attb World's Columbian Exposition LIBRARY_OF CONGRESS. CI^ap.TM9. Shelf 'F.2> E>UE!SE3SrTE;i3 UNITED STATES OP AMEEIOA. • - H Chauncey M. Depew John Boyd Thacher, Gorton W. Alien, Louis Heredith Howland Walter L. Sessions, Cttarles A. Sweet, COnPLIHENTS OF The Board of General Managers of tlie Exhibit of the State of New York, at the World's Columbian Exposition. ROSWELL P. FLOWER, Governor oe the State of New York REPORT BOARD OF GENERAL MANAGERS EXHIBIT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WPRLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITIOK '3. "V ^ State of New York, JSTo. 86. TN SKNATE, REPORT April 18, 1894. BOARD OF GENERAL MANAGERS OF THE EXHIBIT OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK AT THE WORLD'S COLLTM- BIAN EXPOSITION. Albany, N. Y., April 18, 1894. To the Hon. Roswell F. Flowee, Governor of the State of New York : SiE. — Pursuant to chapter 236, Laws of 1892, the Board of General Managers of the Exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Cohimbiau Exposition have the honor to submit to you the following report. CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW, JOHN BOYD THACHER, GORTON W. ALLEN, LOUIS MEREDITH HOWLAND, WALTER L. SESSIONS, CHARLES A. SWEET, General Managers. John Folet, Chief Executive Officer. REPORT. The Columbian Exposition of 1893 lias gone into history pre-eminent in architecture as the greatest creation the world has ever seen ; in comm,erce as the mightiest aggregation of the products of the brain and hand of man ; in education as an opportunity unparalleled for a liberal ciilture in arts and science. New York's part in this grand production was a proud one. The genius of her sons was early called into activity for tlie creative work, and the wisdom of the choice was manifest in every part of the grounds. Tlie Administration Building, the crowning glory of tliat wonderful architectural composition, was the work of Richard M. Hunt. The hall of Manufactures and Liberal Arts, which covered the largest area of any structure ever built, was the work of Geoi-ge B. Post. The Agricultural Building, with all its faultless symmetry of outline, was designed by McKim, Mead & White. The Palace of Fine Arts, whose classic restfulness and bea^^ty was part of the artistic education of the fair, was the work of Charles B. Atwood, as was also the Peris- tyle, so fitly completing the lakeward side of the Court of Honor. Isor need we confine our list to the buildings alone. New York's veteran chief, Frederick Law Olmsted, supervised the landscape gar- dening whicli formed the incomparable setting for the architectural gems, while the delicate task of decorating buildings and grounds in liarmony with the structural design was intrusted to Frank D. Millet. In the presentation of her material wealth and resources New York was equally prominent. There was not one of the thirteen depart- ments in which her exhibits were not a credit and an honor to her people, and in four departments, lioi-ticulture, manufactures, fine arts and liberal arts, she easily distanced her domestic competitors and rivaled as a sister empire the exhibit of any foreign state. In the preparation of this report New York's share in tlie exposition is traced fully from its first beginnings, both as a matter of justice to her uneaualed record and of historical value for future use. 6 New Yokk at the "W oeld's Columbian Exposition. Selection of Site. New York city was one of the first mniiicipalities to take prelimi- nary action to secure tlie fair. On July 17, 1SS9, Mayor Hugh J. Grant, upon the request of fifty leading firms and corporations, issued invitations to 300 i^rominent citizens, requesting their attendance at a meeting to determine the popular sentiment of the city, as to the advisability of holding an exposition to commemorate the 400th anni- versary of the discovery of the new world by Columbus, and the avail- ability of jSTew York as a proper site for such an exposition. In answer to his call the City Hall was crowded on July 25, 1889, with promi- nent business and professional men. An organization committee of 100 was formed, divided into four sub-connnittees of twenty-five each on finance, legislation, site and buildings and permanent organization. The work of the committee until Congress met consisted in bringing the public mind to a receptive state, planning adequate accommodations and raising a large subscription fund. After the holiday recess Congress turned its attention to the World's Fair bill. Four cities put forth serious claims : St. Louis, Chicago, New York and Washington. The first was at no time a dangerous rival ; the last based its hopes on a possible deadlock, which would result in its selection as a compromise. The struggle was between New York and Chicago. Tlie advantages, claims and countei-claims of both cities were furiously argued through the press and in the legis- lative halls. On January 11, 1890, the special committee of the House of Eepresentatives gave a hearing to the New York and Chicago dele- gations. St. Louis had been heard on the ninth and Washington on the tenth. For New York, Chauncey M. Depew, Bourke Cockran and Warner Miller made convincing and eloquent arguments ; for Chicago, Be Witt Cregier, Thomas B. Bryan and E. T. Jeffrey were able advo- cates. The partisans of both cities were encouraged, but it was felt that in the end that city would win the prize which could best demon- strate its ability to I'aise the amount of money necessary to assure a success conunensurate with the dignity of the event. With this end in view, the New York organization committee drafted a bill and sub- mitted it to the State Legislature January 24, 1890, authorizing New' York city to raise $10,000,000 to meet the expenses of the fair. This sum added to the subscription fund wliich already exceeded $5,000,000, made the magnificent total of $15,000,000 to be offered by New York CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW, President Board of General Managers Report of Boaed of Geneeal Managees. 7 as a guarantj of her earnestness and ability. Even tlie staimcliest supporter of Chicago admitted that, should the ISTew York delegation make this pledge befoi-e the congressional committee, nothing could prevent the selection of ISTew York as the site. On Tuesday, the twenty-eighth, the New York Assembly passed the organization committee's bill ; on the twenty-ninth the Senate also passed the bill, amending it, however, by adding twenty-two names to the list ot 104 incorporators contained in the original bill. This was done to insure a more equal division of the committee politically, and was the first appearance of politics in the project from its very begin- ning. The Assembly refused to concur in the amendment, and a dead- lock was precipitated. It would he cpiite fruitless to record the pro- ceedings of the next three weeks. Conferences, committee meetings, hearings and appeals followed one another in rapid succession, but no sentiment could seem to rise paramount to ^^artisan politics. In the meantime, New York's congressional delegation, under the leadership of Governor Eos well P. Flower, then representing the twelfth district, James J. Belden, of Syracuse, and Charles Tracey, of Albany, were doing yeomen's work. By their united efforts they had succeeded in confining the debate to the subject-matter of the bill alone, leaving the place to be filled in afterward. The balloting on the latter question was fixed for February 24, 1890. On February seventeenth a meeting of the New York organization committee, supplemented by hundreds of promoters of the fair, "was held at Cooper Union. On motion of Chauncey M. Depew, a com- promise measure was unanimously recommended to the State Legisla- ture. It provided that the names of the 104 incor|)orators should remain as irt the first draft of the bill, but that the consent of two-thirds of the members should be necessary to j^ass any measure of importance. The compromise was acceptaljle t(j the Legislature, and on February twentieth the bill, with this proviso, was passed. But, as the sequel proved, the action came too late. Its moral effect was entirely dissi- pated by the thirty days' struggle, which was seized upon by the op2)o- nents of New York as pr(jof positive that a lack of unanimity and harmony on the subject existed in New York. It is not "within the scope of this report to attempt to fix the responsibility for the failure. During the three days before the balloting Congress was besieged by a host of New York workers, Imt nothing could prevail against the skillful, well-planned and energetic canvass which had been carried on 8 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition-. by the Chicago delegation for a month. On tlie lirst ballot the vote stood : Chicago, 115 ; ISTew York, 70 ; St. Louis, 61 ; Washington, 58. On the eighth and final ballot Chicago received 157 ; ISTew York, 107 ; St. Lonis, 25 ; Washington, 18 ; necessary to a choice, 15-1. The bill was rajjidly pushed through the House and Senate, and, on April 28, 1890, was signed by President Harrison. In ' accordance with the provisions of the bill, on the nomination of Governor David B. Hill, the President appointed Chauncey M. Depew, of JSTew York, and John Boyd Thaclier, of Albany, National Commissioners, with James Roosevelt and James H. Breslin, of New York, as alternates. Gorton W. Allen, of Auburn, was appointed one of the commissioners at large, with General Lonis Fitzgerald, of New York, as alternate. Mr. Allen served as fourth vice-president of the World's Columbian Commission, and Mr. Thaclier as chairman of the Executive Committee on Awards. Banquet Given by New Yokk's National Commissionees. Por eigliteen months nothing of consecpience was done towards securing a proper representation at the fair of New York's industries. Two bills were introduced in the Legislature of 1891 by Senator Lis- penard Stewart, creating a board of commissioners, and making an appropriation for the presentation of the State's interests at the fair ; but the first was allowed to die, and tlie second, after being favorably reported from committee, was never pushed to a third reading. Tliis apathy indicated no indifference to the success of the fair, for, with one or two exceptions, the press of the State was in its favor, while the sentiment of the people was pronounced in its good will. The delay arose rather from Congress' fixing the date of ojiening for May 1, 1893, one year later than the actual anniversary, thus giving the impression of much more time, and principally from an inadequate idea of the amount of work actually necessary to arouse exhibitors and prepare for a complete exposition of the State's resources. Li this emergency, tlie complimentary dinner given in New York at Delmonico's, December 21, 1891, by the National Commissioners for New York, Messrs. Depew, Allen and Thacher, did much to set right the attitude of the State in the eyes of the nation. It was given at their own expense, and, as expressed by the invitations, " to consider New York's duty and interest as they are related to the World's Colum- bian Exposition to be held in Chicago, May, 1893." Over 100 guests were Eepoet of Boaed of General JManagees. 9 present. The design and motto of tlie menu card were typical of the occasion : " East and West joined with heart and hand." N"o more rep- resentative gathering could well be imagined, and every great interest in ISTew York was there in the person of one or more of its leading men. From Chicago were T. "W" Palmer. President of the World's Columbian Commission ; W. T. Baker, President World's Columbian Exposition ; George P. Davis, Director-General, and Moses P. Handy, Chief Department of Publicity and Promotion. Mr. Depew led the after-dinner speaking by setting forth the reasons which had called them together, the unfortunate political claims which had entered into the councils of the State, the glorious destiny of the exhibition, the necessity for unanimous action, and closed ^vith an elo- quent peroratiouon the growth of the West and the benefits consequent upon the exposition. Mr. Depew said : Gentlemen. — The New York Cbmraissioners are glad to welcome you here to-night. The National Commission for the creation and promotion of the World's Fair, or Columbiau Exposition, consists of two members from each State and eight commissioners at large, with their alternates. The New York members, Mr. Thacher, Mr. Allen and myself, have invited you to meet us, not on account of the general interests of the expo- sition, for its success as a whole is assured, but we wish to consult with you as to the proper jji'ovision which should be made for such a represent- ation of our State at the exposition as would be worthy of its position among our sister Commonwealths. Unfortunately, with us the question has been obscured by political claims and considerations which have not entered into the councils of other States, and which have no place, legiti- mately or illegitimately, in the consideration of the duties which devolve upon us. This exposition is destined to be not only the most phenomenal presentation of the industries, the arts, the sciences, the education, and the civilization of this and other countries, but its character is in all respects purely national. The success of the Columbian Exposition must not be impaired or retarded by local ambitions or jealousies anywhere. So far as New York is concerned it has none; it has not acted in this matter before because the time had not yet arrived. It is now prepared to do its part in its own imperial way. Whenever a new State is organized there is always fierce competition among rival cities for the position of capital of the Common- wealth. When the selection is made controversy is forgotten and the for- tunate place becomes thereafter the center of the official and legislative 10 New York at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. life of the State. New York waa the first capital of the United States and continued so for many years. The South and the West fiercely contended for a change, and of course as the result of the controversy New York lost. Nevertheless it still remains the first city of the continent and the center of its enterprise and financial strength. Its size and grandeur always have and always will unite all places to dispose of it as the most dangerous competitor before indulging in their own rivalries. But since Washington became the capital, New York has been proud to be represented there by its ablest statesmen and to do its part to promote the glory and grandeur of the republic. The great West, beyond the Alleghenies, which had made such marvelous growth in the last half century in population and agricultural and indus- trial wealth, demanded and received the World's Fair for Chicago, which city is in itself the most phenomenal exhibit of American enterprise, energjr and civilization. Whether the exhibition had been at New York, Chicago, St. Louis or San Francisco, it would have been, as it is now, the plain duty of each State to do its best to promote an enterprise which means so much for the industrial, agricultural and educational intere^ts of our country. The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 was a worthy celebra- tion of the completion of the first one hundred years of our independence. The country was still staggering under the bankruptcy of the fearful panic of 1873, but the exhibition placed our business upon its feet and infused life and health into our credit. It distributed to the remotest corners of our country that instruction which materialized into new sources of employment and development and brought into circulation $100,000,000 which otherwise would have lain dormant or idle. The exhibition two years ago at Paris saved the French republic from political destruction by turning the commercial distress which was preva- lent throughout France into happy and prosperous times. Three hundred millions of dollars or more was in that instance released from savings banks and stockings or brought in from other nations to swell the tide of French profit and progress. Our Columbian Exposition comes at a most opportune time. The unprecedented crop which our fields have produced this year and the equally unprecedented demand for our food products abroad will give us for twelve months an exhilarating period of prosperity. Farm mortgages will be paid off, new enterprises will be started, old railroads will be extended, and new ones will be constructed, values will rise in market price, everybody will be richer and in accord with the temper and spirit of our people, credit will be strained to the utmost to realize the largest returns from these phenomenal commercial opportunities. In the ordinary JOHN BOYD THACHER, Board of General Managers E.EPOET OF Board of Geneeal Managees. 11 course of financial experience overtrading and overconfidence, with prob- ably different relations another year between the farm and the markets of the world, would be followed by a corresponding collapse. But this great indu-trial exhibition at Chicago will take up the frayed threads of oppor- tunity too lavishly employed and weave them into new cables to draw the car of American progress. The vast movement of peoples over railways, the stimulus given to business at cities and railway centers, the hundreds of millions of dollars brought into active use which would otherwise be unerriployed will save us as a nation from the dangers which threaten and crystallize into permanency thousands of enterprises which otherwise would fail from lack of confidence or capital. The citizens of Chicago are to be complimented and congratulated upon the courage and forethought which have characterized their local preparations for this grand event. They have already expended $10,000,000 of their own money, and their patriotism and resources are not yet exhausted. But the expense of this national enterprise should not be wholly borne by the locality where Congress has placed it. The nation should do its part to second the efforts of the citizens of Chicago to make this World's Fair surpass in every respect any ever yet held in any country. The grounds devoted to the fair are more than three times greater in area than the acres which the exhibition had at Paris in 1889. The buildings are more numerous and much larger than the ones which astonished the visitors at the French capital. The floor space in these magnificent struc- tures will be five times greater than at the Centennial exhibit at Phila- delphia and double that of the French exhibiiion at Paris. The cost of the preparations for the Centennial was about $5,000,000, and of the French exhibit about $10,000,000. But for the exposition at Chicago it will be $17,000,000. The buildings themselves will be an industrial exhibition of the highest character. They were designed by the most distinguished of American architects. In proportion and grandeur they excel the famed structures of other lands. By modern invention and the plastic art the architect is enabled to impress upon the eye all the effects produced by the genius of Phidias and Praxiteles. Our exposition will be unique and distinct from its predecessors at London, Paris, Vienna, Berlin, in its superb recognition of woman and her work. A structure equal in size and appointments to any except the Machinery Hall at Paris, and designed by an American girl, will demon- strate by its architectural beauty the advance of women in this field, and the departments housed in this superb structure, where woman's work will be displayed, will fitly show what the United States has done to dignify 12 New York at the "World's Columbian Exposttioij. and ennoble womanhood and give her opportunity to make her way in the arts and industries. At the Centennial Exhibition at Philadelphia Morse's telegraph com- prised almost the sum of our knowledge of electricity, but a building at ( ;hicag.> twice as large as Cooper Institute, devoted entirely to electrical appliances and inventions, will demonstrate by the advance in one department the enormous progress of the country in every department since then. At the time of the Centennial Exposition we had 45,000,000 of people, now our numbers reach the grand total of 64,000,000. Then we had thirty-seven States, but we have since added seven stars to our flag. Then the products of our farms in cereals was about $2,200,000,000, now it is over $4,000,000,000. Then the output of our factories was about 15,000,000,000, now it is over 17,000,000,000. Such progress, such develop- ment, such advance, such accumulation of wealth, and the opportunities for wealth — wealth in the broad sense which opens new avenues for employment and fresh chances for independence and for homes — have characterized no other similar period of recorded time. It is an insult to the intelligence of our State to ask what should be the place of New York in this grand exhibition. First in population, in manufactures, and almost in agriculture, first in all the elements which constitute a great and growing Commonwealth, its place in the emulous and friendly rivalry of sister States in this grand exhibition should bo that which natui'e and the enterprise of its people have given it. Our markets are v/est, our competitors are west. We must remove any prejudice that may exist agaiust our trade and then command the markets by the superiority and cheapness of our product. The oppoi- tunity is before us to suffer great loss or gain incalculable advantage. But aside from material considerations New York has never failerl, w'jen patriotic effort was demanded, to respond with volume and enthusiasm which sustained its imperial position, [n the presence of this representa- tive body, sp-aking for them and through them for the people of the Commonwealth, I can say to the country east and west and north and south : " New York will be at the Columbian Exposition, and it will be there in the full grandeur of its strength and development." The Columbian World's Exposition will be international, because it will hospitably welcome and entertain the people and the products of every nation in the world. It will give to them the fullest opportuni'y to teach us and' learn from us, and to open new avenues of trade with our markets and discover materials which will be valuable in theirs. But its Report of Boaed of General Managers. 13 creation, its magnitude, its location, its architecture, and its striking and enduring features will be American. The city in which it is held, taking rank among the first cities in the world after an existence of only fifty years, is American. The great inland fresh water sea whose waves will dash against the shores of Jackson Park is American. The jjrairie extending westward with its thousands of square miles of land, a half century ago a wilderness but to-day gridironed with railroads, spanned with webs of electric wires, rich in prosperous farms, growing villages, ambitious cities, and an energetic, educated and progressive people, is purely American. The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 celebrated the first one hundred years of the mdepenuence of the republic of the United States. The Columbian Exposition celebrates the discovery of a continent which has become the home of peoples of every race, the refuge of those persecuted on acjount of their devotion to civil and religious liberty, and the revolu- tionary factor in the affairs of the earth, a discovery which has accom- plished more for humanity in its material, its intellectual, and its spiritual aspects than all other events since the advent of Christ. Introduced by ilr. Depew, Hou. John Boyd Thacher spoke as follows : Our nation is charged with the celebration of the Columbian dis- covery because we have best enjoyed its heritage. That discovery was meant for mankind. Two events first catch our eye in the 400 years of authentic history made in the New World. The one is the planting of the cross on Watlings Island in 1492. The other is the planting of the standard of American liberty in Philadelphia in 1776. The two events were remote from each other in time and distant in scene. The actoi's were of different blood. The first not only made the second possible but determined its action. It is with the chief actor in the first event that we have to do just now. What manner of man is this our Columbus ? We have of him four and forty distinct portraits. Each is a type. No two of these resemble each other. He is in mail and in silken hose ; he is mild and he is fierce ; he is freckled like a country lad, and he is bearded like the pard ; he has the bewildered look of one who never had a compass, and he has the eye through which alone destiny looks. Tou and 1 can draw him as we like. If your Columbus is only a searcher after shining gold he is a splendid wretch. If your Columbus is only a capturer of harmless heathens to drag them after the car of religion he is a pious trifler. A man is no better than he makes his heroes. The God who makes men 14 New Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. and who uses men never intrusted a great purpose to a mean soul. The bearer may not fully know tl e weighty business on which he goes, but something of its meaning shines upon him and from his tempered visage enforces homage. The lonely Genoese pacing the deck of his caravel, watching for land, and no land from day to day, must have had glimpses of the new hemisphere and visions of its destiny. And so your Chris- topher Columbus and mine is, as his name implies, the anointed bearer of a blessing for mankind, a preparer and an opener of a new world in which man should be free from his brother, true to himself and obedient to his Maker. It is sucli a man about whose statue we are to walk at this exposition. It is the tree of his planting which we are to consider ?.s we eat of its fruits. No section, no state, no Chicago can hug this blessing to its single bosom. It is for us all. Let all the people participate in its enjoyment. We do not deny our disappointment when the World's Pair winged a westward flight. We know that if the unities had been consulted neither New York nor Chicago wou'd have beeu selected, but the celebra- tion of the great discoverer would have been beneath southern skies and where the ocean sea washes the true Guanhani. We claimed the celebra- tion in New York because •we were the supreme city of the western hemisphere. We haA e lost the fair, but our city has relinquished none of her supremacy. It will be mock humility now if we offer to tear down our huts to build Chicago's palace. Rather let us rejoice that we are great and strong, and that out of our fullness we may aid our sister city of the West. Chicago deserves our suppoi't. She has won our admira- tion. To raise $10,000,000 of money for a sentimental purpose is a task which any metropolis might approach with hesitation. Chicago has accomplished this in a few short weeks. Our blood runs faster as we recognize this magnificent courage, and we would share in her labor that we may justly share in her glory. Nothing pertaining to humanity is foreign to the true man. Nothing pertaining to our country is foreign to the true American. We are one people, one family. When prosperity spceads her sheltering wings in the East the West is safe and happy. When in the West the fields of grain stretch far and wide we in the East eat bread without scarceness. Chicago does not come to us with an offertory basket in her hand. She comes bringing to us a flag with the colors of the World's Columbian Exposition upon its bright folds. She asks us to wave it in token of friendship and a common interest. Let the noble contention between us be from this hour which hand shall bear this flag furthest in the march of triumph and which voice shall loudest proclaim its glory. • t* 1^ - \ GORTON W. ALLEN, Board of General Managers Repoet of Boaed of General Managers. IS Commissioner-at-Large Gorton W. Allen spoke as follows : That the World's Columbian Exposition is to be an unparalleled success may as well be retjarded as assured. Not, indeed, because the commissioners and the local directory are of themselves able to achieve so dtsirable a result by their combined wisdom and enterprise, stimulated by a degree of enthusiasm that repels all thought or apprehen-ion of failure, but rather because the World's Fair Exposition is the formulated exj)fession of the universal wish of the American people. It goes without saj'iug that that universal wish is, when formulated, a specific against any tendency in the direction of failure. True, we admit the word failure in our dictionaries, but it is most commonly employed as one of the extremes in human endeavor from which we measure upwards, to actually discover the distance between achievement and failure. The enterprise is not seeking friends, for the obvious reason that it has no enemies — at home or in foreign lands. If there has been in the past any suspicion or doubt as to the loyal and liberal spirit of the Empire State and its chief city in any and every way and manner to the end that the exposition shall be crowned with success there is none n jw. Much as our people would have been delighted had the generous offer of the metropolis been accepted, the failure to secure the location has never for an instant provoked or suggested the slightest feeling of retaliation, jealousy or envy. On the contrary', our people would be more likely to contribute more generously lest their failure to fulfill the largest expectation of Chicago should be attributed to disappointment. Do j'ou ask me what New York contemplates doing in aid of the exposition ? I reply that she will occupy a conspicuous place upon the site chosen, and will undoubtedly construct a building quite commensurate to the necessities of its citizens who propose to patronize the exposition as exhibitors and visitors. Its capacity will be ample ; its architectural finish will be in harmony with and not inferior to the buildings of any other State. I assure you whatever is necessary for New York to do to accommodate her ])eople will, I have no doubt, be done, and done as promptly as the Governor and the Legislature can be duly advised by competent authority of what is needed. And now, addressing myself more especially to the citizens of New York, it appears to me that his excellency Gov. Flower should be requested, by enactment of our Legislature, to appoint a commission, consisting of such number as shall be deemed adequate, to visit the city of Chicago, and, in connection with the World's Fair Commissioners fiom this State, ascertain the needs of New York State exhibitors and visitors, and with 16 New Yoek at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition, all needful information report to the Governor with the recommendation as to the amount of appropriation deemed necessary to provide for the needs of the people, and to suitably represent the character and greatness of this the greatest State of the Union. In that way the Governor and Legislature can be promptly and adequately advised, and be able intelli- gently to provide appropriate legislation. Legislative provision for New York's exhibitors and visitors without such information would in all jiroba- bility result in grievous disappointment. So much for New York State. More important than any other purely financial question is that which relates to aid from the general government to the Columbian Exposition. My views upon the subject are very decided, after much reflection. That the exposition is in need of and must have financial aid, and that with reasonable promptness, is quite beyond the realm of controversy or question. I venture to assume that the general government will give heed to the necessity of Ihe case and grant the required aid in some form. But in what form ? That an adequate loan of any required amount can be secured from the government by the pledges of the revenue of the exposition, derived from the admission of visitors, for the payment of the debt, at such time and manner and under such regulations as may be determined upon, is feasible, and without doubt can be accomplished. It can be easily demonstrated that such security would be ample to indemnify the government against loss or hazard, and if so it may be safely assumed that such aid would be easily within reach. It has been suggested by some, and by others urged, that the govern- ment should be requested to make an appropriation of the public money in aid of the exposition; a gift as distinguished from a loan. This propo- sition, I am assured, will meet with decided opposition, and justly so in my judgment. Many reasons will be urged against this method of relief, but of them all I refer to but one, and that will be held sufficient. It has not passed out of the memory of the general public that when the question of locating the place for the World's Columbian Exposition was before Congress, New York State was a vigorous bidder for the con- testedthonor and prize, and she came with an indemnity backed by her millionaires, unquestioned and unquestionable, undertaking to assume all financial burdens and responsibilities, and to preserve the general govern- ment harmless in any emergency. Who doubts for a moment that that undertaking would have been faithfully kept ? Who doubts that the city and State of New York would have, with prodigal hand, made ample pro- vision for all exhibitors, foreign and domestic, out of their own purse ? No one then doubted that Chicago meant what she proposed. No one doubted but the promoters of the Chicago interest were able, and Repoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managees. it intended at all hazards to keep the faith then pledged. Who believes now that Chicago would have been successful in that memorable yet friendly struggle, if there had been a suspicion of her ability to perform what she undertook ? Were I a resident of Chicago I would repel any propositions for aid from the general government, except in the form of a loan, secured as I have before outlined. Her fair name should not be compromised, nor her Y'ealth and greatness belitt'ed by the failure to keep her promise, which won for her the prestige and honor of being the city chosen by the authority of general government as the fittest and best equipped for entertaining the nation's guests while attending the greatest exposition of the achievements in the world's industries of the nineteenth century. Whatever else may be done to secure financial aid and relief let not this be done. Other speeches were made by Messrs. Palmer, Baker, Davis, Charles S. Smith, president of the ISTew York Cliamber of Commerce, and J. Seaver Page, to whose judicious management the success of the banquet was largely due. The moral effect of this well-cirganized movement was felt not only at Albany when the Legislature met, but throughout the country. The East and the West, in spite of false rumors, were united in the final preparations to make this great indus- trial enterprise national in its character ; its failure, if such could be admitted, to rest on aU alike ; its glory to be shared by all Americans. 18 New York at the Woeld's Cohtmbian Exposition. The Woeld's Fair Bill. As soon as the New York Legislature of 1892 was organized a bill was introduced providing ways and means for New York's part in tlie fair. It met witli no opposition, and the only controversy was over the amount of the appropriation. The general opinion was that $500,000 was none too much, but $300,000 was the amount finally fixed upon as suflicient to conduct the preliminary work for a year. The following is the full text of the bill : CHAPTEE 236. An Act in relation to the exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian Exposition, and to provide for the commemoration of the 400th anniversnry of the discovery of America. Approved by the Governor April 6, 1892. Passed, three-fifths being present. The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate cuid Assembly, do enact as follows : Section 1. Chauncey M. Depew, John Boyd Thacher, Gorton W. Allen, heretofore appointed by the President of the United States mem- bers of the World's Columbian Commission, and three other persons to be appointed by the Governor of the State in writing filed in the office of the Secretary of State, are hereby constituted the general managers of the exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held at Chicago under the provisions of an act of Congress approved April 25, IS 90, entitled "An act to provide for celebrating the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America by Christopher Co'umbus, by holding an international exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures and the products of the soil, mine and sea, in the city of Chicago, State of Illinois." The exhibit of the State of New York at such exposition shall not be opened to the public on Sunday, and the general managers herein provided for shall take such steps as may be necessary to carry this pro- vision into effect. § a. The Governor shall forthwith appoint a board of district commis- sioners for each judicial district of the State, consisting of three persons, each of whom shall be a resident of the district and, so far as practicable, representative of some of the industries of the State. Such district ooard shall, under the direction and subject to the control and supervision of the general managers, perform such service and discharge such duties as may be prescribed or imposed by the general managers, for the purpose of securing a full and complete exhibit of the resources, products and general development of the State within their respective districts. LOUIS MEREDITH HOWLAND, Board ok General Managers JReport of Board of General Manawees. 19 § 3. The Governor shall forthwith appoint some suitable and competent person who is a resident of the State, to be secretary and another to be chief executive officer of the board of general managers of the State, who shall be removable at the pleasure of the Governor. They shall each receive such annual salary as shall be fixed by the Governor, not exceed- ing $3,000 for the secretary^ or $5,000 for the chief executive officer. Such salaries shall not be paid for more than two years. They shall be subject to the direction of the general managers of the State, and per- form such duties as they shall prescribe. The said chief executive officer shall sit as a member of the said board, but not authorized to vote except in case of a tie when he shall have the casting vote. § 4. The general managers of the State shall, immediately after their appointment, and upon the call of the Governor, meet at the Cajjitol in the city of Albany and organize as a board by the election of a president and a vice-president. Three members of the board shall be a quorum for the transaction of business. The board may make rules and regulations for its government and for the government of the district boards and of the chief executive officer. But such rules and regulations shall not conflict with the provifcious of the act of Congress hereinbefore referred to, or the regulations adopted thereunder, or with the rules and regulations adopted by the World's Columbian Commission. The Superintendent of Public Buildings shall provide the board of general managers with suit- able furnished rooms for their iise as such board in the Capitol. The board of general managers shall appoint, a board of women managers of such number, and to perform such duties as may be prescribed by the board of general managers. The members of all boards appointed under this act shall serve without compensation, but their actual, necessary expenses, while in the actual discharge of their duties, shall be allowed and paid to them out of any sums appropriated therefor, upon the audit of the Comptroller. No member of any such board, nor such executive officer, .shall be personally liable for any debt or obligation created or incurred by him as such commissioner, or such officer, or by such board, or any officer thereof. § 5. The board of general managers shall make a report of its proceed, ings from time to time to the Governor, and at any time, upon his wiittet request, f^all make such a report, to be by him transmitted to the Legis- lature, with such suggestions as he may deem important, for a comjilete and creditable representation of the State at such exposition. Immedi- ately after the formal opening of the exposition an account of all expendi- tures made and debts incurred, showing the items, the amounts thereof, to whom paid or with whom contracted, and for what purpose, certided 20 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. by the president of the board of general managers and by the chief executive ofHcer to be correct, shall be prepared and filed in the oifice of the Comptroller of the State. The board of general managers shall have power to expend such sum or sums for the transportation and care of dairy products as in their judgment may be deemed necessary to secure a credit- able exhibit of said products at the World's Fair. § 6. The board of general managers of the State is also empowered to take such steps and make such preparation as in their judgment may be necessary or proper for the representation of the State of New York upon the occasion of the naval review in New York harbor in April, 1893, which is to be held pursuant to section eight of the act of Congress here- inbefore referred to. And they are also hereby authorized and empowered t ) provide with appropriate ceremonies for the commemoration within the State on the 12th day of October, 1892, of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America. § v. The total expenditures to be incurred under the provisions of this act shall not exceed the sum of 8300,000; and for the purpose of paying such expenditures, the sum of §300,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated out of any moneys in the treasury not otherwise appropriated, to be paid by the State Treasurer upon the warrant of the Comptroller, issued upon the requisition of the board of general managers, signed by its president and secretary, accompanied by estimates of the expenses for the payment of which the money so drawn is to be applied. § 8. This act shall take effect immediately. Appointments. A board of general managers of six members was provided for, of whom three were named in the act, Messrs. Chauncey M. Depew, of JS"ew York city, John Boyd Thaclier, of Albany, and Gorton W. Allen, of Auburn, jireviously appointed by the President of the United States members of the World's Columbian Commission from the State of Ne-CTvYui'k. On April 1:2, 1892, the following -were appointed by Gov- ernor Flower as tlie other three members of the Board : Messrs. Louis Mereditli Howland, of New York city, Walter L. Sessions, of James town, and Charles A. Sweet, of Buffalo. The board, as thus consti- tuted, was non-partisan, Messrs. Depew, Allen and Sessions, representing the Eepublican party_ aad Messrs. Thaclier, Howland and Sweet the Democratic party. On April twelfth the Governor appointed John Foord, of New York city, secretary, and on April eighteenth ex-Sena- WALTER L. SESSIONS, Board of General Managers Eepoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managers. 21 tor Donald McXauglitou, of liocbester, chief executive ofticer of the board. In accordance with the provisions of the act the Governor also appointed, on April twelfth, the f ollo^vin^ as the Board of District Com- missioners of the State : First Judicial District. Richard Delafield JN'ew York. Samnel W. Fairchild New York. James W. Tappin New York. The oiiice of the first district commission was in the Madison Square Bank Building, New York city. Chief clerk, Edmund C. Stanton. Secojid Judicial District. Daniel M. Somers Brooklyn. Cord Meyer, Jr Brooklyn. Henry Seibert Brooklyn. The oiiice of the second district commission was in the Eagle Build- ing, Brooklyn. Chief clerk, John Phillips. Th ird Judicial District. John T. Norton Albany. "Williaui H. Bo we, Jr Troy. Manly B. Mattice Catskill. The office of the third district commission was in the Capitol, Albany. Chief clerk, George S. Stevens. Fourtlh Judicicd District. Edward Ellis Schenectady. Thomas J. Whitney Gouverneur. George S. Weed Plattsbiirgh. The office of the fourth district commission was in the Town Hall, Saratoga Springs. Chief clerk, Harry S. Estcourt. Fifth Jxcdicicd District. John F. Gaynor Fayetteville. Walter N. Kernan Utica. George B. Sloan Oswego. The office of the fifth district commission was in the Kirk Building, Syracuse. Chief clerk, William PI. Cole. 22 New Yoek at the World's Columbian" Exposition Sixth Judicial District. Hugh Duffy Cortland. George F. O'Neil Eingliamton. Eobert H. Tliurstoii Ithaca. The ofKce of the sixth district commission was in Strong Block, Binghamton. Chief clerk, J. F. Hawkins. Seventh Juclicial Districi. "William S. Kimball Rochester. Henry Stowell Seneca Falls. Edwin C. Cook Bath. The office of the seventh district comiiiission was in tlie Chamber of Commerce, Rochester. Chief clerk, William H. Benjamin. Eighth Judicial Dist/rict. Henry Koons Buffalo. Willard T. Ransom Lockport. Henry W. Box Buffalo. The office of the eighth district commission was at 9 Niagara street, Buffalo. Chief clerk, George T. Smith. The president, secretary and treasurer of each board are in the order named. Messrs. Tappin, Meyer and Norton were subsequently appointed in place of the original appointees, Walter Stanton, Orlando B. Potter and Robert C. Pruyn, respectively, who were unable to serve. Organization of Board. In accordance with the call of the Governor, the Board of General Managers held its first meeting at the Capitol, in the city of Albany, on April 19, 1893. At that meeting Hon. Chauncey M. Depew was elected president, and Hon. Gorton W. Allen vice-president. The fol- lowing code of rules and regulations was adopted for the guidance of tlie board : KrOLES and Regulations of the Board of General Managers. Rule I. The oiBcial title of this body of six commissioners shall be " The Board of General Managers of the Exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian Exposition." Rule II. The board shall elect from its own members a president and a vice-presi- dent and an auditing committee of two members, who, with the chief Eepoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managers. 23 executive officer and the secretaiy, as appointed by law, shall constitute the regular officers of the board. The board may, by a majority vote, reject any clerk or employee appointed by the chief executive officer, but the rejection must be made at the nest meeting after the official notifica- tion of said appointment. Bule III. Regular meetings of the board shall be held on the third Tuesday of each naonth, commencing on the third Tuesday of April, 1892. Rule IV. The president or vice-president or any two members of the board, by writing, may issue notices for special meetings at any time. Rnle V. Three members of the board shall constitute a quorum for the transac- tion of any business, but in an emergency two members, at a regular or special meeting, may consider business, and when such business is approved by one or more members it shall stand and be recorded as regulai-, the same as if a quorum had been actually present and assented thereto, pro- vided that each member of the board shall be notified of the action taken and the subject considered by the two members at said meeting. Rule VI. The president or, in his absence, the vice-president, shall preside over all the meetings of the board. He shall appoint all committees, unless otherwise directed, and shall generally have all the power and authority incident to his offica. In the absence of the president and vice-president, the board may appoint a chairman who shall, for that occasion, exercise the functions of the president. Tn the absence of the pi-esident and vice-president he shall sign requisitions, as provided by section 7 of chapter 236, Laws of 1892. Rule VII. The chief executive officer shall exercise such direction and manage- ment of the office as shall make effective the various agencies employed. He shall nominate to the board all clerks and employees in ail the departments of the board and of the commissions of the several judicial districts; but all employees of said judicial district commissions shall be, as far as practicable, residents within their respective districts. He ehall fix and establish all salaries of officers, clerks and employees, subject tC' the approval of the board. He shall in like manner have power to remove for cause, made in writ- 24 New Tokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. ing and tiled in the office of the board, any and all officers, cle~ks and employees by him appointed. He shall have the power by himself, or through any agent he may employ, to visit the several judicial districts and examine the work and management of the said judicial district commission. It shall be his duty to make regular monthly reports to the board, and at such other times as the board may be in session or request such reports. Rule VIII. The secretary shall be in constant attendance in the rooms of the board. He shall be present at all the meetings of the board, unless otherwise directed, and keep full and accurate records of all its proceedings, and shall make report of the same from time to time, as he may be required. All his records shall be open at all times to the inspection of any member of the board. He shall perform such other duties as the chief executive officer or the board may impose upon him. Rule IX. There shall be an official seal, circular in form, with the following words around the margin thereof : " General Managers of New York at World's Columbian Exposition, 1893," and in the upper center of said seal shall be the coat of arms of the State of New York, and in the lower center a representation of a section of the stern Of the ship " Santa Maria," with the figure of Columbas standing upon the high deck. Rule X. The Board of District Commissioners for each of the judicial districts shall be known as the " Judicial District Commission of the State exhibit at the World's Fair " (the number of the particular district being inserted before the word judicial). It shall be the duty of each District Commission to meet upon the call of the chief executive officer of the Board of General Managers, and to proceed to organize by electing a president and secretary from its own members, who shall perform the duties incident to their office. It shall be the duty of these several commissions to promote, in every way possible, the World's Columbian Exposition, and to solicit a proper representation at the said exposition of the resources of the Empire State, and particularly an exhibition of such of the arts, industries, manufactures and j)roducts of the soil as may be within the boundaries of their respec- tive districts. To .this end they shall communicate with the different interests likely to make such exhibits, acquaint them with the classifica- CHARLES A. SWEET, Board ok General Managers Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 25 tion adopted by the World's Columbian Commission, the rules for the installation of exhibits, the arrangements for transportation to and from Chicago, the regulations for making awards and premiums, and all such other information as ma}'^ enable our citizens to make a creditable display of their exhibits. But it shall not be permitted to make any money aid or grant to anj' exhibitor or to the representative of any industry. The several commissions may adopt rules and regulations for their own government, provided such rules and regulations do not conflict with the rules of the Board of General Managers, or with the rights, powers and privileges of said board. The sum of $10,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby set apart for the salaries of employees and the expenses of each of the said commissions, and the chief executive ofiicer, upon the requisition of the respective commissions, may warrant and approve the several items of expenditures within the limit here provided, which shall be necessary for the proper conduct of the commissions. Weekly reports shall be made to the chief executive officer of the progress of the work by each of the said commissions. No member of said commissions shall receive any compensation for his services unless especially authorized by the chief executive officer, and then only for his actual expenses. Rule XI. The Board of Women Managers shall consist of twenty- one women, residents of the State, and appointed by the Board of General Managers. They are to work in conjunction with the general managers in promoting the interests of the World's Columbian Exposition, and to assist the repre- sentative women of the nation in obtaining for that occasion a full and complete portrayal of the industrial and social conditions of woman and her achievements and capabilities in all the avenues and departments of life, and, therefore, they shall be and hereby are empowered to exercise such authority and control in their department as shall be consistent with a liberal construction of the act of the Legislature creating the board, and with the rules herein adopted. They shall meet in the Capitol at Albany, upon the call of the chief executive officer, and proceed to organize by electing a president, first and second vice-presidents and a secretary. As soon thereafter as practicable they shall elect an executive committee of six, who shall have all the powers and rights of the full board when in sebsion. The said board shall establish its bureau in the rooms of the Board of General Managers, and shall have such clerical aid as the chief executive officer may provide. 4 26 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. The Board of Women Managers!, or its executive committee, shall make regular monthly reports to the Board of General Managers, or more fre- quently if so requested. The sum of $25,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby set apart for the maintenaace and expenses of the said Board of Women Managers, and all expenses shall, as far as practicable, be estimated and the consent of the Board of General Managers obtained thereto before they shall be actually incurred. The president of the women's board, the chairman of its executive committee and the secretary of the women's board are hereby constituted an auditing committee, who shall audit and approve all bills for expendi- tures. When so approved the regular auditing committee of this board may approve of the same, and thereupon the said bills shall be presented for payment as provided by law. The Board of General Managers reserves to itself the right and privi- lege of presenting such further rules and regulations for the guidance of the Board of Women Managers as shall, from time to time, seem expedient. The Board of Women Managers may bo called together from time to time as shall seem expedient to the Board of General Managers. mile XII. The auditing committee shall examine and audit all bills and accounts. Bule XIII. A member of the board may hold the proxy of any other member and cast a vote by virtue of said proxy on any question which may come up at any regular or special meeting and under any circumstances where any member might have a right to vote, provided that three or more members of said board shall be present at said meeting. Rule XIV. No rule shall be amended, altered or modified, except by four affirma- tive votes. The auditing committee of the board appointed in pursuance of these regulations were Hon. John Boyd Tliacher, of Albany, and Ilou. Walter L. Sessions, of Jamestown. These gentlemen served con- tinuously as this committee, with the exception of Mr. Sessions, who was replaced during the exposition period by Hon. Gorton W. Allen, of Auburn. Seal of the Board of General Managers of the Exhibit of THE State of New York. Seal of the Board ok \No,vien Managers of the Exhibit of the State of New York [For Legesd, see Page ICO J Report of Boaed of General Managers. 37 Work of the Boaed in 1S92. Pursuant to a. call issued by the chief executive officer and the seers- taiy, the members of the Board of General Managers and of the Judicial District Commissions, met in conference in the Assembly parlor in the Capitol at Albany, on Thursday, April 2S, 1S92. By invitation, the Hon. George R. Davis, director-general, and Mr. F. J. Y. Skiff, chief of t^ie department of mines and mining of the World's Columbian Exposition, were also present. After a free interchange of views in regard to the place ■which Xew York ought to occupy at the World's Fair, it was resolved tliat the Judicial District Commissioners, in com- pany with a delegation from the Board of General Managers, should visit Chicago for the purpose of studying on the ground and in con- ference with the exposition authorities, the conditions luider which the State would be re(|uired tarl- ments of the exposition, the relative allotment of space to which the mag- nitude and variety of her products entitle her. They have a record of all the applications already made, and are in daily communication with the exposition authorities in regard to new applications. Prompt attention will be given to all inquiries addressed to any of the district managers, tiie location of whose headquarters will shortlj^ be made public. The mana- gers and commissioners of the State exhibit begin their work profoundly impressed with the greatness and brilliancy of the achievement which the cdvilized world will be invited to contemplate at Chicago next May. It will be their earnest endeavor to see that New York secures her full share of its lustre. Signed by the Board of General Managers and the Judicial District Commissio ners. At the date of tlie issue of the foregoing address the number of applications for space at the exposition received fnjin the State of New York did not greatly exceed 400. After the time fixed for hling applications had expired the number of ISTew York applications was found to be 2,-iS6. These were for purely eomraercial or individual exhibits, and did not include the contributors, numbered by thousands, to the various exhibits installed under the direction of the State, wliose cost was defra\'ed from the appropriations disbursed under the author- ity of the board. The personal applications which passed through the hands of tlie board, and wliich were for the most part collected hy tlie district eijmmissions. were distributed as follows among the thirteen great departments of the exposition : 30 !N"ew York at the World's Columbian Exposition. A. Agriculture : food and its accessories, agricultural niacliin- ery and appliances 190 B. Horticulture 119 C Live stock : domestic and wild animals 22 D. Fish, fisheries, fish products and apparatus of fishing 26 E. Mines, mining and metallurgj^ 94 F. Machinery 280 G. Transportation : railways, vessels, vehicles 194 H. Manufactures 924 J. Electricity and electrical appliances 105 K. Fine arts : painting, sculpture, architecture, decoration ... 43 L. Liberal arts : education, engineering, public works, con- structive architecture, music and the drama 460 M. Ethnology, archaeology ; progress of labor and invention ; isolated and collective exhibits 18 'N. Forestry and forest products 11 Total 2, 486 It became obvious very early in the experience of the board that on it would devolve the duty of providing for the proper representation of the State in all departments where the commercial prompting was not sufficiently strong to draw out exhibits to be installed and main- tained at individual expense. It was found that no State department or State supported association had funds available for presentation at the World's Fair of the fruits of its activity. It is hardly necessary to explain in detail why the board made the selection and classification which it did of the exhibits best fitted to illustrate the resources, the history and the present positiou of the State in education, art and civil government. What was being done by other States had, of course, a certain influence on the decisions of the board ; what the State owed to itself tv'as, however, the controlling impu.lse. In this connection it may not be amiss to recall the fact that the feeling was still strong in Chicago and throughout the West that New York was unfriendly to the Columbian Exposition. That l^ew York had not succeeded in its effort to be selected as the site of the World's Fair of 1893 was deemed to be sufficient reason for an absence of good-will on the part of its citi- zens toward the enterprise undertaken by the city to which Congress had awarded the coveted honor. DUNALD MoXAUGHTON, Chief Exf.cutive Officer EzpoET OF Board of Gexeeal Maxagees. 31 One of the lirst duties of the Board of Managers was, clearly, to endeavor to remove such au impression. Xew York could not afford to be held to occupy such a position toward an exposition with wlioS3 success or failure the reputation of the whole American people was iudissolubly bound wp- Xor was it on grounds of mere self-interest held to be expedient that Xew York should be placed in an unfavor- able light before tlie community with which its commercial i-elations are of the closest. What any other State proposed to do it was deemed fitting, no less with due regard to the dignity than to the manifest obligations of the State, that Xew York should in its own sphere excel. The fact should be recorded that it was not left entirely to the official representatives of the State to wipe out the repi-oach which had been directed against Xew York for apparent lack of appreciation of the greatness of the exposition enterprise. Xew York architects had been early called into the councils of the constructors of the fair build- ings, and, as stated in the introduction, four of the chief of these were the work of Xew Yorkers. Xew York sculptors and painters also contributed their full share toward making the exposition grounds, and the facades of the chief exposition buildings, forever memorable in the history of the development of American art. Xor was the participation of the commercial and manufacturing establishments of the State less amply significant of the strong interest taken in the fair by the people of Xew York. Owing to the impos- sibility of securing an adequate allotment of space, or from other causes of difference with the exposition authorities, the exhibits of certain representative Xew York firms were noticeably absent. But in all the great ao-trregate of the results of American industrv, ingenuitv and taste which was so strikingly displayed at the Columbian Exposition, there were but few out of the whole one hundred and seventy-six groups in which some product of Xew York was not the dominant feature. In the department of manufactures, foreign nations had, for the most part, provided imposing and ornate j^avilions for the collective installation of their exhiliits. Around the center circle of the vast building were grouped the exhibits of (Termauy, France, Great Britain and the United States. The last named occupied tlie whole northeastern section of the building, and covered an area of some 300,000 square feet. E'o attempt was made to treat this as a whole after the French and German manner, the rule lieing that each exhibitor should Ije left to pro- 32 New Yoek at the AVoeld's Columbian Exposition. vide liis own booth, according to a design approved by tlie bureau of construction. But it became apparent thai facing the magnificent pavilions of France and Germany the scattered booths of American exhibitors would suffer by contrast. For the construction of a dignified entrance pavilion to the American section the exposition company had no funds, and the government of the United States had made no pro- vision. It was reserved for the enterprise of three firms — two of them distinctively of New York city and one having its chief place of business there — to do what was needed to sustain the dignity and reputation of the country. The pavilion, jointly erected by Tiffany & Co., the Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company and the Gorham Manufactur- ing Company, was a very striking product of the architectural skill of John Du Fais, of New York city, and most effectually redeemed from any suggestion of commonplace the central facade of the American section of manufactures. The New York Central railroad j^erformed a similar service for the south front of the transportation annex, and both it and the Wagner Palace Car Company made a showing as lavish in its disregard of cost as it was impressive in its relation to the perfection of existing appli- ances for rapid and luxurious travel by rail. In that most remarkable characteristic of the exposition — the manifold ajjplication and trans- mission of electric force — - the work of the General Electric Company of New York was predominant. To the department of horticulture New York men were by far the largest contributors, and the works of New York artists occupied about three-fourths of the whole space of the American section in this department. The applications of these lat- ter were passed on by a special committee in New York city, and those already recorded as passing through the hands of the board were but a small part of those actually made. In like manner the apj^lications for the successive live stock shows were necessarily of later date than the purely commercial entries, and went, for the most part, directly to the authorities immediately in charge. The representation of New York in this department was, therefore, much more ample than the figures above given would indicate. The Board of Women Managers. Section i of the general act emjjowered the Board of General Mana- gers " to appoint a board of women managers, of such number and to perform such duties as may be prescribed by the board of general Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 33 managers." In pursuance of this clause, and under rule XI of the rules and regulations, the board appointed, June 8, 1892, the following representative women of the State as members of the Board of "Women Managei's : First Judicial District. Mrs. Arthur M. Dodge JN'ew York city. Mrs. Fred E. Halsey ]^ew York city. Miss Aunie Hemstrought New York city. Miss J. Imogen Howard ISTew York city. Miss Anna Boosevelt !N'ew York city. Mrs. Oscar S. Straus I^ew York city. Mrs. George "Waddington New York city. Mi-s. H. Walter Webb New York city. Second Judicicd District. Mrs. Frederick P. Bellamy Brooklyn. Miss Elizabeth T. Minturn* Hastings-on-the-Hudson. Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan Brooklyn. Third Judicial District. Mrs. Erastus Corning Albany. Mrs. Dean Sage Menands. Fourth Judicial District. Mrs. "William J. Averell Ogdensburgh. Fifth Judicial Distinct. Mrs. Howard G. "White Syracuse. Sixth Judicial District. Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke Springfield Centre. Mrs. Andrew D. White Ithaca. Seventh Judicial District. Miss Caroline E. Dennis Auburn. Mrs. Charles F. Wadsworth Geneseo. Eighth Judicial District. Miss Maria M. Love Buffalo. Miss Frances Todd Patterson "Westfield. •Afterwards replaced by Mrs. Frederick Ehinelander Jones, New Tork city. 5 34r New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. On June seventh the Board of General Managers, on the nomination of Chief Executive Officer McN"aughton, apjDroved the following ajapoint- ments for the women's board : Mrs. Candace Wheeler, in charge of the bureau of ap|)lied arts, and Mrs. Florence C. Ives, chief officer. It is worthy of note that New York corrected in the title, " Board of Women Managers," the j^ossible solecism adopted l}y Congress in the creation of the term " Lady Managers." The work of the Board of Women Managers will be found fully detailed in the special report incorporated herewith. It was of the highest efficiency, and reflected great credit on the executive commit- tee. The best of women's work in all departments was brought out by systematic efforts and a true estimate made jDossible of its industrial value. The many social functions held under their management, a full list of which may be found under the description of the ISTew York State Building, were memorable successes, and the afternoon teas served in the women's reception room of the State Buildmg an enjoyable innova- tion to the routine of sight-seeing. Establishing of Sub-Depaetments. The short time intervening before the opening of the ex")30sition rendered it imperative for the Board of General Managers to j)rocnre the aid of experts in many departments, who could give their time to the preparation of a fitting exhibit. The board reserved to itself the approval of plans and the supervision of expenditures in these departments. The dairy interests were the first to be provided for, a clause in the general act authorizing such an exhibit, and the attendance of a com- mittee from the State Dairymen's Association at one of the early meet- ings of tlie board, closing the arrangements. Mr. Josiah Shnll, of Ilion, was placed in charge of the preparations about the first of May. On July nineteenth a committee from the officers of the New York State Agricultural Society conferred with the Board of Managers with reference to an agricultural exhibit, and as a result of the deliberations a bureau of agriculture was formed of which Mr. James Wood, of Mount Kisco, was made director in chief. During July and August the following interests were placed in special hands : Eloriculture, arboriculture, etc., in charge of Mr. James Dean, of Bay Kidge ; pomology, in charge of Mr. George T. Powell, JOHN FOURD, Secretary Board of Managers Report of Boaed of Gexeeal ilAXAOEES. 35 of Ghent ; viticulture, in charge of ilr. George C. Snow, of Penn Tan ; the Indian exhibit, in charge of the Eev. John TT. Sanborn, of Naples ; forestry, in charge of ]\Ir. Romeyn B. Hough, of Low^ille ; apiarian exhibit, in charge of Mr. Orel L. Hershisei-. of Buffalo ; mines and mining exhibit, in charge of Prof. F. J. H. Merrill, of Albany. The educational exhibit was one of the last to be provided for, but on September twenty-third an advisory committee of the leading educators of t\ie State was appointed, and Secretary Melvil Dewey, of the University of the State of Xew York, was made director of the educational exhibit. The Board of Genei-al Managers took upon itself the diity of bring- ing to the notice of every possible commercial exhibitor, through the agency of the district commissioners and otherwise, the importance of having the industries of the State adequately represented, and of pro- viding all needful information ; of securing by the aid of the Board of Women Managers a fitting representation of the results of women's work; of providing for the erection, equipment and maintenance, on the World's Fair grounds, of a State building iitly representing the supremacy in dignity, wealth and commercial importance of the State of Xew Y ork ; of providing for transportation, insurance and care of all exhibits ; of providing, as directed by law, for the celebration within the State of the 400th anniversary of the Columljian discovery ; and of complying with the terms of the law by preparing for the proper representation of the State at the naval review iu Xew York harbor, in April, 1893. Tlie board also immediately supervised the collection of an archaeo- logical exhibit, illustrative of the pre-historic development of the State ; a colonial exhibit ; an exhibit in the transportation department, with the aid of the State Engineer and Superintendent of Public Works :" an exhibit of the charitable, penal and eori-ectional institii- tions of the State, with the co-operation of the State Board of Chari- ties ; and a display of modern contributions to painting and sculpture in the State, with the aid of the Associated Ai-tists of Xew Yoi-k. When the board was organized no such diversity and range of duties were anticipated for it, but as the subject was developed the unlimited possibility of sliowing the material wealth of the State and of drawing attention to resources whose development and amplitude were but partially understood even by its own people, i-endered their task ardu- ous in the extreme : nothinff but the untiring- enerffv, continuous 36 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. devotion to work and expedient brain of the chief executive officer rendered a satisfactory sohition possible. At the close of the summer of 1S92 snch gratifying results had been reached as to put beyond doubt any question of success. The six months between the creation of the commission and the opening of a\itunin had been crowded with work, and the breatliing spell in the laljors of the commissioners afforded by the Columbian celebrations in New York and Chicago was richly enjoyed, for it not only saw satisfactory progress being made in every exhibit department and the New York State Building sufficiently completed for dedication, but also saw the reproach disappear that New Yorkers were unfriendlv to the fair. Keport of Board of General Managers. 37 The Columbian Celebration in Nisw York October 10-12, 1892. Under the provisions of the law creating this hoard and of those of chapter 331, relating to the celebration in the city of New York and making the rtOOth anniversary of the discovery of America, a State holiday, the date of that ol:)servaiice was fixed on the 12th of October, 1892. The act of Congress creating the World's Colnmbian Commis- sion prescribed the same date for the national celebration at Chicago and for tlie formal dedication of the exposition Ijuildings. It was deemed by this board to be desirable to prevent, if possible, any appearance of rivalry between the elaborate celebration projected in New York and that which had to take place in Chicago. It was thonght that both would be deprived of some of their lustre by being male simultaneous. Special weiglit was given to the consideration that a fitting i-epresentation of the State at both would be impossible if they occurred on the same day. New York could as little afford to deprive its own celebration of due official recognition as it could to be conspicuous by its absence from the assemblage of State ofiicers and public bodies at the place selected for tlie ceremonial having a national significance. After long consideration on the subject, Hon. John Boyd Thacher, a member of this board, publicly proj^osed that the date of the dedica- tion ceremonies in Chicago should be changed from October 12 to October 21, 1892, and gave forth the f(jllowing reasons for the change : The celebration of the landing of Columbus, which we shall observe this year, will fix that event in the American mind, especially in the mind of Young America, indelibly. When we say that Columbus landed on October twelve, we refer to the old or Julian calendar and not to the Gregorian calendar, adopted in 1582 and used throughout the Christian world except in Russia. If we are to be exact in commemorating the 400th anniversary of the Columbian discovery, our celebration must fall on the twenty-first of October, which corresponds, according to the Gregorian calendar, with the twelfth day of October of the Julian calendar. It requires tlie dropping of just nine days to make an event which is marked in the Julian calendar as happening in the fifteenth century, agree with the true astronomical, tropical date. After 1582 ten days were dropped to correct the false date or old style. Eugland did not adopt the Gregorian calendar-till 1753, when it became necessary to drop eleven days. Besides the propriety of correcting the date, we have the best of precedents in 38 New Tokk at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. American history. Forefathers' day is celebrated in New England on November nineteen, although the Pilgrims reached Plymouth November 9, 1620 ; Boston celebrates the anniversary of the fo.indatlon of the city on September seventeen, although the event occurred, according to the old calendar, on September seven. The people of Providence make a similar correction for Founders' day. Washington was born on February 1 1, 1732, yet we celebrate his birthday on the twenty-second of February, the discrepancj' between the civil and astronomical time being then eleven days. We want to imagine that it was exactly 400 years ago to a day that Columbus and his followers first saw the land of the New World. The only way to make sure of this is to find just when the longitude of the sun at this time will correspond with the longtitudc of the sun October 12, 1492. Astronomers tell us that this day in the year 1892 will be October twentj^-one. Wo shall be wrong if by the object lesson of the ceremonies at Chicago we do not fix October twenty-one as the jjrecise anniversary day of Columbus' landing. The efforts of this board were accordingly directed to obtaining from the Congress and the President of the United States a change of the date iixed ior the national anniversary. Mi-. Thaclier further elicited a consensus of opinion from historians, astronomers and public men as to the expediency of correcting, for all time, the date of Discovery day, and as to the correctness of the date of October twenty-one. The result was an almost unanimous body of testimony in favor of the change. The board requested the i-epresentatives of the State in Con- gress to favor the desired auKMulment to the law, and its members labored with the exposition directory and with legislators and public officers at Washington to bring about this result. These and other efforts had their due eft'ect, and by presidential proclamation, as well as bv amendment of the law, the national amii- versary of the discovery of America was made to conform to the accepted chronological style. This was a happy solution of the diffi-eulty, and the subsequent events proved the wisdom of the New York Board of Managers. Both celebrations were magnificent in their details, and each would have undoubtedly obscured the other in some degree if compelled to happen on the same day. Meanwhile the Committee of One ITimdred in charge of the New York celebration were preparing a magnificent j^rogramme. The law under which the committee was authorized to act is here given in full as a matter of historical reference : FIRST JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMISSION Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 39 CHAPTER 331. An Act to provide for the celebration iu ttie city of New York of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America. Approved bj' the Governor April 18, 1892. Passed, three-fifths being jjresent. The Veople of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Section 1. Within ten days after this act becomes a law the mayor of the city of New York shall select and appoint a committee of one hundred citizens of that city, which committee shall be a committee to conduct, manage and direct the celebration In the city of New York of the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America. § 2. The mayor of the city of New York, the president of the common council of the city of New York, and three members of said common council, to be selected by the common council of the city of New York, shall be ex-offlcio members of said committee. § 3. The members of said committee are hereby created a committee with i^ower and authority in the name of and in behalf of the mayor, aldermen and commonalty of said city, to make proper provisions for the celebration in said city of the discovery of America. § 4. The members of said committee shall meet in the city of New York, at a time and place specified by public notice by the mayor of said city within ten days after their appointment by the mayor. The mem- bers of said committee shall organize for the election of such officers and committees and the adoption of such rules and regulations as they shall deem expedient. § 5. Such committee shall have power to provide for an executive com- mittee, which, subject to the rules and regulations of said committee hereby created, shall have power to act in its stead, when it is not in session. A majority of said board shall constitute a quorum for the trans- action of-business, but no contract involving the expenditure of money shall be made ; no executive officer, officers or executive committee shall be appointed and no rules governing the executive officer or officers and the executive committee shall be adopted except by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all the members of said committee. Nothing herein contained, however, shall be deemed to prohibit the said committee by the two-thirds vote of all the members thereof from delegating to the executive committee the power to mike contracts involving the expendi- ture of money and to make rules and regulations for its own government and the government of the executive committee, officer or officers not in conflict with those of the board. 40 New Yoke at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. § 6. The members of the committee as appointed by the mayor shall serve until the 1st day of March, 1893, or until their successors are appointed, and such successors shall be appointed by the mayor of the city of New York within five daj's after the creation of a vacancj^ in said committee. § 7. It shall be lawful for said committee on the celebration of the dis- covery of America, with the written permission of the mayor of said city and upon such terms and conditions as he may prescribe, to use between the Sth day of October and the l^th day of October, 1892, such streets, avenues, squares and parks, iu the city of New York, as may be specified in such permit for the erection and maintenance therein of such structures as may be approved of by the said mayor, the superintendent of build- ings and the fire department of said city, to be used and employed solely for the purposes of such celebration and for such parades as said com- mittee may provide for, and the said committee, upon receiving such per- mit, shall be entitled to erect and maintain such structures on such por- tions of said streets, avenues, squares and parks for and during the period of time above specified, and shall be entitled to the exclusive possession and use of the same for the purposes aforesaid. Such permit shall be subject at any time to revocation by the said mayor. § 8. The use of said streets, avenues, sqiiares and parks for the above- mentioned purpose is hereby declared to be a public use and consistent with the public purposes for which said streets, avenues, squares and parks are held by the mayor, aldermen and commonalty of the city of New York. § 9. The board of estimate and apportionment of the city of New York is hereby authorized and empowered to appropriate a sum not exceeding $50,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, to be expended by and under the direction of said committee for the celebration of the discovery of America, which sum is to be employed iu decorating the City Hall and other buildings of the city, for a display of fireworks iu the sev- eral parks and places of the city and for other expenses of the said com- mittee in connection with said celebration, and upon such appropriation being made the comptroller of the city of New York is hereby directed to issue and sell revenue bonds of said city for the purpose of providing funds on account of such appropriation. § 10. The committee aforesaid shall immediately appoint after its organization an auditing com'.uittee of three members, whose duty it shall be to audit all bills payable on behalf of the city on account of said com- mittee, and the comptroller is hereby directed to pay out no moneys on account of such celebration unless vouchers therefor are properlj' passed Kepoet of Boaed of General Managees. -tl and audited by the entire auditing committee of the said committee of one hundred. § 11. The said committee of one hundred shall select a treasurer, who shall account to the comptroller of the city of New York for all moneys passing through his hands, and shall jjay to the comptroller of said city all monej^s received by him on behalf of said committee from rentals of stands and other income, and such moneys thus collected and paid over to the comptroller aforesaid shall be applied by him to the payment and liquidation of the bonds heretofore directed to be issued and be an offset to the account of said bonds. § 12. Tills act shall take effect immediately. CHAPTEE 332. An Act to designate October 12, 1892, the 400th anniversary of the dis- covery of America, a holiday to be observed in the acceptance and pay- ment of bills of exchange, bank checks and promissory notes, and in the closing of public offices. Approved by the Governor, April 18, 1892 Passed, three-fifths being present. Tha People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Section 1. The 12th day of October, 1882, being the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America, shall for all purposes whatsoever in respect to the presenting for payment or acceptance and of the protesting and giving notice of the dishonor of bills of exchange, bank checks and prom- issory notes, be treated and considered as the first day of the week com- monly called Sunday and a public holiday, and all such bills, checks and notes otherwise presentable for acceptance and payment on said day, shall be deemed to be presentable for acceptance and payment as is provided by law for the payment of bills, chejks, notes and otherwise due on the first day of the week called Suaday or a public holiday, and said 12th day of October, 1892, shall be considered as the first day of the week commonly called Sunday and as a public holiday for all purposes whatsoever in respect to the transaction of business in the public offices of the counties of this State. § 2. This act shall take effect immediately. The committee named by the mayor was thorouglily representative, and elected the following executive board : Ghairmam,, Hugh J. Grant, mayor. Secretary, Charles G. F. "Wahle, Jr. 6 42 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Treasurer^ J. Edward Simmons. Vice-Presidents^ Horace Porter, Cornelius Vauderbilt, Samuel D. Babeock, Charles Barsotti, Martin T. McMalion, Abraham Mead. Auditing Committee, George J. Gould, Jolm H. Starin, David Banks. The Board of General Managers, as directed l)y section 6 of chapter 23G, Laws of 1892, gave to the committee $10,000 for the benefit, of the celebration, and in addition provided for the official representation of its own members, those of the Judicial District Commissions and of the Board of Women Managers. The celebration week was ushered in by the balmiest of autumn skies, and throughout the long and varied programme not an accident occurred, not a hitch arose to mar the splendid beauty of the land and water pageants. Official Progeamme op the Columbian Celebration. Monday, October 10, 1892 : 9 A. M. Opening of the art exhibition at the National Academy of Design. 10:30 A. M. School and college parade. 8 p. M. At Carnegie Music Hall, a musical allegory, " The Triumph of Columbus." 8: 30 P. M. Fireworks from Brooklyn bridge. Tuesday, October 11 : 12: 30 p. M. Naval parade. 8 p. M. Parade of united Catholic societies. 8 p. M. Catholic celebration at Carnegie Music Hall. 8 p. M. Cantata, " Columbus," by tlie German singing societies at Seventh Regiment Armory. 8: 30 P.M. Fireworks from Brooklyn bridge. Wednesday, October 12 : 10 A. M. Military and civic parade. 4 pi M. Unveiling of Columbus monument at Eighth avenua and Fifty- ninth street. 8 p. M. Night pageant with allegorical floats and fireworks illumination^ Thursday, October 13 : 8 p. M. Public banquet at Lenox Lyceum. A volume in itself might be taken for a detailed description of the festival week, but only the barest outline of the chief events can be given here. The particular feature of Monday's programme was the .1*^. : «°w-' //"i-i^e/^i^yj s^^'n-Seibept^t^^-v^'-V. <• X. SECOND lUDIClAL DISTRICT COMMISSION Report of Board of General Managers. 43 school children's parade. From the public schools, private schools, colleges aiid universities of the city and vicinity trooped the future rulers of the metropolis, marshalled by their teachers and superintend- ents and led by the mayor himself. Full 30,000 in number, of every nationality and creed, of every condition in life, the youthful host marched past the reviewing stand in Madison square, living evidences of the force and beneticeuce of the civil and religious liberty of the land ctiscovered by the hero whose fame they celebrated. Other more showy parades there were, but none which struck deeper into the sen- sibilities of the spectators than this array of growing minds. Tuesday's great event, which drew unnumbered thousands to the shores of the bay and river, was the naval parade. The vessels swung into line below the I^arrows, and as they came up between the Staten and Long Island shores salute after salute was lired wliich were returned by the forts on either side. Spreading out into the broad bay, the war vessels of four nations led the flotilla ; of Italy, the birth- place and home of the humble Genoese sailor ; of Spain, the land of his adoption and the patron of his enterprise ; of America, his dis- covered land and the mightiest champion of the freedom and progress he died for ; and of France, America's ancient ally in the sti-uggle for constitutional liberty. In their convoy came the merchant vessels of all nations gaily dressed in the colors of their native land, mingled with those of America. Yachts and pleasure boats trinnned from hull to masthead darted in and about the moving mass adding life and color to the scene. As tlie fleet rounded Bedloe's Island under the shadow of the statue of Liberty and stood up the broad Hudson glitterhig in the rays of the soft October sun, it fornaed a sight bewildering in its quiet beauty and never to be forgotten b}' those so fortunate as to view it. The war vessels dropped anchor off Riverside Park, and the other vessels rounding to and passing in review slowly dispersed. The parade reflected the highest credit on the executive ability of its grand admiral, Commodore ' S. Nicholson Kane of the New York Yacht Club, and his able staff. The military parade of the following day, if less effective in beauty, was equally successful and impressive. A conservative estimate placed the number in line at 70,000. General Martin T. McMahon was the grand marslial and Troop A acted as his escort. In tlie right of line came tlie L^nited States regulars, including the West Point cadets, fol- lowed by the marines from the war shij)s in the harbor. Then came in 44 I^Ew York at the "Woeld's Coltimbian Exposition. order the National Guard of Isew York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Connecticut ; the Gate City Guard of Atlanta, the Grand Army of the Kepublic, the iiremen, and hundreds of civic and military societies. The procession was reviewed at Madison square by Yice-President Morton and Governor Flower, and the time occu[)ied in passing the reviewing stand was five hours and thirty minutes. President Harri- son was unfortunately detained in "Washington by the fatal sickness of his wife. The night pageant liad the added efEect of mystery and weird fan- tasy, and formed an enjoyable contrast to the pleasures of the day. Scores of allegorical floats, radiant in color, artistic and essentially original in design, passed along the line of march escorted by the jovial cohorts of Momus. Together, they formed a spectacle rarely seen in a northern city, rivaling in effect the famous Mardi Gras. The fireworks from Brooklyn bridge were a fitting close to each day's programme, and were viewed from that ideal stage by thousands assembled along the wharves and on the shipping in the harljor. The festivities of the week were ended Thursday evening, October thirteentli, by a banquet given at Lenox Lyceum. Over 400 persons were jDreseut, prominent among whom were Yice-President Morton, e.\-Presidents Hayes and Cleveland, Governor Flower, a majority of the Cabinet officers, several visiting Governors, municipal, legislative and church dignitaries from New York, Brooklyn and Chicago. The week was a memorable one, foi- it introduced the first Columbian cele- bration on a scale so grand as to fittingly celel:irate the achievements of the great discoverer, and to worthilv usher in the fetes attendant on the exposition. '5 The Dedicatoey Celebeatiox is Chicago, Octobee 19-21. 1892. In the week following the New York celebration came the national exercises at Chicago, when the buildings and grounds were tendered to the National Commission by the exposition authorities and formally accepted and dedicated to their use. It devolved on the Board of Gen- eral Managers to provide transportation, accommodation and main- tenance for all the official representatives of the State during dedica- tion week in Chicago, and to arrange and conduct the dedicatory exer- cises of the New York State Building. The aim of the board in all these matters was directed to the maintenance of the dignity of the State and to the proper assertion of the place it occupies among its Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. i5 sister Commonwealths. To do less would Lave been to receive and merit the censure of all citizens who take pride in the Empire State, and who desire to have her make to all tlie world a fitting demonstra- tion of her rank and power. As in Xew York, civic parades, fireworks, etc., were held j^revious to the anniversary. On October twenty-first, the corrected date of the discovery, a grand military parade proceeded to the Manufactures Building in Jackson Park, where the ceremonies were held. The scope of this report excludes an account of the national celebration, even though space permitted it. Grand and successful as it was in every detail, "Sew York's part is all that can properly claim our attention. In the civic parade of October twentieth, no more hearty greetings were bestowed on any State's representatives than on Governor Flower and the Xew York delegati(jii as they rode jjast the cheering thousands. In the military parade of the twenty-first, the Governor and his staff were escorted by Troop A, Xew York's famous cavalry company, and pi'esented a distinct and attractive feature in the line of march. And within the vast Manufactures Building, where a lauuan sea of 120,000 people were assembled, Vice-President Levi P. Morton, of Xew York, presided over the literary exercises of the day, while another of Xew York's sons, Chauncey ^f. Depew, delivered the Columbian oration. At the banquets, receptions and public ceremonies Xew York ^vas Chicago's honored guest, and if there remained in one stubborn breast even a remnant of previous distrust, it melted undei' the glowing piide in a national success t(j wliicli each was a co-contributor. IJedication of Xew York's Buildikg. On Saturday, October twenty-second, many of the States dedicated their official residences at the fair, Xew Y(jrk among the number. Although the contract for erecting the building had not been signed till June third, such rapid work had been done in the four and one- half months that the house was sufficiently completed to accommodate the Xew York delegation and the large numlier uf invited guests assembled. Governor Flower, his staff, the Board of Managers, and the Exposition dignitaries were escorted in carriages from the city ti> the park bv Troop A, while the remaindei- of the delegation came down hy special train. The exercises were held in the banquet hall, which was handsomely trimmed and decorated for the occasion. The best talent in the State had been called into requisition for the ceremonies, and so 46 New York at tiik ^Yukld's Columbian Exposition. gi'aoefnlly and appropriately were all things done and said, that this record would not he complete without their preservation. Pkogrammk of Ceremonies of Dedication of New Yoek State BtriLD- iNG, October 22, 1892. Music Orchestra. Music Quartet. Prayer Rev. Simon J. McPherson, D. D., Second Presby erian Church, Cliicago. Formal assignment of buih'ling to Exposition uses Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, jiresident of tlie Hoard of General Managers of the exhibit of the State of New York. Acceptance of building on behalf of Exposition authorities Hon. George R. Davis, director-general. Music Orchestra. Address. . . .Hon. Roswell P. Flower, Governor of the State of New York. Address His Grace, the Archbishop of the State of New York. Music Quartet. Dedication poem Wni. H. McElroy. Music Orchestra. Yocal music bj- the Imperial quartet. Instrumental music bj'' Sousa's New Marine Band. Prater by the Rev. Simon J. McPherson, D. D. Oh most merciful Father, our heavenly Father, thou who art the foun- tain of life, thou who art light and love and power, our fathers' God, the Father of the spirits of all flesh, we reverently' adore and worship thee. AYe praise thee for thy gifts in providence so large and kind. We bless thee still more earnestly for thy richer gifts iu grace, as revealed in thy Son, who is the hope and prophet of our possibilities. We praise thee, our Father, amidst these symbols of joy, on this day of high dedi- cation, especially for the secure past which thou hast given to us for our country. We desire humbly to record our thanksgiving to God, and we imj.)+ore theo that thy care may render the future as secure as the past. We uplift our faces and hearts to thee to-day, for thy favors to the great State whose representatives are here now, and whose people are turning their eyes and thoughts with good will hitherward. We humbly thank thee, our Father, for thy favors during many years past, to this one of the sisterhood of States. Make her leadere in the future, we beseech thee, benignant and beneficent. We devoutly bless thee for all the achievements of men within her borders, for all their victories of the LEVI P. MURTON, Vick-Pkesident op the United States Kepoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managees. 47 past and for their mastery over nature ; and we thank thee most of all for her people, for those who in quiet ways and sheltered homes are recog- nizing thee. We beseech thee that in this sisterhood of States, symbolized by these adjacent buildings, there may be sympathy, aifection, and a common pur- pose, which God shall give as he lights the way. Bless us in our repre- sentative capacity, and may we in the days to come, immediately and in the future, be blessed as a nation, and may this State bo blessed as one of the many, the leader among her equals, for the sake of Jesus Christ. Amen. Address by the Hon. Chauncet M. Depew, as Pkbsident of thb State Board of World's Fair Commissioneks, at the Dedication of the New York State Building at Chicago, October 22, 1892. Florence of the middle ages, in the splendor of her art, the extent of her learning, the sjsread of her commerce, and the liberty of her citizens, was the electric light which illumed a century that had been shrouded in intellectual and spiritual darkness. The enterprise of her merchants, and the audacity of her sailors had penetrated so far beyond what was known of the surface of the earth as to indicate vague possibilities across the seas. Florence of the Medici created the conditions which made possible Columbus. It is eminently fitting that New York in selecting the model for her building at this great exhibition should have looked to Florence for her lesson, and that her structure should furnish the best ideals of the Renaissance. New York stands to the American continent in much the same position as did Florence to Europe in the fifteenth century, only her leadership is more difficult and more constantly contested. It was not very hard to be first when there was such general prevalence of ignorance, superstition and despotism. But in our republic culture and learning, commercial activities and all which constitute the pride of cities and the power of states, are so UTiiversally distributed among Commonwealths which form our nation, that to be the leader among such splendid examples of progress and develop- ment is, indeed, a rare distinction. Our metropolis is the center of the intellectual, the artistic, the financial and industrial activities of the new world. Our State justifies her imperial title by continuing to be greatest in population, in manufactures, in agriculture and in commerce. We have already shown our appreciation of the great discovery and the discoverer by the splendid pageant which filled our harbor and our streets during the past week. The parade of the school children illustrated the equal blessings of civil and religious liberty. It demonstrated the cordiality of 48 New Toek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. our hospitality to the exile from foreign lands, and the absorbing and assimilating power of our institutions. The Jew and the Gentile, the Catholic and the Protestant of every shade of creed, the atheist and the infidel, the agnostic and the pagan, receiving a free education from the State, marching under the same flag, keeping step to the same music, the flag of the republic and the music of the Union, exhibited the bene- ficial influences of American liberty. They were prophetic of the per- petuity of institutions founded upon just and equal laws. They revealed that marvelous process by which the raw material of Europe, when placed in the crucible of American liberty, develops patriotism and intelligent citizenship. The greatest steamships of commerce and the armored battle ships of the new navy, as they proudly ploughed through our harbor and the Hud- son, and saluted with salvos of artillery the memory of the discoverer, demonstrated the advance in navigation, commsrce and invention since 1492. Their greater significance was that the finding of the new world had emancipated the mind and conscience of man. But the national salute from the frigates of Italy and Spain to the American flag was a recognition of the historic fact that the people of the great republic had utilized for their own happiness, and the benefit of the world, the inesti- mable advantages of the new continent. The naval, the military, the civic and the allegorical j)roce3sions, told the story in object lessons of the evolution of modern civilization through the success of the little fleet of Christopher Columbus. The million or more of happy, contented and prosperous men, women anl children who viewed the parade of tho citizen soldiery, mingled with their pride in this suggestive exhibition of our resources for war, a deep and lasting gratitude for the peaceful event to which the day was dedicated. There will be a gathering during the next year in this beautiful park of the citizens of everv State of our Union, the representatives of the sister republics of North and South America and of the Dominion of Canada, and visitors from all the nations of the, globe. Some will find here hospi- tality in their national structures. Others, whose countries have no houses, will be homeless. The New Yorker, coming from any part of our State, or attracted from abroad to this spot, as he passes the portals of this building, will recognize the infinite hospitality which characterizes the Commonwealth of his birth or adoption, and will also feel in these appoint- ments, surroundings and the friends gathered here that, though far from his residence, he is at home. Through her Governor and State officers, through the commission appointed by our Legislature to see that our State was properly repre- Kepoet of Boakd of General Managees. 49 sented at this great exjjosition, we open tliis building and place it under the administration of the officers of the World's Fair. We believe that New Yorkers will recognize in its architecture and appointments some- thing worthy of their State, and foreigners will have their attention called to the marvelous growth of our great Commonwealth. Should the Euro- pean ask for a condensation in statement or in jsicture of the benefits of the discovery of America, and the resultant and greater benefits of the declaration of American independence, we would take him through this building. We would say to him: " This structure represents but one of the forty-four States of the American Union." New York contributes every year more for the education of her people, more iu charity and benevolence for the relief of the helpless, the injured and the maimed, has greater facilities for the transportation of her citizens and her products, is further advanced in the arts, in the sciences aid in the inventions, pos- sesses greater wealth, more extensive and valuable commerce, could raise and put into the field a more efficient army, and upon the seas a more powerful navy, than all Europe could have done at the time Columbus sailed from Palos. When Abelard, that brilliant teacher and unfortunate genius of the dark ages, began to teach, thousands of students frotn every country gathered about him. They were eager to learn and to know the truths which had so long been denied them. Here, on the shores of this great lake, within this inclosure, and in these mammoth buildings will be an international university. Peoples of all the earth will flock to it, and its teachings will be felt for all the time to come in every corner of the globe. It will instruct the American first of all in the greatness, the glory, the productiveness and the possibilities of his own country; but it will teach him also the needed lesson that other nations possess their own peculiar excellencies and have also made great advances in the arts and liberty. As each race presents here its developed resources and shows in what respect it. may be superior to all others, the sum of human perfection gathered from many countries will become the common property of all the world. By the glorious memory of Peter Stuyvesant and his successors in the gubernatorial office, by the cosmopolitan spirit of oar city, by the broad hospitality of our State which has always welcomed the immigrant, educated him to our standard and conferred upon him our citizenship, and on behalf of my associates in the commission, I give this building to the uses of the fair during its existence. Afterward I trust it may be the dwelling place of our New York spirit as the club of our people who have settled in the West. 50 New Yokk at the "VVoeld's Columbian Exposition. Addebss of Major M. P. Handy, in place of the Director-General, ON Behalf of the National Committee. Governor Flower^ Ladies and Gentlemen : Ton can regret no more sincerely than do I that the director-general of the World's Columbian Exposition is not here in person to present his homage to the great State of New York, and to present his congratula- tions and felicitations to the sons of New York upon the event which has brought us together. Summoned at a half an hour's notice to discharge this duty in his name, you will hardly expect me to say more than to discharge simply the duty that has been assigned me. New York has always been at the front, and certainly not on this day of all days would any State of the Union or any citizens of the United States ask her to take anything but the frontest of front seats. New York was thought at one time a little slow in coming to the rescue of the World's Fair, but there were those, and they were many in this city and throughout the country (and among them none more conspicious than the directoi--general in whose name I now appear), there were those, I say, who knew that it was only a ques- tion of time. That imperial State has a habit of doing in her own imperial and imperious way, and if she followed her own sweet, imperious will in this matter, we have no right to complain, provided she got there at last. It has been known to those who have been in the councils of the exposition from the first that to New York and to many other States we are indebted for much that is noble in our work. It was to the bril- liant brain of a New Yorker that we are indebted for the plan which shall make these exposition grounds most notable in the future for their landscape beauty. When the buildings were to be constructed, we went to New York and selected architects for four of the buildings which to-daj' you admire so much, and which shall remain for all time, if not in form, in the historjr of the exposition, as a monument to what New York architects can do. In the councils of the exposition from the first Now York has been jjotent through the members of her National Commission. Yesterday in the ceremonies which we will all remember to our last days, a New Yorker was most conspicuous, a gifted and able son of New York, because by reason of his high estate he took a most prominent position, and it was his voice that, under the most trying conditions that ever faced an orator, dedicated these grounds and these buildings to the good of humanity. When the grand procession passed through the streets of our city no man was received by the populace with more applause than the excellent son of New York, her chief executive. THIRD JUDICIAL DISTRICT CuMMlSSlON Hepoet of Boaud of Genkeal Managers. 51 So New York from the first has been to the front, and if the ceremonies of this week are to be remembered more for one thing than for another, it will be from the fact that the marvelous orator from New York raised his voice to the deliver^^ of the Columbian oration. Mr. President, Gov. Flower, Ladies, Gentlemen, my duties are very slight. The director- general regrets extremely his inability to be here. Nothing but an important summons from a national body of which he is an officer would have prevented him from taking his part in the programme. In his name, by his authority, I have the honor to accept this beautiful building on behalf of the exposition company; and in the name of Chicago, of the exposition company, of the National Commission, I promise co-opera- tion to the fullest extent in keeping it inviolate to the great purpose to which it is to be devoted. Addeess of Gov. Roswell P. Flower. Mr. Chairman, and Fellow-citizens of New York and Illinois ; On behalf of the citizens of New York, I am here to-day, with other civil and militarj^ officers of our State, to give formal expression to the interest which our people feel in this national undertaking, and to dedicate the beautiful structure which her munificence has contributed to the architecture of this exposition. I consider it a proud honor that, as Executive of the greatest State in the Union, I am permitted at this Columbian anniversary to bear her message of greeting and good-speed to the promoters of so praiseworthy a national celebration. As chief participant among the States in the material and intellectual advantages which Columbus' discovery gave to civilization. New York should be, and is, the gladdest participant in this exhibition of the New "World's marvelous growth and development during four centuries. So interested was she in its success that she struggled hard for permission to hold the exposition within the borders of her own territory, but, though she failed in that, her interest is none the less intense, and, with the unselfishness of true patriotism, she is joining hands with Illinois in a noble endeavor by this undertaking to promote the glory and prosperity of our common country. We trust that the representation which her government and her citizens will have upon these grounds will vividly illustrate the story of New York's proud growth and add new lustre to her recognized supremacy. The earliest settlement by white men, within the limits of what is now the State of New York, was a trading post at the southern 'end of Man- hattan Island. From that beginning has grown the greatest city of the continent, and the site of the first rude log cabin, built by adventurous 52 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. Hollanders, is to-day the very kernel of the commercial metropolis of the Union. The center of population in New York city has moved far up the island, and the splendid emporiums of its local trade are invading districts, where, in the memory of men still living, the sportsman went to seek for quail and woodcock. But for the metropolitan district — the greater New York — the center alike of population and of commercial activity remains at this hour where that bold Amsterdam skipper. Captain Adrian Block, placed it 279 years ago. What the lower end of Manhattan Island is to the 3,000,000 of people living around it, that the State and city of New York are in a certain degree to the people of the United States. With each successive census the center of population of the Union has been shown to have shifted westward along the thirty-ninth parallel from the seventy-sixth to the eighty-fifth degree of longitude. It was eighteen miles west of Baltimore in 1800, and it is found to be twenty miles east of Columbus, IncJ., in 1890. But the heart that keeps the life blood of commerce circulating through the veins and arteries of this great republic is where it was when the years of American jjrogress were few, and where it will be when they are counted by centuries. New York owes much to the development of the great West, but that development also owes much to New York. When the American colonies were a fringe of sparsely peopled communities stretched along the Atlantic seaboard, there were provinces for which a greater future might have been predicted than for New York, and cities that bade fair to lead in the race for wealth the bustling port on the Hudson. But when the colonies had become self-governing States, and the tide of migration began to pass beyond the mountain barrier and overflow into the valley of the Missis- sippi, the future greatness of New York was assured. For here was a new domain, broad as the continent of the older world, and far more fertile, to which New York supplied both entrance and outlet, and with whose growth in wealth and population its own were bound to grow. Henceforth the rank of New York among American Commonwealths was as little doubtful as that of the parent seat of its trade among American cities. New York was formed by nature to be, the Empire State of the Union. The ocean tides that sweep from the Atlantic into the noblest of American harbors are felt deep in the heart of the State. The sea has cleft the backbone of the continent for a path for the commerce of New York, and the level sweep of the western prairies broadens out from the valley of the Mohawk. In war and in peace our State has held the gateway of the continent. It was so when the red man owned, the soil, and when the Keport of Boaed or Geneeai- Makagees. 53 Iroquois confederacy dictated to subject tribes from the lakes to the gulf; it will be so when the net- work of the roads of commerce by land and water are to those of our time as ours are to those of the stage coach and the pack mule. As Henry Hudson sailed up the noble stream that the aborigines called " the river of the mountains," he thought that here, indeed, must be the strait between two oceans, the long sought for northwest passage to India. But thoug^i he found " as beautiful a land as the foot of man can tread on," he little dreamed that this was the passage to an empire which had in store for coming generations riches beyond the treasure of far Cathay. It took more than a century for men to grasp the significance of the discovery of Columbus, and it was another two centuries before it was fairly dedicated to its destined use. For this virgin continent, that the navigators of Europe had stumbled on in their search for a short cut to Asia, had a larger part to play in the drama of human history than to be merely a new battle ground for old world quarrels, and a new sphere of ambition for old world dynasties. It had been reserved through all the ages to give man a new opportunity to show that he is worthy to be free, and to enable him to work out on the grandest scale in history a scheme of liberty, com- bined with order, which should stand as an example and an encourage- ment to all the world beside. Time has verified with marvelous accuracy the jjrediction of the Irish poet, recorded about 150 years ago, and familiar now to every school boy : " Westward the course of empire takes its way ; The four first acts already past, A fifth shall close the drama with the day ; Time's noblest offspring is the last." In this great enterprise New York has nobly borne her share. The pro- test of her provincial Legislature against the stamp act is recorded to have breathed a spirit more bold and decided than that from any other colony. It was within her borders that the first scheme of colonial union was for- mulated, and there also assembled the first provincial Congress to prepare the ground for the fair edifice of American liberty. The first State Con- stitution of New York has been universally accorded the very highest rank among the written instruments of human freedom. Her share in the mak- ing of the Federal Constitution was no less important than honorable, and the stand which she took to defend the sovereign rights of the smaller States against influences that would have given the States of her .own rank an overmastering influence over the general government, has been, with justice, called the noblest passage in her history. 54 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Toleration and compreliensiveness have been stamped on the administra- tion of public affairs in New York from the earliest period, and history has fairly given her credit for these. But the credit she deserves for a magnanimous disinterestedness is neither so freely admitted nor so well understood. It is not alone in the records of the Constitutional Conven- tion, or in the part she bore in the struggle which preceded it, that the evidence of this is to be found. In conceiving and executing what was then regarded as the gigantic project of uniting Lake Erie and Lake Champlain with the Hudson river, New York conferred on the whole country a benefit whose value has never been fully estimated, and one not to be offset by any immediate gain to herself. At the present day the construction of the Erie canal has ceased to be a marvel, but at the time of its commencement, seventy-five years ago, it stood as the greatest public enterprise of modern history. It was a work of national, nay of international imj)ortance, and its magnitude challenged the attention of the world. Yet it was undertaken, singly and unaided, by a State whose finances had barely recovered from the effects of a war which had increased the burden of her debt and paralyzed her commerce, and whose entire population was less than that of the city of Chicago to-day. At the celebration of the completion in 1825 of this great undertaking, Philip Hone, the mayor of New York city, reminded his hearers, in a strain of pardonable pride and exultation, that this was exclusively a State work. He said : " In its infancy its feeble hands were in vain extended to the general government for aid and support, and the State of New York, unaided, unsupported, and relying only upon ils own energies and the patriotism of its own citizens, began with zeal, prosecuted with spirit, and has now successfully completed an enterprise which seemed to require the power and the resources of an empire to accomplish." New York, doubtless, had her reward, but it was because in uniting the great lakes with the Atlantic she was doing a much greater service to the country at large than could be measured by any immediate gain to herself. " Now," said the men of that day, " the time is near at hand when the minerals of the mountains and the rich products of a fertile soil, ' where prowls the wolf and the huntsman roves,' will jointly increase domestic and foreign commerce, and pour wealth into the lap of industry." " Here- after our wheat will compete in the European markets with that of Poland and Odessa, and a commerce be established important to the merchant and beneficial to the agriculturist." Or, rising to a higher elevation, they found matter for congratulation in the fact that " the canal removes the cloud which hung over our interminable forests ; and the philanthropist and patriot are no longer pained with the idea of the greater portion of our w :si^ _ yj FOURTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMISSION Eepoet of Boaed of General ]Maxagees. 55 empire containing seignories of wild beasts, or coverts for banditta and a refuge for criminals." Or still more sweeping in its flight and penetrating in its vision was the oratory which discerned in the Great Western canal a stronger tie than that of a national compact, and which haUed it as destined to secure and consolidate forever the union of these States. " Thus," in the words of William Bayard, of New York, " our republican institutions will be preserved, the example of a representative government founded on the people's will, be maintained in its pristine purity, and the once fond wish of the patriot be realized, in the unsullied perpetuity of our Constitution." When the Erie canal was constructed, the agriculture of New York was flourishing, and her western counties were still but partially redeemed from the virgin forest. The canal rendered possible and profitable the settlement of the valley of the Ohio, and the process of Western com- petition, which was then begun, has ended by making it unprofitable to pursue the course of crops and husbandry on which New Yorkers throve sixty years ago. Nevertheless, we shaU be able to demonstrate to the world at this Columbian Exposition that our agricultural products are greater in qiiantity and more varied in kind than those of any other State in the Union. New York is preparing a display of cereals whose quality wall challenge comparison with any ; it has over a hundred varieties of grasses to place on exhibition, and its hojss, tobacco, hemp and flax will make to every intelligent observer a most impressive show. It will contribute its full share to the live stock exhibit, and its dairy products will be presented on a scale commensurate with their magnitude and excellence ; the sugars, the syrups, the honey, contributed by the State, will not lack adequate representation. The exposition will be plentifully embellished by the most beautiful specimens of its gardeners' art, and the enormous pro- portions and value of its fruit culture will be made plain vo the dullest apprehension. It is not generally known that, leaving out the fruits of Florida and California, the orchards of the State produce more than those of all the other States combined, and that in money value to the grower the grape crop of California must yield to that of New York. Even the nutritious and fortifying bean, from whose consumption a neighboring Commonwealth is supposed to derive so much of its characteristic mental and physical activity, is peculiarly a New York product, two or three counties of our State growing as much of it as all the rest of the country together. I venture to hope that the striking exhibit that will be made of our diversified agriculture will not be lost on those New York farmers who have not learned how easy it is to escape the ruinous competition of the 56 l^Ew York at the "World's Columbiax Exposition. West in the great food staples, by adapting themselves to the demands of domestic markets that the State has within its own borders. There was a time, which some of us may live to see again, when the wheat and corn- fields of New York yielded a good living to those who cultivated them. But for the last quarter of a century it has been up-hill work for grain farms in New York to make both ends meet. Among the lessons which the department of agriculture at this great exposition can yield to those who bring any intelligence to the study of what it will have to show, not the least valuable will be that which demonstrates in how many ways much of the soil of New York can be made to give a better return for the labor bestowed on it than it does now. The rock formation of the State is a complete epitome of that of the whole country below the coal measures, and its geological exhibit will be, perhaps, the most striking of any which will be seen in the Hall of Mines. New York has the only fluid saline deposit in America, and the salt crystals of Herkimer county will make an appropriate centerpiece for the mineral exhibit of the State. We have iron and lead, granite and marble, slate, gypsum and marl, to place in the commercial category of our mineral resources, and one of the best equipped State museums in the country, from which to draw specimens of scientific interest. The forest products of the State will be shown as they have never been before. Short as has been the time available for the preparation of these char- acteristic exhibits of the material greatness of the State, they will be found to show no marks of haste and to be above the reproach of scantiness. Representing ten per cent of the population of the United States, six- teen per cent of the assessed valuation of their property, and probably twenty per cent of their actual wealth. New York may be fairly expected to have in the great buildings before us, commercial exhibits worthy of her place in the Union. When the doors of the World's Columbian Exposition are thrown open next May, this expectation will be found to be fully verified. The number of her individual exhibitors is likelj" to exceed 2,000, and the range of the products which they will show is as broad as the industries of the United States. In New York city we have the greatest manufacturing community in the country ; and if the circle be enlarged so as to include the wide area of the metropolitan district, we have, within a radius of twelve miles from the City Hall of New York, an aggregation of productive effort which for variety and value can hardly be matched in the world. This will have its due representation in the appropriate departments here, and though the contributions of this great hive of industry cannot be grouped together according to their place of Eeport of Boaed of General Managers. 57 origin, the records of the fair can hardly fail to bear eloquent testimony to the energy, enterprise and skill of the metropolis of workers that sur- rounds the harbor of New York. Art and literature have yielded in all ages to the attracting force of great cities, and our time shows but few exceptions to the rule. New York is the chosen home of American art ; beyond its limits the accepted representatives of native painting and sculpture are comparatively few. Of the'34,000 square feet of wall space reserved in the Art Palace for the pictures of the United States painted in the last sixteen years, the larger portion will, therefore, be occupied by the work of New York artists. No more valuable exhibits than these will be intrusted to the care of the exposition authorities, and none with which the prompting of mere com- mercial profit will have less to do. The State recognizes the fact that its own credit demands an adequate presentation of the fine arts nourished within its borders, and its assistance has been freely given to provide for the safe transportation of works that, in many cases, represent the sole possessions of their makers. Equally imperative has been the obligation of the State to be adequately represented in the educational exhibit of the exposition. Our ijublic school system was one of the first established in the Union, and we believe that there is no more congruousl}' developed system in the country to-day. It is a great work, this of showing the whole field of scholastic education from the lowest primary grade to the academy, the normal school and the college, of illustrating the methods that jirevail in it, and of preparing specimens of what it yields. The mere collection and arrangement of samples of the work of pupils from all parts of New York is a task of uncommon magnitude, and is one that can only be done by those wielding the delegated authority of the State. But it has been committed to capable hands ; and I do not think that in this sphere of civic effort New York will have any cause to blush for the results of com- parison with her neighbois in the department of liberal arts. The University of the State of New York, an agency for the promotion of higher education, without a counterpart in any other State of the Union, will make a comprehensive showing of its mode of operation. The leading colleges of the State will have independent exhibits of a kind infe- rior to none of their associates in the work of academic culture. Our chief technical schools, our institutions for the education of the blind, and the deaf and dumb, as well as the reformatories of the State, will have proper representation here. So will the great public hospitals and asylums, those monuments of private beneficence and State and muaicipal charity, which are not the least of the glories of New York. 8 58 New Yoek at the "World's CoiATjimAN Exposition. We shall be able to point to this building in which you are assembled as New York's most beautiful exhibit. I count it a pride and privilege to dedicate, as I do now by the prerogative of my office, this fair structure to the reception and convenience of New Yorkers visiting the fair, and to the entertainment of all to whom the State may extend its hospitality. The plan of this building down to the minutest detail of its lavish orna- mentation is a birth of the same time, an outcome of the same spirit that sent Columbus on his voyage, and enlarged no less the scope of human intelligence than the boundaries of the habitable globe. It belongs to the period of the new birth of learning and of art, when the torpor of centu- ries was thrown off and the history of modern civilization began. In the republics of Italy, whose merchants were princes, palaces, of which this is the similitude, were built while Columbus was brooding over his enterprise of wresting its secret from the western sea. In such abodes did men live whose wealth was fed by countless rills of peaceful traffic from three con- tinents, and in such were luxury and display tempered by a discriminating taste in art, and by a sense of the obligations of a stirring and elevating public life. Our State building stands for some of the noblest ideals that commerce ever fostered or civic pride ever maintained, and it is, therefore, a most fitting representation of the visible presence of New York at the approaching congress of nations. To that gathering New York will come, bringing the best she has, whether of the bounty of nature or the art of man. In the pride with which the whole country may justly regard the greatest, the most compre- hensive and the most impressive of all international exhibitions. New York will fully participate. The lustre which the World's Fair will shed upon the city by whose energy and enterprise it has been promoted. New York will do her utmost to enhance. There will be neither East nor West, North nor South in this magnificent displaj' of the gathered fruits of human pro- gress at the close of the nineteenth century. Neither sectional nor munici- pal jealousy can have a place in a celebration whose grandeur all the world is helping to swell, and in which all the world will participate. A gener- ous fivaliy can alone have place in our people's effort to show that they have not been unfaithful to the responsibilities laid upon them, and that they have not been careless stewards of the heritage which, through the centuries, was prepared for the great republic of the west. ■Vl? v-;* FIFTH JUDICIAL UISTRICT COMMISSION Kepoet of Board of Gexekal ^IaxactEes. 59 Address op His Grace, the Most Reterbkd M. A. Coreigan, D. D., Archbishop of New York. Your Excellency, Ladies and Gentlemen : Four hundred years ago, Columbus, sailing in the soft southern seas of the Bahamas, first touched the soil of the New World. Day by day, afterwards, as in that limpid atmosphere, amid the luxuriant verdure of the tropica, new beauties captivated his admiring gaze, his enthusiasm rose higher and higher, and he marveled how any one, who once visited that charming spot, could tear himself away from such an earthly paradise. Thus, in his diary for the 21st of October, 1492, he saj's : "All these objects fill me with astonishment and admiration, and seem as if they ought to retain in this abode every man who has once beheld them." Fascinat- ing as was that scene of loveliness, could his eyes scan America to-day, resplendent with the best products of human industry, and teeming with inexhaustible resources, could he witness the rich results of his discovery, with all their untold future development superadded, his soul, thrilling with ecstatic pride, could not contain its unbounded gratitude to God. To us it is given to behold, in its full splendor, what Columbus, like another Moses on the borders of the land of promise, could only discern in dim and distant outline. And, therefore, appreciating this fact, with Italy, the land of his birth, with Spain, the land of his adoption, with the other nations of the globe, who are debtors to his daring, we gladly swell the universal chorus in his honor, of praise and of thanksgiving. To-day everything combines to make this quadri-centennial celebration peculiarly appropriate. Obstacles that existed a hundred years ago have happily disappeared. A century ago the ocean separated us bj' a journey of seventy days from Europe ; our self-government, whose unparalleled success has since electrified the world, was looked upon as a problem of uncertain solution ; at home facilities of travel and of intercommunication were yet to be provided. More than this, the disparaging innuendoes, the base as well as baseless charges, against the fair fame of Columbus, had not yet been removed by patient historical research and critical acumen. Fortunately these clouds have since been almost entirely dis- pelled, thanks especially to the initiative of a son of our Empire State — the immortal Washington Irving. But most of all, the name and the fame of Columbus, and the story of his life will bo proclaimed throughout the world by the proceedings solemnly inaugurated yesterday, and to continue and culminate in the exposition to be held in this phenomenal and tyjji- cal American city. Coming from abroad to Chicago, the visitor will be puzzled which most to admire, the magnificence of the World's Fair 60 New Toek at the Wokld's CoLxrsnsiAN Exposition. buildings, with the bewildering display of American ingenuity, or the no less impressive public spirit that called them into being. In either case he will pay a tribute to the genius of the country in which patriotism knows no distinction of race or of creed, in which popular intelligence is diflFused as the sunshine, and the blessings of education are oj)en to all like the air we breathe, while the lesson of Columbus' life is taught by every day's experience, that honest toil and perseverance, and the patient abiding by one's convictions, when founded on reason and in truth, will infallibly reap their rich reward. In the limited time placed at my disposal I can invite your attention to two points only in the character of Columbus. Judging him from the stand- point of the fifteenth century', which is undoubtedly the true philosophic standard, I beg to present him as a man of science, and a man of faith. As a scientist, considering the times in which he lived, he eminently deserves our respect. Both in theory and in practice he was one of the best geographers and cosmographers of the age. According to reliable historians, before he set out to discover new seas, he had navigated the whole extent of those already known, Moreover, he had studied so many authors, and to such advantage, that Alexander von Humboldt — certainly no mean authority — -affirms : " When we consider his life, we must feel astonishment at the extent of his literary acquaintance." Again he writes, " at the beginning of a new epoch, on the uncertain border land between the middle ages and modern times, this great figure dominates the age whose impulses he felt, and which he vivified in turn." In another work, Humboldt notes that students in almost every department of science, as physics, geology, anthropology, astronomy, philology and navigation, will everloe indebted to Columbus. And he adds, "the majesty of great mem- ories seem to be concentrated in his name. It is the originality of his vast conception, the extent, the fecundity of his genius, the courage opposed to long misfortunes, that have raised the admiral above all his contemporaries." Again, the scientist appears in this, that in the domain of nature and of positive fact, Columbus took nothing for granted. Tlie persistent oppo- sition of the most erudite professors of the day did not disconcert him. While he bowed reverently to the teachings of faith, he brushed away as cobwebs certain interpretations of Scripture, more fanciful than real, which were alleged against him, and calmly maintained that the word of God cannot be in conflict with scientific truth. As a scientist again he was conscious of the grandeur and the untold promise of his discovery. He recognized, to use the phrase of "Voltaire, that he was " doubling creation." Thus, writing to Ferdinand and Isa- bella, after his arrest by Bobadilla, he says: " The lands, which here obey Report of Board of General Majstagees. 61 your highnesses, are more extensive and richer than all Christendom put together." In 1500 he wrote to Donna Juana Delia Torre, "through the Divine will I have placed already under the dominion of our lords the King and th ) Queen another world, whereby Spain, that was poor, is now made exceeding rich." His contemporaiies often use sim.ilar language, speaking explicitly of the " New World," as Harrisse's Columbian Bibli- ography abundantly demonstrates. A man of such calibre is no mere adventurer, nor a buccaneer. The result of the studies of a lifetime can- not be accounted a simple streak of good luck, or a " sublime blunder." And now let us consider our hero as exemplifying his name. In the cathedrals of Spain, as you enter the vast portals^ you generally find painted on the wall a colossal picture of St. Christopher, at times some thirty feet high, as, for instance, in the cathedral of Seville. For some unexplained reason the old Spaniards were very fond of this subject. Columbus must often have gazed on such representations. At all events, the project of bearing Christ over the waters sank deep into his heart. Time and again he alludes to it as the main object of his researches and the aim of his labors. Other motives of action undoubtedly he had, but they were means to an end. His diary opens with the avowal of his grand purpose. The record of the great discovery is accompanied with a similar declaration, and in various other passages of his journal the same project appears, like a dominant note in music, always present in the composer's mind, even though not always heard. In the account of his third voyage we read: "May our Lord grant your highnesses long life and health and tranquillity in order that they may pursue so noble an enterprise, in which it seems to me that God receives great service, Spain increases its grandeur and all Christians receive much consolation and pleasure, because the name of our Lord shall be spread throughout this country." This statement is cor- roborated, as is well known, by the declaration contained in the last will of Queen Isabella. Again, can the historian assign any other motive so powerful as this for the deeji interest of the prior of La Rabida, of the various Franciscan and Dominican friars, as well as of the great cardinal of Spain, who so earnestly pleaded Columbus' cause before the Spanish sov- ereigns ? Moreover, may we not reasonably assume that the great navi- gator after all was a willing instrument in the hands of G-od ? Consider the times. The old order was changing. Three great inventions, already beginning to exert a most potent influence, were destined in time to revo- lutionize the world; the printing press, which led to revival of learning; the use of gunpowder, which changed the methods of warfare; the mari- ner's compass, which permitted the sailor to tempt boldly even unknown seas. These three great factors of civilization, each in its own way, so 62 New Yoek at the World' fs Columbian Exposition. stimulated human thought that the discovery of America was plainly in the designs of that providence which " reacheth from end to end mightily and ordereth all things sweetly." Once more, take God's dealings with the human race, as illustrated in the central fact of all history, the incar- nation of his Son. The promise of the Redeemer runs through the Scrip- tures of the Old Testament as a thread of gold in a tangled web. When all seems most forbidding, the gracious promise is most clearly renewed. For instance, Abraham is told of the wonderful increase of his posterity, when in the order of nature he could not hope for issue; and later on he is bidden to sacrifice Isaac, through whom the promise was to be accom- plished. Just as all seems hopelessly lost, an angel stays the father's uplifted arm, and the patriarch receives the divine assurance: "I will multiply thy seed as the stars of heaven and as the sand by the seashore, and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed." So it is time and again in the life of Columbus. All seemed dark and hopeless; for instance, when, after years of weary negotiation, the court finally refused his demands, and he was sorrowfully bidding adieu to Spain forever, Santangel unexpectedly persuades the Queen to yield to his con- ditions. Later on, when he could not induce a single sailor of Palos to make the fearful venture across the dark ocean, at the last moment Pinzon comes forward and the caravels are speedily equipped. Returning from his first voyage of discovery, in all the glory of his success, a horri- ble storm overtakes his frail bark. All on board consider destruction imminent. The next morning, to their glad surprise, the sailor on watch at the masthead exclaims: "Land! land!" In fact these unexpected rescues came so often and so regularly in the history of Columbus that we cannot but conclude that the Lord for his own wise purpose was with him, and evidently not for his own sake alone but for ours as well. And if the Lord had mercy for the sake of the thousands and millions of souls who are to serve him, not only in this glorious republic but throughout the length and breadth of America, may we not reverently repeat the admiral's prayer: " O Lord, eternal and almighty God, who by tliy holy word didst create the heavens, the land and the seas, hallowed and glorified be thy name; praised be thy majesty, which has vouchasfed to suffer thy holy name, by the work of thy humble servant, to be made known and proclaimed in this new part of the world." And since we are here to thank God and commemorate his servant, may we not also ask that the blessing which brought Columbus safe through all his journeys may rest on us too, and on this building, and on our beloved State — the blessing of God Almighty, Father, Son and Holy Ghost, to whom be praise and glory forever. /7°ij f/ii.CfAp: r\WDepl:.l1.TI]ur5L"i?. dh^ SIXTH JUDICIAL Ulblklcl COMMISSION Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 63 DEDICATION POEM : TWO PICTURES. By William H. McElrot. I. There's a picture tlie ages shall cherish till time has been shorn of his might, And dawns the unspeakable morning which never is vanquished by night, No shrine ever builded by mortals that wonderful picture shall hold, It shalf hang in the Pantheon peerless, that's builded of memory's gold! At the gate of the Heaven-kissed convent where want never pleaded in vain. In the beautiful land of the Virgin, the heart of the garden of Spain, A stranger is timidly knocking who begs, as he humbles his head, For the child whose hand he is holding, " Good friars, a morsel of bread." Impoverished, unhonored, unfriended, he wanders a pilgrim forlorn. His pathway resounds with the laughter and bleeds with the briers of scorn. So wearied and baffled behold him, an exile, derided, reviled, As he stands at the gate of the convent, beseeching a crust for his child. The blessed Franciscans console him, the arms of their love open wide. They succor with Christ-like compassion the child pressing close to his side. But the pity they feel for the beggar dies out in o'er-whelming surprise. As they see that tome vision transcending suffuses with rapture his eyes. Then the prior, soft speaking adjures him, this beggar of mystical mien, " Thy vision — we pray thee, unfold it ; what is it thy spirit has seen ? Thine eyes are beholding a glory — hast climbed where the Law-giver trod ? Has the firmameDt read thee its riddles, hast stood in the presence of God ? " The beggar smiles calm on the friars, and, moved by their earnest behest, Slow turns and with infinite yearning looks sadly and long at the west ; Then he answers, " Wouldst know of my vision? Good fathers, I hear and obey — I've seen it, I seek it, I'll find it, the way leading west to Cathay ! " That vision ujjlifts and sustains me, it shines with so ardent a glow, Each mount of despair as it rises is gone, like the sun-smitten snow ; And, lo, the delectable mountains I seem to be treading the while. Whose summits are crimson for ever with Heaven's ineffable smile." That picture the ages shall cherish, its colors fade not with the years. Humanity turns to it fondly and cons it through tenderest tears ; Behold him, the marvelous dreamer, behold him, the jeered and reviled. As he stands at the gate of the convent, beseeching a crust for his child ! 6i New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. II. Here, here, where the juhilant nations their sheaves of rejoicing shall bring, While the continent echoes and echoes the harvest home anthems they sing, There shall grow on the canvas of Fancy a picture of sunnier hue, A picture which charms and refreshes like Italy's heaven of blue. Be its place by the side of the beggar, this figure of matchless renown. Round his head like a halo are beaming the stars of his Fate-wrested crown, Still his eyes the old rapture suffuses, a glory outshining the sun, And his face is the face of the martyr who's f ouglit a good fight and has won. He shall loom in our glorious pageant, as over the valley arise The heights of the piuacled Jungfrau which melt in the waves of the skies ; The wide world shall render him homage, shall name him its bravest and best. As here in his splendid fruition be greets the proud Queen of the West ! And lo, while the plaudits are sounding, a rustle of wings we shall hear, The curtains of cloud-land shall open, a presence celestial appear ; 'lis the conquering goddess of Progress, descending with ardor aflame, Columbus her hero of heroes, the first of her knights, she shall name. With the soul's subtle sight we shall see them, shall hail them each festival «3ay, They shall saunter from temple to temple approving each brilliant array, They shall kindle with joy at the treasures heaped high in the garners- of Peace, And yearn for that civilized morrow when Warfare forever shall cease. Mayhap if we listen attentive, from the hero's own lips we shall hear. As he talks to the conquering goddess, the tale of his dauntless career. O epic of courage sublimest, fate left him in darkness to grope, No^pillar, no star gave him guidance, but only the beacon of hope. And alway and alway the goddess shall beam with a passionate pride. On her darling whose steps she's attending, serene in his place at her side — Not fonder the look of the pilgrim, the beggar derided, reviled. As he turned at the gate of the convent and gazed on the face of his child. These joy-bedecked scenes shall endure not, the harvest home anthems shall cease, ■ Too soon at the touch of Time's finger shall vanish this triumph of Peace, Kepoet of Board of General Managees. 65 But the music of memory lingers, time threatens her structures in vain, All castles the ages shall crumble, save the shimmering castles of Spain. The beggar forlorn at the convent, the ages' invincible knight, These pictures shall cheer and admonish till time shall be shorn of his might, And ever to him who regards them, though hope may have mocked him, they'll say, " Take heart — from the darkness that's thickest, there blossoms the ravishing day!" IIL O Progress, with thy restless eyes, Sleepless as fate and tireless as the sun, Thou mighty mother of the world's emprise, Here where we bring the trophies thou hast won, Bend thou thine ear and list to our acclaim. Stay thy imperial march by land and sea. While this fair temple, vocal with thy name, We dedicate to thee ! Whatever shall show mankind That, spite of history's lying page. Not buried in the years behind, But forward lies the golden age ; Whatever here shall worthiest stand, The boon of ages yet to be. Best fruitage of the brain and hand, We dedicate to thee ! Whatever here shall truest teach How the round world may wiser grow — The clearer eye, the wider reach, The rule of Heaven here below ; What'er makes learning's touch so bright, Or wides the boundaries of the free. The jewels of our emjjire's might We dedicate to thee ! ft 66 I4ew Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Work of the Winter Months 1S92-1S93. On the return of the Board of General Managers from the Cokiin- bian celebrations, work was taken np by the commissioners and department chiefs with renewed energy. Indeed, it might well be argued that the holding of the dedication six months in advance of the fair was of the highest benefit to the exposition, apart from its historical significance, for the i-eason tliat representatives from every State and majiy foreign nations were present, who freely interchanged vie-wB as to tlie scope and possibilities of the exposition and the nature of {he work ah'eady undertaken by them. Furthermore, it was readily appreciated by all that the magnificent scale on which the grounds and buildings were planned was the type of the fair, and that to occupy an honorable place in the exhibit departments meant unremitting labor for the remainmg six months, it is safe to assert that the exhibits of a majority of the. States were doubled in attractiveness by the experience gained and rivalry excited at the early ceiebration. The work of flie commission during the winter of 1892 and 1893, though pressing and exacting, was necessarily of a certain routine character difficult to transcribe and uninteresting to read. Only a few of tbe most miportant actions can be touched upon. Tlie greatest demand upon the time, patience and diplomatic al)ility of the board was tlie question of space ; many of New York's manufacturing industries demanded an immediate adjustment ot the difficulty as a condition of their making an exhibit ; others, just waking to a sense of the importance of the occasion, were making frantic endeavors to obtain recognition from the exposition autliorities. In their role of mediators the board were obliged to use the utmost tact to satisfy the demands of the exhibitors on the one hand and not make unjust require- ments of the exposition officials on the other. Jhere was undoubtedly a failure to satisfy the great majority of individual demands both as to the amount of space granted and the time consumed in reaching a decision, but the task imposed upon the Chicago authorities was so complicated and delicate as to demand for them the utmost indulgence. Some idea of their problem may be obtained when it is stated that in the Manufactures Building, with a floor area of thirty and three-lifths acres, American exhibitors proposed to occupy space five times greater than at their disposal, and yet no foreign nation received one-third the space reserved for the United ^' • ^5ec/ SEVENTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMISSION Kepoet of Boaed of Genekal, Managees. 6t States. In the Macliineiy Building four times the total available space was applied for bj American firms. The difiiculty of making, under such circumstances, an allotment -which should be at once fair to the individual and not prejudicial to the representative character of the combined exhibit ui any given group is sufficiently obvious. Some business firms of the State sought to advertise and make capi- tal of the notoriety to be gained by airing alleged grievances ; some few cases of hardship) undoubtedly happened, but iu nearly every case as much space as could be expected was granted every applicant, and the allotment to Isew York as a whole was genei'ous in the extreme. The following table of space * occupied by !New York in each department is the most conclusive argument on the question ; Space reserred for Department. " United States. Space granted New York, Agriculture 450 , 000 feet Collective 4 , 048 Individual 42,774 46,822 feet. Forestry Collective 1,053 Individual 1,669 2,722 feet. Horticulturef Collective 65 , 500 Individual 43 , 654 109 , 154 feet. Fisheries 1,415 feet. Mines and Mining. . 140,000 feet Collective 1,891 Individual 11,633 18,524 feet. Machinery 100,000 feet 40,224 feet. Transportation Collective 2 , 450 Individual 66,500 68,950 feet. Manufactures 260,000 feet 58,063 feet. Electricity 180,000 feet 39,298 feet. Fine arts 36,000 feet 21,000 feet. Liberal arts 230,000 feet Collective 12,810 Individual 33,040 45,850 feet. Ethnology Collective 12 , 800 Individual 18,280 31,080 feet. 473,102 feet. This grand total approximates ten anil tliree-quarter acres, or a space * At the time of going to press the official figures have not been tabulated by the Exposition authorities. These figures are based on newspaper tables and esti- mates, but are sufficiently correct for making comparisons. f Not including 92,000 feet on lawns and Wooded Island, 68 New Yoek at the World's Coltjjvibian Exposition. nearly as large as that occupied by the Electricity and Mines and Min- ing buildings combined. In round numbers the space set aside for tlic United States at the exposition was 3,000,000 feet, of which New York occupied nearly 500,000, or one-sixth the entire amount. In the Agri- cultural Building New York had one-tenth of the total space granted American exhibitors : in the Machinery Hall two-fifths ; in the Manu- factures Building one-fifth; in the Fine Arts seven-twelfths. In the Forestry and Fislieries alone is New York's proportion small, but in each case all the space asked for was granted. This table should foi'- ever kill the two liydra-headed rumors so often cmbbed into silence by this board : one that New York took no interest in the fair, the other that New York was discriminated against by the fair authorities. The Second Appeopeiation. It became evident in the latter part of 1S92 that the State could jiot make a display commensurate with its first rank as a Common wealth without an additional appropriation. The rivalry had become so intense between the different States that the prestige of New York was seriously threatened, while the work of preparation was seen to be far gi-eater and more complicated than presented itself the year before. To keep the same proportion between its exhibits and those of other States, as actually exists in the commercial world, required the develop- ment of comjjrehensive plans for which Ijoth time and money were necessary factors. As the former element was limited the emergency could only be met by a greater use of the latter. Many absolutely necessary features could have been prepared at lialf the cost had six aionths or a year's more time been at the command of the commission. Furthermore, in seven of the thirteen departments of the exposition the Board of General Managers were compelled to assume the prepara- tion of a collective exhibit, as in no one of them was there a commer- cial return large enough to warrant intrusting the disjalay to private enterprise. A statement of the case was made to the public through the press and a bill introduced in the Legislature when it met in January, 1893, asking for $3(;tO,000 more to complete the work. The almost unanimous opinion was that it should be granted immedi- ately and no effort be spared to insure New Y'ork's sujDremacy at the fair. It was conceded by all that the total amount was not large in considerati(_in of the fact that New York could not afford to make an inadequate display of her varied resources at a fair subjected to the B.EPOET OF Board of General Managers. 69 scrutiny of the civilized world. The bill took the regular course through the Legislature, passing the Senate on February twenty-eighth, and was only delayed for aliout three weeks while the State Comp- troller was prejjaring an itemized account of the expenditures of the Board of General Managers pursuant to a resolution adopted by the Assembly. The result of the inquiry was creditable in the highest degree to the prudence and ability of the board, and the bill unani- mously passed the Assembly on March 22, 1S93. Contracts which had been awaiting the decision of the Legislature were signed and work in each department pushed ahead on the broad lines already planned but temporarily suspended. By the action of the board at its December meeting Mr. Louis Mere- dith Howland, a member of the commission, was appointed a com- mittee of one in charge of the New York State Building to supervise its construction and furnishing. It was deemed extremely desirable to have it in readiness for the presidential \isit on opening day, even if not complete in its minor details. On the twenty-third of March the Judicial District Commissions were abolished by the following resolution passed at the monthly meeting of the board : Whereas, the bureaus established in the several judicial districts have accomplished and completed the purjjoses and labors for Avhicli they were organized ; and, Whereas, the constant demands for aid from the State, in collect- ing and making exhibits require the liusl)anding of the moneys appro- priated by the Legislature, therefore, be it Resolved, that the chief executive officer be and he is hereby directed to notify the said judicial district boards to close their respec- tive bureaus, disjjense with the services of clerks, salaried officers, etc., and cease on or before April 1, 1893, all expenses which otherwise would be a charge upon the funds and resources of the Board of Gen- eral Managers. The work of the District Commissions was in a sense supplementary to that of the Board of General Managers, inasmuch as the chief eiiorts of the latter were directed towards making the collective exhibits in the seven departments already referred to, while the efforts of the former were mainly to procure individual exhibits in the other six departments which were more mercantile. Many of the commissions performed tlieir duties with ability and were of great service to the 'TO New York at the World's Coltjmbian Exposition. State iu arousing public pride and enterprise. Upon the tinal assign- ment of space, however, by the Cliicago authorities their daj's of help- f uhiess were necessarily ended and the Board of General Managers were constrained to cut otf expenditures in this direction and apply the money where it would he of greater benefit to the State. The Natal Review. In the same act that created the World's Cojumbian Exposition, Congress also j^rovided for a naval review to be held in jSTew 1 ork harbor April 2t, 1S93. All tlie maritime nations of the world were uivited to participate. The fleets were to rendezvous at Hampton Roads and then proceed under command of Rear Admiral Gherardi to JSTew York where tliey were to be reviewed by the President and other National and State officials. Nine foreign nations responded to the invitation : England, France, Germany, Russia, Italy, Spain, Holland, Brazil and Argentine Republic. Naval architecture had changed so I'adieally smce the war of the Rebellion, the last actual test of battle- ships, where the stnrdy little " Monitor " closed tlie epoch of '' wooden walls," that the review assumed more than a festal significance. Critical eyes from every nation noted the construction, maneuvering and new ideas as expressed in the thirty-five battleships ranged side by side. Nor were emotional features lacking in the situation. The spectacle of the ten most powerful navies sailing under one command and peace- fully engaging in a common celebration has never before been seen and may never be again. All of the expected vessels put into Hampton Roads during April, 1S93, except two of Russia's scpiadron which were delajed by ice in the Neva. After a week of festivities at Fortress Monroe the fleet weighed anchor on April twenty-fourth and sailed for New York, anchoring iu the lower bay. On the twenty-sixth they proceeded slowly np the river to their assigned positions off the uj)per part of the city, preparatory for the review. As they passed the Battery the statne of John Ericsson, the designer of the " Monitor," was unveiled, and was sainted by the heavy guns of the " Philadelphia, " the flag- ship of the squadron. The morning of the twenty-se venth was rainy and cheerless, in extreme contrast to the favorable weather which greeted the October review, but after a short postponement, the reviewing vessel steamed out into the river and passed up between the warshijjs anchored in the following order : EIGHTH JUDICIAL DISTRICT COMMISSION Report of Board of General IManagers. 11 LEFT COLUMN. Philadelphia (U. S.), flagship Newark (U. S.) Atlanta (IT. S.) San Francisco (U. S.) Bancroft (U. S.) Bennington (L. S.) Baltnnore (U. S.) Chicago (U. S.) Torktown (U. S.) Charleston (U. S.) Yesnvius (U. S.) Concord (U. S.) ISTneve de Jnlio (Argentine Republic) Yan Speyk (Holland) Kaiserin Augusta (Germany) Seeadler (Germany) Miantonomoh (U. S.) RIGHT COLUMN. Blake (England) ^iustralia (England) Magicienne (England) Tartar (England) Diniitri Donskoi (Russia) General Admiral (Russia) Rynda (Russia) Arethuse (France) Ilussard (France) Jean Bart (France) Etna (Italy) Giovani Bausan (Italy) Infanta Isabel (S23ain) Reina Regente (Spain) ISTeuva Espana (Spain) Aquidaban (Brazil) Tiradentes (Brazil) Republica (Brazil) The " Dolphin," of the United States navy, was the reviewing vessel of President Cleveland, while the " Cushing " and " Stiletto " were used as dispatch boats. The coast steamer "Monmouth " was i-eserved for Senators, Representatives and their guests, and the patrol steamer "Blake" for the Diplomatic Corps. The New York State officials, "World's Fair Commissioners and Legislature were carried by the steamer ■' Gen. Slocum," and were given a pi-ominent position at the head of tlie line. Neither threatening skies nor pouring rain could keep at home the immense crowd which gathered at every vantage point along the whole shore line of ten miles. The sight was one in a lifetime. The " Dol- phin " passed the splendid battleships, full rigged and m.anned, while under their protecting guns lay the tiny caravels, " Nina,'' " Pinta " and " Santa Maria." These frail-looking vessels, flj'ing the ancient ban- ner of red and white which once symbolized the might of Castile and Aragon, formed a striking contrast to the modern ships which repre- sented every phase of naval engineering, from the powerful armored battleshijjs, "Jean Bart" and "Blake,'' to the swift torpedo boat " Cushing." One of the features of the review was the marvelous rapidity and precision with which the firing of salutes was conducted. Ihiring the evening interesting exhibitions of search light drilling and New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. \ night signaling were given. Tlie Very and the Ardois systems were exeniplilied in tlie latter. On shore the anniversary banquet of General Grant's birthday was being celebrated, followed by the famous naval ball at the Madison Square Garden at which all the notables of the country were present with the Diplomatic Corps and foreign officers. On Friday, April twenty-eighth, the shore parade of sailors and marines from ail the men of war in the harbor took place. The hardy tars were escorted by the naval reserves of New York and Massachu- setts and the National Guard of New York ; the parade, though small in comparison with the monster one of the previous October, was most successful and attractive by its novelty. At its close President Cleve- land, the Duke of Veragua and party, the World's Fair Commissioners and others took the train for Chicago to be in time for the opening exercises. May first. The celebration was ended in New York by a banquet in the evening given at the Waldorf by the Chamber of Com- merce in honor of the commanding officers of tlie fleet. The whole celebration passed off as smoothly and successfully as in October, and was of the highest credit to New York as well as to the nation. Opening Exeecises at Chicago, Mat 1. 1893. Inasmuch as the buildings and grounds had been dedicated with elaborate pomp and ceremony the preceding October, the formal open- ing was reduced to a few simple exercises, the more impressive as the vastness of the undertaking lay at length revealed. A short introduc- tory statement by Director-General Davis, a brief speech by the Presi- dent, Grover Cleveland, and at noon the electric signal was given by the President which set the ponderous machinery in motion and announced from guns, bells and whistles, that the great exj)osition was in progress. Barely twelve and one-half months had elapsed since the Board of Genei^il Managers had been appointed, but in that time New York's interests had been well looked after in each department. Not all of New York's exhibits were in a completed state by May first, but this condition was common to all, and New York was fully abreast of her competitors in this respect. In point of fact the month of May was nothing but a dress rehearsal for the main exhibition period. The music of the hammer and saw took i:)recedence over everything else, and it was not until June first tliat the fair could be said to be in a finished condition for visitors. Kepoet of Board of General Managees. 73 l^EW ToEk's PaET IX THE FaIE. What ■was done by the board directly for the State in the various departments of the exposition is f ullj set forth in the detailed rejjorts furnished by tliose who had immediate charge of the exhibits, and incorporated in the latter part of this rolnnie. But the following gen- eral statement of their location and character may serve as a summary of the work which has been done in this dii'eetion, and may also be supplemented by a descrijjtion of noteworthy exhibits in buildings and departments not specially cared for by the Board of General Managers. Ageictjltceal Bcildikg. Agricxoltural Exhibit. This was ia section 6, on the south side of the main aisle, near the eastern entrance, and occujDied 4,000 square feet. James "Wood, of Mt. Kisco, was directoi--in-chief, and Hezekiah Bowen, of Medina, assistant. The exhibit was planned scientiiically, and was designed to show the great variety and climate which dis- tinguished the State, and the endless diversity of agricultural jiro- ducts which are thus rendered possible. While ISTew York has always oceujiied a prominent place in the agricultural States, and led in many staple productions, the fact is not generally i-ecognized that the agricultui-al products of this State are greater in quantity, more varied in kind, and of equal if not better quality than those of any other State. The great variety of soils renders it possible to adapt the crops to the locality, and cultivate them under the most advantage- ous circumstances. The exhiljit brought out these facts in a striking manner. One of the most noteworthy features was a series of bromide enlargements, from photographs taken in the hop region of ISTew York during the harvest season. In consideration of the fact that in 1890 Xew York had 36,670 acres under cultivation for hops, and raised 20,063,029 pounds, which is fifty-one -per cent of the entire yield of tJie United States, the pictures assume a wider significance than at first ' appears. Many other special industries which are not correctly ajjpre- ciated, even by our own citizens, were similarly brought out. In the autumn 250 varieties of potatoes raised in the State were on exhibi- tion, and over 100 varieties of grasses, native or domesticated in our soil. In all the groups of this department Xew York firms were prominent, and some adequate idea of tlie extent and excellence of New York's complete exhibit may be gained from the findings of the 10 74: New Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. Bureau of Awards, which granted New York State 585 awards in the agricultural dej^artnient. Apiarian Exhibit. In the eastern gallery, group 23, almost directly over the agricultural exhibit, and occupying 1,500 square feet, was an exhibit of comb and extracted honey, with all the modern appliances of the apiary art. In addition to this six colonies of bees were trans- ported to Chicago and gave a live exhibit of the making of honey under the best improved conditions. New York was the only State to present this feature. The exhibit was in charge of Orel L. Hersh- iser, of Buffalo. Wool Exhibit. This exhibit embraced all the varieties of wool pro- duced in the State, and was situated iii the western section of the north gallery. It was separated from the main agricultural exhibit under the ruling of the exjjosition regarding collective exhibits, and was nearest the dome in the line of wool exhibits of the various States. Dairy Exhibit. Although a subdivision of the agricultural depart- ment, the dairy exhibits, for obvious reasons, required a separate building. This was situated to tlie southeast of Agricultural Hall near the shores of South Pond. New York occupied 470 feet of space in the north- western part of the Dairy Building, and fully exemplified the methods of making butter and cheese which has rendered the State foremost in those industries. The dairy test, in which many celebrated cows of different breeds from New York were entered, was conducted in a building near here. The work of collecting, transporting, installing and caring for the dairy exhibits was done by the aid of a committee appointed by the New York State Dairymen's Association from funds supplied by the State Board of Managers. Josiah Shull, of Ilion, super- intended the collection of exhibits. Arrangements were made for the reception of butter and cheese exhibits at central points for the various districts of the State, in the months of June, July, Sejjtem- ber and October, for their conveyance in refrigerator cars, and tlieir preservation in refrigerated cases at the exposition. The plan worked perfectly and the State had constantly on exhibition the finest products of its farms and factories. Two liundred and ninety-seven awards were taken in tins exhibit — 136 for butter, 156 for cheese and five for miscellaneous exhibits. i;oUKT OF HON V \L iiTTTri" T r U mr oKixG West Report df Board of General Managers. 75 Horticultural Building. Sew York occupied 2ii,0U0 square feet of space in this building. In addition 50,000 feet were taken up l)y New York greenhouses and 92,000 feet hy lawns and gardens. The exhibits were divided into three parts — tloriculture, pomology and viticulture. Flonal JExhibh. Fifteen thousand feet, or nearly one-half of the space under the great dome, was occupied by an artistic exhibit in the form of a mound of ferns, shrubs and plants. In the rotunda opj^osite the mound there was in season an exhibit of gladioli and cut flowers, and overhead in the gallery an exhibit of floral designs. Just nortli- west of the western main entrance, and occupying a lawn space of 50,500 square feet, were nine greenhouses, including an orchid house, a Yictoria Eegia house, a commercial rose house and one filled with foliage j^lants. A little further to the northwest, in the direction of the Midway Plais- ance, was a model of an old-fashioned flower garden, occupying 2,500 square feet. Between riy fifteen feet, scale two inches to the mile, of the section intersected by the Erie canal. This map, made under the supervision of the State Engineer, showed at a glance the system of water supply, and justified engineer- ing science in the location and construction of that great public work. To contribute historical as well as present interest, a model was shown of an original wooden lock, made at Little Falls in 1795, with an elaborate model (scale one-tliirtieth) of the latest standard enlai-ged lock of the Erie canal. Photographs were collected illustrating early modes of travel, by reproductions from sketches, and showing the pres- ent method of delivering the immense freights floated eastward by canal ; one picture represented a typical tow on the Hudson, Novem- ber 26, 1893, of sixty-four boats aggregating 12,630 tons. The aque- ducts over the Genesee at Rochester and over the Mohawk at Crescent and Rexford Flats were shown b}' photographs. To the water system exhibit was added a large map, specially prepared, of the extensive rail- way system of the State, showing eighty-two railways, wdth a total mileage of 8,T2tl:.88 miles. This exhibit, donated to the State museum, is the nucleus of what it is to be hoped will become a complete collec- tion which shall illustrate every stage of progress in the methods and appliances of passenger and freight trans^jortation. The resources of the offices of the Superintendent of Puhlic Works and the State Engi- neer and Surveyor were freely placed at the disposition of the board of managers and much valuable material obtained from them. The collective exhibit at the exposition was supplemented by individ- ual and commercial exhibits of s-reat value. Tliat of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Company is worthy of special mention. It combined the reproduction of the historic locomotive '• ])e "Witt Clinton " and the coaches of 1831 with a fully equipped modern passenger train of express, drawing-room and sleeping cars, attached to locomotive No. 999, with a record of 112 miles an hour. The whole number of awards granted New York in this dejjartmeut was seventy-three. so New Yokk at the World's Columbiax Exposition. Palace of T'ine Aets. The place assumed by New York in the An:erican section of the fine arts exhibit was extremely gratifying to New York pride, and empliasized particularly the fact that New York city is the acknowl- edged art center of the New World. Out of the 36,000 teet of space reserved for American exhibits, New Y'ork occupied 21,000 feet. The art bureau of the State of New Y'ork was composed ot the New Y'ork members of the Federal advisory committee for fine arts. Mr. J. Q. A. Ward was chief and Wm. B. Tuthill, secretary. By their energetic management 2,137 works of art were submitted to rhe bureau for their judgment, of which number 1,349 were selected and forwarded to Chicago for exhibition. In addition 306 works of art were placed at the disposal of the bureau for the loan exhibition. The high grade of excellence displayed in the works and the wise selection of the bm-eau were fully attested by the juries of award, which granted eighty-six New Y'ork artists medals and diplomas, cover iug 5i0 pieces, or nearly one-half the number placed on exhibition MaNUFACTUEES BmLDINCS. Lihcral Artt< D^'jMi/'hnoif, Edxbcational Exlnhlt. In the center of the south gallery, on the bridge leading out from the department offices, was the exhibit of the schools and colleges of the State. This was by far the largest exhibit gathered under the auspices of the State board and one of the most satisfactory. It occupied 13,764- feet. or one-seventh of all the space devoted to education, and embraced a complete exhibit of the educational work of the State from kindergai'- ten to university. The director of the exhibit was Secretary Melvil Dewey of the University of the State of New York, with Howard J. Kogers, of Albany, assistant. The installation of the exhibit was particularly effective, the broad aisles and roomy alcoves, richly furnished and artistically arranged, giving it an attractive appearance beyond anything attained elsewhere in the department. The exhibit became the headquarters for New Y'orkers at the south end of the grounds. The educational depart- ment was created by the Board of General Managers the latest of all the siib-departments, but by the energy of its director. Secretary Mel- vil Dewey, who had at his command all the machinery of the State Universitv, and liis executive staff an exhibit far exceeding any other Kepoet of Boaed of General Managers. SI State's "was gathered, in an incredibly short time. Eighteen cities and towns made collective exhibits in addition to •n-hich 142 individual Echoiils, five manual training schools, 373 academies and union schools and twenty-eight colleges contribiited to the success of the display. Some idea of the size of the exhibit may be obtained when it is stated that it weighed 115,900 pounds and required nine cars to transfer it from Chicago to Albany. The figures here given do not include the exhibit, of Xew York schools for deaf, blind and feeble minded, art schools and business colleges, all of which, under individual auspices, made exhibits situated in the west gallery ; nor does it include the parochial schools of New York, which formed so large a percentage of the Catholic exhibit in the east gallery. !New York had all the usual material pertaining to educational exhibits, liu.t was rich in special fea- tures ne\'er before brought out. For a complete description of these reference must be made to the detailed report from that department in the latter part of this volume. Xew York took 401 awards in the liberal arts department, 174 of which were in the educational division. Other exhibits made in this building, under the auspices of the board, were the relief map of Lake George and vicinity, famous in the early history of our country, and a large photographic exhibit of public monuments in the State erected in memory of soldiers, sailors and distinguished men. These were situated in the northeast gallery. Woi'l<:ingman's 2Iodel Home. Allied to this department, thougli of necessity not in the building, was the workingman's model home located in tlie southern part of the grounds, and in charge of Miss Katherine B. Davis. From an economic standpoint this was one of the most valuable exhibits on the grounds, as it demonstrated the ability of a" workingman to support a family of five (wife and four children) on a wage earnmg of $500 a year. This was not a theo- retical tabulation of figures and conditions, but a practical, example. A family of six was supported throughout the exposition months at pro rata cost in a most successful manner. The bills of fare price of food, clothing, etc., wei-e tal)ulated and kept for reference and a model home run on strictly business principles. The house was a two-story frame building, representing one that could be built and rented by a capitalist at a rate not exceeding ten dollars a month ; or it could be built \>y the workman himself in New York State, outside 11 82 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. of New York city, for §1,000. The exhibit was the idea of Hon, John Boyd Thacher, a member of this board, and was developed on the lines devised by him. Cooking School Exhihit. At the south end of the Anthropological Building was the New York State exhibit in sanitary and hygienic cookery, prepared under the auspices of the women's board. Practical illustrations were given daily in matters belonging to housekeeping, special attention being given to the preparation of foods for invalids and children. There was also an exhibit of lionsehold articles invented by women. The exhibit was in charge of Miss Juliet Corson, of New York city. Anthropological Building. Exhibits of Gharitahle, Correctional and Penal Institutions. These exhibits were distributed over a large section of the southern portion of the building, and comprehended the entire scope and char- acter of the methods of dealing with ■ the defective, delinquent and dependent classes of the State. The exhibits included pictures, photo- graphs and charts of the Bntfalo State Hospital for tlie Insane, a model of the Utica Asylum, an exhibit of the Willard Asylum, and oi the Binghamton State Hospital for the Insane. There was a complete exhibit of the work done at the State Industrial School at Hochester, and a large model of tlie Elmira Reformatory. There was also an exhibit from the New York House of Kefuge, from the ITebrew Orphan Benevolent Association, the Hebrew Teclmi cal Institute, the St. John's Gruild Floating Hospital of New York, a model of tlie Letcliworth plan for an almshouse, the Fitch Creche of Buffalo, and tlie Soldiers' and Sailors' Home of Bath. yatural llhtory Exhihit. In the gallery there was a large exhibit of mammals, shells, etc., from the State museum, and the skeleton of the celebrated Cohoes mastodon. Health, Water and Quarantwie Exhibits. On the lirst floor of this building, in the department of hygiene, were exhibited the quarantine system of New York State, and the city water supply from the Croton aqueducts. The exhibit consisted of charts, maps, photographs, model of crematory, etc. The exhibits of the State board of health, and of the board of health of New York city, were also to be fonnd here. Report of Board of General Managers. 83 Indian Exhibit. Between the Leather Building and the South Pond, near the old -whaling ship, was an exhihit of the Iroquois confederacy, with representatives from each of the Six iS^ations. The small village erected occupied 8,250 square feet. Twelve of the lineal descendants of the founders of the famous confederacy whose supremacy was felt from the Atlantic to the Mississippi, and whose alliance with the English rendered easy the rapid development of central New York, were present throughout the fair. Their exhibit comprised wigwams built in ancient style, canoes, fancy wood and bead work and a fao simile of the historic long house or ho-da-no-sau-nee in which their councils were held. Side by side with these reminders of the historic past were the products of the peaceful pursuits of the present day and statistical information on the growth in wealth and industries of the various tribes. Illustrations were given of the customs, life and folk lore of the Iroquois at various times during the exposition. The exhibit was in charge of Eev. John W. Sanborn, of Naples. Forestry Building. This exhibit of woods from trees native to the State Avas in the southern portion of the Forestry Building on the lake front and occupied 1,566 square feet. It was by far the most scientific of any of the forest displays. It not only gave log sections cut so as to sliow bark and grain, but sections of the wood showing transverse, radial and tangen- tial views of the grain, so thin as to be translucent and hence revealing the characteristic structure. The exhibit was admirably ari-anged to bring out all these special features and attracted wide attention for its compactness, thoroughness and scientific value. It was prepared and supervised by Romeyn B. Hough, of Lowville. Government Building. In the rotunda of the Government Building were thirteen large panels which were at the disposal of the thirteen original States for a display of colonial and historical relics and curios. New York's was specially attractive in interesting relics owing to the broad and rich domain of early New York history and to the exertions and intluence of Mrs. Jones, of the Board of Women Managers, and Mr. Thacher, of the Board of General Managers, in securing the loan, of articles for the exhibition, and in bringing many famous mementoes froiu their hiding places. 84 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Prominent among the articles exhibited were the Washington relics from the State library, autographs of tlie Presidents and the sign- ers of the Declaration of Independence, original model of Fulton's " Clermont," and the wampum belt commemorative of the first treaty and alliance of the Six jSTations of New York, and now in the posses- sion of Hon. John Boyd Thacher, of Albany. Woman's Building. Nearly every department in this building contained exhibits gathered by the State Board of Women Managers, but New York's special feature was the library room which was furnished magnificently by the New York board. Five thousand dollars was granted by the Board of Gen- eral Managers for this purpose. The ceiling, designed and executed by Dora Wheeler Keith, and the collection of books written by women native to or resident in New York were the chief features. Exhibits of Special Peominence. Although the foregoing exhibits were all, strictly speaking, that were prepared under the supervision of the Board of General Managers, there were several exhibits from New York, so specially noteworthy from their size, beauty, and the credit they reflected on the State as to demand more than a passing mention. In four departments, viz., macliinery, manufactures, electricity and fisheries, the Board of Gen- eral Managers depended entirely upon private individuals to fully represent the State, and in no wise aided them financially. The trans- portation exhibit also was chiefly the work of individual companies. The confidence of the board in the enterprise of New Yorkers was not misplaced, and in every one of the five departments the exhibits from this State were on a par with other States and countries, and in some far surpassed them. While the general average was so completely satisfactory to New York pride the incomparable excellence of a few exhibits was a source of special gratification. Such were the exhibits of Tiffany & Co., Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company, the Gorham Manufacturing Company, and Gunther's fur exhibit in the Manufac- tures Building; Ward's natural science exhibit in the Antliropological and Mines and Mining buildings ; the General Electric Company in the Electricity Building ; the Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co. engine exhibit, the Henry E.. Worthington pumping machinery exhibit in the Machinery Building ; and the New York Central exhibit in the Transportation Building. Beport of Boaed of General ^Iaxagers. 85 The entrance to the American section in the center of the Manu- factures Building was a tribute to the public spirit and enterprise of three Xew Toi-k hrms. Tiffany & Co., Gorham Manufacturing Com- pany and the Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company. They assumed the responsibility of erecting a pavilion which would worthily represent the United States when contrasted with those of England, Germany and France, on the other three sections foi-med by the central aisles ; an undertaking which the United States government would not per- form, and which the Chicago management through lack of funds could not do. The pavilion suggested the colonial style of architecture, and was surmounted by a Corinthian column supporting a globe upon whicli rested the national eagle. It was designed by Architect John Du Fais, of JS^ew York ; the structure was by far the most extensive in the United States section. The exhibit made by Messrs. Tiffany & Co., gold and silversmiths of Xew York city, althougli a coi'poration of this State, was essen- tially a national exhibit, as it was the skill of their artists and artisans that brought to this country, for successive periods, the highest awards for art metal work from the art center of the world, the Grand Prix having been awarded to their products at the Paris expositions of 1878 ami 1889. At the "World's Columbian Exposition their display consisted of five distinct exhibits. The main one in the Tiffany pavilion, in the center of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, represented an invest- ment of about $1,000,000, and was one of the notable features of the fair. The famous central case of diamonds, with the 8100,C00 i-evolv- ing Tiffany gem, the Canary diamond girdle, and hundreds of smaller pieces brilliant with gems, the silver magnolia vase with its marvelous enamelling, the several astronomical clocks, the display of geins in the rough, the fine stationery and illuminated work, the electro silver-]:ilated ware, and the extraordinary display of sterling silver services and indi- vidual pieces, have all become fixtures associated with the l\"orkrs Fair in the minds of its millions of visitors. In the ilines and Mining Building the firm liad a verv costlv and complete plant in connection with the De Beers diamond mining exhibit, showincr the diamond-cutting arts, and illustratingr everv stage in the evolution of the diamond from the pebble as found in the rough to the polished gem in the showcase. Tliis proved an extraordinary attraction. In the galleries of the Mines Building the house had two 86 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. other exliiljits, one of cnt and uncut precious stones and gems, and a metallurgical collection illustrating the alloys of gold, silver and other metals and by-prodncts. Another very interesting display made by the firm was in connection with the United States national museum exhibit in the Government Building ; their exhibit here consisted of a collection of rare and unusual leathers and skins of l;)irds, beasts, fish and fowl. The exhibit of the Tiffany Glass and Decorating Company' iUustrated most forcibly two points of great importance : the marked advance the decorative arts have made in the United States since the Centennial Ex2)osition at Philadelphia in 1876, and the increased number of appreciative spectators. The exhibit was particularly strong in sliowmg the value of glass as a decorative material, especially in ecclesiastical art ; this was made evident through the medium of a completely equipped chapel, con- structed on Romanesque or Northern Byzantine lines, from tlie design of Mr. Louis C. Tiifany. The altar, retables and reredos were largely composed of glass mosaic in a setting of marble, enriched by inlays of mother-of-pearl, semi-precious and precious stones. The body of the altar was made of 150,000 pieces of flat, cream white opalescent glass in quarter-inch squares ; this field of mosaic was relieved and orna- mented with emblems and symbolic devices in various rich substances; the risers of the retable were filled with gold glass mosaic of the same size as that in the body of the altar and carrying inscriptions in flat opalescent glass ; the reredos was in strong contrast to the altar both ia color and in handling of the mosaic, yet most pleasing and artistic ; in a wide setting of black marble there was a symbolic picture composed of iridescent glass mosaic, which gave forth blue, green and golden scintillations of pearl-like light. The mosaic pieces in this picture, in place of being squares, were made to follow the design, were large in siae, and resembled in construction that species of mosaic the ancient Romans termed Alexandrine. Attached to and overshadowing the reredos there was a semi-ciboriura, constructed of a series of receding round arches, the soffit of each arch falling below the one imuiediately next to it, in that way exposing a number of faces and enhancing the perspective ; the whole was overlaid with gold, enriched with ornaments in relief, set with jewels, made brilliant with inscriptions and inlays of colored and gold glass mosaic. These arches rested uuon twelve columns whose metal caps were made precious with relief ornament upon a back- liEPORT OF B(JAED OF GeXEKAL MaXAGEES. 87 ground of colored glass mosaic, and astragals of jewels set in gold ; while the shafts, resting upon bases and plinths of black naarble, were made of 200,000 qnarter-inch squares of transparent glass mosaic of red, green and brownish tones, worked to six different patterns having the cross as the general motive. The risers of the mai'ble steps leading to the pedella of the altar carried ornaments and inscriptions in glass mosaic. Hanging from the roof of the chapel there were three globe like sanctuary lamps made of rich deep green glass, very thick and faceted at every 2:)oint, resembling immense emeralds. The chapel was illumi- nated by a number of veiy beautiful colored glass windows, in which were to be seen not only various figures of holy pei-sonages, but the very latest improvements and discoveries in glass in leading and con- struction ; moreover, they were all built upon the mosaic system, the effect of light and shade having been obtained by the inequality of the surface of the glass, and there was an entire absence of paint, stains and enamels except in the faces and hands of the figures. All the glass work in this exhibit of whatever kind, mosaic, windows, lamps, etc., made plain to all the great improvement that has been made in America over all similar European work, the vast range of color and its artistic application to decorative purposes. In addition there were many objects in this exhibit of great merit and originality of design in wood, metal, marble, upholsteries and embroideries. That the exhibit was appreciated was apparent to all, not only from the numl)er of peo]3le that entered the chapel, a little over 1,400,000 by actual count, but also from the questions asked, the remarks made and the words of approval heard from every side. The leading American and foreign art critics pi'onounced it a success both from an artistic and educational point of view, while ecclesiastics and lovers of Christian art v.'ere unaiiimous in their ijraise. The exhibit of the Gorhaui ^lanufacturing Company occupied 3.700 square feet of surface, and within that space was disjjlayed the examples of their productions in solid silver work and other metals, prepared especially fijr the Columbian Exposition. Thei'e was shown sterling silverware in all articles from the smallest piece weighing less than an ounce to the great statue of Columbus, which required in the casting 30,000 ounces of the precious metal ; there were departments devoted to exam])les of their electroplated wares ; cutlery, leatlier arti- cles silver mounted, ecclesiastical wares in silver and various metals, 88 New York at the "Wcjrld's Columbian Exposition. fine cnt glass with silver mounts, enamels on silver and on bronze, bronzes, medals, decorated pottery with carved silver covering, chests and cases for silver of woods, lea.tliers and fabrics. Forty-seven awards for superiority and excellence were granted to the Gorhani Manufactur- ing Company for this exhibit, which was probably the most extensive and valuable of its class ever made by one exhibitor at any exposition, and i-epresents the development of their business, which was started in Providence, R. I., in 1795. C. G. Gunther's Sons' fur exhibit was striking and exceedingly artistic ; remarkable as well for its unequalled appointments and general arrange- ment as for the imposing array of furs. One thousand six hundred sqtiare feet were occupied, mainly in the form of a raised platform approached at each of the four corners by handsome mahogany steps, guarded bv superbly-mounted wolves and bears posing as attendants, witli silver salvers containing the firm's cards, etc., extended toward the visitor. From the center of the platform and from the four corners rose tall, artistically-carved pillars nineteen feet in height, the center one being wound with bands of rich fur trimmings in the national colors and surmounted by a superior specimen of the black bear standing on a large terrestrial glass globe electrically illuminated, the animal hold- ing an electric torch. The other four pillars supported a large collec- tion of beautifully-mounted heads of deer, buffalo, moose and caribou, and were each crowned by a mounted American eagle. The cases containing the manufactured furs were marvels in them- selves. Two of these (horse shoe shaped) surrounded the central pillar, and around each side of the platform were arranged four other cases with handsome domes, the glass sashes of which were remarkable for their length of sixteen feet. All around were arranged superb specimens of mounted animals, and the exhibit was indescribably rich in sables, sea otters and other costly furs in creations of every descrip- tion known to the trade, besides many unique and beautiful novelties. The firm received in all seventeen awards. The exhibit made by the General Electric Company, whose immense factory at Schenectady is such a striking feature on the line of the New York Central railroad, was the largest and most comjarehensive elec- trical exhibit at the exposition. It emphasized the pre-eminence of this great New York concern in the diifereut electrical branches of railways, lighting, motors, mining, transmission of power over long distances, etc. In I'ailways, it exhibited a complete and comprehensive line of ^42^^ .«^-8f :^} «,« VWj^ivi^il^ FACADE TO AMERICAN SECTION MANUFACTURES BUILDING, Fuu Height Kepoet of Board of General Managers. 89 apparatus, from the smallest line insulator up to the largest electrical dynamo iu the world. It installed, with apparatus solely of its own make, the famous intramural railway, which carried around the exposi- tion as many as 150,000 people in one day. In the power house of this railway were gathered examples of its diiferent types of raih\'ay dyna- mos, from the 200 kilowatt up to the large one above mentioned, four sisters of whicli are now operating the Brooklyn street railways. In electric lighting, the exhibit projser comprised a complete history of the evolution of the Edison incandescent lamp, shov/ing, by concrete examples, the thousands of experiments wdiicli its present perfection necessitated. The tower of light, situated hi the center of the Electricity Building, and studded with tliousauds of lamps, which, lighted, formed an apotheosis of electrical incandescent lighting ; an extensive exhibit of all the many different electric lighting devices, such as cut-outs, switches, regulators, etc. ; and a complete exhibit of different forms of meters for measuring the amount of current consumed iu every kind of work to which it has been applied, were notable. Prominent in the latter group was the Thomson recording watt meter, which was awarded the prize in France as better than any meter which the skilled elec- tricians in Europe had been able to devise. In Electricity Building also the General Electric Company exhibited a complete model arc ligliting station, comprising many machines with all the accessory appliances, driven by a 250 horse power motor, the largest shown at the exposition. It also exhibited an immense arc ligliting plant for service purposes in Machinery Hall, whicli was used to illuminate the grounds* and the vast interior of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building hj means of the five great coronas of light suspended in tlie arched roof. On tlie colonade, facing the Illinois State Building, was set the great search light, with a mirror five feet in diameter, reflecting a beam of light witli an intensity of millions of candle power. In Electricity Building, and on the top of the Casino and Music Hall, were other searcli lights, fully equal iu operation and workmansliip to the productions of tlie best European workshops. Its mining exhil)it comprised electric locomotives for mine haulage, electric drills, both percussion and diamond, electric pumps, electric ventilators, electric coal cutters, and other devices. Here, also, was shown a complete power transmission plant, in which an electric pump fed water to a Pelton water wheel, wliich turned a three-phase dynamo. This in turn fed current to a bank of step-up transformers, whicli trans- 12 90 I^KW York at the World's Columbian Exposition. formed the current up to a very high pressure. It was then carried on bare conductors across tlie space to another bank of transformers, and, being there transformed down to a low pressure, was fed to a series of incandescent lamps, arc lam])s and motors. This system is the only one in successful operation for power transmission purposes in the United States. The motor exhibit was scattered everywhere throughout the exposition, nearly every motor used being of this company's mannf actnre. Other features of interest were the beautiful electric fountains, designed by Lnther S. Stieringer, which formed such a conspicuous attraction in the Grand Court at night, the thirty-ton electric locomotive, the first ever on the steam railroads, and the small motors used to pro- pel the electric launches on the canal and lagoons. Tlie New York Central and Hudson River railroad exhibit, already referred to under the transportation department, was replete witli tech- nical excellence and scientific devices and improvements. The famous engine, " No. 999," which had developed a hitherto unprecedented speed of 112 miles an hour while actached to the regular '• Empire State express " train, was the chief feature. The description and weight of this engine is as follows : Weight of engine in working order, 12-i,000 pounds ; weight on di-ivers, Sl-,000 pounds ; weight on truck, 40,000 pounds ; weight on tender, 80,000 pounds ; cyluiders, 19x24 inches ; flues (2-inch), 268; heating surface, 1,697 square feet; diameter of driving M'lieels, 8(5 inches. The engine is equipped with air brakes, whistle signal and steam heat. In addition there were also exhibited three standard passenger cars, consisting of a comljination smoking and buffet car and two coaches, all similar to those running on the Empire State express train. These cars were built at the West Albany shops, liaving six-wheel trucks with steel-tired thirfy ai.v-inch wheels. T'uej' •~er'^ equipped with air brake, whistle signal, steam heat and Pintsch gas. The tracks upon which the " exhibit cars " stood showed the New York Central standard double track roadbed, of eighty-pound steel rail on yellow pine cross ties, laid on broken stone ballast, with its stand- ard thirty-six inch angle plate splice joint, secured by six steel bolts with cold rolled Harvey grip screws, and in connection with the same an exhibit was made of a sample of an improved " screw and clip " fastening, devised by its chief engineer, for securing the rails to cross ties to take the place of the ordinary connnou track spike. There was also displayed a single section of thirty feet in length of its standard Report or Board of General Managers. 91 track and roadbed of lOO-poiuid rails on steel cross ties, with liroken stone ballast, a sample of section Xo. 1 extending from Grand Central yard to Mott Haven. An interesting feature from a historical standpoint and forming a striking comparison with the metl^ods of ordinary rail locomotion, was the working model of the first successful engine ever run in Xew York State, the " De Witt Clinton,"' together with the coaches. "Watd's Jfatural Science Establishment, of Rochester, K. Y., made one of the largest private exhibits at the exposition. Their exhibits of rocks and marbles occupied the north end of the west gallery of the Mining Building, and their exhibits of minerals and meteorites the south end of the east gallery of the same building. The entire south gallery of the Anthropology Building was filled hy their collections of fossils, casts of celebrated fossils, shells and corals, mounted skins of mam- mals, birds, reptiles, batrachians and fishes, and mounted skeletons of the same classes. Below this, on the ground tloor, was their exhibit of human anatomy, consisting of mounted and disarticulate skeletons and parts of skeletons and anatomical models. Besides these exhibits there were numerous archaeological and ethno- logical objects loaned by them to the chief of the anthropological department and exhibited under his auspices. The exhibits by this establishment were part of one great systematic coliection of natui-al history that was thus divided into sections because sufficient room to exhibit it as a whole could n<.it be obtained in any single building of the exposition. The main divisions of the collection were : Mineral- og}-, geology and petrology, palisontology, invertebrate zoology, verte- brate zoology, comparative anatomy and human anatomy. Each one of these divisions was a carefully planned unit by itself, covering the ground of each science as thoroughly and evenly as possible and still keeping the value (S 100,000) within the purchasing means of some of the larger institutions of the country. Care was taken in each of these divisions to present in a thorough manner all aspects of the science, whether biological or geological sequence and relationships, geographical distribution and individual and geographical variations. The classifications used in the various branches were those of the recoiiuized modern leaders in these divisions. Tvpicai and characteristic specimens were largely i-epresented, inter- spersed here and there with rarities whei-e necessary to present the different subjects in the most thorough manner possible. Much care 92 JN E\v York at the World's Coluiibiax Exposition. was exercised to exclude all poor and iiidiffereiit material. Xuiiierous models, charts aud pictures further served to elucidate the different sub- jects and facilitate their mastery by the student. The subject of mouutin2;s and labelino- received careful attention ; aud while lack of space rendered impossible the use of many large explanatory labels, yet the principal points of scientific intei-est were clearly noted on each specimen. This was the largest single collection of natural history material ever brought together in this country at one time, and its acquisition by the Columbian Musuem of Chicago gives that institution a leading place among the natural history museums of America. Besides this main collection were exhibited small collections of minerals, rocks, fossils, invertebrate animals and vertebrate auimals designed for class room use in colleges, academies and union schools. Each of these was a unit in itself, presenting a complete outline of the branch it was designed to teach. In these low-priced collections great care was manifested in the careful selection of important type material, the even manner in which each subject was covered and the good quality, clear labeling and tasty mountings of the specimens. Thirteen awards were taken by this exhibit. The Xew York State Building. The ci'owning feature of Xew York's display at the fair was the State Building. It occupied one of the most promhient and attractive sites in Jackson Park, and the Board of General Managers wish to place on record here, in behalf of the people of the State, their deep obliga- tion to Director-General George R. Davis for reserving this space for New York. At the date of the organization of this board the time allowed for the filing of plans for State buildings had nearly expired, and it was only through the insistence of Director-General Davis, who publicly and privately proclaimed that jSTew York would yet come grandly to the front, that the beautiful and commanding site opposite the Art Gallery was retained for New York's use. The building was planned with a view to its being a place of resort for citizens of Xew York visiting the exposition, and as a center for the dissemination of information regarding Xew York exhibits. It was primarily intended for the comfort, accommodation and convenience of the people ; for meetings of State associations specially interested in any of the great departments of the exposition, and as a place where receptions could be given to Xew York societies .and to the representatives of other States. o c Kepoet of Boaed of General Maxaoeks. 93 "Within its walk were gathered, in addition to works of art liaving a si^ecial appropriateness to its scheme of decoration, articles of interest, paintings, etc., illustrating the history and notable cliaracteristics of the State. The magnificent proportions and the elaborate plan of external and internal decoration adopted for the structure were eminently appropriate to the representative clmracter wliich it possessed at the World's Fair. Belonging to the period of the new Ijirth of learning and of ftrt, out i:if which grew the conditions that made tlie discovery liy Columbus jjossible, it was a visible embodiment of tlie taste, the refine- ment and the wealth of the Florence of the Medici, and stood for some of the noblest ideals that have sprung from the union of a lucrative commerce with an enlightened civic jiride. In the estimation of the most discriminating judges, no more fitting representation could have been made of the presence of the State of Xew York at the congress of nations. Ob\'iously, therefore, one of tlie subjects which first demanded the attention of the board, after its organization, was tlie adoption of plans for the State building, inasmuch as the time had nearly expired within which, under the rules of the exposition, these should be filed, and as it was contemplated that all building operation, in Jackson Park should be completed in time for the dedicatory services in October, 1892. The space reserved was at once accepted, and, ten days after the first meeting of the board, plans for the State building were submitted by Messrs. McKim, Mead & White, architects of New York city. To invite and consider competitive plans in so short a time was out of the question, and the only course open to the board was to select architects of acknowledged eminence and to commit to them the work of designing such a building as would fitly represent the Empire State. The board was fortunate in being able to secure the services of Messi-s. McKim, Mead & White. These gentlemen, as architects of tlie Agricultural Building, were thoroughly familiar with the conditions governing the erection of the exposition structures, and made the execu- tion of the work committed to them a matter of State as well as pro- fessional pride. The plans were finally approved May i, 1892, after being amended in liarmony with tlie suggestions of the board, and specifications were ordered to be prepared in conformity with them. For the purpose of opening bids and awarding the contract for the erection of the State building, a meeting of the board was held, in Chicago on June 3, 1892. The lowest bidders were found to lie the George A. Fuller Company of Chicago, and a contract was accordingly 94 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. made with tlieui. As the symbol and embodiment of the official pres- ence of the State at the World's Fair, the design of the building was necessarily the subject of a great deal of thought on the part alike of the Board of General Managers and the architects. New York had at least this advantage, in coming in late — the plans of the States that were to be its neighbors had been fully determined. It was found that these had been affected entirely by local historical associations, and it was evident that if ISTew York were to follow tlieir lead -the result would be a kind of architectural conglomerate, in liarmon}' neither with itself nor the carefully considered scheme of the great exposition structures. In point of fact, there were more failures than successes in Jackson Park in the attempted reproduction of historical buildings in unfamiliar surroundings, and in the opinion of all discriminating critics, ISTew York did wisely in refusing to join in this competition. The State had a magnificent opportunity presented to her in the con- spicuous site reserved for her occupancy, immediately opposite the center of the Art Building, a distinction in which Pennsylvania alone shared. It was, therefore, decided to associate the State building in its architectural design rather with the main exposition than with the unrelated congeries of State headquarters. That point being determined, the selection of the style of the Italian Renaissance naturally resulted ; for, besides opening up the widest range of opportunity in treatment, it assured for the building a monumental and dignitied character, adajated alike for reception purposes and sunnner occupation. The next step was to find a type which would best fulfill all the requirements of the case. For many reasons, that of the Villa Medici, with necessary modifications, was adopted, its royal accessories suggesting an appro- priate headquarters for the Empire State, no less than a striking archi- tectural foil for the noble proportions and outline of the Art Building opposite. In thus establishino' the relation of New York State with the main enterprise, and by giving its building something of the monumental chai-acter in scale and other attributes which made the external side of the exhibition what it was, it is not intended in the least to disparage the excellent and creditable representation of several of the States in their buildings. But for the very reason which gave the chief struc- tures of the fair tlieir artistic unity, namely, a policy agreed on in advance and closely adhered to in the case of the Court of Honor, where all the buildings were constructed under certain restrictions, the Kepobt of Board of General Managers. 95 absence of sucli policy or coliesiou and agreement upon the part of different States made it a foregone conclusion that the treatment of tlie territory alloted to the States must result at the best in architectural confusion. Through the employ nient of the style of Italian Renais- sance, it also became possible to make use of the roof as a garden, with pots and shrubbery, from which a commanding view of the lake and surrounding exhibition (enjoyed by none of the other buildings) could be obtained. The area of the State building was 14,538 square feet exclusive of terrace and porticos, which covered an additional area of 3,676 square feet. Tlie length of the building proper was 154 feet, and, includ- ing porticos, 21-t feet. The depth of the main building was 89 feet, and, including terraces and steps, the extreme deptli was 112 feet. The height of the building from grade to cornice was 63 feet 2 inches, and to the apex of the tower roofs, 96 feet. The roof, consisting of two platforms surmounted by belvederes, covered an area of 14,000 square feet, and was reached by an elevator from the entrance hall of the building. The external aspect of the building, while in the main based on the lines of the Villa Medici, varied radically from it in many jjoints. First, in the grand staircase and terrace at the main approach : second, on tlie line of the first floor in the circular porticos flanking the state apartments at east and west ; third, in the detail of the building throughout, especially the frieze of boys tearing garlands, taken from the Farnesina palace, other details from the Spada palace ; and again, in the roof, which, barring tlie belvederes, was wholly flat. Tliis roof was furnished with earthen- ware jars brought over expressly from Naples and Perugia. These jars weighed from 60 to 6(''0 pounds each, and are identical with those used on every Italian villa and many of the palaces from Genoa to Naples. Tlie importation of these great flower pots was the first considerable one ever made to this country and formed one of the greatest embellishments of the building, and they were immediately copied liy the main exhibition in staff, as the chief adornment of the terrace bahistrade in the Court of Honor. In the modelinff of the details of the external ornamentation of the building, the best museum examples were carefully followed so as to secure correct style. At the main entrance were four Roman candel- abra reproductions from tlie museum at Xaples, and from the Barberini palace in Rome were taken two designs in antique sculpture from 90 i"fEW YOKK AT TJIK WoRLd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. "wliicli were modeled tlie lions that formed a separate and interesting feature of the building. The original sculpture referred to is built into the walls on the landing of the staircase of the Barberini palace and represents a lion in high relief but lacking the right shoulder, one of the fore pa\\-s and being otiierwise incomplete. Notwithstanding these defects, it never fails to lill the beholder with awe, and give the impres- sion of a degree of power and repose not seen in any of the other lions of the Renaissance. That this lion has not been widely copied is nndunbtedly due to the fact that it has always belonged to a private family, but tlirough government influence the architects were enabled to have an actual cast made of the original in ISOl, which reached America shortly before the New York State Building was designed. The cast Avas later presented to the board and furnished the senlptor, Potter, at once with an inspiration and an opportunity. After supply- ing the lost portions of the Roman original, he turned it into the round and then modeled for the completed lion a mate, differently posed but strictly in consonance with the treatment and tradition of the Roman sciilptor. The extreme diflicnlty of the task of making both lions appear to be the work of the same sculptor was only etpialled by the success with which ]\Ir. Potter conquered it. The monumental scale of the building made its facade most impres- sive. The height to the clere story roof line was seventy-seven feet five inches, the height of the deck floors between the belvederes was eighty-one feet, and the height of the floors of the belvederes was eighty-three feet above grade. The Italian heights of the stories dif- fering in their greater loftiness from those most familiar to American eyes, lent a certain majesty to both exterior and interior effect. The general character of the Imilding was sumj^tuous I'ather than florid and suggested a semi-public rather than a domestic use. The main floor of the building consisted of a vestibule measuring on the jjavement forty -six feet by seventeen feet six inches, and being thirty-three feet ten inches high ; of an entrance hall eighty-four feet long by forty-six feet deep and t«-enty feet six inches liigh ; of a grand staircase hall forty-six feet by thirty-seven feet, with a dome ceiling forty-six feet high ; of a suite of three drawing rooms on one side and three reading and Avi-iting rooms on the other. The architecture of the vestibule or loggia, while presenting on the street the jMedician motive, suggested in its -ceilings and end walls the Villa Madama, another of the outlying Roman villas, its niched fountains being like those in the U z < 1- z UJ z Report of Boaed of Gexeral Managers. 97 garden of the Yilla Madama, consisting of highly elaborated mosaic, Pompeiaa in composition and color, and ]'ecaUing the designs of Giulio Komano. This latter part of the work was confided to Messrs. Herter Bros., and carried out by them -svith great skill and artistic feeling. Reaching the entrance hall, a pillared chamber of approach to the main suite of rooms on the east and west, it was interesting to note that from this hall access was had directly to all parts of the building, including the roof, the grand staircase in the center, the approach to the roof garden, the coat rooms and lavatories on the left, the service offices of the building on the right, and upon the opposite side of the haU post and telegraph offices, as well as the private office of the board. Standing in the center of this hall one could command the whole length and depth of the buUduig from portico to portico, ■whose wide expanse proved none too large for the constant crowds for which it was intended. In this hall was placed a mosaic pavement of brass rehefs from designs by George Maynard of the " signs of the Zodiac," inlaid in marble, and carried out by John "Williams, Tiffany's metal worker, and presented by him as an exhibit. This work of art has since been secured by the new Boston Pubhc Library to be inlaid in its floors. In the women's state apartment or drawing rooms were three features of particular interest — the damask silk, copied in France from a Venetian fragment taken from an old palace in Yenice, and brought from Venice by Mi-. McKim in 1891 ; and the two chimney pieces, exact reproductions in Sienna and statuary marbles of early ItaUan Renaissance originals in the Metropolitan Museum, kindly lent for this purpose by General di Cesnola, and furnished and set without cost to the board as an exhil)it by Messrs. R. C. Fisher & Co. The decoration of the walls of the staircase leading from the lobby to the banquet hall was principally an adaptation of Pompeian decora- tions combined with oiiginal designs, in the same spirit, by C. C. Cole- man, of Xew York, under whose direction the work was done. The color of the walls, which were divided into panels, represented in gen- eral effect large surfaces of rich Pompeian orange red. Each panel was enriched by bands of orange and cream white lines, flanked by elaborate bands of arabesques interspersed with animals, cupids, floral designs, etc. Masks, vases and small painted pictures were introduced here and there wherever they would help the composition and general 13 98 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. effect. Mythological groups fonued the principal features of the center decoration of each field or panel. The decoration of the frieze above the panels and nnder the cornice, and above and between the columns at the foot of the stairway was composed of garlands of flowers and fruit held up by masks and rosettes, all painted upon a cream white ground. The ornaments in mouldings of the arclied ceiling overhanging the stairway, as also those of all the cornice work, and the capitals of the columns, and pilasters on the side walls were picked out in colors of blue, yellow and red to harmonize witli the rest of the decoration. The spaces between the mouldings of tlie arched ceiling were of a cream white surface against which were painted gi'oups of flying figures Mntli bandrols in imitation of ancient stucco relief work. The base supporting the large fields of Pompeian red from the beginning of the staircase to finish was of a blue black color against which were jDainted, growing out of the steps as it wei'e, rich masses of narcissus, a favorite flower of the ancients and often depicted by them in mural decoration. The second floor contained the banquet hall in tlie center, the execu- tive ofiices of the Board of Women Managers on the right togetlier -H-ith their reception and tea rooms. On the left were the executive office of the Board of General Managei's and the relic room, richly furnished with antiques and curios. The banquet hall, which occupied the central portion of the second floor, was of such magniticent proportions as to afford an opportunity for the finest artistic effects. The decoration was intrusted to Frank D. Millet of New York. The hall was intended as a ball room and reception room as well as banquet hall, and was, therefore, bound to be of sumptuous character. Its details were all Italian of a later period, specially selected for their richness and exuberance. The design was original and not taken from any particular liall. The prevailing tone was cr^am white relieved with gold and interspersed with other harmonious tints Avherever tlie treatment of the panels, columns and arches would warrant it. The effect produced was of the highest beauty, worthy of Mr. Millet's best efforts, and was conceded to be the finest example of interior decoration in Jackson Park. In the ceiling was the masterpiece of the room, a large painting on canvas by Mr. Millet. The theme was an allegory of the Empire State encouraging the arts and sciences. The State is represented by the goddess Juno, Queen of Heaven, seated among the clouds on a golden throne, attended by a peacock, the l)ird Report of Boaed of General Makagees. 99 consecrated to this goddess. In her right hand she holds the staff-like scepter with M'hich she is nsnallv hgured, and in her left a palm branch, significant of the peaceful character of the ceremony, while from an altar there rises a thin clond of burning incense, which floats around her sacred person. Three cupids strew roses in front of the throne and in the path of the approaching figures. Directly in front of the god- dess, and heading the group, is a youthful couple, the maiden in an attitud.8 of I'espectful homage leading by the hand a timid youth, rep- resenting Literature presenting Art to the consideration of the Queen. Behind Art and Literature Science is seen ready to advance with her claims to recognition, while Military Valor, Agriculture, Commerce, Statesmanship, the Science of Medicine and the Goddess of Fruits await their turn to receive their reward. Music, having finished a strain of rapturous melody, is about to rise to pay homage with the rest. This fine mural painting attracted much attention, and at the close of the fair was brought to Albany and will be placed in the Capitol. One of the most pleasing features connected with the decoration and furnishing of the State building was the public spirit and loyalty with which many Xe\r York firms offered to place at the disposal of the State as an exhibit sucli articles as they could furnish. Many of these offers were accepted. The carpets, antique rugs, di'a^^eries, portieres, hangings and other furnishings of the building carried out from special designs furnished by the architects were provided by TV. & J. Sloane, of Xew York city. The antique furniture, including cabinets, tajDestry and luxurious French and Italian models of the sixteenth and seven- teenth centuries whicli adorned the i-eception rooms on either side of the banquet liall were given by Duveen Bros., of J^ew York city. Three seventeenth century Italian tapestries in the banquet hall were particularly rare and costly, and one of them was valued at $6,000. A very magnificent and artistic group of electric light fixtures specially designed by Mr. E. A. Caldwell of the Archer tfe Pancoast Manufac- turing Company was a prominent feature of the building. The fine wrouffht-iron gilded balconv railings of the private boxes in the ban- quet hall were executed as an exhibit by John Williams of Tiffany & Co. after designs furnished by the architects. The landscape paper in the Board of "Women Managers' reception room was imported specially for the room by Fr. Beck & Co., of Xew York, and the same firm did much to assist the character of the build- 100 New York at 'riii'; World's C^ilumbian ExrosinoN. ing by tlicir \voi'k in other rooms. Tlie Diiparquet lluot & Moneuse Coinpanj presented the range and serving pantry to the Imildhig, and the LoriUard Ivefrigerator Company furnished all the necessary refriger- atory appliances. The pride with which a structure so superbly planned and eijiupped was calculated to till every JSTew Yorker visiting tlie fair was greatly enhanced by this demonstration of the generous rivalry of priA'ate lirins to imitate the public liberality which dictated the policy of the State towards the exposition. The third floor contained several private rooms used by the chief executive officer and employees of the connuission, and here also was the private dining room of the building reserved for the use of the attachds of the commission and tlieir friends. Towards the latter part of the season the restaurant facilities were increased, and any New Yorker could obtain admission to its privileges by applying to the office for a card of introduction. The New York State Building was in no sense a repository of exhibits. The few relics and curios in the building were more for the purpose of decoration than exhibition. It was designed as a con- venient and comfortable club house for New Yorkers, where tliey might rest, obtain infornuition, entertain their friends and imagine themselves once more on the soil of the Empire State. The building was at once recognized as the only one on the grounds propierly arranged for the entertainment of social and official gatherings and was in constant demand not only by New York people but for national, foreign and other State assend)lages. It was an unexpected turn of affairs but none the less satisfactory to our State pride that New York was thus virtually the hostess of the exposition. Tlic management of the State building was under the supervision of Mr. Louis Meredith Ilowland, of the Board of General Managers, in whose capable hands the social and official functions at the building were conducted witii the greatest possible success. TFoUowing is the list of functions held at the New York State Build- ing daring the exposition : June 2. — Reception to Governor Flower by Board of Women Managers. June 20. — Reception to Governor Fishback, of Arkansas (informal, by Women's Board). July 12. — Reunion of the American Society of the "Knights and Ladies of tlie Round Table." Eepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 101 July 13. — Reception to "Harper's Young People." July 13. — Banquet of New York Life Insurance Company. July 18.-- Reception to the Emma Willard Association by Mrs. Russell Sage. July 18. — Reception to Secretary and Mrs. Carlisle by Board of Women Managers. July 20. — Reception and banquet of united Greek letter societies. July 20. — Dinner of American Library Association. July 25. — Reception to Dr. Sheldon by Oswego Normal School Alumni. July 25. — Concert in aid of " Cold Storage fire " fund. July 26. — Reception to New York Association of Commercial Travelers. July 27. — Reception to Brooklyn representatives by State board. July 27. — Banquet to Mayor Boody. July 29. — Reception to Colonel and Mrs. Fred. Grant. Aug. 4. — Reunion of Scottish assembly. Aug. 21. — Reception to West Point cadets. Aug. 21. — Banquet to Commandant and oflScers of West Point cadets. Aug. 22.— Ball for West Point cadets. Aug. 23. — Banquet given to Buffalo committee by Board of General Managers. Sept. 4. — New York Day reception and ball given by Board of Gen- eral Managers. Sept. 5. — Reception given by the Chicago society, " Sons of New York." Sept. 6. — Banquet of foreign commissioners to railroad officials. Sept. 1. — Banquet and ball to Army and Navy officers on duty at the exposition. Sept. 8. — Entertainment by Japanese dancers to foreign and State commissioners. Sept. 22. — Banquet by National Typothetse. Sept. 26.-^- Banquet given Sovereign Grand Lodge of L O. 0. F., by the Illinois members. Sept. 27. — Reception and supper of the Patriarchs Militant I. O. O. F, Oct. 11. — Brooklyn " Eagle " reception. Oct. 14. — Mrs. Huntington's "kitchen garden" reception. Oct. 19. — World's fishery congress banquet. Oct. 21. — Manhattan Day reception. Oct. 21. — Lunch to General Miles and distinguisiied New Yorkers. Oct. 24.— Mary Washington tea party (in costume). Oct. 28. — Farewell banquet of State commissioners. Oct. 29. — Electricians' dinner. 102 New Yoek at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. Ill iuldition there were innumerable ])rivate diuuers and receptions, and, under the management of tlie Ixiard of Women Managers, informal teas Avere given every afternoon at five o'clock throughout the season, except when interrupted for a time by the death of Senator McNaugliton. Of the functions directly under the control of the Board of General Managers perluips the most elaborate and suc(;cssful \vere New York Day reception, Mauliattan Day reception, jVrmy and Navy banquet and ball. West Point cadets ball, Japanese evening, and tlie Benefit Concert in behalf of the sufferers by the fire on the exposition grounds. At this concert such eminent artists as Max Bendix, Senora Cervantes, Bickni'U Young and Knnua. Thursby kindly otfered their services. About $500 was added to the firemen's fund from the proceeds. The banquets and receptions of tiie various societies, such as the Odd Fellows, Scottish assembly, Typothette, etc., were naturally of a more restricted character, and in charge of the society oificers. The Board of General Managers iinifornily tendered every courtesy and con- venience possible to the visiting societies, and the following extract from the minutes of the Chicago Typothetfe, November 2, 1S93, is a fair example of the many acknowledgments made in return : Whkkeas, the Chicago Typothetm being under obligations to the com- missioners of the State of New York to the World's Columbian Exposi- tion for many favors extended them during the session of the National Typotheta! of America in this city ; therefore, be it Resolved, that the Chicago Typotheta3, speaking as well for the National Typothetfo of America, express to the commissioners of the State of New York their hearty appreciation of the graceful courtesj'' that placed the New York State Building at their disposal on the night of Sep- tember 22, 1893. Its magnificent banquet hall, typical of the richness of the Empire State, nobly housed our guests, Avhile the kindly interest of Mr. Louis Meredith Rowland, commissioner in charge, and Iris able and geuial assistants, made us all, gathered from many States, feel that we were sons of tho Knickerbockers, welcomed to our own. GOVEENOE FlOWEe's YiSIT. On June first Governor Roswell P. Flower visited the exposition, and remained about ten days. It was not an official visit, and the Governor devoted nearly all of his time, in company witli Chief Executive Officer McNaughton, to a coniprehensive inspection of New York's exhibits. Repoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managees. 103 He expressed himself as deiiglited beyond measure at the magnificent showing made by tlie Empire State, and declared it to be a duty incum- bent on every iS'ew Yorker who could possibly afford it to make the journey to Chicago, not only for the fair as a whole, but to view the unexcelled presentment of J^ew York's resources. Governor Flower was the steadfast friend of the New York exhibition from its inceptioii. As Congressman he had fought valiantly to have the fair located in New York city. As Governor he supported every worthy plan for the advancement of New York's interests, and rendered specially valuable service bj- his advocacy and prompt approval of the second appropriation bill. His speeches throughout the State during the summer and autumn of 1S93 contained many complimentary allusions to the New York display, and greatly increased public interest in the exhibits. Notable were his comments before an educational gathering iu the Potsdam Normal School, June 27, 1S93. We sometimes have to go away from home to find out how great we really are as a people. It was something of this feeling which impressed me as I went about the various buildings on the exposition grounds and studied the exhibits of different States and countries. Every New Yorker must feel proud, as I did, at the splendid showing the Empire State has made. In every department of art and industry New York's supremacy is at once revealed, and is generally recognized. The first building I entered after inspecting the New York State Build- ing was the Woman's Building, and I was taken to a handsome library which they lold me comprises 5,000 volumes written by women, and over 2,500 of them contributed by the brains of the women of New York State. So It 18 throughout the entire exposition — New York supreme everywhere. The most. conspicuous thing in her educational exhibit is the most sug- gestive thing of the entire exposition. It tells the story and gives the reason of her greatness. It is a broad, long map of the State, covering a generous portion of the wall, and dark with black disks. Every disk stands for a school house, and there are 12,000 of them. Nothing in all the exposition is more impressive than that map with its black disks. There is no county in the State not thickly sprinkled with them. It is the first time such a map has been made, and the credit of making it belongs to pupils of the high school at the capital of the State. The next thing that strikes the eye in the department of education at the World's Fair is the extent of the New York exhibit. We are just 104 New Toek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition, one-f orty-f ourth of tlie Union — only one State out of f orty-f out — but our educational exhibit occupies one-seventh of the whole space devoted to this department. No other State has so large an exhibit. No other State has its exhibit so nicely installed. You walk down one aisle and you see the representation of our great common school system of education — kindergarten, primary schools, grammar schools, high schools and trade schools — the great bulwark of our State. You walk down the opposite aisle and you see exhibited our elaborate system of higher education com- prised in the University of the State of New York, academies, colleges, professional and technical schools and universities — ^ a scheme of educa- tional effort unequalled in scope by the educational system of any State, and copied many decades ago because of its excellence by the government of France. Grovernor Flower refused all proffers of a public reception or banquet, but on June second an informal reception was tendered liini at the New York State Building bj the Board of Women Managers. Late in the season, at the time of the JSTew York Day celebration, Governor Flower made an official visit to the fair accompanied by his staff and prominent State officials. Beooklyn Day. The first of New York's sj)ecial celebration days was on June twenty-seventh, which was devoted to the city of Brooklyn. An elaborate jDrogramme was arranged which included a speech of welcome by Chicago's mayor, Carter II. Harrison, a response by the mayor of Brooklyn, David A. Boody; speeches by Thomas B. Bryan on behalf of the exposition, St. Clair McKelway of tlie Brooklyn " Eagle," and M urat rialstead of tlie " Standard-Union." Music was furnished by the Arion Singing Society of Brooklyn. An amusing feature of the literary programme was the witty passage at arms between Mayor Harri- son and Mr. McKelway on the respective merits of their two cities, in which, tlj^e Chicagoan was badly worsted. In the afternoon at the New York State Building a reception was given tlie ladies of Brooklyn by Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan, a member of the Board of Women Managers, and in the evening a reception and banquet was given Mayor Boody and other prominent Brooklyn representatives by the Board of General Managers. Though State days, National days, etc., had been provided for, Brooklyn was the first city to appropriate a day and devote it solely to Report of Board of General Managers. V'o the celebration of Ler glories. Her example was followed later iu the season by Xew York and Chicago. Dc)XALD !McXArGHTOX. During the latter pai-t of July, 1S93, the sickness and death of Donald MeXaughton, chief executive officer of the State board, threw a shadow of sadness over the Xew York contingent at the fair and turned tlie State Building into a house of mourning. His health had been far from good for four months previous to his death. He had constantly devoted liis time for a year to his duties as executive ofticial of the board, planning and developing a thoiisand schemes for Xew York's advantage and oftentimes not leavino- his office tiU eleven or twelve o'clock at night. In his restless energy and desire to see all things progressing well he took upon liimself work which others might properly have assumed. As a result of this continuous drain of nerve force a constitution naturally strong was so sapped that it was unable to coj^e successfully with disease. About the twentieth of June he had a slight attack of typhoid fever, but good medical attendance and proper care warded off the danger. Had he returned home and taken a complete rest for a month as urged by every one to do he would probably have regained his full strength, but no arguments could move him and he insisted on remaining at Ins jjost until too late for a retreat. He barely held his own for a time and towards the end of the month declined perceptibly. About the twenty-eightli of July an attack of peritonitis developed and though not of a ^-iolent nature proved fatal in his weakened con- dition and caused his death July 30, 189-3. Donald McXaughton was born of Scotch parentage in the town of Mumford, Monroe county, X. Y., March 29, 1830. His education was obtained in the pulJic schools of his town, and at the age of sixteen he entered the milling business as an assistant clerk. After working his way up to superintendent of the mill, he resigned and began the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in due time and began practice among his fellow townsmen. Affable and popiJar from boyhood, he rose i'a]>idly in their esteem and for eight j-ears represented them in the county board of supervisors and was often their delegate to county and State conventions. In 1864, for his efforts in filling the quota of the township of TTlieatland in the various drafts, he was presented by the citizens with a large law library. As his practice broadened he 106 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. removed liis law offices to Rochester, though he always retained his old home in Mumford and spent his leisure hours there. Mr. McNanghton at once became identified with the liberal and pro- gressive public sj)irit which has developed the city of Rochester, and occupied many positions of honor and trust. lie was secretary and president of the Rochester and State Line Railroad Company (now the Rochester and Pittsburg), a trustee of the Central Union Storage Company, a trustee of the Reynolds Library, president of the Scottish Society of Rochester, and secretary of the "Wheatland Historical Society. His first entrance into State politics was in 1887 when he was elected Senator from the twenty-ninth district, which is usually RejDublican by a large majoiity. In 1889 he was re-elected. His career in the upper house attracted wide attention, for though a member- of the minority his popularity among his fellow members was so great that if a bill came heralded as " one of McNaughton's little bills " it rarely failed in passing. At the close of his senatorial career he had obtained a repu- tation for unimpeachable integrity and few of his colleagues were con- sidered to liave a brighter political future than he. A third nomination for tlie Senate Avas declined by him in 1891, as he wished to devote himself entirely to his law practice. In April, 1892, after the passage of the "World's Fair Bill by the New York Legislature, Senator MclSTaughton was selected by Governor Flower for chief executive officer, as possessing in the highest degree the ability, popularity and creative energy necessary to place the New York exhibit in the front rank. To accomplish this in one year was an exacting task, but he bent to it every resource of his nature and sacrificed to its successful issue his time, his strength, and, as the sequel proved, his life. Only one incident was allowed to interrupt his labors and this attested in a further degree the remarkable popularity of the man. Always a staunch Democrat, he was induced by his party associates to accept the nomination for Congress in the thirtj^-first district in the fall of 1892. The county of Monroe, which comprises this district, is strongly Republican, and gave the Republican presidential candidate in this election 3,621 majority. Senator McNaughton, though giving but little time to his canvass, was defeated by only 507 votes. After the close of this " little recreation," as he termed it, his sole idea was the development of the New York exhibits ; and -^vlien at the close of a year's arduous labor he saw his many plans put successfully into effect, it was with a feeling of intense satisfaction that he removed Kepoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managers. 107 Ms offices to the State Building iu Jackson Park, and entered on the final stage of his career. That he was able to see with honest pride this part of his work done to the complete satisfaction of the thousands of New Yorkers who viewed the fair, and to the admiration and envy of his colleagues from other States, is gratifying to his friends. As chief executive officer of the New York board and with rooms in the State I^uilding, which was specially designed for receptions and enter- tainments, Senator McNaughton was brought into constant relations with other State and foreign officers and charmed all by his genial manner and never failing courtesy. No more sincere expressions of regret and sorrow for his death were received than from these friends who had known him but so short a time. Senator McNaughton never married, and as he had no brothers nor sisters was the last of his immediate line. Yet few men have been so widely mourned. His generosity, lavish to a fault, his kindness to all in need of advice or assistance, in addition to his other manly qualities, had raised for him a host of friends whose affection and regard were as strong as though based upon the blood bond. By his death New York lost an efficient and faithful public servant. The Board of General Managers for New York State in closing this record of his life and services bear witness to the loyalty, ability and zeal vdth which he discharged the exacting duties of his position and mourn with his man}' friends his untimely death. Memorial services were held in the New York State Building at noon, August 1, 1893, 'Rev. Simon J. McPherson, a life-long friend of the senator, officiating. Draped in black, the magnificent hall built for pleasure was a stately mausoleum, and emphasized with startling effect the uncertainty of life. Along the main avenue, where were situated the buildings of the States, flags were at half-mast and all signs of gaiety suspended. In the afternoon the remains were transferred to a private car, courteously tendered by the Michigan Central railroad, and accompanied Ijy a delegation from the Board of General Managers and attaches, were conveyed to Rochester. From Iiere a special train took with them a large assemblage of friends to Mumford, where the final burial rites were held in the village he had lived and labored in so long. Before returning to Chicago, a special meeting of the Board of Managers was held, August second, at the Spi'ing Creek Hotel, Mum- ford, and on motion of Mr. Howland, seconded by Mr. Thacher, the following preamble and resolutions were adopted : 108 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Whereas, the services of the Hon. Donald McNaughton as chief executive officer of the Board of General Managers of the exhibit of the State of New York, have been terminated by death: Resolveif, that the board bear testimony to the absolute fidelity and unselfish devotion which have marked the discharge of his duties to the board hy its late chief executive officer. Collectively, and individually, the members of the board could not fail to be impressed by the energy, earnestness and singleness of purpose with which, from the hour of his appointment to the very close of his life, Mr. McNaughton did his work of providing for the representation of his State at the Columbian Exposition. Dying literally at his post of duty, and with its requirements never absent from his miiid, this faithful steward of the responsibilities committed to him by the Governor of the State, must remain an example of all that is highest and most worthy of imita- tion in those exercising the authority of public office. Resolved, that copies of these resolutions be sent to the Governor of the State of New York, to the Mayor of the city of Rochester, and to Mr, Oliver Allen, of Mumford, N. Y. On July thirty first, at a meeting of the National Commission in the Administration Building, the following resolutions, which were intro- duced by Hon. John Boyd Thaclier, were adopted: Wqbreas, by the inscrutable decree of Providence, the Hon. Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer of the Board of General Managers of the exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian Expo- sition, has beeti suddenly taken away in the midst of bis earnest and arduous labor for his State on behalf of the exposition: Resolved, that the World's Columbian Commission, recognizing the intelligence, energy and self-sacrificing zeal which Mr. McNaughton brought to the discharge of his duties and the brilliant results of his labors which are manifest wherever New York is lepresented at the expo- sition, tender to the Board of General Managers of the exhibit of that State their sincere condolence and most profound regret at the loss of an officer so capable, faithful and conscientious. Resolved, that the secretary be instructed to forward a copy of these resolutions to the Board of General Managers of the exhibit of the State of New York. The New York State Building was thrown open to the public on the day following the funeral, but all receptions and afternoon teas were omitted until August sixteenth. During the sickness of Senator < X LU z < 1- Kefoet of Boaed of Geneeal Managees. 109 MeNaiighton and tlie interiiu between his deatli and the qiialilication of his successor, the work of the chief executive ofhcer was ably per- formed by his confidential secretary, Mr. Jolni II. Reynolds, and the financial secretary of the board, Mr. George S. Stevens. On August fourth Governor Flower aj^pointed as chief executive officer ex-Senator John Foley, of Saratoga Springs. Mr. Foley is prominently known in legal circles throughout the State, and was for many years district attorney of Saratoga county. He was a member of the fifty-sixth Senate with Mr. McNaughton, and like liim elected as a Democrat in a strong Rejaublican district. To step into the lield at this late day, unfamiliar with all details, and take up the work where Senator McNaughton left it, was a delicate and difficult task ; br.t the result justified the confidence reposed in him bj' the Governor. His popularity and ability, combined with a high degree of executive firm- ness, made him particularly well fitted to bring the affairs of the board to a successful close. Westeen New York Day. The week of August twentieth to twenty-sixth included many features distinctively New York's. The West Point cadets were in camp on tiie plaza before the Government Building and attracted universal admiration for their soldierly bearing, accvirate drill and gentlemanly conduct when off duty. On Monday a reception was given Colonel Mills, the Commandant, and the cadets at the State Building. On Tuesday, the twenty-second, a grand ball in tlieir honor was also given in the New York Building, which was attended by tlie prominent officers and society people at the fair and in the city. August twenty-thii-d was reserved for Western New York, and over 4,000 people from Buffalo, Rochester and other cities and towns came in special trains. An attractive progrannne had been prepared, and the low rates and excellent arrangements made by tlie local committee induced so large a delegation to come. In the banquet hall, at four o'clock in the afternoon, Mayor Carter Harrison of Chicago welcomed tlie Buffalonians in one of his witty and cliaracteristic speeches. Mayor Bishop of Buffalo responded on behalf of his constituents, and the Hon. Thomas B. Bryan of Chicago delivered the oration of the day. In the evening a banquet given by the New York Board of Managers to the Buffalo committee pleasantly terminated a most interesting day. Covers were laid for forty-two guests, and Senator Foley, as presiding officer, called out many bright inqjromptu speeches by the toasts he 110 New Yokk at the "World's Columbian Exposition. projjosed. The banquet was informal and one of the most enjoyable of the season. New Yokk Day. September third was selected early in the spring for New York day, because of the historical significance bestowed upon it by Henry Hud- son when, on the same date in the year 1609, he first dropped anchor in the sheltered watei-s of New York bay. The energetic Englisliman in command of his Dutch vessel was an accidental navigator of the beautiful stream named in his honor, and as his restless sail urged liis vessel onward the haauty of the Palisades and the romantic grandeur of the Highlands caught but a passing exclamation of surprise, for his heart beat only for one purpose, his eyes sought only for one vision, the inland sea whose waves should bear him to tlie shores of coveted India. But from the failures of one often come the victories of the many. When at the head of navigation he disappointedly turned his vessel's prow to the southward, no one could foresee that the first step had been taken in the development of a highway of commerce which, including New York's vast area, should extend to tlie great lakes, to Chicago, to tlie upper waters of the Mississippi and tlie great wheat fields of the Northwest, laying under tribute a country ten-fold richer than the India for which he sighed. The more the history of tlie voyages undertaken to discover a short nortliern route to Asia is studied the more we are compelled to agree with Dr. Aslier, one of the biographers of Hudson, that these ventures, in spite of their fruitlessness, belong to the most important events that history records. To them England owes her American discoveries and colonies, her sway of the ocean, lier fisheries of cod and whale, her transatlantic and northern trade ; in short,. that progress by which from a kingdom of very limited power she has risen to the first place among the empires of ancient and modern times. It is to the consequences of these same apparently fruitless undertakings that the United States owe their existence, the Dutch their freedom and glory, the Russians their connection with the west of Europe. Wlien we consider what the fate of Europe would have been without the victory of England and the Netherlands over Spain we may almost be justified in placing the importance of the early northern voyages even above that of Columbus' magnificent discovery. It was, therefore, an event of international significance, as well as the glory and honor of the Emjjire State, that was celebrated by New Kepoet of Board of General MajstAgees. ill York's representatives on September tliird, or, more accurately spsak- iiig, on September fourth, since the anniv^ersary day fell on Suutlay. Over 160,000 people were on the grounds during tlic day, and a fair percentage of them wore the purple and gold badges of the Empire State. Among New York's otficial representatives were Governor Roswell P. Plower and staff ; Hon. Frank Rice, Secretary of State ; Hon. Frank Campbell, Comptroller ; Hon. Elliot Danfortli, State Treasiyer ; Flon. Simon W. Rosendale, Attorney-General ; Hon. Martin Schenck, State Engineer and Surveyor ; Hon. Austin Lathrop, Super- intendent of State Prisons ; Flon. James F. Crooker, State Superintend- ent of Public Instruction ; Hon. William Sulzer, Speaker of the Assemblj' ; the General Managers of the exhibit of the State of New York, District Commissioners and members of the Board of Women Managers. At eleven o'clock the banquet hall and auditorium of the State Building was crowded with JSTew Yorkers and invited guests. ■ Me. Depew's Speech. As president of the Board of Managers of the exhibit of the State of New York the Hon. Chauncey M. Depew made the opening address. He spoke as follows : Governor Flower, Ladies and Gentlemen : Two hundred and eighty-four years ago yesterday Hendrik Hudson cast anchor inside of Sandy Hook. Though not so fortunate as Columbus, he possessed in equal measure the qualities which won success and fame for the discoverer. No sailor ever entered upon voyages so venturesome with such limited resources and meagre equipment. His skill and daring, his courage and faith, carried a shallop and scanty crew where a modern steamship could hardly go. He reached nearly the highest point yet attained beyond the Arctic circle. He tried every bay and inlei in the effort to pierce the icy barrier of the frozen North. He breasted the mountainous waves of Labrador and the storms of the New England coast, and then rested in the harbor of New York. Columbus sought to carry his religion to the heathen and find the go"d of the fabled El Dorado, but Hudson sailed in the interests of the expanding commerce of the world. It was the belief of his times that a shorter passage to India would increase the trade and wealth of nations. The Orient was supposed to possess boundless riches for the Occident if shorter and cheaper chan- nels of communication could be opened. The commercial energies of 112 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. Em ope were devoted to this quest during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. It was reserved for our time to supply through the Suez canal the pas- sage to the Indies which Hudson vainly tried to find. The event was important to international trade, but not one of the inestimable blessings of our race. It augmented the power of the British empire and opened the interior of India to the enterprise of the West, but it added little to the happiness and liberty of mankind, Hendrik Hudson failed to find a northwest passage to India, but he did discover the passage from the Atlantic ocean to the northwest. It was of infinitely greater importance than the object of his search. It is the history of all great actors and thinkers upon the world's stage that they builded better than they knew. When the glorious bay, with its superb harbor and noble river, enchanted the navigator he little dreamed of the significance of the Hudson, which should forever bear his name and perpetuate his fame to the settlement and development of the American continent. He had found the only depression in the mountains through which the ocean could be wedded to the lakes. He had brought the western wilderness within the reach of the emigrant, and found its fertile fields for the seeds of empire. The opening of the Suez canal and bringing Europe and India in closer relations was an event. The discovery of the Hudson river was an epoch. A great and growing Commonwealth on the border of the lakes, filled with millions of people, who in fleeingfrom other lands have found liberty, happiness and home, is among the results of his discovery. It has incal- culably increased the material, moral and intellectual welfare of the buman race. It has made possible the strength, the power and the perpetuity of the republic. Hendrik Hudson discovered Chicago. This city is as much indebted to him as New York. His deeds gave the opportunity and furnished the incentives which have created this present and potential capital of the West. The genius of commerce brought Hendrik Hudson to New York, and when he sailed away she made the island of Manhattan her home. In due tiibe, through Fulton and Livingston, she applied steam to naviga- tion upon the waters of the Hudson and revolutionized the relations of the trading nations of the earth with each other. Through Morse she brought electricity to the service of man and belted the globe with light- ning to carry tlie messages of commerce and peace. It has been the experience of all the ages that the highest results of expanding civiliza- tion were always to be found along the public highways of the world. Upon their borders and within the area of their influence great cities were JOHN FOLEY, Chief Executive Officer Kepokt of Boakd of General Managers. 113 founded and empires developed. There learning and tlie arts flourished and humanity had both opportunity and ambition for the highest intel- lectual development. The "Half Moon," upou which Hendrik Pludson stood as she entered our harbor, was a Dutch ship with an English captain and a crew of many nationalities. She fitly typified the hospitable and cosmopolitan character of the future metropolis and the coming Empire State. She represented that gepius of commerce whose handmaidens are civil and religious liberty. The witches of New England fleeing from the hangman and the scaffold found welcome and shelter in tolerant and liberal New York. The same spirit continued down the years, brought the Yankee over to disj^ossess the Dutchman froni political po«'er and the Irishman to dethrone the Yankee, and the German, the Scandinavian, the Italian, the Frenchman, the Rus- sian, the Dane and the Spaniard to enjoy the equal benefits and the unequaled opportunities of the great city and State of New York. This cosmopolitan town, while it is the first of American cities, yet has more Irish than any city in Ireland, more Germans than any city in Ger- many save Berlin, and enough Italians to equal the population of the second class cities of Italy. We should fail properly to celebrate the day if we did not pay tribute to those emigrants from Holland who founded the State and left upon it the indelible impress of their spirit and princi- ples. It has been the misfortune of the early Dutch settlers that the genius of Irving ran riot in a humorous history of their habits, occupa- tions and achievements. I have said that great leaders and thinkers have always builded better than they knew. There is one exception — the fathers of the American republic. The works of Washington and Jefferson, of the Ailamses and Hamilton, of Jay and of Madison show that, notwithstanding the dis- couragements of their surroundings and the narrow basis upon which they were organizing their republic, they anticipated without dreaming of the results which would follow steam and electricity, a nation possessing the powers, the population and the attributes which belong to the United States of to-day. Ot those constructive statesmen there was one of such marvelous, such precocious, such commanding genius that be stands easily at the head of the intellectual giants of his own age, with hardly a peer in any age. The impress of Alexander Hamilton is upon our Federal Constitution, in our judicial system, and pervades the whole of our fiscal policy, He fitly represented and with consummate and commanding ability the spirit of New York. She never has been narrow, never sec- tional and never has put her State flag and State interests in advance of the interests of the republic. She has always believed and acted upon 15 114 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. the belief that the preservation of American liberty and the unequaled advantages of American opportunities could only be had and enjoyed in the preservation of the American union. New York is here to-day celebrating her day, claiming the elements vrhich constitute her glory, but only in that spirit of friendly emulation which recognizes the merits of- every one of the sister Commonwealths. We are here in this building with its admirable architecture, its aitis- tic fini&h and hospitable dimensions. We are here with our arts, our agri- culture, our manufactures, the products of our mines and our forests, the illustrations of our educational system and of our general progress, to explain to the other Commonwealths and to the world why it is that we enjoy and retain and will continue to hold the proud position of the Smi)ire State of the American Union. We are here with our Governor to say to the country and to the rep- resentatives of other nations that we have done our best for the excellence and success of this great exhibition. It will be the distinguishing feature of this century that in its last years and dying hours there gathered upon the borders of Lake Michigan such a display of the beneficent results of peace and good will among men in promoting the happiness of mankind and the welfare of all people as no other age has ever seen. May its example be felt in every department of industry, in the realm of diplo- macy, and in the expansion of liberty during the twentieth century. I will now introduce a New Yorker; a New Yorker of New York; one to the manor born and with some old Dutch blood in him. He is New York itself, officially. Governor Flower. Gov. Flower's Speech. Gov. Flower spoke as follows : Mr. President, Gentlemen of the Commission, and Fellow-citizens of JVew York and other States : We came here nearly a year ago, representing the Empire State, to dedicate ^his building to the purposes of the exposition. We brought with ns our best wishes for the great success of the national enterprise, and we pledged our best efforts for the accomplishment of that end. To-day we have returned to witness the result of your labor and ours — to celebrate a triumph made possible by the stupendous enterprise of this western metropolis and shared without jealousy by the people of the entire country. If upon this occasion, devoted particularly to the celebration of New York achievement, we congratulate ourselves also on New York's part in the work and the triumph, our fellow-citizens of other States Repoet of Board of Geneeal Managees. 115 will, I am sure, indulge us in our felicitations and justify our enthusiasm, for they cannot have seen much of this fair if they have not detected the prominent place which New York has taken in it. This whole magnificent and unrivaled exposition has been held to com- memorate the discovery of Columbus that opened a new world to civiliza- tion and a new home to freedom. It is, therefore, fitting that the day which the Empire State has chosen as her own at the exposition should mark the date in her history which connects her with the achievements of another great navigator. It was on the 3d of September, 1609, that Henry Hudson, in command of the " Half Moon," drojjped anchor inside of Sandy Hook and began that memorable exploration which prepared the way for coming commerce and marked the path by which was to be devel- oped the future wealth and greatness of the State of New York. It was a short cut to the Indies that Hudson sought. It was a highway into the heart of a new continent, destined to become richer than the Indies, that he found. Baffled and disappointed, a victim to the treachery cf his own crew, Hudson died, leaving the profitless search for a northwest pas- sage to Asia to serve as a lure for adventurous navigators for full 200 years more. But the commerce for which he prepared the home at the mouth of the noble river which bears his name was not long in becoming a solid fact, and it is to-day one of the most notable manifestations of human enterprise on the face of the globe. There is abundant evidence of the extent and variety of the trade of New York to be found in the contents of the beautiful buildings in this park. Out of all the 176 groups of the exposition classification there are very few in which some New Yorker does not exhibit, and in most of them the New York exhibits fix the standard of the display. Representa- tive firms from New York are in the front rank of exhibitors in every com- mercial department of this exposition ; the artists of New York stand for th*^ major part of American achievement in painting and sculjjture, and the State has come in as an exhibitor here on a scale worthy of its imperial status. I had occasion to say in this building, October twenty-second last, that New York would join this congress of nations, bringing the best she has of the bounty of nature and the art of man. I outlined the character of the display which the State proposed to make in seven of the great departments of the exposition, and I am happy to say we have been able to do all and more than all that we promised. There is no more complete and carefully classified presentation of the farm products of any State than is to be found in the New York pavilion in the Agricultural Builditig. It has been a revelation to the western visitor to find how vast and varied is the range of the field crops of New York, and how well fitted most of 116 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. them are to stand comparison with the very best which the country has to show. From its cereal crop to its tobacco, from the beans in whose pro- duction it excels all the rest of the Union to its hops, its flax and its grasses. New York's display of agricultural wealth has been among the surprises of the exposition. In the Agricultural Building New York has also made a unique exhibit of apiculture. Here may be found several colonies of bees actively at work and passing in and out of the building to bring their spoil from the flowers of the Wooded Island, or of the parks and fields far beyond the limits of the exposition. Here, too, may be seen the fruit of the labors of the bee from the comb all through the series of its ingenious conversions into articles of food or medicine. As the greatest dairy State in the Union New York has an exhibit commensurate with the import- ance of its butter and cheese product, and the 9,000,000 pounds of its annual wool clip do not lack adequate representation. The native and naturalized trees of this State have never been shown as they are here. It is equal to an education in forestry to study the transverse, radial and tangential sections of the trees of New York represented by 106 sjiecies and illustrated by photographs and pressed or artificial specimens of leaf- age, flower and fruit. And if the pre-eminence of New York in the pro- duction of fruit and flowers has ever been doubted, it will not again be called in question after seeing the long procession of her garden, green- house and orchard growths, which has unfolded itself here from week to week and month to month. In the scope, beauty and extent of its floral display New York has been admittedly first among the States. It has planted an old-fashioned flower garden and it has made a fine orchid dis- play. From the great bay trees at the main entrances of the horticultural building to the aquatic plants in the basin of the fountain, from the fancy beddings which it has kept filled at the side of the building to the roses and rhododendrons on the Wooded Island, New Y'"ork is represented every- where that there is foliage or bloom in the beautiful park before us. Of all the fruits grown in this country, save only the semi tropical kinds. New York ha\ shown a greater number of varieties than any other State, and of grapes and their products it has made a showing worthy of a Common- wealth whose grape crop has a higher cash value than that of any other in the Union. Though New York does not rank as a mining State its mineral pro- ducts are rich and varied. Its clay alone supplies the raw material for a brick industry worth $8,500,000 a year. Neither money nor pains have been spared to niake an adequate display in the department of mines and mining, and the State has installed in its pavilion here a very fine exhibit Hepoet of Boaed of General Managers. 117 of building stones, clays and sands, of limestone and marl, gypsum and brine and rock salt, iron ores, shale, graphite, feldspar, quartz, garnet and talc. The petroleum product of the State is represented as well as its world-famous mineral waters. It has erected an obelisk showing the whole series of its geological formations, and it has sent from the State museum a scientific collection of minerals, the result of years of careful selection and of the highest educational value. To the botanical exhibit it has contributed a rare collection of edible and poisonous fungi, and to the zoological exhibit that unique specimen known as the Cohoes masto- don and a collection of the land and fresh-water shells and of the mam- mals of the State. For an illustration of the aboriginal life of the continent, New Yoik has sent representatives of the six tribes of the Iroquois confederacy with their " long house," wigwams, canoes and charac- teristic occupations, customs and ceremonies. The physical contour of the State is shown in the Mining Building in a superb relief map, and its canal system is delineated on another relief map in the Transportation Building. In the same section is the illustrative material showing the rail- road system of the State in all its ramifications. By land and water New York remains what nature has made it — the gateway of the continent. One-seventh of the entire space devoted to educational exhibits in the department of liberal arts is occupied by New York. At its entrance hangs a map which indicates the reason of this proud pre-eminence, for on it may be found marked the location and grade of eveiy school and col- lege in the State figured by dots, which are as the stars of the heaven for multitude. From the kindergarten to the university the whole scheme of education is represented here. There are specimens of the simplest kind of manual training, and examples of the highest forms of intellectual exercise. The school work is classified grade by grade, and shows in suc- cessive groups the nature, appliances and results of the sj'stem by which the State preserves its citizenship from the blight of illiteracy. The growth and development of the school system of the State for the last twenty-five years may be studied in statistical charts, and, from a com- plete collection of text books to the phonographic reproduction of musical work, no detail has been omitted by which the world may judge of the value of New York's contribution to the education of the jieople of the United States. The business colleges of the State make a good showing, and there is a fine collective exhibit of the New York city art schools, the Art Students' League, and other institutions of similar scope. Conspicu- ous among the exhibits of schools devoted to manual and technological instruction is that of the Pratt Institute of Brooklyn, and the unique product known as the Chautauqua system of education is amply and ably 118 New York at the World's Columbian Expositiokt. illustrated here. There is no older school system in the country than that of New York, and there is no part of its civil organization of which it is more justly proud. The great work which New York State and its civil subdivisions do for the relief of pauperism, for the care of the insane and the education of the defective classes has been demonstrated at this exhibition as it has never been before. The whole range of activity of the charitable, correc- tional and reformatory institutions of the State has been shown in a way which makes the subject clearer than volumes of reports could do. It is the boast of our Christian civilization that it cares for those whom pagan civilization neglected. The private and public beneficence of New York transcends all limitations of sect or creed, and its graphic delineation here may well challenge the attention of the world. In all the work ot woman at the fair the women of New York have done their full share. They have decorated and furnished the library in the Woman's Building, they have been the largest contributors to its exhibit of works of art and its collection of articles of historical mterest. The trained nurses' exhibit was made under the supervision of the New York Board of "Women Managers, and the New York cooking school exhibit was organized under their auspices. They have installed one of the most interesting and instructive exhibits of the fair in a grouping of the results of the education of the women of the Afro- American race. The representatives of the women of New York at the Columbian Expo- sition have shown in every field of effort which has been open to them their characteristic capacity, enterprise and far-reaching sympathy with all that is best and noblest in human effort. New York has built two houses at the fair. One is the palatial struc- ture before us, a fitting representation of the dignity and opulence of tha Empire State. The other is a humble structure at the opposite end of the park destined to show how a workingman and his family may be enabled to live with due regard to the requirements of sanitation and healthful nutriment for $500 a year. The house in which we stand has been one of the sights of the fair. It has been a matter of pride to every New Yorker visiting Jackson Park that the headquarters of his State were so beautiful, 80 commodious and so popular. He has found here the conveniences of a club, the educating influence of a museum, and the rest and refreshment of a summer villa. The true attitude of the people of New York toward this exposition has nowhere been more fitly represented than in the superb proportions and princely magnificence of this their State house of call. But if this be New York's idea of the regal attire which befits her as a guest at the table of nations, the other edifice — the model workingman's Rbpoet of Boaed of General Managers. 119 home — is no less typical of her care for the welfare of the lowly and her sense that the qualities which go to make her great ai'e those which are nourished in the homes of the toilers. And, for all this and more than I have been able to specify in detail. New York has had her reward. Judged by the most practical standard, the foremost commercial State of the Union could afford to be represented here generously, even lavishly. Her producers and merchants could not if they would have been swayed by any narrow sectional prejudice, and it would have been foreign to all the history and alien to every great tradition of the State to have left any question about too frank and friendly rivalry with which it sought to enhance the glories of the Colum- bian Exposition. That has been recognized by every visitor to the fair, and by none more cordially than by this great, progressive and whole-souled western people, with whose interests our own are so closely bound. Their triumph here has been largely ours, and in their satisfaction with the grand, the world-famous result we can participate not onlj'^ without jealousy, but with the calm assurance that we have done our full share toward rendering it immortal. Had the fair, as most of us hoped, been held within our own borders, there would have been no grudging, halting CO operation from the West. Carried out as it has been on a scale more splen did and more comprehensive than we had ever dreamed of, it is a proud satisfaction to be able to say on behalf of New York : " We are in it as no other State is ; we are of it as no other State could be ; we shall come out of it with laurels which will be among the most cherished of our pos- sessions, and the most enduring part of the legacy which the Empire State of to-day will transmit to the remotest posterity." I cannot close without adding my contribution to the many tributes of respect that have been paid to the memory of the late Donald McNaughton, the chief executive officer of the Board of General Managers of the State exhibit. No man could have worked more assiduously, more laboriously than he did in preparing for an adequate representation of the State at the Columbian Exposition. With every detail of the process he was familiar, and no one can have felt more genuine satisfaction with the result. His whole public career was marked by absolute devotion to the interests of those whom he represented, and he brought to the discharge of his duties in connection with this fair a self-sacrificing conscientiousness which is not so common as to pass without special notice. The State is fortunate which can command the services of such men ; the State is great which out of the ranks of its citizenship can at all times summon such men to assume public responsibilities. Donald McNaughton was a genuine son of New York, and his pride in his native State was of that 120 New Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. noble kind which made him ambitious to add to its historic luster. The career of such a man is a legacy of which the income never ceases to grow. For the example which he set and the public spirit which he diffused survive him in the lives of those who came within the sphere of his influence, and so, in ever-widening circles, the impulse derived from a good man's life helps the work of regenerating the world. Mr. Mc- Naughton lived long enough to see the fruit of his labors here, and died amid the very triumphs which he helped to create. There will be no need to fear about the future of New York while it is served by men so capable, so disinterested, and so patriotic as Donald McNaughton. Dieectoe-Geneeal Davis' Speech. The band played "Auld Lang Syne," and then Mr. Depew intro- duced Director-General Davis, who spoke as follows : I can heartily and cheerfully bear testimony to the claims you (the Governor) have presented so eloquently of New York's participation in this exposition. Much was expected from that great State, and I am glad to say its government and its citizens, as a whole, have not failed in meeting every expectation. While from the standpoint of the progressive and impatient West it may have been thought a little tardy in its preliminary action, we never lost faith in its intention and were fully aware of its capacity. To you, sir, as the chief executive of the State, we are under many obligations for your personal and official interest, always heartily mani- fested when opportunity or occasion required it. You, sir, and the citi- zens of New York can take a pardonable pride on this day in inspecting the grand exhibits which so well present the wonderful resources of the Empire State which have been installed upon these grounds. New York has been given in all of the departments prominent and positive position, and all the space assigned has been well and creditably occupied and main- tained to the great benefit of the exposition and to the glory and renown of your State. ' New York is not only fully represented here in all of the exhibit depart- ments, but she is and has been honorably and abundantly represented in the management and building of this exposition. It cannot be forgotten that Richard M. Hunt, the architect of the Administration Building, was the chairman of our board of architects; that George B. Post was the archi- tect of the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building, and that McKim, Mead & White were the architects of the Agricultural Building. You cannot look about these grounds without sedng the evidences of the handiwork Repoet of Boaed of Geneeax Managers. 121 and artistic touch of St. Gaudens and Frank Millet, or view the exhibit of floriculture without being reminded that John Thorpe is with us. The deliberations of the Board of Lady Managers, in the absence of the president, are presided over with queenly grace by a lady from New York. I need not remind you that a citizen of New York is in immediate command of the important Bureau of Awards; that one of her most elo- quent orators delivered the oration on the occasion of the dedication of the grounds and buildings; that a citizen of that State, in the person of the Vice-President of the United States, accepted on behalf of the people of the United States the grounds and buildings for the purpose of an international exposition, and that still another citizen of New York, in the person of the President of the United States, set the wheels of the exposition in motion on opening day. New York has done splendidly, and to emphasize how fully we appre- ciate her great interest and her great work we have come here this morn- ing, accompanied by our chief oflicers, representing every part of the great organization which has carried on this work under the direction of the National Commission and the board of directors, to extend to the imperial Commonwealth of New York, in the person of her chief executive, a royal welcome to this imperial exposition of which New York is so important a part. The State Day Poem. Mr. Depew then introduced the poet of the day, Mr. Joseph O'Connor of tlie Rochester " Post-Express," who read the following poem ; It happens oftener than we deem That we should do the good unsought, unknown, Of which we did not dream; That from the good we aimed at we should swerve, And in our dear delusion so subserve God's purposes, as we defeat our own. The Genoese who sailed A westward course, in the wild hope to find The distant Indies, failed; But in the quest for the rich orient He touched the fringes of a continent And gainc d a nobler blessing for his kind; Though dying unaware Of the full fruitage of his enterprise And all its glory rare, And half believing Oiinoco's tide, 16 122 New Yoek at the "Woeld's Columbian Expositioh Far shining through the tropic forests wide- The stream around the Earthly Paradise. The Englishman who sought A land-locked passage unto far Cathay In vain, not vainly wrought; Since the great city of the younger world Has risen where the weary sails were furled, And Hudson sings his name in crooning spray. The earnest multitudes That hither came from many a distant strand And braved the solitudes, After the hope of brilliant conquest failed. And the fierce fever of adventure paled, Thought little of tlie future of the land. These simply yearned for peace; These for the right to conscience and to creed. And hate's surcease; And all rejoiced to hold some share of soil, Content to spend themselves in honest toil, And wait the garnered harvest from the planted seed. With nature face to face, Prom old condition and convention free, They grew in power and grace; Alert, elate, resourceful, confident. By wood and stream unawed they came and went, And drew the breath of ancient liberty. They had for heritage Old Europe's maxims and experience Of soldier, slave, and sage; But earth was round them in her virgin youth, Fi'om her they caught at primal right and tnith, And touched the meanings of Omnipotence. They never sought in sooth. The Eden visioned in Columbus' mind. Nor Leon's fount of youth, Nor cared if Raleigh's golden city gleam Afar in maze of misty hill and stream, Nor wished to voyage after Hudson's Ind. They toiled; and blest the spade; Report of Boaed of General ^Managers. 123 They fought and did not scorn to praise the sword; They kept the laws they made; They hated privilege and laughed at birth That brought no heritage of grace and worth; They suffered and submitted to the Lord. And when occasion rose, Each frankly pledged his honor, fortune, life, Against oppressive foes; And fusing into loving brotherhood In flame of sacrifice and smoke of blood There came a nation from the happy strife — In all things brave and new. With realms of mountain, lake and sky-bound plain. And to this teaching true — Man's dignity, equality of men, A sovereignty in every citizen. The people's good the guaranty to reign. Oh, sailors, bold and brave, Of olden time, that took the wandering spray And climbed the unknown wave. Although we give to each due meed of fame And wreath with laurel every sea-sweet name, Te did not find nor make America! The hope, the love, the thought Of millions joined to nourish as it grew; The toil of ages wrought Through nature's ample dower of mine and field, And many a soldier fell across his shield Ere we could pause to find your sea dreams true — Lo, many a costly bale Beyond the scope of Asian caravan; A fountain in the vale Whose mists resolve the time-worn race's ills; A golden city in the distant hills; Almost an Eden for regenerate man! No wonder we rejoice! Tet breaking through the jubilee of praise There comes a warning voice. The tale of those that won, but could not hold, 124 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Of those that rose with steel and fell with gold. The great republics of the ancient days. A touch of selfish greed, The taint of luxury in social health. The hates of class or creed. The lure in politics to civic guilt Might sap the stately home the fathers built And take the household spirit as by stealth; And in some coming time A generation might arouse in fear And sense of loss and crime, To find the new world faith and feeling dead The old world's standards ruling in their stead. And nothing but another Europe here ! Due honor to the lands From which we sprung; all hail the ancient fame Of kindred hearts and hands! But we began with all that they had won, A counsel of perfection calls us on; To do no more than they have done were shame. 'Twere better far, I hold, To see the Iroquois supreme once more Among the forests old, From hill-girt Hudson's current broad and slow To where 'twixt Erie and Ontario Leaps green Niagara with a giant's roar; To see the paths pursued By commerce with her flying charioteers Tangled with solitude, The Indian trail uncoil among the trees. The council runner's torch against the breeze -kits signal fling — "the smoke that disappears;" To have the wigwam rise By summer-haunted Horicon so fair; Fruit blooms and grain-gold dies Fade from the shadows in Cayuga's tide. The vineyards fall on Keuki's sun beat side, The mill-crowned cliffs of Genesee made bare. 'Twere better far desire To see Manhattan's self Hid desolate. < X z < a: Kepoet of Boakd of Genekal Managees. 125 Drear as another Tyre, Her palaces in ruins overset, Her shores begirt with weed and drying net, And not a lettered stone to tell her fate; Tea, and her rival here, Arising like the domes of Kubla Khan In poet's vision clear, . Dissolved as swift again along the strand To grassy swamps and dunes of sifted sand, Sputned by the scornful spray of Michigan. Such things must come again, Wherever in their hope and virtue rise A race of wise, free men; But what were grain field, railway, granite street, Or golden ornament, or gallant fleet. If he who made, whose service glorifies. Should suffer, shrink, and dwarf In plain, or mart, or by his factory wheels. Or on the crowded wharf ? Since not the mountain, in his cloudy stole, Nor the great sea, outranks the conscious soul That knows their glory and their beauty feels. But out on dreams of dread! In him I put my waking faith and trust, A king in heart and head, Who masters forces, shapes material things, Who loves his kind, whose common sense has wings. The true American, the kindly just, Full prompt in word and deed. And ready, to make good some human hope. In time of utter need, To cross at Delaware the ice's gorge, Or tread blood boltered snow at Valley Forge, Or keep at Gettysburg the gun-shook slope! And greater faith I ask For that mysterious power that watches o'er The workman at his task; That shapes his effort to the higher aim And will not let his straying fingers frame A graven thing — to worship and adore. 126 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. After tlie reading of the poem the nieethig was turned into a recej)- tion, at wliicli several thousand visiting New Yorkers and others were introduced to Governor Flower and tlie State officers -wlio accompanied liim. In the evening a joint reception was given Governor Altgeld of Illinois, and Governor Flower of New York, in the State Ijuilding. Governor Altgeld extended, on behalf of the State of Illinois, a cordial greeting to New York's executive and other State officers, and spoke in a higlily complimentary way of the place New York liad taken in tlie exposition, and which her sons held throughout the "West. Governor Flower responded in a happy vein, and the evening was a delightful reunion of the citizens and friends of both States. The festal nature of New York's celebration was not confined to a single day, but ran through the greater part of the week. The chief event subsequent to the anniversary day, however, was the reception and ball given by the " Sons of New York " to Governor Flower and staif, State officials, and other executive officers. The " Sons of New York" is a society of Chicago, founded in ISOO. The object and the full significance of the gathering is well set forth in a souvenir prepared for the occasion by Mr. J. Ensign Fuller, a member of the society : History does not record the commemoration of an occasion in any manner similar to thia commingling of residents of two great States, but natives of only the onej under the roof and in the magnificent apart- ments of a building erected by the generous munificence of our mother State; upon spacious grounds furnished by tlieir adopted city, largely through the influence of the members of the society to which has come the honor of tendering this reception, and to crown all, within the inclosure of an exposition solemnizing the discovery of the great continent which has nurtured us, and participated in by every civilized nation upon the face of the earth. Upon these grounds, within these parental walls, in the beneficent shadow of the escutcheon of our great Empire State, and surrounded by its archives and memories, the Sons of New York bid you all a hearty welcome to the great city of their adoption and to their hearts and homes. Less than four years ago this society was formed by a few energetic sons of New York, partly to assist in accomplishing the grand result of a world's fair, and to show to the world the peculiar advantages of their wonderful city for its location, but principally, as shown by its charter, "To keep fresh in the memory of every son and daughter of New York, resident in Illinois, the glory and honor of the Empire State, and by Repoet of Boaed of Geneeaj. Managees. 127 meetings, readings, lectures and other ways promote social, intellectual . and friendly relations among the members and their families." How well the sentiment is a})preciated and nurtured can best be understood from the record, which shows a membership living of nearly VOO, and a page " in raemoriam" of worth}'' men who have upheld the honor and aided in expanding the mutual and friendly relations of all citizens of their grand old native State. We thank the chief executive of that srreat State and his trusted aids and her ever-kindly board of managers for this opportunity of mingling with all these' denizens " fresh from her granite hills and sparkling streams," who bring to us the fragrance of her sun-kissed mountains, and the odor of her salt-sea shores. In extenuation of the principles upon which our society is founded, we cordially open wide its doors, and reaching out the honest hand of fellowship, invite you all within the pale of its domain, whether natives or sons or daughters of a native, all are welcome so long as by their thought and work they glorify the record of the dear old mother State, and raise aloft the standard of Excelsior. The reception was one of the most brilliant of the season. Admis- sion was by invitation only, and the spacious rooms were filled with statelj men and Leantiful women hound 1)y the common tie of an ancestry native to the Empire State. Before the dancing began, the president of the society, Hon. De Witt C. Cregiei-, ex-mayor of Chi- cago, spoke as follows : The sons and daughters of New York are proud of their native State and no less proud of the great State and city of their adoption — Illmois and Chicago. We recognize New York as the Empire State of the repub- lic. At the same time we do not lose sight of the fact that Illinois is the Empire State of the great west. Within their respective domains are located the two great metropolitan cities of the American continent — New York and Chicago — the former ripe with age and mighty in her achieve- ments, the latter, although comparatively but an infant in years, yet a giant in everything that pertains to an enlightened and progressive civilization. As American citizens we are proud of the majesty and grandeur of our common country, of which the States of New York and Illinois, with their grand progressive cities. New York and Chicago, are prominent and important factors. Let us then cultivate the splendid fellowship that inspired the grand old sages and patriots during the formative period of our free government. Let not the breath of idle report, however fragrant, obtrude where only comity and fraternity should exist between States and 128 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. between cities. Let us indulge the hope that our country and her institu- tions may endure for all time and the people thereof may be imbued with the high and ennobling principles of " Excelsior," " State sovereignty and National union." Gov. Flower responded on behalf of the State of New York : Ladies and Gentlemen : In my remarks in this building yesterday I did not allude to the most important exhibit which the State of New York has in this great White City. I purposely withheld mention of it for this occasion. This exhibit is not formally a part of the exposition ; it is not installed in any particu- lar place; it does not come before any jury of awards — but the visitor encounters it all over these grounds. It is visible in the architecture of the best of these beautiful buildings and in the wonderful landscape set- ting which has helped so much to reveal their beauty. It was prominent in the energy and business ability which made the success of the exposi- tion assured. It is found in the administration of all the great depart- ments of the fair. It is represented here to-night in this hospitable home in numbers and in enthusiasm, and I ask you is there any finer exhibit than the spirit and presence of the sons of New York ? 1 did not expect you would answer yes. Everywhere the sons and daughters of the Empire State are leaders. Everywhere in this broad land they reflect credit and praise upon the home of their nativity. The energy, ability and progressiveness which have made their native State the first in wealth and intelligence and population and material resources have made her sons foremost in building up the civilization and prosperity of every section of the country. This marvelous western metropolis which most of you have made your adopted home is New York's grandchild. New York made possible Chicago's great growth when she opened through her territory the Erie canal, and thereby connected the seaboard with the prairie and provided all-water transportation for the products of the West. The importance of that bold and stupendous achievement in the develop- ment of.^ the West cannot be over estimated. In the States around the shores of the Great Lakes are congregated now fullj^ half the people of the nation. The same waters flow past the borders of eight powerful States, linking them all in one commercial fraternity, with common inter- ests and ambitions. Into this rich and resourceful region — now the bus- iest and most productive of any similar geographical extent in the land — New York sent out her sons in great numbers. They have plunged mto its industries and business. They have helped build its great cities and create its enormous wealth. Thev have aided in the establishment of its E.EPOET OF BoAED OF Geneeal Managees. 129 schools and churches and in all that has conserved to advance its ideals of civilization. You who are here to-day — the sons of New York in Chi- cago — know better than I can tell you what hardships were gone through, what obstacles were overcome, but we of the East do know what victories you have won and what undreamed-of success your efforts have attained. And when we- reflect in how large a part are these victories and this suc- cess due to the sons of the Empire State, we are more than ever convinced that the motto of our forefathers which is emblazoned on our escutcheon is no empty language but the constant aim and hope of a splendid race wherever they are found — Excelsior! I need not say we are particularly glad to meet our Chicago relatives to-night. We feel it is largely owing to your eiforts not only that the Columbian Exposition is so great a success but that New York has been able to occupy so prominent a part in it. I am sure I voice the sentiment of the New York managers as well as that of the State officers and the citizens for whom I speak when I give testimony to the uniform courtesy and good will which have marked the attitude of the managers of the exposition towards our State. We feel that for this kind treatment and consideration we are in no small degree indebted to the sons of New York in Chicago. It was your loyalty to your native State, your pride in its resources and your love for its pre-eminence, that have smothered all jeal- ousies, smoothed out all difficulties and enabled New York and its people to be adequately represented in this greatest of international expositions. As Governor of New York I am glad of this opportunity to thank you on behalf of the State for your splendid services and to meet here person- ally those who have proved themselves true and noble sons of the Empire State. The reception committee of the Sons of New York numbered 100 prominent Chicago business men, among whom were such well-known names as De Witt C. Cregier, Lyman J. Gage, C. L. Hammond, John P. Hopkins, James H. McViekar, Walter C. Newberry, Potter Palmer, John 'T. Sliavne, and many others closely identified with the city's growth and prosperity. Many prominent State and govern- ment officials were present as guests of tlie society, and the reception was marked by a spirit of good-fellowsliip and cameradaTie rarely found in a public reception where the majority of those attending met for the first time. The remaining chief events of the week were the ball given Wednes- day evening, September sixth, by j\Irs. Ralph Trautman of JSfew York, and Mrs. Francis B. Clark of St. Paul, to the Army and Navy officers ; lY 130 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. the Ijanquet given on the seventh to the raih'oad officers of tlie north- west by the foreiern commissioners at the fair in return for the courte- sies extended in their tour to the Dakota wheat fields ; and the Japanese tea given by the New York board September eiglitli, to 800 invited guests, followed by an exhibition by the Royal Japanese dan- cers of the typical folk and religious dances of the Orient. The Army and Xavy ball was given as a special compliment to the United States officers on duty at the fair, and was a particularly brilliant success. The grand march was led by Governor Flower of New York, and ISIrs. Potter Palmer ; Governor Pattison of Pennsyl- vania and Mrs. Trautman ; Governor Peck of Wisconsin and Mrs. Clarke ; Governor Waite of Colorado and Miss Minor. The chief foreign commissioners and attaches were also present, and the handsome cos- tumes and glittering uniforms presented a brilliant scene in tlie gorgeously decorated hall. During the whole of New York's gala week the weather and all exterior circumstances were most favorable, and the period was marked in tlie history of the exposition for its series of brilliant social events. Manhattan Day. During the New York celebration it was several times remarked that New York city should have a day for her special glorification, for the double purpose of affording as many of her citizens as possible an uneq^ualed opportunity for making the journey, and of offering to Cliicago in person lier sincere congratulations on the success of the exposition. The idea found a warm advocate in Tliomas F. Gilroy, mayor of New York city, and he immediately set on foot the neces- sary preliminaries. Tlie press of New York heartily supported the project, and the leading citizens were favorable to it. On September 27, 1893, Mayor Gilroy appointed a citizens' com- mittee, '^numbering 225 persons, the majority of whom accepted. October twenty-first ^vas fixed upon as the best date for " Manhattan day," as it was termed by common consent, and the choice was approved by the exposition authorities. The railroads offered the low rate of fifteen dollars for the i-ound trip, and complete arrangements were made by the managing eoumiittee for a successful excursion. An effort was made to secure tlie attendance of the Seventh Kegiment, but as nearly all its mendjers Jiad been on their vacation and a majority of them had already visited the fair, it was deemed inadvisable by tlieir Ueport of Boaed of General Managers. 131 officers. Tlie famous Old Guard of New York decided to attend and were a distinctive feature of the parade. The day dawned gloomy and sullen, but towards noon the sun broke through, and the skies cleared brightly for the ceremonies. In the early part of the season the attendance would have been considered enormous, but coming so soon after Chicago day, with its unprecedented crowd of 750,000 people, the 300,000 present was somewhat disappoint- ing to the exposition authorities who had confidently expected, and widely advertised that the half-million mark would be reached. The failure was probably due to this very cause, barring a few thousands who may have been kept at home by the gloomy morning. No one who had experienced Chicago day, its mass of densely packed humanity, the utter futility of sight-seeing and the tedious waits for transporta- tion could be expected to deliberately subject themselves to the possi- bility of another such occasion. Consequently Chicago people wisely staid at home, the visitors within her gates came. Still, with the excep- tion of Chicago day and the three days immediately following during which the influx of ^dsitors for Chicago day remained, Manhattan da}^ was signalized by the largest attendance of the season. It is impossible to estimate the number of New Yorkers f)resent. Seventy-five thou- sand badges were distributed from the State building to New York cit- izens or those affiliated with the State, and a conservative estimate placed the number in attendance from New York city at 25,000 ; a very large number certainly for a city one thousand miles away, and indicative of the interest taken in the fair. The programme for the day passed off smoothly and was full of inter- est. The various civic and military organizations entered the grounds during the forenoon, and at one o'clock the literary exercises at Festival Hall were Ijeguii. At their close the " Manhattan day " parade was formed in the ^south end of the grounds. It was led hj tiie Elgin Band and the Cliicago Hussars, under command of Captain E. L. Brand. Following came the First Illinois Regiment National Guard, with band ; the Old Guard Band ; the Old Guard ; carriages containing civic dignitaries ; and the Sons of New York, 600 strong, under com- mand of Captain Miles. The procession moved to the north end of the grounds and was reviewed at the New York State Building by Mayors Harrison and Gilroy and Major-General Nelson A. Miles U. S. A. In the evening a brilliant display of fireworks took place on the lake front. 132 New Y(ikk at tiik "World's Coi-unnuAN Eximsition. Tlie literary prograiunie in Festival Hall was one of the Lest of the exposition. The full prograiimie is as follows : Music, Ovoiture to " William Tell" Thirteenth Regt. (N. Y.) Hand, Prayer The Rev. John W. Brown. Address of Welcome Maj'or Ilanison. Address iu Response Mayor Gilroy. Address Gen. Horace Porter. " Star Spangled Banner " Columbian Chorus. Poem, " New York to Chicago " Joseph I. C. Clarke, recited by Agues Booth. Address Hon. Chauncey M. Depew. " Keller's American Hymn " Columbian Chorus. Address Hon. John R. Fellows. " Battle Hymn of the Republic " Columbian Chorus. Address Dr. Seth Low. " My Country, 'Tis of Thee " Columbian Chorus. Benediction The Most Rev. M. A. Corrigan. Mayor Carter II. Harrison welcomed the New York guests in warm- est terms. He spoke of the great success of the fair, and declared that much was due to the collective and individual efforts of the New Yorkers, whose geuerosity was exenipliHed iu every portion and all departments of the exposition. The home of the State of New York on the grounds had always been a scene of the most generous hospital- ity and was one of the most popular resorts within the exposition gates. The mayor then alluded pleasantly to the good feeling exist- ing between the two great cities of the Western World, and closed with a warm eucoraium on the wealth and worth of the Empire State. The insertion of Mayor Harrison's speech in full is unfortunately impossible as no record of it lias been found, owing probably to the confusion attendant upon his assassination which occurred the follow- ing week. Carter H. Harrison was a liberal, broad-minded man and a conspicuous e.vample of what pluck and energy will do for a man in America. Pie was one of the firmest friends of New York's interests at the fair and one of his last public acts was the delivery of this speech of welcome to her representatives. It was with profound regret that New York heard of his untimely death. In responding to Mayor Harrison's welcome, Mayor Gilroy of New York spoke as follows : UOORWAV 1-RoM GRAND bl AIRCAbt Keport of Board of General Managers. 133 Ladies mid Gentlemen : It is with feelings of profound pleasure that I reciprocate the greet- ings of Mayor Harrison, and express the gratitude of all New Yorkers at the kind manner In which they were conveyed. It is an honor, indeed, for New Yorkers to be present upon this memorable occasion, and we have more than ordinaiy satisfaction in testifying to our appreciation of the energy, industry and liberality which have distinguished the people of Chicago in getting up this magnificent exposition. There can be no doubt that the result of such expositions as this will be to bring together all the peoples of all countries in closer communion. New York has been, mdeed, anxious to obtain the location of the World's Fair, but, although a New Yorker of New Yorkers, I cannot help expressing the belief that it would be difficult, if not impossible, for New York or any other city on the globe to have exceeded the magnificence of this great fair. It is not alone Chicago that is to be congratulated ; it is the whole country, and, indeed, the whole civilized world, of which this great exposition is but an epitome. We take pride, as New Yorkers, in being a portion of that great country, the genius of which has made such an exhibition possible. No one who has visited the great White City can ever forget it, and the spectacle of the Court of Honor, illuminated by electric lights, with its fountains playing, surrounded by buildings of superb architectural con- struction, is a dream of beauty materialized. There is one sad reflection connected with the White City. It is that within a few weeks, or months, at furthest, the magnificent specimens of architectural art, together with all that they contain of human greatness and civilization, will pass away. I cannot help but think that an outlay, however great, that would tend to preserve those magnificent buildings in monumental marble would be an expenditure for which the country would receive a hundredfold in the lib- eral education- which our population would receive in visiting them, and in the expansion of mind and elevation of thought which they would eventually have. The best eflEects of mankind from all portions of the globe; architec- ture in its grandest forms; the marvelous possibilities of electrical science as shown by the human voice transmitted so as to be heard far away over a wire; the beautiful and astonishing productions of manufactures and the liberal arts; machine power, which challenges the admiration of mankind; the best products of the fruits of the earth ; in fact, this great exposition, with all its wealth of the products of civilization and progress, closes an era and marks an epoch. It is the transfiguration of man's industry and man's effort. It is a subject to which it would be impossible for me to 134 New York at th?: World's Columrian Exposition. do justice. It is ouly fitting that I should pay this passing tribute to its greatness and its grandeur. There are others to follow who are better fitted and more capable of doing justice to this magnificent theine. To them I will leave the pleasant task. Again, ladies and gentlemen, as the chief magistrate of the empire city of this country, I welcome you to the " White City," created by the metropolis of the West, and hope and believe that this renewed inter- course will bring these two cities more closely in a bond of union and brotherly love." General Horace Porter sjioke as follows: As in ancient times all roads led to Rome, so at the present time all roads lead to Chicago. To-day the city of the seaboard comes to lay its tribute of admiration and respect at the feet of the city of the lakeside. Therefore, in what I shall have to say, my story will be " A Tale of Two Cities." When "Manhattan day" was designated and consecrated as a day in which the city of New York was to offer its testimonial of apprecialion to the great exposition, her citizens arose en masse to make their pilgrim- age to the fair. The numbers that have come have been limited only by the limit of transportation. My first and most agreeable duty is to express to the officers of the exposition and to the people of Chicago in the name of the people of New York their profound acknowledgments and their deep senso of gratitude for the cordial and unbounded welcome which has been extended to them. Your people have vied with one another in pressing the cup of greeting to our lips ere we could remove the stains of travel from our garments. We have come to unite with you in the celebration of four centuries of history. We stand here to-day entranced with the grandeur of achieve- ments, inspired by the majesty of events. We find ourselves within the border of a State which did not exist at the time of the inauguration of our national government, but which now contains a single city with a population nearly half as great as that of all the thirteen original States. We are enchanted b}^ the sight of this phantom city, phantom-like in color, phantom-like in the suddenness with which it has appeared before the eyes of men. We fiml its buildings palaces, its grounds gardens, its lakes, lagoons and islands a picture of fair^ylaud, looking as if it liad been sum- moned into being by the magic wand of an enchantress. We are almost awe-stricken as we stand within the shadows of these majestic temples of art. Every branch of every science and of every ait seems to have been laid under contribution in the achievement of these marvelous results. Eepoet of Boakd of Genekal Managers. 135 You have taught us that art is more God-like than science, for while science discovers, art creates. If an emperor could stoop to pick up the brush dropped by a Titian, if Meissonier could kiss the slipper once worn by a Michael Angelo, all men may bow to art. The art works upon which wo gaze to-day speak a universal language and impart a lasting pleasure to all. They appeal to our highest senses and awake our noblest emotions. They are an eternal benediction. They induce the power of reflection and inspire us with the majesty of the creative faculty. They cause us to realize more fullj^ than ever before Lytton's definition of art: "The effort of man to express the ideas suggested to him by nature of a power above nature, whether that power lie within the recesses of his own being in that great first power of which nature, like himself, is but an effect." A visit to the fair is the equivalent to a trip around the entire circuit of the world. Here we meet the peoples of the nations ; we hear their language and their music ; we see their faces and familiarize our- selves with their manners and customs. Here we are carried back 400 years in history. We see upon land the reproduced monastery of La Rabida, upon the water the historic caravels, those brave little craft, frail in structure and diminutive in size, yet which rode the waves long enough to penetrate the mystery of the seas, to reconstruct the map of the world and shed upon the gloom of the dark ages the light of a modern civiliza- tion ; those vessels which brought to our shores the illustrious navigator who broke the shackles of superstition, calmed the fears of timid men and gave a new world to commerce, to science and to civilization. From the progress made in the past who can tell how far the giant republic will 400 years hence dominate the policy of the world ? This nation was not born among the fabled tales and mysteries of barbaric ages, but planted, fully equipped, upon this virgin continent. It has been woven of the stoutest filjres of other lands and nurtured by a commingling of the best blood of other nations. America has now thrown off the swaddling clothes of infancy and stands clothed in the robes of majesty and power in which the God who made her intends that she shall henceforth tread the earth. 'J'o day she may be seen moving at the head of the procession of tlie world's events, leading the van of civilized and Christianized liberty, her manifest and avowed destiny to light the path of liberty throughjut the world till human freedom and human rights become the common heritage of mankind. In the working out of this destiny we feel assurad of the events of this memorial day that Chicago and New York will always be found laboring in common for the nation's common good, and in all thing.s pertaining to our national prosperity, moving forward 136 New Yokk at the "World's Columbian Exposition. with one purpose, standing shoulder to shoulder and locking their shields together like the men in the Roman phalanx of old. We of New York are proud to find ourselves to-day within the con- fines of this city of the northwest, a city in which busy thoughts and vivid images crowd the mind, in which " no man shapes himself betimes to idle- ness ;" a city which is not a sepulchre of buried ages, but the birthplace of modern ideas ; a city which is not lightened by the smiles of djdng emperors, but by the gleam of the future glorious. Our two cities were contestants for the exposition. Chicago fairly won the prize. To-day the people of New York come to greet you, not only through their repre- sentatives, but they come themselves with hearts untouched by jealousy, with souls unmoved by rivalry, they cry out to you with the acclaim : " God bless Chicago ; God speed the fair." Manhattan Day Poem; By Joseph I. Claeke. Recited by Agnes Booth. I. Queen of the West, whose arms outspread Give welcome to the world, Where lifts in sunshine thine imperial head, Joy in thy glance and vigor in thy tread, For thee our flag's unfurled, Chicago ! Hail ! 'mid thy lofty piles that rise — Dreams of divinest art. Dreams ages dared not realize Until the flash of thy brave eyes Bade them to life to start. In majesty whose sight enthralls, In beauty born of light. Swift rose thy spacious palace halls. Pillars and domes and sculptured walls, A miracle in white. Lo, as thy giant labors ceased. The nations entered in With world-culled wonders to thy feast. Now come we from the sunrise East, To hail thee next of kin, Chicago ! o g I- < B.EPOET OF BoAjjD OF Geneeal Managees. 137 II. From fai' we've watched thee gather strength and power, With genii growth made mighty hour hy hour. We saw thee tiame-swept and from ashes rise While vet thy smoke pall hovered in the skies. Indomitable, born to conquer Fate And tread thy bold path eager and elate, ' The cornland pouring treasure at thy feet And all the wheatland heaping thee with wheat, Thine iron highways silvering the meads. The rolling thunder of thine iron steeds ; The far snow mountains sending thee their gold, Thy waters rich with cargoes manifold ; Thy pulses quickened with the wind that sweeps O'er flow'ring prairies and foam blossomed deeps, The young blood making crimson on thy cheek 1 Welcome from thee may well the mighty seek ! Welcome to-day Manhattan claims from thee, By sister-longing as of lake for sea ! III. We lay at thy feet, oh, sister sweet, A wreath of laurel green. Oh, sister strong, it is brought with song And joy to our Prairie Queen. In our joy there rings the note that brings The ocean surf to shore ; In our song there swells the joy that tells Of shi^js the wind before. Thy corn-plume waves where redskin braves Shook dancing plumes abreeze ; Our trumpet hails where the foreign sails Once lorded shores and seas. From the salt, green verge of our ocean surge We sweep in a torrent blithe Through corn-seas deep to plant and keep The trident by the scythe. From the wind-swept home of wave and foam, Where sea-won empire stands, 18 138 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. We come on a tide of love and pride To kiss thy foam-white hands. The sheen of thy lakes in silver breaks Thy girdle of cornland gold, And their waters swoon in the cool lagoon Thy glory to behold. Now slow, now fleet, thy waters sweet Thou sendest down to sea. Our love flies back by a straighter track, And sweet as thy waters be. Oh, sister white, in the autumn light The East salutes the West, And may ever so, transfigured, glow, The sisters, breast to breast. IV. Nor alone do we stand in thy temple ground, For sisters and sisters are gathering round From the garlanded maid by the Golden Gate To the Creole Queen do we joyously wait — A throng of the cities encircling thy throne, With the horns of our gladness stormily blown, And chords from our harps thrilling clear between, In the praise of our glad-hearted Prairie Queen ; But louder than rise the brave harmonies free. There springs from our lips like the voice of the sea When smiting of wind rolls in thunder its waters. The song to our mother, the song of her daughters — Song such as never was sung to another, The chant of our glory, the praise of our mother, c Mother America! V. Mightiest type of the human. Giant-limbed motlier of men. Broad-breasted mother of woman; Whose millions are sixty and ten: Mother majestic and splendid. Mother of glories and joys, Repoet of Boaed of Geneeax Managers. 139 By wisdom and power attended, Jubilant mother of boys: Mother m )st tender and holy, Whose tears are as lovely as pearls; Guardian of gentle and lowly, Delicate mother of gii'ls: Mother of mountain and river. Who looketh from foam to foam — Mothtr, the bountiful giver, Beautiful mother of home: Mother of sower and reaper, Of crops and of fruitful soil. Of manhood the builder and keeper, Mother of glorified toil: Mother of fruit and of flower, Of the flocks' and herds' increase; Mother of sunbeam and shower, Plentiful mother of peace : Mother of science, far-reaching. Of music that swells from thy heart. Of beauty beyond the old teaching. Mother of purified art: Mother, whose bosom shall mingle The red of all blood that flows. Till lastly it runneth as single And pure as the streams from snows: Mother, the roseate ever. Robed in the sunset's bars. Mother of lofty endeavor, Crowned with the diamond stars: Mother, our love thy defender. Mother, thy love our might. Mother, thy glory our splendor, Mother of freedom and light: Mother America! 140 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. VI. Hark to the march of the millions whose murmurous work songs arise at the dawn, Humming and throbbing and clanking their looms and their engines till day has withdrawn, Chaining the forces of earth and of air as their slaves for the saving of toil. Seeking new secrets and heaping up trophies of science in spoil upon spoil. What can withstand them, what can o'ermatch them in prowess and riches and pride ? Wonder not, then, that new millions are pouring upon us on tide after tide — Pale-fronted millions grown bitter from holding the stirrups and bridles of kings. Praying but light and a spade in the open — for manhood that labors and sings. Oh, for these newly-come brothers and sisters, yea, for ourselves, let us ask, Have we not grander and brighter a guerdon to offer than song with a task? What to grow richer in gold till our eagles outnumber our tassels of com, If in the land of the eagle our souls cannot soar on the wings of the morn ? What to grow miglitier, huger and greater, many as sands of the sea, If we grow not even better and purer, happier, gladder, more free ? Free with a freedom of sunshine and breezes, glad as the waters that leap, Happy as love on the lips of a maiden, and pure as an infant asleep. Glory abonnding, Joy resounding. Between the oceans, 'neath the dome above; Land of the strong. To thee belong Forever and forever light and love. The next orator was Hon. Chauncey M. Depew, who spoke as follows : One -of the most interesting as well as important incidents of the mam- moth and marvelous exhibition has been the celebrations. National, State and civic. While the governments of Europe are imposing additional burdens upon already over-burdened people to increase their great mili- tary and naval forces, while the world outside of the United States is either an armed camp or engaged in active hostilities, these emulous and friendly meetings of conflicting races within these walls demonstrate the possibilities and illustrate the hopes of the world for civilization and peace. Great Britain and Russia, Germany and France, Italy and Austria may. 2 < z 3 z z Repoet of Board of General Managers. 141 through their governors and their armies and navies, be prepared for wars of extermination across the Atlantic, but on this side and within the gates of the White City each of them rejoices in the triumphs of the other and applauds its efforts in the celebration of any excelle .ce or advance in the industrial arts. The influence of this commingling of races upon the lofty plane of human achievement and progress, of the commingling of clashing creeds in the congress of religions carried by representatives here present to all parts of the habitable globe, must result in nobler aspirations and greater efforts for the friendship of nations and the harmony of the world. Our interests as a republic have been especially concentrated in the celebrations of the several States of the Union. When Illinois or Pennsylvania, Ohio or Wisconsin, Kansas or Missouri, California or Oregon, Georgia or South Carolina, or any of the newer sisters of the West have done their best, the exhibit of their excellence and develop- m.ent has sent thrills of honest pride and joy through the Empire State of New York. It has been a pride and joy shared by all the States when each one has demonstrated its claims for distinction and exhibited its growth. The lesson has been enforced over and over again until it has become the morning and evening salutation in every household in this broad land, that we are one people, the citizens of one great republic and that whatever there is in any department of civilization or liberty, which constitutes the jieculiar merit of any State, is the common property of all the Commonwealths of the American Union. In this glorious festival and generous rivalry it was eminently fit that Chicago should take the lead. The 700,000 of her sons and daughters who passed through the gates of the White City on " Chicago day " were the living witnesses of the indomitable courage, the unfailing enthu- siasm, the comprehensive wisdom and the brilliant genius which con- ceived and executed upon such superb lines by a world's exposition the celebration of the 400th year of the discovery of America No such crowd ever before was gathered upon a civic occasion within the walls of the temporary abiding place of a fair dedicated to industry and art. Properly concentrated and distributed, they would form a constituency sufficiently large to be represented in the United States Senate by enough Senators to block the wheels of legislation and stop the movement of government for the next century. We entered into the contest with Chicago, seeking to have the World's Fair located in New Vork. I speak within bounds when I say there is to-day no one in New York who is not glad that Chicago sue- ceeded in that struggle. I s]jeak authoritatively for the 3,000,000 of 142 New Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. people who constitute the metropolis in conveying to Chicago their cor- dial congratulations upon her unequaled success in this great undertaking. The world needed a demonstration of what the American people in a new country, under new conditions and without traditions, could accomplish, and they have had it. There is no rivalry, and can be none between New York and Chicago. New York is misunderstood because she has got so big that she has passed beyond the possibility of exhibiting her interests or enthusiasm. Things happen in New York every day and pass unnoticed which take rank with cyclones and earthquakes in other places. At the time when the press of this country and abroid was filled with the prodigious growth of the towns of the West and Northwest, there was a development going on in real estate west of Central Park which, in increase of population, in the cost of construction of buildings and enhancement of v.ilue of land was greater than in any three or four of the booming towns of the country. The period of rivalry of cities in the United States has passed ; the period of competition of municipalities for competitive trade has gone by. The prodigious development of the internal commerce of the coun- try and the equally remarkable increase of transportation facilities to meet it have thrown upon the great cities of the United States opportuni- ties and responsibilities greater than they can manage. It was possible twenty-five years ago for any great city by increasing by liberal appropri- ations its rail and water communications to side-track a rival. But that day has gone by. The United States, stretching as it does from ocean to ocean, requires two commercial capitals, one for the coast and the other for the interior. The capital on the coast, which must necessarily be the capital of the con- tinent, has been fixed for half a century. The capital of the interior has been located by this fair. Chicago is to be the center, gathering the pro- ducts of the fields and of the mines, and New York the reservoir for their distribution through the country and abroad. New York can afford to exercise the quality for which she is distin- guished of^ recognizing and applauding the merits of Boston and Phila- delphia, of Chicago and St. Louis, of New Orleans and San Francisco. She is proud of Duluth and Kansas City, of Portland, Oregon, and Port- land, Maine. She knows that by the attractions of gravitation and oppor- tunity, which have made London and Paris, the best products of literature, of the professions, of the arts, of the dramatic and of the lyric stage, seek fame and fortune in New York. She knows that she is and every year will become more potentially the literary and financial center of the North American and South American continents. Every university, every Hepoet of Boaed of General IMana&ees. 143 thriving community, every condition of remarkable enterprise anywhere ■ in the United States is a nursery for "New York. The intellectual and material development, the growth and progress of any part of the coun- try, while creating States and cities, are also creating new sources of wealth and power for the cosmopolitan city of the New World. All hail, Chicago! All haU, New York! A short addi-ess by Hou. John R. Eellows of Xew York came next. Mr. Chairman: It was only an hour or two ago that I came upon these magnificent grounds and looked upon a sight which shall never be furnished again for mortal eyes to gaze upon. It is not until the gates of Paradise unfold to receive New York and a good share of Chi -ago, that we shall witness such a vision again. It surpasses all power of imagination, it infinitely transcends all power of description. He that comes into this grand court for the first time and witnesses that unequaled display which greets the eye, cannot form words in which to express his emotion. I had a dream of the fair. I had read of it, but I felt how truly insignificant my imagination was when I stood in the presence of the incomparable reality. I am profoundly gratified and shall be to the end of my days, that it was given me to bring my children here to look upon this scene, so that they may carry it as a pleasant memory throughout life. I am grateful that the privilege was given me from my place in Congress to vote and speak in behalf of the appropriation which indicated, to some extent at least. Federal recognition of the grandeur of the enterjjrise. The buildings will soon disappear, the limitation of the mighty pageant is almost reached, and its beauty, grandeur and life will fade away ; but the lessons which have been taught will survive through all the years. This magnificent White City has received within its limits representative men and women of every clime and people upon oar globe. Not only the Orient has been represented, but the distant isles of the sea, the interior of Africa, and the frozen regions of the North have sent their people here to assist in proclaiming the community of earth's interest, the great brother- hood of man. As I passed by Machinery Hall to-day and heard the hum of its throbbing wheels and looms, I began to realize what it is you have accomplished for the world. Let your vision extend beyond this White City and out into the future brought so much closer by your efforts and energy. It means to the community of the earth, the linking together in common association the peoples of the world. We are weaving the gar- ments of a better and purer civilization, linking the past to the present. 144 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. We are realizing the high conception of the Eoglish laureate when he contemplated a parliament of men, a federation of the world. We in New York were anxious to secure this great enterprise, and it would have been a city of poor and mean pretensions that would not have sought to hold within its municipal arms the wonderful achievements we behold here to-day, and New York is no mean city. But Chicago won it. I don't believe that there is an intelligent being within the limits of our great metropolis but that has shared in the glorious success of this fair, and in the pride which all feel in this magic, this incomparable enterprise. We do not come here in envious mood, but to express to you citizens of Chicago our thanks for your contribution, not only to a majority, but to civilization and Christianity throughout the world. The literary prograninie was concluded by the following address delivered by Seth Low, president of Coliuul)ia College : Fellow-citizens of Chicago and New York: When Governor Dongan, the second of the English Governors of the province of New York, granted a new charter to the city of New York, in 1670 or thereabouts — I give the date from memory — he spoke of the city in that instrument as already an ancient city. From this ancient and historic city, which saw the last of the British soldiery depart when the war of independence had been won; which saw this Federal government established by the inauguration of George Washington as the first Presi- dent of the United States; whose gates at the portal of the continent swung inward for the needy and the oppressed of Europe, and outward into the boundless opportunities of the New World — such a city we have come to bear greetings and congratulations to this masterful and marvel- ous city by the great lake. No exhibition at the fair is to be compared with Chicago itself. Built and rebuilt in little more than half a century, it stands to-day as truly one of the wonders of the world as the Pyramids of Egypt. When Aladdin's palace sprang into being in a night, one window was left unfinished. The most skillful artificers of the realm, with all the jewels of -^he kingdom at their command, worked for a year to complete this window. When it was done it did not compare with the rest of the palace, which a higher order of genuis had completed in a single night. Something like this, I think, must be said of the general setting and effect of every other world's fair compared with the unique beauty and poetry of the White City. It is little, I know, in the ears of the citizen of Chicago to say that Chicago has surpassed every other city which embarked in a similar undertaking; one should rather say, perhaps, that COURT OF ho; ooKitJG East Report of Board or Geneeal Managers. 145 Chicago has surpassed herself. But that, fellow-citizens, is precisely what has nut been done. This fair is simply Chicago's energy and daring, transferring into beauty the strength of the great republic. Os -ar Wilde is reported to have said that the most beautiful constructions in this country are our bridges, suggesting the thought that the lines of the greatest strength are the lines of the greatest beauty. What can be more beautiful, for instance, than the outlines of the everlasting hills, whether one sees them in the dreamy mists of a summer morning, or sharp cut like a cameo, against the sunset sky of autumn ? Can anything be more graceful than every leap of Niagara ? Go into the Transportation Build- ing and study the development of the locomotive. At first the effort was to secure power only; but power being attained, grace and beauty went with its increase hand in hand, until at last the most moiiern locomotive, like the most modern ocean steamer, is a thing of beauty as a prodigy as well as a prodigy of power. It is Chicago's glory that she perceived the truth, so that without jdelding the impresfivenes of size as an evidence of power, she has yet succeeded in showing her power best by expressing it in beauty. There has always seemed to me to be a peculiar fitness in having this Columbian fair held in an inland city. No one who knows New Yi rk will doubt for a moment that New York would have shown herself splendidly equal to the emergency had the country's honor in this matter been intrusted to her keeping. But it means more to have the demon- stration given that such a fair as this can be successfully held a thousand miles from the sea. I venture little in saying that such a thing would not have been possible in any other stage of the world's history. The sea is but the highway of the nations, and rivers have been their thoroughfares until within a period hardly longer than fifty years. It is a curious fact that while man's natural habitation is the land and not the water, it has always, until our own day, been easier for him to move long distances and to transport heavy weights by water than upon the land. The city of New York, indeed, through one of its conspicuous citizens, De Witt Clin- ton, by urging to completion the Erie canal, gave the first great impulse to the westward movement of population that resulted in the founding of Chicago. I pau-e a moment to point out how natural a gift that was from a city that had been New Amsterdam, the daughter of Holland, the land of canals. But another day was soon to dawn. When Commodore Van- derbilt acquired control of the New York Central and the Hudson River railroads, he was asked what he meant to do with them. His reply was that he meant to dry up the Erie canal and drive every vessel off the Hudson river. He did not literally mean that, of course, but in those words 19 146 New York at the World's Columbiait Exposition. there spoke the seer. He perceived long before most of his contempo- raries the vast possibilities of land carriage by steam power over an artificial roadway. Thus it is that a world's fair in Chicago has a signifi- cance that it could not have upon the seaboard. It is significant not only of the New World but of a new era in human affairs. It will be true, therefore, that while a modern Columbus would have no more worlds to discover, a modern Galileo might still proclaim: "The world moves." Fellow-citizens of Chicago, it has been the pleasure of New York to aid in every way the success of this exposition. How much the architects, the artists and the merchants of New York have contributed to its success this is not the place to say. As the exposition draws to a close, amid signs of a popular appreciation justly its due. New York has but a single word to say, we congratulate and we thank you citizens of Chicago. You have made us more proud than ever to be Americans. Repoet of Eoaeu of Geneeal Managees. 147 Closing of the Exposition. The fair closed quietly and without ceremony on October thirtieth. It had been the intention of the management to make a special gala day of it, but the sudden death of Mayor Harrison rendered it inappro- priate. The work of removal and demolition began at once and the treasures of art, industry and science, with the busy throng of attend- ants, disappeared to the four quarters of the globe. On October thirty-first the Board of General Managers held a meet- ing at the ]^e\Y York State Building in reference to the disposition of exhibits and projierty under its control. It was voted that all exhibits, and furniture pertaining thereto, made in the following departments under the auspices of the board, should be returned to the State Capitol at Albany, be stored in the rooms intended for the use of the State Museum and be held there subject to the order of the board. The departments so designated were : Agriculture, horticulture, mines and mining, transportation, hberal arts, forestry and anthi'opology. The chief executive officer. Senator Foley, was empowered to dispose of the furniture and perishable exhibits and to sujjei'intend the repacking and removal of exhibits. The disposition of the New York State Building was a subject of some sohcitude. It was hoped that this beautiful structure might be spared the fate of the other buildings and i-emain a permanent monu- ment to Xew York's presence and interest in the fair. For this reason the Board of General Managers were \villing to entertain any proposi- tion tending to this result. The Chicago Xaval Academy made a jjro- posal for the removal and occupancy of the building, but as the major part of the heavy cost of removal would have fallen on the board the latter did not feel justified in accepting. Furthermore, the building would have lost much of its significance in a strange environment away from the scenes which had I'endered it famous. On September sixth, at the recejDtion given by the Sons of JSTew York in the State building. Governor Flower formally offered on behalf of tlie Board of General Managers to convey the structure to Mrs. Potter Palmer and Mr. Harlow N. Higinbotham, of Chicago, and Mrs. LesUe Pell-Clarke, of New York, as trustees of a museum or repository representative of women's industries in the city of Chicago and pro- motive thereof. Mrs. Palmer in a few words gracefully accepted the trast for herself and her co-trustees. This action was eminently satis- 148 New Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. factory to the people of New York, as judged by the comments of the press, and it was universally acknowledged tliat ISTew York could not have closed her participation in the fair more courteously than by the presentation of her costly and richly decorated building to her sister city. On September twenty-seventh a formal transfer and deed of gift was drawn up by the Board of General Managei-s and forwarded to the trustees for their signatures. About a month later a joint com- munication was received from Mrs. Palmer and Mr. Pliginbotliani stat- ing that every effort had been made to secure the consent of the South Park commissioners to the retention of the New York State Building upon the exposition grounds for the purpose of a. permanent woman's building, but without success, and that as the trustees liad no funds with which to remove the building from Jackson Park they were compelled Avith great regret to decline to accept it. Nothing could be done upon the receipt of this letter but to dispose of the building as advantageously as possible at this very late date. Advertisements were inserted in the papers, and on the 2-±th of November, 1893, a contract was entered into with tlie Chicago Wrecking Company whereby the latter agreed to remove the building within the time set by the exposition authorities, May 1, 1S91, and to restore the grounds to their former condition. They also gave the Board of Managers $250. This sum with the sale of the elevator and a few minor equipments brought in $1,000 as the proceeds of the building. Great credit is due the chief executive officer for the success of this negotiation, as in most cases the removal of the State buildings was a positive expense upon the commissioners. Advantageous sales were also made of the butter, cheese, honey, potatoes, fruits, Indian goods, furniture and fixtures belonging to the different exhibits in the State building. From these sources over $16,000 was obtained. Of this amount, however, $2,271.85 was turned in from the sale of articles by the "Women's Board. For a detailed account of these sales, see financial report. Meanwliile the work of repacking and shipping the exhibits to Albany was busily carried on, and by December first all were en route. An adequate estimate of the amount of material gathered by the board for exhibition purposes may be gained, when it is stated that it took thirty- one large freight cars to transport the exhibits to Albany. This does not include the many articles loaned for the exposition, and returned directly to thei-r owners. As soon as the cars readied Albany they, were unloaded, and the goods stored, under the direction of Capitol <5},«<'"mjp* \ ^ •>.-,((j»«( \i^m I .1 Eepoet of Board of General Managers. 149 Commissioner Perry, on the fifth floor of the Capitol, and in the eastern tower. Closing Work of the Board. Upon the re-occupancy by the Board of General Managers of their offices in the Capitol at Albany, early in December, three important duties lay before them for consideration and action; the adjustment and settlement of all claims against tlie New York commission, the final disposition of the exhibits, and the jjreparation of a report to the Governor and Legislature. The office force was reduced to tlie miui- uiuhi number consistent with the jjerformance of this work. The settlement of outstanding claims and contracts required the most careful attention. The former had accumulated in vast numbers during the summer and fall, and the confusion and great press of busi- ness consequent upon the crowded exposition period, rendered a care- • ful investigation of their mei-its impossible at that time. This investi- gation was now made with great care, and no pains spared to separate the valid from the invalid. As a result of the adjustments, compro- mises and rejections, many thousands of dollars have been saved the State. A satisfactory settlement of all claims was made, except in the case of Siebreeht •& Wadley, florists of New York city, who have chosen to submit their bill to tlie adjudication of the Court of Claims, rather than to accept the proposition of the board, made after a careful study into the merits of the case. Transfer of Exhibits to the State Museum:. The flnal disposition of the New York State exhibits in the depart- ments of agriculture, mines and mining, transportation, liberal arts, ethnology and forestry was a matter of much deliberation by the Board of General Managers. Many suggestions were received, but all of them led to a division of the exhibits. In the opinion of the board this was to be avoided for many reasons, chief among which were, that the intrinsic value of the exhibit would decrease many more fold than the number of divisions ; that the warm interest and regard felt by the people of the State for the New York exhibit as a whole, which had gained the admiration of people from every clime, and won more awards tlian the exhibits of any other State and most nations, would be lost by its dispersion ; and that tiiere should be given the thousands of New Yorkers, who were unable to see it at Chicago, an opportunity to inspect it as it appeared at the great exposition. Obviously the only 150 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. place which could fulfill all conditions and meet all demands was the New York State IVIusenm, whose well-organized machinery could rap- idly assimilate and classify the exhibit and at the same time preserve its identity. Accordingly at a meeting of the Board of General Managers of the Exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian Exposi- tion, held at the ofl.ice of the president of the board in the city of New York, on Wednesday, January IT, 1894, the following preamble and resolutions were adoj)ted : Whbekas, section 20 of chapter 378 of the Laws of New York, 1892, provides that the officer in charge of any State department, bureau, board, commission or other office may * * * transfer to the permanent cus- tody of the State Library or Museum any books, papers, maps, manuscripts, specimens or other articles which * * * ^jn in ^is judgment be more useful to the State in the State Library or Museum than if retained in his keeping; and Whereas, section 22 of the same act provides that all scientific speci- mens and collections, works of art, objects of historic interest and similar property appropriate to a general museum, if owned by the State and not placed in other custody by a specific law, shall constitute the State Museum; and Where AS, section 1, chapter 497, Laws of New York, 1893, declares that any property purchased or provided by the Board of General Man- agers of the Exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian Exposition * * * foj- uge, exhibit or display in connection with the exhibit from the State of New York at the World's Columbian Exposi- tion and paid for from the appropriation provided by either chapter 236 of the Laws of 1892, or chapter 188, Laws of 1893, may, from time to time, as shall seem to said board best for the interests of the State, be sold and disposed of by said Board of General Managers or any person or per- sons authorized by said board to sell and dispose of the same; Resolved, in consideration of the agreement of the Board of Regents of the University of the State of New York, to place the State exhibits returned from the World's Columbian Exposition in the State Museum in the Capitol at Albany, that on the giving by the Regents of a receipt for all the exhibits now in the custody of the Board of General Managers, they shall be transferred to the State Museum. These resolutions were sent to the Regents of the University of the State of New York, and at a legal meeting held by them in their office Report of Boaed of General Managers. 151 at tlie Capitol in Albany, Febrnary S, 1894, the following action was taken : Voted, that the Regents accept the World's Fair exhibits tendered to the State Museum, and request from the Legislature that the Commissioner of the Capitol be directed to prepare the fifth floor for the safe-keepiog and proper display of these exhibits and of the scientific collections now in danger of destruction in the State street building. Voted, that the secretary be instructed to convey to the Board of General Managers of the Exhibit of the State of New York at the "World's Colutabian Exposition the very sincere appreciation on the part of the Regents of the confidence reposed in them in the transfer to their custody of the State's exhibits at the "World's fair. This communication was accompanied by a receipt in full for the exhibits and the transfer legally accomplished. The estimated value of these exhibits of the six departments is in round numbers $100,000, and will add incalculably to the attractiveness of the museum. For the exhibits of all departments, except liberal arts, kindred or allied departments, already existed in the State Museum ; it was found neces- sary, however, to create a new department for the educational exhibit of the liberal arts department. The cai'e and well-directed labor with which this exhibit was col- lected, and its comprehensive extent, embracing as it does, every phase of educational life within the State, renders it a magniiicent founda- tion for a pedagogic museum, second to none in the world. It is with great regret that the Board of General Managers learn that the present Legislature in their wisdom have deemed it best to postpone making an appropriation for the establishment of the educational museum and the installation of the exhibits in the other dejmrtments until the com- ing year. In view of the intrinsic merit, educational value, and wide- sjjread iiiterest in the exhibits, it would seem, a wise economy to place them without further delay where they could be of value to our citizens. The board resj^ectfully recommends to the incoming Legisla- ture the necessity and judicious policy of taking such action. Report to the Governor. As authorized in chapter 236 of the Laws of 1892, the preparation of the final report was begun shortly after the close of the exposition. On February 12, 1891, the secretary of the Board of General Managers, Mr. John Foord, of Xew York city, resigned his position. Upon 152 New Toek at the Woeld's Columbian Expositiojst. notification from the Governor of this fact, the board appointed Mr. Howard J. Eogers, of Albany, who had been in charge of the State educational exhibit, to write the i-ejDort and prepare it for publication. At a subsequent meeting of the Board of General Managers the follow- ing resolution was passed : Moved, " that the board express to Mr. Poord their appreciation of his labors with them, and their regret at the severance of relations which have been so satisfactory." It was determined that the report should contain a concise yet com- prehensive presentation of the work of the commission from the begin- ning to the end, that it might give not only an accurate history of New York's part in the great fair, but serve as a guide for future enterprises of a similar character. To this end there have been added to the main report detailed reports from the head of each departmental exhibit, giving the scope and plan of tlieir disjjlay. These reports are supple- mented by a comjjlete catalogue of New York exhibits in that depart- ment including those made individually and not under the authority of the board. The third section of the report is devoted to the jjublicatiou of the awards granted New York exhibitors. Upon the transmission of the report bj' the Governor to the Assembly on April 18, lS9i, the latter body ordered an edition of 10,000 copies printed, iinder a resolution of which the following is an official copy : STATE OF NEW YORK. In Assembly. Albany, April 18, 1894. On motion of Mr. Ainsworth, Resolved, that there be printed on supersize and calender paper, for the use of the present Legislature and State officials, 10,000 copies of the Report of the Board of General Managers of the New York State Exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition. Of this number 4,000 copies shall be for the use of the Legislature, twenty-five to each member, 2,000 copies for the Governor, 2,000 copies for State officials and reporters and 2,000 copies for the aforesaid Board of General Managers. The expense for the same shall be paid out of money appropriated for legislative printing. By order of the Assembly, G. W. DUNN, Clerk. / Tl^iii^i Kepoet of Boaed of General Managees. 153 Conclusion. The great events in political history require the perspective of time before their valuation can be justly made ; in like manner the influence of this great industrial exposition cannot now be accurately estuuated. But the enterprise which has made the name of Chicago familiar even to the steppes of Asia and the jungles of Africa, cannot fail to be of inestimable benetit to that city and to the country whose national cele- bration she undertook. Companionship and intimacy beget confidence, and "Confidence begets trade, the source of national wealth. The friend- ships begun at international gatherings are productive not only of bi'isker trade and commerce, but often of international enterjnises and epoch-making projects.' AVhat is true of the nations is tnie, in the same relative degree, of the States which compose our republic. Oppor- tunities of comparison and personal examination further the develop- ment of the highest industrial agencies, and open new channels of exchange and profit. Probably the greatest commercial result achieved by the exposition was the demonstration of the progress made by this country in manu- factured articles ; notably silverware, furs, hats, j^ottery, etc. The palm has long been conceded to America for the invention and con- struction of machinery, but it was a genuine surprise to most natives and foreigners to find tliat the workmanship of American artisans could compete with the skilled labor of Europe, perfected by centuries of experience and inherited cunning. Whether it be due to the higher average intelligence of the American workmen, their siiperior adapta- bility to the conditions environing their craft, the inspiriting eifect of our free institutions or to still other causes must be left to economists. The facts speak for themselves and are incontrovertible. Tlie amount of commercial growth stimulated by the exposition is an unknown cpiantity and a matter of speculation only. Much may be attributed directly to it, but l)y far the greater share lies in the quiet change of methods and the application of newly-acquired ideas and hints, which will in time develop into an enormous increase of business and improvement of business relations. The artistic success of the fair was a deep gratification to the pride of the American people. Never before had the attempt been made to construct in symmetrical relation buildings covering 100 acres of 20 164 !N EW YOEK AT THE WoKLd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. land, and grounds conijjrising over 600 acres. The breadth of concep- tion, vigor of execntion, and harmony of detail with which it was accomplished has won the admiration of the world. The fair, its archi- tecture and its landscape gardening are now matter.^ of history and need no further comment, but Americans may well he pardoned tlie indulgence of the belief that the coming century will witness nothing of artistic creation that will equal or surpass it. During the six months of the fair there were 21,477,212 paid admis- sions, from which the gate receipts exceeded §10,000,000. Nearly $4,000,000 was also derived from concessions. Undoubtedly, had the western railways lowered tlieir rates earlier in the season, a much larger attendance would have resulted ; possibly enough to have exceeded the Paris attendance of 28,000,000 in 1889. In making comparisons, however, it must be borne in mind that the admission fee in Paris was only one franc, or less than half that at Chicago. One of tlie most striking features of the attendance was the behavior of the American crowd. Throughout the whole exposition there were fewer cases of drunkenness and disorder than are brought daily before the police court of any medium-sized city. The hearty good-will and even temper which ciiaracterized the throng at all times stood the test even of Chicago day, to the expressed wonder and surprise of our foreign visitors. The grand beauty of the park seemed to touch their sensi- bilities as it could no other nation's, and to demand and receive from them tlieir patriotic homage. It was a splendid counnentary on the intelligence, appreciation and restraint of the American citizen. Such an exposition is a universal educator. It breaks down the bar- riers which ignoi-ance and distrust of the qualities and resoiirces of our neighbors have raised, and aiuis a deadly blow at provincial prejudice and conceit. The thousands whose lives had heretofore been lived within their village bounds Jiave returned home better and broader citizens. The dwellers in cities', who have fancied that the world revolved around tlieir municipal lioundaries as its hub, have a better estimate of their relation to the world's progress. The mass of the American people have a clearer knowledge of the ability and power of other nations, while the foreigner has a better idea of the extent and resources of our vast republic. The fair will pay as a national investment. Much ^vas expected from New York State because of its position as leader in population, wealth, manufactures, commerce, art and agricul- Eeport of Boaed of General Managers. 155 tnre. Much was, tlierefore, demanded of the Xew York Board of Managers of time, of thoiiglit, of organization and of wise expenditure of money. For a correct appreciation of the amount of work done and products displayed, the people of the State are further referred to the accompanying departmental reports and catalogues. From the com- ments of the press, from the plaudits of the visitors and from the con- sensus of opinion of the juries of award, the New York Board of World's Fair Managers in laying down their labors feel content to leave to the judgment of their fellow-citizens the t(uestion whether or not their worlv was well done and a credit to tJie Empire State. REPORT OF THE BOARD OF WOMEN MAMGERS. By MRS. FLOEENCE C. IVES. The act of the Legislature -^vhich created the Board of General Man- agers of the New York State Exhibit at the Colnmbian Exposition con- tains the following paragraph as a portion of section i : " The Board of General Managers shall appoint a Board of Women Managers of such nnmber and to perform s^^ch dnties as maj' be prescribed by the Board of General Managers." Of the I'ldes and regulations of the General Managers ISTo. XI apper- tains to women. It reads : " The Board of Women Managers shall consist of twenty-one Avomen, residents of the State and appointed by the Board of General Managers. They are to work in conjunction with the general managers in promoting the interests of the World's Columbian Exposition, and to assist the repre- sentative •women of the nation in obtaining for that occasion a full and complete portrayal of the industrial and social conditions of ■woman and ber achievements and capabilities in all the avenues and departments of life, and, therefore, they shall be and hereby are empowered to exer- cise such authority and control in their department as shall be consist- ent with a liberal construction of the act of the Legislature creating the board, and with the rules herein adopted. They shall meet in the Capitol, at xilbany, upon the call of the chief executive officer, and proceed to organize by electing a president, first and second vice- presidents and a secretary. As soon thereafter as practicable they shall elect an executive committee of six, who shall have all the powers and rights of the full board when in session. " The said board sliall establish its bureau in the rooms of the Board of General Managers, and shall have such clerical aid as the chief execu- tive officer may provide. The Board of Women Managers, or its execu- tive committee, shall make regular monthly reports to the Board of General Managers, or more frequently if so requested. The sum of $25,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby set apart for the maintenance and expenses of the said Board of Women Managers, and all expenses shall, as far as practicable, be estimated, and the con- sent of the Board of General Managers obtained thereto before they shall be actually incurred. The president of the women's board, the chairman of its executive committee and the secretary of the women's board are hereby constituted an auditing committee, who sliall audit and approve all bills for expenditures. When so a^jproved the regular auditing committee of this board may approve of the same, and there- upon the said bills shall be presented for payment as provided by law. The Board of General Managers reserves to itself the right and privi- lege of presenting such further rules and regulations for the guidance of the Board of Women Managers as shall, from time to time, seem expedient. Mks. ERASTLiS (X)RNING, pKhsiutNT Boabu uk Women Managers Repokt of Board of "Women Managees. 167 ■' The Board of "Women Managers may be called together from time to time, as shall seem expedient to the Ei;iard of General Managers." On June 3, 1892, the Board of General j^lanagers appointed the fol- lowing twenty-one women, representing the eight jndicial districts of the State, as the Board of Women Managers for Xew York : Mrs. Wm. J. Averell, Ogdensburgh ; Mrs. Frederick P. Bellamy, Brooklyn ; Mrs. Erastns Corning, Albany ; Miss Caroline E. Dennis, Auburn ; Mrs. Artlmr M. Dodge, JSlew York city ; Mrs. Fred E. Ilalsey, jSTew York city ; Miss Annie Hemstronght, Xew York city ; iMiss J. Inrogen How- ard, JSTew York city ; Miss Maria M. Love, Buffalo ; Miss Elizabeth T. Minturn, riastings-on-the-IIudson ; Miss Frances Todd Patterson, "WestHeld ; Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, Springfield Centre ; Miss Anna Eoosevelt, Xew York ; Mrs. Deau Sage, Menands ; Mrs. J . S. T. Stran- alian, Brooklyn ; Mrs. Oscar S. Straiis, Xew York city ; Mrs. George Waddington, Xew York city ; Mrs. Charles F. "\Yadsworth, Geneseo ; Mrs. H.'Walter "Weblj, Eiverdale ; Mrs. Andrew D. "White, Ithaca; Mrs. Howard G. "Wliite, Syracuse. Miss Minturn declining to serve, the board ap)pointed Mrs. Frederick Ehinelander Jones, of Kew York city, in her place. Li making their appointments the Board of General Managers selected two women from each of the eight jndicial districts of the State with five in addition from Xew York city, the field there being so large as to demand a greater number of workers. Tlie first of the four meetings of the Board of Women Managers was held at the Cap)itol, Albany, June 7, 1S92. Seventeen of the twenty- one women were present and took the oath of office. One cf the absentees was Miss Elizabeth T. Minturn, who never served, although her name remained on the list of members for many months, and was only drcipped when Mrs. F. P. Jones was appointed in the sunnner of 1893 by the Board of General Managers. The officers elected at the first meeting retained their positions, with the exception of two members of the executive committee, until the organization was dissolved. At the first meeting also the bureau of apjJied arts Avas projected with Mrs. Candace "Wheeler, president of the Society of Associated Artists, as director. The following rules and by-laws were adopted : '•Article!. The official title of this organization is 'Board of "Wcimen Managers of the State of Xew York at the World's Colum- bian Exposition.' ^'■A)'t. 2. The purpose of this board shall be to secure a full and complete portrayal oi the industrial and social condition of woman and her achievements and capabilities in all the avenues and dej)ai't- ments of life. " A/'t. 3. The officers of the board shall be the jjresident, first and second vice-presidents, secretary, treasurer and executive committee of six members and an auditing committee of -which the president (and in her absence one of the vice-presidents), the chaiiman of the execu- tive committee and the secretary shall be members. " Art. 4. The meetings of the board shall be lield on the call of the president, vice-president or any four members of the board. Xotifica^ 158 Xk'w Yoek at thk Woelu's Columbian Exposition. tion mailed at Albany to the addresses of the members fortv-eigiit Lours before tlie time of the meeting shall be deemed siiliicieut notice. ^^ A)'t. 5. A quornm shall consist of seven. The office shall be in the Capitol, at Albany. " Art. 6. The executive committee shall consist of six members ; in addition thereto the president and secretary shall be ex-othcio members of the said committee. The said committee may make its OM-n rules and regulations ]irovided they do not conflict -with any adopted by this board or by the B:iard of General llanagers. The said execntive com- mittee ■\vhen th'-' board is not in session shall have all of its powers and rights. " Art. 7. The ])resident shall have all the powers and privileges incident to her olKce. In the alisence of the president, one of the vice-presidents, in order of precedence, shall perform the duties and exercise the powers of the president. The secretary shall keep at'cn- rate records of all the business transacted by the board and by the executive committee. She shall liave charge of the correspondence of the board and of the executive conunittee, and shall perform such other duties as the board or executive committee may direct. '■'■ Aj't. S. The treasurer shall have charge of all the moneys intrusted to her care and shall make report from time to time of the amounts expended. '^ Art. 0. The auditing committee shall examine and audit all bills and accounts of the board and of the executive committee. " ^1;'/. 10. There shall be a department known as the bureau of applied arts, which shall have charge of all matters I'eferred to it by the execntive conunittee or by the board. This bureau may be estab- lished in the city of Is'ew York, and its operations controlled by the executive committee. '■^ Art. 11. There shall be an otticial seal for the exclusive use of this board. "^Ir^. 12. Amendments of the by-laws shall be made only by the affirmative vote of five members." IMrs. Ealph Trautman, first vice-president of the iS'ational Board of Lady Managers, who always loyally rendered her aid to the Xew York board, and Mrs. Susan G-. Cooke, secretary, -were invited to be present at the first meeting of the women managers and gave much information relating to the women's department of the exposition. The newly appointed managers, liowever, felt themselves exceedingly inexperi- enced, and the president appointed a committee to go to Chicago to consult IMrs. Palmer and become familiar Avith the different lines of work. This visit proved to lie of innnense value, particularly as a means of inspiration, the committee going to the offices of the Xational Board and holding consultations with Mrs. Palmer and other officials. At the suggestion of the Board of General Managers the women visited New York on the occasion of the Columbian celebration, October 12, 1S92, and Chicago a week later when the exposition buildings were dedicated. The women managers felt the necessity at once of making an attempt to interest the women tlu'oughout the State in the exposi- tion and plans for arranging work in the different judicial districts Eepoet of Boaed of Women Managers. 159 were early determined n]>oii. As there coidd not he a systematic division of the comities, to tlie New York city menihers was assigned the first judicial (hstrict (one comity) ; to Mrs. Stranahan, the second (nine counties) ; to Mrs. Corning and Mrs. Sage, the tliird (seven comities) ; to Mrs. Averell, tlie fourth (eleven counties) ; to Mrs. Howard Gr. White, aided bj' Miss Dennis, the fifth (six counties) ; to Mrs. Pell- Clarke, aided by Miss Pattei'son and Mrs. H. A. St. John, the sixth (ten counties) ; to Mrs. Wadsworth and Miss Dennis, the seventh (eight counties) ; and to Miss Love and Miss Patterson, tlie eighth (eight counties). It will be noticed that the name of Mrs. II. A. St. John takes the place of that of a manager, and it should, therefore, be explained that upon the invitation of the executive committee and at the request of Mrs. Wadsworth, Mrs. St. John, of Ithaca, kindly consented to under- take the organizati(jn of Mrs. Andrew D. White's counties, the latter having gone to Pussia almost immediately after the Board of Women Managers was formed. A resolution tiianking Mrs. St. John for her efforts was unanimously' adopted at the meeting of the board held January 11, 1893. Several methods of organizing the counties were eraploj'ed ; some of the managers wrote letters to clergymen, others to the supervisors, ask- ing for names of prominent women who would form in sul)-comniittees for the work. One manager in her counties enlisted the interest of a woman in each of tlie large towns, and made her chairman of a sub- committee, most energetically sending her letters of inquiry every week. Another manager held meetings in the different counties, draw- ing together circles of women who afterwards served in committees. In all instances a spirited correspondence was carried on between com- mittee women and managers, printed circulars were distributed, and the intei'est of the press sought, and in a few montlis' time the entire State was not only thoroughly aware that an ex])osition of unusual importance was to take place, but tliat women were to have a promi- nent part in it. Most of the standing committees on the board found tlieir counter^iarts in the sub-committees, and the work of collecting statistics ; of searching for books by women authors ; of bringing for- ward the work of women in the a])plied arts ; of securing loans for the colonial, lace and other collections, and in fact of making manifest Women's work in every department, was enthusiastically carried on during -tlie autumn of 1S92 and the winter of 1898. All these women, who may now be numbered by hundreds, gave tlieir time and often their money to the work, witiiout either hojie or wish for compensa- tion, and the managers feel that they, and the entire State, owe these women a deep debt of gratitude for their energy and zeal. Of the creditable individual exhibits it is only possible to speak in the most cursory manner. Nearly 200 applications passed tln'ough the (jffice of the women's Inward, a number of these lieing necessarily I'cjected, as not reaching the high standard demanded, Init this does not by any means represent the nundjer of applications made, as many were sent directly to the National Board, and by it accepted or rejected. Credit should be given to Miss Mary Martin, an amateur photog- 160 Neav Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. raplier of New York, who at the request of Mrs. Pell-Clarke, took some pictures to illustrate hop culture in this State. The photograplis proved to be most successful, and formed an interesting feature of the agricultui'al exhibit of New York. Tlirough Mrs. Trautman, Mrs. Gillespie, chairman of women's work at the Centennial Exposition, oii'ered to loan the New York State board the two line banners that were presented to the women of Penn- sylvania by the women of New York (the latter raising $-J:,0(»0 for the Burpose), in recognition of the work they had done for the Centennial Exposition. The banners were gratefully accepted, and, by permission of the national lioard, were hung in prominent places in the Woman's Building during the term of the exposition. ■ Another banner, which has now become of historical interest, as it has a prominent place in the Capitol, at Albany, was one exliibited in the Stater building during the exposition, and presented through Governor Flower to the State l)y the Board of Women Managers. It is of Avhite water silk, shimmering with threads of gold, and disjilays in rich embroidery the arms of the State. The National Board had the establishment of a children's department very much at heart, but, having no appropriation for the expenses, decided to tax each State with a portion of the cost of tlie building, and, at the first meeting of the New York Board of Women Managers, that organization became liable for tlie pro rata assessment of $2,000, whicli Avas afterwards paid from their appropriation. It had been early advised by Mr. John Boyd Thaclier of the New York Board of Gen- eral Managers, that great care should be given to the selection of a seal, and he suggested as a design the story of the fisherman's wife, who, in holding out a torch for !ier husband to guide his return, uncon- sciously welcomed Columbus on the night of October 11, ltt92. The idea met with favor, and the subject was referred to the bureau of applied arts, and Mrs. Wheeler's taste and experience sought. As a result she was authorized to ask for sketches from several women artists, and from the designs submitted, one by Miss Lydia Field Ennjiet was selected and much admired. The drawing displayed an Indian woman in graceful pose standing on a rocky shore and holding a lighted torch far up above her head as a beacon for a ship that was sailing in toward the land. Encircling the drawing was the lettering : " New York State Board of Women jManagers for the World's Columbian Exposition, 1S93." Upon inquiry it was learned that to have the seal cut would cost several hundred dollars, and the executive committee decided that this expense was unnecessary, as the seal would but seldom have practical use, and directed instead that the design should be reproduced on the official paper and upon cards to be affixed to the State exhibits. A badge having been selected by tlie National Board as a sign of office, it ^^■as suggested that the Ne-\v York State women managers should provide tliemselves with badges. Througli Mrs. Wheeler several sketches were submitted, and one made by Miss Martha D. Bessey, a designer at Tiffany & Co.'s, was selected. This was a circle a little larger than a half dollar on Avhicli appeared the globe flaidced Mrs. dean SAGE, Chairman ExhxuTivt Cummitthk Board ok Women Managers Kefoet of Board of Women Manageks. 161 by an eagle wliose beak, whether from intention or otherwise, touched the point on tlie globe where New York appears. The name of the organization was lettered below, and stalks of ripening corn were inter- twined in graceful fashion. The circle was pendant from a bar on which were the open-worked letters : " New York." When plans were being made for transferring the office and business of the board to the State building upon the exposition grounds, it was recognized that it would be proper to institute some form of hospitality to visitors and to the [National and State boards. The managers at no time desired a lavish expenditure for entertainments, as money in this way could be so easily wasted, but it was proposed to keep open house, so to speak, every day in the week except Sunday. In this w&j the live 'o'clock tea, at which nothing but tea and biscuits were served, became a regular institution and brought to the board many flattering expressions of approval. A room on the second floor, adjoining the banqueting hall and under one end of the gallery, liad been indicated by the architects as a tea- room, and it was this circumstance that suggested the idea of giving afternoon teas. This room was the cosiest of the suite generously assigned the women. There were several handsome pieces of old fur- niture in it, and some modern chairs daintily upholstered in cretonne. The window was hung with pretty muslin, and there was a general air of ease and comfort that tired visitors a^spreciated. The room oi^ened on one side into the so-called women's committee room, and it was almost always necessary to use this as well as the tearoom for the guests. It was not possible to invite every New Yorker who visited the State building to join the ladies in the tearoom, but it only required a simple introduction to secure a welcome there, and many distinguished foreign- ers and Americans made the building a rendezvous at the tea hour. The inaugural tea took place June second, on the occasion of the flrst visit of Governor Flower to the exposition, when he was accompanied by Mrs. Flower. Other notable teas gi\-en during the exposition season were those to Governor Flower and his staff, on New York and Man- hattan days, to the fieople of Brooklyn on Brooklyn da}', to Secretary Carlisle, to General and Mrs. Miles, and to the West Point cadets ; to Mrs. Potter Palmer and Mr. and Mrs. Fred. Grant, and to Miss Emily Huntington. From the beginning of the work to its end it has been the earnest endeavor of the l)oard to spend the State's money with the strictest economy consistent with dignified representation of the work it under- took. The women at first had but a very faint idea of what the expense would be, but before manj' months had passed they were very clearly aware that the first $25,000 would not even half pay for the demonstration in exhibits, etc., of women's work in New York State. The National Board looked to the Empire State for a more than ordi- nary display in every line, and the women were desirous of fulfilling the duties expected of them. Almost as soon as the second $25,000 had been granted they entered a request for $10,000 more, and pledged themselves to keep within this amount. Among the resolutions offered by the board was one requesting Con- 21 162 ISTew Yoek at the Wosld's Colitmbian Expositioit. gress to amend the act providing for the dedication of the exposition buildings, changing the words " twelfth of October " to " twenty-first day of October." An important resolntion was that in favor of the Sunday opening of the exposition. The resolution was entliusiastically passed with only one dissenting voice, and occasioned both favorable and unfavorable comment in the newspapers throughout the country. The women of the Shaker community showed their interest in favor of opening by preparing a petition signed by themselves, and presented to Congress through the Is ew York board. Executive Committee. In large organizations tlie power of transacting business is placed in. the hands of a small proportion of the members, and, as will have been seen by rule XI, the Board of General Managers following wise prece- dents, provided for the election of an executive committee of six. This committee was given the rights of the board when in session, and has exercised its authority from the beginning, thereby preventing any great delay in making necessary decisions in regard to the business. The president of the board and the secretary, being ex-officio members of the executive committee, attended the meetings. Up to the time of the final board meeting held at Albany, January 17, 1893, there had taken place twenty meetings of the executive committee, all of which had been faithfully attended by its members. Minutes of these meet- ings were printed and sent to each member of the board in order that the general business might be known to all. As the by-laws of the executive committee provided that three members might transact urgent business, this plan was followed in a few instances where speedy decisions were necessary. At no time, however, during the entire work, was a decision of any moment made without the chairman''s judgment having been obtained. The first meeting was held June 2S, 1892. While the by-laws pro- vided for a bi-monthly meeting, this rule was not strictly adhered to. Only three meetings were held in the summer of 1893, as the ladies were widely separated and could not conveniently leave their homes. Mrs. Ives was expected to keep general supervision of the work and to report to the chair from time to time as seemed necessary. It was impossible to foresee the exact necessities of the exposition work, and at the executive meeting of June twenty-eighth, a local committee made np of New York city and Brooklyn members was formed, as well as the committee on women's work in literature, literary clubs and the press. The meetings of the former committee were held bi-monthly, on Tuesdays alternating with the executive meetings, as much work was concentrated in ISlew York. Arrangements were also concluded for the establishment of the bureau of applied arts in New York city. Also at this meeting a motion was adopted that a letter should be sent to Ilalsey C. Ives, cliief of the Fine Arts department, requesting that the names of two women artists should be added to his committee on fine arts. As the main object of "Vfoman's interest in the exposition was to obtain rightful recognition of her work, it was believed a wise move to call the attention of the head of the art department to the IiEPOET OF BoAED OF TToilEX MaI^^AGEES. 163 fact that Avomeu h:.d been iguored on his committee. It should be mentioned here that the letter -^vas sent, and resulted in bringing about a somewhat unpleasant contro^'ersv. Mr. Ives intimated that he was in favor of the appointment of -u-omen but that the full complement of his committee had been made up, and the question as to whether anv more members should be added Avould have to be decided by the committee itself. The Xew York artists were divided in their opinion on the subject and the matter remained undecided for a long time. It was finally announced that Mrs. Mary Hallock Foote and Miss Mary J. Cassatt had been asked to serve. It was decided at the tirst meeting of the executive committee that there should be an exhibit of laces, fans, miniatures and antique embroideries. How numerous were the delays and how great the anxiety and worry connected with this committee's work may be under- stood when it is said that it was decided as early as June, 1S02, to make the exhibit and practical, work was only begun late in March, 1893. At the second meeting of the exectttive committee the subject of decorating the library of the Woman's Building was discussed, and an appropriation of at least §.5,000 was deemed necessary for the pur- pose. The Board of General Managers, to whom the matter was referred, aiithorized this expenditure. Although there were at times some dis- agreements between the two boards, the general managers never inter- fered with such distribution of the women's fund as the Board of Women Managers saw fit to make. The Board of General Managers requested, however, that they be kept informed as to the ajj^JroiDriations. As tlie chairmen of all standing committees were members of tlie executive (%vith one exception), the work of these different committees was always fully rejDorted at each meeting of the executive. Xew plans were submitted as well as questions of expediency and finance. Xo one had dreamed of the amount of detail that would have to be gone through, and the managers, esj^ecially the members of the execu- tive committee, found themselves overwhelmed with work. As the restilt proved, in spite of the limited time, the work was undertaken with energy and enthusiasm. The proposition to establish a model hospital at the exposition was early brought before the executive by Miss Dennis, the idea being to show the methods of the trained ntirses of Xew "i ork, where the sys- tem of schools for trained nurses originated in this country. Just how this matter developed will be shown in the report of the philanthropic committee. The subject of an exhibit of the kitchen garden system was introduced at the board meeting of September seventh, btit it was the executive meet- ing of September twentieth that the details of Miss Huntington's plans were submitted and appropriation made of §2,500 to carry on the work. At the meeting of the executive committee, Xovember fifteenth, Mi's. Howard G. White's name was ch'opped from the membership, as she had not been present for three consecutive meetings and had sent in no report. The ladies felt tliat the tune was very short for the com- pletion of the work, and it was necessary that the executive committee shoidd consist of active members. Miss Dennis consented to visit 164 l^Ew York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Syracuse and organize the work of the iifth jndicial district. It was afterwards learned that Mrs. White was in ill-liealth, hiit wlien Miss Dennis reached Syracuse she received the kind co-operation of Mr. H. G. White in organizing the district. Mrs. A. M. Dodge was elected to take the place of Mrs. White on the executive committee, and upon the resignation of Mrs. Webb, Mrs. Wadsworth was appointed in her stead. As the board included a niemljer of the Afro-American race, a recognition that no other State had shown this people, the women were particularly desirous of giving prominence to the arts and industries of the women of that race, and it was early decided b}' the executive com- mittee to place in the hands of Miss Ploward the entire charge of the col- lection of exhibits, as well as statistics of this department. The record of her work is made in its proper place, and it only needs to be added here that Miss Howard accomiilished her several tasks as only a woman with remarkaljle energy and executive ability could. On account of the absence of Mrs. Andrew D. White her portion of the State, which con- sisted of five counties, had also been neglected. Mrs. Wadsworth, who was present at tlie meeting of the executive committee on November fifteenth, offered to visit Ithaca at once and place the work in compe- tent hands. A detailed account of the method of orgimizhig the dif- ferent districts has already been given, but mention is made of the sub- ject here because the extra work was done through the action of the executive committee. At the meeting of December sixth the proposi- tion was presented through the isew York local committee to prepare an historical doll exhibit, the dolls to be dressed to represent different periods since the time of Columbus. An exhibition of colonial relics was proposed when the board was first formed, as the National Board had desired representation from the thirteen original States. The task of making the collection was a difficult one, and it was only at the meeting of the executive committee of January tenth that Mrs. F. K. Jones, who had been invited and had consented to take charge of the exhibit, presented her plan which required an appropriation of from ^5,000 to $10,000. Mrs. Dodge reported at this meeting that it would not be possible with less than $2,500 to carry on the Fitch Creclie and Day Nursery exhibit in the children's building, work that came within her jurisdiction as chairman of the philanthropic committee. This exhibit cost a still larger sum before the end, but was one in wliicli the entire board took the greatest interest and satisfaction. The executive committee exerted its influence at all times to induce well-known oi'ganizations of women, whether of business, educational or philanthropic interests, to find representation at the exposition, so when it was learned that Miss Grace H. Dodge was finding some diffi- culty in settling upon a place for exhibiting the idea of the working girls' associations, an idea not easy to classify, the executive com- mittee urged her to enter her exhibit in the organization room of the Woman's Building as educational work, and offered to aid in obtaining space, they deeming that the exhibits from women of New York State would be incomplete without a representation of the working girls' clubs. In the same way an exhibit from Miss Potter's children's outfit estab- Eepokt of Board of TTomex ^Iaxagees. 165 lisliment, an oiitcoiue of the working girls' associations, was solicited, but although Miss Potter took up the plan with enthnsiasnij the outlay demanded was found to be too great and it was given up. Unfor- tunately there was a limit to the fnnds in the hands of the managers, and they were unable to accede to many requests for financial aid ia. the preparation of exhibits. Mrs. Hopkins" School of Applied Design was recommended to the Xational Board for exhibition. The astronomical work of Mrs. Anna Palmer DrajDer, the wife of the late Prof. Draper, was considered of such importance that a correspondence was opened with her in the hope that she would con- sent to find a ]ueans of making demonstration of it in the >Voman's Building. Mrs. Draper manifested a desire as a Xew York woman to co-operate with the women, but ujjon consultation with Prof. Picker- ing, director of the Harvard College Observatory, she wrote that she ■^dshed to abandon the idea as the duplication of the work done for the Harvard College exhibit might detract from the exhibit. Mrs. Elizabeth G. Britton, -wife of Dr. Britton of Columbia College, was urged to make an exhibit of her work, and there was hope at one time of obtaining from her a unique collection of mosses about which she is said to have greater knowledge tlian any other woman in America, but she found she would not have suflicient time. A i-are exhibit of ferns, collected by Mrs. d ames Watson Webb, was arranged by Mrs. Britton in winged frames and shown in the scientific department of the women's building. The executive committee appointed an installation committee with the executive committee as ex-olficio members, to attend to the neces- sai'ily arduous task of installing exhibits at the opening and returning them at the close of the exposition, of which Mrs. Wadsworth con- sented to act as chairman. At this time, March, 1S92, only one appro- priation of 8'^5,0t)0 had been made for the women's board, and the executive, in making estimates oi expenses, found that even with an additional allowance of §25,000 from the second §300,000 jtist granted the Xew Tork State comtnission by the Legislature, they would not have sufficient means to carry out their work as it had been planned. Upon referring the matter to the general board they were advised to make application for an extra 810,000 in the supply bill. This appro- priation was granted and the women gave a promise that they would make no further appeal for money, and having pledged themselves to keep within this limit they closely considered every new outlay. A small provision was made for the knitting mills" exhibit, Mi-s. I:-ss being given charge of the details, and suitable cases were also A'oted for the autogi'aphs of famous women, which Mr. Thacher had generously loaned to the managers for exhibitirm in the Woman's Building. !N Ew York Local Coiuiittee. Tliree members of the exectitive committee being residents cf ITew York city and Brooklyn, they early suggested that there should be a local committee to take charge of the work there, and one was formed of all tlie members of the board from the first and second judicial dis- tricts, ten ladies in all. M-ith Mrs. IL Walter Webb as chairman.' A 166 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. general invitation to attend the meetings, which were held twice a mouth, was extended to the members of the snb-committees in tliese two districts, and to Mrs. Trantman, as it was felt that an interchange of ideas in regard to the exposition work wonld be very beneficial. Frequently the members of the J^ew Jersey board were present by courtesy of Mrs. Webb, as they expressed a desire for such information as would come through the channels of a New York office. Miss Margaret Tomes acted as secretary for the local committee as well as for the bureau of applied arts, and the committee continued active work all through tlie autumn of 1892 and the winter and spring of 1893, having an office in common with the committee of applied arts. Committee on Philantheopy. Fitch Oreohe and Day Wursery Exhibit. At the second board meet- ing Mrs. Dodge reported that, at the time the JSTew York committee of women made a visit to Cliicago, Mrs. Palmer suggested to Miss Love the idea of exhibiting tlie Buffalo Fitch Creche and training school for nursery maids witli its kindergarten in order to show how day nurseries in large cities are managed, this being considered the most advanced philanthropic work on record, as the children are edu- cated and the mothers rendered self-supporting. While at that time the Children's Building was little more than a dream, such a building had been decided upon, and it was now proposed to put to practical test there the day nursery methods. No exhibit of tlie kind had ever , before been made, but its success was proved in the fact that between 10,000 and 11,000 children received its benelits and the day nursery system was thoroughly publislied, as these children came from every State and Territory in the Union. The philanthropic committee was somewhat discouraged just after the exhibit had been decided upon, because of the suggestion from several individuals engaged in philan- thropic work, that infants might be left on their hands by a certain class of women, but only one instance of this kind occurred, and this was on the next to the last day the exhibit was open. The nur- series were on the west side of the Children's Building, and often as early as seven o'clock in the morning a line was formed of parents waiting to " check " their children for the day. If the quarters had been larger the number of children would have been almost iinlimited. In order to better represent the State in this exhibit it was decided that the methods of the Buffalo Fitch Creche and training school for maids should be shown the first three months of the exposition. Miss Love made her preparations to have the Fitch Creche corps leave Buffalo in April, in order to open the exhibit the first of May, but having kept in comiTjunication with the Children's Building authorities she found that great delay had ensued in the erection of the building, and it was utterly useless to attempt to establish the exhibit at the time the exjDosition was to be formally opened. Not only did this prove to be impossible, but when she did go to Chicago the annoy- ances and delays she encountered were innumerable, principally owing to the unfinished state of the building. In spite of every endeavor to push the work the exhibit was not opened until June. A detail of the Eepoet of Boaed of "Women Managers. 167 day nursery work is the feeding of the children, and a kitchen and cook are a necessary part of the menage. Tliere being but one kitclien in the building, Miss Love undertook also to prepare food for the children forming the exhibit of the home for the training in speech of deaf children from Philadelphia, under Miss Mary S. Garrett ; so about twenty-fire cliildren were fed every day, in addition to the regular day nursery groujj. Miss Love personally superintended her exhibit, which was hi cliarge of the matron. Miss Fanny Harris, the number of chil- dren taken care of averaging about fifty a day. Miss Harris had three kindergartens and ten assistants at first, and thirteen during the latter part of her term. There were some details about the day nursery exliibit tliat are not necessary in the management of an ordinar}' nursery, as, for instance, the " checking " of the chil- dren. Three cheeks were used for each child — one to pin to the back of the dress, another to attach to the garments taken off, and still another to give to the mother. Mrs. Dodge not being able to visit Chicago for more than a week at a time, her exhibit was established by her matron, Miss Margery Hall, who, with eighteen assistants, took entire charge of it after it was started on plans laid down by Mrs. Dodge. She was not hampered by any of the obstacles that beset Miss Love's first weeks, and three months of continuous work were possible. With the day nursery methods of Xew York city were exhibited the first ti-aining school for nursery maids, carried on in connection with the Babies' Hospital in Xew York. The total number of children taken care of during Mrs. Dodge's term was T,000, an average of nearly 100 per day. Mrs. Dodge at one time had the arrangements nearly perfected for a com- plete exhibit of kindergarten methods, such as was successfully carried out by some of the Chicago associations in the Illinois State Building, but when the kindergarten associations of Xew York met to discuss the matter the exhibit was given up because of the lack of unity of opinion. Miss Love and Mrs. Dodge had in both the creche and day nursery exhil:)its a kindergarten class for the older children, biit this was intended only as an exhibit of kindei'garten methods as adajjted to the needs of the day nursery. It was not easy to fix upon an appropriation that would cover the expenses of the nursery exhibit as there was no precedent for it, unless the fitting up and starting of an entirely new and very large nursery might be considered as one. Mrs. Dodge asked the boai-d for $2,500, at the S8.me time volunteering to raise a portion of the exjjenses by jjrivate subscription. Miss Love also received donations. A fee of twenty-five cents was charged for each child in order to cover the price of the food. The appropriation of §2,500 was exceeded, but the amount paid by the State does not represent the actual cost of the exhibit, nor can this be reckoned because of the x-ariety of the gifts and loans. The work of the philanthropic committee would not have been complete without some representation from the training schools for nurses. The fact that the British schools of nursing established originally by Florence Xightingale, and representing the London hos- pitals in all their strength, and enjoying the patronage of the Duchess 108 1*1 Ew York AT THE World's Columbian Exposition. of Cambridge, liad already prepared a large and exhaustive exhibit appealed so strongly to the committee's patriotism, that some showing of the work done in jSTew York and Brooklyn in that line seemed an absolute necessity. Many plans were proposed and discussed. The medical director of the exposition, Dr. Owens, was appealed to for a jDermit to establish a pavilion for the reception of patients who fell ill, or met with accidents within an indicated radius, and which should be cared for by the several hospitals in turn. This and other plans being absolutely refused by those in power in Chicago, a silent exhibit was the last resort. This was accepted at once and assigned space in the Anthropological Building wliicli was not yet in course of construction. A small appropriation having been placed at the committee's dis]30sal, seven of the largest hospitals of New York and Brooklyn signified their •willingness to co-operate in the work. Bellevue's school headed the list, because of its being the first one established in this country, and was warmly seconded by the jSfew York Hospital and followed by the Presbyterian, Mt. Sinai, New York City (representing Charity and Maternity of Ward's Island, and Gouverneur and Harlem hospitals), Brooklyn City and Brooklyn Homoeopathic. Later in the summer the Women's Memorial Hospital of Brooklyn was added to the list in place of the Orthopedic Hospital of N"ew York, which gave up its plan of exhibiting what they were doing for the deformed. Great credit is due to the already over-taxed superintendents of these schools for the courage and energy with which they undertook this rather intangible exhibit, determined to devise ways and means of demonstrating the benefits they were conferring upon humanity. Bellevue contributed her medal and diploma won at the last Paris International Exposition, together with her report and text books, etc. Mt. Sinai followed with a complete list of surgical dressing baskets and other necessary paraphernalia belonging to the profession, while the Presbyterian Hosjjital furnished a model ward in miniature, with its medical surgical sides completely arranged with antiseptic appli- ances and nurses (dolls) in attendance, which attracted universal atten- tion and seemed to enlighten people upon the modern improvements now adapted to hospital furnishing more than any other part of the exhibit. They all contributed uniformed dolls, pictures of their wards and nurses' homes, diplomas and various articles pertaining to the pro- fession in the most generous way, and the committee desire to exjDress lierewith their appreciation of these efforts. As the date of the opening of the exposition approached, and the Anthropological Building was still far from completed, space was assigned to this interesting exhibit, through Mrs. Potter Palmer's kind- ness, in the educational department of the Woman's Building. It received most gi-atifying attention from the public at large. Three medals — ■ one for the Mt. Sinai school, one for the Presbyterian school and the third for the exhibit as a whole — were awarded. Justice demanded that each one of these schools should have been medaled alike, for each one showed some different branch of this system of instruction, and no effort was spared to secure this gratifying result, but argument and explanation proved of no avail, and while the com- Kepoet of Boaed of WoiiEX Managers. 169 mittee regret the fact, the superintendents should not feel that their good woik was lost, for the3' contributed to the completeness of this exhibit, and have shown to the world tlie important part thev liear in the struggle the hospitals are making against diseases and death, and liow well they compare with the older schools of England and the continent. Miss Emily Huntington had the kitchen garden exhibit entirely in her charge, subject to direction from the executive committee. The sche;ne of kitchen garden work, a method of developing in little children a knowledge cf household duties, originated ^Wth Aliss Hunt ington, who was in charge of the "Wilson Indnstrial School for twenty years. It could, therefore, be shown as a purely Xew York exhibit, and the managers early felt an interest in presenting it at the expo- sition. Miss Huntington was invited to the board meeting of Sep- tember 7, 1S92, and there presented her plan for the exhibit. Such an exliibit had not been made before, and there seemed no way of show- ing the system other than by having children themselves demonstrate it every day. This wonld necessarily be an expensive undertaking, and the Board of Women Managers decided to allow Miss Huntington the 82,500 which she estimated it would cost, and within which limit she kept. Miss Huntington planned to have Chicago cliildren give her the necessary aid, and she immediately received the co-operation of the Cook County Xornial School and tlie Chicago Kitchen Garden Asso- ciation, two or three of whose teachers became her assistants. Miss Huntington arrived at her post the last of April expecting to be able to establish her exhibit at once, but she fonnd the formidable obstacle that hindered Miss Love. The rooms assigned to her in the Childreir s Build- ing, two on the second floor, were unfinished, and she was obliged to bide her time, hastening Ihe workmen from day to day by the author- ity cf the chairman of the children's building committee. Miss Hunt- ington was able to make exhibition of classes on the opening day, as she had been drilling the children in the gymnasium of the Cook county school, and an exhibition was made each day from the opening of the Children's Bniidine: till its close. It M-as no small task to make arrange- ments with the parents of twenty-nve little girls to dllow them to come to the grounds every clay at three o'clock, and then with the exposition authorities for their entrance. The same twenty-five children were not obliged to come each day. Miss Huntington being aided by the normal school and mission children at stated times during the week. All the children had to be safely taken to and from the grounds in wagonettes. Miss Hunting- ton's agreement was to dii'ect the exhibit herself during the entire six months. The work was a severe task, however, and she was obliged to leave Chicago and come east for a stay of two months and a half. She left the work in the competent hands of Miss Larraljee, wlio had been a pupil of Miss Huntington's years Ijefore, and directed tlie classes each day. That great interest was shown in the exhibit was manifested by the uuinber of people who crowded therornn while the children were going throngh their exercises, and at ether hours sought information about estaljlisliing work of the same character 22 170 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Expositioit. in other cities. One liundred and seventy -five different children had the benefit of the instruction, and there is no doubt that tlie system will be started in many towns wliere it was unknown before the expo- sition. On the afternoon of October fourteenth, by invitation from the Board of Women Managei's, Miss Huntington gave a reception and exhibition of her system in the New York State Building. One hun- dred children took part, and it was a very pleasant ending of a credit- able summer's work. Committee on the Decoeation and Furnishing of the Libeaey. The National Board requested the States to lend their aid in decorat- ing and furnishing the Woman's Building. New York at once entered into the scheme with an offer to equip the library. A committee was formed with Mrs. Sage as chairman, but no work was undertaken unti'. the autumn of 1892, except to obtain the consent of the Board of Gen eral Managers to an appropriation of $5,000 for the purpose. One ot the rooms on the ground floor of the Woman's Building was at first designated for the library, but upon consultation with Mrs. Palmer it was found that these rooms had all been assigned to exhibits. With the advice and aid of Mrs. Wheeler, who was a member of Mrs. Sage's committee, the large west room on the second floor was secured, and Mrs. Wheeler consented to assume the direction ^^f the decoration and furnishing, using her time and brain without stini in her labor of love. Five thousand dollars seems a generous appropriation for the equipment of a single room, but had not liberal loans been offered this sum would have been greatly exceeded. A second appropriation of $500 was found necessary, but as there has been a very fair rebate on the book cases the original a]3propriation Avill very nearly cover the cost. There were many unforeseen delay's, and even by the f orchig of labor the room was not completed until some time after the opening of the exposition. The most important loan was the ceiling. This Mrs. Dora Wheeler Keith designed and painted. The ceiling recalled that of some old Venetian palace in richness of color and style of composition, although the subject belonged to and was kept strictly in its place as a part of a great public library. It was composed of five large ovals or medal- lions holding groups of single figures, the spaces between being filled with connecting designs or bands of gilded ornament. The exhibit of the decoration of the library received an award. A separate award was made Mrs. Keith for the ceiling. Committee on Liteeatuee, Liteeaey Clubs and the Peess. A woman's library being one of the exhibits desired for the Woman's Building by Mrs. Palmer and her associates, the share that New York- State women were to take in it was dwlj considered at a second meeting of the executive committee, and a committee on literature was formed with Mrs. Bellamy as chairman. At a subsequent meeting Mrs. Bellamy presented her scheme for exhibiting the work of women writ- ers, which she'deemed would be incomplete if it consisted only of a display of books. Her idea, afterwards develojjed, was to divide the Eepoet of Boaed of Women Managees. 171 exhibit into three bi'anches : First, an historical and chronological col- lection of all books written by women, native or resident of the State ; second, a series of chronicles prejjared by and representing every liter- ary clnb whicli had been organized for naore than three years, and, third, a record of the work done in the press and periodicals ; the entire exhibit afterwards to be presented to the State Libi'ary. Mrs. Bellamy succeeded in interesting three different organizations of women in her plan — the Wednesday Afternoon Chib, in the collec- tion of books ; the Sorosis, in the gathering of data relating to literary clubs, and the Graduates' Association of Buffalo, in tlie preparation of statistics relating to work in the press and periodicals. The Wednes- day Afternoon Club appointed a connnittee to undertake the collection of books with Mrs. Frederick F. Tliompson, chairman, and Mrs. Charles Havens Eoyce, secretary. Sorosis formed a committee with Mrs. Phcebe A. Hanaford as chairman, and the Buffalo Graduates' Association acted as a committee of tlie whole with its president, Miss Charlotte Mulligan, as chairman. The labor that such a plan entailed was very great, and Ijefore the exhibit was finally placed in the Woman's Building, hundreds, possibly thousands, of women, in various parts of the State aided in different branches of the work. The books finally made a collection of over 2,500 volumes. The work of obtaining them was done with the utmost zeal and success by Mrs. Frederick F. Thompson, Mrs. Charles H. Royce, and their assistants in the Wed- nesday Afternoon Club, and also by many helpers in the different coun- ties, notably Mrs. Henry Earle, Mrs. Wni. S. Packer and Mrs. Gordon L. Ford, in Brooklyn ; Mrs. Francis A. Goodale, in Utica, and Mrs. H. A. St. John, in Ithaca. A vigorous correspondence was kept up, advertisements sent out broadcast, private libraries, book stores and book stalls ransacked, and every means that patience and ingenuity could devise was employed to insure the success of the work. Many publishers offered a copy of eacli of the books they had issued by New Yoi'k women writers, and, generally speaking, authors, publishers, book- sellei's and friends were most kind and responsive. The collection of books consisted of children's stories, works of fiction, science, cookery and household economics, education, language, translation, original verse, compiled verse, travels, biography and memoirs, history, art, religion and miscellany. A copyrighted pamphlet was issued, contain- ing a list of wcmen authors and their works, asterisks being placed against the titles of the books sent for exhibition. Especial interest had been taken by the committee engaged in gathering books, because it had been stated that the collection would be shown by itself as a Xew York State exhibit. But in November, 1S92, an announcement was received that the Board of Lady Managers desired to make a united exhibit of books, and that it was expected the collection from the ISTew York board would become a part of it. Mrs. Bellamy brought the matter before the executive committee, and she was authorized to write to Mrs. Palmer that all the arrangements having been made to this end, the New York books must have place as a collective exhibit, or they could not be shown in the woman's library. She afterwards appeared before a committee of the National Board in Cliicago, and placed the 172 New Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. matter befoi-e it in sncli a light that she was granted tlie reqiiired privilege. Being desirous of securing something besides mere data in regard to women's work in periodicals, Mrs. Bellamy decided to have selection made of magazine articles under separate heads, and to show them in typewritten folios in the library. An advisory council was formed, and included almost every woman in the State of distinguished ability in periodical literature, to decide upon the articles to l)e selected ; each of these ■women was made a committee of one to select the most brilliant articles under a certain head and write an introduction. In this way thirty-nine folios were prepared. As the work progressed one idea developed another and the literary committee decided to consult a publishei' as to the desirability of reproducing some of the articles in book form. Mi-. J . Henry Harper at once manifested an interest in the undertaking, and the result was that six little volumes were selected from the folios and published by Harper Brothers, under the title of the Distafl: Series, a name chosen by the editor, Mrs. Lucia Gilbert Runkle, who gave no small portion of her valuable time to the work. Through the courtesy of Mrs, Palmer and the exposition authorities the books were placed on sale in the library. The exhibit from the literary clubs was presented in seventy-fi\'e folios, representing every club of prominence and many of the minor associations in the State. Each folio contained a history of the organization with its constitution and by-laws and four representative papers, which had been read before it. These folios were bound in russet Suede, carrying on the cover the name of the club and a large blue seal, stamped with the badge of the Board of "Women Managers. The thirty -iiine literary folios, together with the list of 3,000 women contributors to the press and periodicals, the latter being carefully revised by Mrs. J. C. Croly (Jenny June), and some model folios showing how the work had been done in the various counties, were similarly bound, except that the seal used was white instead of blue. The typewriting in all the folios bearing this white seal was done by Miss S. Louise Conklin, of New York, and her assistants, with the utmost care and perfection, in order that it might form in a secondary -^vay an exhibit of model typewrit- ing. All of the covers of the folios were of golden i-usset Suede designed l)y Mrs. Pryor of the Associated Artists. The}' bore on the outside the reproduction of the seal of the Board of Women Managers. The first appropriation made for the literary committee was $300o As the work grew and it was found that the special printing and type- writing, besides other important items, would occasion large bills, the executive voted $3,000 in addition to the first sum. The latter amount " has not been exceeded, but note should be made of the fact that the Wednesday Afternoon Club genei'ously voted a subscription of §1,000, one of its members jjaying the rent of a room at the Bible House, and the services of a clerk during a considerable period wlien a place of deposit and a custodian were needed for the books. The literary clubs were required to do their own typewriting of records, etc., so the preparation of this branch of the exhibit was done without cost to the literary committee. With but t-wo exceptions, none of the -women KePCIKT I.IF EoARD OF WoMEN MaNAGEES. 173 received the Siiiallest compeiisatiou for their time, and the exceptions •were made because it was ahsohitelj indispensable to liave the services of experts. At the close of the exposition the entire literary exhibit was removed to the Capitol at Albany, and placed in the State Library. The Governor of the State and tlie Director of the State Liltrary have most kindly promised their aid in secnring appropriations in the future, in order that tliis collection may every year receive the additions made to it by women throiighout the State, in the belief that it is destined to become a collection of genuine historic value. CoMJirrTEE ox Education. lu making Mrs. Andre\v D. White chairman of the committee on e'ducation at the first board meeting it was believed that the work, as directed by her, would have exceptional value. Unfortunately, owing to the appointment of Mr. White as Minister to Russia, and Mrs. White's subsequent departure, she was unable to take up her duties, and resigned from the chairmanship. Mrs. Bellamy, the first member of Mrs. White's committee, was at once urged to fill the vacant place, and only reluctantly acceded to the recpiest that her name should stand as chairman, if au expert migiit he appointed to do the work, as her plans in connection with the literary committee demanded all her time. Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, of Vassar College, was considered to be the woman most highly fitted for the position, and she was invited to rep- resent the women's board. In accepting the position Prof. Salmon refused any salary or remuneration other than her expenses. Before Prof. Salmon began her work Mrs. Bellamy paid a visit to Mrs. Alice Freeman Pahner, in Boston, for consultation, and there learned that Massachusetts had already been at work over a year, and Mrs. Palmer was paying three experts to make the researches required for a cred- italile exhibit. This information was somewhat appalling, hut only made the duties more exacting for New York. The educational work for the State having been given into the hands of the secretary of the Board of Pegents, Mr. Melvil Dewey, the Women's educational committee and Prof. Salmon considered that the best way to bring out women's interests was to work in connection with the men's departnaent, Mr. Dewey being entirely favorable to the plan. The work proceeded on these lines, aided to some extent by the mem- bers of the educational committee of the Board of Women Managers, and the sub-committees. Prof. Salmon gave her attention principally to private schools and women's colleges in this State, urging them to exhibit, but lent her valuable aid in a general way to the work of Mr. Dewey's bureau, which was comprised under three heads : First, that of public schools; second, Xha.t of private schools, including academies ; third, of colleges and universities. The plan was to have a comijlete exhibit of certain great systems of education, rather than to have a lit- tle exhibition of smaller schools. The magnificent showing made by K^ew York in all educational lines, in spite of limited time, is a fact to be pointed to with pride by both men and women. 174 New Yokk at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. The Ccoking School Exhibit. In the last week of June, 1892, Mrs. Straualian received a coinmu- nication. from Mrs. Palmer, expressing tiie desire that a cooking school exhibit should be made liy New York State, as cooking schools had originated there. This was followed hj other letters urging Isew York's acting, as New York alone was expected to have a cooking school. The exhibit M'as classed among educational interests, and, after a meeting of the executive committee, Mrs. Stranahan, as a member of the educational committee, was asked and consented to take charge of this department. Miss Juliet Corson was named as the best exponent of the New York cooking school, but it was known she was in bad health, and there seemed little hope of her being able to take upon herself the responsi- bility. When the subject was broached to her by Mrs. Stranahan, however, she was found to be eager to assume charge of this important exhibit. During the summer of 1892 Mr. Thacher suggested to Mrs. Strana- han that a restaurant might be established in connection with the cook- ing school ; a contract was, therefore, drawn with articles to admit of conducting one. It was afterwards decided by the board that the proposition should 1)8 given up. Miss Corson was invited to appear before the board at the meeting of September T, 1893, and then stated that she had made a complete plan for a cooking school exhibit, and that the board would not be required to furnish any financial aid When asked how she proposed to pay the expenses of the exhibit, she rei)lied in a manner of self-reliance in which the board was led to place great confidence. Miss Corson's professional aliility was well known, and at this interview personal intercourse also made apparent her native gifts. She afterwards said that manufacturers with whom she had had dealings for years would aid her. A suggestion from the letter of Mrs. Palmer, whose comprehensive knowledge grasped even these details, that this might be a method of furnishing a model kitchen, added force to the proposition and it was accepted. The board expressed itself ag very grateful that one exhibit conld be made without an apjjropriation from the State. There is no doubt now tliat Miss Corson undertook more tlian her strength would admit of her carrying out. There were other things also that militated against her success. Allowing that the manufactur- ers would have been glad to aid by sending their goods and cooking utensils for her use, there was a lack of enthusiasm among them for the exposition, and this, combined with the hard times, prevented her receiving the co-operation expected, Jliss Corson had also relied upon the theory that Ne*v York would be the only State making an exhibit of cooking in the Woman's Building, conditions that soon became changed. Mrs. Palmer's plan was not to have Miss Corson director of the entire cooking school exhibit, as was first supposed, but to have Miss Corson's demonstrations at stated times during the week in alter- nation with other cooking school teachers. Every coniidence continued to be felt in Miss Corson until it was found that she had prepared a Report of Boakij of Women Managees. 175 circular coiipliiiH' the names of the Board of Women Managers with hers in issuing au appeal for funds to carry on tlie exlubit. Hei judg ment was then questioned, as later, when she refused to share the model kitchen in the Woman's Building with Mrs. Eoi-er, wlio liad been pronused it at certain hours to carry on the Illinois exlubit of corn cookery. Ajiplication was made to transfer tlie exhibit to the Liberal Arts Building, but a reply was telegraphed that a I'eeent (March) decis- ii'jn of the management had ]5rohibited any cooking in tlie Liberal Arts Building. Ground space was then asked for, and after a considerable time it was granted, south of the Anthropological Building. Miss Cor- son expressed herself as entirely satisfied with the situation, as it was nekr the space deyoted to liygiene and sanitation and the Boston exhibit, known as the Eiimford Kitchen, and she went to Chicago to estabhsh herself. Meantime, as early as October, Miss Corson asked for a loan to tide oyer her financial difficulties until her location should become so assured that her appeals to outsiders might haye solid l)asis. She was still hopeful of the final result, and ilrs. Stranahan brought the matter of a loan before the executiye committee, with the effect that Miss Corson was requested to state what she would need. She replied, ask- ing for §l,OijO, payable at the end of five months. Later, when it was learned that a portable house would be needed in which to make the exhibit, the executiye committee took action to make the 81,000 loan to Miss Corson a perniauent approi^riation to coyer the expense of the house. While the board was in no way bound to aid Miss Corson, liecause of her early statement that sucli aid was unnecessary, it felt some respon- sibility for the exliibit as it was announced as a jS^ew York State exhibit, and the board desired also to show its loyalty to Mrs. Strana- han on account of her untiring efforts to make it a success. Indeed, tlie acceptance by the board of tlie public-spirited and generous ])ropo- sition of Miss Corson to require no appropriation from the State for her exhibit, gaye to the board tlie necessity of accepting results ^yith- out full exercise of judgment. It was not from lack of interest or from neglect that the cooking school resulted in much less than had been hoped for and indeed expected. In making the admission the board desires not to blame Miss Corson, but to attribute her failure to her deplorable state of ill-health. In the management of this exhibit allowance must also be made for the absence of a cooking school, jjroperly so called, with demonstration lessons, on account of the difficulty of forming a class for instruction and liokHng it long enough for it to receive the lessons because of the liastening of visitors from exhibit to exhibit. This flitting tendency was both proven and obviated in the exhibits in the Children's Building by locking the doors against egress during exercises. In the one other fooking school in whicli demonstration lessons were given, except the exhibit in corn cookery, the class for stated hours of instruction was secured from residents of Chicago. Miss Corson's ability was recog- nized by lier appointment to the distinguished service of judging the food exhibits. She also received an award for '' demonstrations in hygienic dietetics, the medical properties of foods and the operations I'f oheinieal and economic household science." 176 Nkw York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Afro-American Exhibit. When Miss Howard began her exposition work she hardly knew in what direction lier efforts would do the most good to the women of her race, but she had an earnest desire to aid tliem by bringing before the public statistics in reference to their employment, an account of their progress and samples of their best work. She was given authority Ijy the executive committee to form her own committees and follow such lines as she considered best. Whatever may be the result, too much praise can not be given Miss Howard for her untiring and almost ceaseless work during about two years. As she is a ISTew York city public school teacher her time was not her own, and her out of school hours were greatly taxed. During the vacations she visited the sur- rounding and sometimes distant towns to organize sub-committees, and she sent written and printed appeals all over the State to arouse the women of her race to a knowledge of the importance of the occasion. She early made up her mind that these women could not, except m a few cases, compete with others in the different lines of women's work, and when it was suggested by the executive coinmittee that the Afro- American exhibit should be made by itself in order to give it a larger scope, urged by some members of her committees who claimed to see the advantage of sucli a division, she went to work earnestly to collect an exhibit tliat might show to some degree on what lines jjrogress is being made. Miss Howard's first efforts were in the direction of statistics. In making her researches she came upon so much that was interesting out- side of New York, that she was authorized to extend her efforts to other States. She, therefore, enlisted the aid of colored editors of newspapers, the teachers in schools all over the country and others whose positions gave them a knowledge of their people. In this man- ner and also by forming associations of women in Philadelphia, Wash- ington and Boston she gathered together a most valuable collection of information. To Philadelphia was assigned the interests of the Middle Atlantic States ; to Washington was given the task of obtaining statistics about women in the South and West, and to Boston the facts concern- ing New England women. These committees finally asked permission to confine their reports to the cities of Washington and Philadelphia and the State of Massachusetts. Not willing to give up the original plan of obtaining authentic information from the different sections of the United States, Miss Howard personally addressed letters of inquiry to over 1,000 women, from whom extremely gratifying reports were received. The data relating to New York State colored women was incorporated with the statistics arranged in charts by Miss Roosevelt's committee, while the general information was carefully and neatly transcribed by Miss Howard herself and sent to the State board. It was found that those colored women who had done the most to show their capabilities are teachers, authors, artists, doctors, designers, musicians, nurses (trained), engravers, missionaries, lawyers, inventors, clerks, librarians, bookkeepers, editors, etc. The facts obtained made a number of jjages of tabulated statements and it was at once decided Repoet of Board of AVomkn JNIanagkks. 177 that these pages should be homul and placed on exhibition. The book rested on a table bookcase in tlie south record room of the Woman's Building during the exposition, and luis since been i-emoved with the other records to the State Library. The Afro-American exhibit was a varied collection of articles, chieHy the handiwork of colored women with a few interesting loans. The case in wliich it was exhibited was furnished for the pui'pose In- tlie National Board, who desired to show their interest, and stood in the southwest room leading from the gallery of the Woman's Building. The statriette of " Iliawatlia" by Edmonia Lewis, a colored woman sculptor of note, was with some difficulty obtained as a loan by J\Iiss Howard, aided by the chairman of the executive committee, from tlie Boston Young Men's Christian Association, and this was shown in the library. The only theft from any of the New York exhibits was made from the Afro-American collection. Tlie door of one of the cases was found open one morning in July and a gold chain witli ear-rings and brooch extracted. The occurrence was at once reported to tlie depart- ment of secret service, but the thief was never detected, and, therefore, tlie articles were never recovered. The board regretted the loss and felt that the exposition attthorities should make restitution to the owner. President Higinljotham was addressed on the subject, and half the value of the exliibit, which was placed at §210, was obtained from the exposition company, tlie board of women managers paying the owner the remainder. The Afro-American exhibit received an award. CoMMn'TEE ox THE CoLoxiAL Axi) Rkvolutionak V ExuiBrr. Mrs. Ralph Trautman, New Y^ork's I'epresentative on the National board, informed the State l)oard, at tlie meeting held in September, 1892, that a committee had been formed for the purpose of preparing a colonial exhil)it for the exposition. She told the ladies that in order to make the collection a success the State boards would have to co-op- erate by organizing committees. The matter was not acted upon at once, in fact the members of the board felt themselves already suffi- ciently taxed, l)ut later Mrs. F. II. Jones, who was asked to fill a vacancy on the Women's Board, was invited and consented to take com- plete charge of the colonial exhibit, asking an a])propriation of $10,00(J. As she had no definite idea of the cost of such an exhibit, but knew the charges for insurance would he heavy, the executive committee, although anxious to aid Mrs. Jones in every way, felt that $10,000, being one-sixth of the entire amount at their disposal, was too large a sum for one exhibit. Several of the members so expressed themselves to Mr. Thacher, adding that the executive committee felt that $5,000 was all it could afford as an ajipropriation from the Women's Board, and asking that the Board of General Managers should share tlie expense of the exhibit ; this Mr. Thacher agreed should be done, saying, if $10,000 was needed, the second $5.<.i(»0 should be furnished by his board. It was at first intended that the exhibit should only occupy a show- case, filling one arch in the rotunda of the Government Building, but as it outgrew this space, it was divided into two parts — those objects which had distinct historical associations and value being shown in fhe Ar 1 178 New York at the Woelp's Columbiax Exi'osition. Government Building, while those dealing witli the home life of the past were placed in a room set apart for them in the New York bnilding, which Avas constantly crowded M-itli visitors, who seemed cliiefl}' attracted by the "xlstor " piano, the old wheels for spinning wool and flax, a beautiful old Dutcli sledge and the massive silver ^ases presented to Governor Clinton on the completion of the Erie canal, which were admitted as being of great local interest, although belong- ing to a someAvhat later day. Showcases were tilled with small objects, wliile on the walls were hung portraits and interesting old deeds and grants of property. In the Government Building was shown the com- plete camp service used by General "Washington during the Revolurion, also that of General Philip Schuyler and various interesting articles loaned by his descendants and by the Yan Cortlandt family. A Avaist- coat embroidered by j\larie Antoinette and given by Madame Campan to her l)rotlier, Citizen Genet, attracted much attention, as did the miniatures of Alexander Hamilton, Colonel William Duer and the only order and diploma of Cincimiati exhibited by any State. As every article in the collection was prized by its owner far beyond its intrinsic value, the whole was heavily insured in the best companies, and tlie rate of insurance was so high that this was the largest item in the expenses of the committee, which were necessarily heavy. There were 230 articles exhibited, and everything in the Government Build- ing and of historical interest was returned to its owner without the least injury, only two small articles having l^een lost in the New York State Building during the process of unpacking while the building was still in confusion. Fortunately Mrs. Jones was able to keep within the appropriation made by the Board of Women Managers, as the space assigned for the exhibit in the Government Building was very smail. Applied Arts CoMAUTTiiE. An exhibit of women's work in tlie applied arts was among the first to be considered by the State board. As Mrs. Candace Wheeler had for years been closely associated with this bi-anch of industry, she was invited to become director of the exhibit. It was found impossible to make the collection without first establishing an office in New York city, as this was the center from which to direct or create interest in the exhibit. Through the kind aid of the late Mr. McNaughton, rooms Avere acquired at 11:22 Broadway, where tlie First Judicial Commission liad offices. Mrs. AVheeier at once asked for an approjiriation of $2,500 for the expense of gathering together the exhibit, but the sum was exceeded as the collection was made with greater difficulty than Avas at first anticipated. The office at 1122 Broadway Avas necessarily retained until the 1st of May, 1S93, but as it Avas used commonly by Mrs. Wheelef's and Mrs. Webb's committees, the office expenses Avere equally divided. Mrs. Wheeler was given the power to form as many sub-committees as she felt could aid her. She Avas sometimes unaA'oid- ably absent in Chicago for long periods, having received the appoint- ment of color director of the AVoman's Building, and at these times, Miss Margaret Tomes, secretary of the bureau, Avas frequently obliged to exercise her judgment in matters of importance. At the first of Report of Board of "Woiikx ^'Ianagees. 179 the eight meetings held by Mrs. "Wheeler the different lines of work were disenssed, and the following connnittees formed : Committee on applied and decorative painting ; conmiittee on stahied glass and glass mosaics ; committee on modeling anil jalaster ornament ; committee on woodcarving, picture frames, etc. ; committee on ornamental leather, waJl paper, etc. ; committee on modern textiles and tapestries ; com- mittee on modern embroideries ; committee on modern ecclesiastical embroideries ; committee on designs for gold and silver work, gems, etc. ; committee on art manufactures in iron, brass, etc. ; committee on pottery, ]iorcelains, etc. ; committee on l:)ook liinding, book covers, etc. ; committee on modern handmade lace. It was hoped that these committees would completely cover the work of women in the applied arts, and that the workers themseh'es would quickly respond to the circulai-s and other ap]5eals sent all o\'er the State, liegging their interest in the exhibit. In September, 1S02, Mrs. "Wheeler found that if the exhibit was to be a credit, the choice specimens of work must be requested, ])erhaps personally sought after, treated as a loan, and the expenses of insurance and transportation paid by the board. The workers themselves found it impossible to send their contributions at their own risk and cost. Efforts made on these lines were productive of success although much hard work was entailed. ISTaturally the first general appeal brought to the bureau from the country districts, and even from Xew York, occasional articles which were of no artistic merit and othei's that wei'e well enough for a local exhibition, but were not of sufficient importance to place in a collec- tion for a great exposition. It was of course impossible to accept or reject proposed exhibits without having them placed before expert committees. Partly for the purpose of gatJiering together the articles in one place, so that they could be properly passed upon, and also in order to work up a stronger interest Ijy giving local color to the plan for the exposition, the chairmen of the various committees met and decided to hold a preliminary exhibition in Xew York city. It \vas euthtisiastically suggested that if the exhibition should prove success- ful it might result in the establishment of a regular exhibition and assist in the founding of a permanent bureau of applied arts. The "preliminary" was so planned that it very nearly paid its own expenses, being placed in the hands of the American Art Association, 6 East Twenty-third street, and, as above stated, it made it possible for the expert committees to inspect the articles with ease and make suitable selections for the exjjosition. The preliminary exhibition took place early in March. At its close 458 articles were chosen for Chicago, and wei'e packed and forwarded in charge of Mrs. "Wheeler. It was an important exhibit as showing the varied handicrafts of wcjnien. It was strong in certain lines, some of wliich were new departures in the field of women's W(_)i'k. The collection was shown in glass cases of such shape and dimensions as exhiljited the articles to advantage. The greater part of it was assigned space in the northeast corner and on the ground lioor of the Women's Building, but the space not being sutiicient, the wall papers and book cover designs, etc., were displaj^ed respectively in the educational department and tlie gallery. The work of the xisso- 180 IS^KW York at the World's Coltjmbiax Exposition. ciated Artists, altliough planned at first for a separate exhibit, was finally included with tlie applied arts. The following exhibitors received awards : Mrs. Esther Carter, Mrs. Frederick Downer, Miss Sophie W, Downer, Mrs. S. H. Emerson, Clotilde Garboriiio, Meta S. Gibson, Mrs. Henry Hampton, Mrs. Jane Holdsworth, Mi's. Dora Wlieeler Keith, J. & R. Lamb, Mrs. Rhoda Holmes Nicholls, Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, Mrs. Mary Austin Peters, Jnlie Petit, Mrs. R. W. Preston, Miss JS(. C. Ryerson, Mrs. E. N. Vanderpool and Miss Pauline Yan Kuyck. Committee on Manufactures and Industries. The same difficulty to be met in all the coimnittees — lack of sufficient time — retarded tiie work on manufactures and industries. The board havino- been formed in the summer, just as the members were about to leave town, it was difficult to undertake any consecutive plans. Miss Roosevelt, chairman, appointed a sub-committee, with Mrs. Caspar Griswold, of New York city, at its head, but it M^as autumn before any practical work could be taken up. Inquiries about the women employees were tlien instituted at some of the factories, but there seemed so nnicli reluctance on the part of the manufacturers to furnish any facts that this method was abandoned. The desire of the committee was to learn in what proportion women were employed in factories, and as far as possible to obtain details concerning their positions relative to men. An attempt was made to investigate the various indus- tries ]iursued by women, many of wliicli had been o]iened to them only during recent years. Miss Roosevelt \\'rote the superintend- ents of the census and bureau of statistics in Washington, and also Jaines Connolly, Factory Inspector of New York State. She received the co-operation of all, and Mr. Connolly proposed the plan of compiling from his reports the statistics regarding women's work in factories. He said it would cost from $300 to $500 to ]3repare such a work, as the figures would have to be culled from his general reports^ some of which had been published tliough some had not. The expe- rience of an exjiert was desirable and he suggested that his own employ- ees should do the work. This plan was acceded to, the only recpiest from Miss Roosevelt being tliat Avonien should be assigned tlie task. In giving the work into the hands of Mr. Connolly's experts, it was found unnecessary for Miss Roosevelt and her committee on manufactures and industries to instigate any further inquiries about factory women, and the work of this committee was virtually merged in the committee on statistics. The compilations made in the Factoiy Inspector's office were so tabulated that at a glance it could be found how many factories there were in tlie State in which women were employed, what was the percentage of ■^womeii, etc. As an incidental matter, Mr. Connolly, at the request of Miss Roosevelt, asked some of the manufacturers to have their workrooms in wliich women were employed photographed. A certain number responded, and these photographs were placed on exhibition in the record room of tlie Woman's Building with the statis- tical charts. EErOKT OF BoAKI) OF WoMEN MANAGERS. 181 Committee on Statistics. Early in the Avork for tlie exposition, Mrs. Palmer caused a circular to be sent out asking for a full record of what women were doing in all industrial lines, and she desired the ladies of each State and Territory to prepare eliarts giviiig full information as to such work. A com- mittee on statistics was one of the first to lie formed by the New York State Board of AVomen Managei's, and it was considered a wise plan to select a Xew York eitv woman as chairman. Miss Roosevelt was appointed, and accepted the position. Mrs. Palmer's expressed desire gave the work an imjjetus it could not otherwise have had, for gathering statistics is an almost thankless task. No matter how well such an exhilut might lie jjlanned, there could be no hope of completely covering the ground in the short space of time allowed, and even if inoomparablv well done the fact would still remain that the exhibit would Hidy interest a small number of individuals. But Mrs. Palmer's ol)ject was a good i.me, and the New York board was desirous of co-operating with her. The countj^ workers formed their committees on the lines marked out by the women managers, and in the coui'se of time records began to come in from different parts of the State. This was pioneer work, and Miss Roosevelt makes n(j pretension to a com- plete record. It is valuable, however, if for no other reason than its suggestiveuess, showing the innumerable olijects to which women turn for self-support. The question of the wage-earning power of men and women is beyond the scope of this report, but it would seem well to state what the investigations prove, that frecpiently the complaints made as to the higher wages given men are most unjust, as women are often the ones who cut down the wages for their whole .sex. Tliis is largely owing to the fact that many only wish to help support themselves while living at home, and constantly look forward to the probability of marriage. Miss Roosevelt found a very able co-w(jrker in Miss Florence Lock- wood, and slie was aided also by Miss Mary Gay Plumphreys, a news- paper woman, who had given special attention to factory women, and Miss Margaret Finn, factory inspector. Miss Loekwood was made chairman of the New York city suh-committee, and more than a year was most exactingly demanded from the women in their task of col- lecting and preparing the statistics. It is interesting to state here that one of the men in Washingtcui, whom Miss Roosevelt consulted as an authority in regard to her work, said that whatever her connnittee was able to jjrint, so long as it was correct, would be most useful even where not absolutely full. Something of the nature and magnitude of the work of the committee on statistics will be seen by the following extracts from a report issued .several months ago : " The data given has in every instance, except two (for the insane and criminal reports), been collected by volunteers and in all instances arranged by volunteers. When this fact is realized and it is also remembered that up to this time nu attempt has been made to make a general and complete classi- Hcatiou of the achievements and occupations of women, it will bo under 182 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. stood why the report is iii some respects so impei-fect and so inadequate ill representing the women of the State. " The women of 'Sew York State number 3,020,960 (total popula- tion 5,997,953), an eleventh of the whole female population of the Union. Owing partly to J^ew York's being an old and thickly-settled State, containing the largest city in the republic, it has initiated and led many of the most important experiments and movements in which women have been engaged during the past fifty years. " Among tlie professions, the progress of the study of medicine by women has been pecuharly noteworthy, the first medical diploma ,ever given to a woman being presented to Doctor Elizabeth Blackwell in Geneva, N. Y., in 18J:9 ; the first women's hospital in the world founded in 1857, in iSTew York city, and the first medical society to admit women members opening its doors to them in 1867. The medical educational facilities for women, with the exception of liosiDital practice, are bet- ter in this State at this moment than in any other State or country in the world. '• The number of women journalists is also noteworthy, 2,401, among whom 321 rank as editors of daily, weekly and monthly publications. " The philanthropic movements in wiiicli women have taken part and in most of which they have co-operated witli men, have not only been earnest and benevolent but wise and enlightened, and the condi- tions of important social problems have in many instances been radically changed and bettered by their action. A number of hidividual women, among whose names that of the great reformer Dorothea Dix may be mentioned, liave done valuable and important work in relation to the State care of the insane, the pauper and tlie criminal population, not- ably in the case of the State Charities Aid Association, which in con- junction with men, but founded by a woman, has, since its birth in 1872, made many important legislative reforms. " The Working Girls' Club Association, the Training School for JSTurses, the Kitchen Garden system of education, the Day Nursery, the Consumers' League, were all of them first started in this State by women. " Its age and size, however, have also formed a strong conservative element in the State and kept practically closed many professions and checked many movements which tlie younger and less-fettered Western States have forwarded. For instance, the practice of law by women is practically a dead letter in New York, although the bar is nominally open to women and the legal educational facilities good ; and in all questions concerning the political rights and duties of women New York holds a very conservative position, and as yet has not extended any of the privileges of the franchise (except voting for school boards) to women. The first woman member of the State Board of Charities was appointed in 1877 in New York city. In collegiate, academic and common-schoo! education New York stands next to Massachusetts, and in special professional, technical and industrial education leads the Union Mention has already been made of the special facilities offered to physicians, and the list of valuable technical schools and institutions is a long one. Report of Boaed of Women Managers. 183 "The -^vork in designing by the pupils of the Cooper Union Ait School, the Art Stndent's League and the Academy of Design has been a valuable contribntion to the artistic development of the nation. In presenting the report on the female criminals, the statistics being official, an effort has been made to rank !New York, and it lias been found that she occupies a sad pre-eminence, her total female popu- lation forming one-eleventh of the Union, and her female criminal population one-third. This is partly accounted for by the fact that New York city receives annually a large influx of low foreio-n emigrants. " In presenting the list of gifts and bequests, the tirst recorded gift by a woman was a silver communion service, given by Queen Anne to St. i'eter's Church, Albany, in 1715." This report and accompanying records were printed in pamphlet form and had a limited distribution durmg the exposition. As j\Irs. Palmer had requested that the statistics should be put into such a shape that comparison could be made with those of other countries and States, Miss Koosevelt decided to have those of ISTew York tabulated with all the items clearly shown. Pages of paper tweuty-two by twenty-eight Avere used for the statements and mounted and interspersed alternately with the photographs of the interiors of factories where women were at work. The standard was assigned space in tlie north record I'oom adjoining the library in the Woman's Building, and has since tlie close of the exposition been transferred to the State Library in the Capitol at Albany. Doll Exhibit. The display of fashion plates at the Paris Exposition having sug- gested to Mrs. Halsey the possibility of having a similar exhibit at the Columbian Exposition, she was requested to take charge of the arrangements. Mrs. Dodge proposed adding costumed dolls represent- ing the different periods in American history, and the idea meeting with favor, Mrs. Dodge was asked to take the matter in charge. After much corres]3ondence regarding the fashion plates, Mi-s. Halsey reported that a large exhilut of them was to be sent from Paris so that any she had found it possible to collect would be incomplete and inferior. It was then decided to give up that part of the exhibit. The scheme of the costumed dolls was carried out with great success, sixteen being dressed by New York dressmakers, under the supervisioa of well-known societj' girls. Space in the Woman's Building was first assigned the case containing the dolls on one of the landings leading to the second floor, but it was afterwards removed to a place on the ground floor near the north entrance. Here it attracted much attention, at some parts of the day being surrounded by a crowd of women and children. Since the close of the exposition the dolls have been sold for a sum which nearly equals the amount paid by the State for the exhibit. Committee on Music. It was not until the meeting of the executive committee, held Se]> tember Ti, 1S92. that the subject of a committee on music was discussed. 184 New Toek at the Woeld's CoLijjiBiAif Exposition. It was known that the National hoard had such a committee, and as the State board had endeavored to follow the lines marked out hy the ladj managers, it seemed advisable to establish a committee on music. Before the meeting Mr. Tliacher requested that the women's board should not confine itself to statistics aljont women in music, liut should obtain all the data possible about musical societies and organizations, without regard to the sex of members. Miss Roosevelt was appointed chairman of the committee. She said it would not be possible for her to undertake the work as she was alread}^ chairman of two committees, but she would endeavor to form a sub-committee. Miss Charlotte Arnold, whose love and knowledge of music eminently fitted her for the work, kindlj consented to accept the chairmanship, and, with the consent of the board, formed an advisorv committee of men. Miss Arnold gave her entire time to tlie work as her task demanded. The following interesting extract is made from Miss Arnold's rej^ort : " The attempt of your committee has been to record the work of musical societies and organizations, vocal, instrumental, educational and in churches, giving also tlie names of resident musicians throughout the State, and a chronological list of the performances of opera in New York city, and of distinguished foreign artists, whose ^-isits ha\-e done much to raise our standards and attest our appreciation of the best examples of the art. " Although musical knowledge was very crude and limited in Amer- ica two hundred years ago, the desire for music existed strongly among the Dutch and English settlers on Manhattan Island, and its gratifica- tion and growth were not impeded by puritanical prejudice. The tra- dition of concert gardens goes back to the early days of the settlement, when there was one at Corlear's Hook, whose name was derived from Van Corlear, the principal trumpeter of the fort at New Amsterdam. Castle Clinton was ceded to tlie city, and became Castle Garden in response to the demand for a promenade with music for the use of the public. During tlie seventeenth century choirmasters came from England, singing societies for rendering church music were formed, and in 1690 music was first printed in the colonies. In 1753, William Tuckey, a schoolmaster of New York, tauglit singing to the children of his district. In 1T66 he was paid by the trustees of Trinity for performing the music at the opening of St. Paul's Chapel. He con- ducted the first performance of the overture and sixteen other num- bers of the" Messiah' in Trinity Church, in October, 1770. Oratorio performances were given at St. Paul's and Vauxhall Garden, and orchestras were gradually formed, tliough many instruments were wanting until operatic performances were regularly given. " From these beginnings, imperfectly suggested, have developed the musical conditfons of to-day, which are only partly represented by the accompanying report. " In regard to amateur work, it should perhaps be said the principal societies of the city have been founded by amateurs. Amateur asso- ciations have always existed, and of late years so many have been formed that it is not possible to enumerate them. They are most varied as to numbers and scope of work, continually disbanding and Eepoet of Boaed of Womex Managees. 185 reforming, and generally unknown beyond a small circle. A madrigal dull, a ladies' morning class (vocal), a ladies' orchestra (24 members), ■wJiick existed four or five years during the last decade (these now extinct), a choral club (60 to 90 members), whieli was started 20 years ago, a string quartette (men), which has existed as long, and a music chib (150 members), recently organized, are among the best known. Amateur operas, more often burlesques, are frequently given. " Eleven hundred and sixty churches in the State emj^loy choirs. All th? counties have not been heard from, nor has the information received always Ijeen suthcieutly definite. " It has not been possiljle to oljtain a satisfactory list of musicians. Over 5<}0, however, are reported. Since composition is a part of every student's education, the fact of publishing songs and small pieces does not entitle the writer to be called a composer." Committee o2f the Loan Exhibit of Laces. Fans, 2fiii'udu'res and Antique Enibroideries. In one of the early interviews that Mrs. Palmer had with some of the members of the board she called attention to the fact that many ISTew York ladies pos- sessed rare laces, etc., from which a fine collection ought to be made for exhibition. The executive committee took the matter up and at one of its early meetings appointed Mrs. Corning chairman of a committee to make a collection of laces, fans, miniatures and antique embroideries, the chairman to have the power to choose the meml)er.? of her com- mittee. Mrs. Corning declined, and Miss Love and ]\Lk. Wadsworth, being offered the chairmanship successively, begged to be excused also as they were burdened with other work. The position was accepted by Mrs. Burton X. Harrison, of Xew York, who appointed her own committee. Mrs. Llarrison and her committee began their work vigorously and obtained the assurance from a number of individuals of some fine loans if a guaranty could be had that a lieavy insurance should cover their jjossible loss. The subject of the insurance was a continual thorn in the flesh of those who had charge of the loan exhibit. Mrs. Harrison considered that a policy of not less than ,S.500,000 should be taken out, and when the matter was referred to tlie Board of General Managers Mr. Thacher said that the exposition authorities were resjjousiljle the moment the exhibit entered the exposition grounds, and, therefore, the guaranty must be issued by tliem. Application was at once made to Mrs. Palmer to .secure it. In course of time a promise was given that the collection would be heavily insured, but the request was made that the article* should be itemized as to their value. The difBcnlties in the way of obtaining this minute information was very great. Meanwhile, Mrs. Harrison had resigned her chairmanshij) to go to Europe, Mrs. William Greenough consenting to take her place. There was to be an iusurance taken out by the Board of AVomen Managers on the col- lection during the few days that the articles were being gathered together to be packed and during transportation. The anxiety per- taining to this work Mrs. Greenough felt too great for any one out- side of the board, and although she offered to do everything in her 2-lr 186 IS^EAV YOKK AT THE AVoKLd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. power, she asked, that one of the members of the board shotihl act as the responsible liead. TJie matter again came before the executive committee, and it was decided that Mrs. Sage, as chairman, should assume the direct responsibility, but as there must be others for the active work, Mrs. Wel)b undertook the collection of fans : Mrs. Dodge of embroideries, miniatures, watches and boxes ; Miss ITewbold still held her position as chairman of the original committee of laces. A guaranty was obtained from President Higinbotham of the exposition company to pay $200,000 in case of fire or accident to the collection, it lieing too late for him to obtain a policy from any insurance com- pany for such an amount. The actual value of the collection was after- Avards found to be $93,000, and the responsibility for the amount was transferred from President Higinbotham to the Board of Lady Managers whose committee on insurance succeeded in taking out policies with a number of different companies. At last the collection was transported, to Chicago, where Mrs. Dodge, Miss Newbold and Mr. E. Hamilton Bell and the members of the installation committee devoted themselves to putting it in the showcases jnade for the purpose. The collection occupied the middle portion of the west . gallery of the Woman's Building, and it was removed at the close of the exposition and returned to tlie owners without loss or accident. The sum of $2,500 was set aside November 15, 1892, to cover the first expenses of the loan and colonial exhibits. Later a round sum Avas appropriated for the colonial exhibit and the $2,500 was devoted to the loan, an amount not sufficient to cover all the expenses, but the deficiency was made up as required. Committee on Fine Aets. This committee was one suggested by the Board of General Managers and began its existence at the first meeting of the Board of Women Managers as one of its standing committees. At first there seemed nothing for the women to do, as there was a large committee of artists at work in the State already, but in the course of a few months Mrs. Palmer called upon New York to send twelve pictures to be exhibited in the gallery of honor in the Woman's Building and it was requested that these should be recommended by the committee on fine arts as of superior merit. The art committee set to work at once to carry out this request. ih's. Sage was first appointed chairman but declined as she already had all the A\'ork she could undertake. Mrs. Stranahan was next appointed and declined for the same reason. Finally Mrs. Pell-Clarke consented to fill the place, although feeling herself unfitted for the . position. In November Mrs. Pell-Clarke went south for the winter and Mrs. Llalseyjwas asked to be chairman during her absence. It was while the latter "bccupied the chair that she, with the assistance of Mrs. Stranahan, formed an advisory committee of women artists for the purpose of making the selection of pictures for the Woman's Building. Mrs. Plioda Holmes Nicholls was made chairman of this advisory com- mittee and Miss Annie B. Shepley secretary. The other members were Mrs. Dora Wheeler Keith, Mrs. Marie Guise Newcomb, Miss Maria Brooks, Miss Clara McChesney, Mrs. Kosina Emmet Sherwood, Miss SECTION OF THE EXHIBI I OF APPLIED ARTS. Rkpokt of Board of Womkx Manaoees. 187 Caroline Ilecker ami Mr.s. Ivenyou Cox. The committee found tliat the Ijest worlv by women artists in New York had already been con- tributed to the regular tine art department of the exposition. A col- lection of pictures was made, however, at Budworth & Sons, on Four- teenth street, ISTew York, and the committee acting as jurors selected twelve. These, which in justice to the painters it should be stated wero not up to their highest standards, except, perhaps, in the case of ]\[iss Brooks and the busts of Lincoln and Grant by l\Irs. Sarah F. Ames, were sent to Chicago at the expense of the board. The bust of Mrs. Stowe, and the portrait of Pocahontas were acquired for the library by members of the line art committee, Mrs. Sage securing the fornjer through the sculptor, Miss Annie Whitney, and ]\Irs. Pell- Clarke olitaining the latter from Mrs. Palmer, it having been sent to the exposition from England by Mr. Wellcome. Through some unac- countable ox'ersight the portrait of Pocahontas remained in its box for half the sununer, and it was through Mi's. Pell-Clarke's intervention that its whereabouts were discovered. The chairman had it placed at once in the library. She also imdertook the reshipraent of the picture at the close of the exposition to its owner, Mr. Wellcome. The national committee of New York artists appointed by Mr. Halsey C. Ives disclaimed the cliargc of having been hostile to women artists in making their choice of pictures for the Fine Art Building, but many complaints were forced upon the conmiittee on fine arts of the Board of Women Managers, and there were various requests received to have pictures i-econsidcred. The women did not find it within their power to accede to such requests. Considerable trouble was taken to gather statistics about women artists, and it was learned that several hundred wiimen, natives and residents of the State, were following art as a profession. The subject of the appointment of women jurors in the national advisory committee was brought before the executive com- mittee, and, therefore, appears in tlie report of that committee. Acting upon a suggesrion made by Mrs. Halsey, Mr. Bierstadt was asked to loan his picture of the '' Landing of Columljus " for exhibition in the New York State Building. On granting the request of the women Mr. Bierstadt offered the companion picture, " The Yosemite." Although space for these pictures was promised, much to the regret of the committee the place M'as not found for them. The architects of the building requested that no pictures should hang on the walls, as rich draperies and paper had been especially designed for them. Mr. Bierstadt's pictures recpaired a strong light and peculiar color surround- ings, and although the architects were obliged to yield to the judgment of others before the summer was over, a few pictures finding place in the large rooms on the entrance floor, the committee felt that Mr. Bierstadt's pictures would not have l^een seen to advantage on any of the wall sjjaces available. KxiTTiNt; jMills Exhibit. Mrs. Palmer's appeal to tlie industrial women of the countr}' to take part in the exposition, bniught a letter to her from Miss Ellen Conlon, a worker in one of the knitting mills of Amsterdam. She expressed 188 New Yobk at the "World's CoLniBiAN" Exposition. herself iu enthusiastic terms of appreciation and offered to do wliat she could to interest other factory Avomen iu the women's department. Mrs. Palmer referred the letter to the State board and Mrs. Ives was authorized to follow np the matter. When Miss Conlon was seen, she suo-2;ested that the women iu the knittins- mills should make a united exhibit. She advised that an invitation to take part should be ext-ended to the women in the factories at Amsterdam, Cohoes and Little Falls, and volunteered to bring the matter before the workers in Amsterdam. It was necessary to obtain the co-operation of the manufacturers, and Mrs. Ives visited all three of the towns for this purjjose. The princi- pal millowners promised their aid, and later gave j^ermission to their employees to make special garments for exhibition. A sll0^vcase was provided by the Board of Women Managers, almost the only expense the exhibit occasioned, and about two dozen articles were shown. The display was made in a corner of the room in which the Afro-American showcases were placed. It was the least artistic of all the exhibits, but there was satisfaction to the board in having undertaken it, if for no other reason than that the women represented were exceedingly gratified. Committee o^^ the Ijtstallation and Closing of Exhibits. As the work of the women's board progressed toward the final col- lection of exhibits in Chicago, the fact became apparent that a counnit- tee would be needed to see that articles were properly installed at the beginning, and repacked and sent to their owners at the close of the exposition. At an executive meeting, held on the 15th of March, 1893, Mrs. Wadsworth was proposed as chairuian of an installation com- mittee. She at first declined tiie chairmanship, but finally accepted at the urgent request of the executive committee. The three members of the installation committee were each allowed their expenses for eight weeks iu Chicago, to attend to their duties. Mrs. Wadsworth had the power to send for the members whenever she deemed it expedient, and also to call the chairmen of committees having special exhibits, as they had responsibilities that others could not always assume. Mrs. Wads- worth and the other members of the installation committee met in Chicago soon after the middle of April, and the work was at once sys- tematized as fully as possible ; but all exposition work was behindhand, and it was soon found that even with the most herculean efforts it would be impossible to install the exhibits by the first of May. Many matters of business connected with the work which had heretofore been brought before the executive committee were necessarily decided in Chicago, and for this reason frequent meetings of the iustallation com- mittee were hel4^ Deskroom was given the committee iu the Woman's Building, that being the most convenient place for headquarters, and at the first meeting of the committee Miss Tomes was made secretary. Details connected with the Afro-American exhibit, the sale of the books in the Woman's Building, the assignment of space for a portion of the colonial exhibit in the State building, and the matter of the insurance on the loan collection, all required and recei\'ed the attention of the installation committee. The exhibit of the bureau of applied Repobt of Board of Women Managers. 189 arts, and oi the Decorative Art Society, and some individual exhibits from the State, were installed nnder the personal direction of Miss Tomes. There were delays in the delivery of showcases, and the boxes of exhibits were slow in arriving. It was necessary constantly to coerce the workmen, and the bad weather, with all the other disadvantages, had a most depressing effect npon every one concerned, but althdugh good results were very difficult to obtain for the hard work expended, the board was justly proud when the exhibits were finally placed. Mrs. Wadsworth was not able to leave Chicago until June eighth. She then consigned to Miss Tomes the care of the New York State exhil^its in the '^V'oman's Building. The listing and entering for award of a large nnmber of them which had not previously been entered, and other duties l)esides the correspondence entailed by her work, left Miss Tomes little time for the sale of the " Distaff Series," which was also intrusted to her. Miss Jennyss was, thei-efore, spared from some of her office duties and devoted a portion of each day to the sale of the books after the middle of August. A regular rontine was followed during the summer. The last of August Mrs. Wadsworth went to Chicago, and giving a week to the matter made such arrangements as were possible •at that early date for packing and returning the exhibits at the close of the exposition. Such details as she could not enter into at the time she left in the hands of Miss Tomes. It was by this thoughtful planning of tlie work before the exposition officials were overburdened, tliat the fine record of having every exhibit packed and out of the grounds by Novemljer sixth was made. Mrs. Wadsworth called her connnittee to Chicago October twenty-fourth, and by employing a shipping agent who engaged a team to bring the empty boxes to the Woman's Building early on the morning of November first, and by having the packers to beffin the work at once evervthinii' moved as if bv magi-c. The librai-y furniture •was sent to New York by freight, but the boxes of exhibits were all forwarded by express, it being considered wiser to incur the extra expense rather than drag otit the work. It was neces- sary to have some of the collective exhibits sent to a place of safety in New York and to retain Miss Tomes to make the distribution to the individual owners. Miss Tomes returned to New York November thirteenth, established her business headquarters at Miss Roosevelt's house, by the latter's kind request, and until December sixth gave her time to managing the return of the exhibits and to correspondence with the- exhibitors. The articles themselves had been sent to Bud- woi'th's, which firm had successfully packed them in the spring, and the distribution was made from there. Miss Tomes not having com- pleted her reports and correspondence at the above date, she removed her desk to her home in Washington, where she was occupied until December fifteenth. With the exception of the loss by theft of the gold chain, bi'ooch and ear-rings from the Afro-Ainerican collection (mention of which has been made in the I'eport of Miss Howard's work) and two brass articles from tiie applied arts exhibit, which had never been under the care of the installation committee, having been mislaid by tliose in charge of the preliminary exhiliition in New York city 190 Nkw Yokk at thk World's Columbian Exposition. dni'iiig tlio illness of Mis;? Tomes, the articles were all returned. A blank receipt was issued to each exhibitor, to be signed if received in good order, and it is gratifying to report that the secretary of the installation committee lias received them all duly signed. Considering the fact that there were a dozen State exhibits in the \V Oman's Jjuilding. besides several exhibits in other buildings, and that these consisted of Iniudivds of articles, this is regarded as an admirable record. No appropriation was made for the expenses of the installa- tion committee, as there was no jjossible means of knowing what these wo\ild be. Every effort was made to sell the showcases and other articles that had been paid for by the State and upon which it was hoped there might be a rebate. At the suggestion of Mrs. "Wadsworth, Miss Tomes apjilicd early to dealers in showcases hoping that a satisfactory arrange- ment might be made, but the only bargain possible, excejitiiig in a few instances, where good cases were sold outright, was for the sale of tlie plate glass. At the last the wrecking company Avere appealed to, but the market was so flooded that absolutely no bid Avas obtained for the showcases without glass. The furniture in the State building which the board had paid for was purchased by the members of the board and a fe\v outsiders who were M'illing to pay snu^lI sums for these souvenirs. The articles so bought were removed at the expense of the purchasers. The instfillation committee well considered this plan before they carried it into operation, deciding it was preferable to so dispose of the effects which were of no great value as second-hand wares, rather than have the expense of transporting them to New York State. The exhibits in the Chiidrcn's and (lovernment buildings were in chai'ge of the chairman of those exhibits as they required special super- vision. Mrs. Dodge's effects were nearly all packed liy her matron, Miss Hall, Miss Patterson attending to their removal. The care of having the creche belongings jiacked and removed "was placed by Miss Love in the liands of Miss Patterson, who was to remain in Chicago until the exposition closed. She was made a temporary member of the installation connnittee to beneiit by the exjierienee of the others, but her work was not in any way connected A\-itli theirs, and she was felt to have accomplished a most arduous task when .she announced at the last meeting tliat every article belonging to both exhibits had been returneil. bE^TION OF THE EXHIBIT OF APPLIED ARTS. Repoet of Boaed of Women Managees. 191 EXPENDITUEES. Eebate. Day Kurserv exhibit |2,662 40 Fitcli Creche exhibit 2,139 60 $4,802 00 SI 72 55 Cooking- School exliibit 1.832 39 Autographs exhibit 322 94 Triiiied ]!\urses exhibit 700 17 17 00 Knitting Mills exhibit 184 82 15 00 Decoration of the library 5.448 57 916 00 Statistics exhibit 1 (J52 31 Manufactures and Industries exhibit 515 23 Applied Arts exhibit 3,59109 38 09 Literary exhibit 2,906 28 Afro- American exhibit 574 93 Loan exhibit 3,629 17 40 25 Colonial exhibit 4,611 31 .55 14 Kitchen Garden exhibit 2,402 01 5 00 Doll exhibit 365 53 305 00 Educational exhibit 328 52 47 50 Fine Arts exhibit 261 15 New York local committee expenses 1 ,398 29 New York State Building exhibit 2,227 71 Installation and closing 3,483 09 Salaries, traveling expenses and sundries (to be augmented). Report (to be augmented) Children's building appropriation B)' Mrs. Corning 11,. 587 55 34 50 2,000 00 595 33 35 00 $54,854 56 §2, ,241 85 CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN THE WOMAN'S BUILDING. PAIXTI?fGS AND SCULPTURE. A'Becket, iliss ilarie, Xew York.— Tlie Storm. Coman, Mrs. C. B. AVaturville.— Thistle- down. Brooks, MlssMariii, New York. — Down Piccadilly. Emmet, Miss Lydia, Kew York. — Por- trait study, a Pastel. Haynes, C. Coventry, Kew York. — Portrait. Hart, Miss Letitia B., New York. — A New Book. Keith. Mrs. Dora "Wheeler, New York. — Daphne's Nymphs. Nicholls, J[rs. Ehoda Holmes, New York. — A Ycuetian Courtyard. Scott, Mrs. E. 31. New York.— Cherries. Sheple_y, Miss Annie B., New York. — Work and Play. Stone, Ellen ,J., New Y'ork. — Portrait. Vanderpool, JMrs. Emily K., Ne-\\- York, — Spirit of the XIX Century. Ames. Mrs. Sarah F., New York. — Busts of Lincoln and Grant. APPLIED ARTS EXHIBIT. Armstrong, Helen i\I. — Sketch for decoratiye panel ; cartoon for decorative panel,: thirteen reproductions of calendar designs; cartoon "The Aunuuciatiou " for stained glass; two cards of illustra- tions; one stained glass window, subject St. Paul; one sketch and cartoon for same; one glass panel. Armstrong, Margaret M. — Thirteen cards of book covers : six designs for book covers , two cards of initial letiers. Aspinwall, Miss 31. A. — Six designs for wall pajier and silks. Aspinwall, Jliss Eliza. — Six designs for wall paper and silks. Atwater, Edith. — Design for silver vase. Baxter, Miss Snra. — Silver decoration " Order of Columbus." Bessey, Jliss 3L--D. — Photograph of badge of national board of lady managers: IJhotograph of badge of New York State board of women managers. Blashtield, 3Irs. E. W.— Narcissus de- sign for mirror. Carter, j\Irs. Esther. — Flemish lace curtain (white); 3Iarie Antoinette sash curtain ; Marie Antoinette bow knots (wreaths) ; 3Iarie Antoinette basket design; Renaissance lace on net, sash curtain; Re- naissance lace door curtain (white); Yene- tian lace tea cloth; Yenetian lace doilies, two; Flemish lace doil}'; Venetian trim- mings for scarf. Century Co. — "The Journey" by Lam-a C. Hills ; ■ ■ House Cleaning " by Mary Hallock Foote ; "The Butterfly Hunter" by L. C. Hills; "The May Song" by L. C. Hills; "Up Spake the Eltin Cjueen" by Albertine R. "Wheelan; "The Boy's Cartoon " by Alice Barber Stephens; "Kittens at School" by Albertine R. Wheelan; "Little Knitter" by 3Iaria O. Noble; "Aunt Tabitha " by Maria O. Noble; ' • Old Lady of Antwerp " by Ma- ria O. Noble; "Bringing Water from the Spring" b}' Rose 31. Sprague; "Archi- bald Stone's Jlistake " by Rose M. Sprague; " Cherries are so Unwholesome" by Rose 31. Sprague; "Ali Top was Proud " by Albertine R. Wheelau: " Chief Bread Baker to the King " by Valentine Adams; " Going to the Fair" by Jessie 3[cDermott Walcott; " L'nder the Won- derful Blue Sk}' " by Jessie 3IcDermott Walcott; "The Letter of Resignation" by 31. II. Foote; " 3Iaking the Patch- work" by 31. H. Foote; " ' Eat Your Sup- per,' said the Nurse " by 31. H. Foote; " Bertha's Debut " bj' Rose ^I. Sprague; "Ali Top's Heart Grew Sad" by A. R. Wheelan; "I'll Simply Wheel 3Ivself Around" by A. R. 3Vheelan; "The Idol" by A. R. ■\YheeIan- "Will 0' the Wisp" by A. R. 3Vheelan; " Greek Herd-boy" by A. R. Wheelan. Cox, 3Irs. Kenyon. — Suggestion for transom; suggestion for reredos; sugges- tion for stained glass. Crownlield, S. L.^ Design for wall paper (wild azaleas). Curtis, 31ay L. — China pitcher for lem- onade. (Study of lemons and blossoms.) Colgate. — Three fans, painted. Day, 3Irs. Henry.— Table cloth, Per- sian design, j-ellow; table cloth, Oriental design, yellow. Downer, 3Irs. Frederick. — Hand-made lace scarf, long and fine. Downer, 31iss Sophie W. — Linen table cloth spun in 18fl2, with specimen of flax used. Drivdahl, 3Iiss 3Iarie. — Gold embroi- dered white satin cushion. Dwight, 3Iiss 3Iinnie. — China, eleven pieces. .-^ SECTION OF THE EXHIBIT OF APPLIED ARTS. Kepoet of Board of Women Managees. 193 Eggleston, Allegra. — Study from Span- ish girl; poitrait sketch of mnn with man- dolin; t\vo portrait ski-tches, laughing children; portrait of Wasliington; por"- trait of Martha Custis; Columbus 'louse in Genoa; proof of above; streets in which Columbus lived; proof of above; figure illustration from life of Columbus; proof of above. Emerson, Mrs. S. H. — Normandy cop- per jug; brass jar with cover. Emmet, Lydia F. — Ten pictures, illus- trations, etc. ; design for seal New York board of women managers; two uuframed deagns. r'r3'. — China jardiniere and tray and six plates. Ferguson, E. Adele. — Two gold hairpin designs; two gold watch case designs; three silver opera glass holder designs; "two silver six-inch handle designs for paper cutters. Foote, Catherine. — Embroidered "Mer- maid." Frost, Helen. — Rose and chrysanthe- mum center piece, embroidered in white. Geeson. Jeau B. — Carved portfolio. Garborino, Clotilde. — Fish platter and ^iwelve pl.-ites: six game ijlates. Gilchrist, Mrs. George. — Dinner set (six- teen pieces), embroidered (made for Mme. Patti). Gibson, S. Meta. — Table cover ; por- 'tiere ; chair seat and back; tea cloth. Hall, Miss Frances P. — Tray dandelions; "tray daisies; pitcher, blue underglaze; rose jar with cover; bonbonniere with cover. Hampton, Mrs. Henry — Linen center piece, hone_ysuckles; linen center piece, fleur-de-lis; linen center piece, yellow Toses. Hasbrouck, Mary K. — Specimens of stamped leather. Hogau, Kate. — Piece braid lace, four Inches wide; piece braid lace, seven inches wide. Howell, C. E.— Wall paper. Huntingtin, Metelill. — Hammered brass mirroi frame. Huger^ Jliss K. M. — One water color "Autumn"; design for fireplace; panel •designs for cupids; fan design cupids; two water colors of tulips. Humphrey, Maud. — Design for wall paper and frieze. Higginson, Mrs. Geo. — Embroidered -altar piece "When Morning Stars Sang Together." Holdsworth, Mrs. Jane — One table •cover; two center pieces. Jo_yce, Lillian V. — Two frames of de- signs for watch cases, match boxes, €tc. Keith. Dora Wheeler. — Design for ceil- ing; four illustrations, framed. 25 Lamb, Mrs. Ella Condie. — Design for Christmas cover Harper's Young People; design for cover "Childhood;" design for fire place, Jlosaic Hospitality; design for decorative panel, history; design for Te Detim window; design for window. Madonna r.nd angels; cartoon for window, Madonna and angels; cartoon for Baker Memorial. Lamb. J. and R. — Frame with ecclesias- tical embroidery (embroidered by Mary D. Stephens and Aimee Lee Hudson); frame embroidered angel by !Mary D. Stephens. Marshall, Miss Lilly. — Eighteen pieces of brass work. Jlonachesi. !Mme. Nicola R. — Plate, conventional design; bonbon dish Avith cover conventional design, green. Morse, Miss Alice. — Four card book covers. Harper Bros.; two card hook covers, Scribner's; four card book covers, G. P. Putnam's Sons; book cover. Century Co. Nicholls, Rhoda Holmes, — Eight illus- trations, bathers, Venetian boats, rocks East Gloucester, girl sewing, study in sunUght, luending nets, Venetian water gate; water color "On the Beach"; piece of hand-made point lace. Osgood, Mrs. Worth. — Large vase with handle; standard for above. Peters, Mrs. Mary Austin. — Shore piece embroidered on satin; landscape em- broidered on satin. Petit, Julie. — Quilt and shams. Prescott, Katherine. — Ideal Italic, Faust and Marguerite. Preston, Jlrs. R. W. — Crochet counter- pane (brown thread); pillow covers. Parrish, Grace. — One brass frame. P_yle, Katherine. — Illustration " Not an Apple Left; " three pages " Clever Peter." Raymond, E. Launitz. — Twelve fish plates, raised gold work; case for above; box and cover, violet design; plate, pansy design; leaf plate; dish, forget-me-nots; biscuit jar, pansy design, with top. Pell-Clarke, Mrs. Leslie. — Altar piece; "When Morning Stars Sang Together." Redmond. Fried.a V. — Decorated panel, roses; samples of printed silks. Ryerson, Miss N. C. — Tapestry " Sum- mer; " tapestry, Florentine; tapestry, two knights tilting; tapestr3^ portiere, seven- teenth century; tapestry, portiere, six- teenth century. Satterlee, Miss Florence. — Copy of Fra Angelico's Angels, embroidered picture. Schroeder, Miss Emma. — Lace doily. Scott, Mrs. E. M. — Reproduction of roses; reproduction of petunias; original water-color, pinks; original water-color, luorning glories. Shekion, M. A. — One card; seven book covers. 194 Nkw Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. Sherwood, Rosina Emmet. — Sixteen frames, water colors, pastels, etc., repro- ductions, illustrations, etc. Sprague, JMrs. Harriet E. — Tete-a-tete, Dresden china; traj'; sugar bowl; cream pitcher; tea]:)ot; four cups and four saucers. Stimers, Miss Julia. — One frame, speci- mens of lithography. Stephens, Alice Barber. — "Michael Angelo," black and white; " In the Meet- ing House." T. M.C. — Two landscapes, embroidered. Tieman, Miss Elsie C. — Carved stand for flower-pots. Tillinghast. — One design for glass window. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. — Por- tiere, silk velours; study, "magnolias;" study, "snowballs;" study, "water lil- lies; " study, "grapes; " three cartoons for glass; two cartoons adoring angels; twenty sketches for glass windows; three sketches by Agnes Northrup; seven sketches by Grace deLuze; seven sketches by Mrs. J. B. Weston; one sketch by Mary E. Mc- Dowell; one sketch by Lydia F. Emmet; one sketch by Mrs. W. P. Parish; three stations of the cross; two heads designed by L. F. Emmet; three glass lights mag- nolias, grapes and chrysanthemums; one glass light, women's glass cutting (thirty nine pieces in all). Troj' Women's Exchange. — Three squares, Mexican drawn work; twelve doihes. Upham, Miss. — Carved bellows. Vanderpoel, Mrs. E. N. — Carved box. Van Kuyck, Miss Pauline. — Photo- graph frame, repousse work. Van Rensselaer, Mrs. J. K. — Book cover. Girl's Life, eighty years old. Walker, Miss M.— Illustrations old English rhyme. Wells, Miss Annie. — Embroidered pic- ture Mater Dolorosa (property of St. An- drew's church). Wilmarth, C. B. — Lemonade pitcher and tra3^ Stokes, Caroline Phelps. — Two etch- ings; two pieces lace. GilHland. — Nine frames (two illustra- tions). Milhau, Zella. — One card (tAvo illustra- tions). Ferguson. — Six illustrations (one frame). Walker, .1. A. — '^.wo unframed water colors. COLONIAL LOAN EXHIBIT. Most of these exhibits were insUdled in the Government Building; the remainder in the New York St.ite Building. License of Peter Hawes to practice law from Mayor Varick. Lent by Gilbert R. Hawes. Cane used by Wasliington. Lent by Miss Jane Mead Welch. Miniature of Robert Seton, an old New York merchant; snufi box of Robert Se- ton; seal of Robert Seton. Lent by Mon- signor Seton. 'Table cloth. Lent by Howland Pell. Silver tankard; silver sugar bowl; plate; pair of buckles; silver tankard; book; pair of buckles. Lent by Augustus Van Cortlandt. Fish knife used by George Washington; needle-book made by Mrs. Washington; ledger used b.y Laurence Washington in sctliing Washington's estate. Lent by J. P. Bradley. Engraved powder horn used , during Revolution. Lent by Mr. G. W. Van Sicleu. Sampler; five teaspoons. Lent by Mrs. J. L. Barney. Soldier's discharge, signed by AVashing- ton; negro bill of .sale. Lent by Dr. Al- bert Leflingwell. Snuff box used by Washington. Lent by Hon. Roger A. Pi-yoi-. Miniatui'e of Hamilton, by Peale. Lent by C. W. Bowen. Miniature of Col. Duer. Lent by Mrs. J. G, K. Duer. Souvenir handkerchief. Lent by Mrs. I. M. Cooke, Sniitf box made from wood of prison ship "Jersey." Lent by Mrs. Douglas Robinson. Portrait of Gov. George (Clinton, by Ames Lent by Alex. M. White. Colonial embroidery. Lent by Miss S. C. Hewitt. Pair of brown jean stays. Lent by Mrs. Magonigle. Silver cake basket belonging to Gen. Schuyler. Lent by Miss Georgiana Schuyler. New York almanack, 1770; colonial doll; freedom suit ; piece of wedding dress; boxwood ruler. Lent bj' Mrs. G. H. Van Wagner. Directory of 1786. Lent by T. J. Hal- lowell. Pass signed bj' Washington; general order of Washington. Lent by Mr. An- drew Kraus. Plan of New York in 172S. Lent by Mrs. C!. A Post. Miniature of Surgeon-Gen. Burnet. Lent by Jlrs. John Shaw. Coffee pot owned by President Monroe; milk pitcher owned by President Monroe; miniature of President Monroe. Lent by Mrs. Gouverneur. Pair of traveling pistols used by Gov. Morris. Lent by Mrs. Gouverneur Morris. Silver basket, in use since 1740; chair; silver salver. Lent by Mrs. A. Verplanck Clapp. Eepoet of Board of "Women Managers. 195 Old Dutch Silver buaker of 1683. Lent by ilrs. J. L. Sanders. jliniature of Gov. and Jlrs. Clinton; pewter plate from Franklin House. Lent by Mr. De Witt Clinton Jones. AVashington's complete camp service of pewter. Lent by Hon. A. S. Hewitt. Silver teapot; silver sugar liowl; silver piicher; belonged to Gen. Horatio Gates. Lent by Mrs. T. Newbold. View of New York harbor in IToO. Lent by Rev. C. F. Hoffman, D. D. Colonial silver ladle; colonial coin; pewter plate belonged to Washington. Lent by A. W. Drake. "Brass warming pan. Lent by Mrs. T. J. Thompson. Gold watch, given by Chief Justice Ja.y to Miss Livingston. Lent hy Mrs. W. A. Walker. Silver bowl with wooden handles, property of Gen. Schuyler; seal of Gen. Schuyler; seal of Gen. Hamilton; bill for fishing tackle, Gen. Schuyler's; camp service of Gen. Schuyler. Lent by Philiji Schuyler. Bayard punch bowl; old Flemish lace; three silver medals, Holland (commemor- ating American independence); Bayard deed of property, 1656. Lent by Gen. James Grant Wilson. Abigail Adams' dress and sta}'s. Lent by Mrs. J. J. Monell. Silver chocolate pot; pair of green glass spectacles. Lent by Gerrit Yates Lansing, Albany. ' ■ Independence " pitcher. Lent by Mrs. Crissey. Portrait of Chancellor Livingston. Lent by Jlrs. Alfred Nelson. ■'CUnton vases," presented to Gov. Clinton at the opening of the Erie canal; colonial doll; child's bureau. Lent by Mrs. .Janvier Le Due. Blue i^lates, colonial scenes; pitcher " Independence; " pin cushion of piece of ilrs. Washington's wedding dress; Holland sledge; rum demijohn; old view of Albany. Lent by Jlrs. .1. V. L. Pruyn. Silver tankard of Myer Myers, old New Y'ork goldsmith; Paul Revere brazier. Lent by Mrs. D. P. Appleton. Order and diploma of the Cincinnati — the onl}' ones shown — belonging to the Rev. Dr. Linn, chaplain of the first Con- gress. Lent Ijy Mrs. Dean Sage. MSS. sermon, 1728. Lent by Mrs. George Douglas Miller. Embroideri.'d wai.^teoat (embroidered by Marie Antoinette and Madame Campany, an 1 presented to citizen Genet); French mini itures belonging to Mrs. G. C. Genet. Lent b}' Mrs, Genet. Pitch pipe owned by Col. Chester, pink brocade christening blanket of the Chester family. Lent by Miss .Julia Chester Wells. Long rosewood frame mirror; large rosewood hall clock; large painting (De- borah Glen); large spinning wheel; spinnet j)iano (made b}^ Aster); large wooden clock; flax spinner; chair; painting, "Burning of Schenectady by the Indi- ans." Lent by Mrs. Sanders, Schcnec- lad}', N. Y. Chair. Lent by jNIrs. Sanders, Albanj', N. Y. Six chairs; worlc table. Lent by Mrs. Ten Eyck. Fire buckets; plates; tea pot. Lent Ijy Mr. Lansing. Old Van Rensselaer bronze cannon; three pieces of historic wampum made by New York Indians; gilded dove from first Dutch church of New L'trecht, I^ong Island; stone cannon used in the battle of Long Island. Lent by Mr. William Bay- ard Van Rensselaer. Holland Dutch Bible, 256 years old, used as pulpit bible in Reformed Dntch church of Flatbush, from 1660 until 1792. (Full description on inside cover of book.) Lent by Peter J. Neefus, Flatbush, Long Island. Roof tile from Nirasius de Sille house built New Utrecht, N. Y., 1657. In tliis house Gen. Nath'l Woodhull died in 1776. Lent by Mrs. Townsend Van Pelt, Van Pelt Manor, N. Y. Dove made of wood gilded, used as decoration on sounding board of New Utrecht church, N. Y., in 1700. Lent by J. Nostrand. New Utrecht, N. Y. Silver cup, being part of first com- munion service used in Reformed Dutch church of Amersfoot, now Fiatliuds, Kings County N. Y., etched with fi;cures of Faith, Hope and Charity. Lent by Timothy I. Hubbard, Flatlands, N. Y. Sword won bj- Gen. Stillman in first naval engagement of War of tlie Revolu- tion. Lent bv Mrs. Wm. Aug. White, Brooklyn, N. "Y. Book " Young Man's Best Companion," printed by Benj. Franklin, 1748. Lent 1)V Dr. L. A. AUeman, Brooklvn, N. Y. Silver tea set, tlu'ce pieces and cover for sugar bowl. 200 years old, original owner Elizabeth Lupton; white mull hand-embroidered cipe, 125 j-ears old. Jjcnt by Mrs. Alfred Becar, Brooklyn, N. Y. Picture of first church erected at New Utrecht, 1700, used as hospital during Revolutionary War (water color); plate of canton blue, one of a dinner set used by Nicholas Borvenhoven, first judge of Kings Coimty, during a visit of Gen. Geo. Washington, prior to 1793. Lent by Mrs. .John F. Berry, Bensouhur.st, N. Y. 196 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Patch box, ivory and gold, 150 years old. Lent by Miss H. H. White, Brook- lyn, N. Y. Gold enamel snuff box, time of Louis XV. Lent by Miss Benson, Brooklyn, N. Y. Green calach bonnet. Lent by Mrs. Niles Poulsou, Bay Ridge, N. Y. Pair of wool carders; pewter tureen, 1740. Lent by Mrs. Isaac Howland, Brooklyn, N. Y. Old s:nnpler made by Mary Corastock, early 1800. Lent by Mrs. Edmund Terry, Brooklyn. N. Y. Silver knee buckles worn by Nat'l Davis, Roxbury, Mass., 1787. Lent by Geo. Davis Terry, Brooklyn, N. Y. Old ivory carved powder born etched with map of New York, colonial settle- ments and English coat of arms. Lent by Mrs. Otto Heinigke, Bay Ridge, N. Y. Pan used in 1783; Dutch poem, manu- script, written by CorneUa Krosen, 17o7; fine linen drawn work made in England: white lace veil worn in 1790. Lent bv Miss L. G. Zabriskie, Flatbush, N. Y. Old Dutch testament and book of psalms; Am.sterdam, 1734, silver clasps (books of this kind were ustd by the colonial women and carried by them to church, hung by chains from their waists); bead bag, design of sheep, stream and castle ; sampler, 1791; New Y''ork paper currency, 1775. Lent by Mrs. R.^ L. Van Kleeck, Gravesend, N. Y. Cannon ball from battle of Long Island; foot stone, used by Elizabeth Durrea Backulow, 1760; New Y'ork Colonial cuireucy, ten dollars and five dollar bill signed by Livingston and Tucker; muster list of a company commande<.l by Capt. Lester, 1780, at Lloyd's Neck; permission for market craft proclamation bj' Gov. Howe, 1780; Lafa3'ette's recommendation for a colored body servant, 1784; copper warming pan, 1790; block of oak made from beam in old Middle Dutch church, 1736. Lent by Mrs. S. B. Duryea, Brook- lyn, N. Y. Fireplace tile from Bergen homestead, Brooklyn, N. Y., taken from house built in 1660; snuff box, ivoiy, lined with tor- toise shell, with gold enamel decorations, colonial. Lent by Mrs. Tuenis G. Ber- gen, Brooklyn, N. Y'. Silver traj', 1770, engraved by Smart of Boston. Lent bj' Iil£S. Gordon L. Ford, Brooklyn, N. Y." "^ Three pewter pitchers and mugs; one foot warmer (carved wood); one tile from Staats house; one patroon's certificate, 1659 (framed); one pair hinged spectacles (tortoise shell rims); one iron case con- taining scissors, etc.; one pair of old Dutch scissors; one tobacco or snuff box (brass); one lamp for heating crimping irons (brass); one receptacle for hot water (.brass with wooden handle inside); one- certificate of citizenship by mayor of Albanj', 1766 (framed); one I'cceiDt of William Van Rensselaer, 1694 (framed); one oil painting. Fort Orange market (gilt frame); eleven engravings and etch- ings of old Albanjf; two pieces of colonial currency (on card); old Dutch bench (with, sheep and goats picture); one fragment of sermon and MSS., 1733; one silver tank- ard (Douw family). Lent by Geo. Doug- las Miller, Albany, N. Y. Colonial pictures ; tAventy-two brass and pewter articles. Lent bj' Miss Stokes. Chair. Lent by Charles Visscher Winne. Worsted satchel. Lent by Mrs. A. Vandcr Veer. Shoe made for Aaron Field. Lent by Mrs. L. C. Field. Picture "General Orders." Lent by Kilian Van Rensselaer. Crane. Lent by J. W. Thomas. Piece lace goods. Lent by Mrs. Alfred Secor. AFRO-AMERICAN EXHIBIT. Books Written by Colored Women of New York State. "Aunt Lindy." Mrs. W. E. Matthews. Illustrated by Miss M. L. Payue. "Sonnets." Miss H. Cordelia Ray. "Biography of Rev. Charles B. Ray."' Misses F. T. and H. H. Ray. Typewritten poems, " Tones and Under- tones." Miss M. R. Lj'ous. Handwork. Specimens of typewriting. Mrs. Chase, Miss Freeman, Miss Van Buren. Book Binding. "Plush autograph album." Miss C. Post. Sand 3fade Laces. Four samples crocheted lace. Miss Susan G. Weeks. Two samples crocheted lace. Mss Daisy Craig. One sample crocheted lace. Mrs. Lowry. One sample crocheted lace (silk). Miss C. Post. Two samples hair pin lace. Miss Flor- ence Spencer. One handkerchief (Duchess point). Mrs. Ferguson. Loaned by Mi-s. Carmand. One handkerchief (Honiton). Mrs. Laura Williams. Two scarf ends (Duchess point). Loaned by Miss J. I. Howard. Two crocheted neckties. Mrs. Garnet. One crocheted quilt. Mrs. A. W. Plato. SECTION OF THE EXHIBIT OF THE ASSOCIATED ARTISTS Report ot Boast> of Womex Managees. 197 Worsted Wui-k. One shoulder cape; one child's sack; one cloud (worsted and net). Miss C. Post. Dritwn ^Y»rk. One towel. Miss Florence Lewis. Three doilies. Mrs. C'lni-a Foote, Out handkerchief, iliss. A. Bailey. Two doilies. Miss Inez Treadwell. H.\ND P.uxTED Articles. One white .satin pin cushiiin. Miss Ellen Ford. One fan bag; one sachet bag. Miss Ella Spencer. Snfn Pillows. One red plush. Miss W. Hemsley. One black and yellow satin. Mrs. M. Moore. Baiiiicrii. One white satin (holly berries). Miss Nellie Ford. One crepe de chene (wild roses). Jliss E. Spencer. Phicqiiefi. One porcelain (pink.s); one iiorcelain (lilacs). Mi.ss E. Spencer. One china (wisteria). Mrs. A. Bicknell. Two bottles (wild roses, daisies). Miss H E Johnson. One tile (umbrella stand). Miss A, G. Little. Embkoideky. One towel (outUned). Mrs. A. Craig. One tray cover (violets). Mrs. G. Dennis. Two doilies. Mrs. Alinda Spencer. Two toilet stand mats. Mrs. Ferguson. Loaned by Miss J. L Howard. One five o clock tea table cover (maiden hair fern). Mrs. C. Foote. Ecclesiastical Embroidery Loaned by St. Philip's P. E. Ciiurcu, N. Y. City. One red brocaded silk super frontal ; one red brocaded silk chalice veil ; one red brocaded siik pulpit hanging ; one red brocaded silk burse (silk); one white bro- caded .silk chalice veil: one white brocaded silk burse. Embroidered bv the Altar Society of St Philip's P. E. Church. One white .satin pulpit hanging. Mrs. J. F. Thomas. Miscellaneous. One infant's dress. Miss Mary Mayo. One corn silk fan. Mrs. Morri.son — loaned by Mrs. Poindexter. One red .silk piano lamp shade, ilrs. D. Washington. One purple and white lamp shade, pa- per. Jliss Edith Ross One gilded macrame basket. Mrs. Fei'- guson. One tidy (ribbon and rings). Mrs. M. Moore. Two pastry forks. (The only pastry fork known at the Patent Office.) In- vented by Mrs. A. Mangin. Pictures. The Wood Gatherer (water color) ; A Summer Day (water color) ; Crossing the River (water color) ; ilarine Viev.' ; Pond Lilies ; Arbutus ; Tea Roses in Jar ; Cle- matis (on glass) ; Tulips (on chamois) ; Dog Wood (on satin). Miss Ella Spencer. Crayon portrait (Dr. J. Marion Simms). Mrs. L. E. Bargvet. The Stag (crayon); Horses at the Trough (crayon). Miss Ellen Nowell Ford. Landscape; A Marine View. Miss Alice G. Little. A Snow Storm ; The Stream ; The Rap- ids : Portrait (Mr. Kobert Purvis). Miss Bertha L.uttimore. Photographic Work ; Pictures, photo- graphed and retouched. Mrs. Clara S. Brown. Etruscan Work (transferring). Miss H. E. Johnson. Collection of Antiquities. Two china cups and covers ; three china cups and saucers ; three plates (china), (brought from Paris before 1800) ; one" china vase (1800); two brass hand screen stands (1820) ; one shawl, worn by Miss Margaret G. Gardner, in BostI. S. Somerset, wrecked off Cape Cod November 3, 18T8. Loaned by Mrs. D. Washington. Silver cup presented to Mrs. Catherine Robinson in 18o2. She was .a professional nurse in the New York City Hospital. Loaned by Jliss J. L How.ird. Antique water cooler. Loaned by ilrs. H. Poindexter. 198 New Yokk at tjik W<_)klu''s Columbian Exposition. NEW YOEK LOAN EXHIBITION OF EMBKOIDEEIES, MIN- IATURES, WATCHES, SNUFFBOXES, FANS AND LACES. COLLECTION OF EMBROIDERIES. Rustic socne, from the Sau Duiiato col- Ic'ctiou; large door friimu embroidery, Italian. Lent by Mr.s. A. 8. Hewitt, New Yorlv. Altar front, Louis XIII; altar front, Spani.sli, Loui.s XIV: white scarf; old table cover, Italian, Louis XIV; French embroidery, Louis XIV; altar cloth, line French jioint, Ijouis XV; table cloth, Louis XVI; altar cloth on cream ground. Old French, Louis XV. Lent by Mr. James A. G.irland, New York. Oriental embroidery, Salonika. Lent by Mrs. F. R. Jones, New York. Italian, Kith century; Italian, Kith cen- tury; three figures in frame, French, 17th century; arms of Castile and Leon, 16th century; knight with shield and spear, Portuguese, Kith century; church piece (three ang.ls), Italian, l.'ith century; chasuble, live full length and two half length figures, frum ,Sl. Donato collection; dalniati(|ue (one-half) square of gokl em- broidery with four shells in corners, Spanish, 10th century. Lent by Mrs. David L. Finstein, New York. Altarfront, Italian, ITthor 18th century; embroidery on moire edged with silver laec and nilt. Lent by Mr. Robert Hoe, New York. Persian shawl. Lent b}^ j\Irs. Henry G. Marcjuand, New York. Flight into Egypt, Old Frencli; Holy Family; St. Jerome, Florentine; St. Franeoise; Holy Family in appli(iue, Renaissance; St. John, Italian; Jloses and jMiriam, Italian; St. Eli/.abetli; The An- nuni'ialion; St. 15artholomew. Lent by Mrs. Uicliard M. Hunt, New York. Altar front, Italian, ITth century. Lent by Miss Chauler, New York. Royal arms of Spain, 17th century; three pieces of embroidery for a cope, Belgian, Kith centiuy; chair sent, design, crown and initial of N.ipoleou 1, embroi- dered by the Emin-ess, Jiarie Lcuuse. Lent by Mrs. J. V. L. Pruyn, Albany. Altai- front, Liniogea late 1 7th century. Lent liy Mrs. A. Cass Canfield, New York. Cope, probably Italian, 17th century; priest's vestment, probably Italian, 17th century. Lent by AUard & Co., New York, Chasuble, late ISth century. Lent by Mr. F. Hopkin.sou Smith, New York. Genoese embroidery (early ICtli cen tury), restored by Miss Seward. Lent by Miss Olive Risley Seward. Gilt embroidery with jewels, on crim- son satin, 17th century. Lent by Miss. Cooper, New York. Piece for skirt of dress, on white silk. Lent by Mrs. Eben AVright, New York. Old Spanish. 18th cenlviry. Lent by Mrs. A. M. Dodge, New York. Church piece, angels in adoration; churcli ]iiece, Adam and Eve. Lent by Sisters of St. Mary, New York. COLLECTION OF illNIATURES, WATCHES, SNUFFBOXES, FANS, ETC. Portr^ut of Charles II; portrait of Martha. Washington at sixteen years of age. Lent by JMrs. Westervelt, New York. Snntt'box, head of Charles II carved in oak; vratch, gold repousse. Lent by Mrs. Douglas Robinson, New York. Portrait of a lady; portrait of a lady; box, with miniature and turquoises. Lent by Mrs. Edwanl Adams, New York. Portrait of gentleman, 1830, gold and pearl frame; [lorlrait of L.a Comtesse De La Roehefontjiine, antique frame; por trait of lady; portrait of lady, blue head dress; portrait of lady, white gown; por trait of a lady, by Chapon, 1830. Lent by Mrs. D. L. Einstein, New York. Portrait of a lady, by James Holmes; portrait of a huly, by Brunet; portrait of a lady, by John Smart. Lent by Mrs. Morris K. Jesup, New York. Portrait of Alexis Eustaphieve; portrait of a lady, time, Marie Antoinette; portrait of gentleman, on porcelain; portrait of Ijouis Philipiie, on porcelain. Lent by Miss Eustaphieve, Buffalo. Box, tortoise sliell, ivory medallion on lid; box, with portraits on lid; snuffbox, enann'l; fan, c;irved sticks, gold decora- tion, Louis XVI. Lent by Mrs. Jesse Sehgman, New York. Portrait of the Duchess of Castlemaine; etui, gold, inlaid; fan, Spanish, mourning, old. Lent by Mrs. A. M. Dodge, New York. Portrait of Lady Mary Wilbraham, Countess of Bedford, Lent by Black, Starr & Frost, New York. Watch, .silver repousse, enamel face; watch, gold, enamel back, tombstone; E.EPOET OF BoAED OF WoMEN MaNAGEES. 199' fan, French. Lent by Mrs. F. HoiDkiu- sou Smith, New York. Piirtrail of Fitz Greene Halleck bj' Na- thauiel Hoo'crs; portrait of Hugh Walsh. Lent by ^Irs. W. L Andrews, ^ew York. Snuffbox, onyx, raised fruits in pre- cious stones; box, enameled on gold, subject on lid: "Going to the Chase," ■\vatch, blue enamel baeU, ■•Cliildren at Play." Louis XVl watili. enamel out- side and inside of ease. Louis XIV; por- trait of OUver Cromwell; porlrait of Frances Dayrell, by Zincke; portrait of Trevor Hill, Esq., by Hillsborough; por- trait of gentleman, unknown; portrait of J3oswell, by Zincke; portrait of Eu- gene Beauharnais, b_v A. Carteret; watch, small, enamel back. Haunt Freres, ITth century; watch, jewelled back, Julien Le Koy. Louis XV; snuffbox, mosaic of stones from Saxon}', miniature on lid, snufl'box, gold chasing all over; snuffbox, enamel, Greek scenes; mosaic box. with musical instruments; snuffbox, enamel on lid, by Zincke; bonbon box, round, "Wedgewood on lid; jjorlrait of Prince Regent, bj- Keurj- Bone; portrait of Charles L by Sir John Rose; portrait of Henrietta Jlariti. Lent by Mr. E. J. Berwiud, Xew York. Portrait of Duchess Du Beriy; snuff box, Louis Xn'. snuffbox, empire: cor- onation box. snuffbox. Louis XIV; snuff box. Directoire. portrait of ladj'. by En gelhardt. Lent bj' Mr. John E. Par.sous. New York. Portrait, La Marquise do Pompadour, bj' Vastier, fan. very old. shell sticks, fan, ivorv sticks. Louis XVI. Lent by Mrs. F. R. Halsey. New York. Jerrol watch, enameled, with Rhine stones; Bourquin watch, enameled scene, tombstone; watch, four dials on face, watch, enamel (Xapres! Le Roy watch, oc tagon enaniei , bracelet. Ca.ifornia nuggets Lent by Jlr \V H Aspinwall. New Votk Portrait of Malliws NicoU, o! Slratlord, Connecticut. Lent by Mrs Prescott Hail Builer. New Y'ork. Box tortoise shell, set in gold: etui, brass repousse, fan, shell sticks, carved and gill. .Louis XVI. Ian. carved ivory. Directoire. Cliiuese Jigures. Lent by Mrs. Ebeu Wrigl.t. New York Portrait ol Chevalier Bayard: [lorlrait of Empress Josephine, portrait of Marie Louise- portrait of NapuJeon 1. Lent by Mrs J V L Pruyn. Alb.my Portrait ol Eliz.ibelh Erving, wife of Governor James Bowdr.in. by JIalbonc- portrait of Hon. James Bowdoin, son of Govern ir James Bowdoin. by M.a.bone portrait of Elizabeth Bowdoin. daughter of Governor James Bowdoin. by Malbone. Lent by Mrs. George S. Bowdoin, New York. Box, gold, oval; box, gold chased, round: box, gold, oval; box, oblong, blue- enamel, miniature on lid; box, goid, round, box. gold, enamel on lid; small enamelled watch, shape of shell; gold- watch, raised figures under crystal, strikes hours; box, oblong, blue enamel, minia- ture on lid, pastoral subject; large gold watch, case of pierced gold, Wilson, maker; open-face gold watch, enamel hack, Berihond, maker; gold and enamel watch, two rows of pearls, Guece, maker; patch box, gold: chased gold watch, with chased silver face; repousse gold watch, Bietield, maker; unique enameled watch, in shape of harp; portrait, It:ilian, with hniall coat of arms. Lent by Mr. AVilliam. Hull AA'ickham, New York. Box. gold, figures in Vernis Martin ; box,, silver and yellow, niello. Louis XIV; box, tortoise shill, Louis XIV; bo.x. red ani gold, enamel (rare), George III; fruit knife, Louis XIV; etui, gold, Louis XIV-, etui, gold, Louis XVI; portrait of Dean Swift, by Craft; watch and chatelaine; watch and chatelaine. Lent b}' Miss Hewitt, New York. Portrait of Najioleon I when a child; Ian. \'ernis Martin; f;in, carved pearl and gold sticks. Lent by Mrs. Pierre Barlow, New York. Watch, antique, silver p.-iinted; watch, enamel; watch, gold, antique; Avatch, gold, watch, silver, with black diamonds; watch, painted; fan. presented to bride- of Alexander 1. of Russia; fan, Louis XV. fan (Nacre), Louis XV; fan (Nacre), Louis XIV. fan, ivory, Louis XV; fan,. i\'Oiy, Louis XV. Lent bj' Tiffany &. Co.. New York. Pendant, enameled on gold (lost art). Lent by Jlrs. William E. Dodge, Nevr York. Portrait of Louis Atterbury (married Catherine Boudinot), by Field. Lent by ]SIrs H P Loomis, iS^ew York. Snuffbox, gold, with miniature; fan, ivoiy and gold sticks, satin leaf, Louis XVI. Lent by Mrs. Henry Clews, New York. Portrait of Mrs. Tickell, b}' Cosway: portrait of young lad}-, by Isabey: pair of rural landscapes, by Blavenberghe: box, goid. oval, green enamel; box, gold, oblong, octagonal, bleu du roi enamel; box. gold, miniature of Mme. de M.ante- non, Louis XIV; box, gold, obion.u', en- ameled picture on lid: box, gold, oblong, group, Frederick the Great and others in smoky to)iaz; box, goid, oval, chased, jiicture on cover. Louis XIV. box. oval, gold, blue enamel, with miniature of Mme. de Pompadour. Louis XV. box. iro.d. ob- long, carved on all sides with groujis of cujiids; portrait of a j'oung lady; portrait of Maria Foote, in pearl frame; portrait 200 K^EAV York at the World's Columbian Expositioit. of Duchess of Devousbire, in pciirl frame. Lent by Jlr. Peter Marie, New Yorlc. Portrait of lady, by Cosway; fan, painted, carved ivory sticks; fan, carved shell sticks. Lent by Mrs. Henry G. Marquand, Kew York. Snuffbox, inlaid, gold. Lent by Mr. O. Egerton Schmidt. New York. Portrait of Archibald Gracie, by Mal- bone. Lent by Mrs. James K. Gracie, New Y'ork. Portrait of Charles I and Henrietta Maria. Lent by Mrs. Henry Draper, New Y^ork. Fan, modern French. Lent b}- Mrs. J. Kennedy Tod. New York. Fan, Itahan leaf, Chinese sticks, Louis XYL Lent by Mrs. Marion Story, West- chester. Carved ivory fan; horn fan; horn fan; empire fan; mourning fan. Lent by Mrs. J. W. Pinehot, New York. Fan, old Chinese, silver filagree, enam- eled in colors. Lent by Mrs. F. R. Jones, NcAv York. Fan. painted, carved and gold sticks, belonged to Jlarie Antoinette; fun, carved ivory, tainted leaf, Louis XV. Lent by Mrs. W. D. Sloane, New York, Fan. Louis XI V. Lent by Miss Freling- huysen. New Y'ork. Fan, Louis XVI. Lent by Mrs. H. Waller Webb. New Y'ork. Fan. fete ehanipetre, nacre stick, Louis XV. Lent by JIi's. Wysong. New Y'ork. F.-m, pastoral subject, Louis XV; fan Italian, lace painted sticks, middle 18tli century; fan, Italian, lace painted sticks, middle ISth century. Lent by 3Irs. Dwiglit Collier, New "Y'ork. Fan, carved ivory sticks, leaf lace, belonged to Empress Eugenie. Lent bj- Mr. John Wool Griswoid. Troy. Fan, Eastern carved ivory, ISth cen- tury Lent by Mrs. Richard Derby, New Y'ork. Fan, modern French; fan, les incroy- ables; fan, Vernis Martin; fan, ivory sticks, Louis XV; fan, Italian, marked E. AY. Lent by Mrs. W. Seward Webb. New York. Fan, Directoire, ivory sticks; fan, French, Chinese decoration; fan, Italian, pen and ink drawing, "Battle of the Amazons," 17th century; fan, pear and gold sticks; fan, carved ivory (Chinese), time of 1st Empire; Jan. French, Chinese decorations; fan, Trench, inlaid shell sticks; fan, Spanish, with spangles. Lent by Jlrs. R. M. Hunt, New Y'ork. LACIS OR DARNED NETTING. Insertion of yellow lacis, geometric pattern. Italian, about 1468-80; insertion of lacis (white), Italian, 1480 to 1500; table cover, darned netting, Italian, 1490- 1500; lacis, geometric design, border of Genoa bobbin lace, Italian. 1500-10; squares of lacis and drawnwork, German, about loUO. Lent by Mrs. A. S. Hewitt, New Y'ork. Table cover, lacis in squares, Spanish, about 1500. Lent by Mrs. Frederick. Goodridge, New York. Chalice veil, ecru lacis. Lent by JIrs, Henry C. Howells, Flushing. Long Island. Lacis and reticella, Italian, l550-~0. Lent b}' Mrs. J. Boorman Johnston. New Y''ork. Lacis, Spanish, about 1500; lacis wi.h star design, Spanish, 1500; border with points Panama lacis. 1530. Lent by Sirs, Jose JIa. Munoz, New York. Scarf of lacis, Russian, about 1620. Lent bv Mrs Edward Crosby, New Y'ork. Table scarf, lacis, Italian Renaissance, about 1500. Lent by Miss Lueilla Allen, New Y'ork. Border of colored lacis, red and green, 1420-30. Lent by Mrs. Newboid. New- York. PUNTO TIRATO CR DRAWNWORK, PUNTO TAGLIATO OR CUTWORK AND RETICELLA. White linen altar frontal drawnwork, Italian Renaissance design, from 1530-40: towel with reticella insertion and border. Italian, from 1550-60; bit of puuto tag- liato or cutwork. Spanish, from 1530-40. Lent bv Mrs. James W- Pinehot, New York. Bit of ]iunto tirato and reticel»a. Ita.ian, with border of pillow lace, 1450-80 in- sertion of punto tirato and reticeLa, Ital- ian, from 1450-80. Lent by Mrs. Fred- erick Goodridge, New York. Table scarf. ver>- fine reticella squares, Italian, about 1500. Lent by Mrs. Aies- ander Van Nest. New York. Puntt) tirato and reticella, Italian, 1450. Lent by 3Irs. Lathrop, New York. Border of linen cutwork. piiiow lace edge. Italian, from 1530-40, square of linen drawnwork and cutwoilv. Italian, about 1630. tabic cover, reticella scjuares and embroidery. Italian, from 1560-80: small square of linen cutwork, with punto a gvoppo, from 1540-60 square of cut- work, Spanish. 1680- 1700; towe. ends, woven red si :k, German. 1480-1500 border in red silk on linen. Sicily, 1380-1400. in- sertion red silk on linen design. Italian, 1480-1500. Lent by Mrs. A. S. Hewitt, New York. Border of linen punto tagliato, Italian, 1500: chalice veil of reticella, Itadan. aboiit 1560. Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman Johnston. New York. Square of reticella and embroidery, Italian, 1590-1600; bit of punto tirato. Rei'oet of Boaed of Women Managers. 201 Italian, 1500. Leut by Mrs. NewboM, New York. Boi'der of piinto tirato, witli yellow silk design of animals darned in with linen thread, from Greek islands, 1500. Ijent bj' Mrs. Frederie R. Jones, New York. Two pieces of Russian pillow lace, about . 1780-1800. Lent by Mrs. Arthur Mur- ray Dodge, New York. Two towel ends, drawnwork, with col- ored silk, Russian, about 1650. Lent bj' Mrs. Edward Crosby, New York. North Italy. Bit of lace with rounded points, pillow- tnade, Genoa. 1580-90; insertion pillow lace, Italian, 1600-10. Lent by Mrs. Wil- liam Iselin, New York. Bit of niacrame, Genoa, 1660-90. Lent by Mrs, John Jliuturn, New York. Needle-point, with pointed edge, very perfect, north Italy, 1630-40; collar, needle-point, Genoa, about 1600-70. Lent hy Jlrs. James Pincbot, Ncav York. Bertha, Genoa needle-point, 1530-50. Lent by Mr. William H. Aspinwall, New York. ■ Collar, very fine Genoa needle-point, 1580; narrow border of punto in aria, 1530; small square cutwork, Greek, 1480; little cover with Genoa pillow lace, 1580- 1600; bertha, reticella solcil, 1520. Lent bj' ]\Irs. J. Boorman Johnston, New York. Yard of udine lace, about 1600. Lent by Mrs. Arthur Murray Dodge, New York. Bit of so-culled Raphael lace udine, ■about 1050. Lent by Mrs. Frederick Goodridgc, New York. Bertha, flat-point, with border of Gothic needle-point, Genoa, 1580. Lent by Mrs. John V. L. Pruyn, Albany. Linen square, with pillow lace, Genoa, 1580-1600; linen squai'e, reticella and punto in aria insertion, Italian, 1530; bit ot punto in aria, .1530 -50; reticella square, Italian, 1660-80; one piece of north Ital- ian needle-point pimto in aria, 1530-50. Lent by Mrs. A. S. Hewitt, New York, Tape lace, curious and rare, north Italy, 17th century. Lent by Mrs. H. Eugene Coe, New York. Venice Plat Point. Small altar frontal, A. D. 1660-80. Lent by Jlrs. J. West Roosevelt, New York. One collar, flat point, A. D. 1680-1700; cap, flat point, A. D. 1680-1700. Lent by .Airs, Derby, New York. Punto a vermicelli, 1680. Lent by Miss Furniss, New York. Flounce, flat point, 1780. Lent by Mrs. Morgan, New York. 2G Two cutis and a yard of flat point, 1650. Lent by Mrs. Theodore Gibbs, New York. Venice Reliefs. Cape of high relief, 1680-90; cape of low relief, Decjidence, 1700; one-half yard high relief, 1610. Leut by Mrs, P. T. Barlow, New York. Front of priest robe, with chalice; two yards of lace, about 1580. Lent by Mrs. brexel. New York. Collar, in high relief, 1680, Lent by Miss Wilkinson, Buffalo. One deeji flounce, in perfect order, high relief, about 1080. Lent by Mrs. R. W. de Forest, New York. Venice Rose Points. Flounce, with a continuous design which never I'epeats itself, very fine, 1700-20, Lent by Mrs, Bayard Cutting, New York, Three iiieces of very fine rose point design, Louis XIV, beautiful specimen; collar, rose point, later period. Lent by Mrs. Theodore Gibbs, New York. Bertha., rose point, 1650-70, Leut by Mrs. R. H. Derby, New York. Collar and lace of rose point, 1650-60. Lent by Mrs. Henri Brauu, New York. Plastron, French design, rose point, 1690; collar, French design, rose point, 1685; collar, French design, rose point, 1685; collar, Venetian ro^e point, 1680. Lent b}' Mrs, J. Boorman Johnston, New York. Point de Milan. Flounce a reseau Milan, 1650-70, said to have belonged to Doge Andi'ea Doria. Lent by Mrs. Frederick Goodridge, New York. Flounce, Renaissance design, reseau Mil.'in, 1650-60. Lent by Mrs. Pinchot, New York. Flounce, reseau Milan design, in sec- tions; Renaissance vine pattern, in bouquets, beginning of the bow-knot era, Louis XIV, 1680-90. Lent by Mrs. J. West Roosevelt, New York. Flounce, reseau Milan, Renaissance de- sign. 1580. Lent by j\Irs. d'Oremieulx, New Yoi-k. Flounce, reseau Milan, scrolls and birds, 1600, Lent by Mrs. A. S. Hewitt, New York. Flounce, reseau I\[ilan, IGOO. Lent by Mrs. Jolni V. L. Pruyn. Albany. Bertha, guipure de Jlilan, 1660. Lent by Mrs. John Minturn, New York. Bit of guipure de Milan, very fine, with edging of Flemish lace, 1660. Lent by Mrs.'F.'E. Cbadwick, Washington. Flounce of Fiume lace. Lent by Mrs. Theodore Gibbs, New York. 202 New York at the "World's Columbian Exposition. Collection of small examples of lace. Lent by Miss Eleanor Hewitt, New York. BUKANO (an island NEAR VeNICE). Flounce. Lonis XV design, said to have belonged to the patrician Venier family of Venice, of whom one was Doge, about 1500; two pieces of narrow lace. Lent by Mrs. Dwight Collier, New Yorlv. Two breteJles or sleeve trimmings, Louis XV design, about 1750. Lent by Mrs. Bavard Cutting', New York. Half yard Louis" XVI design, 1780. Lent by Mrs. d'Oremiculx. New York. Tliree pieces, about 1760. Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman Johnston, New York. Louis XV design, 1740-60. Lent by Mrs. A. M, DodgeT New York. Louis XVI design, 1780-90. Lent by Mrs. P. M. Brysou, New York. Point de France. Deep flounce of six yards of Argentan, ordered bj' Louis XVI for Marie Antoin ette, exquisite specimen, about 1770-80. Lent by Mrs. Vanderbilt, New York Flounce, ^\■ith Alencon fond, Louis XVI, about 1780. Lent by Mrs. J. Pier- pont Morgan, New York, Lace initials of Empress Marie Louise and imperial bees; Alencon fond, with Empire design. Lent by Miss Pierpont Morgan. New York. Barbe, Alencon, with Empire design, jabot of narrow Alencon. Lent by Mrs J. C. Green, New Yorli. Cap with ruffle, Argentan fond, design Louis XV, l'^65-75. Lent by Mrs. New- bold. New York. Lace, design Louis XIV, 1700. Lent by Mrs. William Iselin. New York. Lace, with Empire design. Lent by Mrs. R. W. de Forest, New York. Barbe, Argentan. Lent by Mrs. Jose Ma. Munoz, New York. Lace. Alencon fond. Empire design; three j'ards Alencon, Louis XIV, 1700; one yard Argentan, Louis XV. 1760; barbe, Alencon, 1700; barbe, Alencon, 1780; one and a half Alencon, Louis XVI design. Lent bj' Mrs. J. Boorman John- ston, New York. Floimce, Louis XIV design; reseau ir- regulier de Milan, 1680-15H)0; barbe, Louis XV design; reseau Milan, very fine, 1750- 60. Lent by Mrs. Newbold Morris, New York. Lace au vrai reseau, design Louis XIV, 1690-1700. Lent by Mrs. John Minturn, New York. Collar, and bride's picotees, 1700-20. Lent by Mrs. J. West Roosevelt, New York. One cape, flat-point, with scattered re- liefs, design Louis XV. Lent by Mrs. John V L Pruyu, Albany. Flounce, three yards and three fourths, by twenty-six inches deep, reseau Milan and bride's design, Louis XIV, 1660, a bertha, eight and one halt yards. Lent through Mrs. Niles. Santa Barbara, Ca!. B.irbe, Argentan, IGbO bertha, point de Sedan, 1680. Lent by Mrs. J. Boormaa Johnston, New York. Plastron, point flat de France, 1670. Lent by Mrs. Newbold, New York, Guipures de Flandres. Flounce, Flemish au reseau, design, early Baroque. lliSO. Lent by Mrs. Bay- ard Cutting. New York. Cape, Fiemish guipure, 1700-10; Louis XIV design, from 1700-10, Lent by Mrs. il Oremiculx, New York. Flounce, Fiemish a reseau Milan, de- sign Louis XIV, 1690-1700; lace, nar- rower, early Louis XIV. guipure de Fiandres, and bride's picotees. Lent by Mrs Bird. New York. Flounce, Brabant, and bride's picotees, tivo patterns, first, 1780, second, 1700. Lent b}' Mrs. Newbold Morris, New York. Three yards lace, Flandres a reseau Milan, Louis XIV^ design, about 1670. Lent by Miss M. Louise Wilkinson, Buffalo. Three yards, twelve inches, by eight inches wide, guipure de Flandres, about 1710 Lent tbrough Mrs. M. G. R. Niles, Santa Barbara, Cal. Amekica. Drawnworlc, unfinished, with lace stiohes. worked by Susannah, wife of Colonel Vaughn, who learned in England about 1730. Lent by Miss Juha Weils, New York. Handkerchief of drawnwork, made by Eiizaoeth Bleecker. wife of Peter Brinker- hoff, of Albany, New York, born 1777. Lent by Mrs. F. E, Chadwick, Washing- ton, D. C. Crewe! work, done by Mrs. M. K. Hop- pin, 1805. Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman Johnston, New York. White net veil, embroidered by hand, with lace stitches, by Miss Delamater, in. New York, about 1820. Lent by Mrs. Charles Chandler, Philadelphia. Embroidered dvess. unfinished, worked by Mrs. Wolcott Gibbs, 1816; white heart- shaped reticule, witli pink satin bag, em- broidered with ribbon woi'k, worked by Mrs. Wolcott Gibbs, 1816. Lent by her daughter, Mrs. d'Oremieulx, New York. Linen sampler, worked in blue silk by Miss Sarah Gibbs iu 1750, daughter of Report of Boaed of Women Manageeb. 203 George Gibbs, of Newport, Rhode Island, and aunt of ex Governor Wm. Channing Gibbs, of Rhode Island. Lent b}- her great granduiece Miss Emily Tuckeiman, "Washington, D. C. Sampler, worked by Elizabeth Elmen- dorf. 1760. Lent by her great grandniece Mrs George Waddington. New York. Haaiikercbief, Mexican drawnwork. Lent by Mrs. James Piucbot. New York. Biblical sampler; two Jlexican samplers of embroidery and drawnwork. Lent by Mrs. Sampson, New Y'ork. Br.\b.\xt and Flaxdeks. Barbe, Louis XIV, Brabant, 1690-1700; two sleeve pieces au vrai reseau. Louis XIV design. Brabant, 1680-1700. Lent by Jlrs. P. M. Bryson, New Y'ork. Cap. a fond de neige, Brabant, 1650-60; barbe. Louis XIV. au vrai reseau, 1680- 90, barbe, Brabant. 1680; one halt barbe, facoQ Angleterre, 1690 Lent by Mrs. Jose Ma. Munoz. New York. Frill of lace around cap. Brabant. Mech- lin a fond dc neige. 1730-40. one and one- half yards. Brabant a fond double. 1740- 50. Lent bv ^Irs. P. S. Barlow, New York. Lace, needle point, very fine, Brabant, Louis XIV. 1680; lace, Brabant, au reseau; Iflce. Flanders, facon Angleterre. 1740. Lent bv Mrs. Arthur Murray Dodge, New York " Ccllarette, Louis XIV, Brabant, 1700. Lent by Mss M. Louise Wilkinson, Buffalo Barbe. facon Angleterre, Flanders, 1700- 20; barbe. guipure de Flandres. 1750-60; Valenciennes, i.r Beuche a fond de neige, early Louis XiV design. 1680 to 1700. Lent by Mrs. d'Oreraieu.x. New Y'ork. Lace. Brabant, 1700. Lent by Mrs. Theodore K Gibbs, New Y'ork- Barbe, facon Angleterre, Flanders, 1690. Lent by 'Mis. Charies Chandler, Philadelphia. Yard ot Beuche. Lent by Mrs. Loyall Farnigut. New York. Barbe. Brabant. 1680. Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman Johnston, New Y'ork. Collar, Watteau design; pillow lace, late ISth century. Lent by Mrs. John C. Green. New Yoik. Spanish Blondes. Black mantil'a, pillow made, au vrai reseau. Spauisb. ISOO. scarf, black, Em pirc design, hand darned. Lent by Mrs. F. Hopkinson Smitb, New York Spanish scarf, black, au vrai resejiu, 1810 black foud de Mantiiie. design birds, au vrai reseau. Bayeux. 1770 Lent b.y Mrs. Arthur ^luiTav Dodge. New York. Black S]ianisli mantilla. a\i vr.ii reseau, about 1780-90; black Spanish scarf, Em- pire design. Lent by Mrs. Jose Ma. Munoz, New Y'ork. Black Spanish scarf, beautiful JloorisU design, au vrai reseau; mantilla, black Spanish, au vrai reseau, 1780; two bits of narrow lace, silk and thread. Lent by Mrs. Theodore K. Gibbs. New York. Eight yards of black thread lace, Chan- tillv. Lent by Mrs. Henri Braun, New Y'ork. Lace, black, with trees. Empire style. Lent by Miss A. V. R. Ogden, New Y'ork. Bertha, white and silver. Spanish, 1770- 80, flounce, white, Spanish blonde, with gold threads. 17.50-60. Lent by Mr John Bensusan, New Y'ork. White blonde veil, Louis XV design, 1765-70. Lent by Mrs. Eben Wright, New Y'ork. One white Spanish blonde scarf, aux lirides, very curious, 1780. Lent bj' Miss Louise Wilkinson, Buffalo. Mechlin and Valenciennes, Lille and tonderk. ^Mechlin, about 1700. Lent by Mrs. Bird. New Y'ork. Mechlin, design Louis XIV. 1700: Bra- bant au reseau design with flowers in pots, about 1690. Lent by Mrs. Eben Wright, New York. Mechlin. Louis XIV, 1690-1700; one- half barbe guipure de Malmes, 1740-50. Lent by Mrs d'Oreraieulx. New York. Mechlin, about 1790. Lent by Miss Julia Wells. New Y'ork. Mechlin, about 1750 Lent by Mrs. P. M. Brvson. New Y'ork. Mechlin, 1730-40: Jlechlin, 1730-40; Mechlin. Louis XV design. Lent by Mrs. Wm. Iseiin. New Y'ork. Mechlin, design peacocks. 1700-30. Lent by Mrs. John Miuturn. New Y'ork. Mecmin, rarrjw. 1700; broader. 1750. Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman Johnston, New York Mechlin, rose design. 1800; MechEn, Greek border. 1810. Jlechlin. flower scene, iSOO. Lent by Mrs A. V. R Ogden. Mechlin flower design. 1800 Lent by iirs George Robbins, New York Mechlin, worn on a bride's dress in 1816. Lent by Miss Mary White, New York. Floimce of Mechlin, 1790-1800; narrow lace to match. Lille Lace. Lille lace, about 1730. Lent by Mrs. Frederic R Jones. New York. Lace, Lille, about 1730; lace, Lille, about 1730. Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman Johnston, New York. Lace. Lille a bouquets, 1710-80. Lent by Mrs. d'Oremieulx, New York. 204 New York at thk World's Columbian Exposition. TONDERN Laces. ScJilfsicig-Uolstein, Denmark. Tondorn lace, 1760. Lent l)y Mrs. J. Boiirmun Johnston, Now Voi'U Tonderu lace of I'au.sse V.'iU^iiC'ienncs, 1680. Lent by Mrs. d'Oruniiuui.v, New York. Tondem laee, 1740-50. Lent by Mrs. P. M Bryson, New York. 'I'ondern lace, 1750-60. Lent l)y Mrs. P. S. Barlow, New York. Valenciennes. Flounce of Valencienne, Louis XIV de- sign, rai-e and beautiful specimen, 1680, Lent by Mrs. William Kent, New York. Early Vaiencienue, Louis XIV, 1680- 1700. Lent by Mrs. d'Oremieulx, New York. Barbe, old Valencienne, 1700-10. Lent l)y Mrs .lose Ma, Munoz, New York. 'Oiil Valencienne, 1680. Lent by Mrs. Bayard Cutting, New York. Barbe, old Valencienne, 1650. lacej Louis XVI design, 1785; lace, 1670. Lent by Mrs. J. Boorman .Johnston, New York Lace, Louis XVI design. Lent by Mrs. Latliroi>, PlusUing Handkerchief and Valeneieune, 1800, EXHIBIT OF STATISTICS. (In winged frames.) Report of Board of Women Managers. 205 CATALOGUE OF WOMEN AUTHORS, NATIVES OR RESI- DENTS OF NEW YORK STATE. WITH NUMBER OF VOLUMES HY EACH IN THE I-IHKAKY OF THE woman's mill.IHNG. Aflams, Mrs. Ann Clark. 1 vol. Adams. ,Mr.s. Elizalieth L. (Steele); nat. and Steele, Mr.s. F JI. 1 vol. Aditnis, Mrs Mary Mathews (Barnes). 1 vol Aldcn, Mrs Isabella (Maedonalil), /«. Pan.sy 1841 nat. 50 vols. Aldcp. Mrs. Isabella, and Foster, Mrs. Thcodosia M.. yw. Faye Huntington. 'Z vcis. Aiden, Mrs. Isabella, and Livingston, Mrs. C. M. 4 vol.s. Aldrieh. Anne Reeve. 1866-92; uat. 3 vols Alice, Cousin, ps see Haven, Mrs. Aliee (Bra,dley) Neal. Allen Mrs Elizabeth (Chase) Akers, ;;.v. Florence Percy, 1882. res. .j vols. Allison, .Toy, /)s see Cragin, Jlrs. M. A. Alt, Florence Alay. 1 vol. Ames. Mrs Klleii Mtiria (Easterbrooks), ps Ele.mor Kirk res. 8 vols., ed. 3 vols. Ames. .Mrs. Fannie \i. 2 vols. Ames Mrs Mary (Ciernmer) Hud.son, 1839-84 nat. 7 vols, ■ ed. 2 vols. Aadrews. Jessie Agnes 1 vol. Andrews, Julia 1 vol Anthony. Susan Browned, 1820; res.. Stanton. 5lrs Eli/.abctli (Cadyi, and Gage, Mrs Ma'i.da i.los.ynl 2 vols. Ari'hibald, Mrs. George, ps. see Palmer, Mrs Anna (Campbell). Arcy. Mrs H. E G. 1 vol. Avery, Adeline B. , and Finch, Julie E. 1 vol Ayres, Aime. 1 vol. Babeock, Mi's. Emma Whiteomb; res. 1 vo.. Bacon, Fanny Elizabeth, 1836-81; res. 1 vol. Bacon, Mrs. Su.san(Sloane) Gillette; res. and Si one, \V. E. 1 vol. Baker, Bc'attie. 1 vol. Baker, Mrs. H. N. W., ps. MadeUne Leslie. 1 vol. Btdch. Elizabeth; nat. 4 vols. Baldwin, Mrs. S. L. 1 vol. Baleslier. Josephine. 1vol. Ballon, Emma L. ; nut. 1 vol. Balinano, Jlrs. Mary. 1 vol. Bangs, Mrs. Charlotte K. (Woglom); nat 1 vol. Barber, Alice Amelia. 1 vol. Barnes, Charlotte Mary Sanford, d. 1863; res. 1 vol. Barnes, Mrs. Francis J. 1 vol. Barnes, Mrs. jMary Downing (Sheldon), 1850; nat., and Barnes, Earle. 6 vols. B;irr, Mrs Amelia Edilh (Iluddleslon), 1831; res. 27 vols. Barr, Lillie Eliza; res. 1 vol. Barrett, Jlary C. 1 vol. Barrow, Mrs Frances Elizabeth (Mease), y/». Aunt Fanny, 1822; res. 28 vols. Barrow, Mrs. Frances E., and Holly. Mrs. S. C. (Barrow). 12 vols. Barton, Mrs. Parthena Rood; res. 1 vol. Bates, Charlotle Fiske, 1838-90; nat. 1 vol.; ed. 3 vols. Baum, Rosemary. 1 vol. Ba.xter, Lydia, 1809-74: nat. 3 vols. Ba_ylor, Frances Courti'iiay. 3 vols. Bciich, Elizabelh T Porter. 1 vol. Beard, Luin. and Beard, A. B. 1 vol. Beebe, Mrs. Carrie (Decker); nat. 1 vol. Be(d)c, Emma N. 2 vols. Beech, Be.ssie, ]i.i. sec Lincoln, Mrs. Martha D. Beecher, Catherine Esther, 1800-78; nat, 27 vols. Beecher, Mrs. Eunice White (BuUard), 1812. f) vols. Beecher. Mrs. Henry Ward, see Beecher, Mrs. Eunice White (BuUard). Beecher, Mary L(juis(.-, //.i. see Bingham, Jennie j\Iarie. Beers, Mrs. Faimie A. 1 vol. Bellamy, Mrs. Blanche (Wilder); res.; and (joodwin, j\Irs. Maud (Wilder). Ed. 1 veil. Beile, Clara, /«. see Thomp.son, Mrs. William. Ben, Uncle, ;ai. see While, Mrs. Rlioda Elizabeth (Waterman). Benedict. Anne Keudrick. 1 vol. Benedict, E. L. 1 vol. Benjamin. Jlrs. Fanny Nichols. 1 vol. Ben'ncit, Mrs. S. K. I. 1 vol. Benton, Mrs. Caroline C. 1 \i)\. Berard, Augusta Blanche, 1834; nat. 3 vols.; ed. ] vol. Berkley, Helen, //.«. see Ritchie, Mrs. Anna Cora (Ogden) Mowatt. Berneike, Mrs. Marion L. (Rice), M. D.; nat 1 vol. Berry, Mrs. M. Eugenia. 2 vols. 206 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. . 2 vols. Eliza (Schuyler), Adeline Ac'new. Aunt Berthold, Ernst, ps. see Robinson, Mrs. Therese Albertine Louise (von Jakob). Bethune, Mrs. Joanna (Graham), 1770. 3 vols ; ed. 1 vol. Bigelow, Grace; nat. 1 vol. Bigelow, Mrs. Marion A. ; nat. 3 vols. Bigx'low, Mrs. Mary Frances (Ashley) ; res. 1 vol. Bigelow, Mrs. Poultney. 3 vols. Bingham. Jennie Marie, -ps. Mary Louise Beecher. 3 vols. Bishop, Mrs. Emily M. 1 vol. Bisland, Elizabeth. 1 vol. Bissell, Mrs. Mary Barton (Taylor), M D. ; nat. 3 vols. Bissell, Mary L, ; res. 4 vols. Blackwell, Mrs. Antoinette Louisa (Brown), 1825 ; nat. 5 vols. Blackwell, Elizabeth, M. D. ; res. 4 vols. ; and Blackwell, Emily, 1 vol. Blake, Mrs E. Vale ; res. 4 vols. Blake, Mrs. Lillie (Devereux) Umsted, JK. ^sop, Essex, Tiger 1a\j, 1835 ; res. 7 vols. Blancbard, Amy Ella Bleecker, Mrs. Anne 1752-83 ; nat. 2 vols. Blennerhassett, Mrs 2 vols. Blinn, Mrs. Frances Gray, x>^- Yewrownckie. 1 vol. Bloede, Gertrude, ps. Stuart Sterne ; res. 6 vols. Bloomer, Amelia. Ed. 1 vol. Bloomfield, Julia K. 3 vols. Bly, Nellie, ps. see Cochrane, EUzabeth. Bogart, Elizabeth, ps. Estelle, 1806; nat. 20 vols. Boies. Lura Anna, 1835-59. 1 vol. Bonney, Mrs. Cathariua Visscher (Van Rensselaer), 1816-91. 1 vol. Booth, Mary Louise, 1831-89 ; nat. 4 vols : tr. 19 vols Booth, Mrs. Maud B. 1 vol, Bostwick, Celeste Parmelee, 1 vol. Bostwick, Mrs, Lucy (Watson), ^s. Mar- gery Daw, 1880 ; nat. 3 vols. Botta, Mrs. Anne Charlotte (Lynch), 1830-91 ; res. 2 vols : ed. 1 vol. Bottome, Mrs. Margaret. 1 vol. Boyd, Ellen Wright, 1833 ; res. 3 vols. Brace, Miss. 1 vol. Brackett, Anna Callender, 1836 ; res. 3 vols. ; and Elliott, L M 1 vol ; tr. 3 vols. Bradford, Mrs. Sarah H. 18 vols. Bradley, Mrs. Mary Emily (Neeley), 1835 ; res. 21 vols. ; and Neeley, K. J. 1 vol. ; ed. 3 vols. _ Bradley By Strom, *Mrs. Elizabeth N. ; nat. 1 vol. Bramhail, Mac St. John. 2 vols. Branch, Mrs. Mary Lydia (Bolles), 1840 ; res. 1 vol ; ed. 1 vol. Breese, Frances Helen ; res. 1 vol. Brewster, Mrs. Celestia A. (Bless). 3 vols. Brewster, Mary Shaw. 1 vol. Brignardello, L. 1 vol. Brine, Mrs. Mary D. ; nat. 38 vols. Brinkerhoff, Mme. Clara (M.), ps. Henri Gordon ; res. 2 vols. Brintou, Mrs. Beulah (Tobey), 1834. 3 vols. Brittan, Harriette G. 4 vols. Bronson, Mrs. Laura Melyzia. 1 vol. Brooks, Angeline. 1 vol. Brooks, Constantina Elizabeth. 1 vol. Brooks, Mrs. Mary E. (Aiken), ps. Noma; nat. 3 vols. Brooks, J. G. 1 vol. Brown, Caroline Morgan. 3 vols. Brown, Mrs. Uiedamia (Covell). 1 vol. Brown, Helen Dawes; res. 1 vol; and Backus, T. J. 1 vol. Brown, Mrs. Helen E. 18 vols. Brown, .Josephine K. 1 vol. Brown, Lucy Hall, M. D. 3 vols. Brown, Mary. 1 vol. Brown, iirs. M,ary E., and Brown, W. A. 1 vol. Brown, Mrs. Susan H. (Nail). 1 vol. Brugiere, Sara Van Buren. 1 vol. Brunowe, Marion J. 4 vols. Brush, Mrs. Christine (Chaplin), 1843 ; res. 3 vols. Brush, Mrs. Mary E. Quackenbush. 1 vol. Brush. C. E. Ed. 1 vol. Bryan, Mrs. Mary (Edwards) ; res. 7 vols. Bryant, Elizabeth. 1 vol. Bryson. Louise Fiske. 1 vol. Buckbee, Aliss. 1 vol. Buckelew, Sarah P. ; nat, 1 vol ; and Lewis, M. W. 4 vols. Buckingham, Enuua May. 3 vols. Bucklin, Sophronia Elizabeth. 1 vol. Bulkley, Mrs. Abby Isabel (Brown), 1834 ; res. 1 vol. Bullard, Mrs. Phoebe Consalus. 1 vol. Bullock, Cynthia. 3 vols. Bunco, Mrs. OUver Bell. 1 vol. Burke, Mrs. Mary E. 1 vol. Burnham, Mrs. Mary Lewis ; res. 3 vols. Burnside, Jean. 1 vol. Burnz, Mrs. Eliza Boardman, 1833 ; res. 16 vols. Burt, Emma. 1 vol. Burt, Helen. 1 vol. Buterick, Jane F. 1 vol. Butt, Beatrice May. 1 vol. Butts, Mrs. Mary P. ; res. 13 vols. C. F. .M., ps. see Cusack, Mary Frances. Cahill, Mabel Esmonde. 1 vol. Cairns, lUrs. Emma (Riggs). 1 vol. C.'ilver. Amelia J. 1 vol. Camp, Harriet C. 1 vol. Campbell, Elizabeth ? ps. see Winter, Mrs. William. Campbell, Mrs. Helen, 1839, ps. Camp- bell Wheaton ; nat. 21 vols. Report of Boaed of Women Managees. 207 Campbell, Sylvia. 1 vol, Cantield, Mrs. E. H.;.res. 1 vol. Carida, jjs. see Carpeuder, Ida. Carleton. Cousiu May, ps. see Fleming, Mrs. 31:1}' Agues (Eai'ly). Carlton, Christine, ps. see Pitts, Nina. C'arpender, Ida, ps. Carida. 7 dramas. Carpenter, Amelia Walstein, 1840; nat. 1 vol. Carpenter, Marj' Thorn. 1 vol. Carter, Mrs. Susan N. 2 vols. Cary, Alice, ps. Patty Lee, 1832-71; res. 13 vols. ; and Cary, Pha'be. 3 vols. Cary, Phcebe, 1824-71; res. 2 vols; ed. 1vol. Caswetl, Mrs. Harriet S. 1 vol. Cate, Eliza Jaue, 1813-84; res. 1 vol. Chadwick. J. II. 1 vol. Champney, Mrs. Elizabeth (Williams), 1850; res. 24 vols. Chandler, Mrs. G. W. 2 vols. Chandler, Mrs. Luciuda B. 6 vols. Chaplin, Jane Dunbar; res. 9 vols. Chapman, Mrs. Helen C. 5 vols. Chase, Mary Maria, 1822; njit. 1 vol. Chcnoweth, Caroline Van D. 1 vol. Cheritree, Olive E. 2 vols. Chesebro, Caroline, 1825-73; nat. 15 vols. Chester, M., ps. set Robinson, Mrs. Mary Stevens. Child, Mrs. Lydia Maria (Francis), 1802-80; res. 37 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. Child, Mrs. Maria (Little), ps. C. Dela- field, 1797-1877; res. 1 vol. Church, jNIrs. Ella Rodman (Maellvane), 1831. 21 vols. Clallin, Tennie C. (Lady Cook). 1 vol. Clark, Imogeue. 1 vol.; ed. 1 vol. Clark, Kate Ehzabeth. 1 vol. Clark. Mrs. Kate Upson; res. 1 vol. Clark, Mrs. M. B. SterUug. 3 vols. Clarke, Genevieve; nat. 1 vol. Clarke, 3Irs. W. III. 1 vol. Clavers, Mrs. Mary. ps. see Kirkland, Mrs. Caroline ilatilda (Stansburj'). Clayton, Estelle; nat. 1 vol. Clement, Mrs Clara (Ei'skine), see Waters, Mrs. Clara (Erskine) Clement. Cleveland, Cynthia E.; nat. 3 vols. Cleveland, Rose Elizabeth, 1846; nat. 2 vols. Clymer, Mrs. Ella Dietz; nat. 3 vols. Coats, Mrs. .1. B. 1 vol. Cobb, Mrs. Sauford. 2 vols. Cochrane, Elizabeth, ps. Nellie Bly. 3 vols. Coe. Mrs. Carrie (Caprou). 2 vols. Cohen, Mrs. Harriet Lieber. tr. 1 vol. Coleman, Julia. 15 vols. CoUes, Mrs. Julia Keese. 1 vol. Collis. Mrs. C. T. 1 vol. Colt, -Marian D. 1 vol. Colvin, Laura JI. 1 vol. Comfort, Mrs. Anna Manning, M. D., and Comfort, G. F. 1 vol. j Commelin, Mrs. Anne Alcott; nat. 2 vols. Comstock, Mrs. Elizabeth A...ps. Eliza- beth Emmet, 1817-60; nat. 1 vol. Conaut, Blandina. Conip. 1 vol. Conaut, Clara Broughton. 1 vol. Couant, Mrs. Hannah O'Brien (Chap- lin),l 809-65; res. 3 vols.; tr. 10 vols. Conant, Mrs. Helen. 1 vol. Conaut, Mrs. Heleu D. 3 vols. Cone, Heleu Gray, 1859; nat. 6 vols.; and Gilder, J. L. 1 vol. Cone, Jessica. Ed. 1 vol. Congdon, Caroline M. ; nat. 1 vol. Conkey, Caroline K. , M. D. 1 vol. Conklin, Mrs. Jane E. D. 1 vol. Conkling, Margaret Cockburn, ps. Henry Lunettes, 1814; nat. 8 vols.; tr. 1vol. Connah, Mrs. Catharine (Ring); nat. 1 vol. Connelly, Mrs. Celia (Logan), 1839; res. 3 vols.; ed. 1 vol. Converse, Mrs. Harriet (Maxwell); nat. 1 vol. Conway, Katharine Eleanor, 1853; nat. 1vol.; ed. 1 vol. Cook, Mrs. E. G., M. D. 1 vol. Cook, Mrs. Kate. 1 vol. Cook, Mrs. Martha Elizabeth Duncan (Walker); res. Tr. 3 vols. Cooke, Mrs. Harriet B. 1 vol. Coombs, Mrs. Anne Sheldon, 1858-90; nat. 3 vols. ; and Emory, A. N. 1 vol. Cooper, Sarah B. 1 vol. Cooper, Susan Feuimore, 1813; nat. 6 vols. ; ed. 5 vols. Corbett, Mrs. E. T. 4 vols. Corning, Mrs. Mary Spring, ps. Mary Hunter, res. 7 vols. Cornell, Mrs. D. 1 vol, Cornwall, Sarah Jerusha. 1 vol. Corson, Mrs. C. R. 1 vol.; tr. 3 vols Corson, Jidiet, 1842; res. 8 vols. Cory, Mrs. Florence Elizabeth. 3 vols. Coston, Mrs. Martha J. 1 vol. Courtney, Mrs. L. S. (Dickenson); nat. 1 vol. Cowles, J. D. 1 vol. Co.xe, Mrs. Eliza (Conkling). 3 vols. Crafts, Mrs. Sarah J. 3 vols. Cragin, Mrs. M. A., ps. Joy Allison. 1 vol. Craig, Mrs. Alethe Lowber. 1 vol, Craigie, Mary B. 2 vols, Crawford, AletheaB.; nat,, and Chapin, Alice, 1 vol, Crawford, Rebekah, 1 vol, ; and Sill, L. M. 1 vol. C'rim, Matt, 3 vols. Crocker, Mrs, Carrie (Decker) Beebe, see Beebe, 3Irs, Carrie (Decker), Croly, Mrs, Jennie (Cunningham), ps. .Jennie June, 1831; res, 6 vols,; ed. 5 vols, Crosby, E. R. 1 vol. 208 New Yoek at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition. Crosby, Margaret. 1 vol. Cross. Mary. Ed. 1 vol. Crowell, R'uth N. ; res. 1 vol. Crowley, Mrs. Richard. 1 vol. Crowuinshield, Mrs. Mary Bradford. 3 vols. Cruger, Eliza. 1 vol. Cruger, Mary. 5 vols. Cruger, IMrs. Stephen Van Rensselaer, ps. Julien Gordon. 6 vols. Cumiugs, Elizabeth, see Pierce, Mrs. Elizabeth (Cumings). Curtis, Lilian E. 1 vol. Cusac, Mary Fi-ances, Sister Mary Frances Clare, Nun of Keumare, ps. C. F. M., 1830; res. 30 vols. Custer, Mrs. Elizabeth Bacon. 4 vols. Cutler, Mrs. Lizzie (Petit), 1836; res. 3 vols. . Cutter, Mrs. Sarah J. 1 vol. Daintre.y, Laura; res. 3 vols. Dale, Mrs. Ida A., ps. A. W. L. Tr. 1 vol. Dana, Mrs. Katharine Floyd, ps. Olive A. Wadsworth, 1836-86. 5 vols. Dana, Mrs. William Star. 1 vol. Daudridge, Mrs. Danske. 1 vol. Darr, Mrs. Francis J. A.; res. Tr. 2 vols. Daumast, Mrs. Jeanie S. 10 vols. Davenport, Mehetable W. N. 1 vol. Davidson, Agnes R. 1 vol. Davidson, Lucretia Maria, 1808-25; nat. 3 vols. ; and Davidson, M. M. 1 vol. Davidson, Margaret Miller, 1823-38. 1 vol. Davidson, Mrs. Margaret (Mller). 1vol. Davis, Emma C; and Keeler, H. L. 1 vol.; and Rickoff, A. J. 1 vol. Davis, Mrs. Paulina Wright (Kellogg), 1813-76; uat. 1 vol. Davis, Mrs. Sarah M. Henry, 1820. 2 vols. Daw, Margery, ps. see Bostwick, Mrs. Lucy (Watson). Dawson, 3Iary A. A. 1 vol. Deaue, ^Margery, ps. see Pitman, Mrs. Maria J. (Davis). DeForest, Julia. 1 vol. Dekroyft, Mrs. Sarah Helen (Aldrich), 1818; nat. 4 vols. Delafield, C, ps. see Child, Mrs. Maria (Little). Delafield, ilrs. Julia (Livingston); nat. 1 vol. Demarest, Mrs. Mary Augusta (Lee), 1838-88; res. l*vol. Despard, Matilda. 2 vols. Dewing, Mrs. Maria (Oake}'). 3 vols. DeWitte, Mrs. Susan (Linn). 1 vol. Dexter, Annie B. 1 vol. Dickerson, Emma R. 1 vol. Dickinson, Anna EUzabeth, 1842. 6 vols. Dickinson, Mrs. Anna 31. (Jutland). 1 vol. Dickinson, Mrs. Ellen E. 1 vol. Dickinson, J., and Dickinson, E. E., and Dowd, S. E. 1 vol. Dickinson, Mrs. Mary Lowe. 6 vols. Diehl, Mrs. Anna T. (Randall). 6 vols. Dimou, Mrs., %is. Melva. 1 vol. Disosway, Mrs. E. T. 3 vols.; tr. 1 vol. Dodd, Mrs. Anna Bowman (Blake); nat. 4 vols. Dodge, Grace Hoadley; res. 2 vols; and Blagden, Mrs. Samuel, and Paddock, Mrs. J. R. 1 vol. Dodge, Mrs. H. M., ps. Arnica Relig- ionis; res. 1 vol. Dodge, Mrs. Mary (Mapes), 1838; nat. 7 vols.; ed. 3 vols. Dodsworth, Jessie B. P. 1 vol. Doolittle, Julia A. 1 vol. Doolittle, Mary Antoinette, 1810-86; nat. 1 vol.; ed. 1 vol. Doremus, Mrs. Charles A.; res. 1 vol.; tr. 4 vols. Dorr, jMrs. Julia Caroline (Ripley), ps. Caroline Thomas, 1825; res. 10 vols. Doubleday, Mary Edwards. 2 vols. Douglass, Amanda Minnie, 1838; nat. 28 vols. Dow, Sabrina H. 1 vol. Downing, Mrs. Sophie E. (Cobb). 1 vol. Downing, Mrs. Thomas R. ; res. 1 vol. Du Bois. Constance Goddard. 2 vols. Dudleigh, Agnes, ps. see Mudge, Caro- line. Dudley, Mrs. Marion Vienna (Church- ill); nat. 1 vol. Duncan, May E. 1 vol. Dunkirk, N. Y., Women's Literary Club. 3 vols. Dunning, Mrs. Annie (Ketchum), ps. Nellie Grahame, 1831; uat. 68 vols. Dunning, Charlotte, ps. see Morse, Mrs. Charlotte Dunning (Wood). 1 vol. Durden, Dame, ps. 1 vol. Dwight, Mary Ann, 1806-58; res. 3 vols.; ed. 2 vols. Dyer, Mrs. Catherine Cornelia (Joy). 4 vols. ; and Hall, M. A. 2 vols. Earle, Mrs. Alice Morse; res. 2 vols. Earle, Anne Richardson; nat. 1 vol. Earle, Victoria. 1 vol. Easter, Mrs. Josephine D. 1 vol. Eastman, Julia Arabella, 1837; nat. 7 vols. Eaton, Alice J. ; nat. Tr. 1 vol. Eaton, Anna R. 1 vol. Ecob, Mrs. Helen (Gilbert); nat. 1 vol. Bdgarton, I. C. Ed. 1 vol. Edwards, Mrs. E. M. H. 1 vol. Edwards, Harriet L. 1 vol. Ella, ps. see Hurlbut, Mrs. Ella C. EUet, Mrs. Elizabeth Fries (Luramis), 1818-77; nat. 25 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. Ellsworth, Mrs. L. C. 2 vols. Elseflfer, Mrs. Amanda Shaw. 1 vol. THE AFRO-AMERICAN EXHIBIT. Heport of Board of Women Managers. 209 Emlniry, Mrs. Emma C. (.Mauley), p.i. laiUho, lSOl)-(i;^; lint. 13 vnla. Embury, Mrs. Susaii (Piudar), 1820; nat. 'J vols. Emmet, Elizalieth, pn. see Comstock, Mrs. Elizabeth A. Erkenbrofh, Mrs. Jennie Hicks, j'"- Sophy Sparkle. 1 vol. Essex, ps. see Blake, Mrs. Lillie (Deve- reux) Umsted. Estelle, ps. see Bogart, Elizabeth. Fabre, Christine, ps. see Smith, Mary E. Fackrcll, Mrs. Mary S. 1 vol. Faircliilil, C'arolineE. 1 vol. FairchiUl, Genevra Genevieve. 1 vol. Falcs, Mrs. Imogene C. 1 vol. Fane, Florence, ps. see Victor, Mrs. Frances Auretta (Fuller) Barrett. Fanny, Aunt, jis. see Barrow, Mrs. Frances" Elizabetli (Mease). Fanny, Aunt, jjs. see Gage, Mrs. Prances Dana (Barker). Fiwley, Mrs. Helen II. />s. Ernest Gil- more; nat. 12 vols. Farman, Ella, see Pratt, Mrs. Ella (Farman). Farnham, Mrs. Eliza Wollson (Bur- hans), 1810-64; nat. 4 vols.; ed. 1 vol. Farquharson, Martha, ps. see Finley, Martha. Fauijeres, Mrs. Margaretta U. (Bleecker) 1771-1801; nat. 2 vols. Fern, Fanny, y;.v. see Parton, Mrs. Sara Payson (Willi's) Eldredge. Ferris, Mrs. C'oruelia (Woodcock); res. 1 vol. Ferris, Mrs. Mary Lanman (Douw), 1855; nat. 2 vols; ed. 1 vol. Ferr)', Mrs, Caroline. 1 vol. Pestetits, Mrs. Kate Necly; nat. 13 vols. Field, Alice Duraud. 2 vols. Field, Kate, 184(1; res. 7 vols. Field, Adele M. 4 vols. ; and Ashmore, W. 2 vols. Fields, Mrs. Annie (Adams), 1834; res. 4 vols. Fields, Mrs. James T., see Fields, Mrs. Annie (Adams). Finley, Martha, ps. Martha Farquhar- son; res. 33 vols. Fisher, M. J. Acer. 1 vol. Fiske, Mary Hubbard. Tr. 3 vols. Fitch, Julia. 1 vol. Fitz Gerald, Caroline. 1 vol. Flanders, Mrs. Louisa B.; nat. 1 vol. Fleeta, ps. see Hamilton, Kate. Fleming, Mrs. May Agnes (Early), ps. Cousin May Carleton, 1840-79; res. 31 vols. Fleming, Mrs. Mary (.Stanley). 1 vol. Florence, ps. see Osgood, Mrs. Frances Sargent (Locke). Floyd, Mrs. Cornelia Du Bois, ps. Neil Forest. 4 vols. Fontenoy, Marquise de, pa. see Owen, Mrs. Cunliffe. 26 Foote, Mrs. Ellen Jack.son; nat. Tr. 3 vols. Foote, Mrs. Mary (Ilallock), 1847; nat. 4 vols. Forbes, Mrs. E. A. 1 vol. Forbes, Mrs, Ida B. 1 vol. Ford, Mrs, Emily Ellsworth (Fowler), 1830, res, 1 vol. Ford, Jlrs. Mary A. (McMullin), ps. Una. 1 vol. Forest, Neil, ])s. see Floyd, Mrs. C'or- nclia I)u Bois. Forrester, Fanny, ps. see Judson, Mrs. Emily C. (Chulibuck). Foster, Lilian, 1 vol, Foster, Mrs. Theodosia M., ps. Faye Huntington; res, 13 vols.; and Alden, Jlrs. Isaliella. 8 vols. Fox, Margaret, 1836, nat., and Kane, E. K. 1 vol. Frances, Mary, ps. see Mason, Mrs. Fannie. Francis, Mrs. H. E. (Tucker). 3 vols. Prank, ps. see "Whitcher, Mrs. Frances Jliriam (Berry). Fremont. Mrs. Jessie (Benton), 1824; res. 4 vols., French, Clara, 1863-88; nat. 1 vol. French, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth (Wash- burn). 1 vol. French, Mrs. Miriam B. 1 vol. Prctliey, Mrs, Heloise Durant, 4 vols. Fuller," Fraiicesca Cleveland, 1 vol. Puller, S. E, 1 vol, Fulton, Mrs. Linda de K,, 1852, ps. Linda de Kowalcwska; nat. Tr. 2 vols. Gage, Jlr?, Frances Dana (Barker), ]is. Aunt F.'inny, 1808; res. 4 vols. Gage, Mrs, ^latilda (Joslyn), 1836; nat, 1 vol,; and Anthony, S, B,, and Stanton, Mrs, Elizabeth (Cacly). 1 vol. Gage, Susanna Phelps, 1 vol, Gardiner, Mrs. Helen H. 8 vols. Gardiner, Mary L, 1 vol. Gardner. I^Irs. Mary Russell. 3 vols. Gertrude, Mary. 1 vol. Gertrude, Sister (Balfe). Tr. 1 vol. Gestefcld, Mrs. Ursula. 1 vol. Gilbert, Laura JI.; nat. 1 vol. Gilchrist, Frederieka; nat. 1 vol. Gilder, Jeannette Leonard, 1849; nat., and Cone, 11. G. 1 vol.; and Gilder, J. B, 1 vol, Gillette, Mrs. Lucia Fidelia WooUey. 3 vols, Gillette, Mrs. Mary S. 2 vols. Gilman, Mrs. 1 v.jl. Gilman, Clarabel. 1 vol. Gilman, Wenona. 1 vol. Gilmore, Ernest, ps. see Farley, Mrs. Helen II. Gleason, Adele A. 1 v(jl. Gleason, Ardclle B, 1 vol, Gleason, JIrs, U. B., 31, D, 1 vol, Glyndon. Howard, ps. see Searing, Mrs. Laura Catherine (Redden). 210 New Toek at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. Glynn, Mrs. Sarah Stoddard. 1 vol. Goddard, Abba A. 2 vols. Goff, Mrs. Harriet Newell Kneeland. 3 vols. Goldmark, Miss. 1 vol. Gordon. Henri, -ps. see BrinkerliofE, Mme. Clara (M). Gordon, Julien, ps. see Cruger, Mrs. Stephen Van Rensselaer. Gore, Mrs. 1 vol. Gracey, Mrs. J. T. 2 vols. Gracie, Sarah. 1 vol. Graham, Mrs. Isabella (Marshall); res. 2 vols. Grahame, Nellie, ps. see Dunning, Mrs. Annie (Ketchum). Grant, Mrs. Anne (Macvicar), 1755- 1838; res. 6 vols. Graves, Alida W. ; nat. 3 vols. Green, Mrs. Julia (Boynton); res. 1 vol. Greene, Cordelia A., M. D. ; nat. 1 vol. Greene, Mrs. M. H. Y. 2 vols. Greeuwell, Dora. 1 vol. Greenwood, Grace, ps. see Lippincott, Mrs. Sarah Jane (Clark). Grey, Alice, ps. see Matthews, Julia A. Griffith, Mattie. 2 vols. Grimke, Sarah Moore, 1792-1873. 2 vols.; ed. 1 vol. Griswold, Mrs. F. Burge (Smith). 34 vols. Guernsey, Clara Florida, 1839; nat. 18 vols.; and Guernsey, L. E. 2 vols. Guernsey, Lucy Ellen; nat. 45 vols. Gustafson, Mrs. Zadel Barnes. 2 vols. Hadle3^ Mrs. Hattie, ps. Kate E. Stan- ley. 1 vol. Haight, Mrs. Sarah (Rogers); nat. 3 vols. Hale, Gertrude Elizabeth; res. 1 vol. Hall, Arethusa; res. 5 vols. Hall, Mrs. E. M. 1 vol. Hall, Mrs. Eunice. 1 vol. Hall, Mrs. James. 1 vol. Hall, Mrs. Marcelia W. 1 vol. Hall, Mary L. 1 vol. Hall, Sarah Oakey; nat. 1 vol. Hall, Theresa Oakey; nat. 4 vols. Hallock, Mary Angeline; res. 7 vols. Hamilton, AUce King. 1 vol. Hamilton, Kate, ps. Electa; nat. 8 vols. Hammond, Mrs. L. H. 1 vol Hammond, Mrs. (Rood). 1 vol. Hamlin, Mrs. Myra Sawyer; res. 1 vol. * Hancock, Mrs. Almira (Russell). 1 vol. Hanna, Mrs. Sarah R. Foster. 2 vols. Hannah, Annie L. 1 vol. Hapgood, Isabel Florence, 1850; res. Tr. 17 vols. Harlaud, Marion, ps. see Terhune, Mrs. Mary Virginia (Hawes). Harmon, Elizabeth J. 3 vols. Harrington, Adelaide L. 1 vol. Harris, Mrs. Caroline M., 1847; nat 1 vol. Harris, Mrs. F. (McCready), ps. Hope Ledyard. 6 vols; and Merrill, J. B. 2 vols.; ed. 1 vol. Harris, Mrs. Maria Welch. 1 vol, Harris, Mrs. Miriam (Coles), 1834; res. 14 vols. Harris, Mrs. S. M. Fuller. 1 vol. Harrison, Mrs. Burton, see Harrison, Mrs. Constance (Cary). Harrison, Mrs. Constance (Cary), 1835; res. 10 vols. Harrison, Jennie. 12 vols. Hart, Imogene. 1 vol. Hart, Jlrs. Irene (Widdemer). 3 vols. Hart, Mary E. 1 vol. Hatton, Julia Ann. 1 vol. Haven, Mrs. Alice (Bradley) Neal, ps. Alice G. Lee, Cousin Alice, 1828-63; nat. 20 vols. Hawes, Mrs. Lucy Williams. 2 vols. Hawley, Helen A. 2 vols. Haynes, Mrs. Maiy Lee (Stone); nat. 3 vols. Hays, M. F. 1 vol. Hays, Mrs. W. J. 8 vols. Heaton, Mrs. Eliza Putnam; res. 1 vol. Heaton, Mrs. Ellen (Marvin). 1 vol. Hedges, Mrs. Mary Brewerton. 4 vols. Hedges, Mrs. Mary J. 3 vols. Helfenstein, Ernest, ps. see Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth Oakes (Prince). Helhnan, Mrs. Frances. Tr. 1 vol. Hemiup, Mrs. Maria Remington. 2 vols. Henderson, Mrs. Martha Tiffany. 1 vol. Henderson, Mrs. Mary F. 2 vols. Hendrick, Mrs. Mary F. 1 vol. Hendrikseu, Louise Both. 1 vol. Hensel, Octavia. 1 vol. Hepworth, Mrs. George Hughes, ps. Una Savin; res. 1 vol. Huron, Matilda, 1830-77; res. Tr. 2 vols. Herrick, Mrs. Christine (Terhune), 1859; res. 5 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. Herrick, Mrs. Sophie Bledsoe. 3 vols. Hicks, Margaret. Tr. 1 vol. Hicks, Mrs. Mary Dana. 2 vols.; and Clark, J. S., 1 vol.; and Clark, J. S., and Perry, W. S., 2 vols.; and Locke, J. C, 1 vol. Hillard, Katharine. Tr. 1 vol. Hills, Mary E. 1 vol. Hilton, Mrs. Alice Howard. 1 vol. Hinsdale, Mrs. Grace Webster; res. 2 vols. Hindman, Rebecca Irwin. 1 vol. Hodgdon, Josephine E. 8 vols. Hodges, Mrs. Katherine; res. 6 vols. Hoffman, Mary I. ; nat. 6 vols. Hogan, Kate E. ; res. 1 vol. Eepoet of Board of Women Managers. 211 Hollev, ^larietta, ps. Josiah Allen's I Wife, 18-44; nat. 13 vols. ' Holly, Glenn, ps. see Pierce, Grace M. ] Holly, Sirs. S. C. 1 vol. Holmes, Alice; res. 1 vol. Holmes, Mrs. ilary Jane (Hawes); res. 31 vols. Holroyd, Dorothy; nat. 2 vols. Holton, Mrs. Frances Keturah (Tor- ■ward), 1815; res., and Holton, D. P. 4 vols. Hood, Cora B. ; nat. 1 vol. Hooker, Fanny, ps. Erniest Hoven. 4 vols. Hooper, Lucy, 1816-41; res. 6 vols. Hope, Louie. 1 vol. Hopkins, Mrs. E. B., see Hopkins, Mrs. Sarah (Drake) Garretson. 1 vol. Hojjkins, Louisa Pa5-son. 1 vol. Hopkins, Mrs. Sarah (Drake) Garretson; res. Corap. 1 vol. Hornby, Mrs. Eliza (Benedict); nat. 3 vols. Home, Eleanora Iselin. ^L D. 1 vol. Horsford, Mrs. ilary L'Hommedieu (Gardiner), 1824-55; res. 2 vols. Houghton, j\Irs. Louise Seymour. 4 vols. Houghton, Mary. Tr. 8 vols. ; ed. 3 vols. Hoven, Erniest, ps. see Hooker, Fanny. Howe, Mrs. Julia (Ward), 1819; n.-it. 12 vols.; ed. 1 vol. Howland, Susannah R. 1 vol. Hubbard, Addie. 1 vol. Hubbard, Janette P. 1 vol. Hughes, Mrs. Matilda, ;m. Lyndon. 8 vols. Hushes. !Mrs. Reginald, see Hughes, Mrs. 3Iatilda. Hiighson, jSL-s. Delia Thomas. 3 vols. Humphrey, Mrs. Emily Jane (Trussell). 7 vols. ; tr. 1 vol. Huugerford, Jlrs. Mary C. 2 vols. Hunnibee, Kate, ps. see Lyman, Mrs. Laura E. (Baker). Hunt, Sarah Keebles. Ed. 1 vol. Hunter, Mary, ps. see Corning, Jlrs. Mary Spring. Huntington, Arria S. 1 vol. Huntington, Cornelia; nat. 3 vols. Huntington, Emil}'. 3 vols. Huntington, Faye, pis. see Foster, Mrs. Theodosia il. Huntinston, Mrs. Mary H. 4 vols. Hurd, Jessie. 1 vol. Hurlbut, Mrs, Ella C. ps. Ella. 1 vol. Huse, Mrs. Harriet Pinckney. Tr, 1 vol. Hutchinson, Mrs, A. S, 1 vol. Hutchinson, Ellen Mackay. 1 vol. Hutzler, Sara. 1 vol. Hyde, JIary F.; res. 2 vols. Linthe, ps. "see Embury, Mrs. Emma C. (Manley). Lie, Mrs. Fannie Otis (Ogden), 1853, jds. Buth Ogden. 3 vols. Ligersoll, ilrs. Ruby Ann. 1 vol. Ingmire, Katharine; nat, 1 vol, Ingraham, Mrs, Sarah R. 1 vol. Irving, Minna; nat. 3 vols. Isabel, ps. see Ritchie, Mrs, Anna Cora (Ogden) Mowatt, J, S, ;m, see Tappan, Mrs. Sarah (Jack- son) Davis, J, W. il, L, ps. see Woodruff, Mrs. J. L, M, .Tackman, Abi S. 6 vols. Jackson, Mrs. Margaret (Crawford). 1 vol. Jacobi, Mrs. Mary (Putnam), M, D., 1842; res. 6 vols. ; and White, V. A, 1 vol. James, Mrs, Edwin, 1 vol, James, Maria, 1793-1868: res, 1 vol, Jane, ps. see Stebbins, Mrs. Mary Eliza- beth (Moore) Hewitt. Jenkins, ^Irs. Helen M. Philleo; nat. 1 vol, Jobson, Mrs. Addie Melton. 1 vol. .Johnson, Anna J. 3 vols. Johnson, Elizabeth Winthrop, 3 vols. .Johnson, Mrs. Helen (Kendrick), 1843; nat. 5 vols.; ed. 4 vols. Johnson, Mrs. Herrick. 1 vol. Johnson, Laura. 1 vol. Johnson, Mrs, Laura (Winthrop), 1835- 89; res, 8 vols,; ed, 3 vols, .Johnson, !Mary Coffin, 5 vols, .lohnson, Mary Loomis. 3 vols. .Johnson, Mrs. Sarah, 1 vol, .lohnson, Virginia Wales, ps. Cousin Virginia, 1849; nat, 20 vols, Jones, A, Kate. 1 vol. Jones, Amanda Theodosia, 1835; nat. 4 vols, .Jones, ilrs. .Jane Elizabeth (Hitchcock); nat. 1 vol. Jones, Mrs. .Jennie E. 1 vol, Jones, Julia Clinton; nat. 1 vol. Jones, Mary A. Dixon, M. D. 9 pam. Josiah Allen's Wife, ps. see HoUey, Marietta, Judd, iVIrs, Laura Pish, 1804-73; nat. 1 vol, .Judson, Mrs, Emilj- C. (Chubbuck), ps. Fanny Forrester, 1817-54; nat. 14 vols, Judson, Mrs. Sarah (Hall) Boardman, 1803-45. 1 vol, ; tr, 2 vols. Julius, Julia Matilda; nat. 1 vol. .June. Jennie, jjs. see Croly, Jlrs. Jennie (Cimningham), Kaufiman, Mrs. Rosalie. 1 vol,; ed. 1 vol.; tr. 1 vol. Keating, Mrs. Ida L. (Griffin). 1 vol. Kellogg, Carrie Haviland. 1 vol, Kellogg, Mrs, Lavinia Steele, 2 vols.; ed, 1 vol. Kelly, Mrs. M. A. B. 3 vols. Kempshall, Julia A. ^m. Julia A. Willis; res. 1 vol. Kendrick, Mrs. G. A, ps. M. A. Gren- del. 1 vol. 212 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Kenmare, Nun of, see Cusack, Mary I Frances. I Kennedy, Mrs, Nathalie Sieboth. Tr. i 1 vol. Kenyon, Ellen B., d. 1885. 1 vol, Ketchum, Mrs. Annie Chambers; res. 3 vols. Keyser, Harriette A. 2 vols. Eliani, Mrs. Lilian Bayard (Taylor), 1858; res. Tr. 2 vols. Kimball, Mrs. Maria Porter (Brace). 1 vol. Kimble, Margaret. 1 vol. King, Mrs. Mary B. Allen. 1 vol. lungsbury, Mrs. Carleton A. Tr. 1 vol. Kinney, Mrs, Elizabeth C. (Dodge) Stedman; nat. 8 vols. Kirk, Eleanor, ps. see Ames, Mrs. Ellen Maria (Easterbrooks). Kirkland, Elizabeth Stansbury; nat. 4 vols. Kirkland, Mrs. Caroline Matilda (Stans- bury), ps. Mrs. Mary Clavers, 1801-64; nat. 18 vols.; and Curtis, G. W., and others. 1 vol.; ed. 1 vol. Kirk wood. Agues E. 1 vol. Kirkwood, Anna W. 1 vol. Kirkwood, Louis J. 3 vols. Kitty, Aunt, ps. see Mcintosh, Maria J. Knapp, bill's. Joseph F. seeKnapp, Mrs. Phcebe (Palmer). Knapp, Mrs, Phoebe (Palmer), ps. XTX. 2 vols. Knox, Mrs. Alice W. 2 vols.; and Knox, C. E. 1 vol. Knox, Emmeline L. 1 vol. Knox, Mary Alice; nat. 2 vols. Kowalewska, Linda de, ps. see Fulton, Mrs. Linda de K. Krause, Lydia F. ps. Barbara Yechton. 7 vols. L. A. W. ps. see Dale, Mrs. Ida A. L, H. M. 2 vols. La Fontaine, Richard A. 3 vols. La Grange, Magdalene I. 1 vol. Lake, Annie, ps. Philip Shirely. 1 vol. Lamb, Mrs. Martha Joanna Reade (Nash). 1839-93. 17 vols. ; ed. 2 vols. Lamsen, Mrs. J. W. 2 vols. Langford, Mrs. Laura Carter (Hallo- way); res. 11 vols.; ed. 4 vols.; tr. 2 vols. Lanza, Clara, Marquise. 3 vols.; and Hammond, W. A. 1 vol. Earned, Augusta, 1835; nat. 11 vols.; ed. 1 vol. Lasher, Mrs. 1 vol. Lathbury, Mary X. 1841; nat. 9 vols. Lathrop, Mrs. C. ; res. 1 vol. Lathrop, Clarissa Caldwell. 1852-93; nat. 1 vol. Lathrop, Elise L. Tr. 4 vols. Lawrence, Elizabeth, ps. EHzabeth Wel- ler; Gorham Silva, 2 vols. Lazarus, Emma, 1849-87; nat. 6 vols. ; tr. 1 vol Ledyard, Hope, ps. see Harris, Mrs F, (McCready). Lee, Mrs. Frank. 1 vol. Lee, Margaret. 14 vols. Lee, Mary A. Born. 1 vol. Lee, Mary B,; res. 11 vols. Lee, Mary V., M. D. 8 vols. Lee, Patty, ps. see Cary, Alice. Lee, Sara L. Saunders, 1 vol. LeFavre, Mrs, Carrica. 3 vols. Lemcke, Gesine. 1 vol. Lemmon, Mrs. Sarah Plummer; res. 3 vols. Lennox, Mrs. Charlotte (Ramsay), 1720-1804 nat. 12 vols.; tr. 3 vols. Leonowens, Mrs. Anna Harriette (Craw- ford), 1834; res. 4 vols. Le Plongeon, Mrs. Alice D. ; res. 1 vol. Le Row, Caroline B. , res. 8 vols. Leslie, Eliza, 1787-1858: res. 11 vols.; ed. 1 vol, Leslie, Mrs. Frank; res. 2 vols. Leslie, Madeline, ps. see Baker, Mrs. H. N. W. Lester, Helen W. Tr. 1 vol. Levin, E. M. 4 vols. Levy, Fanny G. 1 vol. Lewis, Eliza Gabriella. 1 vol. Lewis, Mrs. Harriet. 10 vols. Lewis, Mrs. Estelle Anna Blanche (Robinson), 1834r-80; res. 9 vols,; tr. 1 vol. Libbey, Laura Jean, 1864; res. 35 vols. Lillie, Mrs. Lucy Cecelia, 1855; res. 15 vols. Lincoln, Mrs. Jeanie (Gould). 3 vols. Lincoln, Mrs. Martha D., ps. Bessie Beech. 2 vols. Linn, Mrs. Edith (Willis); res 1 vol. Lippincott, Mrs. Sarah Jane (Clark), ps. Grace Greenwood, 1823; nat, 19 vols. Lippmann, Julie M. ; res. 1 vol. Litchfield, Grace Denio, 1849; nat. 7 vols. Little, Mrs. C. M. 1 vol. Livermore, Mrs. Mary Ashton (Rice); res. 4 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. Lloyd, Mrs. Harriett Raymond, 1840. 1vol. Lloyd, Mrs. Sophia Webster. 1 vol. Lockwood, Ellen M. Comp. 1 vol. Lockwood, Mary S. 1 vol. Logan, Celia, see Connelly, Mrs. Celia (Logan). Logan, Olive, see Sikes, Mrs. Olive (Logan). Logie, Mrs. Sarah E. (Chester). 13 vols. Longstreet, Mrs. Abby Buchanan, 7 vols. Lothrop. Amy, ps. see Warner, Anna Bartlett. Loughborough, Mrs. Mary Webster, 1836-87; nat. 3 vols.; ed. 1 vol. Love, Mrs. Sarah (Tooker). 1 vol. Lovelace, Kate R. 1 vol. TjKi'oin- iiF "BdAKii (IF Women Managers. 213 Lowell, JIi's. Jiisi'phiue Shaw. iS vols, Luilhmi, Jnui KiUc, ISOli-D'J. II vols. Liuit'ttos, lU'ury, yw. sw Coukliug, Mari^'iu'ot C'ockburii. Lyall, Mrs. T, M. 1 vol. Lvman, Haima Willnril, lSlG-71; res, 1 vol, Lj-nuin, jMrs. Laura E. (Baker), ;w. Kate llunnibee, 1831 ; res., and Lyman, J, 15. 1 vol. Lyndou, jk. see Hushes, Mrs. Matilda. M. ('. F. /:s. see Cusack, Mary Prances. M. K. see jMcrlelInn, Kate. McAllister, E., M. D 1 pam. JlcAliiiue, Mrs. Stella (Parrington) ; nat. * iJ vols. .MeCaliill, Mrs. A. Lyndsay (McGregor). 4 vols. McCall, Mary ,1. 1 vol. iMcC.'irthy, Mrs. E. M. Tr. 1 vol. Muel'artiiy, j\lrs, Enniia W. 2 vols. McClellau, Kate, 7 vols. McCorniick, Grace. 1 vol. McDonald, Jlrs. LucretiaP.: nat. I vol. McDonald, M. A, 1 vol. JIcDonald, Mrs. Mary N. Uleecker, see I\lrii;s, Mrs. Mary Noel Bleecker Me- J)onald. Mcll.-irg. Fannie Pavey ; res. 1 vol. Mcintosh, Maria J., ps. Aunt Kitty, IMiia-7S; res. 24 vols. .Mc.Mahon. Ella. 2 vols. ; tr. 1 vol. jMc Malum, .Mary. 1 vol. McXntt, Sarali .J., M. I). 4 vols. JIc(.2iieen, .Mrs. Maiy (Harris), G vols. Mahie, Grace; res. 1 vol. Maltbic, .Mrs. A. ('. 2 vols. Mann, Nellie A., ^w. see Manville, Mrs. Helen Adelaide (Wood). Manncring, .May, /«. see Nowcll, Mrs. Harriet Putnam (flardy). Milliners. .Mi's., /w. sec Uiehards, Mrs. C'liniclia Ilolrciyd (Bradley I. .Manville, .Mrs. Helen Adelaide (Wood), ]is. Nellie A. .Mann, 1889; nat. 1 vol. Marliourg, Dolores 1 vol. Marbury, Eli/abelh; nat. 1 vol. Marsh, .Julia, jix. see Parsons, Mrs. .Martin, iMrs. Cornelia Williams. 7 veils.; and Powers. 1 vol. .Martin, Mrs. Elizabeth Gilbert. 1 vol.; tr. () vols.- .Martin, Mrs. Victoria (Clatlin) Wood- hull. 4 vols. .Martyn, Li/.zie Stanley. 1 vol. .Martvn, Mrs. Sarah Towne (Smith), lsii.-,-7!), res. 1« vols.; ed. 2 vols. .Marvin, Lydia Hooper. 1 vol. Mary Frances CHare, Sister, see Cusack, Mary Prances. Mason, Mrs. Fannie W., pn. Mary Prances. 1 vol. .Mason, Mrs. .Marie Louise; nat. 1 vol. .Mason, >hu'y .Murdock. 1 vol. Mather, jMrs. A. Palmer; res. 1 vol. Mather, Mrs. Helen. 1 vol. Mathews, .loanna H.; nat. 43 vols, and Mathews, .1. A. 1 vol. Mathews, .Julia A. ps. Alice Gray; nat. 2U vols. Mathews, Mrs, W. E. 4 vols. Malson, ('ora A. 1 vol. Matteson, Mrs. Jfrances 1'"'. ; res. 1 vol. May, Caroline; res. 4 vols.; ed. 2 vols. Maynard, .Mrs. Thomas, and Haskell, Mrs. ".1. L. 1 vol. Mcan-her. .Mrs. A. G. (l)e Blossieres). 'I'r. 1 vol. Meigs, Mrs. Mary Noel Bleecker Mo Donald; nat. ii vols. Melva, pa. see Dimon, Mrs. Mendell, Miss, and llosnier, iMiss. t vol. Merington, Marguerite; res. 1 comedy. Merriam, Florence A.; res. 1vol. Merrill, .lennie B,, ps. D. 2 vols. ; and Crafts, Mrs. W. P. 2 vols. ; and Harris, jMrs. P. (McCready). 2 vols. Morritt, Anna. Lea; res, 1 vol. Meyer, Mrs. .Vnnie (Nathan). I vol.; ed. 1 vol. Milinowski, Harriot Kaiisoni. 'I'r. I vul, Millard, l.yilia .M. 2 vols. Miller, .Mrs. lOlizabclb (Smith). 1 vol. Miller. Mrs. Harriet (Mann), pn. Olive 'riiorne Miller, IHHl; nat, II vols. .Miller, .Mary C. 1") vols. Miller, Mrs.' Mary Uice. 14 vols. Miller, Olive Thorne, ps. see Miller, Mrs. Harriet (Mann) Minard, Fliza C., M. Mitcliell, Ellen M. Mitchell, Mrs. Mary I vol.; tr. ii vols. Mi.xer, Mrs. Mary E. Modet, Helen, i vol. Moe, Adelaide T. I vol. Monk, Maria, 1H17-r)(); rei Montgomery, K. IL; nat. Moiirc, .Vugusta, 1828; res, Moore, Helen. I vol. Moore, Susan Tcacklc. I vol. Morehouse, Mrs. .Julia, Hunt. Morey, Amelia. 1 vol. Morgan, Anna; nat. 1 vol. Morgan, Mrs. Caroline Starr. Morgan, Mary E. I vol. Jlorley, .Margaret Warner. 1 vol. Morris, Anne ('ary; nat. Ed. 1 vol. Morrison, i\lary. 3 vols. .Mor.se, Mrs. Charlotte Dunning (Wo.id), /IS. (Charlotte Dunning, ii vols. Morion, Margaret. 4 vols. Mosher, Eliza M., M. J). I! vols. Mudge, Caroline, ps. Agnes Dudleigh; res. 1 vol. Muller, Donizetta. 1 vol. Mulligan, Charlotte. Ed. 1 vol. Murdeii, .Mrs. Eliza. 1 vol. .Murphy, Blanch Elizabeth .Mary Annunciata (Noel), IHfiO-Hl; res. 1 vol. Murray, Hannah Lindley, 1777-l«ii0 ; nat. 1 vol.; tr. 4 vols. D. vol A. i vols. (Laloi 1 vol. ); res. 2 vols. 1 vol. I vol. 1 vol. vols. 214 New York at the "World's Columbian Exposition. Muzzy, Mrs. Ann. 1 vol. Muzzy, Mrs. Harriett. 1 vol. Myer.s, Lillie E. Tr. 1 vol. Mygiitt, Mary Dickinson. 1 vol. Nevius, Mrs. Helen S. C. 1 vol. New, Mrs. Lisabetb A. (Parmalee). 3 vols. Newcomb, E. Kittie. 1 vol. Newman, .Mrs. John Philip. 3 vols.; comp. 3 vols. Nichols, Mrs. Ida P. 1 vol. Nicliols, Mrs. Mary (Neal) Sergeant Gore, ])(■: Mary Orme, 1810; res. 3 vols. Nicholas. Mrs. Emily E. 1 vol. Nicol, Mary E. 1 vol. Nitsch, Mrs. Helen Alice, ps. Catherine Owen, d. 1889. 9 vols. Noble, Annette Lucille, 1844; nat. 19 vols; and E. B. Keeney. 1 vol. Noma, ps. see Brooks, Mrs. Mary E. (Aiken). Norris, Mary Harriott. 7 vols.; ed. 4 vols. Norton, Mrs. Emma E. 1 vol. Nourse, Mrs. Laura A. (Barney) Sun- derlin, 1836; nat. 1 vol. Nowell, Mrs. Harriett Putnam (Hardy), ps. May Maunering. 6 vols. Nuu of Kenmare, see Cusack, Mary Frances. Oakey, Emily SuUivan, 1839-83. 3 vols. Oakey, Maria R. see Dewing, Mrs. Maria R. (Oakey). Oaklej', Julia, and Bussing, Mrs. John. 1 vol. Ober, Mrs. Carolyn Paville, nat.; and Westover, Cynthia. 1 vol. O'Connor, Mrs. Evangeline Maria (Johnson); nat. 1 vol. ; comp. 3 vols. O'Donnell, Helen; nat, 1 vol. ; tr. 1 vol. O'Donnell, Jessie P. ; nat. 3 vols. ; comp. 1 vol. 0.gden. Ruth, ps. see Ide, Mrs. Fannie Otis"(Ogden). Olin, Mrs. Julia Matilda (Lynch), 1814- 79; nat. 11 vols.; ed. 3 vols.' Orme, Mary, ps. see Nichols, Mrs. Mary (Neal) Sargeant Gore. Ormsbee, Mrs. Agnes Bailey. 1 vol. Osgood, Mrs. Finances Sargent (Locke). ps. Florence, 1811-50; res. 9 vols. Ovington, Irene H. ; nat. 1 vol. ; comp. 1vol. Owen, Catherine, ps. see Nitsch, Mrs. Helen Alice. *.' Owen, Mrs. Cunliff, ps. Marquise de Fontenoy; res. 1 vol. Pacheco, Mrs, Romaldo; res. 3 vols. Packard, Mrs. Clarissa. 1 vol. Paine, Caroline. 1 vol. Paine, Meta Roberts Peningtou, 1837- 85; res. Tr. 1 vol. Palmer, Mrs. Anna (Campbell), ps. Mrs. George Archibald, 1854; nat. 4 vols. Palmer, Mrs. Fanny Purdy; nat. 1 vol. Palmer, Henrietta Lee, 1834; res. 3 vols.; tr. 1 vol. Palmer, Lynde, ps. see Peebles, Mrs. Mary Louise (Parmelee). Palmer, Mrs. Pha?be (Worrell), 1807-74; nat. 10 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. Palmer, Mrs. Rebecca Learned. 1 pam. Pansy, ps. see Alden, Mrs. Isabella (Mac- donald). Pardon, Emma L. ; res. 1 vol. Parker, Mrs. Bessie (Chandler) ; res. 1 vol. Parker, Mrs. Cornelixis. 1 vol. Parker, Mrs. Helen (Pitch), 1837-74; nat. 9 vols. Parker, Marie Louise. 1 vol. Parker, Mrs. Permelia Jane (Marsh), 1836; nat. 33 vols.; adapter, 3 vols. Parmele, Mrs. Mary. 5 vols. Parmelee, Mrs. Helen L. 1 vol. Parrish, F. E. 1 vol. Parry, Fannie. 1 vol. Parsons, Mrs. ps. Julia Marsh. 3 vols. Parsons, Mrs. Eliza D. W. 1 vol. Parton, Mrs. Sara Payson (Willis) El- dredge, ps. Fanny Fern, 1811-73; res. 10 vols. Patton, Mrs. Abby (Hutchinson), 1839- 93; res. 1 vol. Payne, Mrs. Alice Huntley. 1 vol. Peabody, Mrs. Mark, ps. see Victor, Mrs. Metta Victoria (Fuller). Peabody, Mrs. Sarah Roberts (Boyle), 1813-69; res. 8 vols. Peebles, Mrs. Mary Louise (Parmelee), ps. Lynde Palmei\ 1833; nat. 11 vols, Peckham, Mrs. Lucy (Gore) Creemer, 1843; res. 1 vol. Penny, L. 6 vols. Penny, Virginia, 1836; res. 3 vols. Percy, Florence, ps. see Allen, Mrs. Elizabeth (Chase) Akers. Perkins. Mrs. B. B. 1 vol. Perry, Anna; res. 8 vols. Peter, Mrs. Mary L. 1 vol.' Pettitt, Amelia V. C. 3 vols. Phelps, Mrs. Almira (Hart) Lincoln, 1793-1884; res. 31 vols.; and Willard, Emma. Ed. 1 vol. ; tr. 1 vol, Pickard, Mrs. Kate E. R. 1 vol. Pierce, Mrs. Elizabeth (Cununings); nat. 4 vols. Pierce, Grace M. ps. Glen Holly. 1 pam. Piersou, Mrs. Helen W. 3 vols. Pierson, L.ydia Jane. 3 vols. Piffard, Nina Haight. 1 vol. Pitman, Mrs. Mana J. (Davis), ps. Mar- gery Deane, 1847-88; nat. 3 vols. Pitts, Nina, ps. Christine Carlton; nat. 4 vols. Pollard, Josephine, 1840; nat. 33 vols.; and Vincent, J. H. 1 vol. ; ed. 1 vol. ; tr. 1 vol. Pool, Maria Louise. 6 vols. Report of Board of Women Managers. 215 Poole, Mrs Hester M. 1 vol. Poor, Laura Elizabeth. 1 vol.; ed. 1 vol. Porter, Mary J. 1 vol. Porter, Rose ; nat. 26 vols., ed. 11 vols. Post. Loretta J. 1 vol. Post, Mrs. Mary A, 1 vol. Potter, Helen. 3 vols. Potter, V. JI. 1 voL PoweU, Anna W, 1 vol. Powell, Mrs. Mary (Walrath) ; nat. 3 vols. Powers, Mrs. O. A, 1 vol. Pratt, Mrs. Ella (Panuan). jis. Dorothea Alice -Shepherd ; nat. 13 vols. ; ed. 1 vol; tr. 1 vol. Pratt, Frances Hammond. 1 vol. Pratt, Mrs. Frances Lee i res. 5 vols. Pratt, Mrs. Sophia 0. 1 vol. Preece. Mrs. Louise. 1 vol. Prentice. Mrs. Jennie B. 2 vols. Prentiss, Caroline Edwards. 1 vol. Prentiss, ^li'S Elizabeth (Payson) ps. Aunt Susan, 1823-78 ; res. 37 vols. Proctor, Edna Dean, 1838 ; res. 4 vols.; ed. 3 vols. Pruyn. Mrs. Mary. 1 vol. Pumpelly. Mrs. Mary Hollenback (Welles). 1803-79 : res. 4 vols. Putnam, Mrs. Katharine Hunt, 1793- 1869; res. 3 vols. Putnam, j\Irs. Sallie A. Brock ; res. 4 vols Quincy, Mrs. Ehza Susan (Morton), 1773-1850; nat. 1 vol. Quincy, Eliza Susan. 1 vol. Eabb, M. Josephine Griffith. 1 vol. RadclifEe, Alida Graveraet. 4 vols. Ragozin, Mme. Zenaide Alexeievna. 1835 3 vols. Ralston, Harriet N. ; nat. 3 vols. Rand. Mary Abbott. 1 vol. Rtinkin, Frances Wolcott. 1 vol. Ray, Florence T , and Ray, H. Cor- delia. 1 vol. Ray. H. Cordelia. 1 vol. Ra3-raond, Mrs. Evelj'n Hunt. 3 vols. Redtield, Jlrs. Ann Maria (Treadwell) ; res. 3 vols. Rees, Mrs. Janet E. Ruutz. 3 vols. Religionis, Arnica, ps. see Dodge, Mrs. H M. Re Qua, Harriet Warner. 3 vols. Rice, Mrs. Clark. Rice, Lita Angelica. 1 vol.: tr. 1 vol. Rice, Mary L. 1 vol. Rich, Mrs. Helen Hinsdale. 1 vol. Richards. Mrs. Cornelia Holroyd (Brad- ley), ps. Mrs. Planners; nat. 7 vols. Richardson. Mrs. Abby (Sage) ; res. 6 vols.; ed. 2 vols. Richmond, Mrs. Euijhemia (.Johnson) ; nat. 18 vols. Rickoff, Bertha Monroe. 1 vol. Rickoff. Rebecca D. 4 vols. Ricord, Mrs. Elizabeth ; res. 3 vols. Ripley, Eliza McHatton. 1 vol. Ripley, Mary A. 2 vols. Ritchie, Mrs. Anna Cora (Ogden) Mo- watt, ps. Isabel ; Helen Berkley, 1834^70; res. 15 vols. Ritter, Mrs. Fanny Raymond, 1850-90. 6 vols.; tr. 3 vols. Robbins, Mrs. Eliza E. 15 vols. ed. 1 vol. Roberts, Miss, ps. Mrs. Nemo. 2 vols. Robinson, Mrs. 3Iary Stevens, ps. M. Chester. 1 vol. Robinson. _ Mrs. Therese Albertine Louise (von jakob), ps. Taivi, Ernst Ber- tholdo, 1797-1869; res. 13 vols.; tr. 4 vols. Rockwood, Mrs. Caroline Washburn. 3 vols. Roe, Martha, i vol. Roe, Mary A.; nat. 3 vols. Rogers, Bessie C. 2 vols. Rohlfs, Mrs. Anna Katharine (Green). 14 vols. Rollins, Mrs. Alice AVellington. 6 vols. Roseboro, Viola. 1 vol. Rosenfeld, Genie Haltzmeyer. 3 vols. Roundej', Mary. 1 vol. Rouse, Adelaide Louise, 1863; nat. 3 vols. Rouse, Mrs. Lydia L. (Whipple). 13 vols. Rowson, Mrs. Susanna (Haswell), 1768- 1824; res. 11 vols.; ed. 1 vol. Rowley, Mary S. 3 vols. Royce. Naucy. 1 vol. Rude, Mrs. Ellen Sergeant: nat. 1 vol. Rumsey, Mrs. Bronson C. 1 vol. Rush, Mrs. Caroline E. Stevens. 2 vols. S. J., ps. see Tappan, Mrs. Sarah (Jack- son) Davis. Sadller, Agnes L. 4 vols. ; tr. 5 vols. Sadlier, Anna Theresa, 1854; res. 6 vols ; tr. 17 vols. Sadlier, Mrs. Marj' Anne (Madden), 1820; res. 31 vols: tr. 27 vols.; ed. 5 vols. Sage, Agnes Carr. 3 vols. St.^Felix, Mrs. Marie. 1 vol. St. John, Mrs. A. R. (Monroe); res. 1 vol. St. John, Cynthia Morgan. 1 vol. Salmon, Lucy M. ; res. 1 vol. Sanborn, Katharine Abbott; nat. 7 vols; comp. 4 vols. Sanford, Mrs. D. P. 7 vols. Sauford, Mrs. Mary Fred. 1 vol. Sangster, Mrs. Margaret E. (Munson), 1838; nat. 9 vols. Savin, Una, p«. see Hepworth, Mrs. George Hughes. Sawtelle, H. L. 1 vol. Sawyer, Mrs. Caroline Mehetable (Fisher), 1812; res. 3 vols.; ed. 4 vols.; tr. 2 vols. SchoU, Mrs. William N. 1 vol. Schoolcraft, Mrs. Mary Howard; res. 1 vol. Scribner, 3Irs. John W. 1 voL 216 New Yoek at the Woklu's Columbian Exposition. Scudder, Mary Hedley. 2 vols. Searing, Mrs. Anna E. (Pidgeon); res 2 vols. Searing, Mrs. Laura Catherine (Redden), ps. Howard Glyndon, 1840; res. 4 vols.; tr. 1 vol. Sedgwick, Catherine Maria, 1789-1867, res. 20 vols. ; ed. 1 vol. Sedgwick, Mrs. Susan Ridley, 1789- 1867 : res. 5 vols. Seelye, Mrs. Elizabeth Eggleston ; res. 1 vol.; and Eggleston, Edward. 4 vols. Serrano, Mrs. Mary Jane (Christie). 1 vol. : tr. 22 vols Seton. Mrs. Elizabeth Ann (Bayley), 1774-1821 ; nat. 1 vol. Seward, Olive Risley. 1 vol. ; ed. 1 vol. Shackleford, E. A and Sands, Miss, Stories by E. A. B. S. 10 vols, Shacklock, Caroline Baile}'. 1 vol. Shaw. Mrs, Clara S. Weeks. 1 vol. Sheldon, Grace Carew. 1 vol. Sheldon, Lurana W. 2 vols. Shepherd, Dorothea Alice, ps. see Pratt, Mrs. Ella (Farman). Sherman. jNIrs. Sarah Maria Gibson, 181.1-78 ; nat. 1 vol. Sherwood, Mrs. Mary E. (Wilson), 1830; res. 9 vols. Sherwood, Mrs. Rosina (Emmet). 1 vol. Shirlej'. Philip, /«. see Lake, Annie. Sikes, Mrs Olive (Logan), 1841 ; nat. 8 vols. Silliman, Mrs. Anna Strong. 1 vol. Silliman, Mrs. 6. S. 1 vol. Silsby, Mrs, Mary R. Comp. 1 vol. Silva, Gorham, ps. see Lawrence, Eliza- beth. Skeel, Adelaide. 1 vol. Skelding, Susie Barstow ; nat. Comp. 4 vols. Sleight, Mary B. 6 vols. Slenker, Mrs. Elmina Drake ; nat. 4 vols. Slick, Jonathan, ps. see Stephens, Mrs. Ann Sophia (Winterbotham), Slossou, Annie Trumbull ; res. 2 vols. Smiley, Sarah F. 3 vols. Smith, Anna R,, 1855. 1 vol. Smith, Clara Bickford. 1 vol. Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth A. : res. 3 vols. Smith, Mrs. Elizabeth Oakes (Prince), jM. Ernest Helfenstein, 1806, res. 23 vols. Smith, Mrs. Emehnc Sherman, 1823; nat. 2 vols. *.- Smith, Emilv James. Tr. 1 vol. Smith, j\lrs." Ermiunie Adelle (Piatt), 1836-86 ; nat. 1 vol. Smith, Fannv Morris, 3 vols. Smith. Florence, 1845-71 ; nat. 1 vol. Smith, Helen Ainslie. 9 vols. Smith, Mrs. J. Luella (Dowd), 1847; res. 2 vols. Smith, Mrs. Jeanie Oliver (Davidson) ; nat. vols. Smith, Juliet C. 1 vol. Smith, Kate H. 1 vol. Smith, M, M. 1 vol. Smith, Mrs, Margaret T. 1 vol. Smith, Martha A. ; nat. 2 vols. Smith, Mary E. ps. Christine Fabre. 3 vols. Smith, Mrs. Mary Louise (Riley), 1843 ; nat. 6 vols. Smith, Mrs, Mary Prudence (Wells), ps. P. Thorne, 1840 . nat. 6 vols. Smith, Mrs. Sarah Louisa (Hickman), 1811-33; res. 1 vol. Smith, Zilpha. 1 vol. Snedeker, Florence Waters. 1 vol. Somers, Mrs. Clare F. 1 vol. Sophrouia, Aunt, ps. see AVright, Mrs. Juiia (McNair) Soule, Mrs. Caroline A. (White), 1824 ; nat. 4 vols. ; ed. 5 vols. Southwortb, Mrs. Emma Dorothy Eliza (Nevitte), 1819 ; res. 64 vols. Spalding, Mrs. Susan Maar ; res. 1vol. Sparkle, Sophy, ps. see Erkenbroch, Mrs. Jennie Hicks. Spear, Mar}' A. 1 vol Spellman, Mrs. Frances R. 1 vol. Spencer, Mrs. Cordelia Phillips ; nat. 2 vols. Spencer, Louise. 1 vol. Spencer., Mrs. Sara Andrews, 1837 ; nat. 3 vols. Spencer, Mrs. Maiy Clare; nat. 2 vols. Spratt, Mrs. Dora E. W. 3 vols. Staats, Johanna. 1 vol. Stanley, Charlotte M. 3 vols. Stanley, Kate B., ])s. see Hadley, Mrs. Hattie, Stansbury, Mary Anna Phinuey, 1843; nat. 1 vol. Stanton, Mrs. Ehzabeth (Cady), 1816; nat. 1 vol.; and Anthony, S. B. and Gage, Mrs. M. J. Ed. 1 vol. Starkweather, Amelia Minerva; nat. 1 vol. Stebbins. Emma, 1815-83; nat. 1 vol. Stebbins, Genevieve. 1 vol. Stebbins, Mrs. Mary Elizabeth (Moore) Hewitt, ps. Jane, 1800; res. 6 vols. Steele, Mrs. Eliza R. 4 vols. Steele, Mrs. Esther Baker. 10 vols.; joint author. Steele, Mrs. Frances M. ; nat., and Ad- ams, Mrs. E. L. (Steele). 1 vol. Steele, Mrs. Margaret Conkling; nat, 2 vols.; tr. 1 vol. Stephens, Mrs. Ann Sophia (Winter- botham), 2}s. Jonathan Slick, 1813-86; res. 25 vols. ; ed. 2 vols. Sterne, Stuart, ps. see Bloede, Gertrude. Stewart, Mrs. Electra Sheldon; nat. 1 vol. Stoddard, Mrs. Elizabeth Drew (Bar- stow), 1833; res. 5 vols. Stoddard, Lavinia Stone, 1787-1823. 1vol. Report of Board of Women Managers. 217 Stone, Mrs. Mary Amelia. 2 vols. Storrs, Mrs. Annie Blount. 1 vol. Stow, Mrs. J. W. 3 vols. Stranahan, Mrs. Clara Cornelia (Harri- son); res. 1 vol. Stuart, Mrs. Ruth McEuery. 2 vols. Stursjis, Mrs. Mary Little. 1 vol. Susan. Aunt, ps. see Prentiss. Mrs. Elizabeth (Paysou). Sutton, Katharine Paine. 1 vol. Sverdua. Mrs. Ambrose. 1 vol. Swanzy. Jlrs. Watie W. 1 vol. Swezy, Mrs. Jeunett. 1 vol. Tacita, ps. 1 vol. Taff, Matilda. 1 vol. Tftft, Sophia A. 1 vol. Talvi, p-v. see Robinson, Mrs. Therese Albertine Louise (von .Jakob). Tappan. Sarah. 1 vol. Tappan. Mrs. Sarah i Jackson) Bavis, ps. S. J.: res. 1 vol Taylor. Belle Gray. 1 vol. Taylor, Eliza Dean. 1 vol. Taylor, Mrs. Marie (Hansen), 1829; res. 1 vol.: and Scudder. H. E. Ed. 4 vols.: tr. 6 vols. Taylor, Mrs. 3Iartha C. JIasters. 1 vol. Teii Eyck, Ehzaheth Wendell. 3 vols. Tenney, Mrs. Abby Gore; res. 2 vois. Tennev, Mrs. Sarah M. (Brownson), 1839-76;" res. 3 vols. Terhune. Mrs. Mar}' Virginia (Hawcs). ]/s. ^M.irion Harland, 1837?: res. 33 vols, Thalheimer, Mary Elsie. 6 vols. TheodoU, Lily. 1 vol. Thomas, Edith Matilda, 1834; res. 9 vols. Thomas, Julia, and Thomas, Annie. 2 vols. Thompson, Mrs. Amira. 1 vol. Thompson, Mary S. 1 vol. Thompson, Mrs. William, ps. Clara Belle, 1846-86; res. 1 vol. Thorne, P., ps. see Smith, Mrs. Mary Prudence (Wells). 1 vol. Thurston, Clara. 1 vol. Tiljbals, Mrs. Marion Heath, 1854; nat. 1 vol. Tijrer Lily, ps. see Blake, Mrs. Lillie (Dev(?reuxl Umsted. Timlow, Mrs. Caroline E. (Wood), 1829- 91; nat. .1 vol. Titcomi), Virginia Chandler. 8 vols. Todrig, Mrs. L. U. 2 vols. Tousey, Elizabeth. 1 vol. Townsend, Virginia F. 3 vols. Tracey, Sara C. Tr. 1 vol. Trask, Mrs. Spencer; res. 1 vol. Tucker, Elizabeth S. 1 vol. Tucker, !Mary Eliza; res. 3 vols. Tupper, Mrs. Edith (Sessions). 2 vols. TurnbuU, Mrs. Prances Litchfield; nat. 3 vols. Tuttle, Mrs. Marv McArthur. 1 vol. Twing. Mrs. A. t. Ed. 1 vol. Tyler, Jessica Gilbert. Tr. 1 vol. 2S Tyler, Josephine. 2 vols. Una, ps. see Ford, Mrs. Mary A. (Mc- Muliin). Upham, Caroline E. 1 vol. Upton, Mrs. Louise R. 1 vol. Van Allen, J. A. 1 vol. Vanderbilt, Mrs. Gertrude LefEerts. 4 vols. Van Deusen, Mrs. Mary Westbrook. 6 vols Van Kirk, Agnes. 1 vol. Van Nostrand, Mrs. D. H. 1 vol. Van Rensselaer, Mrs. John King, 1848 ; nat 2 vols.; ed. 2 vols. Van Rensselaer, Mrs. Mariana (Oris- wold), 18.51 ; nat. 6 vols. Van Schaack, Eliza T. 1 vol. Van Wagenen. Mrs. Cornelia Pierre- pont. 1 vol Van Wagenen, Evelyn Pierrepont. 1 vol. Van Woglam, Charlotte R., see Bangs, Mrs. Charlotte R. (Woglam). Vaughan, Virginia, 2 vols. Verdenal, Mrs, D, F.; res. 1 vol. Victor, Mrs. Frances Auretta (Fuller) BaiTett ps. Florence Fane, 1826 : nat. 9 vols.; and Victor, JNlrs M. V. (Fuller). 2 vols. Victor. Mrs. Metta Victoria (Fuller), ps. j\Irs. Mark Peabody : Seeley Register ; Singing Sybil, 1831-85 ; res. 21 vols., and VictorrMrs. F. A (Fuller) Ed. 1 mag. Vingut Mrs. Gertrude (Fairfield), 1830; res. 3 vols. ■ ed. 1 vol. Vining, Helen Sherwood. 2 vols. Virginia, Cousin, ps. see Johnson, Vir- ginia Wales. W. M. L. J,, ps. see Woodruff, Jirs. J. L M. Wadsworth, Olive A., ps. see Dana, Mrs. Katherine Floyd. Wagnalls, Mabel 1 vol. WaHace, Mrs, E. D. 1 vol. Walsh, Mme. Marie. 5 vols. Walworth, Mrs. Ellen (Hardin), 1832 ; res. 3 vols. ; ed. 1 mag. Walworth, Ellen Hardin, the Younger, 1858 ; nat. 3 vols. Walworth, Mrs. Jeaunette Ritchie (Had- ermann), 1837 ; res. 18 vols. Walworth, Reubena Hyde, 1867 ; res. 1 vol. Wandle, J. T. 8 vols. Ware, Mrs. Katharine Augusta (Rhoades), 1797-1843; res. 1 vol.; ed. 1 vol. Warner, Anna Barlett, ps. Amy Loth- rop, 1820; nat. 30 vols.; and Warner, Susan. 30 vols. Warner, Helen P. 4 vols. Warner, Lucy Hamilton. 1 vol. Warner, Susan, ps. Ehzaheth Wether- ell, 1819-85 ; nat. 38 vols. W^ashhurn, E, W. 1 vol. Washburn, Mrs. J. A. I. 1 vol. , 218 Nnw ^'()i:k at 'I'iiv; Woui.d's (1oliimi)I(\n Exi'osttion. Waslibuni, .Iciiii HriK-'c, 2 vols. VViislil)urii, jMr.s. Miriiuii Sloi'i'.s; viw. I vol. WashiiiKtoii, Mis. \Awy II. (VViilkcr); ri's. 3 vols. Wulonniiii, iMiu-niiri't I'. Tr. 1 vol, VViiUinimii, iMi's! Miiry Bissoll, ]h;!(!-8(). vols. Wiilcrs, Mrs. ('liira (lOvsUiiic) (Uciiicnl., lH;t-l. H vols.; mill IliiMoii, Liiwnwic.i', 1 vol.; I.r. a vols.; cd. I vol, VViil.soii, Aii(4'usUi Ciuiiiibcll, 1859; iial.. 1 vol. WaiiKli, Ilia. 1 vol. Wiaivci'. Mrs. Anna I). I vol, WiM'il, VAU. I vol. Weoil, Kiiiily Stuart. I vol. Wi'lliT, Ciitliciiiio. .1 vol. Wi'llc!!', Eli/.abctli, ps. sou Luwniiu^o, mizaliotli. Wells, Mm. Lilian F. !i vols. Welsh, lOiunia A. 3 vols. Wiist, Mortlia. 1 vol. Wi'sloott, Mavfjiirct. I vol. Weston, Mrs. Mary ('atlicrino (North), 183!)-H3; iiat. 7 vols. WetliLToll, Elizabeth, pn. hvv. Warner-, Susan. Wliealoii, (':iiii|ibi'll, /M. see ( 'uiiipliell, Mrs. Helen. Wlieeler, Mrs. Caiiilaec. I vol. WlieeloeU, Jnliii Manlier. 1 vol. Wliileher, Mrs. h'raiiees Miriam (Herry), p.i. Kraiik, 1813-53; iiat. J! vols. Whileher, Mrs. Martha. N. (Ward); nat. 3 vols. Whiteoinli, Ilia. I vol. White, Mrs. .\le.\iiia (Mense); nut. I vol. White, Mine. I,. \.. il. 187!). 1 vol. While, Mr.s. Hhoila KH/.abeth (Water- man), /in. Uiii'le Hen; nat. 5 vols. Wliitoii, Mary H.; res. ICil. I vol. Whittlesey, Mrs. A. G. JCil. 1 nni.u-. Wieks, Mrs Mary Head; nat. I vol. VViekes, Mrs. Cyntliia-i I vol. Wiel.iii!;-, Mary lOli/ahetli. I vol. Wiuu'ln, ]\Ii's. Kale Doiiu'las. 7 vols. Wiiliour, ('harlotle lieebe, I vol. Wilcox, Mrs. Klla (Wheeler), |S.|,5; res. ]l vols. Wildriek, Mrs. Marion (Wliite); res. A. vols. Wilkins, Kva. I! vols. Wilkinson, Mrs. Klla (('nine). 3 vols. Willaril, Mrs. lOniina (Hart), 1787-1870; res. 34 vols.; and Woodbridg'e, W. C. !i vols. Willard, Kriinees Kli/abetli. IHlill; nat. (i vols. \Villiird, Kate I,iviii,n'ston, I vol. Williams, Mrs. Fanny .lohnsou; nat. 1 imni. Williams, llarriette K,; and Warlow, Mary S., and Peek, W. M. 1 vol. Williams, lAiey l<\ird. 1 vol. Willianw, Mr,s. Martha MeCulloeh. 1 vol. Williams, Mrs. Ma,rthu (Noyes), IHUi- 7!); nat. 3 vols. Williams, Mrs. Mary .1. (Downer). I vol . Williams, Mrs. Klioby (Serainling). I.S-ll); nat. ;! vols. Williams, Mrs. Sophia Wells (Koyee), 1850; nat. 3 vols. Williams, Mrs. 'riieodoro ('. Oonip. 1 vol. Willing, Mrs. .leiinie Fowler; res. vols.; a.nd Clemens, Mrs. F. .1. I vol. Willis, .Iidia A., ps. sue Kenii)shall, .lulia A. Willis, Mrs. Novo M. 3 vols. Willson, ,Mrs. Arabella M. (Stuart). I! vols. Wilson, Filitli. I vol. Wing, Mrs. Amelia Kem])shall; nal. I vol. Winter, Mrs. AVilliain, /«. lOll/alietli ('anipbell. H vols. Winslow, .Margaret K. 3:! vols. lOd. I vol. Witherspoon. 10. S. 3 vols. WoodrulV, Mrs. .1. L. M. /«. W. M. L. .i. 5vi)ls.; il'iiiiillon, A. F., and others. I vol. Wright, Kli/.abeth V. 1 vol. AVright, Henrietta Christian; mil. (i vols. Wright, Mrs. .Inlia (MeNuir), pn. Aunt Sophronia, 18.|0; nal. 8;) vols. Clomp. 3 vols. Wright, Mrs. 'riiomas. I vol. Woman's haw ('la.ss. I vol. W omen's Li I era ry Club, Dunkirk, N. ^'.. see Dunkirk, N. \'., Women's Literary (llnb. Wood, Aliee. and I'erkins, Kose, and Perkins, A. .1. T. I vol. AVoodbridge, Aliliy Dwiglil, ISdS-dO. I vol. Woods, Mrs, Kate 'raiiiialt. I vol. Woodward. Mrs. Fli/.a .\. ('\\'oodliiiry). I vol. Yawger,- Kose N. I vol. Yeehton, Harbar.'i, /«. see Kraiise, Lyihi K. Yendes, Lucy A. I vol, Yewrownekie, Aunt, yw. see Hliiiii, Mrs. Franees (Jray. Wmnians, lOli/.ii .\iin, 1S37; mil. 5 vols.; ed. 1 vol.; Ir. I vol. Young, Mrs. .Inlia iOvelyn (Ditto). IS57; nat. 1 vol. Zerega., Mrs. Katharine Herrv di. I \'ol. ; tr. 1 vol. Anonymous. 11 vols. REPORT OX THE AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT. By JAMES WOOD, Mouxt Kisco, Director in Chief. In July, 1892, the World's Fair managers for the State of Kew York requested Mr. James AYood, of Mount Kisco, to take charge of the work of preparing and installing New York's agricultural exhibit at the Cohmibian Exposition, with the title of director iu chief, and the duties of the position were entered upon the iirst of August. The l)oard appointed as secretary of the bureau, Francis L. Underhill, of M(_)unt Kisco. The State Agricaltural Society was requested to recommend a competent person, familiar with the agriculture of the State, who could render effective assistance in the collection of the exhibits, and its executive board proposed Col. Hezekiah Bowen, of Medina, Orleans county, who had long been connected with the State fairs as general superintendent, and who was at once appointed for the service indicated. It was determined that the exhibit should, if possible, be made to illustrate the State's varied agricultural interests. In the almost end- less variety of these jS^ew York is peculiar. The districts of the Miss- issippi valley and the JHocky Mountain slopes have taken from her a great share of the grain growing and the meat production that were once of paramount importance, but the intelligence and enterprise of her people have sought and developed a great variety of other interests until our agriculture has l^ecome the most diversified of any upon the American continent, and is surpassed hy that of but few countries in any portion of the earth. The sum of the valiies of these varied interests makes the State still, as it long has been, the foremost of the sisterhood in agricultural production. Extending from the Atlantic ocean to the Great Lakes, with an unusual range in eleva*"ions from its sea level to its extended valleys, its broad table lands and higli mountain slopes, with great differences in exposures, and with an unusual variety of geological formations and consequent diversity of soils, the State is fitted for growing almost ever\' crop and every variety of fruit found anywhere within the earth's temperate zone, while every domestic animal of special value to mankind can be reared M'ithin her borders and fitted for its greatest possible usefulness. This diversity made the ^vork of securing an adequate representation at the exposition one of peculiar difficulty. The difficulty was increased by the fact that om* farmers could have but little personal interest in the State's exliibit as compared with that of their brethren in the western States where the attraction of emigration is considered of such great importance. New settlers are not looked for here, and the value of our lands is not so much dependent on such influences. The results achieved at such comparatively moderate expense have shown that the public spirit of our people accomplishes more than do the considera- tions of personal gain. b 220 jSTew Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exp(jsition. The means employed for securing exhibits ^vere various. Individuals whose crops of products were known to ha\'e special value were addressed liy letter, the officers of the county agricitltural societies were asked to co-operate, and many of the prize exhibits at the county fairs were secured, while Col. Bowen personally visited many of the most important districts of the State. All the exhibits obtained were forwarded by express to a commodions warehouse in the city of Rochester, where each was carefully inspected, and snch as had no special merit were rettirned to their senders, while all that were approved were thoroughly cleaned and iitted for exhibition. Tliis was a laborious matter, requiring mttch skill and sjjecial care accurately to preserve identity and to prevent any mixing. This work was satisfac- torily done by Col. Bowen and his assistants. In collecting exhibits it was deemed of great importance to obtain every item of information concerning each that any intelligent investi- gator cotild desire. A mere display is of very little consequence. The educational value of an exhibit mainly determines its importance. With this object in view it was ascertained, often with great labor, the kind and character of soil upon which the crops were grown, the date of planting, the method of cultivation, date of harvesting and yield per acre, with the weight per bushel, together with the elevation of the locality, the average annual temperature, the average rain-fall, the average snow-fall, and whether the crop was produced by irrigation. The secretary of the bureau worked out much of the meteorological information from the voluminous reports made to State institutions and to the general government. In preparing for the display of the exhibits at the Exposition it was consiclered of the first importance to so present every exhibit that its individual merits could be readily seen and thoroughly examined. The temptation of seeking for massed eif ects was avoided and show-cases of original design were constructed of polished oak and clear glass, while the grains were shown in boxes with plate glass sides so as to let each kernel and berry be seen in its true proportions without the distortion in\-ariably produced by glass in bottles or in any tubular form. These cases and boxes proved to be most satisfactory for the purposes desired. The collected exhibit of grains, grasses and grass seeds was sent to Chicago in one shipment from Rochester by the middle of March, 1893. The show-cases were speedily put in place and the exhibits installed as rapidly as was consistent with accuracy and careful classiii- cation. The work was completed and the whole display ready for inspection by May iirst, the date announced for the opening of the Expo- sition. It is believed that this was the only State or National exhibit in the Agricultural Building that was in perfect order by the appointed time. .^- In addition to the wide range of exhibits in grain, grass seeds, held peas and beans, it is proper to make special mention of a very com- plete and valuable collection of the grasses of the State, admirably prepared by Daniel Batcheler of Utica. Besides the specimens of grass in suitable bunches, the seed of each variety was shown attached to white card-board by transparent glue, furnishing every facility for Report ox the Agricultural Exhibit. 221 the careful study of eacli of the great nninber of varieties shovi n. Another vahiable collection of grasses was contributed by Peter Hend- erson it Co., from their farm in Rockland eonnty. Mention shonld also be made of the fine collection of samples of maple and sorgluim syrnps and sugars, ilhistrating an important interest in several portions of the State. The tobacco growers of the Onondaga district prepared a most creditable display, and the pressed contents of one of their large cases was admirably shown in a glass case constructed sjjecially for the purpose. An interesting exhibit of flax and flax products was made show- ing the complete plant as grown in the field and during every stage of treatment and manufacture up to the beautiful household goods f(_)ritierly so extensively made in the farm houses of the State. A fine display of hops was made from the central portions of the State. A detailed list of individual exhibits will be found elsewhere, but a special mention should be made of tlie collection of the soils of the State made by the officers of the Experiment Station at Geneva, whose director, Dr. Peter Collier, in this exhibit and in numerous other ways, added to the value of the State's display. Tlie completed exhibit comprised 120 samples of oats. 172 samples of wheat, 113 samples of rye, 111 samples of barley, 20S ears of corn, 151 samples of shelled l)arley, 97 samples of beans, 19 samples of peas, 12 samples of flax seed, 88 samples of nuts, 108 samples of grasses, 53 samples of grass seed in hulk, S ginseng roots, 1 sample of teasels, 5 samples of broom corn, 7 samples of maple sugar, 7 samples of maple syrup, 6 samples of sorglnmi syrup, 1 sample of sorghum sugar, 1 sample of amber cane, 19 samples of soils. There were also shown twelve admirable photograplis of large size, illustrating the cultivation and gathering of hops. Another interesting collection of pliothographs showed tlie buildings and grounds of the Geneva Experiment Station. Every exhibit had plainly placed upon it a clearly printed card giving the full information already mentioned. The Wool Exhibit. The State's wool exhibit was entirely complete, comprising a fleece of an aged ram and a yearling ram. an aged ewe and a yearling ewe of every pure breed in the State. These fleeces represented all the families of Merinos bred for flneness, for length of staple or weight of fleece, all the Down breeds and all the long wool breeds. It might have been enlarged by duplication, but its value as an exhibit would not have been at all increased thereby. Another interesting and important featui-e of the exhibit was a complete collection of the wools of the State, arranged in commercial grades. This was prepared by the MacNaughton Company of New York city. It was a matter of regret that the cases in which avooI was shown were fnrnished by the Department of Agriculture under a contract, in the making of which exhibitors had no voice. These cases were very poi:>rly adapted to the purpose for which they were used and showed their contents very unsatisfactorily. At the close of the exposition a number of the fleeces were stolen from the cases. This was the only loss of the kind sustained by any department of the State's exhibit. 222 New Yijrk at the World's Columbian Exposition. The Potato Exhibit. The potato crop is an exceedingly important one in onr State, and it was deemed desirable to illustrate it by a display commensurate with its importance. The ai-rangements for this were placed in the charge of M. F. Pierson of Seneca Castle, and the excellence of his work was shown by the extent, high (]uality and great interest of the display, made in September. The exhibit was limited to 100 varieties of greatest excellence and was mainly coniined to the ten leading market varieties grown in the chief potato districts of the State. The speci- mens were grown under contract in widely separated localities so as to ensure, in one place or another, the conditions that would be favorable for both yield and quality. This distribution of growth proved very advantageous. The space for showing the potatoes was rather cramped, but the dis- play was a very fine one and attracted much attention. The most complete information was given with every specimen exibited. Sales for seed, etc., were made to the amount of $130.69. X X < CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- MENT A, AGRICULTURE. COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT. GROUPS 1 AND 5. CEEEALS, GRASSES AND MISCELLANEOUrS FARM PRODUCTS. Ackley, H, C, Hubbarrlsvillc : wheat. Acre, V. A., Shelby C'eutre : wheat. Ainsburger, Taylor, Hopewell Centre ; oats. Aldrich, Charles H., Mattituck ; oats. Aldridge, A. G., Victor; corn, be.ans, oats, wheat, rye, buckwheat. Allen, Thos., Chippewa Bay; wheat, fla.x. Allis, Clark, Medin?, ; oats. AUis, E. E., Barre Centre ; peas. Amos, Benj., Millville ; barley, oats. Andrews, John A., Knowlesville ; wheat. Andrews, Joseph, Ithaca ; barleJ^ Andrews, Wm.. Bristol ; barley. Ansley, Mark, Seneca Castle ; corn. Ansley, Frank S., Hillsborough ; beans. Archer, W. G., Clifton Springs ; beans, corn. Austin, Ira, Lowville ; wheat, oats. Axtell, H. & F.. Knowlesville; wheat, corn. Babcoek & Burch, Brookfield ; corn. Bacon, T. A., Medina; wheat. Eagerly, B.W., Clifton Springs ; wheat, barley. Baker, J. O. , Aurelius ; wheat. Baker, J. H., Aurelius; barley. Baker, A. D., xVurelius ; oats and corn. Baldwin, L. M., Canandaigua ; wheat. Balliett. N. F., McDougals ; wheat. Biilliett, E. C, McDougals; wheat, beaus, corn. Barcla}', Aimer, Lyons ; barley. Barker, T. W., Clifton Springs ; wheat, oats. Ba rnes, William D ., Middle Hope ; corn . Bartlett, A. J., Kendia ; wheat. Batehelor, Dan'l, Utica ; grasses. Bates, Geo., Cambria ; corn. Beaver, Harry, Lyndonville ; wheat. Beck, S., Lakevilie ; oats. Bellinger, J. G.. Herkimer; wheat. Bennett, A.. Medina ; wheat, oats. Bcrgeman, G., Yates; peas. Berry man, J. A., Geneva; oats. corn. Biu'clow. Geo., Belleville; barley. Black, W. F., Billsborough ; wheat, barley, corn. Blauchard, Flint, Jamestown; wheat, rye. Blanchard, Geo., Lyndonville ; peas. Blumenstock, J. , Buel ; corn. Bonnell. Geo. A., Waterloo; ccn, oats. Bonnell, H. S., Waterloo; beans, buck- wheat, wheat, barley, corn. Boweu, H. S.. Newport; corn. Boj'ce, E. W., Schoharie; wheat. Boyce, W. F., Knowlesville; oats. Bradley, J. D., Lyons; barley. Brewer, Edgar, Enfield Center; oats. Briglyu, Edward, Orleans; corn. Brown, R. R., & Son, Carlton; peas. Brown, E. C, Rochester; beans, bar- ley, oats. Brown. John, Warsaw; oats. Brumaghim, A., Fonda; broom corn. Brundage, A. C, Bath; wheat. Bryan, Geo., Savona; corn. Buchau, W. S., Hopewell Center; oats, corn. Budd, Geo., Eniield Falls; barlej^ corn. Burch, J., Medina; wheat, barley, oats. Burch. Philo. Carlyon; beans. Burroughs. Alden, Leon; wheat. Callraan, John, Hopewell Centre; corn. Callman, J. M., Caledonia; corn. Camenga, J. D,, Brookfield; corn. Cammett, S. H., Hopewell; buckwhei;t. Campbell, Cullen, Tallman; oats. Carman, John. Porterville; oats. Carpenter, C. E., Dundee; corn. Case, Seward W., Orleans; wheat, corn, oats. Chamberlayne, Geo., Southport; corn. Chanhara, James, Knowlesville; peas. Chapin, Willard, Castile ; barley, corn, oats. Chapman, P. B., Chapinsville; wheat, oats. Childs, W. E., Seneca Castle; barley, oats, beans. Church, Perry, Millville; wheat, oats. Clark, A. Mead, Bedford; wheat. Clark, C. E.. Rushville; wheat. Clark, Daniel. Lyndonville; corn. Clark, John, Bedford; oats. Clark, Luther, Trumbull Corners; beans. 224 New York at the World's Coltjmbiai^' Exposition. Clark, W. P., Wnddington; corn. Cliirk, W. P., WasUingtonville; oats, corn. Clark, V. W., West Bethauj-; barley. Clarke, Geo. S., Milton; corn. Cochran, Peter, Medina; wheat, barley. Collins, Charlotte, Victor; oals. Connell, Frank, De Ruyter; corn. Conover, Edwin. Carlyou; beans. Cook, H. C, Dundee; wheat, buck- wheat. Cook, W. E., Flint; oats. Coolidge, Chas,, Phelps; rj'C, oats, beans, corn. Coon, Alex., Medina; wheat, beans. Coon, Wm., Peun Yan; wheat. Coon, U. G., Medina; wheat, barley, oats. Cornish, Hiram, Newfield; wheat. Corwiu, O., Phelps; oats. Core}', Mrs. Amelia, West Fayette; barley. Cossitt, Davis, Onondaga; wheat, bar- ley. Crosier, Adam, Stiinley; barley. Cumming, Arthur, Cuylerville; oats, peas, beans, corn. Cummings, Peter, Schoharie; corn. Curtis, George M., Gates ; wheat. Danolds, A. A., Medina; barley, oats Davis, Eobert O., Ballston; wheat. Davison, G. H., Millbrook; corn. Dayton, Josiah, East Hampden; wheat, corn. Decker. Geo. W., Monticello; corn. Densmore, Thomas, Flint; buckwheat. Deual, Stephen T., Little Kest; oats. De Rider, J. S., Charlton; oats. Deyo, L. E., Clinton Dale; corn. Didama. J. E., Medina; wheat. Diefendorf, W. W., Fort Plain; corn. Donald, A., Horseheads; grasses. Doody, J. C, Medina; wheat, barley, beans. Dorf, George, Elba; oats. Dorman W., Billsborough; corn. Drus, Edward, Speneerport; beans. Duncan, A., Owego; buckwheat. Eastman, C. F.. Woodville; corn. Elderkin, S. H., Cooperstown; corn. Eldridge, A. J., Leon; corn. Eldridge, Williaiu, AngeUca; corn. Elwell, W. G., Reed's Corners; wheat. Erving, George, Sodiis Point; nuts. Esi^ensheid, U. , Sodus; barley. Ferguson, Edward, Orleans; barley, corn. __- Ferguson, R. B., Orleans; corn. Ferguson, Samuel, Orleans; oats. Ferguson, Sumner, Orleans; corn. Finnegan, T., Brookfleld; barley. Fish, J. F., Waterloo; wheat, oats. Fisher, Albert, Ithaca; corn. Fisher, George, Hendy Creek; rye. Fisher, H. W., South Bloomfield; flax. Fisher, J. C, Ridgeway; wheat, oats. Fisher, R..G., Millers; corn. Fisher, W. H., Delhi; wheat, oats, corn. Flagler, Fred R., Mechanicville; oats. Fletcher, James H. , Waterport; peas, beans. Florey, Cubit, Shelby Centre; peas. Folts, W. P., Herkimer; wheat. Ford, S., Elba; wheat. Posbinder, Charles F., Medina; wheat, oats. Fox, David, Suffern; wheat. Fox, William, Medina; wheat, oats. Fox. William, Clifton Springs; wheat, barley, corn, oats. Frear, Alex., Ithaca; wheat, corn. Frisbie, Osmond, Westport; barley. Fuller, George H. , Medina ; oats, beans, corn. Fuller, H. B., Lyudonville; i^eas, oats. Fuller, Myron, Medina; wheat, barley, oats, corn. Galusha, Geo., Orleans; corn. Gage, Edwin L., De Ruyter; wheat, oats. Gardner, J., Lyons; barley, Geuung, Jarvis, Itliaea; wheat. Gillett, A. M., Knowlesville; peas. Gillett, Willis A., Medina; wheat. Gillett, E. M., Oak Orchard; beans. Gotts, Albert G. , Medina; wheat, oats, beans, harlej'. Gould, H. D., Yates; beans. Grant, Allen, Danby; buckwheat, oats. Gray, C. W., Rochester; peas. Gray, Fred. , Jeddo; wheat, oats, beans. Gray, Geo., Millvilie; wheat, barley. Gray, JohuH.. Millvilie; barley. Gra}-, James H., Lima; wheat. Gre.gory, Chas. P., Geneva; wheat, bar- ley, peas, oats, corn. Greene, Wm., Jit. Kisco; corn. Griilin, Edward, OwegO; corn. Griffin, Wm. J , Broadalbin; oats. Griffis, J. M., Adams ville; buckwheat. Grilfith, B. F., Wyoming; wheat. Grimes, Wm., Oak Orchard; peas. Grinell, W. H., Pierrepont Manor; rye. Grinnell, A. D., East Shelby; barley. Haight, Clark, Oak Summit; barley. Hall, P. A., Seneca Castle; corn. Ham, Henry, Lyndonville; wheat, co:a Hamilton, Wm., Caledonia; wheat, barley. Hamilton, Wm. V., Caledonia; barley, Harmon, John, Chatham; flax. Harmon, Phrebe, Red Rock; flax, Htirte, Geo., Speneerport; oats, corn. Hartman, Warren, Kingsburj'; barley. Hasbroaek, Hiram, Lloyd; rye. Haslett, Edwin, Seneca; oats, barley. Havens, John S., Patehogue; wheat, corn. Haverling, Geo. S., Bath; corn. Haviland & Hull, Glens Falls; buck wheat. Haviland, Perani, Glens Falls; corn. Eepoet ox the AcrEicuLTrnAL Exhibit. 2^5 Hafiland, "tt". J. . Glens Falls; rye, oats, corn. Hawley, 31. L., LvnJonvillc; -svbeat, teans, corn, oats. Heath, Eugene, Shortsvillc; oats. Hedges, Abram E.. East Hunipton; corn. Hedges. Wm. A., East Hampton; oats. Heinstreet. Amos, Charleston Four Cor- ners; buckwheat. Hear}-, Geo., Chapinsville: corn. Hibbard, C. M., Sprout Brook; -n-heat, oats, beans, corn. Hill, A. L., Kjiowltsville; wheat, bar- ley, oats. Hill, Ed. S., Peruville; buckwheat. HHl, H. C, Clifton Springs; beans. Hill, Kate B., Medina; wheat, barley, beans, oats. Hill, S. 8., it Son, Knowlesville; wheat, peas, oats. Hisert, Geo., Mohawk; corn. Hoag, J. E., Easton; corn. Hocroff, R. M., Hopewell; wheat, corn. Hogan, Clarence. \Vaterloo; wheat, oats. Holland, James, Seneca Castle; corn. Hopkins, F. B.. B.ith; corn. Hopkins, F. E., ilillville; wheat, barley. Hopkins. Geo., Ithaca; corn. Horn, Henry, Lyons; wheat. Horning, A., Piielps; wheat. Howard, J. E., Canandaigua; beans. Howard, "\V. A., Albion; barley. Howarth, Edward, Lockport;' Alsike clover. Howe, D. C, Weedspoit; corn. Howell, S. D., Millville; wheat, beans, barley, oats, corn. Howell & Sears, Blooming Grove; wheat. Howland. John, Gloversville; rye, oats, corn, buckwheat. Hutchinson, A., Gaines; beans. Isham, W. B., Xew York city; rye, oats. Ives, F. O., South Easton ; corn. James, A. D. , Knowlesville; peas. Johnson, Erastus, Spring Valley ; oats. Johnson, Seymour P., East Schuyler; beans. Jolly, Isaac, West Fayette ; wheat, bar- ley, corn, seed. Jones, John Vt'., Elmira ; wheat, rye. Jones, Prosser, Seneca Castle ; buck- wheat. Jones, R. H.. Clifton Springs : oats. Keefe. C, Shelby Cenlve ; beans. Kennedy, C. B.." Belleville ; barley. King, H. W.. Urlians ; barlej'. Kin'r, T. H.. Trumanshurffh ; com. Kingsford, Thomas, & Son, Oswego; (vheat, barley, rye. corn. Knapp, A. X., Seneca Castle; corn. Knapp. Silas, Middleport; corn. Kosky, Stephen, Ithaca; wheat, beans. Kress, Edward, Spencerport; beans. Lake, John AV , Medina; wheat. 29 Laub, D. A., Waterloo ; wheat, barley, corn. La Jlonte, C. M., Owego ; wheat, oats. Lanniug, Jolm AV., Ithaca ; corn, oats. Larrison, J. J., Blodget's Mills; beans, oats, corn, buckwheat. Lasher, Xelson. Croadall)in ; corn. Leach. A., Lyons; barley. Lee, C. L., EUisburgh ; wheat, oats. Lee, F. L., EUisburgh ; corn. Lee, Eugene, EUisburgh ; rye, oats. Lee, Ora, Millville ; beans. Lee, R. M., .South Bloomtield ; corn. Leonard. Chas., Shelby Centre; wheat, barley, oats, beans. Leuihersich, David, Caledonia; corn. Leutz, Wm., Lockport ; wheat. L'Hommiedieu, W. L., Medina; barlej', corn, oats. Lincoln, O. M., l^ewark ; barley. Lindke, W., Shelby Centre ; wheat, oats. Link, W. H., Reeds Corners; corn. Little, Malcom. Malcorae ; syrup. Lobbett, J. J., Xorth Ridgeway; wheat, oats. Longwell, Carver ; Bradford ; corn. Loveland Albert. Albion ; corn. Low. Manford, Leon ; oats. Lowman. F. C. Xiehols ; corn. Luttentou, J. H., East Carlton; rye, corn, beans, buckwheat. McAvoy, J. Mc, Medina; barlej". McBain, A. D., Brockport ; beans. McCann, John, Elmira ; oats, cora. McCann, .James D., Elmira ; beans. 3IcCarty, Milan, Throopville ; corn. McCarger, P. R., Shelby Centre; wheat, barle\-. Jlctawley, Miss M., Clifton Springs ; wheat. McClure, J. O., Warsaw; corn. 3IcCollough, Andrew, Monticello ; buckwheat. ilcCormick, Adelbert, Medina ; wheat. McHenry, G. P., South Port ; tobacco. McGrain, D., McDougals ; corn. McKeel. Isaac, Poplar Ridge; syrup. Mcilillen. James, Fairport ; syrup. JIcNall, W. C, Albion ; wheat, corn, beans. McPherson, D., Caledonia; corn. McVean, J. J., Johnstown ; rye, oats, corn; Mack, J. W.. Albion ; wheat, corn. 3Iackey, D. D., Highland ; whe:it, oats, corn. Marsh, David. Cuylerville : corn. Marshall, B., Waterloo; wheat, 'barley, oats. ^lason. Franklin, De Ruyter ; oats. Mjynard. Mrs. O. E., Waterloo; corn. ^iiflcr. E. D.. ilillers ; buckwheat. Miller. Harmon. Lyons ; wheat, corn. Miller, .James, Penn Yan ; wheat. • Miller, .John W., Palatine Bridge; rye. 226 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Minser, Richard, Sulleru ; buckwheat, rye. Mitchell, Frauk, Ithaca; buckwheat. Mix, Chas. N. , Albion ; corn. Moak, Wm., Lyons ; barley, Moore, J. S., Medina ; wheat, pea,s, oats. Moore, Reuben, Chatham ; rye, oats, corn. Morgan, Geo., Easton ; corn. Morse, Edward H., Canandaigua ; barley. Murdock, Fred., Medina; barley. Murphy, Arthur, Seneca Castle ; corn. Nellis, John W., Palatine Bridge ; rye, corn. Newcomb, A. J., FHut; ooru. Newell, E. S. , De Ruyter ; oats. Newell, Rodger, Huron ; barley. Newland, Will., Orleans; oats. Newman, Wm. O., Ithaca; corn. Newton, John, Hopewell Centre ; wheat, barlej', corn. Nichols, Scott, Adamsville ; rye, corn. Nichols, Peter P., Lewis ; rye". ' Norris, A. H. , Morgan ville ; barley. Nuteaway, Robert, Schoharie; rye. Ontario County Exhibit ; peas. Orleans County Exhibit ; peas, beans, corn. Oxner, J. S., New Haven; corn. Paine, E. C. , Albion ; corn. Paine, John. Geneva ; beans. Paine, John, Greece ; wheat, barley, beans, oats. Paine, F. W., Albion; beans. Parker, T. F.. CUiftou Springs; oats. Payne, George, Billsborough ; wheat, beans. Pearson, Albert, Gorham ; wheat. Pease, William B.,Lockport; wheat, barlejf, oats, corn. Peck, A. J., JMcdina ; wheat, oats. Pelton Bros., Mouticello ; oats. Pelton, P. R., JMonticello ; rye. Pendry, Wm. H., Albion ; wheat, oats. Perry, R. M., Medina; wheat. Pettit, Henry, Medina ; wheat, oats. Pickett, Daniel. Millville ; wheat, barley, oats, corn, beans. Pierce, Romanzo. Lyndonville ; oats. Pierson, M. F., Seneca Castle; wheat, buckwheat, corn, beans, oats. Pomei'oy, Norman, Lockport ; buck- wheat, beans. Pratt, L., County Line ; beans. Pratt, W. W., Ridgeway ; wheat. Preston, E., Pfttsford ; oats, beans, peas. Printof , Chief, Sanborn ; corn. Quinn, E. R., Waterloo ; buckwheat, corn. Raymond, E. A., Bedford ; rye. Reed, M. B. , Medina ; oats. Reed, N. T. , Lowville ; corn. Reid, Joseph, Millville ; wheat. Reissugue, J., Blaine ; corn. Beissugue, J., North Ridgeway ; buck- wheat. Reissugue, R., Millers ; peas, Reynolds, Iliram, Medina , wheat, Rhoades, Cj'rus R. , Leon ; buckwheat. Rhodes, Lorenzo, liindsburg ; wheat. Roberts, D. L., Royalton Centre; beans. Robinson, H. 51., Cortland; barlej'. Roe, Austin, Patchogue; com, Rogers, Geo. P., Barre Centre; wheat, barley. Ross, Wm. P. , Knowlesville ; wheat, beans, Rowley, A. P., South Cortland ; corn, Rowley, Geo. W., Saiutoga Springs; corn, Ruelson, W. S,, Clifton Springs; wheat, Russell & Birkett, Penn Yan ; wheat, barley, Ryan, James, Shelby Centre ; wheat, Safl'ord, Chas, H,, Argyle; corn, Salisbury, Chas, F. , Orleans ; barley, peas, Sanders, J. P., Bristol Springs ; wheat, peas, Sauford, D,, Gaines ; wheat, Sauford, L. A., Gaines; wheat, corn. Sargent, A. J., Waterport ; wheat. Sayles, L. L., Malone ; wheat, barley, oats and corn. Scegwald, H. H. , Clifton Springs ; oats. Scott, F. D., Medina ; oats. Scott, John L,. Geneseo ; wheat. Searing, Wm. F., Sherwood ; corn. Seeber, H. C, Marshville; wheat. Seeley, R. F., Waterloo; buckwheat, corn. Seiber, John W., Canajoharie ; barley, buckwheat. Shearer, A., South Coitland ; rye. Sherman. Frauk, Westport ; oats. Shearman, Lewis and Dwelle, Penn Yan; barlej', Sherwood, John, Medina; barley, wheat, Shisler, A. J., Medina ; wheat, oats. Sholtes, v.. Schoharie; corn. Siguor, Burdette, Danby ; oats, Sirapkius, Irving, Jiedina ; wheat, beans, oats, Sims & Tinkham, Akron; barley. Smith, D. H., Middleport; oats. Smith, Geo. R., North Ridge; wheat. Smith, ,Iohn H., Medina; wheat, oats. Smith, ]\Ioses, Hallsville; corn. Smith, Oren, Angelica; wlieat. Smith, R. B., Cortland; wheat. Smith, S. J,, Manchester; wheat. Smith, Thos,, Henrietta; wheat. Smith, W, A., Cooperstown; buck- wheat. Smith, W; & T,, Geneva; rye, Snyder, D. E,, Newark; barley. Spangle, W, J., Hopewell Centre; oats. Spencer, Lilly M,, Highland; oats. Eeport on the Ageicultural Exhibit. 227 Staley, Chas., Sharon Springs; buck- wheat, oats. Staubro, Wm.. Jr., Brookfield; oats. Starr, H. M., Medina; peas. Steere, Amelia B., Cooperstown; nuts. Steugel, JohnG., McDougals; corn. Stephens, L. H. , Lowville; oats. Stewart, Alex. B., Ballston Center; rye. Stillman, D. B., Brookfield; corn. Stone, John R., West Fayette; oats, corn. Squires, J. C, Seneca; buckwheat. Sutton, Chas., Shortsville; rye, oats. Swan. Claude, Phelps; wheat. Tallman, 0. B., Seneca Ca.stle; oats. Tflllman, T. B., Seneca Castle; oats, corn. Tanner, Edwin, Warsaw; corn. Tanner, Wm. A., Medina; oats. Taylor, H. R., Clifton Springs; corn. Taj'lor, Marvin. Argyle; wheat, oats. Teeter, Andrew J. .Ithaca; wheat, oats. Tenuant, E. M., Willett; oats. Thompson, E. N., Meredith; rye. Thompson, G. S., Ameuia; corn. Thorn, Henry, Lyndouville: wheat. Thorn, John W., Highland; buck- wheat, corn. Tilbury, Herman, Owego; rj'c. Tillson, Oliver J., Highland; rye, buck- wheat. Timmermau, Anna G., Medina; barley. Tinkham, Morris, East Shelby; beans. Tapper, C, HoUey; beans. Townsend, O. K., Ithaca; beans, oats. Townsend, L. M., Lodi; wheat, oats, corn. Treichler, E. J., Sanborn; wheat, corn. Trickej-, Rhodes, Bristol Springs; peas, oats. Turner, Saml., LyndonvlUe; wheat, beans, oats. Tuttle, Chas. W., Clockville; wheat, barley, rye. Updyke, C, West Fayette; oats. Van Home, M. A., Cooperstown; oats. Van Home, Wm., MiJdleport; corn. Van Sickles, G., McDougals; oats. Van Wagener, Jared, Lawj^ersville; oats. Van Wie, Dan'l, Palatine Bridge; rye, com. buckwheat. Van Wie, Wm., Canajoharie; corn Vincomb, A. J., Flint; corn. Vosburgh, C. L., Geneva; corn. Wadsworth, W. A., Chapinville; beans. Wait, Elmer, Easton; corn. Walker, T. W., Angelica; oats. Waterbury, A. B., Lyndonville; peas. Wattles, Harry J., Lisle; oats. Wayne, W. P., Orleans; corn. Webster, J. D. & Son, Medina; oats, beans. Webster, Lester, Flint; wheat. Weed, James, Ballston Springs; corn. Weld, John, Lyndom'ille; wheat. Weld, J. M., Medina; wheat. Wheeler, George A., South Bloomficld; wheat, barley. Wheeler, Horace, Fay etteville ; barley. Wheeler, Jesse A., South Bloomfleld; corn. Whipple, William, Medina; wheat, oats, corn. Whitaker, William E., Knowlesville; barley. White, Nathan, Mt. Kisco; corn. Whitnej", C. P., Orleans; oats. Whitney, J. H., Millville; barley, peas. Whittleton, J. H., Medina; oats, beans. Wilcox, Amos, Janiestown; corn, oats. Wilcox, Jones, East Chatham; corn. Wilkie, C, W., Fhnt; oats, beans. Williams, C. F., Mlddleport; corn. Williams, D. E., Geneva; corn. Wilson, A. N., Lyndonville; corn. Wilson, A. W., Millville; corn. Wilson, I. B., Bristol Springs; barley, peas. Wilson, Oliver, Highland; rye. Wilson, W. v., Medina; barky, beans. Wood, James, Mt. Kisco; corn. Wood, Lewis, Suffern; corn. Wood, M W., Woodville; wheat. Wood, S. T., Woodville; wheat. Wooden, H. S., Geneva; corn. Wooden, J. H., Waterloo; wheat, barley. Woodruff, John, Wadham Mills; wheat. Woodruff, John R., Westport; oats. Wolverton, Peter, Canandaigua; bar- ley, wheat. Wright, Geo. K. & Son, North Ridge; wheat. Wj'man, Berry, Millville; wheat, barley. Yarter, A., Sandy Hill: rye. Yates Co. Agr'l Societj', Penn Yan; wheat. Yaxley, T. A., Ridgeway; peas. Young, E. J., Elmira; wheat. Young, Jo^iah, Tallman; com. Zeh, Stephen W., Schoharie; buck- wheat. GEOCP 3, CLAS.S 26. HONEY BEES AND IIONET. See special report, pages 229-232. 228 New Yoek at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition. GEOUP 4. POTATOES. The exliibit of potatoes was a special feature of the New York display, aud was prepared under the supervision of Mr. M. F. Pierson, of Seneca Castle. All the known varieties of the State were planted in the spring of 1893, and a half barrel of each variety brought to the fair at the expense of the commission, during the mouths of September and October. About 250 varieties were shown, a number far exceed- ing the exhibit of any other State. The following is an alphabetical list of varieties on exhibition: Arizona Wild; Adarandac; Albany Seedling; Alex. Prolific; American Giant; American Monarch; American Star; Amer- ican Wonder; Anges; Arizona Wild. Badger State; Baker's Seedling; Boley's Northern Spy; Beauty of Hebron; Ben. Harrison; Bermuda Rose; Bermuda White; Big Benefit; Bill; Bliss' Triumph; Blue Humboldt; Blue Victor; Black Dunmore; Blue Elephant or Victor; Blaine, James G. ; Bonnell's Columbia; Bracey's Eising San; Bracey's Superior; Brownell's Best; Brownell's Winner; Buf- falo Beauty; Burbauk; Burpee's Extra Earl J'; Burpee's Superior. California Blue; Campbell's Early; Cayuga; Charles Downing; Charley Ross; Charter Oak; Chautaucjua; Chenango; Chenango Blue; Chicago Market; Clark's No. 1; Columbia; Columbia Rose; Cor- liss; Crane's Jime Eating; Crane's Poten- tate; Cream City; Crown Jewel; Crown Point. Dakota; Dakota Red; Dandy; Rural No. 2; Delaware; Duell's Seedling; Dew- hort's Best; Buttons Seedling. Early Albino; Early Gem; Early Har- vest; Earlj' King; Early Maine; Early Market; Early Mayflower; Early Northern; Early Ohio; Early Puritan; Early Rochester; Early Rose; Early Snow- flake; Early Standard; Earlj^ Sunrise; Early Vaughan ; Early Walton ; Early White Beauty; Early White Prize; Early Wisconsin; Early Xanthus; Empire State; Everett. Farmer's Alliance; Fill Basket; Frank- fort; Freeman; Fuller's Seedling. General Garfield ; General McClelland; Genesee Co, King ; Grafenbury Giant; Green Mountain; Governor Foraker. Halo of Dakota ; Hampden Beauty ; Harbinger; Helton Rose; Home Comfort; Humboldt; Hunt's Early. Ideal ; Irish Blusil- ; Irish Blue ; Iron Clad. Jumbo; JevTj Peachblow. Kings Co. Mammoth; King of Kings; King of the Roses. Late Hebron; Late Rose; Layman (Rural No. 2); Lenore; Lewis' Favorite. Maggie Murphy ; Maine ; Maine Rose ; Manitoba; Manhattan; Manhattan Rose; Mahopac; Matchless; Milton's Late White; Minister; Miser; Molly Stark; Monroe Co. Prize; Monroe Seedling; Morgan; Morn- ing Pride; Morning Star. Napoleon ; Negro ; New Queen ; New York Central ; Nott's Victor. Ohio; Ohio, Jr.; Ottawa Rose. Paris Rose; Pat. Murphy; Pearl of Savoy; Pennoyer Prolific; Peoples; Per- fection; Seedling, Nos. 101, 121, 131; Pierson's Eureka ; Polaris; Powers of Beauty; Pride of America; Pride of Cali- fornia; Pride of Ireland; Puritan; Purple Trope. Queen of the Roses; Queen of the Valley. Red Ohio; Reeve's Rose; Robert Em- mett ; Rochester Rose; Rose Magnum- bonum; Rough Diamond; Rural Blush; Rural New Yorker No. 2. Savoy; Seedling Nos. 1, 3, 3, 30, 31, 33, 83, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 43, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50; Seneca Beauty; Seneca Red Jacket; Signal, Silver Dollar; State of Maine; Steel's Red or Irish Cup; Storm King; Stray Beauty; Strong's Imperial; Stump the World; Superior; Summit; Sunlit Star. Thunderbolt; Ton Hocks. Uncle Sam. Vanguard; Van Orman's Earliest; Vaughan; Vick's Champion; Vick's Late White; Vick's Perfection. Wall's Orange; White Elephant; White Flower; White Rose; White Seedling; White Star; Wilson's First Choice; Wil- son Rose; Wonder; WoodhuU Seedling; Wood's Early; World's Fair; Working- man's Potato. Xanthus. Yosemite. The above varieties were contributed by the following named exhibitors, each. sending from five to forty varieties: Bruse, H. G., Hoosick Falls. Bracy, E. M., Ogdensburg. Bonnel, Geo. A., Waterloo. Baggerly, B. W., Clifton Springs. Brace, J. A., Albion. Billington, J. F., East Aurora. Cloyes, A. G., Utica. Chapman, C. E., Peruville. Eepoet OS THE Ageicfltural Exhibit. 229 Gascoigne. C. E.. Lvons. HuU, G. 31., Merritield. Hurlbert, E., Trenton Falls. Kennedy. B. F., Belleville. Lewis, R. X., Red Hook. Lewis, Sidney, Syracuse. Loucks, Howard, Cbiuenango. Marks, W. F., ChapiusviUe. Pierson, 31. F., Seneca Castle. Preston, E., Pittsford. Pearson, H. C, Pitcaim. Qua. Frank, East Hartford. Ryall, Benjamin, Saratoga Springs. Roberts, Vt'. H., Chateaugay. Rupert's Sons, Seneca. Slinn, Benjamin S., Spring Valley. Titus, R. F., Westbury Station. ■Wright, X A., Oswego. GEOrP (. DAIET PEODUCTS. Sec special report, pages 233-239. GEOUP 8. HOP.*. Downey Farm, Waterville; hops. HanoTcr Farm, "Waterville: hops, ilaxon, WilUam, Waterville; hops. ilcHenry, G. P., Southport; leaf to- [ bacco. I Wilber, D. F., Oneonta; hops. GECUP 9. Boardwell. Aaron, Fargo; wool. Case, Xathan, Hoosick Falls; wool. Chick. John. Atticii: wool. Cossitt, Davis, Onondaga; wool. Curry, TTilliam & Sou, Ha.sbrouck; wool. Earll, .J., Horatio, Skaneateles; wool. Fisher, Harland W., So. Bloomfield; flas. Haines, Abram. Mt. Kisco: flax. Haines, Joseph, Bedford Station; flax. Ham, Henry, Lyndonville; flax seed. Harmon, John S., Chatham; flax seed, Harmon, Mrs. Phebe, Red Rock; flax seed. Luggner, Mrs. Lea, Bedford; silk. MacJsaughton Co.. Xew York; wool. Osborne & Ladd. Victor; wool. Ray, John P., Hemlock Lake; wool. Warren. J. Hobart. Hoosick Falls; wool. Wood, James. Mt, Kisco; wool. Wylie, B. J., Marcellus; wool. GROUP 14. New York State ; photographic views of hop fields and buildings, dairj^ farms, buildings, etc. REPORT OX THE BEE AXD HOXET EXHIBIT. By OREL L. HERSHISER, Supekixtexdent, Buff.^lo. The Xevr York State Beekeepers' As.sociation took action as early as January, 1S91, '.vitli the view of securing an adequate ajsiarian exhibit at the Cohiinbian Exposition. ]\Ir. J. L. Scofield, of Chenango Bridge, and Mr. Orel L. Hersliiser, of Buffalo, were appointed a committee to co-operate ynth any autliority to which might be intrusted the duty of bringing out a comprehensive exhibit of tlie agricultural resources of tlie State. After the organizati(jn of the Board of General Managers, iL'. Hersliiser was placed in charge of the apiarian department and instructed to use every effort to bring out such an exhiliit of bees, honey, etc., as would demonstrate Xew York's superiority to any other State. Contributions were secured from fifty of the leading beekeepers and were fairly representative of the whole i-ange of the industry. ■ 230 JSTew Yoek at the "Woeld's Colcjibian Expositios". The space allotted for tlie exhibit was occupied by two eases, each twenty -five feet long by four feet fonr inches wide and eleven feet high, two cases each ten feet long by four feet four inches wide, and one case sixteen feet long, five feet wide and eleven feet high. The last case was used for the exhibit of live bees. Sanijjles of the crop of 1892 were collected in BnfEalo during the months of January , February and March. 1893, and sliipped thence to the fair. The exhibits of the crop of 1893 were in part collected in Buffalo, and in part shipped direct by the exhibitors. For the most part the specimens of the crop of 1892 were paid for out of the State appropriation ; those of 1893 were lent by the individual exhibitors. The exhibit consisted of about 6,000 pounds of comb honey, 3,000 pounds of extracted honey, fruits preserved in honey, beeswax, the honey producing flora of the State, pastry made witli honey sweetening, honey vinegar, metheglin, pickles- made with iioney vinegar, honey soap, honey cougli syrup, salves and leather dressing made from the beeswax, se^'eral styles of beehives, so arranged as to illustrate the progress of apiculture from its primitive state, and all appliances used by progressive apiarists, including the honey extractor, wax extractor, bee smokers, bee escapes, swarm catchers, queen cages and C]ueen excluders, new swarming devices and samples of comb foundation. Sixteen varieties of honey were shown, viz. : Linden or basswood, white clover, alsike clover, sweet clover, applebloom, raspberry, dandelion, golden-rod, aster, mustard, buck- wheat, sumach, heartsease, locust, boneset and thistle. The bee exhibit consisted of six hives of bees, comprising two colonies of leather-colored Italian bees, one of golden Italian liees, two of Carniolian bees, and one of common black bees. It was designed that the bee exhibit should be a practical demonstration of the methods of producing both comb and extracted honey, and accordingly openings in the wall of the building were made so that the bees might fly from and to their hives in the natural way. Inasmuch as the six hives of bees produced during the summer, under the most unfavorable circum- stances, 252 pounds of honey, 112 jaounds of which was in the comb, this jDart of the apiarian exhibit was successful beyond expectation. It was an easy matter to show the methods of bee-keeping, but the prac- tical results were a surprise. Eleven awards were made to exhibitors in the jNTew York apiarian department. This is ]iearly twice as many as were given to any other State. GROUP rf. HONET. Andrews. Miss E. E., Coventiyville; comb honey. Andrews, John, Patten's Mills; 3 nu- cleus colonies Carniolinn bees. Bailey, G. W., & Son, Ovid; extracted honej'. Berry, Mrs. M. L., Big- Tree; wax sea shells made from bleached beeswax. Bosworth, W. V., Clockville; comb honey, extracted hone}'. Briggs, Edgar, Poughkeepsic; white clover conib honey; white clover ex- tracted honey. Coggshall, David, West Groton; comb honey, extracted honey. Crosby, B. A., Sardinia; extracted honey. Cyrenus, F. H., Oswego: designs and initials worked in comb honey by bees, two honey combs nearly four feet long and four inches thick. Davis. Hiram H., Deansville; comb honey, extracted honey. Dawns, Ira, Irona; extracted honey. Dimick. Jay, Rices; comb honey. Dodd, Charles F., Rushville; extracted honey. Eepoet on the Ageicultukal Exhibit. 231 Doolittle, G. M,, Doridouo; one colony golden Italian bees, two colonies leather- colored Italian bees. Elwood, P. H., Starkville. extracted honey, white clover comb honey. Fargo, Fred. H., Batavia; comb honey. FavOle, Mrs. C, Holland; extracted hone}-. Faulkner, .John G., JMiimt'ord; comb honey. Ferris, C. G., Columbia; extracted honey. Fish, Norman L. , Indian Lake; rasp- berry extracted honey. Garrett, ]Martin, Coeyraans Hollow; extriicted houey. Greiner, Friedemau, Kaples; comb honey. Hawkins, N., Gowanda; comb honey. Hazelton, Fred. P., Le Roy; comb hone}'. Hallegas, C. A., De Kalb June; white clover comb honey. Hastings, M. E., JS'ew York Jlills; white clover comb honey, white clover extracted houey; positive "reversible honey extractor, Coluniljia honey extractor, wax extractors, six round feeders, three square feeders, three bee smokers, three iJerfec- tion swarmers, one beehive, four supers for beehive, three escajie boards, twelve bee escapes, one slatted honey board, samples of T tin.s, comb lifters. Heath, MissSatie I., Chittenango; comb honey. Hetherington, J. E.. Cherr}' Valley; extracted honey; white clover comb honey; buckwheat extracted honey, twenty years old, two old style straw hives, first exhibited at the Centennial 1876, two beehives old style, one emer- gency beehive. Hershiser, OrelL., Buffalo: comb honey produced at the World's Fair, extracted honey produced at the "World's Fair, prac- tical apiary conducted at the World's Fair, including manipulation of frames and hives of bees, extracting honey and taking comb honey from hives by latest improved methods, api^liances used in queen rearing, queen rearing practi- cally denionstrated. peaches preserved in honey, old style Langstroth hive, aster extracted honey; boneset extracted honey; Heather of Scotland extracted honey. Howell, E. D., New Hampton; sumach and heartsease extracted honey. Hoffman, Julius, Canajoharie; white clover comb honey, buckwheat comb honey, white clover extracted honey; alsike extracted honey, buckwheat ex- tracted honey, aijple blossom extracted honey; pine apples preserved in honey, cherries preserved in honey, honey vinegar, pickles made from honey vinegar, metheglin, lioney cough syrup, beeswax salve, honey soap, beeswax leather dress- ing, wax candles, flowers and leaves pre- served with beeswax. Hutchius, F. v., Masseua Springs; white clover extracted honey. Hutchinson, Edwin, East Avon; ex- tracted honey. Ivory, Helen L., Smithville ; comb honey. Kennel, Fa}-, Rochester ; extracted honey. Lamareux, 'George, North Hector; comb honey. Langdou, H. P., East Constable; non- swarming device. Lindsey, C. V., Attica; comb honey, 111 1-4 lbs. product of one hive in 1892, extracted honey, white clover comb honey, 107 lbs. product of one hive. M.-ikcly, Wm. P., Medusa; extracted houey. Miller, W. N., DeKalb; comb houey. Mun.sou, J. 0., East Lansing; extracted honey, beeswax, straw hive, old style. Park, Frank L., White Plains; sumach extracted honey. Parker, C. L., Onondaga: white clover extracted honey. New York State ; commercial apiarian exhibit (comprising the exhibits of all the New York beekeepers). Pcnton, Charles, East Aui'ora ; honey vinegar. Penton, Maggie, East Aurora. ; pressed specimens honey producing plants. Phipps, F. A., Short Track ; comb honey. Reed. Lyman, West Winfield; extracted honey. Rogers, H. J., Wellsville ; comb honey, extracted honey. Root, A. H., Canastota; extracted honey. Saunders, Asa., Big Tree ; 1 colony German black bees. Scofield, I. L., Chenango Bridge ; comb honey. Sleeper, S. S., Holland; white clover comb hone}' ; wliite clover extracted honey, and other varieties. SncU, Albert, Clayton ; linden comb honey, linden extracted honey. Van Deusen, J., Sprout Brook ; flat- bottomed comb foundations, frames of brood comb foundation, combs which the bees had worked on from seven to twelve hours, showing the work of bees from the inception of comb found.'ition to perfec- tion of combs, old artificial tin honey- comb. Van Deusen clamps. Wear, Robert A. , C'la}'burgh ; comb honey, extracted honc}'. Winter, O. F., Winterton ; locust ex- tracted honey; blue thistle extracted honey. Woolf, .John, Big Tree ; 1 colony Ger- man black bees. 232 Nkw Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. Whitford, LcRoy, Stow ; comb honey. The W. T. Fuk'ouer Mfg. Co., James- tOAVu ; dovo-tuiled beehives, thin-walled beehive.?, Peet queen cage, Bingham smoker, bee veils, assortment honey knives, assortment bee feeders, Coggshall bee brush, 1,000 Faleon honey seetious. Acme wax extractor, honey boards, all zinc honey boards, brood comb founda- tion, section comb foundation. Porter bee escapes, Hastings bee escapes, foundation cutter, Davis brushes, comb holder, comb bucket, Spar wire imbedder, Parker foundation fastener. Leach section folder and foundation fastener, perfect super put up with wood separators. KEPOET OISI THE DAIRY EXHIBIT. By JOSIAH SHULL, Ilion, Supekiktbkdekt. In October, 1892, the superiuteiident entered upon tlie active dis- cliarge of liis duties as a result of a conference between tlie Board of General Managers and the committee from the State Dairymen's Asso- ciation, consisting' of W. II. Gilbert, A. R. Eastman and Josiah Slinll. Means were taken to inform dairymen thrtingliout the State as to the scope and character of the proposed exhibit and the facilities which tiie Board of Managers had prb\'ided for the transportation of butter and cheese to the exposition. The lirst exhibit of cheese was to be made in June, 1893, and it vras detei-mined that this should be of cheese made in 1892. On communicating with dairymen it was ascertained that most of the cheese made in 1892 had gone out of the hands of the makers. The June exhibit was consequently made in part of cheese procured directly from the maker and in part from storage in the city of Kew York. The butter and cheese for the four several exhibits of. June, Jul}', September and October, 1893, were transported to Chicago in refrige- rator cars b)' the American Exjjress Company and the Wells, Fargo & Company Express. The express companies jierformed the service at the stated times and dates with promptness and disjiatch, and delivered tlie products in good condition at the Dairy Building in Chicago. The several exhibits proved entirely satisfactory in numbers and commend- able in standard and quality. There were 733 exhibits of butter, aggregating about 13,000 pounds, of which three-fourths was from pri- vate dairies and about one-fourth from creameries. While much of the dairy butter maintained a high standard, the creameries maintained a better average and more uniform high standing. One-tifth of all the butter exhibited -was high grade, scoring fi'um 95 to 100 points. There were manufactured in New York factories in 1892 19,-1:97,357 pounds of butter, •Which, from the best obtainable sources of informa- tion, represents aliout fourteen per cent of the total amount of butter manufactured in the State. In the cheese department there were 561 samples of all varieties at the several exhibits, or a total of 33,000 piounds. The June exhibit contained 147 packages, all of cheese made in 1S92, excepting some varieties of fancy clieese. The July, September and October exhibits Eeport on the Ageicultueal Exhibit. 233 ■were of cheese of 1S93 make, consisting of 417 packages, iiicludiug fancy cheese, nearly one-half of which was of high grade, scoring from 95 to 100 points. The exhibits were in every respect representative of this great industry which, in 1S92, produced 130,991,310 pounds in the factories of the State. The object of this department was to make a dairy exhibit Ijy dairy- men of the State which should actually show the different varieties of cheeso placed on the markets of the country. No discrimination was made as to who should or should not exhibit. Every dairyman in the State was invited to exhibit. !N"o especial selection or inspection of the products was made prior to placing them on exhibition. It rmist be said, to the credit of the dairymen of the State, that after they became fnlly informed as to the object and workings of the display, they reatlily responded to the call for exhibits. It is gratifying to state that Xew York manufactures nearly every variety of cheese known to the markets, and maintains a standard equal to any other State. The several exhibits were complete and full, equal to the capacity of space awarded to the State ; and the quality of the products sustained our reputation as the leading dairy State. in the Union. GEOUP t. EXHIBITS INSTALLED IN THE DAIEY BUILDING. Abell, EraoT}- D., Frankliu; butter. Acker, L. C Iliou; butter. Acker, 3Irs. Iselson, Ilion; butter. Ackley, J. D., Roxbury; cheese. Alexander, "W. A., Scipioville; butter. Alger, Geo. S., il-.rtiiisburg; cheese. Anderson, C, Delhi; butter. Anderson, "Wm., Jr., Delhi; butter. AngeTl, J. S., New Berliii; butter. Arbuckle. B. T., Delhi; butter. Archibald, Jas. R., Margaretville; butter. Archibald, R. H., Margai'etville; butter. Armstrong, F. C, Bovina Centre; butter. Auken, Fred., Boonville; cheese. Austin, Chas., Deer River; cheese. Austin, Kichols & Co., New York; cheese. Avers & McKinney, Meredith; butter. Ayres. E. E. . Rice's; cheese. Backus, F. H., Scriba; cheese. Baile}', J., Charlotte Centre; cheese. Bailey, .Roscoe, So. .Jefferson; butter. Bailey, Jacob, Bovina Center; butter. Bailey & Hallock, South Jefferson ; butter.' B^iird. John. Newport; cheese. Baker, A. D., Aurelius; butter. Baker, J. H., Aurelius; butter. Baker. L. A., Aurelius; butter. Baldwin, A. P., South Otselic; butter. Barber & Minor, Oxford; cheese. Barker. F. B., Camden; cheese. Barnaskev. C. F., Pennellville; cheese. Bartlett, G. L., Edwards; cheese. Bartlett, S. G., Laona; cheese. 30 Bartlett, Willis C. Laona; cheese. Bartlett, W. M., Franklin; butter Beaver, Chas., Collins; cheese. Beers, Chester, Walton; butter. Belden, John, Moons; cheese. Bell, E. R., Delhi; butter. Bellows, JamesH., Siuclairville; cheese. Benedict & Son, A. F., Delhi; butter. Berry. John H., Spraguevdle; cheese. Beswiek, J. E., Morley; butter. Biggar, A. (■., Pepacton; butter. Bills, E. J., Delhi; butter. Birdsall, E. 11.. Margaretville; butter. Bishop, Wheeler O. , Castile; butter. Blakelv, J. P., East Meredith; butter. Bliss, j. A.. Delhi; butter. Blivcn, Albert, Boonville; cheese. Bloomhower, A. D., Mooers Forks; butter. Blum, Albert, Leyden; cheese. Boggs, Geo. A., Stamford; butter. Boldof, Charles, Attica; cheese. Borthwick, W. A., Delhi; butter. Bostwick, Milton, Croton; butter. Bouton, M. C., Margaretville; butter. Boyd, B. S., Loomis; butter. Boyd, Geo.. Norwich; cheese. Brett, James, McDonough; butter. Brisco, Jos., Franklin; butter. Bristol, Thomas, Jhirgaretville; butter. Bristow, James, Sinclairville; cheese. Brooks, A., Owego; butter. Brown, A. P.. Fowler; cheese. Brown Bros., Newport; butter. Brown, C. C, Delhi; butter. Brown, G. H. , Andes; butter. Brown, Hiram, Canton; butter. 234 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. Bro-n-D, J. P., East Meredith; butter. Brown, M. R., Croton; butter. Brown, Sidney, Edwards; clieese. Bugbee, J. E., Ceutralia; cheese. Burleigh, J. F., Vernon; cheese. Burgung, M., Forestville; cheese. Burr, Elbert, Margaretville; butter. Burroughs, C, Roxbury; butter. Cant, David, Croton; butter. Carman, G. W., Mecklinburgh; butter. Carpenter, Burt, Moons; cheese. Carpenter, F. P., Kanona: butter. Carpenter, H. M., Higginsville; cheese. Carpenter, Zenas, East Randolph; cheese. Case, C. M., Delhi; butter. Casler, Charles, West Ambo}'; cheese. Casler, J. R., Parish; cheese. Cavin, A. & W. H., Delhi; butter. Chamlserlain, J. N., Kanona; butter. Chambers, C. H., North Lawrence ; butter. Champlin, Giles S., Jr., Stamford; butter. Champlin, ,J. Perry, Ruth; butter; Chandler, H. G., i& Son, Ogdensburg; butter. Christian, F. N., Camden; cheese. Church, F. "W. , Caughdenoy; cheese. Clark, C. F., North Russell; cheese. Clark, E. S., Norwich; butter. Clark, F. L., Charlotte Center; cheese. Clark, W. L., Andes; butter. Clarke, N. E., Potsdam; cheese. Cleland, O. M., Charlotte Center; cheese. Clive, Robert, Delhi; butter. Close, James, Arena; butter. Close, Wm. J., Margaretville; butter. Clun, H., East Meredith; butter. Cold Brook Factor}', Omar; cheese. Cole, Jno., Margaretville; butter. ColeW. C, Franklin; butter. Collins, Frank, Ellington; cheese. Collins Center Factory, Collins Center; cheese. Collins Factory, Collins; cheese. Conan, D. A., East Randolph; cheese. Conner, Jas., East Meredith; butter. Conner, George PI., East Meredith; butter. Conover, W. D., Ley den; cheese. Conroy, J. P., Cedars; cheese. Converse, H. J., Southville; butter. Cook, A. & H. E., Denmark; butter. Cook, C. B., Cazenovia; butter. Coon, E. O. , Mohawk; cheese. Cooper, J. C, Theugsa; cheese. Cooper, W. H., Laona; cheese. Cornell, Irving, Stamford; butter. Cotton, A. S , Clifton Springs; butter. Cottrell, H. M., Rhinechfif; butter. Coulter, D. E., Andes; butter. Countryman, A., Herkimer; cheese. Countrj'man Factory, M. Getman, Mo- hawk; cheese. Cowan, James A., Margaretville; butter. Cowden, W. A., Attica; cheese. Craft, Daniel, Stamford; butter. Craft, F., Ro.xburj-; butter. Craig, John, Jr., Delhi; butter. Craspen, E. S., Waddington; butter. Cristman, Martin, Paine's Hollow; butter. Cristman, 0. B., Mohawk; cheese. Cross, Corwin T., Charlotte Center; cheese. Cune, A. B., Shavertown; butter. Curd, I., Owego; butter. Currie, James H., Delhi; butter. Dales, Edmund, Hobart; butter. Dales, M., Roxbury; butter. Danforth, Mrs. G. W., Stamford; butter. Dapson, T. H., Herkimer; cheese. Davey, Albert, Minden; cheese. Davis, D. R., East Steuben; cheese. Davis, F. E., Delhi; butter. Davis, F. W., North Jackson; butter. Davis. H-. ^y. cfc H. A., Andes; butter. Davis, Nathan, East Randolph; cheese. Davy, Wm. S. , Andes; butter. Day, Morris, Nicholville; butter. De Garmo, A. E. , llion; cheese. Denny, J. H., Walton; butter. Derns, M. L., Moira; butter. De Silva, W. J., Margaretville; butter. Dewe_y, L. L., Lawrenceville; buttei'. Dewitt, Mrs, J. C.,Bath; butter. Dexter, J. W., Lycoming; cheese. Dibble, Onslow, Franklin; butter. Dickinson, B. , So. Rutland; cheese. Dodds, Wm., Delhi; butter. Doughty, G. , Brookton; buttei;. Douglass, Geo. B., & Co., New York; cheese. Drurj', A. F., Canton; cheese. Dryden, Geo. J., Copenhagen; cheese. Dumond, W. F., Margaretville; butter. Duuaway, F. P., East Rodman; cheese. Dunn, A. T., Hobart; butter. Dygert, A.. Delhi; butter. Dygert, Peter, Kanona; butter. Fames, A. D., Solsville; cheese. Eastou, E. A., Roxbury; butter. Eastou, G. R., Lowville; cheese. Eddy, A. S.. McDonough; butter. Edmunds, P. W,, Sherman; cheese. Edwards, F. W., Sherman; butter. Effner, L. Dow, Jefferson; butter. Eldred, Zenas, Bridgewater, cheese. Elizabethtown Factory, Mohawk; cheese. Elhott, H. C, Buckton; butter. Empire Cheese Co., New Berlin; cheese. Empire State Factory. Clayton; cheese. Erickson, H. , Thornton; cheese. Erwin, Arthur J., Charlotte Center; cheese. Erwin, B. G., Sinclair ville; cheese. Erwin, W. M,, Charlotte Center; cheese. Erwin, James, Sinclair ville; cheese. Erwin, D. W. C, Massena; butter. Report on the Ageicultural Exhibit. 235 Evans, J. D. , Attica; cheese. Evans, Roland, Gleudale; cheese. Every, A., East Jleredith: butter. Every, Nehemiah, Delhi; butter. Farmer Factory, De Pauville; cheese. Farrell, James, Morr:stO"\vn; cbeese. Farrington, S. H., Delhi; butter. Faulkuer, Morris, Margaretvilie; butter. Feuiier, W. H., Southville; cheese. Ferris, Geo. L., Atwaters; butter. Fiuch, Thomas, Conkling Forks; butter. Finch, Victor, Trout Creek; butter. Finck, A., D3lhi; butter. Fiukle, Isaac, Shavertown; butter. Finster, ,T. E., Lacona; cbeese. FisUer, Geo. J., Delhi; butter. Fisher, Geo. W., Fraukliu; butter. Fisk, D., Owego; butter. Fitch, F. H., In. Hammond; cheese. Fitch, W. H., Lowville; cheese. Fitzgerald, W. J., Newport; cheese. Flaherty, M. H., Massena; cheese. Fletcher, James, Andes; butter. Forbes, R H., West Stockholm; butter. Ford, C. A,, Little Falls; cheese. Ford. J. W., Fairfield; cbeese. Forrest, W. S., Delhi; butter. Poster, John, Hermon; cheese. Frank, Wilber, Franklin; butter. Frazcr, E. C, Stamford; butter. Frisbee, L. R., East Meredith; butter. Fuller, Clark, Spragueville; cheese. Giillup, G. J , Hobart; butter. Garline, Seaman, Little Falls, butter, tiheese. Gates, F. H., &Son,Chittenango; butter. G.'iynor, Mrs. Maggie, East Martins- Ijurgh; cheese. George, Emil, Attica; cheese. George, James D., Delhi; butter. George, D, D. K., Andes; biuter. Gerber, John, New York; cheese. Getry, Alex,, Jordanville; cheese. Gibbs, A. S., Stamford; butter. Gibson, Mrs. F. F., Hobart; butter. Gifford, N. A., East Masonville; cheese. Gilbert, ^Y. 11. , Richland; cheese. Gillitt, Levi, Franklin; butter. Gilly, H. H., West Pierrepont; cheese. Gilson, Arthur, Canton; cheese. Gladstone, E., Andes; butter. Gladstone, J., Andes; butter. Gladstone, R,, Andes; butter. Gleason, Henry, Charlotte Center ; -cheese. Glcndening. John C, Delhi; butter. Goldsmith. John 'SI., Franklin; butter. Gooding, Henry B., Groton; butter. Goodrich, D. "a., South Champion; cheese. Gould & Bacon. Evans' Mills; cheese. Gove, A. E., Pamelia Four Corners; ■cheese. Gowanda Factory, Collins; cheese. Gowdy, F. C, West 31artinsburgh; cheese. Grant, Elmer, Stamford; cheese. Grant, H. L. , Rensselaer Falls; cheese. Grant, R. P., Clayton; cheese. Graves, B. M., Lowville; cheese. Graj', E. A., S. Hammond; cheese. Gray, 8. P., Winthrop; butter. Green, C. A., Warsaw; cheese. Green, Fred, De Kalb Junction; cheese. Green, H. J., Brier Hill; cheese. Green, W. F., Sherman; cheese. Gregory, S. , Stamford; butter. GregorV, Willard F., Stamford; butter. Griffith, Wm. S. , De Peyster; cheese. Griswold, G. M., Oswego; butter. Grove Spring Creamery Co., Big Flats; butter. Gurnsy, James, Woodhull; butter. Hall, Clarence L., Gouverneur; cheese, Hall, S. A., AVatertown; cheese. Hambleton, W. H., De Wittville; cheese. Hamilton, C. J., Stamford; butter. Hanford, C. O., East Meredith; butter Hanford, D., Croton; butter. Hanford, D. J., East Meredith; butter, Hanna, W. J., Lisbon Centre; cheese. Hardin, J. H., Delhi; butter. Hardy, John C, Copenhagen; cheese. Hardy, Oliver F., Buckton; butter. Harper, Henry, Sinclairville; cheese. Plarper, T. A., Shunila; cheese. Harrington, C. D,, Plymouth; butter. Harrington, Mrs. II. B., Castile; butter. Harris, J. B., Antwerp; cheese. Harter, H., Owego; butter. Harter, Norman, Little Falls; cheese. Harvej', Frank, South Stockton; cheese. Hawley, E. T., Pittsford; butter. Hawley, F. W., Pittsford; butter. Hay, John, Ogdensburgh; cheese. Hayden, C. L., Morristown; cbeese Haynes, E. M., Haj'nes; cheese. Hendry, C. M., Stamford; butter. Herley, Michael, Constableville; cheese. Hess, R., Hobart; butter. Hetheriugton, S., East Meredith; butter. Hildreth, Frank G., Herkimer; butter. Hill. H. H., West Pierrepont; checoe. Hinklej', Edward, Roxbury; butter. Holbert, John H., Chemung; butter. Ilolden, J. R., Franklinville; cheese. Holloway. E. A., Adams Centre; cheese. Holmes, Thos. , Lamont; butter. Holms, Walter C, Pulaski; cheese. Hotaling, John, Franklin; butter. Horton, W. H., S. Stockton; cheese. Howe, H. W., Madrid Springs; butter. Howland, E. B., Walton; butter. Howland, T. P. & O. L., Walton; butter. Hubbard, O. A.. Walton; butter. Hulbert, Jno., Chenango; butter. Hull, S., Sbavertown; butter. Hume, H. H., Delhi; butter. Humphrey Bros., Cherubusco; butter. 236 New Toek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. Hungerford, Mrs. Win., Ithaca; butter. Hunt, Chas. R., Franklin; butter. Huntington, Charles, Moons; cheese. Hurst, E. A., Macomb; cheese. Hutson, T. R., Delhi; butter. . Hygert, T. C, Andes; butter. , Ingalls, JolmR., New Kingston; butter. Ingalls. "William, Margaretville; butter. Irvin, D. W. C, Slassena; butter. Irvin, N. W., Poland; butter. Irwin, J. M., Sinclairville; cheese. Ives, Charles, Little Falls; cheese. Jack.son, J. T., Franklin; butter. Jackson, W. T., Charlotte Center; cheese. Johnson, Geo., Stamford; butter. Johnson, L. A., Collins; cheese. Johnson, M. J., Do Kalb June; cheese. Jones, W. S., Ruth; butter. Jordanville Factory, Mohawk; cheese. Kast Bridge Factory, Mohawk; cheese. Katsmeyer, A., West Ley den; cheese. Kaw, JMichael, BoouYillc; butter. Kay, Will. E., Herkimer; butter. Keaton, C. K., Roxbury; butter. Kelly, D. G., Roxbury; butter. Kemp, Mrs. Peter, Delhi; butter. Kemp, Robert, Delhi; butter. Kennedy, Wm., Stamford; butter. Kent, D. E., Watson; cheese. Kessler, Chas., Pojje; cheese. King, J. G., Andes; butter. King, JohnH. , Hobart; butter. Kinne}^ J. M. , Pine Bush; butter. Kirkland Creamery Co., Kirkland; butter. Kittle, Oren, Jasper; butter. Klopner, Fred. E., PortLeyden; cheese. Knox. L. J., Hermon; butter. Krom, B., Delhi; butter. Ladd, Danl., Canastota; cheese. Laloue, G. A., De Kalb June; cheese, Lanford, H. B., Franklin; butter. Lash, J. H., Lowville; cheese. Lathrop, H. N. , Franklin; butter. Laury, M. M., Stamford; biitter. Lawrence, Jno. C, Margaretville; butter. Lawrence & Darling, Chester; cheese. Leasworth, C. G., Forest vi He; cheese. Leath, R., Shavertowu; butter. Le Grange Creamery Co., Poughkeep- sie; butter. Lemon, H. H., Pope; cheese. Leonard, H. & T. C, Crary's Mills; butter. Lewis, Dell, Fredania; cheese. Lewis, F., Canadea; cheese. Lewis, John E., Morley; butter. Lincoln & Cramer, Canton; cheese. Lindsey, Grant, Attica; cheese. Line Road Factory, Cl.-iyton; cheese. Lints, S. P., Jr., East Schuyler; cheese. Little, George, Andes; butter. Lloyd, Samuel, Franklin; butter. Lowman, E. M., Lowman; butter. Luce, Elbert M., Charlotte Centre; cheese. Lull, G., Owego; butter. Lyn, John, Delhi; butter. McAdam, John, Forestville; cheese. McAdani, Wm., Ceutralia; cheese. McAllister, James, Moons; cheese. McBain, A. D. , Brockport; butter. McClaran, Robert A., Charlotte Center; cheese. McDonald, C. R., Delhi; butter. McDonald, Elmer, Kennedy; butter. McDonald, J. B., Van Hornesville; butter. McDonald, John T., Delhi; butter. McFarland, J. M,, Delhi; butter. McGibbon, D., Walton; butter. McGibbon, John, Walton; butter. McGilrojr & Hoag, Norwich; butter. McGrath, Thomas H., New Boston; cheese. McGregor, John A., Stamford; butter. Mcintosh, J., Roxbury; butter. McKinne}-, II. J., Pine Bush; butter. McLaury, D. P., Stamford; butter. McMillan, John, Dresserville; butter. McMundy, J. S., Delhi; butter. McNaught. C, Bovina Centre; butter. McQueen, C, Andes; butter. McQuinn, Martin, Burnliams; butter. Mable, George S., Delhi; butter. Mable, James D., Delhi; butter. Mable, R. A., Delhi; butter. Macomber, Wm. N., Margaretville; butter. Main, H. C, Hermon; butter. Malen, R., Delhi; butter. Mallory. L, , Moons; cheese. Maple Shade Creamery, Texas Valley; butter. Markham's Factory, Collins; cheese. Marsh, G. S., Cuba; cheese. Marsh, H. , Kennedy; cheese. Marshlield Factory, Collins; cheese. Martin, John R., North Blenheim; butter. Mason & Hunt, Sinclairville; cheese. Mason, P. P., Bath; butter. Matteson, Henry S., Morris; butter. Ma3'ham, Ralph, Stamford; butter. May ham, W. H., Stamford; butter. Mayne, H. S., Li.sbon Centre; cheese. Mead, M., Roxbury; butter. Meeker, C. J,, Roxbury; butter. Mellon, W. J.. Boonville; cheese, Merrill, Chas. E,, Franldin; butter. Merrill, Daniel W., Franklin; butter. Merrj', G., Verona; cheese. 3Ieyers, Chas, J,, Margaretville; butter. Middleman, J, R, , Madrid; butter. Middlemist, J., Walton; butter. Miller, A., Adams; cheese. Miller, D, H. , Rodman; cheese. Miller, JohnN., Bovina Centre; butter. Miller, M,. Bovina Centre; butter. Miller, Norman, Jenksville; butter. Kepoet on the Ageicultueal Exhibit. 237 Miller, W. E., Hobart; butter. Miller, Wm., E. Troupsburg; butter. Mills ifc JIunson, N. Frauklin; butter. Mitchell, H. H., East Meredith; butter. Montague, M., Sinclairville; cheese. Montgomery, C, JSTashville; cheese. Moon, T. E., Collins; cheese. Moore, C D., Lowville; cheese. Moore, E. G., Oxford; butter. Moore, H. L., Shavertowu; butter. M:)ore, J. Burke, O.xford; butter. Moore, Mrs. J. W., Bath; butter. Morehouse, Henry D., xVva; cheese. Morganstern, C. J., Attica; cheese. Moise, H., Roxburj'; butter. Morton, Le%'i P., Rhinecliil; butter. Morton, Wm. H., Attica; cheese. IMorts, Marion t'., Mohawk; cheese. Mowers, L. , Mill's Mills; cheese. Mowry, W. R., Oxford; butter. Mundy, J. R., Isorwich; butter. Munson, E S., Franklin; butter, Murph}-, Francis, pike; butter. Mussman, Augustus, Margaretville; butter. Myers, F, W., Mohawk; butter. Nelis, J. P., GravesFille; cheese. Neuenschwander, J. & J., Monroe; cheese. New York Agricultural Experiment Station, Geneva; cheese. Kichols, .John O., Harpersfield; butter. Nichols, Wm., Delhi; butter. Nicoll, W. K., Andes; butter. Noble, Mrs. H. M., Bath; butter. NorthruiJ, Frank, Wegatchie; cheese. Norton, Robert, & Co., Attica; cheese. Norton, W. H., South Stockton; cheese. Ogden Creamery, Franklin; butter. Olden, C. S. , Leon; cheese. Oliver, D A., Bovina Centre; butter. Oliver, .John, Collins; cheese. Oliver. R., Delhi; butter. Olmstead, A., Orwell; cheese. Olmstead, H.. East Walton; butter. One Thou.sand Island Factory, St. Lawrence; cheese. Osborne, W. D., Port Byron; butter. Owens, .Jas. H., Chenango; butter. Owenshire, F. C, Bath; butter. Oyer, Oscar, East Schuyler; cheese. Paine, John L., .Jordanville; butter. Palmer, D. P., Fr.anklin; butter. Palmer, R. H., Deposit; butter. Parker & Edgerton. Coventry; butter. Parker, J. H., Gouverneur; cheese. Parkhurst, J. I., Clymer; cheese. Parsons, .James, Moons; cheese. Pease, Howard N., Delhi; butter, cheese. Peaslee, F., East Iiandol]3h; cheese. Peaslee, W. T., East I?andolph; cheese. Peck, S., Delhi; butter. Penfield, Oren, Franklin; butter. Peters, Daniel W., Stamford; butter. Peters, Eber V., Stamford; butter. Peters, H., Turin; cheese. Peters, J. N., Stamford; butter. Petrie, Alphonso, Middleville; cheese. Phillips, C. 11., Addison; butter. Pickard & Baker, Ilermou; cheese Piersou, R., Walton; butter. Pitkin, L. S., Loraine; cheese. Place, C. Jj., Gouverneur; cheese. Piatt, H. N., McDonough; butter. Poll_y, C. S., Margaretville; butter. Porter, Geo. B., New Haven; cheese. Post, F. F., Delhi; butter. Potter, Chas. O., Franklin; butter. Powers, W. E., Forettville; cheese. Prentice, W., Owego; butter. Prentice, W. E., Newark Valley; butter. Price, 'Wm. II., New York; cheese. Purdy, Florence, McDonough; butter. Purdy, Geo. A., JIcDcnough; butter. Purdy, O. B., Downsvillc; butter. Purdy, Thomas, Green; butter. Putnam, Delos, Centralia; cheese. Quiulan, T. B., Van Horuesville; cheese. Race, E. E., Greene; butter. Ramsev, I-. Morristown; cheese. Rankin, L. G., Little Falls; cheese. Ransom, C. W., Dolgeville; cheese. Rathbun, G. H., Frauklin; butter. Raynor, Lewis .J., Copenhagen; cheese. Red Hook Creamery, Upper Red Hook; butter. Reed, J. J., Lansing; cheese. Reed, .James W., Caroline; butter. Reed. L. E., Sinclairville; cheese. Reed, Richard, Sinclair^'ille; cheese. Reed, William, Sinclairville; cheese Rees, IJ^. A., Lowville; cheese. Reilly, J. W.. Attica; cheese. Renolds, Geo., Theresa: cheese. Rexford, 0. W., Watertowu; butter. Rej-nolds, C. D., Roxbury, butter. Rice, .James, Little Falls; cheese. Rich, Frank, Bigelow; cheese. Richards, E., Owego; butter. Richardson, W. W., West Schuyler; cheese. Rider, F. A., Forestville; cheese. Roberts, Jos. J. , East Mei-edith ; butter. Robertson, JI., Bovina Centre, butter. Robertson, W. H., Delhi; butter. Rockwell, L. S. , Gilbertsville; cheese. Rogers, Chas S., Franklin; butter. Root, C. P., Gilbertsville; cheese. Rose, David, Ellington; cheese. Rose, E., Delhi; butter. Rothlisberger, R... New York; cheese. Rowlev, S. C, Ivennedy; cheese. Ruff, G. H., Stamford;" butter. Ruff, J. G., Margaretville; butter. Russell, James. Bovina Centre; butter. Russell. .Johu II., Bovina Centre; butter. Russell, John P., West Meredith; butter. Ru.ssell, S., Bovina Centre; butter. Rutherford, John T., Canton; butter. Rutherford, Thos. F., Madrid; butter. Rutherford, Walter, Madrid; butter. 238 IsTew York at the Wokld's Columbian ExposiTioisr. Rutherford, W., Waddington; butter. Rutherford, W. L., Waddington; butter. Salt Point Creamery, Salt Point; butter. Sanford, D. E., Nicholville; butter. Sanford, H. B., Franklin; butter. Sanford, M. C, Margaretville; butter. Sanford, K. J., Hopkinton; butter. Sanford, Ross M., Hobart; butter. Sanford, R. W., Margaretville; butter. Sanford, W. L., Walton; butter. Scheidell, Chas., Jefferson ville; butter. Searl, J. H., Lowville; cheese. Secor, Geo. E. , Randolph; cheese. Secor, R. C. , Sinclairviile; cheese. Secor, W. G., Pope; cheese. Shannon, M. A., Edenton; cheese. Sharp, J. J., Howard; cheese. Shattuck, J. B., Cherry Creek; butter. Shaver, Geo., Shavertown; butter. Shaw, A., Andes; butter. Shaw, J. B., Crary's Mills; butter. Shea, M. C, Attica; cheese. Sheffner, E. A., Edwards; cheese. Sheldon, G. B. & Son, Gouverneur; butter. Shepard, D. L., Mount Upton; butter. Shipman, Chas., Owego; Ijutter. Shoulette, C. J., Rossie; cheese. Shull, Josiah, Ilion; butter. Shults, A. M., State Line; butter. Sherruck Creamei-y, Slierruck; butter. Shutts, E. M,, Stamford; butter. Sibley & Rowley, Kennedy ; butter. Sigbee, James, Franklin; laulter. Simpson, D. C, Jasper; butter. Sinclair, W. A., Kanona; butter. Sisson, Geo. W., Potsdam; butter. Sloat, Zach, Franklin; butler. Slosson, Ira. Roxbury; butter. Slosson, J. B. , Roxbury; butter. Smith, Alex., E. Meredith; butter. Smith, Alpheus, Norwich; cheese. Smith, A. J., Mannsville; cheese. Smith, B. S., Roxbury; butter. Smith, Chas., East Meredith; butter. Smith, G. A., Frankfort; cheese. Smith, Irving, Richville; cheese. Smith, .Jackson, Herkimer; cheese. Smith, Jacob, Mundale; butter. Smith, James M., Bloomfield; butter. Smith, J. D., Walton; butter. Smith, John H. , Forestville; cheese. , Smith, Miss Jennie, Bath; butter. Smith, Monroe, East Randolph; cheese. Smith, Murray H., Sinclairviile; cheese. Smith & Powell, Syracuse; butter. Smith, R., Delhi; I5utter. Smith, T. W., Kanona; butter. Smith, W. B., Bovina Centre; butter. Smith, W. E., Gouverneur; cheese. Spencer, Wm. C, Lowville; cheese. Spink, E., Attica; cheese. Squires, Albert, Franklin; butter. Standard Butter Co., Owego; butter. Star Factor}' Co., Antwerp; cheese. Starin, B. F. , Kirk ville; cheese. Starkweather, R. G., Jordanville; cheese. Starly, Mathew, Margaretville; butter. Stary, L. , Kennedy; cheese. Stedman, Frank, Attica; butter. Steele, Thomas L., Delhi; butter. Steuber, S. S., Holland Patent; cheese. Steveus, A. A., Charlotte Center; cheese. Stevens, M. E., Charlotte Center; cheese. Stevens, Nelson, West Groton; butter. Stewart, C. W., Stamford; butter. Stewart, Hector, Stamford; butter. Stewart, J. B., Delhi; butter. Stewart, John, Stamford; butter. Still, C. B. , Theresa; cheese. Stockton, S. J., Coijenhagen; cheese. Stockwell, Frank, Copenhagen; cheese. Stone, E. L., Mannsville; C'lieese. Stone, Manly, E. Randolph; cheese. Stoutenberg, C. L., Dehli; butter. Stoutenburg, W. G. , Delhi; cheese. Straight, J. P., Laona; cheese. Strangeway, J. L. , Andes; butter. Stradling, Thos., & Son, Hamilton; butter. Sunlan, J., Delhi; butter. Suttle, R., Downsville; butter. Sweetiand, H. S., Randolph; cheese. Swift, G. G, Jordanville; cheese. Swift, Nathan W., Paines Hollow; cheese. Tabor, James E., Centralia; cheese. , Talcott, C. H., Massena Springs; butter. Taylor, Clayton C, Lawton Station; butter. Taylor, H. P., Stamford; butter. TeflEt, Geo. H., South Stockton; cheese. Tefft, Lewis, South Stockton; cheese. Telford, T., Delhi; butter. Thomas, D. G., Alexander; cheese. Thompson, A. C, Owego; butter. Thompson, A. N., Delhi; butter. Thomp.son, John M., Delhi; butter. Thompson, J. R., Delhi; butter. Thompson, Thomas, Sinclairviile; cheese. Thompson, Wm., Delhi; butter. . Todd, D. & 0., Margaretville; butter. Torn, C. G., Hobart; "butter. Tower, L. H., Moons; cheese. Travor, Walter, Days ville; cheese. Truesdell, H. E., Canton; cheese. Tschumey, S. , Constableville; cheese. Tucker, O. J., Newport; cheese, Tuthill, Edw. E., Stamford; butter. Tuttle, A. L., South Edmeston; cheese. Tuttle, C. D., East Randolph; cheese. Tuttle, C. L., East Randolph; cheese. Tuttle, E. E., Jefferson; butter. Tweedie, A. B., Walton; butter. Union Factory, Collins; cheese. Valkins, Edward, Attica; cheese. Van Akin, J. D.. Loomis; butter. Van Amburgh, Eber, Stamford; butter. Van Benschoten, H. 0., Margaretville; butter. X X < a Eepoet on the Ageicultueal Exhibit. 239 Van Demark, W. , Owcgo; butter. Van Dyke, Edward, Delhi; butter. Van Etten, E. . Owego; butter. Van Horn, N., Korth Bay; cheese. Van Wagner, Jared, Lawyersville; butter. Var_v. W. H., Harrisburgh; cheese. Wafer, James, Kcwville; cheese. Wager, D. A., North Brookfield; cheese. Wait, M. R,, Canton; cheese. Waketield, C. B. , Kennedy; cheese. Walker, .J. B., Attica; butter. Walker, J. W.. Charlotte Center; cheese. Walker, W. H., Sinclairville; cheese. Walters, L. , Newark Valley; butter. Wtilworth, H. A., Greene; butter. Water, D. W., Rice's; cheese. Waterman, J., Owego; butter. Weaver, Fred., Cherry Creek; butter. Weller, J. S., Fairfield; cheese. West Concord Factor\', Collins; cheese. Western. H. L., Canton; cheese. Wheat, J. F., Croton; butter. Wheelock, S. C, North Winfield; cheese. White, John W., Hobart; butter. Whitford, Leroj', Stow; butter. Wiglesworth, Mrs., Russell; cheese. Wilber, Frank, Franklin; butter. Wilcox, C. C, Oswego Falls; butter. Wilcox, James, Shavertown; butter. Wilder, J. D., Centralia; cheese. Williams, T. J., Remsen; cheese. Williams, W. D., Malone; butter. Wilson, Cyrus B., Fredonia; cheese. Wilson, W. R., Delhi; butter. Winchester, M. D., Attica; cheese. Winter, Jno. W., New Kingston; butter. Winter, Robt. A., Margaretville; butter. Winter, Wm, T. , New Kingston; butter. Wood, John, Ruth; butter. Wood, James L., DeKalb June.; cheese. Wood, J. M. & C. A., Ruth; butter. Wooster, C. A., North Hammond; cheese. Worden Bros., Andes; butter. Wright, Abner C, Wellsburgh; butter. Wright, Geo. R., Marcy; cheese. Wyman, J. B., Orwell; butter. Yoemans, Mrs. Wm., Delhi; butter. Young, George, North Hammond; cheese. Young & Young. Fillmore; cheese. Youngling, Louis, New York; cheese. Zoar Factory, Collins; cheese. ZoUer, J., Little Falls; cheese. INDIVIDUAL EXHIBITS. GEOCP 1. CEEEALS, GRASSES. American Cereal Co., New York; fari- j Henderson, Peter, & Co., New York; naceous foods, etc. field seed. Conklin, E. W., & Son., Binghamton; Whitney, Noyes Seed Co., Bingham- seed. I ton; seed. GEOUP 2. BEEAD, BISCUITS, STAECH, ETC, Co., New Columbia ^lacaroni Mfg York; macaroni. Durkee, E. R., & Co., New York; bak- ing powder. Kingsford & Son, Oswego; starches. National Starch Mfg. Co., New York: starches. New York Biscuit Co., New York: crackers, etc. Thacher, H. D., & Co., Potsdam, N. Y, baking powder. GEOUP 6. -SCGAES, SYEUPS, COXFECTIONEEY, ETC. American Sugar Refining Co., New York; sugars. Curtice Bros. Co., Rochester, N. Y.; maple syrup. Dietrich & Co., New York; confection- ers' and bakers' trimmings. Geneva Experiment Station, Geneva; sorghum cane, sugar, syrup. Hastings, Matthew E., New York Mills, N. Y. ; beekeepers' supplies. Little, Malcora, Malcom, cane syrup. Jlaillard, Henry, New York; confec- tionery. McCullum, John, Caledonia; sorghum. McKeel, Isaac, Poplar Ridge; amber cane syrup. McMillan, James, Fairport; amber cane syrup. National Starch Mfg. Co., New York; glucose. Overbaugh & Hartman, New York; confectioners' cartoons. Schall & Co., New York; confectionery ornaments. Worthington, H. R., New York; sugar pumps. 240 Nkw York at 'niE World's Cor-uMniAN Exposition. GROUP 6. — FOOD PRKPAKATIONS. American Lactose Co., NcwYovli; milk sugars. J5ovineCo., New Yoriv; extract beef. Curtice Bros., liocliester, N. Y.; canned meats. (Uirtico, Olucy Co., Bocliester, N. Y., ciuuied corn, etc. JX'ulirriau, Mariner O., New Yorlc; mat- zoou iiud mutzol. Erie Preserving Co., Buffalo, N. Y.; canned vegetables. Franco- American Food Co., New Yorlv; soups, etc. Humbert, Henry & Co., Brool'ilyu, N. Y., ,ie!!y, soups. New Yoric C'ondensed Milli Co., New Yorlv; condensed milk. Beliepp, JjCopold, New York; coeoanut. GKOUP Y. DAIRY AND DAIRY PRODUCTS. Do Laval Separator Co., New York cream separators, etc. Diamond Balance Cliurn Co., Ballston cliurns. Elswortb, Edward, & Co., New York dog biscuit. Genesee Salt Co., New York; salt. Hansen's, Chr., Laboratory, Little Falls; butter aud elieese. Jack Frost Freezer Co., New York; ice cream freezers. Marquis James B., Norwich; butter, etc. Scoville, E. N., Manlius; faucets. Thacber Manufacturing Co., Potsdam; dairy supplies. Watson, Abraham, New York ; ice cream freezers. Wortliington, H, R., New York; pumps, and condensers. GROUP 8. — T15A, COFFEE, SPICES, AROMATIC AND VEGETABLE SUBSTANCES. Maillard, Henry, New York; cocoa, etc. Nash, Whiton&Co., New York; spices, Antonsaurti, M., & Co., New Dorp; sauces. Consolidated Cigarette Co., New York; cigarettes. Curtice Bros., Rochester; tomato cat- sup. i)urkee, E. R., & Co., New York; .spices, sauces, etc, Elliuger, Jidius, & Co., New York; cigars. Gart^ia, F. A., & Co., New York; cigars. Gulden, ('has.. New York; mu.stard. Kerbs, Wertlieim & SliilTer, New York; cigars. Lozauo, Pendas & Co., Now York; cigars. etc. New York Condensed Milk Co., New York; extract of colTee. Oltcnberg, L., & Co., New York; cigars. Stahl, Jacob, Jr., New York; cigars. Sanchez & Haya, New York; cigars. Seidenberg & Co., Now York; cigars. Staehlberg, M., & Co., New "York;, cigars. "Surbrug, John W ., New York ; tobacco. Upniann, Carl, New York; cigars, Ybor, V. M., & Maurara, New York;, cigars. GROUP 9. ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE FIBRES. Eugelberg Huller Co., Syracuse; cotton I Wallis, Lispenard, Cotton Picker and gin. I Machinery Co., New York; cotton picker. GROUP 10. MINERAL WATERS. (See, also. Mines and Mining Catalogue, pa.ge 358.) Goode, Thomas P., Buffalo; mineral 1 Morgan, John, New York; mineral water. | water. GROUP 1.1. — WHISKIES, CIDER AND ALCOHOL. (See, also, Viticulture Catalogue, pages 348-351.) Curtice Bros. Co., "Rochester; vinegar. Franchi, Emilio M., New Yorlv; ver- mouth. Osborn, John, Son & Co., New York; rve whiskev. ' Wolfs, Udolpho, Son &Co., New York;, schnapps. GROUP 12. MALT LIQUORS. Beadleston & Woerz, New York; lager, beer, etc. Evans, C. H., Hudson; ale. Mayer, David, Brewing Co., New York;, lager, ales. Report on the Agricultukal Exhibit. 241 GROUP 13. — FARM MACHINERY. Worthiugtou, H. R., New York,- distillery pumps. GRO0P 14. FARM BUILDINGS. Bucklej', C. E., Dover Plains; stable I Thompson, A. L., East Avon; fastener fitting. I for wire fenee. GROUP 10. — FARM TOOLS AND MACltlNKRY. Adriance, Piatt & Co,, Poughkeepsie; binder, reaper, etc. Amcricau Tillage Co., New York; steam plow and seeder. Astor, John Jacob, New York; road improver. Birdsall Co., Auburn; thresher and separator. Champion Drill Co., Avon; grain drills. Chanler, John A., New York; method for constructing roads. Climax Koad Machine Co., Marathon; road machine. Clipper Chilled Plow Co., Elmira; plows, harrows, etc. Columbian Ccrdage Co., Auburn; bind- ing twine. Dederick, P. K., & Co., Albany ; mounted engine. Empire Drill Co., Shortsville; grain drills. Eugelberg Huller Co., Syracuse; rice and eollee huller. Eureka Mower Co., Utiea; mower. Gillette Clipping Machine Co., New York; horse clipping machine. Hendricks, D. B., Kingston ; baling presses. Johnston Harvester Co., Batavia; har- vester and binder. Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co., Syracuse; manure spreader. Morgan, D. S., & Co., Brockport; har- rows and hoes. Osborne, D. M., & Co., Auburn; harrows. Slauson, Daniel, Pulton; iron gate. Stevens, A.AV., & Son, Auburn; thresh- ing machine. Superior Land Roller Co., Geneva;, field rollers. Syracuse Chilled Plow Works, Syra- cuse; plows, etc. Touslej' Harvester Co., Jamestown; harvester, etc. AVestinghouseCo., Schenectady; thresh- ers. Wood, Walter A., Mowing and Reap- ing Machine Co., Hoosick Falls; har- vester, etc. GROUP 17. FERTILIZERS. Grace, Wm. R., & Co., soda potash, etc. New York; Knox, Chas. B., Johnstown; gelatine. McLeish, E. E., &Co., Buffalo; gelatine. GROUP 18. — OILS, SOAPS, ETC. American Cotton Oil Co., New York; cotton seed oil, etc. Baker Castor Oil Co. , New York; castor oil. Baumer, Francis, Syracuse; candles and beeswax. Dall, Chas, Newburgh; cloth renovator. Eckerraami & Will, Syracuse; beeswa.v and caudles. Miller, Wm. P., Co., Brooklyn; lubri- cating compound. Noonen, T. H., & Co., New York; clotlies cleaner. Phcenix Candle Co., New York; candles. Scoville, E. U., Maulius; hay fork pulleys. Ward, Everett, New York; soaps and soap powder. DEPAETMENT B. GROIQ' 21. Exhibits classed in other departments, but installed in this: Erie Preserving Co., Buffalo; preserved fruits. DEPARTMENT C. GROUP 3-1. Exhibits installed in other departments but allied to this: Lindemann, O., & Co., New York; bird cages. DEPARTMENT E. GROUP 48. Nash, Whiton & Co., New York; salt. 31 REPORT ON THE IIORTKULTIIRAL EXHIBIT, VITICULTURE. Br GEORGE C. SNOW, Penn Yan, Superintendent. In 184-G tlie jN^ew York city market for grapes was broken linder pressure of a shipment of 2l10 to 300 pounds sent hy way of the Erie ■canal by a grower in the Keuka lake district. In the season of 1890 there was shipped from this same distidct to varions distributing markets, 20,000 tons, or 40,000,000 pounds, of grapes. This was, of course, independent of tlie amount sold to makers of wine. The total shipments of table grapes from the New York State district in the season of 1S90 amounted to 98,000,000 pounds. It appears fi'om the same census bulletin from which these figures are drawn that tlie grape crop of New York returns in money value to the grower more than that of California. For the present year the aggi-egate yield of grapes for the table in this State will not be less than 100,000 tons. The fact that New York's position as a grajie-growing and wine- producing State is not generally known or fully appreciated, fui'nished an additional reason for organizing a bureau of viticulture as a branch of the State exhibit. The classification of the exposition called for an exhibit of the grape and its products ; the methods of pruning and training vines ; packages for marketing grapes ; the literature and, statistics of viticulture. The appointment of the superintendent was not made till October, 1892, somewliat too late to secure an adequate collection of many varieties of the crop of that year for exhibition in 1S93. A satisfactory exhibit was, however, brought together under the following division of the exposition classification : Class 119 — The vhie and its varieties — shown by living examples, by cuttings, by engravings, photographs, etc. Class 120 — Methods of planting, staking and training the vine. Class 122 — Grapes for table. Class 123 — Grapes for wine making. Class 125 — Methods of and appliances for cultivating, harvesting, curing, packing and shipping grapes. Class 126 -- \¥hite wines. Class 127 — Red wines. Class 128 — Sweet wines. Class 129 — Spaflvling wines, champao'ne. Class 131 — Brandy of all kinds. In class 119 a fine collection of photographs, containing forty plates, was made. By permission and through the courtesy of L. H. Bailey, professor of horticulture at Cornell IJniversitv, these were selected from liis large private collection, and illustrated in detail the principal methods of pruning and training the vine used most extensively in the State. In addition to these, sixteen typical grape vines were cut Eepoet on the Yiticultcee Exhibit. 243 from their roots at the surface of the ground in the vineyards, tahen from tlie trellis carefully, boxed and transported to the nursery grounds at the exposition. Here they -were placed on a trellis of the same material and style as the one from which taken, and showed precisely as liefore removal. These vines were from the vineyards of William D. Barnes, of Middle Hope, illustrating the KnifEen system ; from those of G. E. Emmerson, of Loekport, illustrating the modified Kniii'en system, and from those of G. C. Snow, of Penn Yan, and Eb. G. Coleman, of Bluff Point, illustrating the renewal system. A further photographic display was made on eight by ten cards of the many varieties of grapes native to the State. TJiese were mounted on large cards, twenty-two by twenty-eight, and exhibited in cabinets. Class 120 was well represented by the trellis required for exhibiting the vines desci'ibed as being placed in the nursery in the preceding class ; the training, by replacing the vines on the trellis in the same position in which they liad been trained in the vineyard previous to removal. In classes 122 and 123, grapes for table use and wine making, an exhibit was shown which excelled anything of the kind ever made in quality and quantity ; 295 varieties were shown. It would be proper to divide the display in two periods, one of the crop of 1892, and the other the crop of 1S93, as the State was awarded a medal and diploma on each. Owing to the lateness of the season at which the work of collection was begun in 1S92, most of the varieties wanted had become too ripe to be of value for holding. Three vari- eties, Catawbas, from the vineyard of George S. Sheppard, Dianas, from the vineyards of Harvey D. Pratt, and Isabellas, from the vineyard of Frank Kinyoun, all situated on Bluif Point, Lake Keuka, were selected. They were placed in cold storage at Penn Yan about ISTovember 1, 1892, and there held until spring ; about thirty cases in all. Four cases were forwarded by express to tlie exposition in time foi- the open- ing. In the meantime, the rest were sent forward by freight and placed in the Cold Storage Building on the exposition grounds, being taken thence to the Horticultural Building as needed. Fresh grapes of the three varieties were exhibited from Slay first, the opening day, to August first. During a large part of this time there were 150 plates on exhibition, about evenly divided as to varieties among the above- named. In the fire, which consumed the Cold Storage Building with its contents, on July 12, 1893, eight cases of Xew York grapes were destroyed. But for this loss, fresh grapes would have been exhibited in good condition from the beginning to the end of the exposition, from the State of New York. Xo room being assigned by the expo- sition authorities for the display of grapes alone, space was, of necessity, used in the pomological department ; in consequence of this, a smaller display was made than would have been under other circumstances. The crop of 1893 l)egan to arrive on the fifteenth day of August, the first being of the Champion variety, sent by William D. Barnes, of Middle Hope, X. Y. ; others followed in rapid succession from that sec- tion. The State Experiment Station at Geneva, came next, with twenty varieties, on September fourth ; and Mr. G. E. Ryckman, of 244 Nk\y York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Broctoii, Cliiiutiin(|aa eoiinty, Bciit a imiuber of varieties on Septem- ber tiftli. These Jot-aiities represent tlie eastern, central and western portions of the State. On September sixteentli 51(i j)lates were dis- played, and during the month of October about 1,2U0 were constantly in evidence. This display was continually changing, and to keep it in perfect condition, reqnii'ed the replacing on an average of 150 plates daily. Particular attention was paid to tiie arrangement of the exhibit, so that new varieties might be compared M'ith old ; also, that the keep- ing ([ualities of the different \'arieties could be tested. The most cai'e- ful attention was given to correct nomenclature, and every o])|)ortunity was afforded those from abrosid, or unfamiliar with the fruit, to gain desired information ; a competent attendant was always present to answer inquiries. Many new varieties Avei'e exhibited. Among the most j)rominent contributors of these were the New York Expei'iment Station at (ieneva; J). S. Marvin, of Watertown ; J. S. Copley, of Stapleton ; I'^lhvanger & Itariy, of IJochester ; and W. II. Millspaugh, of Branchport. The largest cluster of grapes exhibited during the exposition from any place was grown and contributed by David M. Dunning, of Auburn, N. Y., and weighed nine and one-half pounds. No distinction was made as between grapes for wines and grapes for the table, as nearly all our native \'arieties and their hybrids are used for both purposes. Several wine companies made an exhibit of the grapes M'hich they use. The grapes exhibited were contrilnited by ]70 growers, situated in different parts of the State. A circular of insti'uc- tions concerning packing, together witli printed shipping tags, mailed to a large nnndjer of growers, resulted in the fruit arriving in good order and with very few exceptions in good time. Except in the case of the fruit placed in cold storage in the fall of 1892, the entire exhibit Avas com])osed of fruit contributed by growers distributed o\'ei' a very wide territory of the State. Their names and the \'arieties re[)resented will l)e fouiul in the catalogue. In class 119 the State of Hew York I'eceived an award for photo- graplis of vines and models of training, etc. In class 122 the State of New Yoi'k received an award for its exliibit of grapes of the crop of 1892. Also an award for its display of grapes of the crop of 1893. In classes J 19 and 122 the State of New York and private exhibit- ors from the State received more awards than all the other States combined. In class 12;") live manufacturing com])anies made entries of baskets and other devices for the safe slii].)meut oi fruit from the vine- yards to the various markets. No exhibits were made in this class from otlier States oi' countries. Situated in tlie gallery of the Udrtli pii\iliiin, where there was ample ' room, these exhibits could be thoroughly examined by all interested, and as each de\'iceK-was used in transp(irting the fruit to the exposi- tion, their ])ractical value was fairly tested. Winks. Next to California New York was the lai-gest exhibitor of American wines. A mucli more imjiressive showing could ha\-e been made by the State had it been in one space instead of the three, which the Report ox the Yitutltuke Exiiihit. 245 exigencici? of the department coinpellcd lis to accept. The exiiihit in the gallery occupied 3-1:2 square feet of space and on the ground tioor SGi square feet. Exhibits wei'e made by sixteen manufacturers of witio and eight of brandy. The tests made at this exposition will tend to establish and contirni tlie fact that wines, especially champagnes, nuule in this State are of good quality and will serve to demonstrate that the indnstry must rapidly inci'oase and soon become one of the leading sources of our wealth. New York is already the second State in wine production in the United States and the out])nt is rapidly increasing. Some improTements in methods must be accepted in the near futui'e, upon \j-liicli will rest a large share of further success. One in partic- ular applies not only to New York State, but to all manufacturers throughout the United States. The fault into which most manufac- turers seem to fall is in making too many varieties of wines from grapes grown in any one locality. It is a recognized fact in the old wine-producing districts abroad, that special kinds of M-ines are best iu limited localities, and even the best quality of a given variety is still more limited in area, even to a single trellis in a vineyard. This is the opinion after hundreds of years' experience, and results in the produc- tion of wines with world-wide i-ejiutatious. The results of the Chicago Exposition fully l)ear out this view. Some localities will warrant a tine claret, soiue excel in ])ort and sherry, while othei's ])roduce fine M'ines named for the grajies from wliich made, and whicli excel, as the grape excels, in that locality. New York State has three sections where the grapes grow to ])er- fection. The first is the Hudson liiver district; the second, the Cen- tral or Lake section, and the third the C!iautau(jua district, situated near the Lake Erie shore in Cliautau<|ua county. From each some line wines were shown. From the Hudson came the fine exhibit made by the Brotherhood AVine Company, whose cellars are at Washington- ville, Orange county. The business was organized about fifty years ago, and some choice M-ines made before 1850 are still in the vaults. CJliautauqna county was well represented by E. (t. Ryckman, of Brocton, and ]Messrs. Fidler iV Skinner, of Portland. J\[any varieties of wines from these two cellars were of the vintages of 1805, isTu, 187-i and later. The Brocton Wine C'ompany, under a difl'cri'ut management, Ijegan business in 1859, and has l)cen enlarged until the floor space now occupied is uearly 13,000 square feet. By fur the largest portion of wines made in the State is on the shores of Lake Keuka and vicinity. The j)lanting of vines began here in 18-12. There was no organized com])any for the wine manufactui'e until the organization of the Pleasant A'alley Wine Company in 18()(). Champaij;ne is the leading kind of wine niade by this coin])any, the "Great Western Extra Dry" being the best brand. From this begin- ning has grown a large iiulustry, and numcj-ous firms are now located in the district, the most prominent l^eing the Germania AYine C!ellars, the Columbia Wine Cellars and the Crescent Wine Company. The capacitv of the Pleasant \"alley Wine Company, for the manufacture of champagne, has been nearly doubled within tiio jnist year. Tlje 24:6 New Yoek at the World's Columbimst Exposition. Germania Wine Cellars occupy a very pleasant location on the hillside near the Pleasant valley. This company coutines its ener2;ies to the making of champagne and a few varieties of still wines. The leading l)rand of champagne is the " Excelsior." The post office of this vicinity of the Lake district is Eheims. It should be noted tliat all, or nearly all, of the makers of 'wines are growers as well of grapes which they nse for their wines. The Hammondsport Wine Company is situated in the village of Hammondsport. Tlie jDrincipal business for many years was still wines but of late they have been making a fine brand of champagne, known as the " Golden Age." There are various other wine cellars in the village. About four miles from Hammondsport is the Urbana Wine Cellar on the west shore of the lake. Tlie lead- ing production of this company is chamjjagne, the leading brand being the " Gold Seal," though much still wine is made. The plant has been nearly, if not quite, doubled within the past two years. This com- pany was organized in 1865, and they are extensive growers of grapes. Two or three miles further down the lake, at Gibson's Landing, is the Keuka Wine Comj^any, organized a little later than the Urbana Com- pany. The principal business has been the making, of still wines, but for a few years they have been making champagne. The leading brand is the " L. K. W." The Helvetia Wine Cellar is located at Keuka, on the easterly side of the lake, and manufactures still wines exclusively. At Penn Yan are situated the wine cellars of the Empire State Wine Company, the Hammondsport Vintage Conipanj^ and otlier makers. The leading productions of these companies are still wines, though the Empire Company is beginning to make chamjjagne. The Irondequoit Wine Company have tlieir vineyards and wine cel- lars on the shores of the Irondequoit bay, near Rochester. They are producers of still wines, niade and sold entirely for medicinal purposes. Messrs. H. T. Dewey & Sons, though situated in tlie city of New York, have a lai-ge percentage of their wines made on the shores of Lake Keuka. They exhibited champagne as well as many varieties of still wines. Seneca lake was represented by wines from the cellar of LI. T. (fe J. D. Henderson. They are makers of a few varieties of very good wines and are extensive growers of grapes as well. Nearly all the wine mtdiers make brandy, some of them of a very good quality, as will be seen by examination of the lists of awards made at the exposition. The Pleasant Valley, Urbana, Germania and Brocton companies, in addition to their exhibit of wines, made exhibits of the graj^es from which their wines are manufactured. There may be found a number of otlier wine cellars in various localities in the State. The ones mentioned are those who made exhibits of their pro- ducts at the exposition. New York is the leading State in the production of American cham- pagne and is only surpassed in the amount of still wines hj California. The list made at the exposition will tend to establish and confirm the fact that wines made in this State are of good quality, especially the champagnes, and indications are tliat the business is rapidly increasing and soon to become one of the leading industries of the State. A Report on the Viticultuee Exhibit. 247 mimber of wine makers exliihited in all the five classes for wines and brandy as named in the official classification, viz.: Class 126 — White wines; Class 127 — Red wines; Class 128 — Sherries, Madeira and Port; Class 129 — Sparkling wines, and Class 131 — Brandy. Details of the names of exhibitors and the products shown are given in the catalogues. A ver}' creditable exhibit of wines was made other than those from the grajie, such as currant, elderljerry, raspberry and blackberry wine. Of unfermented grape juice six manufactui'ers sent exhibits. This is a comparatively new product, being non-alcoholic, but embodying all there is in the grape, except the skin and seeds. A novel and interesting feature was the exhibit of cider bi-andy made by nine different pro- ducer's, seven of whom received awards. Thirty-one Kew York exhib- itors of wines and brandies received awards. CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- MENT B, HORTICULTURE. COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT. GEOUP 20. GEAPES AND AVINES. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF ESHIBITOKS OP GRAPES. Almy, W. C, Dundee; Archer, F. B., Ripley; Allen, H., Clarkson; Andrews, Paris, Perry. Barnes, W. D., Middle Hope; Brown, W. B,, Newburg; Brooks, Emma, High- land; Barnes, Frank, Newburg; Burton, H. A., Ripley; Bentley, S. P., Side Hill, Chautauqua Co.; Bateley, Mrs., Ripley; Benson, J. S., Riplej'; Baker, Emorj% Ripley; Barber, C. H., Ripley; Barrett, W. A., Ripley; Bradt, Cornelius, Castile; Balbridge, C. J., Kendaia; Bassett, Peter, Jr., Branchport; Bailey, Wm., Church- ville; Babcock, Arnold, Branchport; Brown, Julia, Ripley; Burgess, A. J., Ripley; Barnes, H. 51., Sodus. Crissy, S. S., Fredonia; Chase, Geo. S., Beuneltsburg; Coryell, L. H., Portland; Conle)^ E. M., Waterbury; Crawford Bros., N. East; Cristy, B., Ripley; Crouch, W. W.. Ripley; Crocker, W., & Sou, Ripley; Case, C. W., Ripley; Chautau- qua & N. E, Grape Union, Brocton; Coe, Daniel, Highland; Cadwell, R. L. . Broc- ton; Cranston, Geo,, Sheridan; Cadwell, A. J., Port Byron; Case, Mrs. M. F., Rip- ley; Colvin, Mary, Ripley; Copley, Chas. J., Stapleton. Dill, Robert, N, East; Dunning, B. M., Auburn. Edgerton, E. I., Himrods; Ely, Wm., Hector; Eddy, O , Ripley; EUwanger & Barry, Rochester. Pay & Kelley, Brocton; Fletcher, O. B., Marlborough; Ferrant, J. A., Ripley; Farnham, H. McN., Ripley: Felton, G. J., Ripley; Fairchild, O. H., Hammonds- port. Gelder, W. V., Dresden; Gleason, W. B. , Westfield ; Germania Wine Co., Ham- mondsport ; Garrell, M., Westfield; Garlock, N. H., Sheridan; Gilletts, Mrs. M. S., Perry; Gay, to P., Ripley; Gardi- ner, A., Middle Hope; Gridley, A., Penn Yan. Hampton, Edward S., Spring Brook; Hardenbrook, E. & I., Willard;" Hamlet, E. E., Sheridan; Hortou, Joel, Covert; Hart & Scott, Penn Yan; Harris, Wm, H., Brocton; Haslitt, J. R., Hector. Inbury, G., Ripley. Johnson, J. M., Ripley; Jones, E., Ripley; Jones, R. M., Ripley. King & Robinson, Trumansburg; Keith, James, Ripley; Kingsley, E. T., Rijjley. Leet, C E., Mooreheadville; Little, T. B., Ripley; Lewis, H. T., Ripley; Leet, C. A., Mooreheadville; Lewis, A. J., Rip- ley; Lewis, C. C, Westfield; Long Point Vinej-ard Co., Dresden; Little, Edith, Ripley; Lobbett, J. J,, North Ridgeway. Millspaugh, W. H., Branchport; Marvin, D. S., Watertown; Mason, O. L., Ripley; Moorehead,- M., Mooreheadville; Milligan, A. J., Mooreheadville; Murphy, W. H., Ripley; Morse, A.. Ripley; Ma- son, G. W., Ripley; Miner, H. T., Sheridan; Moore, Jacob, Attica. New York E.xperiment Station, Geneva. Ontbank, Geo. W., Ripley, Olin, B. P., North Hector. Perrj', A. R., Dresden; Pleasant Val- ley Wine Co., Rheims; Putman & Wcr- den, Fayetteville ; Peterplace, J.. Ripley ; Porte, C. R,, Ripley; Pater.son, J. W., Riplej'; Peabody, A. S., Ripley; Pierce, P. P., Ripley; Purdy, J., Penn Yan; Payne, J. J., Sodus; Parker, J, J., Rip- ley; Purdy, F. H., Bluff Point. Quinn, Johu, Ripley. Rj'ckman, G. E., Brocton; Reeder, Ly- man, Starkej'; Rice, C. VI.. Ripley; Ran- dall & Eddy, Ripley; Randall, Frank, Ripley; Royce, N. H., Ripley; Roberts, John'B., Carlton; Reed, 0. F., Romulus; Rice & Hunt, Ripley; Roberts, Johu F., Syracuse. Snow, G. C, Penn Yan; Seneca Lake Grape Co., Himrods; Stebins, H. P., Rip- ley; Schutt, Wm , Ripley; Spencer, Fiank. Ripley; Spitser, E. E., Ripley; Spencer, J. W., Westfield; Smith, H., Sheridan; Sheppard, Geo. S.. Penn Yan; Shelby, F. M , Sheridan; Sutton, E. & N., Ovid: Sauford, L. H., Gaines. Tompkins, Morris, Germantowu: Tres- cott, B. F., Pavihon; Tolles, E. B., Sheridan; Town, S. Chester. Castile; Tabor, A. M., Perry; Turner, J. B., On- tario; Tallman, C'. W., Batavia; Tuzer, Howard H., Bristol Springs; Tabor, H. E., Castile. IJrbana Wine Co. , Hammondsport. Van Vleet, A. & H. , North Hector. Eepoet on the Viticulture Exhibit. 249 Wells, S. J., Fayetteville; Welsh, B. H., Pittsford; Walkei', T. J.. Ripley; Wash- burn, A., Ripley; 'Whitehall. S. T., N. East; Wallace, L. E., Ripley; Woodruff, W., Ripley; AVisuer, Ellen, Ripley; Wood- ruff, J. B., Ripley; Wisner, Chas., Ripley; Whitney, C. P., Orleans. LIST OF V.^KIETIES OF GRAPES ON EXIIIBITIOX. Advance; Agawam; Amber Queen; Allen's Hybrid; August Giant; Adiron- dac, Aminia; Alma; Ambrosia; Alva. Brighton; Beagle; Bacchus; Beauty Black Pearl; Brown's Seedling; Bennett Babcock; Barry; Burnett; Black Taylor Boadicta; Barbarrossa. Croton; Clevener; Ceutenial; Clinton; Concord Seedling; Catawba; Creveling; Chautauqua (black); Cayuga; Char- ter Oak; Chautauijua (white); Canonicas; Concord X Vidpiua (10); Canada; Concord X Vulpina (2); Cranca; Cynthiana; Can- by's August; Columbia; Colerain; Cor- dello; Calypso; Corby; Champion; Cot- tage; Crystal Seedling; Concord. Delaware; Downing; Dracut Amber; Duchess; Diana; Diana Seedling; Dela- ware Seedling (white); Delaware Seedling (red); Don .Juan; Dingwell's AVhite; Dart- mouth; D'Elboux; Dai.sy. Early Victor; Early Ohio; Emeulan; Empire State; Elvibach; Elsinburgli; Earlj- 31,-irket; Elvira; Early Dawn; Eaton; Essex; Etta; Elvicanod. Faith; F;;vorite. Green Mountain; Grayson; Gov. Ire- land; Gaertner; Geneva; Germania; Grein's Golden; Goethe; Glenfield; Golden Grain; Gold Dust; Golden Drop. Herald; Hubeus; Hartford; Hayes; Her- bert; Higlilnnd; Hopican; Hercules; Har- rison; Haskell's Seedling; Hamjtton; Hebe. Isabella Seedling; Ives; Isabella; lona XLabrusca (a); lona; Ives Seedhng; Is- raella; lona X Labrusca (F); lona X Isa- bellas; loua X Labrusca (S); lona X La- brusca (D); Isabella Seedling (Xo. 3); Iron Clad; Imperial; lona X Labrusca (C). Janesville; Juno; Jessica; Jewell; Jef- ferson; Johuson. Little Blue; Lutie; Lady; Lindley; Lu- cille; Lindmar; Lady Washington XL ib. (E); Lulie; Labrusca Seedling, M;irion; ^label; Massasoit; Martha; Jloyer; Montetiori; Moore's Diamond; Merrimac; ilary: Metternich; Maxataw- ney; Muscadine; ilissouri Reisling; !Mills; Marion X Centennial (white); Mary's Favorite; Mary; Monroe; Minnehaha; Moore's No. 146; Moore's Xo. 210; Moore's No. 1.58; Moore's Nos. 207; Moore's No. 221; Moore's No. 24.5; Moore's No. 24; Moore's No. 2.3; Moore's No. 234; Moore's ?,2 No. 216; Moore's No. 55; Moore's No. 207; Moore's No. 1(}0; Moore's No. 247; Moore's No. 32«; Moore's No. 352; Moore's No. 166; Moore's No. 211; Moore's No. 235; Moore's No. 230; Moore's No. 150; Moore's Con- cord; 3Iammoth Sage; Moore's Earlj-. No. 8. Con. X Vulpina; No. 36; Niagara; Northern Muscadine; Noah; No,3 Con, X Vulpina; Nectar; No. 13; No. 10 Con. X Vulpina; No, 19 Station; No. 20; Norton's; Norton's Virginia; Norwood; No Name; Niagara Sport (white); Norfolk Muscat. Olita; Oporto; Owasso; Othello. Peabody; Perkins; Peter Wiley; Para- dox, Pocklington, Poughkeepsie Red; Prentiss; Ptire Labrusca; Profitable; Para- gon. Rutland; Rebecca; Red Bird; Roches- ter; Requa; Reisling; Roscoe; Rogers No. 13; Red Eagle; Rogers No. 5; Rustler; Rommel; Red Seedling; Ricketts No. 101; Rogers No. 101; Rogers No. 33; Rogers No. 21; Rogers No. 39; Rogers No. 11; Rogers No. 24; Rogers No. 41; Red Bird; Salem; Senesc[ua; Shelbj'; Standard; Seed- ling No. 1; Seedling No. 2; Stacy's Favor- ite; Seedling (B. B. Welsh); Secretary; Station No. 9. Telegraph; Taylor; Takland; Triumph; Tokalou. Unknown; Ulster Prolific; Unknown (m); Unknown Rogers Hybrid; Unknown (e); L^nknown (p); Unknown (o); Unknown (F); LTnknown (J); Unknown; LTnknown (sent to the station as Gaertner); Uhland; Unknown; Unknown (g). Vergennes: Victoria; Vitis Solonis; Vitis Rupestris; Vitis Doaniana; Vitis Solonis (son); Vitis Rupestris. Worden; White Jewell; Winchell; Wyoiuing Red; White Mountain Rose; Wilder; "\Vhite Clinton; "Worden; Wood- ruff Red; Walter; Wild; White Victor; White Ann Arbor; White Seedling; Worden Seedling. Yonkers Honey Dew. Zinnia. WINES. Individual Exhibits. Pleasant Valley Wine Co., Rheims; Urbana Wine Co., Urbana; H. T. Devey & Son, New Yorlv City; Lake Keuka Wine Co., Hammondsport; Hammonds- port Wine Co., Hammondsport; Brother- hood Wine Co., Washington ville; Brocton Wine Cellars, Brocton; Irondeciuoit Wine Co., Rochester; Hammondsport Vintage Co., Penn Yan. Exhibits in the State Collection. H. T. & J. D. Henderson, Himrods; Germania Wine Cellars, Hammondsport; Empire State Wine Co., Penn Yan; Cres- cent Wine Co., Hammondsport; Geo. 250 New York at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition. Miller, Bristol Springs; J. T. Thompson, Oneida; R. D. Fuller & Skinner, Portland; Helvetia Wine Cellar, Keuka. Exhibits ox j\Ia:n Flook. Brotherhood Wine Co.; H. T. Devey & Sou; UrbanaWine Co.; Pleasant Valley Wine Co.; Hammond sport Vintage Co. V.-iKiETiEs ON Exhibition. Brotherhood Wine Comjiany. — Class 126. Sweet Delaware; Eegina; Imperial Tokay; Sweet Catawba; Sauterue; lona (sweet); lona (dry); Old Golden Delaware; Cabinet Toka_y; Tokay; Dry Catawba; Angelica; Muscatelle; Riesling; Jeru- salem Altar Wine. Class 127, Claret "Sunny Side;" Sauterne; Claret " Nor- tons ; " Mancbaruzzio; Imported Jeru- salem Altar Wine; Standard Communion Wine; Old Medicinal Port, 1862; Ex. Old Bro(ton Port, 1872; South Shore Port, 1879; Old Dry Sherry, 1869; Madeira. Class 129, Emerson's E.xtra Dry Cham- pagne; Emerson's Brut. Champagne. Class 131, Pure Grape Brandy; Old Broc- ton Brandy; Fine Old Cognac. Messrs. H. T. Dewey & Sons. — Class 126, Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba; Dela- ware; lona; Old Angelica. Class 137, Btirgunda; Ives' C'laret; Dewe3''s Port; Golden Tokay; Sauterne; Norton's; Col- umbia. Class 128, Sherry; 1862 Port. Class 129, Champagne "Special Sec." Class 131, Brandy. TJrbana Wine Company. — Class 126, Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba; Tokay. Class 127, Claret "St. Ives." Class 138, Port "Old." Class 129, Champagne, Gold Seal, "Extra Dry;" Champagne, Gold Seal, "Special Dry;" Champagne, Gold Seal, "Brut." Class 131, Brandy. (Also a fine exhibit of grapes used in the manufacture of their wines.) Pleasant Valley Wine Company. — Class 126, Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba. Class 137, Claret. Class 138, Port. Class 129, Champagne, Great Western, "Extra Dry;" Champagne, Great Western, "Special Dry;" Champagne, Carte Blanche. Class 131, Brandy. (Also a fine e.xhibition of grapes on wine space showing the varieties from which its wines are made.) Hanimoudsport Wine Company. — Class 136, Old White Tokay; Satiterne; An- gelica; Catawba Cream; Pale Sweet Catawba; Golden Sweet Catawba; Special Sweet Catawba; Extra Dry Catawba. Class 127, Claret, "Red Bleiid; " Claret, "Cape May;" Sweet Isabella; Sweet Concord. Clarss 138, Sherry; Private Stock Sherry; Highland Port; Empire Port; Special Port. Class 139, Cham- pagne, "Golden Age. Class 131, Brandy. Indivtdu.Uj Exhibits in the G.^llery. Lake Keuka Wine Company. — Class 136, Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba; An- gelica. Class 137, Sweet Catawba; Claret. Class 138, Sherrj- Port. Class 129, Cham- pagne, "L. K. W;" Champagne, " Keuka." Class 131, Brandj\ Brocton Wine Cellars — Class 126, Sa- lem, 1870; Dry Catawba, 1887; Sweet lona; Dry lona, 1875; Sweet Delaware, 1864; Sweet Catawba, 1880; Rcgina, 1875; Diana, 1862; Niagara, 1885. tlass 127, Claret, 1880; Burg\mdy, 1876. Class 128, Fine Old Sherry, 1873; Sherry; Old Port, 1870; Brocton Port, 1876; Concord Port, 1885; Sunny Side Port. Class 131, Brandy, Extra Old Grape; Brandy, Fine Old; Brandy, Blackberry; Brandy, Cherry; Brand}-, Apiile. Hammondsport Vintage Company. — Class 126, Dry Catawba; Catawba Cream; Tokay; Angelica; Sweet Catawba, Ries- ling, class 127, Claret; Sweet Isabella. Class 128, Port; Sherry. Class 129, Champagne — La Breton Sec. The collective exhibit occupied two spaces, one on the main floor and one in the galler}', the exhibit in the gallery being devoted to wines, and the one on the main floor mainly to brandies. The exhibit was composed as follows: H. T. & J. D. Henderson.— Class 126, Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba. Class 138, Sherry. Germania Wine Compauj'. — Class 126, Elvira; Delaware; Riesling. Class 129, Champagne "Excelsior;" Champagne "Imperial Sec." . Class 131, Catawba Grape Brand}'. Helvetia Wine Cellars.— Class 136, Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba. Class 128, Sherry. Empire State Wine Compan}'. — Class 126, lona; Angelica; Diy Catawba; Sweet Catawba; Tokay. Class 127. Claret. Class 128, Sherry; Port. Class 131, Brand}-. Crescent Wine Company. — Class 126, Dry Catawba; Sweet Catawba; Tokay. Class 138, Sherry; Port. Class 131, Brandy. George Miller. — Class 126, Dry Ca- tawba. Class 128, Port. R. D. Fuller & Skinner.— Class 126, Fine Old Regina; Old Sweet lona, 1866; Diana, 1866; Sweet Catawba, 1883; Fine Old Dry Catawba, 1878; Sweet Niagara, 1885; Old Isabella, 1870. Class 127, Claret. Class 128, Old Community Port, 1866; Old Chautauqua Port, 1872; Fine Old Port, 1878; Old Sweet Sherry, 1878; Old Dry Sherry, 1878. Class 131 , Brandy. A very creditable exhibition was made of wines other than those made from grapes; they were placed in class 113. While this was manifestly wrong, it was Report ox the Viticultcee Exhibit. 251 submitted to because no class had been made for them. The exhibitors Tvere: R. D. Fuller & Skinner.— Class 143, Currant "VTine; Elderberry Wine. J. T. Thompson. — Columbia Raspbeny Wine. Brotherhood Wine Company. — Black- berry Wine. Brocton Wine Cellars. — Blackberry Wine. In the exhibition of unfermented grape juice six manufacturers sent exhibits This is a comparatively new product of the grape, being non-alcoholic, representing aU there is in the grape except the skin and seeds. This product belongs with- out question to viticulture, but. as no class was made for it. it was sent to class 143. Exhibits were made by: G. C. & W. C. Snow. Penn Tan. H. T. Dewey & Sons, New York city. Helvetia Wine Cellars, Keuka. C. J. Boldridje. Kendaia. M. B. Gleason, Westtield. Brocton Wine Cellars, Brocton. All the brandy was entered in class 131. The following names are exhibitors of brandy alone: T. S.Tandevoort, Canandalgua. — Grape Brandv: Cider Brandj". i W. JI. Smith, Bath.— ader Brandy. B. Garlock & Son, Isewark. — Cider ; Brandy. Abraham Grarlock, Phelps. — Cider : Brandy. J. P. Fletzner. Rochester. — Grape Brandy; Cider Brandy. \ D. A. Shaffer, Montgomery. — Cider I Brandy. J. L. Saver & Son. Worrick. — Cider Brandy, 1S.52. I Clias. E. Wisner. Worrick. — Cider ! Brandy, 1854. Warren Sammons, Rosendale. — Cider I Brandy. POMOLOGY. By GEORGE T. POWELL, Ghent, Shpekintendent. In the work of preparation for the various State exhibits the dejaai't- nient of liorticnlture was one of the last to be reached. Consequently, before the process of collection was bewun, a large quantity of our best fruits for the season of 1892 had already been shipped to home and foreign markets. Apples and Peaes. This was notably the case with apples and pears, but a considerable range of varieties was secured, packed and forwarded to cold storage in Chicago. Of the late varieties of pears a collection was made and placed in cold storage in Rochester. On the first day of Maj-, at the opening of the World's Columbian Exposition, these fruits were brought out of cold storage and there were placed on exhibition 110 varieties of apples and five varieties of pears. The apples opened in excellent condition, even many of those which are considered fall varieties and are not usually held in cold storage. Owing to the unusually cold winter frost penetrated some of the cold storage rooms at Kochester, the temperature settling several degrees below the freezing point, thereby injuring several varieties of pears. On the eleventh day of May, when the judges examined this fruit, there were placed before them 101 varieties of apples, as follows : Newton Pipijin ; Fallawater ; Hubbards- ton's Nonsuch; Lady; Roan's White Crab ; Cherry Crab ; Spice ; Granite Beauty ; Blacl? ; Fall 8eek.-no-Further ; Waxen ; Red Canada ; Boiken ; Red Streali ; Jennetting ; Tallman Sweet ; Pennook; Sweet Seek-no-Further; Acubi- folia Crab ; Grosfarros ; Goldflesh Crab ; Pomme Gris ; Rambo ; Stone ; Flushing Spitzenberg ; Salome ; Block Apple ; Moore's Greening ; Pagan's Red ; Blue Pearmain ; Sweet Winter Greening ; Wagener; Yellow Belle-Fleur; Rock ; .Mcintosh Red ; Pickman Pippin ; Ver- mont Greening ; Ben Davis ; Oxnead Pearmain ; Egg Top ; Pumpkin Russet ; English Russet ; Golden Streak ; Northern Spy; Stark; Bottle Greening; Jonathan; Vandevere; Baldwin; Bi'oad End; Burr's Winter Sweet ; Tuft's Baldwin ; Hollow Crown ; Smith's Cider ; Fall Pippin ; Pewaukee ; Bethlehemite ; Lyon's Sweet ; Gilpin ; Esopus Spitzenberg ; Peck's Pleasant ; Rum ; Cranberry ; Hog Island Sweet ; Gilliflower ; Campfield ; Honey Sweet ; Zane's Greening ; R, I. Greening . Egyptian Russet ; Leather Coat Russet ; Ortley; Cabashea; Bush's Beauty; Gloria Mundi ; Goldflesh Strawberry ; Newark King ; King of Tompkins Co. ; Swaar ; Thomas ; Randall's Red Winter ; Foster ; White Belle-Fleur; Hendricks' Sweet ; Sweet Pearmain ; Lyscom ; Cooper's Mar- ket ; Scott's Winter ; White Winter Pear- main ; Winter Strawberry ; Twenty Ounce ; Canada Pippin ; Pound Sweet ; Norton's Red ; Romanite ; Seek-no-Fur- ther; Golden Russet; Belle et Bonne; Rox- bury Russet ; Red Romanite ; Dyer. Tliere were also shown five varieties of pears as follows : Columbia; Josephine de Malines; Winter Nelis; Pound; Beurre Gris. There were shown one plate of Orange quinces which had b^enkept during these months in cold storage and were in fairly good condition. This fruit was kept on exhibition continuously and about every live days all specimens showing defects by loss of color and decay M^ere EePOET ox the PoJtOLOIiY ExHIBIT. 253 removed and replaced by other specimens. The weather during the greater portion of May was unnsnaily cold, which facilitated the longer keeping of the frnit after coming out of cold storage. Tlie subject of cold storage for keeping fruits is one which has received a great deal of attention and study, and some very valuable lessons of vital inqiort- a-nce to fruit growers and to the consumers of fruit have been learned during the exposition. In getting Tip the supply of apples which were to be shown after the first of May, it was essential tliat the fruit should be so handled as to be in the best possible condition for exhi- bition. A large proportion of the fruit when being collected was wrapped in tissue ]iaper and placed in barrels and half-bari'els. This plaii was contrary to the genei-al j^ractice in putting up fruit for cold storage, and was against the judgment of many practical and experi- enced cold storage men, who claimed that tiie paper wrapping M'ould be a disadvantage to the good keeping of the fruit. However, the experiment was tried, and tlie larger portion of the fruit was wrapped, shipjjed to Chicago, and was kept in cold storage from November until the opening of the exposition, when the different varieties of apples were taken out. In every instance the wrapped fruit opened in most excellent condition. The flavor was well maintained, the bloom on the fruit was well preserved, and many barrels of apples did not show a defective specimeii, while the few packages that were not wrapped, of the same varieties and collected from the same localities, showed a loss of from three to five per cent. The paper seemed to have the effect of absorbing moisture, and where an apple decayed, prevented the con- tagion of decay. Wrapping of this fruit was done on the supposition that the exclusion of the air from the fruit would secure its better preservation and safe transportation. It has been quite surprising to note the length of time which apples have kept in good condition upon the exhibition shelves after coming from cold storage. After the first sweating period had passed and the fruit had been rubbed, as it had to be every day, to remove tiie dust that settled upon it, the fruit showed remarkable keeping qualities. Coining from a temperatu)'e of thirty-four degrees in cold storage, many varieties of apples have been kept in good condition for a period of four weeks. Instead of the fruit decaying iu a very short time, as had been the general impression, the rubbing process had the effect of closing the pores of the skin, and the fruit stood week after week and gradually dried and shriveled instead of decaying. Among the varieties -that have shown remarkable keeping qualities have been the Pound Sweet and Fall Pippin, usually ripe in tlie fall and not kept far beyond the holidays at the latest, each lieing in perfect condition while shown throughout the mijiith of May and up to the iifth of June. Tompkins County King, another variety which is at its best in February, was kept on exliibitiun in the finest condition, maintaining its color, flavor and solidity until July fifteenth. Boiken, Granite Beauty, Blue Pearmain, Tallman Sweet, have been shown continuously from the first day of May until tiie first day of July, without any change made upon the plates, all having Ijeen ]ireviously in cold storage, while twenty-five other varieties have kept nearly as well. JSTewtowu Pip- 254 New York at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. pins liave maintained fine qnality after coming from cold storage, Avhile one sliipment was received tliat had never been in a cold room and were shown up to July first. The Fallawater, a fine ajsple in appearance, has been least able to stand long keeping of any variety that has been shown. It lias invariably come from cold storage room ■with the skin discolored from scald, and scarcely a perfect specimen could be obtained. There is no doubt that most of our winter varieties of apples, if selected with greater care and put into small packages with the least possible Jiandling and bi'uising, can be held and placed upon the market at a mucli later period than has generally been supposed without the aid of I'efrige ration. It has been quite successfully proved that a low degree of temperature is not so essential as has been supposed with fruit that has been very carefully handled, for during a considerable period of time, apples in storehouse on the exjjosition grounds were kept for many days in succession at a temperature of fifty-five degrees and still the fruit kept remarkably well. Quite as much depends upon exti'eme care in handling fruit when it is a question of prolonging its keeping qualities as upon a low degree of temj^erature. ^ The holding of pears in cold storage for a long period of time is attended with a greater loss of fine flavor than with apples. Personal experience in holding Bartlett, Clapp's Favorite, Seckel, and late summer and early autunm varieties seems to demonstrate that they cannot be held in temjjeratnre of thirty-six degrees longer than six weeks from the time of going into cold storage without losing much of their fine flavor. The Anjou, Bosc and Lawrence may be kept for a longer period of time and maintain good flavor. Winter Nelis, Beurre Gris and Josephine de Malines were opened on the first day of May and were held until the middle of June and the flavor Avas well maintained, particularly in the case of the first named. On May twenty-second ten varieties of pears were placed upon exhibition, for- warded b}' Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester, N. Y., consisting of Black Worcester, Provost, Bergamot Royal d'TIiver, Doyenne Jamin, Clapp's No. 6-i, Bergamot Tleitrich, Duchess de Bordeaux, Fox ISTo. 7, Madame Ilentin and P. Barry. From the care which this fruit had received from the time it was taken from the trees until placed on the shelves at the exposition, these varieties which had never been in cold storage were successfully shown. They were held up to the twenty- fifth of June, while on the fourth of July one variety, Pound, which had been on exhibition since the first of May, was still shown. As soon as the autunm fruits began to appear the greatness of New York as a horticultural State Avas quickly recognized in the strong leading position that Avas taken by the State in every class of fruits as they came in tlieii*season. When the Cold Storage Building at Jack- son Park was burned on July ninth, the entire supply of apples and pears which were stored therein were lost. Additional space had been secured, to be occujiied with these cold storage supplies of 1S92, during July and August and until the September fruits could be placed on exhibition. During this period it was very difficult to maintain the exhibit and hold it up to its highest degree of excellence, by replacing Repoet on the Pomology Exhibit. 255 with fresh, sound specimens during tliese two most difficult months, but the excellent keeping; qualities of New York ajjples were here put to a test never before equaled, and they held over this most trvin^^ period of hot weather in a condition that was a surjjrise and a revela- tion to all poinologists. On August first there were shown in good condition thirty varieties of apples, the most of which were taken from the Cold Storage Building on the davit was burned. They were the following kinds : Roxburv Russet ; Golden Russet : Egyptian Russet: English Russet; Pomme Gris : Jonathan ; Pock's Pleasant ; Red Canada,; King ; Hoopes; Pennock; Spy; Swaar ; R. I. Greening ; Stark ; Ben Davis; Seek- no-Further ; Newtown Pip- pin ; Campfield ; Lady Sweet ; Granite Beaut}'; Baldwin; Cooper's Market; Stone; Esopus Spitzenbcrg ; Lyon's Sweet ; Sweet Seek-no-Furthcr ; Thomas ; Wage- ner ; Fallawater. These were held, if not in the best condition, surprisingly well through the greater part of August. On September first a very severe wind storm swept over the State which did immense damage, blowing off great quantities of tlie finest fruit in those sections where it was the most abundant, preventing exhibitors from forwarding choice specimens of many varieties that were not shown at all. The earliest display of apples came from the Hudson river section, several leading apple growers contributing lil)erally through the entire autumn exhibit. On September twenty -fifth the Orange County Agricultui-al Society exhibited twenty-seven varieties of apples and five varieties of pears. On the twenty-8e\'enth the Western New York Horticultural Society forwarded its exhibit from the State fair, of eiglity-five varieties of apples and twenty-four varieties of pears. The Central New York Horticultural Society also forwarded on the same date its e.xhibit from the State fair of eighty-three varieties of apples and fifty-six varieties of pears. The Orleans County Agricultural Society forwarded on the twenty-seventh tlie exhibit from its county fair of forty varieties of aj^ples. The Broekj^ort Union Agricultural Society on October seventh sent from its fair thirty -seven varieties of apples and fifteen varieties of pears. The Chautauqua Horticultural Society for- warded on September twenty-sixth, from its Horticultural Institute and Fruit Show, twenty-one varieties of apples and eight varieties of pears. These were not sent to represent full county or society exhibits, but as contributions to tlie State exhibit. The New York Experiment Station exhibited eighty-nine varieties of apples from its experimental orchards, which illustrated in an admirable manner the results of scientific cul- ture. There were also a large number of individual contributors from Northern, Central and "Western New York, who sent large numbei-s of varieties of apples, and rendered valuable assistance in maintaining a very superior display of this kind of fruit to the close of the exposition. A feature of the apple exhibit was a display made by G. T. Powell, of Ghent, showing the value of spraying the fruit with Bordeaux mixture to prevent the attack of "apple scaVi." The si^ores of this fungus attach themselves to the fruit, causing a scab to form making a black patch on the surface, which often prevents the further growth of the apple, making it deformed, unsightly and worthless. 256 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. The specimens shown which were particularly subject to the attack of *' apple scab " were Cranberry Pippin, Fameuse and Fall Strawberry, They had been sprayed four times with Bordeaux mixture, made of four pounds of sulphate of copper and three pounds of lime in lifty gallons of water. The fruit was entirely clear of the fungous spots, and of exceedingly high, beautiful color. With the extension of apple orchards, this fungous disease is getting a stronghold in some sections, and to maintain the high reputation of New York apples in our Southern and Western markets and particularly in English markets, the uit must be kept clear in color, and free from the effects of this blight. Among some of the most valuable summer varieties shown were Early Strawberry, Early Sweet Bough, Red Astrachan and Golden Sweet; of the autumn varieties were Chenango Strawberry, Duchess of Oldenburgh, Fall Pij)pin, Fall Wine, Gravenstein, Maiden's Blnsh, Richards' Graft, Rome Beauty and Porter. Among the very large number of winter varieties shown, the following may be considered as possessing the very finest qualities as regards flavor, size, color and keep- ing, all desirable for home market and the most of them popular in foreign markets : Fameuse, R. I. Greening, Bailey's Sweet, Baldwin, Tompkins County King, Hubbardston's Nonsuch, Jonathan, Lad^-'s Sweet, Peck's Pleasant, Northern Spy, Red Canada, Sutton Beauty, Twenty Ounce, Wagener, Wealthy, Wine Sap, Newtown Pippin, English Russet, Roxbury Russet and Boiken. New York lies in the most favored apple belt in the United States. The exceedingly high flavor of the fruit is recognized in all markets, and the future pi'omises much to those who devote land to the culture of the apple, and bring to its production the skill, intelligence and care that is required to produce high grade fruit. On August twelfth Messrs. Ellwanger & Barry, of Rochester, placed on exhibition sixteen varieties of summer pears ; on August twenty- sixth, twenty-one varieties ; on September twelfth, seventy -fave varieties ; on September tweaty-sixth, fifty varieties and on October fourth, one hundred and twenty-five varieties. On September twenty-sixth the Central New York Horticultural Society forwarded twenty-one varieties and on October fourth, thirty-four varieties, while, on October fourth, the Western New York Horticultural Society forwarded twenty-three varieties. These large exliibits, together with others from different parts of the State, made a very large and attractive display Avhich was carefully studied by exhibitors from several States and by visitors from other countries. Among some of the varieties requiring special mention is first of all the " Bartlett," the best known and most popular of all pears. It originated in England, was propagated by a grower by the name of Williams, and the pear is called in England " Williams' Bonchretien." In 1799 a tree was sent to Enoch Bartlett, near Boston, who introduced the j)ear in this country, and it has since been known as the " Bartlett " pear. The " Seckel " is without question the embodiment of the highest per- fection of fine flavor in the pear, and it is of American origin, as it was first known on a farm near Philadelphia about 1812 and took its name from the owner of the farm. While the " Seckel " is known as a small Report on the Pomology Exhibit. 257 pear in size, there were remarkable specimens shown that were as large as good-sized " Sheldons." The " Seckel " requires very heavy fertilizing as it is a short-jointed, slow-growing tree, and \inder high culture its size can be doubled. The " Anjou " is one of the choicest of the late varieties, is of French origin and was one of the most valuable on exhibition, worthy of a place in every garden and orchard. '' Bosc " was shown in greatest perfection and is a pear of rare quality. " Lawrence," " Winter Nelis " and " Jones" were other late and winter varieties of excellent flavor, which, with still other newer varieties, pro- long the season for the enjoyment of this fruit. Tlie finest quality and highest flavor are found in the pears upon dwarf trees, which are formed by budding desired varieties upon quince roots. The " Angouleme," which is especially fine as a dwarf, was shown in great perfection. One of the most instructive lessons in connection with the pear exhibit was furnished by the New York State Experiment Station, showing the efliects of spraying with " Bordeaux mixture " for the pear scab, which is a fungous blight upon the fruit that injures it for sale or use. In July two branches full of half-grown fruit were taken from the " Seckel " pear trees, one having been sprayed, the other not. The fruit on the unsprayed branch was badly affected with the fungus known as " scab," and fifty per cent of the fruit had fallen off in transportation. The fruit on the branch from the sprayed tree was clear in color and largely free from the fungous spots, while not five per cent of the fruit fell off in transportation. In October the station sent another exhibit of sprayed and unsprayed " Seckels " and " White Doyenne " pears, ^^hich was very marked in favor of the sprayed fruit, which was good, while the unsprayed was worthless. This fruit was sprayed witli a weak solution of " Bordeaux mixtui-e," one pound of sulphate of cof)per only being used in eleven gallons of water. The " Seckel " was sprayed with this five times, and the " White Doyennes " were treated in the same manner, except that the first spraying of the following treatment was omitted : 1. When the buds began to open. 2. Just as the blossoms were ready to open. 3. Immediately after the blossoms fell. 4. About two weeks after the third treatment. 5. About two weeks after the fourth treatment. To the last three treatments Paris green was added — one ounce to eleven gallons of the mixture. A " special award " was given this exhibit for its valuable educa- tional features, the lesson being carefully studied by many practical and scientific pomologists. Steawbekeies. To make a strawberry exhibit at so great a distance from the place where the fruit was grown seemed like a veiy difiicult undertaking ; but early in the spring a large number of varieties of plants were taken from the ground, placed in pots, and after they had Ijloomed, and the fruit was well set, they were shipped on to tlie exposition, and for nearly two months were kept on exhibition. This proved to be a very 33 258 New York at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. interesting and valuable object lesson, as showing the difference in the cliaracter of the varieties, some being strong and vigorous in their habits of growth, while others were only medium in these points, and still others weakly and entirely unprofitable for cultivation. The fruit developed on many of the plants showed the characteristics of both plant and fruit, so that they could be studied together. These plants were so arranged tliat the crosses finely illustrated the parent plants. Dr. Collier, director of the New York Experiment Station, from which a large collection of these jjlants were sent, speaks of the manner in which the crossing was done, and also gives a description of seedlings which will be of interest to fruit growers as showing the defects which led to the discarding of the varieties mentioned as not profitable for propagation or cultivation. He says : "The seedling strawberry plants from this station, exhibited as potted plants, are from crosses made by covering pistillate plants with something to exclude foreign pollen while the plants were in blossom. Pollen from the desired male parent was then applied to the open blossoms and the plant again covered till the fruit ripened. The seed was sown in flats and the plants were transplanted when of sufficient size. The work of crossing is still con- tinued, but plants from later crosses than those above named have not yet fruited. All varieties exhibited at Chicago have fruited the second season. From 375 to 400 of these seedlings liave been discarded this season, and about fifty have been retained for further testing. If from these fifty varieties we develop something worthy of extensive culture, though it he but one variety, we shall feel much gratified." The parentage of the station's seedlings, exhibited at Chicago, is as follows : Crescent X Lennig's White produced Nos. TT, 243, 240 ; Crescent X Dawley "White produced Nos. 95, 291 ; Crescent X Sharp- less produced Nos. 27S, 120, 127, 142, 143, 271, 272, 277; Crescent X Old Ironclad produced No. 227 ; Daisy X Lennig's White produced No. 285 ; Johnson's Late X Dawley White produced No. 255 ; John- son's Late X Lennig's White produced Nos. 171, 181, 190, 258, 262, 256, 267; Johnson's Late X Sharpless produced Nos. 198, 208, 212, 294 ; Lida X Lennig's White produced Nos. 146, 293. Tlie following description of these varieties are taken from the sta- tion field notes for 1892 and 1893 : No. 77, Station. — Crescent X Lennig's White: Fruit medium to large and of good qualit}', but too soft to sliip well. Plants prodnctive. Discarded 1893. No. 95, Station. — Crescent X Dawley : P. Fruit medium to large, varying in shape from conical to coxcombed — of very good qualitj'. Plants vigorous and productive. To be tested for a late berry. No. 130, Station.-t^ Crescent X Sharp- less: S. Fruit medium early, size me- dium to large, color good, somewhat acid, good quality, productive. Test for market. No. 127, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- less: S. Fruit medium size, very good quality, dark color, deficient in foliage. Discarded 1893. No. 143, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- less: P. Fi'uit medium to large, fair qual- ity, good color, deficient in fohage. Dis- ciirded 1893. No. 143, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- less: P. Fruit variable, medium to large, productive, poor quality, soft, deficient in foliage. Discarded 1893. No. 146, Station. — Lida X Lennig's White: S. A late berr3^ medium size, white flesh, very good quality, not pro- ductive. To be tested for amateur use. No. 171, Station. — Johnson's Late X Lennig's White: P. A late berry, medium size, good quality, .soft, resembling the mother plant in foliage and type of fruit. Discarded 1893. No. 181, Station. — Johnson's Late X X X < y o o -J o s o Eepoet on the Pomology Exhibit. 259 Lennig's White: P. Fruit medium size ami of good quality, plant productive. Discarded 1893. Not superior to some named varieties. No. 190, Station. — Johnson's Late X Leunig's White: P. Fruit of Lennig's AVhite type, medium size, good quality. To be tested for amateur use. No. 198, Station. — Johnson's Late X Sharpless: P. Fruit late, medium to large, horue on long strong stems, light red color, firm, fair quality, productive. To be tested for late market. No. 208, Station.— Johnson's Late X Sharpless: S. Fruit large, late, of good quality and productive. Test for late market.' No. 212, Station. — Johnson's Late X Sharpless: P. Medium size, of good color, shape and flavor. Rank foliage, of Sharp- less type, but fruit bears more resem- blance to Johnson's Late, though of better color; plants productive. To be tested for late market. No. 246, Station. — Crescent XLenuig's White: S. Fruit medium, of very good ciuality, but very soft. Discarded 1H93. ' No. 255, Station. — Johnson's Late X DaTvley: S. Fruit medium or above, short stem, dark red color, very good quality. Plants productive of Johnson's L".te tj'pe; fruit of Dawley type. No. 258, Station. — Johnson's Late X Ltanig's White: S. Fruit large, light frequently an im- unproductive. Dis- colored, late, with perfect tip: plants carded 1893. No. 262, Station.— Johnson's Late X Leunig's AVhite: P. Fruit late, of Len- nig's White type, small to medium and of good qualit}'; foliage of Johnson's Late type. Discarded 1893. No. 266, Station. — Johnson's Late X Lennig's White; P. Fruit midseason, me- dium size, regular shape, beautiful creamy pinlc color, fair quality. No. 267, Station. — Johnson's Late X Lennig's White; P. Fruit very late, me- dium or below, pale crimson, good qual- ity, unproductive. Discarded 1893. No. 271, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- less: S. Fruit medium size, poor quality. Discarded 1893. No. 272, Station.— Crescent X Sharp- less; S. Fruit small to medium, good quality. Discarded 1893. No. 277, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- less: P. Fruit firm, red, productive but poor in quality. Discarded 1893. No. 278, Station. — Crescent X Sharp- less: S. Fruit large, good quality but soft, plants productive. Discarded 1893. No. 285, Station. — Daisy X Lennig's White: S. Fruit late, of tennig's White type but larger, plants unproductive. Discarded 1893. No. 291, Station.— Crescent X Dawley: P. Fruit medium size, good ciuality; foliage poor. Discarded 1893. No. 293, Station. — Lida X Lennig's White: P. Fruit medium to large, coni- cal, good quality, Leunig's White color and white flesh. To be tested for ama- teur use. No. 294, Station. — Johnson's Late X Sharpless: P. Fruit late, large, firm, fair cj[ualitj', resembling Sharpless in color; foliage of Johnson's Late type. To be tested for late market. It may be Avell to observe that tlie dark, leathery foliage of John- son's Late is a marked characteristic of its descendants, whatever the plant used for the male parent. In all crosses where the Sharpless was u.sed as the male parent a very large percentage of the seedlings jjro- diiced have been thought worthy of further testing. No doubt many, and perhaps all of these varieties, by further testing, will develop defect.^ seriou.s enough to cause the variety to be discarded. Yet we have learned that botli these varieties, namely, Johnson's Late and i>harpless, are valualjle for crossing to originate new varieties, and some of the most promising of the station's seedlings thus far produced ■v\-ere secured by crossing Johnson's Late and Sharpless. Several shipments of strawberries were made very successfully from various parts of the State, representing the folloAving varieties : Bubach, Sharpless, Pearl, Jes.sie, AVest Shore, Downing, Bessie, Feight's No. 2, No. 1 Hazelton, No. 9 Townsend, Hoff- man, Michel's Earlj', Van Deman, Haver- land, Beder Wood, Smeltzer's Early, Snyder Seedling, Phillips' Seedling, Princess, No. 10 Crosby, Middlefield, Burt, Beverly, Oregon Everbearing, Chair's Favorite, Allen's No. 3, Laxton's Noble, Eureka, No. 1 Allen, Gov. Hoard, Gandv, Cumberland Triumph, Lovett's Early. Lennig's White, McPartland, 260 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Parker Earle, Iowa Beauty, Ladj' Rusk, Swindle, Lovett. Long John, Jewel, Leader. Southard, Crawford, Accomac, Great Pacific, Stayman's No. 1, Auburn, Muskingum, Middlefleld, Mystic, Windsor Chief, Gillespie, Miami, Eclipse, Beebe, Beauty, Phillips' No. 1, Dayton, Cloud, Sadie, Saunders, Woolverton, Edgar Queen, Mrs. Cleveland, California, Edwards' Favorite, Wariield, Shuster's Gem, Morning View, Gen. Putnam, AValdron, Wilson, Standard, Manchester, Anna Forrest, Farnsworth, Herniit, Enhance, Jucunda Imp., No. 20.5 Station, Oliver, Manchester, Townsend's No. 3, Cameronian, Oregon, Walton, Mark. The strawberry exhibit enabled horticulturists to see the choice varieties of plants brought together at one point, and also the fruits oi the same varieties, and was thus a study having a great deal of interest. One exhibit was made by L. J. Farmer, of Pulaski, IST. Y., con- sisting of sixty-seven varieties, which were received in perfect order, a fact that was very surprising, when it is remembered that in so large a variety there were some that were not regarded as having good shipping qualities. The manner in which the fruit was shipped was different from anything ever before attempted. Crates were made with pasteboard partitions two inches square by two and one-fourth inches deep, in the bottom of which was placed white glazed cotton "wadding, and one berry was placed in each compartment. The crates were shipped to exhibitors, who filled them and forwarded to the expo- sition. It has been thought that ventilation is a very important featui-e in successful shipment of berries, but in this instance the ci-ates were made tight, the fruit was placed in these closed partitions, and vs'as kept as much as possible from the air. After shipping this fruit, in some instances a thousand miles, it was placed on plates and held, in many cases, for eight days after being received or ten days from the time of picking. Some new questions arise as the result of the work in these experiments. It may be asked whether these delicate fruits cannot be trans]3orted very much longer distances than has heretofoi'e been supposed possible, and whether ventilation is essential for success- ful transijort. The use of cotton or some other, possibly cheaper, material, will be brought into use as furnishing means for the absorp- tion of moisture, thus enabling the fruit to stand up or keep for a longer period. The berries did not seem to decay, but rather dried, when on exhibi- tion. The outer cells of the strawberry are very delicate, and when massed together become slightly bruised, thus allowing the escape of the juice of tJie fruit, after which decay will follow within a very fe\v hours. The cotton lining seemed to absorb the moisture which naturally is given oft' from fruit even when not bruised. The cells closed, hence the fruit dried rather than decaj'ed, which is the explanation of tlie remarkable length of time which many of these varieties were kejit. In this manner of shipping there does not seem to be so much differ- ence in the keeping qualities of the different varieties. Of the sixty- seven varieties received from Mr. Farmer, at the end of six days tl:e entire number were showing well upon the plates. On the seventh day a few varieties had become discolored and were removed. Such vari- eties as Downing, Cumberland and Sharpless, considered soft and not well adapted to shipping and holding, were among the many other soft varieties that held well up to the seventh day. On the ninth day from Eepoet ox the Pomology Exhibit. 261 the time they were received and tlie eleventh from the day they were picked, tlie i'ollo%ving varieties were shown in a fairly good condition : Pearl, Van Deman, Beder "Wood, Hoffman, Jessie, Burt, Gaudy, Mid- dletield. Eclipse, Haverland, Eureka, Gillespie, Windsor Chief, Miami, Cloud, Saimders, Michel's, Early I3ayton, Mrs. Cleveland, Mystic, Anbnrn, Beauty, Phillij^s' Xo. 1, Muskingmn, Woolverton, Bubach. The cultnre of the strawberry extends over a wide range of teni- tory, the market being first supplied from Long Island, followed by the Hudson river fruit. Central 2s ew York, Oswego and Western ISTew York counties. All these localities furnished fruit for the exposition. So great has become the demand for strawberries, not only in large cities, but in every town and hamlet, that even with the large increase in acreage of the past ten years, the supph* is not equal to the demand. Thousands of acres of land in Xew York now being used for cereal crops grown in competition with newer cheap western land, with a margin for profit so narrow that but little can be realized, might be given to the culture of this fruit. Canneries might be established, and in addition to extending its consumption over a much longer period, any surplus product would find ready buyers at profitable prices in foreign markets, where American canned fruits are meeting with much favor. GOOSEBEEEIES. Before the strawberry exhibit was closed shipments of gooseberries were received from several exhibitors. Gooseberry culture has only recently taken a start. It has generally been considered a very uncei-- tain kind of fruit to raise, our climate being hot and accompanied by heavy dews. The gooseberry has been subject to very serious attacks of mildew which has made the culture of the finer English varieties unprofitable, but the aid of science has been brought to the fruit grower and it is now well understood that Ijy beginning early in the season, spraying the vines tlioroughly and continuously for several weeks with sulphide of potassium, the choicest English varieties can be quite successfully grown. In addition to spraying, an important fact to fruit growers is that the soil needs to be shaded and kept cool, which in some instances has been done by sowing buckwheat or oats to cover the ground during the hottest periods of .Tune and early July, until after the fruit is well matured. There is a very rapidly growing demand for the gooseljerrv, it being used by many hotels and private families in 'pVa.ce of cranberries with meats. The gooseberry is being extensively canned and made into jams, and is a fruit which once sucessfully cultivated, has considerable commercial value. The extent to which this fruit is already being cul- tivated will be observed ])y the following list of varieties which have been placed on exhibition : Crown Bob, Crystal. Downing, Dominion, Houghton, Mountain Seedling, Pale Bed, Payallup, Smith, Triumph, "Wellington Glory, Whitesmith, Dagwell Xo. 1, Boesch, Golden Pro- lific, Pearl, The Auburn, Industry, and in addition IGO new seedling varieties. On July nineteenth there was received a shipment of gooseberries from the Xew York Experiment Station which was one of the most 262 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. remarkable exhibits made at the exposition in the hue of small fruits. The " Industry " gooseberry was shown as representing the parentage, with twenty-eight of its seedlings. The fruit was sent in a ripening condition, and with its rich colors, in full maturity and large size, pre- sented a very attractive appearance. The varieties worthy of very special mention were Nos. 1, 26, 10, 17, which were red in color, fine in size, and particularly sprightly in flavor. No. 23 had an exceed- ingly rich yellow color, was large in size and one of the finest flavored varieties of the entire number. Nos. 2 and 22 were green in color, very large, and quite profusely covered with spines. Nos. 5, 7, 26, 10 and 17 were all exceedingly fine in size and appearance. Nos. 18 and 13 were red in color, very large in size, and heavily covered with spines. It was a fact observed by many horticulturists that a large number of these seedling varieties appeared to excel in j^oint of size its parent, the '■ Industry." A chance seedling, the " Argyle," found growing in a pasture upon the farm of F. Argyle, Kern, Yates county, attracted special attention. It has seemed to successfully resist mildew. The plant is vigorous and strong in growth, as shown by a photograph of a three years' old plant heavily loaded with fine, large berries, light green in color and uniforudy large. On July twenty-seventh, another seedling was secured from Nicholas Phalen, Marlboro, Orange county, of fine promise, being large and light green in color. The original plant was seen later, growing in its native place, and it was vigorous in its growtii, with dark green, luxuriant foliage. The New York Exjjeriment Station made the most extensive exhibit of English and American varieties with their seedlings, now being- tested, that was ever befoi'c seen in our country, and probably in any other, showing 170 different kinds. The exhibit was carefully studied by horticultural experts of every State and by those of foreign countries, as a work of high scientific merit. CUEKANTS. One of the most valua.ble on the list of small fruits is the currant. It is the first to be used in the season in its green state, and is one of the longest to remain after ripening upon the bushes. This fruit was shown in its very finest condition, and continuously so for a long time, with the following \'arieties : White Dutch, Cherry, Fay's Prolific, Versailles, Eclipse, (\ilimil)ian Red, Gloire des Sablons, Red Dutch, Victoria, White Grape, Champion, Mills' Seedling Cluster, North Star, London Red, Ruby Castle, Prince Albert, Wilder, Black Naples, Ogden's Black Grape, Saunders' No. 1, Lee's Black Prolific, Baldwin's Black, Common Black or Black English, Saunders' No. 2 and Prince of Wales, besides a large numl)er of new seedling varieties. The following Vnarieties, as described, represent in this class of fruit wide variation in culture and quality, but all of which having points of excellence, and most of which are valuable for cultivation : Cherry.- — A strong growing variety, with stout, erect, short-joiuted shoots. No more productive than other currants, but valued for market on account of its size. La VersaiHaise, Versailles, Imperial Red. — Bush vigorous and productive, bunch similar to Cheri'y but occasionally longer. Rei'ort ox the Pomolugv Exhibit. 2t!a Prince Albert. — Fruit large, similar in color to A'ictoria. late in ripening, pro- ductive and valu.-ible. Red Dutch. — Fruit large, deep red. very productive. One of tiie best. Gloire des Sablons. — Unproductive, but remarkable for its stripeil fruit. Victoria, Ruby Castle, Red Grape, Hougliton Castle. — Fruit as large as Red Dutch, bright red, late and jiroduclive. Valuable. White Dutch. — Not so acid as the red varieties and. therefore, valued for table use. Productive, early and valuable. White Grape. — Bunches moderately long, berries very large, whitish yellnu", sweet and good. \evy ])roducti\e. Branches not so upriglit as Wliite D>:tch. Fay, Fay's Prolific. — Fruit of largest size and berries remarkably imiform throughout the bunch. Productive and much valued for market. Eclipse. — Xew. Champion. — Xew. Supposed to be an improvement on tlie old White Dutch. Long Red, Short Bunched Red. — A strong upright grower. A ,irood sort, grown for market around London. A choice collection of new seedling currants was e-xliibitud by Jacob Moore, of Attica, who, in his description of them, snjs : '' Tliey were raised in 1885 from seed cross-fertilized the year before. There were several hundred seedlings in the collection, more than two-thirds of which were from seed of the Cherry currant fertilized by the AVliite Grape. The plants were graded and transplanted, given good cultiva- tion, and in 1887 three seedlings bore fruit about the size of fine shot. The next year the same trio and a small pi'oportion of the others bore fruit of normal .size. The variety selected as be.st in quality that year is designated Ko. 10 in the following description. In 1889 all of the seedlings ]5roduced fruit. Of the trio mentioned but one was retained, Xo. 10. It was expected that white varieties would be produced from the seed of the White Grape currant, but not until 1889 did a wliite variety appear, and it i-emained the only white one among them. There was one flesh-colored variety ; there was also a difference in the shade of color of the vai'ieties from seed of both parents, some being light i-ed, some daik red and of intermediate shade. The white variety, though excellent in quality, was dwarf in habit of growth and was not introduced. The following are descriptions of some of the best varieties fi-om seed fertilized of the White Grape by the Clierrv curi'ant: No. 10. — Berries not quite so large as Cherry currant, but sweeter and better flavored. Clusters short and often hug the branch so closely as to make jjick- ing difficult. The bush is a stocky grower and heavy cropper. No. TO. — Berries slightly larger than the seed -parent, thickly borne on long stems ; flavor, mild and pleasant. A vig- orous grower and profuse bearer. No. 170. — Berries of the largest size, deep red, acid. Clusters rather short. The plant is a larger, stronger grower than the Cherry and more productive. No. 200. — Berries large, thickly borne in clusters of medium length, but tart and rich. The bu.sh is a .strong, vigorous grower and profuse bearer. No. 260. — Clusters long, berries large, deep red at maturity, flavor shghtly tart, less acid than Cherry. The busli is a sturdy, upright grower and holds its bur- den of fruit clear from tlie ground ; the stalks stiff holding up the heaviest load of fruit. Blooms late and ripens late, jroderately vigorous and productive at first, but increases both in vigor and pro- ductiveness with age and ultimately yields lar^e crops. Valuable late variety. No. 400. — The fruit stems are long, well filled out with large berries of liglit red color and pleasant flavor ; a vigorous grower and great bearer. The following varieties are from the .seed of the Cherry, fertilized by the AYliite Grape : 20-J: New Yokk at the "World's Columbian Exposition. No. 180. — Berries of the largest size — full as large as the Cherry currant, agree- able fla.vor. Although the clusters are usnall_y short, they are loug necked, the stems being long between stem and first berries, rendering the picking easy. This variety has more fleshy consistency than the others which enables it to keep and carry better. The plant is a strong grower with large leaves and bears abundantly. Moore's Dark Red. — Berries nearly as large as the Cherry, dark red, of mild, rich flavor. Clusters of average length borce so thickly as to hide the branches sustaining them. Ripens late; the bush is an erect grower, vigorous and bears a large crop. No. 280.— Clusters of fair length, well necked; berries large, bright red, with wine flavor when at their best. A vigor- ous grower and constant bearer of large crops — valuable as a market or garden sort. No. 420. — Berries large, dark red, good; short bunched and ripens early; bush a stocky grower and yields abundantly. No. 430. — Bunches medium, compact; berries large and good; a strong irregular grower and heavy bearer. But few were rejected on account of unproductiveness, the productiveness of the White Grape being inherited, whether from the mater- nal or paternal parent, though the Cherry was prepotent in determining the color and often the size of the fruit and habit of the plant. This exhibit was of great vahie in showins; how new varieties are produced, and by the striking influence of parentage on the seedlings produced as illustrated by the above-described varieties. Raspbeeeies. An extensive exliibit of raspberries was not attempted, the fruit being delicate and not well suited to long transportation. The " Black Caps " are first to ripen, and Charles Mills, of Fairmont, sent success- fully the Mills' Seedling, Gregg and Kansas. The " Gregg " is one of the largest in size of berries, sweet in flavor and for long distances is one of the best for shipping. The " Black Cap " rasj)berry is grown extensively for evaporating purposes, in some portions of tlie State fifty to seventy-five acres being devoted to them on one farm. There is hardly a limit to the extent to which this fruit can be grown, for in the evaporated form it can be shipped to distant foreign markets. The " Red " raspberry, a still more delicate fruit, was also successfully shown by Joseph T. Thompson, of Oneida, who sent a very excellent variety in the " Columbian," which was on exhibition several days in the fresh form and was also shown in solution. This fruit is in large demand, commands high prices, is highly aromatic, and like the " Black Cap," is much sought for canning, in which form its consumption can be extended through the entire year. Apeicots. While tlie apricot is a native of the countries of Armenia, Arabia and Central Asia, the wide range of products which the soil of New York is capable of producing was exemplified in the fine exhibit of this very attractive" fruit. E. Smith & Sons, of Geneva, showed, on July twentieth. Smith's Early and Harris ; on July twenty-ninth Large Early Montgamet, Early Moorpark, Jackson and St. Ambroise, and on August first, Koman and Eureka, while the New York Experiment Station contributed from its grounds, on July twenty-fourth, Ouillin's Early Peach ; July twenty-seventh, Catharine ; and August third, Nicholas, Golden Russian, Alexander I and Gibb. Report on thk Pomology Exhibit. 265 Plitms. The soil and climate of !Ne\v York are admirably adapted to the culture of the plum, though its native home is found in Asia and Southern Europe. While the season liad been rather unfavorable for the best development of the fruit, a good display was made of many of the leading and some of the new varieties. The wild plum in two of its species, indigenous to our soil, was also shown — the " Chickasaw " and the " Wild Red ; " and although they are not as fine in tlavor as a " Washington " or a " McLaughlin," yet they were very attractive in appearance and fair in other points of quality. The plum is not adapted to all kinds of soil, succeeding best on heavy loam or on clay. This fact makes the territory in which the fruit can be grown somewhat limited, and this for many years has been largely confined to the Hudson river and Mohawk valleys. As high as $600 net profit per acre has been realized for such varieties as the " Reine Claude," '' Quackenboss " and " G-erman Prune," the I^ew England States furnishing a very extensive market for this fruit, while New York and Philadelphia have always demanded large supplies. Hudson, Columbia county, is the home of the " Hudson Gage," '' Lawrence " and " Columbia." Troy, Albany and Schenectady have produced excellent varieties. Rhinebeck and Fishkill the same, as also Long Island, while the " Washington," 0113 of the best, largest and finest of a long list of varieties, sprang from the soil of a farm then lying near the Bowery in liew York city about 1820. Owing to a development of a fungous disease known as " black knot," the plum orchards of this entire section have been destroyed and plum culture abandoned. New hardy varieties are lieing intro- duced from Russia and Japan. New sections are taking u]i plum cul- ture, while scientific experimenters are endeavoring to discover some fungicide that, when sprayed upon the trees, will destroy the fungous spore of the " black knot," and thus save to the State one of its most valuable fruits. Peaches. The peach is a native of Persia, and thrives best in a warm climate, but the fruit is grown in large orchards on Long Island, in the Hudson valley and in Central and Western Xew York. When the soil was newer and possessed more of plant food than at present, the tree was hardy and fiuitful, bearing regularly and al)undantly. From August ninth to November first the following varieties were successfully shown, Niagara and Orleans counties contributing largely to the exhibit : Early Louise; Hynes' Surprise; Globe; Mooie's Favorite; Wonderful; Beers' Smock; Late Crawford; R. S. Stevens; Dldcw; Early Beatrice; Yellow St. .John; Longliurst; Hary's Choice; Elberta; Stev- ens' Rareripe; Foster; Atlanta; Early Rivers; Lulu; Wager; Ellison; Lord Palmerton; Chair's Choice; Early Craw- ford; Ward's Late; Lament; Amsden June. These varieties, with others, covered a period of three months, and th'jy represent a wide range of exceedingly fine quality. The fruit is 34 26<3 New Yokk at tue World's Columbian Exposition. ill <>Teiit deiiiaiid in its fresh torin for cainiing, drviog and evaporating, and in the latter form is sent to foreign markets in hirge quantities. Like tlie plum, the tree has one serious enemy in a disease known as the " Yellows," which of late years has made serious inroads in tlie ])rofits of peach culture. The presence of the disease is discovered by the foliage, changing early in the summer from its natural bright green color to that of yellow, the fruit ripening prematurely before fully grown, and the trees showing a general tendency toward decline. The l)est scientific al)ility cif our country has thus far been battied to fully understand the nature and cause of the disease, its treatment and pre- vention. Some of tlie newer States are wisely enacting legislation to keep this dreaded disease out of their territory by establishing a system of inspection and quarantine of all trees that are imported. Canned Fkuits and Vegetables. This class was fully represented in a way calculated to show the extent and importance of the canning industry in New York. The season in ^vhich strawberries, raspberries and otlier small fruits, cher- ries, peaches, plums, and the summer and autumn fruits can be used in fresh form is limited, but when put in cans, preserved, made into jams, jellies and marmalades, they can be had at any time or season, and, with the ])erfeetion that is now brought to the method of preserving, their fine flavors are maintained nearly equal to the fresh fruit. Among exliibitors who made very extensive contributions to the State exhibit were Gordon & Dilworth, of New York, and Curtice Brothers & Co., of Rochester, who have extensive factories, employ large numbers of men and women, jiurchase many carloads of fruits and vegetables, and supjily both foreign markets and home consumers. Evaporated Fkuits. There was excellent display in this class, which represents a com- ])aratively new but very rapidly-developing industry. A. B. Williams, of Sodns, Wayne count}', exhibited evaporated apples, red and black raspberries. In 1802 Wayne county produced 10,000,000 pounds of evaporated a])]iles, 5,000,000 pounds of apple waste, known as skins ■ind cores dried, and 900,000 pounds of evaporated raspberries, of vhich three-eighths of this entire quantity was pividnced in the town of Sodus. Michael Doyle & Co., of Bochester, made an excellent display, com- prising the following collection : Two cases Kochester pippins, two erases evaporated apples, one case sun-dried apples, one case chopped apples, one case apple waste, one case dried plums, one case dried cher- ries, one ease evaporated peaches, one case dried whortleberries, one case evapoi'ated red raspberries, one case evaporated black raspberries, and one case dried blackberries. YeCtEtable Depart:ment. To attempt an exhibition of green vegetables nearly 1.000 miles away from New York, to cover a period continuously for six months, CANNED GOODS EXHIBIT Kepoet on the PomoloctV Exhibit. 267 was a difficnlt and ardnons undertaking. But, nevertheless, 2-±S feet of space was taken on the main floor of the IlDrticultnral Bnihling, wliich, being occupied I)v the onh' exhibit of fresh vegetables in the bnikling for several months of the exjjosition, gave Isew York special promi- nence in this department. The prodncts of the trnck farming of the United States that are produced at distances from markets, requiring transportation by rail or water, are valued at $76,517,155 ; and tlie value of tiiese products in what is known as tlie " ISTew York and Philadelplna District," is 821.102,521. Add to this latter the value of the yield of market gar- dening, M'hich is carried on near cities where the producer delivers his vegetables by his own teams to the retailer or consumer, and it will be seen that this is one of the leading industries of the State. Glass-house culture of vegetaljles is carried on extensively, especially near New York and otlier large cities, the profits from this system ranging from S7,000 to §10,000 per acre. Tiie first exhiljit, made in May, was a general collection of early, choice varieties of asparagus, spinach, lettuce, celery, beets, beans, water cress, tomatoes, cucumbers and cauliflowers from the glass-houses on Long Island and from Cornwall-on-the-ITudson. Plans were carefully made with individual growers to forward supplies from diiferent parts of tlie State, as the season advanced, but the severest drought known in twenty years, extending over the entire State, tended to cut otf these supplies. Arrangements liad, however, been made with the New York Agricultural Experiment Station to make a tlioroughly scientiflc exhil)it in this dejiartment, and this it did to the close of the exposition in tlie most complete manner. On June twelfth the State station forwarded f orty-flve varieties of radishes, which represented all shades of colors and sizes and made a very interesting and attractive exliibit. Tliis exhibit of radishes was kept up to the close of the exposition, fresh supplies being for\\-arded every fifteen days. The number of radishes grown and exhibited by the station amounted to •±,664-. Six hundred and twenty-four heads of lettuce were shown, fifteen to nineteen varieties being shown at a time. On June twenty-seventh twelve varieties of peas were forwarded, and these were continued to July twenty-second, wlien twenty-four varieties were shown. Twenty-five varieties of bush beans were shown and continued from July third to September twenty- sixth. Eight varieties of dwarf limas were also shown continually from August twelfth to September twenty-fiftli. A very .excellent plan for showing these different varieties was in boxes twelve by six by three inches, the peas and beans being shown in one division in j)ods, and in the otlier division in the shelled form. There were 105 boxes of peas and 137 boxes of beans on exhibition. From August seventh to September twenty-sixth 117 boxes of okra, in two varieties, were shown. No part of the vegetable display attracted more attention than the toma- toes. On August first thirty-five varieties were shown, representing the different colors and sizes, and were especially attractive. On August ninth forty-eight varieties were shown ; August eighteenth, fifty-three varieties, and this M'as continued up to the close of the 208 Nkw Yokk at the Woel]:>'s Columbian Exposition. exposition, 5,uU! spuciiiieiis of this very popular vegetable having been on exhibition. Sweet corn was shown in twenty-four varieties, poi)corii in nine varieties, beets, onions and salsify in all of the best kinds known. On July twenty -sixth the station forwarded twenty-two varieties of cucnimbers, and at other times tlie nnniber reached as high as twenty-six varieties, 1,510 speeiniens being shown. From July twenty-eighth to Ootolier thirtieth there were exhibited eighteen varieties of squashes, with a total of 058 specimens. Dr. Peter Collier, director of the experiment .station, took a very active part in making this an extensive and thoroughly practical exhibit, and few who studied it failed to be iiin)ressed with the fact that the soil of New York, if devoted more largely to the culture of choice vege- tables, would yield much larger profits than in being used so largely for cereal production. This was the only station in the United states which made an attempt to show the results of its work in garden and field, and these were studied with no less interest by the representatives of other experiment stations than by the vast concourse of visitors who carried from the exhibit many items of valuable information. The fol- lowing condensed summary shows the contribution made by the New York ^\.gricultural Experiment Station to the combined State exhibit: No. of No. of Name. shipments. vai'ietius. Total. Radislics 7 48 4,664 Lt'ttucc 8 19 624 Peas 7 24 105 Beans 11 35 137 Okra 9 3 417 TdiiuUoi'S 9 56 5,316 Corn 13 24 844 Beets 8 30 814 Oarn.ts 7 16 588 OuidMS 6 23 783 Salsify 3 1 68 Cucunibers 13 30 1,510 Squash 11 18 658 Prti-suips 1 2 33 Ciibba,!i-u 1 4 4 Tiu'iiips 11 6 40 E.ug plant 1 1 1 Musliroonia 3 1 80 Peppers 2 19 684 MuskmeloMs 3 14 115 Watermelons 3 1 4 Swiss chard 3 3 21 Oourds 2 1 335 Celery 3 3 20 Cress' 3 1 3 Among other exhibitors of vegetables were II. T. Lane, Victor, Chas. W. Ford" Fis]iers,'and Geo. A. Ijouuell, Waterloo, -who showed many varieties of ]>otatoes. II. A. Burton, Ripley, Chautampia county, showed Early Ohio potatoes, and from the same town C. W. Rice showed American Bell ; Orra Christy Lee's Favorite ; and J. M. Johnson Early Ohio potatoes and White Spine cucumbers; E. D. C. Tracey, Ghent, Columbia county, showing Yellow Danvers and Red Wethers- Repoet on the Pomology Exhibit. 269 field onions; "W". II. Card, Onondaga Valley, Mammoth peppers. J. G. Howard, of Kocliester, contributed a large and tine general col- lection of vegetables, in wliieli a particularly line display of celeiy was made. The New York State Agrieultui'al Society forwarded from the State Fair, held at Syracuse in September, a large portion of its exhibit, which occupied every inch of available space. This greatly aided New York in maintaining its tine display of the choicest culinary vegetables, and in retaining for it the distinction of being the only State making a complete and continuous exhibit in this dejjartment from the opening to the close of the exposition. Ono of the distinguishing features of the New York exhibit was the manner of its installation. Every variety of fruit shown had a label upon it, giving its correct name. In addition to this, varieties of special merit or value had placards placed over them, stating the points of particular value, as to fine flavor, good keeping quality, valuable for home or foreign trade, with description given of the character of the tree or plant producing the same, as a vigorous or slow grower, hardy and productive, etc., which furnished correct and valuable information to the many visitors, who recognized this as one of the most valuable educational features of the exhiliit. This work was very efficiently done by Mr. E. G. Fowler, assistant director, an expert in horticulture, and who, assisted by A. D. Perry, of Syracuse, had the constant charge of this department at Chicago during the exposition. In eveiy class of exhibits in the department of liorticulture, as in others, the Empire State lias furnished evidence of its gi-eatness in productions tliat will furnish food for study and reflection fur the gen- erations that are to come. CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEBART- lENT B, HORTICULTURE. COLLECTIYE EXHIBIT. GROUP 21. POMOLOGY. In the fniit catalogue the names of the varieties sent at each ship- ment are omitted to avoid mucli useless repetition. An alphabetical list of all the fruit sent by each exhibitor dining the exposition is given, however, togetlier with the nnmber and date of each shipment. As a rule eacli sliipment contained all the varieties in season at that date. NELSON BOGUE, BATAVIA. Peaches. Shipment made October 7, 1893. R. S. Stevens. GEO. ANGELL, GHENT. Apples. Sliipment made September 12, 1893. Cranberry Pippin, Gillitlower, Holland Pippin, King of Tompkins C-ounty, Northern Spy, Northern Pippin, Swaar, Seek-no-Purther, Tallman Sweet, Twenty Ounce. FRED. ARGYLE, BLUFF POINT. Gooseberries. Shipment made July 24, 1893. Unnamed variety. T. B. BARNES, RHINEBECK. Apples. Shipment made October 4, 1893. Ben Davis, Black, Baldwin, Cranberry Pippin, Fall Pippin, Gillitlower, King, Newtown Pippin, Northern Spy, Pound Sweet, Peck's Pleasant, R. I. Greening, Ribston's Pippin, Seek-no-Further, Swaar, Tallman Sweet, Unknown, Vir- ginia Sweet, Vandevere, Wine Sap, Yel- low Bellefleur, Yellow Siberian Crab. W. D. BARNES, MIDDLE HOPE. Strawberries. Shipments made June 19, 23. Bubac, Jessie, Sharpless. Apples. Shipment made August 11. Potter Sweet. Grapes. Shipment made August 11. Champion, Early Victor, Moore's Early, Peabody. A. BASSETT, E. KENDALL Peaches. Shipment made September 12, Crawford, Foster. FRANK BOUCHER, BOSTON CORNERS. Apples. Shipment made October 13, 1893. Baldwin, Gravenstein, King of Tomp- kins Co., R. I. Greening, Seek-no-Further, St. Lawrence, Spitzenberg, Wagener, York Pippin. F. BOWEN, HIGHLAND. Grapes. Shipment made September 9, 1893. Niagara. GEORGE H. BRADLEY, HESS ROAD STATION. Apples. Shipments made August 25 and Septem- ber 4, 1893. Duchess of Oldenburg. G. W. BRIGGS, ORCHARD PARK. Apples. Shipment made October 11, 1898. Baldwin, Ben Davis, Hubbardston's Nonsuch, King of Tompkins Co., Rox- bury Russet, Russet Pearmain, R. I. Greening. BROCKPORT UNION AGRICULTU- RAL SOCIETY. Apples. Shipment made October 7, 1893. Alexander, Baldwin, Cooper's Market, Cranberry Pippin, Cabashca, Fall Jennett- ing, Fallawater, Fameuse, Fall Pippin, Grimes' Golden, Gillitlower, Golden Sweet, Hubbardston's Nonsuch, Holland Pippin, o a 5 < h- _1 p o Eepoet on thk Pomology Exhibit. 271 King of Tompl;iiis Co., Lsuly SwccI, Maiden's Blush, Kcnthcni Si)y, Newtown Pippin, Pound Sweet, Peelv's Pleasiint, Portei', H. I. Greening, Ribston Pippin, Roxbury Russet, Sibei'iiin Criib, St. Liiwrenee. Seelv-no- Further, Siiit/enberiX, Talhnan Sweet, Twenty Dunee, Tweuiy Oiuu'e Pip))in, Unlvnown, Westfield Seek, Yellow Bellefleur. PnAns. Anjou, Angoulenie, Bosc. Clairgeau, Diel, Flemisli Beauty, Harris, Howell, Kiell'er, Louise Bonne, Lawrenec, Ouon- dagiu Seckel, Sheldon, Winter Nells. Quinces. Rae's Mammoth. W. B. BROAVN, NEWBURGH. Grapes. Shipment made September 4, 1S9.S. Brown's Seedlings, Nectarines, Seedlings. T. BURT, GOLDEN BRIDGE. Peaes. Shipment made October 11, ISil:?. Sheldon. CHARLES T. BUSH, EAST KENDALL, Peaches. Shipments made .\ugust 30, Sejitembnr 13, 2li and Oetol)er 2, IHIW. Crawford, Crawford's Late, Early Ki\'- ens, Foster, WheatUnds. Al'PI.ES. Lady Blush. Pl>UMS. Ri.'ine Claude, Lombard, King.ston's. CENTRAL NE'W YORK HORTICUL- TURAL SOCIETY, SYRACUSE. Pf'^aus. Shi])ment made Septend)er 20, 180.3. Anjou, Angoulenie. Boynton Seedling, Barry, Brown Seedling. Broekworlh Park BoSe. CHairgi'au, Cluster Seedling. Des Noimes, Diel, Di.\, Dueliess P.nnaehe. FrediTiea Bremer, Fyn<' d'Aleneon, Fh'inish Beauty, ITosenshank. .laeoh, Kii'lTer, Lewis, Lawrence, ]j<)\iise Boime, Mount Vernon, Onondaga, Robertson Seedling, Sheldon, Seckel, Samuel's Seedling. I'rbanist, Unknown, Vicar of Winkliild. White Doyenne. Winter Russet. Winter Nelis, William Brown Smith Seedling. Apples. Asylum. Belle et Bonne, Ben Davis, Baldwin, Belmont, Benn Royal, Bottle Greening, Boynton Seedling, Blue Pear- main, Coral Crabajiple, Chei'seborough Russet, Colvert, C'aliashea, Detroit Red, Dutch Mignonne, Duclicss of Oldenburg, Esopus Spit/.enberg, Kngli>'li Streak, Egg Top, Early Gillillower, ]"enne, Zoar hmore Bonclircticn, Sum. Sterling, Sarali, Supurtiiu', C'ougres, Summer Frane Soulard Bemamot, Seclcel, ispiu, St. Andre. Souvenir son, Tyler, Upper Crust, car of "Winkfield. 'Wasliing- Early. Winter Xelis, Wliite Beauty. L. J. far:mer, pulaskl Sthawbekries. Shipments made June 28 and Julv 3, 1893. Accomac, Auburn, Anna Forest, Beaufy, Beverly, Burt, Bubac, Beder Wood, Beebe. CraTvford, Cumberland, Cloud, California, Cameroniau. Dayton, Edwards' Favorite, Edgar Queen, Eureka, Enhance, Eclipse, Farnsworth, Gaudy, Gov. Hoard, Gen. Putman, Gillespie, Great Paoific, Haverland. Hermit, Iowa Beauty, Jucunda Imperial. Jewel, Jessie, Lady Rusk, Long John, Lovett, Leader, Slark, Mystic, Miami. Muskingum, Mich- el's Early, Morning View, Manchester, Sliddleford, Mrs. Cleveland, Oregon Ever- bearing, Oregon, Parker Earle, Pearl, Phillips' Xo. 1. Sadie. Southard, Shuster's Germ. Standard, Swindle, Stayman's Ko. 1, Saunders, Shnrpless, Van Deman,Wool- vcrton. Waldron, Windsor Chief, War- field, Wilson, Walton. SETH FEXXER, EAST AURORA, X. Y. Plums. Shipments made September 2, 1893. German Prune, Goliath, Horse. Lom- bard, Orleans, Red 3Iagnum Bonum, Reine Claude, Schenectady, Catharine, unnamed varieties (2). Apples. Baldwin, Fameuse, ^Maiden's Blush, Roxbury Russet, Twenty Otmee, un- named varieties (2). Pears. Bartlett, Bosc, Clapp's Favorite, Seckel. JAMES- FLAHIVE, PEXX VAX. ^Vpples. Shipment made September 12. 1893. King. Lady Elgin, Xortheru Spy, Sum- mer Piijpiu, Seek-no-Further, Wagener. Bartlett. Pears. M. FLE>LMING, WALLKILL. ^Vpples. Shipment made August 11. Red Astrachan, Sweet Bough, Bough. 3.5 Sour J. B. GRAHAM. SYRACUSE. Cuekiues. Shipment made July IT, 1893. Xapoleon Bigarreau. E. S. GREENE, GOLDEX BRIDGE. Apples. Shipment made October 11, 1898. Fallawater, R. I. Greening, Tallman Sweet, Xorthern Spy. C. W. HAIXES, MILLBROOK. Apples. Shipment made October 13, 1893. Bellefleur, Bailey Sweet, Cranberry Pippin, Colvert, Gillitlower, Greasy Pip- pin, King of Tompkins Co., Xewtowu Pippin, Xorthern Spy, Oblong Crab, R. I. Greening, Roxbtiry Russet, Stone, Swaar, Seek-no-Further, Tallman Sweet, Twenty Ounce. S. E. HALL. Str.\weekries. Shipment made June 31, 1898. Unknown seedlings. W. H. HART, POUGHKEEPSIE. Apples. Shipment made September 23, 1893. Belle et Bonne, Baldwin, Ben Davis, Dutch Mignonne, Esopus Spitzenbcrg, Fall Pippin, Gano, Golden Russet. Hub- bardston's Xonsuch, Hart. Holland Pip- pin, Jonathan, King of Tompkins Co., Ladies Sweeting, Monstrous Pippin, McLellan. Mother, Xorthern Spy. Pough- kecpsie Russet, Peck's Pleasjint. Rock Pippin, R. I. Greening, Ribston's Pip- pin, Roxbury Russet, Swaar, Smoke- house, Tallman Sweet, Vandevere. H. E. HEXD, NEAVBURGH. Pears. Shipment made September 4, 1893. Bartlett. Peaches. Wager. G. S. HILLER.MAX. READING CEXTER. Apples. Shipment made October T, 1893. Baldwin. Red Streak. Gillitinwer. King of Tompkins Co., R. I. Greening. Rox- bury. Seek-no-Further, Tallman Sweet, Twenty Ounce. L. E. HORTON, GOLDEN BRIDGE. Apples. Shipment made October 11, 1893. Golden Pippin, Hays, Northern Spy, Twenty Ounce. 2TJ: Nkw Yomk at the World's Columbian Exposition. Peaks. Lawrence, Frcderiek Olapp. C. B. HUGIISON, BRISTOL. Ari'i.Ks. Sliipment miide September 12, 1893. Maiden's Blush. G. E. HUGIISON, BRISTOL SPRINGS. Ari'LKs. ShiiuiieiU, made Oetolier IR, 189.3. Lady Sweel. W. E. HUNT, HUNT'S CORNERS. Al'I'I.KS. Sliipment made Oetober 11, 1893. Gillitlinver. niitcliiiigs' Virjiie Seedling., King of I'cimpl^ins Co., Norlliern Spy, Ka.g, Seelv-Ud-Fui'tlier, Twenty Ounce. F. ■NA'. LA GRANGE. Applks. Sliipment made Oetobcr 11. 1893. Balilwin. lielletleur. Bi'n Davis. Cnba- sliea, (iillitlower, (Jolden Thread. King of Tompkins Co., Norton's Melon. Northern Sjiy. Pound Sweet, Peek's Pleasant, Ko.\- biiiy Russet, R.I. Greening, Spitzeuberg, Taliman Sweet. QtJINCES. Orange. D. C. LEKOY, li.VLnWlXSVlLI.K. Plums. Shipment made September fl, 1893. nieeeker's Gage. Damson, Frost Gage, Italian Prune, Imperial Gage, (-)rleaus. Pe.\1{S. Bartlett, Duchess, Seckcl, Tyson. Apples. Red Astnichan, Quinces. Orange. HENRY LUTTS, YOUNSGTOWN. Plums. Sbipnieiits made August 4, 9, 17, 26 and September 1, 2fi. Abundance, Bradsha\t Duane's Pur]ile. Filleiiberg. Glass Seedling, Lincoln, Mc- Laughlin. Ogon. Pond's Seedling, Quack- enboss, Reine Claude, unknown varie- ties (% Wild Goose, Yellow Egg. Pe.vches. Amsden's .lune. Beers' Smock, Chaem Choii'e, Early Beatrice. Elli.son. Elberta, Early Rivers, Early Louise, Globe, Hyues' Surprise, .TapancseWineberiy, LordPalm- erslon. Lulu. Loiighurst, Mary's Choice, Moore's Favorite, i\Iulberry, Stevens' Rjire- rijie. Wager, Yellow St. John. LYONS BROS., KATONAH. Peaks. Urbanist. WM. JIARCY, E. KENDALL. Peaches. Shipment made September 12, 1893. Early Crawford. CIIAS, JIILLS. FAIRMONT. Black Raspheuiues. Shipment made Jidy 15, 1893. Gregg, Jlills' Seedling, Kansas. GoOSEliEKKIES. Auburn. (^UKKANTS. Mills' Seedling Cluster. W. D. jMILNE. east KENDALL, Plums. Shipincnls made August 30, September 13 and 28, 1893. Kingston, Lombard. Peaches. Early Crawford. Apples. Baldwin. King of Tompkins County. Peaks. Quinces. Duchess. Orange. JACOB MOORE, ATTICA. CUKUANTS. Shipments made July 24, 28 and 29, 1893." Crossbred Seedlings. Nos. 360, .300, 10, 420, 280, 180, 400, 310. 300, 170, 450, 430, 230, 320, Moore's Dark Red. GoOSEliERRIES. Two seedling varieties. F. C. JIORRIS, YOUNGSTOWN. Peaches. Shipment made June 9, 1893. Amsden's Juno. B. MURPHY', E. KENDALL. PE.A.CnES. Shipment made September 13, 1893. Early Crawford. CANNED FRUIT EXHIBIT Eepout on the Pomology Exhibit. 275 Apples. Flower of Genesee, Kiug of Tompkius Co., Twenty Ounce. NEW YORK EXPERIMENTAL STA- TION, GENEVA. STI!.\W]51iKRIES. Shipments n.iule .Tune 19, 21. .July 1. Allen No. 1, Allen No, 3, Bessie, Bevei'ly, Bubac, Beder Wood. Burt. Oliuir's" Favorite, C'l'osby No. 10, Eureka. Freight's No. 2, Governor Hoard, IIolT- maii. riaverland, Iluzleton No. 1, Laxton's Nolile, Middletield, Mitciiell's Early, Man- chester, No. 20.5 Station, Oregon Ever- bearing. Oliver, Phillips' Seedling. Prin- cess, Smettzer's Early, Townsend's No. 2, Townsend's No. 9, Van Deman. CURR.VNTS. Shipments made July 7, 15, 24, August 3. Baldwin, Baldwin's (Bl lek), t'hanipion (Wliile), Champion, Cherry, Columbian Red, Champion (Black), Eclipse, English (Black), Fay, Fay's Prolific, Glorie des Sabions, Lee's Black Prolific, Lee's Black, Loudon Red, Jlills' Seedhng, North Star, Naples (Black), Naples, Ogdeu's Black Grape, Prince Albert, Prince of Wales. Red Dutch, Ruby Castle, Saunders' No. 1, Saunders' No. 2, Seedling (White), Ver- sailles, Victoria, White Grape, AVhite Dutch, Wilder. GOOSEBERBIES. Shipments made July 1, 19, 24, 27, August 3, Alderman, Antagonist, Alice, Apology. Bull Dog. Blucher, British Queen, Broom's Girl, Bollin Hall, Briton, Bury Lam. Bow- cock. Mrs., Crown Bob, Criterion, Cyprus. Countess of Armsrs. Sbipincnts m:iilo Auu'ust 2S aud October 11. 1893. Botau, Burbiiuk, Goldun Beaut}'. Italiau Pi'inci-', Mariana. ^Minor, Og'on, Purple Black, Purple Apricot, Smith's Orleans, "Wild Goose, World Beater. GliAPES. Shipment made September 4. 1S93. Beagle, t'levener. (,'rotou. Early Ohio. Grayson, Gov. Ireland, Iluber's Isabella Scedlini;-, Herald. Juno, Joiiesville. Little Blue, :\labcl. Jlarion, No. S, No. '66, No. 1(5, 'White Jewell, 'Winchell. NO NAME, CHARLOTTE. Apples. Shipment made October 3, 1893. Baldwin, C'oojier's JIarket, Fall Jen- nettiug. Snow. Fameuse. Green Sweeting, Greening. Holland Pippin. Ilubbard- stou's Nonsuch. Johnson. King. Northern Spy. K. I. Greening, Roxbury Russet. Kibston's Pippin, Seek-no-Further, St. Lawrence, Vaudevere, Wealthy. PlCAIiS. Bartlelt. Beurre. Bosc. Clairgeau, Law- reuee, Scekel. Winter Nelis. ORANGE COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. Apples. Shipment made September 26, 1893. Ben Davis. Bailey Sweet. Baldwin, Black, Colvert. Cooper's Market. Falla- water. Grimes' Golden, Gillillower, Grav- enstein. Hog Island Sweet. Ilubbardston's Nonsuch. King of Tompkins County. Lady Sweet. Lowell. ^Mammoth Pip]iiu, jSIaiden's Blush, Northern S]>y, Newtown Spitzeuberg, R. I. Greening, Rainsdell, Stark, Tallman, Ulster, Vandevere Pippin. Pe.\rs. Diel, Louise Bonne, Sheldon, Scekel, Vicar of Winktield. Orange. Quinces. ORLEANS COUNTY AGRICUI^ TUBAL AND HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. APPLESr Shipment made September 27 and 28, 1898. " Baldwin. Ben Davis. Cabashea. Fall Pippin. French Spitzenberg, Grimes' Golden. Gillltlower. Golden Russet. How- ell Pippin. Holland Pippin. Hiibbardston's Nonsuch. Jonathan. Kinir. Lady, Maiden's Blush, Northern Spy, Nonsuch, Peck's Pleasant, Pound Sweet, Roxbuiy's Graft, R. I. Greening, Ribston's Pippin, Rox- bury Russet, Richards' Graft, Seek-no- Further, Swaar, Tallman Sweet, Twenty- Ounce. W. II. OSBORNE, CLYDE. Apples. Shipment made October 13. 1893. Baldwin, King of Tompkins Co., North- ern Spy, Roxbury Russet, R. I. Greening. IRA PEASE, OSWEGO. Pears. Shipment made September 26, 1893. Banlett. NICHOLAS PHALON, MARLBOR- OUGH. Gooseberries. Shipment made July 27, 1893. SecdUng. C. POWELL, COXSACKIE. Pears. Shipment made September 12, 1893. Bartlett, Bosc, Bcurie, Superfine, Clairgeau, Louise Bonne, Scekel. Apples. Favorite, Ilubbardston's Nonsuch, Van Berger, Sour. GEO. T. POAVELL, GIUENT. Ai'ples. Shipments made August 4, 8, 9, 14, 16, 19 and 31. September 7 and 21. Cranberry Pippin. Early Stra^x' berry, Fall Strawberry, Fall Pippin, Fameuse, Grimes' Golden, Holland Pippin. Jona- than. Keswick, Codlin, Knickerbocker, Porter, R. I. Greening. Red Astrachan, Siberian Crab, Sweet Bough, Twenty Ounce, L'nknowu, Wagener. Apricots. Shipments made August 4, 8, 9, 19 and September 7 and 21. Moorpark. Pe.ves. Anjou. Bloodgood, Buffiuii. Bosc. Col- lection. Lliel. Doyenne d'Eter, Early Har- vest, Louise Bonne, Rostizer, Tyson, Unknown, Unnamed. J. D. POWELL, GOLDEN BRIDGE. Apples. Shipment made October 2. 1893. Gravcnsteiu, King of Tompkins Co. Pears. Anjou, Clairgeau. Seckcl. Repoet ox the Pomology Exhibit. OLIVER PULVER, GHEXT. Apples. Shipment made September 12, 1893. Baklwin, E. tudling, Fall Greening, Newtown Pippin, IS'ortheru Spy, R. I. Greening, Spitzenberg, Seek-no-Further, Twenty Ounce. ROWLAND ROBIXSOX, SODUS. Apples. Fall Pippin, Long Island or White Craft. JIaiden's Blush, Porter. ^X. P. ROGERS. WILLIAMSON. Apples. Shipment made September 27, 1893. Baldwin, King of Tompliins County, ^laideus Blu.sh, Roxbury Russet, R. 1. Greening, Talluian's Sweet. Evaporated Raspberries. Early Ohio (black), Shaffer (red). GEO. F. ROWE, SYRACUSE. CUKIiAXTS. Shipment made July 4, 1893. Cherry. AVhite Dutch. Gooseberries. Wellington's 61orJ^ G. E. RYKEMAN. BRO( TON. Quisi Es. Shipment made October 4, 1893. Rae's .Uaunnolh. SENECA LAKE GRAPE GROWERS' ASSOCIATION. QL^^"CEs. Shipment made October T, 1893. Orange. E. SMITH & SONS. GENEVA. Apricots. Shipments made July 20 and 29, August 1. Early iloorpark. Eureka, Jackson. Large Early ilontgamet, St. Ambroise, Roman. Peacues. Ackley. Brigdeu, Crawford. O. H. SMITH, ELLICOTTVILLE. Apples, Sliipmeut made October 11, 1893. Bildwin Belletieur. Cabashca, Falla- waler, GilUHower, Golden Russet, Hub- bardston's Nonsuch. King of Tompkins Co.. Maiden's Blush, Newtown Pippin, | Northern Spy, Pound Sweet, R. I. Green- I ing. Russet Pearraain, Twenty Ounce, j Wagener. GEORGE C. SNOW, PENN YAN. Apples. Shipments made August 4. 23 and 30, September 22, 1893. FaU Pippin, King of Tompkins Co., Primate, Red Astrachan. Peaches. Alexander, Yellow Alberger. Pe.ars. ClapiVs Favorite. FRED H. SNYDER, GHENT. Apples. Shipment made September 12, 1893. Bellefleur, Cranberry Pippin, E. Cod- ling, Fall Greening. Grimes' Golden, Hol- land Pippin. Hawley, Jonathan, Porter, Pound Sweet, Spitzenberg, Twenty- Ounce, Vandevere. Pears. Buffum, Bartlett, Sheldon. J. F. STREET. Strawberries. Shipment made June 21, 189.3. I7nknown seedlinffs. Unknown seedlins J. STUPPLEBEEN, GHENT. Apples. Ben Davis, Black Seek-no-Further, Bald- win, Fall Strawberry, Gillitlower, Jona- than, Iving, Lady Sweet, Newtown Pij)- pin. Northern Spy, Russet Pearmain, Sheepnose, Wagener. FRED TABOR, HIGHLAND. .U>PLES. Shipment made August 31, 1893. Maiden's Blush. AT. F. TABOR, POUGHKEEPSIE. Str.^wberries. Shipments made June 21 and 29, 1893. (Jaudy, Sharpless. JOSEPH T. THOMPSON, ONEIDA. Raspberries. Shipments made July 27 and August 9, 1893. Columbian. GEO. TODD, GOLDEN BRIDGE. Peachks. Shipment made October 2 and 11, 1893. Crawford's L.nte, Lord Palmerston, Smock, Stevens' Riireripe, Ward's Late. Apples. Baldwin, Fall Pippin, R. I. Greening St. Jliehaels. 278 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. Howell. Peabs. MORRIS TOMPKINS, GERMAN- TOWN. STRAWBKimiES. Shipments made June 16, 19, 20. Bubac, Downing, Jessie, Pearl, Sharp- less, Snyder Seedling, Unknown, West Shore. E. D. C. TRACT, GHENT. Apples. Shipment made September 12, 1893. Bellefleur, Blush Pippin, Cranberry Pippin, Dutch Mignonne, Pameuse, GiUi- flower, Gloria Mundi, Holland Pippin, Hawley, Jonathan, Northern Spy, R. I. Greening, Spitzenberg. E. VAN ALSTYNE, KINDERHOOK. Apples. Shipment made August 11, 1893. Pall Pippin, Fall Spitzenberg, Grav- enstein, Golden Sweet, Maiden's Blush, Wine. Peaks. Bartlett, White Doyenne. GEO. VANDEVERE, AMSTERDAM. Peaks. Shipment made October 11, 1893. Anjou, Buffum, Clairgeau, Hardy, Howell, Lawrence, Oswego Beurre, Shel- don, Vicar of Winlifield, Winter Nelis, Washington. . Apples. Baldwin, Esopus Spitzenberg, English Russet, Pameuse, Gilliflower, Golden Russet, King of Tompkins Co., Northern Spy, Roxbury Russet, R. I. Greening, Rambo, Seek-no-Purther, Swaar, Tallman Sweet, Wealthy, Yellow Bellefleur. VAN DRESSER BROS., COBLESKILL, Apples. Shipment made October 13, 1893. Baldwin, Ben Davis, Fallawater, Pall Orange, King of Tompkins Co. , Northern Spy, R. I. Greening, Twenty Ounce. A. VAN WAGENEN, Jr., LAWYERS- VILLE. Pear's. Shipments made September 4, 1893. Clapp's Pavorite. Early Orleans. Plums. Unnamed. Apples. VANDYKE WALTEMIRE, GHENT. Apples. Shipment made September 12, 1893. Baldwin, Greening, GiUiflower, Spit- zenberg, Winter Pearmain. O. WEED, CLYDE. Apples. Shipment made October 13, 1893. Ben Davis, Baldwin, Gilliflower, King of Tompkins Co., Northern Spy, R. I. Greening. WESTERN NEW YORK HORTICUIr- TURAL SOCIETY, ROCHESTER. Apples. Alexander, Baldwin, Ben Davis, Belle et Bonne, Bottle Greening, Black Van- devere, Bailej^'s Sweet, Boiken, Cooper's Market, Cabashea, Cheeseborough Russet, Coral Apple, Dutch Mignonne, Duchess, Fall Newell, Pall Pippin, Fall Greening, Fameuse, Fallawater, Fall Strawberry, Gilliflower, Gloria Mundi, Gravenstein, Greasy Pippin, Grape Apple, Holland Pippin, Hysop Crab, Hawley, Hub- bardston's Nonsuch, Jonathan, King Apple, King, Kentish Pill Basket, Lady Washington, Long Island, Lady Sweet, Mother, Mann, Maiden's Blush, Mcintosh Red, Mammoth Pippin, Middle, New- town Pippin, Northern Spy, Pewaukee, Pound Sweet, Poughkeepsie Russet, Porter, Pine Apple, Roxbury Russet, Ribston's Sweet, Rock, R. I. Greening, Red Canada, Seek-no-Further, Siberian Crab, Swaar, Spitzenberg, Sutton's Beaut}% Twenty Ounce, Virginia Sweet, Virginia Sweet Crab, Wagener, Yorii Pippin, Yellow Crab, Yellow Bellefleur. Pears. Angouleme, Anjou, Boussock, Beurre Gris d'Hiver, Barry, Bosc, Clairgeau, Duchess Panache, Duchess de Bor- deaux, Howell, Japanese, Josephine de Malines, EliefEer, Louise Bonne, Law- rence, Onondaga, Oswego, Seckel, Shel- don, Vicar of Winkfield, Winter Nelis. A. B. WILLIAMS, SODUS. Apples. Shipment made October 13, 1893. Evaporated apples. Raspberries. I Evaporated red and black. J. P. WILSON, EAST KENDALL. Apples. Shipment made October 11, 1893. Baldwin, Cabashea, Roxbury Russet, R. I, Greening, Spitzenberg, Tallman Sweet, Twenty Ounce. p 5 RePOKT ox TUE PolIULOUY ExiUBIT. 279 VEGETABLE EXHIBIT. BONNELL, A., WATEKLOO. Potatoes. Bonnell's Acme. Bonnell's Columbiau, Badger State, Burpee's Extra Early, Bro-n-nell'sWiuner, Early Yaughan, Early Market, Early Wisconsin, Freeman. Far- mer's Alliance and Early Northern. Negro, People's Chautauqua, Pride of Ireland, Rural New Yorker No. 2. Rochester Rose, Seneca Beauty, Signal, Sunlit Star, Seedling No. 3] Storm King, The Dandy, The^ew Queen, Yan Orman's Earliest. DAYIDSON, G. HOWARD, MILL- BROOK. Long Red. Danvers. Brunswick. White Egg. Beets. C'.\llKOTS. C ABU AGE. Turnip. FORD. CHARLES W., FISHERS. Potatoes. American Giant, Beauty of Hebron, Belle, Blush, Burbank's SeedHng, Crane's June Eating. Champion of England, Da- kota Red, Early Rose, Early Puritun, Early White Prize, Empire State, Everitt, General McClellan, James Yick, Jumbo, King of Roses, Laymon SeedUng, Late Beauty of Hebron', Mayflower, Mills' Prize, Minister, Moore's Dakota, New Queen, Ohio Junior, Ohio, O. K. ^lam- moth Prolific, Polaris, Queen of the Roses, Queen of the Yalley, Red Ohio, Reeves' Rose, Summit, Sunrise, Yaughan, White Elephant, White Seedling, Wood- hull Seedling. HASBROECK, LUTHER, NEW PxVLTZ. Onions. Red Wethersfield. HOWARD. 6. C, ROCHESTER. Shipment made October 11, 1893. Beet (Blood Turnip), Carrots (two va- rieties), Cabbage (two varieties). Celery (two varieties), Celeriac, Mangolds, Egg Plant, Parsnips, Radishes (seven varie- ties). Salsify, Turnips (four varieties). HOWARD, S. G., ROCHESTER. Shipment made October 13. 1893. Black Winter Squash, Cucumbers, •Cauliflower, Chicory, Celery, Egg Plant, Flat Turnips, Hubbard Squash, KoH- Rabi, Long Parsnips, Louff Carrots, Large White Radish, Red Winfer Radish, Red Cabbage, Sweet Corn, Short Carrots, Tomatoes, Turnip Beets, Watermelons, Winter Gourd Squash, White Cabbage, Yellow Globe Turnips. LANE, T., YICTOR. Potatoes. American Wonder. Charles Downing, Early Hebron, Ideal, Monroe County Prize, Monroe County Seedling, Rural New Yorker No. 2, Rural Blush, Stray- Beauty, White Star. NTilW YORK EXPERBLENTAL STA- TION. Beets. Shipments made June 15, July 19-39, August 4, 10, 30, October .5, 11. Burpee's Improved Blood Turnip, Bur- pee's Early Turnip, Bastion's Extra Early- Turnip, Bastion's Half Long Blood Red, Columbia, Dewing's Impro-s-ed Blood Tur- nip, Dewing's Turnip, Edmands' Extra Early Blood Turnip, Early Egyptian Tur- nip, Early Blood Red T-urnip, Early Yel- low Turnip, Egyptian Blood Turnip, Early Bassano Turni]i, Henderson's Pine Apple, Large Ribbed Yellow Brazilian, Large Ribbed Silver, Large Ribbed Bra- , zili;in Scarlet, Large Smooth Blood Red, ^Mitchell Perfected Dark Red, New Eclipse, Swiss Charden Green, Swiss Charden Red. Beans. Shipment made July 7 and August 30. Best of All. Burpee's Perfection Wax, China Rcd-Eve, Dwarf German Black Wax, Dwarf "Golden-Eyed Wax, Early Mohawk, Emperor William, Extra Early Refugee, Extra Early Speckled Yalentine, Flageolet Wax, Improved Rust-Proof Golden AVax, Improved Golden AYax, Kidney AVax, New Prolific German Black Wax, New Black-Eyed Wax, Round Yellow Six Weeks (Vick), Round Yellow Six AVeeks (Burpee), AVardwell's Kidney AYax. Bush Beaks. Shipments made July 13, 17, 24, August 1, September 28. Best of All, Blue Podded Butter, Bur- pee's Perfection AA'ax, Boston Small Pea, China Red-Eye, Chamiiion Bush, Dwarf German Wax', Dwarf German Black AVax, Dwarf Golden Wax. Dwarf Golden-Eyed AVax, Early Yellow Six AVeeks, Early Mo- 280 New Y(jek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. hawk, Eiii]3LT(n' WilUiim, Extra Early llcfugee. Extra Red Speckled Valentine, Extra E;niy Red Speckled Valentine, Flageolet Wax, Goddard, Giant AVax, Horticultural, Improved Rust-Prool' Golden Wax, Ivory Podded Wax, Im- proved Golden 'Wax, Kidne)' Wax, New Prolific German Black (Wax), New Black- Eyed Wax, New Prolific German Wax, Round Yellow Six Weeks, Refugee, Wardwcll's Kidney Wax, Wlute Marrow- fat, yosennle Mainmotli Wax, Yosemite Kidney Wax. CABBAOli;. Shipment made August 4. October 11. Early Wiimigstadt, Giant Red Erfurt. All head early. OAnnoTS. Bliipmcnt made July 29, August 4, 10, 11, 30, October 11. Chantenay, Coreless Long Red, Dan- ver's Half Long Red, Danver's Half Long Orange, Early Very Short Scarlet, Early French Short Horn (Burpee), Early French Short Horn (Vick), Half Long Scarlet Stump Rooted, Half Long Scarlet, Im £ roved Long Orange, Long White Vosges, urge White Belgian, Large Yellow Bel- gian, Large Red AUringluim, Oxheart, Saint Valley. CUCUMBEIiS, Shipment made August 1, 0, 11. 14. 31, Sa, iSO, September 7, )ii\ October 4. Arlington, Burpee's Giant Pera, Bur- pee's White Wonder. Chinese Long Green, Carter's Model, Chicago Pickling, Carter's Chanipion, Early Russian, Early Green Prolilic, Extra l^ong Green Prieldy, Ex- tra L-jng White Spine, Extra Frame, Ex- tra Green Cluster, Pordhook Improved White Spine, Giant of Amstadt, General Grant, Green Cluster, Hill's Forcing Wliite Spin,e, Japanese Climbing, London Long Green, Livingston's Evergreen, Long Green Southgate, Nickol's Medium Green, New Paris Pickling, New Giant White, Peerless White Spine, RoUi.son's Telegraph, Siberian, Serpent, Thorburu's New" Everbearing, Improved Chic^ago Picklim;, Westeriield's New Improved, West India Ghei'kin, White Pearl, White Spine. CuLHUY. Shipments made Seiitemlrei" 12, October 12. Giant Pascal, White Plume. Cauliflowisr. Shipment made October 5. Lenormand's Short Stem, Thorburn's Extra Early Dwart Erfurt, Thorburn's Gilt Ed^-e, Snow Ball. Corn (Swbe'I'). Shipment made August 3, 14, 18, 34, September 1, 7. Amber Cream, Black Mexican, Corj^ Crosby's Earlj' Twelve Rowed, Chicago- Market, Country Gentleman (Burpee), Country Gentleiiian (Henderson), Extra Early Adams. Early Minnesota, Early Eight Rowed Sugar, Egyptian, First of All, llickox Improved, Henderson's Red Cob Evergreen, Livingston's New Silver, Improved Rubj', Moore's Early Concord, Marblehead Early, Mammoth Sugar, Mammoth Late, New Early Champion, Ne Plus Ultra, Old Colony, Perry's Hy- brid, Potter's Excelsior, Potter's Excel- sior (Vick), Potter's Excelsior (Burpee), Stowell's Evergreen (Burpee), Stowell's Evergreen (Vick), Shakers' Early, Stow- ell's Evergreen, Stabler's Extra Early, Stabler's Pedigree, Triumph, Vick's Golden Nugget," Zig Zag Evergreen. C^ORN (Pop). Shipment nvade August 3, 34, September 1, 7. Amber Rice, GoUlen Tom Thumb, Ma- pledale, Mapletlale Prolific, CJueen Golden, Silver Lass. Egg Plant. Shipment made October 11. New York Improved. Gourds. Shipments made August 14, 33, September 1, 4, 38. Lettuce. Shipments made July 1, 3, 10, 22, Septem- ber 28, October 13, All Year Roiuid, Burpee's Silver Ball, Black Seeded Tennis Ball, Burpee's Hard Head, Black Seeded Butter, Burpee's Tomhannock. Buttercuji, Blonde Block- head, Black Seeded Simpson, C^alifornia Cream Butter, Danvcr Market. Deacon, Early Prize Head, Early Curletl Silisian, Early Curled Simpson, Gold Nugget, Grand Rapids, Harrison, Henderson's New York, Ilulibard's Market, Hanson, Imperial White, Imperial AVhite Cabbage, Marble Head Cabbage, Marble Head Mam- moth Cabbage, New Balloon, New Celery, New Icebci-g, Onondaga, Prize Head, Paris AVhite Cos, Perpigon, Satisfaction, Thick Head Yellow, Trianon, Vick's Premium Cabbage, White Cabbage, Yel- low Seeded Butter. Musk Melons. Shipment made October 4, 1893. Acme, Burpee's Netted Gem, Bouquet, Banana (citron. Champion Market, Chi- cago Nutmeg, Emerald Gem, Living- Rkport ox the Pojkjlogy Exhibit. 281 ston's Columbia, Long Island Beauty, Xew Tip Top, Kew Early llackensack. Orange Christiana, Westley Hall. W.vTER Melons. Fordliook Early. OsroNs. Shipments made July 29, August 10, 18, 30. Extra Early Red, El Paso, Early Yel- low Globe Danvcrs, Giant White Italian, Giant Kcd Rocca, Giant Rocca, Giant Yellow Rocca, 3Iarket Favorite, 31am- moth Pompeii, ilichigan Yellow Globe, New Slamraoth Silver King, New Queen, New Giant Red Hocca, Kew Silver Ball, Prize Taker, Red Globe, Red Victoria, Round Yellow Danvers, Silver AThite Etna, Southport Large Yellow Globe, Wethersiield, White Silver Skin, AVhite Victoria, White Globe, Yellow Globe Danvers, Yellow Dutch. Potatoes. Shipment made June 16, July 1, Septem- ber 28. jVmerican Giant. American Wonder, Blush, Bonell's Acme, Burbank, Brown- ells AVinner, Burpee's Superior, Burpee's E.xtra, Bell, Bronnell's Columbian, Badger State, Crane's June Eating. Crown .lewell, Chautauqua, Charles Downino;, Champion of England, Dandy, Dakota-Red, Eariy Beauty of Hebron, Empire State, Earl}- Rose, Early Xorlhern. Earlv JIarket. Early AVhite Piize, Everett, Early Puri- tan, Eai'h' Ohio, Famous Alliance, Gen. McClellan, Ideal. Jumbo, James A'ick, Kosh Konong, King of the Roses, La^-- man's Seedling. Mills' Prize, Mayflower, Monroe Seedling, ilinister, Monroe County Prize, Moore's D.diot.'i, New Queen, Negro, Ohio Junior, O. K. ^Mammoth Prolific, Pride of Ireland, People, Prize Taker, Polaris, Pearl of Savoy, Queen Roses, Queen of the A'alley, Reaves' Rare, Rociiester Rose, Rose's Beauty of Beauties, Rural Blush, Rural Xew Yorker No. 2, Red Ohio, Sunlit Star. Stray Beauty, Storm King. Seneca Beauty, Summit, Sunrise. Thorburn, A'an Orman's Earliest, Vauglmn's Early. White Star. AVhite Ele- phant, AVhite "Seedling, AVilson's First Choice, AVoodhull Seedling. Peppkhs. Shipments made Augu.st 9, September 1, 2«; Black Melbian, Craneberry, Coral Gem Boucjuet, Groiuid Kest figg. Golden Dawn, Kaleidoscope, Long Yellow, Long Red Cayenne, New County Fair, New Dwarf Early Red Squash, New Celestial, 36 Sweet Alounlaiu, lied Chili (Burpee), Red Chili (Vi(^k), Red Cluster (Burpee), AVriukled Mi.xed. Pe.vs. Shipments made June 20. July .3. 7. 13, 19. ^Vmeriean AVonder, Alaska. Bliss Abun- dance, Bliss Evcrbciiring, Burpee's Best E.xtra Early, Buipee's Perfection, Burpee's Quality. Burpee's Quantit\-, Black Eyed Marrowfat, Burpee's Profusion, Champion of England, Carter's First Crop, Carter's Premium Gem, Carter's Teleplioue (Vick), Carter's Telephone (Thorburn), Calven- well's Telegraph, Daniels' Duke of Albany, Dwarf Sugar, Dwarf Gray Sugar, Daniels' Matchle.ss Marrow, Dwarf Blue Imperial, Daniels' Earlv Kent. Extra Earlv Premium Gem, First and Best (A'ick), "First and Best (Daniels), First and Best (Burpee), Gem of the Season. Heroine, Ilorsford's Mark- UJ z Eepoet on the Pomology Exhibit. 283 Sweet Pickled Fruits, Thkee Vaki- ETIES. Peaches, Pears, Plums. Caivesfoot Jelly, Five Varieties. 1 Calvesfoot, Comae, Port, Rum, Sherry. Fruit Jellies, Twelve Vakieties, Apple. Bliickberiy, Black Currant, Crabapple, Grape, Lemon, Orauge, Pine- apple, Quince, Raspberry, Red Currant, Strawberry. Jelly, Two Varieties. Red Ourrant, Strawberry. ' Jams, Eighteen Varieties. Apricot, Bitter Orange Slarmalade. Blackberry, Black Currant, Crabapple, Cranberry, Damson, Gooseberry, Green Gage, Pear, Peach, Plum. Quince, Rasp- berry, Red Cherry, Raspberry and Red Currant, Tomato, White Cherry. Olives, Six Varieties. Berdales, Creslant, Jlammoth Queen, Monzauilla, Queen, Singualis. French Capers. Catsup, Mincemeat, Pickled Limes, Plum Pudding, Salad Dressing, Tomato Chutmey. Fruit Syrups, Three Varieties. Blackberry, Raspberiy, Strawberry. McCREADY, MRS. J. F., BUFFALO. Cherries (red, preserved). Cherries (white, preserved), Peaches (preserved), Peaches (brandy). Pickles (sweet, chopped). Pickles (Spanish), Pepper Mau- gols, Martynia. NEW YORK STATE EXHIBIT. Preserves, Twenty-three Varieties. Assorted Apples, Apple Butter, Apri- cots, Blackberries, Cherries, Cherries, (white). Cherries (red, preserved). Currants, Cranberry Sauce, Ci'abapples, Crabapples (preserved). Damsons (preserved), Huckle- berries, Peaches (preserved), Peaches (fresh). Peaches (brandy). Pears, Plums, Pineapples, Quinces, Raspberries, Straw- berries, Sweet Pickles. Fruit Juices. With and Without Sugar. Blackberry, Cherry, Currant (black), Currant (red). Grape, Lemon, Orange, Pineapple, Raspberry (black). Raspberry (red). Strawberry. Jellies. Apple, Assorted, Crabapple, Currant (black). Currant (red). Grape, Quince, Raspberry (black). Raspberry (red). Jams. Assorted, Blackbeny, Currant (black). Currant (red), Currant (red and raspberry, red). Peach, Plums, Quince, Raspberry (black), Raspberry (red). Strawberry. Vegetables. Asparagus. Beans (baked). Beans (string). Catsup, Corn, Cauliflower, Chili Sauce, Mustard, Peas, Pumpkin (stewed), Pumpkin (steamed), Pumpkin (Erie), Rhu- barb, Squash, Succotash, Tomatoes. Poultry. Chicken (boneless), Turkey (boneless). Mincemeat. Soups. Chicken, Consomme, Green Pea, Ju- lienne, iiulligatawney, Jlock Turtle,, jMacaroni, O.x Tail, Tomato, Vegetable, Vermicelli. FLORICULTURE. By JAMES DEAN, Bat Ridge, Supekintendbnt. In September, 1892, Mr. James Dean, of Bay Eidge, was appointed superintendeut of tbe State exhibit of floricidture. This, according to the exposition classiiication, was to be arranged under tbe following groups : Group 22 — Floriculture ; Group 2i — Seeds, seed raising, testing and distribution ; Group 25 — Arboi-iculture ; Groujj 26 — Appliances, methods, etc. It was only after much trouble and correspondence that space enougli was secured in which to niake a display worthy of tlie State. The next point to determine was from whom suitable exhibits could be obtained. After a short trial it was found that in order to meet with any degree of success, personal application was necessary. The super- intendent, tlierefore, waited on a number of wealthy patrons of flori- culture whom he knew to possess collections of special value. Considerable difficulty was experienced in inducing these gentlemen to lend collections which bad required many years and considerable expenditure of money to complete. They were under the impression that their valuable plants would be seriously damaged, if not irretriev- ably spoiled by transportation to and from Jackson Park. This objec- tion was overcome, but tlie responsibility was felt to be none tlie less a very grave one. In actual experience one of tlie greatest difficulties encountered was the moving of the large specimen plants to the fair. Many of the plants, M^eigbing ujiwards of a ton, liad to be bandied, to avoid injury, with the greatest care. Often the plants were obtained from localities where sufficient help could not be had in loading them on the cars. In many cases it was found necessary to put a plant upwards of lift}' feet high in a fortj'-foot car. The foliage and leaves had to be bent very carefully to prevent injuiy. Fortunately in the transportation of the plants to Chicago, not one M'as injured or a single pot liroken. In October, 1892, the superintendent selected four acres of ground in front of the Government, Electi'icity, Horticultural and Agricultural buildings, which he had carefully graded, prepared and sown with special lawn mixtures, for level and sloping lawns. As a seed test these lawns were a great success. In the springtime they were beautiiied by specially designec]-flower beds, which were kept in masses of bloom all dui'ing tbe fair. March and April were devoted to ship]ung the exhiljits, and toward the end of Ajjril there were over seven large car- loads of exhibits in place, ready for the opening. To New York belongs the honor of having her iioricultural display arranged in a most artistic manner and on a scale which eclipsed that of any other State or country on the opening day of the exposition. Eepoet on the Floeicultuee Exhibit. 285- NeAV York occupied almost one-half tlie space under the great dome of Horticultural Hall. The side facing the north was selected on account of its affording better opportunity for the growing and dis- playing of the exhibits. This covered an area of 15,000 square feet, which was divided into two sections. One of 7,000 square feet, situ- ated in the northeast section under the dome, was devoted to the special display of cut flowers and florists' supplies, made by the members of the New York Florist Club. The remaining S,(M)U square feet was designed in a half circle at the base of the great mound in the center of the dome space. Upon this were arranged the magniflcent si^ecimen palms and ornamental foliage plants. It wiis declared with much unanimity by the hoi'ticultural press that the State collection of palms and foliage plants, and the manner in which they were arranged, were the crowning feature of the floricul- tural department of the exposition. The idea was to give a j^ractical illustration of plant decorative art. The design was an ideal dell in the tropics. Fifty loads of sand and soil were arranged into miniature hills and dales, rising in the backgi'ound to a height of forty feet. Twelve loads of natural bark-covered tree trunks, from three to eight feet in height, were arranged in forest-like fashion. Upon these were placed fine specimen palms, the tubs being covered by natural bark to match that on the tree trunks. Fine palms and foliage plants were arranged in naturally disposed groups, while thousands of specimen ferns and beautiful mosses completely covered the ground. An irregular water- course about seventy -five feet long and from three to sixteen feet wide, was made and cemented. Along each side of this were arranged huge boulders of natural rock stone ; these rocks led to the center of the design, where the}' rose to a height of about twenty feet. Here a. fountain of water was made to gush forth, and descend in a natural cascade over the rough rocks, filling up the winding brook below, and forming a very effective and beautiful waterfall and forest-like stream. Huge rocks were placed at various positions on the high hillocks, among which were planted beautiful ferns and selaginellas. A wind- ing gravel walk crossed the stream, close to the waterfall, over a rustic bridge of wood and stone. On either side of this were planted rare ferns and vines that overhung the stream. This winding path, which was here and there baidced liy ferns and moss-covered rocks, sometimes leading over steps made of rocks, extended the full length of the design. Viewing the state exhibit from the outside or main walk, visitors were charmed with the very imposing effect of the splendid palms, which were the tallest at the exposition, and ranged from foi'ty to fifty feet in height. There were also majestic fan palms and sugar j^alms, forming avenues of graceful foliage. Here and there the arf;hing foliage of the Kentias and Arecas, with groups of Dracaenas and ferns beneath, formed lovely vistas through which could be seen the cascade with its splashing waters glittering in a casual ray, piercing the dense mass of foliage. Here and there, too, the eye caught a glimpse of the brilliant foliage of the Crotons, reflecting the combined hues of our spring and autumn woodland scenes. On entering the inner walk, whicii was contimially crowded with visitors, one was struck with tlie 286 New Yoek at this World's Columbian Exposition. natural beauty of tlie scene. All the tropical countries of the world were beautifully represented by grand specimen palms and foliage plants that were grown from seed, and reared at great cost by the wealtliy citizens of New York State. Some of these plants had passed tlu'ough generations of New York families. Here were carniverous plants, fii'st discovered in the jungles of India ; bromeliaceous gems, found in tropical America ; lovely foliage queens from the crevices and summits of the Andes ; and fern trees, depicting in themselves pictures of the forests of far-off Australia. Here was a grand specimen of the Traveler's tree, whose parent grew on tlie desert lands of Madagascar. Near by was a gigantic banana tree with immense leaves, giving a massive and primeval forest tinge to the whole. O'erhanging vines of the bread-fruit plant met and formed arclies. Parasitic moss, peculiar aroids and cpijihytal orchids, indigenous to the toriid regions of the tropics, twisted tlieir curious shajies ronnd the trunks of trees or Imng in fantastic gai'lands from overhead. Date palms from Asia and Africa, cycads from Japan, graceful arecas from the Norfolk and Mauritius Islands, caryotas from Ceylon, with many others from differ- ent countries were arranged amongst the thousand .specimens used in these l)eautifnl groups of rare and ^•alnable plants which formed the princijjal plant exhibit of New York State. HoKTlCULTUEAL AkCIIITECTUEE. New York supplied almost all the exhibits of horticultural archi- tecture at the exposition, winning the greatest honors for novel, beauti- ful and practical designs, complete in every detail of improved methods of construction and tinisli. These exhibits were in three groups, con- sisting of nine specially designed greenhouses and conservatories, and were situated on lawns west of Ilorticultnral Hall. These lawns covered an area of 50,500 square feet, wliolly occupied by exhibits from New York of greenhouses, lawns, lawn tools and appliances, and beantifnl sub-tropical and ornate designs in bedding plants. Six of the greenhouses, fitted with com]:)leto heating apparatus, were filled with beautiful and costly collections of plants by New York State, assisted by the New York Florist Club. These plants while on exliibitioii received the same treatment as is usually given plants in both com- mercial and private establishments ; the most improved implements and garden appliances manufactured in New York State were enqjloyed in tlicir cultivation. One of the houses was a model rose house, such as is used by the commercial rose growers of New York. It was filled with four varieties of now roses, some of which were here shown for the first time. From June till Novcuiber these roses bore thousands of blooms, which all visitors Avere welcome to inspect. Another house during the montli^ of June and July was filled with a tine display of gloxinias, of which there were many hundred plants, most of them bearing from twenty-five to thirty-five flowers. These flowers were delicate cups of every imaginable hue and color. In August, Sep- tember and Octolier, tliese were replaced by a superb collection of tuberous I'ooted begonias that ■were greatly admired. During these months they were the oidy flowers under glass at the fair. They bore Q Z o < u o oi Ivi'irour ON 'i-iiK l''i.oKi(:i!i.Ti:ni'; IVMiiinr. 'JS7 niiiny tliousiuuls o( ricli jiiid (lidiciiti' tinted IiIchhus, in all cdlni-s, many of the Jlowers iiieasiirini; six inciu's in dianicler. Tlie central strnetniv was a larifi* palm luuise or e(inser\'atoi'y. ller(! were exhibited tlie nia.i;-nitie(Mit (villections ol' Orotons, li'iit by \\'iHiain .I>ayard Ciittini;' and the late .lay (Jould. The collin'tions consisted of a hundred s[)ec'iinen |)lantsin ovei'iil'ty varieties, and their beautil'iil folian'c condjiiiod every color known in plant life. In Ihe cenlei' ol' this con- servatory was a larjfo cenieiiled tank, sp<'cially made for our ra.r(^st aquatic phmts, tlie ]>rinci pal feature of which waslhc \' ict i^iant water lily of the Amazon I'iver, the oidy plant of its kind at the fair, llcrt^ was also a line specimen ol' Ourciaiidi'a i'V'uestraJis, the Lace I'lant of I\ra(lai;;asca,r -a beautiful aipiati<' product with ])(M'nliar foliajje, tinely divided, i-esend)lini!; lace. ( )vei'liani;'inj;- this tank were the gracefid vines of tlu^ liii'd tlowers, Ai'istoloc-liia, ()rnitho(^epliala and Aristolochia (Tildas, the latter bi'ai'ini^- many eiuirnious iiowers, shaped like a pelican. These, in addition to the numerous forus and jfracivFul vines, han^'ing from (he surroiindini;' benches, gaNc Ihe house a- pretty, tropical appearance. A portal)le n'reenhous(\ desigiuMl especially for amatiuirs' use, was tilled with a line collection of Rex r>ei;didas, compi'isint;' nuiny beaidiful seedlings never hefoi'e exhibited. A ciii'\cd i-oof greeidiouse was tilled with a choice collection of orchids and ferns, the latter occupying the benches, whil.' the former were suspeiu led from the roof and sides of the liouse. Still another house, (Unsigned foi' a villa conservatory, was tilled with palms and i'oliag(^ plants, flowering vines K'uding theii- charms in its I'oof decoration. Thes(! six houses were considered most, \'alu- ahle cilucational factors in tiii^ furtlu'rance and develo])nu'nt of hoi'li- cultural art. Tliey wei'C 0])eu to inspection by visitors, and the many thousand.s of j)eople who visited them daily served to show liow much tliey were a])iireciated. 'JhllO ( )|,l)-l''ASUIo.N'l01t (lAKDKN. A little distance west of the greenhouse exhibit, occupying 2,.'')00 square feet, was a model of an old-fashioned New York garden, which was a uni(jne feature in our exhibit. It was phinteil early in tlio S])ring of 1 SO.'!, and was a mass of bloom all during the fail-. In it was jiortrayed, as iu;arly as ])ossibl((, the beauties an,(10() s(pia.re feet, or three-fourths of .the entire lawn space at that point. Directly in front of the main entrance Avas situated a large, ornamental, aquatic tank, in which was made the principal aquatic dis- play. Here we exhibited the finest collection of aipiatics ever brought together. They consisted of seventy-five distinct varieties, forty of which were nymplueas, indigenous to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Japan, India, Mexico and tiie United States, but all of which were raised, climatized and inq)roved in New York. There Avere also siilen- did new varieties shown and beautiful specimens from New Yoi'k lakes. In the center grew beautiful groups of iielumbium with their superb flowers of white and dee]) I'ose, waving above tlie dense foliage. These were surrounded by nympluras, whose lovely fragrant flowers, ranging through every shade of ])ink, carmine and crimson, the softest blue to deepest pnrjile, sulphur and chrome yellow, bloomed day and niglit. A large lawn north and south of this was planted with a flue collec- tion of selected varieties of cannas, consisting of over 5,000 specimen jdants, arranged in circular, oval and rectangular Iwds, each containing loo i)lants of a distinct variety. Along the main walks and drives were ]>la.nted twelve sjiecial designs with ornamental bedding plants of every description. These were surmounted by a shield of plants l)eai'ing the words "New York." This Avas the only example of floral decorations exhibited on the exposition grounds. It presented a nuignificent scene. The long beds of cannas bearing masses of the most brilliant colored flowers ranged the full length of JlorticulturaJ Hall (1,000 feet), forming a striking conti-a-st to tlie wliite buildings. The State had upwards of 40,000 plants in front of Tlorticuitural iTall, all of them brought from New Yxtrk specially for the occasion. (^N tub Wooded Island. ]n the center of Wooded Island New Y'ork made the iinest display of ornamental trees, shrubs and lianly flowering ]ilants. Eighteen thousand square feet were planted with ornamental trees of every ItEl'OKT ON THE FlUKICULTUKE ExilIBIT. 289 description and tlic rarest uf decidions flowering and cvei'green slirubs. Ten tliousand sc^uai'e feet were oeeupied liy eulleetions of lierbaceous and annual tiowering plants, among wliieli were super!) colleetions of lioUyhoeks, peonies, phlox and iris, the latter being of special merit. In the international rose garden New York held a jironunent ]iosition, covering an area of 2,500 square feet. On this were exhibited 1,000 perpetual blooming tea rose bushes in fifty choice varieties which liloonied continually and profusely from early sunnncr to late in the autumn. In addition to this there was a disj)lay of many thousands of gladiola. In hardy azaleas and rhododendrons the State made a splen- did showing. A large tent covering 3,000 square feet was tilled with the rarest collections of these lovely flowers. On the south end of the islancl the New York Gaelic Society exhibited a large fac simile of the harp of Brian Boru, made of shamrocks imported from Ireland. Seeds, Implements, etc. In tlie north pavilion of Horticultural Hall seeds, garden implements and appliances were exhibited. Here New York's exhibits occupied a large area along the main aisle of the pavilion. Five hundred varie- ties of flower seeds were shown, with methods of cleaning, testing, pre- serving and shipping as ])racticed in the seed trade. Many new inven- tions in garden imj)lements were also installed here. In the gallery of Horticultural dome New York exhiljitors gave practical illustrations of greeidiouse construction, the latest improved methods (jf greenhouse heating and ventilating, designs for and methods of illustrating horticultural literature, architectural and landscape plans of New York public ])arks and famous gardens, display of floral photo- graphs illustrating floricultural art of the ])ast iifty years, and immor- telle designs, lettering and inscriptions as used by fl(jj'ists. Here, also, the State Museum exhiliited a reniarkal)le collection of the edible and poisonous fungi found in the State of New Y(jrk. On the ground floor east side of the dome the New York Florists' Club made its special display of florists' supplies, plant pots of every description, seed and fern pans, ferneries, jardinieres, cut flower vases, fancy flower baskets, florists' wire designs, seeds, garden hose, plant and flower sprinklers, ])hotographs, and the h'r(ms. 3 Vlueiiix Heclinala, 10 I'eet high, 1,T feel spread; 3 Liiliuiia liorbonica, 8 reel. high, I'l feet spread; I (.'nrciiligo recur- Viita, feet diameter; I I'liilodendron pertusum, 10 I'eet long; I Cmton Inter- riiptum, Tfeethigh; I Cvoton Andreanum, 8 feel, high; 1 Croton Nobilis, (I feet high; 1 Croton (.Jueeii N'ieloria, 8 feel high; I Croton 1'"a iinsinnuin, 8 feet high; I Croton lIUisI us, (i I'cct high; 1 Crolon Mooreanuni, 7 feet high; I Croton Conipte de (lerinanv, (i feel liigh; 1 Croton Charlotle Kollischird, 8 feet high; I Croton Disrai'li, 8 feet high, DAACIIK, II. A., NEW YORK CITY, Pansiks, *-~ 300 plant:! of each of the following va- rieties; Uuperiid Mght Blue, Emperor William, rcaeock. Azure Blue, Lord Bea- conslicld, Marginila Aurea, Silver-edged, White, A'iolet-'cdged, Eaiist, Violet, '^'el- low, Pelagoniuni llowered. Auricula How- ered, Wall Mower colored, Sli'iped, Gold bron/e, liose l,il;ic. K a Hie Scarlet, Triuiar- deaii Bl;u'k, White Imiieriiil, Mixed Im- perial, Black Imperial. DAILLEDOUZE BROS., FLATBUSH. (hit flowers sent for Manhattan day: Chrvsanlhcinuiu blooms (500 speeiinens), in ten varieties. DAKDS, CHARLES A., NEW YORK CITY. Palms and Fo.iyiAOK Pi.,ANTS. 2 Arauearia e.xeelsa, 4 feet high; 10 .Araucaria excclsa coinpacta, ii feet high; 2 Keiita lielnioriana, "i Icet high; 2 Kenia Korsteriana, -1 feet liigli; 2 Areca Hauerii, (i feet high; 1 Lalania Borlioniea, H feet high; 12 Adiantum cuiiealinu. DEAN, DAVID, ASTORIA. Cut Mowers sent for ^Jhinhaltan day: 1,000 carnation blooms in ten varieties. DEAN, JAMES, BAY RIDGE. One specimen each of the following va- rieties of A/.alea Indiea: Dcnlselie Perle, liaronne de Yriere. Baron Killich van Horn, Bignoniae Mora ideiio, Comte do Chainliord, Comle.ssc de Flandre, Con- cordia, l)a\id Milne, De.sdemona, Duchess Adcluitle de Na^ss.•lu, tiuslave Gnilniot, Herman Seidcl, .lean \'erscliaM'eh, Louiso I'yiiacrt, Le Klanibenu, .Mad. L. Van lloulli', l\Ieinoire de l.ouis Van llontte, Oswald d(^ Kerchorc, Prinews Charlolle, Souvenir de .Francois N'crviu'iie, A'esuri- uiis, A. Horsig, A])ollo, Bernard Andre, Bernard Andre .Mba, Ceres, I'higcnio de Kerkhove, Kin)ienn' of J,U'a/.il, llcr- monie, .losc]ih Vi'rvaene, i\Iad. jMario Planchon, Madame De Grevc, Madanio van der Cruy.ssen, I'unclulata, Raiihael, Queen of Whites, Sigisminid Rucker, Versicolor, Sovir de Prine<> Albert, Em- press of India, Alba sjieciosa plena, Alice, Amoena, Antigone, ;\polloii, Argils, l!a- ron Nathaniel von Rothscliild, Hanai Edo- uard Ovy , Beauty Suprenu', Caiididissima, ('has. Darwin, Cli. Eneke, Cocordo drange. Daphne, Dislinclion, Dr. Licliig, Duchess lie Flanders, Eli.se Licber, Flag of Truce, Gloire de Bclgigue, (iross- furstin Ilelene, lliirle(|uin, llerniine, Iler- luosa, Imperalrice dcs liides, .joliii (ionld Veitch, John Pope. FmiNs, .""lOO AdiiinUiiu C\ineatuin, 100 Ailiantuin Decorum, 100 Davalliabullala, 50 Nephro- Icpis lulH'i'osa, 35 Pleris Umbrosa, 35 As- pleninm biforme, 35 .Vdiantum telraplivl- iiiin, 200 Pteris llastata, 35 Ple'iis Argyraea, 10 l^avallia. Plalyphilla, 10 Oyn'ogramma Chrysophalln, 10 Aspidium Eepokt ox the Fl< )Ui;i Peyrouse, Louise Closson, Wil- liam Robinson. .John Hopper. Little Lucy, Septruni, Qundrieolor. Silver Threads, Walter Long, Richmond lieavity, jMonge. Roses. 2 Perle des .lardins, Walxm. Comtesse de Laliarthe, Devouiensis, Etoile deLyon, Sombrenil, ileteor, J>a France, Antoine Verdier, Souvenir de la Malniaison. .Mad- ame L;unliard, Louis Philipiie, Hcnnosa, ^Madame Philip Kunle/.. SoiivenirF. Pau- leire. .Madame Martha du Bourg, Grace Darling. Caniclia Raust. A. Sisley, Gen- eral Tartas, Madame Bo.saiKjuet, The Bride, Louis Richard. Mdse. Sisley. Mad- ame Blauchel, Catherine ilermcl, Clo- thilde Soujierl, Papa GouiUier. I-^abella Sprunt. JIadanie Cusin, -Madame Welch, Madame F. Schwartz. Duacaes.vs. 1 Dracaena Rubra, 2 feet high; 1 Dra- caena Jjindcnii, 3 feet high; 1 Dracaena Amabilis, 2 feet high; 1 Dracaena Coo- perii, 2 1-2 feet high; 1 Dractu-na Termi- nalis, 5 feet high; 1 Dracaena Australis lineata, 3 feet Ingb; 1 Dracaena SIricta Grandis, 3 feet high; 1 Draiacna I'erk- leyii, 2 1-2 feet high; 1 Dracaen.a Vonngii, 4 feel high; 1 Dracaena Fragrans, 6 feel high; 1 Dracaena Lindenii Aurea. 6 feet high; 1 Dracaena Bajilisli. 2 feel high; 1 Dracaena Br.izilicnsis. 3 feet high; 1 Dia- eaena Canticlli. 2 1-2 feet high; 1 Dra- caena Draco. 4 feet high; 1 Dracacn.'i Fer- rea, 2 1 2 f(-ethigh; 1 Dracaena llendcr- sonii, 3 feet high; 1 Dracaena lniperi,nlis, 1 2 feet high. 294 IIew Yokk at TiiK Woklb's Columuian Exposition. DONLAN, EILEEN, BROOKLYN. Ancient L'ish harp design, fac simile of the Brian Born liiirp, made of the follow- ing named plants: 500 shamrock (Floreat Ilibernica), brought from Glasgow Ceme- tery, Dublin, and Dowth C'astle, County L , Ireland, 500 Echeveria secunda, 1,000 Echeveria secunda glauca, 310 Echeveria agaroides, 300 Echeveria Meta- lica, 35 Agave Americana, 25 Agave Americana variegata, 50 Sempervivium intus lutens, 1,000 Alternanthera Paryon- choides Major, 500 Alternanthera Versi- color, 3,000 Alternanthera Aurea Nana, 1,000 Altcruauthera Amoena. ELLWANGER & BARRY, MT. HOPE NURSERIES, ROCHESTER. Collection op Orn.^mental Trees, Shrubs, Roses and Herbaceous Plants. 50 Samhucus Nigra, 35 Sambucus vari- egata aurea, 35 Sambucus variegata heterophylla, 13 Sambucus variegata l.iciniata. 13 Sambucus variegata pulveru- lenta, 13 Sambucus variegata, 35 Sambu- cus racemosa variegata plumosa, 13 Ber- beris Canadensis, 13 Berberis Fortuncii, 13 Berberis illicifolia, 13 Berberis Thun- bergii, 25 Philadelphus coronatius, 13 Philadelphus variegata flore pleno, 12 Pbiladelphus variegata nanus, 13 Phila- delphus folia aureus, 13 Philadelphus gi'anditlorus, 12 Sj'ringa (Lilac) Persica, 13 Syringa Persica alba, 13 Syringa vul garis, 13 Syringa caerulea superba, 13 Syringa President Greve, 4 Syringa Siberica alba, 5 Syringa villosa, 4 Syringa Charles X, 3 Syringa Nana, 5 Sj'ringa Ville de Tropes, 3 Syringa gigantea,^5 Syringa rothomagensis, 2 Acer crispum, 2 Acer tripartitura, 3 Acer Morleii, 13 Acer Sanguinea, 13 Acer dissectum atro- pur]nireum, 3 Cerasus Sieboldii alba pleno, 3 Pyrus mains coronaria odorata, 2 Prunus m_yrobolana flore roseo pleno, (i Prunus Japonica flore alba pleno, 3 Prunus Japonica flore rubro pleno, 3 Amygdalus communis flore roseo pleno, 3 Amygdalus communis stricta, 6 (Morus) AVeeping Russian Midberry, 6 Pagus ]"uu'iitn-ca ri\'ersii, 6 Liriodendron panaclie, 5 Diervilla (Wcigela) ^Monsieur Lemoine. 5 Diervilla rosea, 5 Diervilla Nana folin variegata, 5 Diervilla P. Duchartse, 35 Mahonia Aquifoliuni, 23^T3uxus semi^er- virens, 15 Rhododendron Catawbiense seedling, 3 Rhododendron Everestianum, 3 Rhododendron Album, 3 Rhododendron Blandyanum, 3 Rhododendron Atrosan- guineiim, 3 Azalea Mollis yellow, 3 Azalea Mollis red, 3 Azalea Mollis liglit red, 3 Azalea Mollis orange, 13 Azalea Ghent, 13 Betula fastigiata, 13 Betula jiendula laciniala, 13 Ulmus stricta purpurea, Ulmus variegata argenta, 6 Tilia alba spcetnbile, 6 Tilia dasystyla, € Populus aurea Van Geertii. 6 Popidus fastigiata, 6 Populus Bolleana, 6 Catalpa speciosa, 6 Fraximus alba Argeutia jMargiuata, 6 Fraximus aucubaefolia, 6 Sorbus querci- folia, 13 Salix Babylonica, 12 Salix Sie- boldii, 13 Salix Salamonii, 13 Salix caprearas pendula, 13 Phcllodendron Amurense, 25 Dentziacrcviata flore pleno, 50 Hydrangea paniculata grandiflora, 35 Spiraea opulifolia aurea, 5.) Rose jMarshall P. Wilder, 13 Spiraea Van Houtii, 35 S|iiraea Rotundifolia alba, 35 Fuuhia alba gvaiidiflora, 100 Anemone Japonica alba, 100 Anemone Japonica rubra, 100 Holly- hocks mixed, 35 Delpliiniuni forniosum, 25 Delphinium bi-color semi-plenum, 35 Delphinium caelestinum, 100 Ilarpalium rigidum, 35 Hemerocallis flora, 50 Phlox amoena, 35 Phlox proemnbens, 35 Phlox subulata, .50 Phlox Andre Leroy, 50 Phlox Alba, 50 Phlox Ciueen, 100 Paeonia mixed, 35 Erianthus Kavennae, 35 Eulaha Japonica Zebrina, 35 Eulalia Gracillima Univittata, 25 Eulalia Japonica. GOULD, JAY, IRVINGTON-ON-THB- HUDSON. Palms and Ounajiental Foliage Pl.ants. 1 Seaforthia Elegans, 45 feet high; 2 Areca Lntesceus, 15 and 20 feet high; 3 Latania Borbonica, 15 feet high and 35 feet spread; 1 Theophi-asta Im]5eri.ilis, 18 feet high: 1 Ptyehosperma Alexandrae, 30 feet" high; 1 Primasi Elegans, S feet hi'-h; 1 Primasi Elegans, 7 feet high; 1 Pleetocoma Assamica, 50 feet higli; 3 Areuga Bonuctti, 30 and 35 feet sju-ead; 1 Paudanus Utilia, 10 feet high; 1 Pritch- ardia Pacifica, 8 feet high; 1 Pritchardia Maerocarpa, 7 feet high; 1 Pritchardia Aurea, 7 feet high. CUOTONS. One specimen of each of the following varieties; Charlotte Rotlisehild, Disraeli, Interruptum, Nobilis, Pietum, Queen Vic- toria. Variegatum, Evansianum, Illustus, Prince of Wales, Princess of "NVjdes, Jlaculatum Katoni Aurea, Mooreana, Jlajesticuiu, Undulatum, Veitehii, Wil- liamsii, Conipte de Germany, Elegantis- sima. Fortius, JIagnificum, Splendens, Harmouianum, IJismarkii, Picturatum, Duke of Bueeleuch, Mangoldii (new), McArthur, Helen Gould (new). Jay Gould (new). HEISSINGER, FRANK, NEW YORK CITY. Architectural landscape designs, em- bracing plans of New York public and Eepoet ox the Floricultuee Exhibit. 295 private parks aud famous Js'ew York gardens. HENDERSON, PETER, CO., NEW YORK (.ITY. Four acres of lawn as an exhibit of Henderson's "Lawn Grass Seed;" Gar- den implements and appliances: Lawn tools and appliances: Henderson's Lawn Jlower (4 blades), all sizes; Henderson's Lawn ilower (6 blades), all sizes; Lawn sprinklers, 8 different kinds; Pruning shears; Pruning and budding knives. Exhibit of seeds in ornamental and novel booth, made fac simile of warehouse, 35 and 37 ["ortlandt street. New York city. 500 varieties of flower seeds; seed pack- ages and utensils and appliances of seed trade; tennis sod mi.xture; lawn grass seed; dried flowers and bulbs. HoRTicri.TrK.\L Liter.\tx:re. Henderson's Handbook of Plants; Hen- derson's Gardening for Profit; Hender- son's Practical Floriculture; Henderson's Garden and Farm. C.^LADICltS. Six plants of each of the following va- rieties; Thelmanii, Chanterli, Refulgens Venosa, Madame Heine, Meyerbeer, "Weightii, Max Kalb, Princess Alexandra, Albert Edward, JIadanie De la Devan- saye, Due de ilorny, Bicolor Splendens, Baron de Mamore, Refulgens Rubra, P.VNSIES. The following were grown from seed in the seed testing department at the World's Fair — the plants were afterwards ex- hibited in their special classes. Two hundred specimens of each of the following varieties ; Trimardean, white, Violet and yellow. Brown and gold bronze, Gloriosa perfjcta quadricolor. Emperor William, Lord Beaconsfield, Little Red Riding Hood, Goldelse, Dr. Fau.st, Five spotted, Red, Yellow, White. Henderson's mixed. Marble dark. Rose lilac, Light blue, Striped lilac. Marble colored, Purple and yellow, . Black yellow eye. Snow white. Havana brown. Bronze, Dark blue, Jleteor. White edged. Purple white edged. Black, Red aud white. Black and violet. Dark purple, Fine dark mixed, Black shaded blue. PuiMCL.VS. One hundred plants of each of the fol- lowing varieties: Sinensis timbriata alba, Sinensis fimbriata rubra. Sinensis fimbriata coccinea, Sinensis fimbriata rubra flore plane, Sinensis fimbriata Kermesiua splendeus, Sinensis fimbriata eristata nana alba, Sinensis fimbriata stricta, j Sinensis fimbriata fllieifolia, Siueu- I sis timbriata punctata elegantissima. Sinensis fimbriata stricta flore pleno, Sinensis fimbi'iata alba magnifiea, Elatior polyanthus, Japonica, Veris, Macrocalyx, Obconica, Vulgaris, Rosea, Floribrinda, Cortusoides. Caknas. Fifty plants of each of the following varieties: iliss Sarah Hill, Madame Crozy, Admiral Courbet, Due de Montenard, D. J. Sisley, Nellie Borden. Aqvatit Plaxts. 1 Nymphrea Sturtevanti, 1 Nymphaea Marliacea Chromatella, 1 Nymphtea Zanzi- barensis Azurea, 1 Nj'mphwa Zanzibaren- sis Rosea, 1 Nymphrea Odorat:i rosea, 1 Nymphsea Alba Candidissima, 1 Nymphaea Devontensis, 6Eichhornia crassipes major, 6 Richai-dia albo maculata. Bedding plants. C'lXERABIA. 50 plants Cineraria hybrida grandiflora Kermesina, 50 plants Cineraria hybrida grandiflora pyramidalis, 50 plants Cine- raria hybrida grandiflora flore plena, 50 plants Cineraria hybrida grandiflora. Ml&NOXETTE. 200 plants Mignonette Red Giant, 200 plants Mignonette Machet, '200 plants Mignonette Bird's Mammoth, 200 plants Mignonette Parsons' White, 200 plants Mignonette Golden Queen. Cycl.uiex. 100 plants Cyclamen persicum, 100 plants Cyclamen giganteum. Calceolakia. 50 plants Calceolaria Hybrida grandi- flora nana. 50 plants Calceolaria Hybrida grandiflora, 50 plants Calceolaria Vesunus. Hollyhocks. Onehundred plantsiu selected varieties. HEWS, A. W.. i CO.. LONG ISLAND CITY. Several hundred fancy plant recep- tacles, jardinieres, plant pots, saucers, rus- tic hanging fern baskets and ornamental cut flow-er vases. HITCHINGS & CO., NEW YORK CITY. Horticultural architecture, modes of construction, appliances, etc.; conserva- tory or palm house, 50 feet b}- 37 feet; 296 I^EW YoEK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. palm house oouslvuction, lu-aling, ven- tilating, benching, llooiing, etc.; green- house, suitable for general plant house, 19 feet 3 inches by 84 feet; heating, ven- tilating, benoliing, flooring, etc.; green- house, suitable for general plant house, 19 feet 3 inches by Si feet; healing, ven- tilating, benching, flooring, etc.; hot water boilers for hard or soft coal; saddle boilers for wood burnings; saddle boil- ers for hard or soft coal; conical boil- ers for hard or soft coal; base-burning water heaters for liard coal; hot water pipes and other appliances for greenhouse heating; ventilating apparatus for green- houses; glazing of greenhouse with curved 01' straight glass; iron frames for green- house construction; cast iron gutters for greenliouse construction; greenhouse with cast iron gutters; drainage, tile bottom for greenhouse benches; iron frames for greenhouse benches; design for palm house. HOLT, EDWARD W., NEW YORK CITY. Garden rubber hose, six varieties in standard sizes ; gardener's rubber aprons. HORAN, ED., NEW YORK CITY. Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day; 100 blooms of Rose Perle des Jardins; 100 bloomsof Rose " Catherine Mermet; " 100 blooms of Rose "The Bride;" 100 blooms of Rose " La France;" lOOblooms of Rose "The Bridesmaid." Collection of 1,000 chrysanthemums in 25 varieties. JANSEN, EDWARD, NEW YORK CITY. Fancj'^ wicker basket vtises; one speci- men antique Venetian ivor}^ enameled wicker plant vase, y feet high; one original American blue and silver painted wicker plant vase, 6 feet high; one fancy hat basket plant, 8 feet higli; vase on easel; one Egyptian swan neck basket vase, 4 feet high; one fancy shoe plant vase, 8 feet high. JOOSTEN, C. H., NEW YORK CITY. Fostite and powder for the prevention of black rot and mildew on plants; pat- ent magazine bellows in two sizes, for the distribution of plant insect powder. KEITSCH, H., & SON, BUFFALO. 6 Hydrangea otaksa. KELLER, JOHN M., BAY RIDGE. 12 Pandanus Utilis, 2 and 3 feet high; 12 Pandanus Veitchii, 2 and 3 feet liigli; 13 Adiantum cuneatum, 12 Nephrolepis E.xaltata, 12 Pteris umbrosa, 12 Pteris Argyrea, 25 Pteris Serulata cristata densa, 12 Ouychium Japouicum, 12 Ly- godiuni Japonicum, 1 Dracaena Hybrida Stricta, 1 Dracaena Massangeana. KELSEY, FRED W., NEW YORK CITY. Rhododendroks. 3 Roseum elegans, 3 Gloriosum, 6 Aneen, 4 Madame Cawalbis, 3 Lady Staf- ford, 4 Cliornoides, 3 Princess Hortense, 6 Mrs. John Waterer, 4 Everestianum, 4 Charles Noble, 3 Album elegans, 6 Jolin Walter, 3 Michael Waterer, 3 Perspieium, 4 Nero, 3 Queen, 6 Abaric, 4 Album Mul- tum, 4 Lady Cathart, 3 Minnie, 3 War- i-ior, 3 Helen Waterer, 2 Polopidas, 3 Candidum, 2 Baron Waterer, 3 B. W. Creme, 3 Blasseum. Japan Maples. 7 Acer atropurpureum dissectum, 5 feet high; 6 Acer atropurpureum varie- gatuni, 13 to 18 feet high; 2 Acer atro- purpureum; 1 Acer sanguineum; 1 Acer atropurpureum dissectum variegatum, 4 feet high; 2 Acer scolopendifolium rub- rum, 5 feet high; 3 Acer rosea Marginata, 4 feet high; 2 Acer versicolor, 4 feet high; 3 Acer pictum albus aureum, 4 feet high; 2 Acer reticulatum, 3 feet high; 1 Acer various varieties grafted together. Ornamental Shrubs. Biota semper aurea. Biota elegantis- sima. Biota (jrientalis. Cupressus lansoni- ana, Cupressus nutkaensis, Juniperus Chinensis, Juniperus hibernica, Juniperus suecica, Retinispora plumosa, Retinispora argentea, Retinispora plumosa aurea. Standard retinispora plumosa aurea, Standard retinispora gracilis. Standard retinispora squarosa, Taxus baccata, Taxus erecta. Standard taxus Washing- tonii, grafted on taxus hibernica, Thuga aurea, Thuga pyramidalis, Buxus sem- perniens, Buxus argentea, Buxus aurea Juniperus japonica alba. Biota filifera, Retinispora obtusa nana, Standard varie- gated Hollies. KOFFMAN, E., WALDEN. Smilax, Myrsiphyllum asparagoides (350 specimens); 5J0 "strings of smilax for decorating purposes, sent for Manhattan day. KRICK, WILLIAM C, BROOKLYN. Patent florist's immortelle lettering and designs; florist's artistic lettering and designs suitable for all kinds of inscrip- tions, mottoes and emblems, as used in florists' trade; monogram, in colored im- mortelles, of the New York Florist Club. Kepokt ox the Flokioultuke Exhibit. 297 KRETSCHJIAR BROS., FLATBUSH. 50 Adiautum cunratuui, 25 Pteris Has- tata, 25 Xeplirolcv''* Exaltata, 25 Davalliii bullata, 25 Davallia teuuitoiia stricta. LEWIS, P. C, MFG. CO., CATSKILL. Patjnt spray inimps; "The AVonder" brass machine spray pumps (three sizes), Avit'i Lewis' patent graduating nozzles, with automatic mixer for use iu spraying plants. LONG, DANIEL B., BUFFALO. Floral photographs ; one album of 75 photographs of different uo\'el and artistic floral dasigns ; one album of 50 photo- graphs showing the best modern iilcas of American floral decorations; one album of 75 photographs showing novel and artistic arrangements in floral baskets and bouquets ; large jihotographs showing the best examples of floral arrangements ; 75 placques illustrative of ancient and modern floral arrangements. LORD & BURNHAM CO.. IRVING- TOX-ON-THE-IIUDSON. Hortictdtural architecture for ornamen- tal and commercial uses; conservatory 25 feet bj' 50 feet; conservatory construc- tion, heating, ventilating, benching and otherappliances; model conmiercial green- house 20 iict by 331-2 feet; for araater.r or commercial purposes, greenhouse con- struction, heating, ventilating, benching and othtr appliances; model commercial rose house. 20 feet by 33 1-2 feet; rose bouse construction, illustrating the latest improved methods for the cultivation of the rose; American rose bouse construc- tion, beating, ventilating, benching, etc.; portable greenliouse, 15 feet by 25 feet; suitable for palms, orchids, ferns or gen- eral plant house; ciu'ved greenhouse con- struction, heating, ventilating, benching, tiling, etc.; portable amateur's green- house, 10 feet by 20 feet; suitable for amateur general plant house, with boiler room, and potting bench attached; ama- teur's greenhouse construction, heating, ventilating, benching, etc.; potting house and ofHcc, 15- feet by 20 feet; hot water boiler with the latest improvements in grates, regulators and connections; hot water healing apparatus, for greenhouses, with imiiro\-ed valve and overflow regu- lators; iron frame work and regulator,; for plant tables and beds; iron frame con- struction for straight or curved roof of greenhouses and conservatories; ventila- tion and ventilating machinery for green- houses; glazing of greenhouses and mode of setting glass; improved methods of greenhouse flooring, tiling, etc.; work- manship, architectui'al and practical, con- 38 nected with greenhouse construction; de- tails of greenhouse construction, filling and interior decorating Avith i)lants, prac- tical illustrations in the cultivation of flowers and plants; heating and general registration, illustrative of greenhouse management; photographs showing in- terior"iind exterior views of greenhouses erected hj the Lord & Burnham Co.; water colored designs of conservatories. JIcGOWAN, JOHN. 50 plants canna, Nellie Borden. McJIAHON, FRANK. Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day : 500 cut roses in five varieties. MARC, GABRIEL, CO , WOODSIDE. Roses — SPEniiEN Pl.\nts of St.\kdard OR TuEE Roses. 10 La France, 10 General Jacqueminot, 15 Capt. Christy, 10 Paul Ncyron, 10 Madame La Charmes, 15 Camille Betnor- din, 15 Countess of Oxford, 15 Marechal ! uc'.cet, 10 Madame Gabriel Luizet, 10 Charles Margottin, 15 Ulrich Bnumer, 15 .Alagn-i Charta, 10 Duchess Cambaceras, 15 Alfred Cohimb, 10 Jean Leisband, 15 Baron Rothschild. MAY, JOHN C, NEW YORK CITY. Roses of American origin : 200 plants of new roses, Mrs. W. C. Whitney. MEISSNER, P. B., FLATBUSII. Paims. Perks, etc. 6 Kentia Belmoriana. 2 feet high, 4 La- tania borbonica, 6 Adiantum cuneatum, 6 Davallia platyphilla, C Gyuogrammachiy- sophalla, 6 Aspidium elTusum, 6 Davallia tennifolia stricta, 6 Onychium japonicum, G Adiantum pubesccns, 6 Blechnum frax- ineum, 6 Davallia fijensis, 6 Goniophle- bium subauriculutum, G Lygodium ja- jionicmn, 6 Gymnogramme schizophylla, 6 Nephrodium molle, 1 Dracana Alsace Lorraine. 3IILLER, HENRY, EAST NEW YORK. Cut flowers sent for JIauliattan day : 500 cut dahlia blooms; general display of autumn flowers. NASH, S. C. Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day : 500 cut roses in five varieties. NATIONAL AVATERPROOF FIBER COMPANY, NEAV YORK CITY. Plant bed cloth for the protection of tender plants. 298 K^EW YoKK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN" EXPOSITION. NEW YORK FLORIST CLUB. Collection op Herbaceous Plants AND Annuals Arranged as an Old- fashioned Garden. Allium Neapolitimum, Althfea rosea Acre pleno, Anemone japonica, Anemone alba. Anemone Pennsylvanica, Autheri- cum liliago, Aquilega Canadensis, Aqui- lega chr}'sant.ea, Aquilega ca^rulea, Aqui- lega vulgaris, Armeria Alpina, Armeria vulgaris. Aster Alpiuus, Aster Amcllus, Astilbe japonica, Aubrietia deltoidea, Aubrietia grseca, Campanula Carpathica, Cami^anula alba, Catananche ca»rulea, Centaurea Montana, Cerastium tormento- sum. Clematis integrifolia, Convallaria majalis. Coreopsis auriculata, Coreop.sis Lanceolata, Delphinium Chinensc, Del- phinium formosum, Dianthus harbatus flore pleno. Herbaceous Flowering Bulbous Or- najiental and annual flowering Plants. Dianthus hybridus mulei, Dianthus plumarius, Diel_vtra spectabilis. Digitalis purpurea, Funkia japonica, Funkia for- tunii. Geranium ibericum, Geum coca- neum, Helianthusagustifolius.Helianthus orgyalis, Hemerocallis flava, Ibers sem- pervirens, Iriskaempferi, Lathyrus latifo- lius, Mimulus cardinalis, Jlonarda didma, JVIyosotis alpestis, M3'0S0tis palustris grandiflora, Paeonia tennifolia flora pleno, Papaver bracteatum. Phlox subulata, Platycodo'-x grandiflorum. Primula auri- cula, Rudbeckia hirta, Saponaria offici- nalis flore pleno, Solidago rigida, Spirrea filhpendula flore pleno, Tradescantia rubra, Viola cormuta, Viola lutea, Bellis perenis, Bellis snowflake, Eulalia japonica variegata, Eulalia japonica zebrina, Eulalia gracillima univittata, Thymus vulgaris, Pansies, Polianthes tuberosa, Gladioli, Lilium auratum, Caunas, Roses, Mignonette, Phlox decussata, Stocks, Asters, Loniceras, Petunias, Fucbias, Ver- benas, Carnations, Marigolds, Dahlias, Nasturtiums, Zinnias. Horticultural literature, including bound volumes and current issues of the following: The Florist Exchange, The American Florist, Garden & Forest, Rural New Yorker, American Garden, National Nurseryman, May Flower, Gardening. NEW YORK ST ATlf (COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT). Palms, etc. 6 Lat.ania Borhonica, 3 to 8 feet high; 6 Kentia Belmorinana, 3 to 6 feet high ; 3 Chamaerops excelsa, 4 feet high; 6 Areca lutescens, 4 to 6 feet high ; 12 Pan- danus veitchii, 3 feet high; 12 Pandanus I Utilis, 8 feet high; 2 Araucaria excelsa, 3 I feet high; 6 Maranta massangeana, 3 feet I Maranta pulchella, 25 Begonia manicata aurea, 35 Begonia smageridina, 25 Begonia metallica, 25 Begonia rubra, 6 A'locasia cucuUata, 200 Panicum variegatum, 25 Ohpropogon jahuran variegatus, 25 Coco- loba platj'cakla, 100 Pillea muscosa, 12 Aspidestra lurida, 25 Grevillia robusta, 12 Aspidestia lurida 'S'ariegata, 250 Cobea scandeus, 50 Ampelopsis veitchii, 50 Amelopsis quinquefolia, 500 Tradescantia virides vitlata, 200 Tradescantia zebrina multicolor, 200 Tradescantia vulgaris, 200 Tradescantia discolor, 100 Abutiibn mega- l^otamiaun variegata, 100 Senecio mika- noides; 100 Vinca major variegata, 25 Lonicera brachypoda aureo reticulata, 100 Ficus stipulata minima, 350 Hedera helix Hibernica, 100 Maurandj'a barclay- ana, 50 Ficus stipulata, 100 Mimosa pros- trata. Bracaenas. One plant of each of the following varieties : Rubra, Lindenii, Amabilis, Cooperii, Termiualis, Austratis lineata, Stricta grandis, Berkleyii, Youngii, Fragrans, Lindenii Aurea, Baptisti. Ferns. 8424 plants of the following varieties : 100 Adiantum cuueatum, 50 xidiantum decorum, 35 Davallia buUata, 35 Nephro- lepis tuberosa, 100 Pteris umbrosa, 25 Asplenium biforme, 12 Adiantum macroph3'llum, 50 Pteris argyrea, 50 Davallia platyphila, 100 Gynogramma chrysophylla, 100 Aspidium effusum, 35 Microlepia hirta cristata, 100 Davallia tennifolia stricta, 100 Pteris nobilis, 500 Pteris serulata cristata densa, 50 Poly- stichum angulare prolifera, 25 Ouj'chium japonicum, 100 Pteris tremula, 13 Adian- tum pubescens, 500 Pteris hastata, 6 Dick- sonia Antarctica, 12Blechnum fraxineum, 3 Davallia fijeusis, 1 Goniophlebium sub- auriculutum, 13 Nephrolepis davalloides furcans, 50 Lygodium japonicum, 200 Pteris cretica aibo lineata,' 13 Polystichum proliferum, 10 Nephrolepis furcans, 100 Pteris serulata Cistata, 10 Gymnogramme schizoph3'lla, 10 Nephrodium molle, 500 Selaginella denticulata, 100 Selaginella lageriana, 200 Selaginella denticulata aurea, 100 Selaginella serpens, 25 Sela- ginella Caesia arborea, 25 Selaginella Martenses variegata. Bay Trees. 4 Lauris nobilis, 30 feet high, oldest and finest specimens in existence; 8 Lauris nobilis, 6 to 10 feet high. Rex Begonias. One plant of each of the following varieties : Flora Hill, Siebold, Sunder- o z a -J CO _J < ai ZD H -J y H o o Q Report on the Floeicultuee Exhibit. 299 bructini, Whittier, Kancy Hanks. Elsie CoU'S, Madame Montel, Mrs. Shepard, Ruth Freedley, Yiile de Neuilly, Fer- dinand de Lesseps. President Carnot. Elejraut. Aniie Pynaert, Mrs. E. W. Scripps. Roi Ferdinaudo Major, Minnie Palmer, Alice White, Bertha McGregor, Diadem, iirs E. Bonner. Abbie Menden- hall. Souvenir de Gaulam. La Peyrouse, Louise Closson, William Robinson, John Hopper. Little Lucy, Seeptrum, Quadri- color. Silver Threads, Walter Long, Rich- mond Beauty, Monge. Roses. 1015 plants of the following varieties: 50 Perle des Jardins. 50 Waban, 50 Com- tesse de la Barthe. 50 Devoniensis. 50 Etoile de Lyon. 50 Sombreuil, 50 Meteor, 50 La France, 50 Antoine Yerdier, 50 Sou- venir de la !Malmaison. 50 Madame Lom- bard. 50 Louis Philippe, 50 Hermosa. 10 Madame Ph. Kuntez, 10 Souvenir F. Pau- leire, 10 Madame JIarthe du Bourg, 10 Grace Darling, 10 Camelia Raust, 10 A. Sisley, 10 General Tartas, 10 Madame Bosanquet, 10 The Bride. 10 Louis Rich- ard, 10 ^Madame Sisley. 10 Madame Caro- line Kuster. 10 Madame Blanchet. 10 Catherine Mermet, 10 Clothilde Soupert, 20 Papa Gountier, 10 Isabella Sprunt, 25 M;ulame Cusin, 25 Madame Welch, 25 Madame F. Schwartez, 25 Duchess of Ed- inburgh, 10 Jeanne Guillamerz. 10 Mar- quis de Yivien, 10 Marie Yon Houtte. 10 Souvenir de Dr. Passot, 10 Marie Guillot, 10 JIadame Rivers, 15 Gerard Desbois, 10 Madame de Watteville. Class 156. — Climbikg Plants. Philodendron pertusem, Cobea Scan- dens, Ampelopsisquinquefolia, Ampelop- sis Yeitchii, Bignonia grandiflora, Trades- cantia Yirides Yittata. Tradescantia Ze- brina JIulticolor. Tradescantia Yulgaris, Tradescantia discolor, Jlyrsiphyllum As- paraguides, Abutilon ilegapotamicum Yariegata, Senecio Jlikanoides, Yinca JIajor Yariegata, Yinca caerulea Minor, Yinca elegantissima alba, Lonicera bra- chypoda aureo reticulata, Maurandya Barclayana. Clerodendrou Balfouri, Ficus Stipulata, Ficus StipulataJlininia. Hedera helix Hibernica. Akebia Quinata, Aristo- lochia Sipho, iliniosa prostrata, Ipomoea ficifolia, Ipomoea Lindleyana, Ipomoea ilexicana vera, Lygodium scandens, iles- embryantlmm cordifolium variegata. Tropaeolum Lobbianum. Authericum Californicum variegatiem. Asparagus pUimosus, Asparagus tenuissimus. Bego- nia glancophylla scandens. Class 162. — Cacte-^:. Euphorbia Splendens, Agave Ameri- cana, Agave Americana variegata, Eche- veria agavoides, Echeveria secunda, Eche- veria secunda glanca. Agave stricta. San- seviera Zealanica, Sempervivum intus lu- tcns, Yucca aloifolia. Yucca aloifolia variegata. Yucca filamentosa, Cereus Fla- gelliformis, Cereus Grandiflorus, Cereus Jamacaru, Philocereus senilis, Opuntia Mickodasys, Echinocerens Multiplex. Echinocactus cylindraceus, Mesembry an- thenum cordifoUa -flia variegata, Kleina Repens, Kleina suspensa. Gloxenias. 200 plants Gloxinia Speciosa Hybrids. TuBEKOus Begonias. Superb strain of tuberous Begonias, consisting of 500 plants of choice varieties. NEW YORK STATE MUSEUM. Edible and Poisonous Fungi of the State op New York. For report and catalogue, see pages SOS- SOS. NILSSON, WILLIAM, WOODLAWN. Bedding Plants. 13 novel floral beds specially designed for the occasion, bedding plants in novel designs, 500 Echeveria secunda, 10,000 Echeveria secunda glauca. 250 Echeveria agavoides, 500 Echeveria me- talica, 100 Agave Americana, 150 Agave Americana variegata, 250 Sempervivum intus lutens, 15,000 Alternanthera paryon- choides major, 5,000 Alternanthera versi- color, 10,000 Alternanthera aurea nana, 5,000 Alternanthera amoena. OASIS NURSERY COMPANY, WEST- BURY STATION, L. I. Tuberous rooted Begonias, consisting of 250 plants of Griffin's superb strain in choice colors. Cut Flowers. 5,000 tuberous rooted Begonia blooms, in variety. PARSONS & SONS CO., FLUSHING. Ornamental Trees. One specimen of each cf the following varieties: Magnolia Stellata, Magnolia hypolenca. Magnolia parviflora, Coi-uus aurea variegata Spathii. Cornus sanguinea elegantissima, Cornus Florida (lore rubra, Cerasus japonica rosea pendula, Cersis japonica. Ptelea trifiiliata aurea, Sam- bucus Nigra aurea, Prunus pissardi. Sty- rax japonica. Styra.x Americana, Catalpa syringaefolia aurea, Catalpa purpurea, Andumeda arborea, Aesculus liippocas tranum memmiugerii, Fagus sylvaticii 300 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. atropurpurea. Clethia barbinervis, Enony- mus elatus, Liriodcudron tulipifci-.-i varie- gata, Bcuthamica japouiea, A'iburmim dolatatum. Viburnum japoiiicum Sie- boldii, Viburuum iapouicum Sieboldii variegatura. Spiraea Tliunbergii, Quercus pubescens cucullata, Quercus pubesceus Concordia, Quercus cerris dentatateum, Quercus robusta Kig'ricans. Maples. One specimen of each of the following varieties: Acer Polymorphus Dissectum Atropurpureum. Acer Polymorphus San- fuineum, Acer Polymorphus cristatum, .ccr Polymorphus Dissectum tictum, Acer Dissectiun rose petus. Acer Poly- morphus reticulatum. Acer Polymorphus roseum, Acer Polymorplius sanguiueum crispeum, Acer Polymorpluis Kigricans, Acer dasycarpum, Acer hctcropliyllum laciuiatum, Acer japonieum hcteropbyl- lum. Acer trijiartitum. Acer idatanoides Schwedlerii, \cvi' palniatum, Acer pal- matum pendida, Acer truucatum, Acer digitatiim foils aureo marginatis, Acer cuculhitum, Acer Monspessulauum, Acer rubrum. Ornamental Shrubs. One specimen of each of the following varieties : Juniperus japonica aurea, .Tuniperus Sabina vera. Rctiuispora Squar- rosa, Retinispora fill f era, Ketinispora ob- tusa nana, Retinispora tilifera aurea, Re- tinispora plumosa aurea, Ri'tinispora plumosa. Thuya occidentalis Brinkerhoff, Thuya occidcntalis alba. Thuya occidcii- talis couica dcnsa, Thuya occidcntalis Vuvaeneana, Thuya oceideutalis com- pacta. Thuya occidcntalis recurva. Thuya oceidentalis aurea maculata, Thuya ocei- deutalis pumila, Thuya oceideutalis aurea. Thuya oceideutalis Hucyii, The Gem, Biota orientalis elegantissima, Tsnga Canadensis Sargeutii pendula, Tsnga Canadensis Macrojihylla, Tsuga repanda glaucas, Tsuga Canadensis abrovireus, Picea omorika, Picea orientalis, Picea Remontii, Picea Engelmannii, Picea ex- celsa Jlaxwelliaua nana, Picea excelsa Finedonesis, Picea excelsa Gregoriana, Picea alba aurea, Picea Alcockiana nova, Picea excelsa pundula, Picea excelsa con- ica. Picea excelsa pyramidata, Picea ex- celsa diffusa, Picea excelsa elata, Picea Nigra pumila, Pie(5i puugens glauca, Pinus Sylvestus aure;i, Pinus compacta pumila, Pinus parvitlora, Pinus cembra Helvetica, Pinus Pence, Pinus compacta vuvea, Pinus !Monticola, Pinus Mughus pumila, Fagus Sylvatica laciniata, Abies excelsa aur^a, Abies Yeitchii, Abies No- bilis glauca, Abies Nordmanuianas, Abie Pichta. Az.u.E.vs — Display op Hardy Azale.\s. Two specimens of each of the following varieties : Asa Gray, Kissena, Distinc- tion, Lutes graudillora. Flushing Queeu, Richardii, Roc des Beiges, Arborea, Pnni- cea, Flammeola, Versicolor, Professor Kirtland, Cordon, Gloria JInndi, Prince of Orange, Belle Janette, Bouquette de Flore, Formosa, Cruenta, Obtima, Ade- laide, Rosea rotundifolia, Wm, C, Brj'ant, Grandeur triumphant. Rhododendrons. Display of Rhododendrons in choice va- rieties, two specimens of each: General Grant, Everestiauium, Roseiun Elegans, Roseum Leteum, Album Granditlorum, Grandiflorum Parsons, Delicatissimum, Flushing, Purpureum Crispnm, Perspi- cuni, Abraham Lincoln, II. H. Hunne- wcll, Bicolor, Senator Sunmer, General Sherman, Herbert Parsons. PICKLEMAN, S., BUFFALO. 1 Cycas Revoluta, 3 Yucca Aloe folia Varie'gata. 1 Lauris Isobilis, 1 !Musa Ea- sete, 14 Cyclamen Persicum, 6 Ohpiopo- gin Juburan Variegata. PIERSON, F. R..&CO.,TARRYTOWN- ON-THE-HUDSON. Cannas. 4,100 plants of the following varieties: io Admiral Gervais, 50 Count Horace de Choiscul, 23 JIauriee !Musy, 50 Paul Bru- ant, 100 Secretarv Stewart, 50 Senateur :Montefiore, 50 Explorateur Crambel, 100 J. D. C«bos, 50 President Carnot, 300 Charles Henderson, 300 Miss Sarah Hill, 000 Alplionse Bouvier, TOO Paul Mar- quant, 300Capt. P. De Suzzoni, 100 Fran- cois Crozy, 1,100 ^ladamo Crozy. Roses. Cut roses consisting of 500 loni ' Meteor" Rose. stem PITCHER & MANDA. Flowers sent for Manhattan day : 500 Chrysanthemum blooms in 20 varieties, sing'le and double Dahlia blooms, 500 sprays of Hilianthuses. PRATT, JURS. CHARLES L., BROOKLYN. Ounament.vl Foliage Pl.vnts, etc. 1 Cyperus alternifolius, 1 Jlusa Caven- disliii, 1 Jlaranta veitchii, 1 Croton vcitchii, 1 Croton Mooreiana, 1 Dracaena fragrans, 1 Pandanus veitchii, 1 Curcidigo recurvata, 10 Tradescantia virides vittat'ii, 10 Tradescantia zebiina multicolor, 10 Repoet ox the Floeicultuee Exhibit. 301 Tradescantia vulgaris, 10 Tradescantia discolor, 10 Abutilon megapotamicum variegata, 10 Senecio nilkauoides, 10 Vinca major variugata, 10 ilaurand_ya Bari'layaua, 10 Ficus stipulata, 10 Ficus stipuhita minima. PROSPECT PARK, BROOKLYN. Ol«A.\IEXTAL FOLIAOE PLANTS, ETC. 3 Euphorbia splendens, 5 feet in diam- eter; 1 Latania Borbonica, 8 feet high; 1 Paudanus Utilis, 4 feet high; 3 Seaforthia clegaus, 13 feet high; 3 Araucaria excelsa, 8 feet high; 1 Carj-ota ureas, 13 feet high; 1 Areca lutescens, 8 feet high. REBSTOC'K, J. II., BUFFALO. . 4 Diaciienn Indivisia, 3 Dracaena Ferrea. 3 Adinntum Cuneatum, 3 BlechnumFlax- incum, 4 Pteris Argj-rea, 3 Gloxinia Grandiflora, 3 Rex Begonias, 3 Fanc.r Calailiums, 3 Cj'perus Alternefolius, 3 Begonia Rubra. REED ifc KELLER, NEW YORK CITY. Exhibit of florist wire : Designs, con- sisting of 300 new and novel designs in wire-work, as used by florists. ROBERTS, D. H., NEW YORK CITY. Natural gas made glass, as used for rose houses, conservatories, etc. ; and all kinds of horticultural architecture. ROEHRS, JULIUS. Pa I.MS. Four specimen Latania Borbonica, each 8 feet spread. Cut Flowehs. Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day: 500 Carnations in 6 varieties; .500 Cut Roses in .5 varieties; .500 Chrysanthemutn blooms in 10 varieties. ROEHRS, TnEODORE, NEW Y'ORK CITY. Cut Flowers. Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day: oOO cut Roses in 3 varieties; 500 Carna- tions in varieties; 500 Chrysanthemums in 10 varieties. ROESCn, LEWIS, FREDONIA. Ornamental trees and general nursery stock. 8ATTF0RD, W. G., POUGHKEEPSIE. Two specimens dracaena liudenii. SCHMUTZ, LOUIS, L. I. 6 Pandanus Utilis, 3 Paudanus Veitchii, 6 Dracaena indivisa, Grevillia rt>busta, 13 Pillea muscosa, 6 Adiautum cuneatum, 35 Pteris cristata, 13 Lycopodium densum, 13 Lycopodium denticulata aurea, 13 Iledera helix Ilibernica. SCHOLES, FREDERICK, BROOKLYN. Collection of OucniDs. 3 Cattleya Gigas, 1 Cattleya Dor- maniana, 5 Cattleya Percivaliana, 5 Cat- tleya Mendelii, 3 Cattleya Bowringiana, 3 Cattleya Intermedia, 8 Cattleya Speciosissima, 7 Cattleya Trianae. 1 Cattleya Schroederae, l' Cattleya Schil- leriana, 3 Cattleya Skinnerii, 1 Cattleya luteola, 3 Cattleya imperialis, 1 Cattleya iVmethystina, 1 Cattleya Guttata, 4 Onci- ditim Papilio, 1 Oncidium Cavendishii, 4 Oncidium Spliacclatum, 1 Oncidium Lanceanum, 1 Oncidium i\Ionophyllum, 1 Oncidium trulliferum, 1 Oncidium Sprucei, 3 Laelia Purpurata, 3 Laelia Perrinii, 1 Laelia Pedunc-alaris, 1 Laelia Autumnalis, 3 Laelia Anceps, 1 Laelia Annabarina, 1 Laelia Xanthina, 1 Den- drobrum Pierardii, 1 Dendrobrum thj-si- florum, 1 Dendrobrum nobilis. 1 Epiden- drum falcatum, 1 Epideudrum car- pltanum, 1 Epidendrum species, 1 Epideu- drum fragrans, 3 Epidendrum nemorale, 1 Epidendrum raniferum, 1 Miltonia Stellata, 1 Miltonia Clowesii, 1 Jliltonia spectabilis, 3 Brassavola Nodosa, 3 Brassavola glauca, 3 Schombrugkia crispa, 1 Schombrugkia tibicinis, 7 Stan- hopea grandiflora, 6 Stanhopea tigrina, 1 Angraecuni Leonis, 1 Brassia Verucosa, 1 Coelogyne pandurata, 1 Lycaste Skin- nerii, 3 Trichopilia sauvis. Crotons. 8 Croton Aucubaefolium, 3 feet high ; 1 Croton Andreanum, 3 feet high ; 1 Croton Disraeli, 3 feet high; 30 Croton Interruptum, 3 feet high;' 30 Croton Nobilis, 1 1-3 feet high;"l3 Croton Pic- tum, 3 feet higli ; 9 Croton Queen Vic- toiia, 1 1-3 feet high ; 7 Croton Augusti- folium, 1 1-3 feet high ; 6 Croton Berg- manni, 1 1-3 feet high ; 7 Croton Chelsoni, 10 inches high ; 7 Croton Volutum, 1 foot high ; 3 Croton Undulatum, 1 foot high. Palms, etc. 3 Corypha Australis, 4 feet high ; 3 Corypha Australis, 3 feet high ; 3 Areca lutescens, 5 feet high ; 4 Sanseviera zealanica, 9 Kentia Belmoriana, 3 feet high ; 1 Latania Borbonica, 3 feet high ; 1 Latania Borbonica, 1 1-3 feet high; 1 Cycas revoluta, 3 feet high ; 1 Eucharis Amazonica, 3 lectin diameter; 3 Ananassa 302 New Yoek at the AVoeld's Columbian Exposition. Porteana folia variegata, 1 1-3 feet high : 1 Dracaena Baptisti, 1 1-2 feet high ; 1 Bilbergia Zebrina, 1 Tradescantia tri- color, 3 Paodanus Veitchii, 3 feet high ; 4 Paudanus Veitchii, 1 foot high ; 4 Aspi- distra Lurida, 1 Platycerium alcicorne. SCHWEINFURTH, F. V. Cut flowers, collection of cut Chrysan- themums, collection of cut Ferns. SCOLLAY, JOHN A., BROOKLYN. Flobists' Spkinkleks. Improved Putty Bulk for glazing sash, etc., Patent Plant Sprinkler, Cut Flower Sprinklers in several sizes. SCOTT, WILLIAM, BUFFALO. 1 hanging basket of Begonias, 13 plants Tuberoses, 13 plants Tuberous Begonias (Laing's strain), 13 plants Gloxinia Crassi- folio Erecta graudiflora, 13 plants Lilium Lancifolium rubrum, 12 plants Adiantum cuueatum. 6 plants Pteris Hastata, 6 plants Pillia Muscosa, 25 plants Cobea Scandens. SIEBRECHT & WADLEY, NEW YORK CITY. One si^ecimen Ovirandra fenestralis. SMALL, J. K., & SONS, NEW YORK CITY. Flower Besign. Model of United States Capitol, twenty- eight feet long and twelve feet wide, made of Cape flowers. The model is a perfect representation of the national building. THE STECHER LITHOGRAPH CO., ROCHESTER. Display of hand-painted flower and fruit plates for horticultural illustrations. STEFFENS, N., NEW YORK CITY. Novel and original wire designs as used by retail florists. STOPHER, WILLIAM, VASSAR COL- LEGE, POUGHKEEPSIE. Galvanized Wire Screw Plant Stakes in several sizes. STOTT GARDEN IMPLEMENT CO., NEW YORK CITY. Garden Appliances. Stott's Distributor, for automatically mixing insecticide; display of "Killm- right," a non-poisonous insecticide used in the prevention of mildew and other diseases peculiar to plant life; Stott's Patent Sprayer, for using insecticide on plants; Stott's Patent Syringe, an auto- matic insecticide mixer; Stott's Fir-tree Oil Soap, an insecticide for plants ; Stott's Common-Sense Lawn Sprinkler ; Stott's Hose; Stott's Compound Tobacco Soap ; Stott's Petroleum Soap ; Stott's Whale Oil find Quassia Soap ; Stott's Patent Pruners ; Standard Hose Mender. TAYLOR, JOHN H., BAYSIDB. Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day : 500 cut roses in five varieties. THORBURN, J. M., NEW YORK CITY. Pansies. 300 plants of each of the following va- rieties; Black Faust, Odier, Blotched, Trimardean, Bugnots superb mixed, Lord Beacoustield, Pure Yellow, White, Dark purple, Atropurpurea alba marginata, Snow Queen, Farm color, ]31ack blue. Extra large show, Quadricolor, Thorburn superb. Light blue, Violet margined. Striped, Emperor William, Bronze color. Azure blue. Mignonette. 100 Mignonette Miles Spiral, 100 Mig- nonette Golden Queen, 100 Mignonette Gabrielle, 100 Mignonette Crimson Queen, 100 Mignonette Machet, 100 Mignonette New Dwarf Red. Calceolarias. 50 Calcaelaria Hybrida Nana, 50 Cal- caelaria Hybrida Grandiflora. Cyclamen. 100 Cyclamen giganteum robustum, 100 Cyclamen giganteum sui}erbum, 100 C'yclamen giganteum atropurpureum, 100 Cyclamen giganteum album Mt. Blanc, 100 Cyclamen giganteum robustum Hy- bridum, 100 Cyclamen giganteum Roseum. Cinerarias. 50 Cinerarias hybrida mixed. Primulas. 50 Primula Sinensis flmbriata, 50 Pri- mula Sinensis flmbriata globosa, 50 Pri- mula Sinensis flmbriata filicifolia in variety. Miscellaneous Plants Used as Vines BY THE World's Fair Floricdltural Department, ln the Construction OF THE Mound in the Center op the Horticultural Dome. 25 Utirica nivea, 35 Chila squash, 50 Tom's pumpkin, 50 Apple egg gourd, 25 < < Report on the Floeioultuee Exhibit. 303 Apple dipper gourd, 25 Bgg-sbaped gourd, 25 Flat striped gourd, 25 Hercules club gourd, 25 Ouion-sliapcd gourd, 25 Pear-shaped gourd, 25 Powder horu gourd, 25 Jliuiature bottle gourd. 25 Sugar trough gourd, 12 Cucuniis aculan- gulus gourd, 12 t'ucvniiis pereuuis, 12 Cuciuiiis odoratissimus, 12 Cucumis Flexi- osus, 12 Cacurbita Lagcrenaria, 25 C'u- curbita aurautia, 25 Cucurbita melopepo, 25 Cucumis erinaceus, 25 Cucumis glos- sulariae t'olius, 25 Cylauitliera cxplodens, 25 Eopepou Vitifolius. 25 Echiuocystis, 100 Cineraria JIaricteum, 25 Tuber Doli- chos batatas. TRICKER, WILLIAM. DONGAN HILLS. Aquatics. 238 plants of the following varieties: 4 Nymphiva Jlexicaua, 6 Nymphtca Lotus, 2 Nyraphwa Gracilis, 4 Nym- phiva odorata, 4 Nympha?a odorata minor, 6 Nymphtva odorata gigantea, 8 Nymphani odorat:i Caroliniana, 6 Nym- plia^a odorata sulphurca, 4 N}'mplui?a odorata rosea, 4 N3'mpli;iea Marliacea albida, 4 Nymph;va Marliacea carnea, 8 Nympha?a Marliacea chromatella, 6 Nympha^a Marliacea rosea, 4 Nympha?a Pygmea alba, 4 N.ympha>a Pygmea Hel- vi'ola. 4 Nymphoea alba, 8 Nyraphrea alba candidissima, 4 Nymphoea Candida, 6 Nympha'a Laj-dekeri rosea, 4 Nymphaja Devoniensis, 4 Nymphsea Devoniensis superba, 8 Nymphsea Dentata, 8 Nym- pha-a Sturtevantii, 4 Nymphsa Rubra, 4 Nympha^aCoerulea, 4Nympha;a Gigantea, 8 Nympha?a Zanzibarensis, 4 Nympluea Zanzibarensis rosea, 4 Nymphtca Zanzi- barensis azurea, 4 Nympha;a Sartifolia, 4 Nymphiija Elegans, 1 Nymphaja Deaniana (New), 1 Nyruphiea Smithiaua (New), 1 Nymphaja l)elicatissima (New), 1 Nym- pha?a Columbiana (New), 4 Nelumbium Speciosum, 4 Nelumbium Karmesinum, 4 Nelumbium Koseum, 4 Nelumbium Album striatum, 1 Victoria Randi, 1 Vic- toria Regia, 2 Euryale Ferox. 2 Sagittaria Montevidicnsis, 6 LimnocharisIIulboldtii, 12 Cyperus Pap3'rus, 6 Cyperus Natalen- sis, 13 Cyperus Alternifolius, 4 Thalia dealbata, 6 Eichbornea Crassipes major, 6 Aponogeton distachyon. Cut ornamental grasses and decorative material sent for Manhattan day at the fair. WARD, C. W., EAST MORICHES. Cut flowers sent for Manhattan day: 2,000 carnation blooms in 25 varieties. WEATHERED, THOMAS AV., & SONS, NEW YORK CITY. Horticultural architecture, modes of construction, appliances, etc.; villa con- servatory, 32 feet by 18 feet ; construc- tion, decorating, heating, ventilating, benching, etc.; hot water boiler, hot water pipes and heating apparatus; villa conservatory, furnishing of plants and flowers, with practical illustrations of their cultivation. WEBB, MRS. H. W., NEAV YORK CITY. Hbkbarium. Dried specimen ferns and flowers con- sisting of many hundred specimens of plants and flowers, native of New York State. WEIR, JAMES, & SONS, BROOKLYN. Palms and Ornamental Foliage Plants. 12 specimens Latani Borbonica, 8 feet high, 12 feet spread; 12 specimens Pan- damus Utilis, 6 to 8 feet high; 1 specimen Chamaerops Fortunii, 8 feet high; 1 specimen Chamaerops Excelsa, 7 feet high. WHILLDIN POTTERY CO., LONG ISLAND CITY. Plant Pottery, etc. Fancy jardinieres; plant pots as used for commercial trade; ornamental plant pots as used for conservatory plants; earthenware seed pans; propagating pans; fern, moss and orchid pans. YOUNG, JOHN, NEW Y'ORK CITY. Improved cut flower boxes as used for shipping flowers to distant points; cut flowers; 500 cut carnation blooms in 12 varieties; 500 dahlia blooms in 20 varie- ties; 500 cut roses in 10 varieties; 250 specimens chrysanthemum blooms in 15 varieties. Tlie above display of cut flowers were sent for Manhattan day. ZELLAR, CHARLES, & SONS, FLAT- BUSH. Twelve specimen orange trees bearing fruit; citrus chinensis. ZIEGELE, ALBERT, BUFFALO One specimen Dion Edule. 304 !Nkw Yokk at the Woklu's (Columbian Exi'osition. INDIVIDUAL EXHIBITS IN IIOETICULTUKAL BUILDING. GEOUl' 20. Biirnos, Wm. n., Middlcliojie; staking anil training griipo vines. Kniw'soii, !S. M., & iSons.Wasliingtou- villo; wirii'S and liriuuly. Felt/.er, J. 1'., Uoclicstui'; grape and iiUk'V brandy. Ilanser, Christian, Rocliestor; 'wiues and clianipagues. Maxlicld. 1>. II., Naples; wines. Kiiiidall, F. N., liipley; nii-tliod stalciug and training vines. Ityeliniau, 6. E., Broeton; wines and brandy, Sniitli, E. Asliley, Li)el<])cirt; unl'er- mented wine. Wolf, Franz S., Bath; wines. OKOUP 21. Bninswirk, .M. it Co., Koehester; I'ruit plates and literature, Curtiee Bros. Co., Koehester; eanneil and preserved I'ruits, jellies, ete. Genesee Fruit Co., New York; evapo rated apples, eider. New York, State of; poniaeeons, small and eanneil fruits. Kipley Cider I'urilier Co.. Sherman; eider purilier and pulp washer. Steelier liilliogra])liic Co., Rochester; lithographed fruit plates. liROUl' 22. Allen, .1. K., New York ; eut llowers. Amman, Charles, New York ; foliage plants, Jk'bus & Patterson, New York ; eut llowers, Blondin, .lohn. Long Island City ; eut llowers, Denu'n.sy, Alfred, Flatbush ; eut carnations. Dinsmore, Wm., Staatsburgh ; palms and erolons. Ellei'ton, ,1., Auburn; (ilants. Forsternuxn, J., Newtun; orehids. Freeman, L,, Whili'sloiu'; palms. Ilart, .]as.. New Y'ork; cut roses and carnations. Hart. M. A., New Y'ork'; cut roses and carnations. Iteinman, .\.. New York; dried eape llowers. lIolTman A: Ihirl. New York; eut roses, ete. Howe. .Mrs. Fislier, Brooklyn; foliage plants. .lelfreys ifc Son, Bellmore; coleus. Lawrence, Geo,, Jjong Island City; eut carnations. Leaeh Bros., Long Island City; eut carn.ntions. Matthews, Geo., Great Neck; eut ear- nations. JMeisseberg, Augustus, Flatbush; eut ro.ses and carnations. Millang Bros., New York; eut roses and carnations. I'hillips. .jiio. ^'., Brooklyn; init roses and carnations. Uoelirs, Theo., New York; cut carna- tions and roses, Schultheis, Anton, College Point; cut roses and carnations. Sheridan, Wm. F., New York; eut roses and carn.ations. Siebrecht. L., Floral Park; cut carna- tions. Siebreclil. \\in. 11.. Long Island City; cut carnations, Siebrecht A; Wadley, New York; (U'chids and palms. Sliaulding, F. \.. Hiverdale; foliage plants. Vick, .las.. A: Sons, Koehester; pan- sies. Wii)perman, Herman. Hrooklyn; eut carnations. Yinuig Bros., New York; eut roses and carnations. UROl'f Curtiee Kros. Co., Roqjiester; canned vegetabh's, pickles, ketchup, etc. ;i{iiui> 26. New York Central Iron "Works, Geneva; greenhouse boiler. lloome, Slabb & Co., New Y'ork; port- able summer house. Rose, N. .Tonson. New Y'ork; designs of parks, gardens, etc. Repoet on the Botanical Exhibit. 3(J5 EEPOET 02T THE BOTAXICAL EXHIBIT OF THE STATE MUSEUM. By CHARLES H. PECK, State Bot.uxist. t> HOETICULTCKE GEOFP 23 EDIBLE FCNGI. "With the consent of the Hegents of the University, trustees of the State Museum, an exliibit of dried specimens of Xew York's species of fungi was made at the World's Columbian ExpositioiL The speci- mens were taken from and belong to the State herliarium. They were limited in nundjur, because of the short time given to tiieir preparation and liecause of the limited space alloted for their exhibi- tion. The space assigned was 160 square feet, on which four taltle cases with glass tops were placed. Each case was ten feet long and about four feet wide, the center being slightly elevated so that the top and bottom sloped from it in each direction toward the sides. It was thought that this mode of construction would lie most favorable to the inspection of the specimens. Specimens of fungi only were selected for exhibition because a satisfactory general exhibit of the specimens of the herbarium could not well be made in so small a space and l)ecause these would possess an interest and novelty that would be wanting in specimens belonging to other departments of botany. Besides, Xew York State has been a pioneer, so to speak, in the investigation of her mycolugical flora and her State herbarium is esj)ecially rich in )-uj)re- sentatives and types of these plants, and it, therefore, seemed fitting that she sliould show the world her advanced position in this direction as well as in others. Though these jilants often possess less popular attractions than others having greater size, brighter colors and more symmetry of form, yet they are scarcely inferior to any class of plants in economical interest and importance. The result Jias coniirmed the wisdom of their selection for exhibition, for while there were many exhibits ui hcrljarium specimens of flowering jilants and some of ferns and algae, there was no other general exhibit of specimens of fungi. The Department of Agriculture at Washington and the Agricultural Experiment Stations had exhibits of parasitic species injurious to cul- tivated plants, and the former had an exhibit of models of some ediljle and iiarniful mushrooms, as well as parasitic species, but Xew York's exliibit was much more comprehensive. Even this was limited to such species as have some economical character or importance, but all tlie great groups or divisions of fungi were represented. There were sixty-one species of edilde fungi, sixty -three species of wood-inhal)iting aud wood-injuring fungi, including a few examples of wood showing the effect of permeating and destructive mycelium, eighteen species of parasitic fungi injurious to cultivated and useful plants, the host plants plainly 'showing the effects of the jiresence of the fungus, and six species injurious to noxious weeds and animals, and, therefore, to be rei^arded as beneficial to man by aiding him in keeping his enemies in subjection. The total is 148 species. 39 306 New Yoek at the World's CoLtrMBiAN Exposition. These were re^jreseuted by an average of probably seven or eight specimens each, so tliat the whole exhibit consisted of about 1,000 specimens. With the exception of tlie representatives of tlie parasitic species, Avhich were mostly nioniited on ordinary herbarium sheets of paper, the specimens were exhibited in white ]iastel)oard trays, six inches long and four inches broad or some multiple of these. In this way there was a greater economy of space than would have been possi- ble if the specimens had been mounted. Each species M'as accompanied by a label, printed in clear, bold type, giving its botanical or Latin name, its corresponding common or English name, and the name of the county or counties whence tlie specimens came. In many cases the variability of the species was such as to require a series of specimens to illustrate the dilferent forms and varieties. Along the center of the cases, at moderate intervals, larger labels v.'eve placed indicating the economic character of the specimens in their respective inter\'als. On the top of the cases, at suitable distances from each other, four porce- lain tablets were set uji, inscribed " Fungi of the State of New York," etc. That tills exhibition of fungi was especially useful, as an educator of the people, admits of no (piestion. The character of the remarks made by visitors concerning it and the numerous questions asked by them concerning its nature and character, indicated very cleai-ly that there was much need of, and desire for, a greater knowledge of these things among the people. The specimens were on exhibition from May first to October thirtieth. Tliey liave been returned to the State herbarium in good condition, with two or three exceptions. The danqiness of the iitmosjihere in the Horticultural Building was such as to cause all the specimens of one species and a j)art of tliose of two others to become affected with mold. A list of the species of which specimens were on exhibition and of the varieties and forms follows. Catalogue of Species and Varieties of New Yoek Fungi Exhibited. Edible Fungi. Amanita eresai'e!i, Srop. Amanita rubcscons, Fr. Amanitn nilii'sccns, Avartless forni. Amauilojisis vaji'inata, (Bull.). Amauitopsis vaginata, Vav. I'ulva, (t^rluTff). Amauitopsis vaginata, Var. li\-iila. (P,TS.). Amauitopsis vagiuata, Var. uivalis, (Oi-cr.). Lepiota prooora, Sroj). Lepiota naiiciiuiiilos. Peck. Avmillavia iiu'lloa, ]'ilfil. Armillaria. mcllca, clustorod form. Armillaria mclli'a, Var. bulbosa, IWk. Armillaria mclloa, Var. albida, Perk. Armillaria melloa, Var. glabra, Gill. Tricboloiua traiismutans, Prc/c. Tricholoma imbricatuiu, Fr. Tricboloma persouatum, Fr. C'litocybe ncbiilaris, Batscli. Clitocybi: iiu'dia. Peck. Clitocybu inl'uiidibuliformis, Scliacff. Clitocyln.' cyntbil'ormis, Fr. Clitofybo larcata, Scoji. Clitoc3'be laccata, Var. amitln-stina, (Bolt.) C'litocybe laccata, Var. pallidifolia, (Peck). ' C'litocybe laccata, Var. striatula, (Peck). Plcurotus ulmarius, Bull. Pleiirotus ostrcatus (Jncij.), Fr. Plcurotus sa|)idus, Kulclih. Ilygroplionis virgiucus, Fr. Ilyg'ropborus pratcnsis, Fr. Ilygrophorus miniatus, Fr. Lactarius deliciosus, Fr. Lactarius volemus, Fr. Lactarius subdulcis, Fr. Russula vircsceiis, Fr. Cantbarellus cibarius, F^: 1- O Repoet on the Botanical Exhibit. 3U7 Marasmius oreades, Fr. Cortiuarius cdlliiiitus, Ft: Cortiuiu'ius vioUifLHis, Fr. Cortiuiu'ius anuillatus, Fi: Cortimirius cinnamomeus, Fi: Cortinarius ciunamomeus, Var. semi- sanguineus, Fr. Paxjlhis involutus, Fr. Agaricus arveusis, iSr/ucff. Agaiicus silvicola, V'itt. Agaricus cainpester, L. Agai'icus placomj'ces, Peck. Copriuus comatus, Fr. Copriinis atraiueutarius, Fr. Coprinua atramcutarius.Var. silvestris, Peck. . Copriuus micaceus, Fr. Copriniis micaceus, Var. couicus, Peck. Boletus scabur, Fr. Boletus scaber, Var. niveus, Fr Boletus subluteus, Peck. Boletus subtomentosus, L. Boletus alliiiis. Pick. Boletus castaneus, Bull. Polyporus sulphurcus, Fr. Hydnum repandum, L. Hydinnn rul'eseeiis, Pers. Hyduvun conilloides, Scop. Fistuliua hepatica, Fr. Craterellus coruucopioides, Pers. Clavaria botrytes, Pers. Clavaria flava, Scltn-ff. Clavaria cristata, Pers. Lyeoperdon cyathiforme, Bosc. MorcUella esculeiita, Fr. Morchella conica, Pers. Morchella augusticeps, Peck. Moreliella deliciosa, Fr. Morchella stauilibera, D. C. Gj'romitra csculenta, Fr. ' Helvella crispa, Fr. JMilrula vitellina, ISdcc. Mitrula vitellina, Var. irregularis, Peck. Fungi Gkgwing on and Injuhious to Wood. Panus .stipticus (Bull.) Fr. Panus operculatus, B. & 0. Leuzites betulina, Fr. Leuzites vialis, Peck. Lenzites sepiaria, Fr. Lenziles sepiaria.Var. porosa, Fr. Schizophylluni couimuue, Fr. Polyporus elegans, Fr. Polyporus osseus, Kalchh. Polyporus cliioncus, Fr. Polyporus gultulatus, Peek. Polyporus inidosus, Peck. Polyporus crispellus, Peck. Polyporus fumosus, Fr. Polyporus adust ua, Fr. Polyporus adustus, Var. carpineus, (Sine). Polyporus Weiunianni, /''/-. Polyporus borealis, Fr. Polyporus pubcscens, Fr. Polyporus cuticularis, Fi: Polyporus iiitlulaiis, Fr. Polyporus gilviis, Sehw. Polyporus gloineratua, Peck. Polypoi'us resinosus, Fr. Polyporvis bctuliiius, FV. Polyporus volvatus, Peck. Polyporus hicidus, Fr. Polyporus pinicola, Fr. Polyporus applanatus, W'ltllr. Polyporus fomentarius, Fr. Polyporus fomeutarius, Var. zonatus, Peck. Polyporus igniarius, Fr. Polyporus nigricans, Fr. Polyporus conualus, Fr. Polyporus carueus, JVees. Polyporus carneus, Var. subzonatua. Peck. Polyporus concbatus, Fr. Polyporus pieeiuus. Peck. Polyporus birorniis, Klotz. Polyporus couchifer, Schw. Polyporus aureoiiitens. Put. Polyporus hirsutus, Fr. Polyporus hirsutus, V^ir. albiporus, Peck. Polyporus hirsutus, Var. migromargi- natus (Schw.). Polyporus zouatus, Fr. Polyporus versicolor, Fr. Polyporus versicolor, Vai\ furaosiporus. Peck. Polyjiorus iierganienus, Fi-. Polyporus pergainenus, Vnr. clougatus (Berk.). Polyporus perganienus, Var. pseudo- pergamemis (TIiiiiii.). Polyporus abietinus, Fr. Polyporus abietinus, Var. iriiiciforniis, Peck. Gkeoporus conchoides, Moul. Poria subacida. Peck. Trametes suaveolens, 7'V. Tranietes cinnabarina, (Jitcq.) Fr. Tratnetes Trogii, Berk. Trametes mollis, Fr. Trametes sepium, Berk. Da'dalea (picrcina, Pers. Da'dalea uuicolor, Fr. Da-dalea uuicolor, Var. fumosipora. Peck. Dicdalea confragosa, Pers. Da;dalea confragosa, Var. Cookei, Peck. Diedalea confragosa, Var. rubeseens, Peck. Da'dalea eonfi-agosa, Var. Klotzschii, Peck. Merulius tremellosus, Schrad. Merulius laerinuins. Fr. Iri)e.\ cinnamomous, Fr. Odontia lateritia. B. & C. Stereum sci'ieeuni, Schw. Stereum (■(niipjicatum, /''/•. Stereum complicatum, Var. laeerutum, Peck. 30S Nkw Ydkk at the Wokld's Coh'mihan Eximsitio Slonniiu bicolor, M'. Stcri'iiiii vcrsicoloi', Fr. (.'lilorospUMiium ivniijinosuiii, Ik N. Wood staini'il by Us Jlyct'lium. AVoini iH'niu'uti'cl by Mycelium. Bark ovi'mui by Jlyi-olium. Fungi Guowino on and In.iuuious ClIIi'riVATK.I> AND USKFUL Pi. ANTS. GUvosporium liiscniirium, iS. i\c K. Pliiwriuhliii morbosii, (Srhir.) Snce. i\IonibM rruclijiciui, /'ii:i. 10nlomos|Hiii\nn niai'iiliitiim, /.'. <(• Jh' '/'. Phyt.oi>hthora iiil'i'stiUis, ])<• fli/. Pci'oiiospora parasilica. '/'»/. Claiiosporiuiu I'ulvum, Ci'c. (VTcospora \]m. Fns. Ci'vcospora bclicola, .S/cc. Piu'i'iiiia Miilvaccanmi, }fo>,t. Ustila.^o Maydis, (V. Ustilan'o Trilici, Jiimeii. Ustila'ii'o lloi'dri, 7i'. if- A Ustilan'o Avfiiu'. ,/iiimii. Oalyi)tos]iora Oo'iipcrliaua, Kiiliii. Diincrosiioriiim Collinsii, 'J'/iiini. ]ly podt'i'iiui liiiearo, 2''K't'. Cystoinis candidus. J.c i\ PiK'i'inia sunvi'oU'iis, Jlantr. Uslilan'o Ccsatii, Wald. PiTonospora LinariiV, Fcki. IxHl'Arri'l'l.ATION. ICdiblc fungi 01 spocios. I'^unni injurious to wood. ... (j3 spocics. li^iu\j;i injurious to culti- va led and viscful jilants. . . 18 species. Funjji injurious to noxious weeds and animals 6 spceies. Total 148 REPORT OX THE LIVE STOCK EXHIBIT. By JAJIES wood, Mt. Kisco, Sitperintendent. Tlie State Board of Managers decided to aid exhibitors of live stock by defraying the cost of transportation to and from Chicago, and of the feed reqnired for tlie stock while at the exposition. Extended public notice was given of this, and much interest was aroused throughout the State. ^ In order that only such animals should be sent to the exposi- tion as would retlect credit upon the State, the director arranged for the inspection by competent judges of all animals offered whose quality was not already known to him. By this means no inferior animal was sent to Chicago. Manifestly the inspection of poultry was impracticable. It was much to be regretted that tlie horse show was arranged for the mouth of August. Tlie owners of the studs for which Xew York is famed, and breeders generally, objected to sending their valuable ani- mals so far to be kept on exhibition in the hottest time of the year. As a consequence, the exhibit of horses from this State was very small, and altogether inadequate to the great importance of this interest. The exhibits of cattle, sheep and swine were much more complete, and reflected credit upon the State. The large number and amounts of prizes awarded to our exhibits emphatically attest their quality. CATAL()(illK OK NKW YOIIK KAIIII'.ITS IN DKl'AKT- MKNT 0, LIVK STOCK. Ill\ ISIllN A. (!(i()](\V, A. II.. I'illlr llriliiiii; IhiIIm. oovvH, licilVrs. ( '(>1J;'H\V('I1, 1'. .1,, UlH'lu'Mlcr; luH'lTH. Diiviilsoii. (I. Ilnwin'd, Milllii'oiik; liiills, (H)\VH, lll'lI'l'l'M, ICiKi. li'nuik, riiii' riiiiiiN; I'nwM, llndsiiii, Mrs. S, 1'!.. AlrMiiiilriii; cows, Kriil, A. M.. .liniicslinvM; hulls, r!ivis, K, \V,, Oucidii; Chcshircs, li'rci'uiiiii iV Itullon, Colloii's; ( 'hcshii'i's, |i|\ ISKiN li'. ,\l\onl, l''i'!od\ (',, ( !lo\ i'i's\ illc; lii'ccd iuiV pens, liiu'ou, licwis A,. I''.hnii'.'i; cocUs. Iicus, cocUci'cls, puUcl.s, Hishop, (", W'., V'cron.'i; cocKci-cIs, pidlcls, ^■ Hryanl., I!, 1'',, .lohuson's CrccU; cocks, liens, eiickei'els, pullcls, ln'ccdiiin' pens, liciil.lcy, N,, ('oiic\viiii!,^'o; Imulnui cocks, liciis, cockerels, pullels, bieeiliuii; pens. Conicll, Kzm, il.liiicii; cocks, liciis, cockerels, pullcls, lii'ocdliiu; pens. lOin'le, (', 1'., (Jouvcrnciir; cocks, liens, cockerels, iiuUcts, lUUv'SIW. rill.sl'ord l''iirnis, I'lllsloi'd; horses, uiMres,slidlions. Heymdds i\l, l\, Uoclicslcr; horses, inures, sl.iillions, Shiirr.i, Uobcrl. M., Oswego; horsos. HhiirrM, ,1, It., Mexico; horsos. .SIIMICI-. I,ouj;'li, (leo,, Ibiil w iek; Chcviol.s. Msriin, I'el.cr, Kiisli; Merinos, Miiilin, (leo. It"., Hush; Merinos, rsn'c, (leo. ,\, mid 1!., 10,'isl, Hclhiiny; Merinos, Sniilh, 11, ('., Miiri'cllus; Mi'i'iiuis. V'sn Dresser Iti'os., Coblcsliill; Chcvidls. Wilbiu', I). l'\, OniMnilii; ('heviols. llurllnil., H, .1 , (lynier; Chcshircs. Kimpp liros.. li'iibius; Herkshircs, etc. Mclciiire Hros. . Mssl Mlnni; Hcrksliivos, elc. Seelcy, .liuni's, (Jenevs; l'',sse\. Spicc'r, VV, 1''.., lbir\;ird; Herkshire. — I'(ili|,'l'i;v. (Iiirrlson, li, it Co., Syniciise; coi'ks, hens, cocUci'els, pidlcl.s, breeding- pens. Oabriel, Miirlin, .Ir., MiilViilo; cocks, hens, cocUerels. pullcls. llelberl. it Hniycr, Hocliestcr; cocks, hens, cockerels, pidlcl.s. brccdin,!; pens. Howell, C, 10.. lOlniiin; coclis, bens, cockerels, |iidlels, lliiniincr.sclnnidl. ('., Soulli Hull'iilo; cocks, bens, cockerels, pullets, brrediii}; pens, llun,n-errord, Cliiis. S., New Yiu'k city; cocks, hens, cockin' '.W. Buel, J. T.. it Co., "Wliiteliiill ; artitteiul biiits and trolling spoons. Forest, and Stream Pnblishing Co., New York ; publications and illustrations of anu'ling. Harris, AVni. C., New York; iiaintings and publieatious of angling. Skinner, G. ^M., Clayton; trolling spoons. Spalding, A. G., & Bro., New York; fishing rods. \'on Hole, Julius, Brooklyn ; fishing reels. Wood's Sous, Keuben, Syracuse; ]ior- trait of Reuben Wood. Yawniau & Erbe, Rochester ; fishing reels. Ams. Max, New York ; smoked and cjinned fish, caviare, sturgeon oil and scrap. Kabrs. Frinian, New York ; dry fish glue. ■1> 4(t. Jlajor, A., New York ; fish cement. Meierdiercks, J. A., & Sons, New York ; salt and ju'escrved fish. WoltT A: Reessiug, New York ; canned sardines. UKOITI' 41. Loery. ISernhard. New York ; aquariiu;;. ' f ttf II.- -fc •;^f? 'J L3 EEPOirr ON THE SdENTlFK^ EXIIir»IT. DEPT. E.-MINES AND MINING. 15y FliKDKKlCK' .1. U. .M Kl!l!l 1,1.. I'll. 1),, Superintendent. At tlic roqnost of tlio Hoard of iMai miners of fhc. I']\liil)if, of tlio Stiite of New York at tliu World's ( 'oliunliiaii l'^x]iosition, it was voted hy tlie lluii;eiits of tlio University, September 21), 1S!I2, to place the scien- tific e.xliihit of New York State at the A\'^)l•ld's Fnii" in chai'j;'(\ of the New York State l\Inseuin, and the task of pi'eparing this exhibit was assigned fo the assistant dirt'ctor. In this exhibit the attainiiiciil of two objects M'as aimed at : i'"irst, to make as exhanstivo a disjilay as possible of the natui'al economic resources of the State, and, second, to show the collections di'rived by loan fi'om the State Museum, and those secured directly by purchase in llic iiicHkhI df ni'oupinj;- and arrann'c- ment employed by the best i'i|ui[)[)cd museums of this counti'y or Europe, and in the most 8uital)le exhibition cases. In short, it was desired to show the ])nlilic a museum modeled after the best in tliis country and Europe, iu which, by thc^ limitation of the (vise, the si)eci- mens M'ei'e all derived from New \'oi'k State, to show the economic resources of Xew York, and to instruct objectively all who visited tlio exhibil. The work of the State Museiuu is carried on undi'r six pi'incipal heads, ])aleontology, economic geolofjy and mineralogy, botany, zoology and entomology; the exhibit of the nuisenm would, therefore, natu- rally have been on these lines, and was so carried out wherever it was possible. In the minds (jf scientists of this country and of Europe^, the name of tin: Xew York State ^Inseum has for many years btn^n closely associated with that of I')r. .rames JIall, the State (Jeologist. In the pre|)aration of hi.s monumental works on the paleontology of New York, the nniseuni grew, and with its growth was that M'ork of pub- lication which for scientific accuracy, logical arrangement, careful and artistic illustration cannot be ei;ualled in the woi'ld. The well-known volmnes on paleontology which were exhibited, are in tlnMust^lves a lil.)rai'y of the subject, and the gri^at mimber of valuable |)!ates which they contain form a coinprelii'nsi\(^ (exhibit of tli(3 |)al(!ontological specimens in the State jMnseum. in addition was exhibited the ('oboes mastodon, a uniipie and almost jierfect s))ecimen. At the time the work was placeil in chai'ge of the assistant director of the museum, the State Botanist had ali'cady b(.^gim his woi-k. In the iu < o z z Kepokt on thk Mines and Mining Exhibit. 317 annual report of the State Geologist, wliicli gives approximately the hoinularies between the norite and the gneisses. In 1S02 Prof. J. F. Kemp, of ("olninliia College, undertook the study of Essex county under the auspices of the State Museum, and tlie results of his worlc are embodied in the economic map. While Prof. Kemp's observations have not been carried around the whole periphery of the plutonic mass, they go sufficiently far to show that it occupies but a small part of the Adirondack wilderness and can,be inclu.ded in., a circle v of about fifty miles diamiter with its center in the vicinity of Keene Valley. TTithin this phitonic area are the priiicipal peaks of the Adirondack mountain group. Tlie extension of this area into Franklin county as shown on tlie map is based on the observations of Ebenezer Emmons. The northwestern part of the metamorphic area is believed by Prof. James Hall to contain rocks of Huronian age. The study of this region is now in the hands of Prof. C. li. Smyth, Jr., of Hamilton College, and to him we look for tlie elucidation of this question. He classines under the name of Oswegatchie series a group of crystalline limestones and gneisses. The geolc'gy of the Adirondack I'egion as given in the map is based upon the original work of Ebenezer Emmons and Lardner Yanuxem with additions by C. E. Hall, J. F. Kemp and T. G. White in Essex county, and by F. J. H. Merrill in Warren and Hamilton counties. In St. Lawrence, Jefferson and Lewis counties Prof. Smyth has given information concernina('kot of tlii^ conit of tho boolc and tlio logoiid will i,'.\[)liiiu the various lints and syndioU iisod. Under the head of tho economic niinora.ls of New York may he enumerated iron, stone and slate for linildini;- and other pur])oses, clay for hrick, terra cotta, drain pijies, et(^, linu^ and ccnu'iit, salt, g'ypsnni for fertili>:er, pi^trokniin and natnral n'as, niinei-al paints, tale used in. the niainiraetui'o of ])ap(^i', yTaplnte for cmeihk's, pencils and otlier uses, l'clds|ia.r for pottery, garnet for sand ])aper, and the seeniini;'ly inexliaustihle suppliers of mineral water from the numerous wi^ll known spring's. In the following pages will he found lists of the specimens exhihited and refiu'i'iiccs lo the puhlieations -wliicli ma\' hc^ eonsidted for detailed information on the va.ri(His ma^terials. Some geniu'al fax^ts an; given in cases where nothing I'ecent has heen ])rinte(l. The materials are arranginl in the ordt'r of the otlicial classilicalion as follows: Group 42. — Systenaitic eolleetion M:k collection. An elT(U't was made lo liave as many species as possiljle fi'oni the Slate representetl. Tlie minerals were arranged in throe table eases, ten by liv(^ l'e(H,, a,ud one wall case, ten l)y seven feet. A s|)eeial case was s(!Ut out fi'oin the museum for tlu; exhibition of a. vcu'v kirge a-nd magnilicent spc^'imen of green fluorite from McOonib. In the taJile cases the s|icciin(^iis were ari'anged on black cardboard mounts, each with its priuteil kthel, giving name of species, variiity and locality. At the; head of each species was a large label giving its luune, chenncal conipcjsitiou and sys- tem of crystallizati(jn. The classili(!ation followed was that used in Dima's " Syst(nn of Mineralogy" for the siliciates, ami an econonn'c classification for the ores. The specimens in the wall ea.se were placed on adjustabk^ iron bi'ack(^ts, after tla^ manner of I lie. new natural IiIht 320 New York at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition tory museum in Vienna. Among tlie large specimens in this ease were the immense pyroxene crystals from Chilson Ilili, specimens of amphibole, hexagonite, calcite, dolomite, spinel, tourmaline, quartz, cel- estite, stil]momelane, mica, iron ores, etc. The following suites of mineral in the table cases deserve special mention : The twinned calcite crystals from Rossie, collected by Prof. E. Emmons. These crystals are exceedingly beautiful, and probably the best specimens ever collected from this locality belonging to the State Museum. No unmodified rhombohedra are found in the collection, and simple scaleiioliedra are not common. All the crystals are twimied, many being of the most complex form. The twins are usually parallel to the basal pinacoid. A peculiar feature of all the crystals is that the faces of the unit rhombohedron and the base are roughened, while the other faces are highly polished : The brown tourmaline crystals fromNewcomb, Essex county. Some of the finest dark brown tourmalines yet found have come from this locality, and occur in crystalline limestone. Many of the crystals are of very large size, and are remarkabl)- fi'osh in appearance. The gen- eral habit of the crystals is short and stout, and no new or even rare faces have been observed. The brown tourmalines from Gouverneur, and the beautiful black tourmalines from Pierrepont, also deserve special mention : The pyroxene ciTstals from Chilson Hill, Ticonderoga, the site of the old graphite mine of the American Graphite Company. These pyrox- enes are peculiar on account of their size, inclusions and external appearance. Two of the largest crystals ever found in the State, and said to be the largest ever found in the world, were exhibited in the wall case. The largest measures thirty -six inches in circumference, and eighteen inches in length. Both crystals have the prism planes perfectly develojjed, the basal planes lacking, and are badly decom- posed. Calcite, quartz and graphite appear connnouly as inclusions. From this locality must also be mentioned the quartz crystals, which have the appearance of being water-worn, or, as denominated by Emmons and others, " fused." A large suite of Manhattan Island minerals was also exhibited, including the rare species, mouazite, xenotime and dumortierite. The following minerals were also interesting on account of the num- ber and beauty of the specimens : Magnetite crystals from Mineville, spinels from Amity, quartz crystals from Herkimer county and other localities in the State, rutilesfrom the prison quan-y, Sing Sing, iluorites from McComb and harmotomes from Sini"- Sina:. o z Q O z Q Z < z IvKl'dlM' iIjN 'nil'; MiNlW AND MiNINd I'ImiIHI'I'. ;wi ('ATAl.ddriO <>:•' MiNIOIiAI.S IX Till' Alliito (Hi'cli ciillcclicHi); Micldli' (Iriiii- vill(\ A\'nshirin'l(iii idiinly. Alllili' (licik ccillcrUiil'll; CldWll I'liilll, ore hull. I'jsscx (■(iiiiily. Albitn-, jMoriiili, Essex couuty. Alliilu unci l)i)loiiiil;o; Prison qimiTj', Siiij; Sinn', Wcslcluislci' (•ouiity. Alliuiili; 1^1; * Ml. JOvc, Orange coiiiily. Aniiiliil)olc [2\; , St. Lawi'cnee coimly. Aiiipliiholc. Trcniolil.c^ ; Kilenville, Onuii;'!' ciiuiily. Anifiliibdlc, 'rreniolilc ; Slii.i; Sing. West.chcsl.cr coiinly. Anipliihiilo, 'ri'Piiiolile ; lircwsl.crs (Tilly I'^isliT iiiiiic), I'ulniiMi couMly. Ain|ilnl)i)lr'. 'rniiHilitc (liiick I'ullcclion) [^|; Oiiuvcnicui'. Si. LawroiicL! I'lnnily'. .\ni|iliiliiilc, TrciiHiliU! [4J ; Gouvcr- Mi'ur. SI. I>;i\vi'('ncc cmiiily'. Aiuiiliil)()U'. I'l'cmoliUi ill ('aleili' ; Siiij;' Sinn', \Vcslcli(.'sl,cr county. Ainiiliiliiilc. TroiiKilite (Heck (•(jIIcc- lioii); Ai!iil\-, Orange ecmiity. Am|iliilicile, Trcniolile (Ueek ecjllee- ticiii); King's JJriilge, ^Vl■sleln■^ter coiinly. .\iii]iliilic)le, Treniolito [2] ; Spuria, Wi'stclieslcr county. Amphibolc, ]le.\agonito |2|; Edwards, St. Jjawrciieo county. Anipliibole, Aetiiiolile (]5cwk cnllciction); Kent, I'lil nam county. Aiiipliiliole, Aelino'lil,e(Beck collection); Fislikill. Dutchess couiily. Aiiipliiliolc, A el i noli I (■'(Heck collection ); Sanford .Mine, Ksse.\ couiily. Ampliiliide, Aeliiiolite; New York city. Aniiiliibole, Asbestiis (Heck eolleelionj; Greenwooil Kurnaee, Orange couiily. Anijiliibole, .Xsbestus (Beck collection); Patterson (near Itogcrs farm), Putnam county. Aripliilicjle. Asbestiis (Heck collection); Qiiiiranline, Hielunond counly. Amphibolc, Asbestiis; I'awliiig, Duti'li- C88 county. Ampliibole, Asbostus [Ii|; Slaten Island. AniphiboVe, Mountain J,catber; I'nioii- ville. \\'est('h(«ler county. Ainphibole, Kdenili! |2|; JOdeiiville, Orange county. Ainiihibole, Kdciiite (lieek coUectiou); Edeiiville, Orange counly, Ain])liibole. Jvleliite (lieek collection); Warwick, Orangi^ <-ouiity. Amphibolc; Hornblende; lOasI Hussell, St. Jjawn'nci^ county. Amphibolc, Jlori'ibleiide [:ij; Picrrc- pont, St. Lawrence county. | Niow ^'(iitK Sdiio.x rii''i(i lke, St. Lawrence count}'. Fluorite (Beck collection) ; ^Maulius, Onondaga county. Fluorite ; Lowville, Lewis couuty. Finorite; Rossie (Victoria mine), St. Liwrence county. Fluorite; .St. Lawrence county. Fluorite ; Muscalonge Lake, Jefferson county. Galenite [2] ; Rossie, St. Lawrence county. Galenite and Sphalerite (Beck collec- tion) ; Flat Creek, Montgomery county. Galenite ; Mt. Hope (Empire vein). Galenite and Calcite (Beck collection) ; Rossie, St. Lawrence county. Galenite [3] (Beck collection) ; Rossie, St. Lawrence county. Galenite [2] (Beck collection) ; Wurts- boro, Sullivan county. Garnet (Beck collection) ; Yonkers, Westchester county. Garnet and Hornblende Amphibole [3]; Thurman, Warren county. Garnet (Beck collection) ; West Farms, Westchester county. Garnet (Beck collection) ; Dover (Stone Church), Dutchess county. Garnet and Epidote (Beck collection) ; , Essex county. Garnet ; Willsborough, Essex county. Garnet (Beck collection) ; Monroe, Orange county. Garnet (Beck collection); Rogers' Rock, Essex county. Garnet ; , St. Lawrence county. Garnet in Mica Schist ; , St. Lawrence county. Garnet, Colophonite ; Willsborough, Essex count}'. Garnet [i] ; New York city. Garnet ; North Creek, Warren county. Garnet on Orthoclase ; New York city. Garnet ; Thurman, Warren county. Gibbsite (Beck collection) ; Unionville, Dutchess county. Graphite ; Saratoga, Saratoga county. Graphite in Primar}' Limestone ; Port Henry, Essex county. Graphite (Beck collection); Port Henry, Essex county. Graphite; Johusburgh, Warren county. Graphite ; 3Ioriah, Essex county. Graphite (Beck collection) ; Ticon- deroga (.Vrthur's mine), Essex county. Graphite (Beck collection) ; Fisbkill, Dutchess county. Graphite (Beck collection) ; Rogers' Rock, Essex county. Graphite; Jobnsburgh (A. Noble's farm), Warren county. Graphite and Calcite; Ticondemga, Es- sex county. Graphite; Ticonderoga, Essex county. Gypsum (Beck collection); Camillus, Onondaga county. Gypsum and Dolomite; Lockport. Ni- agara county. Gypsum (Beck collection); Stark, Her- kimer county. Gypsum; , Onondaga county. Gypsum (Beck collection); Lockport, Niagara county. Gypsum ancl Calcite. Dog-tooth spar; Lockport, Niagara county. 32i New Yokk at the World's Coi.umbiax Exposition. G^'psum, Seleuite (Beck collectiou); Lockport, Niagara county. Gypsum [water-'svorn] (Beck collec- tion); , Onondaga county. Gypsum (Beck collection); Lenox, Madison county. Gypsum; Auburn. Gypsum. Selonite (Beck collection); Syracuse, Onondaga county. Gypsum. Selenite; , Wayne county. Gypsum, Selenite (Beck collection); , Onondaga county. Gypsum, Selenite; . Onondaga, county. Gypsum, Seleuite (Beck collection); O'lieil mine, Orange count}'. Harmotome [3]; near Sing Sing, West- chester count}'. Hematite and Stiliiuomelane Clialcodite (J. S. Consley); fterliug mine, Jefferson county. Heinatite (Clark mine); Rossie, St. Lawrence county. Hematite; DeKalb, St. Lawrence county. Hematite; Clinton, Oneida county. Hematite; , St. Lawrence county. Hematite and Quartz; Potsdam, St. Lawrence county. Hematite, Quartz and Ankerite (Beck collection); Antwerp, Jefferson county. Hematite, Specular Iron and Magnet- ite; Arnold vein, Clinton county. Hematite, Specular Iron [3] (Beck col- lection); Fowler, St. Lawrence county. Hematite, Specular Iron; Arnold mine, Essex county. Hematite, Specular Iron and Jasper (Beck collection); Arnold miije, Essex county. Hematite, Specular Iron (Beck collec- tion); EdA\-ards, St. Lawrence county. Hematite, Fossil Ore; Ontario (Jones bed), Wayne county. Hematite, JIartite (Beck collection); Adirondacks. Hematite, Marti te (Beck collection); Monroe (Sterling mine). Orange county. Heulandite; Wliitsou's, Westchester county. Houghite and Serpentine (Beck collec- tion); Somerville, St. Lawrence county. Indurated Bitumen (Beck collection); S. S. Whitman's sandstone quarry, Her- kimer county. Indurated Bitumen in Calcareous Sand- stone (Beck collection); Little Falls, Her- Idmer county. Labradoritc; Essex county. Labradorite; Mt. JIarcy. Labradoritc [3]; iloriah, Essex county. Labradorite (Beck collection); H.nmp- tonburg. Orange covmty. Labradorite (Beck collection); New- comb, Essex county. Labradorite (Beck collection); Lewis Corners, Essex county. Leucopyrite and Oiigoclase; Edenville, Orange county. Leucopyrite [2] (Beck collection); Eden- ville, Orange county. Leucopyrite [3]; Edenville, Orange county. Lignite; Staten Island. Limonite; Ancram (Morgan mine), Co- lumbia count}'. Limonite [4] (Bed' collection) ; , Dutchess county. Limonite (Beck collection) ; , Jefferson count}'. Ijimonite ; Clove Valley (Clove mine), Dutchess countv. Limonite [3]"; Sylvan Lake (Fishkill mine), Dutchess county. Limonite ; j\It. Riga mine, Dutchess count}'. Limonite ; Amenia. Dutchess count}'. Limonite ; Copake (Copake mine), Columbia county. Limonite, Bog Ore (Beck collection) ; Ed':nville, Orange county. Limonite, Bog Ore (Beck collection) ; Gouverncur (Spencer's farm). Magnetite (Beck collection) ; Averill ore bed, Essex county. Magnetite ; Mineville (Barton Hill mine), Essex county. Magnetite (100 feet below surface) (from Gov. Clark) (Beck collection) ; Clinton Prison, Clinton count}'. Magnetite [3] (Beck collection) ; Essex count}'. Magnetite and Hematite Specular Iron; New York, JIagnetite ; Palmer Hill (J. & J. Rogers Iron Co.), Clinton county. Magnetite ; Tilly Foster mine, Putnam county. Magnetite and Epidote ; Croft mine, Putnam coimty. Magnetite (Beck collection) ; O'Neil mine. Orange countv. Magnetite [3] ; Mineville (Barton Hill), Essex county. Magnetite ; New York city. Jlagnetite ; Jlineville (Mine 31, Port Heniy Iron Ore Co.), Essex county. Magnetite ; Newcomb, Essex count}'. M:ignetite (Nolan shaft) ; Mineville (Port" Henry Iron Ore Co,), Essex county. JIaguctite (Little Joker shaft) ; Mine- ville (W., S. & Co.), Essex count}'. Magnetite ; Jloriah, Essex county. Magnetite and Apatite (Nolan shaft) ; Jlinevillc (Port Henr}' Iron Ore Co.), Essex county. Magnetite and Jenkinsite ; O'Neil mine. Orange county. JIagnetite (Little Joker shaft) ; Mine- ville (W., S. & Co.), Essex county. oi O > Z u. O < < S -J Report on thk Mines and Mining Exhibit. 325 Magnetite ; Hammondsville, Essex ccuiity. ^Magnetite (Beck collection) ; O'Neil mine, ]\Iouroe, Orange county. Magnetite ; Hammondsville (Mine No. 4, C. P. Iron Co.). Essex county. !Magnetite ; Putnam, AVashiugton county. JIagnetite [2] ; Mincville, Essex county. JLignetite (dendritic markings); jNIiddle Granville, 'Washington county. ^Magnetite showing Slickensides (E. B. ■Wilson) ; Sterling, Orange county. lilagnctitc, Titanii'erous ; Russell (Smith farm), St. Lawrence county. Magnelite, Titaniferous ; Kewoomb (Lake Sanford), Essex count_y. Malachite (Beck collection) ; Phillips- town, Putnam countj'. Malachite; New "i'ork cit}'. Menaccanite (Beck collection) ; War- wick, Orange county. Menaccanite [2] ; New York citJ^ Menaccanite and C'hondrodite ; War- wick, Orange county. Menaccanite in Quartz (Beck collection); Cornwall, Orange county. Microcline ; Pitcairn. Microcline [3] ; , St. Lawrence county. Jlillerite, Hematite and Quartz ; Ant- werp. Jefferson county. Jlillente ; Antwerp, Jefferson count}'. Molybdenite; New York city. Monazite; New York city (One Hun- dred and Fifty-fifth street and Tenth avenue). Moonstone ; Newcomb, Essex county. ^Muscovite (Beck collection) ; Gouver- neur. Orange count}'. JIuscovite (Beck collection); AYarwick, Orange county. Musco\'ite; Yonkers, Westchester county. iluscovite, New York city. Muscovite [o]; New York city. Muscovite on Qu;irtz; New York city. Muscovite; AVilson's, Westchester county. ■ Muscovite (Beck collection); Edenville, Orange county. Muscovite; Fort George, N. York city, JIuscovite on Doloraiie; Sing Sing (piison quarrj'), Westcbesler count}-. Muscovite; Sing Sing (prison cpiarry), Westchester county. Natrolite; Fort 'Montgomery. Orange county. Oligoclase; New York city. Oligoclase, Tourmaline and Quartz; New York city. Oligoclase; , St. Lawrence county. Orthoclase; Crown Point. Esse.x county. Orthoclase (Beck collection); ,Monroe (Rich iron mine). Orange county. Orthoclase (Beck collection); Diana, Lewis county. Orthoclase [3] (Beck collection); Yonk- ers, AA''estchester county. Orthoclase; Sing Sing, Westchester county, Orthoclase; Ticouderoga (Mt. Hope), E.s.sex county. Orthoclase [(!]; New York city. Orthoclase (Beck collection); Putnam, Washington county. Orthoclase (Beck collection); Rogers' Rock, Essex county. Orthoclase (Beck collection) Alexandria Bay, Jefferson county. Orthoclase; Hammond (DeLong's Mill), St. Lawrence county. Oxide of Manganese (Beck collection); Hillsdale, Columbia county. Oxide of Manganese [3]; , Orange county. Oxide of Manganese; Union ville, Dutchess county. Peat; Greenfield, Saratoga county. Pectolite (Beck collection); Piermont, Rockland county. Phlogopite; (j.xbow, Jefferson county. Phlogopite [3]; Natural Bridge, Jeffer- son county. phlogopite; , St. Lawrence count}'. Phlogopite; , St. Lawrence county. Phlogopite (Beck collection); Gouver- neur, St. Lawrence county. Phlogopite; Monroe, Orange county. Phlogopite [2] (Beck collection); Ox- bow. .Jefferson county. Phlogopite; Pope's Mill, St. Lawrence count}'. Phlogopite: A^rooman's Luke, Phlogopite (Beck collection); Edwards, St. Lawrence county. Phlogopite (Beck collection); Somcr ville, St. Lawrence county. Phlogopite [2]; Natural Bridge, Jeffer- son county. Phlogopite (Beck collection); New Rochellc, Westchester counly. Finite, Gieseekite; Natural Bridge, Jefferson county. Pyrite in Dolomite; New York city (King's Bridge ship canal). Pyrite on Stilbitc; New York city. Pyrite (Beck collection); Diana, Lewis count}'. Pyrite (Beck collection); Schoharie, Schoharie count}'. Pyrite (Beck collection); New York (Hudson river). Pyrite; Rossie, St. Lawrence county. Pyrite (Beck collection); Parisli Ore bed. Pyrite ; Albany (Park ave. ), Albany county, Pyrite; Fort George, New York city. Pyrite [3]; ■ — , Ulster county. 326 Nkw Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. Pyrite (Beck collection); , "Ulster counly. P_vrite; Kossie, St. Lawrence county. Pyrite; Newcomb, Essex county. Pyrite [3]; Sing Sing, Westchester county. . Pyrite (Beck collection); Martinsburg, Lewis county. Pyroxene; , St. Lawrence county. l^yroxene; Monroe, Orange county. Pyroxene; Diana, Lewis county. Pyro.xene; Amity, Orange county. PjToxene and Dolomite; Sing Sing, Westchester county. P3'roxene [4]; , St. Lawrence county. Pyroxene [5]; East Russell, St. Law- rence county. Pyroxene; , Orange county. Pyroxene; , St. Lawrence county. Pyroxene; Long Pond, Esse.x county. Pyroxene; Jloriah. Essex county. Pyroxene (Beck collection); Edcnville, Orange county. Pyroxene [2] ; Jlouroe, Orange county, Pyroxene [4]; Hill), Essex county. Pj'roxene (Beck collection); Monroe (Greenwood Furnace), Orange county. Pyroxene ; Gouverneur, St. Lawrence county. Pyroxene (Beck collection); AVarwick, Orange county. Pyroxene, var. Diop.side [4]; De Ivalb, St. Lawrence count}'. Pyroxene, vai-. Coccolite [2]; Long- Pond, Orange county. Pyroxene, var. Coccolite (Beck collec- tion) ; Monroe (Two Ponds), Orange county. Pyroxene, var. Coccolite (Beck collec- tion); Phillipstowu, Putiiam county. Pyroxene, var. Coccolite (Beck col- lection); Greenwood Furnace, Orange county. Pyroxene, var. Hudsouite (Beck col- lection); Cornwall, Orange county. P3'rrhotite and Anipbibole, var. Horn- blende; Lake Jlahopac (Mahopac mine), Putnam county. Py rrhotite (Beck collection); Port Henry, Essex county. Pyrrhotite (Beck collection); Anthony's Nose, Putnam county. Pyrrhotite in Dolomile; King's Bridge ship canal, New York city. Quartz (Beck collection); Little Falls, HerUinier county. -^ Quartz; Little Falls, Herkimer county. Quartz [2] (Beck collection); Lewis Corners. Essex county. Quartz; Diamond Island (Lake George). Quartz; , St. Lawrence county. Quartz [2]; Sing Sing, Westches'ter county. Quartz [8]; Middleville, Ulster county. Quartz; Fowler, St. Lawrence county. Quartz; Ed\vards, St. Lawrence county. Quartz (Beck collection); Diamond Point, Warren counly. Quartz (Beck collection); Lewis, Essex county. Quartz [2] (Beck collection); Rossie, St. Lawrence count}'. Quartz; Fowler, St. Lawrence county. Quartz [C]; EUenville, Lister county. Quartz and Hematite; Antwerp (Ster- ling mine), Jefferson county. Quartz [3]; Middleville, Herkimer county. Quartz; South Troy, Rensselaer county. Quartz [4]; ■ , Herkimer comity. Quartz (Beck collection); Diana, Lewis county. Quartz [?]; Ticonderoga (Chilson Hill), Esse.x county. Quartz and Hematite, var. Specular Iron; Fowler, St. Lawrence counly. QuaTtz; Statcn Island (Iron mine), Rich- mond county. Quartz; Antwerp, Jefferson county. Quartz on Jasper; Staten Island, Rich- mond county. Quartz; Staten Island (Iron mine), Rich- mond county. Quartz; Parish Ore bed, St. Lawrence county. Quartz [7]; , St. Lawrence count}'. Quartz and Chalcopyrite (Beck collec- tion); EUenville. Ulster county. Quartz on Dolomite; Sing Sing, West- chester county. Quartz [5]; New Baltimore, Greene county. Quartz; Lansingburgli, Rensselaer county. Quartz (Beck collection); Warwick, Orange county. Quartz, vjir. " Essex county. Quartz, var. Chester county Quartz, var. Essex county. Quartz, var. York city. Quartz, var. . Rose quartz; Crown Point, Rose quartz, , "West- Rose c^uartz; Port Henr}', Smok}' quartz [2]; New Smoky quartz; Sing Sing, Westchester county. Quartz, var. Smoky quartz; jMoriah, Essex county. Quartz, var. Slilky quartz; , Schuyler count}'. Quartz (Beck collection), var. Chryso- prase; Fowler, St. Lawrence county. Quartz, var. Chalcedony; Lead !Mine. Quartz, var. Agate; Saratoga, Saratoga county. Quartz, var. Hornstone; Edcnville, Ul- ster county. Quartz, var. Hornstone (Beck collec- tion); Sprakers, Montgomery county. Heport ox Tin-; TJikios and ]\riNiK(; Emihut. 327 Quartz, var. Touchstouc; iScboharie, Schoharie couuly. Quartz, var. Jasper (Beck collection); AVarwick, Oraugc county. Uipidolite; New York city. Ripidolite; Ih-ewstcrs (Tilly Fester mine), Putn;ini county. Kutile in AVerucrite; Kew York city. Rutilein Dolomite [C]; Sing Sing, West- chester county. Rutilc, Sinii' Sing, West Chester county. Serpentine (Beck collection); Kossie, St. Lawrence couuty. Serpentine; • , !■ t. Lawrence county. Scrijcntine; O'Keil mine. Orange county. Serpentine (Sinims collection); Staten Island. Serpentine [2] (Beck collection); Rye, Westchester county. Serpentine [aj (Beck collection); New Eochelle, AVestelicstir county. Serpentine (Beck collcctioni; Warwick, Orange county. Serpentine [2] (Beck collection); Phil- lipstown, Putnam coimty. Serpentine; Edwards, St. Lawrence county. tjerpentine; Kew Y'ork city. Serpentine; Phillipstown, Putnam county. Gerpcntine and JIagnetite (Beck collec- tion); Jlonroe (new mine). Orange count}-. Serpentine (Beck collection); Syracuse, Onondaga county. Serpentine; Oxbow, Jefferson county. Serpentine; Gouverueur, St. Lawrence county. Serpentine (Beck collection); Diana, Lewis county. Serpentine, var. JIarmolite (Beck col- lection); New Rochelle, Westchester county. Serpentine, var. Jlnrmolite (Beck col- lection); Rye, Westcliester county. Serpentine, var. Marmolite [SJ; Tilly Foster mine, Putnam county. Serpentine, var. C'hry.sotilc; Phillips- town, Putnam county. Serpentine, var. Picrolite; Tilly Foster mine, Putnam county. S;-rp •ntine. Serpentine marble; East Mori.ih, E.sse.\ county. Serpentine, Seri.entine marble [2]; Port Henry, E.sse.v county. Serpentine, Serpentine marble (Beck colle!:l!on); Amity, Orange county. Seriientine. Seri)entine marble (Beck collcctioni; Pitcairn, St. Lawicnce county. Serpentine, .S'rpenline niiirblc (Beck colUv-lion); Ro.ssie, St, Lawrence counlv. Seybcrtite, var, Clintonite; ^\■arwi(•l<, Orange county, Seybcrtite, var. Cliutonite [4]; Amity, Orange county. Kiderile; Amenia(Amenianiine), Dutch- ess count)'. Siderite [2] (Beck collection); Antwerp, Jeiferson county. Siderite [2]; Burden (Jit, Thomas), Columbia county, Sidtrite; Greenport (Plass Hill), Colum- bia county. Siderite [2]; Parish mine, St. Lawrence couuty. Sillimanite; Y'orktown, AVestchester county. Sillimanite; Y'orktown, Westchester county. Sphalerite; Rossie, St. Lawrence county. Sphalerite, Dolomite and Calcite (Beck collection); Lockijort, Niagara county. Sphalerite [2]; Lockport, Niagara couiitv. Sphalerite [2] (Beck collection); AVurts- boro. !-'uIli\an county. S[ihalerile in Trenton slate (Beck col- lection); Spraker's Basin, Montgomery county. Sphalerite (Beck collection); EUenville, Lister county. Splialerite county. ypii;el (Becli Orange county. Spinel; Sing Sing, AVestchester collection) ; !Moiu'oe, Orange county. Spinel; ne.ar Monroe, Orange countj'. Spinel in Serpentine; Edenville, Orange count)'. Spind [2]; jMonroe, Orange county. Spinel and Chondrodite (Beck collec- tion); Amity, Orange couuty. Spinel [2j (Beck collection); Edenville, Orange county. Spinel [2] (Beck collection); Amity, Orange county. Spinel and Aniphibole, var. Hornblende; Alonroe, Orange county. Staurolite and Garnet; New A'ork city. Stilbite [21; New York city. Stilbite; PeeUskill, AVestchester county. Stilbite in Granite, etc. (Beck collection); New A'ork (Harlem tunnel). Stilbite (Beck collection); Peekskill, AVestchester county. Stilbite [2]; AVhitson's, AVestchester couuty. Stilpnonielane, var. Chalcodite [3]; (Beck collection); Antwerp, Jeffer.son count 3'. Strontianite (Beck collection); Antwerp, Jefl!er.scin county. Strontianite; Schoharie, Schoharie county. Sulphur in Gypsum (collection of K. B. Howland); Springport, Cayuga county. Talc; Edwards, St, Lawrence count)'. Talc [2]; Fowler, St. Lawrence county. Talc; New A'ork city. 328 New Yokk at the "World's Columbian Exposition. Talc [3] (Beck collection); Peckville, DutcbesH county. Talc (Beck collection); four miles from Quarantine, Richmond county. Talc and Fluorite; Amity, Orange county. Talc; Sing Sing (Sparta quarry), West- chester county. Talc, vav. Steatite; Monroe, Orange county. Talc, var. Renssclaerite (Beck collec- tion); Oxbow, Jellerson county. Talc, var. Renssclaerite; Oxbow, Jef- ferson county. Talc, var. Renssclaerite [4] ; Edwards, St. Lawrence county. Talc, var. Renssclaerite [2] ; Fowler, St. Lawrence county. Titanite [2] (Beck collection) ; Monroe, Orange county. Titanite; Rossie, St. Lawrence county. Titanite and Amphibolc, var. Horn- blende; New York city. Titanite (Beck collection) ; Rogers' Rock, Essex county. Titanite [3] ; Diana, Lewis county. Tourmaline (Beck collection) ; War- wick, Orange county. Tourmaline; High Island, St. Law- rence county. Tourmaline [8] ; New York city. Tourmaline [3] ; Gouverneur, St. Law- rence county. Tourmaline (Beck collection) ; Chester, Essex county. Tom-maline [5] ; , Essex county. Tourmaline [5J (Beck collection) ; De Kalb, St. La wreifce' county. Tourmaline (Beck collection) ; High Island, St. Lawrence county. Tovirnialine and Quanta;, Eierrepont, St. Lawrence county. Tourmaline; f'rench Mountain, Orange county. Tourmaline ; De Kalb, St. liawvence county. Tourmaline [9] ; Pierrepont, St. Law- rence county. Tourmaline [5] (Beck collection) ; Gouv- erneur, St. Lawrence county. Tourmaline ; Croton, Westchester county. Tourmaline [14] ; Newcomb, Essex county. Tourmaline [2]; Minerva, Essex county. Vesuviauite [2] (Beck collection) ; Ant- werp, Jefferson county. Vcsuvianite; Edenvilfc, Orange count}'. Vesuvianite [2] (Beck collection) ; Amity, Orange county. Vesuvianite, var. Xauthite [3] ; Amity, Orange county. Warwickite (Beck collection) ; War- wick, Orange county. Warwickite [3] ; Edenville, Orange county. Werneritc [4] ; , St. Lawrence county. Wernerite ; New York city. Werncrite (Beck collection) ; Duane, Franklin count}'. Wernerite; Iveene, Essex county. AVernerite ; Long Pcnd, Essex county. Wernerite [2] ; jMouroe, Orange count}'. Wernerite (Beck collection) ; Gouver- neur, St. Lawrence county. Wernerite [2]; Newcomb, Essex count}'. Wernerite [2] ; Ticonderoga (Chilson Hill), Essex county. Wernerite (Beck collection); Schroon, Essex county. Wernerite (Beck collection) ; Diana, Lewis county. Wernerite and Pyroxene (Beck collec- tion) ; Rossie, St. Lawrence county. Wernerite and Titanite (Beck collection); No. 14 township, Warren count}'. Wernerite; Gouverneur, St. Lawrence county. Wernerite [2] ; , St. Lawrence county. Wernerite and Pyroxene (Beck collec- tion) ; , Lewis count}'. Wernerite; Edenville, Orange county. Werncrite (Beck collection) ; Monroe, Orange county. Wernerite (Beck collection) ; Natural Bridge, Lewis county. WoUastonite [4] ; Diana, Lewis county. AVollastonite ; Natural Bridge, Lewis county. WoUastonite; Edenville, Orange county. Xenotime; One Hundred and Fifty-tifth street and Tenth avenue. New York eit}'. Yttroceritc (S. 0. Young); Edenville, Orange county. Zircon in Magnetite (Beck collection) ; Cornwall, Orange county. Zircon (Beck collection) ; New York city. Zircon (Beck collection) ; Cornwall. Orange county. Zircon (Beck collection) ; Canterbury, Orange county. Zircon [2]; , St. Lawrence county. Zircon (Beck collection) ; Warwick, Orange county. Zircon (Beck collection) ; Dc Long's Mill, St. Lawrence county. Zircon on Oligoclase; New York city. X X o Rioi'oiM- (IX ■riiio Minks and MiNi.Nd lv\iiii:rr. 329 PETROLEUM. GROUP 43. The specimens of New York |ii'ti'iilriiiii were collected by Mr. Dud- ley A. X-M\ Ingen, Pli. 1!., ii ni-adiiati' ol' llie sclmol of mines of Col- Uliihia College. Tliev were exliiliited in tall liotlles (■(Hilainiiii;' I wo (juarts each. As it was not ])Ossil)le, with the time and means all'orded, to make an aeeui'ate stmly of the oil regions of New Yoi'k, nothing was done heyond the collection of the specimens. A hi'ief sketch of the oil region by Mr. Van Ingen is appended. Peteoleum in New- "^'oric State. Tlie oil territory in New York State is u continnatiou of tlio Brad- ford iieid of Pennsylvania. ''I'iie conn ties of Cattarangns and Allegany contain almost all tlu; developed tei'i'itory for oil, though Eri(^ C(juMty has produced some important gas wells. The Hrst drilling was dcjne at Limestone in Cattaraugus county in 1S05, followed by wells at J'eti'olia and Richburgh in Allegany county in ISSI and 1882 respectively. The oil sand is called the "Richburgh" in Allegany county, and the " Bradford " in (Jattaraugus county, but many claim them to be iden- tical. The sandstone is a close, line-grained roc^k of a dark brown color. Tlie genei'al dii'ecti(jn of the strata runs northeast and south- west di|)ping to the southwest from three to twenty-live feet to the mile. In the southern jiart of Allegany county a fourth sand, klMl^\•n asthe"AVaugh and J-'orter" is drilled into. This lies some eighty feet below the " Ricbljurgh " sand, and seems to be a different oil sand, although there is much difference of opinion with i-egard to it. The oil varies in color from light yellow to almost black, all hough the dark green oil is by far the most alimidant. Its specilic gi'avity at ten degrees C I'uns from thirty-eight (h^grees to forty-five degi'ces B. Up to date about S,l)()(.) wells have been drilled in the State, and some G,()U() are now ])roducing. They started anywhere from five to 250 barrels per day, but now oidy average si.\ty-five-onc-hundreths ban-els in Cattaraugus county, and sixty-two-one-hundrctlis Ijarrels in Allegany county. AVith the oil considerable gas lias been found, but now there is little nujre than enough to sujiply fuel for pumping. "Edge territory " usually produces good gas wells. I. 7\r,f,K(;ANV FlEI.O. I'lie Allegany field is in th(; towns of (Jreenwood in Steuben county, and Andovei-, Sci(j, Alma, i'.olivar, Wirt, Clarksville and (irenesee in Allt'gany connty. There have been up to Decendjcr I, JS!t2, 5,327 wells (billed, and about 4,iin() ni'e now jiroduejng. On January 1, 1.SSO, 25.105,000 bari-('ls of oil had been taken ont. The gi'eat(;st daily ju'o- ducti(jn was in 1882 when 17,000 harrels niai'k-ed the linut. At jirese^nt about 2,500 barrels is the daily pi-ndnriidn. This held is dividtjd into si.x pools, viz. : 1. Andover; 2. .Alma P.O.; ;;. Alma; 4. Bolivar, 4i! 330 JMew Yokk at the Woeld's Columbian Exi^osition. lii?liburi;'li and Wirt; 5. Waui^li and Porter; 6. Clarksville aud Wiles. 1. Aiidooer. — This is situated in Greenwood, yteiiLen county, and Andover, Allegany count}'. It was originally drilled for gas to supply the neighboring towns, and all drilling lias been done by the Mutual Gas Company of Andover. In all, fifteen wells have been finished since the field was opened in 1SS9. In depth the wells run from 800 feet in tlie valley to 1,300 feet on the hills, with oil sand from 15 to 95 feet thick. Tlie field gives a good yield of both gas aud oil, the rock pressure being 350 feet on the average and a yield of one to eiglit barrels of oil per well per day. At present all the wells but three are shut in, as this number is sufficient to furnish the gas needed. 2. Alma P. O. — This really belongs to the Ahua pool, but as there is a dry streak between them it has been treated by itself. It is very small, covering (inly five lots in the southwest corner of the toM'n of Alma. The wells are few and run from 800 to 1,500 feet deep, with only 10 to 20 feet of oil sand. The yield of oil and gas is very small. 3. Alni.a. — This pool is a long narrow strip running northeast and sonthwest and covering about thirty lots in the to\vn of Alma. There are about 250 producing wells, yielding about 125 barrels of oil daily. In depth they run from 1,100 to 1,200 feet, witli 15 to 20 feet of pro- ducing oil sand. The southwest edge is good gas territory. 4. Boliiurr, R'ich})iir and 10 of the Xew Yoi-k State Museum. The follow- ing report on the bluestone industry, by Mr. Wm. G. Eberhardt, E. M., covers ground not touclied upon by Prof. Smock. 332 New Yoek at thk World's Columbian Exposition. The area in wliicli bluestone is quarried in New York State extends from the west shore of the Hudson river, in Ulster and Greene coun- ties, in a southwesterly direction through Ulster, Delaware and Sullivan counties to tlie Delaware river ; and there is a small isolated region in Chenango county, in the towns of Oxford and Norwich. The region has been opened in the towns of Kingston and Sauger- ties, Ulster county, and Catskill, Athens and Coxsackie, Greene county, at numerous points from which the stone is carted by the C(uarrymen to the Hudson, where it is bought by various dealers along the lines of the Ulster and Delaware railroad, the Fort Jervis and Monticello rail- road, the New York, Ontario and Western railroad, the Erie railroad, and the Delaware and Hudson canal. The last-named district extends through the towns of Mamakating, Sullivan county, and Wawarsing and Marbletown, Ulster county. Very little quarrying is done in the district at present. Of the quarries whose output is shipped via the Hudson river the most important are in the town of Saugerties, Ulster county. The quarries in this townsliip are located at Quarry ville, West Saugerties, Highwoods, Bethel and Unionville. This district has been extensively opened and much stone is proditced, although here, as also in the Ulster and Delaware district, the business of quarrying has greatly diminished in recent years. The largest Cjuarries in the town of Sau- gerties are at Quarryville. about four miles west of the Hudson. The Cjuarries here are on ledges of stone, running parallel to the Hudson up into Greene county. Besides a number of small cjuarries there are two large openings. One of these is abandoned, owing to inadequate pumping facilities. Hand and horse-power pumps were used, and found to be of too small capacity to handle the water. The owners intend putting in steam pumjjs. About one-half mile north of the village, on the same ledge, is the other opening, in which four parties are engaged in quarrjdng, Patrick Kelly, Cornelius Harvey, Z. B. Mower & Co. and A. Cam- Wright. The total length of tlie quarry face is about 300 feet. Each quarry employs eight to twelve men, and produces $4,000 to $6,000 in stone per year. No steam machinery is used. Pumps are worked by hand or horse power. The quarl-ies are below the level of the sur- roimding country, and there is no natural drainage. The water is pumped behind a common dam, extending the length of the workings. The average thickness of the workable l^ed in these quarries and in the district is about thirteen feet. On this lies a stratum of Avorthless rock, about three feet thick, wliich is overlaid by two to twenty feet of earth. The stone is of three grades as to color and hardness. The top layers of the bed are gray and veiwhard, while those at the bottom are bhie and softer. Between these an intermediate grade can be distinguished. *~ This change in color and hardness occurs in almost all quarries. A bed of bluestone is rarely uniform throughout its entire thickness. Usually the color becomes darker as the distance below the surface and also the distance from the face of the ledge increases. Sometimes, however, the stone is darker in the upper layers. The thickness of X Z3 Z < >- < Eeport ox the Mikes axd Mixing Exhibit. 333 the several layers also increases with depth and distance from the face of the leda;e. Usually the stone in the second block is about twice as heavy as that in the tirst. The " lifts " or layers of stone in this dis- trict vary from tliree inches to four feet in tliickness. The stone taken from tlie loAver lifts does not stand weathering well. It contains seams and " reeds." iiivisible seams, which open when the stone is exposed to frost. That from the upper lifts is more compact and dm-able. The stone is carted to Maiden, distant live or six miles by road. The rough stone is worth forty-eight to sixty cents per cubic foot, or four to five cents per inch. A general description can be given of the method of quarrying throughout the bluestone district, which will ajiply to all quarries, with the exception of a veiy few where steam macliinery is used. The equipment consists of sledge hammers, wedges, plugs and feathers, crowbars, shovels, wheelbarrows, and a hand derrick in most of the larger cpiarries. Pumps are rarely ueeessary. The bed is first stripped of the overburden. The " stripping " of " top," as the overburden is called, is usually earth and worthless stone. In the most favorable case it is simply a layer of eartii. The worthless rock may be solid, in which case its removal is an expensive item in quarrying, or it may be very much broken up or shaly (called '• pencil stuft' "' K when it is easily removed. The top rock is removed with the aid of blasting powder and dynamite, and large blasts are sometimes fired when it is heavy. Thirty kegs of powder have been fir-ed in one of these blasts. The sti-ipping is done mostly dm'ing the winter, and actual quarrying about nine months in the year. The beds of stone are di-^"ided naturally into blocks by seams and joints at right angles to each other. In the direction of the strike of the ledge are the " side seams," which are very marked, and, where large areas are stripped, may sometimes be seen running straight and truly parallel for several hnudred feet without mterruption. At right angles to the side seams, and less regular than these, are joints which form two opposite sides of a block. The area of blocks varies greatly. That of large ones may be 1.000 square feet or more. The bed being stripped, the layers or " lifts " of good stone are successively raised by means of wedges driven into the natural bedding planes. Large lifts are broken to desired sizes by plugs and feathers. The plugs are driven home at the same time as the wedges and aid in dislodging the stone from its bed. The thickness of lifts varies from one inch to six feet. In the Highwoods district the quarries are all small, and worked by two or tliree men. Two men get out about sl,OC)C> to 81,200 in stone per year. These small quarries are worked until the good stone gives out, or more frequently until the top becomes too lieavy to be economi- cally handled on so small a scale. The beds of stone in this district are very uncertain. Layers of shaly rock are interstratified with the good bluestone, and pockets of the same material are irregulai'ly dis- tributed through the beds. The district is said by qtiarrymen to be nearly exhausted. The stone found liere is of a good blue color, hard and heavy. All thicknesses are found up to three or four feet. It is sold to dealers at Saugerties and Glasco, seven or eight miles distant. 334 New Yoek at the Woeld's Colusibian Exposition. The cost of cartage is about one dollar and seventy-five cents per 100 square feet two inches thick. The quarries at "West Saugerties, Bethel and Unionville are all small like those in the Highwoods district. The stone is sold to dealers in Maiden, Saugerties and Glaseo. The stone is also carted to Maiden and Saugerties from Palenville, Catskill township, Greene county. This stone is of a greenish tint. From Woodstock, also, stone is carted to Maiden. Burhans & Brainard have yards and a mill at Saugerties, and the Ulster Bluestone Comimny at Maiden. Other dealers having yards but no mills are, Sweeney Bros, and James Maxwell, at Sauger- ties, and W. Porter, at Glaseo. In the town of Kingston there are a few small quarries at Dutch Settlement, Hallihan Hill and Jockey Hill, but very little stone is cpiar- ried at these places. It is sold to dealers at Wilbur. The Ulster and Delaware railroad has opened up the bluestone country in the towns of Kingston, Hurley, Olive and Shandaken, Ulster county, but the active quarries in this region are much less numerous than in former years. The largest are near Stony Hollow, in Kingston township, and West Hurley, in Hurley to\vnship. Some of the stone from these places is carted to Eondout and Wilbur, and some shipped by rail to Kondout. Farther up the road quarries are small and not numerous. Stone is obtained from all stations along the road as far as Allaben, in Shan- daken township. Some of the largest quarries are Grant's, Hewitt Boice's and James O'Neill's, at West Hurley. James O'K^eill's quarry is situated about one-half mile south of tlie village of West Hurley, on a ledge running north and south and dip^jiug slightly west. The bed averages about twelve feet, but is not uniform ; about three feet of it is poor stone unevenly distributed through the bed. The stripj^ing varies from five to fifteen feet. The quarry has been opened for about 300 feet, but is worked only on a small scale. The thickness of lifts varies from four to twenty inches. The bottom lifts are of better color than those nearer the top, whose faces are brown probably from the pressiire of iron. The stone is shipped by rail to Bondout. Beside the true bluestone there is a brownish variety quarried at some localities above West Hurley. This is not a handsome stone and not suitable for ornamental purposes. In the towns of Middletown and Roxbury, Delawai-e countj-, a red- dish sandstone is found of about the same density and strength as the bluestone of Ulster county. Very little of it is quarried. It is sent to Rondout via the Ulster and Delaware railroad. Expei'iments on blue- stone from West Hurley have given tlie following results : Density, 2.721 ; crushing strength, 22.45 pounds per square inch. At Eondout Plewitt Boice has extensive stone yards and a mill. Sweeney Bros, and Julius Osterhoiidt have yards and mills at Wilbur. The bluestone territory has been extensively opened in Sullivan county and to a smaller extent in Delaware county and in the town of Deerpark, Orange county. There are quarries along tlie lines of tlie Port Jervis and Monticello, Erie, and Kew York, Ontario and Western railroads in these counties. Along the Port Jervis and Monticello rail- road there are quarries at Hose Point, Paradise and Oakland, town of Kepoet on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 335 Deerpark, and at Hartwood and Gilinans, town of Forestburg, Sulli- van county. They are all small and their output is sold to dealers in Port Jervis who ship it east, via the Erie. Terbell 6z Eidgeway, who have a stone yard at Pert Jervis, handle most of this stone. In the valley of the Delaware river along the line of the Erie rail- road there are quarries in New York State from Deerpark, Orange county, to the town of Sanford, Broome county. In the town of Deer- park there are small quarries at Mill Eift, -which sell their output to Louis E. Bliss, jSTew York. At Stairway, Lumberland township, Sulli- van county, there are large quarries owned by F. A. Kilgour, which are at present idle, but will be reopened. At Pond Eddy, in the same township, A. H. Woodward operates several quarries and buys the output of others. The quarries on the ISTew York side of tlie Delaware are not as large or as numerous as those on the Pennsylvania side. The beds of stone here are more uncertain and of a more pockety nature than those of Ulster county, and the stone is harder. All the stone in the Delaware valley from Deerpark to Callicoon, Delaware to^vnship, is quite hard. Beyond this point it becomes gradually softer and is more easily worked. Most of the stone on the iSTew York side at Pond Eddy is shipped to Woodward's mills at Newark, N. J., via the Dela-ware and Hudson canal and the Hudson river, although the freight rates by this route are one dollar and sixty-five cents per ton as against one dollar and fifteen cents per ton via Erie railroad. Other places in the town of Lumberland at which bluestone is C|uar- ried are in the district opi^osite Parker's Glen, Penn., and Barryville. At the first named of these places the total output is probably less than $100 per month. The stone quarried is suitable only for flagstone. Prices paid for the stone by dealers are from forty-two to forty -live cents per cubic foot or three and one-half to three and three-fourths cents per inch. Very little stone is quarried at Barryville. That dis- trict is nearly exhausted. In the town of Tusten quarrying is carried on extensively opposite Mast Hope, Penn., and at Tusten. Many small quarries are worked at these places besides a numljer of larger ones employing ten to flf- teen men operated by J. Q. A. Connor & Son, of Mast Hope, and C W. Martin, of Middletown, JST. Y. The stone is quite hard, but not uniformly so, and of several shades of blue ; but hardness and color are quite uniform in the same quany. The thickness of lifts varies from one to eighteen or twenty inches. At Mast Hope a reddish stone is quarried, but only true bluestone is found on the New 'i''ork side of the river at this point. At Narrowsburg, in the same townshij), there a number of cpiarries. Jeremiah Partridge works three quarries at tills point. Two of them are within one-fourth of a mile and the third within three- fourtlis of a mile of the stone docks at Xarrowsburg. The stone in all of them is of good blue color and readily worked. The lifts in the farther quarry are heavier and the stone somewhat liarder. The owner intends putting in steam drills in this quarry. In Cochecton township there are some small quarries at Cochecton village, but only a few of them are being worked. In Delaware township there are quarries at Callicoon and at Rock 336 Nicw YoKK AT Tiiio Wokld's Columbian Exporttton. Run. Tlio ijUiiri'y of Porsbiiclicr JJros. & Co. at Callicoon is about one-halt' mile northwest of tlie village. During fifteen months that it has been worked al)out iifty eai'loads of hfteen to eighteen tons each have been shipped from it. All this stone has been taken from a sin- gle block twenty-five by forty-three feet in area. Five men are at •work in this quariy. Most of the material taken out is flagstone, but some ten and twelve-inch lifts have been raised. The stone is of good color, bluer in the top layers than in the bottom, and very hard. The bed has been worked downward twelve feet, Ijelow which the depth is unknown. The top is mostly loose earth and varies from two to ten feet in depth. There are several large quarries at Ilaukins in the town of Fremont. The largest is operated by Manny & Ross. It is one and one-fourth miles northeast of the village, and employs about twenty men in the active season. A quarry face of 300 to 400 feet in length has been opened, but only a small pai't of it is worked. The workable bed is twenty to twenty-five feet in thickness. Lifts of all thicknesses up to twenty inches are taken out. The quarry has been worked for eight years and a lai-ge quantity of stone is still in sight, but most of it is covered by a very heav}' top of rock. The haixlness of stone in this locality varies considerably. Louis F. hJlisa buys stone at this place. At Long Eddy and Basket, in the same township, there are extensive workings. Kinney J'rothers have a large quarry at Long Eddy, about one-fourth of a mile from the railroad. This (puirrj' has been worked three or four years and has yielded 400 to .500 carloads of stone. The bed is eighteen feet deep, and the ledge on which the quarry is situated runs nearly north and south. The top is quite heavy, being mostly rock twelve to tM'enty feet deep, but nmch broken up and easily removed with the aid of powder. Lifts are from one to twelve inches in thiekuess. The stone is all blue, soft and easily worked. C. W. Martin, F. A. Ivilgour and L. F. J>lissget stone from these quarries. In the town of Hancock, JJelaware coimty, quarj'ying is carried on very extensively. There are quarries in the Delaware valley at Lordville, Stockport and Ilancock, and also on the li]ie of the New York, Onta- I'io and Western railroad. Of the cjuarries in the Delaware valley, the largest are at Lordville and Stockport. The stone from these places is very well suited for oruaiuental pur])oses. It is durable and easily worked. That from Lordvilli- is handled by F. A. Ivilgour, Randall 6z Underwood, and Kirkpatriek JJros. The Stockport stone is claimed to be especially free from " reeds," making it well adapted to stand frost and weathering. It is handled by Kirk]iatrick Bros., of Hancock. Far- ther up the valley there are quarries at 1 lale's Eddy and Deposit, Tomp- kins toM-nship, Delaware county, and also a few in the town of Sanford, Broome county, alon4^ the Erie. At Hale's Eddy all the stone is quar- ried or bought by (). M. Kingsbury & Son. Randall & Underwood are the most extensive operators at Deposit. The stone from these places is very soft, and of different shades of color from gray to dark blue. Some of the gray stone is very coarse grained. Along the line of' the New York, Ontario and Western railroad there arc quarries in Sullivan county in the towns of Liberty and Rock- H CQ X X 1- Z < Eepoet oa'^ the Mines and JMininu Exhibit. 337 laud ; ill l^elawarc county in the towns of Colchester, Hancock, Tomp- kins and Walton ; and in Chenango county in the towns of Oxford and Norwich. Very little quarrying is done in Liberty townshiji. In Rockland townshi]) there are several (quarries at Hoscoe, the largest of wliich are worked by Win. Younians. Farther up the road there are quarries at Cook's Falls, town of Colchester, and in Hancock township at Trout Brook, East Branch, Fisli's Eddy and Hancock Junction. The stone from all these places is of very much tlie same character as to color and hardness. Geo. S. Harris quanies and buys all the stone at East Branch. The quarries at this place are all small. j\t Fish's Eddy the quarries are larger. Storie & Hollywood work four quarries at this place. In the town of Tompkins, Delaware county, tliere are quarries at Apex and Kock Rift. At the latter place E. C. Inderlied has several quarries and a mill. At Walton, Walton township, several quarries are worked. Tlios. Kevins & Son have a quarry and mill on the Delhi division of the Ontario and Western railroad about four miles fi'om Walton Junction. The mill has been removed from Weehawken to Walton, as it is cheaper to ship the stone dressed than in tlie rough state. The Avorlvable bed in the quarry is thirty feet in thickness and is covered by a light top. The F. G. Clarke Bluestone Co. quarries extensivel}' in the town of Oxford, Che- nango county. Tlie quarries of this company are located at Oxford, and at Coventry, four miles to the southwest of Oxford on the Dela- ware, Lackawanna and Western railroad. The stone from both places is dressed at the mill of the company at O.xford. The tlnck- ness of the bed in the Oxford quarry is sixteen feet. The tup is very heavj^, consisting of about forty feet of loose earth and twenty- five feet of solid rock. In order to make a profit under such unfavor . able conditions, the quarry is worked on a large scale, and steam machinery is enq)loyed in quarrying and handling the stone. A clian- neling machine is part of the equipment. The stone is bandied in the quarry Ijy dei'ricks worked by steam, and is taken out by cai'ts and a wire tramway. The stone is of very fine quality. Its color is a good blue and very uniform throughout the Ijcd. It is softer than Ulster county stone and easily worked, which makes it desirable for ornamental purposes. The lifts are too heavy for small flagstones, but many large ones, measuring fifteen to twenty feet or more on a side, are taken out. Stone up to six feet thick can be obtained at this quarry. Powder is used instead of plugs and feathers in getting out large Idocks. Deep holes are drilled M'itii steam drills and reamed out, making a hole about two inches in diameter. A small charge is ])laced in each hole, which is tamped so that the force of the ex])losi(jn is exerted against an elastic cushion of air, and the block is thus loosened from its bed without uimecessary s])litting. Tlie charges are fired simultaneously by electricity. This method is found more satisfactory than channeling. Stone is quarried at Xorwich f; a sticky iiiikL (iiviA'cl, wiiile iiiakiiiij,' a .serviceable road, will not ])a('.k, and is not durable. If it lias to l)e used some of the ditKculty juay l)e overcome by cracking lialf of tlie pebbles. List ok Si'koimkns ok TioAD Mmtai.s ExuiisrrKn, 1(11111 'rni|i or Diiibasc; Fnrt Lee, N. .1 (InuiiU:; l)iuii(M K. Ddiuivnn Isliuul, N. Y. (Iriuiili'; lludsdi. K. Sloiic Supply Cd., Jirciikiii'i'k Ml. Uruuite; I'orL ('lu,'.sU!i-, VVcstchostei- CJo. Liinostniu'. 'Poini)kiiis Cove, K. Y. Liiiu'stom^ ]'. Callanan, South Betlile- lu'iii, N. Y. Siindy Slialt! (Camla-galli Grit); Knox, Albany (■"■ Yellow Gravel; Staton Island. tian olielisk were being economical rTK0L0(}ICAI, OlSKLISK. A iironiinciit I'calnri' of the niiniug ex]iil)it M'as an obelisk of stone from tlie varions geohigica,! formations of Ncav Yoi'k arranged in layers of pi'ojMirtionate thickness on a scale of fifty foot to the inch, and of winch the proportions are those of ()loo])atra's Needle in Central J'ark. Ttie idea of a geological colnmn was first suggested by Prof. Hall, who exhibited ,'i, pyi'aniid at the New Orleans Exposition in 1S85 and 1S8(!, but it was found advisable by the snperintendent to adopt a foi'm and plan diifei'cnt fi'om that of ,I)i-. Hall, and the jiroportions of the Eg\'ji- a(lo])te(l as exhibiting greater elegance of form and of gi'onnd space. The geological obelisk is composed of cut stone fiMin all the solid rock formations occurring in New York in their regular succession from the Archaean to the smnrait of the Trias. The four sides of the obelisk show by specimens from the vari- ous localities thi^ occurrence of the formations in the resjiective ipiar- ters of the State, each formation being represented by a thickness pro- ])ortionate to its relative thickness in New York, the scale of the shaft being lifty feet to one inch. The height of the shaft was twenty-six feet seven inches, and of the pedestal three feet seven inches. The accompanying cut shows the form of the obelisk as well as the diil'erent layers, theii' na,mes and tlii^ rela.ti\'e tliickuess of the different fiirniaJions and groujis. 'i'lie courses are lettered as follows: Numbor of Courses. Cap and 'I'lip Cour.sc, 'I'riassic Trap and SaiidsUinc. V. Olwin ('cingUinicralu (Car- boniferous). ( Catskill U. i Portage ( Chemung ( Gonesco t-7. . . T.-^ Tally ( Ibuuillon S. Mairc'llus K. Upper llcldcibcrg, or Cur- iiilVrous P. Sclioliaric O. Cauda galli N. (Jriskaiiy 1 13 f) 5 1 1 4 If Number ot Courses. M. Lower Ili'ldeiberg 3 L. Salina. 4 K. Niagara 3 .1. Cliihon 1 I, Medina 4 II. Oneida 1 G. Huilson Hiver !> F. Trenton 1 E. Chavty 1 J). Caleiterous 1 C. Potsdam 1 B. Acadian 3 A, Georgia Base, Areluean (iraiiites and Gneisses. as po en Kg a B 5 y OICAN CUNCLOMfftATC . -3) CCNE9CC. conNircnous CAUDA fl*LU._ Lowcn HciotNBcno \ NtASAftA. 1~^ hUOfiOH nivtn Tnt WTON . ". . CM AIV, CAucircNOifs X l's: COANirc KCCtCVilLl I9LAH0 North fACE. flLEVATION; i OlM*SC. / \ / / \ / \ TnfAM'c , / \ /■ / \ ' \ 1 / / \ / '—A / \ / \ / \ 1 -'V ;=ir-TH —^- ^■-^ 1 OLtAH COMCLOMIW -tV -zzz" ■ ; CATSKILL. i > CXTSklLL. H^ CATSHfLL. "^ CCNCSCe. 1 , ) 1 1 ,.,...., 1 CHEMUNG. H - , 1 CATSaILL. POffTA-.F.. [0- On'a| lo-. „-.| . t J 1 u 1 J 1 v. ■ ^ - 1 V. MAHCCILUS. i CORMIftnOUS F-T-^ p 1 g-T— CAUO* CAUI. ={ 8— r-^ LOWCnilClDEnBCI I p»~ M 1 M 1 SAUNA. 1 I { f L 1 L 1 NlACAflA. fl < 1 ' _ 1 1 <0 1 ? ) MCOIHA. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 ONEID*. „ 1 H ' >■ MUDSOti nivr.rt - 1 5 I 1 4 UTICA. ( 1 1 1 1 TRENTON. CMAIV. ■ 1 1 1 CALCirEdOUS - 1 t Ip 1 '■■ - POTSDAM, c 1 1 1 1 : 1 : ■i f, i' 1 R I CEONQIAM. , 1 1 1 1 5 It 1 ■3 1 ! 1 1 A ! A « It GNEISS •lABlTOOA CO. s. f C«tl5S SARATOGA CO. 1 .1 1 CWAMITC KCESIVIIU CftAHITE Ct(KO?T01 ISLAND E GftAMire CRIHOSTONE CBftNIT CRAhlTC 6ARRIS0MS GRANITE GBANnC GBANIT KEtSr'VIL LE < r ■ 1 , 1 1 r GBAKITE 1 I 1 ■ • . . ' 1 I COLO SPRING 1 1 . . II COLO SPRIMO 1 NORl (i f A CE. West FSCE Sow TH Fa CE [lASI ' Face Elevations of the Geoi.ooical Obelisic erected in the NewYork StateMinino Exhibit. SCALE, 'A'tHcH= 1 Foot. Kepoet ox tue Mines akd Mining Exxiimt. 341 List of Localities from Which Stones Were Obtained foe the Cteological Obelisk. Triassic Diabase. — Gnuid View, Rock- land county. Triassic Sandstone. — Grand View, Roclxland county. Carboniferous Conglomerate. — Oleau, Allegany count}-. Catskill Sandstone. — Roxbuvy, Dela- ware county. Cbemung Sandstone. — Waver!}', Tioga county, Elmira, Cbemung county; Belvi- dere, Allegany count}'; Clean, Allegany county; Belmont, Allegany county. Portage Sandstone. — Rock Glen, Wyom- ing county; Portage, Wyoming county. Oneonta Sandstone. — Oxford, Chenango count}'. Genesee Slate. — South Bristol, Ontario county. TuUy Limestone. — Tully, Onondaga couuty. Hamilton Sandstone. — Saugerties, Ul- ster county ; Maiden, Ulster county ; Kingston, Ulster county. Marcellus Shale. — Le Roy, Genesee count}'. Ccrniferous Limestone. — Buffalo. Erie couuty, LeRoy, Genesee county; Cobles- kill, Schoharie county. Schoharie Grit. — Imitated.* Cauda galli Grit. — Imitated.* Orislvany Sandstone. — Oriskany Falls, Oneida county. Lower Helderberg. — South Bethlehem, Albany county. Salina Gypsum. — Oakfleld, Genesee county. Salina Salt. — LeRoy, Genesee county. Salina Shale. — Livonia (imitated),* Liv- ingston county. Niagara Limestone. — Rochester, Mon- roe county ; Lockport, Niagara county. Niagara Shale. — Rochester, Monroe county. Clinton Sandstone. — Clinton, Oneida county. Clinton Limestone. — Rochester, Mon roe county. Medina Sandstone. — Medina, Orleans county. Oneida Conglomerate. — C'liutou, Oneida county. Hudson River Sandstone. — Duanes- burg, Schenectady county. Utica Slate. — Fort Plain, Jlontgomery county. Trenton Limestone. — Prosjiect, Oneida county ; Lowville, Lewis county ; Chau- mout, .Jefferson county ; Glens Falls, Warren county. Chazy Limestone. — Norwood, St. Law- rence couuty ; Willsboro, Esse.x county ; Whitehall, Washington county. Calciferous Limestone. — Rochdale, Dutchess county; Canajoharie, Montgom- ery count}' ; Sandy Hill, Washington county ; Saratoga, Saratoga county. Potsdam Sandstone. — Potsdam, St. Lawrence county ; Keeseville, Essex county ; Fort Ann, Washington county. Potsdam Limestone. — • Poughkeepsie, Dutchess county. Acadian Limestone. — Stissing, Dutch- ess county. Georgia Slate. — ■ Middle Granville, Washington county. Georgia Limestone. — Greenwich, Wash- ington county. Georgia Quartzite. — Stissing, Dutchess county. Pedestal. Pre-canibrian Gneiss. — Saratoga, Sara- toga county. Red Granite. — Grindstone Island, Jef- ferson couuty ; Sing Sing, Westchester county. Green noi'ite or Labradorite Granite. — Keeseville, Essex county. Gray Granite. — Garrisons, Putnam county. Pre-cambrian Putnam county Base. Granite. - - Cold Spring, GROUP 45. — gaenet. The garnet which is mined or quarried in 'New York State is found in and near tlie valley of tlie n]iper Hudson river, in Warren county on the borders of the Adirondack region. It occurs in a formation of erystalHne Hinestone which appears to form tlie bedrock of this valley in the vicinity of North Creek and Minerva, and in gneissic rocks which adjoin or are intercolated with the crystalline limestone. It is * The material which could be obtained was not solid enough to be cut. 342 New '^'okk at 'niio W(iklj)'s (^)niMiirAN Exposition. found in masses of varyiiifi; sizes, from that of a pigeon's egg to a (lianuiter of twenty feet. It is classified as massive garnet and sliell garnet, the former being imjjnro from the admixture of otlier min- erals, the lattei' almost entirely pure and the most vakiable for eom- mereial ])urposes. Its chief use is in the manufacture of sandpaper M'hich is used in slioc factories for finisliing soles, and is preferred to ordinary (juart/, sandjiaper on account of tlie ready cleavage of the garnet, which enables itto])resent as it breaks away new and sharp cutting edges, whereas (piartz, which has no cleavage, becomes dulled with friction. Thei'o are two firms working garnet properties in Warren county, H. Belir & Sons and Crehore Brothers of North Creek. OoNTRIIUITOUS OF CtAUNKT. 1). liyiich, Minerva; massive garnet. ]I. BcUr & Sons, New York. OUOUl" 4-0. — GRAPHITE. The only deposits of commercial importance are in the towns]ii]i of Ticonderoga, near the northern extremity of Lake George. These jM'opei'ties are all controlled liy the Dixon Crucible Co. of New Jersey. Formerly large (piantities of graphite in masses of considerable size were obtained from a formation of white crystalline limestone not far from the village of Ticonderoga. This locality is said to be exhausted, and is no longer operated by the company. At present a graphitic schist containing a comparatively small percentage of graphite is extcMisively worked at a locaJity a few miles west of Rogers' I'ock. 1"'lie giviphite of New York is of line quality and is used in the man- ufacture of ])encils, crucibles and for all the other purposes for which this substance is employed. CoNTRIBUTOE. Dixon Crucible Co., Ticond(;rogii. Offiee, Jer.scy City, N. J. liEI'OIlT ON THE GEOLOGY AND GEOGIIAPIIY OF THE CLAYS OF NEW YOIIK EXHIBITED IN THE DEPAET- MENT OF MINES AND MINING. By HEINRICH RIES, Pa. B. Deposits of clay*occur in nearly every county of New York. They belong to throe geological periods, viz. : Quaternary, Tertiary and Cretaceous. Clays of the first period are by far the most common ; those of the second period are still somewhat doubtful, but a large number of the Long Island beds may belong here. Of the third period there are undoubted representatives on Ijong Island and Staten Island. Report on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 343 The clays of tlie mainland ai'c all Quaternaiy, so far as is known. The problems of the Quaternary formations in New York are by no means solved, and it is not always possible to decide on tiie causes lead- ■ing to the deposition of any particular body of clay liy a single visit t ; the locality. A great number of the deposits are local and Ijabin-shaped, lying in. the Ijottom of the valleys, which are often broad and fertile. They vary in depth from four to twenty or even fifty feet; as a rule they are underlain by drift or by bedrock. The clay is generally of a blue or liluish gray color, the upper few feet being ■weathered mostly to a red or yellow. Stratification is rare, Init streaks of marl are common. In some of the beds small pebbles are found, usually of limestone, and these have to be eliminated by special processes in the manufacture. In many cases the clay is covered by a foot or more of peat. The basin-shaped deposits are no doubt the sites of former ponds or lakes, formed in many instances hj the damming up of the valleys, and which have been tilled later with sediment of the streams from the retreating ice sheet. The valleys in which these deposits lie are usually broad and shallow. The broad valley of the Genesee I'iver between Mt. Morris and Rochester is an instance. The waters of the river were backed up by the receding glacier for a time, during which the valley was converted into a lake in whicli a large amount of aluminous sediment was deposited. The material has Ijeen employed for common brick. An idea of the depth of the clay and alluvinm in the Genesee valley may be had froui the following table. The figures have been taken from records of salt wells : Piffard, Genesee Salt Co., clay and gravel 64 feet. Yoi'k, York Salt Co., clay ' 52 " Pitfard, Livin'gston Salt Co., soil 158 " Cuylerville, soil 154 " Mt. Morris, Royal Salf Co., soil 184 " For other localities the following data are given : Aurora, Idue clay 15 " Wyoming, Pioneer well, soil and clay .' 40 " Tiiere are a number of the clay dejiosits which are of sufficient interest geologically, as well as commei'cially, to be mentioned in some detail. Around Bnffalo is an extensive series of flats underlain l}y red clay. A thin layer of sand overlies tlic clay, and is of suitable quality for tempering and m ilding. Similar deposits occur at several localities to tiie north of the well-known ridge road and around Niagara Falls, Tonawanda and La Salle, to the north of Bnffalo, as well as south of the city, along the lake sliore. Prof, ilall mentions deposits of clay at the following locdities : At Linden, one mile south of Yates Centre ; along the shore of Lake Ontario, east of Lewiston ; on Casharpia creek deposits of tenacious clay occur from the cruml)ling of tenacious green shales ; in Niagaivi county beds of clay are said to occur in every town, but they often con- tain considerable quantities of lime. 344 New Yokk at tiik Wokld's Columbian Exposition. A bed of bliiu and rod clay is heing utilized at New Brighton, near Rochester. The dejiosit lios neartho head of Iron(le(|noit hay, and was deposited by some stream flowing into it. Clays are also found at several points in the valley of the Oswego river, between Oswego and Syracuse, an important one being at Three Rivers. At Watertown there is an extensive deposit of clay, some twenty acres in extent, and of a red and gray color. The bed is twenty feet thick and rests on the Trenton limestone. jVnother extensive bed of clay is being worked at Ogdensburg. It is bhie in color, somewhaf sandy, and sixty feet thick. A similar dej)Osit occurs at Madi'id, in St. Lawrence count)-. Turning our attention to the southern portion of the State, we find ■clays in abundance in all the valleys and lowlands. The extensive marshes near Connewaiigo and Randol])h are said to be underlain by clay throughout their entire extent. At Levant, near Jamestown, is an interesting bed of clay several acres in extent. It is jirobably of post-glacial age, and the section, as determined by boi'ing, is: Yellow sand 4 feet. Quicksand 4 inches. Yellow clay '. 6 feet. Blue clay ." Yo feet. llardpan At Breesport, near Elmira, is a bank of blue clay rising from the valley to a height of fifty feet. It was evidently formed when the valley Avas dammed uj), and has subsequently been much eroded, so that a comparatively narrow terrace along the side of the valley is all that renuiins. A similar deposit is found at Newfield, south of Ithaca. Dejjosits of clay, suitable for brick and tile, are conmion in the low- lauds bordering the Mohawk river from Rome to Schenectady. The beds vary in thickness from six to fifteen feet, and the clay is mostly of a red, blue or gray color. Among the most extensive and important deposits are those of the Hudson river valley. Hero are deposits of two types : Estuary dejiosits of fine sand, yellow anil blue stratified clay, and cross-bedded delta dej)0sits, the materials of which are much coarser. The estuary deposits indicate a period of depression and deposition of the clay in quiet water. The clay is mostly blue, but where the underlying sand is wanting, it is weathered to yellow, this latter often extending to a depth of fifteen feet bek)W the surface, and to a still greater depth along the line of cravks down which the water can percolate. Ihe depth of oxidation is infinenced by the nature of the clay, and the upper portion 'weathers easily on account of its sandy nature and loose texture. Horizontal stratification is present and the layers of clay are sepa- rated by extremely thin laniiiuoj of sand. At some localities the layers of the clay are very thin and alternate with equally thin layers of sand. e e r ■ ■' 3^ lis I'BRISI YLh aMJ HRENCI ATUE ■■REPUBLIC Eepoet ox the Mixes axd Mixing Exhibit. 3io This condition is found at Haverstraw, Croton, Dutchess Junction. Stony Point, Fishkill, Cornwall, Xew "Windsor, Catskill and Port Ewen. At all the above-mentioned localities, except the last two, the clay is overlain by the delta deposits of streams tributary to the Hud- son, and this alternation of layers maj' be due to the variation of the flow of -rivers em])tyiug at that point, the sandy layers l)eing deposited during layers of flood. The delta of Catskill creek has been found at Leeds, some two miles west of the Hudson river, and the delta of Roudout creek, which flows into the Hudson at Port Ewen, will no doubt be found by following the creek back to the old shore line of the estuary. Isolated ice-scratched bowlders are not uncommonly found in the clay. They were probably dropped by icebergs floating down the estuary to the sea. There is sometimes a sharp distinction between the yellow or weathered and the blue or unweatliered portion of the clay. The line of separation also between the clay and the overlying sand is often veiy sharp. The blue clay is more plastic than the yellow, but both effervesce readily \vith acid, o\ving to the presence of three to six per cent of carbonate of lime, and are, therefore, properly speak- ing, marly clays. The clays are underlain by a bed of gravel, till or bedrock. From Catskill northward, the clay is in most instances covered l)y Imt a foot or two of soil. South of Catskill the cliaracter of the overlying maie- rial varies. The thickness of the clays varies as the following flgures will show : Eddvville Blue clay 10 feet. LefeVer Falls Blue clay 4:2 " Dutchess Junction Blue clay 13U " Posendale Blue clay 30 " Eoseton " Blue clay 233 " Haverstraw Blue clay 150 " All the streams tributary to the Hudson liave at an early period built extensive deltas, which remain to tlie present day and form ter- races along the sides of the valley, which in many instances, as, for example, at Xewburgh and Haverstraw, served as sites for towns and cities. To Ijriefly mention the origin of these clay deposits : Subsequent to the retreat .of the glacier which covered the continent there was a depression of the land, which amounted to SO feet at j^ew York city and 240 feet at Albany. During this period a great amount of plastic clay was deposited, produced by the glacial attrition of the sliales and limestones to the nortli. Tlic latter, no doulit, give the clay its marly cliaracter. The upper portion of the clay is more siliceous, and overlying it, as already stated, is a bed of sand, indicating a change in the nature of the material waslied into the estuary. During the period of sulunergence miicli of the siliceous matter washed into the estuary was deposited at the moutliS of the tributary streams, thus form- 346 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. ing deltas. It has been suggested by Dr. F. J. H. Merrill that the cliange in the estuary deposits was due to an elevation of the land, thus exposing an area around the basin which would aiTord more siliceous matter. Tlie clays of the Chaniplaiu valley are estuary formations of the same age as the Hudson river clays. They undei-lie the terraces along the lake, which have been elevated to a height of 300 or more feet above the lake's surface. These terraces may be traced almost continu- ously from Whitehall, at the head of the lake, to its northern end and beyond, but on account of tlie extensive erosion that has taken place they are usually nari'ow, and it is only at sheltei-ed points like Fort Kent and Beaufort that they are specially prominent. The section involved is yellowish Ijrown sand, yellowish brown clay and stiff blue clay, the latter being rather calcareous, while the upper clay is somewhat siliceous. Long Island Clays. The clay beds are exposed along the north shore of the island and at several points on the main line of the Long Island railroad. With the exception of four similar deposits on the north shore all the clay beds are rather unique in appearance. The most western clay outcrop on Long Island of which we have any knowledge is on Elm Point. There is here a bed of stoneware clay thirty to forty feet thick and overlain by hfteen to twenty feet of yellow gravel and drift. The ela}' is of a dark gray color and contains streaks of lignite. The deposit will no doubt prove to be of Cretaceous age. Another outcrop of clay of high quality is at Glen Cove in Hemp- stead harbor, and has long been known to be of Ci'etaceous age. The layers are blue, red, black and yellow and dip north ten to fifteen degrees. Near this locality and on the shore of Mosquito Inlet is an outcrop of pinkish cla}', used for fire Ijriek and stoneware. Dipping under it to the east is a bed of alternating layers of clay and quartz pebbles, the latter in layers from four inches to one foot in thickness. Associated with this is a bed of kaolin, but the exact relations of the two deposits are not known. Kaolin also outcrops from under tlie gravels on the west shore of Hempstead harbor. On Centre Island in Oyster Bay we find the most western outcrop of a number of clay beds which are veiy similar ; the others are at East jSTeck, Fresh Pond and Fisher Island. The clay on Centre Island is of two kinds, a lower bluish clay and an upper brown sandy clay. Overlying this latter is a stratified sand used for tempering and mold- ing. Wliite fire clay is also said to occur on Centre Island. At Jones' brickyard on the east shore of Cold Spring harbor is a thick deposit of clay. The lower portion is tough and contains little sand. The upper portion is more sandy and of a brown color. The clay bank is o^-er 100 feet high. There is a deposit of fire clay and stoneware clay at Little Neck near Northport. It is of yellowish white and blue in color and stratified, the layers being separated liy thin sheets of sand. Overlying the clay is a deposit of sandy kaolin. The ontcrop is of Cretaceous age. Sev- Eepoet on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 347 eral species of Cretaceous leaves have been found in the clay. At Fresh Pond the clay beds crop out along the shore for a distance of half a mile. They are brownish and red in color, the latter being more sandy. Sand overlies the clay. One of the niost interesting clay banks is that on Fisher's Island. The clay is of a reddish brown color similar to that on Centre Island, and in its original condition was horizontally sti-atiiied and overlain by twenty to thirty feet of laminated sand. But the whole deposit has been disturbed by the ice sheet passing over it, and the clay layers have been ground and crumpled. A thick bed of glacial clay occurs at Sontlnjld, and near it is a bed of potter's clay. At West Deer Park is a bank of clay twenty feet in thickness, the upper portion of which is yellow and red, while the lower portion is black and burns to a white color. About four miles west of this locality is another bank thirty to forty feet thick of a yellow and red color. Micaceous sand underlies it. The region around East Williston and IIicks^dlle is underlain by clay which is usually encountered a few feet below the surface. Staten Island Clats. These are chiefly of Cretaceous ages, and outcrop at Kreischerville, Gi-een Pid^e and Arrochar. Besides the clays there are several kaolin deposits. These clays are a continuation of the well-known belt which extends across Xew Jerse}-. They occur as irregularly shaped masses in the sand, and vary in thickness from ten to sixty feet. Beds of glacial clay also occur on Staten Island and are used for brickmaking. Analysis of JSTev.' Yoek Clats. By HERMAN VULTE, Ph. D. LOCALITY. O o o cm I Glens Falls red clay . . . Rochester red clay Buffalo Hornellsville shale Breesport Newfield -. Oakland VaUey Warwick East Williston West Neck brown clay, Southold Fisher Island West Deer Park Farminsdale : Alfred Centre clay . . . . Anijola shale Elm Point Glen Cove Little Neck Kreischerville Kreischerville kaolin.. . 62.23 .50.55 57. m M.45 .92.48 51.30 3r..50 53.00 09.73 01 01 59.00 53 77 59 83 02 .39 53.20 65.15 62.00 70 45 62.60 64.26 82 51 16.01 15.46 10. ao 17 77 16.78 12.21 54.00 23.0 10.42 19.23 22.11 20.49 24 45 23.60 23 25 15. an 18 09 21.74 18.00 24 70 11.57 6.96 4 38 4.55 7.04 6.79 3.32 2.58 5 43 6. .54 9 23 Tr. s.m 10 90 6.10 5.40 1.72 97 83 63 1.24 10.95 5. .34 58 6.63 11.63 3. 7 1.66 0.90 2.19 4 22 0'.23 0.70 1.01 3 .90 1 05 0.24 79 0.73 0.29 2.21 3.35 3.90 1.85 3.. 99 4.73 50 8.60 0.69 1.88 2 54 2.04 0.59 0.10 62 1..57 Tr. 0..30 Tr. 0.78 5.08 0.80 6.98 4.47 7.16 4.33 4.'io 6.27 4.60 6.22 9 60 8.75 5 89 3 70 5.71 6.11 5.00 2 23 2.35 2.66 1 50 5.00 9.70 4.28 0.52 93.73 90.99 94.33 93.43 89 02 100.9 97.35 93.11 98.75 99.35 98.18 96.07 99 91 97.38 92.71 99.45 SI. 74 92 93 98.44 348 JSTew Yoek at the World's Columbiajst Exposition. Analysis of Clays and Shales. LOCALITY. Croton Landing Cl'oton Landmg Verplank yellow clay . . Rondout Banytown Catskill blue clay Coeymans blue clay . . . Flattsburgh ■Waterto\\Ti Ogdensburg Warner's calcareous shale . Waraer's red shale. . . Warner's blue shale. . Warner's clay Warner's cement clay Warner's cement clay Warner's cement clay Warner's cement clay Warner's cement clay Warner's cement clay 63.80 57.74 SO. 93 67.80 59.81 59 G 51,10 65.14 64.39 49.30 25.40 53.80 57.79 45.35 45.13 43.19 40.00 41.78 41.70 44.00 14.66 36.31 36.87 3.6 3.00 9 3 4.6 4.9 21.00 17.65 13 33 14.40 17.47 9.46 18 85 16 15 13.19 13.79 14.63 35.03 16.09 18.34 17.33 7.35 6 47 7.65 5.00 6.33 3.24 6 65 6,20 4.41 O d O 3 98 3 93 2,52 4,85 4.35 3.75 7.45 2.18 3.60 33.81 3.36 2.73 10.99 13 01 13.36 7.13 13.40 13 71 11.74 1.05 1.04 1.56 2 07 2 29 .96 .87 2 36 1 .31 4.87 10 30 4.49 4 67 6.38 7.21 7.05 3.67 5,88 6.03 6,83 + O J2; M ■3 -S .Ms 13.68 8.. 51 4.66 9.83 .95 6.00 5.33 4.40 6.64 7.60 5.30 4 50 8 90 29.96 3.04 3.43 7.24 Tr. Tr. 95.45 S9.81 99.88 •^^\ -fc» .3 itaa r::^ '^c'. "t "^>* "'^ ' 1 Repoet on the Mines and Mininw Exhibit. 349 H P^ S ^." ii5 & op's 15 g S o ^ Q 1 1 li Ifin ^ OtaK cc c a E- ^ :) K ^ ^'■*3 he S III KS^ E- O P R O « Oh ° I H K a s ^ g. 3 H ^ ^ t [4' S^^ o 6SS |x Is ^ ooa H ^ c ^ iz; U *"■ v~s dnr — >-^ = r^ i? 3J 2 n o "^ So ^ PHmm u 1 1 1 l«Mg PhCOM M o a K W III w -t>=^'= Ch S 5 -5 OHa 1:4 O 1 1 1 1 a>>>1 >>>;>>(.> ;>.><><>.W>< = c c c c _ ^ :? s: E- P > jZi s^sis: ^ a; u i> ij ij 2j = = =;s:=:z= _OCJO CJCJ OO — -OOO OO OO <«=«' ;m : ;^oooooooofi:.HOoc:; Qfef^i 3 - a: c .-, id e SI : c o o ooooooo(Da> oooooocoo gli"5 a^ P t. oi -,5! gSgow.S^i^g'^ -|E|H ■SSS.3 O ^ CJ.3 « O'S > H 3 in S og Em p s OO 350 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Esposition. +3 -^4^4l> ca ■ n a c • 0'Z3 Q p CO ;o^^vh=m=^^ Uh <4-l <4- O 't-l '-4- o o o o o o o o o o r: o— c o o o 5 c 5 ^ ^ c o c o o o O o o o mxnm WW toco WWW xnxnm WWW WW 02 to MS OO OO 000000000000(1(OPhOOOO(1j>,>j^f>,>j^>^^ Ijlfc^ &&&£:£:&& SSSfc&fcfc^^ ^ 1 1 1 1 1 -ill I >> ffi ■ - o . o o ogl-:fe o c C li OJ OOO OOOOOOOOOQOODOOOOOOOOOOODOa2C fc'B OOO Ox Of=ife&,BOO IS ^ o ^w >» t- c £ ^ "* - o b"" S? Ef ^i^ lie si BOhJO<><>- !" >H ><>, JH^ oooo c p-1 oo C w n WWWWWWWWW "^ w wwwwwwwwwww ccCnaixxKcoa CO oo m-H'Ji-T-'Jis.'s^-j-.-r.ir.-ji o oooooooocoo coco oo ooco coo . Q - v: y: ;^ v: 7: 7] >^ S S : S 3 5 0=>i biccHooc >i^ * ?«aJSSi!SS£S.Si--o oco-o o oo OODOO OOfcODOOOfe b oooooodoo :o a-5 z5 i .^a o-i •£ob o o_= y. a c 3 s -r O OO 352 !tfBW YoEK AT THE Woeld's Columbian Exposition. &:J:;SB:iSiS^^^^iSiS^ g:g:g:&^g: -SfJisS: S O o b ^ !U ^ >< t^ t" >^ >'i» o o '^ O OO OOOOOOOOOCOOD COOOHhOK OOO S g S SS m in zn in'H x/im'j:i'Ji-XLm'-Ji'Jiv:i'ji'Ji-ii'-Ji p-_*OOOOOOOOOCOO^,^ :OOOCOO OOO ooooooooooooo •o OOOOOfe rt H .a :M 3 - S^ O 3 in o 3V a er cB o s ° £ P 5 O =3 Ht4fflW O' z ■y5 < H a: o Eepoet ux the Mixes axd Mixixg Exhibit. 353 &^!Sg:^&&: ^^^^^^%^^-^-;S^ ^^^'^^ is &^ ^O^S ^ ^ ^ ^ S:o 00& •^yA \A t^i^^^ ^ ^ idi^ ^-'M'v'V^ a::oxxa;o5 o33o^^Sooxx aDxxxx- x xx xSxx x x x x x^ o5a ^S4^^ ^ ^ j^ '^ ^.H :« :n OOOOiliOO OCOOOOOOCQO OCSCO 5-, oPcrH o o r^ o cxIhP-ho xxxxxxx xxxxxxx-txxx m^-jiaiai x xx xP&x -r. 'Ji t. -j^ 'Jir^'s.-Ji^ ai :«zzzzzzz~ -zzzzzzzzzz- 53UJf if 5z-z~ ' — :r. - -T. - ' OOOoOOOO OOOOOODDDpO DDOOO O OD (iiOO OO O O O feOObO ^ 3 S 2 ifilJii l!lll ^ - i = J 5-^ •= 9 CO .^ i-^ =0 s S X h£ x-r ■5 i-a X = - - >, .^-3 ^ =& [3 csx5a X Sz S 3p3b5 X S: ■ -s. ^ ^6 : :a 5 ^- — = feiSxza 45 354 NlOW YoKK AT TIUO WoULD's COLUMBIAN Exi-OSITIUN. a o H W M~ K O I M O H O O '.a u o Sco 888 Sk 888 8 8_;s 8 8'3 TJ'O'O ■ "O te 'C 'S "^ 'O T3 'C '^ 'O "C "^ "^ "^ "T T" T^'t^ "^ l88g l8§8S8888?l8>?:!Ef :.i:: 093310 01 CO coca CO cocococo cococo MMM^ -M MMMMMMWMKMMMMMMKM cococoO OcoQoscocotococococococQcocoxcocococo tH : : : ;ki PM : : : :o .id : : • -ii OOOOOAh(L|0 oooo ooo OOOt< 0(MOOOOOPhOOOOOCOOOOCO CO to CO 03 CO to IE to COCOCOCO COCOCO : : :0< ::::::::••■::::••:•■ : : :o :::::::::::::::::::: cotoeoco tfj'V; 'i' to to 01 tc tote to to to to to to to to CO to to OOOOOOOOOi^OOO (jk-if^o:' 111 iL 1. 1, 1. 1, .1, .1, ^, ^5 ,11 ,.. H. ^ 4) 4; 4) g li qj (1) , !> ■I' ■!> ■I' l- D 'U a; 5 U 4i 1) I*', !^, 1^, '^, 'A 'A 'A Yi 'A 'A V-i *A 'A^AiWAi ' O O O O O O O O O C' C C' O C' C C' c o o o >', ^', !< ^'f 'A 'A V, y, 'A 'A /, y, y, y, y, y, y, y, y> y. ot:)Ooyoooo ooo oooo ooooooooooooooooooooo;,oo |S:i|"|5|, ,Mtf3->ioJSc3«w!^ ^' Ki--;i2-ioiSioM 'S (U) §8 * Ph ^'.O : : :g lis Eepoet ox the Mixes and Mining Exhibit. 355 CATAu>fiUE OF Clays in New Yoke State Mining Exhibit. BRICK CLAYS. A Mosell, Lockport; clay. A. JlcClejin, Ctitskill; clay and tempci- ins: sand. JIcCabe-Bros., Green Ridge; clay. ]\Ieclianicville Brick Co., Mccbanicvillc; clay. M. ilyer.s. Farmiugdalc; clay and sand. Nowtou Bros., Crescent; clay. New York Paving Brick Co.. Syracuse; clay and brick. S. B. Campbell, Newfield; clay and pav- ing brick. Empire State Brick Co., Breesport; clay. Dunn, Dolan & Co.. Oyster Bay, L. I.; clay. Excelsior Brick Co.. Haverstraw: clay and tempering sand. Fisher's Island Brick Co. ; clay and tem- pering sand. Flagler & Allen. Arlington: clay. H. L. Garret, South Trenton; clay. W. Hilton; clay and brick. H. C. Gricmes, Amsterdam; clay. rinrnellsville Brick Co.; shale and pav- ing lirick. Dr. Oliver .Jones, Cold Spring; clay. G. Longbottom, Fresh Pond; clay. TERRA COTTA CLAY. Celadon Terra Cotfei Co., Alfred Cen- tre; clav and roofinsr tile. Glens Falls Terra Cotta Co., Glens Falls; terra cotta. New York Anderson Pressed Brick Co., Stateu Island; terra cotta. • New York Architecture Terra Cotta Co., Long Island City. STONEWARE CLAY. Carpenter Bros.. Glen Cove. Northport Fire Sand Manufacturing Co.. Northport. G. W. 3Iahan, Great Neck, L. I. Ogden Brick Co., Binghaniton; clay. Onondaga Vitrified Brick Co.. Warners; clay and bricks. .1. Quimet, Pl.-ittsburgh; clay. B. F. Peck, E. Bethany; clay and drain tile. A[. Riesterer, Tonawanda; clay. Rochester Brick and Tile Co. , Roches- ter; clay. C. L. Sanford, Soutbold; clay and brick. B. Sigler. Clailisou-, clay. William Stoutner. Gloversville; clay. W. A. U. Briclv Co., Croton Landing; clay, sand and front and enameled brick. F. M. Van Dusen, Glasco; clay and sand. W. II. Vernon. Florida; clay. Watertown Pressed Brick Co., Water- town; clay. Paige Bros., Ogdensburg; clay. Wyandance Brick and Terra Cotta Co., Wyaudance, L. I. ; claj', brick and hollow brick. Robert Watson; clay. Adams Brick Co., Buffalo; clay. New York Anderson Pri'ssed Brick Co., Staten Island; clay and brick. William Bolton, Evans; cla_y. W. H. Bostwick. Spencer; clay. Brush Bros., Buffalo; clav anil brick. Buffalo Star Brick Co., Bnffalo; clay. Brush & Smith, Jewettville; shale, raw and ground, and brick (dry press). Burke it Mead, Canandaigua; clay and dry press brick. FIKE CLAY. Kreisc-her Bros., Staten and tire brick. Island; clay KAOLIN. Staten Island Kaolin Co., Staten Island. Carpenter Bros., Glen Cove. SEWER PIPE, HOLLOW BRICK. P. Hayne, Goshen; clay and sewer pipe. .1. E. Mecusker & Son, Jamestown; clay and hollow brick. J. Lyth & Sons. Angolia; shale and hollow brick. ' ALBANY SLIP. New York State Drain Tile Works, Albany; clay, also drain tile. QUARTZ PEBBLES. Carpenter Bros., Glen Cove, L. I. FIRE SiU^D. Kreischer Bros., Staten Lsland. Carpenter Bros., Glen Cove. Northport Fire Sand Manufactui'ing Co. Glass Saku. The two chief sources of tliis material in New York are at EUen- ville, Ulster cmiiity, and Dtirlianiville, Oneida county. At the former locality the cjuan-ies are operated by tJie Crystal Sand Manufacturing 356 ISTew Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Comijany. The saud is obtained from the Shawaiigunk grit, which is crushed to exceeding fineness. Much of the product is sent to the glass works at Corning. Large glass sand deposits of Quaternary age occur at Durhaniville, near Oneida lake. They are operated \)j William Williams. The sand is not as white nor as fine as that from Ellenville and is nsed for the commoner grades of glassware. Much of it is shipped to Lock- port. The sand contains ninety-seven to ninety-seven and five-tenths per cent Si02. Specimens were exhibited from the above localities. Feldspar and Quartz. Feldspar and quartz are quarried at Bedford, Westchester county, and are used in the manufacture of pottery. Contributor of Feldspar and Quartz. Mr. Kinkel, Bedford. Mineral Paints. The mhieral paints of New York State are from comparatively few localities, and are manufactured from rocks of three difterent formations : 1. From Clinton iron ore. 2. From Cambrian red and green slate. 3. From Chemung shale. No statistics of production are furnished by the manufacturers. Contributors. Clinton Metallic Paint Co., Clinton. I Elko Mining and Milling Co., Ran- Robert Hall; paint from red and green 1 dolph : green, blue, brown and 3'ellow ground slate, Whitehall. | paint from ground shales. . Fibrous Talc. This materia], used extensively in the manufacture of paper, is entirely derived from localities in St. Lawrence county. Contributor. Asbestos Pulp Company, Gouverneur ; long and short fibre talc and ground talc. JivIMES AND CEMENTS. GROUP 47. This group is of great importance in New York State. Lime is made at innumerable localities on the outcrops of the great limestone formations of New York State. No better idea of the distribution of the lime and cement industry can be given than by saying it is chiefiy o z Q s Report on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 35 1 located in the vicinity of all branches of the ISTew York Centi'al rail- road in the State of JSTew York. This fact is dne to the influence of limestone belts in determining the pliysical geogi'aphy of tJie State and conseijiiently of the most available lines for the construction of railroads. The lime industry is an intermittent one, there being only a few localities where the business of making lime is followed thronghont the year. Of these, Sing Sing and Pleasantville in Westcliester county, Howe's Cave and Glens Falls are perhaps the most important from tlie commercial standpoint. At innumerable localities, however, lime kilns are operated intermittently to supply the local demand. The principal manufactures of hydraulic cement are those of Rosendale near King- ston on the Hudson. The industry at this locality is very large and the product is of world-wide reputation. At Howe's Cave an hydraulic cement of excellent quality is manufactured. Tlie manufacture of Portland cement, whicli is essentially a combination of carbonate of lime and clay, is an industry of some importance in New York State. One of the principal manufactories is at Warners, Onondaga county. Conteibutors of Limes and Cements, Pleasantville; crude Cornell Lime Co, and burned lime. Mrs. 31. K. Anthony, Union Springs; lime. Rosendale Cement Co., Rosendale; ce- ment, rock, crude, burned and powdered. Lawrence Cement Co., Rosendale: same as above. N. Y. & Kewarlc Cement Co., Rosen- dale; same as preceding. Buffalo Cement Co.; hydraulic lime- stone, crude and burnt. Mrs. Mary Richardson Anthony,, Union Springs; hydraulic limestone. Empire Portland Clement Co., Warners; marl, clay and cement. ■SALT AND GYPSUM. GROUP is. A detailed description of the salt and gypsum deposits of New York is given in bi:lletin of JSTew York State Museum, No. 11, by Frederick J. H. Merrill. The following specimens were exhibited : ROCK SALT. Retsof Salt Co., Retsof; different grades of salt mined. Lehigh Salt Mining Co.; same as above. BRINE SALT. Atlantic Salt Co., "Warsaw. Duncan Salt Co., Silver Springs. Empire Salt C'o., AVarsaw. Genesee Salt Co.. Piffard. Guinlock & Ilumplire)', Warsaw. Ha-.vlev Salt Co., Warsaw. Kerr Salt Co.. Rock Glen. Leroj' Salt Co., Leroy. Onondaga Coarse Salt Association, Syr- acuse. Pearl Creek Salt Co., Pearl Creek. Perry Salt Co., Perry. Royal Salt Co., Mt. Morris. Warsaw Salt Co., Warsaw. York Salt Co., York. GYPSUM. Cayuga Plaster Co., L^nion Springs. J. "W" Garbutt, Garbuttsville. W. C. Hurd, Fayettcville. Also, gypsum from Mumford, Caledo- nia and Port Gibson, but the names of the contributors were not on the speci- mens. 358 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. The mineral waters of ISTew York State are so well known as to require no comment, but an entire case was devoted to samples from the various springs and wells, representing an industry of considerable financial value. Adirondack Mineral Springs (H. V. Knight), Whitehall, Washington county. Avon Sulphur Spi-ings (O. D. Phelps), Avon, Livingston county. Artesian Lithia Spring (0. 0. McCreedy), Ballston Spa, Saratoga countj'. Cairo White Sulphur Spring (H. K. Lyon), Cairo, Greene county. Caj'uga Mineral Spring (Lucius Bald- win), Cayuga, Cayuga county. Chittenango White Sulphur Springs (W. H. Young), Chittenango, Madison county. Chlorine Springs (J. L. Grover), Syra- cuse, Onondaga count}'. Clifton Springs (Dr. Henry Foster), Clifton Springs, Ontario county. Dansville Springs (J. Arthur Jackson, Secretary and Manager), Dansville, Liv- ingston county. Deep Rock Spring (Deep Kock Spring Co.), Oswego, Oswego county. Massena Springs (Sheddon & Stearns), Miissena, St. Lawrence county. Nunda Mineral Springs (Daniel Price), Nunda, Livingston county. Reid's Mineral Spring (J. R. McNeil), South Argyle, Washington count}'. Richfield Springs (T. R. Proctor), Rich- field Springs, Otsego county. Champion Spring (J. Z. Formel), Sara- toga Springs, Saratoga county. Empire Spring (H. W. Hayes, Man- ager), Saratoga Sprina's, Saratoga county. Excelsior Spring (F. W. Lawrence), Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county. Geyser Springs (Geyser Spring Co.), Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county. Hathoru Spring (Hathorn Spring Co.), Saratoga Spring?, Saratoga county. Old Red Spring (E. H. Peters, Superin- tendent), Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county. Vichy Springs (L. A. James, Superin- tendent), Saratoga Springs, Saratoga county. Sharon Springs (John H. Gardner & Son), Sharon Spring.s, Schoharie county. Slaterville Magnetic Springs (W. .J. Cams & Son), Slaterville, Tompkins county. Verona Mineral Springs (A. A. Hunt, M. D.), Verona, Oneida county. Victor Spring (H. J. Dickinson, Buf- falo), Darien Centre, Genesee count}'. White Sulphur Springs (T. C. Luther), Ballston Spa, Saratoga county. IRON ORES. CtEoup 49. The iron ores of New York are fully described in Bulletin No. 7 of tlie New York State Museum, by Pi-of. J. C. Suiock. In this report full statistical information is given concerning these ores up to the date of puoiication. The following is a catalogue of the exhibit : MAGNETITE. Chateaugay Ore and Iron Co. , Chateau- gay ; crude ore and concentrate. Magnetic Iron Ore Co. ; crude ore, con- centi'ates and t".ilings. Port Henry Iron Ore Co. ; crude ore. Witherliee, Sherman & Co. ; crude ore. Tilly Foster Iron Mine ; crude ore. HEMATITE. Clinton Iron Ore Co., Clinton; crude ore. Furnaceville Iron Co., Ontario; crude ore. LIMONITE. Tower & Bro., Poughkeepsie ; A. E, crude ore Ancram Iron Ore Co., Ancram ; crude ore, SIDERITE. Hudson River Ore and Iron Co. (Bur- den) ; crude and roasted ore. Eepoet on the Mines and Mining Exhibit. 359 INDIYIDUAL EXHIBITS. GEOUP 42. Crum, A. B., Middleville ; crystals, car- bon and liquid inclusions, etc. Egleston, Prof. , New York ; minerals and materials used in liiines. Englisii, Geo. L. , ic Co. , New York; min- eral specimens, gems and precious stones. Kunz. Geo. F., New York ; cabinet of meteorites, mineral collections. New York Mineralogical Club, New York ; minerals and rocks from New Y'ork island. New York State ; mineral specimens. Tiffany & Co., New York; a. collection of minerals systematically arranged; l>. collection cut and uncut gems and precious stones. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Rochester ; a. collection of minerals; i. cabinet of meteorites ; c. rocks and petrology; d. cabinet of marbles. GEOUP 43. Standard Oil Co., New York; petroleum products of every kind; products of paratHne wax. GROUP 44. Pritchard, Robert D., Middle Granville; red slate. GEOUP 45. Behr, Herman. & Co., New York ; flint emery paper and cloth, pumice, etc. GEOUP 46. Johns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New York; general collection of asbestos. GEOUP 47. Warren Chemical and Mfg. Co. , New York ; asphalt. GEOUP 48. Battelle & Renwick, New York ; salt- petre, refined brimstone, etc. Roessler & Hasslaclie.r Chemical Co., New York ; chemicals for mining Industries. Saratoga Lithia Spring Co., Saratoga; mineral water. White, T. & S. C, New York; refined sulphur, virgin rock and flower. GEOUP 49. Chrome Steel Works, Brooklyn; chrome steel castings, welded chrome steel and iron. Lancaster, James H., New York; direct process steel. GEOUP 51. Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Co., New York; ment of copper by wet method ; c. copper ingots. Lipe, Chas. E., Syracuse; samples of welding bronze and iron. Worthington, H. R., New York; hy- draulic pressure pump. a. copper ores ; b. treat- GEOUP 53. Emmens Metal Co., New York; metallic nickel, nickel salts and alloys. GEOUP 54. Kunz, Geo. F.. New York ; platinum earth, concentrates, coins and photog- raphy. Tiffany & Co., New Y'ork : all alloys of gold and silver ; methods of saving gold in gold and silver smithing. Union Electric Co., New York; lubri- cating metal. 360 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposit rioN. GROUP 55. Mechanical Gold Extractor Co., New York ; Crawford gold extracting milla GROUP 57. Tiffany & Co., New York; savingaud reclaiming gold from floor dust, water, etc. GROUP 5S. General Electric Co., New York; clian- 1 drills, chauuelers, gadders, quarry bars, ncling machine. etc. IngersoU-Sergeant Drill Co., New York; I Kund Drill Co., New York; quarry bars. GROUP Co. General Electric Co., New York; method of lighting mines, electric blowers, fans and air eompressers. GROUP (>1. General Electric Co., New York; elec- tric drills and co.mI cutters. Ingersoll-Scrgcant Drill Co., New York; air eompressers, drills, tripods and columns, coal cutters, quarry bars and blasting liatteries. Lancaster, Jas. li.. New Y'ork; grap- ples or ore diggers. Rand Drill Co., New York; air com- pressors and power drills. 8uydani, John. Albany; metal flexible joint. Worfehington, Henry H., New York; water supply pump for diamond drill. GROUP G2. General Electric Co., New York; elec- tric pumps. Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls; deep mine pump. Lancaster, Jas. H., New York; air comiiressers. Worthiugtou, II. R., New York; mine pumps. GROUP 03. General Electric Co., New York; elec- 1 Lancaster, Jas. II., New York; hoisting trie locomotive. ' machine. GROUP G-lr. Chrome Steel Works, Brooklyn; crushed i breaker and ore crusher; b. combined plates, roll shells, shoes anil dies. j crusher, rolls and screen; c. ore and rock Lancaster, Jas. II., New York; a. rock | granulators. GEOUP 67. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., New York; photographs of pavements, etc. Bisbee, Williams ifc Co., New York; model of furnace. Brumelkamp, P. J., Syracuse; pietiu'es of the salt reservation. Egleston, T., New York; blowpipe reactions. Kunz, Geo. P., New York; collection of framed portraits of mineralogists, me- tallurgists, etc. Lancaster, Jas. II., New York; models of iron ore, deoxidizers and melting fur- naces for making .'teel. Ward, Ilenr.y A., Rochester; relief maps. Weiidt, Asturo P., New York; photo- graphs of metidlurgi'cal works. Exhibits Classed in Cither Departments, but Installed in *-~ Depakj'ment E. department T). — group -to. Kimz, Geo. P., New York; wampum made from New Jersey shells. departjient M. Kunz. Geo. P., New York; busts, portraits and medals of famous niiueralogists, metallurgists, etc. 1— ..-■? ^1 Ij ■^ ^' 3 > V X CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPAPJ- MENT F, MACHINERY. GKOUP 69. Abendroth & Eoot Mfg. Co., Kew York ; boilers. American Fire Engine Co., Seneca Fiills ; boilers, etc. American Leather Link Belt Co., New York ; leatlaer link belting. Babcock & AVilcox Co., New York; boilers. Babcock & Wilcox Co., New Y'ork ; model of water tube, etc. Ball & Wood Co., New York : boilers, etc. Blake, George F., Mfg. Co., New Y'ork; condensers. Buffalo Steam Pump Co. , Buffalo ; pumps, etc. Cameron Steam Pump Works, New York ; pumps. Carlson, Conrad, Brooklyn : hod ele- vating system. Clonbrook Steam Boiler Works, Brook- Ij'n ; boilers. Consolidated Safety Valve Co., New York ; valves. Conover ^Ifg. Co., New York : jet condenser, etc. Davidson, M. T., Brooklyn; pumps. Dejonge, E., New Y'ork ; boiler com- pound. De La Vergne Refrigerating Machine Co., New Y^ork ; refriggrating and ice machinery. Eddy Valve Co. , Waterford ; fire hydrants and valves. Electric Pipe Bending Co., Harrison; pipe coils. Fasoldt, E. C, Albany; air compressors. Floyd, James R., & Son, New York ; shde valve. Fuel Economizer Co., Matteawan ; flue heaters. General Electric Co., New York ; transmission of power. Gould Mfg.'Co., Seneca Falls ; pumps. Hoffeld, R., & Co., Buffalo; leather belting. Hunt, C. W., & Co., New York; steam engines. ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co. , New Y''ork; air comnressors. New Knowles Steam Pump Works, York ; pumping machinery. Lake Erie Engineering Works. Buffalo; engines. Lidgerwood Mfg. Co. , New York ; electric mining hoist. Matthews, John, Apparatus Co., New Y'ork ; soda water machinery. Mcintosh, Seymour ik Co., Auburn ; compound condensing engines. Morris JIachine Works, Baldwinsville ; stuff pump. National Meter Co., Buffalo; gas engines. New York Belting and Packing Co., New Y'ork ; belting, etc. New York Oil Cabinet Co. , New York ; oil cabinets. New York Safety Steam Power Co., New York ; automatic cut-off engines. Payne, B. W. , & Sons, Elmira ; steam engine. Rand Drill Co., New Y^ork ; air com- pressors. Rider Engine Co., Walden ; engines. Shock, Gustave, New York ; beer machinery, etc. Simplex Mfg. Co., Esopus-on-Hudson boilers. Snow Steam Pump Co., Buffalo pumps. Thompson, Bushnell Co., New Y'ork flue cleaners Turner Machine Co., New Y'ork motors, pumps, etc. Watertown Steam Engine Co., Water- town ; engines. Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co., New York ; engines. Wheeler Condenser and Engineering Co., New York; condensers. Wing, L. J., & Co., New Y'ork ; disc fans. Wittemann Bros., New York ; bottles, etc. Worthington, Henry R. , New Y'ork ; pumps and pumping machinery. Ya wman & Erbe, Rochester ; bottle washing apparatus. GKOUP 70. American Fire Engine Co., Seneca Falls; fire engines, ho.se carts, etc. Waterbury Rubber Co., New York; armored hose. 46 Worthington, Henry fire pumping engines. R., New York; 362 J^Ew York at the World's Columbian Exposition. GEOUP 71. Bliss, E. W., & Co., Brooklyn; metal working machines. Capital Machine Tool Co., Auburn ; vises. General Electric Co., New York; turn- ing device. Gleason Tool Co. , Rochester ; engine lathes. Keystone Mfg. Co., Buffalo ; wrenches. Manning, Maxwell & Moore, New York; machine tools. Morrill Bros. , Brooklyn; drop hammer. Niagara Stamping and Tool Co., Buffalo; tools, etc, Saunders, U., Sons, Yonkers; pipe cut- ting machinery. Stiles & Parker Press Co., Brooklyn; wheel presses and drop hammer. Westcott Chuck Co., Oneida, lathe chucks. Williams, J. H., & Co., Brooklyn; drop forgings. Worthington, Henry R., New York; pump. GEOUP 72. Baker & Shevlin, Saratoga Springs; bellows bottom screen. Barton Mfg. Co., New York, rubber stamp machinery. Booth Bros., Rochester; turning and cording machines. Lightning Reader Co., Spring ville ; beading machines. Manning, John J. , New York ; paper winding rolls. Singer Mfg. Co., New York; sewing machines. Tracy, Harriet R., New York ; sewing machine. GEOUP 73. American Wood Decorating Machine Co., New York; wood embossing machine. Doig, Wm. S., Brooklyn; box nailing machine. Holmes, E. &B., Buffalo; wood work- ing machiner}\ Prybil, Paul, New York; saws, planers, etc. GEOUP 74. American Box Machine Co., Amster- dam ; cutting and jsaper box machines^ American Type Founders Co., New- York; type machines and ajiijliances. Burrell, D. H.. & Co.,Poughkeepsie; paper feeding machines. Campbell Printing Press Mfg. Co., New York ; printing presses. Dexter Folder Co., Fulton ; folding machinery. Gaily, Merritt, Nev/ York ; printing presses. fioe.R., & Co., New York presses. Howard cutters. printing Iron Works, Buffalo ; paper Co., Amsterdam: paper Inman Mfg. box machines. Johnson Peerless Works, New York ; job presses. McAdams, John, & Sons, Brooklyn ; rulitig machinery. Mergenthaler Linotype Co., New York ; type setting machine. Potter, CT, Jr., &Co., New York; print- ing presses. Sheridan, T. W. & C. B., New York; book binding machinery. Thompson, John, Press Co., New York ; printing presses. GEOUP 75. Ottman, J., Lithographing Co., New | Scott, Walter, & Co., Plainfield ; litho- York; complete lithograph establishment, j graphic presses. GEOUP 77. American Street CleaningTMachine Co., Sag Harbor ; street cleaning machine. Ashcroft Mfg. Co., New York; machinery appliances. Clough & Maconnell, New York ; wire corkscrews. Dejonge, Emil, New York ; anti- corrosion. Hay den & Derby Mfg. Co., New York ; injectors. Hohmann & Maurer Mfg. Co., New York ; thermometers. Nathan Mfg. Co. , New York ; oil cups, etc. New York Oil Cabinet Co., New York ; oil cabinets. Catalogue of Machixeey Exhibit. 363 Rutzler, E., Kew York; exhaust head for raaiu power plant. SchafEer & Budenberg, New York ; automatic injectors. Sherwood Mfg. Co., Buffalo; CDgines, etc. Smith, Andrew H., New Y'ork ; street cleaning machines. Tliomp.son & Bushnell Co., New York; injectors. Tro}' Laundry JNIachineiy Co., Troy; laundry machinery. U. S. Street Sweeping Co., New Yoi-k ; street sweeping machines. GROUP iS. Caruss, J. H., & Co., New York; ma- chiner}' for grinding and polishing lenses. Gouverneur Machine Co., Gouverneur; mill for sawing stone. Mitchell, Cornelius S., New York ; cherry heating welding compound. Tabor Mfg. Co. , New Y'ork ; molding machine. "Worthington, Henry R., New Y''ork; rolling mill pressure pump. GROUP 79. Smith, John E., & Sons, Buffalo; meat I Worthington, Henry R., New York; choppers. vacuum pumps. Squier, Geo. L., Mfg. Co., Buffalo;' machines for preparation of food. | Exhibits Classed in Other Departments, but Installed in Depakthent F. department G. GROUP 85. Worthington, Hemy R., New York; wrecking pumps, etc. CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- MENT G, TRANSPORTATION. COLLECTIYE EXHIBIT. Chart of railroads, showing mileaffc in 1894, 8724.88 miles. Model of lock bviilt in Little Falls in 1795; scale 1-30. Model of standard lengthened lock now in use on Erie canal, scale 1-30, Maps. State map showing railroads and canals. Relief map of Erie canal. PhOTOGRjVPHS. Annual inspection party, 1893. Erie Canal Aqueducts: (1) Crescent over Mohawk river; (3) Eexford Flats over Mohawk river; (3) Rochester over Genesee river. View of tow on Hudson river. View of village of Black Rock in 1833 (from old engraving). View of Albanj' basin in 1835, eastern terminus of canal (from old engraving). INDIVIDUAL EXHIBITS. GROUP SO. Brooks, E. J. , & Co., New Tork; freight car sealing service. Brooks Locomotive "Works, Dunkirk; locomotives. Consolidated Car Heating Co., Albany; model heating systems. Frost Veneer Seating Co., New York; veneer goods. General Electric Co., New York; elec- tric locomotives, etc. Gould Car Coupler Co., Buffalo: couplers. Greeley, E. S. , & Co. , New York, track gauges, etc. Hunt, C. W., Co., New York; machinery for handling material. Keller Printing Co., New York; rail- way tickets, etc. Kinsman Block System Co., New York; model of automatic electric block system. Merchants Desjsatch Transportation Co., New York; refrigerator car. Nathan Mfg. Co., New York; injectors and lubricators. New York Air Brake Co., New York; air brakes. New York Car Wheel Co., Buffalo; car wheels. New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Co., New York; motive power and rolling stock. Parks. William C, Troy; model of track construction. Pratt & Letohworth, Buffalo; car couplers. Safety Car Heating Co., New York; car heating apparatus, etc Schenectady Locomotive Works, Schen- ectady; locomotives. Self Winding Clock Co., New York; train dispatching clock. Standard Car (Joupling Co., New York; car coupling, etc. Thacher Car and Construction Co., New York; automatic dumping cars. Trojan Car Coupler Co., Troy; car couplers. LTnion Bridge Co., New York; photo- graphs of bridges, etc. Wagner Palace Car Co., New York; passenger equipment. Worthington, Henry R., New York; railway water supply pump. Young Reversible Lock Nut Co., New York; rail joint with locks. GROUP 81. General Electric Co., New York; elec- tric railway equipment. Greeley ,'E. S., &Co., N^w York; over- head construction material. Jones', J. M., Sons, West Troy; street railway cars. Parke, Robert A., New York; com- pressed air street car. Peckham Motor Truck and Wheel Co., Kingston; motor truck. Ramapo Wheel and Foundry Co., Ram- apo; boltless steel-tired wheels. Stedman, J. H., Rochester; street rail- way transfer ticket. Stephenson, John, New York; cable car. Stephenson, .John, Co,, Ncav York; truck for electric I'ailway car. Taylor Electric TruckCo., Troy; motor truck for street railwaj'. o Q _j D ?: O •<■ I- ai O c < Catalogue of Teanspoetation Exhibit. 365 GEOUP 82. ilankin, T. L., Sacketts Harbor; ice railway. GEOUP S3. Aubeuf, A. H., Oneida; liand carts, etc. Barber Asphalt PaviugCo., New York; traction recording vehicle. Brewster & Co., New York; carriages and sleighs. Buffalo Spring Gear Co., Buffalo; vehicles. Catel}' tt Ettling, Cortland; top for buggy. Champion Wagon Co., Owego; farm and lumber wagons. Columbian Carriage Co., New York; baby carriages. Cook, William, New York; children's carriages. Cunningham, Jas., Son & Co., Roches- ter; carriages, etc. Curley, John, Brooklj'n; carriages, etc. Dark, Thos., & Sons, Buffalo; garbage wagon. Deminger, Michael F., Brooklyn; hearse plumes. Eecles, Richard, Auburn ; carriage forgings. . Fenton Metal Mfg. Co., Jamestown; bicj'cle accessories. Fitch Gear Co., Rome; wagon gear. Flandreau & Co., New York; carriages, etc. Freeland & Bradley, WellsviUe; car- riage poles. Geneva Carriage Works, Geneva; wagons, etc. Getz, Henry, New York; tally-ho coach (1765). Glens Falls Buckboard Co., Glens Falls; buckboards. Hall Mfg. Co., New York; luggage carrier and spoke grip. Hanniman, Chas., New York; baby carriage brake. India Rubber Co., New York; harness trimmings. McClinchie, Uriah, New York; baby carriages. Melville. John, Buffalo; display horses. Metal Stamping Co., New York; car- riage hardware. Mogul Mfg. Co., New York; steel springs. Moore, L. Murray, Rochester; trucks, New York Fifth Wheel Co.. Brooklyn; fifth wheel. O'Connor Hame Fastener Co., New York; hame fastener. Peerless Mfg. Co., New York; bicj'cle sundries. Pratt & Letch worth, Buffalo; hames, saddlery, etc. Remington Arms Co.,Ilion; bicycles.etc. Rochester Wheel Co. , Rochester; vehi- cle wheels, etc. Schaefer & Schlegel, Rochester; car- riage and hearse trimmings. Shermau, C. H., Glens Falls; old style sleigh. Trades News Pub. Co., New York; "The Hub." Union Hardware Co., Union; coach forgings. Whitman Saddle Co., New York; sad- dles, whips, etc. Whitney, Russell M., Olean; wagon hubs. Wilson, Myers & Co., New York; bi- cycles, etc. Woods, Wm. J., Cold Spring; whiiHe- tree coupUng. GEOUP 84. Otis Bros. & Co., New York; elevators. I Worthington Henry R., New York; I elevator pumping machine'y. GEOUP 85. Century Co., New York; drawings of modes of transportation. Chase Elevator & Manton Windlass Co. , New York; windlasses and coal elevator. Continental Iron Works, Brooklyn; steel furnaces for marine boilers. Coston Night Signal Co., New York; marine night signals. Daimber Motor Co., New York; pleasure launch. De Grauw, Aymar & Co. ; boat oars, etc. Gas Engine and Power Co., New York; naphtha launches. General Electric Co., New York; electric motors, etc. Harper Bros., New York; transporta- tion subjects illustrated. Hogan, T., & Sons; ocean steamship models. Kahnweiler, David, New York ; life .saving appliances. McAdams, John, & Sons, Brooklyn; models of marine brake. McBean, Edge & Co., Buffalo; vessel signal lights. Merrill, R., Sons, New York; compasses, etc. 366 New York at thk Wokld's Columbian Exposition. New York and New Jersey Sandy Hook pilots, New York; inodel of pilot boat. Nicaraiigua Canal Construction Co., New York; relief model of Nicaraugua caual. Pain, James, & Sons, New York; pyro- technics for ship's use. Pratt & Letchworth, Buffalo; propeller wheels. Providence and Stoning'ton Steamship Co., New York ; models and pictures of steamboats. Rush ton, J. li., Canton; row and sail boats, etc. Safety Car Heating and Lighting Co., New York; gas lighted marine buoj'S. Smith & Stanton, New York; drawings of steam vessels. Spanish Transportation Co., New York; model of S. S. "Pillafo." Summers, James C, New York; litho- graph book of j'aclits. Turner, J. Spencer, New York; Ontario cotton sail duck. Webb, J. Beavor, New York; models of yachts. GEOUP 86. General Electrical Co., New York; recovered projector U. S. ship Trenton. Exhibits Classed in Other Departments, but Installed in This. GROUP 128. Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls, N. Y.; I Otis Bros. &. Co., New York; electric electric pump. j pump. CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- MENT H, MANUFACTURES. GROUP 8'i Cheesebrougli SIf g. Co. , New York ; soaps, toilet preparations. Dodge & Olrott, New York; drugs and cliemicals, essential oils. Durkee, E. E., & Co., New York; flavoring e.xtracts. Fritzsche Bros., New York; essential oils. Gardner, R. W., New York ; syrup of hydriodic acid. Gribble & Nash, New York; refined camphor. Hotchkiss, N. G. , Sons, Lyons ; essen- tial oils. Ladd & CofSn, New York ; perfumery, cologne and sachet powder. Lazell, Dalley & Co., New York ; per- fumery. Low's, Robert, Son, Brooklyn ; toilet soaj) and perfumeries. i\Iarx & Rawolle, New York; glycerine. Morgan, Enoch, Sons, New York ; scouring soap. Ricksecker, Theo. , New York ; per- fumery and toilet goods. Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Co., New York ; chemicals. GEOUP SS. Celluloid Zapon Co., New York; liquid celluloid. Egyptian Lacquer Mfg. Co., New York ; iacquers and varnishes. Hebbenwhite Mfg. Co., Buffalo; stove poUsh. International Ultramarine Works, New York ; ultramarine blue. Johns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New York ; paints, oils and stains. Scientific Art and Becorative Co., New York ; decorative paint. The Frank Miller Co., New York; harness dressing. Valentine, Lawson, Co. , New York ; varnishes and colors. Valentine & Co., New York; varnishes, colors and material. GEOUP 89. American Paper Pail and Box Co., New York ; paper pails, boxes and napkins. Arabol Mfg. Co., New York; adhesive pastes. Bartbolomae, H,. & Co., New York; wall paper. Beck, Frederick, & Co., New York; wall paper. Blickensderfer Mfg. Co., New York; typewriters. Book Typewriter Co., Rochester; book typewriters. Caw's Pen and Ink Co., New York ; fountain and stylographic pens and writ- ing inks. Crandall Machine Co., Groton; type- writers. Columbia Typewriter Mfg. Co., New Y'ork ; typewriters. Cyclostyle Co. , New York; duplicators, stands and cabinets. " Densmore Typewriter Co., New York; tj'pewriters. Essex T3'pewritcr, New York; type- writers. Franklin Manufacturing Co., Rochester; lumber crayons, oil. Graves, Robert, & Co., New York; wall Ph., Mfg. Co., New York ; P., Rochester; ofBce sup- paper. Hake, stationery. Little, A. plies. Office Specialty Co. . Rochester ; mer- cantile labor-saving devices. Perfection Ink Well Co., Albany ; per- fection ink wells. Remington Typewriter, New York ; typewriters and appurtenances. Rockwell & Rupel Co., Rochester; office supplies. Rogers Manifold and Carbon Paper Co., New York; manifold and carbon paper, typewriter supplies. Shattuck Pen Co., New York ; gold pens, hard rubber fountain penholders and stationerv specialities. Smith, The S. T., Co., New York; typewriter supplies. Standard Paint Co., New York; in- sulating and waterproof papers. The Thompson Norris Co., Brooklyn; bottle packing, cork and corrugated paper goods. 368 I^Ew York at the Wueld's Columbian Exposition. Tiffany & Co., New York; - < ai. O O Q Q O O CataloCtUE of the Manufactuees Exhibit. 369 GEOUP 97. Diepenbrock & Uchtman, New York: church vestments, flags and banners. Manhattan Silver Plate Co., Lyons; gold and silver plated hollow ware. TiSany & Co., New York; a. gold and silver ware, the magnolia vase, collection of yachting trophies, etc.; i. silver table ware, plates, salvers, tureens, bowls, baskets, candelabra, epergnes, etc. GEOUP 98. Bell & Barber, New York; ornaments. Brown's Amber Mfg. Co., amber products. Canini, J. A., Saratoa jewelrv. Cor bin, D. R., New York; Favre, Leon, New York; transferring portraits from a on watches, lockets, etc. jewelry and New York; :a Springs; jewelry, process for photograph Gaynor & Washburne, New York; interchangeable jewehy. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; onyx ornaments. Tiffanj- & Co., New York; a. gold and silver ornaments for the person; It. collec- tion of diamonds and various colored gems, rough, cut and mounted; c. agates, onyx, jasper, etc., ornaments for the per- son, pearls, natural and mounted. GEOUP 99. Bundy Manufacturing Co., Bingham- ton; automatic time recorders. Self-winding Clock Co., New York; self-winding clocks and method of time distribution by electricity. Tiffanj' & Co., New York; a. watches and watch-cases, chronographs; b. clocks; the Globe clock, astronomical clocks, etc. GEOUP 100. American Silk Label Co., New York; woven labels. Blumenthal, A. & S., New York; silk ribbons. Castle Braid Co., New York; silk and mohair braids. Cutter, .John D., New York, n. spool silk and machine twist; b. plain silks; c. fancy silks. Dexter, Lambert & Co., New York a. dress silks; b. ribbons. Doherty & Wadsworth, New York a. silk dress goods, surahs; b. silk ribbons Elwood, B. E. & E., Fort Plain; broad silks. Empire Silk Co., New York; silk dress goods. Hamil & Booth, New York: a. dress silks, brocades: b. ribbons. Hitchcock & Meding Co., New York; a. satin, damask, brocatels, etc.; b. dress silks: c. ribbon and tie silks. .Jennings -Lace Works, New York; laces, gloves, mitts, veils and scarfs. •Johnson, Cowdin & Co., New York; silk ribbons. Kayser, Julius, & Co., New York; silk underwear, glove.;, mitts, etc. Levy Bros., New York; silk ribbons. Liberty Silk Co., New York; dress silks. Pelgram & Meyer, New York; a. dress silks: b. ribbons. Robertson, William, New York; silk curtains and upholstery silks. Stearns, John N., New York; dress silks. Strange, William, Co., New York; a. serges; b. dress silks; c. linings; d. rib- bons. - Sutro Bros. Braid Co., New York; trimming braids. The Rhenania Mills, College Point; silk velvet ribbons. Trevor. William, New York; cravats, handkerchiefs, ties, etc. GEOUP 101. Asbestos Specialty Co., Buffalo; asbes- tos articles. Johns, H. W., Manufacturing Co., New York; a.sbestos miiterial woven, spun, felted, etc. Pantasote Leather Co., New York; sub- stitute for leather. 47 Potter, Thos., Sons & Co., New York; oil cloths. Tannette Manufacturing Co.. New York; leather imitation for furniture, etc. 370 New York at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. GEOur 102. Garner & Co., New York; printed cot- ton piece goods, calicoes, percales, sateens, etc. New York Mills, New York; cotton goods, white and colored, muslins, jeans, cottonades, camlets, etc. Standard Oil Co., Troy; wicks. Thompson, James, & Co., Valley Falls; twines, mosquito n(!ts, buckram, etc. Wilkes-Barre Lace Manufacturing Co., New York; cotton lace curtains. GEOUP 103. Allen, L. L., & Bros., Rochester; fine flannels, dress goods, etc. American Loop Fabric Co., Brooklyn; blankets, robes, rugs, etc. Auburn AVoolen Co., Auburn; a. over- coatings; h. suitings. Canoga Woolen Co., Auburn; woolen goods. Empire Woolen Mills, Clayville; a. all wool fancy cassimeres and overcoatings; b. worsted coatings and suitings. French & Ward, New York; eider- down fabrics. Globe Woolen Co., Utica; a. beavers. b. worsted coatings and suit- , Amsterdam; knitunder- cassimeres; ings. McFarlandCo., wear. Stott, C. I-L & F. H., Stottsville; a. woolen goods; h. woolen goods woven on cotton warps. Titus. Elias, & Sons, Poughkeepsie; (I. woolen goods; b. cotton and woolen mixed goods. Waterloo Woolen Manufacturing Co., Waterloo; ii. flannels, carriage cloths; b blankets, shawls, etc. GEOUP 104. Adler, Jacob, & Co., New York; gloves. Allen, John C. , Gloversville ; gloves and mittens, Altman Summer Neckwear Co., New York- sununer neckwear. Beatty, C. F., New York; prints of engraving in steel, brass and zinc for hatters. Bell's, Henry H., Sons, Milton; knit goods, hosiery, etc. Brill Bros., ISTew York; men's shirts. Brooklyn Shield Co., Brooklyn; dress shields. Cluott, Coon & Co., Troy; shirts, col- lars and cult's. Curtis, PL C, & Co., Troy; shirts, collars and cufCs. Delsarte Corset Co., New York; cor- sets, waists and shoulder braces. Dempster & Place, Gloversville; gloves and mittens. Dryfoos. L., &Co., New York; skirts. Earl & Wilson, New York; men's col- lars and cuffs. Excelsior Fur and Glove Sewing Ma- chine Co., New York; sewing machine. Foster, Paul & Co., New York; kid gloves. Haley, C. J., & Co., New York; hose supporters. "^ Hull & Co., Poughkeepsie; trousers. Jaeger's, Dr., Sanitary Woolen System Co., New York; knit goods and hosiery, etc. Jaros Hygienic Underwear Co., New York; woolen underwear. Knox, E. M., New York; hats. Lehman, Chas. F., Brooklyn; cork liehuets. Mayer, Strouse & Co., New York ; corsets. McFarlan, A., & Co., Amsterdam; knit goods and hosiery. Millen, E. , & Co., New York; shirts. Mills, S. J., Ilochester; silk dress waist. Northrup Glove Co., Johnstown ; gloves. Self-tlu'eading Sewing Machine Co., New York; sewing machine altachment. Seybel, F. W., New York; ladies' hats. Siegel Bros., New York; ladies' under- wear and muslin. Singer Manufacturing Co., New York; sewing machines. Stiehl, G. IL, & Co., New York; head wear. Swits, Conde, Oswego; knit goods. United Shirtand CollarCo., Troy; ladies' collars and cull's. Van Orden Corset Co., New York; corsets. Weingarten Bros., New York; corsets. Williams Mfg. Co., Plattsburgh; sew- ing machines. Gunther's, C. G., Sons, New York and skins, stuffed animals. Shayne, C. C, New York; furs. GKOUP 10.5. ; fui Treadwell, Geo. fur garments. C, Co., Albany; seal Catalogue of the Manufactures Exhibit. 371 GKOur 106. Crotty & Mitchell, Weedsport; dress stuys. Excelsior Quilting Co.. New York; fancy quilting and stitching. Gerschal, Victor, & Co., New York; pearl buttons. New JEngland Whalebone Itfanufac- turing Co., New York; articles made from wl.nlebones. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; a. needlework, etc.; b. art em- broidery. Tiffany & Co., New York; jade fan and ostrich feather fans. GKOUP 107. India Rubber Comb Co., New York; combs and brushes. GROUP 108. New York; horse Cheval Standard Co measuring canes. De Muth. Wm., & Co.. New York; ti. smokers' articles: b. walking canes. Hacker, J. C, New York; leather goods and novelties. Tiffany & Co., New York; a. dressing cases anil vahses; h. cases for silverware, jewelry, etc.; c. fancy bags, pouches, purses, card cases, smokers' articles, etc.; d. cases, silver and gold mounted; e. umbrellas and parasols, fancy handles. GROUP 109. India Rubber Comb Co., New York; hard and soft rubber goods. GROUP 110. Estes, E. B., & Sons, New York; turned I Rice & Hochster, New York; tortoise wooden novelties. ! shell articles. Ives, Blakeslee & "Williams Co., New ! Tiffany ifc Co., New York; a. bonbon- York; mechanical toys. I ierres and fancy boxes, etc.; b. fancy .lansen, Ed., New York; fancy baskets, leather and gold pocket books, blotters, Pia, Peter ¥., New York; pewter toys. I etc. GROUP Buffalo Scale Co., Buffalo; scales. Mogul Manufacturing Co., New York; spring scales. National Meter Co., Brooklyn; water meters. Neptune Meter Co., New York; water meters. 112. Springer Torsion Balance Co., New York; scales. Thomson Meter Co., Brooklyn; water meters. Worthington, Henry R., New York; water meters. GROUP 113. Bannerman, Francis, New York; guns. Burgess Gim Co.. Buffalo; firearms. Emerson, Charles H., AVhilehall; boomerang. GROUP Hohenstein,. H,, New York; lamp and candle shades, candles, etc. Rochester Lamp Co. , New York ; lamps. LefeveT Arms Co., Syracu.se; hammer- less guns. Remington Arms Co., Ilion; firearms. 114. Steam Gauge and Lantern Co., Syracuse; lamps and lanterns. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; a. gas fixtures; b. electric fixtures. GROUP 11.5. Abendroth Bros., Port Chester; o. fur- naces: b. hot water heaters; e. stoves and ranges. Co-operative Foundry Co., Rochester; stoves and ranges. Cortland Howe Ventilating Stove Co., Cortland; heating stoves. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co., New York; house heating boiler. Howard Thermostat Co., Syracuse; heat regulators. .Jackson, Edwin A., & Bros., New York ; grates. Kelsey Furnace Co., Syracuse; furnaces. 372 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Pease, J. F., Furnace Co., Syracuse; bot water, steam and combination heaters. Ronalds & Co., New Yorlc; boilers and copper ware. Stroud, Jas., New York; roasting pans and rollers. Superior Furnace Co., Little Falls; hot air furnaces. Troemner, Henry, New York; coffee mills. Tuttle & Bailey Mfg. Co., New York; registers, ventilators, screens, pedestals, etc. Warner, J. W., Oneida ; hot water heater and boiler. Iron Clad Manufacturing Co. York; enameled ware, milk cans. GEOUP 116. , New I Matthews, John, Apparatus Co., I York; soda water apparatus. New GROUP 117. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; artistic lattice work. GROUP 118. Bayer & Scherbner, New York; artistic wrought iron, grille work, etc. GROUP 119. Bardsley, Jos., New York ; wooden door knobs, door springs, checks and checking spring hinges. Bohannan, Wilson, Brooklyn; latches, locks, handles, etc. Bonimer Bros., Brooklyn; spiral spring hinges. Campbell Cutlery Co., Syracuse; cutlery Carey Safe Co., Buffalo; safes. Jennings, C. E.,.& Co., New York; carpenters' tools. Kearney & Foot Co., New York; files and rasps. May dole, David, Hammer Co., Nor- wich; hammers. GROUP Alberene Stone Co., New York; sanitary and plumbing specialties. Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; boilers. 120. Oswego Indurated Fibre Co., Oswego; bath tubs, laundry trays, sinks, etc. Stewart Ceramic Co. , New York ; a. wash tubs, sinks, etc.; b. bath tubs. GROUP 121. Cainpbell Cutlery Co., Syracuse; dis- plajf trays for cutlery, etc. Cushman & Dennison, New York ; pocket oil cans. Improved Cloak Rack Co. , New York; revolving cloak stands for exhibiting cloaks. Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; tubu- lar rives. Major. A.. New Yoi'k; cement for rubber and leather goods and crockery ware. McDowell Co. , New York ; garnet drafting machines. North American Phonograph Co., New York; phonographs. Palmenberg's Sons, J. E., New York window display fixtures and forms. Queen Silver Pohsh Co., New York .silver polish. Rodwell Manufacturing Co., Buffalo sign letters. Stafford, N., New York; metal badges, checks, numbers and signs. Tiffany & Co., New York; medals. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. , New York; church furniture. Wyckoff, Seamans & Benedict, New York; typewriters' supplies. DEPARTMENT K. GROUP 142. Tiffany & Co., New York; illuminating on parchment paper, blazonry of heraldic and other devices. GEOUP 11:3. Tiffany & Co., New York; copper and steel engraving, printing, stamping and illuminating by steel and other dies. Catalogue of the Manufactuees Exhibit. 373 GROUP 145. Tiffany & Co., New York; a. engraved diamond, rock-crystal, jade and other hard stones; 4. series of the Columbus medals (the official exposition badge) in various metals. COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT OF UNITED STATES POTTERS' ASSOCIATION. GROUP 91. Onondaga Pottery Co., S3'racuse; a. semi-porcelain, white granite; b. translu- cent china, decorated ware. WOMEN'S DEPARTMENT. GROUP 88. Hall, Fannie E., New York; ceramic I Puissegur, Sophie B., Nefr York; colors. j varnishes. GROUP 89. Parks, Anna M., Albany; perforating machine. COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT OF COLUMBIAN CERAMIC ASSOCIATION, CLASS 577. Adams, Miss E., Troy; painted china plate. Baker, Miss Amelia, Watertown; painted china tete-a-tete. Nevins. Miss Louise R,, Brooklyn; painted china plates and jewel box. Ric-hart, Mrs. Christine P., Buffalo; painted china. Strong, Miss Lydia Lyod, Platbush; painted china brush and comb tray. Van Auken, Miss Adele, Rochester; painted china tray. Dwight, Minnie T , New York; deco- rated china. Scott, Cora E. , Saratoga Springs, deco- rated china. GROUP 95. Tillinghast, Miss, New York; stained glass window. GROUP 104. Howard, J. Imogen, New York; chil- I Tracy, Mrs. Harriet Ruth; sewing ma- dren's dresses. chine inventions. Mills, Mrs. S. J., Rochester; dress waist. I GROUP 106. Bassett, Mrs. F. E., Brooklyn; tapestry! Scott, Cora E., Saratoga Springs; art for wall decoration. | embroideries. GROUP 115. Lawton, Mrs. Jas. M., New York; maize grater. GROUP 121. Dostie, Mrs. G. W., Johnstown; dress cutting system. 374 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT OF THE MERCHANT TAILORS OF THE UNITED STATES. GEOUP lOtt. Bastable & Maunigan, New York; over- coat, breeches aud leggins. Doll, Edwin N., New York; morning coat, Tuxedo coat, vests and trousers. Franklin & Co., suit for youtli. Merwin, B. R., New York; dress suit, house jacket. Tuxedo coat. etc. Muller, A. F., New York; riding habit, waist and skirt. Nagel, Conrad F., New York; dress coat, waistcoat and trousers. Patterson, John, &Co., New York; liv- eries, overcoat, trousers, etc. Saalmann, John B., New York; single- breasted box overcoat. Twyeffort, E., New York ; morning hunting coat, Avaistcoat and breeches. Vredeuburgh & Brooks, New York; double-breasted frock coat and waistcoat, trousers. Weiss, Jules C, & Co., New York; driving overcoat, dress coat (stj'le 1793), trousers. Wessman, J. P., New York; overcoat, dress coat, waistcoat and trousers. GEOUP 121. Mitchell, John J., New York; American fashion plates. LEATHER AND SHOE TRADES EXHIBIT. GEOUP 87. Hoyt, Arthur S., New Yoi-k; cold water glue. GEOUP 88. Cameron, Donald, Brooklyn; dressing. shoe I Miller, The Frank, Co., New York; ' leather dressings and blackings. GEOUP 103. Dolge, Alfred, Dolgeville; felt goods, boots, shoes and slippers made of same. GEOUP 104. Burt, Edwin C, New York; boots, shoes and slippers. Charles & Curtiss, New York; shoes, .gaiters and boots. Ford, C. P.. & Co., Rochester; ladies', misses' and children's fine shoes. Gardner, John C, Brooklyn; misses', children's aud infants' shoes and slippers. Hanan & Son, New York; boots, shoes and slippers. Harvey Fastening Co., New York; over- gaiter fasteners. Lattemann, J. J., Shoe Manufactur- ing Co., New York; boots, ties and sUppers. Barnet, J. S., & Bro., New York; fin- ished leather. Fayerweather & Ladew, New York; belting and shoe leather. Hauselt, Charles, New York; a. calf- skins; b. glazed kid. Hoople, Wilham Howard, New York; Goodyear welting. GEOUP 111. Johnstone & Buckley, New York; welting. Levor, Gustav, Gloversville; patent shoe kid and kangeroo leather. Moffat, David, "ifc Co., New York; har- ness leather. Weed. James B., & Co., Biughamton; finished leather. DEPAETMENT G. GEOUP 83. Whitman Saddle Co., New York; equestrian goods. DEPAETMENT F. GEOUP 72. Booth Bros., Rochester; turning and cording machines. Lighting Beader Co., Springville; upper beading machines. Singer INIfg. Co., New York; sewing machines for leather work. CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT J, ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRICAL APPLIANCES. GEorp 122. Edwards & Co., New York; Kubm- korff coil. General Electric Co., Xew York and Bcston; (/. magnets: h. induction coils, converters and tranformers. Greeley. E. S., & Co., New York; a. staticiil apparatus; L. magnets; . in- duction coils, etc. Waite & Bartlett Mfg. Co., New York; induction machine. GEOUP 123. Bunnell, J. H., & Co., New York; test- ing set, rheostat and galvanometers. Commercial Cable Co., New York; a. condensers; b. submarine cable instru- ments. General Electric Co.. New York and Boston; instruments of precision, voltme- mllliamperemeter. ters, ammeters, watt meters, etc. I GEOUP 124. Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York; a. resistance coils; b. condensers; c. bat- teries; d. voltmeters, ammeters, standard testing instruments, etc. Hirlemann, C. J., New York; batteries. Vetter, J. C, New York; controller, Edison !Mfg. Co., New York; primary batteries and accessories. Greeley, E. S. , & Co.. New York; open and closed circuit, primar}- and secondary batteries. Hirlemann, C. J., New York; primary batteries. mary batteries, battery powder, zinc, amalgamating compound. Mej-rowitz, E. B., New York; storage batteries. Pfund, Richard, New York; plunge battery. Union Electric Co., New York; storage Leclanche Battery Co., New York; batteries, batteries. ; Vetter, J. C, &■ Co., New York; electric 3Iason Electric Co., New York; pri- batteries. GEOUP 125. New York ; Co. , New C. & C. Electric ]Motor Co. direct current dynamos. Crocker- Wheeler Electric York; motor dynamos. Excelsior Electric Co., New York; arc light dynamos and power plant. General Electric Co., New York; direct and alternating current dvnamos. Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York; di- rect and alternating current dynamos. Wing. .J. H., & Co., New York; direct cuiTent dynamos. Zucker & Levett Chemical Co., New York; direct cuiTent dynamos. GEOUP 126. Benham & Durnham. New York; feed wire for electric .railway track. Brixey, W. R., New York; wires, cables. Celluloid Zapon Co., New York; cellu- loid for insulation purposes. Commercial Cable Co., New Yoj-k: oce.in cable operating apparatus. C. & C. Electric iiotor Co.. New York; cables, wires, rheostats, switches, metei-s. Electrical Condui; Co., New York; conduits. Electric Selector and Signal Co.. New York: II. signal indicator; b. electric light locks. Empire China Works, Brooklyn, hard porcelain supplies. Fibre Conduit Co., New York; interior and underground conduits. General Electric Co.. New York and Boston; a. rheostats, switches and meters; h. safety appliances, lightning arresters and cut-outs; c. underground conduits. Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls, controll- ing apparatus on triplex electric tank pump. Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York; a. rheostats, switches; b. liglitning rod sup- plies, fuses, etc. ; c. submarine, a-rial and underground cables. 376 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. India Rubber Comb Co.. New York; a. rubber iusulation; h. hood insulators, tubing, sheeting, etc. India Rubber and Gutta Perclia Insu- lating Co., New York; electric cables and cords. Johns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New York; a. insul-.ting sheets, vulcabeston; b. moulded mica, asbestos; c. conduits. Murphy, T. J., New York; switch- board. National Conduit Mfg. Co., New York; cement lined pipe for conduit. New York Insul.-ited Wire Co., New York; insulated cables, wires, tapes, con- duits, etc. Norwich Insulated "Wire Co., New York; electric light cables. Okonite Co., New York; okonite elec- tric wire. Pass & Sej-mour, Syracuse; cut-outs and switches. Roessler & Hasslacher, New York; electrical supplies and appliances. Safety Insulated Wire and Cable Co., New York; lead covered underground conductors for arc light circuits, rubber covered overhead conductors for lights, alarms, etc. Standard Paint Co., New York; a. in- sulating compounds, tape, paper; b. ar- mature varnish and paints. Union Electric Co., New York; pipe underground conduits. Van Nuis, C. S., New York; switches. Vail, W. A., New York; swinging ball lightning arresters. "Vetter. J. C, & Co., New York; cur- rent controller and millammeter. GROUP 127. Commercial Cable Co., New York; motors. Crocker- Wheeler Electric Co., New York; a. direct constant current motors; b. alternating current motors. C!. & C. Electric Motor Co., New York; motors. Edison Mfg. Co., New York; electric motors. Excelsior Electric Co., New York; di- rect and alternating current motors. General Electric Co., New York; direct and alternating current motors. Greeley, E. 8.,&Co., New York; power motors. Meyrowitz, E. B., New York; direct constant current motor. Union Electric Co., New York; constant potential compound motors. Wing, L. J., & Co., New York; motors. Zuckcr & Levett Chemical Co., New York; motors. GROUP 128. Commercial Cable Co., New York; motor operating telegraph instruments. C. &, C. Electric Motor Co., New York; motors generally applied. Crocker- Wheeler Electric Co., New York; electric motors. Crowell & Gilmer, Brooklyn; pressure blower and reservoir. Electric Launch and N;;vigation Co., New York; electric passenger launches. General Electric Co., New York; a. motors for railways; b. motors for general application; c. motors for novelties. Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Palls; electric pump. Greeley. E. S., &Co., New York; sewing machine, rotar3- fan and electric chimes. Lidgerwood Mfg. Co., New York; min ing hoist. Mason Electric Co., New York; motors for fans, sewing machines, etc. Merrill Brothers, Brooklyaf drop ham- mer, trimming press. N. Y. Air Brake Co., New York; air brake equipment. Otis Brothers & Co., New York; elec- tric elevators and pumps. Peltou Water Wheel Co., New York; water wheel. Stephenson. John, & Co., New York; street railway truck. Taylor Electric Truck Co., Troy; street railway truck. Union Electric Co., New York; a. underground railway appliances; b. elec- tric launches. Vetter, J. C, & Co., New York; domes- tic appliances. Wiiig, L. J., & Co., New York; motors for disc fans, ventilators, etc. Worthington, Henry R., New York; electric pumps. Zucker &, Levett Chemical Co , New York; pumps, cranes and organs. GROUP 129. C. & C. Electric Motor Co., New York; ! Excelsior Electric Co., New York; a. power genei'ators. arc lamps and appliances; b. incandescent Electric Selectrr and Signal Co., New i system and appliances. York; arc light cut-outs. " I — ■ ilrs^? '-i't |J1 • ^ <1 Catalogue of the Eleotkiuity Exiiiiut. Prink, J. P., New York; scrcon reflectors for incaiuleseeiit liiiups. Gcueral Incjuulcseeiit Are Liglit Co., New York; arc lamps for ineaiulesceni circuits. General Electric Co., New York and Boston;.!/, search lights and ai'o system, luminiuis electrical fountains; It. incan- descent system; railway. General Fixture (lo., New Yorl;; incan- descent and arc lixtures. Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York; arc liffhtina;. etc. Greeley, E. S., & Co., Now York ing apparatus. Excelsior Electric Co., New York ; a. electrotyping. b. electroplating, gild- ing and nickeling, c. electro deposition of metals, d. electrolytic sejiaration ol' met.-ils from ores. Fern, J. J., Brooklyn ; electroplating, burnishing and finishing. General Electric Co., New Y'ork and Boston ; electrotyping, plating, gilding, etc. Johns, H. AV., Mfg. Co., New York; appliances for incandescent lighting. Uanda, Otto, New York; electric scarf pin. Union Elec,;ric Co., New Y'ork; incan- descent lighting by secondary batteries. Vetter, .1. C.,&Co.,New York; incai\- descent current adapter and tap. Zucker & Levett Chemical Co., New York; fixturi's for arc anil iucandesceut systems. HKOtll- heat- I 1 80. I .lohns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New I asbestos sheathing and Arc felt. Y^ork: l:U. Co., New York ; phi Johns, 11. W., Mfg insulating material. Kingler, F. A. , New Yoi'k ; a electrotyping. h. electro|ilaling. tro deposition of metals. Zucker & Tjcvett Chemical Co., New Y'ork ; electrotyping, plating and depo- sition. fle< GROUf 132. Phelps, A. II., Glens Falls, N. Y.; brasing iind engraving. GKOUl keys. Bunnell, 1. H., & Co., New York sounders, transmitters, etc. Commercial Cable Co., New York; au- tomatic and multiplex transmitters. Electric Selectm' and Signal Co., New Y''ork ; telegraiih and rinli'oad signals, c t(^ Fitch, E. Sherman, New York ; print- ing telegraph. General Electric Co.. New York; dy- namos for quadruplex telegraph service. 138. Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York ; sys- tems for receiving and transmitting chro- nography, annunciators, thermostats, alarms, etc. Non-Magnetic Watch Co., New York; non-magnetic watches, etc. Western Union Telegraiih Co., New Y'ork; nuadruplex telegraph apparatus. CKOVV Bri.\ey, W. R., New York ; lelephonej cables. Edwards & Co,, Now York ; si.gnaling apjiaratus. Electric Selector aid Signal Co., New York ; teIepbon<: signaling aiiiiarntus. Greeley. E, S,, icCo., New York; tele- phone wires and cables, protective de- vices, switchboards, etc. 134. National Conduit Mfg. Co,, New York- undcrgroiuid c(aiduits. NorwicOi Insulated Wire Co., New York ; telephone (vdiles. Safety Insulated Wire and Cable Co., New York; rubber covered conductors and cables. General Electric Co., Boston ; dental drills, etc. Greeley. E. S., New Yorl dental and surgical ap])aratus -1-8 GKOUr New York and | cautery, Mason Electric Co., New Y'ork; a. cau- tery batteries. 4. dental lamps and motors. 378 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Meyrowitz, E. B., New York; elec- trodes. Union Electric Co., New York; a. cau- tery apparatus, b. surgical apparatus, aluminum hand lamps, dental engines, GEOfP Commercial Cable Co., New York ; writing apparatus. _ Greeley, E. S., & Co., New York; gas- lighting and blasting apparatus. medical batteries, c. apparatus for diag- nosis. Vetter, J. C, & Co., New York ; surgi- cal and dental apparatus. Waite & Bartlett Mfg. Co., New York; special faradic apparatus. 136. Wing, L. J.,& Co., New York; isolated electric hghting. GEOUP 137. Electrical Engineer, New York ; elec- trical books and publications. Electi'ical Review, New York ; electri- cal books and publications. Electrical World, New York ; electrical books, etc. Electricity Newspaper Co., New York ; electrical books and publications. General Electric Co., New York and Boston; historical models and books. Street Railway Journal, New York; electric and street railway publications. GEOUP 138. General Electric Co., New York; patent j Woods. G. F. , New York; map of elec- exhibits. trical diagrams. GEOUP Falls Rivet and Machine Co. , New York; line shafting, ciutches, etc. General Electric Co., New York and Boston ; apparatus for electrical construc- tion and repair, etc. Greeley. E. S., & Co., New York ; con- struction tools and fixtures. Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Co., New York; air compressor. 138a. Lake Erie Engineering Works, Buffalo; electric motor engines. Merrill Bros. , Brooklyn ; drop hammer, press, etc. Mcintosh, Saj'noui- & Co., Auburn; engines, driving dynamos. Phelps. A. H., Glens Falls; apparatus for electro thermo-gravure of glass. Union Electric Co., New York; electri- con anti-friction metal, etc. REPORT OX THE FINE ARTS EXHIBIT. By an arrangement between the Xew York State Board of General Managers and the chief of the department of tine arts, Mr. Halsey C. Ives, the Xew York members of tlie Federal advisory committee for fine arts were constituted an art bureau for tlie State of ISTew York, whose duties it should be to select an adequate representation at the exposition of the works of jS^ew York artists. The members of this bureau were as follows : SculjAors : J. Q. A. Ward, Augustus St. Gaudens, Olin L. Warner. Painters : William M. Chase, Eastman Johnson, H. Bolton Jones, E. Swain GifEord, Frank D. Millet. Arch itects : Pdehard M. Hunt, Stanford White, Wilham B. Tutliill. Mr. Frederick Dielman and Mr. George W. Maynard were associated with the committee, representing Mr Millet, who for the greater portion of the time was absent in Chicago. On October 22, 1892, a preliminaiy organization was formed at the Century Club, and on December 21, 1S92, a formal organization was perfected. J. Q. A. Ward was elected chief of the bureau and William B. Tutliill secretary. it was decided to hold a preliminary competition in New York city and to send to the fair such works only as should in the opinion of the committee possess recognizable merit. Circular letters were at once sent to all painters, sculptors, architects and other a.'t workers thi-ough- out the State, outlining the plan adopted by the bureau. A committee from the bureau, consisting of Messrs. Johnson, Jones and Tutliill, were delegated to procure suitable, commodious and fire- proof quarters for the works of art to be submitted to the juries of selection. Through tiie courtesy and public spirit of Colonel Appleton, Major Kipp and Captain Lydecker, of the Seventh regiment armory committee, certain portions of the armory on Sixty-sixth and Sixty- seventh streets were obtained for this purpose, without cost to the bureau. The gathering and selection of the works of art occupied the greater portion of January, February and March, 1893, and the dis- tribution of the same, at the close of the exposition, the months of December, 1893, and January, lS9i. The armory was thus in use nearly .sis months, and the generosity and State loyalty of the armory committee are gratefully acknowledged. On December 6, 1892, there were added to the juries of painting and drawing Miss Mary Cassatt and Mrs. Mary Hallock Foote as representatives of the Women's Board. The committee of selection began work on January 16, 1893, and continued till aiiout the end of the month. The handling and trans- portation of the works of art were placed in charge of a special com- mittee consisting of Messrs. Chase, Dielman and Tutliill. The follow- ing tables give an accurate view of the amount of work done by the Committee during these months and the wide interest taken in the fair bv Xew York artists : 380 New Yoek at the World's Columbiam" Exposition. l^nmber of works entered on application : Paintings iu oil 1,480 Water colors 268 Sculpture 73 Architecture 181 Etchings 280 Wood engravings 227 Chalk, charcoal, etc 622 Total 3,131 ISTumber of works submitted to the juries of selection : Paintings in oil 758 Water colors 173 Sculpture 50 Architecture 186 Etchings 191 Wood engravings 278 Chalk, charcoal, etc 501 Total 2,137 Number of works accepted for the Chicago Exposition : Paintings in oil 324 Water colors 63 Sculpture 37 Architecture 99 Etchings 174 Wood engravings 255 Chalk, charcoal, etc 397 Total 1,349 Number of " invited " works of art in New York city . 281 Number of " invited " works of art from places other than New York city 85 Total loan exhibition 366 Total number of works sent to Chicago 1,715 After the close of the fair 1,331 works were returned to the art bureau, and by them distributed to their owners, and ninety-nine works (architecture) were returned at the cost of the exposition. The remainder were disposed of as follows at the expense of the consignees : Forty-nine were sent to .*he Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts ; twenty -live to the Art Club of Philadelpliia ; twenty-five to the Mid- winter Exposition at San Francisco ; thirty-nine to the World's Fair Prize Winners Association, and 147 directly to owners or artists at their request. The entire cost of the exhibit was borne 1 )y the Board of General Man- agers. The total amount of money disbursed directly by the art bureau Eepokt on the Fine Aets Exhibit. 3S1 "was §15,846.13, of ■which §3, 424.171: was for packing and cartage, $3,879.54 for transportation, $3,390.96 for insurance, $1,955.15 for redistributing works at tlie close of the exposition, and $1,485 for clerical Iiire. The remainder was for otiice and miscellaneous expenses. No salary of any kind was paid to any member of the art bureau. It should be stated that all the works of art were transported to Chicago by fast express in charge of messengers, and an insurance of $500,0(30 placed upon the total collection. The return shipment was made under the supervision of the Board of General IManagers, and the most of the works returned as general merchandise by freight with an insurance of $1UO,000. The total cost of reshipment and insurance was $1,060. The exhibit from New York occuj^ied seven-twelfths of the Ameri- can section, and gave acknowledged character to the department. Eighty-six New York artists received medals and diplomas, which covered 540 of the 1,349 works contributed to the fair. Eleven of New York's most prominent artists wej-e members of the awards com- mittee, and their works were consequently excluded from competition. The remarkable success of the American jDaintings and statuary, when compared with the best work of foreign masters, has done much to popularize American art and to remove the absurd impression, so long prevalent, that a work of art to be really great must bear a foreign name. New York city, as the art center of America, furnishes the standard for the rest of the country, and the notable victory gained at the Chicago Exposition is a direct acknowledgment of the superiority of New I'ork art and New York artists. For the figures and statistics in this report ■ft-e are indebted to the kindness of the secretary of the art bureau, "William B. Tuthill. CATALOGUE OF NEW YOEK EXHIBITS, DEPARTMENT K, FINE APiTS. SCULPTURE. Adams, Herbert, Brooklyn. — St. A.u'uc's' Eve (plaster bust, colored); Pri- mavera (marble bust); portrait bust of lad_y (marble). Baur, Theodore, New York. — Panel of Joseph Jefferson as Rip Van Winkle, Bob Acres and Dr. Pangloss (bronze). Bi-ssell, Geo. E., New York. — John Watts, last Royal Recorder of New York and founder of the Leake and Watts Orphan House (bronze). Brooks, Caroline S., New York. — Lady Godiva Returning (relief in marble); La Rosa (Yanderbilt group) (marble); Lady Godiva (marble); The Dreaming lolanthe (relief in marble). Bush-Brown, H. K., Newburgh. — The Buffalo Hunt (plaster). Cannon, H. Legrand, New York. — Bas- relief of Elizabeth Mary Cannon (bronze). Ciani, Vittorio A. .New York. — A Cav- alier (bronze statuette). Cus'aing, Robert, New York. — Bust of Cardinal McCloskey (bronze). Elwell, F. Edwin, New York.— Charles Dickens and Little Nell (bronze); Intellect Dominating Brute Force, or Diana and the Lion (marble). French, Daniel C, New York. — Bust of A. Bronson Alcott (bronze); The Angel of Death and the Sculptor (plaster). Hartley, J. S., New York. — Pan (bronze group), lent hy Dr. Fi-ske, Brooklyn; bust of William Conaut Chru-ch (bronze), lent by Col. W. C. Church, New York; John Gilbert as Sir Philip Teazle (bronze). Mills, J. Harrison, New York. — Portrait medallion (plaster). Martiny, Philip, New York. — Portrait bust of child (plaster). Niehaus, C. H., New York. — Historical door for Trinity Church. New York, six panels (plaster); Athlete (plaster). O'Donavan, Wm. Russell, New York. — Bust of Thomas Ealdus (bronze); bust of R. Swain Gifford (brouze). Proctor, A. Phimister, New York. — Polar bear (two) (plaster casts fot life-size statues on bridge, World's Columbian Exposition; panther (bronze). Rogers, John, Ne-w York. — Statue of Abraham Lincoln seated (plaster). Ruckstiihl, F. WelHngton, New York. — Evening (marble). Warner, Olin L., New York. — Diana Reclining (plaster statuette); medallion of Joseph, chief of the Nez Perces Indians (bronze); Rosalie Olin Warner (bronze bust); model for a Caryatid (plaster); bronze medallions (eight) of Columbia River Indians; bust of Mozart (heroic) for public fountain, Portland. Ore. (plas- ter); portrait of J. Alden Weir (bronze bust). SctlLPTUKES IN THE LoAN COLLECTION. Rodin, Auguste. Paris, France. — Fran- cescaand Paolo — " L' Amour;" Frauccsca and Paolo — " I;a Rupture; " Andromeda. [Marbles from "The Gates of Hell," commissioned by the French government for the Museum of Decorative Arts, Paris.] Lent bj' Mr. Henry Sargent, New York. OIL PAINTINGS. Retrospective Exhibit, Review op Amekican Painting from Its Begin- ning TO THE Year 1876. Bispham, Henry C. (1841-1882).— French Cattle. Lent by Mr. William Bispham, New rork. Cole. Thomas (1801-1848). — Roman Aqueduct. Lent b.y Mr. Henry G. Jlar- quand. New York; The Tornado (Corcoran Art Gallery). Durand, Asher Brown (1790-1886).— Landscape. Lent by Mr. Gouverneur Kemble, New York. Fuller, George (1833-1884).— Original study for "The Romany Girl." Lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, 'New York. Pulton, Robert (1765-1815).— Portrait of Joel Barlow. Lent by Mr. Peter T. Barlow, New York. Gifford, Sandford R. (1833-1880).— Hunter's Jlountain. Lent by Mr. J. W. Pinchott, New York. Gignoux, Regis (1816-1893).— Markit Scene. Lent by the C'entury Association, New York. HoUoway, T. — Engraving from the Portrait of Benjamin West, as President of the Royal Academ}'. (Painted by hiir.- self.) Lent by Mr. Clarence Winthrop Bowen, New York. Hunt, William JI. (1834-1879).— Boy and Butterfly. Lent by Mr. Richard M. Hunt. New York. Irving, John Beaufain (1835-1877).— Washington's Visit to General Rhann. Lent by jMr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York. Eepoet ox the Fixe Arts Exhibit. 383 Kensett, Jno. F. (1818-1872).— Land- scape. Lent by the Ceutury Association, iSTew York. Leslie, Charles R. (1794-1859).— Uncle Toby and AVidow Wadman. Lent by Mr. Gouverneur Kemble, Xew York. McEntee. Jtrvis (1828-1890). — The Shower of Gold ; The Clouds. Lent by Mr. S. D. Coykeudall, Kondout ; Eastern Sky at Sunsent. Lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clai'ke, !New York. Malbone, Edward G. (1777-1807).— Portrait of "William Dana, rf Boston ; Portrait of >Irs. William Dana, daughter of ilajor Robert Davis of the Revolution- ary Armv. (Painted from life between 1790 and 1800.) Lent by Gen. Chas. W. D.irling. L'tica. Mignot, Louis R. (1831-1870).— Chim- borazo. Lent b}- the Centur}' Associa- tion, Xew York. Mount, ^Xm. Sidney (1807-1868).— The Power of Music. Lent by the Centur}' Association, ^ew York. Page, AVilliam (1811-1855).— Portrait of Mrs. Page ; Poitrait of the artist. Lent by Mr. AY. D. Page, Staten Island. ■Peale, Charles Willson (1741-1827).— Portrait of AngeUca Peale. Lent by Mr. Clarence Wintnrop Bowen. New Y'ork. Qnartley, Arthur (1839-1886).— Sum- mer Morning, Isle of Shoals. Lent by the L'nion League Club. Xcw York. Ramage, John ( 1794). — Portrait of George Washinffton. (Painted in 1783.) Lent bv Mrs. S.'M. Beach, Peekskill. Robertson, Archibald (1765-1835).— Portrait of George AYashington ; Portrait of Martha Washington. fPaiuted from life, at the Presidential Mansion, 1791, 1793.) Lent by Mrs. Chas. W. Darting and Airs. S. M. Mygatt, granddaughters of the artist, Utica.' Stuart, Gilbert (1755-1828).— Portrait of Robert Young of Virginia. Lent by Mr. John Russell Pope, New York. Weir. Robert (180:6-1889).- Taking the the VeiL (Painted at West Point, 1863.) Lent by ilrs. S. AI. AVeir, New York. AA'est, Benjamin (1738-1820).- Portrait of the artist as President of the Royal Academy. Lent by Mr. Clarence Win- throj) Bowen, New York; Expulsion from Eden. Lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York. " j AVrigiit, Joseph (1736-1798).— Portrait ! of ilanlia AA'ashington; Portrait of George AYashington. Leni by Mr. Clarence AA'in- throp Bowen, New- York. OIL PAINTINGS. Alexander, Harry, New Y'ork. — Chinese Interior. Allen, AV. S., New York.— Evening at the Lake. Amsdcn, Wm. T. . New York. — Spanish Jleadows. Armstrong, Maitland, New Y'ork.— White House at Pont Aven, Erittanj-. Baer, AA'm. J., New York. — Day iJ reams. Beckwith, Carroll, New Y'ork. — Mr. Isaacson; Portrait of !Miss E. A. Hall (lent by Jliss Hall, New York). Bell, E. A., New York.— Portrait, Study of a Lad}- in Gray. Blakelock, R. A., Cloverdale. — Land- scape (lent b.y Air. Thomas B. Clarke, New York); jloonlight (lent b}' Mr. W. AI. Lafiiin, New Y'ork). Blashfield, Edwin H., New York. — Christmas Bells; Portrait; The Angel with the Flaming Sword. Blenner, Carle J., New Y'ork. — Content- ment; Portrait of El Senor Don Roderigo de Saavedra, Jr., of Koyal Spanish Lega- tion, AYashington, D. C. (lent). Bogert, Geo. H., New York. — Aloon- light, Etaples, France; Alorniug. Boston, Joseph H., Brooklyn. — Gladys, a portrait. Bristol, J. B., New York. — Mount Chocorua, N. H. Brown, Alatilda, New York. — An Un- willing Alodel. Brown, J. Appleton, New Y'ork. — Spring Time. Brown, J. G., New York. — A Card Trick; Homeward Bound (lent bv Air. W. T. Evans, New York); Pull for the Shore (lent b}' Air. Isidor Strauss, New York); The Stump Speech; AYhen We AYere Girls (lent by Air. E. Asiel, New York); Training tae Dog; At the Old Cottage Door (lent by AIrT Gilbert Gaul, New York). Brush, George de Forest, New York. — The Head Dress (lent by Air. H. H. Fay, Boston); The Indian and the Lily (Lent by Air. C. D. Aliller, Jersey City); Alother and Child (lent by Air! J. 31. Sears, Boston); The Sculptor and the King (lent by Air. Henry Failing, Portland, Ore.). Butler, Howard Russell, New York. — Church of Guadaloupe. Aguas Calientes; Seaweed Gatherers, Finistere, France; Alarine. Butler, Geo. B , New York.— Girl with Tambourine. Buttles. Alary, New Y'ork. — Peasant Woman of Alsace; Julie. Chapman, Carlton T., New York. — On Cape Ann (lent by Airs. John Hutton, New York); Five o'clock at St. Ives, England. Chase, William AI., New York. — Por- trait of Airs. L. : Lady in Pink; Lillipu- tian Boats in the Park (lent by Mr. R. L. Knoedler, New York); Portrait of Airs. E. (lent); Alice, a portrait. 384 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Church, F. S., New York.— The Vi king's Daughter (lent b}' Mr. John Gel- lattly, New York); Knowledge is Power (lent by Mr. C. L. Freer, Detroit, Mich.). Clark, Rose, Buffalo. — Mother and Child. Clark, Walter, New York. — Spring. Clinedinst, B. W., New York.— Mon- sieur's Mail; The Water Colorist. ColHn, EUzabeth R., Brooklyn. — Hang- ing the Net. Coffin, Esther L. — Grapes. Coffin, ^Vm. A., New York. — Evening- lent by Mr. J. 31. Lichtenauer, New York);" Twilight (lent by Mr. John B. Ladd, Brooklyn); Early Morning (lent by Mr. W. Seward Webb, New Yoi-k); Sep- tember Breeze (lent b}' Mr. W. Seward Webb, New York); Moonlight in Harvest; A Pennsylvania Farm after a Thunder Shower. Cohen, Geo. W., New York.— A Tale of the Sea. Collins, Alfred Q., New York.— Por- trait of Joe Evans. Coman, Mrs. Charlotte B., Waterville. — The Road to Town; Florida; A Stony Brook. Conuah. Douglas John, New York. — Poi'trait (lent by Mrs. John Coinah, New York). Cox, Mrs. Kenyon (Louise H. King), New York, — The Lotos Eaters; A Rondel. Cox, Kenj'on, New York. — Echo ; Diana ; May ; A Solo; Flying Shad- ows (lent by Mr. Stanford White, New York); Portrait of L. H. K. (lent by Mrs. Kenyon Cox, New York); Music (lent by Mr. E. Finney, Milwaukee, Wis.); Painting and Poetry; An Eclogue; Por- trait of Roger D. (lent by Mr. Charles Deeriug, Chicago, 111.); Portrait of St. Gaudens (lent by Alex. St. Gaudens, New York); The Pursuit of the Ideal; A Vis- ion of Moonrisc (lent b}' Mr. Charles Deering, Chicago, 111.). Craig, Thomas B., New York. — An Upland Pasture (Morning). Crane, Bruce, New York. — The Har- vest Field (lentb}' Mr. Andrew Carnegie). Curran, Charles C, New York. — Win- ter Morning in a Barnyard (lent by Mr. Geo. I. Tyson, New York); A Corner in a Barnyard (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clai'ke, New York); A Breezj' Day (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York); A Cabbage Garden (lent by Mrs. J. A. Hewlett, Brooklyn); The Iris Bed (lent by Sir. Wm. S. Hollingsworth, New York); Scaling the Letter (lent by Mr. Henderson, Minneapolis); Hall of the Venus de Milo, in the Louvre, Paris (lent by Jlr. H. F. Shriver, New York); A 'Winter Fog; Early Morning in June (lent by Mr. Samuel T. Shaw, New York); Under the Awning (lent by Mrs. K. R. Papin, Chicago). Day, Francis, New York. — A Table d'Hote. Dearth, Henry J., Easthampton. — Au- tumn (lent by Mr. Geo. I. Tillotson, New York); A Long Island Garden. De Forest, Lockwood, New York. — Moonrise Among tiie Ruins of Palmyra. De Haas, 31. F. H., New York.— New England Coast. Dellenbaugh, Frederic S., New York. — On the Moquis Cliffs, Arizona. Deuman, Herbert, New York. — The Trio. Dewey, Charles Melville, New York. — The Hush of Day (lent by Mr. L. A. Ault Cincinnati, O.); Shadows of the Evening Hour (lent by Mr. W. T. Evans, New York); The Prelude of Night; The Re- turn of the Hay Boats (lent bv Mr. W. T. Evans, New York). Dewing, T. W., New York.— Portrait of W. M. Chase (lent by Mr. Wm. M. Chase, .New York); The Days (lent by Miss Chene_y, South Manchester, Conn.); Summer Twilight (lent, b}^ Mr. C. L. Freer. Detroit, Mich.); A Portrait (lent by Mr. Stanford AVhite, New York); A Musician (lent by Mr. C. L. Freer, De- troit); Portrait (lent by Mr, Stanford White, New York); A Lady in Blue (lent by Mr, C. L. Freer, Detroit). Deming, E. W., New York.— A Mourn- ing Brave. Dielman, Frecsrick, New York. — A New York Arab (lent by Mr. AVilliam Semple, Louisville, Ky.). Dillon, Julia, New Vork, — Peonies. Donoho, G. Ruger, New York. — La Marcellerie; The Explorers (lent by Mr. J. Hull Browning, New York). Du Mond, Frank Vincent, New York. — Christ and the Fisherman; Monastic Life; Holy Family. Dube, Mrs. Mattie, New York. — Pump- kins and Onions. Eaton, C. Harry, New York. — Land- scape (lent by Mr. Henry A. Rust, Chi- cago). Eaton, Chas. Warren, New "iork. — Woods in Winter; Moonrise; October; On the Maine Coast. Emmett, Lydia Field, New Roclielle. — Noonday (lent by Miss A. B. Ph.elps, Wilkesbarre, Pa.); The Mere. Evans, Mrs. M. E., New York.— Sep- tember Lane. Evans, Joe, New York.— The Red Gate; The Plainfleld Road. Faxon, Wm. Dailey, New York. — Maia; Lady in Profile. Foss, Harriet Campbell, New York. — A Flower Maker. Foster, Ben., New York. — A Maine Hillside (lent by Sir. Jas. T. Pettus, New York); The Returning Flock; First Days in Spring (lent by Mr. Jas. T. Pettus, Report ox the Fike Arts Exhibit. 3S5 New York); lu Foutiiinebletui Forest (leut b}- J. F. Druiuiuond. Kew York). Fiiwler, Jliirie B. O., New York, — Maine. Fowler, Frauk, New York. — Portrait, A Figure in ^Vhite (leut by Jlrs. Wni. A. Fowler, Brooklyn); Portrait (lent by Dr. Neftel, New York); Portrait (lent by Mr. "Walter Shirlaw. New York); Portrait. Girl in Black; Portrait (lent by 5Ir. H. W. Goodrich. New York). Fraser. John A., New York. — An English Spring Morning. Gaul, Gilbert. New York. — Charging the Battery (lent by 3[r. AV. T. Evans, New York); Silenced (lent by Mr. "W. :M. Chase. New York). Gay. Edward. Mt. Vernon, N. Y.— Mother Earth. Gifford, R. Swain, New York. — Over the Summer Sea; Telegraph Station at Sandy Hook; Landscape (lent by Mr. J. B. Wheeler, New York); Autumn (lent bv Mr. Thomas B. Clarke. New York); The Sea- weed Gatherers; Salt Works of Pad- anarara; Sand Dunes (lent by Jlrs. Robert Carter, New York); The Cove Road, Naushon Island, Mass. (lent by the De- troit Club. Detroit); Moorlands; The Rock of Gibraltar (lent by Jlrs. H. E. Lawrence, New York); Nashnwena (lent bj' Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York). Gill. Rosalie Lorraine, New York. — Twilight on St. Ives Bay; Portrait of Miss Inglis. Green, C. A., Brooklj-n. — Peonies. Green, Frank Russell, New York. — My Sweetheart (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York). Hammer, John J., New York. — Spring Flowers. Hardie, Robert Gordon, New York. — Portrait of the Artist's Wife. Harper, AV. St. John, Easthampton. — Autumn; Easthampton (lent by Mr. W. T. Evans, New York). Harris, Charles X., New York. — The Mowers (lent by 3Ir. Fredk. James, New York). Il.'isbrouck. D. F. , New York. — A AViiiter Morning in the Catskills (lent by Mr. E. W. Gille'tte, Chicago). Haskell, IdaC, New York.— Mother Love. Hassam. Childe. New York. — Midsum- mer Jlorning; A Snowy Day on Fifth Avenue; Autumn; Cab Station, Rue Bo- naparte, Paris; On the Way to the Grand Prix. Henry, Edward L.. New York.— The Wedding Day (lent bv Mr. Dickensen, i[t. Holyoke, Jiass.); "The County Fair (lent by 3Ir. W. F. Havemeyer, New York). Herter. Albert, New York. — Portrait cf Mrs. II. i9 Hill, Roswell S., New York. — Young Girl Reading. Howland, A. C, New York. — Fourth of July Parade (lent by Mr. W. 11. Fuller, New York). Huntington, Daniel. New York. — Por- trait of tlie Hon. Seth Low; The Gold- smith's Daughter; Portrait of Elliot F. Shepard, Jr.; Ehse. Irwin, Benoni, New York. — Portrail of Hubert Hcrkomer; Sweet Sixteen. Isham, Samuel, New York. — Portrait of a Ladj'. James, Frederick, New Y ^rk. — An Impromptu Affair in the Days n( the Code. Johns, Laura A., New York. — Apple Trees in Sunlight (lent by Mr. H. C. Johns, Decatur, 111.). Johnson, Eastman, New York. — The Cranberry Harvest, Nantucket Island, Mass. (leut bv Auguste Richard. New York); The Nantucket School of Phil- osophj' (lent by 3Ir. E. D. Adams, New York); Portrait of the Artist; Portrait of a Girl (lent bv Mr, D. L. Einstein, New York); Portrait of Dr. McCosh (lent by Mr. Alexander Maitland. New York); Two ^len; Life Size Portrait (lent by Archibald Rogers, Hyde Park). Jones, Frauds C. , New York. — Ex- changing Confidences (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York); The Favorite Grandchild; On the White Sand Dunes (lent by :\Ir. John Gellattly, New York). Jones, H. Bolton, New York. — Spring; The Flax Breaker (lent by Mr. R. J. Menafee, Louisville. Ky.). Kappes, Alfred, New York. — Tattered and Torn (lent bv the Boston Art Club, Bostou, Mass.); Rent Day (lent by :Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York). Keith, Jlrs. Dora AVheeler, New York. — Portrait of Laurence Hutton (lent bv Mr. Hutton). Kendall,- Wm. Sargent, New York. — St. Yves Pray for Us; The Glory of Fair Promise. Ketcham, Susan M., New York. — Por- trait of a Lady. Koehler, Robert, New York. — The Strike; The Carpenter's Family; At the Cafe. Koopman, August B., New York. — The Orphans; Dreaming of One Afar; Asking a Blessing. La Farge, John, New York. — Study of a Boy's Head (leut by Mr. Edward W. Hooper. C.-imbridge. Mass.); Halt of the Wise 3Ien from "the East (lent by Mu- seum of Fine Arts, Boston) ; Visit of Nicodemus to Christ ; A Venetian Guitar Player — a design for .stained glass. Lamb. Ella Condie, New York. — The Advent Angel. 3S6 New YoiJK at tiih World's Columbian Exposition. Lamiiert, Emma E., Koclicster. — Be- hind the Dunes ; A Hillside in Picardy. Low, Will II., New York.— Love Dis- armed (lent by Mr. G. G. Hubbard, Washinn-tou, D. C.) ; In an Old Garden (lent by Dr. C. B. Kelsey, New York) ; May Blossom.? (lent by Smith College, Northampton, Mass.); A Woodland Glade ; The Portrait (lent by Mr. W. T. Evans, New York). Lj'man, Joseph, New York. — Early Snow in the Adirondacks ; Sand Dunes at Annisiiuam, Mass. Mellhenny, C. Morgan, Shrub Oak. — On the Beach. Martin, Homer D., New York.— Old Manor at Cricqueboeuf (lent by Dr. D. L. Stinison, New York) ; Mussel Gather- ers at Villcrville, Normandy (lent by Mr. F. L. Gunthcr, New York); Behind the Dunes, Lake Ontario ; Head Waters ol' the IIud.son (lent by Jlr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York), Maynard, Geo. Willoughby, New York. — Flora (lent by Mrs. K. R. Papin, Chicago) ; Portrait of F. D. Millet (lent b)' Mr. Jlillet) ; Pomona ; Civilization (lent by the National Academy ol: Design, New York). Metcalf, W. L., New York.— Road to the Village, Normandy ; Summer Twilight ; Tunisian Market (lent by Mr. H. R. Astor Carey, New York). Mignot, Louis R. (deceased), New York. — Niagara. Miller, Chas. II., New York.— A Gray Day on Long Island ; The East Rivei', New York. Millet, F. D., New York.— The AVin- dow Seat (lent by Mr. Chas. Fairchild, Boston); Lacing the Sandal (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York) ; Sweet Melodies (lent by Mr. D. M. Ferry, Detroit) ; At the Inn (lent by the Union League Club, New York) ; Old Har- monies (lent by Mrs. H. K. Porter. Pitts- burg) ; Antony Van Corlear, the Trum- peter ; A DifHcult Duct (lent by Mr. C. M. Raymond. New York) ; Rook and Pigeon (lent by Mr. H. McK. Twombly, New York). Minor, Robert C, New York.— The Close ol' Day (lent by Jlr. W. T. Evans, New York) ; A\itumn ; Evening. Moeller, Louis, New York. — Searching (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York) ;' Stubborn (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York). Moran, Edward, New York.— The Eirst Shi]! Entering New York Harbor ; Life Saving Patrol, New Jersey Coast (lent by Mr. Amedee Pargis, New York); Melodies of the Sea (lent'bv Mrs. Martha E. French, Chicago) ; " The White Squadron's Farewell Salute to Commo- dore John Ericsson. I Moran, Thomas, New York. — Grand Canon of the Yellowstone ; Iceberg in Mid-Atlantic. Moran, Leon, New York. — Back from tlie Post Office. Mowbray, H. Siddons, New York. — The Rose Harvest (lent by Mr. T. Hel- man. New York) ; Arcadia (lent by Mr. W. T. Evans, New York) ; Scheherazade, "Arabian Nights "(lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York) ; The Evening Breeze (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York). ^Murphy, J. Francis, New York. — • November Grays ; The Hazy Jlorn. Needham, Charles Aus'.in, New York. — Mott Haven Canal. New York City ; A Street in New York City ; Near Fac- tory Hollow, Turner's Falls, Mass. Newconib, Mrs. Marie Guise, New York. — Sheep in the Clearing. Nicoll, J. C, New York.— " Wi lilt Rain To-Morrow 1 " ; Sunlight on the Sea. Ochtmau, Leonard, New York. — Along the jNIianus Riven Night; Harvesting by Moonlight (lent by Mr. Fredk. Benedict, New York). Palmer, Walter L., Albany. — Autumn Morning; Mists Clearing Away (lent by Mr. Jno. G. JMyers, Albanv); An Early Snow (lent by Mr. F. D." Iluctt, New York); Januar}^ (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York). Parsons, Orrin Sheldon, New York. — Lawn Tennis; A Lady in Black (lent by Mr. J. L. Ihint. New "York). Parton. Arthur, New York. — Evening After the Rain (lent by Mr. Geo. I. Seney, New York); In the jlonth of May (lent by Mr. W. T. Evans, Ne^v York). ' 'Pcnfold, Frank ('., Buffalo.— Herring Season, Pas de Calais. Phelps, Helen Watson, New York. — Abandon. Picknell, Wm. L., New York.— Early iMorning; Sunday Morning; The Edge of Winter" (lent b.y Mr. F. A. Hammond, New York); The Road to Concarneau (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York). Piatt, Charles A.. New York.— Winter Landscape; Early Spring. Raught, John' Willard, New York. — Gorse "Cutters, Brittany; The Highway, Brittany. Rchu, F. K. M., New York.— Where Waves and Sunshine Meet; Close of a Summer's Day (lent by the Buffalo Club, BnfEalo). Reid, Robert, New York. — Portrait of Little Miss S. (lent by Mrs. L. H. Stevens, New York); The Red Flower; Vision of St. Angela d'Agnaut; Her First Born. Reinhart, C.^S., New York.— Washed Ashore; Awaiting the Absent. E.EPOET OX THE FiNE AeTS ExHIBIT. ss'; Rice, Wm. M. J., New York. — Land- scape; Evening Clouds; Portrait; Portrait. Robinson. Theodore, Xew York. — A Roman Fountain; Winter Landscape (lent by 3Ir. J. il. Liclitenauer, New York); 'The Layette. Rose, Guj'. Xew Yoik. — Food for the Laborers; The End ot the Day; Potato Gatherers". Sartain. Wilham, Xew York. — Sand Dunes at JIanasquam; Nubian Sheik. Schilling, Alexander. New York. — A Day in Spring (lent by Mr. ^Uexis Lud- wig, Leonia); Landscape (lent by Mr. Alexis Ludmg, Leonia). Sewell, Mrs. Amanda Brewster, New York.— By tlie River; Portrait of Mother and Son; Sappho; Portrait of Mrs. Bou- dinot Keith (lent by Mrs. J. 3L Wheeler, New York); Washing Place in the (Jati- nais; Pleasures of the Past; A Sylvan Festival. Sewell, Robert Y. V., New York.— Diana Hunting; AVinter; In Shanty Town; Boys Bathing; Sea Urchins. Shepley, Annie B , New York. — The Wonderful Story. Sheppard, Warren, Brooklyn. — The Restless Sea (lent by Mr. J. S. Fassett, Tonawanda). Shields. Thomas W., Brooklyn. — Cava- her, time of Louis XIII. Shirlaw, Walter, New York. — Toning the Bell (lent by Mr. J. H. Willing. Chicago); Sheepshearing in the Bavarian Highlands ; Rufina (lent by the Century Association, New York). Shurtleff, R. M., New York. — Autumn Forest (lent by Mr. W. T. Evans. New York); In Autumn Woods; Looking East at Sunset. Simmons, Edward E., New York. — Early Moonhght ; Bay of St. Ives ; The Carpenter's Sou; Darby and Joan. Smedley, W. T., New York.— Embar- rassment (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York). Smillie, Geo. H., New York. — From West Moimtain, Conn. ; A Lush Place (lent by Washington Wilson, New York); 31111 Pond at Ridgefield, Conn, (lent by John S. White, New York). Smith. Henry P., New York.— Old Oaks at Waterford (lent bv Latham A. Fish, Brooklyn); Landscape at Water- ford, Conn. Smith. De Cost, New York. — Sioux Lovers (lent by Mr. E. Reuel Smith, New York); Driven Back. Slade, Emily, New York. — Portrait of Miss C. C. C. Sontag, Wm. L., New York. — Mt. Jefferson and Mt. Adams, White iloun- tains. N. H. Strickler, John R., Brooklyn. — Inter- rupted. Taggart, George, Watertown. — A Portrait. Thayer, Abbott H., Scarboro. — Por- trait of Lady (lent by Mss C. F. Stillman, New York); Brother and Sister (lent by Jlr. A. A. Carey. Boston); Yirgin En- throned (lent by Mr. J. M. Sears, Boston). Thompson. AVords worth. New York. — The Deserted Inn; In the Sweet Summer Time (lent by Mr. George H. Babcock, Plainfleld, N. J.). Throop, Frances Hunt, New York. — Spring Carn;.tions; Portrait of a Lady. Tiffany, Louis C., New Ycrk. — Market at >;ureinbin-g. Ba\'aria; Pottery Market at Wurtsberg. Toasjiern, Otto, New York. — Music. Tompkins, Clementina M. G., New York. — A Beginner in Art. Towner, Flora L., Albany. — Portrait. Trotter, Marj- K.. New York — Daph- nis; Lamplight. Tryon, D. W., New York.— New Eng- land Village ; Evening ; Night (lent by 3Ir. Thomas B. Clarke, New York); Star- light (lent by Mr. Thom.ns B. Clarke); Winter Evening (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke); October (lent by Mr. Thomas B. Clarke); Morning (lent by 3Ir. John Newall. Chicago); A Winter Afternoon; A Salt Marsh, December; Daybreak, New Bedford Harbor; Springtime"(lent by Mr. C. L. Freer, Detroit); Autumn (lent by Mr. C. L. Freer); Sunset at Sea (lent by Mr. C. L. Freer); Rising Jloon, Autumn (lent by Mr. C. L. Freer); The Rising Moon (lent by ilr. C. L. Freer). Turner, C. Y., New York. — Saw Wood and Say Nothing ; Washing Day ; The Coppersmith (lent by Mr. Theo. ilarburg. New York); Gossips (lent bv Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, New York); On the Beach, Easthampton (lent bj- Mr. W. il. Chase, New York); Afternoon Tea (lent by Mr. Chester W. Chapin, New York); The Grand Canal, Dordrecht, Holland (lent by 3Ir. 'John Taylor Johnston, New York); John Alden's Letter ; Courtship (if Miles Standish (lent bv :Mi-. Henrv 0. Howells, Flushing), The"Days That" Are No More; The Pride of the Farm. Tyler, Bayard H., New York.— AVaiting. Tyler, James G., New York. — The Norman's Woe (lent by Mr. J. M. Jones, New York). Van Boskerck, Robert AV., New York. — A Rhode Island River; The Hackensack Meadows; Sand Road from the Sea (lent by Mr. H. R. C. AVatson, New York). A^an Etten, Kruseman, New York. — Late Autumn. A'an Gorder. L. E., New York.— The Terrace. Central Park, New York. Walker, Henry O., New A'ork. — Boy on a Donkey (lent by Mrs. S. D. Warren, 388 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Boston); The Gift Bearers (lent by Miss E. H. Biirtol, Boston); Hagar and Islimael. Walker, Horatio, New York, — A Sta- ble Interior. Weir, J. Alden, New York. — Summer- land; The Lane; The Christmas Tree; Autumn; The Young Student; Portrait of Webb Weir; the Open Book; Portrait. Wentworth, Cecilia E. , New York. — Prayer. Whittemore, Wm. J., New York. — Autumn Sunshine. Whittredge, W., New York.— Khode Island Coast; The Old Hunting Ground (lent bv Mr. J. W. Pinchot, New York); The Plains (lent by the Century Club, New York). Wigand, Albright, Mt. Vernon. — Por- trait of M. J. Albright. Wigand, Otto C., Mt. Vernon.— The Old Willow Tree. Wiggins, Carlton, New York. — Even- ing, Village of Grez (lent bj' Mrs. Chas. M. Kurtz, New York); Clouds and Sun- shine (lent hy Mr. Chas. E. Dingee, Brooklyn); Midsummer (lent by Mr. John F. Dingee, Brooklyn). Wiles, L. M., New York.— The Old Quarry. Wiles, Irving K., New York. — Sun- shine and Flowers; Sunlight- in the Studio (lent by Mr. C. D. Miller, Jersev City); The Sonata (lent by 3Ir. W. f . Evans, New York.); Portraits; A Girl iu Black (lent by Mr. W. M. Chase, New York); A Lady in Green. Witt, J. H., New York.— The Celestial Choir. Wyant, A. H. (deceased). — In the Adi- rondacks (lent by Mr. W. T, Evans, New York); Evening (lent by Mrs. A. L. Wj'ant, New York); Sunset in the Woods (leot by Mr. J. M. Lichtenauer, New York); Clearing Off; An October Day; Sunset (lent by Mr. Fredk. B. Pratt, Brooklyn); In the Woods. I;OANED BY CiTIZEKS OP NeW YoRK. By Mr. J. R. Ball, New York.— Rosec (Weir, John I*"'., New Haven). By Mr. Thomas B. Clarke, Now York. — Nine O'Clock (Inness, Geo., Montclair, N. J.); September Afternoon (Ibid.); Near Marslifield (Ibid.); Sunburst (Ibid.); Tiio MiUpond (Ibid.); A Gray Lowery Day (Ibid.); The End oi the Shower (Ibid.); Twilight (Ibid.) The Delaware Valley (Ibid.); A Sunny Autumn Day ^Ibid.); A White Mountain Valley (Ibid.); A"Puritau Girl (Valk, Douglas, Minneapolis); Silcnco (Baker, William Bliss, deceased); Ulass Blowers (Ulrich, Charles F., Munich, Ba- varia); The Two Guides (Homer, Wins- low, Scarboro, Maine); The Camp Fire (Ibid.); March Wind (Ibid.); A Great Gale (Ibid.); Maine Coast iu Winter (Ibid.). By Mr. W. T. Evans.— Normandy Landscape (Eaton, C. Ilarr}'); In the Land of Promise, Castle Garden (IJIrich, Chas. F., Munich, Bavaria); Reflection (Fitz. B. R., deceased). By Mr. Davis Johnson — A Venetian Model (Vedder, Elihu). By Mr. C. Klacliner — Southern Field Trials, 1891 (Tracy, John M., deceased). By Col. J. G. Moore.— Delilah (Vedder, Elihu, Rome); Sampson (Ibid.). By Mr. William R. O'Donovan.- The Sculptor (Eakius, Thomas, Philadelphia). By Mrs. A. F. Roudcbush.— The Cup of Love (Vedder, Elihu, Rome, Italy); The Young Marsyas (Ibid.); A Soul iu Bondage (Ibid.). By Messrs. Reicliard & Co.— The Re- turn from the Hunt (Homer, Winslow). By Mr. Augustus St. Gaudens. — Por- trait (Sargent, John S., London, Eng.). By Chas. Scribner's Sons. — The Brook- lyn Bridge (Twaclitman, J. H., Green- wich, Conn.). By Mr. F. L. Smith.— Portrait (Smith, Frank Eugene, Munich, Bavaria). By Mr.'W. H. Tailer, Dobbs Ferry.— The Water's Edge (Gardner, Elizabeth, Paris). By Mrs. E. A. Thouron. — Resting (Thouron, Henry, Philadelphia). By tlie University Club, New York. — Portrait of Admiral Farragut (Weir, John F.). By Mr. J. B. Wheeler.- The Pursuit (Trego, William T., North Wales. Peun.); Morning (Vedder, Elihu, Rome, Italy). Loan Collection of Foreign Works FROM Private Galleries in New York State. From Mrs. Prescott Hall Butler. —Beach at Portici, Italy (Fortuny, Mariano, 1838-1 ST4, Spain). From Mr. William Buchanan. — Sun Breaking through the Mist (Francais, Francois-Louis, Paris); An Odalisque (Carolus-Dui-an, Emile-Auguste, Paris). From Mr. Alfred Corning Clark.— After the Bath (Millet, Jean Francois, 1814-1875, Prance); The Gleaners (Ibid.); Christ at the Tomb (Delacroix, Ferd. Victor Eu- gene, 1798-1863, France); Tiger Quench- ing his Thirst (Ibid.); Le Montreur de Serpents (Gerome, Jean Leon, France); Evening (Corot, Jean Baptiste Camille, 1796-18'75, France); Coast near Dieppe (Daubigny, Cliarles Francois, 1817-1878). From Mrs. Alfred Corning Clark.— The Haymaker (Millet, Jean Francois, 1814^ 1875, France). From Mr. L. Crist. Delmouico. — A Sewing Bee in Holland (Uhde, Fritz von, Munich, Bavaria). -I. ,s^ ^>v^;' '^^* E.EPOET ON THE FiNE AeTS ExHIBIT. 389 From Mr. Wm. H. Fullw.— The Plain of Montuiartre, Paris (Jlic-hel, Georges, 1743-1838, France); The Horseman (Ibid.); The Open Sea (Diipre, Jules, 1S13-1889, France); AVeymouth Bay (Constable, John, 17;(j-183r, England). From the collection ol' the late Jay Gould. — Evening (Carot, Jean Baptiste Camille, 179G-1ST5, France); A Pastoral (Bouheur, ]Mlle. Eosa, Paris) ; View on the Seine (Rousseau, Theodore, 1812-1867, France). From Mr. CoUis P. Huntington. — Colza Gatherers (Breton, Jules xVilolphe, Paris); The Spj' (Neville, Alphonse Marie de, 1836-1887, France). From Mr. Henry Havemeyer. — The Flight from Sodom (Corot, Jean Baptiste Camille, France); Dogs and Hare (Cour- bet, Gustave, 1819-1877, France). From Mr. James S. Inglis. — The Dead Toreador (Manet, Edouard, 1833-1883, France). From Mr. Meyer Jonassen. — Study, French Peasant Girl's Head (Desau, Louis P.. France). From Mr. Joseph JefEerson. — The Flock (Mauve, Anton, 1838-1888, Hol- land). From Mr. Henry G. Marquand. — A Reading from Homer (Alma-Tadema, Laurens, London). From Mr. D. W. Powers, Rochester. — The Falconer (Fromentin, Eugene, 1830- 1876, Paris.) From Mr. Albert Spencer. — Dawn on the Coast of the North Sea (Monet, Claude, P;iris); Morning Fog (Ibid.); Race Horses (Degas, Paris); In the Garden (Renoir, A., P.iris). From Mr. Frank Hill Smith.— A Lone Tree, Autumn (Rousseau, Theod., 1813- 1867, France). From Mr. Cornelius Vandcrbilt. — A Drove of Cattle and Sheep (Troyon, Con- stant, 1810-1865, France). WATER COLORS. when not otherwise designated the residence of the artists in this list is New Yorlc citj^. The numerals attached denote the uumoer of pictures on exhibition. Baker, J. Elder. 1. Birney, Wm. Verplauck. 1. Blashfield, Edwin H. 1. Bradbury. M. K. 1. Bradley, Horace. 1. Bricher, A. T. 1. Brown. J. G. 1. Carter, Ferdinand A., Syracuse. 1. Chapman, Carlton T. 1. Church, F. S. 1. Coffln, Esther L. 3. . Currau, C. C. 3. Daingerfleld, EUiott. 1. De'Luce, Percival. 1. Drake, W. II. 3. Eaton, C. Harry. 3. Eaton, Chas. Warren. 3. Edwards, Geo. Wharton. 3. Foster, Ben. 3. Franzeu, xVugust. 2. Eraser, John A. 5. Gibson, W. Hamilton, Brooklyn. 8. Gifford, R. Swain. 4. Hammer, John J. 1. Harison, Maiy A., Brooklyn. 1 Hassam, Childe. 5. Henry, Edward L. 1. Herter, Albert. 1. Ihlefield, Henry. 1. Jones, Francis C. 1. Jones, II. Bolton. 8. Kappes, Alfred Van Courtlandt. 1. Keller, Arthur J. 1. La Farge, John. 3. Lampert, EmmaE., Rochester. 3. McChesuey, Clara T. 3. Mcllhenny, C. Morgan, Shrub Oak. 3. Manley, Thos. R. 1. Maynard, Geo. Willoughhy. 2. Mente, Charles. 4. 3Iillet, F. D. 1. Minor, Robert C. 1. Jlorau, Edward. 1. Nichols, Rhoda Holmes. 3. Nicoll, J. C. 4. Needham, t'has. Austin. 1. Ochtman, Leonard. 1. Perrie, Bertha E. 1. Pitkin, Caroline "W. 1. Pomeroy, Grace V. 1. Redmond, J. J. 1. Rehn, F. K. M. 1. Rix, Julian. 3. Satterlee, Walter. 3. Sawyer, D. Wallace. 1. Schilling, Alexander. 2. Scott, Mrs. E. M. 4. SLci-wood, Rosina Emmet. 3. Smedley, W. T. 9. Smillie, N. S. J. 1. Smith, F. Hopkinson. 4. Snell, Henry B. 1. Thulstrup, T. de. 3. Tiffany, Louis C. 6. Tyler," James G. 1. Vauderveer, Mary A., Amsterdam. 1. Walton, Wm. 1. AVhittemore, Wm. J. 5. CHALK, CHARCOAL, PASTEL, PEN- CIL AND OTHER DRAWINGS. WORKS IN BLACK AND WHITE, ETC. Allan, W. R. 4. Bacher, Otto H. 8. Binuey, JIartha G. 1. Birch, Reginald B. 2. Blashfield. Edwin H. 8. Blum, Robert. 17. Bradley, Horace. 1. 390 ]S"e\v York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Brown, J. Appleton. 4. Burns, M. J. 2. Champuey, J. AVells. 3. Chapman, Carlton T. 3. Chase, Wm. M. 3. Church, F. S. 2. Cox, Kenyon. 4. Denman, Herbert. 3. Dumond, F V. 5. Eaton, Charles Warren. 4. Edwards, George Wharton. 2. Emmet, Lydla Field. 1. Fraser, John A. 4. Gates, J. H. 1. Gaul, Gilbert. 12. Gibson, C. D. 3. Gibson, W. Hamilton, Brooklyn. l."j. Hammer, John. 1. Hecker, Caroline T. 1. Hyde, W. H. 1. Josephi, J. A. 1. Kemble, E. W., New Rochelle. 3. Low, Will H. 3. Metcalf, W. L. 3. Millet, F. D. 5. Mills, Lena. 3. Mowbray, H. Siddons. 1. Necker, Caroline T. 1. Parsons, Alfred. 9. Pennington, Harper. 1. Perard, Victor. 3. Reinhart, C. S. 7. Remington, Frederick, New Rochelle. 13. Reynolds, Alice M. 1. Robin.son, Theodore. 1. Rogers, W. A. 11. Sherwood, Rosina Emmet. 4. Shirlaw, Walter. 1. Smedley, W. T. 35. Smith, F. Hopkinson. 3. Taber. W. 1. Taylor, Charles J. 1. Thulstrup, T. de. 18. Tyler, Bayard H. 3. Van Schaick, S. W. 5. Wenzell, A. B. 16. Wiles, Irving R. 17. Woodward, J. D. 1 Zoffbaum, R. F. 3. PEN AND INK DRAWINGS. Bacher, Otto H. 3. Bellew, F. P. W. 1. Blashfleld, Edwin H. 1. Blum, Robert. 8. Broughton, C. 1. Cox, Kenyon. 1. Eaton, Wyatt. 1. Gibson, C. D. 36. Hertord, O. 1. Johnson, C. H. 1. Kemble, E, W., New Rochelle. 10. Metcalf, W. L. 1. Reinhart, C. S. 3. Remington, Frank, New Rochelle. 1. Remington, Frederick, New Rochelle. 3. Rogers, W. A. 14. Taber, W. 3. Taylor, Chas. J. 7. ENGRAVINGS, ETCHINGS, PRINTS. Bloodgood, Robert F. 3. Calahan, James T. 1. Chapman, Carlton T. 16. Dielman. Fredk. 1. GifEord, R. Swain. 6. Johnson, Thomas. 3. Manley, Thomas R. 7. Mercier, Gustav. 4. Mielatz, Chas. F. W. 31. Moran, M. Nimmo. 12. Mygatt, Robertson K. 10. Nicoll, J. C. 5. Piatt, Chas, A. 17. Smith, Sidney L. 13. Schilling, Alexander. 37. Sartain. Wm. 3. Vauderhoof, Chas. A. 13. Van Etten, Kruseman. 3. Weir, J. Alden. 36. Whittemore, Wm. J. 2. Whittemore, Chas. E. 3. Yewell, Geo. H. 3. WOOD ENGRAVINGS. Aikman, Walter M., Brooklyn. 9. Aitkeu, Peter. 3. Baker, Horace. 3. Bernstrom, Victor M., Grand View-on Hudson. 7. Cole, Timothy. 25. Collins, Robert C. 4. Comstock, Mrs. Anna Botsford, Ithaca. 6. Cooper, Edith. 4. Davidson, Harry. 7. Davis, John P. 7. Del'Orme, E. H. 6. Evans, John W. , Brooklyn. 4. Girsch, F., Mt. Vernon. 3. Heinmann, Ernest, Ft. Wadsworth. 1, Johnson, Thomas. 13. Miller, William. 7. Muller, R. A., Brooklyn. 7. Pettit, F. A., Brooklyn. 4. Putnam, S. G., Corona. 9. Schladitz, E. 2. Schlecht, Chas. 5. Schwarzburger, C, Brooklyn. 2. State, Charles. 3. Sugden, Thos. D., Flushing. 1. Svlvester, Harry E. 4. fietze, Richard G. 3. Tinkey, John, Brooklyn. 5. Wiekendeu, Robt. J. 1. AVolf, Henry. 11. Rkhokt on the Fixe Akts Exiiinrr. 391 ARCHITECTURE AND DECORA- TION. IN WATER COLOR. PEN DRAWING, SEPIA, PHOTOGRAPH, WASH DRAWING, MODEL, ETC. Aldrich, Chester Holmes. 2. Babb, Cook ct Williird. 9. Bei-i;- & Clark. 1. Boring, Tilton & Mailing. 2. Bruuner & Tryon. 4. Busk-Brown, Mrs. M. Leslie, Newburg. 3. C'arrero ifc Hastings. 11. Car_y, George, Buffalo. 1. Caiy & Trowbridge, Buffalo. 1. Clinton, Chas. W. 2. Cusack, AYm. H., Poughkeepsie. 3. Daus, R. L., Brookljrn. Fosdiek, J. AVni. 1. Fowler. Frank. 11. 1. Flagg, Ernest. 1. Gibson , R. W. 1. Green Sc Wicks, Buffalo Griffin A: Randall. 4. Hamlin, A. D. 1. Hardeuburgh, H. .1. 2. Herts, Henry B 1. Hewlett, J. "M. 1. Hunt, Richard M. 1. Huss, Geo. Martin. 3. Ihneu. Henry ,S. 1. Kendall, Edward H. 1. Kent, W. W. 4. Kimliall & Thompson. 1. Lamb & Rich. 2. Le Brun, N., & Sons. 1. Little & O' Conner. 1. McDowell, Mary (Tiffany Glass Co.). 1. McKim, Mead i: White. 14. Northrup, Agues F., Flushing. 1. Parfltt Brothers, Brooklyn. 3. Price, Bruce. 3. Reid, Robert. 4. Robertson, R. H. 1. Romeyn & Stever. 1. Rossiter & Wright. 2. Sperry, Edw. Peck (Tiffany Glass Co.). 2. Stoughtou, Arthur A. 1. Tiffany, Louis C. 2. Totten, Geo. 0., Jr. 1. Tubby, Wm. B. 3. Turner, Thornton Floyd. 3. Tuthill, Wni. Burnett. 4. Wells, Edmund B. 1. LOAN COLLECTION. WATER COLORS. Bourne, Mr. F. G. 1. Clarke, Jlr. Thomas B. 1. Cordova, Miss Helene de. 1. . Evans, Mr. Wm. T. 3. Francke, Mr. Louis J. 1. Imlach, Miss Louise. 1. Knapp, Mr. Shcppard. 1. • Marquand, Mr. Henry G. 3. Scribner's Sons, Charles. 9. Sherwood, Mrs. John H. 1. Van Dorn, Mrs. ir Watson, Mr. Walter. 1. CHALK, CHARCOAL, PASTEL,WASH DRAWINGS, ETC. Art Students' League. 1. Centurv Company. 89. Chase, "."Mr. William M. 1. Curi'an, Mr. C. C. 1. Harper ic Brothers. 41. Leshe's Weekly. 1. Mitchell & Mifler ("Life "). 20. Schwarznian, Mr. A. 1. Scribner's Sons, Cliarles. 62. Warner, Mr. Olin L. 1. Young Women's Christian Associa- tion. 1. PEN AND INK DRAWINGS, ETCH- INGS, ETC. Bishop, Mr. Heber R. 8. Carter, Mr. Walter S., Brooklyn. 7. Century Company. 63. Gibson, Mr. W. C.Port Chester. 1, Harper & Brothers. 14. Kennedy, Mr. Edward G. 13. Klackner, Mr. C. 3. Mansfield, ..Mr. Howard. 20. Mitchell & Miller (" Life "). 16. Scribner's Sous, Charles. 14. Vanderbilt, Mr. George W. 3. WOOD ENGRAVINGS. Ceiitury Companj'. 31. Harper & Brothers. 11. Klackner, Mr. C. 3. Montross, Mr. N. E. 2. For list of paintings and sculpture from New York State sent to the women's department of the World's Fair and exhib- ited in the W^oman's Building, see page 192. 392 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition.' NOlSr-COMPETITOES FOEAWAEDS: NEWTOEK. Works by the following artists in the United States section were not examined by the board of judges. The artists whose names are marlied with the * were members of the board of judges. Otliers in the list particularly specified when sending works that their productions were not entered for examination for awards. CONTRIBUTOBS OF *French, Daniel C. * Warner, Olin L. SCULPTUHE. CONTRIBUTORS OP OIL PAINT- INGS. Alexander, Henry. Allen, W. S. Arasden, Wm. T. Baer, Wm. J. Bell, Edward A. Blakelock, R. A. Blenner, Carle J. Boston, Joseph H. Bristol, J. B. Brown, J. Appleton. Brown, J. G. Brown, Matilda. Bush-Brown, Mrs. Butler, Geo. B. Buttles, Mary. Chapman, Carleton T. *Chase, Wm. M. Clark, Rose. Clark, Walter. CHnedinst, B. W. CofBn, Elizabeth R. Cohen, Geo. W. Coman, Mrs. Charlotte D. De Forest, Lockwood. De Haas, M. F. H. *Dielmau, Fredk. Dillon, Julia. Dube, Mattie. Dvorak, Prank. Eaton, C. Harry. Eaton, Chas. Warren. Emmet, Lydia F. Evans, Jos. Faxon, Wm. Baily. Powley, Mary B. O. Eraser, John A. *GifEord, R. Swain. Gill, Rosalie L. ■ Green, C. A. Green, Frank Russell. *-* Hammer, John J. Harris, Chas. X. Haskell, Ida C. Haynes, C. Coventry. Henry, Edward L. Herter, Albert. Hill, Roswell S. Irwin, Benoni. Isham, Samuel. Keith, Mrs. Dora Wheeler. Ketcham, Susan M. Koehler, Robert. *La Farge, John. Lamb, Ella Condie. Lyman, Joseph. '•■Maynard, Geo. Willoughby. Miller, Chas. H. •■■Millet, Prank D. Minor, Robert C. Moran, Edward. Newcomb, Mrs. Marie Guise. ••-NicoU, J. C. Raught, John William. Rehn, P. K. M. Rice, Wm. J. Schilling, Alexander. Shepley, xVnuie B. Shields, Thomas W. *Shirlaw, Walter. Slade, Emily. Smith, De Cost. Smith, Henry P. Strickler, John R. Taggart, George. Van Etten, Krauseman. Van Gordcr, L. S. Wigand, A. A. *Whittredge, W. WATER COLORS. Birnej', Wm. Verplanck. Bradbury, M. R. Chapman, Carleton T. Curran, Charles C. De Luce, Percival. Eaton, C. HarrJ^ Eaton, Chas. Warren. Foster, Ben. Eraser, John A. Gibson, W. Hamilton. Henry, Edward L. Mente, Charles. *Nicoll, J. C. Ochtman, Leonard. Pitkin, Caroline W. Redmond, J. J. Rehn, P. K. M. Satterlee, Walter. Schilling, Alex. Scott, Mrs. E. M. Walton, William. MISCELLANEOUS DRAWINGS. Blashfield, E. H. Bloodgood, Robert P. Burns, M. J. Cox, Kenyon. Denman, Herbert. 1) < o Z3 O > TIepoet ox the Fixe Arts Exhibit. 393 Edwards. G. W. Fraser, .1. A. Hammer, .lohii J. Hyde, W. H. Kcmb'c. E. W. *iDllet. F. D. Pai-sons, Alfred. Penuingtou, Harper. Perard, Y. Robinson. Theodore. Rogers, AV. A. *Shir)a-n-, Walter. Smith, F. Hopkinson. Taber, W. Tavlor. Charles .Jay. Tyler, Bayard II. " Van Scha'iek, S. W. Wickendcn. R. J. "Wiles, Irving R, Woodward, J. D. PASTELS. Allan, W. U. Binney. Martha G. Charapnev, .1. Wells. "Chase. Wm. il. Eaton, Chas. Warrci}. Reynolds, Alice M, 50 REPOET ON THE EXHIBIT OF THE NEW YORK STATE WORKINGMAN'S MODEL HOME. By KATHARINE BEMENT DAVIS, Rochester, Dikectoe. Okigin of Exhibit. When it became certain that women were to have an important part in the management of the World's Cohmihian Exposition, the thouglit came to many women whose cliief interest lay in the household that now would be the opportunitj' for gathering together all that art and ai'chitecture had done for beautifying the home, or science and inven- tion for perfecting its sanitation, increasing its conveniences and improving its labor-saving devices. If sanitary appliances could have been taken from the Anthropologi- cal Building, tapestries, art needle work and other beautiful household decorations from the Woman's Building, silver and china from the Manufactures Building, electrical inventions from the Electricity Building, food exhibits from the Agricultural Building, and all placed under one great roof, women would have stood amazed at the stupen- dous progress made in the last fifty years in beautifying and improving the home. It was the anticipation of this which caused Lucy M. Salmon, pro- fessor of liistory at Vassar College, to turn her attenti(_)n towai-d the possibility of having exhiliited at Chicago a model house wherein all that could be gathered together of the best and most approved in plan, furnishing and household management should show to the world an ideal Araei'ican home. It must always be a lasting regret to those interested in all phases of domestic economy that this admirable plan was not carried out as conceived, but the different women's boards to whom tlie plan was presented found its execution for various reasons impracticable. While under discussion by the ISTew York State Boai-d of Women Managers the plan attracted the notice of Hon. John Boyd Thacher of the Board of Grcneral Managers of New York State and chairman of the Executive Ccanmittee on Awards. He was pleased with the idea, saw its value, and finally determined upon a modification of the pro- posed plan, which in his judgment would render it still more likely to accomplish good. This modification was that the house should be a working man^s model home. The fact was recognized that in order to attain to tiie liighest conditions of living it is necessary not only that the workingman earn a fair wage but that he and his be educated sufficiently to distinguish between the necessary and the unnecessary, the cheap and the shoddy ; that which is truly worth having from that which gives only temporary pleasure. The exhibition of a home, where a practical illustration of right principles could be given, would have great educational value to the WoekinctMAn's Model Home. 395 masses, ■would prove suggestive to tliose engaged in practical pliilan- tbropic work, and would perhaps stiniidate more general study along such lines. Secondarily, such an exhibit would be of the greatest interest to foreign visitors as an example of the possibilities of the workingman's ideal home in the Uiuted States. Mr. Tliacber awakened siiflieient interest among the other members of the New York State board to secure the appropriation of tlie funds necessary to cany out this |)lan. Miss Katharine 1>. Davis, of Rochester, N". Y., was chosen to work out the plan in its details and to take charge of the exhibit at Chicago. Development of Exhibit. It was the ith of March, lSil;->, when it was definitely decided that the house should be built. The time was all too short for what was to be done, and to this fact is largely due the incompleteness and imper- fections in the working out of the scheme. Guided by the national labor statistics as well as by observation, $500 was taken to represent the income of an industrious laborer in times when stead}' work could be had. Tlie earnings were to be entirely' those of the father of the family. To furnish a basis for work an imaginary family was created. Their family history was consti'iicted with a view of illustrating in the exhibit what seemed to be vital points in the history of any family. A young couple are engaged to be married. Both are wage-earners: he, a laboring man, making $500 a year ; she, possibly a house servant, the most favorable supposition, at three dollars a week and board. If they have not others dependent on their earnings, with such an end in view each can save §100 a year. If they cannot do better than that let them wait at least two years before marrying. With $4:(")0 in cash $100 can be put away in the bank as a nest egg or against " a rainy day." With the remaining $300 their house can be completely furnished. Certainly, most young working people begin witli less. We are imagining the ideal thing. Having furnished the house and settled the young couple in it, we pass on a dozen years or so and find them, in tlie year of the World's Fair, 1893, settled in Chicago, living through the hardest period hi a fandly's history — that in which there is a growing family, each too young to add to the family income. The mother, if the family is to be an ideal one, does not herself try, through tliis period, at least, to be a worker outside the home. If she is cook and sewing woman, nurse and manager of the family income, she is as truly earning as if she brought actual dollars and cents into the family treasury. For there is no real economy in a home where the children are uncared for, the house untidy, tlie fc^od unpalatable and innutritions. We find them there with a family of four children, all under ten years. We will call them, for convenience, a girl of ten, a boy of eight, a girl of five, and a baby boy in the cradle. Under these conditions, if the father and mother are judicious, how will they apportion their income of $500 among the necessary items of family expense ? This consideration gives us an opportunity to illustrate three of the most vital points — the expenditure for rent, clothing and food. Here 396 Nkw "^'iiifK AT 'i-iiio AVoKi.n's (\ii.r.Mr.iAx I^Iximsi imon. ohsorvation iiiul iiivt'sli_i;'iili(in, curri'cti'd liv slatistics, I'liniisli a i^'uido as to tlio possibilities. Mr. ('arml D. \\'ri<;'lit, in his Sixfli Annual Jii'imi't (ISDO) on tho (lost ol' tiio Prodm'tioii of Iron, Stool, oto., shows that in 2,400 families invostigatoil, of various nationalitit>s, 1,'J!)4 Loiiij^' Auiorican, llu' |ior(t('nta<>;o of o.\|)onclilun' In incoioo was: IJcnt, twelve and two-tenths per rent ; elothini;', eighteen and three-tenths per eent ; food, thii't v-uine per cent. The aA'ei'at!;e income I'ur these fannlies was ^C)^2'2. 14. Mr. Kdward .VtUinson, in his Seienee of N ul rilion, ipioiiiii;' IVom Mr. A\'ri_!;-ht's Iveport of the Hiireau ul' l.aliiu- Statistics of Mussaehusetts IVir ISS4, gives t,h(> pereentagi^ ol' incomi^ sjient for 1\)od in families of that State, whose incdnu' is ^^lUii) nr k'ss, as from sixty-three to sixty- four jier e(Mit. The cost of clothing is practically the same throughout the euunlry ; likewise tlie average cost o( food, since tlu' higher ])rice of certain articles in one locality is (Munterbalanced hy the cheaiiness of others. The item of rent is that wdiicli must \'ary most in dilVi'riMit localities, being, of course, nnich greater I'm' the same number of rooms in the city than in towns or iu the country. As the Woi'kingmun's Home was a New York State exhibit, incjuirics were carried on iu the various cities of the State, and the results showed that suites of fnur rooms, with di'cent con\euienc.es, or snudl detaclaHl liouscs, could not generally be had at less than ten dollars a uu)nth. 'i'his would be the maxinunn of what a workingman ciadd |)ay and still have sulficiiMit food and decent clothing. Accoi-dingly, ten dollins a mouth, or $120 a year, was set aside for rent. Statistics showed tho greatest variation in the matter of expenditui-e for food ; from thirty-nine per ccait of the income among t'.u? coal and iron Workers to sixty-lour per cent auuaig the Massachn.setts laborers, largely factory operatives. A careful study of the food ijuestion shows that sixty-four jier cent of tho inciane spent for foinl is i'xtra\'aganlly dispi'opcn'tiouate and unnecessary. For forty per cent of the $5011 income, or for $200 a year, our supposed family can have sulhciei\t nutritious food to satisfy not only the apiietito but also all physiological n(|uirements as shown hy scientific investigation. Hence $200 was allowed for food. .\ consideration of the idothing resulted in the decision that $i(it> properly exptaah'd would clothe tlu' entire family neatly and comfortably. The apportionment of income stands, ihei'efore: Income $r)00 Eent, at $10 per mouth $120 (Nothing 100 Food . .' 200 Fuel 30 Miscellaneous TiO Total f. 500 In brief, the exhibit of the W'w York State Workingman's Model Home undei'took 1o answer, partially at least, the following ipiestions: Woekixgman's Model Home. 397 First. How good a house can be built in the State of New York, outside of the cities of J^ew York and Brooklyn, so as to rent for ten dollars a month ? .Second. How completely and suitably can such a house be fur- mislied for $300 ? Third. How well can a family of six persons, father, mother and four children under ten years of age, be clothed on $100 per year ? Fourth. How much and wh..t variety of food can the above family have for $200 a year, and can the requirements made by a scientific study of foods be met in practice for such an amount ? These questions will be taken up in order, and the manner in whicli they were answered will be considered. The House. "Do you not believe that the workingman should own his own home '. " " Why do you not show some plan by which a man's pay- ment of rent can apply on the purchase of his house ? " " Do you believe in )'e7itin.g a house ? " These were some of the questions asked each day of those in charge of the Workingman's Home. The question of rent versus ownership is a most important one. Jfo attempt was made -in the exhibit to show how every laborer may own his own house. The various loan and building associations are endeav- oring to make it possible. It means the utmost industry, care, thrift and self-denial on the part of the laborer and his family, with a chance of losing all the savings through sickness or misfortune. The courage- ous minority attem^at it. The majority are compelled to rent. Too often, especially in the cities, the poor man ]3ays an enormous percent- age upon tr.e value of the inconveniences he enjoys. How good a house can a capitalist build in one of our New Yoi'k cities ".nd rent for ten dollars a month, making a fair return on his investment ? The result of consultations with business men of experi- ence was a decision that, exclusive of the land, $1,000 could be put into a house which should rent for $120 per year, the belief being tliat a small lot ^ould be purchased in certain parts, or on the outskirts of our N3W Yoi'k cities and towns at a price which would make that rent pay a fair profit on the entire investment: Lack of time prevented the submitting of competitive designs for the house. Except for this, a more artistic one might have been secured, but hardly a more convenient one. In the emergency caused bv the fact that the exposition authorities insisted that the house should be inclosed at an earlier date than had been expected, Mr. Frederick B. Pratt, a man not only widely known as secretary of the Pi-att Institute, Brooklyn, N. Y., but also in connection ^^dth the com- fortalile housing of the poor in the city in which he lives, most gener- ously undertook to furnish the plans and working drawings. After consultation "with his architects and others, the plans used were pre- pared liy Prijf. W. S. Perry, head of the department of art at the Pratt Institute. The house at Chicago stood in the extreme southern portion of the grounds, not far from the Anthropological Building, and directly across 398 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. from the buildings of tlie French agricultural colonies. In appear- ance it resembled hundreds of the cottages one sees scattered through New York and New England ; white, with green blinds, little porch with vines and hanging baskets, window boxes of green-painted pine, and flower beds filled with inexpensive but cheery flowering plants ; brown Holland shades at the windows and a white muslin curtain at tlie half-glass front door, to which led the graveled path. The house had a frontage of twenty feet and a rear depth of twenty- eight feet. It would stand, therefore, on a twenty-flve foot lot. The accompanying cuts are reproductions of the working ch'awings, giving the front and rear elevations, the floor plans and the plans for framing, followed by a '• bill of material," prepared by Mr. John Coder, the builder of the house. The demand for plans by the visitors was so great that after the middle of July they were published in pamphlet form and sold at twenty-flve cents a copy. A second edition was necessary. The exterior of the house was, to say the least, commonplace. With less haste it is probable that something which would have given more pleasure to the eye could liave been devised. But those interested were unwilling to sacriflee necessity or convenience for mere beauty, believing that after all fltness is tlie best of beauty. ' At the moment it seemed that something must be sacriflced in order to come withiu the money limit, and have that great desideratum, a bathroom. Tested by the severe test of use, fewer criticisms could be made on the arrangement of the interior than the planner had expected. In the flrst place, all available space was judiciously economized ; then there was, considering the size of the house, ample closet room. " It is entirely unnecessary and too expensive to give a laboring man so many closets," said more than one careful builder. No housewife made this criticism. The arrangement of kitchen, pantry, sink and stove, was such as to save the steps of the housekeeper as far as ])ossible. Windows and doors were so placed as to afford suitable spaces for the necessary articles of furniture, and to permit eas}' and rapid airing of all rooms. The sitting room fireplace was an additional and most important means of securing ventilation, the only drawback being that where the cost of fuel was so important an item, it would probably have to be closed in winter when a stove would have to be used. In the arrangement of the rooms the placing of the bathroom was a question which received considerable thought. It was Anally located as in the plans, because, first, the cost of plumbing was considerably less where pipes were not carried to the second floor ; and, secondly, it was not possible to put a hot water pipe into the bathtub and come within the estimated cost. The proximity of the kitchen makes it easy for the mother of the family to put her washboiler on the kitchen fire and carry the hot water in pails_,to the tub. Finally, its position makes it the warmest possible in winter, when the heat coming in from the kitchen, supplemented by that of a central draft lamp, would raise the temperature high enough for bathing. The bathtul:) itself was tin, with wooden casing. The closet was of the most approved "washout" pattern, with flush tank. The location of the kitchen sink on the oppo- Woekingman's Model PIome. 309 site side of the wall, was also with the view of making the plumbing bill as low as possible. Trajjs were of the best sort. The stairway was made of yellow pine, posts and balustrade oiled. Many prefer varnish as a finish. It is brigliter and brings out better the natural grain of the wood. The objection to it is that it sliows every knock and scratch. The lloors were of carefully selected and matched pine. In all the rooms of the first story the floors were painted in suitable tints not too dark. In the second stoiy brown stain Avas used instead of paint in order to test the relative durability. The staiu used was of the best, two coats being applied. No floors in a private house could ever get the wear that came on these floors during the five months that the house was open. The paint wore the better, looking decent long after the stain had disappeared. The walls throughout the house were painted. The first cost of paint was considerably greater than paper, but it needs much less frequent renewal, and from a sanitary point of view is far preferable. The plastered walls should of course first receive a perfectly smooth finish. Then the paint can be wiped like the woodwork and kept perfectly free from dust, dirt and bacteria. Care should be taken not t(_i get the walls and ceilings too dark, and colors should be selected that will harmonize well with the furnishing ; a pretty tinting costs no more than an ugly one. It costs very little moi'e to have the ceiling a few shades lighter than the walls and the eiiect is better. In the sitting room the open fireplace was of the yellow Pennsyl- vania brick of which the chimney was also built. The basket grate burned either wood or coal. The estimate for the house did not include the outside blinds, or screens for doors and windows. The blinds were put on at Chicago in anticipation of great heat, outside shutters which prevent the sun's rays from striking the glass being the most effectual method of keep- inir a small house cool. As for the screens, black mosc[uito netting- tacked tightly to the outside of the windows costs veiy little and does not look badly. If the man or woman of the family has any gumption a light door frame' can be made and covered with the same, for the side door at least, which will be most used by the family. A cellar underneath the whole house -was included in the estimate, nothing being allowed, however, for partitioning it into rooms or for a cement floor. The lack of a cement floor was a grave error. In most localities this would be a sanitary necessity unless the under drainage was absolutely perfect. Even then there would be the dangers from ground air which only the most careful ventilation could overcome. The entrance to the cellar was under the stairway. At Chicago, the house being situated on the sand, not far from the lake shore, the dig- ging of a cellar was not considered practicable. The question was asked many times, " "What changes would you suggest after having lived in the house ? " The changes in arrange- ment which seemed desirable were few. If the two front windows on both floors were put together and a sin- gle larger, perhajss, a douljle window made, m<;)re convenient wall space Would be given. This was particularly desirable in the bedroom, where 400 jMew Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. of necessity the head of one of the single beds projected beyond the window. The moving of the two rear windows, on the right-hand side, two feet to the front would also be an improvement. In the kitchen, ^\'hile the room would, perhaps, not look as well, it would give a direct draught across the kitchen range which would be of great help in sum- mer in carrying off unnecessary heat. In the bedroom above it would jjrevent a direct breeze upon the beds, which can be put only in one place. If the closet opening out of the sitting room were to exchange places with the door between that room and the kitchen, and its do6r open into the kitchen, it would make it more convenient for its purpose as a receptacle for out-of-door wraps, rubliers and umbrellas, being nearer the side door. It would also prevent much tracking across the sitting- room rug. If the doorway of the half closet upstairs were moved up to the door of the front bedroom and the necessary inclosure of t]:e stairway made, the closet would be large enough to hold a single bed and still have room enough to hang garments, or it could all be used as store- room and closet. The choice would be between utility and the appear- ance of the upper hall. A great addition to the convenience of the house would be a shed in the rear, which could be used as a laundry. This would not be expensive. The building estimates have been confirmed by the erection of houses from the plans in several localities, which have come within the $1,000 limit. One built in Chicago before the close of the fair had a broad covered stoop across the entire back of the house, a door being put in place of the back kitchen window, and with this addition did not exceed $1,000. In parts of the country where lumber is cheap the house could probably be built for less. Bill op Material and Laboe. 28 20 8x8, 28 Eighty yards of excavating. Twentj-'five yards masonry. Bill of lumber, two pieces, 6x8, feet long, hemlocli. Bill of lumber, two pieces, 6x8, feet long, hsmlock. Bill of lumber, one jjiece feet long, hemlock. Forty two joists, 2x9, 20 feet long, hemlock. Thirty -six rafters, 2x6, 14 feet long, hemlock. Eighteen collar beams, 2x6, 16 feet long, lipmlock. Two hundred studding, 3 x 4, 16 feet long, hemlock Sixteen hundred feet of sheathing, for lioug building inside, hemlock. Nine hundred feet of roof sheathing, hemlock. *' Forty-five hundi'ed 16-inch shingles, white pine. Tinning. Fourteen hundred feet of ilooring, yel- low pine. Eighteen hundred feet of sheathing paper, manilla. Four cllar window frames and sash, 1 ft. S in x 2 ft, 8 in., white pine. Two thousand brick for chimneys, 2,000 feet of bsvel siding, No. 1. One front boor frame and door, with trim, 2 ft. 10 in. x 6 ft. 10 in., white pine. One back door frame and door, with trim, 2 ft. 6 in. x 6 ft. 10 in., white pine. Five box window frames, with trim, % ft, 8 in. x 5 ft. 6 in. (box), white pine. One mullion frame, 4 ft. x 5 ft. 6 in. (box), white pine. One single frame, 1 ft. 8 in. x .5 ft. 6 in. (box), white pine. Four window frames, 2 ft. 8 in. x 4 ft. 8 in. (box), white pine. One window frame (box) 2 ft. 8 in. x 5 ft., white pine. M \\\\ li ! -r o I u J u lo u -1 •-lo9 iJ ir \ he- ■/-4 — .v-.-^ ¥ Z9-S^ -C->) 'l p^ ^^ fe--,_^ ^ A ll ll' > -z o I- u J u 1- z o 1^ z o u u -Ktt J 3 h f u (^ ^c- "Wokkingman's Model Home. 41 '1 Fourhundred feet of plain washboiirds, 8 inches -nide, white pine. One hundred feet of w-ainscoting for bathroom, yellow pine. One stairway, three carriaaes, 2x 10, 16 long, steps and risers, of yellow pine. Bathroom complete, with tub and water closet. Sink and kitchen, complete with drain board. Three hundred feet of shelving of closet and kitchen pantry. Two porch posts and rails. Four hundred pounds of nails. Two locks for outside doors, with night (The above frames to be glazed with Kg. 2 American glass; trini to be in- cluded.) Three window frames, hinged, 2 ft. 8 in. X 1 ft. 9 in., white pine. Five hundred and fifty yards of plastering. One inside door frame with jamb and trim, 2 ft. 10 in. x 6 ft. 8 in., 1 3-S in. thick, -Xo. 2, white pine. Four inside doorframes, with jamb and trim, 2 ft. 6 in. x 6 ft. 8 in., 1 3-8, No. 2, white pine. One inside door frame, with jamb and trim, 3 ft. 4 in. x 6 ft. S in., :!so. 3, white pine. ' keys. One cellar door. 2 ft. 4 in. x 6 ft. 4 in.. : Four mortise locks, city. 1 3-8, Iso. 2, white pine. Eight rim locks. Five doors for second story, 2 ft. 6 in. Sash locks, sash lifts, sash cord, paint- X 6 ft. 6 in. , ing, carpenter work. The Furxishixg. The house was completely furnished for 8300. This included not only furniture, but bedding, linen, china and everything necessary for housekeeping. The oljject was to show how well this could be done upon so small a sum, and to emphasize the importance of careful esti- mates before any purchasing is done. Too often the young couple begin at the wrong end, and a plush set for tlie parlor makes a decent supply of linen impossible ; too line carpets are purchased, and the kitchen lacks those little conveniences which make the housework so much easier. The sort of furniture selected should be suitable to the kind of house. Large pieces and startling colors are inconqjatible with the Ijeauty of iitness. In the purchase of furniture duraljility should be one of the first considerations. It is not good economy to purchase that which is easily broken or which will soon wear out. The plainer the furni- ture the less labor in keeping it clean and the longer it will look well. Xo matter how plain the furnishing there is no reason whj- taste should not be used, and those things selected for the same room which will harmonize in style and color. In planning the house at Chicago the floors, M'alls, woodwork, etc., were painted to harmonize with the scheme of color adopted for each room. In the sitting room, for example, the predominating colors were brown and blue. The floor was painted a medium, warm brown ; the walls were cream with just a sufiicient addition of red to the paint in mi.xing.to liven it up ; the ceiHng was white — if it had been a lighter cream tint it would have been prettier. These colors harmonized with the yellow brick of the fireplace. Covering the center of the floor was a rug, home made. A remnant of stair carpeting, brussels, was pur- chased at a reduced price. Three breadths were sewn together, mak- ing a striped rug, the ends of which were finished with a golden brown worsted fringe. Tlie coloring and tlie pattern of the carpet were good, the colors being shaded brown and dark blues. The same colors 51 402 New York at the World's Columbian KxrosrnoN. predominated in the concli and table covers, the only drapery in the room. The couch was made of a canvas-covered cot bed, the Jegs sawed off to make it comfortably low, and kept from sagging in the middle by a wooden brace nailed across the ends. On it was folded a comfortable ; a pad made for the purpose would have been better. Over this was thrown a curtain of the sort sold as Japanese. The pillow was the ordinary bed jiillow with a colored cotton cover. The cover and com- fortable can be shaken out every morning and so is prefei'able to an upholstered lounge which collects the dust. It can of course serve as an extra bed. The pictures were inexpensive copies, either photographs or cheap etchings, of good pictures and framed in plain wooden frames. On the hanging book shelves were a few books as the beginning of a little library. They included a Bible, Shakespeare, Uncle Tom's Cabin and a volume of Dickens. The rose bowl on the upper book shelf and the clear glass vase over the fireplace were as 2:)retty in shape as if they had been made of cut glass, and M'ith the two or three Japanese tea cups and other bits here and there ga'^'e the room a habit- able air. The dining table was intended to be in the sitting room, though the average laboi'er's wife would doubtless prefer to save steps by eating in the kitchen. In front of the windows stood the large wooden I'ocker, in which the man of the house could enjoy himself when the day's work was done, and the smaller sewing chair where the wife could rock the baby to sleep or darn the family stockings. Altogether the room M-as pretty, attractive and suitable. Upstairs two bedrooms were furnished. In each there were two single iron bedsteads, white, with brass knobs, with excellent springs, and good, short hair mattresses. The washstands, chiffonier and chairs were of light oak. Before the beds were rugs made of single breadths of carpet, with worsted fringe at the ends. The question arose as to whether it would be wise for a yoiing couple to spend the money to furnish two bedrooms. This may be a matter of opinion and circumstance. If the woman has no sewing machine it would be better to try that first and then perhaps one extra single bed and whatever other furniture for the second bedroom the money allowed. But as tlie family begins to grow it is more and more difficult to take money for furniture, and it is good to have a comfortable supply to begin with. The two single iron beds cost more than one double wooden one. But once bought they will last a lifetime and can easily be kept clean. Single beds are much more healthful and are particu- larly desirable for hard-working people who need to sleep undisturbed, as the restlessness of one will not then trouble the other. The third bedroom was unfurnished and used as a storeroom. This ■ room could be used as a source of income b}' being rented to a lodger, at least while the family was sniall. It is unnecessary to comment on the bedding further than to say that the comfortables, supposed to have been tied by the woman herself, were made of figured turkey red calico, at five per cents per yard, were little work to make, and WoKKixGMAx's Model Home. 403 ■were very much superior to those sold readv made at one dollar and a half. The supply of bed and table linen was sufficient for the young housekeeper and was all of good quality. The china was of the white stone variety, but not the heavy ugly sort, and the tableware included all that was necessary to set a table neatly and comfortably. The list of kitchen utensils include all that is essential for convenient house- keeping, though the individual housekeeper might prefer to substitute other articles for some of those specified. The only article of kitchen furniture that needs special mention is the kitchen stove or range. Tlie whole question of heating is involved. It seemed, so far as the investigation showed, that the only thing possi- ble in the way of heating the house was by means of stoves. Any other method was too expensive to put into the sl.OdO house and too expen- sive to run after being put in. So with regret the decision was reached that the only thing possible for the poor man, as yet, was the regulation kitchen stove, on which they should depend not only for cooking, but, in winter, for heat as well. "W^ith regret, because if only the house could be heated cheaply enough in winter by some other method, other means of applying heat for cooking are cheaper, more convenient and rid the kitchen of half its terrors on a hot summer day. In the house on the fair grounds gas was the most convenient fuel — oil was prohibited by the authorities — so an Aladdin oven was n.sed with an ordinary Bunsen burner, to which a " rose burner " was attached to spread the flame. A small gas stove supplemented this for quick boiling and heating of water. By these means all the cooking was satisfactorily done with little rise of temperature in the kitchen. In using- the Aladdin oven with gas the heat was so regulated as to equal that furnished by the oil lamp ordinarily used. The hotise was supposed to be lighted bj- oil lamps, but, for the reason mentioned above, it was necessary to put in gas at Chicago. The cost of fuel depends so largely on locality that further investiga- tion would be necessary before a fair average could be given. From available statistics, and a series of experiments made in weighing the coal used by an economical housekeej^er, thirty dollars, at the price jiaid for coal and oil durino- the past two winters, was thought to be a fair estinrate for fuel and lights if only tlie kitchen range were used. This would mean cold bedrooms, but if the mother uses hot flat- irons to take off the chill from the bedding, dressing and undressing the children by the fire, and wrapping them up for the journey through the hall, the cold Ijedrooms will not hurt them if they are healthy. The furniture and most of the furnishings were purchased at various stores in Brooklyn, X. Y. They were bought at the regular retail prices, just as any woman would buy. no discounts being asked for. The accompanying lists, which, during the fair, were posted in the various rooms, show the prices paid for each article. Individual taste or judgment might modify the proportions paid for the different items. This only attempts to show one way in which a house can be furnished for s3(J0 : 40-± New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. SiTTiKG Room FuiiJS"iTcitE. Six cane-seatod chairs §6 00 Sewing chair 98 Large roclier 3 00 Stand 1 65 Dining table 6 00 Book shelves 1 00 Rug : Six and three-quarters j'ards carpet, at 65 cents $4 38 3-4 Four and one-half yards fringe, at 15 cents. 67 1-2 5 06 Couch : Cot SI 50 Cover 3 75 5 25 Pictures, with frames 5 59 Boolvs 5 80 Bric-a-brac 3 00 Clock 2 50 Table cover 2 00 Front Bedroom. Two single iron beds, at 87.50 $15 00 Two sets woven wire springs, at !:J3. 50 7 00 Two short-hair mattresses, at S5 ; 10 00 Washstand 3 00 Chiffonier 8 00 Two cane-seated chairs, at $1 2 CO Two rugs 2 67 Glass 1 75 Chamber set (six pieces) 3 15 Total $52 57 Back Bedroom Furniture. Two single iron beds, at .$7.50 $15 00 Two sets woven wire springs, at S'^.50 7 00 Two short-hair mattresses, at $5 10 00 Washstand 3 00 Glass 90 Three cane-seated chairs, at $1 3 00 Rug 133 Chamber set (six pieces) 3 15 Total $43 38 House Linen. Sixteen sheets, 40 yards cotton, at 18 cents $7 20 Twelve pillow cases, 12 yards cotton, at 16 cents 1 92 Four table cloths, 10 yards, at 75 cents 7 50 One dozen table napkins 1 50 One-half dozen roller towels, 13 yards, at 15 cents 1 SO One half dozen dish towels, 6 yards, at 5 cents 30 One do2en hand towels *-' 2 00 One-half dozen doilies 38 Four china towels, 4 yards, at 12 1-2 cents 50 Total $23 10 L '■^ \ . [ o ' 1 1 V , — 1 -1 y 7 — ^..,- — :*'-.*' — +-.-^- -h"^ ■:i ^ ^ — z 5 h IJ J u U o i/c) u -4 j> z 'r c 1^ 1 u u -I u or z z z o v. U H u a 1? h fK- o (It) Woekingman's Model Home. 405 Bi:dding. Three pairs blankets, at §4 512 00 Five pillows, at §1.50 7 00 Four bed spreads, at 75 cents 3 00 Five comfortables (home made), at 95 cents 4 " ^ 7S Total 527 35 Kitchen Furniture. Three chairs, at 50 cents $1 50 Kitchen table 1 50 Stove (Boynton Stove Co., New York) 30 00 or Aladdin oven, complete §28 00 and small oil stove for quick boiling 3 00 $31 00 Kitchen utensils (see list) 32 43 Table ware 25 91 Table Ware. One dozen dinner plates $1 10 One dozen tea plates 1 00 One-half dozen soup plates 50 One dozen coffee cups and saucers 1 38 One-half dozen tea cups and saucers 54 Two platters, 23 cents, 34 cents 56 Two covered vegetable dishes 1 40 Three oval vea'etable dishes 71 One dozen sauce plates ()8 Frait dish 35 One dozen butter plates 40 Four salts and peppers 20 Two milk ]iitchers, 18 cents, 25 cents 43 One small ]iiteher 13 One sugar bowl 40 One water jiitchcr 40 One-half dozen oatmeal bowls 36 One dozen tumblers , 50 One spoon holder 10 S.vmp j ug , 30 Vinegar cruet 30 One-half dozen steel table knives 1 32 One-hall' dozen plated table knives 1 47 One dozen jilated table forks : 3 96 One carving knife and fork 1 49 Two dozen plated tea spoons, at $1.98 3 96 One-half dozen plated table spoons ] 98 Total |35 91 KiTciiiiN Utensils. Bread box $1 50 Bread board 50 Bread knife 35 Bread tins (oblong, 4) 36 Bread jians 47 Broiler (medium size) 19 Biscuit cutter 03 Brooms (medium size, 3) 50 Candlestick 09 406 E'ew York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposrnoisr. Chopping bo-svl §0 S8 Cliopping knife 35 Chamber pail 33 Clothes basket (medium size) 75 Clothes hamper So Clothes line, 70 feet 25 Clothes pins, 5 dozen 05 Clothes bars 70 Clothes wringer 4 00 Coal shovels (3, large and sniall) 1 15 Coffee can 25 Coffee pot 45 Coffee pot stand, wire 13 Cook's fork 09 Cups, agate (two sizes) 34 Dipper 10 Pish pan 48 Dripping pan 50 Dust pan 07 Door mat 60 Frying pan 40 Flatirons (3) 75 Flatiron stand 05 Gem pan, iron 35 Griddle, iron 36 Hammer 25 Ironing board (medium ^i/.e) 65 Jar, earthen (for beans) 45 Kettles (2 sizes, iron) 1 00 Lamps (3) 3 00 Mop handle ' 21 Match box 03 Oil can (medium size) 32 Pancake turner 07 Pie plates (2) 10 Poker 10 Potato masher 10 Pails (1 wooden, 1 paper) 40 Roller, kitchen .50 Rolling pin 10 Sugar bo.\ 1 00 Sauce pans (2 sizes) 1 38 Strainer 30 Scoops (3), tin 06 Scrub brush 10 Skimmer 00 Soap dish 10 Tin spoons (3) 30 Wooden spoon 05 Tea can 25 Teapot 39 Teakettle 75 Tub 90 Washbasin, agiite 44 Washboard 50 Washboiler 90 Total S33 43 Summary '^F House Furnishing. Furniture |138 84 Linen 23 10 Beddino- 37 35 Tidile ware 35 91 Rugs 9 06 Woekingman's Model Home. 407 Window shades and ball cxirtain §13 90 Kitchen utensils 83 43 Pictures 5 59 Books . 5 80 Bric-a-brac 8 00 Clock 3 50 Table cover 2 00 Total S291 38 The Clothing. In the report on the cost of tlie production of iron and steel Mr. Wright shows that in the 2,490 families investigated eighteen and three- teiitlis per cent of tlie income is spent for clotiiing. As lie gives the amonut expended for the man, the woman and tlie children separately, it is easily calculated that of tlie total expenditui'e the husliand gets thirty-one per cent, the wife twenty-one per cent, and the children forty-seven per cent, omitting fractions. The amount sjjent by tlie husband is disproportionately large compared with that spent by the wife. In onr exhibit we set aside SluO, or twenty 'pev cent of the income, as tlie sum to be spent annnally for clothing, and the expenditure M'as in the following proportions : Man. twenty-nine per cent ; woman, twenty-seven per cent ; children, forty -four per cent. The mother of a family is too often prone to sacrifice her own comfort, and the family too apt to take it as a matter of course, where clothes are concerned. It is poor econoni}' for her to wear thin flannels or none at all, a light coat in the winter and no rubbers in the rain, that the children may make a better appearance on Sunday. Our apportionment aims at doing away with this injustice. Before attempting to itemize the expenses in this line, women in various stations in life, as school teachers, clerks, servant girls and washwomen, were asked to furnish as complete lists as possible of what they considered necessaiy for a year's supply of clothes for themselves and families. They were also asked as to the lengtli of time tlie dif- ferent garments were worn. Of course, judgment in buying, quality of goods purchased, taste and ability- in making, and care in mending and remaking, are the qualities which make it possible to dress neatly on a very small sum. These will vary with the individual and her training, and it is sad to know that those who need it most are too apt to be tliose who possess the least ability to make a little go a good way. The criticisms made by visitors during the fair leave the matter about where it was in the beginning, so far as conflnning the judgment of those planning the exhibit is concerned. " Three pairs of shoes a year is altogether moi-e than is necessary," says one. " I can wear one pair for a year." " So can I," replies the exhibitor ; " " but just this moment a lady told me that she wore out a pair a month, and that tlie estimate was altogether too low." And so it was tiirough all the arti- cles on the lists. The women in poorer circumstances, who criticised genei-ally, considered it possible to do with less. Many families of laboring men dej^end largely on the cast-off clothing ttOS New York at the World. s Columbian Exposition. of those in better circunistanees for tlie clutliine; of tlie cliiklren. But this is sometliiug that cannot be counted upon in such an estimate as tins. We suppose that the mother does the familj^ sewing. Tlie man's clothes and the boy's coats and pants are purchased ready made. In selecting great attention must be paid to durabihty of material and to good color. In buying dress goods the economical woman will select material that will turn, ard, if possible, that wliich has no up or down. Even in woolen goods, that which will wash must be selected, for skill in making over is money in the pocket, and this cannot be done -where colors fade and clothing will not bear a wetting. Much of the little girls' clothing can be made from the mother's, and it is better economy to pay more in the beginning and then make over, than it i-; to get cheap, slazy material for Doth mother and daughters, that never looks well after the iww is oif. This was illustrated in the clothing on exhibition at tlie fair, where some of the children's dresses were made of cloth that had been worn steadily for several years, washed and tui-ned, before it was again washed to make the child's dress. Plainness and simplicity in style also add to neatness of appear- ance and length of Avear. It is needless to speak of the " stitch in time " on which will depend the garment's lengtli of days. The baby clothes were an attempt to show how good an outfit could be had for ten dollars. For the second baby the expenditure would probably be little as the clothes of the first ought to be in good con- dition. The baby's clothes after being put into short dresses would not cost as much as the frst outfit, since they could be largely made from outgrown garments. The clothes were very simple. The slips and nightgowns measured thirty inches from neck to hem and were nntrimmed except for a narrow edging around the neck. The under- clothing, skirt and pinning blanket were made after the Jenness-Miller patterns, showing the greater comfoi't of the garments which hang from the shoulders. At Chicago the family clothing was distribiited in its proper places, the underclothing laid away in the bureau drawers and the dress coats and trousers hung in the closets. Each article had a card attached on which the cost was plainly marked. In the ciise of home-made gar- ments the quantity of cloth used was also given. On the walls were posted itemized lists of the clothing for each member of the family. All was open to the public for examination, and it was a daily sight to see the front bedroom filled with women standing and sitting around the open bureau, examining and criticising the articles and comparing domestic experiences, with profit, it is to be lio].ied. How to make a little go a good way ; this is something it were well to teach the young girls growing up to take their places as mothers of families, since, lament it as wc may, the fact remains that for great masses of people comfort in,tlie home, including neatness of dress, can be had only by the most careful thought and the greatest painstaking. The following lists give the results of the studies made ; T ? " 1 t ■J J -°"', 1 . 1 \ 1 (1 ^= - — - I ' ■'■" — : __ = = — M — -■ — -<^: e?- " - '«> s (5 i ^ */: t" ^ l-7h 5 >. '*4 ■ C -a/.£ '.«T< 1 t. » - — [ ■i I ■' J J 1 J^ z ad -lao ;^ Workingman's Model Home. 409 Pi riTwrer vnn Afiv No. yrs. Average Article. t^LOTHENG FOR JIAN. q^^^ worn, for 1 year. Overcoat SHOO 3 S3 66f Best suit 10 00 2 5 00 Overalls 85 1 85 Jumper 80 1 80 White shirts (2) 1 10 2 55 Two white collars 26 3 13 Two pairs white cuffs 50 2 25 Suspeuders 25 1 25 Blue flannel shirts (2) 2 50 2 1 25 Shoes (3 pair) 9 00 1 9 00 Stockings (3 pair) 75 1 75 Under vests and drawers 2 00 3 1 00 Cardigan jacket 2 50 3 83 Working pants 2 00 1 3 00 Hat 2 00 3 1 00 Straw hat 25 1 25 Necktie 25 3 13 Handkerchiefs (13) 150 3 50 Shirts {outing flannel) 1 00 1 1 00 Total for one year |29 21 Clothing pok Wojiak. One cl'oth summer dress : Four yards serge, at §1 |4 00 Five yards cambric, at 6 cents 80 Three-fourths yard drilling, at 15 cents 13 Three-eighths yard velvetine 36 One spool silk 09 Oae spool thread 04 Hooks and eves 05 |4 96 3 51 66 One cloth winter dress : Five yards flannel, at 79 cents |3 95 Findings as above 99 4 94 3 1 65 Two Ciilico dresses : Twenty yards calico, at 8 cents $1 60 Two 3-ards cambric, at 15 cents 30 Two spools thread 08 Hooks and eyes 08 Buttons 05 2 11 3 1 05 Two seersucker dresses : Twenty yards seersucker, at 12 1-2 cents §3 50 Findings •. Zl 3 01 3 1 00 Two suits under flannel, at SI. 50 ,. 3 00 3 150 One flannel skirt 1 55 5 31 One winter cloak 8 50 3 3 83 One summer coat 5 90 3 1 97 Two seer.sucker summer skirts 1 04 6 31 Two white aprons 54 3 18 Four gingham aprons 88 3 44 Four night dresses 3 OS 4 77 Four corset waists 93 4 33 Four combination undersuits 1 76 4 44 Three pairs shoes, at §3.50, §3 50 and §2 8 00 1 8 00 One pair rubbers 60 1 60 One umbrella 175 3 58 One dozen handkerchiefs 1 20 3 40 Two pairs gloves — kid, 68 cents ; cotton, 37 cents 1 00 2 50 One pair mittens 25 3 13 410 New Yokk at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. No. yrs. Average Article. Cost. worn, for 1 year. One rubber co.t ?S 00 5 SO 60 Two pair winter stockings 1 00 3 50 Three pair summer stockings 75 2 £8 Garters , 15 3 08 Winter hat 1 75 3 88 Summer hat 75 3 38 One sliirt waist : Three yards cloth, at 17 cents |0 51 Buttons 08 Thread 04 63 3 83 Total for one year §37 59 Clothing for Girl of Ten Years. One woolen summer dress , $3 00 3 $1 00 Two gingham dresses 1 86 3 68 One cambric dress 78 3 86 One woolen winter dress 3 00 3 1 00 Two suits of under flannel 3 00 3 1 50 Three uiglit dresses 1 83 3 66 Three under waists 54 3 27 Three combination undergarments ' 96 3 48 One flannel skirt .". 1 13 3 88 Two seersucker summer skirts 60 3 30 One winter cloak 7 00 3 8 50 One spring coat 3 00 3 100 One winter hat 1 00 3 50 One summer hat 84 3 42 Two pair shoes 8 00 1 3 00 One pair mittens 35 1 35 Three gingham aprons 1 35 3 45 Two white aprons 33 3 16 Two pairs woolen stockings 1 00 3 50 Two pairs cotton stockings 58 3 29 Total for one year $16 60 Clothing for Bot of Eight Ybars. Overcoat §4 00 3 §3 00 Best suit (worn for common next year) 4 00 4 00 Extra pants 100 1 100 Flannel shirts (3) 3 00 3 100 Seersucker shirts (4) 1 64 3 83 "Under flannels (3 suits) 3 00 3 1 50 Caps (corduroy) 75 3 38 Straw hat 50 1 50 Mittens 25 1 25 Rubbers ' . . 50 1 50 Shoes (3 pair) 3 75 1 3 75 Night drawers (2) 56 3 38 Total for one year S15 98 Clothing for Giki- of Fi'^^e Tears. Shoes (3 pair) 2 50 1 3 50 Winter hat 1 00 3 50 Summer hat «-: 84 3 43 Mittens 25 1 25 Total for one year $3 67 Other garments are those outgrown bj' older sister, or made over from mother's clothes. ^Yokkixgman's Model Home. 411 Baby Clothes. Cost. One dozen new diapers SO 96 One dozen old diapers Six slips, !it 22 1-3 cents each; Five and one-half j-ards cambric, at 11 cents SO 61 Seven and one-half yards edging, at S cents 60 One dozen b\ittons, at 5 cents 05 Two spools cotton, at 4 cents 08 1 34 Three night gowns, at IT cents each 51 Two pinning blankets 1 28 Two woolen shirts, at 60 cents 1 20 Two pair socks, at 23 cents 46 Two skirts, 3 yards flannel, at 37 1-3 cents 1 14 Two outing flannel sacques, 1 1-3 yards, at 13 1-3 cents 16 Three bands, 1-2 yard flannel ....." 20 One fl.iunel wrapper, 2 3-4 yards, at 13 1-3 cents 35 One c;>p ". 38 Cloak, 2 1-2 yards flannel, at 69 cents §1 73 One yard ribbon 13 One spool silk 09 1 95 Total §9 83 SuMMAiJY OF Clothing fok F.\.mily. Cost for l year. 3Iau §39 21 Woman 37 59 Girl of ten years 16 60 Bov of eisriit years 15 98 Girl of five years 3 67 Baby 9 83 8102 88 The Food. The objects of tlie food experiment were twofold ; first, to sliow that for S2(i0 a year, or an average of fifty-iive cents a day, liye per- sons could be so well fed as to satisfy their appetites by the quality and variety of food and to keep them in sound health and good working condition ; second, to see how closely practice would verify the theory by lirst preparing a series of bills of fare, in accordance with the standards laid down by our scientific workers in food economics, and then testing by putting them in use with a real family and noting results. The work of physiologi.-;ts, chemists and statisticians on the food problem in Germauy, Eugland and America lias been summed up into certain so-called '' standards " of food, varying for different nationalities, ages and "conditions. These standards show roughly what is the con- clusion up to date as to -'^3 quantity of food necessary to sustain life or to keep a man in good working condition, and in what proportion the different food principles should be represented in his daily ration. The standards are based upon experiment and observation, and will, probably, be modified by furtlier research. To make the food experiment tried at Chicago intelligilile to the general reader, a few brief jsreliminary statements in exjjlanation of the terms used in the standards may not be otit of place. 412 New 1 oek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. The five food principles are water, salts, proteids, fats and carbo- hydrates. In a ration in which the three last principles are in proper proportions the two first will generally take care of themselves. The proteids are those constituents of onr food which are composed chem- ically of nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur and phosphorus. They occur in white of egg, lean of meat, and in smaller quantities in grain and vegetables. They make new tissues, muscles, tendons, etc. The fats contain no nitrogen, being complex compounds of carbon, hydro- gen and oxygen. They are found in fat meats, butter, milk, etc. They form the fatty tissues. The carbohydrates, which are found cliiefly as starcli and sugar, occur most abundantly in grains and vegetables. They can be transformed into fat, but their principal use is as fuel, for which purpose all three can serve and thus yield energy in the form of heat and muscular strength. The term calorie has been adopted as tlie unit, not only of heat in general pliysics, but also in the study of foods. So used, it is the unit of heat or energy producing power of our food. It is equal to the amount of heat necessary to raise the temperature of one kilogram of water one degree centigrade. Yoit's daily standard for the German laborer is : Man at hard work. — Proteids, liS grams ; fats, 100 grams ; carbo- hydrates, 450 grams ; calories, 3,370. Man at moderate work. — Proteids, 118 grams; fats, 56 grams; car- boliydrates, 500 grams ; calories, 3,055. Prof. Wm. 0. Atwater's standard, modified for the American laborer, is : Man at hard work. — Proteids, 150 grams ; fats, 150 grams ; carljo- hydrates, 500 grams ; calories, 4,060. Man at moderate work. — Proteids, 125 grams ; fats, 125 grams; car- bohydrates, 450 grams ; caloi'ies, 3,520. The American laborer demands and habitually consumes more food than the European working man, the excess being largely fat. It is believed that one cannot, for any length of time, fall below these standards and still be sulficiently well nourished to do efficient work. It is also believed that any great constant -variation in the rela- tive proportions of the food principles used, will, in the end, prove disastrous to health, taking into consideration what is now known and pi'acticed in the art of preparing food. There is very little to be gained by telling tiie average woman, poor or otherwise, " You must feed jouv family daily so many grams of proteids, etc., if you wisli them to be well nourished." More information and different must be given if the masses are to profit by studies already made.* Konig and otliers furnish us tables in which are given the analyses of almost every article of food in common use, showing the relative pro- portions of the food principles in the raw material. With the aid of the American standard au(i.-these tables, it is not difficult to construct * To spread this infoniiation has been the work of such investigators, lecturers and writers as Prof. Wm. O. Atwater, Mrs. Ellen H. Richards and Sirs. Marj- Hinn- man Abel, and such also is the object of the New .England kitchens and of such educational in.stitutions as the Pratt and the Drexel institutes, where domestic science and economics is an important course. —yp:rrM ~~r/—r z ^ '\\'()i;i\1.\(:man''s M(H)i:i. IIdmic. 413 bills of fare wliicli shall give us the proper quantity of foml ami in ])roper proportions. Such bills of fare, especially if accouipaiiiud by api)ropriate recipes, giving quantities and amounts, can, of coui'se, be understood and acted upon by any housewife who can read. As our liills of fare were to be used in a special case, tliev wvw con- structed to meet the needs of our theoretic 1'a.mily. Mr. Cari'ol 1). AV^i'ight's ai'biti-ary method of estimating the size of a family was (!mphived. According to this, man e(pials inii units; Wdnian e((iials 'JO units; child of 10 equals 75 units; ebild nf S (■(pials TTi units; child of 5 equals 40 units ; total, ')S(') units. In oilier words, tln^ cM)nsumiug power of this family was erpial to three and eiglit-tenths men. Assuming the man to be a laliorer at UKxld'ate work, the reipiired (piantities of the three food princi])les necessary for one; day's rations, exj)ressed in ounces, will be, proteids, .KS.S; fats, lli.S ; carbohydrates, (!(i.;i; calories, l;!,;')T as planned, fui'nishcd I'or lirty-livc cents a day pm- teids and carbohydrates equal to the maximum in the estimates given above, and fats in excess of the minimum. The cost was based upon the retail prices in I'rooklyu, N. Y., in the spring of ls;i.",. The prices are shown in the acconq)anying table: Maukkt PuiCF.s, BuooKi.YN, N. v., Aruu,, 181)15. F(lill) PuiiCHASED AT Hl'.'l'AiL. Pi'lee per Article. How purchnsetl. pound. Beof (.shouldcv or leg). . . By tlie pomul, 8 cenls lo 10 ccnls 80,08 Corned beef By tlie iiound, 8 cents to 10 eeiils 10 Liver (cow's) By the pound OS Beef lieart Kiieli, 10 ceiils to lo cents average A)')V> Mutton (breast and neck) By tlic pound 0(i Bacon By the pound 17 Salt pork By the pound 15 Codfish (salt) '.... By llu; ixuuid 14 Herring (dried) By the pound 10 Butter By Ihe jiound 'i') Whole nulk By Ihe ([uart, « cents 0'>8 Skimmed milk By Ihe qr.art, ;i cents 014 Eggs By the dozen, If) I'ou 3") cents loO Eggs By the dozen, later, 13 cents 0!)l Cheese I'cr jiound 18 Flour By tlu> suck, 24 1-3 pounds lor 03 cents 03(i Oatmeal By the pound 04 Rice By the pound, iJ 1-3 jiounds for 3.1 cents 071 Hominy By Ihe ]iunnd. 5 pounds for 18 cents Olill Corn meal Bv the pound (Kj Potatoes (old) By the bushel, 70 cents OlKi Cabbage .... By the head. 10 cents (aboul ;5 pounds) about .IKili Dried jieas By the (|uarl, 8 cents 013 Dried lieans By Ihe qiiarl, 10 cents 05:! Onions By the ]iounil 01 Beets ' By the peck. 30 cents (about 17 jjounds) about .Oil Dried api)les By Ihe jiound, 8 pounds I'or 'i~) cents 081! Dried prunes By tlu' pound 10 Sugar By Ihe (lound, 7 ]i(iunds for SH cents O^l Jlacaroiu By I he pound 13 41-i New Y OKK \T 'I'm "WoKi.n's Coi.r:«i5T.vx Ewosi'i'iux. It is supposed that the ■vvouian buys iu small quantities, tlour bv the small sack, potatoes by the jieck, etc. The bread used is entirely home-made, a pound of flour making a loaf of about a pound ami a quarter, which w\\\ furnish more nutriment than tlie tive-ceiit baker's loaf. The meats used are the cheaper cuts prepared by long, slow cooking. Very little butter enters into the bills of fare, the fats being supi)lied chiefly by fat meats. Salt pork and bacon are useil largely iov this purpose. It is ditficult to supply a proper amount of fat on so small an outlay of money to a family avIio do not relish fat of beef or mntton. Many persons object to the use of pork, but for a healthy person engaged in some active occupation there seems to be no vahd objection, ]U'ovided the ]iork used is not diseased and that it is jirnp- erly cooked. Skini milk is largely used since the fat is otherwise sujiplied. (\irn meal and beans are a most valuable part of the diet. Coffee and tea seldom appear. They are simply a luxury aiul contain no nutriment. Colfee for breakfast could be added to any bill of fare not containing it for about five cents extra. A greater variety tiian that which appears coidd be secured by tiie use of more made dishes. Tlie aim was to jiut the bills of fare Avithin the reach of those who liad time or ability only for the simplest dishes. The following arc the bills of fare as oi'iginally jirejiared : No. I. Brea/cf'ast. — ililk toast; Bostou baked bun us: coffee with milk aud sugar. Diiiiw): — Brown fricassee of beef; scalloped potatoes; boiled ouious; bread; hom- iuy with sugar syrup. jSiippii: — Fried bacuu; bread ami butter. Aiiiili/nin. ARTICLE Pounds. Proteiils. Ounces. Fats. Oiiuoes. Ciu-lio- hydrntes. Ounces. Calorics. lYice. Flour 2 7-8 1-4 o i 1 1-2 1-8 1-2 " 1-2 1-2 1-4 1-1' 5.52 .072 .992 3.71 3.984 .06 .8 .64 .144 1.12 .92 6.228 .224 .336 .777 1.56 5.6 .032 .56 81.74 i.536 9.184 6!72 .568 5.064 3.86 4.773.5 791 350 1,585 1,335 410 2,960 790 560 816.5 450 80.071 Butter . 0625 Milk .03 Beans .07 Beef .09 Pork .01 Bacon .06 Pota toes . ; .05 .035 IIoniin\' . 0225 .0125 Cotl'ce .06 Total 11 5-8 17.043 16.237 58.673 14,830 §0.5635 "WoRKINGMAn's ^fuDKL IlllME. No. II. Breakfast. — Salt pork fried in bat I or; l)iTail; whole mill;. Dinner. — Stewed muttou with rice; boiled potatoes; pea soup; bread. Supper. — Corn meal griddle cakes; minced beef with gravy. A/udj/sis. 415 ARTICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hyilnites. Ounces. Calories. Pi-ice. Flour 8 1-2 1 1-3 1-2 1-3 3 1-6 1 1 1-3 1 1-9 1 G.OOO 2 . 8,SG .593 1.84 .64 2.6.56 .496 .248 .48 .243 3.24 1.03 1.G22 .032 .16 .518 ..592 . 056 12.48 .207 1.12 35,19 'ii'.-d52 6.33 6.73 "'!763 .384 ".007 10.08 5,7.54 1,605 815 790 413 600 1,890 175 83.5 3,160 84 1,650 .SO. 078 JIuttou .09 Hice .03 Peas .035 .05 Suet .01 Beef .06 .04 Skimmed milk .005 Pork . .08 Eggs .015 Corn meal .04 Total 13 7-9 18.330 30.187 65.816 17,017.5 SO. 533 No. TIT. Breakfast. — Boiled eggs; bread. Dinner. — Pieked-up codfish with milk gravy; mashed potatoes; bread; oatmeal pudding with hot sauce. Supper. — Fried corn meal mush; salt pork with milk gravy. Analysis. ARTICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates, Ounces. Calories. Price. Flour E,g,gs (6) Codlish 2 1 4-9 1-3 1-3 2 2 3 1-2 1-3 1-4 1-3 3-5 oz 3.84 3.029 1.28 .34 4.48 .992 1.13 1.308 ']6lJ5 .48 2.. 587 .033 6.35 2.34 .324 ".ke "sig r3.88 .088 36.356 .926 11.76 5.456 3,320 1,096 1.55 1,640 3,300 350 1,383 933 137 900 135 SO. 05 .13 .06 Pork .075 Corn meal .06 Skimmed milk .03 .07 Oatmeal .03 .03 Sugar Butter .035 .01 Total 13 1-4+ 16.194 13.892 69.086 13,337 |i0..54 416 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. No. lY. Breakfast. — Oatmeal mush with milk; bread and butter; coffee with milk and sugar. Dinner. — Stuffed beef heart; fried potatoes; bread. Supper. — Corn meal mush witli molasses; bread with grated cheese. Analysis. ARTICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. 1.16 1.16 "2^88 5.76 .64 3.14 "i.'33 Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Price. Oatmeal 1-2 3 1-4 2 9-10 1-8 3 3 2 1-4 1-3 1-3 .48 1.23 "'!24 '":1:!56 ■ ' ' ! 90 "i'os 4.44 5.30 1.65 3.96 24.90 "6]62 19.50 2.48 .10 922 630 450 4.880 ■"848 790 3,300 308 681 1,205 10.02 .06 Whole milk Sugar .0125 Flour .075 Coffee .034 Beef heart 10 ■ Potatoes .025 Corn meal .06 Molasses .035 Cheese .05 Butter .0833 Total 12 3-5+ 16.07 11.93 64.41 13,904 SO. 5448 No. Y. Breakfast. — Baked potatoes; minced beef with gravy; bread; cocoa with milk and sugar. Dinner. — Liver and bacon; fried potatoes; bread. Supper. — Pea soup; bread; sugar syrup. Analysis. ARTICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Caloi'ies. Price. Potatoes 4 1-2 3 ' ' i-3 1 3 1-2 1 1-S-' 1.28 1.68 5.76 .58 6.40 .80 3.68 "';44 .72 ".hi 1,60 5.60 .32 1.96 13.24 34!32' '7!92' .835 .80 ■8;32' 1,580 1,215 4,980 ""966 310 1,338 1,480 1,580 900 $0.08 Beef .04 Flour ... ... .075 Cocoa shells .03 .0355 Milk . . . .03 .16 Bacon .06 Peas .05 .01 Total 12 5-8 20.18 11.25 65.425 14,283 SO. 5505 3 a: < •o o o oi X Woekingman's Model Home. No. YI. Breakfast. — Bread; fried bacon; oatmeal witli suiiar svrup. Dinner. — Fried cattish with mint sauce; boiled potatoes; broad. Supper. — jSToodle soup; toasted bread with cheese. Analysis. 417 ARTICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Piice. Cattish 3 1-3 3 2 3-4 1-2 1 1 7.00 5.76 .64 8.00 .24 1.93 2.12 .20 .72 3.48 6.40 1.12 .96 '34] 83 6.63 .24 'io.'io 15.84 867 4,980 790 1,533 1,480 1,845 1,800 SO. 175 Flour .075 Potatoes .025 Cheese .1135 Baeou .06 Oatmeal .04 Sag.ir .05 Noodle soup .01 Total 118-4 20.68 13.88 67.42 13,295 $0.5475 No. VII. Breakfast. — Cracked wheat; whole milk; pea pudding. Dinner. — Corned beef; cabbage; boiled potatoes; bread. Supper. — Corn meal mush; bread; sugar syrup. Analysis. ARTICLE. . Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Price. Cracked wheat 1-4 2 1-3 2 3 . 2 3 1-2 3 .56 1.16 1.84 8.84 .912 .64 3.84 "3!i4' .28 1.34 .16 9.34 .096 '!48' 'i.'so' 3.53 1.66 6.32 '3!946 6.72 22.88 7.92 22.40 412 620 790 2,924 510 412 3,820 900 3,300 80.0125 Whole milk .00 Peas .03 Corned beef .20 Cabbat^e .10 .025 Flour .05 Sugar Coru meal .025 .06 Total 14 1-4 15.982 13.796 73.866 18,188 SO. 5525 53 418 New Yokk at the World's Columbian ExposiTioif. No. YIII. Breakfast. — Buckwheat cakes; fried salt pork with brown gravy. Dinner. — Irish stew; bread; farina mush with sugar. Supper. — Broiled herring ; dry toast with butter. Anali/sis. ARTICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Price. Herring 1 2 1-4 3 11-2 1-2 2 1-4 1-3 1-8 3.36 3.84 '"5!44 .48 .34 3.04 '"■;83 1.36 .48 3.33 1.92 "6]25 .64 "23! 88 "'4!97 'hh'.k 3.96 6.07 745 3,330 904 3,450 593 1,580 3,340 450 802 fO.lO .05 Flour Butter .06 Mutton .13 .03 Pork .05 Buckwheat Su2;ar .10 .0135 Farina . 035 .01 Total 10 1-8 17.23 13.98 61.18 14,083 §0.5575 No. IX. Breakfast. — Fried bacon: fried potatoes; bread; coffee with milk and sugar. Dinner. — Beef soup with macaroni; boiled beef with mustard sauce; bread. Supper. — Baked beans; milk toast. Analysis. ARTICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- liydi-ates. Ounces. Calories. Price. Macaroni 1-4 2 1 1-3 3 1 1-16 1-3 2 1-4 1-3 1-8 .86 6.73 5.53 5.76 .496 .01 .34 .64 "!39" .02 1.76 . .48 .73 .113 .86 6.40 "!3l' 3.06 '34]32 13.84 .76 3.96 .46 413 4,860 4,980 2,377 175 225 1,480 790 450 155 10.03 Beef .16 Beans .... .079 Flcui .075 .015 Butter .015 .06 Potatoes . , .025 Stio-ar . . .013 Whole miik .015 Coffee .034 Total 11 3n6 20.036 10.663 63.13 15,904 $0,530 Workingman's Model Home. 419 No. X. Breakfast. — Dry toast and butter : baked potatoes. Dinner. — Pea soup ; bread; beef roll ; mashed potatoes. Supper. — Boiled rice fried ; sugar syrup. Analysis. AETICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Price. Rice 1 3-4 1 1-2 1-4 1-4 1 4 1-4 1-8 1.28 "5!64 .58 .06 3.68 1.28 3.84 .04 .16 "i;32 1..50 1.60 .32 '"'[48 3.46 1.78 12 24 11.55 "8!33 13.34 23.88 1,630 1,350 3,645 487 98 1.580 1,480 3,320 904 450 $0.08 .0375 Beef .12 Sausage .03 Pork .0125 Peas .05 Potatoes .05 Flour .05 Butter .06 Suet .01 Total 111-8 15.80 10.62 68.23 14,944 $0.50 No. XI. Breakfast. — Fried corn meal mush ; fried potatoes ; sugar sjTup. Dinner. — Potato soup ; baked liver ; boiled rice with cheese. Supper. — Scalloped beef with hominy ; biscuits ; stewed prunes. ATialysis. ARTICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- liydrates. Ounces. Calories. Price. Corn meal 1 1-3 3-4 4 1-3 11-3 3-4 1-4 11-2 1-3 1-3 1 1.57 "i!60 4.80 .96 1.00 4.08 .79 "i!92 .60 7.84 "".96 .12 1.16 1.44 .30 "';34 9.75 'i6!.58 10.75 "g^is ".5!66 5.73 11.44 1,650 1,800 1,350 1,777 669 1,221 511 3,645 816 665 1,660 SO. 03 Beef suet .04 Su""ar .0375 .055 Liver .10 Rice .06 Cheese . . - Beef .04 .09 .02 Dried prunes .04 Flour .025 Total - 13 3-4 16.72 13.66 63.03 15,764 $0.5375 420 New York at the "\V"orl»\s Columbian Exposition. No. XII. Breakfast. — Codflsli balls ; corn im.-;il luusli ; sugar sj'nip. Dinner. — Bean soup with bud' ; bread ; frozen pudding. Supper. — Potato salad; bread. Analj/sis. ARTICLE. Pounds. Proteitls. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hytli-ates. Ounces. Calories. Price. Codfish 1-3 5 1 3-4 1 5-8 1-3 2 2 1.28 1.60 1.57 "h'.m .30 .35 3.83 1.16 "■d.28 .03 ' ' !45 '"'.'33 8.00 .31 .48 1.24 ' ' ' ;43 16 [57 9.75 11.88 8.56 '33;88 1.66 155 1,975 1,650 1,350 1,585 1,975 84 3,330 630 SO. 06 Potatoes .0635 Corn meal Sui^'ur .03 .0375 Beans .053 .075 Eggs .015 .05 AVhtJle milk .06 Ice and salt .07 Onion and vinegar Beef ' " ' i-3 .01 .04 Total 13 7-8 16.94 11.15 71.30 13,939 SO. 563 No. XIII. Breakfast. — Flour pancakes; minced beef, with gravy. Dinner. — Sausage with corn meal cakes; fried potatoes; bread. Supper. — Bread and butter; bananas cut up with sugar; cocoa. Anali/sis. ARTICLE, Pounds. Pi-oteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Cnrbo- liydrates. dunces. Calories. Price. Butter 1-4 3 1-4 1 1 1-8 1 1-3 1 1 2^- "'5;76 "".hs 00 l!o6 ".5; 04 3.33 1.57 .64 3.33 .73 '"[(ii .33 .24 1.96 1.32 6.00 .45 34! 33 3.96 .83 4.76 1.65 '9!75 6.63 903 4,980 450 310 643 350 450 3,645 1,851 1,650 790 10.06 .075 Flo\u- Sugar .0135 .03 liannnas .06 Skimmed milk .03 Suet .01 Beef .09 Sausage .12 ,03 Potatoes .025 Cocoa shells .03, Total 13 1-8 17.19 14.85 61.88 16,033 $0.5635 ftr*"^ 'J /^ Q _1 CO H < < -litCJ^ Woekingman's Model Home. ]S^o. XIV. Breakfast. — Oatmeal mush; whole milk; fried potatoes. Dinner. — Baked salt pork and beans; boiled rice with sugar; bread. Supper. — Toast and butter; salad of lettuce and cold beans. Analysis. 421 ^URTICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Price. Flour 1 1-2 1-5 1-2 2 1 1-3 3 3 3-4 1-4 1-2 2.88 7.36 3.48 1.74 .64 .96 .36 2.6G "Vu 1.44 1.85 " ".'i3 "G^io 17.16 '".'26 17.10 15.60 2.48 6.62 9.18 3.85 3,490 733 35 3,17(1 3,767 93U 790 1.331 450 1,580 SO 0375 Butter 048 Lettuce .05 Beans 10 Oatmeal 00 Whole milk Potatoes .09 035 Rice 06 Susar .0125 Salt pork 06 Total 12 1-5 17.40 13.47 73.19 14,155 SO. 543 Duriiii;- the nioiitli of July the experiment \va.s made of puttiiifjtliese hills of fare to a practical test in the Workingman'.s Model Jlnme. P'or this purpose a family was secured to live in the house and repre- sent our theoretical family. A Cohimhian guard, lodging in the nearest l)arracks, was very glad to come to the house for his meals. A widow who had been secured as an assistant in the care of the house brouglit her three cliildren and li\'ed there night and day tliroiigh the month. The object of the experiment was explained to the man and woman, and as they were intelligent people they readily assented to the projxised conditions. They promised to eat only what was fur- nished them in tlie home. They al.so agreed that if they found the food insufficient to satisfy appetite or to maintain strength they would frankly say so. The cliil- dren were constantly under the eye of their mother and of the experi- menter and could be trusted to say so if they were hungry. On the day on which the experiment began Dr. J. S. Mitchell, one of C'hicago's eminent physicians, came to the house and gave the family a thorongh physical examination, with the following results : "Eecord taken liy J. S. Mitchell, M. D., 29.54 Prairie avenue, Chicago, July 2, 1S9'3. '• Man, American — atre, 2S years; height, fi ft. 1 in. in .stockings; girth, 34 iu.; weight, i.SO lbs; pulse, SO (warm day, been walking fastj ; well nourished, florid; conies of family of good eaters ; occupa- tion, Oolumbiau guard. "Woman, Iri.sh — age, •'>4 years; weight, lOO ll)s. ; girth, 2.")i in.; florid, but looks a little haggard and overworked ; occupation, house- work, cleaning, washing, etc. 422 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. "Boy, Irish parentage, American born — age, 8 years.; weight, 54 lbs. ; girth, 25 in. ; florid, robust. " Girl, Irish parentage, American born — age, 6 years ; weight 40-^ lbs. ; girth, 21f in. ; florid, robust. "Boy, Irish parentage, American born — age, 5 years; weight, 41-|- lbs. ; girth, 24J in. ; llorid, robust. " All would well represent a typical healthy fanulJ^ " (Signed) J. S. MITCHELL, M. D." The food was purchased each day at the ordinary retail prices at the small groceries and markets in the vicinity of Jackson Park. Prices averaged about tlie same for staple articles as in Brooklyn during the spring. Meats were possil)ly a little clieaper for the same quality ; that is, a better cut of beef could be liad for eight cents in Chicago tlian in Brooklyn. Fresh fruit with tiie exception of bananas was dearer. Chicago prices are shown in the following list : Market Prices, Chicago, July, 1893. Food Pdrchased at Retail. Price per Article. How purcliased. pound. Beef (shoulder) By the pound, 6 cents to 8 cents .....usual $0.08 Corned beef By the pound 10 Bried beef By the pound 18 Beef heart Each, 10 cents to 12 cents about .056 Liver (cow's) By the pound 05 Veal Bj' the pound 18 Mutton By the pound, 5 cents to 14 cents usual .06 Bacon By the pound 16 Salt pork Bj^ the pound 10 Ham By the pound 20 Codfish (salt) By the pound 12 Herring (dried) By the pound 08 Butter By the pound 24 Whole milk By the quart, 6 cents 028 Skimmed milk By the quart, 4 cents 018 Effgs By the dozen, 15 cents 116 Cheese B3' the pound 13 Flour By the sack, 50 lbs. for |1.17 0234 Oatmeal By the pound 035 Rice By the pound 075 Hominy By the pound 03 Corn meal By the pound 025 Cracked wheat By the pound 05 Corn starch By the pound 08 Potatoes (new) By the half biishel, 30 lbs. for 50 cents 016 Cabbage Bj' the head, 8 to 10 cents about .04 Lettuce By the head, 5 cents about .036 Dried peas By the pound 035 Dried beans By the pound 055 Onions Bj^ the bunch, 5 cents about .072 Beets Bj' the bunch, 5 cents about .051 String beans By the quart. 5 cents about .051 Bananas By the dozen, 10 cents 046 Dried apples By the povmd 12 Apples Jiy the quart 04 Dried prunes By the pound 12 Peaches By the quart, 10 cents 16 Raisins By the pound 12 Sugar By the pound, 10 lbs. for 55 cents 055 "Woekingman's Model Home. 423 Syrup By the quart, 16 1-2 cents S0.059 Jlacaroni By the pound 09 Coffee By the pound. 3 1-4 lbs. for §1 307 Tea By the pound 50 As niiglif have beeu expected it was found necessary to modify the prepared bills oi fare from day to da}'. Sometimes it was impossible to get or to prepare certaiu articles set down. It was found on trial tliat 'certain meml:)ers of the family could not eat certain things ; e. g., the woman disliked cheese and the man would not eat salt pork. The cliildren cared for nothing at breakfast but oatmeal and milk, atnd with bread and butter added the man and woman were satisfied. All had been accustomed to butter, and it -was found necessary to use more than was reckoned on, No attempt was made to limit the food in quantity. An excess over that estimated was always prepared and the family allowed to satisfy their appetites with the object of seeing how nearly the two amounts agreed. Yery often, as would hapjjen in any family, food was left over from one meal which could be utilized at another, and as no waste was allowable this sometimes upset the planned bill of fare. As the experimenter wished to know the exact quantities consumed daily, a method of weighing different from that usually adopted in food experiments was used. It involved much more work and was probably less accurate in its final results. Instead of weigliing all food in the house at the beginning of the experiment, all that purchased during the experiment and deducting that which was left at tlie end, including tiie waste, the raw material used in preparing each meal was weighed at the time of using, as was also the cooked food to get the gain or loss in weight through cooking. All food left on the table, as well as the refuse on the plates and in preparation, was then weiglied, and from these figures the amounts actually consumed were estimated. Had the sum total of food actually consumed during the month of experiment been verified by the employ- ment of the former method tlie work would have been of more value. But it was dilficult to do it for the reason that it was necessary for the experimenter and her assistant to live in tlie house, and lack of time to prepare entirely different food necessitated the weighing system employed in order to get at just what the family consumed and the exact cost of their jDortion. Tlie work would also have been of greater value had it been possi- ble to have had chemical analyses made from day to day of tlie food actually used, instead of estimating these values from the tables. Flour, cereals, milk, butter and vegetables are fairly constant in their analyses ; the greatest variations would be in the meats, the same cuts from different animals often varying quite largely. The waste of food during the month was very small. Great care was taken in the selection of meats to buy those pieces which had as small a proportion of bone as possible and no superfluous fat. Every scrap of meat left over was utilized. Bones, any uneaten fat, etc., were put into a stock pot and allowed to simmer for hours in the Aladdin oven, to form a basis for the bean or jjea or cabbage soup. There was 424 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. absolutely no waste at all of sncli things as milk, bread, butter, sugar, etc. If tlie children took a piece of bread and butter more than tliey could eat, it was set aside for tJie bite they sometimes insisted upon between meals. The waste consisted almost entirely of the bones of meat and of potato parings. During the month, out of the 412.35 pounds of food purchased, only eleven ponnds were wasted. As before stated, the cooking was done almost entirely with Mr. Atkinson's Aladdin oven. Potatoes were boiled on the small gas stove used for heatiaig water. Griddle cakes, fried bacon and corn meal musli were also cooked on the gas stove. Everything else, baking and cook- ing of meats and vegetables, was done in the oven. By the use of the Aladdin oven there was, of course, an advantage gained over the methods which would be used b}' the poor laborer's wife. The cheap cuts of meat purchased were made extremely palatable by the long, slow cooking. Much time was saved, as no close watching was neces- sary and all heating of the kitchen was avoided. The bills of fare which follow are tliose used through the twenty- eight days of experiment from Jul}' second to July thirty-tirst. They give the amount and analysis of the food actually consumed. The family, according to Carrol "Wright's method, represented the consuming power of three and forty-hve-one-hundredths men. Man equals 100 units; woman equals 90 units; boy of S equals T5 units; girl of 6 equals 40 units ; boy of 5 equals 40 units ; total, 34.5 units. In bills of fare Hos. YI, XIY, XY and XYI, the apples used for sauce Avere sent to the house by gentlemen connected with the New York State horticultural exhibit, and were those somewhat specked and so replaced by others. In bill of fare No. IX the peaches \veve bought on a Saturday afternoon when they were selling cheap. The quantity, one quart, gave each member of the family one sauce dish full and served as a relish to the bread and butter. In bills of fare Xos. XII, XIII, XIY and XA', the luncli was carried bj' man to be eaten in place of breakfast, as he was obliged to be on duty at that time. In Nos. XYI, XX, XXIII and XXYII, the weight of the bananas used is given ivithout skins. On one occasion the man confessed to eating several cookies and drinking a glass of milk offered him while making a social call when oU duty. On another day a comrade treated him to a plate of ice cream. This, he insisted, was the extent to which he broke his contract to eat nothing but what was furnislied him at the house. The children were given candy several times by benevolent visitors, who thought them abused because the}- were deprived of sweet things for a whole month. Usually, however, they were discovered in time and coaxed to give it up. The man and children drank neither tea nor coffee during the month. The woman had always been accustomed to coffee and was unwilling to give it up. She drank it for breakfast. The milk and sugar used in it enter into the analyses. It is believed that the summary showing the food consumed during the month represents with fair accuracy that which was actually eaten. The comparison made at the end of the summary, where the average per month per day is given, shows that the amount of proteids con- 1, !? (J z 3 a: < 1- _1 U ai 'O < I: ^^Mnl^^n "Woekingman's Model nper. — Potatoes stewed with milk; applesauce; bread and butter; bananas (6). Analysis. ATJTTnT.TT,. Quantity. Proteids. ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates, ounces. Calories. Lbs. Ounces. S. milk. 3 13.25 10.5 .8 4.25 14 5 5 6 13 3.5 4 2 15 2.5 1.898 .042 2.114 .045 1.113 .444 7.161 "']648 .540 .210 .720 .428 "'!536 8.612 .994 4.140 .053 .034 .260 "'!6i4 .210 .110 3.940 10.269 86.551 .021 9.548 "9." 487 4.764 7.696 2.520 2.220 1.432 4.470 675.421 681.243 5,013.890 959.116 1,617.372 1,096.762 1.246.064 610.749 1,794.640 - 292.787 263.853 282.673 549.516 112.691 $0,067 .085 . 3 Flour 071 Butter Oatmeal Salt pork Potatoes Rice Beans Syrup Dried apples. . Raisins Bananas Dried beef. . . . '. 3 .063 .080 .081 . 053 .026 .044 .012 .02 .015 .05 .027 Total . 15 2.8 19.703 10.381 91.918 15,096.777 SO. 544 No. XVII. Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter. Dinner. — Stewed mutton; boiled potatoes; string beans; bread and butter. Supper. — Mutton hash; applesauce; bread and butter. Anal!j.iis, Quantity. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Price. Lbs. i '2 1 3 2 Ounces. Oatmeal Sugar Flour 14 8.5 13.6 3.25 .5 15 4 2 3.114 "3! 256 .032 1.007 .682 7.20 T840 .048 .540 .994 "".325 2.762 .227 .124 8.448 .040 "".014 9.548 8.313 22.170 .016 1.560 3.914 "7!i60 2.220 1.432 1,617.372 965.912 3,040.381 733.267 358.202 451 . 133 3,062.140 972.843 363.853 333.673 §0.030 .039 .043 Butter S milk .048 .035 String beans. . . . .10 .34 Potatoes D. apples Raisins .04 .02 .015 Total 13 4.85 15.719 12.934 55.333 11,697.775 SO. 600 "WoRKixcaiAx's jModk'l PIosie. 435 Xo. XYIII. Breakfast. — Oatmeal Avith milk and sugar; bread and butter; coffee. Dinner. — Beef stew; raw onions cut up with vinegar; boiled potatoes; bread. Supper. — Milk toast; tea with milk and sugar. Analysis. ARTICLE. Quantity. Pi-otei(ls. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Lbs. Ounces. Price. Oatmeal Flour Su gar Butter S milk 1 3 "4 3 2 7.5 8.25 2 ' 4^5 6 3.416 5.368 "".'633 2.046 6.240 .063 .798 1.136 .536 "3.' 763 .462 4.992 .013 .038 10.912 36.551 7.333 .016 3.168 ' ' ' '.'45I 6.802 1,848.692 5,013.890 852.583 733.267 727.393 3,040.944 63.519 777.169 $0,035 .072 .034 .048 .073 Beef .160 Onions Potatoes .013 .038 .05 .01 Tea .05 Total 13 8.05 16.963 9.939 63.238 12,057.456 $0,571 Xo. XIX. Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter; coifee. Dinner. — Picked-up codfish with milk gravy; mashed pototoes; bread and butter. Supper. — Codfish balls; raw onions; bread and butter. Analysis. QUASTITT. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Lbs. 1 i 1 4 i Ounces. Price. Oatmeal Sugar Flour 7.3 14.6 4.35 13.75 1 14.3 13.5 4 3.416 "z.mk .043 1.071 1.344 3.291 .914 .0.36 1.136 '".'336 3.612 1.190 .064 .058 .208 .012 10.912 7.335 22.919 .021 1.398 11.456 "iiiie .404 1,848.692 852.583 3,143.243 9.59.116 1.238.894 1.. 304. 681 281.470 325.667 8.510 $0,035 .024 .044 Butter W. milk Potatoes Codfish S. milk .063 .0,53 .064 .108 .033 Onions Coffee .03 .05 Total 12 9.10 11.500 6.616 55.861 10,163.856 $0,528 •±36 JSTew Toek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. No. XX. Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter. Dinner. — Fried liver and bacon; boiled potatoes; boiled beets; bread and butter. Slipper. — Potatoes stewed with milk; bananas (6) cut up with sugar; dried beef; bread and butter. Anali/sis. Quantity. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Lbs. Ounces. Price. Oatmeal S. milk 1 3 3 i 3 'i4].5 6.5 2.8 6.25 "5;75 15 'ii.h' 2.5 3.416 1.937 "3!838 .063 6.433 ..575 .390 1.008 .303 .730 1.136 .437 "'!383 5.313 1.738 4.035 '""!648 .303 .110 10.912 3.000 6.357 26.065 .031 1.130 2!5ii 8.593 4.331 1,848.692 626.546 738.906 3,574.853 1,410.817 1,331.060 1,128.046 337.081 1,128.511 578.903 113.629 10.035 068 Sugar Flour .023 .050 Butter Cow's liver Bacon Beets Potatoes Bananas Dried beef .093 .10 .057 .10 .048 .05 .037 Total 16 3.8 17.571 13.381 62.909 13,816.043 $0,650 No. XXI. Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter. Dinner. — Roast mutton; boiled potatoes; raw onions; beets (cold, left over). '. — Corn meal mush with milk and sugar; bread and butter; dried beef. Analysis. Quantity. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. ARTICLE. Lbs. 1 4 1 1 2 Ounces. Price. Flour Sugar ... Butter .... S. milk . . . Oatmeal . . Mutton . . . Potatoes . . Beets Onion Corn meal Dried beef 1.45 5.25 2.75 10.25 'in.h' 2 3.35 3 14 3 1.919 "';637 2.301 2.416 4.725 .714 .038 .028 1.288 ' .576 .191 .519 1.136 4.914 .034 "iooe ..533 .088 13.080 5.134 .013 - 3.564 10.913 ' &.m .182 .202 9.884 1,793.883 596.750 620.811 817.973 1,848.692 1,843.275 799.362 24.409 62.332 1,393.494 90.617 §0.035 .016 .040 .081 .035 .275 .034 .021 .023 Total . 12 9.45 14.023 9.747 49.057 9,890.488 10.549 D O X UJ D O s I- O AVnKKi.\(i:M-\.\"s AI(ii>i;i. Home. 437 No. x.vir. Breakfast. — Oatmeal wilh milk and suj;ar; brcail anil butter. Dinner. — Cold mutton: boiled jiiilatucs; r.-iw onions; bread and butter; boiled rice with milk and sugar. Supper. — Pea soup; French tried potatoes; bread and butter. Ami lysis. QuANTrrY Pioteids. Ounces. Pats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. 1^-ice. ARTICLE. Lbs. Ounces. Oatmeal Sugar S. milk Butter Flour Jlutton 3 'i 1 3 15 9.75 5.5 3.35 3.6 3.25 11 8 15 4 2.265 "i]658 .032 2.156 3.887 .154 .593 1.333 1.608 1.065 "'!374 3.762 .315 3.003 .033 .033 .063 .068 10.230 9.535 3.. 568 .016 14.080 0.352 11.277 2.256 1.733.567 1,108.300 589.118 733.207 2 012.920 1,127.674 155.737 81.3.107 1,481.171 466.695 SO. 031 .033 .0.58 . 048 .U28 .10 Onions Rice Potatoes Dried peas .029 .037 .063 .008 Total 12 14.35 12.675 7.615 58.025 10,222.556 §0.435 No. XXTIT. Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar ; bread and butter. Dinner. — Baked pork and beans ; fried potatoes ; bread and butter. Supper. — Bread and butter ; bananas (12) with sugar ; cold veal. Analysis. Quantity. Protelds. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- li.vdrates. Ounces. Calories. Lbs. 2 Ounces. Price. Oatmeal Whole milk Sugar Flour 12.5 13 9.5 7.6 4.5 5 3.5 1.25 6 3 9.5 5.75 1.887 1.044 4.3.50 .4.50 .830 .745 .012 1.386 .027 .3.57 1.170 .887 1.160 "!435 2.9.50 .395 .035 1.062 .120 2.484 .3.57 .264 8.525 1.363 9.291 29.660 "^'.ku .006 3.5.52 1.812 1,442.122 584.803 1,079.823 4,066.424 830.088 199.300 834.496 281.566 604.677 657.003 1,016.347 414.930 $0,027 .053 .032 .056 Bacon. . . . ". Veal Potatoes Butler Dried beans Salt pork Bananas ... ". . . . .045 .0.55 .035 .018 .020 .018 .10 S. milk .041 Total 12 15.1 12.264 10.149 68.162 12,011.578 $0,499 438 JSTkw YoiiK at the World's Columbian Exi'dsition. No. XXIV. Breakfast. — Fried eorii meal mush with syrup ; eold beans ; liread and butter. iJinncr. — Boiled beef with potatoes and onions ; bread and butter. Stqipei: — Cold beef ; fried potatoes ; bread and butter. Analysis. ARTICLE. Quantity. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calories. Price. Lbs. 1 3 1 i 4 3 15 Ounces. Corn meal Sugar S3'rup Butter S. milk ...... 4.25 3.75 4.75 14.3 10 1.473 ".'637 1.635 3.333 2.310 .334 1.344 9.36 .608 "'3!i87 .369 .333 .200 .048 .064 7.488 11.296 6.346 3.060 .018 2.533 22.694 5.920 1.616 11.456 1,644.623 795.047 355.679 847.453 581.089 3,111.440 1,009.345 336.537 1,504.681 3,060.099 $0,025 .024 .015 .055 . 058 Flour .044 Beats Onions Potatoes Beef .034 .05 .064 35 Total 13.05 19.715 13.297 64.938 13,135.983 $0,619 No. XXV. Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar; bread and butter. Dinner. — Boiled mutton with rice; mashed potatoes; bread and butter; cornstarch pudding with milk and sugar, Supper.- — Stewed potatoes; dried apple sauce ; bread and butter. Analysis. ARTICLE. Quantity. Proteids. Ounces. Fats, Ounces. Carbo- h.ydrates. Ounces. Calories. Lbs. Ounces. 1 6 1 'i '4 "3.5 3 14.4 7 3 8.5 4 ■"s" 4 3.416 .035 3.038 3.344 "i!335 .396 1.344 .096 .108 1.136 2.975 .686 .334 "'i!373 .016 .064 "'!028 10.912 .017 4.704 33.769 6.846 1.956 "3!i76 11.456 4.440 3.864 1,848.693 789.099 1,078.944 3,131.901 795.047 236.658 503.014 407.553 1,504.681 536.544 353.600 $0,035 Butter S. milk Flour .053 .107 .044 Sugar Cornstarch .023 .01 .16 Riee Potatoes Dried apples Raisins .018 .064 .04 .03 Total 16 5.4 11.903 6.611 69.140 11,154.733 $0,583 "Wokkingman's MonuL IIomk. No. XXA'I. Breakfast — Oatmeal wllh milk and sugar; bread and butter. Ditinei: — Picke(l-\ip endlish with milk; bdiled piitatdes; bread anil butter. Supper. — Codiisb balls; bananas (0) with sugar; bread .and butter. Analmia. 439 ARTIULK. Quantity. Proteids. Ouiice.s. t^ats. Ounces. Carbii- hjnlrutt'S. Ounces. Calories. Price Lbs. Ounces. S. milk i 1 3 1 8 1 . t •) 4 9.5 'io.'.5' 10 1.25 3.224 2.805 2.416 1.059 1.218 .221 .728 "ai-io' .280 1.130 .042 . 0.58 .231 4.993 7.579 .030 19.099 10.912 i6!;'i83 5.140 1,144.120 881.001 90:i.401 2,018.309 1,848. 0!)2 214.033 1,303.017 081.023 SO. 114 Sugar Butter Flour .020 . 00 .037 . 030 Cod tish Potatoes Bauauas .078 .0.58 .05 Total 15 3 11.583 5.805 .58.124 9,0(54.300 10.458 No. XXVIT. Sreakfa.1t. — Oatmeal witli milk and sugar; bread and butter. Diimer. — Corned beef; boiled cabbage; bread and butter. Supper. — Stewed potatoes; cabbage soup; bread. Analysis. ARTICLE. Quantity. ProteiUs. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates, ounces. Calories. Lbs. '4 '2 2 3 2 Ounces. Oatmeal S. milk 10.75 8.75 3 8.5 0.9 4 5.5 10 1.623 2.2.55 .030 "4;379 4.788 1.123 .882 .763 . 509 2.. 55 '".'427 9.570 .150 .043 7.331 3.492 .015 8.313 39.130 "2!942 7.518 1,240.681 799.016 077.. 5.50 !)05.912 :i.i)91.140 3,orn 7»\ 511.402 987 . 447 $0,033 .080 Butter Sugar Flour Corued beef Cabbage Potatoes . . .• .045 .029 .050 .235 .10 .042 Total 10 9.4 14.980 14.017 58.747 12,254.995 $0,600 MO New Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. No. XXVIII. Breakfast. — Oatmeal with milk and sugar ; bread and butter. Dinner. — Cold corned beef ; boiled potatoes ; string beans ; bread and butter. Sapper. — Stewed potatoes ; bread and butter. Analysis. Quantity. Proteids. Ounces. Fats. Ounces. Carbo- hydrates. Ounces. Calorie Price. Lbs. '3 '3 1 2 Ounces. Oatmeal Flour 14 4.6 3 25 6.75 9 3.5 6.5 3.5 4 3.114 4.036 .033 1.697 "!635 1.144 .407 4.788 .994 .402 2.762 .883 ' ' ' .'667 .054 .074 9.576 9.548 37.413 .016 2.628 8.803 .252 9.755 1.739 1,617.372 3,758.728 783.367 601.161 1,022.868 35.553 1,281.198 268.254 3,078.781 $0,030 .058 Butter S milk .048 060 Sugar Onions Potatoes String beans Corned beef .080 .01 .054 .10 .335 Total 14 5.1 14.343 14.252 60.153 12,897.183 §0.610 Stjmmakt. Total food consumed during July, 1898. ARTICLE. Pounds. Proteids. Pounds. Fats. Pounds. Carbo- liydrates. Pounds. Calories. Beef shoulder .... 18.75 13.70 9.00 2.81 2.. 54 .79 1.25 2.25 .81 .68 2.40 .15 3.6563 2.31.53 1.1970 .5648 .3540 .0237 .3087 . 4050 .1636 .19.58 .5136 .0546 3.9250 3.9819 3.3940 .1517 1.7780 .6163 .4887 .1800 .0798 .0299 .0072 .0237 '"".'0983 19,135.00 20,892.50 Corned beef 12,380.00 Liver 1,878.34 Bacon 7,518.40 Salt pork 2,496.40 2,450.00 Beef heart . . 1,512.53 Veal 639.90 487.48 CodUsh (salt) 984.00 Herring (dried) 201.75 55.13 9.5533 12.6056 .0983 70,511.80 Butter 5.68 18.32 98.38 r 1.20 .71 .0.568 .6338 3.0497 .1788 .3009 4.7855 .6778 .6886 .1360 .3530 .0381 .8798 4.7232 .0048 .0127 20,8.53.45 Whole milk .5,679.20 Skim milk 17,216.50 Eggs 865.30 Cheese 1 469.70 134.24 4.1085 6.5399 5.6471 45,583.05 Total animal food 179.37 i 13.6608 I 19.1355 5.74.54 1116,094.35 X X uu < 1- < ^ Workincjman's Model Home. Sdmmaky — Continued. 4il ARTICLE. Flour Oatmeal Rice Hominy Cora meal Cracked wheat Corn starch . . . Potatoes Cabbage Lettuce Dried peas . Dried beans . . . Onions Beets Stringed beans Bananas Dried apples . . Apples Dried prunes. . Raisins Peaches Sugar Syrup Macaroni Total vegetable food ... Total food 3.45 men 38 days For 1 man 1 day. For 1 man 1 day . . Voit'.s standard. . . . American standard. Pounds. 54.48 .13 .81 .00 .75 .59 .45 87.30 401.35 4.15 Grams. 1,882.44 Proteids. Pounds. 5.9938 3.1898 .2079 .1400 .6310 .0836 10.2341 Fats. Pounds. .5993 1.4998 .0113 .0700 .3565 .0413 3.4780 Carbo- hydrates. Pounds. 40.8055 14.8073 3.3311 .6333 4 7655 .3736 .4401 64.0563 Calories. 89, .565. 13 39,081.35 4,580.30 1,650.00 11,103.75 973.50 818.48 147,772.40 82.67 1.7360 .0836 14.7979 31,001.25 7.00 . 1470 .0310 .38.50 1,085.00 1.50 .0187 .0375 104.61 .75 .3003 .0137 .4330 1,173.75 3.81 .8801 .0763 3.2555 6,153.15 4.71 .0659 .0141 .4757 1,059.75 1.15 .0313 .0048 .0823 184.00 3.09 .0679 .0123 .2793 736.15 104.68 3.1371 .3237 18.7361 41,487.66 5.43 .1039 .0335 1.3638 3,683.90 1.00 .0125 .5550 1,056.41 5.10 .0304 .7393 1,403.50 .50 .0135 .6635 .3.580 705.66 1.00 .0370 .0070 .7160 1,411.33 .71 .0031 .0038 .1138 225.55 13.73 .1784 .0458 3.7339 7,484.35 14.25 1.62 .50 '"".Qih '"".'6625 13.9365 1.1843 .3835 27,700.85 3,303.20 805.59 16.37 .045 .0025 15.5033 30,709.64 331.98 I 13.5946 | 3.7.500 1 102.0395 1227,454.05 87.3554 31.8865 107.7749 348,548.40 .28 .336 1.11 3,. 556. 4 Grams. 137 118 125 Grams. 102.51 56 135 Grams. 503.49 .500 450 3,.5.56.4 3,050.0 3,530.0 Cost for twenty-eight days Cost for one day Averajre cost for one raiin one day. Averaf^e cost for one individual . . . 15.109 .539 .156 .107 56 4A2 New York at the "Woeld's Columbian Exposition. Conclusion. What the Workingman's Model Home attempted to do as an exhibit has been outlined in the foregoing pages. Perhaps a word is in place as to what it did not attempt to do. Among the many visitors to the house were tliose wlio severely criticized because no comjjiete scheme of living was outlined. "How are you going to educate your chil- dren ? " " Where is tlie money coming from for church, club, news- paper and amusements ? " " What is the family to do in case of long and severe illness ? " " What scheme have you devised for laying aside money for old age ? " These are only a few of the questions asked. And they are all important questions. They must be met and answered in some way by every family wliose intelligence causes them to aim higher than at the gratification of merely animal needs. And only $500 a year on which to do all tliis ! Let these who criticise try to answer. Every trial may help toward a solution. True, we can spend less than $120 per year for rent. But can we do it in our cities without sacrificing the conveniences, fresh air, sunlight, room for privacy and all that resjDectable quarters contrib- ute toward health and morality ? We can. live and perhaps not suffer from the cold 'by spending less than $100 a year for clothing. But can we do it and be clothed so decently as to make ourselves self- respecting ? It is doubtful if we can be 23roperly fed on less than $200 a year. From' what quarter is retrenchment to come ? How many families are there in the country who, striving by all means in their power, cannot earn $500 a year ? The persons who will show how such families can live in comfort on their present incomes will be the greatest benefactors of their time. But the question is too closely involved with the social and industrial problems of the day to be easily answered. It was obviously ridiculous to look for a coinplete solution in such an exhibit as that made in the Workingman's Model Home. What, then, did the exhibit accomplish ? Its chief value was in the stimulation of thought along these lines. If its success can be meas- ured by the interest shown in it by the public its projectors may well be satisfied. That interest seemed to indicate increasing thought among the people upon the subject of the importance of household economics. From the time of its opening in June, when many of the officials of the ' World's Fair, leaving more ambitious entertainments, attended the informal afternoon tea given in honor of the completion of the house, to the last night in October, when crowds thronged the house until after the hour for closing, not a day passed when there could not be found among the guests tliose who came seeking information or help. Among those who came were philanthropists of all shades of opinion looking for practical ideas which tliey might carry home to their work. There were btiilders and men specially interested in giv- ing good homes' to the laboring classes, who studied the plan of the house and its arrangements. There were students of economics or of domestic science who were interested in the food experiment, and 3'oung people going to housekeeping who wanted to copy the lists of furnish- WoEKiXGMAx's Model Home. 443 ings. Last but nut the least ajipreciative were our foreign visitors. Many of these, staying perliaps for a few weeks and \-isiting few jiri- vate iionses, found this their only opportunity of studying the interior of the home of an American workingnian. The exhibit was indebted to the press of tlie coimtry for most kindly notices and criticism, and many people who M'onld otherwise haA'e been ignorant of its existence were brought to the model home through this means. To Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, Hon. John Boyd Thacher and the Board of General Managers of Xew York State is due the credit of originating the plan and furnishing the means for carrying it out. The work of installing the exhibit at Jackson Park was made easy, and its successful working from day to day insured, through the courtesy and help of the officials of the Xew York State Building and exhibits, as well as through the many kindnesses of those in authority in the various departments of the exposition. EEPOET ON THE CHAEITIES AM CORREC- TKMS EXHIBIT. EXHIBIT CLASSED IN IJBERAL AKTS DEPARTMENT, BUT INSTALLED IN THE ANTHEOPOHIGICAL BUILDING. A special effort was made by the exposition authorities to secure from all the States exhibits of the methods employed in their charitable, penal, correctional and reformatory institutions, and a special bureau was formed for that purpose in the liberal arts department. New York's board heartily supported the idea and obtainecl the co-operation of the State Board of Charities. Tlie latter, under the personal supervision of their secretary. Dr. Charles S. Hoyt, prepared a systematic statement of the laws and conditions governing the work in New York, and tabu- lated charts of results obtained and developments noted, supplemented by models of the best institutions in the State. The Board of General Managers on their part defrayed all expenses connected with the exhibit. As a tangible and gi-aphic representation of the results of many years of liljeral expenditure of jjublic money and of the labors of earnest, al)le and devoted men and women, it possessed a special interest for our own citizens and gave to visitors from other States and countries an impressive conception of the charitable niuniiicence of New York. It is much to be regretted that the installation of the exhibit from New York was so poorly arranged by the exposition director in charge. Scattered about the Anthropological Building in several different places, in accordance with the exposition idea of a com])arative exhibit by States and countries of similar subjects, the display lost a great jJart of its impressiveness^ The paucitj^ of material rendered the " comjiarative " display in tliis dejjartment a total failure from a scientific standpoint, and the State displays suffered correspondingly in effect because of this fractional arrangement. Mucli of the confusion was jjrobably due to the indifferent attitude of the exposition officials towards the libei-al arts department in the construction period of the fair, and the very late date and conse(pient hurry in wliich the Anthropological Building was completed and the exhibits installed. Among the most noteworthy exhibits from New York in this deijartment were the Rochester Industrial School, containing a full representation of the studies pursued and work done in the institution ; the model of the Elmira Reformatory ; model of the Utica Insane Asylum ; model of the Letchworth Poorhouse, and splendid series of forty-two statistical charts tabulating volumes of information. The Letcliworth Poorhouse especially attracted wide attention. It was designed by the Hon. "\¥m. P. Letch-worth, of Buffalo, who has been for many years a member of the State Board of Charities, and lias made poorhouse architecture a study for twenty years. The objects attained in the model are perfect sanitation, convenience and economy Eeport on the Charities axd rouRKCTioNs Exmnrr. 445 in adininistratioii, pnitection against tiro, anil a pi'(i])er classitii-ation of the inniatus acctu'ding to tlieir peculiar physical aiul mental cdnditiiin, and a c(_ini])lete scjiaration of the sexes. The model on exliil)iti()n pni- vided for the accommodation of eij^'hty ])ersiins. It is a matter of cmi- gratulation that the State was enabled to show a I)uil(liug wliich virtu- ally represented the experience of the world, and will ])rove a model for similar institutions in this and other countries. The followiiii;; extract from the current annual report of tlie State Board of Charities will summarize the scope and character of the exhibit : New Yoek State Charitable Exhibit at the World's Columbian Exposition. "At the request of the Managers of the Exhihit of the State <.)f New York at the World's Columbian Ex])osition, held in Chicago in 1S93, this board pre])are(l exhibits of the penal, charitable, eleemosynary, correctional and reformatory work of the State, which were forwarded to (Jliieago early in the year, and assigned space in connection witli similar exhibits from other States and countries at tlic exposition. These e.xhibits, in accordance with instructions issued by the bureau of charities and correction, approved by the director general of tlie exjxj- sition, then in course of })reparation and referred to in the last annual report of the Ijoard, were as follows : "1. A map of the State, designating in block characters the location of all its penal, charitable, eleemosynary, correctional and reformatory institutions. "2. A directory of the penal, charitable, eleemosynary, correctional and reformatory institutions of this State, showing the object and the purposes of such institutions and their classification by counties. " 3. A set of statistical charts, forty-two in numljer, I'elating to crime, pauperism, insanity, immigration, etc., with the annual expenditures therefor, and the value of the property of all kinds in the State, held for penal, charitable, correctional and reformatory purposes, October 1, 1S92. "4. A complete set of the annual and special reports of this board, with copies of circulars, lilaidvs, forms, tables, etc., issued from time to time in the prosecution of its work. . '' 5. Photographic bo(.>ks or albums of various charitable, correctional and reformatory institutions of the State, with the history, objects and purposes, government and management, receipts and ex])enditures, and the number of beneficiaries of such institutions, prepared, at the request of the l)oard, \)y their resjjective managers. " 6. A model of an approved plaa for poorhouses, with special refer- ence to separation of tlie sexes and classification of inmates, heating, lighting, ventilation and drainage, p)rojected and designed by Conmiis- sioner Letchworth and constructed under his supervision and direction. " In addition to tliese exhibits by this board, other exhibits were pre- pared by various charitable, correctional and reformatory institutions of tlie State and sent direct to the exposition, among which were the following : A model of the State Eeformatory at Elmira; a model of a 446 New York at the "Wokld's Columbian Exposition. detached liospital building of the Utica State Hospital ; a model of the hospital building of the State Custodial Asylum for Feeble-minded Young Women at Newark, with numerous photographic views of the institution ; a large collection of technological work, by the State Industrial Scliool at Rochester ; and pliotographic views of the build- ings, plans, etc., of the Buffalo State Hospital at Buffalo, and the St. Lawrence State Hospital at Ogdensburg. Tlie institutions for feeble- minded children, for the blind and the deaf, made their exhibits through their respective national associations for these classes ; and, besides those above enumerated, numerous other charitable, correctional and reformatory institutions, societies and associations of the State prepared and forwarded exhibits, through various channels, and were given sj^ace at the exposition under the classiiication to which they respectively belonged. " It will thus be seen that this State contributed largely to the penal, charitable, correctional and reformatory exhibit at the exposition, and it is believed that its display in this direction, both in the extent and variety of its subjects and the comprehensive and artistic manner in wliicli they were presented, compared fa^'orably M-ith such exhibits liy other States and countries, reflecting credit alike upon the State and its institutions. In an address upon the grounds of the exposition upon the occasion of ' New York Day,' his excellency. Governor Flower, referring to the various classes of exhibits by this State, spoke of its charitable exhibit as follows : " ' The great work wliich New York State and its civil subdivisions do for the relief of pauperism, for the care of the insane and the edu cation of the defective classes, has been demonstrated at this exhibition as it has never been before. The whole range of activity of the char- itable, correctional and reformatory institutions of the State has been shown in a way which makes the subject clearer than volumes of reports would do. It is the Ijoast of our christian civilization that it cares for those whom pagan civilization neglected. The private and public beneficence of New York transcends all limitations of sect or creed, and its graphic delineation here may well challenge the attention of the world.' " These and other exhibits, the property of the State, have been returned to Albany, and are waiting legislative action for their proper care and proposed permanent exposition." CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPAKT- 3IENT L, LIBERAL ARTS. GEor]> 147. (Tile exhibits in tliis group were iust; Broolilyn Orphsin Asylum Society. — Photographs — buildings, interiors. classes at work, etc.; specimen work in wood carving, chair bottoming, shoe strings, netting, fancy needle and crochet work. Charts. — A series of thirty- -three printed and graphic charts relating to penal, chari- table, eleemosynary, correctional and re- formatory institutions ; their location, number of inmates, operating expenses, average number of inmates b_y decades, nationality of inmates, expenditures, in- crease of immigration, value of property, cost to State and other interesting and pertinent statistics. Elmira Reformatory. — Building: plaster model, very large, open at one side to show distribution and arrangement of cells; canoes, two specimens, elaborately fin- ished, made in tlie reformatory; figures, four wax. showing four styles of uniforms; photographs — scenes in wing frames, showing exteriors and interiors of build- ings, class rooms, gymnasium, workshops, drill, etc.; photographic .specimens of work done and materials made in the institution. Fitch t'reche, Buffalo — under the auspices of the "Charity Organization Society " for the care of children during the working hours of mothers. — Charts — organization, statistical; diagram of creche and training school; photographs — building, interiors, groups. Hebrew" Benevolent and Orphan Asy- lum, i^ew York. — Photographs — build- ings, interiors, groups, classes at work, etc.: publications — reports and papers of the institution; siiccimen work of students. Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society, New York. — Photographs of Orphan Asylum, exteriors and interiors. Hebrew Technical Institute, New Y'ork. — Photographs — buildings, class rooms, work rooms and apparatus; specimen work — wood carving, sixty pieces; metal work, seventy-eight pieces; practical electricity, etc.: mechanical drawings, forty pieces;- free hand, thirty-two pieces. Home for Aged and Infirm, Yonkers — under auspices of Independent Order of Benai Berith. — Photographs and historical sketch. died in the Anthropological Building.) Independent Order of Treue Schwes- tern, New York. — Historical and statis- tical sketch. "Kemmler" chair; first chair and appa- ratus used in the world to infiict the death penalty by electricity; first used at Au- burn prison August 6, 1890, for the exe- cution of Kemnder. Letchworth Poorhouse. — Model alms- house with working plans. List of charitable, benevolent and co- operative associations and societies in the State. Louis' Down Town Sabbath and Daily School. — Chart — statistical and explana- tory; photographs — classrooms, classes, exercises, specimen work. Map showing location of every penal, charitable, eleemosynary, correctional and reformatory institution in the State. New York Protestant Episcopal City Mission Society. — Report 1891-1892; pho- tographs — album of various hospitals, prisons and correctional institutions where its work is carried on. New York Opthalmic Hospital. — Pho- tographs; reports. New York Sisterhood of Personal Serv- ice, Hebrew Women. — Charts, statis- tical. New York State Home for Aged and Infirm Hebrews. — Historical sketch; photographs. Photographs, miscellaneous: American Female Guardian Society's Home for the Friendless. Brooklyn Industrial School and Home for Destitute Children. Buffalo Hospital of the Sisters of Charity. Catholic Male Orphan Asylum. Troy. — Album. Hebrew Orphan Asylum, New York. — Kindergarten. House of Good Shepheni. with sketch, Troy. House of Good Shepherd for Destitute Children, Utica. Hudson Orphan and Relief Association. — Album. New York Institute for Instruction of Deaf and Dumb, — Album. Rockaway Beach Sanitarium. 448 New Yokk at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. St. Coleman's Orphan Asylum, Water- vliet. — Album! St. John's Orphan Asylum for Destitute Females, with sketch, Utica. St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, Albany. — Album. Troy Hospital of Sisters of Charity. Publications, miscellaneous: Association for Befriending Children and Young Girls; House of Holj' Family. Second avenue. New York, and House of Nazareth. AVhite Plains. — History. Demilt Dispensarj'. — Reports, two vol- umes, 1851-1893. Margaret Strachan Home for Fallen Women, New York. — Report. New York County Visiting Committee of State Charities Association for Belle- vue and other HosiJitals. — Reports. 1873- 18S3. New Y^ork Training School for Nurses, Bellevue. — Report. Sanitarium for Hebrew Children of the Cit}' of New York. — Report. Saratoga Home for Children. — History. State Board of Charities. — Reports, nineteen volumes, 1867-1890 ; specimen blanks and papers. State Charities Aid Association, New York. — Papers and reports, seven vol- umes, 1872-1893 ; Report to State Board, five volumes. 1873-1893. , State Charities "Record," 1889-1893. St. John's Guild. New York (for the relief of sick children, without regard to creed, color or nationalitj') — Charts, sta- tistical and explanatory, combination iron bed and suspended crib, oil painting of floating hospita ! ; pen sketcli of ' sea side " hospital ; photogaphs of hospitals, grounds, interiors, etc. St. Mary's Orphan Home, Biughamton. — Album of photographs, specimen work of pupils. St. Mary's Orphan Asylum, Dunkirk. — Photographs; specimen class work; speci- men sewing. St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asylum, Buffalo. — Photographs; historical sketch; specimen needlework. Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents in the City of New York; New York Hou.se of Refuge. — Specimen kindergarten work; specimen drawings in all grades ; specimen sewing; plain and fancy needlcwoi'k. Soldiers and Sailors' Home, Bath. — Sketch of institution, topographical map of grounds; photographs. State Hospital for In.saae, Binghamton. — Specimen articles made by inmates. State Hospital for Insane, Buffalo. — • Photographs — buildings, exteriors, inte- riors, etc. ; training school statistics, State Hospital for Insane, Utica.- — Model of hospital (five and one-fourth by six and one-fourth feet); reports, five volumes, 1843-1893 ; Journal of Insanity, printed and bound in hospital; photo- graphs — buildings, exteriors and in- teriors, grounds, etc.'; specimen articles made by inmates. State Hospital for Insane, Willard. — Pen drawings of hospital buildings and surroundings. State Industrial School, Rochester. — Charts, statistical and explanatorj', ex- hibit booth, designed and made by the students , photographs — buildings, grounds, etc piaster cast of horse and pedestal by boy sixteen j'ears old rules of institution; specimen work in drawing, fuUhand, mechanical and architectural, clay modeling, wood carving, ironwork and blacksmithing, painting, needlework, tailoring. URSi tLHCTROCUTlON CHAIR REPORT ON THE BOARD OF HEALTH EXHIBIT. rSSTALLED IX THE A2JTHEOPOLOGHCAL BCILDIXG. The exhibit of the Xew York State Board of Health \ras under- taken by that otiice at the eleventh hour upon the earnest solicitations of Chief Executive Officer McXaughton. Por tlie limited time at their disposal the display \ya5 of the highest order and presented in con- clusive form Xew York's much heralded system of supervising and enforcing health laws. Xo attempt was made to show in full the developments of the powers and jurisdiction of the board, but a few tj'pical systems of water sitpply, sewerage and general sanitation were fully exemplified, and these exhibits su^jplemented by statistics, reports and treatises on various phases of health topics. Among the most prom- inent exhibits were a map showing the eight sanitary districts of jSTew York, viz. : The Maritime, Hudson Valley, Mohawk Valley, Adiron- dack and Xorthern, East Central, West Central, Lake Ontario and TVestern, and Southern Tier, together with charts showing the relative area, density of population, and average death rate of each district, a statistical chart giving summaries of the monthly buDetins of mortality from 1SS7 to 1S92, and a series of yearly bulletins of mortality. The Croton ri^'er watershed and aqueduct was taken as a type of its class as it supplies the largest city of the country. A large map was con- structed containing the coiu'se of the New Croton aqueduct, present aqueduct, Bronx river pipe line and the watersheds of the Croton, Bronx and Byram rivers. Plans and sketches of tlie villages in the Croton watershed occupied three small charts, and arranged in one lai'ge frame were sixty-six views of yarious parts of the Croton water- shed. A graphic analytical chart of Croton water completed this exhibit. Several villages in the State were taken to illustrate the best methods of drainage and sewerage. An elaborate plan of the sewerage system of "White Plains was exhibited to show the " chemical process" used there with marked success, while a plan of the sewerage works of Albion, ■with a sub-plan showing filter tield and outlet sewers, was exhibited to show the " filtration bed " process. Plans of the sewer systems of Medina, Sus]3ensiou Bridge, Gotiverneur and Walton illustrated the most improved methods of direct gravity drainage into large bodies of water. A complete set of the reports of the State Board of Health with several scientific treatises on germane subjects completed this very comprehensive and interesting exhibit. The New York city board of' health also made a valuable exhibit which may lie l)riefly sumniarizeil as follows : 1. One large album containing about 50(i of the prmcipal blanks used in the department, so arranged as to illustrate the usual routine 57 450 New Yoek at the AYoklu's Columbian Exposition. work of the department from the time of receiving a complaint from an)' citizen until the final disposition of the same, and illustrating the work performed by the several divisions of the department and of the officers and employees thereof. 2. A collection of the more important circulars and jjamphlets issued by the board of health for public distribution. 3. Thirty-nine large photographic views, framed, illustrating the machinery of the department in ti'ansporting and caring for persons sick with contagious disease, as well as the methods and machinery used in fumigating, disinfecting or destroying infected goods. REPORT 0^ THE NEW YORK EDUCATIOML EXITTRIT. By HOWARD J. ROGERS, Albany, Assistant Dikector. The New York educational exhibit held the j^osition of honor in tlie liberal arts department. One-seventh of the space devoted to education was granted the '' Empire State ; " and the central bridge connecting the sonth aisle and leading directly out from the office of the liberal arts department was assigned to her use. This space con- tained 10.S6i square feet. Separated from this space bj the liberal arts offices were 2^500 feet, granted the teclmical schools, and in the south- east corner of the building were iOO feet allotted to the trade schools. This made a total assignment to New York of 13,76i feet, not includ- ing the space granted the art schools and business schools in the west gallery. The installation of the exhibit of the State was in keeping with this generous recognition of her prominence in educational matters. The walls and jiartitions were made of quartered oak and tlie j^icture-hang- ing surface covered with baize of purple, the State color. Oak tables, desks, cabinets, showcases, bookcases and chairs were furnished in quantity to fully equijj the sjjace. The alcoves were large and the arrangement was designed to give an open, roomy effect and to avoid the stall-like aj^pearance too prevalent throughout the department. Signs and banners of purple and gold marked every division of space. The effect of the complete installation was striking, artistic and har- monious. Abundant testimony was given througliout the fair, not only by the general public, but by experts and critics specially appointed, that in artistic arrangement New York's exhibit was easily foremost in the liberal arts department. Editoational Bureau. The preparation and supervision of the educational exhibit was dele- gated by the Board of General Managers to a bureau specially appointed as a sub-department of the commission. Under dates of August 25 and September 3, 1S92, Hon. John Boyd Thacher wrote Melvil Dewey, secretary of the University of the State of New York, expressing his anxiety over " our failure to make a proper educational exhibit," and urging him to take charge of the proposed bureau. Mr. Thacher further urged " that it is the one opportunity likely to occur in our lifetime of showing to tlie world the condition and progress of edu- cational matters in the State of New York." Mr. Thacher promised the immediate appropriation by the Board of General Managers of $5,000 for preliminary expenses, and further promised the financial support of the board for any adequate plan adopted. The result of this 452 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. correspondence was the calling of a special meeting of the Board of Regents on September 29, 1S93. Mr. Thaclier was invited to come before the board and present the matter fiiUj for their consideration. The following extract is from the ofScial minutes of the meeting : " Mr. Thacher made a statement of the plans for the educational exhibit at the World's Fair, and said that the Board of General Man- agers for the State, after careful consideration, felt that it was essential to the best success of the State's educational exhibit that the Kegents should allow the secretary of the University to undertake its organiza- tion and immediate direction. He said the State Board had already set apart §5,000 for expenses up to January 1, 1893, and if more was nec- essary it would be j^rovided, as they would prefer to stop some of their judicial district work, if necessary, rather than cripple the educational exhibit, which ought to be the special pride of the State. Many ques- tions were asked and answered, and after Mr. Thacher's withdi'awal the board discussed the question at length. " On motion of Regent Harris, it was iinally unanimously " Voted, That the secretary be authorized to accept the ap])ointment of director of the bureau of the educational exhibit of the State of New York at the World's Columbian Ex^^osition, and to devote so much of Jiis time to the new duties as may be consistent with his necessary supervision of the regular work of the university ; provided, that the State Board of Managers meet all necessary expenses of the bureau, including needed assistance." This action was ratified by the Board of General Managers, and on October twelfth Mr. Howard J. Rogers, of the Albany Academy, was selected as Mr. Dewey's executive officer, with the title of assistaut director. Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, of Vassar College, was made director for the Women's Board. The following advisory board was appointed to assist in prejjaring plans for an exhibit : Pres. Setli Low, Col- umbia College, New York ; Pres. David J. Llill, University of Roch- ester, Rochester ; Hon. James F. Crooker, State Superintendent of Public Instruction, Albany ; Pres. James M. Taylor, Yassar College, Poughkeepsie ; Pres. J. G. Schurman, Cornell University, Ithaca ; Prof. Lucy M. Salmon, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie ; Rt. Rev. Henry Gabriels, bishop of Ogdensburg, Ogdensburg ; Frederick B. Pratt, secretary Pratt Institute, Brooklyn ; Hon. A. S. Draper, ex-Superintendent of Public Instruction, Albany ; Miss Ella Weed, Barnard College, New York ; Felix Adler, Society for Ethical Culture, New York ; Pres. William J. Milne, State Normal College, Albany ; William H. Maxwell, superintendent of schools, Brooklj'u ; Prof. P. C. Ricketts, director Rensselaer Polj^technic Institute, Troy. As indicated hj the name, the powers of the above board were purely advisory, and after two meetings, in which a general policy was outlined, the further developm'eut of the exhibit and the execution of all details were left in the hands of Director Dewey and his assistant, Mr. Rogers. Plan' foe Secueing Exhibits. The short time intervening between the opening of the fair and the establishing of the educational bureau required the most active work on O Repoet on the Educational Exhibit. 453 the part of its officers, and a larger expenditure for expert labor, trav- eling expenses, etc., than ■would have been the case with more time. The uncertainty, also, of the educational interests of the country receiv- ing ]iroper recognition from the Chicago authorities, and the long delay, till Janiid,ry, 1S93, in assigning space after sucli recognition was made, greatly hampered their efforts. That the bnreau M"as able, under these conditions, to prepare so com- plete an exhibit was due largely to the loyalty and zeal with which the school superi:.tendents and principals responded to their appeals. The educational bureau was charged with securing a proper representation of the universities, colleges, professional and technical schools, acade- mies, high schools and elementaiy schools. Its first circular, issued October 2(3, 1892, urged the institutions to make an exhibit: First, as a matter of Xational, State and local ]Dride ; second, for the value to the institution itself of preparing the exhibit ; third, for the opportunity of winning the M-idest possible public recognition of any special merits. A series of suggestions followed as to -what might be exhibited. The chief objections on the part of the institutions to preparing an exhiljit were reduced to three : First, lack of time ; second, lack of money, it being generally recognized that to push an exhibit through rapidly would require nearly doul)Je the outlay necessary if the prepa- rations could be made slowly ; third, a d(jubt as to the advisability of preparing an exhibit nnder the circunistances for so short a period. To remove these objections, the bureau was authorized by the Board of General Managers to announce that certain expenses connected with the exhibit and all expenses after the actual 'oreparation of material would be borne by the bureau. This decision met the first two objections, and the third •was removed by the fodowing plan, formu- lated by the bureau and ratified by the Board of General Managers in November, 1S92. It was first published in the general circular, No. 5, under date of November 29, 1892: " Unless otherwise specified, all exhibits sent to the bureau will be treated as contributed to the State's educational exhibit, which, after the Columbian Exposition, will be kept in the Capitol at Albany as the nucleus of a permanent educational mxisexim. Exhibitors may, there- fore, feel that they ai'e preparing exhibits not simjjly for six months in the temporary buildings at Chicago, but also for permanent display in the finest fire-proof building on tiie continent, and in a location which insures constant use." In return for these gifts the Board of General Managers agreed to relieve schools entirely of charges for (1) printed forms, labels, shipping envelopes, tags, etc. ; (2) special facilities for displaying work of unusual excellence ; (3) composition of handbooks ; (-i) wing frames, cabinets, showcases, tables and shelves; (5) transportation; ((3) installa- tion ; (7) care and supervision during the exposition. This effort tc build up a pedagogic department in the State Museum at Albany was heartily approved by the schools and colleges, and the result justified the broad views of tiie commission, for save in the case of one institu- tion every exhibit was given to the bureau on these terms. 454 N nw ^'iirlni(>nt lit (■hicag'd, wliic^li slalcil llinl llic |iiiMir si'ImkiI exhibits iiiusl; hii liv g'radi^K, niid lliiit IIk^ Sinle was I lie siimllesi, iinil lluit ^^'(lul(l lu^ reeog- iii/.ed. A slrangei'desii'iiig Id siiidy primary scJukiI worl< and uiellitids conld thus lind it all j^'iMUiied in one |ila('iMnstea.(l of hasini;' Id search ioi' it ill as many dilTei'ent |iIikhw as made (<\hihils. This arranii'ement was h\ I'ar llie mest l(ij>'i('al and scicaililic, and was diilv nhjecled In liy cities which desired le liave an alcove hv tiKmisi'Kcs. It was (lecid(Ml, after iiiiich discussion with the aiUisory hoard, not to alltMn|it to si^cni'(^a, modilication of the rule, l)Ut lo ai'ranj;'(^ the iwhihit Irom a. State slan(l|ioint. 'I'he i;'rade(l jilan worked out sa.lisraclorilv, and, insl(ia.d of (^iiininalinii,' llu* fUiCtor vi' local pridii in preparini;' anexhihit, proved rather to stimulate it, for each school system was spurred on to ninki' II fuuM' display in imm^Ii i^'rade and produced a, In^tter bidiuuHMl exhiliil IliiHi is likely to he seen where all i;'rades ai'e f^'rouptul tofi;ether anil I hi' (h'licicmcii's of one alio wed to i;'o nniioliced hciMUise of tlu* excol- leiici(>s (d' another. Within i^udi (lei>arlinenl, howm'cr, the (vxhihit of 11 (uty or villai;'o was shown as a unii, so that while tlu< Stal:e did not ha\-e what is tiiclmically called a. " coll(H'ti\'i^ " exhihil, it did present a. (mmparative tlis[)lay ol' " collective" (>xhihits IVoiii cities luul instiln- tions. MdiiUH wore thus rnrnishcd of not only compiii'ina- New ^ or[> Statr M'itli other Sialics, hut of (Mimpiirint;' one section of Now York with another. Plan ok Kxuiiirr. Theexhihit was divided into ele\en n'cneral dcpartuieids : TTniviu'sity (d' the State of New \'ork, universities and collen'cs, unixiM'sity oxt(M\sion, lechnical schools, trade schools, ncadeuii((s, liij;'h schools, luinual schools, ehMiienlary schools, kindei'ij^'arlcu and private schools. ]<]iH',li of thes(\ depart incuts occupied one liii'n'e alco\'i< of ahmit dOO sipiarii I'et^t, exc(*pl the elementary schools, which had two, the (^olh'i;'cs and universities whiidi occupied ahoiit ;>,r>()l) feet along- tlu! east and W(vst universily aisle, and llui rriitt Inslitiilc and KiMisselaer Polytechnics Instilule, which hetween them occupiinl 'J,ri(H) sipiaix' feet in the soulh- W(sst corner (d' the n'lillery. The two latter instiliitions and the New \'ork 'i^'iule School were mifortiinalely s(>para4ed from the main t^xliihit. h\' a depart mental rule which iiimcil to ormip loi;'(-ther schools of a. (MUSS. The New \'ork art. schools occupied, in adilitiun, iilmiit l,(HIO feet in the west <;'illl(U'y, and the husilU'ss schools ahout f)(i(l feet in the collective husiiu^ss college exhihit, midway up the sinne side. 'I'he lU'compiuiyini;' plan w»S lulopted for the division of sj)aci\ This elTeclive arriingiMuent typilied the peculiar orn'imizat ion in Ninv ^'ork. In the same l(\n'islivtivo act of May 1, 17S-I, the llni\'ei'sity of tluwStatc of N( I'ni- vorsity dt^purtnuint, wdiich oceupiiHl by virtue of its orgiuiization tho Eepokt on tiik Eduoationai, ExiiiiiiT. 455 position at the intersection of the University and New York aisles, the line runs on the west through the universities of the State, colleges for men and M'omen, jjrofessional and technical schools, law, medicine, theology, etc., endowed academies, high schools, academic departments of union schools and private schools for boys and girls, ending at the santJi entrance witli university extension. On the east the line runs from the State University through Columbia, cotemporary in age, Teach- ers College, which is so closely attiiiated M'ith Columbia and is also the connecting link between the normal schools and the higher institutions, then to normal schools, grannnar and primary schools under tlie juiis- diction of the Department of Public Instruction, to tlie kindergarten, which provides for the educational needs of those ycnmger than the ordinary school age, as miiversity extension, across the aisle at the end of the other series, provides foi those older. The divisions were not arbitrarily made and all exhibits of the same grade crowded into the space assigned it, but the partitions were rather placed to accommodate the amount of material exhibited in a de]mrt- ment. To secure uniformity, the partitions on the west of tlie long aisle ^vere made to correspond closely with tliose on the east. The bomidary partitions M'ere ten feet high. A heavy oak floor piece, eight inches high, was the foundation. A pine partition, covered with rich purple baize, litted into this and carried the height to eight feet. Surmounting this to the height of two feet was a handsome frieze and wainscoting of quartered oak. The cross partitions, or thir- teen and one-half foot screens, were eight feet high and similarly made with the exception of the superior frieze. Along the ten-fo(jt aisle on either side was a row of fifty oak showcases three feet high. These, while affording valuable exhibit sijace, gave the appearance of greater breadth to the aisle and a more open effect to the whole exhibit. This was further heightened by tlie use of wing frames as a substitute for wall space. Twenty-two of handsome design wei'e built of oak, and as each standard carried fifty doubk^ frames, with a show surface on each frame of twenty-two inches by twenty-eight inches, a total exhil)it space of 9,l->l.t4 square feet was obtained, or enough to display l;j,ii(>0 eight b}' ten-inch photographs. Oak cabinets, bookcases, tables and chairs in quantity completed the furnishing. So expensive an installation would not have been made, nor in fact justified, for a mere six months' show ; but as the complete outfit was to become the ultimate proj)erty of the State and l)e located in the Capitol, it was considered a M'ise economy to have it harmonize witli the oak furnitui'e (.)f the Capit(jl. As a rule the exliibits presented l)y the scIuxjIs and colleges followed the line of suggestions sent out Ijy the bureau, and consisted mainly of photographs of school grounds, buildings, both exterior and interior views, groups and classes at work, specimen written work in all sulv jects, scientiti(! collections, statistical charts, administrati\'e forms and blanks, work in mauual training de])artments, liandbooks, catalogues, cii'culars, etc. The above e.vhibits differed from tli(jse of otlier States and C(junti'ies only in their quantity and su|iei'ior quality, and tlie scope of this report does not wai'rant their detailed enumeration. A com- plete catalogue of the Kew York educational exhibit is appended. 456 New Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. A resume of the exhibit by alcoves is given here, followed by a description of the many special features and new ideas in exhibits which attracted wide attention and rendered New York's display the most noteworthy in the department. Exhibits by Institutions. The exhibit of the University of the State of New York was by far the most comprehensive and exact of all the State educational systems shown. Each of its six departments presented a systematic display of its organization, govei'nment, methods and results. The administrative department occupied alcove " E " in the central portion of the space, and was used also for the executive office of the exhibit. The workings of its system by which the University of the State may incorporate and supervise universities, colleges, professional and technical schools, academies, high schools, academic departments, libraries, museums and extension centers, maintain and protect the standard of academic honors and degrees, prevent the use of the name " university " or " college " by unworthy institutions, and combine the great advantages of central organization and supervision with entire freedom for individual and local initiative, were fully shown. A photographic exhibit of over 2,000 views was collected from its 4:84 institutions, and by a series of historical, statistical and descriptive pi'inted and graphic charts and records, the entire educational work of the university was illustrated. Busts and portraits by famous artists of eminent regents, distinguished in State and National ailairs, adorned the space. One of the most striking features was the improvements in model desks, tables and office equipments. These labor-saving meth- ods, appliances and administrative forms are designed to secure the largest practical return for a given expenditure of time, by the use of the most efficient tools, as similar results are attained in manufacturing and business houses by utilizing the latest improvements in machinery and methods. Special prominence was also made of the correctness and clearness of the records of all financial transactions and of the efficient safeguards against accidental or intentional irregularities. m . . . . The minimum and standard academic apj^aratus in the same alcove, and tlie series of handbooks, will be spoken of under the head of special features. The exhibit of publications, records, etc., was particularly valuable and complete. A series of annual reports since 1784, based on sworn returns from institutions of the university, were shown, as well as the many forms, blanks and methods for collecting accurate information and tabulating the same. There were also thirty-one volumes illustrat- ing the educational value of the annual conferences of the university convocation from 1863 to 1893, historical and statistical xccord from 1784 to 1884, and many other important publications. The system of frequent printed bulletins, issued in advance of regular reports and giving early information of educational meetings, legislation, etc., was a distinctive feature. The examination department in alcove " I " presented a carefully arranged exhibit of its elaborate system of academic and higher exam- Seale-'t fidhmc 4 R.P I. P«AT7. 01 .^ Scalr-i tldhn-.ttcnl Fcit XXX X X X X X X X X X X X BALCONY Aisle (7| s"- " J L UNIVERSITY AISLE (I2'j 6 M 6 STAIRS con.. ALUM. SO O ■rt rt L M N 37V SC.TEMP. SOUTH 6ALLERY AISLE 1 (10) 13' S" 37- ' «.P I. PflATT. •i &j' OFEICES DE PT. LI BERAL «RTS. I'l.AN Ol- Ki;\V YuKK bOLCAllONAL EXHIBIT Report os the EcrcATioxAL Exhibit. 457 inations in college and university studies, and also of its nietliods of examinations for law and medical students, which has resulted in rais- ing the standard of admission to these schools and in protecting the pul)lic from incompetence and fraud. Over 20,000 answer parsers in 200 liound volumes illustrated the scope and variety of the work. Graphic and printed charts marked the development and progress of the department. The excellent system of credentials, with its series of fifty -one diplomas, certificates and pass cards artistically engraved and lettered, attracted wide attention. The State Lilii'ary in alcove " J '' made an extensive exhibit of blanks and forms illustrating the most efficient and economic methods of library administration ; charts, tallies, summaries and indexes of the decimal classification used in the library and already adopted liy many libraries at home and aliroad, and its inexpensive methods of distribut- ing desiraljle publications to the libraries of New York through the duplicate department, which acts as a clearing house for the libraries of the State. Its bulletins, designed to serve as a guide to smaller libraries in selecting, classifying and cataloguing, were shown, and its annual summaries of comparative legislation, which places before pub- lic officers a clear but very compact statement of every law on every subject enacted in any State of the Union during the last session of its Legislature. Specimen traveling libraries on several topics were exhib- ited and the system exjjlained whereby any community may borrow from the State for six months a carefully selected library on any topic. A splendid series of fifty bromide enlargements of photograplis of the lil)rary and its equipment gave an admirable conception of its size and work. The Xew York State Library School exhibited its methods of instruction and administration, a series of Ijijund volumes illustrating the quantity and quality of the printed work of the alumni and non- graduates of the school since its opening in 1SS7, and an extensive exhibit of manuscript work of its students, including bibliographies, theses in library economy, annotated and illusti-ated reading lists, note books, charts, tables, summaries, indexes, etc. One volume of com- parative cataloguing rules was specially worthy of note. The State Museum exhibited a file of its valuable scientific publica- tions, including annual reports since 1847, a series of interesting l)ul- letins on building stones, mineral resources, salt industries and similar scientific treatises of practical economic value, and twenty-nine volumes on the zoology, botany and paleontology of the State. For convenience of comparative study, the extension deiaartment of the university was placed in alcove "A"' with the other extension systems in a collective exhibit. Charts, forms, syllabuses and bulletins sufficient to fully illustrate its workings were displayed. Six traveling libraries, arranged in their specially designed shipimig cases, attracted much attention and favorable connnent. Columbia College, as befitted her age and rank, had by far the largest space accorded the universities and colleges, occupying 1,000 square feet in alcoves " K-N." It was attractively fitted out, and the chief exhibit features were a series of thirty very large photographs 58 458 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. of buildings and interiors ; set of statistical charts ; plans of old and new site ; 190 volumes of works of faculty and alumni ; curriculnm of King's College and of Columbia in ITS-i; historical exhibit of old paintings ; copper crown given by George III to King's College and a valuable collection of pamphlets and handbooks for free distribution. The Teachers College (alcove " O "), which is in a certain sense the pedagogic department of Columbia, made exhibits in two departments only — tlie Horace Mann School of English, and manual training. it was New York's good fortune to tlirow a volume of light on the mucli discussed c[uestion of manual training. The graded exhibits from New York city public schools, Working-man's School, New York, Albany High School and Newburgh Free Academy were all in evi- dence. The system presented by Prof. Chas. A. Bennett of the Teachers College, however, was without doubt the most scientific course of manual training adaptable to American schools shown at the exposition. It won the highest commendation from American and foreign critics. The exhibit of wood working was a carefully pre- pared series of models to illustrate Prof. Bennett's "group system." There are six courses, each consisting of a series of groups designed to teach certain principles and their applications. Each group contains two or more required pieces, or models, which every pupil in the class must make. It also contains supplementary pieces which are made by the rapid and more skillful pupils. These courses are designed for boys and girls between the ages of eight or nine and fourteen or fifteen, with a supplementary course of one year in wood turning for boys only. A small cover adjustable to any ordinary school desk and containing an outfit of bracket saw, knife, pencil, rule and triangles sufficient for the first two years' work was a special feature of the course, as it permits its introduction in any school room and saves the expense of fitting up a work room for primary pupils. Accompanying this course was one in clay modeling designed by Prof. Herriek. It comprises a series of clay sketches. Each piece, except i'l the case of the last yeai-, is done in one lesson. The begin- ning of this course is intended for children eight or nine years old, or for those who have had j)reliniinary training in form. The work is planned for six consecutive years, and a part of the time is spent in drawing and color work. The object is to lead children to observe closely and to express readily ideas of natural forms, and of the charac- teristics of the great styles of architecture and ornament. The idea is to have this work practicable in all public schools. The only expense for the first five 3'ears is the clay and the school slates upon which the children work. The sketches of architectural forms, the ornament and the vases are made from large outline drawings ; the natural forms are modeled from nature and the work of the sixth year from casts. Literary work on architecture and ornament is done in connection with the modeling. Cornell University abandoned its idea of making a detailed exhibit on account of the inability of securing space in time fi'om the Chicago authorities. At the request of the bureau, however, Cornell prepared a series of 145 eleven by fourteen-inch photographs, and thirty-five Report ox the Educatioxal Exhibit. 459 statistical charts. These were shown in a wing frame, and witli its catalogues and handbooks for free distribution formed a compact and wonderfully comprehensive exhibit. Tne University of the City of ^ew York occupied alcove " H." Its exhibit was one of the most carefully prepared on the university aisle. Photograjjhs, charts, plans, publications, curriculnms, etc., fully illustrated the work of each department, but it excelled in tlie presen- tation of the work of its alumni. Most interesting and valuable were tlie earliest known sun-picture or daguerreotype of the human face, taken by John T\'. Draper ; early i^hotographic appliances used by hun in developing photos ; Henry Draper's photograph of the moon, nebulte of Orion, spectrum analysis, etc.; electrical apparatus de'^'ised by S. F. B. Morse and his co-worker, Prof. A. S. Yail, together with the oldest telegram in the world, sent from the university l>y Morse, January 24, 1S3S, as dictated by Gen. T. S. Cummings : "Attention, the universe ; by nations, right wlieel ; " words jesting, but certainly prophetic ; a law and medical lilirary written by the university staif, past and present, and photos of the late J. TV. Root, consulting archi- tect of the Columbian Exposition, and G-eorge B. Post, architect of the Manufactures Building, both of whom were graduates of the university. A valuable set of charts from the school of pedagogy on the history of education, evolution of tlie public school system, and other subjects were noteworthy. The exhiljit was in charge of Prof. Edward K. Shaw during July and August, the " educational months " of the fair. Yassar College occuj^ied 1.50 square feet in alcove " G." The exhibit was well chosen and compactly displayed. On a wing frame were pliotographs, courses of study, entrance examinations and adminis- trative forms ; on the wall statistical charts, work from the biological and zoological laboratories, and sj)ecimen rock cutting as done by Prof. Dwight's petrotome. A photograph of tliis famous machine was exhibited, as it was deemed impracticable to take the original apart and set it up at Chicago. A series of photographs of scenes and characters from the Greek play "' Antigone," as given at Yassar in the spring of 1893, attracted much attention and recalled vividly the success of its scholarly and artistic production. A complete file of student pubhca- tions was sent on for reference, and catalogues and handbooks in abundance for free distribution. Colgate and Rochester Universities occupied the larger j^art of alcove '■ F,"' and their exhibits consisted mainly of photographs, courses of study and publications. Hamilton College and the College of the City of Xew York also had small exhibits in the same space. In alcove " D," next to the executive department of tlie University of the State of New York, were situated the exliibits of the endowed academies. Prominent among these were the Albany Academy ; Albany Girls' Academy ; Xew York Military Academy ; St. John's Military School, Manlius ; Riverview Academy, Pouglikeepsie ; Fort Edward Collegiate Institute ; St. Patrick's A.cadeiny, Catskill ; St. Josepli's Academy, Flushing, and La Salle Institute. Troy. Situated in this alcove also was the exliiliit of home-made apparatus, mention of which Is made under special features. 460 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Alcove ■' C " was occupiea oy the high, schools, the chief contributors to which were the high schools of Albanj', Buffalo, Binghamton, Poughkeepsie, Rochester and Syracuse. The most noteworthy exhibits were a splendid collection of drawings from the Albany High School, which had been submitted for the Annesley art prize and the City prize, which are given annually ; specimens of manual training work illus- trating the system pursued in the boys' dejDartment of the Albany High School, and also the Sloyd system, practiced in the girls' department of the same school ; a graded system of manual training from Newburgh Free Academy ; a collection of rock and wood specimens from Broome county, contributed by the students of the Bingliamton High School, and a large memorial window etclied for the Bochester High School by its class in chemistry, as is the custom of each graduating class. Alcove " B " was assigned to private schools. No other State has so many or so good private schools as New York, and it was eminently fitting that they should receive recognition from the bureau, although they are not a part of the State school system. Some very fine exhibits were received, the best of which were the photographs, prize drawings, rock and mineral specimens and administrative forms and blanks from the Berkeley School, New York ; cabinet of geography and history charts and portfolios from Dr. Sacli's School for Girls, New York ; sewing from Mrs. Leojjold Weil's School, New York, and Christiansen Institute, Brooklyn. A graded course in sewing from the Industrial School of the Church of the Holy Communion, New York, was also highly instructive. Alcove " A," the last on the right of tlie New York aisle, contained the collective University Extension exhibit which was prepared by the bureau. It formed a comparative exhibit of the methods, administra- tion, forms, examinations, etc., from the extension department of the University of the State of New York, Univei'sitj' of Chicago, University of Edinburgh, People's Palace, London, Chautauqua and Catholic Sum- mer School of America. The exhibit of the University of the State of New York has already been spoken of. The Chautauqua exhibit was also veiy complete, and thoroughly presented the manner of conducting this organization. One-half of alcove " P " was occujaied by the splendid exhibit of the Workingman's School, which is conducted under the auspices of the Society for Ethical Culture. "The aims of this school, as tersely put by its chief promoter. Dr. Felix Adler, are " not merely to teach the three R's, nor to enable pupils to earn a living, nor to endow them with accomplishments, nor to make them merely intellectually efficient, but to build up manhood and womanhood. It is believed if the highest aim is achieved the lesser also will be attained incidentally." The scientific course of study and intelligent work displayed were among the most admired exhibits at the fair. A special feature of the school is its manual training, which is introduced in the lowest grades and developed throughout the course. Its objects are so concisely stated as to bear repetition here : To train eye and hand ; to develop the imagination ; to give definiteness to the elementary conceptions of geometry ; to furnish the pupils with tlie opjiortunity of making their Si O >- tu z Report ox the Educational Exhibit. 461 own physical apparatus ; to inculcate the dignity of labor ; to foster those moral habits which manual work is specially calculated to produce. The exliibit was arranged by Dr. Max Groszman, superin- tendent of the school. In the same alcove was the photographic exliibit of the American Museum of Natural History, the phonograph and the overflow from the normal schools. The latter occupied almost one-half of alco^'e "Q."' Every school in the State was represented except Brockport. The largest and most complete exhibit was made by Oswego. It con- sisted of theses and discussions written by students on nearly every educational topic, educational M'orks written by the faculty and alumni, statistical charts, work from scientific and practice dejjartments, plioto- gra23hs, circulars, etc. The exhibit attracted much attention for its scientific vahie. The Cortland J^ormal School showed a fine collection of drawings, written and laboratory A\'ork ; the Buffalo [N^ormal School a full line of written work and photos. Other noteworthy exhibits were photo- graplis from Oneonta and Potsdam, and art work from Fredonia. A handbook, entitled '' State Training of Teachers," was comjjiled by a committee of normal school principals and distributed during tlie fair. The exhibit of the elementary schools, which occupied alcoves " S,"' " K " and one-half of " Q," would have been extremely meagre had it not been for the energetic action of New York city, which prepared a fine exliibit on veiy short notice. They were able to do this througli the broad policy of Donald McXaughton, at that time chief executive officer of the State Board of Managers, who granted the necessary funds for its preparation. Two of the alcoves were taken by K"ew York, one for the work of the regular course primary and grammar schools, and the other for the manual training primary and grammar schools. In number the latter comj^rise about one-third of the New York public schools. Their exhibit was under the supervision of the late Dr. Paul Hoffman, assistant superintendent of New York schools. The manual training course has only been in use among New York schools foi- four years, and was rapidly growing in popularity and usefulness under the talented and enthusiastic direction of Dr. Hoffman, who has had charge of the movement since its inception. By his course of study and admirably arranged specimens of work illustrating it, lie proved to the satisfaction of most critics tliat he had not only found the proper adjustment and relationship of manual training to other studies, but had also bridged the chasm which has engulfed so many widely-heralded plans between primary and secondary manual training. Progressive school work and New York city in particular, has lost a valuable servant by his u-ntiinely death. Dr. Hoffman had full charge of the arrange- ment of the New York city work, and was in attendance during May, July and August. Otlier cities which contributed an amount of work sufficient to give a thorough understanding of their elementary systems were Albany, Buffalo, Plattslnirgh, Pouglikeepsie, Pochester and Syracuse. Tlie kindergarten exhibit was prepared under the special supervision of the l)ureau. The most interesting feature was a series of tliirty bromide enlargements of instantaneous photographs of a typical kinder- 462 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. garten. The views were carefully arranged to show the life of the children in their " morning talks," gifts, occupations and games through all tlie grades. A more gi-aphic representation of kindergarten life has never been made, and it Avas a revelation to many parents of the true spirit which actuates the kindergarten. The school which was taken as a type was Wasliingtori Grammar School, ISTo. 26, of Roches- ter, Col. S. P. Moulthrop, princijDal. A series of gift work jji-epared by the Albany puljlic kindergartens and tlie Teachers College Kinder- garten, and a sei'ies of twenty cards, illustrating color and science teach- ing, from the American Kindergarten of Mrs. E. M. Coe, 70 Fifth avenue, New York, were also features of the alcove. The chief con- tributors to the kindergarten display were the public schools of Albany, Port Chester, Rochester and Lansingburgli, the State Normal College of Albany, Teachers College of New York and the Elmwood School of Buffalo. Along both sides of the south gallery aisle additional space was granted for many attractive wall exhibits. Chief among these was a set of librai'y photographs, a large collection of graphic and printed charts prepared by the bureau, showing the status of public school education in the State, the educational map, and the line exhibit of the Rochester Athengeum and Mechanics' Institute in drawing, painting, modeling, etc. The exhibit of the New York Trade School was situated on this aisle, 163 feet east of the main exhibit, among other trade and mechanical schools. It occupied an alcove of about 700 square feet and was filled with specimen work of its students in plumbing, blacksmithing, paint- ing, carpentry, stonecutting, bricklaying, printing and other trades. The work was of the highest character and reflected tlie greatest credit on the founders and officers of that institution. On the same aisle, seventy-five feet west of the main exhibit, space was assigned the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, of Troy, and Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. It is greatly to be regretted that their space was not contiguous to the main exhibit, but some of the regula- tions of the liberal arts department in reference to collective exhibits rendered it imjjossible. The displays of both institutions were in the highest degree artistic and creditable, the former for the evident thoroughness and solidity of the work which has made its name famous, the latter for the development of modern and progressive ideas in youth training in all the many dejjartments of the institution. Special Featuees. As before remarked. New York had all the usual exhibits of an educational nature, but was also particularly rich in its special features and new ideas. Chief among these were the following : Exhibit of Apparatus : Comprised under three heads : First, minimum set of scientific app'aratus which the University of the State of New York requires every school of academic grade to possess before it can be admitted to the University ; second, standard set of academic apparatus, which tlie University recommends to its schools and requires them to approximate as fast as practicable. Both of these sets were Repoet ox the Educatioxal Exhibit. 463 carefully selected bv the inspectors of the University and formed an admiraljle basis for comparison with other States and countries. The apparatus was given to the exhibit bv Eimer & Amend of Xew York, vrith the condition that it was to be placed in the State Museum at the close of the exposition ; third, home-made aj)paratus, illustrating 100 graded experiments in physics, chemistry and hygiene. The series iniglit have been extended indetiuitely, but enough was shown to accomplish the purpose of the bureau in planning it, viz., to prove wliat scliools of limited means can do to illustrate seientitic experi- ments. Prof. John F. TToodhull, of the Teachers College, su2)er\-ised its prejjaration. The practicality of the exhibit was widely recognized, and it had no rival in the exposition, either for intrinsic merit or interest attracted. Administrative Hanks and forms : These were collected from the schools, colleges, villages and cities of the State and formed a compara- tive exldbit of t!ie printed forms used in educational administration. The collection was of special value for information obtainable on reporting attendance and pupil's rank. It was the only complete exhibit of its kind at the fair. Charts : Of course the chart idea was extensively used in all exhibits, but no State or country even approached Xew York in the vast amount of information tabulated on these charts or in tlie artistic work- manship and variety of pictorial representation found in tlie graphic charts. Al)0ut twenty-five of the latter were made liy the best skilled draughtsmen and were models of beauty and compact information. Printed charts were in abundance and gave concise information on all topics. The total number of charts was 150. Uandhooks : A series of handbooks were prepared for free distribu- tion, giving the history, ecpiipment, courses of study and other infrjrmation concerning prominent institutions and educational systems of the State. The series numbered tifty-tliree. To secure uniformity the Ijiireau bore the expense of composition and press work. They were seven and .one-half by twelve and one-half centimeters iu size, printed on the best coated paper, illustrated by photo-engravings of high artistic merit and were beautiful and compact souvenir volumes of the fair. They were an absolutely unique feature and must in no way be associated with the usual publications and catalogues f urni.shed for free distribution. Educational map : A marvel of artistic work with pen and brush. It was fourteen feet square, and as a geographical map contained county and township outlines and cliief river and mountain systems. Tlie harmony of colors marking the counties and towns was highly artistic and attracted much favorable comment. On the ma]3 were indicated the location, grade and support of every educational institu- tion in the State under tlie University of the State of Xew York or Department of Public Instruction. The grade of an institution was indicated by the form of the .symbol, viz., a cross for a public elemen- tary school, a triangle for scliools of academic grade, a square for colleges, and a cii-cle for universities. Method of support, whetlier by public funds, tuition, endowment, or tuition and endowment both, wag 464 New York at the "World's Colitmbian Exposition. shown by the color of the symbol. Many minor details were also brought out. The map was handsomely framed and attracted wide attention by its beauty, scientific key and graphic clearness with which it presented ISTew York's educational resources. The technical work was done by tlie scholars of the Albany High School, under the direc- tion of Di-awing Master T. C. ITailes. Phonograph : The result of the experiment of presenting an actual representation of the musical work of schools by means of the phono- graph was even more successful than its promoters hoped, and the value of that instrument for educational purposes received added proof. The methods of conducting class instruction and exercises were fully recorded, grade by grade, and the system illustrated b}' scores of songs and choruses. Albany, New York, Rochester and Syracuse were the representative cities selected to furnish tests. Wisconsin and Nebraska also used the phonograph for musical work, but New York's cylinders in number were double the others combined, and, in the opinion of the expert furnished by the North American Phonograph Company to inspect the machines, superior in quality. Historical exhibit : Tins exhibit while not perhaps strictly educa- tional was closely allied and formed an interesting and ■widely admired portion of the display. The principal part of it was contributed by the State Library and Columbia College. Prominent were fifteen oil paintings of the early champions of ]iopular education whose influence and fame were by no means confined to State boundaries. Among them were George Clinton, DeWitt Clinton, Samuel Johnson, Gideon Hawley, T. Pomeyn Beck, William Marcy and F. A. P. Barnard. Busts of Alexander Hamilton, William H. Seward, George Perkins and John T. Hoffman, done by Powers, Ives and other eminent sculp- tors were much admired. The links of the great chain stretched across the Hudson river at West Point during the Revolution to keep the British warships from ascending the river was easily the most popular exhibit in New York's territory. Charter to the Duke of York by Charles II, Major Andre's letters, emancipation proclamation, collec- tion of t«'enty-tive different photographs and engravings of Columbus, autograph letter of Washington and other relics and curios completed the disjjlay. Written worh : The written work which must necessarily form so large a part of the prav^ticaf exhibit of a school was of special value in New York's case for two reasons : First, the portion prej)ared by the schools was certified regular work of the classes and was not " improved " for the exposition. In many cases the class exercises were collected at the close of the day, the teacher's statement of the nature of the work prefixed and the matter then sent to the binders. The question of showing a few selected best papers, as the ideal towards which the school was aiming, did not commend itself to the advisory committee. Such an exhibit may make a, " good show," but it is not scientific. Neither is it valuable, for a person who does not know the character of the work receives a wrong impression of the standard of the school, and a person who does, examines it as a mere show piece and attaches no value to it. It was determined by the advisory conmiittee to -J > Kepoet on the Educational Exhibit. 4G5 show the work of a wliole class in a subject as the rale and in no case to show the work of less than lialf the class. In every case the number of pupils in the class, and the number whose papers were exhibited were required to be stated ; second, the remaining portion of the written work consisted of answer papers to the Regents' examinations, held tliroughout the State three times a year. These papers after being sent to the Eegents' office, examined and recorded, were bound and placed in the exliibit. They served to show the Regents' system of examinations, as well as the standard maintained by the schools, were of undoubted genuineness, and consequently of more scientific value than any other collection of students' work. About 1,000 volumes of written work were shown. Photographs : The photographic exhibit of the nature previously outlined, was the largest in the department, conij^rising no less than 3,500 photographs, the smallest, with few excejations, being eight by ten inches and the majority eleven by fourteen inches. Jfothing gives a better idea of an institution than good photographs, and the series of splendid buildings here portrayed caused great admiration, sj^ecially from foreigners, for New York's schools. The complete system of signs, labels, numbers, indexes and cross- references to allied exhibits was a feature that caused New York to stand forth in striking contrast to other exhibits. The one general criticism on the fair was the lack of intelligible signs and explanations attache-d to exhibits. New York not only remedied this, but furnished a large staff of attendants who were alwaj's on hand to exj^lain the work to visitors. Nine persons were on duty during the whole of the fair, and in July and August, the educational months, a larger force was employed. The Universitj- of the City of New York, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Pratt Institute, Chautauqua and Oswego Normal School kept attendants with their exhibits at their own expense. Among the general staff were attendants speaking the principal foreign languages, a provision much appreciated by trans-Atlantic visitors. The exhibit was also made the headquarters for New York people in the south end of the grounds. Reading tables, writing desks and postal and telegraph facilities were among the means employed for this purpose. Under the head of special features mention should be made of the naval expedition of St. John's Military School, Manlius, to the exposi- tion. A large lake steamer was chartered and fitted for the trijj ; about 100 cadets and oflicers sailed in her. The ship left Buffalo the latter part of June and lay off the shore of Jackson Park during the first lialf of July. Naval regulations and discipline prevailed throughout the entire voyage and it will readily be appreciated that it was the only kind of expedition that could succeed where careful supervision of a large school of boys was undertaken. Another noteworthy enterpi'ise was the presentation of the Latin play, " The Two Captives," by Plautus, by the students of the College of St. Francis Xavier, New York, an institution under the University of the State of New York. It was given before a critical audience at Music Hall, October nineteenth and twentieth, with decided success. 59 466 J^EW YoKK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. Yaltte of an Educational Exhibit. "What can you exhibit in school work and of what use is such an exhibit ? These are not unnatural questions from any one who has given the subject little thought, and were asked many times during the last two years. It is certain that those who visited the liberal arts department at the Chicago Exposition bore away a satisfactory auswer to the first question, and it is almost as certain that any one who exam- ines the foregoing papers or the catalogue appended will receive an equal enlightenment. The latter question, however, is not so capable of ocular demonstration and will bear discussion. The chief value of an educational exhibit is the opj^ortunity of com- parison. Courses of study, teaching methods and administrative methods from different parts of the State, the country and the world are arranged side b}' side ; whatever is excellent secures a world-'wide currency, whatever is bad is buried ; rival systems are subjected to the closest scrutiny and many an "ism," fad or crotchet secures the stamp of legitimacy or the rejection of dross. There is the closest analog)' to a commercial fair, the value of which is universally recognized. There is the same interchange of ideas, and of ideas illustrated by commodi- ties, even if not the actual barter and sale of such commodities. It is not the commodity which produces the lasting benefit, but the idea which it represents. The opportunity of studying the effect of innovations and experi- ments tried in other places is of great value. A school cannot evolve from its own life all the methods necessary for its best development, noi' can it afford time to try all new features, however j)romising. One or two it may develop and contribute to the common good, but the rest it must take ready made from its compeers. The great number of minor ideas in teaching methods, school machinery, school furniture, school books, etc., that are caught up and spread broadcast throughout the land are a positive benefit. One little change may be all that is effected in the individual school, but the sum total is enormous. ISTot a thing on exhibition, however small, but caused an expression of surprise from some visitor and a copying into a note book for future use. From an historical point of view such an exhibit is invaluable : First, as showing the methods now in vogue compared with those of former years; and, second, as a base of comparison in future years. Wliat would we not give for such a collection made twenty-five and fifty years ago ? What a graphic history of education a series of such collections would present 1 Incidental advantages of an exhibit are many. Prominent is the value to the institution itself of jjreparing such an exliibit. The interest aroused, the healthy rivalry excited and the deep concern in success or failure are high incentives to school loyalty and industry. When a pupil's interest is gained the battle is won, and a public exhibi- tion is a device often used to stimulate flaggiug enei-gy. National, State and local pride are strong factors in the jDreparation of an exhibit, and though indirectly valuable to education itself, must Kepoet ox the EDrcATioxAL Exhibit. 467 not be ignored in the argument. There is no reason why an esjr/'it de corps should not exist in schools and render them invincible, as in a battalion. The opportunity of winning the widest jjossible recognition of special and noteworthy features is of direct adTantage to any school. It is a proper and commendable motive, notwithstanding an inclination in certaiu quarters to repress it. One of the most amusing features in the preparation of the exhibit was the anxiety of certain schools to be well advertised without appearing to advertise. There is no reason why a good school should hide its light under a bushel. Such are some of the most apparent reasons why an educational exhibit is of value and why a permanent one should be maintained at every State's educational center. Those teachers who did not visit Chicago, or who, being there, failed to study the educational depart- ments, missed an opportunity for improvement greater than they would care to acknowledge. The transfer of Xew York's exhibit to the State Museum cannot fail to be of great benefit to the school interests of the State. The science of pedagogy is advancing I'apidly. !N^o man is now regarded as a com- petent teacher unless he possesses the ability to correctly gauge and analyze the pupil's mind and prescribe a proper course, just as a physician would diagnose the child's physical condition. To do this successfully the teachers of the State must have a museum where tbey can keep in touch with the latest methods and discoveries tabulated and collected from all parts of the world. With the splendid facilities at the disposal of the State Museum for collection and investigation, there is no reason why, with proper support from the Legislature and Board of Eegents, a pedagogic department should not be built up sec- ond to none in the world. AWAEDS. The New York educational exhibit received careful attention fi-om the judges and won seventy awards, a number far exceeding that of any other State. The awards were divided as follows : One to the exhibit as a whole, seven to the University of the State of Xew York, sixteen to colleges and universities, thirteen to academies and high schools, six to normal schools, nine to elementary schools of city sys- tems, four to collective city systems, including both elementary and high schools, eight to private schools and six to miscellaneous features. Xew York schools were also foremost in the collective Catholic exhibit, winning no less than ninety-six awards. There is, unfortunately, no b.i.-is of comparison between the number of awards granted the purochial schools and those granted the public schools, inasmuch as each parochial or private school miglit receive an award, since it is under a separate government, while in a city like Rochester, for example, whose exhibit was made up by 100 elementary schools and one high "school, only two awards could be granted under a department rulinii:, which held that city systems must be treated as a unit. Xew York also received one award for institutions for blind, one for feeble-minded, one for deaf mutes, two for business schools and three 468 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. for art schools. This makes a grand total of ITi awards for New York's educational institutions. The following awards were granted by the World's Columbian Exposition to schools and colleges exhibiting under the auspices of the educational bureau : Albany Academy, Albany. Albany Public Schools (Higb School). Albany Public Schools (Elementary schools). Albion Public Schools (Collective exhibit). American Museum Natural History, New Yorlv city. Berkcle}' School, New Yorli city. Binghaniton Public Schools (High School). Buffalo Normal School. Buffalo Public Schools (Elementary schools). Buffalo Public Schools (High School). Buffalo Seminary, Buffalo. Children's Aid Society, New York city. Christian Brothers Academj', Albany. Christiansen Institute. Brooklyn. Coe, Miss E. M. (American Kinder- garten), New York city, Cohoes Public Schools (Collective exhibit). College of the City of New York, New York city. Colgate Universit}', Hamilton. Columbia College, New York city. Cornell University, Ithaca. Cortland Normal School. Fredonia Normal School. Harrison, William B. (chairs and desks). New York city. Industrial School, Church Holy Com- munion, New York city. Lausingburgh Public Schools (Collec- tive exhibit). La Salle Institute, Troy, McClelland, Miss Mary, inventor, Al- banj' Normal, New York City Public Schools (Gram- mar schools). New York City Public School (Manual training). New" York City Public Schools (Pri- mary schools). New York City Public Schools (Relief maps). New York Military Academy, Corn- wall-on-Hudsou. New York State (Collective exhibit), . Albau}-. New Y'"ork State Library, Albany. New York State Library School, Alban}'. New York State Musetim, Albany. New Y^ork State Normal Schools, Albany. New York Trade School, New York city. Niagara University, Buffalo, Normal College, New York citj'. Oswego Normal School, (Collective ex- hibit). Oswego Normal School (works of fac- ulty and alumni). Port Chester Public Schools (Collective exhibit). Poughkeepsie Public Schools (Elemen- tary schools). Poughkeepsie Pubhc Scliools (High School). Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (gen- eral), Troy. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (bridge designs), Troy. ^ Rochester Athenoeum and Mechanics' Institute (Collective exhibit), Rochester. Rochester Athenwum and Mechanics' lustitute (drawings), Rochester. Rochester Public Schools (Elementary schools). Rochester Piiblic Schools (High School). Rochester Universit}', Rochester. Sach's, Dr., School, New York city. St. Agues School. Albany. St. Catherine's Hall, Brooklyn. St. Joseph's Academy, Flushing. St. Miry's Academy. Ogdensburg. St. Patrick's Academy, C'atskill. Syracuse Public Schools (Elementary schools). S3'racuse Public Schools (High School). Teachers College, New York city. University of the City of New York, New York city. University of the State of New York (General, Administrative department, Ex- aminations department, Universit}' exten- sion). Albany. Vassar College, Poughkeepsie. Workingman's School, New York city. Weil's, Mrs. Leopold, School, New York city. Diplomas. Tlie wording of the diploma granted the New York educational exhibit as a \\'hole, and of the seven granted the University of the > z 3 Report on the Educational Exhibit. 469 State of 'New York, as stated by the findings of the judges and juries of awards, are as follows : To the educational exliiljit of the State of New York an award is granted for the following speciiie points of excellence : 1. Comprehensiveness : In jjresenting a systematic exhiliit of educa- tional methods and results in all dejjartments from kindergarten to uni- versity, including all institutions of secondary, superior and profes- sional instruction under the Regents of the University, and all schools, primary, grammar or normal, under the direction of the Superintend- ent of Public lustruction. 2. Installation : In point of tine ecjuipment for display and artistic arrangement of exhibits, covering 12,000 square feet of iioor space, with handsome oak furniture and partitioning, the body of the walls being upholstered with purpJe, the State color. 3. Arrangement : A graded classification, thus presenting year by year a collective and comparative exhibit of school work from all parts of the Sta_te ; its arrangement also typifies the organization, peculiar to New York, of departments and institutions. 4. Complete system of signs, labels, numbers, indexes and cross-ref- erences to allied exhibits. 5. Efficient management in providing a large corps of expert attend- ants and interpreters, speaking the principal foreign languages, and in the many provisions for making the exhibit the headquarters for jN'e\y York educators. 6. Kindergarten and elementary schools : A complete exposition of the organization, government and work of the kindergarten, ]3rimary and grammar grades from the scliools of Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo, Cohoes, New York, Plattsburgh, Poughkeepsie, Rochester, Syracuse, and many other places. 7. Schools of academic grade : Photographs, specimen work and courses of study from over 300 academies, high schools and union schools under tlie Universit}- of the State of New York ; also, a similar display from many of the best private schools of the State. 8. Normal schools : Photographs, illustrative work, courses of study, methods and teaching devices from eleven normal schools. 9. Colleges and universities : Photographic, historical, statistical and literary displays from the following institutions : Columbia College, University City of New York. Cornell University, Hamilton College, Yassar College, Colgate University, Uni^-ersity of Rochester, Teachers College, College City of Xew York, and Normal College. 10. Technical schools : Photographic, historical and statistical dis- plays, together with specimen work of all depai-tments from Rens- selaer Polytechnic Institute, Pratt Institute, New York Trade School and Rochester Athenieum and Mechanics' Institute. 11. University of the State of Now York: An extensive and syste- matic exhiliit of the organization, government and methods of each of the six departments, viz.. executive, examinations, extension. State Library, State Museum and ]>ublic libraries. 12. University extension : A valuable collective exhibit of forms, methods and examinations from the University of the State of New 470 IfEW YoEK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. York, Chaiitanqna, Catholic Summer School of America, University of Chicago, University of Edinburgh, People's Palace, London, and many other foreign and domestic societies and departments. 13. Photographic exhibit: Three thousand fi ve hundred photographs of school grounds, exteriors, interiors, groups, classes at work, etc. 14. Written work : Nine hundred volumes of specimen work of stu- dents in all grades, specially valuable because certiiied as regular work of the classes and not " improved " for exhibition. 15. Phonograph : Giving reproductions of the methods of teaching music, with illustrative songs, choruses, etc., from the schools of Albany, New York, Rochester and Syracuse. 16. Manual training exhibit : A. graded display of models and methods from Albany High School, Newbnrgh Free Academy^ New York city public schools and Teachers College. 17. Apparatus : (a) Minimum and standard sets of approved scien- tific apparatus required by the University of the State of New York for schools of academic grade. (I/) Graded display of models of " home-made '' apparatus for illustrating scientific experiments. IS. Administrative blanks and forms : A comparative exhibit col- lected from the cities, towns, schools and colleges of the State. 19. Charts : One hundred and fifty handsomely executed graphic and printed wall charts, showing the history and present organization of education in New York. 20. Handbooks: A series of fifty-three handbooks, artistically printed and illustrated, giving the history, equipment, courses of study and other information concerning prominent institutions of the State. 21. Educational map : Showing the location, grade and support of every educational institution under the University of the State of New York and Department of Public Instruction. 22. Large collection of historical relics, curios, paintings and busts connected with education in New York. To the University of the State of New York an award is granted for its collective exhibit : 1. For excellence and comprehensiveness in the exhibit of the five great departments — executive, examinations, extension, lilirary and museum. 2. For an exhibit of the workings of a system by which the University of the State may incorporate and supervise universities, colleges, pro- fessional and technical schools, academies, high schools, libraries, museums, nniversity extension centers and similar agencies, and by which it aims to maintain and protect the standard of academic honors and degrees and to prevent the use of the name "nniversity" or " college " b}' schools without suitable facilities or powers, and to com- bine the advantages of central organization and supervision with entire freedom for individual and local initiative. 3. For a series of busts and portraits of the Regents of the LTniversity and for printed documents furnishing a roll of citizens of New York, distinguished in State and National affairs, who have served witliout salary as Regents of the LTniversity from its organization in 1781. Report on the Educational Exhibit. 471 4. For the University Convocation of the State of ISTew York for its organization, methods and tlie educational valne of its annual con- ferences as recorded in t'le thirtv-one volnmes from 1S03 to lS9o. 5. For model desks, tables and office equipment, designed to afford a inaximum of working convenience at small cost and in limited space. To tlie administrative department of the University of the State of New York : 1. For a collective pliotographic exhibit of 2,000 pictures illustrative of the -iSJr teaching institutions in the University, and for sixty plioto- graplis illustrative of the live departments of the University. 2. For the exhibit of impirovements in office labor-saving methods and appliances, and for adnunistrative forms skillfully adapted to the peculiar work of the University and serving as efficient safeguards against accidental or intentional irregularities. 3. For valuable historical records and a series of printed and graphic charts, giving a survej^ of the entire educational work of the Univei'sitv. 4. For a series of annual reports since 1TS4, based on sworn returns from the institutions of the University, and specially for recent vol- umes, including a valualile exhibit of blanks, forms and methods for collecting full and accurate information, and for digesting and tabulat- ing the same. 5. For a series of twenty-nine volumes on the zoology, botany, paleontology and natural resources of New York, as illustrating the progressive development of a survey of the resources of the State. 6. For a system of frequent printed bulletins issued in advance of the annual reports, thus giving early information of the proceedhigs of educational meetings and of legislation enacted or considered by any Legislature affecting educational institutions directly or indirectly. 7. For a series of pocket handbooks, giving compact, official informa- tion, with photographic illustrations of prominent educational institu- tions of the State. To the examinations department of the University of the State of New York : •1. For excellence in the system of Regents' examinations to deter- mine the standard of graduation froni elementary to academic grade, and to test tlie instruction given by teachei's in a way to stimulate the best work and the use of improved methods without impairing indi- viduality in teaching. 2. For a carefully elaborated system of higher examinations offering official tests in over 400 localities, in all college and university studies, by examiners appointed from unix'ersity and college faculties, success- ful candidates receiving credentials under seal from the University of the State. 3. For excellence of administrative methods by which examinations are prepared, conducted, recorded and recognized by graded creden- tials in a way designed to secure a maximum of valuable results with a minimum of the evils attending examinations. 4. For excellence of the system of credentials comprising a series of 4Y2 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. fifty-one pass cards, certificates and diplomas, and for the artistic engraving and lettering of the same. 5. For methods of examinations for law and medical students, whereby tlie standard of admission to law and medical schools and graduation from the same lias been raised, and for the registration and licensing system intended to protect the public against incompetency and fraud. 6. For over 20,000 answer papers in 200 bound volumes showing excellence of the work in over 100 subjects in academies, professional schools and extension centers. To the extension department of the University of the State of New York: 1. For the educational system of the State which recognizes exten- sion teaching, summer, vacation and correspondence schools, libraries, museums and other agencies for giving to adults at home and through' life educational advantages which have usually been limited to the. young and to those with time and means to attend to the ordinary teaching institutions. 2. For the exhibit of syllabuses, extension libraries, examinations, bound answer pajiers from extension students (including point print papers from the State Institution for the Blind), bulletins, circulars, charts and administrative forms illustrating the thorough oi'ganizatiou of the various extension interests into a single department of the University. 3. For tlie comj^arative exhibit, illustrating by photographs, forms and various publications, the methods used by the leading extension organizations at home and abroad, especially by the two National sum- mer schools, Chautauqua and the Catholic Summer School of America. To the New York State Library for its extensive and valuable publications : 1. For the systems of bulletins making the resources of the library known, and serving as a guide to smaller libraries in selecting, cata- loguing and classifying. 2. For its annual volumes of summaries of comparative legislation, giving clear, compact statements of eveiy law on every subject, enacted in any State of the Union during the last session of its Legislature. 3. For the extensive exhibit of blanks and forms illustrating most efllcieiit and economical metiiods of library administration. ■i. For charts, tables, summaries and indexes of the decimal classifi- cation used in the State Library, illustrating the efiiciency and economy of the system, and the co-operation in cataloguing and bibliographic . work, made possible by the wide adoption of the system in this country and abroad. ^- 5. For a prompt and inexpensive method of distribution of National, . State and other desirable publications to the libraries of New York through the duijlicate department, and for its general use as a clearing house for the libraries of the State. Eepoet on the Educational Exhibit. 473 6. For the system of traveling libraries, by which any community maj' borrow from the State for six months a carefully selected library, either general or on subjects of special interest to that locality, with annotated, prhited catalogues and suitable cases and charging systems, thus increasing the efhciency of State aid by the itinerant princijile which gives each community, at a minimum cost, a fresh hbrary twice each year. To the New York State Library School : 1. As the first school in the world established for the professional training of cataloguers, librarians and assistants in the most approved methods of liljrary work, and for the comparative study of hbrary economy and bibliography. 2. For the system of giving instruction and advice from the State Library School, jjersonally and by correspondence, to those interested in the establishment or improvement of any free library of the State. 3. For a series of fifty-nine printed and bound volumes, illustrating the quantity and superior quality of work by the alumni and non- graduates of the school since its opening in 18S7. i. For extensive and valuable manuscript work by its students, including bibliographies, theses, annotated and illustrated reading lists, note books, charts, tables, forms, summaries and indexes. 5. For the excellence of plan and beauty of execution in the exhibit of comparative cataloguing rules, showing the treatment of each point by each of the leading authorities. To the New York State Museum : 1. For its extensive and valuable scientific publications, includ- ing memoirs, bulletins, annual reports since 1847, and specially for recent bulletins on building stones, mineral resources, salt industries, insects injurious to vegetation, and similar scientific treatises of practi- cal economic value. 2. As an integral part of the educational system of the University, whereby specimens are given or loaned to schools, and opportunity for special study is offered at tlie museum, with limited instruction durmg vacations to teachers of science. 60 CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- MENT L, LIBERAL ARTS. COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT. GEOUP 14-9. EDUCATION. Arademy of the Sacred Heart, Syra- cuse. — Photographs, 9; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Addisou Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol,; photographs, 2. Adelphi Academy, Brooklyn. — Photo- graphs, 3, Adams Collegiate Institute. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Afton Union School. — Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 1. Akron Union School. — Regents' papers, 3 vols. Albany Academy. — Ajiparatus used by Prof. Henry in develo]iing the telegraph, 5 pieces; Beck Literary Society, 3 frames; course of study, 7 charts; photographs, 3 larse; photoiiraphs, 10; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Albany Female Academy. — One his- torical chart; one frame photographs; handbooks; photographs, 1; prize book awarded in 1819. Albany High School. — Drawings, de- signs, etc., 347; photographs, 0; manual training, boys' dejiart men t; manual train- ing, girls' department; papers in Latin, algebra, geometry, trigonometry and Eng- lish literature, "> vols.; Regents' papers, 5 vols.; architect's plans and elevations. AUiany Law School. — Photographs, 1. Albany Medical Department. — Photo- graphs. L Albany Normal College. — Photographs, 8. Kindergarten — clay modeling, 13 pieces; photographs, 1; pupils' work, 187 pieces. Albany Public Schools, — Kindergarten — clay modeling, 63 pieces; photographs, 3; photographs of gift Avorlc, 3; pupils' work, 69 pieces. Elementary schools — photograplis, 39; written work, arithtuc- tic, 3vols. ; drawing, 13 vols. ; geography, 3 vols.; history and physiology. 1 vol.; language, 3 vols, ; designs, 30; forms and blanks, 31; statistics, 1 frame; bust of Columbus made by Edwin JlcCartan, aged 13 years, with photograiih of artist. Albany. — (See. also, Cathedral Acadeifiy, Christian Brothers' Academy, Cotrell & Leonard. St. Agnes' School, St. Joseph's Academy. 1 Albion High School, — Photographs, 3; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Albion L^nion School, — Catalogue (1893); drawing, 16 pieces; forms and Ijlanks, 19 pieces; written work in mathe- matics, language and science, 1 vol.; written work in arithmetic, language, geography and IT. S. history, 1 vol. Alexander Union School. — Regents' papers. 3 vols.; photographs. 1. Alfred LTniversity. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 14; photographs, 3 albums. Allegany LTnion School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Allegany.— (See St. Bonaventure's Col- lege.) Alien School, New York. — DraAvings, 6. A. M. Chesbrough Seminary, North Chili. — Regents' papers, 3 vols.; photo- gi-aphs, 4. American IMuseum Natural History, New York. — Photographs, 10 large. American Society for the Extension of LTniversit_y Teaching. — Circulars; forms and blanks, 30; periodicals, 3 vols,; hand- book, 1 vol.; proceedings of national con- ference, 1 vol.; syllabuses, 3 vols. Amsterdam Academy. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Amsterdam LTnion School, No. 8. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. Amsterdam L'^nion School. No. 11. — Re- gents' papers. 1 vol. Amsterdam Public Schools. — Forms and blanks, 11; Regents' papers, 1 vol, Amsterdam Union Free School, No, 8. — Course of stud.y, pam. Amsterdam. — (See, also, St. Marj-'s Catholic Institute.) Andes Collegiate Institute. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Andover Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Angola Union School. — Regents' papers, 3 vols. Angola Academy. — Photographs, 3; prospectus, Annandale. — (See St. Stephen's Col- lege.) "\.rgvlc LTnion School. — Regents' papers, Ivoh" Arcade Union School. — Regents' pajiers, t vol. Atlanta and North Cohoctou L'niou School, — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Kepoet on the Educatioxal Exhibit. 475 Attica Union School. — Photographs, 1; Regents' work. 1 vol. Auburn Public Schools. — Forms and blanks, 14 pieces. Auburn Theological Seminary. — Pho- tographs, 2; handbooks. Ausable Forks Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Aurora. — (See Wells College.) Avon Union School. — Written work, 1 vol. Babylon Union School. — Photographs, 1 : Regents' papers. 1 vol. Bainbridge Union School. — Photo- graphs., 1; Kcgenis' papers, 1 vol. Baldwiusville Academy. — Circular. 1 pamphlet; written work, graded, 2 vols.; Regents' papers, 3 vols.; photographs, 1. Bardeen, C. W., Syracuse. — Handbook, "Educational Journals of Kew York;" para., " Historj' of Educational Journal- ism in !Xew York;" "School Bulletin," copies for distribution. Barnard School, New York. — Forms and blanks. 9 pieces; maps, 2; written work in language, mathematics and pen- manship, 1 vol.; photogiaphs. 7. Pub- lications — Catalogues, 1S87-1893, 6pams. ; circular, 1891 ; commencement program, 1891; " dramaticale" program, 1891. Publications of students — Baruardaion, 1892-1893, 1 vol.; Barnard "Brie," 1888- 1892, 1 vol. Batavia Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; catalogue, 1891-1892, 1 p-im. Batavia Public Schools. — Forms and blanks, 4. Bath. — (See Haverling Union School.) Bath-on-the-IIudson Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; maps, 3; photo- graphs, 3. Bay Shore Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Bedford Academy, Brooklyn. — Photo- graphs, 1; photographs athletic exer- cises. 9. Belmont Union School. — Regents' papers. 1 vol. IJelleville. — -(See Union Academy of Belleville.) Berkeley School, New York. — Draw- ings, 21; penmanship, 9 pages; mineral specimens, 1 showcase: photographs, 37; prize drawings, 26; administrative forms, blanks and programs, 3 frames (large). Berkshire, District No. 4. — Photo- graphs, 1. Binghamton High School. — Construc- tions in geometry. 1 showcase; architects' plans. 3; written work in English history and composition, 2 vols.; Regents' paper.s, 2 vols. ; rock specimens and wood speci- mens from Broome county, 1 sliowcase. Binghamton Public Schools. — Claj' modeling, 121 pieces; course of study, 1 pam. ; forms and blanks, 21 ; maps, 4; written work in language and science, 1 vol.; paper cutting and stick laying, 44 pieces; photographs, 12; report of board of education, 1891, 1 pam. Binghamton, — (See, also, St. Joseph's Academy.) Brasher and Stockholm Union School. — Photographs. 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Brasher Falls. — (See St. Joseph's Academy.) Brcarley School, New York. — Year book, 1892-1893, 1 pam. Brewerston School, Cicero. — Photo- graphs, 1. Brewster Union School. — Written work, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1. Bridge Hampton Institute. — Regents' papers, 2 vols. Briggs Place School, Rochester. — Photographs, 1. Brookfield Union School. — Regents' papers. 1 vol. Brooklyn Board of Education. — An- nual reports, 1887-1893, 6 vols.; statistical charts, 3; photographs, 83. Bolivar Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Boonville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences. — Architects' plans, 6; year books, 1888-1892, 4 vols. Brooklj-n Pol}'technic Institute. — Photographs. 16. Brooklyn. — (See, also, Adelphi Acad- eni}-, Bedford Academy, Christiansen Institute, Convent of the Visitation, St. Catharine's Flail.) Brocton Union School. — Regent's pa- pers, 1 vol. Buffalo High School. — Botanical draw- ings and herbariums, 3 vols.; drawings, maps, designs, 50 frames; Humane So- ciety, 1 vol.; maps, 20; note books on physiology, 2 vols.; written work in Eng- lish, 1 vol,; written work in mathematics, geography, languages, history and draw- ing, 4 vols.; Regents' papers, 15 vols.; societies, 1 vol. Buffalo Kindergarten. — Clay modeling, 79 pieces; photographs, gift work, 6; pupils' work. 256 pieces. Buffalo Normal School, — Chemistry, liiboratory notes, 2 vols.; syllabus of work, 1 vol.; written work", 13 vols.; photographs, 14. Buffalo Public Schools. — Drawings, 1 vol.; geometry work, 21 pieces; map drawing, 1 vol.; music, 1 vol.; written work, grades 1-9, 9 vols.; German, 2 vols.; written work, language, map drawing, physiology, 1 vol.; photo- graphs, 2 albums; drawing, designing, etc., 100 frames; water colors, 3; manual training woodwork, 2 showcases. 476 New York at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. Buffalo Seminary. — Note books, 3 vols.; written work in English, drawing and geometr}', 6 portfolios; photographs, 4. Buffalo Universit}', Medical Depart- ment. — Photographs, 3. Buffalo. — (See, also, Canisius College, Elmwood School, Le Couteaulx St. Marj^'s Institution, Niagara University, Elmwood School, Franklin and Buffalo Kindergarten.) Caldwell, District No. 6.— Photo- graphs, i. C'ambridge Union School. — Written work, 1 vol.; sand relief maps, 6. Camden Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Camden Public School. — Photo- graphs, 1. Canajoharie Union School. — Drawing, 1 vol. ; Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; written work, 1 vol. Canandaigua Academy. — Photographs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Canandaigua Union School. — Form.s and blanks, 36 pieces; photographs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Canastota Union School. — Drawings, 6; Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; wild tlowers of Canastota, 1 vol. Canaseraga Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Candor Free Academy.— Regents' pa- per.?, 3 vols. ; photographs, 3. Canisius College, Buffalo. — Photo- graphs, 1. Canisteo Academy. — Regents' papers; photographs, 1. Canton Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Canton. — (See St. Lawrence Uni- versity.) Carmel. — (See Drew Seminary.) Carthage Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Cary Collegiate Seminary, Oakfield. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; written work, 1 vol.; photographs, 3. Castile Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Castleton, District No. 6. — Photo- graphs, 1. Cathedral Academy, Albany. — Written work, 2 vols.; Regents' papers, 3 vols.; photographs, 2. Cathedral School of St. Paul, Garden City. — Photographs, 8. Catholic Summer School of America, Plattsburgh. — Forms and blanks, 18; plan of grounds; prospectus, 1893; publica- tions, 7 pams. Cato, District No. 5. — Photographs, 1. Catskill Free Academy.— Regents' work, 1 vol. Catskill.— (See St. Patrick's Academy.) Cattaraugus Union School. — Regents' work, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Cattaraugus Reservation, Indian Schools. — Photographs, 4; written work, I vol. Cazenovia Seminary. — Oldest magneto- electric machine used for school instruc- tion; Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photo- graphs, 4. " Central Chautauqua Assembly Grounds, Fremont, Neb. — Photographs, 1 album. Central Square Union School. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. Chamberlain Institute. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. ; drawings, 6 frames; photo- graphs, 5. Publications — Alumni Asso- ciation Record of the Fortieth Commence- ment, 1890. Chandler Adjustable Desk and Seat. Charlotte Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. Charts. — Statistical and descj'iptive of New York's educational history; graphic, 25; printed, 13.5. Chatham Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol.; history of New York by E. G. Brown, with illustrations. Chautauqua University. — Model of hall of philosophy, descriptive charts, 4; cal- endar; circulars; circulars and blanks, 8 vols.; curriculums, books, seals and badges; text books, courses of advanced reading; handbooks; map of Chautau- qua; map of United States showing loca- tion of reading circles; map of the world showing Chautauqua circles.; memorial to Chancellor Vincent ; photographs, 38 ; photographs of circles and assemblies, II albums; scrap book, 1 vol. Chateaugay Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Cherry Valley Academy. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Chester Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Chicago University — in University Ex- tension division. — Specimen publications, forms and blanks, 108 pieces. Christian Biblical Institute, Stanford- ville. — Photographs, 3. Chi'istian Brothers' Academy, AlbanJ^ — Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 8. Christiansen Institute, Brooklyn. — Drawing and penmanship books, forms and blanks, 14; handbooks; kindergarten Avork, 13 fi'ames; sewing, 1 showcase; animal map of zones; produce map of Europe; written work, 1 vol. Cincinnatus Academy. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Claverack Academy. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; catalogues, 9 pams ; drawings, 3; forms and blanks. 3; handbooks; paint ings, 4; photographs, 18. Student pub- lications, " The Vidette," vols. 1 and 2. Clay ville Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 3. > 5 ;3 jr' Report ox tiik EnrcATiONAi- Exhibit. 477 Clayton Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Cliutou Liberal Institute. Fort Plain. — Photographs, 47; Re.irents' [lapers. 1 vol. Clinton Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Clinton. — (See Ilamiltou College, Houghton Seminary.) Clyde High School.— Regents' papei-s, 1 voh Coe, Jlrs. E. il.. New York. — Ameriam Kindergarten ^Magazine, 4 vols.: charts for science and color teaching, ;{2; kinder- garten material. \'2 boxes. Cohoes High School (Kgbert's). — AVrit- tcn Avork in astronomy: chemistry and literature, 1 vol. Cohoes Kindcrg.irten. — Clay modeling, 10 pieces; photographs, 6; pupils' work, 17 pieces. Cohoes Public Schools. — Clay model- ing, WS pieces; primary written work, 1 vol.: grammar written work, 1 vol ; draw- ing. 1 vol. Cohoes. — (See St. Bernard's Acad- emy.) Cobleskill Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Colgate Academy, Hamiltcni. — Photo- graphs, 3. Colgate University, Hamilton. — Charts; courses of study. 13; handbooks; photo- .graphs, 20; portraits, 2. Collegia Fraternity. — Magazine, 1 vol. College of the City of Xcw York. — Ijirgc curriculum chart; photographs, 23; annual registers, ') vols.; commencement address, 1S88. Columbia College, New York. — Statis- tical charts, 14; copper crown given to King's College by George HI; handbooks; photographs, bromide enlargenients, 26; photographs, (is (buildings and interiors); photographs, 37 (miscellaneous); plan of new site (15 feet by 18 feet); plan of present site (4 feet by 3 feet ), same scale; architect's plans of buildings. 4 |)orlfolii)s: ])aint- ings of Samuel .Johnson, William John- son, Miles Cooper, F. A. P. Harnard, Henry Drisler; printed information from each faculty. Publictitions — handbooks, catalogues, reports, 2(i vols.; School of Mines, Quarterlv, vol. 12, 1891-1892; Columbia Law Times, vol. 6,1892-1893; Columbia Spectator, 1 vol.; Faculty Physicians and Surgeons, 12 vols., 2 paiiis. : Faculty School of Arts, ."lO vols., 8 pams.; Faculty School of Mines, 26 vols., 49 pams.; Faculty School of Politi- cal Science. 19 vols., 12 pams. Comstock School. New York. — Ama- teur photographs. 20; astronomical draw- ings. 7; phvsiological drawings. 4; literarv charts, 3; "circular, 1892-1893, 1 pam!; forms and blanks, 0; photographs, 5; written work, 3 vols. Convent of the Visitation, Brooklyn. — Photographs, 5. Cook Academy. Havana.— Regents' pa- pers, 2 vols. ; photographs. 1; handbook. Cooper Union, New York. — Photo- graphs, 1. CoopcrstDwn Union School.^ Regents' papers, 1 vol.; phntimraphs, 1. Copenhagen Union School.— Regents' papers, 2 vols. Corinth Union School. — Regents' pa- jiers, 1 vol. Cornell University, Ithaca. — Statistical charts, 3."); handbooks; handbooks of ■• School Review ;" pliotogr.-iphs. 1 III; jilan of campus. Publications — Cornell Kra, vol. 2.'); Seluiol Review, vols. 1-6. Corning Free Academy. — Regents' pa- pers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. Cornwall-on-Ihidson. — (See N. Y. Mili- tary Academy.) Cornwall Union Sclinol. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Cortland Normal School. — Ilonicniade scienlitic apparatus; astronomical charts and problems, 10; planispheres. 6; draw ings, designs, etc., 32; hcrbariiun; map drawings, 24; class note books; geometry, 14; science, 6; written work, 2 vols. ; pho- tographs, 33. Cotrell & Leonard. .Vlbany. — Photo- graphs of college caps and gowns, 13. Coxsacki(! Union School. — Photo- graphs. 1; Regents' papers. 1 vol. Crown Point Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs. 1. Cuba Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Cumberland Valley S. S. Assembly. — Photograph. 1 album. Dansville Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Dansville, District No. 1.— Photo- graph, 1. Deerpark I nion .Vcadeniy. Port .lervis. — Certilicate. De Funiak Springs. — (See Florida C'hau- taufiua.) De Lancey School, Geneva. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Delaware Academy, Delhi. — Regents' papers, 3 vols; |)hotograi)lis, 4. Delaware Literary Institute. Franklin. — Regents' i)apers. 1 vol. Delhi. — (See Delaware zVcadeiuy:) Department of Public Instruction.— Annual Reports. 3 vols., 18K.-)-1887; 1 vol., 1893; "Schools of New York." Deposit Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Dc Ituyter Union School. — Regents' papers. 1 vol. De Veaux School. Suspension Briilge. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; [jhotographs, 1. D'Youville Academy, Plattsburgh. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 478 I^EW YoEK AT THE "WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. Dolgeville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Drew Semiuiuy. — Photographs, 1. Drum Hill Union School, Peekskill. — Regents' papers, 2 vols. Dryden Union School. — Regents' papers, 3 vols. Dundee Preparatory School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Dunkirk Public Schools. — 'Written work, 6 vols. Dunkirk Union School. — Library cata- logue; forms and blanks, 6; Regents' papers, 2 vols. Eagle Mills, District No. 2.— Photo- graphs, 1. East Aurora Union School. — Regents' papers, 2 vols.; written work, 1 vol.; pho- tographs, 3. East ISloomfield Union School. — Re- gents' papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1. East Bay Shore Union School. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. East Syracuse Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 5. Earlville Union School. — Photographs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. East Irviugton School. — Photographs, 3. East Springfield Academj-. — Photo- graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Eastern New England Chautauqua, Old Orchard, Me. — Photographs and his- tor3', 1 vol. Eaton's, Mss, Select School, Bath-on- Hudson. — Written work, 1 vol.; photo- graphs, 1; forms, 1. Eddytown. — (See Starkey Seminary.) Edinburgh University Summer School. — Lectures, 2 vols.; photographs, 8; pro- grams, 2; pubUcations, 2 vols., 6 pams. ; sj'Uabuses, 39 frames. Educational Gazette. — Parts of vols. 7- 9, 1891-1893. Educational map. — Fourteen feet square; showing the location, grade and support of every educational institution under the University of the State of New York or Department of Public Instruc- tion; prepared by the scholars of the Albany High School, under direction of T. C. Hailes, drawing master. Egbert.s' High School. — (See Cohoes.) Elizabethtown Union School. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. Ellen ville Union School. — Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. Ellicottville Union School. — Photo- graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Ellington Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. ^' Elmira Academy. — Photographs, 5. Elmira Free Academy. — Architect's plans; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Elmira College. — Photographs, 5. Elmira Public Schools. — Board reports. 3 pams.; forms and blanks, 32; photo graphs, 8; written work, 8 portfolios, 2 vols., 3 essays. Elmwood Union School. — Photographs, 1. Elmwood School, Buffalo. — Architects' plans, 8; kindergarten photographs, 12. Erasmus Hall Academy, Flatbush. — Photographs, 3. Evans Academy, Peterboro. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Fairfield Seminary and Military Acad- emy. — Catalogue and regulations, 2 pams.; Regents' papers, 3 vols.; photo- graphs, 16. Fair Haven Union School. — "Written work, 1 vol.; Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 5. Fairport Classical School. — Photo- graphs, 2; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Fayetteville Union School. — Photo- graphs, 5; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Fishkill Union School. — Photographs, 1. Flatbtish. — (See Erasmus Hall Acad- emy.) Florida Chautauqua, De Funiak Spa, Florida. — Photographs, 1 album. Flushing High School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 7. Flushing Institute. — Photographs, 1. Flushing Public Schools. — Photo- graphs, 2. Flushing. — (See St. Joseph's Academy.) Fonda tjnion School. — Circular, 1892, 1893; library catalogue. 1888, 3 pams.; forms and blanks, 7; written work, 1 vol.; Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Fordham. — (SeeSt. John's College.) Forestville Free Academy. — Regents' papers, 3 vols. Fort Covington Free Academy. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Fort Edward Collegiate Institute. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. ; specimens china painting, 7; drawings, 4; paintings, 3; photographs. 2. Fort Hamilton School. — Photographs, 1. Fort Hunter Pubhc School. — Circular, 1 pam. Fort Plain. — (See Clinton Liberal In- stitute.) Frankfort Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Franklin, District No. 1. — Photographs, 1. Franklin Academy, Malone. — Photo- graphs, 1. Franklin Academy, Prattsburg. — Pho- tographs, 1. Franklin Kindergarten, Buffalo. — Pho- tographs, 3. Frankhn Academy. — Regents' papers, 2 vols. Frankhnville. — (See Ten Broeck Free Academy.) Kepoet o^" THE Edccatioxal Exhibit. 479 Fredonia Xonnal Scbool. — Paintings I Groton Union School. — Regents' pa- and sketches. 14; specimens china paint- pers. 1 vol. ing, 3; drawings, 12; drawings and de signs, 1 vol.; kindergarten work. 1 vol.: written work 1 vol.;"circular, 1 pam. French and English School, Xew York. — Drawings. 22; written work, 1 vol. Friendship Academy. — Regents' pa- pers. 1 vol.; written work. 1 vol. Fulton L'nion School. — Regents' papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 5. Fultonville Union School. — 'tt'ritten work, 1 vol.; Regents' papers, 2 vols.: photographs, 1. Gainesville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Garden Citv. — (See Cathedral School of St. Paul.) Genesee Talley Seminary. — Re.geuts' papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1 -Regents' Guildcrland, District Xo. 13.— Photo- graphs, 1. Hadley, District No. 5. — Photographs, 1. Haldane Union School. Cold Spring. — Photographs. 1; Regents' papers. 1 vol. Hamburg Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Hamilton College. Clinton. — Photo- graphs, 14; Hamilton "Review," 1 vol.; Hamilton " Literary Monthl)-." 1 vol. Hamilton Theological Seminary. — Charts on organization, courses of stud}', •5. Hamilton. — (See Colgate University and Colgate Academy.) Hammondsport Union School. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 3. Hancock Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 2 vols. Hannibal Union School. — Regents' pa- pers. 1 vol. Harrison, Wm. Beverly, .59 Fifth ave., New York. — Whiton & Bangs patent chair back with Chandler adjustable desk and seat; handbooks of school fur- niture. Hartwick Seminary. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs. 1. Harpersville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Havana. — (See Cook Academy.) I Havcrling Union School, Bath. — Union School. — Regents' Photographs, 1; Regents" papers. 1 vol. photographs. 1. i Heathcote Kindergarten, Buffalo. — High School. — Regents' i Photographs, 4. Hedding Chautauqua, East Epping, N. H. — Photographs, 1 album. Herkimer Union School. — Regents' pa- pers. 1 vol.; photographs, 2. Hinsdale Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Hobart College, Greneva. — Photo- graphs, 1.5. Hobart Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Hogansburg Academy. — Regents' p;i- pers, 2 vols.: photographs, 1. Hogarth's (Miss) School, Goshen. — Pho- tographs. 1: maps, 5. HoUv Union School. — Resents' papers, 1 vol. " Holland Patent Union School. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. Holy Angels' Academy, Buffalo. — Photographs, 1. Home-made Apparatus. — One hundred models, illustrating a carefully graded set of experiments in physics, chemistry and hygiene: prepared for the exhibit by Prof. .John F. Woodhull, Teachers College. Home In.stitiite, Tarrytown. — Draw- ings, 8; photographs, 1. Genesee Wesleyan Seminarj-. papers, 1 vol. Geneseo Xoimal School. — Photosraphs, 1 albufn. Geneva Classical and Union School. — Regents' papers, 3 vols. : photographs, 7. Geneva Pubhc Schools. — Circular, 1892-1893; forms and blanks, 19, Geneva. — (See, also, Hobart College.) Gilbertsville Academy. — Regents' pa- pers. 2 vols. Glens Falls Academy. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Glens Falls Public Schools. — Forms and blanks, 8. Glens FaUs papers, 1 vol.; Glovers viUe papers, 1 vol. Gloversville Public Schools. — Forms and blanks, 5; report board of education. Goodrich, District Xo, 1. — Photo- graphs, 1. Goshen Union Schools. — Photographs. 2; Regents' paper;. 1 vol. Gouverneur Se.Tiiuary. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. Gowanda Academy. — Catalogue. 1892- 1893; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Grand Conservatory of Music, New York. — Course of instruction. 24 pam. Granville Union School — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 3. Greene Union School. — Regents' pa- pers. 2 vols.: photographs, 4. Greenport Union School. — Photo- graphs, 2: Regents' papers, 1 vol. Greenville Academy. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Greenwich Union School. — Course of study, 1 pam.; Regents" papers: 2 vols. ; map of Washington county; photo- graphs. 1. Griffith Institute and Springfield Union School. — Regents' papers, 8 vols.; pho- tographs, 3. 480 JSTeav Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Homer Academy and Union Scliool. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. ; catalogue, 1891- 1893 ; photographs, 1. Honeoye Falls Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.: photographs, 1. Hoosick Falls Union School. — Regents' papers, 2 vols. Hornellsville Free Academy. — Photo- graphs, 4; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Horseheads Union School. — Regents' papers. 1 vol. Houghton Seminary, Clinton. — Auto- graph letter from George Washington; catalogue, 1893; photographs, 11; hand- books; anuvial catalogues, 1863-1893, 3 vols.; twenty-lifth anniversary, 1886, alumnie society: Houghton " Seminary Record," 1 vol.; Regents' papers, 1vol. Hudson High School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Hudson Public Schools. — Course of study. 1 pam. ; forms and blanks, 7. Hudson River Institute. — (See Claver- ack Academy.) Hunter Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol, Huntington Union School. — Photo- graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Ilion High School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Ilion Union School. — Drawings; ])utty relief maps, 17; written work, 3 vols.; Regents' papers, 1 vol, ; photographs, 1. Industrial School of the Church of the Holy Communion, Nevf York. — Graded course in sewing. Intercollegiate Law Journal. — One vol. Irving School, Irvington. — Photo- graphs, 1 vol. Irvington Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 3 vols.; photographs. 3. Island Park Assembly, Rome City, Ind. — PliotograpLs, 1 album. Islip Public Schools. — Photographs, 4; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Ithaca High School. — Regents' papers. 1vol.; photographs, 1; report of board of education. Jamestown High School. — Regents' papers, 5 vols.; photographs, 10; forms and blanks, 15; report of board of education. Jamaica Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Johnstown High School. — Photo- graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol.; forms and blanks, 5; I'eportof superintendent of schools. 1893. Johnstown Public Schools. — Manual and cour.se of study, 3 pams. *"' Jordan Free Academy. — Regents' pa- pers. 1vol.; photographs. 1. Katonah Public Schools. — Written work. 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Keeseville Union" School. — Regents' papers, 1vol.; photographs, 1. Kenwood Convent, Albany. — Photo- graphs, 1. Keuka Institute. — Regents' papers, 1 vol,; photographs,!. Kindergarten handbook. Kingston Free Academy. — Photo- graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Kingston Public Schools. — Photo- graphs, 3. Knowlesville Union Schools. — Photo- graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. " Lake Placid, District No. 3.— Photo- graphs, 1. " Lakevillc. District No. 8.— Photo- graphs, 1. Lansiugburgh Academy. — Regents' papers, 3 vols. Lansingburgh, Market Street Kinder- garten. — Parquetry work, 3 vols. Lansingburgh Kindergartens. — Pupils' work, 333 pieces. Lansingburgh Public Schools. — Draw- ings, 51; forms and blanks, 4; manual of board of education, 1 pam. La Salle Institute, Troy. — Drawings, lU; drawings, 3 portfolios; mechanical drawings, 3 portfolios; written work, 8 vols.; Regents' papers, 3 vols,; photo- graphs, 13 vols. Leavenworth Institute, Walcott. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. Le Couteaul.'v St. Marj^'s Institute for Deaf Jlutcs, Buffalo. — Written work and drawing, 3 vols.; photographs, 13; " Le Couteaulx Leader," 7 vols.; boys' suit of clothes made by pupils. Leonardsville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Le Roy Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Liberty Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Limestone Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Lisle Union School. — -Regents' papers, 1 vol. Little Falls Academy. — Photographs, 1. Little Falls ITnion School. — Forms and blanks, 3; Regents' jjapers, 3 vols. ; photo- graphs, 1, Little Vallej' Union School, — Photo- graphs, 1. Liverpool Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 1. Livonia Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Lookport Public Schools. — Forms and blanks, 39; rules of board of education, 1 pam. Lockport I'nion School. — Catalogue, 1891-1893, 1 pam.; Regents' papers, 4 vols.; photographs, 13 Lockport. — (See, also, St. Joseph's Academy.) Long Island City High Sc'nool. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. ai O O X 1- >- UJ > Z Report ox the Edttcational Exhibit. 481 Long Island City Public Schools. — Forms and blanks, 5; monthlj- record book, 2 vols. Lowville Academy. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Lowville, State Street School.— Photo- graphs, 1. Lowville Union SchooL — Written work, 1 vol.; photographs. 1. Lyndon ville Union School. — Photo- graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Lyons L'uiou School. — Catalogue, 1S91- 1893, 1 pam.: clay mideling. 59 pieces: forms and blanks,16; written work, 4 vols. ; Rageut.s' papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1. Lysander, District IS"o. 16. — Photo- graphs, 1. licGrawville Union School. — Regents' papers. 1 vol. JlcAuley Academy — Photographs, 3; Resents' papers, 1 vol. ilcClelland, Mary A., Albany. — Educa- tional pantopticon for illustrating methods in number and language. Madisou Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1 Macedon Academv. — Regents' paper.s, 1 vol. Maine Public Schools. — Maps, 2. Malone Public Schools. — Maps, 2; writ- ten work, 1 vol.; photographs, 8. Maraaroneck Public School. — Photo- graphs, 1. Mmlius Union School. — Photographs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Manlius. — (See St. John's School.) Marathon Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Marcellus Union School. — Regents' pa- d^'rs, 1 vol. Margaret ville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Marion Collegiate Institute. — Regents' papers. 1 vol.; photographs, 1. ilarlborough Public School. — Photo- graphs, ?. JIartinsburg, District No. 8. — Photo- graphs, 1. Mason ville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Massena Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 2 vols. May ville Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol; photographs, 1. Mechiinicville Union School. — Photo- graphs, 1. Medina Free Academy. — Regents' pa- pers, 4 vols.; photographs, 1. Mexico Academy. — Photographs, 1; Regents' papers. 1 vol. Middlebury Academy. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Middletown Public Schools. — Class books and registers; forms and blanks, 12; minuil and course of study, 1892, 1 pam. ; written work, 3 vols. 61 jSIinetto Public Schools. — Photoaraphs, 3. Middleport Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Jlohawk Union School. — "Written work, IvoL; Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photo- graphs, 1; architects' plans of building. Montgomery County. Commissioner's District. —Forms and" blanks, 6; report 1892, 1 pam. ; written work from Fonda, Canaioharie, Rockton, Palatine Bridge, 1 vol. Jlontgomery Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 2. Moravia Union School. — Regents' pa- pers. 3 vols. ; photographs, 1. ilorris Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1 . Morrisville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Mt. St. Joseph's Academy, — Photo- graphs, 1. Mt. St. JIary's Academy, Newburgh. — Written work, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. 3Iount Jlorris Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Mount Vernon Union School. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. Mountain Chautauqua, Mountain Lake Park, Md. — Photographs, 1 album. Munroe Collegiate Institute, Elbridge. — Regents' papers, 1vol.; photographs, 1. Mynderse Academ_y, Seneca Falls.^ Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. Kance, Lee. — Pen picture of the Co- lumbian Exposition. Naples Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Nazareth Academy, Rochester. — Re- gents' papers. 3 vols.; photographs, 8. New Hartford, District No. 1. — Photo- graphs, 1. New Paltz Normal School. — Blanks and forms; class papers; manuscripts; map drawings, 18; class note books, 11; photographs, 20. Student publication — " Auld Lang Syne." New Rochelle Public Schools. — Draw- ings and designs, 43; kindergarten work, 52 pieces; written work, 2 vols.; photo- graphs, 2. New Rochelle Union School. — Regents' work, 2 vols. New York City Normal College. — Botanical specimens, 1 portfolio; draw- ings, 10; kindergarten work, 60 pieces; written work, 4 vols.; photographs, 22. Students' publication — "Normal College Echo," 2 vols.; graded sewing, 1 vol.; Slo}'d models, 15, with 16 drawings. New York City Public Schools. — Charts: Course of study, 28; course of study. 2 pams. ; forms and blanks, 39. Handbooks — "Free Lectures to People." I Publications of Board of Education — I Director}-, 7 vols. ; jManual, 9 vols. ; Jour- 482 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. nal, 12 vols, ; Reports, 10 vols. Publica- tions of Students — "Our Own," 1 vol. Regular Course Primar_y Schools — Speci- men work by grades, 90 sheets; specimen work by grades, 4 showcases; work illus- trative oi' course of study, 382 sheets. Regular Course Grammar Schools — Spe- cimen vs'ork by grades, 141 sheets; speci- men work b}' grades, 2 showcases; work illustrative of course of study, 432 sheets; drawings, original designs, 116; drawings, 248; map drawings, 44. M;\nual Train- ing Primary Schools — Specimen work by grades, 48 sheets; work illustrative of course of study, 150 sheets; clay model- ing, 291 pieces; sewing, 2 showcases; paper folding and geometrical forms, 103 pieces; wood working, 98 pieces. Man- ual Training Grammar Schools — Speci- men work by grades. 114 pieces; work illustrative of course of studj', 228 pieces; clay modeling, 193 pieces; drawings, original designs, 91; drawings, 152; maps, 38; paper folding and cutting, 160 pieces; wood working, 233 pieces; geometrical forms, 99. Jliscellaneous — Written work bound by grades, 353 vols. ; photographs. 113; architects' plans; paintings; relief maps, 30. New York City.— (See, also, Allen School, American JIuseum of Natural Histoiy, Barnard School, Berkelej' School, College City of New York, Columbia College, Comstock School, Cooper Union, French and English School. Industrial School of the Cliurch of the Holy Com- munion. Opthalmic Hospital, Rutgers Female College, Sachs, Dr. J., School for Girls. Teachers College, University of the City of New York, Veltin's, jMlle.; School for Girls, AVeil's, Mrs. Leopold, School.) New York College of Dentistry. — Photographs, 5. New Yoi'k Institute for the Blind. — Photographs, 14. New York Institute for the Instruction of Deaf and Dumb. — Photographs and art work. New York Medical College and Hospi- tal for AVomen. — Catalogue; handbook; photographs, 5. New York Military Academy, Corn- wall-on-Hudson. — Forms and blanks. 3; handbooks; herbariuns; map of grounds; written work, 1 vol.; photographs, 36; architect's plans. Student publications — "Academy Quarterly," 1 vol.; "Songs of N. Y. Military Academy," 1 vol. New York Trade School. — Courses of instruction : blacksmithing, 3 psyiis. ; bricklaying, 5 pams. ; carpentry, 1 pam. ; painting, 4 pams. ; plastering. 1 pam. ; plumbing. 9 pams.; sign-painting, 1 pam.; stonecuttiug. 1 pam. ; specimen work from each trade ; examinations and an- swers, 27 pams. ; photographs, 8. Newark Valley Union School. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. Newark Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Newburgh Free Academy. — Photo- graphs, 20 ; manual training work, 5 frames. Newburgh Public Schools. — Forms and blanks, 14 ; drawings. New Hartford Union School. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. Niagara Falls Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Niagara University. — Old books, 8; photographs. 20 ; written work. 3 vols. ; Students' publications — Niagara Index, 2 vols. Nichols Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Normal Schools. — Photograph of State Normal School principals ; handbooks. , North Brookfield Union School. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. North Cohocton and Atlanta Union School. — Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; photo- graphs, 3. North Granville Seminary. — Regents' papei'S, 3 vols. ; photographs, 1. North Tarrytown Union Free School. — Dra\\dng, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. North Tonawanda Public Schools. — Written work, 3 vols. ; Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 4. Northern New England Chautauqua, Fryeburg, Me. — Photographs, 3 albums. Norwich Public Schools. — Catalogue, 1882-1893, 1 pam. ; forms and blanks, 4. Northville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Norwich Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Norwood Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 3 vols. Nunda Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. Nyack Union Free School, District No. 4. — Report 1890-1891, 1 pam. ; Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. Oakfield Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. ; photographs. 1. Ocean Park Chautauqua. Old Orchard. Me. — Photographs and history, 1 \'ol. Ogdensburg Free Academy, — Regents' papers, 1 vol, ; constitution of Chectham- iau Literary Society ; Ogdensburg "Academy," 3 vols, Ogdensburg Public Schools. — Course of study, 1 pam. ; forms and blanks, 11. Ogdensburg. — (See St. Mary's Acad- emy.) Olean High School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol,; photographs, 1; written work, 3 vols. Oneida Union School. — Regents' pa- pei's. 1 vol. Oneonta Normal School. — New build- ing, architect's sketch ; photographs, 40 ; Repokt on the Educational Exhibit. 483 Year Book, souvenir ed. ; " Oiieontau," 1 vol. Oneonta Uuiou School. — Course of study, 1 paiii. ; tonus ami blanks, 3; Re- gents' papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 3. Onondaga Free Academy. — Kegents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Onondaga Indian Keservaliou. — Photo- graphs, 6. Opthalmic Hospital, New York. — Photographs, 1. Orangetown, Distriet No. 2. — Photo- graphs, 1. Oregon State Chautauqua, Astoria. — Photographs, 1 album. Oswego High School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Oswego Normal School. — Historical and .statistical charts, 3; color work, 1 vol.; designs, decorative, 1 vol.; draw- ing, freehand, 1 vol.; drawing, me- chanical, 1 vol.; designing, 12 vols.; fraction charts; geological specimens, 4 cabinets; century charts, -t series; His- torj' of Oswego, prepared by pupils, 1 vol. Methods, IT vols — Animal study, geolog)', plane geometrj' (~). solid geo- metry, German, pedagogy, school econ- omy, physics, physiology, i}sycliology (5), reading, zoology. Stories for kinder- garten, 1 vol. ; nature reading lessons. 2 vols.; biograpliical reading lessons, 1 vol.; written papers, G vols.; training school work; photogra'ihs, SO; photogiaiihs from plaj'S given by liierary societies, 4; plans, architect's, 4; portraits, (i. Publication.s — " Oswego Normal School," by "\Vm. Alier; alumni jind faculty, 44 vols.. 41 jiams.; sewing, 4U pieces; literary and debating so- cieties, 1 vol.; text books, 17 vols.; zoo- logical specimens, G cabinets, 1 showcase. Ovid I'niou School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Owego Public' Schools. — Photographs, 6; forms and blanks, IIJ; report of boaril of commissioners, lS9U-18tll. Owego Free Academy. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. O.xford Academy. — Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 11; handbooks. Pacific Coast Chautauciiia, iloutercy, Cal.— Pliotographs. 1 album. Packer Collegiate Institute, Brooklyn. — Photogra)>hs, 7. Pairited Post Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Palatine Bridge Union SchiKil. — Re- gents' papers, 2 vols.; maps and draw- ings, 1 vol.; iihotograjihs, 1. Palmj-ra Classical Union School. — He- gents' |iapers, 1 vol.; written work, 1 vol. ; photographs, 3. Parish Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Parker Union School, Clarence. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Park Academy, West New Brighton. — Reo;euts' i>apers, 1 vol. Patchogue Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs. 1. Peekskill Jlilitaiy Academy. — Photo- graphs, 3. Peekskill Union School. — Photo- graphs, 1. Peekskill.— (See, also, Drum Hill Uniou School.) Penn Yan Academy. — Regents' papers, 3 vols.; photographs, G. People's Palace, London. — Forms and blanks. 19; engravings, 1; photographs, 4; publications, G pams. Perry Union School. — Regents' ijajjers, 1 vol.; photographs, 2. Phelps Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Phteni.x Union School. — Regents' papers, 2 vols. ; drawings. Phonograph. — Giving representations of the musical work of schools in Albany, Ne^^■ York, Rochester and Syracuse; instruments, 1; cylinders, 4(10. Pike Seminary. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Pine Plains. — (See Sej'mour Smith Academy.) Pittsford Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 3. Plattsburgh High" School.— Regents' pajiers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Plattsburgh Normal School. — Botanical and zoological sketches; circular, iyU2, 1 patn.; drawings, 23; written wcn-k, 1 vol. ; photographs, 13; zoological specimens, 3 cabinets. Plattsburgh Public Schools.— Forms and blanks, 12; written work, 14 port- folios; handbook. Plattsburgh. — (See, also, D'Vouville Academy.) Poiujiey Academy. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; drawings; photograiih.s, 1. Port Byron Free School and Acad- emy. — Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photo- graphs, 1. Port Chester Public Schools. — Paper forms, 7G. Port Chester Union Fi'ee School. — Civ- ics, 3 pajiers ; color work, 20 pieces; designs, 20; drawings, 51; maps, 21: writ- ten woi'k, 2 vols.; paper cutting and fold- ing; photographs, 3. Kiiiderg.-nlcii de- partment — Photogi'aphs, S; pupils' work, 1 vol. (.51 pieces) ; p\ipils' work, lOU High School.— Photo- Union School. — Regents' written work, 1 vol. Academy. — '" Academy Miscellany," 1 vol. ; forms and blanks, 3 ; Regents' jiaiiers, 2 vols. ; written work, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. IJieces. Port graphs. Port EWIMI 1. Hem-y papers. Port 2 vols.; .Jervis 4S-i New Yoek at the Wokld's Columbian iilxposiTioN. Port Leydcn Uniou School. — Regents' IJiipers, 1 vol. Portville Uniou School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Potsdam Normal School. — Herbariums, 2 portfolios; written work, 1 vol.; photo- graphs, 41. Poughkeepsie High School. — Drawings (a.strouomy), 12; drawings (botany), 2(3; drawings, 4i ; architects' plans, 4 '; draw- ings (architectural), 32; drawings, maps, 50; herbariums; written work, 5 vols. ; class note books, 4 vols. ; photographs 3 ; Rcgeuts' papers, 1 vol. Poughkeepsie Public Schools. — Statis- tical charts, 4 ; forms and blanks ; draw- ings, 94; drawings, maps, 22; relief maps, 4; written work, 16 vols ; paper cutting and folding, 46 pieces; photographs, 6. Poughkeepsie. — (See, also, Riverview Acadeni}' and Vassar College.) Pratt Institute, Brooklyn. — Occupied 2,250 square feet of space and ijresented a comprehensive exhibit in all its depart- ments. The following summary is gen- eral iu its nature ; Department of eoni- merce — Collection of short-hand books and periodicals, largest in the world, except Oxford's; courses of study and illustrative work in phonography, typewriting, book- keeping and penmanship. Department of domestic art — Courses of study and illus- trative work in plain sewing, fine sewing, millinery and dressmaking, each piece ac- companied by drawings. Department of domestic science — Courses of study in biology, chemistry, physics, household science, hygiene, laundry and cookeiy ; students' work in each subject; photo- graphs of noted scientists. Department of industrial and fine arts — Drawing, pen- cil, charcoal, ink ; modeling; designing. architectural, mechanical and ornnmeutai; art needlework; clay modeling; silks, gold and silverware, made from designs of the students; wood carving. Depart- ment of science and technology — Model house, made by evening classes in car- pentry and painting; work in fresco painting, machinery, plumbing, etc.; mathematics and science work, illustrated by courses of study, charts, apparatus, experiments, etc. High School — Courses of study; written work in all studies; manual training work. Kindergarten — Gift work, occupations, photographs and descriptions of work in drawing, science, music and physical cidture. Library — Several hundred standard works, classi- fied, indexed and accessioned by studoa'ts ; card catalogues; reading and refer'ence lists; plans and elevations of new art building; photographs of classes at work; photographs of buildings, interiors, etc. Pulaski Academy. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 3. Randolph. — (See Chamberlain Insti- tute.) Red Creek Union Seminary. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Rensselaervillo Academy. — Regents' pajjers, 1 vol. Rensselaer Counly District Schools. — Photographs, 6. Rensselaer Polvtechuic Institule (with U. S. N. y. exhibit). — Pliolographs, 23. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Troy. — Maps, topographical, 3. Photographs — Institute, classes, etc., 18; gunshot wounds, 2 albums. Works of alumni — noted bridges, buildings, canals, etc., 297; unframed, 1 poi'tfolio. Publications — Alumni, 59 vols.; students. 1 vol. Surveys, geological, 3. Students' woik — Maps, surveys, drawings, topography, etc., 40 wing frames, 25 wall frames; bridge drawings, 1 portfolio. Jliscella- neous — Historical data of graduates; maps of railroads constructed by grad- uates ; statistical charts, 2; list of jiresi- deuts, vice-presidents, superintendents and general managers of railroad, iron and steel companies graduates from Die in- stitute; diploma and grand prix, Paris, 1889; cotton centennial award, 1884-1885. Photographs of famous structures built by institute alumni — Ferris wheel, by G. W. G. Ferris, '85 ; Manufactures Building, Machinery Building, E. C. Shankland, '78, chief engineer Edgemoor Bridge Co., builders, N. G. Morse, '71, president; Thames River bridge, A. P. Eallu, '61, chief engineer ; Poughkeepsie bridge. Union Bridge Company, Chas. McDonald, '71, president, Roberto Escobar, '57, chief engineer; Nicaraugua canal (bird's eye view), A. G. Meuocal, '62, chief engi- neer; Washington bridge, Harlem river, Theo. Cooper, '58, consulting engineer ; Brooklyn bridge, W. A. Roebling, '57, chief engineer ; Suspension bridge, Nia- gara, L. L. Buck, '68; U. S. twin-screw armored steel cruiser, " Maine," Burdett C. Gowing, '61, chief engineer, U. S. N. Richfield Springs Union Free School and Academy. — Catalogues, 3 pams. ; Regents' papers, 3 vols ; drawings, forms and blanks, 23; written work, 2 vols.; photo- graphs, 1; "The Student," 1886-1893, 1 'vol. Rikeman's (Miss) School, Rye Neck. — One portfolio. Riverview AcademJ^ Poughkeepsie. — Drawings, 5; photographs, 34. Rhinebeck Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute. — Children's classes, freehand and mechanical designs, 1 wall portfolio; oiiginal designs, 1 wall portfolio; speci- men Ireehniid, mechanical and life draw- ings and designs, 55 frames; drawings. Eepoet ox the Educational Exhibit. 485 freehand, 1 wall portftiHo; drawings, life class, 1 wall portfolio; drawings, mec-liani- cal, 1 wall portfolio; drawings, architec- tural, I w.-ill portfolio; paintings in oil, 4; photographs, li; teachers' and U(n-inal class di-a wings and designs. 1 wall portfolio ; water colors, 10; Hegents' papers, 1vol.; courses of study .'lecompanying each portfolio ; India ink sketches of new building, 2. Rochester Free-Academy. — Catalogue.^, 6 pams. ; eutomological specimens, 4 cabi- nets ; etched ■window, Columbian design, by chemistry class of 1898; drawings, maps, 16; drawings, physiological, 63 ; drawings and designs; 33; mineralogical specimens, 2 showcases; Kegents' papers, 4 vols.; photographs, 5; handbook, Kochcster Kindergarten. — Photographs, 30. interiors, bromide enlargements ; pupils' work, 375 pieces. Kochestcr Public Schools. — Drawings, 234; drawings, map. 66; drawing books by classes; forms and blanks, o3; written "work, 22 vols. ; Regents' papers, 5 vols. ; paper cutting and folding, 56 pieces; pho- tographs, 38 albums; programs (daily) of school work, 1 vol.; sewing cards, 31; text books, 20 vols, and 1 pam.; wood- working, 41 pieces; writing books by classes. Rochester University. — Forms and blanks. 1 vol. ; handbooks; photographs, 26, bromide enlargements; publications of faculty and alumni, 43 vols., 59 pams. Rochester. — (See, also, Briggs Place School.) Rockton Union Free School. — Written work, 1 vol.; photographs, 5. Rome Free Academy. — Regents' papers, 4 vols.; photographs, 4; report board of education, 1 pam.; forms and blanks. 8. Rotterdam, District No. 10. — Photo- graphs. 1. Round Lake Institute. — Regents' pipers. 1 vol.; photographs, 9. Rushford Union School. — Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. Rushville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. ; photographs. 1. Rutgers Female College, New York. — Photograph Morse memorial vase. Pub lications — books, 2; pamphlets, 13. Ex- tension department — S3-llabuses, 7 pams. Rye Neck and Mamaroneck Public Schools.— Sea weed specimens mounted, 6 frames. Sach's (Dr. J.) School for Girls, New York. — Text books, 53 vols.; written work, 26 .portfolios; geography charts, 31. St. Agnes School. Albany. — Forms and blanks. 4; handbooks; written work, 1 vol.; photographs, 5; medals aiid diploma; works of alumni, 7. { St. Bernard's Academy, Cohoes. — Re- ! gents' papers. 3 vols.; photographs, 6. I St. Bonaventure's College, Alleganj'.^ ■ Photographs. 3. St. C'atharine's Hall, Brooklyn. — Hand- books; photographs, 11. St. John's al " The Castle," Tarrytown. — Photograiihs, 3; handbooks. St. John's Catholic Academv, Svracuse. — 3 vols. St. .John's College, Fordham. — Photo- graphs, 16; "Fordham Monthlv," 1 vol. St. John's Military School, Manlius. — Handbooks; ]")hoto.graphs, 30. St. Johnsville High School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; forms and blanks, 6. St. Johnsville Public Schools. — Cata- logue, 1890-189L St. Joseph's Academy, Albany. — Re- gents' ]iapers, 3 vols. ; ])hotographs, 2. St. Joseph s Academy, Binghamton. — • Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 5. St. Joseph's Academy. Brasher Falls. — Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs. 1. St. Joseph's Academy, Flushing. — Written work, 3 vols. ; photographs, 1 album: Regents' papers, 1 vol. '..t. Jo.seph, Institute of Sisters of. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. St. Joseph's Academy, Lockport. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. St. Joseph's Academy, Sj'racuse. — Pho- tographs, 1. St. Lawrence University, Canton. — Handbooks; photographs, 6. St. Margaret's School, Buffalo. — Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. St. Mary's Academy, Hoosick Palls. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. St. Mary's Academy, Ogdensburg. — Written work, 3 vols.; Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 11. St. Marj^'s Catholic Institute, Amster- dam. — Diploma; Regents' papers, 2 vols.; written work, 1 vol. ; photographs, 7. St. Mary's Catholic Institute, Amster- dam. — "Institute Journal," 3 vols. St. Patrick's Academy, Catskill. — Greek verb chart; sewn outline maps, 25; pro- duce map of United States; relief maps, 5; Regents' papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 6. St. Peter's Academy, Rome. — Photo- graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. St. Peter's Academy, Troy. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; specimen penmanship, 1 frame: photographs, 2. St. Regis Falls Union School.— Re- gents' papers. 1 vol. St. Stephen's College, Annandale. — ■ Photographs, 7. Sag Harbor Union School. — Regents' papers. 1 vol. Salamanca Union School. — Regents' jiapers. 3 vols. Sandy Creek High School. — Regents' papers, 2 vols.; photographs, 1. 486 New Yoek at the Wokld*s Columbian Exposition. Sandy Hill ITnion School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Saratoga Spring's High School. — Writ- ten work, 1 vol. ; Regents' papers, 1 vol. ; jihotographs, 8; draAvings. Saratoga Springs Public Schools. — Forms and blanks, 19 ; written work, 5 vols. ; Regents' papers, 1 vol. ; photo- graphs, 13. Savannah Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Schenectady Classical Union Institute. — Pliotograpiis, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Schenevus Union School. — Regents' papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 5. Schoharie Union School. — Regents' papers, 2 vols. School of Social Economics, New York. — Handbooks. Schuylerville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 8. Sea Cliff District School. — Photographs, 1. Seymour Smith Academy, Pine Plains. — Photographs, 1; Regents' jiapers, 1 vol. Sherburne Union School. — Photo- graphs, 1; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Sherman C'oUegiate Institute. — Regents' papers, 2 vols. ; photographs, 1. Shortsville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Sidney Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Silver Creek Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1 Sinclairville Academy. — Photographs, 1; Regents' papers, 1, Sing Sing Public Schools. — ])rawings and designs, 73; drawing and construc- tion, 40 pieces; forms and blanks. 7; Avrit- ton work, 2 vols.; photographs, 2. Sing Sing Union School. — Photographs, 2; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Skaneateles Union School. — Regents' papers. 1 vol. Smithville Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Sodvis Academy. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Solvay Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. South Side Union School, Rockville Centre. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Southampton Union Scliool. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. ; photographs, 1. Spencer Union School. — Regents' papers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. S. S. Seward Institute, Florida. — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Stamford Seminary. — Regents' pifjjers, 1 vol. Star Lake, District Ko. 9. — Plioto- graphs, 1. Starkey Seminary. Eddytown. — Re- gents' papers, 3 vols. ; photographs, 9 ; " Seminary Monthly," 1888-1892. Staten Island Academy, Stapleton— ■ Building and plans, 7 engravings; Re- gents' papers, 1 vol. Stillwater Union Free School.^ Relief maps, 6; Regents' papers, 1 vol. Suspension Bridge Union School.' — Regents' papers, 1 vol. Suspension Bridge. — (See. also, De Veaux School.) Syracuse Board of Education. — Photo- graphs of offices, 3; forms and blanks, 14. Syracuse Evening Schools. — Drawings, 7; photographs, 1. Syracuse High School. — Drawings and designs, 69; Regents' papers, 9 vols. ; pho- tographs, 3. Syracuse Public Schools. — Clay model- ing, 87 pieces ; drawings, 120; history of Syracuse schools; written work, 3 vols.; penmanship system, 14 vols.; paper cut- ting and folding, 50 pieces; photographs, 72; stick and tablet laying, 18 pieces. Syracuse Medical College. — Photo- graphs, 1. S.yracuse University. — Photographs. 7; " Syracu.san," 3 vols. Syracuse. — (See Academy of the Sacred Heart and St. Joseph's Academy. Tarrylown Union papers, 1 vol. Tarrytown. — (See, stitute.) School. — Regents' also. Home In- Teachers Collegi modeling (si.x years' New York. — Clay course), 59 pieces; h.'indbooks; manual tr.iiiiing desk cover; manual training group w 3 HePORT ox the tilBEEAL AeTS ExHIElt. m West New Brigliton, District Xo. 3.— Pliotogi'iipli;;, 1. AVest.port Union Seli<:ol. — Uegi'nls' pa- pers, 2 vols.; photog'ra|ihs, "J. West Troy Union School, — Keg'euts' papers, 2 vols. West "Winfield Union School. — Regents' pajiers, 1 vol. \Vhitehall Union School. — Regents' pa- pers; 1 vol. Whitesboro Union Scliool. — Regents' papers. 1 vol.; photographs. 1. Whiton ct BansiS. — Patent school chair l).-ick. Whitney's Point Union School. — Re- gents' ]n\pers. 1 vol. Willianisville Union School. — Regents' liapers; 1 vol.; (IraAving and ilcsigns, 24; fossils and Indian relics; herbarium,- writ- ten work, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Wilson Academy. — l{e,gents' papers, 1 vol. Wilson Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol. Windsor Union School. — Regents' pa- pers, 1 vol.; photographs, 1. Woodbridge School, ^^cw York. — Cir- culars, 2 panis.: forms and blanks. .">; essays, 1 portfolio. Woodludl Union School. — Regents' ])a- pers, 1 vol. Worcester Union School. — Regents' papers. 1 vol. Workingman's School, New York. — Blanks .and forms and ccrtiticates; charts, descriptive, 3; chronological chart of Greek history; crystals of various sub- stanf;es jirepared by pupils; dissections of rabbit and frog, 4 specimens; drawing and designing, 61 pieces; drawing, free- hand, 86 pieces; drawing, mccliauical, 63 pieces; drawing, majis, 20 pieces; geo- metrical eon.structious, cardboard, 15; handbooks; kindergarten work, ]24iiicces; kindergarten work, paper folding, 192 jiieccs; kindergnrdcn work, sewing, 64 cards. Manual training — Brass turning and leail casting (seventli grade); elemen- tary carpentry (fourth and tilth grades); clay modeling, 39 jneces; constructive work, familiar obiects (second grade), ladders, rakes, h;uumers, etc.; work in copper wire (fourth grade); lead forging (eighth grade); lead wire work (sec^ond grade); cutting and forming sheet metal (lit'th grade); metal turning, chip- ]iing and liling (eighth grade); models for constructive work (flr.st grade); models of household furnitiu'c (third grade); models of mechariic.il class, 8; pajier folding, 33 pieces; scroll saw work (third and fovu'th grades). Sewing — Figure of "Pliyllis," one-half life si/e, dressed in suit made I'ompUiely by girls of seventh and eiglith gnides. thirteen to liftecn years of age; millinery and dressmaking, W'ith 8 draw- ings; needlework, 44 pieces, including drawings; wood carving, elementary (sixth grade); wood turning (si.xtli grade); relief map (plaster), 1 ; relief maps (putty), 4; music, 8 sheets; written work, 4 vols.; patterns for physical apparatus (eighth grade); photographs, 17; water gauge. Wylie's Kindergarten, Buffalo. — Bead- work; models and w'ork, 12 frames; port- folios, 12 sheets; wirework. Yates Union School. — Regents' papers, 2 vols.; " School Palladium," 1 vol. Yonkers High School. — Regents pa- pers, 1 vol. I'N D 1 ^" I D U A L EXHIBITS. GKOur 141 ■ IIYGIEXE. The exhibits under group 147 were installed in the Anthropological Building under the sub-bureaus of Hygiene and Sanitation and Charities and Corrections. American Book Co., Kew York ; sani- tary publications. American Continental Sanitary Co., New York ; antiseptics and disinfectants. Amos, Ale.vandcr ?I.. Buffalo; steam cooker.- David, W^illiam, Xcw York ; public;i- tions on ventilation and heatini;'. Heath, D. ('.. & Co.. New York; hygienic ]Uiblicalions. Hunting. Nelson. Albany ; a\itoniatic water-purifying aii|iaral us. Hydroma/.e ^Manufacturing Co., New Y'ork ; hydroniM/.e or health guard. Improved Dwellings Co., New Y'ork ; moilcl and |ilans of improved dwelling for worktDgmen, 62 ]Macmillaa& Co., New Y'ork ; publica- tions on sanitary subjects. !McC(innell Filter Co.. Buffalo; germ- proof water tillers. New York Coliunbian Cooking School, New York; model cooking in operation. S]iccial building south of Anthropological I'.uilding. New York Ladies' Health Prolcctive .\ssoeiation. New York ; models and jihotograiihs of abattoirs and of dust c'lrt. New York Slate Board of Health, Albany; ma])S, drawings .and public.itiona relaling to ]iublic health. New York State Commission, Albany; " Workingmun's JNIoilcl Home." ■±90 jSTew Yokk at tjik AA'okld's Colitmeian ExrosiTiox. Kew York State, Commissioners of ; a. models and maps of the C'rotou water system ; /). model preiuatory for the dead, and model, photographs and ]ilans of the quarantine system of the State of New York Peerless Steam Cooker Co., Buffalo ; steam eookcr. Keminicton. Cyrus K., Buffalo; photo- graphs of the Buffalo erematory. Sh.nker Society, !lIount Lebanon; photo- graphs. Tenement House Building Co., Xew York; drawings, plans and photographs of buildings. Ward, H. A., Rochester; anatomical jireparations. Whitney Home Gymnasium Co., Kochester; home gymnasium cabinet. Wilraot, Casdeit" Co., Kochester; steril- izers, steam cookers and bacteriological apparatus. Woods, Justus O., Kew York; hygienic appliances. Worthington, H. E., New York; sewer- age pumps. CLASS 831. CAEE AND TKKATMENT OF THE POOE. Associated Charities, Newbnrgh; litera- ture. Bureau of Labor and Charities, Syra- cuse; literature. Charity Organization Society, Buffalo; litercture and record blanks. Charity Organization Society, New York city; literature, record blanks and plans of United Charities Building. Fitch Creche, Buffalo; photographs, statistics, -etc. German Evangelical Home, Brooklyn; literature, plans and statistics. Hebrew Orphan Asylum, New Yoi'k; photographs, specimens of school work, uniforms, etc. Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society of New York city; orphan asylum photo- graphs. Hebrew Technical Institute, New York; photographs and specimens of school work. Home for Aged and Infirm, Yonkers; photographs. Home for Aged and Infirm Hebrews, New York city; charts and photographs. Home for the Friendless, Buffalo: pho- tographs and statistics. Ladies' Debon^h Nursery and Child's Protectory of the City of New York; photographs. Letch worth, Wm. P. ; model of the New York State plans for poorhouses. Little :Mothers at Work and Little Mothers at Play, New York; photographs and statistics. Louis' Down Town Sabbath and Daily School, New York; photographs, statis- tics and specimens of school work. Montefiore Home for Chronic In^■alids, New York; literature, photographs and statistics. New York Herald, New York city; jihotograplis, history and statistics of the Free Ice Society. New York House of Refuge, Randall's Island; drawings, maps, photographs and specimens of school work. New York Kindergarten Society of the Hebrew Free School Association; charts and photographs. New York State Charities Aid Associa- tion; annual reports^ New York State Board of Charities; maps, statistics and reports; see pages 444- 448. New York State Industrial School, Rochester; photographs, charts and speci- mens of school work. New York State Soldiers' and Sailors' Home; topographical drawing and photo- graphs of grounds and buildings. Penny Provident Fund of the Charity Organization Society, Buffalo; statistics, appUances and record blanks. Penny Provident Fund of the Charity Organization Society, New York; framed chart. Sanitarium for Hebrew Children, City of New York; chart. St. Vincent's Asylum, Syracuse; pho- tographs and specimens of penmanship. St. John's Guild of New York City; pictures, improved beds, etc. United Hebrew Charities, New York; literature and record blanks. Yoiujg Ladies' Benevolent Association, Auburn; one volume forms. AISTD TEEATilENT York; invalid CLASS 832. CAEE Allen, ilary F.. New- chair. Blngbamton State Hospital foif the Insane, Binghamton; specimens of pa- tients' work; see page 448. Buffalo State Hospital for the In.sane. Buffalo; photographs and statistics; sec page 448. OF THE 5IENTALLY DEFECTIVE. New Cancer Hospital for Women York; photographs and literature. Fitch Accident Hospital, Buffalo; pho- tographs and statistics and emergency bag for ambulance work. NeAV York Hospital Saturdaj' and Sun- day Asssociation, New York; statistics and appliances. Eepoet on the Liberal Arts Exhibit. iOi Sargent Manufacturing Co., l^Tew York city: hospital furniture. Utica State Hospital, Utica; model of infirmary building, photographs, statis- tics, samples of patients' work; see page 448. Willard State Hospital for the Insane, Willard; large picture of building; see page 44y. GROUP lis. INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS OF MEDICINE, SURGERY AND PROSTHESIS. Albany Chemicai Co., Albany; phar- maceutical preparations. Allen, C. D.. ^'ew York; artificial teeth. Daggett Table Co., Bidlalo; posturing tables. Davis, J. T. & A. H., New York; arti- ficial eyes. Deane, Henry F., New York; artificial teeth. Drevet Manufacturing Co., New York; pharmaceutical preparations. Elkins, Fanny, New York; colored ana- tomical drawings. Evans, Geo., New York; crowns for teeth. Fairchild Bros, ct Foster, New Y'ork; digestive ferments, pejitonised foods. Frees, C. A., New York; artificial limbs. Harvey, 6. H., Co., Sar.-itoga Springs; pharmaceutical jireparatiuns. Harvey Human Hand Appliances Co., New York; trusses. Johnson & Johnson, New York; surgi- cal appliances. Marks, A. A., New York; a. surgical H., New York; arti- appliances; h. artilicinl limbs; c. invalid vehicles. Merck & Co., New York; pharmaceuti- cal preparations. Mej'er, John H., New York; artificial teeth. Modeman, Geo. ficial teeth. Mt. Sintd flospital and Training School, New York; charts and reports. Presbyterian Hospital and Training School, NeAv York; hospital appli.-nices. Reed & Carurick, New York; n. pliar- maceutical j.) reparations; b. food i)repa- rations. Ritter Dental Manufacturing Co. , Rocli- ester; dental chairs and cases. Seabury A- Johnson. New York, medi- cal, surgical and antisejitic specialties. Standard Homeopathic Globule ,M.-aiu- faetory, New York ; sloljules, discs, etc. The Tildcn Co.. New Lebanon; phar- maceutical preparations. Ward, II. A., Rochester; skeletons; ossific preparations. GROUP 1-1:9. EDUCATION. Art Students' League of New York, New York; students' work. Baron de Hirsch Fund Trade School, New York; studcaits' work. Business Culleges; active exhibit and collective exhibit of students' wcirk fmm colleges in Albany. New York and Kocli- ester and other cities. Catholic Educatioual Exhibit; students' ■work, courses of study, pliotograi)lis, etc., from colleges, acadamies, parish schools, industrial schools, asylums, etc., from the dioceses of Brooklyn, Buffalo and New York, Cooper Union. New York; students work, drawing, architectural sketches, models, etc. New York, State of; educational ex hibit of universities, colleges, profes- sional and technical schools, high schools, acailemies, elementary .schools, kinder gartens and private schools; see full cata- logue, pages 474 to 4SV). School of Industrial Art and Technical Design for AVomen, New York ; drawings and ut up, reproductions of the dwellings built by tlie Iroquois 400 years ago. Two of the dwellings were oblong, each ten feet wide and fifteen feet long. Two houses were circular, each being fourteen feet in diameter. One of these was sui-ronnded with a single, double and triple stockade such as served for defense in early days. . The Long House, or "Ho-da-no-sau-nee," was twenty feet wide and forty-five feet long. It was patterned after the earhest kno'wn council house which stood more than 200 years ago on the site of Albany. There were no complete plans of the ancient houses except as they could be gathered up in fragments here and there. In drawing plans for these houses the director-in-chief made use of such informa- tion as he has been gathering in the past sixteen years supplemented by the experience of some of the most e.xpert builders among the Iroquois. Neither nails nor pins entered into the construction of the bark houses. The rafters, poles, posts, l)ark rooting and siding were securely fastened with withes of hickory and slippery elm. On account of the difficulty of peeling bark before the first of May, the exhibit was hot projjerly installed until July. The location of the camp was selected by the cliief of the department of ethnology at Chicago, Professor F. W. Putnam, of Cambridge. The site for the camp was a grassy plat fronting on the South Pond and easily reached by the Intramural railroad. The four- canoes, made after the primitive manner by our Indians, attracted much attention, and the similarity between these and the old canoe which was among the Columbian relics in the yard of the Convent La Pabida was striking proof that the Iroquois dug-out canoes in our exhibit were true to history, for without doubt Columbus' models were patterned after those of the Indians. Fourteen Indians were engaged to form the colony from the Six Ifations of the State, but five of them were not ready when the time of departure came. Later on others joined the force, making the representation twelve in number. Among them were the following : Solomon O'Bail, a Seneca, the grandson of tJie distinguished chief " Cornplanter " who treated with General AYashington. Washington caused a medal to be struck in recognition of Cornplanter's services to 500 New York at the World's Colujibian Exposition. the Colonial government, and the Legislature of Pennfylvania made a grant of land to him in return for services rendered to that State. Chief O'Bail is seventy -eight years old and is a man of remarkable mind. Chief Lewis Bennet, known to the world as " Deerfoot," was also in our camp. He is the champion long distance runner of the world, having run eleven and a half miles and ninety -nine yards in one hour. This remarkable feat was performed about thirty years ago in the presence of the Prince of Wales and other notables. At the conclusion of the race the prince gave a dinner in honor of "Deerfoot," at which he was greatly lionized. He is from the Seneca tribe and is sixty -five years old. Chief Luther W. Jack is a Tuscarora sachem about thirty years of age and of magnificent projjortions. He has for some time been the secretary of the Six I^ations. Llis wife, Louisa Jack, also a Tuscarora, is skillful with her needle, and an adept at beadwork and other ornamentation. Chief Daniel LaFort is probabl}^ the best Indian linguist in America. He converses fluently in any one of the six languages of the Iroquois. He is the president of tire Six Nations, wields a conniianding influence, and decides who shall speak in the councils, and how long. At general councils chiefs are j)resent from six tribes, whose languages are distinct one from the other. Suj)pose a speaker to be a Mohawk, and any one of the otliers to be unacquainted with that language. Chief LaFort promptly interprets into the language of the one who does not under- stand, and in this way every representative present knows what has been said. Chief LaFort's grandfather was a famous chieftain, and his father, also distinguished, was a graduate of Hobart College, Geneva. There were also present Chief Williams, a Tuscarora, the vice- president of the Six Nations ; Emeline Garlow, a Tuscarora ; Myron Silverheels and Ananias, his son, both Allegany Senecas ; Emeline Patterson, a bright Mohawk girl, who at the close of the exposition began a course of study at the Carlisle school ; Mrs. Kittie Coates and Mrs. Emma Peeves, skillful basket makers and singers. The chiefs were constantly questioned about their customs, history and social life, and liy their intelligent answers, courteously given, did much to further the laudable purpose in view in the installation of this exhibit. They explained the peculiar uses of the articles on exhibition, and performed certain of the most interesting ceremonies j)eculiar to the Iroquois. On the 28th day of October, 1893, a council was convened at the camp at Jackson Park by President LaFort and the other chiefs. They were dressed in their buckskin costumes, bedecked with feathers, and gathered around a huge council fire which burned in the center of the council house. The coimcit was called for the jJi^i'pose of adopt- ing Mr. Will Carleton, the poet, and Mrs. Carleton, into the Six Nations. Chief Jack made a brief speech introducing the candidates to the Indians ; Chief Bennet led them back and forth, dancing the war dance and singing the war song, while the rest of the Indians kept to < o d o ^ Report ox the Indian Exhibit. 501 time to the stepping with grants of approval An elaborate ceremony was performed, after which tlieir names were aimounced, liis being Da-dyu-ywat-ha, " he writes for all the world," and hers, Yei-iua-noh, " his protector."' These ceremonies illustrated to the people, more clearly than any word description could do, the customs which have always prevailed among the Indians. To the credit of the Iroquois who represented the Six jSTations in this exhibit, it should be said that during the entire summer there was no occasion to administer discipline in a single instance for intoxication. Our people carried themselves with perfect propriety, and when the camp broke up the first of November, and the Indians started for home, Chief Solomon O'Bail exiDressed himself as follows : " Had good time all summer; no mad words ; good time." Before concluding this report, it should be stated that I have been ably and faitlifully assisted in the arduous laliors incident to the prepa- ration of the buildings, and the maintenance of the exhibit, by Mr. J. H. Masten, of Steuben count}', New York. CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- MENT M, ETHNOLOGY. IISrDIVIDUAL Egyptian De Potter, Armand, Albany antiquities, Ingraliam, D. P., Elmira; pottery mound in Yucatan. from EXHIBITS. Kinney, Mrs. Louise Catliie, New York; 28 pictures of Indian life hy George Cathie, the famous painter of American Indians fifty years ago. SECTION OF ANCIENT RELIGIOUS GAMES AND FOLK LORE. Dick & Fitzgerald, New Y'ork; books about games. Horseman, E. J., NewY'ork; exhibit of games. Kunz, George F. , New Y'ork; collection of gems and precious stones, illustrating the folk lore of the subject. Van Rensselaer, Mrs. J. K., New York; exhibit of playing cards from Leo collection. SECTION .OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co. , New York ; shutter. Columbia College, New Y'ork; photo- graphs of laboratory equipment. Cornell University, Ithaca; photographs of laboratory equipment. Giles, J. E., New York; casts. Hunter, D. W., New York; oiJtical apparatus. Jefferson, C. S., New York; optical apparatus. Meyrowitz Bros., New York; optical apparatus. Northrup, W. P., New York; children's brains. Spitzka. E. C. . New York; statistical data, brains of anthropoids. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Rochester; skeletons and models. Webb's Adder Co., New Y'ork; adding machine. Wood, Wallace, New York; composite statues. SECTION OF ETHNOGRAPHY'. New York State Exhibit; Iroqtiois village of bark houses in which are living rep- resentatives of the Six Nations; bark canoes and dugouts on South Pond. SECTION OF HISTORY'. Kimball, W. S., Rochester; collection i Scott Stamp and Coin Co., New Y^ork; of antique pepper boxes. I coins, postage stamps, etc. SECTION OF NATURAL HISTORY. Hart, W. W..&C0., New York; group of mounted otter, heads of musk ox, moose and caribou. Lattiii, F. H., Albion; typical collection of North American birds, showing man- ner of nesting, collection of birds' eggs, naturalist's supplies, etc. New York State Museum; mammals of the State, land and fresh- water shells. Ward's Nat;iral Science Establishment, Rochester; general natural historj' cabi- net, occupying the entire south gallery. EEPORT 0^ THE ZOOLOGICAL EXHIBIT. Bt WILLIAM B. MAESHALL. In the department of anthropology and ethnology at the "World's Columbian Exposition the Xew York scientitic exhibit consisted of three parts, viz. : I. The mastodon found at Cohoes, K^. Y., in 1S60, and presented to the ]^ew York State Museum by Alfred "Wild in the name of the Har- mony Mills Company of Cohoes. The twenty-first annual report of the State Cabinet contains a history of this specimen. II. A collection of stuifed animals illustrating the present and his- toric mammalian fauna of this State. Most of the specimens shown in this collection are from Xe-\r York localities, but a few, especially of those animals that are now extinct in ]S^ew York, are from localities outside of the State. III. A collection of the land and fresh-water shells of New York. The specimens shown in these exhibits were loaned under proper authority by the jSTew York State Museum. The shells were derived chietiy from the extensive collections presented to the museum in 1SS6 and 1SS7 by Dr. Charles E. Beecher, but \aliiable contributions of specimens were received from the foUowiug gentlemen : Rev. W. M. Beauchamp, Baldwinsville ; Mr. Shelley Crump, Pittsford ; Mr. T. M. Fr}-, Syracuse ; Mr. W. S. Teator, Upper Red Hook ; Mr. Albert Bailey, Chepatehet ; Dr. S. Hart "Wriglit, Penn Yan ; Mr. James Delaney, Rochester ; Prof. George H. Hudson, Plattsbnrgh ; Rev. John "Walton, Rochester. Lists of the collections of mammals and shells are appended hereto. Didelphys virginiana, Shaw, opossum; male and female. Lepus S}-lvjiticus, Bacli.. wood hare; three specimens. Lepus americanus, Ei:r., northern haro; one specimen. Erethizon dorsatus, Linn., Canada por- cupine: male and albino. Zapus hudsonius, Uoues, jerboa; one specimen. Fiber zibethicus, Linn., muslirat; male and female. Fiber zibethicus, Linn., muskrat; one specimen. Arvicola pinetorum, Le C, pine mouse; one specimen. Arvicola riparius, Ord, meadow mouse; male, male-albino and female. Evotomvs rutilus gapperi, Coves, red- backed mouse; one specimen. Hesperorays leucopus, Euf., white- footeil mouse; one specimen. ilus musculus, Linn., common mouse; male and female. Introduced frf)m Europe. Mus decumanus, Pallas, brown rat; male, male-albino, female, female-pied. Introduced from Europe. Neotoma floridana, Ord, wood rat; one specimen. Castor fiber, Linn.. Beaver; group of two males, one female, two j'o\mg. Ex- tinct in New York. (See note I.) Arctomj's monax, Linn., woodchuck one specimen. Tamias striatus, Linn., chipmunk three specimens. Sciurus hudsonius, Er.i\, red squirrel male, female and albino. Sciurus carolinensis, Gmel., grey squir- rel ; five specimens. Sciurus niger, Linn., fox squirrel; five specimens. Sciuropterus volucella, 01., flying squir- rel; male and female. Sorex platyrhinus, De Kay, broad-nosed shrew; one specimen. Scalops aquaticus, Linn., shrew mole ; two specimens. 504 New Youk at the World's Columbian Exposition. Scapanus americanus, Bartnim, hairy- tailed mole, three specimens. Sorex caroliucnsis, Bach., Carolina shrew ; male. Condyhira oristata, IHigcr, .staruose mole ; three speeimens. Vespertilio snbulatus, Say, little brown hat ; male and female. Vespenig'o noctivagans, Le C, silver- haired bat : male and female. Atalapha uoveboraceusis, Er.r., New York bat ; male and female. Atalapha cinerea, Bean, hoar_v bat ; male. Oariacns virginianns, Bodd.. Virginia deer; male. Extinct in New York. Cervu.s canadensis, Er.r., wapiti or elk ; male and female. Extinct in New York. (See note 11.) Alee alees, Linn., var. americanus, Jtirdinn, moose ; male and female. (See note III.) Bison americanus. h'nui., American bison, or buft'alo; male and female. Formerly abundant in most parts of the United States; now e.xtinct, except a few- in the Yellowstone region. Phoca vitulina, Linn., harbor seal or common seal; male. Formerly abundant in the Hudson river and Long Island sound, but rarely seen at present. (See note IV.) Cysto]ihoracristnta, Gnieh, hooded seal; male and female. An accidental visitor to Long Island sound. (See note V.) Proc3'on lot or, Linn., raccoon ; male and femak'. Ursus americ'inus, Pn/lds. black bear; male Lutra canadensis, TnHon. American otter ; female. jMephitis mephitica, Skaw, skunk ; male and female. Gulo luscus, Brisson, wolverine or glut- ton ; male. Extinct in New York. (See note VI.) Mustela americana, Tnrtvn, sable or pine martin ; male. Mustela pennanti. Kiw., fisher or black cat ; male and female. Putorius vison, Sehrdn-r. mink ; three specimens. Putorius ermiuea, Linn., ermine, w'casel or stoat ; live specimens. Putorius nivalis, Linn., least weasel; one specimen. Vulpes fulvus, D(S., red fox; male and female. Urocyou ciuereo-argcntatiis, Schrelifi; gray fox ; male. Canis lujius. Linn , wolf; two males. Nearly extinct in New York. (See note VII.)" Lynx canadensis, Bts., Canada lynx ; male. Lynx rufus. Giild., wild cut, or bay lynx ; male and female. Felis coneolor, Linn, panther, cougar or ]iuma; male, female and kittens. Nearly extinct in New York, (See note VIII.) NOTE I. The Beaver. "According to a letter from the Dutch West India Company, preserved in the Albany Uecords, we learn that in WiA, -tOO beavers and 7(10 otter skins were exported; the number increased in Ui85 to 14,891 beaver and 1,413 otter skins; and the whole number in the ten ^ears was 80,183 beavers and r,347 otters, amounting in value to 725,117 guililers." — l)c Kay, Zoology of New York, 1842. The beaver, once abundant and of great commercial importance, is still, perhaps, entitled to be considered an inhabitant of New York "At present there is a small colony of beavers on a stream that empties into the west branch of the St. Regis river. It is probably the colony referred to by Dc Kay in 1843, as ' yet existing in the southern ]iart of Franklin county.' It is to be earnestly hoped that the hunters who frequent that part of the wilderness will spare no pains to protect these animals from molestation." — ilerriani, Mammals of the Adirondacks, 1884. NOTE IL The Wapiti, or American Elk. ' ' The stag is still found in the State of New York, but very sparingly, and will doubt- less be extirpated before many yejj'S. ]\Ir. Beach, an intelligent hunter (Mi the Racquet, assured me that in 1836 "he shot at a stag (or, as he called it, an elk) on the north branch of the Sar.anac. He had seen many of the horns, and describt'd this one as much larger than the biggest buck ({'. virginiantis), with iinniense long and rounded horns, with many short antlers. His account was confirmed by another hunter, Vaughan, who killed a stag at nearly the same place. They arc found in the uorthwestera counties of Pennsylvania, and the adjoining counties of New York. Repoet on the Zoological Exhibit. 505 In 1834, I am informed by Mr. Philip Cliurcli, a stag was killed at Bolivar, Allegany county. My informant saw the animal, and his description corresponds exactly with this species." — De Kay, Zoology of New York, 1842. "That the American Elk, or Wapiti (Cervus canadensis), was at one time common in the Adirondacks, there is no question. * * * When the species was extermi- nated here is not known. * * * I do not regard the account of Messrs. Beach and Vaughan as trustworthy, for the reason that I have never been able to find a hunter in this wilderness, however aged, who had ever heard of a living elk in the Adiron- dacks." — Merriam, Mammals of the Adirondacks, 1884. NOTE III. The Moose. The male moose exhibited was killed in the town of Ohio, Herkimer county. New Tork, in Januar}', ISol. Ten years later the moose was exterminated in New York. NOTE rv. The Hakbor Seai,, Common Seal. Harbor seals " are now comparativelj- rare in our waters, but were formerly very abundant. A certain reef of rocks in the harbor of New York is called Bobbins reef, from the numerous seals which were accustomed to resort there, robin or robynheing the name in Dutch for seal. At some seasons, even at the present day, thej' are very numerous, particularly about the Execution Rocks in the Sound, but their visits appear to be very capricious. * * * In the Kingston (U. C.) GJironide of Feb- ruary, 1823 or 1824, there is a notice of a seal having been taken on the ice on Lake Ontario, near Cape Vincent (Jefferson county), this State. The paper gives no descrip- tion, but asserts, on the authority of Indian traders, that seals ha'>'e heretofore been seen on the borders of the lake, though the circumstance is one of rare occurrence." — De Kay, Zoology of New York, 1842. According to the Natural and Civil History of Vermont, a seal was captured on the ice on Lake Champlain, a little south of Burlington, in February, 1810, and one was killed upon the ice between Burlington and Port Kent, in February, 1846. " During the past winter one was killed on Onondaga lake that must have reached this remote inland water by wa}' of Lake Ontario. "I have seen many of these seals in Long Island Sound, chiefly upon the Thimble Islands; and March 25, 1879, I saw one on a rock in the Hudson river, near Sing Sing." — Merriam, Mammals of the Adirondacks, 1884. According to newspaper reports a harbor seal was killed in the Hudson river at Hyde Park in the spriiig of 1893. NOTE V. The Hooded Seal. De Kay's description of the hooded seal " was taken from an adult male captured near Eastchester, about fifteen miles from the citj' (New York) * * « The pre- ceding must be considered as the first notice of its existence within our territorial limits, where it can oulj' be regarded as a rare and accidental visitor. — De Kay, Zoology of New York, 1842. So far as known this is the only record of the occurrence of the hooded seal in New York. NOTE VI. WovBRiNE, Glutton, Cahcajou. "Although we have not met with this animal, yet hunters who have killed them repeatedly, and knew them well, have assured us that they are still found in the dis- tricts north of Racquet Lake. It is, however, everywhere a rare species. Prof. Emmons states that they still exist in the Hoosae mountains, Jlassachusetts. * * * The Wolverine was formerly found as far south as Carolina, but its southern limits at present do not extend south of the forty -second degree." — De Kay, Zoology of New York, 1843. 64 506 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. " The Wolverine {Oulo liiscus) is not now an inhabitant of the Adirondaeks, and I have been unable to find among the hunters and trappers of this region any one who has ever seen it in our wilderness. * * *' Dr. Bachnian killed one, about the year 1811, in its den in a ledge of rocks in Rensselaer county." — Merriam, Mammals of the Adirondaeks, 1884. NOTE VII. The Wolf. The wolf still occurs sparingly in the Adirondaeks. Several packs were reported in the newspapers in the winter of 189U-1891. The Game Law of 1893 offers a bounty of thirty dollars for each grown wolf and fifteen dollars for each pup wolf. NOTE VIII. The Pantuei!, Puma, Cougar. "A full grown male panther, weighing IDO pounds, was shot in Stone Lane, within the Seheuectiidy city limits, Stiturday afternoon. The animal is thought to have strayed from tlie Adirondaeks." — Albany Press and Knickerbocker, Tuesday, September 5, 18:13. 'I'lie Game Law of 1893 offers a bounty of twenty dollars for each panther killed in the State. CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPART- MENT M, ETHNOLOGY. Land and Feesh-AVatek Shells. I. FKESH WATER-BIVALVES. Order Asiphonida. Class Pelecy- PODA. Family Unionid.e. Genus Unio, BetHus. Uuio alatus, Say, Genesee river; Pick- ett collection. Uuio alatus, Say, Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Uuio alatu.Sj i^ay, Lake Champlaiu. Uuio gracilis, Jitirncs, Cross lake, Ouou- daga county; Key. W. M. Beauchamp. tJnio gracilis, Barnes, Eric canal, liochester; James Delaney. Unio gracilis, Barnes, Eiie canal, Mon- roe couuty; Rev. Jolm Waltou. Unio gracilis, Barnes, Pittsford, Mon- roe county; Shelley G. Crump. Unio pressus. Lea, Norman's Kill, Al- bany; C. E. Beecher. Unio pressus. Lea, JIauusville, Jeffer- son county; T. M. Fry. Unio pressus, Ia'u, Wellsville, Allegany couuty; C. E. Beecher. Unio undulatus, Barnes, Pittsford, Monroe couuty; Shelley G. Crump. Unio undulatus, Barnes. Erie canal, Monroe couuty; Rev. John AYalton. Uuio undulatus, Barnes, Erie canal, Monroe county. Unio perplexus. Lea, Allegany river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. Unio verrucosus, Barnes. AUeganj' river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. Unio ovatus, Say, Allegany river, near boundary; C'. E. Beecher. Unio rubigiuosus, Lea, Pittsford, Mon- roe couuty; Shelley G. Crump. Unio rubigiuosus, Lea, Genesee river, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. Unio rubigiuosus, Lea, Erie canal, On- ondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. Unio rubigiuosus. Lea, Erie canal, Rochester. Unio rubigiuosus, Lea, Genesee canal, Rochester; Pickett collection. Unio crassidens, Lanairek, Allegany river, near boundary; C. E, Beecher. Unio clavus, Lanairc/,-, Allegany river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. Unio patul'us, Lj-a = \J. clavus, Tmih., Allegany river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. Unio ellipsis, Tjca, Niagara river, Niagara Falls; S. M. Luther. Uuio ventricosus, Barnes, Seneca river, Onondaga county; C. E. Beecher. Unio ventricosus, Barnes, Seneca river, Onondaga couuty; Rev. W. M. Beau- champ. Unio ventricosus, Barnes, Tonawanda creek, Niagara county; Dr. S. Hart Wright. Unio occideus, l^eu, Tonawanda creek, Niagara county; Dr. S. Hart A\' right. Unio occidens, Xca, Pittsford. Monroe county; Shellej^ 6. Crump. Unio occidens, Ijii, Seneca river, Onon- daga county ; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. Unio ochraceus. Say, Champlaiu caual, West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Unio ochraceus. Say, Hudson river, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Unio cariosus. Say, Chamjilain canal. West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Unio cariosus. Say, Hudson river, Al- bany; C. E. Beecher. Unio cariosus. Say, Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher, Unio multiradiatus. Lea, Genesee river, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. Unio multiradiatus, Lea, Butternut creek, Otsego county. Unio multiradiatus, Lea, Medina, Or- leans couuty; Pickett collection. Uuio multiradiatus. Lea, Alleganyi river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. Unio ligamentiuus, Jjim., Allegany river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. Unio luteolus, Lam., NewYork; Gould collection. Unio luteolus, Lam., Genesee river, Monroe county; Rev. J. Walton. Unio luteolus. Lam., Cross lake, Onon- daga county; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. Unio luteolus. Lam., Ischua creek, Cat- taraugus -county; C. E. Beecher. Uuio luteolus. Lam.. Pittsford, Monroe couuty; Shelley G. Crump. Unio luteolus. Lam., Oswego lake; 0. E. Beecher. Unio luteolus. Lam., Onondaga lake, Syracuse; C. E. Beecher. Unio luteolus. Lam., Genesee river; C. E. Beecher. Unio rosaceus. Be Kay=\}. luteolus, LMm., Charlotte, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. 608 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Unio radiatus, Lam., Little lakes, Her- kimer county; C. E. Bcecher. Unio radiatus. Lam., Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Unio radiatus, Lam., Seneca lake; T. M. Fry. Unio radiatus. Lam., Schuyler's lake, Otsego county; C. E. Beecher. Unio radiatus, Lam., Onondaga lake; 0. E. Beecher. Unio radiatus, Lam., Champlaiu canal, West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Unio radiatus, Xow., Clicnango river; C. E. Beecher. Unio radiatus. Lam., Tioga river, Steu- ben county; C. E. Beecher. Unio radiatus, in.m., Little lakes, Herkimer county; J. G. Anthony. Unio radiatus, Lam., Hudson river, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Unio fabalis, Lea. Allegany river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. Unio parvus, Barnes, Syracuse; C. E. Beecher. Unio parvus, Barnes, Erie canal, Onon- daga county; Rev. W. M. Beau- champ. Unio parvus, Barnes, Genesee canal, Monroe county; Dr. S. Hart Wright. Unio complnnatua, Sol., Champlain canal. West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Unio complanatus, Sol., Hudson river, Albanj'; 0. E. Beecher. Unio complanatus, Sil., Norman's Kill, Albany; 0. E. Beecher. Unio complanatus, Sol. , Pittsford, Mon- roe county; Shelley G. Crump. Unio complanatus, Sol., Lake Luzerne, Warren county; C. E. Beecher. Unio complanatus, Sol., Cortland; V. E. Beecher. Unio complanatus, Sol., Coliocton river, Steuben county; C, E. Beecher. Unio complanatus, •'^d.. Greenbu.sh. Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. Unio complanatus, Sol., Mohawk river, Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. Unio complanatus, Sol., Chepatehet creek, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Unio complanatus, Sol., Long lake, Hamilton county; C. E. Beecher. Unio rectus, Lam., Erie canal, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. Unio rectus. Lam., Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Unio rectus, Lam., Oneida lake. Unio rectus. Lam., Seneca river, Onon- daga county; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. Unio nasutus. Say, Hudson river, Al- bany; C. E. Beecher. '"' Unio nasutus. Say, Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Unio nasutus. Say, Champlain canal, West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Unio nasutus, Sai/, Erie canal, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. I Unio nasutus. Sat/, Erie canal, Roch- I ester; James Delaney. I Unio Novi-Eboracl. Lea, Erie canal, Onondaga count}'; Rev. W. M. Beau- champ. Unio Novi-Eboraci. Lea, Oswego river. Unio Novi-Eboraci, L^ea, Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Unio No^■i-Eboraci, Lea, Shenandoah creek; C. E. Beecher. Unio No\-i-Eboraci, Lea, Cayuga lake; C. E. Beecher. Unio Novi-Eboraci, Xeff, Erie canal, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. Unio phaseolus, Hildreth, Chautauqua lake; C. E. Beecher. Unio phaseolus, Hildreth, Allegany river, near boundarj'; C. E. Beecher. Unio gibbosus, Barnes, Pittsford, Mon- roe county; Shelley G. Crump. Unio gibbosus, Barnes, Erie canal, Monroe count}'; Rev. Johu Walton. Unio gibbosus, Biiriies, Allegany river, near boundary; C. E. Beecher. Unio gibbosus, Barnes, Tonawanda creek, Niagara county; Dr. S. Hart Wright. Unio Tappaniauus, Lea, Brie canal, Onondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beau- champ. Unio Tappanianus, Lea, Erie canal, Mohawk; Dr. James Lewis. Unio Tapjianiauus, Lea, Erie eanal, MohaAvk; C. E. Beecher. Unio Tappaniauus, Lea, Pludson river, Troy; T. H. Aldrich. Unio Tappaniauus. Lea, Erie canal. West Troy; T. H. Aldrich. Unio Tappanianus, Lea, Erie canal, Mohawk. Genus Maboaritana, Schumacher. Margaritaua marginata, Say, Mohawk river; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana marginata. Say, Mohawk river, Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana marginata. Say, Seneca river; C E. Beecher. Margaritana marginata, Sa/y, Cham- plain canal. West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Margaritaua marginata, Say, Erie canal; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana marginata. Say, New York. Margaritana marginata, Say, Manlius, Onondaga county. Margaritaua rugosa, Barnes, Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Margaritana rugosa, Barnes, Mohawk river, Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana rugosa. Barnes, Hudson river, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana rugosa, Barnes, Onondaga lake; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana rugosa, Barnes, Cross lake, Onondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beau- champ. X X LU X a: LU < Q < < _) u. O o I- u LU LO ^ Eepoet on the Zoological Exhibit. 509 Margaritana rugosa, Barnes, Genesee canal, Olean; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana rugosa, Barnes, Norman's Kill, Albany; C, E. Beecher. Margaritana uudulata, Say, Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. BeeeUer. Margaritana imdulata. Say, C'hepatchet creek, Herkimer county- ; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana uudulata. Say, Canisteo river, Steuben county; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana undulata, Siy, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. JIargaritana undulata, Beaver lake, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana uudulata, Say, Chenango river; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana undulata, Say. Gohoctou river, Steuben county; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana undulata. Say, C'hamplain Ciiiial. ''West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Margaritana imdulata. Say, Madison county; V. E. Beecher. Margaritana deltoidea. Lea, Erie canal, Monroe count}-; Rev. John "Walton. Margaritana deltoidea, Lea, Mud creek; James Delaney. Margaritana margaritifera, Linn, Lake Champlain; Gould collection. Genus A^^odonta, Cucier. Anodonta fragilis, L,am., Beaver lake, Onondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beau- champ. Anodonta fragilis, Lam., Beaver lake, Onondaga county; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta fragilis, Lam., Otsego lake, C. E. Beecher. Anodonta fragilis. Lam., Cayuga lake. Anodonta fragilis. Lam., Keuka lake; Dr. S. Hart Wright. Anondonta Bencdictii, Lea, Onondaga lake; Rev. "W. M. Bcauchamp. Anodonto Bencdictii, Lea, Erie canal, Rochester; Rev. John Walton. .Vnodonta Benedictii, Lake Champlain; Gjo. II. Hud.sou. Anodonta Benedictii, Lea, New York; Emmons collection. Anodonta Footiana, Lea, Canandaigua lake; Pickett collection. Anodonta edentula, Say, Ischua creek, Cattaraugus county; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta edentula, Say, Chautaucxua lake; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta edentula, Say, Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Anodonta edentula, Say, Seneca river; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta edentula. Say, Genesee river, Monroj county; Rev. John Walton. Anodonta edentul.-i, Say. Erie canal, Monroe county; Rev. John AValton. Anodonta edentula. Say, Honeoye creek, "Monroe county; James "Delaney. .\nodonta undulata. Sai/, "Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta undulata, Say, Norman's Kill, Albany. Anodonta implicata. Say, Erie canal, West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta implicata. Say, Chamjilain canal. West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Dover ' Plains, Dutchess count}'; W. S. Teator. Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Ischua creek, Cattaraugus county; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Buffalo creek, Erie county; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta fluviatilis. Dillw., Andover, ! Allegany count}'; C. E. Beerhcr. Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Farnum's ' pond, Troy; C. E. Beecher. j Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Champlain I canal. West Troy; C. E. Beecher. I Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., West Mis- j sion, Steuben county; C. E. Beecher. I Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Genesee canal, Allegan}' county; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Erie canal, West Troy; C. E. Beeeher. Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw.. Black pond, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Greenbush, Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta fluviatilis, Dillw., Mohawk basin, West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta Lewisii, Lea, Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta Lewisii, Lea, Erie canal, Herkimer county; Dr. James Lewis. Anodonta Lewisii, Lea, Erie canal; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta Lewisii, Lea, Pittsford, Mon- roe county; Shelley C. Crump. Anodonta lacustris. Lea, Canisteo river, Steuben county; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta lacustris. Lea, Cedar lake, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta lacustris, Lea, Little lakes, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. An. subcylindracea. Lea, = A. Ferus- saciana, Xea, Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. An. subcylindracea, Lea,= A. Ferussa- ciann. Lea, Greenbush, Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea, Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crunio. Anodonta subcylindracea, Lea, = A. Ferussaciana, Lea, Nine-mile creek, On- ondaga county; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta subcylindracea, Lea,= A. Ferussaciana, Lea, Erie canal; C. E. Beecher. Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea, Erie canal, Rochester; Rev. John Walton. Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea, Keuka lake, Yates county; Dr. S. Hart Wright. Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea. Honeoye creek, Monroe county; James Delaney. 510 New Yobk at the World's Columbian Exposition. Anodonta Ferussaciana, Lea, Erie ca- aal, Syracuse; James Delaney. Order Siphonida. Family Ctkekid.e. Genus Sph^kium, Scopoli. SpbiErium simile, Sai/, Litchfield, Herk- imer county; C. E. Beecher. Spliferium simile, Say, Norman's Kill, A-lbany: C. E. Beecher. Sphoerium occidentalis. Prime, Cedar lake, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Sijhwrium striatiuum, Norman's Kill, Albany. Sphan-ium rhomboideum. Say, Green- bush, Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. Splutn'ium occidentale. Prime, Litch- field. Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Sphan-ium rosoceum. Prime, Mohawk river, Herkimer county; Dr. James Lewis. Sphairium partunieiimi. Say, Astoria, Long Island; Temple Prime. Sphserium truncatum, Lins., New York; Dr. James Lewis. Sphseriuni trausversum, Say, Norman's Kill, Albany. Spha?rium secure. Prime, New York. Genus Pisidium, Pfeiffer. Pisidium tequilaterale. Prime, Cedar- ville, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Pisidium ventricosum, Prime, New Yorlv; Dr. James Lewis. Pisidium abditum, Prime, Long Island; Temple Prime. Pisidium Virginicum, Bmrrrj., Hudson river, Albany; C'. E. Beecber. I Pisidium compressum, Prime, New Y''orl5.; Dr. James Lewis. Pisidium compressum. Prime, Mohawk river; C. E. Beecber. Pisidium ferrugiueum. Prime, New York; Dr. James Lewis. II. FEESH-WATEE UNIVALVES. Class Gasteropoda. Order Pectini- BE.\KCHi.\T-V. Family Stkepomatidjs. Genus Gi-ij;iob.\.sis, Lea. Goniobasis Virginica, Gmel., Hudson river, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Goniobasis, Virginica, Gmel. (imma- ture), Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Goniobasis Virginica, Gmel., var. mul- tilineata. Say, Hudson river, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Goniobasis Virginica, Gmel.. Erie canal, Monroe count}'; Rev. John Walton. Goniobasis depygis. Say, Baldwins ville, Onondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beau- champ. Goniobasis livescens, Menke, Erie canal. Goniobasis livescens, Meiike, Erie canal, West Troy; T. H. Aldrich. Goniobasis livescens, Menice, Mohawk river, Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. Genus Pleurocera, Eafinesque. Pleurocera subulare, Lea, Erie canal. Pleurocera subulare. Lea, Mohawk river; T. H. Aldrich. Pleui'ucera subulare. Lea, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. Pleurocera subulare. Lea, Lake Ontario, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. Genus Anculosa, Say. Anculosa carinata, Brurj., Susquehanna river. " Anculosa carinata, Brug., Chemung river; C. E. Beecher. Anculosa carinata. Brag., Cortland; C. E. Beecher. Family RissoiD.1;. Genus Btthinia, Gray. Bythinia tentaculata, Zz'/i.;!, Erie canal. West Troy; C. E. Beecher. Genus Bythinella, Moquin-Tandon. Bythinella obtusa. Lea, Mohawk river, Mohawk; Dr. James Lewis. Bythinella obtusa. Lea, Onondaga county; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. Genus Gillia, Stimson. Gillia altilis. Lea. Hudson river, Albany county; C. E. Beecber. Genus Som.atogyrds, Gill. Somatogj'rus subglobosus. Say, Erie canal, Mohawk; T. H. Aldrich. Genus Amnicola, Gould and Haldeman. Amnicola Say ana, AntJi., Ontario county; J. M. Clarke. Amnicola porata. Say, Mohawk river, Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. Amnicola porata. Say, Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Amnicola pallida, Hald., Mohawk river, Mohawk; Q E. Beecher. Amnicola pallida, Anth., Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E Beecher. Amnicola pallida, Anth., Greenbush, Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. Amnicola Cincinnatiensis, Anth., Erie canal, Itlohawk; T. H. Aldrich. Amnicola Umosa, Say, Erie canal, Mo- hawk; Dr. .James Lewis. Repoet ox the Zoological Exhibit. 511 Genus Pomatiopsis, Tryon. Pomatiopsis lapidaria. Say, Greenbush, Rensselaer count}": C. E. Beeclier. Pomatiopsis lustrica. Say, Xorman's Kill, Albany: C. E. Beeclier. Pomatiopsis lustrica. Say, Erie canal, Mohawk: Dr. James Lewis. Family V.\LrATrD.E. Genus Y.alt.vt.\, Mullcr. Valvata sincera. Say. Wiufield; Herki- mer county: Albert Bailey. Valvata tricarinata, Say, var. simplex, Little lakes, Herkimer county ; C. E. Beeclier. Yalvata tricarinata. Say. Schuyler's lake, Otsego county: C. E. Beecher. Vahata tricarinata. Say, Hudson river, Albany; C. E. Beecher. " Valvata arenifera," Lea, larva case of the insect Phrj-gania, Oneida river, Onon daga countj-; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. Family VI^^PARIDiE. Genus Vivipara, Lamarck. Vivipara contectoides,* 11'. G. Binn., Erie canal; C. E. Beecher. Vivipara contectoides, TT". G. Binn., (embryos), Erie canal, Albany; AV. B. Marshall. Vivipara contectoides, Tl" G. Binn., Erie canal, Mohawk; Dr. James Lewis. Genus Melaxtiio, Bi»Mitch, Melantho rufa, IIald.,= 'Sl. decisa. Say, Noi-man's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Melantho rufa, Uald.,^ , Say, Erie canal; C. E. Beecher. Melantho rufa, I/ald..= ^i- decisa. Say, Erie canal, ^Mohawk; C. E. Beecher. Melantho Integra, Say,= il. decisa. Say, Champlain canal, AVest Troy ; C. E. Beecher. Melantho Integra, /S'«y,= M. decisa. Say, Erie canal, Mohawk; C. E. Beecher. Melantho Integra, Say,^ 51. decisa. Say, Erie canal, Herkimer county; Dr. James Lewis. Melantho decisa, Siy, Schuvler's lake, Otsego county; C. E. Beecher" Genus Lioplas, Troscliel. Lioplax subcarinata, Say, Korman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Order Pci-moxata. Suborder Lmno- PHILA. Family Auricclid.e. Genus Alexia, Gray. Alexia myosotis, Drap., Kew York. Alexia myosotis, Drap., Huntington, L. I.; Temple Prime. Genus C'aryciuum, Mailer. Carychlum exiguura, Mull., Litchtield, Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. Genus Mel.vmpus, Montfort. Jlelampus bideutatus, Say, Grassmere, Staten Island ; A. H. Gardner. Melampus bidentatus, Say, Coney Island ; T. H. Aldrich. Family Limx.bid.-e. Subfamily LiM- x.s:xx.i:. Genus Limx^a, Lamarck. Limniea stagnalis, Linn., Leroy, Genesee county ; C. E. Beecher. Limnaja stagnalis. lAnii.. Pittsford, Monroe county ; Shelle}' G. Crump. LimniBa stagnalis, Linn., Erie canal, Rochester. Subgenus Bulimxea, IlaUleinun. Limnsea megasoma, llahh. Lake Cham- plain ; George H. Hudson. Subgenus Radix, Montfort. Limnoea columella. Say. Fort Hamilton, Long Island ; A. H. Gardner. Limnfea columella, .SV;^, Kcw York. Limnsea columella, Say, Seneca river ; C. E. Beecher. Lininfea columella, Say, Little lakes, Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. Subgenus Llmnophtsa, Fit;. Limnsea reflexa. Say, Lake Eric ; C. E. Beecher. Limnsea reflexa. Say, Erie canal, Rochester ; Rev. John Walton. Limnsea reflexa, Say. Pittsford, Monroe count)- ; Shelley G. Crump. Limnsea elodes, Say, Jefferson count}- ; Rev. John Walton. Limnaja elodes, Say, Rochester ; C. E. Beecher. Limnsea elodes, Say, New York. Limnoea elodes, Say, Suspension Bridge, Niagara county ; C. E. Beecher. - Limn^a dcsidiota. Say, Litchfield, Herkimer county, C. E. Beecher. Limnaa desidiosa, Say, Albany ; C. E. Beecher. Limnsea (Sp ?), Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Limnsea catascopium, Say, ilohawk river ; T. H. Aldrich. Limnsea catascopium. Say, Hudson river, iUbany ; C. E. Beecher. Limnrea catascopium. Say, Norman's Kill, Albany ; C. E. Beecher. Limnaea catascopium, Say (amplified variety), Erie canal ; Dr. James Lewis. Limnsea catascopium, Say, Pittsford, Monroe county ; Shelley G. Crump. * Colonized in Erie canal in 1868 by Dr. James Lewis. 512 New Toek at thk Wobld's Columbian Exposition. Limnffia pallida, Adwms, Cross lake, Onondaga county ; Rev. W. M. Beiiuchamp. Llmuwa pallida, Adams, Pittsford, Monroe county ; Shelley G. Crump. Limnsea emarginata. Say, Oswego ; Eev. W. M. Beauchamp. Limnfea caperata, Sa.y, Litchfield, Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. Limn^ea humilis, Saij. Litclifield, Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. LimniBa humilis, Say, Winfield, Her- kimer county ; Albert Bailey. Subgenus Acella, Haldeman. Limnsea gracilis. Say. Buffalo ; Buffalo Society ^Natural Sciences. Genus Puysa, Draparnaud. Physa gyrina, Siy, Erie canal, Monroe county ; Eev. John Walton. Physa gyrina. Say, Baldwinsville, Onondaga county ; Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. Physa ancillaria, Say, Greenbush, Rensselaer county ; C. E. Beecher. Physa heterostropha. Say, New York. Physa heterostropha. Say, Pittsford, Monroe county ; Shelley G. Crump. Physa heterostropha. Say, Litchfield, Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. Physa heterostropha, Say, Glen Cove, Long" Island ; A. H. Gardner. Physa heterosti-opha, Say, New Dorp, Staten Island ; A. H. Gardner. Physa integer, Hahh, Little lakes, Herkimer county ; C. E. Beecher. Physa integer, Hald., Erie canal ; C. E. Beecher. Genus Bulinus, Adanson. Bulinus hypnorum, Linn.,. West Albany ; C. E. Beecher. Bulinus hj'pnorum, Linn., Pittsford, Monroe county ; Shelley G. Crump. Buhnus hj"pnorum, Linn., Winfield, Herkimer county ; Albert Bailey. Subfamily Planoebi:s.b. Genus Plan- OKBis, Guettard. Subgenus Planor- EELL-\, Haldeman. Planorbis campanulatus, Cedar lake, Herkimer county ; C. E Beecher. Planorbis campanulatus, Say, Pitts- ford, Monroe county ; Shelley G. Crump. Subgenus Helisoma, Swainson. Planorbis trivolvis. Say, Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Planorbis trivolvis. Say, Cortland; C. E. Beecher. Planorbis trivolvis. Say, Greenbush, Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. Planorbis trivolvis. Say, Onondaga lake; C. E. Beecher. Planorbis bicarinatus, Say, Cedar lake, Herkimer county; C. B. Beecher. Planorbis bicarinatus, Say, Albanj-; C. E. Beecher. Planorbis bicarinatus, S:iy, Greenbush, Rensselaer count}-; C. E. Beecher. Subgenus Menetus, H. and A. Adams. Planorbis exacutus. Say, Litchfield, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Planorbis exacutus. Say, Cedar lake, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Subgenus Gtraulus, Agassiz. Planorbis deflectus, Say, Greenbush, Rensselaer county; C'. E. Beecher. Planorbis deflectus. Say, Erie canal, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. Planorbis hirsutus, Gould, Little lakes, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Planorbis hirsutus, Gould, Seneca river; Rev. John Walton. Planorbis parvus. Say, Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Planorbis parvus. Say, Mohawk river, Cohoes; C. E. Beecher. Genus Segmentin.4., Fleming. Segmentina armigera, Say, Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Segmentina armigera. Say, Sand Lake. Subfamily AncylinvE. Genus Ancylus, Ge<>ffroy. Ancylus fuscus, Adams, Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E- Beecher. Ancylus parallelus, Hahh, Little lakes, Herkimer county; Dr. James Lewis. Ancvlus parallelus, Hald., Norman's Kill, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Ancylus tardus. Say, Mohawk river, Moha^^•k; Dr. James Lewis, Ancj'lus rivularis, Say, Ontario county; J. M. Clarke. Genus Gundlachia, JPfeiffer. Gundlaehia Meekiana, Stimp., Canan- daigua, Ontario county; J. M. Clarke. III. LAND SHELLS. Suborder Gbophila. Family Seleni- TiD^. Genus Macrocyclis, Beck. Macrocyclis concava, Say, Pittsford, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. Macrocyclis concava. Say, New York; Dr. James Lewis. Macrocyclis concava, Say, Winfield, Herkimer count}'; Albert Bailey. Macrocj'clis concava, Litchfield, Her- kimer county; C. E. Beecher. Macrocyclis concava. Say, Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Repokt ox the Zooloricai. Exhibit. 513 Family Limacid^. Genus Limax, Lin- naua. Limax maximus, Linn. Introduced from Europe. Limax flavus, Linn. Introduced from Europe. Limax campestris, Binn. Limax agrestis, Linn. Introduced from.Europe. Genus Zoxites. Mbutfort. Subgenus JIesomphix, Eafiiieique. Zonites fuliginosus. Griff., Rochester; James Delauey. Zouites fuliginosus. Griff., "Winfield, Herkimer county; Albert Bailey. Zonites fuliginosus. Griff.. "Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Zouites fuliginosis. Griff'.. Litchfield, Herkimer county; C. E. Bcecher. Zonites inornatus, Sny. Pittsford. Mon- roe county; Shelley G. Crump. Zonites inornatus. Siri/. Litchfield, Her- kimer county; C. E. Beccher. Zonites ligerus, Siv/, Litchfield, Herki- mer county; C. E. Beecher. Zouites intertextus, Binn., Ontario county: J. M. Clarke. Zonites intertextus, Binn., Litchfield, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Zonites intertextus, Binn.. Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelle}' G. Crump. Subgenus Hv.viixiA, Agassis. Zonites cellarius. Mull., Astoria, Long Island; Temple Prime. Zouites uitidus. Mull., Ilion, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Zonites arboreus, Sai/, Pittsford, Mon- roe county; Rev. John "Walton. Zonites arboreus, Suji, Greenbush, Rensselaer count}-; 'C. E. Beecher. Zouites arboreus. Say, Troj'; T. H. Aldrich. Zonites riridulus, J/<;nfe, Silver lake, S. I.; A. H. Gardner. Zonites viridulus, Menke.. Pittsford, Monroe county; Rev. John "Walton. Zonites viridulus, Menke., Troy; T. H. Aldrich. Zonites indentatus. Say, ISTeTV Dorp, S. I.; A. H. Gardner. Zonites indentatus, Say, Genesee county;" Rev. John Walton. Zouites indentatus, Say, Litchfield, Her- kimer county; C. E. Beecher. Zonites indentatus. Say, Huntington; Temple Prime. Zonites minusculus,R'n«., Fort Hamil- ton, L. I.; A. H. Gardner. Zouites Biuneyanus, Mi'rse, Himting- ton, L. I.; Temple Prime. Zonites ferreus, M'/rse, Litchfield, Her- kimer county: C. E. Beecher. Zonites exiguus, Stimp., Monroe county. Rev. John Walton. 65 er- Zonites, exiguus, Stimp., Litchfield, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Subgenus Coxulus, Moquin-Tandon. Zonites fulvus, !);■«/)., Litchfield, Her- kimer county; C. E. Beecher. Subgenus Gasthodokt.a, Albrrs. Zonites interuus, Sail, Albany; T. H. Aldrich. Zonites multidentatus, Binn , Baldwins- ville. Onondag.-i county; C. E. Beecher. Zonites multidentatus, Binn., Litchfield, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Genus Vitkika, Draparnatid. Yitrina limpida, Gould, Litchfield, Her- kimer county; C. E. Beecher. "\'itrina limpida, Gmild, Litchfield, Hi kimer county; Dr. James Lewis. Vitrina limpida, Gonld, A\'infield, Her- kimer county; Albert Bailey. Family PHrLOMYCTD.fi. Genus Teben- sOPnoKCS. Bin net/. Tebennophorus Carolinensis, Base. Tebennophorus dorsalis, Binn. Family Helicidje. Genus Helix, Lin- n(ens. Section Patcla, Haldenian. Patnla alternata, Say, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Patula alternata. Say. Pittsford, Mon- roe county; Rev. John Walton. Patula alternata. Say, Litchfield, Her- kimer couuty; C. E. Beecher. Patula perspectiva. Say. Pittsford, ilonroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Patula perspectiva. Say, Litchfield, Herkimer county: C. E. Beecher. Patula perspectiva. Say, Winfield, Her- kimer county; Albert Bailey. Patula striatella, Antli.. Pittsford, Mon- roe county; Rev. John Walton. Patula striatella, Anth.. Greenbush, Rensselaer county; C. E. Beecher. Patula striatella, .1;/^//., Pittsford, Mon- roe county; Shelley G. Crump. Patula striatella," .-1«W;., Winfield, Her- kimer county; Albert Bailey. Section Microphysa, Albers. Microphysa pygmaja, Drap., Litch- field, Herkimer cotmtv; C. E. IBeecher. Section Helicodisctis, Morse. Helicodiscus lineatus, Say^ Pittsford, Monroe county; Rev. John "\Valton. Helicodiscus lineatus, Siy, Litchfield, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Section Strobil.\, Morse. Strobila lab\'rinthica, Say, Staten Island; E. W. Hubbard. 514 ISTew Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Section Stekotrbma, Rafiiiesque. Stenotrema hirsutum, Say, Pittsford, Monroe couuty; Shelley G. Crump. Stenoti'enia liirsutum, Say, Pittsford, Monroe couuty. Stenotrema monodon, Rack., Albany: C. E. Beecber. Stenotrema monodon, Rack., Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Section Vallonia, Risso. Vallonia pulcbella, Mull., Pittsford, Monroe county; Rev. John Walton. Vallonia pidcbella, Mull., Litchfield, Herkimer county; C'. E. Beecber. Vallonia pulcbella. Mull., Ontario county; J. M. Clarke. Section Triodopsis, Rafinesque. Triodopsis palliata, Sny, Pittsford, Monroe couuty; Rev. John Walton. Triodopsis palliata. Say, Pittsford, Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Triodopsis palliata. Say, Winfield, Her- kimer county; Albert Bailey. Triodopsis palliata. Say, Annandale, Dutchess county; W. S. Teator. Triodopsis appressa, Say, Dr. James Lewis. Triodopsis appressa, Bay, Albanv; T. H. Aldrich. Triodopsis inflecta. Say, Albauj'; T. H. Aldrich. Triodopsis fallas. Say, Ohio; C. E. Beecber. Triodopsis fallax, Say, Pittsford, Mon- roe couuty; Sbelle}' 6. Crump. Triodopsis trideutata. Say, High Bridge, New York city; A. H. Gardner. Triodopsis tridentata. Say, New York. Triodopsis tridentata, Say, Pittsfoixl, Monroe couuty; Shelley G. Crump. Triodopsis tridentata. Say, Litchfield, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecber. Section Mesodos", Rafinesque. Mesodon albolabi'is, Say, Annandale, Dutchess county; W. S. Teator. Mesodon albolabris, Say, Albany-; C. E. Beecber. Mesodon albolabris. Say, Cedarville, Herkimer countj'; C. E. Beecber. Mesodon albolabris. Say, Herkimer county; Dr. James Lewis. Mesodon albolabris. Say, Winfield, Her- kimer county; Albert Bailey. Mesodon albolabris. Say, Litchfield, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecber. ^- Mesodon albolabris, Say, Pittsford, Monroe count)'; Shelley G. Crump. Mesodon JVIitchellianus, Lea, Litch- field, Herkimer county;* Albert Bailey. Mesodon clevatus, Say, Litchfield, Her- kimer county;* Albert Bailey. Mesodon exoletus, Binn., Litchfield, Herkimer count)'; Albert Baile)'. Mesodon dentiferus, Binn., West Win- field, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecber. Mesodon dentiferus, Binn., Litchfield, Herkimer county: Albert Bailey. Mesodon multilineatus. Say, Ann Ar- bor, Mich.; C. E. Beecber. Mesodon profundus, Say, Litchfield, Herkimer county;* Albert Bailej'. Mesodon thyroides, Say, Rochester; Rev. John Walton. Mesodon thyroides, Say. Pittsford, Monroe count)'; Shelley G. Crump. Mesodon thyroides, Say, Pittsford, Monroe county, Mesodon thyroides. Say, Elizaville, Co- lumbia county; W. S. Teator. Mesodon bucculenta, Oould.^'M. thy- roides, Say, Long Island; T. H. Al- drich. Mesodon thyroides, Say, Annandale, Dutchess county; W. S. Teator. Mesodon Sayii, Binn., Mohawk, Herki- mer county; C. E. Beecber. Mesodon Sayii, Binn., Albany; C. E. Beecher. Mesodon Sayii, Binn., Monroe county; Shelley G. Crump. Mesodon Sayii, Binn.. Winfield, Herki- mer county; Albert Bailey. Mesodon Sayii, Binn., Herkimer county; Dr. James Lewis. Family Pupid/E. Genus Pupa, Drapar- naud. Subgenus Pdpilla, Leach. Pupa muscorum, Linn., Crown Point, Essex county; Gould collection. Pupa muscorum, Linn., Auburn, Cay- uga coimty; Gould collection. Pupa muscorum, Linn., Rochester: Rev. W. M. Beauchamp. Pupa muscorum, Linn., Rochester James Delaney. Pupa pentodon. Say, Jefferson county T. M. Fry. Pupa pentodon. Say, Long Island Temple Prime. Subgenus Leucochila, Alb. and Mart. Pupa armifera. Say, Meadowdale, Albany county; W. B. Marshall. Pupa armifera. Say, Yates county; T. M. Fry. Pupa contracta. Say, Litchfield, Herki- mer county; C. E. Beecher. Pupa failax. Say, Cold Spring; Temple Prime. Pupa fallax. Say, Clarksvllle, Albany couuty. C. E. Beecher. * Colonized in Herkimer county. IvKPOKT OX THE ZoOI.OtilCAL ExiliniT. 515 Pupa curvidens, Gould, Mcadowdale, Albany county, W. B. Mnrsliall. Papa contnuta. Sai/. Fort Hamilton. L. I. ; A. H. Gardner. Pupa corticaria, Say, Albany; C. E. Beocher. Pupa corticaria, Scii/, Meadowdale, Albany county: W. B. Marshall. Pupa corticaria, Sai/, Ontario county; J. M. Clarke. Pupa rupicola, Sai/; Gould collection. Genus Vketigo. Mullei: Subgenus Isth- Mi.\, Qray. Vertigo Grouldii, Binn., Alban}'; C. E. Beecher. Vertiso simplex, Gould, Ontario county ; J. M. Olarke. Vertigo Bollesiana. Morse. Meadowdale, Albany "county; AV. B. Marshall. Vertigo miUum. Gould. Long Island; Temple Prime. Vertigo ovata, Say. Litchfield, Herki- mer county; C. E. Bcccher. Vertigo pygnui?, JJrap.. Fort Hamilton, Long Island; A, H. Gardner. Family Stexogtrid.k. Genus Fkhussa- ci.v, Bixso. Ferussacia subcylindrica. Linn., Roch- ester; Rev. John AValton. Ferussacia subcylindrica, Linn., Fort Wadsworth, S. I; "A. H. Gardner. Ferussacia subcylindrica, Linn.. Litch- field, Herkimer county; C. E. Beecher. Family SucciNiD/B. Genus Sijccine.\, Draparnaud. Succinea ovalis, Gould, Litchfield, Her- kimer county; C. E. Bcccher. Succinea ovalis, Gould. Albany; C. E. Beecher. Succinea ovalis, Gould. Pittsford. Mon- roe county; Shelley G. Crump. Succinea oblicjua. Say, Annandale, Dutchess county; W, S. Teator. Succinea obliqua. Say. Mohawk. Her- kimer county; C'. E. Beecher. Succinea obliciua. Say, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Succinea obliqua. Say, Frankfort, Her- kimer county; C. E. Beecher. Succinea obliqua. Say, L^pper Red Hook, Dutchess county; AV. S. Teator. Succinea obliqua. Say. Pittsford, Mon- roe county; Shelley G. Crump. Succinea obliqua. Say. Winfield, Herki- mer county; Albert Bailey. Succinea obliqua. Say. Pittsford, Mon- roe county; Rev. John Walton. Succinea avara, Say, Albany; C. E. Beecher. Succine.'i avara, Say. Fort "Washington, New York city; W. S. Teator. EEPOET ON THE FORESTRY EXHIBIT. By EOMEYN B. HOUGH, Lo-vvvillb, Supekintendent. Tlie J^ew York State Exhiljit occupied in tlie Forestry Building a space of about 1,566 square feet, mainly on the eastern side and near the southern end of tlie building. The exhibit was collected and arranged so as to be of the higliest educational value, and to be fully illustrative of the forest resources of the State. It was imique in several particulars of scientific importance. It consisted of (1) a series of photographs about ten by sixteen inches in size, of typical isolated trees in leaf ; (2) a series of photograjihs of the same trees after the leaves liad fallen ; (3) natural size photographs of typical barks of trees ; (4) sections of the woods showing transverse, radial and tangen- tial A-iews of the grain, so thin as to be translucent and hence revealing characteristic structures ; (5) preserved specimens of the leaves, flowers and fruits, artificial reproductions being substituted for perishable fruits. The photographs and sjjecimens, so far as they pertain to a given species, were mounted together in a double frame between glass, and fully labeled with technical, English, German, French and Spanish names. The frames were, themselves, an exhibit of Xew York woods, highly finished, as they were designed and made especially for this purpose. They were mounted on pivoted posts which turned easily and thereby facilitated a study of tiie exhibit by displaying the thin wood sections in either transmitted or reflected light. The greater part of the space assigned to the State for its forestry exhibit was occu- pied by these posts, each displaying four species. Besides these, how- ever, tlie exhibit contained a series of log specimens, each about three and one-half feet long, and displaying the bark and transverse, radial and tangential views of the grain. The cut surfaces represented the woods both unfinished and highly finished, the latter suggesting an ornamental value of many of our timbers not appreciated by the pub- lic generally. The laliels with these timbers gave information as to their respective distrilmtion and relative abundance throughout the State and the uses to which they are genei'ally applied. Arranged as transparencies in the windows, was a series of transverse sections of the woods of the State one-four-liundredth of an inch in thickness, the products of a machine and process devised by the super- intendent of the exhibit for the scientific study and display of woods. The exhibit also included several manufactured articles of wood, in pursuance of the general design of making it as complete a showing as possible of the various native and naturalized trees of the State. One hundred and six species were represented, and, from a dendro- logical standpoint this was, perhaps, as complete an exliibit as was ever made of the forestry of any region whatever. The walls of the space were covered with balsam boughs, making the atmosphere redolent with WHITE ELM {L'lmiii Americana) Eepokt ox the Foeestev Exhibit. 517 the perfumes of the Adirondacks, a balsam pillow being displayed as a product of that region. A line picture of a group of Sweet-gum trees grown on New York soil and interesting from association, was hung upon tlie wall and bore the following label : "Alexander Hamilton brought the thirteen trees to Xew York in 1S02 from Mount Yernou. Ya., tied under his gig and planted them himself, where they now stand, near the upper end of Manliattan Island, on the place known as the Ha'.nilton Grange." As properly being a portion of New York's contribution to the for- estry display of the exposition, though isolated from the rest of the exhibit, was a fine log specimen of the White Pine {Pinvs Sfmlus) placed in the group wliicli formed the central feature in the Forestry Building, and also nine of the trunks which entered into the construc- tion of the imposing colomiade of the building. Tlie latter were located on the west front, and counting from the southwest corner Avere as follows, commencing with the tenth cluster of three each : Beech, Sugar Maple and Balsam ; eleventh. Hemlock, "White x\sh and Black Cherry ; twelfth. White Birch, White S]3ruce and Yellow Birch. CATALOGUE OF NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT N, FORESTRY AND FOREST PRODUCTS. LIST OF WOODS KEPKESEISTTED IN THE NEW YORK FORESTEY EXHIBIT, WITH NOTES ON THE DISTEIBL'TION AND EELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF EACH THROUGHOUT THE STATE AND THE USES FOE WHICH THEY ARE MOST SUITABLE. Sweet Bay, Magnolia, glcmca, L. — Found on Long Island and Staten Island in swamps, but hardlj^ more than a shrub in this climate. Of little use excepting for ornamental purposes and its delightfully fragrant flowers. Cucumber Tree, Magnolia acuminata, L. — Common in the southwestern coun- ties. Used in cabinet making, for pump logs, woodenware, cheese boards, etc. Whitewood, Tulip Tree, Liriodendron Tulipifera, L. — More or less common south of the center of the State. Valu- able lumber, woodenware, etc. Paj^aw, A-nmina triloba. Dt/nul. — Very local, in western New York on the lake watershed. Of little use, but fruit occa- sionally eaten. Basswood, Tilia. Americana, L. — Abundant throughout the State. Lum- ber, cabinet making, woodenware, excel- sior, etc. Hop Tree, Wafer Ash, Ptelea trifoliata, L. — Not uncommon as a shrub or small tree along the Niagara river and occa- sional (though probably escaped) on Long and Staten Islands. Of little use except- ing for ornamental purposes and a bitter extract of the bark and fruit occasionallj^ as a domestic medicine and a substitute for hops. Holly, Ilex opaca, Ait. — Common in swamps on Long Island and Staten Island, as a shrub and occasionall}' as a tree. Wood valuable for turnery, choice cabinet work, etc., and foliage for decorative purposes. Ailanthus, Ailanthi/s glandtilosus, JDesf. — Introduced from the Orient, but now thoroughly naturalized and growing lux- " uriantly in localities in Southern New York. Little used, though originally in- troduced as an ornamental tree. Horse Chestnut. Aescidns Hippocas- tantim, L. — Common as an ornamental tree south of the center of the State. Little used except for ornament. Summer Grape, Vitis aestimlis, Mich.v. — Common and occasionallj' attaining eight or ten inches in diameter of trunk. Fruit of pleasant flavor, but little used. Sugar Maiile, Acer saccharinum, Wang. — Abundant generally throughout the State, especially in the north. One of our most important trees, producing wood of high ornamental value for interior finish- ing, furniture, woodenware, etc., and sugar produced by the tree is an import- ant product of the State. Striped Ma]5le, Moosewood, Acer Pean- syli'diiieinn, L. — Common throughout the State along shaded ravines. A small tree of little use. Red jMaple, Soft Maple, Acer rubram, L. — Abundant throughout the State in moist soil along streams, swamps, etc. Woodenware, cabinet making, etc., and occasionally for interior finishing and sometimes for sugar making. White Maple, Soft Maple, Acer dasy- carpuiii, Ehrli. — Common along streams, especially river banks subject to inunda- tion. Woodenware, cabinet making, etc., and some maple sugar. Box Elder, Ash-leaved Maple, Negundo aceroicles. Moench. — Rare and local in the southwestern portion of the State, in river valleys. Woodenware and occasionally for interior finishing. Some sugar is pro- duced by this tree. Stag-horn Sumach, Elms typjiina, L. — Common throughout the State, and occa- sionall}' attaining the dimensions of a tree, the one represented in the exhibit being one foot in diameter, about the maximum size. Wood highly ornamental and used occasionally in fancy woodwork. Fruit, bark, etc., used occasionally for dyeing purposes. Dwarf Sumach, Rhus copalina, L. — Abundant as shrub or very small tree in the southeastern portion of the State. Leaves and bark are used in dyeing and to some extent in tanning. Poison Sumach, Rhii.ilacture of agri- cultural iniplenu'nts, tool handles, etc., and produces a valuable fruit. Pig-nut Hickory, Car.i/a jinrcina, Kiitt. — Comnum throughout the State. Valu- able in the manufacture of agricultural implements, tool liandles, etc. Shell-bark Hickory, Cari/a alba, Xutt. — Abundant generally in the interior of the State, Useful for tool handles, agri- cultural implements, wheel stocks, etc., and for its superior nuts, perhaps the most valuable of the hickories. King-nut Hickory, Oari/a sulcaUa, Siitt.^A. western tree reaching its east- ern limit of distribution in Western New York. Rare within our limits. Not distin- guished from the shell-bark in commerce or in uses, but produces a much largci' nut. Small-fruited Hickory, Cari/a iiticro- carpa, JS'iitt. — Not uncominou through- out the State. Used for agricultural im- plements, tool handles, etc. J5itter-nut Hickoi'y, Carnal amara, Xnlt. — Common throughout the State. Usually along the borders of streams and in moist hnvlands. Used in the manufac- ture of agricultural implements, tool handles, hoops, etc. Yellow Oak, Qiiercii.i tiiictoria, l^artram. — Not uncommon throughout the State generally. Used fm- furniture, interior finisliing, in cooperage, etc. Bark rich in tannin. Red Oak, Qticrriis rubra, L. — Abundant throughout the State. Used in cooper- age, for furniture, interior finishing, etc. WHITE HLM {Uliiiuf Americana) Repokt ox the Fokestkv Exhibit. 521 Chestnut Oak, Rock Oak, Qiieiv.iis Priiiiis, L. — Coinmou throughout the State. Used for railway ties, fencing and furniture. Valuable on accoiuit of the amount of tannin contained in the bark. Scarlet Oak, Qncrciis mcciiieii, Wjinf/. — Common throughout the State. Used in cooperage, for railway ties, ttc. Bhtck-Jack Oak, (^Iturcus iiignt. L. — A small tree abundant iu localities along the coast. Little used except for fuel. Chinquapin Oak, QiicreHs M^uldenburffii. Enr/i'liii. — Western New York and rather uncommon. A timber valuable for much the same uses as that of the white oak. Pin Oak, Qui irii.1 paluntris, Du Mot. — Abundant on Long and Staten Islands. Used in cooperage, for furniture, interior finishing, etc. White Oak, Qiicrnis idha. L. — Common throughout the State. One of the most valuable of the oaks for interior finish- ing, furniture, agricultural implements, cooperage, etc. Burr Oak, Qucrcus macrocitrpd , yrkh.r. — Common in river vallej's, especially in the nortlieru portion of the State. Valuable for the same uses as the white oak and scarcely inferior to it. Post Oak, Qiiciciis ohiHiiUohii, Dii Roi. — Common on Long and Staten Islands. Used for railway ties, fuel and to some e.Ktent in the manufacture of chairs and in cooperage. Swamp White Oak, Qiicreus hiculoi-, Willd. — Common generally throughout the State in moist situations. Used in the manufacture of agricultural implements, furniture, etc. Chestnut, Castanea vesca, var. Amci: Michx. — Common throughout the State excepting in the mo're northern and ele- vated regions. Besides the valuable fruit this tree produces e.vcellent lumber for general construction purposes, furni- ture, fencing, etc., and railway ties, with- standing decay for a long time. Beech, Far/tis firriir/ineii, Ait. — Very common, especially in the northern and elevated regions, growing in dry, rich soil. Largely used in the manufacture of plane stocks, chairs, tool handles, etc., etc.. iind for fuel. Hop Hornbeam, Ironwood, Ostn/a Vir- ()inicii,]Villd. — Common throughout the State in dry soil. Used for levers, tool lianilles, etc. Blue Beech, Ironwood, Carpiiius Caro- Uiiiitiiii, Waiter. — Common throughout the State alnng streams. Useful for tool handles, levers, etc. Sweet Birch, Betidii, lenta, L. — Com- mon tliroughout the State. Valuable in the manufacture of furniture, wooden- ware, for interior finishing and for fuel. 66 Yellow Birch. Bdula Uitea. Mirh.i: f. — Common in the northern and more ele- vat:'d districts on rich uplands and hill- sides. Used iu the manufacture of woodenware and furniture, for interior finishing and extensively for fuel. Hiver Birch, Pxluhi iii(/m. L — Rare in New York, being found sparingly on Staten Island and Long Island, in moist soil along streams, and Prof. Charles H. Peek reports a few individuals ou the iKink of the Hudson river, near Coxsackie. Applicable to the same uses as the yellow birch. White Birch, Old-field Birch, Bctida poflidifuliii, M o 'J 1- < > Awards in the Agkiccltueal Department. ssr GROUP 16. FARM TOOLS. Bender, J. O., & Son, Fajetteville; transpliintei'. Birdsall Co., The, Auburn; traction engine. C. C. Plow Co., Elmira; plows. Columbian Cordage Co., Auburn; binder twine. Dederiek. P. K., & Co., Albany; presses. Eugelberg Huller Co., Syracuse; rice buller, lawn rake. Gillette Clipping ^Machine Co., New York; clipping and shearing machines. Kemp & Burpee Mfg. Co., Syracuse; manure spreader. Morgan, D. S., & Co., Brockport; har- row and cultivators. Osborn, D. M., Auburn: disc harrows. Syracuse Chilled Plow Co., Syracuse; plows and cultivators. Westinghouse Co., The, Schenectady; bean threshing machine, tubular boiler. Wood, Walter A., Hoosick Falls; mower. Grace, W. R., nitrate of soda. & GROUP 17. FERTILIZERS, Co. , New York; j Knox, Chas. B,, Johnstown; calf's- foot gelatine. GROUP 18. OILS, SOAPS, American Cotton Oil Co., The, New York; salad oil, cotton seed oil, cotton seed meal, cottoline. Baumer, Francis, Syracuse; caudles. Baumer, Francis, Syracuse; Baumer's patent high altar candle extract. Durkee, E. R.,& Co., New York; mus- tard seed oil. ETC. Eckerman & Will, Syracuse; candles and other articles made from beeswax. Miller, Wm. P., Co., Brooklyn and. Chicago; lubricating machines and com- pounds. Phoenix Candle Co., Syracuse; candles, candle shades. State of New York, Albany; flaxseed. The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully compared with the records in this department and is correct. J. S. BROWNING, March 21, 1894. C hief of Department of Agriculture. 68 AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT B, HORTICULTURE. GEOUP 20. VITICULTUKE Experiment Station, Geneva; collection of grapes. Dunning, D. M., Aubui'n; collection of grapes. New York State, Albany; grapes (crops of 1893 and 1893). New Yorli State, Albany; photos of vines, models of training, etc. WINES. Banniher, J. H., New York; wines, Norton's. Brocton Wine Cellars. Brocton; wines, Catawba, 1880; brandj', fine old. Brotherhood Wine Co., New York; wines, sweet Delaware and pure table claret. Dewey, H. T., & Sons, New York; wines. Delaware; port, Dewey's. Empire State Wine Co., Penn Yan; brand}', wines, port and claret. Garlock, Abram, Newark ; cider brand}'. Garlock, P., & Son, Phelps; cider brand)'. Germania Wine Co., Hammondsport: Reisling. Germania Wine Co.. Hammondsport; wines, champagne, "Excelsior." Hammondsport Wine Co., Hammonds- pw't; brandy. Hammondsport Wine Co., Hammonds- port; sparkling wine, Golden Age, Ex- tra Dry Catawba. The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- pared with the records of this department and is correct. H. W. CANNON, February 20, 1894. Chief of Departnient of Viticulture. GROUP 21. POMOLOGY. Irondequoit Wine Co., Rochester; wines, sweet Catawba. Lake Keuka Wine Co. , Hammondsport; wines; champagne, L. K. W. ; port. Jliller, George, Bristol Springs; wines, port. New Y^ork State, Albany; collection of brandies. Pleasant Valley Wine Co., Rheims; wines, port; champagnes. Great Western, Extra Drjr, Carte Blanche, Dry Catawba. Sammons, Warren, Rosendale; cider brandy. Sayer, J. L., & Son, Warwick; cider brandy. Shafer, D. A., Montgomery; cider brandy. Smith, W. M., Bath; cider brandy. Urbana Wine Co., Hammondsport; wines, champagne, " Gold Seal," " Extra Dry." Wisner, Charles E., Warwick; cider brandy. Boldridge, C. J., Kendaia; unfermented grape juice. Brockport Union Agricultural Society, Brockport; apples. Brocton Wine Co., Brocton; fruit juices. Central New Yorlv Horticultural So- ciety, Syracuse; apples and pears. Curtice Bros. & Co., Rochester; jellies, jams and marmalade. Doyle, Michael, & Co., Rochester; evaporated apples. '' Ellwanger & Barry, Rochester; pears. Erie Preserving Co., Buffalo; fruits in solution. Experiment Station, Geneva; currants and gooseberries, apples and pears. Farmer, L. J., Pulaski; strawberries. Genesee Fruit Co., Genesee; carbonated cider. Gordon & Dilworth, New York; fruits in solution, jellies, jams, fruit syrups, etc. Moore, Jacob, Attica; collection of cur- rants. New York State, Albany; apples, pears and stone fruits, small fruits, strawber- ries, plants in fruit. New York State, Albany; fruit marma- lades. Orange County Agricultural Society, Montgomery; apples, quinces and pears. Orleans County Agricultural Society, Albion; apples. Powell, George T., Ghent; apples. Snow, G. C. & W. C, Penn Yan; unfer- mented grape juice. Western New York Horticultural Society, Rochester; apples and pears. A"WAEDS IX THE HoKTICULTUEAL DePAETMENT. 539 GKOUP 1 Abendroth Bros., New York; plaut receptacles, vases, etc. C'hilds. John Lewis, Floral Park ; col- lection of Iris. Cutting, Wm. B., Oakdale ; collection of crotous. Dean, James, Bay Ridge ; collection of bay trees, specimen palms. Donlan, Eileen, Brooklyn ; bedding plants in ornamental design. EUwanger & Barry, Rochester ; col- lection of hollyhocks, peonies and rhododendrons. Gould, Jay, Irvington ; collection of palms. Henderson, Peter, & Co,, Xew York; collection of cyclamens, caunas, bulbs, primroses, pansies and hollyhocks. *Hitchings & Co. , New York ; green- house appliances, etc. ; heating appara- tus for greenhouses. Janseu, Edward, New York ; collection of wicker vases. Joosten, C. H., New York; iusect powder and bellows for applying. Kelsey, Fred. W., New York; col- lection of rhododendrons. Krick, Wm. C, Brooklyn ; immortelle lettering. Long, Daniel B. . Buffalo : floral photos. *Lord & Burnham Co. , Irvington ; greenhouse appliances, etc. ; heating apparatus for greenhouses. Marc, G., & Co., Woodside ; collection of standard roses. New York Florists' Club, New York ; collection of roses and carnations; horti- • FLOKICULTUEE. cultural literature; "Old Fashioned Garden." New York State Museum, Albany ; collection of fungi. New York State, Albany ; collection of roses ; collection of palms ; collection of ornamental foliage plants ; collection of tuberous begonias. Nilsson, Wm., Woodlawn ; bedding plants in ornamental designs. Oasis Nursery Co.. Westbury Station ; collection of tuiserous begonias (cut). Parsons' Sons Co. , Flushing ; collection of rhododendrons. Picrson, F. R., & Co., Tarrytown ; col- lection of cannas ; collection of roses (cut). Reed & Keller, New York ; florists' wire designs. Scholes, Frederick, Brooklyn ; col- lection of orchids. Scollay, J. A., Brooklyn; plant and flower sprinklers. Siebrecht & Walley, New Rochelle; aquatic plants. Small. H. H., & Sons, New York ; art floral design " The National Capitol." Stecher Lithographing Co., Rochester; floral lithographs. Thorburn, J. M., & Co., New York; collection of cyclamens. Tricker, Wm., Dongan Hills; aquatic plants. ^Weathered, Thos., & Sons, New York; villa conservatory. Webb. Mrs. H. Walter, New York; mounted ferns. *NoTE. — These exhibits were transferred from group 26 to group 22 by order of John Boyd Thacher. chairman executive committee on awards, because of "their close relation "to floricult'ure. GEOTJP 23. CULINARV Bonnell, G. A., Waterloo ; potatoes. Experiment Station, Geneva ; sweet corn, peppers, peas, beans, tomatoes, squashes, cucumbers, melons, radishes, beets, carrots, salsify, collection of lettuce and onions. Gordon & Dilworth, New York; ohves in bottles, Freach capers and salad dressing. VEGETABLES. Howard. S. G., Rochester; collection of vegetables. McCreadj', Mrs. J. F., Buffalo; canned vegetables. New York State, Albany ; canned tomatoes, collection of vegetables. GEOUP 24:. GARDEN SEEDS. Henderson, Peter, ic Co., New York; collection of garden seeds. GEOUP 25.- EUwangx-r & Barry, Rochester: collec- tion of woody ijlauts. • AEBOEICULTUEE. Parsons & Sons, Flushing, LI.; collec- tion of trees. GEOUP 20. METHODS AND APPLIANCES. Caldwell Lawn Mower Co., Newburgh; lawn mowers. Chadburn & Caldwell Mfg. Co., New- burgh; lawn mowers. 540 New York at thjs Av^oeld's Columbiak Exposition. Henderson, Peter, & Co., New York; I Stott Garden Implement Co., New plats of growing lawn grass (sown in York; insecticides and appliances. 1892). I The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- pared with the records of this department and is correct. Januarn 13, 1.894. HENRY HOLZAPPEL, Jii., Chief of Department of Horticulture. UJ > O 'J < z o Z X UJ >- al. UJ > AWARDS GRANTED KEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS H DEPART31ENT C, LIVE STOCK. GEOCP 27. HOESES, MULES. Ha-svley, E. F., Pittsford; Shetland ponies. — Stallion, -t years or over, fourth premium. §20. Hawley, ilrs. E. F., Pittsford; ponies in harness. — Mare or gelding, above 9 and under 11 hands.medal; four-in-hand, above 9 and under 13 hands, medal; tandem, pair of mares, or mare and gelding, medal. iNew York Condensed ililfc Companj-, New York city; truck and delivery teams. — Best pair of horses, first medal. Otis, Ira L., Rochester; French coach horses. — !Mare, 5 years or over, third premium, §50; mare, 5 years or over, diploma; mare, 3 years, under 3, fourth premium. s2.5; mare, 1 year, under 2, fourth premium, §25. Sharra, J. B., Mexico; Cleveland bay horses. — Stallion, 3 years, under 3, third premium, §50. GEOUP 28. CATTLE. Cogswell, P. J., Rochester; Jersey cattle. — Bull, 3 years or over, fourth pre- mium, 815. Cooley, A. H., Little Britain; Jersey cattle. — Bull, 3 years or over, second pre- mium. .§35; bull, under 1 year, second premium, §30; co^v, 3 years, under 4, second premium, §35; heifer, 3 j'ears, un- der 3, second premium, 835; heifer, under 1 year, third premium, §30; herd, graded by ages, second premium, 875; j'oung herd, consisting of one bull and four heif- ers, all under 3 years, bred by exhibitor, fourth premium. §25; four auinials of either sex, the get of one sire, second premium, 8*5; two animals of either sex, the produce of one cow, first premium, 880; bull, any age, third premium. Davidson, G. Howard. Millbrook; Guernsey cattle. — Bull. 3 years or over, first premium, §50; bull. 1 year, uuder 2. first premium, -SoO; bull, under 1 year, first premium, .§-10; cow, -1 years or over, second premium, §35; cow, 3 years, un- der 4. third premium, §20; heifer, 3 years, under 3, second premium, §35; heifer, 1 year, under 2, fir.st premium, 840; heifer, 1 year, under 3. third premium. §30; heifer, under 1, first premium, .§40; heifer, under 1, third premium, 830; herd, graded by ages, "first premium. .§100: young herd, consisting of one bull and four heifers, all under 3, bred by exhibitor, first premium, 8100; four animals of either sex, the get of one sire, first premium. 8100; two ani- mals of either sex, the produce of one cow, second premium, |40; bull, any age, medal and 850. Kent, A. M., Jamestown; Brown Swiss cattle. — Bull, 3 years or over, first pre- mium, §35. Pittsford Stock Farm. Pittsford ; Jersey cattle. — Bull, 3 years or over, third pre- mium. 820. Sweet, C. A., Buffalo, Jersey cattle. — Cow, any age, medal and .§50. Wilbur, D. F., Oneonta; Holstein-Frie- sians. — Bull, 3 years or over, first pre- ! mium, §50; bull, 3 years or over, third premium, §20; bull, 2 years, under 3, first premium, §50; bull, 1 year, under 2, first premium, §50; bull, 1 year, under 3, sec- ond ijremium, 835; bull, under 1, first : premium, 8i0; bull, imder 1, second pre- mium, 830; cow, 4 years or over, third premium, §20; cow, 4 years or over, fourth premium, 815; cow, 3 _years, under 4. sec- ond premium, 835; cow, 3 years, under 4, third premium, 820; heifer, 2 years, un- der 3, second premium. 835: heifer, 3 j years, under 3, third premium, 820; heifer, I 1 y£ar, under2, first premium, 8411: heifer, I 1 year, under 2, fourth premium, .815; heifer, under 1, first premium, §40; heifer, under 1, third premium, .S3U; herd, graded by ages, first premium, 8100; herd, graded by ages, third premium, 850; young herd, one bull and four heifers, un- der 3, first premium, 8100; four animals, either sex, get of one sire, first premium. 8100; four animals, either sex, the get of one sire, third premium, §50; two ani- mals, either se.x. produce of one cow, sec- ond premium, .840; bull, any age. medal and .§50; bull, under 1 vear, niedal and 825. GEOUP 29. SHEEP. Cossitt, Davis. Syracuse: Merino sheep. ' ewe, 2 years, under 3, first premium, — Ram, under 1, third premium, $15; $35. 642 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Cuny, T. N., Hartwick; Cheviots. — Earn, 8 years or over, third premium, $15; ram, 3 years, under 3, third premium, $15; ram, 1 year, under 3, second pre- mium, S30; ewe, 3 years, under 3, first premium, $35; ewe, 3 j-ears, under 3, sec- ond premium, $20; ewe, 1 year, under 2, first premium, $35; ewe, 1 J'ear, under 2, fourth premium, §10; ewe, under 1, first premium, $30; ewe under 1, third pre- mium, $10; ram and three ewes, all over 3 years, second premium, $25; pen of two rams and three ewes, under 3 3-ears, bred by exhibitor, second premium, $25. Curry, Wm.,& Son, Hartwick; Chevi- ots. — Ram, Syearsor over, first jDremium, §25; ram, 3 years or over, second pre- mium, $20; ram, 2 years, under 3, first premium, §35; ram, 2 years, under 3, sec- ond premium, $20; ram 1 year, under 2, first premium, §25; ram imder 1, third premium, $10; ram under 1, fourth pre- mium, §10; ewe, tliree j'ears or over, first premium, §25; ewe, 2 years, under 3, third premium §15; ewe, 1 year, under 2, sec- ond j)remium, §20; ewe, 1 year, under 3, third premium, §15; ewe, under 1, fourth premium, §10; ram and three ewes, all over 2 years, first premium §30; pen of five ewes, 2 years or over, bred by exhib- itor, first premium, §35, pen of two rams and tliree ewes, under 2 years, bred by exhibitor, first premium, §35; ram of any age, §50; ewe of any age, §50. Lee, R. M., South Bloomfield; Merino (A) sheep. — Ram, 2 years, under 3, fourth premium, $15. Lough, George, Hartwick; Cheviots. — Ram, 3 years or over, fourth premium, §10; ram, 2 j-ears, under 3, fourtli pre- mium, $10; ewe, 3 years or over, third premum, §15; peu of five ewes, 2 years or over, bred by exhibitor, second premium, §25; pen of two rams and three ewes, under 3 years, bred by exhibitor, third pre- mium, $30. Martin, G. F., Rush; Merino sheep.— Pen of two rams and three ewes, third premium, $25. Martin, Geo. F., Rush; Merino (B) sheep. — Ram, 3 years, under 3, fourth premium, §15. Martin, Peter, Rush; Merino (A) sheep. — Ram 3 years or over, third premium, $20; ram and tliree ewes, all over 2 years, third premium, §35. Van Dresser Bros., Cobleskill; Cheviots. — Ram, 1 year, under 2, third premium, §15; ram, 1 year, under 3, fourtli premium, §10; ewe, 3 years or over, second pre- mium, §20; ewe, 2 years, under 3, fourth premium, $10; ram and tliroe ewes, all over 3 years, fourth premium, $15; pen of two rams and tliree ewes, under 2, bred by exhibitor, fourth premium, $15. GEOUP 31. — SWINE. Davis, E. W., Oneida; Cheshires. — Boar, 1 year, under 3, third premium, §15; boar, under 6 months, second jire- mium, §15; sow, 6 months, under 1 year, third premium, §10; sow, under 6 months, third premium, §10; boar and three sows, under 1, fourth premium, §15; boar and three sows, bred by exhibitor, fourth premium, $20; boar and three sows, under 1, third premium, §20; boar and three sows, bred by exhibitor, third pre- mium, §25; four swine, get of same boar, fourth premium, §10; four pigs, jjroduce of same sow, third premium, §20. Doolittle, L. F., Ouaquaga; Cheshires. — Boar, 1 year, under 2, first premium, §35; boar, 6 months, under 1 year, second premium, §15; sow, 3 j-ears or over, first premium, §25; sow, 3 years or over, fourth premium, $10; sow, 1 year, under 3, sec- ond premium, $30; sow, six months, . under 1 year, second jiremium. §15; boar and three sows, over 1 year, first premium, $30; boar and three sows, bred by exhib- itor, second premium, $30; boar and three sows, under 1 year, second pre- mium, §35; boar and three sows, bred by exhibitor, second premium, §30; four swine, get of same boar, second premium, $30; four pigs, produce of same sow. second premium, §30; sow, any age, first premium, §35. Freeman & Button, Cotton's; Cheshires. — Barrow, 14 and under 18 months old, second premium, $30; barrow, 10 and under 14 months old, second premium, $20; barrow, 6 and under 10 months old, second premium, §15; pen of three bar- rows, second premium, §20; boar, 2 j'ears or over, first premium, §25; boar, 1 j'ear, under 2, fourth premium, $10; boar, 6 months, under 1 year, fourth premium, §10; boar under (i months, fourth pre- mium, §10; sow under 6 months, fourth premium, §10; boar and three sows over 1 year, third premium, §30; boar and three sows, bred by exhibitor, third pre- mium, §35; boar and three sows under 1 year, fourth premium, §20; boar and three sows, bred by exhibitor, fourth premium, $20; four pigs, produce of same sow, fourth premium, §10. Hurlburt, B. J., Clymer; Improved Yorkshire. — Boar, 1 year, under 3, first premium, $24; boar," under 6 months, third premium, §11. Hurlburt, B. J., Clymer; Cheshires. — Barrow, 14 and under IS months old, first premium, §25; barrow, 10 and under 14 months old, first premium, §25; bar- Aavaeds in Live Stock Department. 543 row, 6 and under 10 months old, first premium, §30; pen of three barrows, first premium, S2o; boar, 1 year, under 3, second premium, §30; boar, 6 months, un- der 1 year, first premium, §30; boar, 6 montlis, first premium, §30; boar, un- der 6 months, thii'd premium, §10; sow, 1 year, under 3, first premium, §35; sow, 1 y.ear, under 3, fourth premium, §10; sow, 6 months, under 1 year, first pre- mium, §30; sow, under 6 months, first premium, $30; sow, under 6 months, sec- ond premium, §1.5; boar and three sows, over 1 year, second premium, §35; boar and three sows, bred by exliibitor. first premium, $35; boar and three sows, un- der 1 year, first premium, §30; boar and three sows, bred by exhibitor, first pre- mium, §35; four swine, get of same boar, first premium, $40; four swine, get of same boar, third premium, $30; four pigs, produce of same sow, first premium, §40; boar, any age, first premium, §35; boar, any age, bred by exhibitor, first pre- mium, §50; sow, anj' age, bred by exhib- itor, first premium, $50; sow, 6 months, under 1 year, fourth premium, §10. Metcalf Bros., EastElma; Berkshires. — Boar, 1 year, under 3, first premium, §50; sow, 3 years or over, second premium, §40; sow, 6 months, under 1 year, fourth premium, §30. Seeley, James, Geneva; Essex. — Boar, 6 months, under 1 j'ear, third premium, §35; four pigs, under 6 months, produce of same sow, fourth premium, $55. Spicer. W. E., Harvard; Berkshires. — Boar, 3 years or over, first premium, §50; boar, 1 j'ear, under 3, fourtli premium, §30; boar, 6 months, under 1 year, third premium, §30; sow, 3 years or over, third premium, §30; sow, 1 year, under 3, second premium, §40; boar and three sows, over 1 j'ear, tliird premium, $40; boar and three sows, under 1 3'ear, bred by exhibitor, second premium, §60; boar and three sows, under 1 year, fourth premium, §30; four swine, get of same boar, bred by exliibitor, fourth premium, §55; boar any age, first premium, $75; boar and three sows, under 1 year, bred by exhibitor, third premium, $50, GEOUP 34. HOMING PIGEONS. Barwell, Wm., New York; for bird making fourth speediest return to New York city and vicinity from exposition grounds, medal and diploma. Bennert, Wm., New York city; for bird making third speediest return to New York city and vicinity from the exposi- tion grounds, medal and §15. Book, Wm., Jr., New York; for bird making second speediest return from ex- position grounds to New York city and vicinity, second medal, §35. Clarke, Thos. J., Ozone Park, L. I.; for bird making speediest return from exposi- tion grounds to New York city and vicin- ity, first medal, §50; special premium for bird reaching New York city and vicinity within seventy-two hours, special medal. inSCELLANEOUS. American Glucose Co., Buffalo; Buffalo gluten food (cooked corn meal). I 0. Lindemann & Co., I cages (tin). New York; bird The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- pared with the records of this department, and is correct. March 31, 1894. J. S. BROWNING, Chief of Department of Agriculture in charge of Live Stock. AWARDS GRANTED mV( YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT D, FISH AND FISHERIES. GROUP 37. AQUATIC LIFE. Ams, Max, New York; mounted speci I Skinner, G. M., Clayton; trolling men of sturgeon (collective exhibit). spoon, photo and oil paintings of muskel- Harris, "\^'m. C, New York cit}'; litho- lunge, graphs of fishes. | GEOUP 38. SEA FISHING. Court, John W., Brooklyn; fish hooks. | York cit}'; literature on pearls; report on Kunz, G. F. (of TifEan}' & Co.), New | pearls of North America. GROUP 39. FRESH "WATER FISHING. Buel, The J. T., Co., Whitehall; ar- tificial bait and trolling spoons. Forest & Stream Publishing Co., New York city; "Forest and Stream," a weekly publication, books, photographs, etc. St. Lawrence River Skiff, Canoe & Steam Launch Co.,Clayton;boatsforaugler.s' use. Spalding, A. G., & Bros., New York city; fishing rods. Von Hofe,- Julius, Brooklyn; fishing reels. Yawman & Erbe, Rochester; automatic reel. GROUP ttO. FISHERY PRODUCTS. Ams, Max (collective exhibit). New York; canned fish. Kahrs, F. , New York city; fish glue and glue pot. Major, A., New York city; ]\Iajor's cement. Tiffany & Co., New York; Oriental and American pearl collection. Wolff & Reessing, New York city; canned sardines, etc. The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- pared with the records of this department and is correct. H. W. CANNON, February 30, 1894. Chief of Department of Fish and Fisheries, ,' > p < z i- ai < O Q Z AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT E, MINES AND MINING. Exhibits marked (*) made iu coimection witli New Yorli State Museum. GEOUP 4:2. MINERALS. & Iron Co., Platts OEES, *Chateaugay Ore burg: magnetite. Crum, A. B., New York; liquid inclu- sions. cr3"stals, etc. English, Geo. L., & Co., New York; minerals systematically arranged, com- plete collection of gems. Kunz, Geo. F. (Tiffany & Co.), New York: platinum, meteorites, diamond as- sociation. New York Mineralogical Club, New York; minerals, N. Y, Island. New York State Museum, Albany; N. Y. minerals. New York State Museum, Alban}'; iron ores. ETC. State Museum, Albany; '} New Y'ork magnetites. ■■'Port Henry Iron Ore Co., Port Henry; magnetite Bessemer ores. Shapleigh,Walden,Glvacester; ores, etc. Tiffany &Co., New York; fine miner- als, gems and precious stones. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Rochester; rocks, specimens illustrating various structures, textures and forms explained by rock masses. Award's Natural Science Establishment, Rochester; meteorites, minerals, carbons, etc. ■*Witherbee, Sherman & Co., Port Henry; magnetites. GEOUP is. MINERAL COMBUSTIBLES. New York State Museum, Albany ; crude petroleum. Standard Oil Company, New York ; Galena engine, coach and car oils, El Dorado engine oil, El Dorado castor and Ruddj' Harvester oil, electric cycle, Atlan- tic red oil, marine engine oil, ice machine oil, cycle lantern oil, composite candles, mineral soap. Continental ointment, elec- tric light mining candles, electric light domestic candles, ■ paraffine candles, Miners' Sunshine, roll neck grease. Sala- mander hot neck grease, mica axle grease, llama wool oil, illustrated exhibit of the petroleum industry. Matchless valve oil. Harmless oil, stove gasohne, redistilled street lighting gasoline, gas naphtha, de- odorized naphtha for varnish and painters' uses, 300 degree illuminating oil, 175 degree headlight oil. common illuminat- ing oils, high grade illuminating oils, sig- nal oils, capital cylinder oil for lubricating cylinders in stationary engines, marine valve oils for lubricating cylinders in marine engines. Renown engine oil for lu- bricating all classes of machinery except cylinders, Zero cold test black oil for car axles, mineral sewing machine oil. thread cutting oil, coach oil for coach axles, crude petroleum, oil-bearing, rocks, fin- ished products from Ohio crude petroleum " Lima oil," high gra\'ity gasoline. GEOUP 4i. BUILDING AND ORNAMENTAL STONES. New York State Museum, Albany; road materials, geological obelisk show- ing formation of New York. "^Ornamental Slate Co., Middle Gran- ville; red roofing slates. ■*Genesee Salt Co., Piffard; velvet grain and table salt. New Pediara Onyx Co., New Y''ork; Mexican onyx. New York State Museum, Albany; building stone, slates for roofing and orna mental purposes. GROUP 4.5. GRINDING AND POLISHING SUBSTANCES. Behr, Herman. &Co., New York; flint, 1 *Lynch, Daniel, Minerva; garnet (mas- emery papers, pumice and rotten stone. | sive). GROUP 4(i. GRAPHITE, CLAYS, ETC. Dixon Crucible Co., Ticonderoga ; ] Johns. H. W., Mfg. Co., New York; graphite, crude, in lumps. technical display of asbestos. Johns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New York; ; New York State Museum, Albany; asbestos. i clays. 69 546 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. "Staten Island Kaolin Co., Staten Island; 1 Van Dusen, F. M. kaolin. j tempering sands, etc. GEOUP 47. LIMESTONE, CEMENTS, ETC. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., New York; asphalt pavements for streets. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., New York; refined asphalt and asphalt cement. ^Buffalo Cement Co., Bufialo; hydraulic cement. *Horan Brothers, Medina; flagstone. *Lawrence Cement Co., Rosendale; cement. et al., Glasco; New York State Museum, Albanj'; road metals. New York State Museum, Albany; lime and cement. *Persbacher Bros. &Co., Calicoon; flag- stones. Warren Chemical Mfg. Co., New York; natural asphalt roofing material, roofing and roofs. GEOUP 48. SALTS AND MINEEAL PAINTS. Battelle & Renwick, New York; double refined saltpetre. Battelle &, Renwick, New York; sulphur and brimstone. ■•'CUnton Metallic Paint Co., Clinton; hematite and mineral paint. Nash, Whiton & Co., New York; dairj' and table salt. New York State Museum, Albany; paint. New York State Museum. Albany; col- lective exhibit of mineral waters. New York State Museum, Albany; col- lective exhibit of salt. Roessler & Hasslacher, New York; col- lective exhibit of chemical products. Roessler & Hasslacher, New York;, Roessler & Edelman's desilveriug process. White, T. & S. C. New York; pre- pared rock, roll and ground sulphur. Wyatt, Dr. Francis, New York; general collection of pliosphates. Wy. Central Association, Troy; sul- phate and carbonate of soda. GEOUP 49. METALLURGY. Chrome Steel Works. Brooklyn; collection of products of chrome steel ; welded 5-ply chi'ome steel plates. Groups 50-54 inclusive treat of the metallurgy of baser metals in which New York had no exhibits. Groups 55-57 treat of gold and silver metallurgy. GEOUP 55. The Mechanical Gold Extractor Com- ] Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Com- panj'. New York; the Crawford mill for pan}'. New York; cyanide of potassium pulverizing, etc., gold ores. | for mining purposes. GEOUP 56. Tiffany & Co., New York; collection illustrating the savings of gold and silver in jewelry shops. GEOUP 57. Rand DriU Company, New York ; furnace tapping drill. GEOUP 58. STONE QUAERYING. IngersoU-Sergeant Drill Company, The, I Rand Drill Company, New York ; two New York ; Ingersoll track channeler, shaft bars witli clamps, three column.^ IngersoU-Sergeant bar channeler, Inger- with arm and clamps, soil standard gadder for quarry work. | Ingersoll-Sergeant Drill Companj-, The, New York ; adjustable tunnel column, clamp and crescent battery, automatic feed drill, drills and coal mining machines Rand Drill Company. New York ; rock drills and Derbj' bit liltle giant rock drills. GKOUP 61.— ^DEILLING MACHINEET. Rand Drill Co., New York; air com- pressing rock drills and other ma- chinery. Suydam, John, Albany ; metal flexible joint. Awards in Mines and Mining Department. 547 GROUP 62. MINING Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Falls ; deep mine pump. Ingersull-Sergeaut Drill Companj-, The, New York ; air head for rock drill, pis- ton cold air compressor. Rand Drill Co., New York; high pressure air compressor. MACHINERY. Rand Drill Company, New York ; straight and duplex liue air compressor. Worthiugton, Henry R., Xew York ; Lehigh mine pump, iwo central packed plunger pumps. Worthington, Henry R., New York; one sinking pump, duplex plunger pump. GROUP 63. MOVING ORES AND COAL. Andrews, W. C, New York: method of I Lancaster, J. H., New York; hoisting transportation by pumping coal through ' machine, pipes. I GROUP 66. ASSAYING. New York; Douglas Douglas, James, revolving calciner. Kunz, Geo. F., New York; collective display, shovring metallurgy of coinage. Lipe, C. E., Syracuse; samples showing welding by tire. Tiffany cfc Co., New Y'ork; collective exhibit of gold and silver alloys. GROUP 67. MINING LITERATURE. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., New York; models of pavement. Colo. Scientific Society, New York; volumes from 1883 to 1890. Davis, Charles T., New York; "The Brick 3Iaker." Douglas, James, New York; models of revolving cj-linders calcimining furnace with a central flue. Goldthwaite, AYm. N., New York; Goldthwaite's Mineral Magazine. Howard. Lockwood & Co., New York; "American Mail and Export Journal." Kunz, Geo. F., New Y'ork; statistics and history of mining for gems and pre- ' cious stones; portraits of mineralogists, geologists, gems, minerals, etc.; books and ■pamphlets on gems, precious stones and mining mineralogy. • Kunz, Geo. F., New York; book, gems and precious stones. North America. New York State Museum, Albany; Nat- ural History of New York. New York State Museum, Albany; Bul- letins of New York State Museum con- taining reports on iron, stone and salt. Sanard, I. E., New York; "Coal Trade Journal." Scientific Publishing Co., New Y^ork; the engineering and mining journals. Standard Oil Com])any, New York; photographic transparencies, showing mining, transportation and refinement of petroleum. Ward's Natural Science Establisliment, Rochester; collection of relief models, Williams, David, New York; "The Iron Age," GROUP 68. HISTORICAL IMPLEMENTS. Kunz, Geo, F, (Tiffany & Co,), New York; historical implements; instruments, relics and medals. Scientific Publishing Co,, New York; book on (Vol. 1) Mineral Industry, its sta- tistics, etc. The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New Y^orkhas been carefully com- pared withthe records of this department and is correct. F. R. GAMMON, March 24, 1894. G7iief of tJie Departinent of Mines CMd Mining. AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT F, MACHINERY. GROUP 69. MOTOES AND API'AEATDS FOE THE GENEEATION AND TEANS- MISSION OF POWEE HYDEAULIO AND PNEUMATIC APPAEATUS. Abendroth & Root Manufacturing Co. , New York; spiral riveted pipes. Abendrotli & Root Manufacturing Co., New York; sectional water tube boiler. American Leather Link Belt Co., New York; leather link belting. Babcock & Wilcox Co., New York; model water tube boilers and details. Ball & Wood Co., New York; high speed engines. BuflEalo Steam Pump Co., Buffalo; steam pumps. Cameron Steam Pump Works, New York; pumi^s. Carlson, Conrad, Brooklj'n; platform and hod elevator. Clonbrook Steam Boiler Works, Brook- lyn; boilers. Consolidated Safety Valve Co., New York; valves. Conover Manufacturing Co., New York; independent steam engine condenser. Davidson, M. T., Brooklyn; compound boiler feed pumps. De La Vergne Refrigerating Machine Co., New York; refrigerating machinery. Eddy Valve Co. .Waterford; sti'aigbtway valves for water and steam fire hydrants. Electric Pipe Bending Co., Harrison; round, flat, oval and special forms of pipe coil. Fasoldt, E. C, Albany; air compressors for phj'sicians' use. Floyd, James R., & Sons, New York; O.gdeti quick-moving valve for gas mains, self sealing mount piece, valve indicator. The Fuel Economizer Co., Matteawan; ffue heater to heat water for boilers. Gould Mfg. Co., Seneca Palls; triplex power pumps for boiler feed. Hunt, C. W., & Co., New York; steam engines, governors for steam hoisting engines. Ingersoll- Sergeant Drill Co., New - York; air compressor. Knowles Steam Pump Works, New York; double acting triplex pump, i^' Lake Erie Engineering Works, Buffalo; 1,000 horse power vertical compound engine. Lidgerwood Manufacturing Co., New York; hoisting engines for mine or con- tract service, bridge erection and in the operation of wire rope tramways. Mathews, John, Apparatus Co., New York; carbonating machinery. National Meter Co., Buffalo; gas en- gines, gas pumping engine. New York Belting and Packing Co., New York; rubber belting, display of rubber packing, gaskets, balls, rolls, hose and t\ibiug. New York Safety Steam Power Co., New York; automatic cut-off engine. Payne, B. W., & Sons, Elmira; im- proved Corliss engine. Rand Drill Co., New York; air com- pressor. Rider Engine Co., New York; hot air pumps for supplying water to residences, hotels, etc. Thompson and Bushnell Co. , New York; flue cleaner. Turner Machine Co., New York; air compressors. Watertown Steam Engine Co., Water- town; tandem compound condensing engine. Westinghouse, Church, Kerr & Co., New York; upright tandem compound engines, single action high speed com- pound engine, collective exhibit of steam engines, steam loops. Wheeler Condenser and Engineering Co., New York; surface condensers. Wing, L. J., & Co., New York; " Wing's" disc fan. Wittemann Bros., New York; auto- matic continuous "spray system" carbo- nating apparatus. Worthiugtou, Henry R., New York; marine feed water heater, large check and foot valves for water, air compressor and beer racking pump, horizontal triple expansion engine, four-cylinder vertical triple expansion engine, vertical com- pound engine, underwriter's fire pumps, low duty pumps, admiralty feed pumps, wrecking pump, independent jet con- denser and pumps, pressure pvimps for mining and elevator service, ammonia pump, duplex water motor, steam accu- mulator combined with duplex pump, general exhibit of pumping machinery, high duty condensing engine. Yawman & Erbe, iRochester; exhibit of bottle washing and rinsing machines, trucks and tanks. OJ > O 3 >- < -J ua Awards in jMachineky Department. 5i9 GEOFP TO. — FIEE EX&IXES APPARATUS AND APPLIANCES FOR EXTIN- American Fire Engine Co., Seneca Falls; Columbian steam tire engine, Clapp & Jones tire engine, Sillby steam tire engine, Xo. 15 steel house heater, rotary fire pump and piston fire pump, hose^ GROUP 71. MACHINE TOOLS AND Bliss, E. W., Co., Brooklyn; power presses, seaming machines and gang- slitters. Capitol Machine Tool Co., Auburn; quick-acting vises. Gleason Tool Co., Rochester; Gleason engine lathes. Keystone Mfg. Co., BufEalo ; patent nonpariel "wrenches. Manning, Maxwell ifc Moore. NewYork; machine tools and machines for working metals. GUISHING FIRES. pipes, firemen's tools, etc.. 20 size steam fire engine. Waterbury Rubber Co. spring armored hose. Ahrens No. Kew York; MACHINES FOR AVORKING METALS. Morrill Bros., Brooklyn; drop ham- mer. Niagara Stamping and Tool Co., Buf- falo; machine tools. Saunders. D., & Sons, Yonkers; ma- chines for cutting and threading pipes. Stiles & Parker Press Co., Brooklyn; punching presses and drop hammers, Westcott Chuck Co., Oneida; scroll and drill chucks. Williams, J. H., & Co., Brooklyn; forg- ings, wrenches. GROUP t'^. MACHINERY FOR THE MAJTUFACTURp: OF TEXTILE FABRICS AND CLOTHING. Baker & Shevlin, Saratoga Springs; screens used in paper making. Barton Mfg. Co., New York; rubber stamp Tulcanizer. Booth Bros., Rochester; turning and cording machines and upper sliaper. Lightning Beader Co., Springville; upper beading machines. GROUP 73. MACHINES American Wood Decorating Machine Co., New York; wood embossing machine. Holmes, E. & B., Buffalo; No. 6 heavy timber planer and sizer. No. 6 improved Atlanta fast feed lilaner and matching machine, No. 9 endless bed double sur- facPF without feeding rolls, improved variable feeding device, segment resaw Manning, John J., New York; wind- ing rolls for paper. Singer ^Ifg. Co., New York; sewing machines for manufacturing purposes. Tracy, Harriet Ruth, New York; Tracy lock and chain stitch rotary shuttle sew- ing machine. FOR WOOD WORKING. for resawiug lumber and sawing sidings, straightening attachment, spur feed rip- saw, simple knife scales, barrel, keg, hogshead and stave machinery. jprj'bil, P., New York; bevel hand-saw machine, swing-saw machine, piano plate drill press, piano butt machine, twist and fluting machine. GROUP i-. ■ MACHINES AND APPARATUS FOE TYPESETTING, PRINTING, STAMPING, EMBOSSING, JIAKHfG American Bo.v Machine Co.. Amster- dam; slitting and winding machine, cov- ering and trimming machine, top and bottom labeling machine, machine for making -jewelers' boxes. American Type Founders' Co., New York; specicmens of job composition and type specimen boolvs, Barth automatic type-casting and type-finishing machine, type, space and qundret-casting machine, Benton pimch-cutting machine, BcDton's self-spacing type, machinery and appli- ances for the manufacture of movable type. " IJurrell. D. H., & Co., Poughkeepsie; automatic paper feeding machine. BOOKS AND PAPER WORKING. Dexter Folding Co., Fulton: rapid side- feed bonk and newspaper folder. Gaily, M., New York; exhibit of uni- versal job printing, embossing, jiaperbox cutting and scoring presses. Hoe, R., & Co., New York, quadruple web perfecting and insetting presses, stop- cylinder and lithographic power printing presses. Inman Mfg. Co., Amsterdam; auto- matic telescope paper box machine, cloth corner staying machine, inside scoring and slitting machine, strawboard cutting and scoring machine, corner cutting ma- chine for manufacturing round-cornered paper boxes. 550 ITew York at the "World's Columbian Exposition. McAdams, John, & Sons, Brooklyn ; ruling machine, paging machine. Mergenthaler Linotype Co., New York; typesetting and casting machine for the production of metal bars with type faces in relief. Potter Printing Press Co., New York; rotary web printing and folding presses for four and eight-page newspaper work, stop-cylinder lithographic presses. Sheridan, T. W. & C. B., New York; Arch embossing machine, embossing and ink distributing machine, Sheridan paper cutter, Sheridan perfect gem hand lever, circular shear, automatic paper cutter, roller backer. GROUP 7o. — lithography — zincography and color printing. Ottmann, J., Lithographing Co., New York; lithographing process. - MISCELLANEOUS HAND TOOLS, MACHINES AND APPARATUS USED IN YARioUS ARTS. Ashcroft Manufacturing Co., New York; pressure and vacuum gauges. Bean's standard die stock and Brown's adjustable pipe tongs. Tabor indicator, continuous recorder. Clough & Maconnell, New York; wire corkscrew machine. Doig, Wm. S., Brooklyn; box nailing machines. Nathan Manufacturing Co., New York; injectors, lubricators, oil cups and attachments. Schaffer & Budeuberg, New York; pressure gauges, ammonia gauges for ice and refrigerating machinerj', tachometers for high speed engines and steam engine indicators, injectors and exhaust injectors. Sherwood Manufacturing Co., Buffalo; injectors, oil cups, oil pumps, lubricators, flue scrapers, gauge cocks, grease cup and flue blowers. Thompson and Bushnell Co., New York; steam engine indicator. Troy Laundrj- j\Iachinery Co. (Limited), New York; mangles, washing machines, dampening, folding, drying, tumbling, starching and ironing machines; exliibition of model illustrating the construction of drying closets, etc.; duplex mangle machine; double-geared brass washing machine. GROUP T8.- Caruss, J. H., & Co., New York; autO' matic lens-grinding machine. Gouverneur Machine Co., Gouverneur mill for sawing stone. MACHINES FOR WORKING STONE, CLAY AND OTHER MATERIALS. Mitchell, Cornelius S., New York; cherry heat welding compound. Tabor Manufacturing C^o., New York; duplex automatic molding machine. GROUP 79. MACHINERY USED IN THE PREPARATION OF FOOD, ETC. Squier, Geo. L., Manufacturing Co., Buffalo; coffee mills, coffee hullers, coffee separators, puljiers and washers. The foregoing list of exhibitors receiving awards in the machinerj' department from the State of New York, has been careful!}' compai'ed with the records of this department and found to be correct. January 30, 1894. M. L. McDONALD, Jr. AWARDS GRAXTEI) XEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS U DEPARTMENT G, TRANSPORTATION. GKOrP 80. EAILWATS. Brooks, E. J., & Co., Xew Tork; car seal. Brooks Locomotive Works, Dunkirk; collection of locomotives, "suburban" passenger locomotive. C'onsoUdated Car Heating Co., Albany-; Improved Commingler car system, direct steam heating, multiple circuit drum sys- tem and Sewall coupler. Frost Veneer Seating Co., iSTew York; veneer goods. General Electric Co., 2sew York; elec- tric locomotives. Hunt, C. TV., Co., New York; indus- trial railro;id system and conveyor. Keller Printing Co., Xew York; tickets, ticket seller, ticket starting machine and canceling apparatus. Merchants Despatch Trans. Co., Ifew York; refrigerator car. Xathan Mfg. Co., Xew York; injectors, lubricators and appliances. Xew York Air Brake Co., New York; air brake. New York Contral & Hudson River Railroad, New York; buffet car and day coach, model of old engine and trains; locomotive No. 999. Ramapo Wheel and Fotmdry Co., Rimapo; boltless steel-tired wheels. Safety Car Heating and Lighting Co., New York; Pintsch gas sj'Stem, steam and hot water heating, Gibbs coupler. Self Winding Clock Co., New York; train despatcher or program clock. Schenectad}- Locomotive Works, Sche- nectady; switch engine, two locomotives. Thacher Car Construction Co., New York; compressed air dumping car. Wagner Palace Car Co., New York; vestibule train, model of car framing. Worthington, Henry R., New York; tank pump and boilers. GEOUP SI. STREET CAES. Jones', J. il., Sons, West Troy; body open electric car and body closed electric car. Peckham Motor Truck and Wheel Co., Kingston; electric motor trucks. Stedman, James H., Rochester; detec- tive transfer. Stephenson. John, Co. (Limited), New York; "Broadway" cable car, electric motor car. GEOrP 82. SPECIAL EAILWATS. Rankin, T. L., Sacketts Harbor; ice railway. GEOTIP 83. EOAB TEHICLES. Aubeuf, F. J., Oneida; hand cart and runners. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., New York; traction indicator. Brewster & Co., New York; four-horse break, road coach, park drag, double suspension caleche. landau, pair-horse brougham, four-wheel gamecart, cabrio- let, tandem cart, spider phaeton, top wagon, 'fancy sleigh, double suspension brougham. Buffalo Spring Gear Co., Buffalo; ve- hicles in the white. Cately & Etlling, Cortland; Burry prop spring. Champion Wagon Co., Owego; Cham pion wagon. Cook,"Wm., New York; folding baby carriage. Cunningham, Jas.. Son & Co., Roches- ter; royal seven-spring rumble Victoria, royal brougham, glass landau, black hearse, white hearse, Berlin coach. Curley, J., Brooklyn; family break, shell brougham, double-pillar brougham, top wagon, Victoria. Dark, Thos., & Sons, Buffalo; garbage wagon. Eccles, Richard, Auburn: carriage specialties. Fenton iletal >Ifg. Co., Jamestown; bicycle handle bar. Flandreau & Co., New York; runabout. Preeland & Bradley, WeUsville; patent caniage poles. Geneva CaiTiage Works, Geneva; deliv- erv wason. "Glens Falls Buckboard Co., Glens Falls; buckboard wagon No. 1, buckboard wagon No. 5. Mogul Mfg. Co., New York; draught springs for relief of animals. 652 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. New York Fifth Whtel Co., Brooklyu; anti-friction liftli wlieel. Peerless Mfg. Co., New York; bicycle sundries. Remington Arms Co., Ilion; bicycles. Rochester Wheel Co., Rochester; com- pressed band wheels. Trades' News Publishing Co., New York; "The Hub." Union Hardwai"e Co., Union; coach and carriage forgings. Whitney, Russell M., Olean; black birch wagon hubs. GKOUP S4.- ■ OTHEli FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION. Otis Bros. & Co., New York; high pressure h3'dra>ilic elevator engine, stand- ard hydraiilic elevatoi-, electric elevator (passenger), compound hoisting engine, electric passenger elevator, general exhibit of elevators. Tracy, Harriet R., New York; model of passenger elevators. Worthington, Henry R., New York; compound pumps for elevators. GROUP S5. WATER TRANSPORTATION. Century Co., New York; drawings of modes of tr:insportation. Chase Elevator and Manton Windlass Co., New York; steam steerer and j'acht windlass. Continental Iron Works, Brooklyn steel furnaces for marine boilers. Costou Night Signal Co., New York night signals for land and sea. Do Grauw, Ay mar & Co., New York oars. Gas Engine and Power Co., New York naphtha liuuches. General Electric Co., New York; elec- tric system for ships. Harper Bros., New York; drawings of transijortation subjects. Hunt, G. W., Co., New York; rope, tubs and shovel. Kahuweiler, David, New York; patent Woolsey buoy, life preservers, rafts and boats. McBean, Edge & Co., Buffalo; set of fluted lens .signal lamps, Fresuel lens .sig- nal lamps. Merrill, R., & Son, New York; log compass and binnacle. New York and New Jersey Sandy Hook Pilots, New York; models and pictures of pilot boats. New York State Exhibit, Albanj'; re- lief map and model of lock. Nicarauga Canal Construction Co., New York; relief model of Nicarauga canal. Pain, Jas., & Son, New York; pyro- technics for ships' use. Providence and Stonington S. S. Co., New York; models, pictures and books. Rushton, J. H., Canton; collection of boats, canoes and oars. Safety Car Heating and Lighting Co., New York; gas lighted buoys. Smith & Stanton, New Yorli; pen draw- ings of steam vessels. Spanish Transportation Co., New York; general exhibit, model of S. S. " Pillafo." Turner, J. Spencer, New York; Ontario cotton sail duck, Webb, J. Beavor, New York; model of yacht. The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- pared with the records of this department, and is correct. JIareh 36, 1894. F. R. GAMMON, Chief of Department of Transportation. > ■J D AWAHDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT H, MANUFACTURES. GKorp 8"; - CHEMICAL AND PHAEJIACEUTICAL PEODUCTS. X)heesebrough j\Iauufacturing Co., New York; vaseline, products of petroleum, toilet soaps, grease paints, boot and shoe pastes. Dodge ifc Olcott, Kew York: essential oils, drugs, chemicals for perfumery. Durkee, E. R., & Co., New York; flavoring e.xtracts and essences. Fritzsche Bros., New York; essential oils. Fritzsche Bros., New York; chemicals. Gardners' Co., New York; syrup h)'- driodic acid. Gribble &, Nash, New York; retiued camphor. Hotchkiss, N. G., &: Sous, Lyons; essential oils. Ladd & Coffin, New York; handkerchief perfumes, cologne, toilet waters. Ladd & Coffin, New York; perfumery, artistic displa}^ Lazell, Dallej' & Co., New York; domestic perfumery, toilet water, sachet powder. Low's, Robert, Son (Limited), Brooklyn; toilet soaps. Jlarx &Rawolle, New York; glycerine Ricksecker, Theo., New York; pei- fumery, toilet soaps. Roessler & Hasslacher Chemical Com- pany, New York; chemicals, ceramic colors, fire gold. GKOUP SS. PAINTS, DYES, ETC. Caws Ink & Pen Co., New York; writ- ing ink. Egyptian Lacquer Manufactming Co., Tiie, New York; lacquers, lacquers for metal. Hebbenwhite Manufacturing Co., Buf- falo; stove polish. International Ultramarine Works (Lim- ited), New York; ultramarine blue. Johns, H. W., Manufacturing Co., New York; paints, colors, wood stains. Miller, The Frank, Co., New York; har- ness dressing, oils, blacking, fly net dress- ing, axle oil and carriage dressing. GEOUP S9. TYPEWRITERS, PAPEE, STATIONERY. American Paper Pail and Box Co., New York; folding paper boxes. Ai'abol Mfg. Co., New York; pastes. Bartholemae, H., & Co., New York; wall paper. Beck, Frederick, & Co., New York; wall paper. Beck, Frederick, & Co., New York; pressed wall paper hangings with silk face, Lincrusta Walton. Blickensderfer Mfg. Co., New York; typewriting machines. Blickensderfer Mfg. Co., New York; small typewriting machines. Book "Typewriter Co., Rochester; Book typewriter. Craffdall ^lachine Co., Groton; type- writer copy holder. Columbia Typewriter !Mfg. Co., New York; the bar lock typewriter. Cyclostyle Co., New York; the Neo- style duplicating apparatus, the Cyclo- style, the- Neostyle stand, cabinet and process of duplicjiting typewriting. Franklin Mfg. Co., Rochester; lumber, oil and lithographic crayons. Graves, Robert, & "Co., New York; wall paper. 10 Hake, Ph., Mfg. Co., New York; ball programmes, party and wedding invita- tions. Little, A. P., Rochester; American impression books, tjpewriter carbons. National Wall Paper Co., New York; artistic pavilion of National Wall Paper Co. National Wall Paper Co., New York; w.all paper, Lincrusta Walton, artistic display. Nevius & Haviland, New York; wall paper. Office Specialty Mfg. Co., Rochester; letter files, docmnent files, cabinets, rapid roller copier, metallic vault fui'- uiture. Parks, Anna M., Albany; perforating machine. Rogers Manifold ami Carbon Paper Co., New York; manifold paper, carbon paper, typewriter ribbons. Rogers Manifold and Carbon Paper Co., New York; stylus. Rockwell &. Rupel Co., Rochester; typewriter ribbons, light office supplies. ShattuckPen Co., New York; fountain pens. 554 ISTew Yoek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Smith, S. F., & Co., New York; type- writer supplies. Standard Paiut Co., New York; insulat- ing waterproof paper. Thompsou-Norris Co., Brooldyu; cor- rugated paper. Tiffany & Co., New York; fine sta- tionery, writing paper, cards. New York; New York; Warren, Fuller, & Co., wall paper. Waterman, L, E., & Co, Ideal fountain pens. Wells Mfg. Co., Syracuse; cabinet let- ter files. Williams Typewriter Co., Brooklyn; tyj)e writers, check punches. GROUP 90. — fuenituee. Associated Artists, New York; color study, fighting dragons, woven. Associated Artists, New York; gold embroidered jiortiere, Japanese wall ■ hanging embroidered, gold embroidery on cloth. Associated Artists, New York; needle- work tapestry (Algerian boy), textiles, shadow silk. Bach, Jlrs. Isaac, New York; cover inlaid with cloth. Buffalo Brass and Iron Bedstead Co., Buffalo; iron bedstead. Herts Brothers, New York; furniture, decorations, draperies. Jausen, Edward, New York; apart- ments with walls and ceilings decorated, apartments furnished complete, reed and rattan furniture. Klaber, S., & Co., New York; mantels, tables, cabinets, pedestals. Keith, Dora Wheeler, New York: lib- rary ceiling. Keith, Dora Wheeler, New York; tap- estry needlework (Birth of Psyche), color study in darned embroider}', needlework tapestry (Twilight). Lyman, Anna, New York; picture, panel in needlework, tapestry azalia curtain. Marks Adjustable Folding Chair Co., New York; five adjustable folding- chairs. Neal, Sarah C, New York; portable crib. Nevius & Haviland, New York; shade roller. Sargent Mfg. Co., New York; revolv- ing book case, book racks. Schlesinger, Wiessner & Co., New York; wash stands, settees, chairs, child's chair, tables, invalid chairs. Scbwarzwaelder, Wm., New York; seven roll-top desks. Singer Mfg. Co., New York; sewing machine cabinets, sewing and embroidery, artistic furnishings, upholstering. Smith, B. & AV. B., New York; wall and counter cases, counters, specialties in bent glass cases, office and store furniture. Sypher & Co., New York; sixteenth centmy tapestries, cabinet with porcelain placques, rare specimens of sixteenth and seventeenth centur}' carved oak furniture, antique porcelain. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co, , New York; part of a suite of furniture, inlaid table of wood and pearl, church banner, vestments, mitre and cape, a new waj' of making doors of metal and glass, a new mantel hood, a dark room and a light room furnished and decorated, a table of oak, a table of wood and pearl, dooi's of metal and glass, colored glass windows for domestic use, two ceilings, one dark and one light. Tiffan}- Glass and Decorating Co., New York; furnishings and glass works, do- mestic and ecclesiastical decorations, memorials, chairs of new design never before used in furniture. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; portieres of leather decorated with metal printed curtains. Wheeler, Mrs. Caudace, New York; decorations and furnishings for library. Wheeler, Mrs. Caudace, New York; brocades. GEOUP 91. CEEAMICS AND MOSAICS. Burlock, Mrs. F. A., New York; plates, bonbonnieres, rose jar. Celadon Terra Cotta Co., Alfred Cen- ter ; roofing and siding tiles, terra cotta. Cook, Miss S. E., Waterloo; ro.se jar, trays. ■ Dexter, Mrs. E. A. , New York ; after dinner coffee pot. ^- D wight, Minnie T., New York; decorated china. Garbarino, Clotildc, New York; fish plates. Onondaga Potterj' Co., Syracuse; translucent china. Richard, Mrs. C. F. , Buffalo ; painted china. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York ; tesseriE hood for mantel, picture panel of Pan, fireplace, mantel, etc. GEOUP 92. MAEBLE MANTELS, ETC. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; a mantel in marble (mosaic metal), baptistry pulpit, marble and mosaic altar in marble and gold, candlestick of Connemara. Awards ix ^fAXUFACTURES Depaetment. 555 GROUP 93. ART METAL WORK. Emerson, Miss S. H., New York ; Normandy copper jug, brass jar with co\X'r. Power, ilaurice .J., New York: bronze statues, bronze reliefs, bronze busts. Tiffany & Co., New York ; niello work, Champ leve enamels. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York ; tabernacle door in gold filagree, two table lamps in gold and cop- per filagree, hanging lamps, two altar crosses in gold, candlesticks. Van Kuyck, Jliss Pauline, New York ; photo frame, repousse work. GEOrP 91.— GLASS AND GLASSWAEE. Hoare, .J., & Co., Corning; glassware, rock crystal cutting, cut glass, engraved glass, Strauss. L,,ifcSons, New York: artistic display of cut glassware, collective dis- play of cut glassware, candelabra twelve feet high of cut glass, Columbus punch set (cut glass), large drug bottles (cut glass), epergues. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York ; reredos panel, mosaic in glass, altar, reredos, pedella. GROrP 9.5. DECORATIVE STAINED GLASS. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New- York; lectern, pictiu-e panel, pulpit, chui'ch windows of American glass, domestic colored glass windows. GRorp 96.— Tiffany & Co., New York ; glass sculptured, engraved, mounted in silver; metal carvings; chiseling in gold and sil- ver; ornamental, carved and stained ivory. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New CARTING. York; two tables, chairs and settee; sculptured and engraved table lamp. Yanderpoel, Mrs. E. N., New York; carved box. GROUP - GOLD AND SILTEEWAEE. Diepenbrock t% Uchtman, New York; gold and silk embroidered church vest- ments, military and society banners. Diepenbrock & Uchtman, New York; military and society flags. Manhattan Silver Plate Co.. Lyons; electroplated gold hollow vrare. Manhattan Silver Plate Co.. Lyons; electroplated gold-and silverware, hollow ware. Manhattan Silver Plate Co., Lyons; artistic display. GEorp 98.- Bell ifc Barber, New York; pyrites jew- elry and ornaments. iirown's Amber Mfg. Co., New York; amber jewelry, pipe and cigar holders. Brown's Amber Mfg. Co., New York; bric-a-brac. Canini, J. A., Saratoga Springs; jew- elry, mosaic jewelry, gold, silver with turquoise, coral jewelry. GEOUP 99.- Bundy Mfg. Co., Binghamton; auto- matic time recorder. Bundy Mfg. Co., Binghamton; watch- man's electric clock. Self ■\Vindinn: Clock Co.. New York; self-winding clocks, method of time dis- tribuiion by electricity, electric chimes in church tower. Tiffany & Co., New York; silver table ware, plates, salvers, candelabra, gold and silverware, gilt ware for table decora- tions, knives, forks and spoons, fancy articles, silver spoons, cane heads, mixed metals, moxunii inlaid enameled, plated ware on hard nickel .silver base. Tiffany & Co., New York; damascen- ing of gold and silver on iron, etching on decarbonized steel. - JEWELRY. 'Favre, Leon, New York; ivory minia- tures Tiffany & Co., New York; gold orna- ments, rings, chains, bracelets, necklaces, fliamonds, colored gems, rubies, sap[)hires fancy stones, diamond cutting, rubies and fancy stones, agate, jade, rock crystal. HOEOLOGT. Self Winding Clock Co., New York; automatic signal clocks, sub-marine clocks, self-winding marine striking movement, self-winding synchronizing clocks Tiffany ifc Co., New York; watch cases, clocks, astronomical time keepers. 556 New Yoek at the World's Columbian Espositiom-. (JEOUP 100. SILKS. American Silk Label Co., New York; woven labels and book marks. Blumenthal, A. S., New York; silk ribbons. Castle Braid Co., New York; braids, covered buttons, dress trimmings, silk cords. Cutter, Jobn D., & Co., New York; spool silks, plain dress silks, fancy dress silks. Dexter, Lambert & Co., New York; dress silks, silk ribbons. Doherty & Wads worth. New York; silk ribbons, dress goods, crepes. Elwood. B. E. & E., Port Plain; silk dress goods. Empire Silk Co., The, New York; silk dress goods. Hamil & Booth, New York; figured silk dress goods. Hitchcock & Meding Co., New York; satin damask, brocatelles, ribbons, dress and tie silks. Hitchcock & Meding Mfg. Co., New York; silk grenadines, silk nun's veils. Jennings Lace Works, The, New York laces, gloves, mitts and veils. Johnson, Cowdin & Co., New York .silk ribbons. Kayser, Julius, & Co., New Yoi'k mitts, gloves. Levy Brothers, New York; silk ribbons. Liberty Silk Co., New York; dress silks. Pelgram & Mayer, New York; dress silks, silk ribbons. Redmond, Flora V., New York; thirteen samples printed silks. Rhenania Mills, College Point; silk velvet ribbons. Robertson, Wm., New York; uphol- stery silks, silk curtains. Stearns, John N., & Co., New York; figured and plain silks. Strange, Wm., Co., New York; silk ribbons, dress goods, serges, linings Sutro Bros. Braid Co., New York; trimming braid. ■ Trevor, Wm., New York; silk cravats, silk ties, silk handkerchiefs. GEODP 101. VEGETABLE FABEICS. Johns, H. W., Mfg. Co., New York; asbestos material, roofing sheathing, steam pipe and boiler coverings, packing cloth, cement. Pantasote Leather Co., New York; upholstery. Pantasote Leather Co., New York; pocket books, screens, friezes and dados, substitute for mural work. Potter, Thos., Sons & Co., New York; oil cloths, linoleums, light weight oil cloth. Tannette Mfg. Co.. ISTew York; leather imitations for furuiture, wall decorations and carriages. GEOUP 102.— COTTONS AND LINENS. Garner & Co., New York; printed cot- ton goods, calicoes, percales, lawns. Garner & Co., New York; ducks, sateens and Henriettas, turkey red prints. Downer, Lisa De F., New York; linen table cloth spun in 1893. New York Mills, The, New York; New York Mills extra improved primus inter- pares challenge cottons; shirtings of su- perior quality and evenness of thread and manufacture; New York Mills extra heavy sheetings, superior qualit}', weight and evenness of manufacture; New York Mills camlet jean, color and quality (for south- ern use), for men and women ; cassimeres, superior quality, design and color (for men's wear); twilled jeans, jeans for drawers, shirtings, ginghams, cotton goods. Singer Manufacturing Co., New York; curtains. Standard Oil Co., Troy; lamp, stove and torch wicks. Thompson, James, & Co., New York; twines, buckram. GEOUP 103. WOOLEN GOODS. American Loop Fabric Co., Brooklyn; blankets, carriage and steamer robes, traveling rugs, horse blankets, afghans. Allen, L. L., &Bros., Rochester; dr^ss goods, linings. Allen, L. L. nels. Appletou Woolen Mills, Appleton Mills; paper makers, felts, cassimeres. Auburn Woolen Co., Auburn; woolen clotli. & Bros. , Rochester; flan- Conde, Switz, New York; knitting fab- rics, knitting novelties. Canoga Woolen Co., Auburn; woolen cloth. Dolge, Alfred, Dolgeville; felt goods; boots, shoes and slippers made of same. Empire Woolen Mills, Clayville; Avoolea cassimeres, worsted coatings and suit- ings. French & Ward. New York; eider-down blankets, eider-down fabrics. Awards ix MANrFACTrREs Department. 55^ Globe TVoolen Co., Utica ; worsted coating and suitings, beavers, cassimeres. Jaeger's, Dr., Sanitary Woolen S3"stem Co., Xew York; underwear, wearing ap- parel, blankets, bedding. McFarland Co., Tlie. Amsterdam; woolen knit underwear. Waterloo Woolen Jlills Co., Waterloo; broadcloths. Waterloo Woolen Mills Co., 'Waterloo; woolen shawls. GEOUP lOi. CLOTHING AND COSTUJIES. Alder, Jacob, & Co., New York; gloves. Allen, John C, Gloversville; kid gloves, mittens. Altman Summer IS^eekwear Co., Xew York; summer neckwear. Bastable & Mannigan. New York; overcoats. Beattv, C. F., New York; gold metal leaf. ■ Brill Brothers, New York; dress shirts. Brooklyn Shield Co., Brooklj-n; dress shields. Burt, Edwin C, & Co., New York; boots, shoes and slippers, Cluett, Coon & Co.. Troy; general ex- hibit of collars, cuffs and shirts. Curtis. H. C, Co., Troy; collars, cuffs, shirts. Delsarte Corset Co., New York; chil- dren's waists, bust corsets. Dempster & Place. Gloversville; gloves. Dempster & Place, Gloversville; mittens. Doll, Edwin N., New York; Tuxedo coat, silk vest. Dryfoos, L., & Co., New York; silk shirts. Excelsior Fur and Glove Sewing Ma- chine Co., New York; sewing machines for gloves. Ford, C. P., ifc Co., New York, welts, shoes. Foster, Paul & Co., New Y'ork; artis- tic display. Foster, Paul & Co., New York; kid gloves. Gardner, John, Brooklyn ; shoes and slippers. Haley, C. J., & Co., New Y'ork; hose supporters. Hanan & Son, New York ; boots and shoes. Harvey Fastening Co., New York; overgaiter fastener. HoopJe, Wm. Howard, New York; strip welting, How.ird, J. Imogen. New York; hand- mule children's dresses. Hull & Co.. Poughkeep.sie; pantaloons. Hull & Co., Poughkeepsie; process of manufacture from the raw wool to the finished trousers. Jaros Hygienic Underwear Co., New York; liy.iiienic underwear. Knox. E. M., New York; silk hats, stiff hats, soft hats. Knox, E. M., New York; straw hats. Knox, E. M., New Y'ork; ladies' riding hats, napper hats. Lattemann, J. J., Shoe Mfg. Co.. New York; boots. Lehmanu, Chas. F.. Brooklyn; military helmets of cork, police helmets of cork, society helmets of cork. JIayer, Strouse & Co., New York; corsets. Merwin, Berkley R., New York; cut- away frock suit, sack suit. Tuxedo suits. Millen, E., & Co., New York; pajama suits, fancy night shirts. Millen, E., & Co., New Y'ork; dress shirts. Mills, S. J., Rochester; dress waists of silk. Mitch'41. John J.. The, Co., New York; fashion plates of men's garments. MuUer, A. F., New York; ladies' riding habits. Northrup Glove Co. , Johnstown; gloves. Patterson, John, & Co. New York; queens', state, grooms' and waiters' livery. Self Threading Sewing Machine Co., New York; sewing machines. Seybel, F. W., New York; ladies' felt hats, ladies' straw hats. Siegel Brothers, New York; ladies' mus- lin underwear. Singer Mfg. Co., New York; machines. Singer machines with reciprocjiting shut- tle movement. Singer sewing machine oscillating movement. Singer se^^ing ma- chine single thread chain stich. Stiehl. C. H., & Co., New York; children's headwear. Tracy. Harriet R., New Y'ork; sewing machine products. Tracy, Harriet R., New York; sewing machines. Twy effort, E., New York ; morning hunting coat, waistcoat, breeches. United Shirt and Collar Co., Troy; la- dies' collars, cuffs, shirts and chemisettes. Van Orden Corset Co., New Y'ork; corsets. Van Orden Corset Co., New York; manufactured corsets. Vredenburgh & Brooks. New York; D. B. frock coat. D. B. waistcoat, trousers. Weiss. Julius C. it Co.. New York; dress stiit. driving overcoat, AVessman, J. P , New York; overcoat. Williams Mfg. Co.. Plattsburgh; sew- ing machines for family and light manu- facturing 558 New Yokk at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. GEOUP 105. FDES. Gunther's, C. G., Sons, New York; manufactured furs, manufactured skins, inouuted animals, stuffed animals, trim- mings, caps, boas, muffs, capes, robes, rugs, Russian sable tail garment, eagle banner, natural beaver robe, ermine cloak. Gunther's, C. G., Sons, New York; hunters' and sportsman's furs, broad tail mantellette, chinchilla mantellette. Shayne, C. C, New York; furs. Shaj-ne, C. C, New York; sable mantle, mink mantle. Treadwell, Geo. C, & Co., Albany, dressing for seal furs, dyeing for seal furs, capes. GKODP 106. LACES, EMBKOIDEEIES, ETC. Associated Artists, New York; tapestry. Associated Artists, New York; color study, portiere, etc. Associated Artists, New York; Japanese wall hanging, gold embroidery on gold cloth. Associated Artists, New York; tapes- try needlework ("Algerian Boy"), tex- tiles, group of shadow silks. Associated Artists, New York; cotton velvets. Carter, Mrs. Esther, New York; Flem- ish lace curtain (white), Venetian trim- ming for scarf. Clark, H. P., Springfield Centre; em- broidery. Cole, Miss Agues, New York; ecclesi- astical and other embroidery. Crotty & Mitchell, New York; dress stays. Decorating Artists, Society of. New York; bed-spread, Italian, etc.. Renais- sance; panel, head of Madonna, solid em- broider}' in silk. Decorating Artists, Society of. New York; gold embroidery, velvet bags. Downer, Mrs. Frederick W., New York; hand-made lace scarf. Excelsior Quilting Co., New York; fancy stitchings and quiltings of linings. Gerschal, Victor, New York ; pearl buttons. Gibson, S. Meta, New York; art needlework. Hampton, Mrs. Henry, Poughkeepsie; yellow roses, center piece, linen. Hadley, Sara, New York; hand-made lace. Hollingsworth, Mrs. J., Penn Yan ; table cover. Howard, J. Imogen, for Afro-Ameri- can exhibit of New York State Board; ecclesiastical and other embroidery. Hiller, M. L., & Sons, New York; shoe trimmings. Keith, Dora Wheeler, New York; tap- estry needlework (" Birth of Psyche"). Kreamer, T. R., Steinway; art embroid- ery and painting. Lamb, j. & R. , New York ; frame with ecclesiastical embroidery. Lyman, Anna, New York ; picture panel in needlework, etc. New England "Whalebone Mfg. Co,, New York; stays. New England Whalebone Mfg. Co../ New York; dress bones. New York State Board of Women Managers, New York; collection of miniatures. Nichols, Rhoda Holmes, New York ; piece of hand-made lace. Ogden, Miss Lucy, New York ; em- broidery. Peters, Mrs. M. A., New York; shore piece embroidered on satin. Petit, Julie Emma, New York; crochet spread and shams. Preston, Mrs. R. W., Brooklyn; cro- chet counterpane brown thread, crochet pillow cover. Ryerson, Mi,ss N. C, New York; tapestry, " Summer." Singer Mfg. Co., The, New York; laces, art embroidery, needlework, tapestries, machine work. Stevens, Mary D., New York; frame with embroidered angel. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. , New York ; lectern work, embroidering in gold and silks, leather table cover of perforated embroidery, precious mitre in needlework applique. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York ; orphrej'ed mitre in pure needle- work of gold, chasuble in gold applique, cape of velvet and embroidery. Wheeler, Mrs. Candace, New York ; brocades. GEO UP 107.«^ TOILET ARTICLES. India Rubber Comb Co., New York; combs, brushes. GEO0P 108. TRAVELING EQUIPMENTS. DeMuth. Wm., New York; artistic dis- DeMuth, Wm., & Co., New York; smokers' articles, meerschaum pipes mounted with amber, metal show figures. play of pipes and smokers' articles. Hacker, J. C, New York; bags. AwAEDS IN ManUFACTUEES DEPARTMENT. 559 Tiffany & Co., New York; iiiubixUas, j vulises, dress suit cases, lumd bags, toilet canes, fancy bags, pouches, card cases, I articles, leather of animals, birds, reptiles, portfolios, silverware and jewelry cases, I fishes. GROUP 109. RUBBER GOODS. The India Rubber Comb Co., New York; hard rubber goods, soft rubber goods. GROUP 110.- Estes, E. B., & Sons, New Y'ork; turned wooden boxes. Jansen, Edward, New York; novelties in basket work, reed chairs, tables, stools TOYS AND FANCY ARTICLES. and ottomans, rattan chairs, stools and ottomans. Pia, Peter F., New York; pewter toys. Rice & Hochster, New York; tortoise shell articles. GROUP 111. LEATHER GOODS. Barnet, J. S., & Bro., New York; finished leather. Fayerweather & Ladew, New York ; belting and sole leather. Hauselt, Chas., New York ; glazed kid. Johnstone & Buckley, New York ; weltin.t; and welting leather. Levor, shoe kid Moffat, Gustav, Gloversville ; patent David, & Co., New York ; har- ness leather. Weed, James B., ii Co., Binghamton ; finished leather. GROUP 112. SCALES AND MEASURES. Buffalo Scale Co., Buffalo; combina- tion beam for hay scales. Dormant scales, reverse acting meat beam, Columbian scale, Boston platform, faucj' latch for platform scales, patent Boston market scales, patent testing machine. National Meter Co., Brooklyn ; water meters. Neptune Meter Co., New Ywk ; water meters. Springer Torsion Balance Co., New York ; scales and balances, Thomson Meter Co., Brooklyn; water meters. Worthiugton, H. R., Co. , New York; water, oil and molasses meters. GROUP 113. — ■ MATERIAL OF WAR. Bannerman, Francis, New York ; repeating shot guns and rifles, riot guns. Burgess Gun Co., Buffalo ; sporting and hunting firearms. Emerson, Chas. H., Whitehall; boomerang. Lefever Arms Co., Syracuse; auto- matic hammerless guns. Lefever Arms Co., Syracuse ; ejector. Remington Arms Co., Ilion ; military and sporting firearms. GROUP 11-1. LIGHTING APPARATUS. HohenstelU; H., New York; candles and sundries, lamp and candle shades of silk, linen and paper. Rochester Lamp Co., New York ; lamps, lamp shades and appurtenances, artistic display. Steatn Gauge Lantern Co., Syracuse ; lamps, lanterns. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York ; sanctuary lights of silver and copper, of new and artistic design ; a metallo-mother of pearl electrolier, novel in form and artistic in design ; a church electrolier of great size, glass and metal. 115. ■HEATING AND GROUP Abendroth Brothers, New York; hot water heaters. Consolidated Car Heating Co., Albany; electric heaters. Cortland Howe Ventilating Stove Co., Cortland*, heating stoves. Downer, Lisa de Forest, New York; patent mop pail. Gorton & Lidgerwood Co., New York; house heating boilers. COOKING APPARATUS. Howard Thermostat Co., Syracuse; automatic damper regulators. Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; anti- burning bottom fill- sheet metal kitchen utensils, galvanized articles for household purposes, rotary ash sifter. Jackson, E. A., & Bros., New York; grates. Kelsey Furnace Co., Syracuse; warm air furnace. 560 ISTew Toek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. Lawton, Mrs. J. il., ISI'ew York; maize grater. Pease, J. J., Furnace Co., Syracuse; hot water furnaces, hot air and steam heaters. Ronalds & Co., New York; range boilers. Stroud, James, New York; self-basting roasting pans. Troemner, Henry, New York; coffee mills. Tut tie & Bailey Mfg. Co., New York; warm air registers, veutilators. Warner, J. W., Oneida; hot water heaters, steam heating boilers. GROUP 116, METAL WARE. Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; tinned, galvanized and enamelled household or kitchen steel soda fountains, rotary ash sifters, utensils, cold handles. Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; soda fountains, enamelled sheet metal ware. Mathews, John, App. Co., New York- soda water apparatus and all fixings. GROUP 117. WIRE GOODS. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New York; glass and metal lathe work for windows, etc. GROUP 118. WROUGHT IRON GOODS. Bayer & Scherbner, New York; | York; wrought copper lamp, fire screen, -vi'ought iron grills, andirons. wrought silver lamp. Tilfauy Glass and Decorating Co., New | GROUP 119. HARDWARE, SAFES, ETC. augers, bits, drawing knives, saws, planes, carpenters' tools. Kearney & Foot Co., New York; files and rasps. May dole, David, Hammer Co. , Norwich; hammers. Stafford, N., Norwich; Stafford coin registering bank. Bard.sley, James, New Y'ork ; spring hinges and door knobs. Bohannau, Wiisoif, Brooklj'u; locks, padlocks, switch locks, door looks, handles and night latches. ' Bommer Bros., Buooklyn; spiral spring hinges. Cary Safe Co. (.Limited), Buffalo; safes. Jennings, C. E., & Co., New York; GROUP |120. — ^ PLUMBING AND SANITARY MATERIALS. Alberene Stone Co., New York; Al- berene stone laundry tubs, sanitary and plumbing specialties. Iron Clad Mfg. Co., New York; riveted galvanized range boilers, welded gal- vanized boilers (range). GROUP 121. MISCELLANEOUS. Co. Syracuse; dis- New York; Campbell Cutlery play trays. ; Cushman & Denison pocket files. ' Dostie. Mrs. G. W., Johnstown; dress cutting system. ' Improved Cloak Rack Co., New York; revolving cloak stand. Iron Clad Manufacturing Co., New York; sheet metal tubular or hollow rives. McDowell Co., The, New York; small " brass machine for drafting garments to take the place of tailor scfuare. » JIcDowell Co. . Tl/e, New York; small machine for drafting men's garments. Oswego Indui-ated Fibre Co., Oswego; laundry trays, batli tubs, sinks and lava- tories made of indurated fibre ware. Stewart Ceramic Co., New York; solid white ei'ockery, stationary wash tubs, bath tubs. New York; Major, A., Cement Co.. leather and rubber cement. North American Phonograph Co., New York; phonographs. Palmenberg's, J. R., Sons, New York; display of fixtures and forms. Queen Silver Polish Co., New York; silver polish. Rod well Manufacturing Co., Buffalo; stamps and gilded sign letters. Safford, N., Bufl'alo; signs. Tiffany & Co., New York; medals struck b_y Tiffany. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., New- York; church furniture of all kinds in marble, plaster, metal, etc., a statue of Blessed Virgin, etc. The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully compared with the records of this department and is correct. F. R. GAMMON, March 24, 1894. Chief of the Departmentof Manvfactures. I AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT J, ELECTRICITY. GEOUP 122. — Geueral Electric Co., New York 760 — Trausformcrs. ILLTJSTEATIVE APPARATUS. ; class I Walte it Bartlett Manufacturing Co., j New York; class 757 — Holtz iuduction I machine. GEOUP 123. MEASUBING APPARATUS. General Electric Co., New York; class I Greeley. E. S., & Co., New York: class 764 — Recording wattmeter, Thomson. | 761 — Electrical testing instruments. GEOUP 12i. BATTERIES. class I Leclanche Battery Co., The, New York; , class A — Batteries for open circuits (volt and cylinder cells). Vetter, J. C, & Co., New York; class A — Dry Leclanche battery. Bunnell. J. H., & Co., New York: A — Standard dry battery. Edison Mauufacfuring Co., New York; class A — Edison La Lande battery. Greeley, E. S., & C'o., New York; class A — Exeter dry battery. GROUP 125. DYNAMICAL ELECTRICITY. Excelsior Electric Co., New York; I constant potential; class 766 — Dynamos, class 766 — Dynamos, direct constant cur- : direct constant current, for series arc rent, for series arc lighting. j lighting; class 767 — Dynamos, alternat- General Electric Co., New York; class | ing current, constant potential. 765 — Dynamos and motors, direct current, | GROUP 126. TRANSMISSION" OF CURRENT. Brixey, "W. R, New York; class 769 — a. Insulated wires, high grade; b. Rubber insulating tape. Electrical Conduit Co., New York; class 771 — Underground conduit for elec- trical wires. General Electric Co., New York; class 769 — a. Eccentric coil ammeter: fj. Asta- tic bar ammeter; class 770 — k. Lightning arresters. Thomson, h. Automatic cir- cuit breaker; class 771 — Underground electric tube system, India Rubber Comb Co., New York; class 769 — Hard rubber insulating material. Interior Conduit & Insulating Co., New York; class 769 — Snap switches; class 771 — Complete system for interior con- duits for electrical wires. Johns, H. AY., Manufacturing Co., New York; class 769 — Insulating materi- als (vulcabeston and moulded mica). New York Insulated Wire Co.. New York; class 769 — Insulated wires (high grade). Norwich Insulated Wire Co. , New York ; class 769 — Wire insulated with paper. . Okouite Co., New York; class 769 — a. Insulated wires (high grade): b. Lead covered cables. Standard Paint Co., New York; class 769 — Insulating compound liquid (P. & B.). Vetter, J. C, & Co., New York; class 769 — Current adapter socket. GROUP 127. ELECTRIC MOTORS. C. & C. Electric Motor Co., New York; class 778 — Electric motors, direct cur- rent, constant potential. Otis Bros. & Co., New York; class 773 — Electric motors, direct current, constant potential, with control devices. GEOUP 12S. C. & C. Electric Motor Co.. New York; class 776 — Electric motors, directly con nected to fans and blowers. Electric Launch & Navigation Co., New York; class 776 — Electriclaunches. 71 \PPLICATION OF MOTORS. General Electric Co., New York; class 775 — a. Electric street railway system; /;. Electric elevated railway system; c. Electric locomotives for service in mines; d. Electric locomotives for shifting and 562 Xew York at the World's Coldmbian Exposition. general railroad services; class 776 — a. Electric hoisting apparatus; b. Electri- cally driven ventilating apparatus; c. Electrically driven rock working machiu- eiy; d. Electrically driven pumping ma- chinery. Otis Bros. & Co., New York; class 776 — Electrically driven pump. GEOUP 129. ELECTEIC LIGHTING. Excelsior Electric Co., New York; class 778 — Arc lamps for direct current circuits. Friiik, J. P., New York; class 779 — Screen reflectors for incandescent lamps. General Electric Co., New York; class 778 — n. Arc lamps for constant potential circuits; c. Search lights; b. Arc lamps for constant current circuits; d. Orna- mental lamp posts: e. Switch boards for arc light circuits; class 779 — a. Appli- ances used in incandescent lighting; c. Incandescent lamps; b. Complete collec- tion of incandescent lamps; class 779A — a. Electricall}' illuminated fountains; b. Incandescent lamps used in the decoration of rooms and other structures. General Incandescent Arc Light Co., New York; class 778 — Arc lamps for constant potential circuits. GEOUP 131. ELECTEO-METALLUEGY. Ringler, class 784- faced. F. A., & Co., New York; - Half-tone electrotypes, steel Zucker & Levett, New York; class 785 — Collection of chemicals, etc., used in electro-plating. GEOUP 133. TELEGRAPH AND ELECTRIC SIGNALS. Brixey, W. R, New York; class 790— j Telegraph and telephone cables (under- ground, aerial and submarine). Bunnell, J. H., New York; class 790 — Telegraph apparatus. Commercial Cable Co., New York; class 790 — a. Cuttrifes' telegraph appa- ratus for ocean cable services; b. Work- ing model of the ocean telegraph, using Muirhead's artificial resistances. Electric Selector & Signal Co., New York; class 796 — System of electrical se- lection and individual control. Gamewell Fire Alarm & Police Tele- graph Co., New York; class 794 — Fire alarm telegraph s_ystem. Greeleyl E. S., & Co., New York; class 790 — Telegraph apparatus. Western Union Telegraph Co., New York; class 790 — Quadruplex telegraph apparatus. GEOUP 135. SCIENTIFIC ELECTEICITT. Waite & Bartlett Mfg. Co., New York; class 809 — Special faradic apparatus. GEAUP 137. HISTOEY AND STATISTICS. General Electric Co., New York; class 816 — Collection of historical electrical apparatus. "Electrical Engineer," New York; class 816 — Original model of Davenport's electric railway. GEOUP 138a. PEOGEESS AND DEVELOPMENT OF ELECTEIOAL SCIENCE. General Electric Co., New York; class J — Engine dynamos; class N — Three phase sj'Stem of power transmission; class P — a. Edison feeder system for the dis- tribution of electrical energy; b. Edison three- wire system for the distribution of electrical energy. Phelps, A. H., Glens Falls; class C — Apparatus for electro thermogravure of glass, etc. The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully compared with the records of this department, and is correct. W. E. ANDERSON, May 26, 1894. In cliurge of Department of Electricity. AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK STATE EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT K, FINE ARTS. Adams. Herbert, Brooklyn. — Portrait bust of a lady (marble); Prlmavera (mar- ble bust); St. Agnes' Eve (plaster bust, colored). Ehvell, F. Edwin, Xew York. — Charles Dickens and Little Nell (bronze). GEOtlP 139. SCULPTURE. Niehaus. C. H., Ne"^ York. — Historical door for Trinity Churcu (plaster); Athlete (plaster). Rogers, John, New York. — Statue of Abraham Lincoln, seated (plaster). Ruckstuhl, F. Wellington, New York. — Evening (marble). GKOUP 140. OIL PAINTINGS. Blashfield, Edwin H., New York.— The Angel with the Flaming Sword; Christ- mas Bells; portrait. Brush, George do Forest, New York, — Mother and Child; The Head Dress; The Indian and the Lily; The Sculptor and the King. Church, F. S., New York.— Knowl- edge is Power; The Viking'.s Daughter. Cox, Kenj'on, New York. — Painting and Poetry; An Eclogue; Diana; The Pursuit of tlie Ideal; Music; Echo; May; portrait of L. H. K. ; A Solo; portrait of St. Gaudens; Flying Shadows; portrait of Roger D. Curran, Charles C, New York. — Winter ilorning in a Barn}'ard; Salle de la Venus de Milo; Sealing the Letter; The Ii'isBed; Early Morning in June; A Winter Fog; A Cabbage Garden; Under the Awning; A Dream; A Breezy Day; A Corner in a Barnyard. Dewing, T. W. , New York. — Summer Twihght; AMu.sician; A Lady in Blue; a portrait; a portrait; portrait of W. M. Chase; The Days. Donoho, G. Ruger, New York. — La Marcellerie; Explorers. Foster, Ben., New York. — First Days in Spring; The Returning Flock; AMaine Hillside; In Fontainebleau Forest. Gaul, Gilbert, New York. — Charging the Battery; Silenced. Hassam, Childe, New York. — Autumn Landscape, On the Way to the Grand Prix; ^lidsuramer Morning; Cab Station, Rue Bonaparte; A Snowy Daj' on Fifth Avenue; Indian Summer. Hitchcock, George, New York. — Tulip Culture; The Scarecrow. Johnson, Eastman, New York. — Por- trait of Dr. JlcCosh; The Nantucket School of Philosophy; The Cranberry Harvest, portrait of a girl; Two Men; My Portrait; life size portrait. - Spring; -Rent Jones, H. Bolton, New York The Flax Breaker. Kappes, Alfred, New Yoi'k Day; Tattered and Torn. Kendall, Wm. Sargent, New York. — The Glory of Fair Promise; Saint Yves Prajf for Us. Mcllhenny, C. Morgan, Shrub Oak. — On the Beach. Mowbray, H. Siddons, New York. — The Rose Harvest ; Arcadia ; Schehera- zade; Evening Breeze. Murphy, J, Francis, New York. — No- vember Grays; The Hazy Morn. Palmer, Walter L.. Albany. — Autumn ilorning; Mist Clearing Away; An Early Snow; January. Picknell, Wm. L., New York.— Sun- day Morning; Early Morning; The Road to Concarneau. Piatt, Charles A.. New York. — Winter Landscape; Early Spring. Reid, Robert, New York. — Vision of St. Angela d'Agnant; The Red Flower; portrait of little Jliss S.; Her First Born. Robinson, Theodore, New York. — The Layette; Winter; A Roman Fountain. Simmons, Edward E., New York. — Early Moonlight, Baj' St. Ives; Darby and Joan; The Carpenter's Son. Tha_yer, Abbott H., Scarboro. — Virgin Enthroned; portrait of a lady; Brother and Sister. Tiffany, Louis C, New York. — Market at Nuremburg; Pottery Market at Wurtzberg. Tryon, D. W., New York.— Autumn Sunset at Sea; Rising Moon, Autumn Springtime; Morning;- Starlight; Night October; Winter Evening; The Rising Moon; A Winter Afternoon; A Salt Marsh, December; Daybreak, New Bedford Harbor. Turner, C. Y., New York.— The Cop- persmith; John Alden's Letter; 'The Days 564 New Toek at the "World's Columbiait Exposition. that ai-e no More; Saw Wood and Say Nothing; Pride of the Farm; Washing Day; The Grand Canal, Dordrecht; Court- ship of Miles Standish; Afternoon Tea; Gossips: On the Beach, Easthampton. Wallier, Henry O., New York. — Hagar and Ishmael; Boy on a Donkey; The Gift Bearers. Walker, Horatio, New York. — A Stable Interior. Weir, J. Alden, New York. — Summer^ land; The Christmas Tree; Autumn; The Young Student; portrait; The Lane; The Open Book; portrait of Webb Weir; por- trait of Admiral Farragut. Wiles, Irving R., New York. — Sun- light in the Studio; portrait; Sunshine and Flowers; The Sonata; A Lady in Green; A Girl in Black. GEOUP 141. WATER COLORS. Franzen, August, New York. — After- noon; Before the Rain, Hassam, Chikle, New York.— Mont- martre; Springtime iu the City; Fifth Avenue; The Rain. Lampert, Emma E., Rochester, N. Y. — A Bread Winner; Through the Meadows in Holland. McChesney, Clara T., New York.— Still Life; The Old Cobbler. Mcllhenny, C. Morgan, Shrub Oak. — Moonrise; Bull Calf; Old Friends. Nichols, Rhoda H., New York. — Chrysanthemums; Washing Day. Sherwood, Rosina E., New York. — September; In the Orchard; Sunlight in the Orchard. Smedley, W. T., New York.— " There could be no doubt," thought Miss Latj'- mer, "that it was to be the 'intense elderly;'" "Up Among the Great Iron Arches; " A Lazy Companion; Jackson Park, part of the Exhibition Grounds; Entrance to the Hall of Mines, in process of construction; Near the Hall of Mines; The Administration Building; Site for the Statue of the Republic. Tiffany, Louis C, New York. — Cob- blers at Bouferik, Algiers; A Street in Algiers; Cathedral at Morlaix ; Street in Algiers ; Feeding the Flamingoes ; Summer. Twachtman, J. H., New York.— Pier near Newport; Winter. GROUP 143. ENGRAVINGS, ETCHINGS AND PRINTS. Mercier, Gustave, New York. — Au- tomedon; The Day's Work Done; Vive la Fidelite; Education of the Virgin. Morau, M. Ninimo, New York. — Point Isabel, Florida; Florida Forest; Summer, Easthampton; Edge of Georgia Pond; The Old Homestead; Between the Gloam- ing and the Mark; Twilight, Easthamp- ton; Bridge over the Delaware; Haunt of the Muskrat; Conway Castle, Wales; Bushkill Bridge; Evening, Easthampton. Piatt, Chas. A., New York.-^Arnheim; The Mense; Brittany Landscape; Brittany Farm; Willows on the Coast; Dieppe; Dordrecht; Naples; Honfleur; Passenger Boats, on the Seine; Pier at Lennor: Under Pont Ste. Marie; Two Sloops; In- land Port, A Spring Flood; Brooklyn Bridge; Pont St. Michael. Weir. J. Alden, New York.— Dr. R. F. Weir; Christmas Tide; Blacksmith Shop; John F Weir: Bj' the Evening Lamp; The Back YaVa; The Little Fountain; Sulby Glen; The Lamp; Castle; Head; Figure with Sleeping Dog; Portrait of a Lady; three etchings; one drj- point and one etching; Frugal Repast — child read- ing; head; four heads; two etchings on zinc; three etchings and tliree dry points; two etchings and one dry point; one etching and one dry point- one etching and one dry point; two dry points: H. E. Weir and Robt. Weir; one etching and one dry point. Aikman, Walter M., Brooklj^n. — Under the Willows; Wordsworth; A Modern Comanche; Grand Canal, Venice; Rowing Down to Ifflej^; Bringing Home the Christmas Tree; Sunset, La Hulpe, Belgium; The Sheep Pasture; The Pend- ant Jewel Weed. Aitken, Peter, New York. — On the Otomi Pass, Japan; A Scene in Kent; The Conspirators. Bernstrom, Victor, 6randview-on-Hud- son. — A Little Music; Limbering Up; Philip; The Moujik; Drawing Water for the Camp; Snow Angel; Trapped at Last; The Shepherdess; The Mystery of Life; Pirate's Haven, Shark River, N. J.; The Dead Matador. Cole, Timothy, The Century Co., New York. — Delphian Sibyl; Knight of Malta; The Concert, The Tribute Money; Venice Enthroned; Battle of St. Ephesius; Ma- donna and Child; Miracle of St. Mark, Group of Angels; Marj' Magdalen; Aeneas; Madonna of the Goldfinch; Mona Lisa; Three Ages of Man, Unknown Man; Verocchio; Madonna and Child; Detail of the Last Judgment; Two Angels; Man with a Violin; Madonna and Child; St. Agnes; St. Jerome; St. Llberalis; The Entombment. Cooper, Edith. New York. — Sheep; White Birches; Garrison Marching Out with the Honors of War, Ijlle 1708; Springtime of Love. Awards in Fine Aets Department. 5G5 Davis, Samuel P., Brooklyn. — An Afternoon Nap; Cat and Kittens at Play; French Hunting Dog. Del'Orme, E. H., JS'ew York. — Esqui- maux Life ; Birthplace of Beethoven ; Canoeing in Florida ; Garden Scene in Venice; Landing of the Dutch Fleet. Johnson, Thomas, New York. — Head of a >Ian; Browning; Dr. J. Weir Mit- chell ; Bishop Potter; 3Irs. Bradley Martin; Paderewski ; Tennyson; Portrait of A. Lang; Portrait of a Girl; Daubigny; Liszt; Portrait of a Child. Miller, William, New York. — Seven Wood Engravings. Putnam, S. C, Corona, L. I. — Identity; Waterfall by Moonlight ; Mirabeau and the King's Messenger; Princess Marie of Austria ; A Cozy Corner ; Carne Castle; At the Continental Spring; Pirates Seiz- ing a Ship; A Sheep Pasture. Schladitz, E., New York. — Love Locked Out; Grandmother. Schlecht, Charles, New York (steel en- gravings). — E_yes to the Blind (after A. F. Bellows); Love's Young Dream (alter Jennie I3rownscombe); Thoughts by the Sea (after J. G. Brown) ; Tlie Smoker (after Leon Moran); The Wish (after Percy Moran). Tinkey, John, Brooklyn. — Exchanging Confidences; All Halloween; Swine Herd, River Danube; Apache Indi::n Firing on Teamster ; English Cathedral. Wolf, Henry, New York (wood engrav- ings). — The Roadside (after K. Swain Gifford); New England Peddler (after Eastman Johnpon) ; My Sister Lvdia (after E. C. TarbcU); The Virgin Enthroned (after A. H. Thayer); Twilight (after Alex- ander Harrison); The Portrait (after Will. H. Low); Alice (after W. M. Chase); Miss Beatrice Goelet (after J. S. Sargent); Tiger (after Adolph jMenzcl) ; Madonna and Child (after Dagnan Bouveret) ; Thirst (after Gerome). GROUP 14:4. MISCELLANEOUS DRA'WINGS. Brown, J. Appleton. New York (pas- tels). — Sand Dunes : December ; Spring- time ; Summer. Blum, Robert, New York. — Wander- ing Etas (pen drawing) ; Japanese Police- man (peu drawing) ; A Shop for Lamps (pen drawing) ; Japanese Girl (pen draw- ing) ; Its Tin}^ Head Swung Hither and Thither (pen drawing) ; The Ameya (pen drawing) ; Be Pleased to Bring in the Honorable Account (wash drawing) ; My Eye was Caught by the Gleam of a Brass Door Knob (wash drawing) ; She Looked at me and Spoke Trustingly (wash drawing) ; The Tall Ladder of a Fire Station (wash drawing); Tea Pot and Crockery (wash drawing); Benteen Cave, Enoshina (wash drawing); The Amina Japonica (wa.sh drawing); Where the Proprietor, Stark Naked. Pestles the Paddy (wash drawing); She Laid her Hand on his Arm (wash drawing); Head of the Street, Enoshina (wash drawing); A Street Scene, Enoshina (wash drawing); Japanese Dinner at the Golden Koi (wash drawing); A Little City Back Yard (wash drawing); Watching the Election Returns, Japan (wash drawing) ; A Beg- ging Priest (wash drawing); On the Hill side at Enoshina (wash dr.awing); The Plankway to Benteen Cave (wash draw- ing); Fray Innocencio and Flojo (pen drawing): The Man is Dead, He Said (black and" white). Chapman, Carlton T., New York. — Port of Valparaiso in a Norther (wash drawing); White Star Steamer. Majestic (black and white); The Large.st Steamer on the Lake (black and white). Gaul, Gilbert, New York.— A Pulque Carrier, Mexico (black and white in oil); The Journey in the Market Cart (black and white in oil) ; Landing at Chagres (black and white in oil); Pleasant Weather in the Gulf (black and white in oil); Gorgona, Panama (black and white in oil); The Pilot. .Jamaica (black and white in oil); The Kitchen, Jamaica (black and white in oil); A Cheer for the Old Flag (black and white in oil); The blaster's Lunch, Jamaica (black and white in oil); Dining-Room, French's Hotel, Panama (black and white in oil); "The Steamer is in," Panama (black and white in oil) ; A Crowded Steamer (black and white in oil). Gibson, C. D., New York. — Yes, It is Too Bad (pen drawing); You Must Tell Your Friend Not to be Frightened at the House (pen drawing); xVwfully Kind of You to (^'ome to Our Shanty (pen draw- ing); And the Two Smoked on in Silence (pen drawing); Aren't You Pleased with Me (pen drawing); Debutantes Leaning on his Arm (pen drawing); The Young JNIen in the House Thought Her a Jolly Girl (pen drawing); Jlrs. Vernon Had Crossed the Rubicon (pen drawing); He is Waiting for Me (pen drawing); tord and Lady AVm. Hampshire (pen drawing); We are IJehind Time, Mrs. Vane Benson and I (pen drawing); When Luella Lost her Grip (pen drawing); The Electing in ]\Irs. Van Shuter's Empire Room (pen draw- ing); I am Glad that Tempest in a Teapot is Over (pen drawing); Her First Appear- ance (pen drawing); The American Girl (pen drawing); At the Fair (pen drawing); I Wish to God You were Out of this Business (wash drawing); In the Studio (wash drawing); A Serious Question (wash 566 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. drawing); Cartoon for Life (pen drawing); Two Girls and a Man (pen drawing); Tlie Jury (pen drawing); In the Moonlight (pen drawing); Drifting Apart (pen draw- ing); Will Penelope Land the Baron (pen drawing); At Mrs. Flatsharps (pen draw- ing); The Prisoner at the Bar (pen draw- ing); Time (pen drawing); In Leap Year (pen drawing); In Leap \'ear, Starting on their Wedding Journey (pen drawing); In Leap Year, After Having Kept the Men Waiting (pen drawing); The Horse Show (pen drawing); That Delicious Mo- ment (pen drawing); A Summer Vacation (pen drawing); Fourth of July (pen draw- ing); At Mrs. Van Tappan's (pen draw- ing); At Mrs. Daubleigh Chrome's (pen drawing); At the Gentlemen's Sons Chowder Club (pen drawing). Gibson, W. Hamilton, Brooklyn. — Night Hawk (pen drawing); Orange Boughs (charcoal); A Mistj' Morning (smoke); Los Loros, Andes (black and white); A California Garden (black and white); The Bobolink at Home (black and wliite); A Midnight Tragedy (black and white); A Wild Garden (black and white); A Winter Ravine (black and white); The Sly Silver Fox (black and white); Cyrepedium Spectabile (black and white); A Kelic of the Departed South (black and white); A Southern Cane Brake Jungle (black and white); On Bayou Teche, Louisiana (black and white). Low, Will H., New York.— Through the Tendriled Branches the Famed ^olian Choir (black and white); Old Field at Barbizon (wash drawing); Nar- cissus (black and white, oil). Metcalf, W. L., New York.— Stinnard House, Pelham Bay Park (pen drawing); The Picture Gallery (black and white); He Drove the Knife "Through his Hand (black and white); Cable Hut at Shore End (black and white, oil). Reinhart, Charles S., New York. — A Kissing Gate (pen drawing); Government Wharf, Fort Monroe (charcoal); Up the Hudson (pen drawing); Portrait of Charles Dudley Warner (pen drawing); A Near Sighted Deputy (charcoal); Liberal and Conservative (charcoal); A Tramp (char- coal); Christmas Morning (charcoal); Il- lustration (black and white); Skating (wash drawing). Remington, Frederick, New Rochelle. " — Roping in a Horse Corral (pen draw- ing); The Old Trapper, pen drawing; A Member of the Mounted Pofice, Canada (pen drawing); Infantry Covering the Withdrawal of Cavalry (wash draw- ing); Behind the Breastworks, Besieged by Utes (wash drawings); A Sample Steed (black and white); A War Party of Co- manches " Jumping " a Hunter's Camp Cblack and white); Splitting the BufEalo Herd (black and white, oil); Boots and Saddles (wash drawing); Rounding Up (wash drawing); Pitching Broncos (wash drawing); General Miles Reviewing the Mexican Army (wash drawing); Polish Village (wash drawing); Some Idle Notes on "The Most Noble Profession," in Europe (wash drawing); At the Horse Show (wash drawing). Smedley, W. T., New York.— Exhibi- tion Grounds, 1891 (black and white); Be- fore the Agricultural Building (black and white); Lake-front Side of Main Building (black and white); At the Hotel (black and white); In a Restaurant (pencil); Il- lustration (wash drawing); Old Guard Ball (black and white); An Invitation to the Dance (black and white); In the House of Representatives (black and white); Cow- boy (black and white); Illustration (wash drawing); Ladies' Gallery, House of Rep- resentatives (l^lack and white); Easter Lil- lies (black and white); Broadway at Night (black and white); Promenade Concert (black and white); A Bishop (black and white); Relics of George Washington (black and white); Onnalinda (black and white); When the Tide Comes In (black and white); "Jane Field, I ain't Esther Maxwell" (black and white); On the Rocks at Narragansett (black and white); Sunday Morning, Fifth Avenue (black and white); A King's Daughter (black and white); Christmas Shopping (black and white); On the Down Town Ferry (black and white); A Bit of Decoration (black and white). Thulstrnp, T. de. New York. — Joseph Choate (wash drawing); Columbian Ex- position, Workers in Staff (black and white); A Belated Passenger (black and white); An Evening at the Horse Show (black and white); Admiral Walker (black and white); The Three Hussars (black and white); The Dinner Table in a Norwegian Farmhouse (black and white); AMoujik's Funeral (black and white); Norwegian Fisher Family (black and white); At the Traktier's (black and white); Kroll's Garden, Berlin (black and white); Military Road in the C'aucasus (black and white); Circassians of the Imperial Guard (black and white); Georgian Prince (black and white); The Yachting Party (black and white); Persian Bazaar, Nijni Novgorod (black and white); Horse Artillery Going into Action (black and white); Crcssing the Channel (black and white). Wenzell, A. B., New York.— The Diamonds (black and white); sketches, Nos. 1-12 for "Life." Zogbaum, R. F., New Rochelle.— A Landing, the Advanced Skirmishers (black and white); Shore Drill, Pegging Away at an Imaginary Enemy (black and white); All Hands to "Skylark (black and white). Awards in Fike Aets Department. 567 GROUPS 139-li5. ARCHITECTURE. Bruuncr & Trvon, Xew York Entrance, Temple Beth-El (pen); Shrine for Temple Beth-El (water color); Sahlein Building (water color); Buildings to be Erected for "W. F. Ilavenieyer. Gibson, R. H., Broolvlyu,— Competitive Besign for the Cathedral of St. John the Divine (pen drawing), Hardenburs, H, J., New York,— Main ' Waldorf Hotel (water color by Hughson Hawley), Hunt, R. M., Xew York.— Model of part of the house of W, K. Vanderbilt. Lamb it Rich. New York. — Berkeley School, Xew York city (photograph); Germania Fire Insurance Building, New York city (photograph). The foregoing list of awards has been carefully compared with the books of this department and found correct. FRANK R. PHISTER, January 11, 1894. Superintendent Fine Arts Department. AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK EXHIBITS DEPARTMENT L, LIBERAL AliTS. IN GROUP 147. PHYSICAL DEVELOPMENT, HYGIENE. Americiin Contiuental Simitary Co., New York; disiut'ecting fluid, sanitas disiufecting fumigatoi'S, tiutomatic disiu- fec.toi'S. Amos, Alex. M., Buffalo; steam cooker. Associated Charities, Newburgh; forms and reports, 1 vol. Biugharaton State Hospital, Bingham- tou; samples patients' work. Board of Health, New York; album. Brooklyn Orphan Asylum, Brooklj'U; photographs, etc. Buffalo Hospital of Sisters of Charity, BufTalo; portfolio showing results. Children's Home Association, Amster- dam; fiu'ms anil reports, 1 vol. Cliildron's Aid Society, Brooldyn; forms aud rejKirts, 1 vo(. Children's Aid Societ.y, New York; re- ports, 5 vols. Croton Aqueduct Com.. New York; charts, maps and photographs. Demilt Dispensary, New York; reports, 3 vols. Dennis, Miss Caroline E., Auburn; training schools for nurses. FitclV Accident Hospital, Buffalo; band- age winder, emergency bag for ambulance work. Fitch Creche, Buffalo; photographs, etc. German Evangelical Home, Brooklyn; reports, 1 vol. Hebrew Free School Association, New York; 3 charts. Hebrew Orjihan Asylum, New Y'ork; specimen work. Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society, New York; reports, 1 vol. Home for Aged and Infirm, New York; 4 charts. Home for Aged and Inlirn\, Yonkers; 3 charts. Home for Friendless, Buffalo; charts aud photographs on wing frame. Home of the Good Shepherd, Troy; portfolio showiug aims, etc. House of the Good Shepherd, TJtica; photographs and reports, 1 vol. Hunting, Nelson, Albany; Hunting automatic water distiller. Improved Dwelling Co., New York; models and plans for improved dwellings. Ingleside Home, Buffalo; forms and re- ports, 1 vol. Ladies' Deborah Nursery and Children's Protectory, New York; 3 charts. Ladies' Sewing Society of Hebrew Society, New York; 1 chart. Ladies' Society of Mt. Sinai Hospital, New York; 3 charts. Little Mothers at Work and Little Mothers at Play, New York; photo- graphs, etc. Louis' Down 'I'own Sabbath and Daily School. New York; specimens of needle designing and shorthand. Louis' Down Town School, New York; reports, 1 vol. Jlethodist Episcopal Churcli Home, New York; liistoric outline. Slontefiore Home for Chronic Invalids, New York; reports, 1 vol. 5It. Sinai Hospital, New York; training .school for nurses. NcAV York State Reformatory, Elmira; charts, etc. New York Deaf and Dumb Institute, New York; work of inmates, etc. New York State; model poor house. New York State, Albany; Working- man's Jlodel Home. New York Association for the Improve- ment of the Condition of the Poor, New York; colored plans and elevations. New York Orthop. Dispensary and Hospital, New York; reports, 1 vol. New York State Board of Charities; annual reports; framed statistical charts. New York State AVorkingman's Home, Albany; investigation of workingmeu's diet. Orphan Home of the Holy Saviour, Cooperstown; house records. Presbyterian Hospital, New York ; training school for nvu'ses. Quarantine System, New York; charts and maps. Remington, Cyrus K., Buffalo, photo- graphs of crematory. St. Coleman Orplian Asylum. West Troy ; portfolio showiug the advanced views, etc. St. John's Guild, New York; pictures, 3, bed 1. St. John's Asylum, LTtica: portfolio. St. Vincent's Female Orphan Asvbnu, Buffalo; folding case, industrial work aud book. AWAEDS IN LiBEEAL AktS DePAETMENT. 569 Sanitarium of Hebrew Children, New Yoii^; charts 1, pictures 4, vol. 1. Soldiers and Sailors' Home, New Vork; reports, 1 vol. State Board of Health, Albauj-; charts, maps and tables. State Industrial School, Rochester ; 4 heavy riveting hammers, polished handles. State Industrial School, Rochester; grade map, work of primary department, 1 vol. Temperance Home for AYomen and Children, Deeriug; chart and photograph on wing frame. Utica State Hospital. Ttica ; samples patients' work. Wilmot, Castle & Co., Rochester; steam cooker. Young Ladies' Benevolent Association, Auburn; forms, 1 vol. GEOtJP lis. MEDICAL AND SUEGICAL INSTKUJMENTS. Daggett Table Co., Bufftiio; posturing tables. Drevet Mfg. Co., New York; ilar- chand's Pero.xide of Hydrogen ; Jlar- chand's Atomizer and Ozonizer ; Mar- chand's Glycozone. Elkins, Jliss Fanny. New York; color drawings of anatomj-. Fairchild Bros. & Foster, New York; Pepsin tablets; Panopepton; Peptogenic milk powder; Peptonesian tubes; Deasta- sic Essence of Pancreas; Tripsin. Extrac- tum Panereatis; Glycerinum Peplicum; Essence of Pepsin; Pepsin in scales. Frees, C. A., New York; artificial limbs. Harvey, The G. H., Co., Saratoga; pharmaceutical products. Johnson & Johnson, New York; medi- cal and surgical apijliances. Marks, A. A., New York; artificial limbs, surgical appliances and invalid vehicles. Mt. Sinai Hospital and Training School, New York; charts and reports. Presbyterian Hospital and Training School, New Y'ork; hospital appliances. Reed & Carnrick, New York; Kumys- gen, Pancrobeline liquid. Ritter Dental Mfg. Co., Rochester; Columbian dental chairs; dental tables. Seaburj' tfc Johnson, New York; medi- cal, surgical and antiseptic specialties. Standard Homeopathic Globule Mfr., New York; globules, desks, etc. TildenCo., The, New Lebanon; pharma- ceutical preparations; fluid extracts. Ward. H. A., Rochester: skeletons. "Ward, H. A. , Rochester ; ossific preparations. GEOUP 149. EDUCATION. For catalogue of awards to schools exhibiting in the Ncav York collective exhibit see, also, page 468, Academy of the Holy Rosary, New Y''ork; class work. Albany Academy, Albany ; students' work, course of studj-, photographs. Beck Literary societj-. AUiauy Busin&s College, Alban}-; work in bookkeeping, stenogr.iphy. etc. All Saints School, Brooklyn; class work, etc. American Museum Natural History, New York; photographs of two build- ings, etc. Art Students' League, New York; ]iho- tograph prints of figures modeled in cla}' from living model. Assumption School, Brooklyn; class work, bookkeeping, etc. Bensinger Bros., New Y''ork, Chicago and Cincinnati; text books. Berkely School (Dr. John White), New Yo.'k; administrative forms, photographs. Brooklyn Diocese, Brooklyn: class art nci-'dlewo'rk, kindergarten school, fifty- four schools. Brothers of the Christian School, New York; literary, scientific, classical and art work. 72 Brothers of Mary, New York; class woi'k, penmanship, maps and lan- guages. Buffalo Diocese, Buffalo ; class art needlework, kindergarten school, fifty- four schools. Buffalo Seminary, Buffalo; geometry and other school Avork. Caldwell. G. 51., Miss, New York; embroidery and endowment of Catliolic -LTuiversitj' of America, first foundress. Caiiisius College, Buffalo; class work and drawings. Cary, Florence Elizabeth, New York; glazed and framed designs. Cathedral School for Boys, New York; work in literattire, mathematics, etc. Cathedral School for Girls, New York; needlework, weaving, embroidery, litera- ture, etc. Catholic JIale Orphan Asylum, Troy; glasswork, drawing and other work. Catholic Publication Society, New York: text books. Children's Aid Societ_v, New York; flag made by children. Christian Brothers' Academy, Albany; 570 New Yoek at the TVoeld's Columbian Exposition. school work, drawing, kiudergarten and photographs. Christian Brothers of United States America, New Yorl?;; series of drawing books, text books on same. Christiansen Institute, Brooklyn; school work. Coe, E. M., Miss, New York; kinder- garter, appliances for study of color, form and sciences. Colgate University, Hamilton; twenty - three photographs, twenty statistical charts, handbooks, course of study, etc. College City of New York, New York; statistics, registers, etc. Columbia College, New York; photo- graphs, charts, plans, works of faculties and alumni. Convent of Holy Eosary, New York; class work, kindergarten and needlework. Cornell University, Ithaca; photo- graphs, grounds, buildings, interiors, university work. Cortland Normal School, Cortland; col- lective exhibit. De La Salle Inst., New York; engineer- ing, literary work, drawings, etc. German Catholic Orphan Asylum, Buf- falo; class work, fancj^ work, etc. Hall, Margery, manager day nursery, New York; day nurser}'. Harrison, Wm. B., New York; school chairs. Helpers' (14) School, Gardensville; class work and map drawing. Holy Angels' Academjr, Buffalo; class work. Holy Cross Girls' School, New York; class work and map drawing. Holj"" Trinity School, Brooklyn; class work, map drawing and kindergarten. Immaculate Conception, male school. New York; class work, drawings, charts, etc. Immaculate Conception, male school. New York; work in Enghsh, German, business forms, etc. Industrial School, Church Hoi}' Com- munion, New York; large frame contain- ing course in sewing. Industrial School of St. Mary, Brook- lyn; fancy work, shoes, etc. Institution of Mercy, ISTew York; needle- work lace curtains. Institute for Blind, New York; speci- mens showing methods of instruction. Kitchen Garden (Emil)' Huntington, mng.), New York; kitchen garden. Kunz. G. F., New York; portraits of mineralogists. ' La Salle Institute, New York; class work, drawings, etc. La Salle Institute, Troy; class work, 54 volumes. Le Couteulx St. Mary's Deaf Institute, Buffalo; class work, maps, drawings, etc. McClelland, Miss Mary (inventor), Albany; educational panopticon. Manhattan College, New York; literary, scientific, classical and art work. Nativity Academy, Brooklyn; class work and drawings. Nativity Institute, Brooklyn; class work and drawings. New York Catholic Protectory, West- chester; embroiderj'' and fancy work. New York Catholic Protectory for Boys, Westchester; class work, 800 copy books. New York City Public Schools, New York; relief maps New York State. New York Diocese, New York; class art needlework, kindergarten school, sixty -nine schools. New York Military Academy, Corn- wall-on-Hudson; case of botanical speci- mens, 36 photographs, 2 vols., written work, handbooks; ground plan of buildings. New York School of Design for Women, New York; designs for wall paper, silk, architectural drawings, etc., 200 designs. New York State; educational exhibit. New York State Library, Albany; pub- lications, bulletins. New York State Library School, Albany; 59 bound vols, manuscript. New York State Museum, Albany; sci- entific publications. New York Trade School, New York; specimen work in sign painting, plumb- ing, stone, wood and iron work, etc. Niagara University, Niagara; portraits, class work, exercises, etc. Normal School, Fredonia; students' work in drawing, painting, etc. Normal College (girls), New York; stu- dents' work. North American Phonograph Co., New York; phonographs. Operti, Alberti, New York ; Arctic scene, tableau and painting. O'Shea, P., New York; text books. Oswego State Normal School, Oswego ; work of faculty and alumni. Oswego State Normal School, Oswego ; collective exhibit. Our Lady of Angels Academy, Elmira; class work. Our Lady of Good Council's School, Brooklyn ; class work and drawing. Our Lady of Mercy's School, Brooklyn; class work and drawing. Our Lady of Victory, West Lanaka ; drawing and class work. Parish Schools of New York city ; school work (25 schools). Packard's Business College. New York; work in bookkeeping, stenography, typewriting, etc. Pratt Institute, Brooklyn ; shortliand library, etc. Awards ix Liberal Arts Department. 571 Public Schools, Albany ; high school Tvork. Public Schools, Albany : kindergarten Tvork, primary and grammar school Tvork Public Schools, Albion ; elementary and high school work. PubUc Schools, Buffalo; students' ■work. ■ Public Schools, Buffalo ; primarj' and grammar work. Public Schools, Buffalo ; high school work. Pubhc Schools, Binghamton, school work, photographs and plans. Public Schools, Cohoes ; elementary and high school work. Public Schools, Lansingburg ; kinder- garten and elementary school work. Public Schools, Isew Tork ; work in manual training. Public Schools, Z^ew York : grammar school work. Public Schools, j!few Tork ; primary school work. Public Schools, Poughkeepsie ; high school work. Public Schools, Poughkeepsie ; prim- ary and grammar work. Public Schools, Port Chester ; school work. Public Schools, Rochester ; high school work. Public Schools, Rochester ; primary and grammar work. Public Schools, Syracuse ; high school. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy; civil engineering theses, etc. Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy; bridge designs, etc. Ritterhoff. IMiss Amelia, Kew York ; pen decoration and lettering. Rochester Athenaeum and Mechanics' Institute, Rochester; drawings, paint- ings, modehngs, etc. Rochester University, Rochester ; photographs of grounds, buildings, interior work. St. Agnes School, Albany ; school exhibits. St. Agnes Seminar}-, Brooklyn ; class work, map drawing, etc. St. Agnes School, Buffalo ; class work and map drawing. St. Alponso's School, New York; class work and drawings. St. Ann's ^lale and Female School, Brooklyn ; class work and m;ip drawing. St. Bridgets Academy, New York ; class work, drawing and painting. St. Bridget's Girls School, Kew York ; work in literature, mathematics, etc. St. Bridget'.-; 3!:ile Schor], Buffalo; class work and drawings. St. Bridget's Male School, New Yorlc ; work in mathematics, literature, draw- ings, fancy penmanship, etc. St. Catharine's Hall, Brooklyn ; photo graphs of buildings and collective exhibit, St. Charles Male and Female School Brooklyn ; class work and map drawing St. Elizabeth's Academy, Allegany ; water colors, lace, gold embroidery and class work. St. Ehzabeth's Academy, Buffalo ; class work. St. Francis' College, Brooklyn ; class work, etc. St. GJabriel's Academy, New Tork literature, mathematics, etc. St. Gabriel's Boys School, New York literature, drawings, etc. St. Gabriel's Girls School, New Tork class work. St. James' Female School, New Tork language, drawings, etc. St. James' Commercial School, Brook- lyn; examination papers, drawings, etc. St. James' JIale School, New York; 40 vols, mathematics. St. Jerome's School, New Tork ; class work. St. John Evangelist School, Brooklyn ; class work and map drawing. St. Joseph's Cathedral, Buffalo ; class work and drawings. St. Joseph's Normal College, Ana walk; De La Salle normal manual. St. Joseph's Normal College, Anawalk; linear and free hand drawings, her- barium and raised map. St. Joseph's Normal College, Anawalk: text books, drawings, copy books, etc. St. Joseph's Academy, Flushing mechanical dra'nings and paintings. St. Joseph's Male School, New Tork class work, drawings, etc. St. Joseph's Academy, Brooklyn; class work. St. Joseph's Academy. Buffalo; class work, drawings, etc. St. Leonard's Academy Brooklj-n; class work, stenography, etc. St. Louis 5lale School, Buffalo; EngUsh and German class work. St. Lawrence School, New Tork; class work. St. Mary's Academy, Buffalo; class work, 77 vols. St. ilary's Academy, New Tork; litera- ture, mathematics, history, drawings, etc. St. Mary's Academy, Ogdensburg; class work. St. JIary's Male School, New Tork; class work and drawings. St. 3Iary's JIale School, Tonkers; draw- ings and chiss work. St. Mary's Orphan x\syluni, Dunkirk; class work and drawings. St. Mary's School, Buffalo; class work, paintings, needlework, etc. St. Nicholas Female School, New York; class work and dra'wings. 5T2 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. St. Nicholas Male School, New York; class work and drawings. St. Patrick's Academy, Brooklj'n; class work, mechanical drawings, etc. St. Patrick's Academj', Catskill; pro- duce map, relief maps, etc. St. Peter's Female School, New York; class work, etc. St. Patrick's Female School, New York; class work, etc. St. Patrick's School, Buffalo; class work and drawings. St. Paul's Male and Female School, Brooklyn; class work. St. Peter and Paul School, Brooklyn; class work, map drawings, etc, St. Peter's and Paul's School, Hamburg; class work, drawings, paintings, etc. St. Patrick's Female School, Newburg; copy books, class work, etc. St. Stephen's School, Brooklyn; class work, map drawings, etc. St. Theresa's Academy, Brooklyn; class work, drawings, etc. St. Theresa's Male School, New York; map drawings, 100 vols, class work. St. Thomas Aquinas Academy, Brook- l3'n; class work. St. Vincent's Academy for Young La- dies, New Yorlc; class work, literature, craj^ons, etc. St. Vincent de Paul's Academ}', Brook- lyn; class work and mechanical drawings. St. Vincent Ferrers School, New York; class work, drawings, etc. St. Vincent Ind. School, Utica; class work and letters. St. Vincent's Orphanage and Industrial School, Butlalo; embroidery, fancy work, photographs, etc. Sach's (Dr.) School, New York; text books, school work. Sacred Heart School, Buffalo; class work, map drawing; 1 ivory cross, carved; 1 picture. Sacred Heart Academy, Westchester; work in Latin, Greek, mathematics, etc. Sacred Heart Institute, Brooklj'n; 10 vols, class work and map drawings. Sacred Heart High School, Buffalo; class work, 38 vols. Sadlier, Wm. W., New York; te.xt books. Seven Dolor's School, Buffalo; class work, drawings, paintings and needle- work. . State Normal School, Buffalo; students' work. State of New York, Albany; Normal school system, Steiger, E., New York; text books. Syracuse State Institute for Feeble- minded Children, Syracuse; exhibit of methods employed in institute. St. Stephen's School, New York; class work and drawing. St. John's Prote'ctory and Asylum, "West Seneca; industrial work, class work and sewing. School of Sisters of Notre Dame, New York; class work and language. St. Joseph's School, New York; class work, maps, drawings and photographs. Teachers' College, New York; photo- graphs 3 buildings, 30 interiors, manual training exhibit, sewing course. Thiry, John Henry, Long Island City; statistics and reports. Tiffany & Co., New York; medals, cartoons and sketches. Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co. , New York; studies, sketches and cartoons for glass. University of the City of New York, New York; specimens, diplomas and scholarships. University of the State of New York, Albany; university work, etc., adminis- trative department, forms, etc., 29 vols., 3,000 photographs; examinations, 300 vols., 3,000 papers; university extension, comparative exhibit, syllabi, Vassar College, Poughkeepsie; photo- graphs of grounds, buildings, interiors, work. Visitation Academy, Brooklyn; paint- ings, class work, etc. Visitation Convent, Brooklyn; 4 paint- ings. Visitation School, Brooklyn; class work and drawings. Weil's (Mrs. Leopold) School, New York; 1 case sewing. Workingman's School, New York; photographs of school buildings, interiors — collective. GEOUP 160. LITEKATUEE, LIBEAEIES, JOUENALISM American Bank Note Co., New York; bank note engraving, etc. American Book Co., New York; histojy of American people. American Library Association, Albany; library blanks, books, etc. American Librarj' Association, Albany; comparative library architecture. American Library Association, Albany; model town library of 5,000 vols. American Litliographing Co., New York; art and commercial lithographs Appleton, Daniel, & Co., New York; books, art works, etc. Armstrong, Margaret M., New York; book covers. Bardeen, C. W., Syracuse; school pub- lications, maps, etc. Bouaventure, E. F., New York; hooks, binding, etc. 1- O o Qi. 'J < at Awards in Liberal Arts Department. 573 Bonaventure, E. F., Kew York; rare books ami line bindings. Britaunica Pub. Co., New York; books. Century Co., New York; books, maga- zines, drawings, etc. Coibj' & Co., New York; historical charts. Columbia College, New York; library book shelving. Duprat & Co., New York; books. Fishol, Adler & Schwartz, New York; engravings, etchings, etc. Free Library of General Society of Mechanics and Tradesmen of New York, New York; library charging sj'steni. Funk & AVagnals, New York; English dictionary. General Society Mechanics and Manu- facturers, New York; books and cata- logues. Harper Bros., New York; miscellaneous books, etc. Hubbard, H. F., New Y'ork; newspaper directory. Judd, Orange, Co., New York; books and periodicals. Kellogg, E. L., & Co., New York; school books, charts, etc. Lieber, B. Franklin, New York; tele- graphic cipher. Lovell, A., & Co., New York; school books, charts and appliances. McI)owell & Co.. New York; fashion journals. Manning, Thomas, New York; Ameri- can yacht list. Manufacturers' Pub. Co., New York; reference book. Marks, Montague, New York; draw- ings and process of illustrating maga- zines. Morse, j\Iiss Alice, Brooklyn; four cards, book covers. Harper Bros. Moss Engraving Co., New York; en- gravings. New York State Library, Albany; li- brary book shelving. New York State Librar3', Albany; books and catalogues. New York State Museum, Albany; re- lief map of State of New York. Ottman, J., New York; com. and color lithographic work. Ottman, J., New York; chromolitho- graphic reproduction of tine art water color and oil paintings. Packard, S. S., New York; text books. Radtke, Lauckner & Co,, New York etchings and engravings. Seeger-Guernsey Co. (The), New York cyclopedia of manufactures and products, Schedler, Herman, New York; geo graphical globes. SchoU, Bruno, Brooklyn; show j)osters printed from pine wood. Scribner's, Charles, Sons, New York; manuscripts, magazines, -etc. Tiffany & Co., New York; illuminations on parchment paper. Tiffany & Co. , New York; copper and steel engraving, stamping, illuminating, etc. Wester velt, A. B. & W. T., New York; library book shelving. Wood, Wm., & Co., New York; medi- cal hooks. GROUP 151. INSTRUMENTS OF PKECISION AND EXPERIMENT; PHOTOGRAPHY. Albertype Co., New Y'ork; albertypes. American Aristotype Co., Jamestown; American aristotypes. Anthony, E. & H. T., New York; pho- tographic apparatus. Bates Mfg. Co. , New York; numbering machine. Bausch &Lomb Optical Co., Rochester; optical goods. Breese, Jas. H., New York; photo- graphs. Brooks, E. J., & Co., New York; post- office stamps. Dana, E. C, New York; photographs. EastmaruKodak Co., Rochester; photo- graphic goods. Gerry, J. H., New York; astronomical . regulator. Gundlach Optical Co., Rochester; pho- tographs, lenses, microscopic goods, mi- croscopic stands. I Gurlcy, W. & L. E., Troy; surveying and engineering instruments. Heinrich, H. H., New York; chronome- ters. Heinrich, H. H., New York; marine chronometers. Keuffel & Esser, New York; surveying instruments. Kurtz, W., New York; artistic photo- graphic reproduction from nature. Kurtz, W., New York; azaline photo- graphs. McAllister, T. H., New York; stereop- ticons, magic lanterns, etc. McMichael, H., Buffalo; photographs. Pach Bros.. New York; photographs, portraits, landscapes, etc. Photo. jNIaterial Co., Rochester; photo- graphic apparatus. Self Winding Clock Co., New York; self- winding astronomical regulators. 574 J^EW ToEK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. GEOUP 152. CIVIL ENGINEEEING, PUBLIC AVOEKS, AECHITECTUEE. Baron, Hemy, New York; Pennsyl- vania Railroad Co. Dormitzer, Mrs. Henry, New York; window cleaning chair and platforms. Emmet, L. F., New York; designs and drawings. Giflord, Chas. Ailing, New York; New Jersey State Building. Gilbert, Bradford L. , New York; New York Central Railroad Building. Hunt, R. M., New York; Administra- tion Building. McKim, Mead & White, New York, New York State Building. McKim. Mead & White, New York; White Star Line Building. McKim, Mead & White, New York; Puck Building. Post, Geo. B. , New York; Manufac- tures and Liberal Arts Building. Wilson, Jas.G.jNew York; shutters, etc. GEOUP 153. GOVEENMENT New AND LAW. New York House of Refuge, Randalls Island; samples of school and industrial work. United States Trade Mark Association, New York; trade marks and labels. American Philatelic Association, York; collection of stamps. Cutler Manufacturing Co., Rochester; mail chutes and boxes. International Postal Supply Co., New York; machine for stamping and cancel- ing envelopes. GEOUP 154. COMMEECE, TEADE AND BANKING. New York Life Insurance Co., New York; theory of life insurance by charts, pyramids, etc. GEOUP 155. INSTITUTIONS AND OEGANIZATIONS FOE THE DIFFUSION OF KNOWLEDGE. Dodge, Miss Grace, New York; work- ing girls' association. Grider, Rufus, New York; a collection of water color drawings of historic powder horns. New York State Board of Women Man- agers, Albany; loan collection of bureau of applied arts. New York State Board of Women Man- agers, Albany; folios of literary club. New York State Board of Women Man- agers, Albany; folios of articles of the press. New York State Board of Women Man- agers, Albany; library, 3,500 vols. GEOUP 156. SOCIAL AND INDUSTEIAL ASSOCIATIONS. Afro-American Woman's exhibit (J. Imogen Howard), New York; embroidery. Charity organizations, Buffalo; penny saving fund. Independent Order of Treue Schwes- tern, New York; charts showing results. Sisters of Personal Service, New York; charts showing scope. GEOUP 157. EELIGIOUS OEGANIZATIONS. American Bible Society. New York, bibles and testaments. American Tract Society, New York; evangelical publications. Methodist Book Concern, New York; publications of the Methodist church. National Temperance Society and Pub- lishing House, New York; books, publi- cations, etc. Seventh Day Baptist denomination, Alfred Center; books, papers, etc. GROUP 158. MUSIC AND MUSICAL INSTEUMENTS. Automatic Piano Co., New York; pianos and automatic attachments. ' Bacon, Francis, New York; pianos. Behr Bros. & Co., New York; pianos. Boardman & Gray, Albany; pianos. Coleman, Henry, New York and Phila- delphia; brass musical instruments, Dolge, Alfred, & Sons, New York; sound boards, English felt for polishing. piano cases, hammer felts, board and piano and organ felts. Estey Piano Co., New York; pianos. Fischer, J. & C, New York; pianos. Foot, ,1, Howard, New York and Chicago; Badger Bochm flutes. Foot, J Howard, New York and Chi- cago; collective exhibit band instru- ments. Awards in Liberal Aets BizrAETiiENT. 575 Foot, J. Howard, New York iuid Chi- cago; jruitnrs .sucl mnmlolius. Freidrich. John, it Bro., >;ew York; violins, violas, etc. Gemunder, Augustus. & Sons, New York; violins, etc. Hardman, Peck <& Co., New York; pianos. Hrtrtniann Bros. & Keinhard, New York; musical instruments. Hays, Harriet H., Chicago and New York; musical compositions. Jacob Bros., New York; pianos. Kranich i Bach, New York; pianos. ilannello, Angelo, New York; mando- lins and mandelas. Jlenecly (Clinton H.) Bell Co., Troy; chiming bells. Rogers, Jos., Jr., Ilighview; banjo and drum heads. Sohmer i Co., New York; pianos. Schubert Piano Co., New York; pianos Strauch Bros., New York; jiiano actions, Waterloo Organ Co., "Waterloo; pianos, Wegman it Co., Auburn; pianos. TVessell, Nickel & Gross, New York piano actions. Zimmerman, C. T., & Co., Dolgeville violins. Zimmerman, C. T., & Co., Dolgeville autoharps. Zimmerman, C. T. , & Co., Dolgeville new system of music. The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully compared with the records in this department and is correct. J. H. McGIBBONS, Per J. B. S.. Chief iif Department of Liberal Arts. AWARDS GRANTED NEW YORK EXHIBITS DEPARTMENT M, ETHNOLOGY. IN Agassiz Association, New York; book to illustrate a MSS. Geological map of New York city and vicinity. American Museum of Natural History, New York; plans and view of the Ameri- can Museum of Natural Histor}^. Catlin. Mrs. Louise; pictures of Indian life. De Potter, Armand, Albany; collection of Egyptian antiquities. Felt & Tarrant Mfg. Co.; comptometer. Hart, William W., & Co.; taxidermy. Kuarnerd & Harrow; "The Manufac- tures of the United States." Kunz, George, with Tiffauy & Co., New York; precious stones and minerals with folklore significance. Lattin, F. H., & Co., Albion; t3'pical collection of N. A. birds showing manner of nesting; naturalists' supplies. State of New York. Albany; Iroquois village of bark houses, mammals, land shells, fresh water shells, colonial exhibit, historical collection. Robeson, j\Irs. Wm. R., Albany; large sized drawing of coat of arms of Columbus. Tieman, George, & Co.; apparatus for athletics. Tiffany & Co., New York; archaeological collections. Ward, Henrj' A., Rochester; papier mache model of human body. Ward's Natural Science Establishment, Rochester; Pueblo de Taos, paleontology, cases, invertebrate zoologj' (comparative), paleontology, vertebrate zoology (com- parative). Webb's Adder Co. ; Webb's adder. Zoaring, H. H. ; bronze relief portrait of Columbus. The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully com- pared with the records of this department and is correct. H. W. CANNON, February 19, 1894. Chief of Department of Ethnology. ^ AWAPiDS GRANTED NEW YORK EXHIBITS IN DEPARTMENT N, FORESTRY. GEOCP 19. Jessup, Morris K., Xew York; collection of forest botanical T\-oods. Hough, Roraeyn B., Lowville; folio col- lection of American woods. State of New York; collection of tree sections, jiliotographs, etc. United Indurated Fibre Co., Lockport; pails. The foregoing list of awards to exhibitors from New York has been carefully compared with the records in this department and is correct. J. S. BROWNING. March 21, 1894. Chief of Department of Agriculture in Charge of Forestry. 73 FIMNCIAL REPORT. By GEORGE S. STEVENS. Appropriations : under chapter 236, Laws of 1892, $300,000; chapter 188, LaTvs of 1893. §800,000. Special appropriation for Board of Women Managers, chapter 726, Laws of 1893, 110,000. Bills audited by the Commission were itemized and verified, with vouchers attached, as directed by letter of the Comptroller and bj' circular of instructions issued by the chief executive officer. (See Assembl}- Document No. 70, 1893.) Bills of each judicial district commission were approved by two of the three dis- trict commissioners, and bills in each exhibit were certified by the head of that department. All bills paid, with vouchers attached, are on file in the office of the Comptroller. In response to a resolution of the Assembly an itemized cash account report was made to the date of 3Iarch 20, 1893, and pursuant to chapter 236, Laws of 1892, sec- tion 5, an itemized account of all expenditures up to May 2, 1893, inclusive, was filed in the office of the Comptroller. The members of the Board of General Managers and of the Judicial District Com- missions served -ivithout salary, but were allowed traveling and other necessary expenses when in actual service of the State EXPENDITURES. 1892. April 20. Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses .... 29. Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses. . . . Louis M. Howland, general manager, traveling exjienses. . . . 4. Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 5. Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, salary, April 18-30 Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, expenses John Foord, secretary, salary, April 19 to May 2 John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses 18. Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 28. Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses. . . . John Boj'd Thacher, general manager, traveling expenses... . John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses Gorton W. Allen, general manager, expenses to April 30 ... . Gorton W. Allen, general manager, expenses to May 26 Louis M. Howland, general manager, traveling expenses, Chicago, April 28 to May 26 June 2. John Foord, secretarj-, salary. May 3-31 8. Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, salary, May. . .. W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 10. L. M. Howland, traveling expenses, Chicago John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses, Washington, D. C. 16. G. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, salary. May 21 to June 15. . . 18. Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, paid transpor- tation bills, etc., general managers and district commis- sioners and officers to Chicago and return 20. John T. Norton, commissioner, 3d di.strict, traveling expenses. 28. Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, paid bills of postage, stationery, books, office supplies, expenses, etc. 29. Henry Bradley, labor bill, trees for Forestry Building 30. John Foord, secretary, salary, June §41 27 32 37 121 28 35 34 192 30 25 96 115 38 37 50 41 67 58 80 51 30 45 00 36 60 61 80 218 50 234 63 416 66 82 42 188 53 54 80 85 48 ,200 35 15 15 109 30 429 55 250 00 FiXAXClAL EePOET. 5T9 Jiine 30. P. T. TVaU, clerk, salary. April 2S to June lo, $311.33; trav- eling expenses, §40.35 §353 68 Sessions & Sessions, legal services, contracts, etc. (State Building) 200 00 Footing to July, 1893 §4,736 11 Jul5- 1. Donald ^[cXaugbton, chief executive officer, salarv, June. . . 416 68 Clara E. Brown, stenographer, general managers, May 3-14. 30 00 AValter L. Sessions, general manager, expenses, June 9-29.. . 79 40 Henry Stowell, commissioner, 7th district, traveling expen- ses, April 28 to June 2'i 54 66 AYm. II. Rowe, Jr., commissioner, 3d district, expenses 13 45 Wm. S. Kimball, commissioner, 7th district, expenses 38 54 George S. Stevens, clerk, 3d district, salary and expenses. . . . 159 46 Edwin C. Cook, commissioner, 7th district, traveling expen- ses, April 19 to June 6 44 00 8. James "W. Tapjiin, commissioner, 1st district, traveling expenses. Chicago, "Washington, etc 127 30 Richard Delafield. commissioner, 1st district, traveling expen- ses, Chicago, Washington, etc 223 29 Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, bills paid for expenses in General, "Women's and various district boards. 528 23 11. Florence C. Ives, chief officer, "Women's Board, salarj' to June 30. s;133.33; expenses, 82.84 136 17 ^linnie A. Parks, stenographer. May 9 to June 30 88 67 Anna M. Parks, stenographer, JIay"l to June 30 103 00 Ida Y. Burch, stenographer, jlay 23 to June 30 73 00 "W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 12 15 15. P. T. Wall, clerk, salary account, $200; expenses, |14.55... 214 55 16. W. B. Mattice, commissioner, 3d district, expenses and bills. 28 06 19. W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses, Jul)- 13. 36 14 Charles H. Derrick, clerk, salary, :\ray 16'to June 30 93 00 W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses, Jul)' 19. 30 69 H. S. Estcourt, clerk, 4th district, salary, .May 28 to July 1. . 112 90 20. John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses, Washington, D. C. Ill 61 L. jNI. Hovrland, general manager, expenses, June 7-19 64 76 ('has. :M. Lang, official seal of Board of General jManagers. . . 90 00 Jas. W. Tappin, commissioner and treasurer, 1st district, to pay sundr_v bills of salaries of office force from .June 1 to .Julv 1, §387.34; bills of rent, advertising, office expenses, 81. 060.57 ; bills for office furniture and littings, §588.85. . . 3,036 76 21. H. S. Estcoiirt, clerk, 4th district, bills for salaries of stenog- rapher, '§40; printing, office furniture and supplies, etc. . . . 145 38 S6. Donald !McXaugliton. chief officer, .salaiies of clerk and sten- ographer, 7th district, to .Tune 30, .8199.33; notary's bill, §3. 302 33 Gorton W Allen, gen'l manager, expenses. May 31 to July 19. 107 46 Footing to August, 1892. .. . : §10,134 64 Aug. 1. Clias. C. Van Kirk, clerk, 6th district, salary to Junel, §33.33, and expenses, §13.3!) 45 63 2. Donald McNaughtou, chief executive officer, bills of Board of Women JIanagers, official trij), Cliicago, M. C. R. K 376 78 John Foord, secretary, salary, July 250 00 3. Ida Y. Burch, stenographer, salarj', July, General Board. ... 56 00 4.' W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 37 80 5. !J[cKim, Mead - 111 2: FixAxciAL TJepoet. 581 A-Ug. 23. John Pbillips, clerk. 2d district, salary, May 28 to July 31 . . Edmund C. Stanton, clerk, Istdist., salary, June 26 to July 31. Geo. Xiedhardt. clerk, 1st dist., salary, June 28 to Aug. 23. T. F. Farrell, clerk, 2d district, salary. June and July W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st dist., salary, June 30 to Aug. 20 Geo. Tomes, clerk, 1st district, salary, July 2 to August 13. . W. H. Williams, messenger, 7th district, salary, Juiie 2-30.. Brooklyn Citizen, advertising, 2d district Brooklyn Daily Times (Peters & Co.), advertising, 2d district. Brooklyn Freie Presse, advertising, 2d district Brooklyn Standard Union, advertising, 2d district Brooklyn Daily Eagle, printing, advertising, 2d dist., June 6. Brooklyn Daily Eagle, advertising. June 14-21, 2d district . . Wm. Schwarzwaelder & Co. , office desks, furniture, 2d district. Henry Siebert, commissioner, postage, 2d district Fulton Sign Co., signs, 2d district Rapid Addressing Machine Co., 2d district, June 24 Rapid Addressing Machine Co., 1st district, June 30 Geo. P. Rowell Adv. Co., advertising contract, 2d district. . . Thomas Cassin. office, 2d district, linoleum John M. Bahvinkle, office supplies, 2d district, June 24 John M. Bahvinkle, office supplies, 2d district, June 20 Pusey ifc Troxell, office supplies, 1st district, June 1-29 L. B. Tupper, janitor and supplies, 1st district. July 1 T. .J. Whitney, commissioner, 4th district, traveling expenses. R. G. Dun ic Co., list manufacturers, 4th district Hinman & Bolton, signs, 5th district L"tica Daily Press, advertising, 5th district Smith Premier Typewriting Co., furniture, 5th district C. W, Sears, office supplies. 6th district Binghamtou Leader Publishing Co.. printing. 6th district.. . . "Union & Advertiser Co., printing. General Board Edwin C. Cook, commissioner, Tth district, traveling expenses. W. H. Benjamin, clerk, Tth district, office expenses Y. M. Burlc}-, caligraph, Tth district Cyrus Strong, rent, 6th district, June B. S. Curran, Jr., stenographer, 6th dist., June 20 to July 1. C. D. Barnes, janitor, 6th district, May and Jtuie Elbridge Gay, lock, 6th district Chas. E. Morris, office supplies. Tth district E. E. Bausch & Son. advertising lecture. Tth district W. W. Rundel, picture frames, Tth district Estate M. F. Reynolds, rent, Tth district Whittle Bros., decorating assembly parlor. Women's Board. . Capital District Telegraph Co., ser\'ice, May, June and July. American Express Co., bill, July Postal Telegraph Cable Co.. bills. June and July Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, AVomen's Board, expenses and bills. Hudson River Telephone Co.. bill of ilay, June and Jul}'. . . Recorder Publisliing Co.. advertising, .5th district J. L. Kyne, East Syracuse Xews, advertising, oth district. ... J. Coughlan. Watertown Herald, advertising, oth district... . Brockway & Son, Watertown Times, advertising, 6th district. Beers & Kessinger. Rome Sentinel, advertising, 5th district. . 27. Consolidated Transfer Co., carriage account, Women's Board. Donald McXaughton, salary bills, Istdist. , week ending Aug. 6. Donald ilcXaushton, expenses of committees. Women's Board. Geo. Tomes, clerk. 1st district. August 13-20 C. S. & G. C. Lester, lega; services, contract Women's Board. 30. Courier Co., Buffaiv printing. June 11-15, 8th district -Peter Paul & Bro., office supplies, 8ta district F. Todd Patterson, travellig e-xpensos. Women's Board D. & 5L Cbauncey Co., rent, second district office, June 15 to August 1 - Brooklyn Dai'/ Eagle, printing. 2d district George' T. I? nson, ptctiu'e frames, Sth district §234 03 248 65 21 00 400 00 130 00 125 00 16 00 22 50 18 00 18 00 18 00 117 30 23 00 2T3 50 40 00 46 62 19 85 5T 00 106 75 73 5C' 15 85 23 63 92 11 30 40 109 93 75 00 3 00 1 50 30 00 21 60 131 25 39 00 50 30 36 45 25 00 31 50 25 00 10 00 3 10 9 81 26 00 4 60 18 50 25 00 6 93 9 55 63 80 30 38 50 83 5 94 5 60 9 00 23 00 13 .50 19 .50 58 00 114 87 25 00 15 00 43 28 3 40 34 15 166 67 14 50 10 00 5S2 N'EW ToEK AT THE WoELd's COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. Aug. 30. H. I. Knickerbocker, dra-wing, Women's Board |10 00 Oswego Publishmg Co., advertising, 5tb. district 41 00 Footing to September, 1893 §30,619 41 Sept. 3. Hemy Eomeilve, press records 8 55 George S. Stevens, cleric, 3d district, salary account. §130; bills paid, $1.46 131 46 P. T. Wall, clerk, salary account, §100; expenses, $11.75 111 75 R. Fleming, boy, salary, July 4 to August 31 35 00 I. V. Burcb, stenographer, salary, August 60 00 John Foord, secretary, salary, August 350 00 Anna I. Jennj^ss, stenographer, saltuy. Women's Board 40 00 Florence C. Ives, chief olflcer, salary. Women's Board 166 66 John H. Larkin, clerk, salary to August 31 30 36 T. F. Farreir, clerk, 3d district, salary, August 300 00 John Phillips, clerk, 3d district, salary, August 135 00 Edmund C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, bill, salary account. . 50 00 P. J. Cuskley, rent of office, 1st district 300 00 8. AVm. H. Burtis, printing. General Board 3 00 Brandow Printing Co., printing. General Board 7 40 H. O'Neill & Co., office fittings. Women's Board 69 93 Kapid Addressing Machine Co., labor, 8th district 10 00 E. C. Bridgman, State map, judicial districts 15 00 National Express Co., bill for August 8 59 P. J. Cuskley, office rent. Women's Board, to. September 1. . 56 43 Hudson Eiver Telephone Co., bill for August 13 54 Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, salar}^ August. . 416 67 John M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, salaiy, ust 54 00 S. E. Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district lary, August. . 30 00 H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, salary, August 50 00 W. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, salary, August 100 00 Wm. Green, clerk, 1st district, salary, August 6-31 35 00 W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, salary, August 30-81 . . 30 00 Geo. Tomes, clerk, 1st district, salary, August 30-31 37 50 Edmund C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, office bills, to August 39. 38 40 Edmund C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, for August 308 38 R. B. Hough, traveling expenses. Forestry 87 36 H. Koons, commissioner, 8th district, traveling expenses. ... 43 87 H. W. Box, commissioner, 8th district, traveling expenses. . . 43 87 | Margaret Tomes, clerk. Women's Board, salary, $103.33, and bills paid, §15.08 117 41 ' G. T. Smith, traveling expenses, 8th district 28 58 H. S. Estcourt, 4th district, salary, §100, August; bills, §36.03. 136 03 F. O. Howard, 6th district, salary, $75, August; bills, $11.15. 86 15 13., Minnie A. Parks, stenographer, salary, August 50 00 Anna M. Parks, stenographer, salary, August 50 00 Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses. Women's Board. 39 33 E. C. Stanton, 1st district, office expenses, July 43 14 C. W. Sears, 6th district, office supplies 33 50 Juliet Corson, traveling expenses. Women's Board 17 75 Courier Printing Co., Syracuse, 5th district, advertising 1 50 Moser & Lyon Co., Syracuse, 5th district, office supplies. ... 1 45 The Argus Co., printing, August 3-30, Women's Board 47 00 The Argus Co., printing, August 1-35, General Board 134 45 Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan, traveling expenses 17 95 Hall & McChesney, envelopes, 5th district 3 35 Mrs. F. P. Bellamy, traveling expenses, Women's Board .... 35 93 Boyd Directory Co., book , 3 50 Utica Daily Press Co., advertising, .5th district 31 35 C. W. Clare, Watertown R^-Union, advertising, 5th district. . 10 00 P. E. Kelly, Utica Sunday Tribune, advertising, 5th district. 10 00 Lena P. Bennett, clerk, salary for August 100 00 American Express Co., bill for August, Women's Board 6 18 F. D. Shea, typewriter supplies 15 50 American Express Co. , bill. General Board ..... 36 38 Cyrus Strong, rent of office, 6th district, July and August. . . 50 00 Financial Ebpoet. 583 SeDt. 13. H. Duffy, commissioner, 6th district, traveling expenses §66 86 F. J. Root, 6tli district, office lighting 9 15 Donald McNaughton, paid twelve bills, in General, Dairy and Indian Boards 236 00 Donald ^ilciSraughton, paid six hills, AVomen's Board 153 63 Moore, Campbell & Kellner, rent, office, 8th district, August. 40 00 W. B. Kirk, office, 5th district, rent, August 30 00 National Press Intelligence Co., press records. Women's Board 5 30 W. T. Ransom, commissioner, Sth district, traveling expenses. 73 65 Heniy Stowell, commissioner, Tth district, traveling expenses. 51 49 H. Romeike, press records 5 79 14. Geo. A. Fuller Co., payment on State Building 24,000 00 20. Mrs. C. F. Wadsworth, expenses. Women's Board 37 66 J. Imogen Howard, expenses. Women's Board 17 05 C. P. Pentield, office stationery, 4th district 6 65 F. L. Underhill, clerk. Agricultural Bureau, salary, August. 125 00 Standard PubUshing Co., advertising, 5th district 44 40 Postal Telegraph Cable Co., bill for August 11 48 Fire Extinsuisher Manufacturing Co., extinguishers for New York State Building 300 00 Western Union Telegraph Co., bill for August 53 85 John H. Larkin, clerk, salary, September 1-15 37 50 Mrs. George Waddington, traveling expenses 28 75 Smith & Clonney, frames, etc., 6th district 8 20 McElroy & Fancher, furniture, 6th district 7 50 C. D. Barnes, janitor, July and August, 6th district 20 00 G. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, salary, July 15 to September 1, §150, and bills, 54.02 154 02 B. S. Curran, clerk. 6th district, salary, July and August, §150, and bills, §10.15 160 15 Josiah ShuU, traveling expenses. Dairy 6 68 Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses. Women's Board. 7 60 Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses. Women's Board 18 65 Palladium Printing Co., advertising, oth district 49 00 Utica Deutsche Zeitung Co. , advertising, Sth district 18 00 C. W. :iMiller, livery account, Sth district 3 00 30. F. 0. Howard, Oth dist., salary, Aug. §83.33; expenses, §13.60.. 96 93 Frances T. Patterson, traveling expenses. Women's Board. . . 18 10 Mrs. W. J. Averell, traveUng expenses. Women's Board 15 84 Emily Huntington, traveling expenses. Women's Board 9 85 Geo. Tonics, clerk, 1st district, salarj', September 1-24 87 59 W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, salary, September 24. 70 00 Wm. Green, clerk, fst district, salary, September 34 35 00 Geo. Neidhardt. boy. 1st district, salary, September 24 10 50 Columbian Celebration Committee, New York city 10,000 00 IVIrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses, Women's Board. 7 10 Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses, Women's Board 13 00 Eastman Kodak Co., photographs 30 50 Donald McNaughton, eleven bills paid 103 96 John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses 40 00 Footing to October, 1893 §60,700 12 Oct. 4. Florence C. Ives, Women's Board, salary, September, §166.66; expenses, §13.40 179 06 G. S. Stevens, 3d district, salary §120; bills paid, §11.31 131 31 John Foord, secretarj% salary, September 250 00 Donald McNaughton, September salarj' 416 66 John Larkin, clerk, September 16-30, salary 37 50 Mrs. Ralph Trautman, traveling expenses. Women's Board. . 8 45 Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, travehng expenses. Women's Board. 7 95 D. & M. Chauncey Co., office rent, 2d district, September. . . 66 67 P. J. Cusklev. agent, rent office, September, Women's Board. 83 33 Geo. A. Fuller Co., payment New York State Building. . . . 17,650 00 John Phillips, clerk, 2d district, salary to October 1 137 09 Thos. F. Farrell, clerk, 2d district, salary to October 1 300 00 584: Kew York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Oct. 4. New York and New Jersey Telex^houe Co., 2d district, three. mouths to September 30 $42 93 TifEanj' & Co., engraving and stationery, 1st district office. . . 255 00 American Telephone Booth Co., teleplionc booth, 1st district. 151 60 5. Minnie A. Parlis, stenographer, salarj', September 52 00 Anna M. Parlis, stenographer, salary, September 53 00 I. V. Burch, stenographer, salary, September 54 00 Anna I. Jenny ss, stenographer, salary, Women's Board. ... 50 00 Miss M. 31. Love, traveling expenses. Women's Board 36 30 Harper & Bros., printing pictures. New York State Building. 85 00 H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, September 50 00 Wm. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, salary, September. . . . 100 00 F. L. Underbill, clerk. Agriculture, salary, September 125 00 James Wood, traveling expenses. Agriculture and bills 186 13 8. W. L. Ses.sions, auditor, traveling expenses 46 66 W. G. Mitchell, advertising expenses, 7th district 7 50 W. B. Kirk, office, 5tli district, rent, September 1 30 00 J. W. Sanborn, superintendent Ethnology, salary, September, $125; expenses and bills paid, §38.30 153 30 C. P. Meade, engrossing, 5th district 15 00 National Express Co., bill, September 6 34 26. Adams & Hodgman, livery bill, 4th district 23 00 S. E. Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district, salary to Oct. 1. . 50 00 John M. Fake, clerk, 4tli district, salary, September 53 00 H. S. Estcourt, clerk, 4thdist., salary, $100; expenses, §18.63.. 118 63 L. Ingalls, advertising, 5th district 11 25 Moore, Campbell & Kellner, office rent, 8th dist., September.. 35 00 W. H. Abbott, photographs, 5th district ; 3 00 Mrs. F. P. Bellamj', traveling expenses 14 33 Geo. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, September salary 100 00 W. H. Gilbert, traveling expenses. Dairy 73 56 Hudson Pi ver Telephone Co. , September bill 33 34 Jesse M. Sweeney, stenographer 6 00 E. Fleming, office boy, salary, September 13 00 G. T. Powell, traveling expenses and bills paid. Horticulture. 94 15 27. Margaret Tomes, clerk, Women's Board, salary account, $108.33 ; other bills, §80.09 188 42 E. N. Doubleday, photograph account, 4th district 77 85 31. J. F. Hawkins, clerk, 6tii district, salary, September, $100 ; bills and traveling expenses, $20.55 "■ 30 55 Hez. Bowen, Agricultural department, salary account, $175; bills, $10.50; traveling expenses, $138.71 314 31 F. O. Howard, clerk, 6tii district, salary, September, $83.33 ; bills, 75 cents; traveling expenses, $34.56 118 64 Cyrus Strong, Jr., rent, office, 6th district 35 00 Albany News Co., office supplies 9 40 John P. Humphrey, janitor, 6th district, September. 10 00 B. S. Curran, Jr., 6th dist., salary, Sept., $75; expenses, $3.45. 77 45 W. H. Williams, messenger, 7th district, thirteen weeks 53 00 William Green, clerk, 1st district, September 34 to October 15. 38 33 Geo. Tomes, clerk, 1st district, October 1-15 70 84 W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, October 1-15 56 66 E. C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, September 1 to October 15.. 313 50 Geo. Neidhardt, 1st district office, September 34 to October 15. 8 50 Union & Advertiser Co., printing bill 13 35 Footing to November, 1893 $83,403 73 Nov. 1. P. T. Wall, clerk, salary, September 1-10 and October 8-31.. 331 47 John H. Larkin, clerk, salary. S75; expenses, $11.15 86 15 3. John Foord, secretary, salary, October, $350; traveling expenses, $97.10; bills paid, $6.95 354 05 W. L. Sessions, general manager, auditor, traveling expenses. 43 25 Anna I. Jennyss, stenographer, salary, October 50 00 T. W. Loftus, superintendent State Building, salary, October 90 00 Minnie A Parks, stenographer, salary, October 52 00 Anna 31. Parks, stenographer, October salary 50 00 o o 7^ Financial Bepoet. 585 Nov. 2. I. V. Bureli, October salary |58 00 6. S. Stevens, clerk, 3d district, salary account, $130; travel ing expenses, S3-1.41; postage paid, §85.15 John Phillips, clerk, Sd district, salary account T. F. Farrell, clerk, 2d district, salary account D. & ;M. Chauncey, rent, offlce, 2d district, October Gavit it Co., stationery, 3d district Florence 0. Ives, chief officer. Women's Board, October salary, S1(;G.66; traveUng expenses, 686.09; bills, $1.15... John T. Norton, commissioner, traveling expenses, 3d district. 8. L. M. Ilowland, August and September bills and expenses.. . 7. Margaret Tomes, AYomen's Board, salaries, §115.83; traveling exisenses, §46.80; bills, 89.35; furniture, $7.06 Adams & Ilodgman, liverj' account, 4th district American Express Co., September, Women's Board T. .1. Whitney, commissioner, 4th district, traveling expenses. John M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, October salary S. E. Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district, October salary.. Mrs. W. J. Averell, traveling expenses. Women's Board Miss M. il Love, traveling expenses. Women's Board P. J. Cusklej', rent, office, October F. J. H. Merrill, traveling expenses. Scientific exhibit H. J. Rogers, Education, salary, Oct. 15 to Nov. 1, §87.50; traveling expenses, !|;15.05 10. E. P. Bailey & Co , advertising, oth district L. C. Ackler, clerk, Dairy department, to November 1 Josiah Shull, commissioner, l)airy, expenses and bills H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, October salary W. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, October salary Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses. Women's Board. Mrs. F. P. Bellamy, traveling expenses, bills. Women's Board. Jliss. Anna Roosevelt, expenses and bills. Women's Board.. . W. B. Kirk, office rent, 5th district, October H. S. Estcourt, clerk, 4th district, salary, October, §100; traveling expenses, §59. 89 11. L. M. Howlaud, August and September expenses 14. R. Fleming, office boy, salary, October P. T. Wall, traveling expenses, etc P. J. Cuskley, rent. 1st district, July, September and October. Jno. R. Moyuihan. clerk, salary, Oct. §67.74: expenses, §65.51. Hudson River Telephone Co., bill, October E. L. Hanes. stenographer, seventeen days. Scientific Heinrich Ries, traveling expenses. Scientific Mrs. George Waddington, traveling expenses. Women's Board. D. A. Van Ingen. traveling expenses. Scientific exhibit Frances T. Patterson, traveling expenses, Wonien's Board.. . Mrs. Erastus Corning, traveling expenses. Women's Board. . H. J. Rogers. Education, salary, $96; bills. §55.90 F. L. Underbill, clerk. Agricultural bureau, salary, October. John W. Sanborn, supt., Ethnology, salary, October, §125; bills, $13.99 R. B. Hough, superintendent. Forestry. traveUng expenses. . J. F. Hawkins, Oth dist. , salary. October. §100; expenses, §13.40. Cyrus Strong, rent. 6th district office, October 15. Lena P. Bennett, clerk. 5th dist., salary, October 16 L. M. Howland, general manager, expenses, October G. S. Stevens, bills paid. General and Women's Board. Indian, Charities exhibit, vouchers T. W. Loftus, superintendent. State Building. July .salary. . . 21. American Express Co., account. September and October.. . . Postal Telegraph Cable Co. , account. September and October. W^estern Union Telegraph Co.. bill, September and October. . Metropolitan Storage and Transportation Co., October bill. Agricultural bureau W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, salary, to November 15. 74 239 56 125 00 200 00 66 67 32 75 253 90 46 90 400 00 179 04 26 00 2 10 68 65 52 00 6 00 91 66 28 67 83 33 36 90 102 55 19 38 25 00 49 75 50 00 100 00 126 73 19 39 103 00 30 00 159 89 200 00 13 00 58 85 600 00 133 25 13 54 34 00 97 76 48 75 53 40 31 14 85 00 151 90 125 00 138 99 117 65 113 40 25 00 83 33 223 33 67 45 62 00 18 04 .53 19 109 90 50 00 90 00 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Nov. 31. Wm. Green, clerk, 1st district, salary, to November 15 §45 00 E. C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, salary, to November 15. . . . 208 33 M. B. Mattice, commissioner, treasurer 3d district, expenses. 28 30 The Argus Co., printing account. Women's and General Boards, September 3 to October 26 362 11 B. Quiun, mailing tubes 14 50 F. Schilling, stone cutting, etc.. Scientific exhibit Ill 97 R. B. Hougli, superintendent. Forestry, traveling expenses. . 241 53 D. A. Van Ingen, traveling expenses. Scientific exhibit 44 99 22. S. I. Ford, Johnson & Co., chairs, dedication State Building. 121 00 John Boyd Thaclier, traveling expenses 50 70 McKim, ]\Iead & White, architects' commission. State Building. 1,041 25 Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, salary, October, §416.67; bills for General, Women's and Ethnology Boards. 920 12 28. National Express Co., bill, October 7 28 R. Delafield, commissioner, 1st district, traveling expenses. . . 165 60 S. G. Spier, typewriter supplies. General and Women's Boards. 43 10 Mrs. J. S. T. Stranahan, traveling expenses 108 15 Donald McNaughton, seven bills paid. General, Women's and Ethnology exhibits 134 20 Miss Annie Hemstrought, expenses. Women's Board 47 50 A. L. Hough, photographer's hill. Forestry exhibit 225 00 Fi'aser & Kelly, carting. Scientific exhibit 16 52 A. A. Wing, statistical table work, Charities exhibit 63 00 W. H. Williams, messenger, 7th district, October 17 38 D. A. Van Ingen, salary, §52; expenses, 845.13; Scientific. . . 97 13 Mrs. C. F. Wadsworth. traveling expenses, 'Women's Board. 72 03 Rochester Awning and Tent Co., flags. State Building 21 00 John Foord, secretary, printing, dedication State Building. . . 55 56 C. L. Hinton, posing, etc., statue of Hudson 34 00 Mrs. E. G. Halsey, traveling expenses. Women's Board 30 10 Mrs. C. Wheeler, traveling expenses. Women's Board 114 20 Mrs. F. P. Bellam}', traveling expenses, Women's Board 17 70 Miss J. I. Howard, traveling expenses. Women's Board 67 50 Consolidated Transfer Co., carriages. Women's Board 8 00 Ira H. Woolson, labor. Scientific exhibit 21 00 Metropolitan Telegraph and Telephone Co., October account. 37 35 Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses. Women's Board 53 43 Footing to December, 1893 $94,630 71 Dec. 2. L. M. Howland, general manager, expenses. General Board.. 271 88 8. John Foord, secretary, salary, November 350 00 9. F. H. Vick, account, superintendent. Floriculture, salary, $100; travehng expenses, §140.63 340 63 Florence C. Ives, Women's Board, salary, November, $166.66; expenses, §20.95 187 61 I. V. Burch, stenographer, salary account 53 00 Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses, Women's Board. 44 73 T. W. Loftus, salary, August and September 180 00 H. O'Neill & Co., furniture. Women's department 18 00 Metropolitan Telephone and Telegraph Co., bill of August and September, 1st district. 48 50 E. C. Stanton, rent, November, of 1st district office 300 00 P. J. Cuskley, agent, rent, November, Women's Board 83 33 Blakley & Rogers, printing, Charities exhibit 39 50 B. W. Wooster & Co., furniture. General Board 31 00 Ford, Johnson & Co , furniture. State Building. 7 75 Keuffel & Esser, drawing material, charities exhibit 43 10 John H Larkin, clerk, salary November 75 00 P T. Wall, clerk, salary. Ifovemher 300 00 ' Donald McNaughton. chief executive officer, salary- $416.66; and seven bills. General and Women's Boards. §907.31. . . , 1,323 87 R. Fleming, office bov. salary November 13 OQ G, T Smith, clerk, 8th district, October salary 100 00 W. E. Smith, assistant cleik, 8th district, Jiine. July, August and September salary 300 00 1390 45 200 00 135 00 66 67 50 00 54 00 20 00 107 25 72 00 19 39 10 00 144 63 Financial Kepoet. 587 ■Dec. 9. H. J. Rogers, Education, salary account, S315; expenses, §75.45. T. F. Fa'rrcll, clerk, 2d district, salary, November John Phillips, clerk. 2d district, siilary, November D. & 51. C'hauncey Co., rent, 2d district office, November . . . E, L. Hanes, stenographer. Scientific exhibit John M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, salary, November S. E. VanBuren. stenographer, 4th district, salary. November. H. S. Estcourt, clerk,"4th district, salary, November, I^IOO; bills, §7.25 Mary E. Sculley, stenographer, to November 30, Charities exhibit ." L. P. Bennett, 5th district, November salary, §100; bills,$19.39.. John Humphrev, janitor, 6th district, one month G. S. Stevens, 3d district, salary §120; bills, §24.63 New York Central and Hudson River Railroad Co., transpor- tation account, escort. Troop A ,646 00 Wagner Palace Car Co., transportation and subsistence account. Troop A . 420 00 W. H. Underwood, transportation and subsistence account, 31. C. R. R. Co., Troop A 155 00 Capt. C. F. Roe (Troop A); horses, etc., $1,384.75; Western Union Telegraph Co. account, !{;16.10,cartageaccount,§21. 25. 1,423 10 J. T. Nevin, forage account. Troop A 217 20 Acker, Merrill & Condit. stores, etc.. Troop A 372 94 A. E. Braithwaite, music. Troop A 72 00 AY. S. Johnson & Bro., meals en route, Troop A 180 00 G. Hurrj-, supplies. Troop A 47 00 American Express Co., transportation, horses. Troop A 2,500 00 14. Anna I. Jennyss, stenographer. Women's Board, November.. 50 00 Hudson River Telephone Co., bill for November 16 44 National Express Co., bill for November 3 45 W. C. Clarke, services, $23; expenses, §27.39; Scientific 49 39 Henry Koons, commissioner, 8th district, traveling expenses. 57 50 Geo. T. Smith, clerk, Sth district, traveling expenses 58 50 W. T. Ransom, commissioner, 8th district, expenses 78 71 W. G. Eberhardt, services, $24; expenses, $44.37, Scientific. 68 37 Margaret Tomes, Women's Board, salar}' account, $139.33; traveling expenses, $20.80; bills paid, §67.17 227 30 H. Romeike, press records 8 25 J. F. Hawkins, clerk, 6th district, salary, $100; bills, $5 105 00 A. M. .Collins Manufacturing Co., cardboard. Scientific 11 70 F. J. H. Jlcrrill, office expenses. Scientific exhibit 13 44 University State of New York, clerical work. Women's Board. 101 00 J.W. Sanborn, Ethnology, salary, Nov., $125; expenses $17. 24. 143 34 Annie Campbell, labor statistics. Women's Board.. 33 33 R. D. White, services, §42; expenses, §87.72; Scientific 129 72 Annie G, Wall, labor statistics. Women's Board 53 33 C. Strong. Jr., rent, office. 6th district, November 25 00 Richardson & Foos, printing, Chicago dedication 24 00 Wallbridge & Co., office furniture, 8th district 13 40 H. W. Box, commissioner, Sth district, travelino: expenses. . . 65 25 H. Ries, services, §81; expenses, §164.43; bills, $8T09; Scientific. 353 51 S. 31. Savage, services, §26; traveling account, §63; bills paid, 50 cents; Scientific exhibit 89 59 Anna M. Parks, stenograjiher, salary account 50 00 T. W. Loftus, superintendent. State Building, salary account. 90 00 16. John Foord, secretary, traveling expenses 24 60 Central Union Transfer Co., storage. Horticultural exhibit. .. 18 90 O. L. Hershiser, expenses, §56.40; bills, §13,25; Apiarian 69 65 Citizens' Publishing Co., printing. Dairy exhibit 33 50 M. T. 3Iorgan, services, $60; expenses, $73.73; bills, §1.39; Dairv 135 12 Josiah Shull, travehng expenses, $21. .58; bills paid, $18.39.. 39 87 F. L. Underbill, clerk. Agriculture, salary, November 125 00 James Wood, superintendent. Agriculture, traveling expenses, §161.48; bills paid, §29.67 191 15 588 New Toek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. Dec. 16. Frances T. Patterson, expenses, etc.. Women's Board Mrs. C. F. Wadsworth, expenses, etc., Women's Board Rapid Addressing Machine Co., Chicago dedication invitations. J. I. Ho-\vard, traveling and other bills paid. Women's Board. Chas. L. Hinton, services and expenses. Statuary W. B. Kirli, rent, 5th district office, Kovember National Express Co., bill. Scientific exhibit T. F. Romeyn, boxes. Scientific exhibit L. P. Benne'tt, .3th district, salary, |100; Kov. bills, $4.16 . . . George T. Powell, Horticultural department, salary account, S50; traveling, $24..36; biUs paid, §14.40 F. O. Howard, 6th district, salary, Nov. SS3.33; bills, SI. 50.. B. S. Curran, clerk, 6th district, salarj^ October and Novem- ber, !5;150; bills paid, §38.25 W. H. Gilbert, Dairy, traveling, §118.31; bills, §35.15 Postal Telegraph Cable Co. , bill, November D. A. Van Ingen, services, §2<:' traveling, §77.49; bills paid, §1.20; Scientific exhibit ' W. B. Dwight, services, §54; traveling, §9.51; bills paid, §47.94; Scientific exhibit AVm. Green, clerk, 1st district, salary, November 16-30 Amberg File & Index Co., 1st district, furniture, office W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, November 16-30. . . E. C. Stanton, office expenses . .-. ■ W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses Samuel Martin, locks, etc., 1st district office L. B.Tupper, janitor, Istdist., fivemos., $100; expenses, §5.'60. John Humphrey, janitor, 6th district Yates & Durturf, photographs, 5th district Bell Telephone Co., 8th district, six months' contract 20. Auditorium Hotel Co., Chicago, dedication, October, 1892... ililligan & Co., Hyde Park Hotel Co., Chicago dedication, October, 1892 ' Rand & McNally, printing, Chicago dedication, October, 1893. D. McCarthy & Co., furniture account, 5th district Barnes, Hengerer & Co., furniture account, 8th district C. F. Dall, furniture account, 8th district P. J. Donley, furniture account, 6th district McElroy & Fancher, furniture account, 6th district Ward's Natural Science Establishment, payment on State Relief Map W. H. Underwood, agent Michigan Central railroad, special train, October, to and from Chicago 23. Harden Hand Grenade Co., for New York State Building. . . . Alfred Wilcox, flagstaff account, New York State Building. . James Butler, messenger, account Wm. Green, clerk, 1st district, salary to December 15 W. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st district, salary to December 15. E. C. Stanton, clerk, salary to December 15 H. V. Cronin, stenographer, 7th district, salary, November. . W. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, salary, November G. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, salary, November Martha D. Bessey, design seal. Women's Board H. J. Rogers, Education, salary account, §57.50; bills paid, §148.21; traveling, $1.58.64 E. G. Fowler, Horticulture, salary, $166.66; travelina:, §37.05. 30. F. H. Vick, Floriculture, §80; bills, §4.35; traveling, §91.56. S. D. Willard, Horticulture, salary account, §285.75; bills, §33.31; stock for exhibit, ^224.70; expenses, §135.13 E. C. Stanton, 1st district, office expenses, $35 96; Meti-opoli- tan Telegraph and Telephone Co., $36.90 Geo. T. Powell, Horticulture, bills, $47.75; supplies, $36.75.. Hotel Iroquois, Buffalo, account Chicago trip. October, 1893.. Henry Stowell, commissioner, 7th district, traveling expenses . H. Bowen, Agriculture, salary, §335; expenses, $118.63; bills §3.04; supplies for exhibit, §32.75 $37 55 34 90 33 50 74 58 90 31 30 00 23 55 43 75 104 16 88 96 84 83 178 35 153 46 15 68 103 69 111 45 21 66 50 00 43 33 6 00 27 17 8 00 105 60 10 00 16 00 35 25 1,317 30 618 40 138 10 326 86 66 08 79 50 51 00 138 00 2,000 00 3,668 65 54 00 30 00 34 00 21 66 43 33 208 33 50 00 100 00 100 00 30 00 364 35 193 71 175 81 677 89 72 86 84 50 104 45 83 84 372 41 Pennsylvania Nlw Yukk MAIN AVENUE FC Massachusett PE BUiLUINGS FixAxciAL Eepoet. 589 Dec. 30. D. A. Tan Ingen. labor, $U; expenses, $33.63; bills, 75 cents. $48 38 Moore, Campbell & Kellner, rent, 8th district, for October and November 80 00 P. J. Cuskley, agent, rent, Women's Board, for December. . . 83 33 AV. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 28 99 Scrantom, "W'etmore & Co., stationery. 'U'omcu's Board 10 90 Fraser & Kelly, carting, Scientitic exhibit 27 44 Henry Siebert, 2d district, office expenses, .Tunc 21 to Kov. . . 60 85 31. .Tohn Foord, salary, December, 8250; expenses, 829.50 279 50 .John II. Reynolds, salary account 190 00 Footing to .I.auuary 1, 1893 8121,382 40 1893. Jan. r,. Geo. A. Fuller Co., payment on State Building 10,000 00 .Tohn H. Larkin, clerk, salary, December 75 00 P. T. AVall, clerk, salary . . ." 200 00 Anna I. .Tennyss, stenographer, salary account 50 00 Donald McKaughton, chief executive officer, salary, Decem- ber ; 416 67 Annie S. "Wall, salarj', statistics, December, AY omen's Board. 100 00 Annie Campbell, salar}-, statistics, December, AVomen's Board. 100 00 H. Hies, services, §51; expenses, 875.72; bills, $4.70 131 42 Floi-ence C. Ives, chief officer, AVomen's Board, salary, Decem- ber, 8166.66; traveling expenses, 87.70; bills, 811.68 186 04 Kew York and jSTew .Jersey Telephone Co., 2d district, bill, 3 months 38 50 D it AI. Chaimcey Co., rent, 2d district, December 66 67 T. F. Farrell, clerk, salary, 2d district, December 200 00 .Jolm Phillips, clerk, .salary, 2d district, December 125 00 Geo. T. PoAvell, Horticulture, bills, 814.80; supplies .8221.89. 236 69 6. C. Snow, A'iticulture, traveling, $71.85; supplies, .|l30; bills paid, 812.47 114 33 AV. T. Comstock, printing pictures, State Building 10 00 E. L. Hanes. stenographer, December, Scieutiflc 50 00 D. M. Somers, commissioner, 2d district, traveling expenses. 13 25 A. S. Cotton, photos 10 00 AVagner P.alace Car Co., account, Chicago trip, October, 1892. 22 00 H. .'J. Rogers, Education, salaries, October, .8390; bills, $5..50. 395 50 P. .J. Cu.s'kley, agent, rent, 1st district, office, December 200 00 AVm. Green, clerk, 1st district, salary, December 16-31 23 33 AV. F. Stetler, stenographer, 1st dist., salary December 16-31 .• 46 67 Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses, 864.42; bills, .83.15 67 57 6. G. S. Stevens, clerk, 3d district, salary, $120; bills, $83.74. . . 203 74 Ida A'. I5urch, stenographer, salary, December 54 00 .Vuna AI. Parks, stenographer, salary, December 50 00 Hudson River Telepiione Co., bill, December 10 74 10. Cieo. T. Smith, clerk, 8th district, salary, December 100 00 11. Tiffany &. Co., printing, Chicago orestry exhibit R. B. Hough, travehng, etc., §8.95; labor, §37.90; bills, §15.66, stock, §6; Forestry exhibit 16. John Foord, secretary', expenses, §176.60; stock, §19.55 H. Romeike, press records C. M. Lang, design for illustrating book, etc. Finances T. Patterson, expenses, Women's Board T. W. Loftus. salary, §90; travehng, §22; bills, §1.20 George C. Snow, traveling, §98,65; salary account, |75; bills, §7^91; stock, §39.23; Viticulture 17 F. L. Underbill, salary, clerk. Agriculture, for January M, F. Pierson, expenses, ^65.59; salary, §78; bills, §7.12; Agriculture , Metropolitan Storage and Transfer Co., January, Agriodture. James Wood, traveling, §34.85; bills paid, §23.39; Agriculture. Heliotj'pe Printing Co. , printing. Women's Board Mrs. Ralph Trautman, traveling expenses. Women's Board. . Mrs. George Waddington, travehng, §20.20; bills paid, |18; Women's Board $111 21 15 78 50 00 91 66 208 11 40 80 15 90 13 25 50 00 2 00 9 00 65 75 27 40 50 00 350 00 19 64 13 47 16 23 9 35 5 00 100 00 18 58 88 38 25 00 10 00 100 00 50 00 113 50 53 00 31 00 1 85 33 75 13 25 60 00 13 00 2 75 1 00 3 50 7 00 408 10 348 64 100 00 50 00 338 39 58 51 196 15 13 13 125 00 48 8% 113 30 310 79 135 00 150 71 114 33 58 14 21 50 15 35 38 30 Financial Report. 593 Fsb. 17. Western Union Telegraph Co., November to Febniaiy §93 35 W. L. Sessions, general nianajur, traveling expenses 30 61 Jackson Park Livery Stables, Chicago, account for October, 1893, Dedication 36 50 F. C. Parker, traveling expenses. Forestry exhibit 84 90 Mrs. Susie Walton, shells. Scientific exhibit 11 40 W. H. Gilbert, traveling, etc., §100.88; labor, S30; bills, §10.35; Dairy exhibit 141 13 Thomas JIattimore. canal map. Transportation exhibit 18 75 F. II. Elter, watchman, Chicago, State Building 96 00 W. F. Stetler, stenographer. 1st district 13 33 John E. Hetherington, stock. Apiarian exhibit 43 08 W. H. Williams, messenser. 7th district, salary, January. ... 17 33 28. H.J. Rogers, traveling, §63.50; bills paid, §351.22; Education. 314 73 Footing to March, 1893 §156,579 13 lilarch 3. George S. Stevens, clerk, 3d district, salary account 130 00 Daniel Bateheller, labor. Agriculture 50 00 H. Bowen, traveling expenses, §50.98; salary, §135; bills, §18.47, Agriculture 194 45 Moore, Campbell & Kellner, rent, 8th district 40 00 George T. Smith, salary, §100; bills paid, §8.38; 8th district. 108 38 Lehmaicr & Bro., printing 3,000 souvenir books 500 00 P. T. Wall, salary account, §300; bills paid, §8 308 00 John H. Reynolds, salary account 150 00 R. H. Lansing, stenographer, salary, §14; expenses, §5.71. ... 19 71 The Argus Co., printing 304 03 P. J. Cuskley, agent, rent, Women's Board, February, §83.33; 1st district, rent. February, §300 .' 383 33 Anna I. Jennyss, stenographer. Women's Board, Februar}'. . . 50 00 Wm. Green, clerk, 1st district, February salary 40 00 L. B. Tupper, janitor, 1st district, February salary 30 00 Edmund C. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, February salary 308 33 3. H. Ries, assistant geologist, February salary, Scientific 75 00 E. L. Hanes, stenographer, February salary, Scientific 55 00 S. G. Spier, typewriter supplies. Scientific exhibit 18 00 Annesley & Co., supplies. Scientific exhibit 10 80 T. F. Romej'n, boxes. Scientific exhibit 8 75 L. M. Luquer, traveling, §37; labor, §16.50; bills, §1.40 54 90 E. W. Vine, typewriter, rent account. Charities 35 00 Fay Kennell, stock. Apiarian exhibit 4 00 R. M. Myers & Co., stationery 90 66 Peter McCabe, cement, etc.. Transportation exhibit 4 75 lUi's. Candace Wheeler, expenses, §103.30; labor, §15 117 30 E. Imhauser, watchman's clock, State Building 76 00 J. R. Moynihan, clerk, salary, Januar}', §100; expenses, §29.58. 129 58 Florence C. Ives, cliief officer, Women's Board, salarj', Feb- ruary, §166.66; traveling, §7.30; bills paid, §4.44 178 30 8. Capital District Telegraph Co., service, months November, December, January and February (4) 8 15 J. R. Movnihan, clerk, salarj', February, §100 ; expenses, §13.66.." 113 66 Anna lil. Parks, stenographer, salary, February 50 00 Donald McNaughton, chief executive officer, salary, February. 416 67 John Foord, secretarj-, salary, February 350 00 Jas. F. Craig, clerk, salary, February 75 00 Jos. A. Cunningham, assistant clerk, salary, to March 6 50 00 Ida V. Burch, stenographer, salary, Februarv 56 00 Kittle :\Ionroe, Women's Board, salary. FcbrWry 10-28 82 00 S. E. Van Buren, stonographer, 4th district, salar}'. February. 30 00 ■ John M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, salary, Februarv 48 00 Geo. T. Powell, traveling expenses, 83y>J3; salary;§150; biUs, §9.48; stock bought, 836 60; Horticulture 336 01 L. C. Ackler, salary, Februarv, clerk. Dairy exhibit 50 00 Josiah .Shull, traveling, if;9.57," and other bills, $8.25 17 82 T. W. Loftus, salary , 90 00 75 594 New York at -mE Wokld's Coi.ltmiuan Exi'Osition. March 8. D. & M. Cliaunc-cv Co., vent, 2il district, ollice, Fcbruarv $66 67 'V. P. FnrrcU, clcik, 3il district, sal.iry, February 300 00 John Phillips, clcrli, 2d district, salnry, February 135 00 J. .1. Donlon, salary, Jaiuuiry and February, $300; traveling, S3,yO; Floriculture " 303 80 F. L. Undcriiill, salary, February, Agricidliu'e 125 00 M. E. Sculloy, stenon-raiiher, C'liarilies, tii February 3l! 74 00 T. C. Lcut/.e, labor, '$304, bills, l;,;l,75; Transpurlation exhibit, 305 75 Chas, M. Pepson, labor, canal map. Transport ilioii exliibit. . 119 00 B. Frederick, labor, canal map, Transportalion exhiliit 27 50 F, J, Dunn, labor, canal map, 'Pransiiortalion exhibit 46 50 9. Miss Anna Roosevelt, traveling, ,'i;30.!SO; labor account, S43.iJ0; bills paiil, ,'fi85.H5; Women's Board 158 95 Annie S. Wall, clerk, salarv 28 57 Mrs, A. M. Dodu'c, .salarv acccnmt, 5193; bills paid, §44.35. . , . 136 25 Mrs. C. F. Wadswcn'lh. {ravehug, $41.06; bills paid, $13.70,. 54 76 Miss J. I. Ilow.-ird. bills paid 49 84 Emily Huntington, bills. ,S150; stock, $333.37 473 37 J. W. Sanborn, traveling, ,$(i8.G6; salary, $125; bills paid, ,$9.25; Ethnology 202 91 II. J. iJogers, expenses, $30.65; salaries, $435; Education,,.. 465 05 U. B. Hough, traveling, §51,95; salaries, $55.57; bills, §4.48. 113 t)0 Drew, Allis & Co., bill lor directory 4 00 Albany News Co., ollice supjilies 6 78 American Exjiress Co., bills, .laiiuary and February 31 64 Albany Hardware and Iron Co., supplies. Transportation, 13 13 Municipal Ct;is Co., Transportation exhibit 7 40 B. K. Spebnan, rent, Transporlation exhibit ■ 50 00 10. E. C. Stanton, ollice supplies, 1st district 23 55 B. S. Curran, ,lr., ehiel clerk. 6th district, salaries, January and February, §150; bills, §10 ", 160 00 .1. F. Hawkins,' i-hiet clerk, (ilh district, salary, February... . 100 00 F. O. Howard, clerk, 6th district, salary. February .' 83 33 J. F. Humphrey, janitor, 6th district, salary, February 10 00 C. Strong, .Ir., reiit, 6th district, February 25 00 Jletropolitan Storage , anil Trausl'er Co., Agriculture exhibit. 132 73 Jas, Wood, traveling, 818.00; bills paid, 8l'l, 67; stock, $34.37. 95 00 F. \V. Hayden, TilTt house 44 00 Ward's Is'atiu-al Science Establishment, payment on Slate Keller j\Iap 1,000 00 Van Heusen, Charles & Co,, lamp 13 00 Hudson Kiver Telephone Co., Februarj' bill 9 99 Postal Telegraph Cable Co.. Feliruary bill 12 38 Western Union Telegraph Co., February bill 25 36 14. Gick & Say les, carpenter account, Scientilic exhibit ... 136 36 F, Schilling, stonciaUting and polishing, Scientilic exhibit, . . 942 25 H. Uies, traveling exiieiises, .S.Sti.itS; bills, $6.37; Scii^utilic. 93 35 Thomas Dunn, granite, Scientilic exhibit 60 00 T. F. Komeyn, boxes, Scientitic exhibit 10 55 Thomas Cummings, labor, Scientitic exhibit 51 00 F. J. H, Jlerrill, 'bills, $11.46; stock, $46,50; Scientitic 57 96 Eraser & Kelly, carting, KScientitic exhibit 38 61 W. 0. Clarke, expenses, $151.70; salary, $76; Scientifi<^ 327 70 B. A. Cro.sby, stock for Apiarian I'xliibit 3 00 S. A. Heath, stock I'or Apiarian exhibit 11 31 J. G. Faulkner, stock for Apiarian exhibit 7 50 Kobi. A. Weier, stodv for Aiiiarian exhibit 19 73 Geo. W. Baley i Son, stock for Ajiiariau exhibit 34 84 Jay Dimock, stock fen- Apiarian exhibit 18 00 T.'L. Seotield. stock for Apiarian exhibit 323 49 Lyman Kcid, stock for A|)iarian exhibit 33 84 George Lamoreaux, stock for .Vpiarian exhibit 12 80 E. II. Hutchins, stock for Apiarian exhibit 7 45 Keported to Legislature jMareh 20. Footing $168,037 84 33. AValter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses. ... 38 15 FiNAxciAi, Repokt. 595 March 23. Donald McNaufrhton, eleven bills paid in General, Women's, Forestry and Indian (Ethnology) exhibits 24. Geo. L. Cutter, two months' insurance on jmintings, §500,000.. John Foord, secretary, expense account, Chicago JIary H. Barrell, stenogra|iher, AVdnien's Board H. Bowen, expenses, salaries, labor and stock. Agriculture.. AV. H. Gilbert, traveling expenses, S8T.44; bills, So" 63; Dairy.. Katherine B. Davis, expenses Model Home O. L. Hershiser, eisrht months' salarv, §500; traveling expenses, §59.14; bills paid, §31. (id. Apiarian Lena P. Bennett, clerk, 5th dist., Feb. salary, §100; bills, §4.22. H. G. Avcry, model of canal lock. Transportation exhibit... Alargaret Tomes, 'U'omeu's Board, traveling, §6; salary account, §104.33; bills paid, §43.50 Frank C. Parker, traveling and other expenses. Forestry .... Bernard Frederick, labor on c.an.al I'elief map, Transportation. Donald McNaughton, bills paid, General Board, §50; Forestry, §07; Fine Arts, §1,250 John II, Reynolds, traveling expenses Jos. Mangeue, carting, canal map. Transportation exhibit. . . Frank J. Dunn, labor, canal map, Transportation exhibit. . . . Kittle Jlonroe. Women's Board L. M. Howland, traveUngand other expenses to March 4 27. T. C. Leutze. labor on canal relief map. Transportation exhibit. Howard J, Rogers, expenses, §35.27; stilaries account, §156.70; bills. §17 74"; material, §309.71; Education 28. TV. H. Benjamin, clerk, 7th district, salary, February H. V. Cronin, stenograi)her, 7th district, salary, February. . . W. H. TVilliams, messenger, 7th district, salary, February. . . E. S. Sterry, photographs and enlargements, Transportation. C. M. Pepson, labor, canal relief map, Transportation B. W. 'Wooster Furniture Co., chair and table. Scientific Arthur Hoiliek. traveling and bills paid, Scientific Metropolitan Telegraph and Telephone Co., 1st district, two months' bill Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses. Women's Board Mrs. W. J. Averell, bills paid, 'NVomen's Board W. S. Budworth & Sou, rent, I'arting, packing and freight Women's Board S. G. Speir, typewriter and supplies. Women's Board A. C. Hojikins, photographs. Charities exhibit Fraser tt'Kelly. carting, two months, Scicutilic Serantom. Wetmore & Co., stationery National Express Co., February bill Holbrook Bros., glass. Forestrj' M. F. Pierson, labor. Agriculture W. H. G-age, labor. Agriculture E. Z. Frazee, labor, §217.24: traveling,' $75; bill, §5.63; Agriculture F. li. Vick, salary, February, Floriculture Addison P. Wilbur, statistical charts. Charities Sanuiel D. Backus, map. Charities C. F. Dodd, honey. Apiarian • F. E. Dowley, traveling expenses, etc., Poultry G. C. Snow, expenses, $114.27; salaries account, §76.50; Viticulture Chas. F. Roe, horses account. Troop A, Chicago dedication. . Moore. Camplicll «fc Kellner, February rent, sfh district Geo. T. Smith, clerk, Feb. salary, §100; bills, §6.75; 8th dist. W. B. Kirk, rent. February, .5th district II. S. Escourt, clerk, 4tli" district. February salary, §100; traveling expenses, §2.85; bills, §3.75; photographs, §10.. 30. E. C. Cook, commissioner, 7th district, e.xpiaise accoimt Wm. B. Tuthill, secretary, traveling account. §7; labor ac- count, §1,268.40; expenses, §.536.15; Fine Arts exhibit.... Fred C. Puis & Co., printing, Fine Arts exhibit §419 36 2,020 (10 194 70 75 00 544 04 93 04 22 53 590 74 104 23 162 62 213 83 65 03 47 50 1,367 00 33 32 4 00 43 00 32 00 95 35 222 00 519 42 100 00 50 00 16 00 193 96 122 50 8 00 9 90 59 20 47 37 13 74 334 25 122 85 71 00 64 41 93 05 11 27 72 80 75 00 81 00 297 87 100 00 1 1 88 354 00 4 80 23 52 190 77 492 00 40 00 106 75 30 00 116 60 106 30 1,811 55 103 40 596 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. March 30. J. Q. A. "Ward, traveling expenses, salary account and bills paid. Fine Arts exhibit 863 35 O. L. Warner, labor, packing department. Fine Arts exhibit. 143 33 Louis F. Massett, subsistence account. Fine Arts exhibit 225 70 31. Anna I. Jennyss, stenographer, March salary, §50; expenses, §13.80; "Women's Board 62 80 P. J. Cuskley, rent, March, 1st district, SlOO; rent, §83.33; "Women's Board 183 33 Geo. S. Stevens, clerk, March, 3d dist., §130; express, 60 cents. 120 60 E. L. Hanes, stenographer, 3d district, Scientific exhibit 55 00 Thomas Gumming, labor. Scientific exhibit 50 00 Henrich Ries, salary, Jlarch, Scientific exhibit 75 00 Rand, McNally & Co. . Atlas of the "World 36 00 P. T. "Wall, salary account 200 00 Donald McNaughton, chief executive ofiicer, March salary . , 416 67 Footing to April, 1893 §181,954 79 April 7. The Argus Co., printing account. "Women's Board, §35.73; General Board, §194.78 230 53 "Wm. Green, clerk, 1st district, March salary 45 00 E. 0. Stanton, clerk, 1st district, March salary 308 33 John Philhps, clerk, 3d district, March salary 125 00 T. F. Farrell. clerk, 2d district, March salary 200 00 D. & M. Chauncey Co., 2d district, March rent, ofiice 66 67 John Foord, secretary, General Board, Jlarch salary 250 00 Ida V. Burch, stenographer, General Board, March salary. . . 66 00 Jno. R. Moynihan, clerk. General Board, March salary 100 00 Jas. F. Craig, clerk, General Board, March salary 100 00 Anna M. Parks, stenographer. General Board, March salary.. 50 00 Alice C. Morse, drawing, "Women's Board 20 00 Mrs. F. P. Bellamy, expenses and bills, "Women's Board 108 08 M. Delehanty's Sons, frames. Scientific exhibit 7 00 Hudson Valiej' Paper Co., boxes, Scientific exhibit 8 05 R. B. Hough, various bills paid. Forestry 139 33 F. H. Vick, salary §l9.38; expenses, §23.13; Floriculture 42 51 H. J. Rogers, bill for salaries and material, Education 679 40 W. H. Gilbert, travelihg expense account, Dairy 116 30 Chas. Louis Hinton, statue, H. Hudson, State Building 960 75 Chas. Caryl Coleman, frescoes, State Building 1,000 00 8, Geo. A. Fuller & Co., on account, building contract 15,000 00 B. J. McCarthy, six months' salary as clerk, 5th district 694 18 18 L. C. Ackler, stenographer, salary, March, Dairy 50 00 Josiah ShuU, traveling expenses, bills paid, Dairy 53 93 Peter Collier, seven bills paid. Experiment Station work, Dairy exhibit 377 65 Onondaga County Milk Association, milk for cheese. Dairy. . 279 00 L. B. "Williams, photographs of dairy farms, etc.. Dairy 319 60 W. H. Gilbert, traveling expenses, etc.. Dairy 103 53 M. F. Pierson, labor, §81; bills paid, §48.59; Agriculture 129 59 F. L. Underhill, salary, March, as clerk, Agriculture 135 00 "W. H. Gage, labor, Agriculture 81 00 H. J. Rogers, labor account, material, etc.. Education 778 89 John "W. Sanborn, expenses, salary, §125; March bills, §79.47; Ethnology 204 97 A. L. Hough, traveling expenses, photographer. Forestry. . . 91 58 Geo. T. Powell, salary account and expenses, Horticu.ture . . 363 76 Jas. J. Donlan, salary, §100; traveling, §38.50; Floriculture.. 128 50 John H, Reynolds, clerk. General Board, salary, March 150 00 M E. Scully, stenographer^Charities, §54: General Board, §8 . 62 00 W. L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses 27 23 Jos. A. Cunningham, clerk, Genei'al Board, salary account. . 40 00 H. S. Estcourt ."clerk, 4th dist., salary, March, §100, bills, §31. 131 00 Jno. M. Fake, clerk, 4th district, salary, March 54 00 S. E. "Van Buren, stenographer, 4th district, salary, March . . 35 00 Lena P. Bennett, clerk, 5th district, salary §100, March biOs, §7.59 107 59 Financial Eepoet. 697 April 18. W. R. Shayes, photographs, 5th district W. B. Kirk, March rent, 3th district Smith Premier Typewriter Co., rent, 5th district B. .J. JlcC'arthy," clerli, salary, February and March, 3th distri ct F. O. Howard, clerk, salary, February and March J. F. Humphrey, janitor, salary, January and March, 6th dist. Biughamton General Electric Co., lighting account, 6th dist. J. F. Hawkins, chief clerk, salary, March, 6th district Cyrus Strong, rent office, March, 6th di.strict B. S. Currant Jr., clerk, salary, §73; bills, $3.35; 6th district.. . W. H. Williams, messenger, salary, March, 7th district H. V. Croniu, stenographer, salary, March, 7th district W. H. Benjamin, chief clerk, salary, March, 7th district George T. Smith, chief clerk, salarj', JIarch, 8th district. . . . . Bell Telephone Co. , account to date, 8th district H. B. Mead, illuminating gas, March, 8th district Buffalo Natural Gas Fuel Co., 8th district Moore, Campbell ct Kellner, rent, March, 8th district Postal Telegraph Cable Co. , 8th district A. W. Townsend & Co., 8th district Peter Paul & Bro., stationery, 8th district Fannie L. Cole, administi-atrix estate W. H. Cole, late clerk of the 3th district American Express Co., Women's Board, §5.95; General, §34.12. National Express Co The Argus Co., printing, Women's Board, $17.95; General Board, $37.90 Western Union Telegraph Co., March, AVomen's Board, §13.80; General Board, §81.41 F. C. Manning, stationery Post-Express Co. , printing R. M. Myers & Co. , stationery E. S. Sterry, photographs and enlargements, all departments . Postal Telegraph Cable Co., March Hudson River Telephone Co., March Union and Advertiser Co., printing Henry Romeike, press records ilrs. H. C. Cullen, stenographer, Chicago Fraser & Kelly, carting. Scientific exhibit A. M. Collins Manufacturing Co., supplies. Scientific Merchants' Pespatch Transportation Co., freight. Scientific. . Heinrich Ries, traveling and other expenses. Scientific Mary H. Barrell, stenographer. Women's Board John I. Covington, insurance. Women's Board Mrs. Ralph Trautman, travehng expenses. Women's Board . . Miss Anna Roosevelt, paid bills of salaries, etc.. Women's Board ." G. C. Snow, paid bills of salaries, etc., Viticulture F. C. Parker, travehng expenses, etc., Forestry O. L. Hershiser, salary, March, §63.50; expenses, §21.40; Apiarian R. Swaine Gifford, traveling expenses. Fine Arts O. L. Warner, paid bills for packing. Fine Arts New York and New Jersey Telephone Co. , 2d district L. B. Tupper, janitor, February, 1st district E. G. Ferguson, watchman, State Building, Chicago Herter Bros., mosaic floor. State Building, Chicago 2,; T. W. Gray, coal bill. New York State Building, Chicago. . . B. R. Spelman, rent, canal relief map. Transportation Thohias 3Iattimore, coal, canal relief map, Transportation. . . F. Newman, bridges, canal relief map. Transportation iVlbany Hardware and Iron Co., supplies, canal relief map, Transiwrtation 3 76 Charles Mickel, painter, supplies, canal relief map. Transpor- tation 40 89 §9 00 30 00 50 00 239 20 83 98 10 00 13 00 100 00 25 00 80 25 18 00 50 00 100 00 100 00 67 13 50 1 00 40 00 4 33 3 00 14 51 269 49 40 07 11 50 55 85 95 21 27 66 9 75 11 89 706 80 18 4S 32 56 14 00 15 75 18 00 106 76 30 95 143 70 102 80 57 00 126 00 14 35 185 11 315 97 32 36 83 90 20 25 125 34 55 83 20 00 14 00 300 00 23 25 50 00 7 79 18 75 698 New York at the World's Columbian ExposiTioiir. April 18. J. N. Willavd, Jr., packing, canal relief map, Transportation. I. D. McClaskey, carting, canal relief map, Transportation.. McClure, Walker & Gibson, paint, etc., canal relief map. Transportation Wm. Fuller & Sous, cement and plaster, canal relief map, Transportation Mrs. F. C. Ives, chief officer. Women's Board, March salary, §166.66, and bills paid, §67.32 Margaret Tomes, clerk, Women's Board, salary and bills. . . . Daniel Brown, photographs. Ethnology exhibit. Tiffany & Co, , printing, 1st district George 6. Peck, sign, 1st district Metropolitan Telegraph and Telephone Co., 1st district F, J. H. Merrill, office expenses, Scientific exhibit Wm. B. Dwight, salarj', §9; expenses, $59.79; Scientific. S. G. Spier, typewriter account, Scientific F. Schilling, cutting and pohshing stones, obelisk, §474.60, §349.33, Scientific M. Delehanty's Son, zinc frames. vScientiflc Jas. E. Bailey, granite block. Scientific Merchants Despatch Transportation Co., canal relief map.. H. G. Avery, model canal locks. March bill, Transportation. . Isabel A. Hampton, traveling expenses. Women's Board H. Bowen, salaries, labor, supplies, vouchers. Agriculture. . . John Foord, expense bill for March Walter L. Sessions, general manager, traveling expenses .... Kitti'e Monroe, clerk 32. Hayden Furniture Co., installation cases. Agriculture L. M. Howlaud, traveling expenses, March, Chicago trip. . . . F. D. Millet, one-third payment on contract for decorating reception hall, New York St.ate Building, Chicago J. G. Coder, work for Forestry, Scientific, Agricultural and Model Home Wechsler & Abraham, supplies for Model Home exhibit T. W. Loftus, salary, March, §90; bill paid, §6; State Building . A. J. Zabi'iskie, photograph of Gettysburg monuments for Nfew York soldiers H. J. Rogers, eighteen bills paid in Educational exhibit. Wm. Deyermand & Co., glass jars, etc., Scientific The Argus C'o. , printing, Scientific Edmund C. Stanton, office supplies, 1st district Birdsall Jackson, labor, Women's Board Donald McNaughton, bills paid. Horticulture, Ethnology, §330.23, §290 18 620 41 25. P. Collier. Experiment Station, bills in Agricultural and Dairy exhibits 377 84 Metropofitan Storage and Transfer Co., storage and freight. Agriculture F. J, H, Merrill, traveling expenses, Chicago, Scientific C. Dorfiinger's Sons, glass bottles, jars, etc.. Scientific W. C. Clarke, services. §32, expenses, §46.73 University State New York, clerical work. Ethnology Prison Association, New York, clerical work. Charities Wm. Schill, two bills, §660.30, §847,85, services and disburse- ments. Fine Arts McCully & Miles, glass work and medallions, Women's Board Alice C. Morse, services and expenses. Women's Board Alired D. Beeken, printing books and circulars. Women's Board Patrick McCann, carpenter work, canal relief map, Trans- portation J. Sanford, pictures, Indian schools. Education Geo. Smith, use of kiln and services. Forestry Romeyn B. Haugh, traveling, freight, labor. Forestry 28. H. G. Avery, labor on model of canal locks. Transportation. . $9 00 11 50 26 09 35 00 233 88 165 80 24 00 38 84 3 00 82 40 43 10 68 79 21 70 828 93 50 00 43 00 264 00 668 59 62 25 569 37 212 90 36 97 40 00 5,436 99 155 14 3,000 00 1,970 00 59 72 96 00 53 85 898 03 23 20 28 20 17 25 40 00 127 81 83 63 268 60 78 73 8 80 41 60 ,508 15 176 60 6 12 92 00 417 55 193 04 97 25 427 46 447 86 Financial Repoet. 599 April 28. T. C. Leutze, labor and traveling, Chicago, canal relief map. Transportation §343 95 Kuhne Beveridge, bust of Dewitt Clinton, Transportation. . . 250 00 Footing to Slaj, 1893 $232,906 78 May 2. E. L. Hanes, salary, stenographer, Scientific 55 00 P. T. Wall, salary, clerk. General Board 200 00 G. S. Stevens, sahirj-. clerk, .$120; bills, §7; Women's Board. 127 00 J. R. iloynihau. salary, clerk, April, General Board 100 00 Donald McXaughton, April salar_y. General Board 416 67 James F. Craig, clerk, April, General Board 100 00 Ida Y. Burch, stenosrapher, April, General Board 56 00 N". D. DeGrafE. clerk, salary, April and May. General Board. 200 00 J. A. Cunningham, clerk, April, General Board 40 00 Jno. H. Reynolds, clerk, salan", $150; traveling, §11.25, April . . .". " 161 25 E. 31. Johnson, photographs, 4th district 12 00 F. A. Green, photographs, schools. Education 11 09 J. H. Hecker, labor and traveling expenses. Dairy 68 71 Georgia L. Fanning, services. Charity exhibit 24 00 Jno. G. Myers, curtains, etc., canal relief map. Transportation. 45 40 B. R. Spelman, rent store, canal relief map. Transpoitation. 50 00 Albany Hardware and Iron Co., nails, etc., canal relief map. Transportation 73 KeufEel it Esser, paper for map. Transportation 89 85 C. M. Pepson, labor for canal relief map, Transportation. 28 00 McClure, Walker & Gibson, paints, canal relief map, Trans- portation 5 74 Municipal Gas Co., gas, canal relief map. Transportation. 11 20 A. L. Hough, photographs, $197.50; expenses, $77.28; Forestrj'. 274 78 A. S. Miner, office furniture, 6th district 8 50 Sisson Bro. ifc Weldon. office furnishing, etc., 6th district. . . . 391 39 Tiffany & Co., printing, 1st district 20 63 Gorton W. Allen, vice-president, requisition No. 1 (see sup- plementary list of expenditures, payments made from requisition fund) 10,000 00 9. Howard J. Rogers, bills of printing, labor, freight, traveling expenses, material, Education 1,022 02 John C. Ure, on contract, grading. State Building, Chicago. . 400 00 John Foord, salary account 250 00 Anna I. Jennyss, "stenographer, salary. Women's Board 50 00 P. J. Cuskley, rent, April, Women's Board 83 33 A. H. Revell & Co., desk, Women's Board 25 00 Wm. Mayor, showcases for Wool and Apiarian exhibits 575 55 Abraham & Strauss, furnishing goods. Model Home 53 63 18. Florence C. Ives, salary. 1^166.66; traveling expenses, bills paid, .$194.20; Women's Board 360 86 Margaret Tomes, salary, $125; bills paid, $1.56.83; Applied Arts, Women's Board 281 83 Miss M. 31. Love, expenses paid. Children's Building, Women's Board 1.56 21 Miss C. E. Dennis, traveling expenses, bills. Women's Board. 92 23 F. .1. II. Merrill, bills paid, vouchers, Scientific 51 77 . H. D Vulte, analj-ses of clay, ore, etc.. Scientific 193 25 Wm Deyermand «& Co., glass. Scientific 1 90 A M. Collins Manufacturing Co., cardboard. Scientific 4 88 Annesley & Co.. two dozen Minton tiles. Scientific 14 00 Thos. Cummings. labor, Scientific 54 00 Fraser & Keliy , carting. Scientific. 22 76 Chas. H. Peck, expenses installing Fungi exhibit 100 25 Whitall, Tatum &. Co.. .show jars and bottles, Agriculture. . . 170 82 James Wood, traveling expenses and bills paid. Agriculture. 252 70 F L. rnderhill, salary. April, Agriculture.. ._^ " 125 00 Josiah Shull, traveling expenses, bills paid, uairy 60 35 L C. Ackler, stenographer, Dairj- .' 50 00 A B- Da'ris, labor, §12; expenses, $2; Dairy 14 00 600 New Toek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. May IS. Hayden Furniture Co., showcases, frames, wainscoting, tables, cabinets, etc. (contract). Education 113,323 03 S. D. Backus, statistical charts. Charities exhibit 333 00 A. P. Wilbur, assistant on charts, Charities exhibit 40 59 Western Union Telegraph Co., bill for April 70 89 Daniel Brown, photographs for three exhibits 36 00 Ward's Natural Science Establishment, work on reUef map. . 1,000 00 D. C. Burfee, photograph work 11 00 Postal Telegraph Cable Co., April bill 15 33 Hud,son River Telephone Co., hill for April 23 34 J. W. Gillis Co., picture frames, freight, etc 398 90 National Express Co., bill for April 26 08 John Foord, expenses and hills, April 312 96 E. Wegman, expenses and bills, Croton Water exhibit 43 70 Rand, McNally & Co., desk 35 00 F. O. Armstrong, night watchman. State Building, Chicago. 60 00 T. W. Gray, coal. State Building, Chicago 75 00 C. G. Braxmar, badges, Naval Review, New York 33 00 C. W. Gibbs, agent, Knickerbocker Steamboat Co., Naval Review, New York, chartering steamer 3,000 00 J. Wuuder & Co., glass sign, Transportation exhibit 12 00 Katharine B. Davis, supplies, etc., AVorkiugman's Home ... 15 75 W. H. Benjamin, expenses, etc., clerk, 8th district 39 68 John W. Sanborn, salary, $125; expenses, §33.98; Indian.. . . 158 98 W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 33 63 George A. Fuller Co., payment, construction State Building. 15,000 00 33. George T. Powell, salarj% supplies, expenses. Horticulture.. 1,134 19 25. W. S. BudAvorth & Son, cartage, packing, labor, etc.. Women's Board 239 15 American Express Co., Women's Board 114 00 Mrs. F. P. BellamJ^ expenses and bills. Library exhibit, Women's Board 533 10 Miss Anna Roosevelt, expenses and bills paid, Women's Board. 476 35 Juliet Corson, Cooking School exhibit. Women's Board 1,000 00 F. M. Crossett, printing catalogue. Women's Board 24 00 W. J. Smith, decorating State Building, October 31, 1893, . . . 1,350 00 T. W. Loftus, salary account. New York State Building .... 90 00 G. M. Doolittle, three colonies bees. Apiarian 27 00 Mary E. Scully, stenographer. Charities 50 00 James J. Donlan, salary and bills paid. Floriculture 329 55 Donald McNaughton, printing and postage bills 135 00 New York Central and Hudson River R, R. Co., freight bills. Transportation exhibit, ^8.43; Scientific, §3.37 and §34.68. 46 47 31. F. D. Millett, on account, decoration. State Building. 6,000 00 C. C. Coleman, decorating staircase, etc.. State Building .... 1,500 00 James McKinney & Son, iron brackets. Scientific exhibit. ... 36 00 T. F. Romeyn, boxes for Scientific exhibit 30 55 Heinrich Ries, salary, expenses and hills paid. Scientific 230 08 John G. Coder, pavilions, platforms, etc.. Forestry exhibit, $183.50, and Scientific exhibit, §123.75 355 25 W. B. Kirk, office rent, storage, etc., 5th district 20 00 Emil}' Huntington, expenses, freight, etc.. Women's Board.. 127 20 Emma B. Dunlap, construction Children's Building, Women's Board 2,000 00 Footing to June, 1893 §297,471 80 June 8. G. W. Allen, vice-president, on requisition No. 3 (see suj^ple- mentarj' list of expenditures) 10,000 00 9. Jas. F. Craig, clerk, salary, etc 101 00 Jos. Cunningham, messenger 45 00 P. T. Wall, salary account 200 00 13. E. IT. Jones, work on floor of Agricultural exhibit 36 50 E. Z. Frazee, labor and expenses. Tobacco exhibit 133 34 M. F. Pierson, labor and expenses. Grain and Potato exhibit, Agriculture ■: 270 47 Herman Berg & Co., pedestal for library, Women's Board. . . 30 00 X o FiXAXCIAL RePOET. 601 June 13. Arnold, Constable & Co.. 'WTltou carpet, etc., Women's Board. $267 75 Dora W. Keith, traveling expenses, etc., "Women's Board. . . . 190 00 Mrs. F. R. Jones, expenses and bills paid, exhibit of colonial goods and relics, Women's Board 3,028 72 H. Ries, salary, expenses and bills paid. Scientific exhibit... . 172 88 F. J. H. Merrill, expenses and bills. Scientific 192 78 F. Schilling, expenses and labor, .5117.80; work cutting obelisk, §763.30, and cutting and polishing stone, 870.50; Scientific. 951 60 N. Y. C. & H. R. R. Co. (Merchants' Despatch Transporta- tion Co.), freiaht bills for general board, §17.06; Women's Board, §3.18; "Scientific exhibit, §192 and §102.75 314 99 D. Brown, photographs and enlargements. Transportation... 250 00 J. W. Gillis Co., picture frames, etc., Transportation 105 20 G. H. Gallagher & Co., partitions, Transportation 215 00 John C. Ure, grading and sodding. State Building lot 420 00 C. C. Colemam decoration. State Building 500 00 T. W. Gray, coal account, State Building 135 00 Geo. A. El'ter, watchman. State Building 56 00 Capital District Telegraph Co., service, March to June 3 80 Albany News Co., stationer}-, office 7 16 GiUis Bros., printing tags, etc 28 00 W. H. Tipton, 103 photographs, New York soldiers' monu- ment, Gettj-sburg " 100 00 Jas. B. Lyon, register of yisitors, Chicago 75 00 National "Express Co., bill for Jlay 5 04 John Bogart, preparation of map, etc., Quarantine exhibit . . 100 00 R. B. Hough, salary and expenses. May, Forestry 250 00 T. J. Whitney, traveling expenses, 4th district 34 17 H. J. Rogers, bills paid. Educational exhibit 583 15 !M. B. Mattice, traveling expenses, etc., 3d district 13 22 C. Harry Eaton, printing bills. Fine Arts 60 00 H. S. Patten, model of f tica State Hospital, Charities 407 57 John G. Coder, balance on Working-man's Model Home, §1,000; entrance pavilion. Transportation exhibit, §1,200, and pavilion and installation. Scientific exhibit, §8,500. . . . 10,700 00 T. W. Loftus, services and bills paid 112 15 Jno. T. Norton, traveling expenses, 3d district 25 30 Horace Davis, services and expenses. Oils exhibit. Scientific. 61 .50 W. H. Glenny. Sons & Co., jars, glass, etc., Apiarian 106 99 Lee, Holland & Co., crates and boxes. Apiarian 21 28 Josiah Jewett, storage, etc.. Apiarian 106 50 Crane Co., railing. Horticulture 35 00 B. F. White, seventy-seven bromide enlargements, photo- graphs. Viticulture 88 00 Carson, Pine, Scott & Co., carpet, rugs, etc.. Viticulture.. . . 61 04 Hayden Furniture Co., cases and cabinets. Viticulture 908 00 14. F. Loeser & Co., furnishings, Workingman's Model Home. . . 131 48 F. J. Sarmiento & Co., kalsomining and painting, §800, and decorating and gilding, §750, State Building 1,550 00 E. C. Potter, modeling lions and pedestals. State Building. . . 1,500 00 O. L. Warner, payment on busts and statues. State Building. 4,000 00 E. F. Hawley, milk for butter and cheese. Dairy 409 60 . M R. Wait, 'soliciting exhibits. Dairy 104 67 Josiah Shull, expenses and bills paid, Dairy 55 19 C. D. Munsell. printing, etc. . Dairy 38 25 Geo. Tunnicliffe, engraving, etc. . Dairy 85 00 Austin, Nichols & Co., cheese, etc.. Dairy 125 87 J. W Gillis Co., glass for frames " 36 00 Mc Arthur Bros., case for Viliculturc 475 00 James Wood, expenses and bills paid. Agriculture 116 53 F. L ■Uuderhill. salary. 3Iay. Live Stock 125 00 J. E. Didama, salary. April, Agriculture 140 00 H. Bowen, salary, expenses, bills paid. Agriculture 376 88 John Chadwick . McNaughton, disbursements, bills paid, etc.. vouchers, etc John Foord, traveling expenses, etc John Foley, salary account, January Geo. S. Stevens, salary account H. C. Ives, expressage paid. Fine Arts John H. Rej'nolds, salary account and traveling expenses. . . . Ida X. Burch, stenographer, salary account Jas. F. Craig, salary account 8. A. H. Re veil & Co., furniture. State Building C. N. White, manager, jars, Dairy John Foley, salary accouut, February H. J. Bogers, salary account A. V. Pancoast and A. F. Enos, receivers, by Archer & Pan- coast, electric light fixtures, etc., State Building 27. Duveen Brothers, furniture and tapestry. State Building. . . . Herter Brothers, wall hangings, etc., State Building Fraser & Kellv. fi-eight and cartage W. J. Smith. "State flag ' Anneslev & Co.. picture frames, etc P. T. Wall, bill paid John Williams, balcony railings, State Building C. D. Arnold, photographs Heinrich Ries. traveling expenses, Scientific W. L. Sessions, travelinr- expenses Olin L. Warner, statues accouut in full 29. Mary H. Barrell, balance account, stenographer Felix Weil, packing pictures. Fine xi.rts Wm. B. Tuthill. office expenses, three months. Fine Arts. . . . John II. Reynolds, salary account Geo. S. Stevens, salary account H. J. Rogers, salar}' account and bills paid Jas. F. Craig, salary account Ida V. Burch, salary account April 13. American Express Co R. B. Hough, gavel made of native woods of State J. H ICintz, livery account. . John Foley, salary account §297 00 101 06 2o0 00 234 98 100 00 200 00 18 70 S3 35 9.5 00 100 00 5 00 17 60 13 00 125 00 63 56 100 00 187 00 874 80 447 68 1,034 95 2,238 95 30 00 125 00 49 96 617 91 28 00 416 67 200 00 85 00 128 56 100 00 100 00 24 70 12 00 416 67 175 70 1,753 10 1,099 29 2,838 25 47 70 53 00 146 00 00 93 DO 18 50 7 65 30 19 1,300 00 83 33 12 00 418 13 200 00 200 00 192 93 100 00 100 00 5 89 20 00 23 00 416 67 612 JSTew Yokk at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. April 13. John H. Ee3'uolds, salary account §100 00 20. James Wood, bills paid" Agriculture 28 20 J. S. Ford, Johnson & Co., rent chairs, State Building 25 00 T. W. Loftus, services, State Building 100 00 May 15. Jno. H. Reynolds, salary account, traveling expenses, bills paid ■. 143 86 H. J. Rogers, salary account, postage paid, etc 177 00 Geo. S. Stevens, salary account, bills paid etc 208 62 Jas, F. Craig, salary account 100 00 Ida V. Burch, salary account 100 00 29. H. J. Menzie, administrator estate D. McXaughton, expense account of S72.50; bills paid in various exhibits, 8123 195 50 H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills paid 178 00 G. S. Stevens, salary account and bills paid 204 85 Pach Brothers, photographs 50 00 Ida V. Burch, salary account 100 00 J. F. Craig, salary account iOO 00 L. M. Howland, traveling expenses 45 54 Jno. H. Reynolds, salary account and traveling expenses .... 219 15 American District Telegraph Co., service bills, 1st district commission 75 00 Fraser & Kelly, cartage and freighting 48 49 Mary E. Alger, traveling expense account 28 00 C. H. Koster, decorations, 1st district 60 00 H. Romeike, press records 9 62 June 19. E. W. Vine, rent typewriter. Charities 21 00 Tiffany & Co., printing 11 88 Hayden Furniture Co. , wing frames. Education 183 00 E. C. Milne, expense account 70 96 Geo. C. Snow, expense account, traveling, etc.. Viticulture.. 13 85 Wm. Schill, delivering paintings, etc.. Fine Arts 1,008 67 W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 39 47 27. G. W. Allen, traveling expenses, four meetings 72 45 E. Baggott, stores and supplies account, State Building 133 00 H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills paid 181 81 G. S. Stevens, salary account 200 00 Jas. F. Craig, salary account 100 00 Jno. W. Sanborn, subsistence and salary account, Indian .... 377 92 Jno. H. Reynolds, salary, traveling expenses and bills 233 11 W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 40 55 $597,512 05 SUPPLEMEJS^TAEY LIST OF E X PEIs^DITURE S . VOUCHEES PAID FEOJI EEQUISITION FUXD (870,000), TOTALS OF WHICH AEE INCLUDED IN THE FOEEGOING LIST OF EXPENDITUEES. 1898. May 6. H. J. Rogers, bills paid, installation exhibit. Education $250 70 19. H. J. Rogers, expenses and salary account, Education 309 37 G. R. Barnes, labor, cleaning, etc.. State Building 102 00 20. Florence C. Ives, bills paid, installing exhibit. Women's Board 103 38 Florence C. Ives, bills paid, installing exhibit, Women's Board T 252 56 G. W. Allen, traveling and expense account, September, 1892, to May 19, 1893 283 98 L. M. Howland, expenses and bills paid. General Board and State Building 369 72 R. C. Milne, traveling expenses 42 60 22. Chas. M. Kurtz, bills paid, printing, etc.. Fine Arts 9 75 National Express Co., April 2-12, work. Scientific 29 70 Financial Eepoet. 613 ilaj- 22. Mrs. C. F. AVadsworth. expenses, Women's Board John H. Reynolds, traveling expenses O. L. Hersliiser, salar_v and expenses, April 3-30, Apiarian.. Exhibit Cabinet Co., showcase and freight. Viticulture G. C. Snow, salary, bills paid and installation expenses, April, Viticulture John W. Sanborn, stock of goods bought for sale, Indian 23. Crane Co., railing. Women's Building, Women's Board Sj-pher &: Co., pacldng ten boxes, furniture and expressage. Women's Board L. JI. Howland, bills paid, St.ite Building 25. L. M. Howland, labor bills jiaid, State Building 27. A. JI. Parlis. stenographer, salary and expenses J. H. Roouey, work on locks and keys, State Building Bernard Sues, furniture, etc.. State Building H. J. Rogers, bills paid on exhiliit work. Education Ida V. Burch, stenographer, traveling expenses 31. Juliet M. Preston, stenographer, 'Slay 1-27 A. G. Mack, traveling expenses. State Building Kittle ilonroe, salarv and traveling expenses June 3. H. J. Rogers, labor and expense bills, salary account, etc., Education Katharine B. Davis, labor and expense bills, Model Home. . . Annie Money penny, labor and material. Model Home Mrs. O. B. Davis, labor and material. Model Home Female Employment Society, labor and material, Model Home. Fannie Hobbs, labor and material. Model Home E. M. Purcell, labor and material. Model Home G. S. Stevens, traveling expenses and bills John Foord, salarv account L. M. Howland. bills paid. State Building R. B. McXaughton, salarj-, §37. .50, and expenses and supphes, Transportation Jas. R. Campbell, salary, §37.50, and expenses and suppUes.. F. O. Armstrong, watchman, salary, State Building 5. Jno. H. Reynolds, salary account 9. Caroline E. Dennis, expenses and bills, Women's Board Donald McXaughton, salary account L. A. Gardiner, stenographer 8. Kath. B. Davis, salaiy account to June 1, Workingman's Home E. H. Dow & Co., hose, sprinklers, etc.. State Building. . . . H. Bowen. salary, expenses and bills, Maj'. Agriculture J. E Didama, salary account. May, Agriculture AVells, Fargo & Co., expressage. Dairy 10. Florence C. Ives, expenses and bills paid. May, Women's Board Geo. -Hayward, watchman, traveling expenses. State Building. F. H. Eiter, watchman ser\'iees. State Building David Mackoff. traveling expenses. State Building Sirs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses. Women's Board. A. H. Revell & Co., furniture, etc.. Women's Board ' Widdicomb Mantel Co., hearth, 'Women's Board J. A. Colbj' & Sons, cases and installation work. Women's Board Anna I. .Jennyss, stenographer, salary, etc.. Women's Board. Florence C. Ives, salary account, and bills. Women's Board. . O. E. Morton, liquidator, etc., insurance. Women's Board... Margaret Tomes, salary. Women's Board Jas. C. Stout, showcases, labor and freights. Women's Board. Mary E. Scully, stenographer. Charities Donald McXaughton. cheese and butter bills of J. S. Martin & Co.. Dairy The Jerome Paper Co., supplies, State Building J. W. Sanborn, salarv and expenses. May. Indian Carnell & Gutchess, writing cards, Agriculture §197 66 80 50 267 3U 48 S5 o-^o 54 51(5 26 24 85 100 00 130 40 139 25 66 50 40 95 98 33 657 53 27 75 64 00 40 33 74 00 784 86 57 78 18 62 53 15 24 99 57 06 8 35 59 74 250 00 269 89 59 90 57 55 60 00 200 00 110 19 416 67 3 00 187 50 52 50 158 99 100 25 112 40 130 07 19 63 28 00 31 00 161 40 47 50 10 00 68 84 50 00 204 39 16 00 125 00 252 91 54 00 673 05 27 00 151 50 39 37 614 New Yoek at the Woeld's Columbian Exposition. June 10. Mrs. W. J. Averell, postage account, Women's Board $5 34 Howard J. Rogers, installation expenses. Education 136 89 12. L. ]M. Howland, traveling expenses and bills paid. General and State Building '. 145 05 Geo. S. Stevens, bills paid, General and State Building 22 83 Footing $10,000 00 M. M. Love, expenses, Women's Board 96 00 13. Ida V. Burch, salary and expenses 93 30 14. L. M. Howland, bills paid. State Building 333 16 J. M. Preston, stenographer 32 00 George T, Smith, traveling expenses 30 00 15. Annan Bros, (per Bowen), ceiling work. Agriculture 55 00 H. J. Rogers, installation bills paid and salaiy account, Education 199 63 17. H. A. Ward, installation. New York State relief map 41 35 John Allison, labor account. State Building 77 00 R. C. Milne, salary account 100 00 Mary E. Alger, salary account. State Building 41 66 Kittie Monroe, services, Women's Board 28 08 E. E. Bausch & Son, glass, Agriculture. 3 50 Caroline E. Dennis, expenses, AVomen's Board 177 00 George Lauterer, badges. State Building 10 08 George B. Gilford, electrician, traveling expenses,- State Building 23 63 James H. McNab, labor. Charities 27 20 L. M. Howland, bills paid. State Building 130 11 A. G. Mack, salary account. State Building 100 00 21. G. W. Allen, traveling and subsistence account 154 07 33. Florence C. Ives, expenses and bills. Women's Board 91 40 J. H. McNab, labor, Charities 9 60 John R. Moj'nihan, salary and traveling expenses, State Building 138 00 W. W. Wellman, lettering cases. Dairy 10 00 George T. Smith, salary account 45 00 O. R. McKenzie, salarj' account. Charities. 40 00 J. Imogen Howard, traveling expenses and bills paid, Women's Board 144 88 Frances Todd Patterson, bills paid. Women's Board 10 56 Emily Huntington, bills paid. Women's Board 366 18 23. H. J. Rogers, bills paid, expenses, etc.. Education 138 25 American Express Co., June butter expressage. Dairy 344 04 Wells, Fargo & Co., June cheese expressage, Dairy 37 00 George B. Carpenter & Co., flag staff, etc.. State Building. . . 9 65 Geo. A. Damens, two large signs, Workingman's Home 60 00 James P. Dalton, housekeeping wares, Workingman's Home. 37 80 Chicago Fire Place Co., nortable Are bucket, Workingman's Home " 9 00 French & Potter Co., crockery, Workingman's Home 33 55 P. T. Wall, traveling expenses 39 70 27. John H. Rej^nolds, traveling expenses 71 03 28. Kath. B. Davis, expenses, labor, supplies, etc., June 1-23, Workingman's Home 190 83 39. R. C. Milne, salary account 100 00 30. S. B. Van Ness, salarj- account, April and May 130 00 Jas. R. Campbell, salarjt^account, June 65 00 F. .0. Armstrong, watchman, June. State Building 60 00 Iowa State Band, services, Brooklyn Day 100 00 J. M. Preston, stenographer 48 00 National Hotel Check Co., baggage checks. State Building. . . 10 00 John H. Reynolds, salary account 200 00 July 1. John Foord, salary account 350 00 3. Harriet L. Husted, salary account. Forestry 40 00 Chicago Directory Co., city directory '. 7 50 Mary E. Alger, services. State Building 25 00 Geo. Hay ward, watchman, June, State Building 52 00 Financial Eepoet. 615 Jul}' 3. Joha L. Buckley, traveling espenses, State Building $36 80 Geo. B. Gifford, electrician, salary, State Building 135 00 R. B. McNaugliton, salarj^ account, Transportation ; 70 00 Kittle Monroe, salary account, Scientific 81 00 L. E. Carpenter, traveling expenses and salary 101 59 E. H. Dow & Co., plumbing contract. State Building 420 11 Footing $15,149 52 7. .John W. Sanborn, salary and expense account, Indian 169 53 F. H. Elter, salary and expense account 70 00 O. R. McKenzie, salary account. Charities 40 00 Geo. T. Smith, salary account '. 80 00 J. L. Whitlock, insurance on Sypher & Co., furniture, State Building 130 00 E. R. Meeker, charter, steam launch 25 00 8. David JIackoff, salarj^ account, State Building. 100 00 10. A. G. Mack, salary account, State Building 113 33 James Wood, traveling expenses and bills paid, Agriculture and Live Stock 60 10 Scrantom, Wetmore & Co., office stationery 13 58 National Express Co., account, June 3 45 A. H. Revell & Co., furniture, Workingmau's Home 7 20 The Boynton Furnace C'o., repairs, etc.. State Building 9 40 Richard Reed, services and expenses. Dairy 9 06 11. L. M. Rowland, bills paid and express 300 00 L. M. Howland, transportation and subsistence account 215 62 J. W. Sanborn, supplies and furnishings, Indian 145 88 13. L. M. Howland, bills paid, General Board, $39.51; State Building, §260.49 300 00 Jno. R. Moynihan, salary account, State Building 150 00 14. W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 74 03 H. J. Rogers, eight bills", installation. Education 298 77 H. Ries, salary account, Scientific , . . 135 00 Wm. Donnellj', Jr., traveling expenses and salary, Apiarian. 53 05 15. John Allison, labor. State Building 60 00 John E. Didama, salary account. Agriculture 100 35 Juliet M. Preston, stenographer 33 00 17. Hez. Bowen, salary and bills paid. Agriculture 158 37 National Express Co., four boxes, books. Education 53 80 American Express Co., 204 packages, Dair}' 245 34 19. Harriet L. Husted, salary account, Forestry 40 00 Jno. W. Sanborn, salarv account and bills, Indian 501 93 B. McGiveny, labor, State Building 113 50 20. Jliss C. E. Dennis, subsistence account 46 35 21. L. M. Howland, bills paid. General and State Building 800 00 F. D. Shea, typewriter supplies 3 00 Postal Telegraph Cable Co., bill for May: 6 45 Jno. R. Moynihan, postage stamps 10 30 Geo. Rumble & Co., partitions and carpenter work, three exhibits 600 00 J. F. Crooker, traveling expenses, etc.. Education 99 60 Geo. T. Smith, salary account 63 50 23. H. J. Rogers, salarj' account and bills paid. Education 92 92 Katharine B. Davis, espenses and bills, June 24 to July 20, TTorkiugman's Home 81 93 David ilackoff, salary account, State Building 200 00 O. R. McKenzie. salary account. Charities 46 66 F.- O. Armstrong, watchman. State Building 53 25 24. H. Ries. traveling expenses, 577.94; salar}' account, .$100; Scientific 177 94 R. B. JIcNaughton. salaryaccount, Transportation 67 50 J. M. Preston, stenographer 16 00 26. A. D. Perry, salary account. Horticulture 173 50 J. A. Fowler, salary account. Horticulture 45 00 E. G. Fowler, salary account. Horticulture 200 00 F. M. J. Wood, salary account, Horticulture 100 00 816 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. July 26. A. E. Eastman, salary and expenses, Dairy $235 74 27. Chicago Directory Co. , book (1893) 7 50 29. J. E. Didama, salary account, Agriculture 100 00 Postal Telegraph Cable Co., May and June bills 29 62 G. W. Allen, travehng expenses and subsistence 288 10 John H. Reynolds, salary account 200 00 31. Thomas A. Hamilton, board account, Indian 312 80 A. G. Mack, salary account. State Building 100 00 Katharine B. Davis, salarj' account, Workingman's Home . . . 125 00 Aug. 1. Kittle Monroe, salary account, Scientific 65 00 James R. Campbell, salary account 65 00 George W. Bowman, salary and traveling expenses. State Building 96 75 Harriet L. Husted, salary account, Forestry 40 00 Miss C. E. Dennis, subsistence account 24 00 John Foord, salary account 250 00 F. O. Armstrong, watchman, State Building 30 00 3. H. J. Rogers, bills paid, Education 533 83 4. F. H. Elter, salary account 75 00 Wm. Donnelly, Jr., salary account. Apiarian 67 00 O. R. McKenzic, salary account. Charities 30 84 8. H. Bowen, salary, bills and expenses, July, Agriculture 327 41 10. George Ha j' ward, watchman, State Building 63 00 J. M. Preston, stenographer 33 00 14. John Foord, traveling expenses ■ 39 31 Harriet L. Husted, salary account, Forestry 40 00 F. O. Armstrong, watchman, State Building 26 00 P. T. Wall, salary account 100 00 George S. Stevens, salary account 100 00 15. H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills. Education 373 70 Crane Elevator Co., supplies. State Building 6 70 G. W. Reed & Co., supplies. State Building 7 15 16. John Allison, labor. State Building 60 00 O. R. McKenzie, saldry account. Charities exhibit 35 00 Lena P. Bennett, bills paid, 5th district 7 90 31. G. W. Allen, transportation and subsistence account 173 27 33. P. V. Lyon, salary account. State Building 40 00. Western Union Teletjraph Co., Chicago account 53 33 R. M. Sbarra. freight, etc.. Live Stock exhibit 58 30 Delaware & Hudson Canal Co., freight, Live Stock 301 50 William Watson, freight. Live Stock 13 50 J. M. Preston, stenographer 33 00 William Dounellj', Jr., salary account 36 83 33. L. M. Howland. bills paid. General, §19.70; State Building, §280,30 300 00 L. M. Howland, bills paid. General, §21; State Building, §279. 300 00 L. M. Howland, bills paid. General, §32.40; State Building, §267.60 300 00 L. M. Howland, bills paid, General, §13.41; Dairy, §8.40; State Building, §278.19 300 00 Footing §26,797 55 25. Katharine B. Davis, expenses and bills, July 20 to August 23, Workingman's Home 172 80 American Florist Co., papers. Floriculture 5 00 E. T. Burrows & Co.. window screens, State Building 13 60 29 Harriet L. Husted, salary account. Forestry 40 00 John H. Reynolds, expenses for Dairy 66 91 L. M. Howland, traveling expenses and bills paid (fimeral services Chief Executive Officer JIcNaughton) 397 54 L. 51. Howland, eighteen bills paid. State Building 300 00 L. M. Howland, twentv-five bills paid. State Building 402 46 31. John H. Reynolds, sal.iry account 300 00 O. R. McKenzie, salary accoimt. Charities 35 00 R. B. McNaughton, salary account, Transportation 95 00 John Foord, salary account 350 00 FnfAs^ciAL Repoet. 617 Aug. 31. R. C. :Milne, salary account $100 00 A. G. Mack, salary, special officer, State Building 100 00 David ilackofE, salary account, State Building 150 00 Geo. T. Smith, salary account 125 00 Ida V. Burch, salary account 100 00 H. J. Rogers, salary and labor accounts. Education 303 00 F. H. Elter, salary account To 00 J. E. Didama, salary account, Agriculture 100 00 Wm. Donnelly, Jr., salary account 30 33 Jas. R. Campbell, salary account 40 00 Sept. 1. Kittle Monroe, salarj- and bills paid. Scientific 74 25 Postal Telegraph Cable Co., account for July 11 05 Geo. D. Milligau Co., glass and painting. State Building 6 25 J. R. Moynihan, postage stamps 10 26 Katharine B. Davis, salary and bills, etc., paid, August, Workiugman's Home 204 84 2. W. J. Lof tus, watchman, salary, State Building 34 00 L. E. Carpenter, salary account 150 00 J. il. Preston, stenographer 32 00 Geo. Hay ward, watchman. State Building 62 00 Albert Dickson, labor. State Building 44 50 G. W. Bowman, salary account. State Building 75 00 N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., freight. Live Stock 287 70 J. B. Dutcher, freight, Live Stock 440 50 TVm. Donnelly, Jr., traveling expenses 17 52 5. T. F. Powers, salary account. State Building, §23.33; Charities, S90.97 114 80 Hez. Bowen, salary and bills paid. Agriculture 142 90 L. H. Loen. music, reception. State Building 52 50 W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 40 75 W. H. Gilbert, bills paid. Dairy 56 30 6. Florence C. Ives, salary account, Women's Board 166 66 Margaret Tomes, salary account, Women's Board 125 00 Anna I. Jenny ss, salary account. Women's Board 75 00 Marj- Dah', salary account. Women's Board 18 00 lHary E. Alger, salaiy account. State Building 200 00 A. D. Perry, salary account. Horticulture 175 00 E. G. Fowler, salary account, Horticulture 200 00 Stella Farrand, salary account. Horticulture 45 00 J. Alfred Fowler, salary account, Horticulture 45 00 Mary Blunk, salary account 9 00 A. G. Fooi-d, salary account. Scientific 65 16 Louis Wurzburg, awnings, platforms, etc.. New York Cooking School 700 00 D. M. Somers, transportation and subsistence, 2d district . . 85 70 Wm. H. Rowe, Jr., transportation and subsistence, 3d district 53 20 7. George Archer, hoisting statues. State Building 80 00 8. A. R. Eastman, cheese for Dairy exhibit 554 70 R. H. Weiskotten, guard duty, State Building 15 00 American Express Co., Horticulture 16 30 Iowa State Band, music afternoon and evening. Western New York day 150 00 9. Lena P. Bennett, stenographer 21 00 ■John Foord. expense account 155 00 Henr)^ Stowell. traveling expenses, 7th district 181 20 IMrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, expenses, etc 55 20 11. Mary D. Hall, services 10 00 Pettibone, Wells & Co. . ribbon badges, Xew York day . . 75 00 E. G. Fowler, bills paid. Horticulture 9 76 Footing §35,040 69 McArthur Bros., platform for cheese. Dairy 124 00 12. John H. Reynolds, salary account 100 00 Harriet L. Husted, salary account. Forestry ■. . 40 00 13. Associated Express Co., account. Agriculture 24 05 15. W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 21 98 78 618 New Toek at the World's Columbian Exposition. Sept. 15. James Wood, traveling expenses and bills, Live Stock Howard J. Rogers, bills and expenses. Education M. B. Mattice, transportation and subsistence, 3d district. . George T. Powell, bills and expenses. Horticulture O. R. McKenzie, salary account, Charities 16. Caroline E. Dennis, transportation and subsistence Cord Meyer, traveling expenses, etc., 2d district Wm. H. Gilbert, bills paid. Dairy Peter Collier, cheese, Dairj' Hood Sign Co. , banner. Scientific A. A. Campbell Co., plumbing. State Building Wm. H. Rowe, Jr., traveling expenses, 3d district John Allison, labor, State Building Waukesha Hygeia Mineral Springs Co., water for three months. State Building Jas. R. Campbell, salary account 19. Western Union Telegraph Co., account for June and July. . Postal Telegraph Cable Co., account for August Anna M. Parks, traveling expenses Juliet M. Preston, stenographer Emily Huntington, bills paid. Children's exhibit. Women's Board 20. Portable Chair Co., rental of 500 chairs 21. A. J. Senn, labor. Scientific •. R. B. McNaughton, salary account, Transportation 22. T. F. Powers, salary account. Charities Salter Bros. , floral decorations -. 23. Frances Todd Patterson, traveling expenses, etc R. C. Milne, salary account American Express Co., August shipments. Horticulture James Hilton, salary and traveling expenses, Live Stock-. . . . F. W. Hawley, bills paid, Live Stock 25. Jno. H. Reynolds, salary account Harriet L. Husted, salary account, Forestry 26. P. V. Lyon, salary account, State Building 38. J. E. Didama, salary and bills paid. Agriculture Hez. Bowen, salary and bills paid. Agriculture A. G. Mack, salary. State Building T. J. Whitney, traveling expenses, 4th district L. M. Howland, bills paid. General, 831.70; State Building, §368. 30 L. M. Howland, bills paid, General, $83.53; State Building, §316.47 L. M. Howland, bills paid. General, §18.51; State Building, $381 .49 ' 29. L. M. Howland. bills paid. General! 836.39;' Dairv, $16.90; Horticulture, 81.31; State Building, §345.40 " Ida V. Burch, stenographer, salary account Footing John Foley, chief executive officer, salary account 30. H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills. Education James R. Campbell, salary account J'. M. Preston, stenographer Geo. W. Bowman, salary account. State Building L. E. Carpenter, salary account David Mackoif, salary account. State Building T. W. Loftus, salary account. State Building Geo. B. Gifford, salary aecount. State Building John Foord, salary account O. R. McKenzie, salary account. Charities Oct. 3. Brooks & Clark, water supply. Pasteur filter. State Building. Mrs. S. H. Murray, pictures, flowers for bees, etc.. Apiarian.. Helen A. Davis, bills paid, etc., September, Working-man's Home Kittle Monroe, salary account, Scientific §187 72 256 87 110 50 52 47 35 00 55 05 108 35 41 38 58 33 55 00 57 06 58 05 60 00 250 00 35 00 117 96 22 07 35 00 33 00 180 95 35 00 16 00 70 00 46 66 30 00 83 00 100 00 81 40 213 00 30 00 100 00 40 00 50 00 115 30 125 00 100 00 106 36 400 00 400 00 300 00 300 00 100 00 $40,000 00 791 68 307 35 30 00 32 00 77 50 150 00 150 00 100 00 25 00 350 00 35 00 150 00 16 75 143 70 65 00 FiNAiv'ciAL Eepoet. 619 Oct. 2. Florence C. Ives, salary account, Women's Board $166 66 Anna I. Jennyss, salary account, "Women's Board 75 00 Margaret Tomes, salary account, Women's Board 125 00 Mary Blunk, salary account, Women's Board 18 00 Marj' Daly, salary account. Woman's Board 20 00 Geo. Hay ward, watchman. State Building 60 00 W. L. Loftus, watchman, State Building 60 00 Geo. A. Smith, salary account. Dairy 160 00 M. T. Morgan, salary account. Dairy 160 00 3. W. I. Buchanan, superintendent Agricultural department, AVorld's Columbian Exposition, bills for forage, feed, etc.. Livestock 896 45 American Express Co., packages of butter and cheese from New York State for September exhibit, Dairj' 384 27 L. C. Baldwin & Co., railing, posts, etc.. Charities 9 60 4. George A. Fuller Co.. plumbing bill. State Building 6 77 Andrew G. Foord, salarj' account, Scientific. 85 00 5. Stella Farrand, salary account. Horticulture 45 00 E. G. Fowler, salary account. Horticulture 200 00 A. D. Perry, salarj' account. Horticulture 175 00 Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, expenses and bills paid 60 45 American Express Co., transportation. Agriculture 327 30 American Express Co., transportation, Horticulture 72 15 7. Portable Chair Concession, rental of chairs 15 00 R. M, Sharra, freight on stock. Live Stock 58 90 J. B. Dutcher, fretght on stock, Live Stock 482 74 9. A. D. Cronk & Co., u.se of car. Live Stock 24 50 E. W. Davis, freight paid. Live Stock 39 10 J. B. Dutcher, agent, freight paid. Live Stock 45 44 10. William Wilson, freights. Live Stock 54 50 George B. Gififord, electrician, salary. State Building 25 00 11. W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 44 95 Harriet L. Husted, salary account. Forestry 40 00 John H. Reynolds, traveling expenses 71 25 12. Western Union Telegraph Co., July and August 45 62 G. T. Powell, traveling expenses and bills. Horticulture 81 80 >Liry A. Bradley, salary. Horticulture 10 50 A. D. Perry, bills paid. Horticulture 510 J. H. Wood, services. Horticulture 22 00 W. T. Ransom, traveling expenses, etc., 8th district 101 36 New York Insulated Wire Co., wiring. State Building 70 21 E. G. Fowler, bills paid. Horticulture 22 95 H. J. Rogers, storage on boxes. Education 124 55 J. B. Dutcher, agent, freights. Live Stock 51 56 Edward Wliite, freights. Live Stock 32 75 13. O. R. JIcKenzie, salary account, C'harities 40 00 Emily Huntington, bills paid. Children's Building, Women's Board ' 219 22 14. John H. Reynolds, salary account 100 00 Footing $47,259 53 16. Juliet M. Preston, stenographer 32 00 H. T. Dana, agent, freights, Live Stock 33 50 Edw. White, freights, etc.. Live Stock 37 00 H. J. Rogers, bills paid, nine vouchers. Education 253 97 JIary E. Alger, salary account. State Building 300 00 John Allison, labor, State Building 60 00 L. M. Howland, traveling expenses and .subsistence account.. 251 35 Geo. B. Carpenter &. Co., awnings. State Building 6 75 David ilackoff, salary account. State Building 75 00 W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses 35 60 17. R. C. Milne, salary account 50 00 6. A. Lar.sen, plumbing bill. State Building 150 80 L. M. Howland, bills paid, "Transportation, S2; Horticulture, §11.30; Dairy, 518.73; General, 821.92; State Building, $246.05 ". 300 00 620 New, Yoek at the "World's Columbian Exposition. Oct. 17. L. M. Howlaud, bills paid, General, $30.80; State Building, §369.30 L. M. Rowland, bills paid, General, §21.03; State Building, §278.98 18. L. M. Howlaud, bills paid. General, §58.95; State Building, §2^16.05 19. F. W. Hawley, bills paid. Live Stock Mar\' H. Barrell. salary accouut Jno. R. Jloynihan. postage stamps 20. Wm. H. McElroy, traveling expenses, October, 1892 Jas. R. Campbell, salary account ... A. D. Cronk & Co. , freight, use car. Live Stock The Wells & Newton Co., plumbing and awning repairs, State Building 21. Harriet L. Husted, salary account. Forestry Helen A. Davis, bills and expenses, Workingman's Home... . T. F. Powers, salary account, Charities E. V. W. Rossiter, treasurer, freights. New York Central and Hiidsou River railroad. Live Stock 23. P. V. Lyon, salary account. State Building Joh^ Foord. expense account jNIiss C. B. Dennis, expense account Western Union Telegraph Co., account for August B. jMcGiveuy, salary account, three months, State Building. . F. H. Elter, traveling expenses 25. Jno.. H. Reynolds, salary account O. R. McKenzie, salarj' account. Charities 26. American Express Co., freights. Dairy, $560.46; Agriculture, §69.70 27. Paul E. Lepoids, electric goods. State Building P. T. Wall, salary account Kittie Monroe, salary account J. G. Steiger, labor. Dairy R. G. Milne, salary account Jas. F. Craig, salary account J. B. Didama, salary account. Wool department. Agriculture. Jas. W. Tappin, 1st district, traveling expenses, etc Geo. B. Gifford, electrician, tools, etc.. State Building Juliet jM. Preston, stenographer 28. J. A. Fowler, salary account. Horticulture Harriet L. Husted, salary and traveling expenses. Forestry. . Mrs! Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling and hotel expenses 30. Geo. S. Stevens, Salary account C. N. Bentley, labor and expenses, State Building A. 6. Mack, salary acccount. State Building Wm. Schwarzwaelder & Co., packing, freight, etc., 1st dis- trict 31. G. W. Bowman, salary and expenses, State Building H. J. Rogers, salary and nine bills paid. Education Frances T. Patterson, subsistence account Stella Farrand, salary account. Horticulture Mary A. Bradley, salary account, Horticulture Margaret Tomes, salary account. Women's Board Floi'ence C. Ives, salary account. Women's Board Anha I. Jenuyss, salary account. Women's Board Mary Blunk, salary account. Women's Board Mary Daly, salary account. Women's Board John Foord, salary accoimt A. G. Mack, traveling expenses. State Building L. E. Carpenter, salary account W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses Nov. 1. T. W. Loftus. salary account, State Building Jas; R. Campbell, salary account Jnc. H. Reynolds, traveling expenses Helen A. Davis, bills paid, etc. Workingman's Home H. Bowen, salary and bills paid, Agriculture §400 00 300 00 300 00 45 00 100 00 9 50 50 25 30 00 60 00 20 51 40 00 84 58 80 00 43 20 50 00 160 00 56 79 30 69 225 00 30 40 100 00 40 00 576 16 75 00 200 00 65 00 30 00 50 00 100 00 60 25 78 65 85 00 32 00 22 50 70 00 121 95 200 00 27 00 100 00 48 72 104 25 333 78 32 00 46 50 46 50 135 00 166 66 73 00 18 00 30 00 250 00 30 17 150 00 61 32 100 00 35 00 55 44 103 •?6 161 95 a z tu > O o < !FrNA2fciAL Eepokt. 621 Nov. 1. J. E. Didama, salary, Agriculture J. M. Thompson, boxing, pacliing, etc P. V. L^'on, salary account. State Building Geo. Hay ward, salary account. State Building 2. World's Columbian Exposition, storage boxes. Scientific 3. John Foley, salary account C. R. Scbraps, subsistence account, §204.80, General; and subsistence account, §970.40, State Building 4. World's Columbian Exposition, storage of boxes, Charities. . . A. G. Foord. salary account. Scientific Juliet M. Preston, stenographer 3Irs. J. R. Moynihan, assistant postmaster, salary account. State Building John R. 3Ioynihan, salary account and traveling expenses. State Building Florence C. Ives, bills paid, etc., 'Women's Board Emily Huntington, salary account and bills paid, Children's Building, Women's Board Mrs. Leslie Pell-Clarke, traveling expenses, etc G. W. Allen, hotel and traveling account A. D. Perry, salary and traveling account. Horticulture E. G. Fowler, salary and expenses. Horticulture 6. C. E. Randall, labor. Viticulture and Horticulture W. J. Loftus, salary. State Building John Foord, subsistence account and expenses 8. James Wood, traveling expenses and bills. Agriculture G. S. Stevens, tvrenty-nine bills paid, various exhibits. 10. T. F. Powers, salary account. Charities 11. H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills. Education Florence C. Ives, bills and expenses paid. Women's Board . . . 13. O. R. McKenzie, salary account. Charities George S. Stevens, twent}- bills paid, miscellaneous exhibits. 14. George S. Stevens, four bills paid, misceUaneous exhibits. . . . Footing 15. W. I. Buchanan, chief Department Agriculture, forage, etc., Live Stock exhibit John H. Reynolds, salary account Ida y. Burch, salary accotmt E, S. Muuson, services and expenses soliciting exhibits. Dairy exhibit American Express Co., express on fruit. Horticulture Postal Telegraph Cable Co Knapp Bros., freight, etc.. Live Stock L. F. Doolittle, freights, etc.. Live Stock Jas. Seeley, freights, etc.. Live Stock : Freeman & Button, freights, etc.. Live Stock "Van Dresser Bros., freights, etc.. Live Stock Geo. Lough, freights, etc.. Live Stock Thos. N. Currv, freights, etc.. Live Stock E. W. Davis, freights, etc.. Live Stock J. H, Earll, freights, etc. , Live Stock 16. H. J. Rogers, salary account and bills. Education P. T. Wall, traveling expenses 18. P. T. Wall, salary account Chas. H. Peck, traveling expenses and bills paid. Scientific. . Geo. B. Gifford, salary account and traveling expenses. State Building Jas. J. Donlan. salary account and bills. Floriculture Garden City Aw-ning and Tent Co., repairs, etc.. Cooking School W. B. Conkej' Co., guide books The Wells &. !Xewton Co.. plumbing account. State Build- ing A. C. JlcClurg & Co., stationery Scrantom, Wetmore & Co. , stationery §120 00 13 00 20 00 75 00 45 33 416 67 1,175 20 11 86 85 00 16 00 200 00 284 08 86 09 466 47 44 70 821 41 288 37 273 00 78 75 60 00 142 00 113 95 800 00 40 00 111 87 83 42 40 00 150 00 53 33 §60,000 00 455 50 100 00 34 00 54 87 87 90 19 06 54 73 81 90 40 73 37 04 65 00 44 93 53 00 38 18 87 84 436 81 26 50 100 00 66 60 134 50 348 09 60 00 9 55 5 50 8 50 58 65 622 New Toek at the "\Yoeld's Columbian Exposition. Nov. IS. Heath & Mlligan Manufacturing Co., floor polish, State Building Wells, Fargo & Co., October expressage. Dairy 20. H. J. Rogers, freight charges, etc.. Education W. H. Holcomb, World's Columbian Exposition, carting, etc., various exhibits R. Bossermau, World's Columbian Exposition, storage, etc., various exhibits , World's Columbian Exposition, carting, plumbing, water sup- ply, etc. . various exhibits Western Union Telegraph Co., October, various exhibits. . . . D. Mackoff, salary account and traveling expenses. State Building Kittie Monroe, traveling expenses, Scientitio 22. H. J. Rogers, salary account, bills, Education O. R. McKenzie, salary and expenses. Charities 23. T. F. Powers, salary and expenses, Charities 24. Freeman & Button, freight. Live Stock A. H. Cooley. freight. Live Stock Jas. E. Hazard, freight. Poultry C. E. Howell, freight. Poultry Ira L. Otis, freight. Live Stock J. F. Knox, freight, Poultrj- D. F. Wilber. freight, etc.. Live Stock J. A. Spraker, freight, etc. , Poultry G. Howard Davison, freight account. Live Stock. . .■ 25. Byrne & Ryan, plumbing. Cooking School John H. Reynolds, salary account 27. A. G. Foord, salary and traveling expenses. Scientific 28. James R. Campbell, salary and traveling expenses Geo. B. Gilford, salary and traveling expenses. State Building. Geo. Hay ward, salary- and traveling account. State Building. 29. John Foley, salary account Geo. S. Stevens, salary account L. E. Carpenter, salary account and traveling expenses J. H. Kintz, livery account E. G. Ferguson, carpenter. State Building and General J. R. Moynihan, salary and traveling expenses Mary E. Alger, salary account. StaFe Building T. W. Loftus. salary account. State Building J. F. Craig, salary account and traveling expenses W. J. Loftus, salary account. State Building B. McGiveny, salary, three months, etc., State Building R. C. ililne, salary and traveling expenses Chicago Wholesale Picture Co., frames G. W. Allen, bills paid, four months' account, board and trav- eling expenses Dec. 11. G. Warren Heath, freight, etc.. Poultry F. W. Hawley, freight, etc.. Live Stock B. J. Hurlbut, freight, etc., Live Stock John Foord, salarv account 18. L. F. Doolittle, freight, etc. , Live Stock 19. Geo. L. Cutter, insurance pictures. Fine Arts 22. E. G, Ferguson, carpenter, various exhibits A. C. Johnson, labor. Forestry Mark S. Cook, labor. Forestry W. L. Sessions, traveling expenses L. M. Howland, trailsportation and subsistence, bills paid, etc JohnH. Reynolds, freight and labor bills paid, various exhibits. John H. Reynolds, freight and labor bills paid, various exhibits. Geo. S. Stevens, fort_v-niue freight and labor bills, various exhibits 1894. Jan. 18. Burton Stock Car Co. , rent two cars. Live Stock , E. W. Crumb, freight bills on stock, Live Stock §2 40 20 47 25 07 51 58 15 25 211 92 28 88 104 25 30 25 190 99 36 14 62 32 10 00 38 00 10 45 4 10 18 30 10 00 25 50 4 15 96 00 206 66 100 00 97 10 59 33 133 98 75 80 416 67 200 00 186 79 148 00 195 20 143 91 300 00 100 00 146 75 60 00 186 50 126 25 29 00 515 15 5 20 91 00 124 33 250 00 49 90 250 00 122 20 20 00 21 33 30 57 262 63 100 00 200 CO 553 41 81 65 48 00 Financial Report. 623 Jan. 18. Metcalf Brothers, freight bills ou stock, Live Stocli G. W. Allen, transportatiou and subsistence expenses G. S. Stevens, salary account and nine bills paid, General and Horticulture John H. Reynolds, traveling expenses, freight and labor paid. John H. Re^-nolds, traveling expenses, freight and labor paid. Feb. 15. John H. Reynolds, salary account Marcli'21. John H. Reynolds, traveling expenses and freight bills paid. 20. Geo. A. Stevens, bills paid §106 64 85 80 146 59 100 00 100 00 100 00 200 00 34 78 670,000 00 SUMMAEY. Expenditures posted to following accounts: Board of General Managers, including amount of .§8,500 Proceeds of for expenses of dedication ceremonies in Chicago, Octo- ^hfbits°per^' ber, 1892, amoimt of $7,500 expenses of Troop A, mill- chapter 497 tiiry escort, payments of §4.500 on State Relief Map, and Laws of 1893, all items not connected -n-ith the various distiict commis- ^^ P' sioners and designated exhibits §94,137 23 $1,331 35 Board of Women Managers 49,999 48 3,193 98 First Judicial District Commission 9,584 15 398 15 Second Judicial District Commission 5,344 95 Third Judicial District Commission 3,045 35 Fourth Judicial District Commission 3,837 10 Fifth Judicial District Commission 4,006 71 Sixth Judicial District Commission 4,361 10 Seventh Judicial District Commission 3,958 19 Eighth Judicial District Commission 3,948 17 32 00 New York State Building in Chicago, construction, decora- tion, etc., salaiy and labor, contingent expenses, furni- ture, fixtures, etc " 200,842 98 Agriculture exhibit 18,356 86 150 69 Dairv exhibit 18,897 31 5,167 38 Horticulture exhibit 14,363 47 485 85 Forestry exhibit 8,966 18 40 00 Ethnology exhibit 9,743 45 3,243 31 Educiitional exhibit 37,795 11 Scientific exhibit 28,890 35 Charities exhibit 8,457 90 Columbian Celebration in New York city 10,000 00 Croton Water exhibit 1,196 37 Naval Review in New York harbor 4,319 30 Floriculture exhibit 10,299 86 Apiarian exhibit , 6,361 45 1,650 94 Viticulture exhibit 4,378 88 Transportation exhibit 7,610 92 Foultrv exhibit 157 41 Fine Arts exhibit 16,987 07 Workingman's Model Home exhibit 4,134 70 637 79 Quarantine exhibit 200 00 State Board of Health exhibit 392 50 New York Citv Board of Health exhibit 225 00 Live Stock exhibit 6,722 56 §597,512 05 $16,160 74 SHORT SKETCH OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBM EXPOSITION. On Janiiarj 2i, 1S90, the House of Kepresentatives, by a majority vote, designated Cliieago as the place for liolding the Columbian Expo- sition. The hnal ballot stood : Chicago, 157 ; New York, 107 ; St. Louis, 25 ; Washington, IS. The bill, as finally amended, received the approval of President liarrison April 2S, 1890. Its full title reads : "An Act to provide for celebrating the iOOth anniversary of the dis- cover}' of America bj Christopher Columbus, by holding an interna- tional exhibition of arts, industries, manufactures and the products of the soil, mine and sea, in the city of C'hicago, in the State of Illinois." On December 24, 1S90, Chicago having complied with all the con- ditions nominated in the bill. President Harrison issued a proclamation inviting the nations of the world to participate in the celebration. By provision of the act the buildings of the exposition were to be dedicated October 12, 1S92, afterwards changed to October 22, and tlie expo.sition opened May 1, 1893, to continue till October 30, 1893. Articles imported for exhibition from foreign countries wei'e admitted free of dut^', taut, if afterwards sold for use in the United States, were subject to payment of duties. The United States government was not to use a sum in excess of $1,500,000 for its exhibit. A naval review in New York ITarbor (see page 70) was ordered for April, 1893. The International Expositions. PLACE. Year. No. of exhibitors. Paid admissions. Dui-atioii, d.iys. Acreage, buildings. Aei-eage, grounds. London ' . . 1851 1855 1862 1867 1873 1876 1878 1889 1893 17,900 33,000 29,000 52,000 43,009 60,000 52.000 60.000 ■MOO, 000 6,039,195 5,163.330 6,311.103 8,407,309 7,354.687 8.004,374 13,623,847 28,149.353 21,477,213 144 300 171 317 386 159 194 183 183 31 34.5 23.5 37 40 56 60 75.5 143.5 Paris Loudon Paris . 50 Vienna 220 Philadelphia Pai'is 284.5 50 Paris 238 633 * Approximate estimate by exposition authorities. GOVEENMENT. TJie government of the exposition was vested in two bodies : the "World's Columbian Commission and the World's Columbian Exposition. The World's Columbian Commission was composed of two commis- sioners from each State and Territory, including the District of Col- umbia, and eight commissioners-at-large. The State and territorial < -a. c ,,1 3 1 4 I S ' 6 ~\ : INDEX TO FOREIGN SITI Braail E-17 Canada E-20 Ccvlon C-18 Colombia D-18 Cosrn Rica D-18 Eastludia E-18 France C-IS Germany D-19 Great Britain E-31 Guatemala D-18 INDEX TO MIDW/« Adams Express C< Algeria and Tuais.. F American Indians F-4 „Uedouin Eufanipin't.G-3 (^Brazilian Music HaU.F-3 gCniro, Street P-7 i:Cjiptive Ballo.tn F-1 '^i^'liin(>sa,Vin.&Th'r..F-4 '-'oinbination Booth.. F-5 ■ I'ahomev Villncre G-4 Diainona?!atL-liCo.,F-U ' I'ior. IJes.of Pumpeii F-7 Eiirel Tower Sludel- F-6 Electric Scenic Tb'r.Fia I G-I3 I Ferris Wheel F-6 " FhetltQuard St i F-U.G-5 Frfiicu Cidor Press.. G-5 German Villap:e F-8 Glass Spinning: G-6 i^Ia(;rt.^nbec'- AninialsG-U Home ll"St:axirant ..G-10 Hunff. Nat.Orpheum.G-2 Ice Railway GO Indian Bazar F-5 Inter.Dress&Cos.Co.F-lS Irish Industries G 14 Irish VUlag n Adminiftrntion.N-18 Echnograpli.Ex.O Ad. & Coll. i;dp .1 15Ex. B'g&Barn.,R-16 AgricuU.Impl'ttO-^i Fisheries F-18 ABricultiire... .0-22 Fish Storage Yd. K-19 AnthropolofficalQ-2o,Fores[ry (3-25 Armv fcfospital .H-19 FreuchBak'yEx.P-2L' Art Galleries ,..C-17|Frencb Colonies Q-24 Art Gall. E. An. C.18 Gov. Plaza H 19 Art Gall. W. An. C-ir.iGt.W. Horse Inn 0-2;J Australian Squat- 'Green House 1-14 ters' Hut K I7;Harbor 1-24 BaDdStandI-21.M 19. Hayward Rest M 16 Nltf Homeop.Headq.G-14 Banquet Hall . .E-19;Horticulture ..ll-ir. Basin 1-15. M-20 Hunters' dnip K-17 Bernheim Bros, Hygeia Coolingr Whisky EX....Q-23 Plant N16 Black3mithShopQ-18|l. C. 59th and 00th Blocker's Cocoa St. Sta G-13 Windmill Q-23 I. C. So. P. Sta.. A13 Boat Landlnit.. G-16.!l.C.W'dla«Ti ytn.L-ll H-16. J-16. K 17,Q 23;Indian School. . . 0-23 British Guiana .P-24 Intram.(El)RRSta linf.BiU'HW'dW.K IHj F-19, A-17,B-li. F-U Cafe&Natafm. N-24 J-U, M-16,0-1C. P-21 CaCude Marine F-171 and Q-2.T Caravels oi Col. N 23 Isabella Booth. K-21 Carpenter Shop Q Iljlzajik Walton's Car Shops R-2r. House D-18 Casino M-23 Jackson's House P-14 Charging Station IJap. Tea House . - E-17 forXamichus. 0-23 Kiichen R-14 Children's Bidg.G 1 5 Knipp's Gun Ex 0-24 Chocol. Menier.NlR Lagoon.. K-18 Choral BIdg J 15 Landscape Dpt .8-25 Clam Bake E-19 Leather Exh....P-24 Cliff Dwellers-. Q-24LifeSav. Sta ...F-19 Coal Shed Q-18 Lighthouse Exh, F-19 Cold Storage, . . .0-15, Log Cabin Q-23 Colonnade P 21 Logger's Camp .P-20 Columb. Foun . N 19 Lnmber Yard ..Q-15 Cora Booths 1-20,J-21 Machinery P-19 Conc'yClear'gH.Q-15 Macb. Annex .. P-17 Conv.LaRabfda.N 23Mach. Shop and Crane Co QISl Boiler House. Q-lfl Dairv Q-24 Manitoba Exh. (M4 DaiiT Birns. . R 21 Mnfrs »& Llb.Ai-tK-20 Distfllerv Exh. K 25 Mer. Tall. Exh E-I6 Ducker HospitalG-H Merck&Co.,DrugFH mvelling S-24!Mid. Plaisance . .F-6 Electric Foun's M-19 Mines L-17 El.ctricity ... .L-l» Model Sun, Sch'l D-14 Encle's iiarbage M'w. Sidfwalk .L-2.i Furnace 8-27 Music Hall I..-22 Esquimaux Vm A-H Naval Exh . F-2I GENERAL INDI Naval Ob6 News Sta' North Cai North In! North Lo« North Po) N. W. Poi N. Y'. W. nion's I Obeliik ., Offlci- Elei Oil House Oil Indus Oil Tank ' Old Tiroes Ore Minit Outs'd Ex Gei Ma Outside Trans. Paint Shi Penn. RR Peristyle Perron . . . Photo Bl( Pier Polish Ca Portab le '. Posse Gv Power H< Pub, Com Puck Pura pHot R.R. Dep Restaura Rest. For RollingCl Rosbach I Rose Ga Ruins of^ Russian J Sawmill . Scales Ofi Service B Sewage C Signal St£ Silos Smith Co Smith, C Eastmn Soda Pav SouthCar South Inl South Lo( I < "index to foreign sites 'and buildings Brazil Cnrmtia HJfvl"n ICi'lombfo CoKfiL Rica-. .WlalIl;^ Expi' Alk'i- ,..E-I7 ,,.B-20 ...C'-IH ,..1)-IH ,..D-1B East Iiitlia Fninco Oermany Great Britain. Guatemala . .E-18 . .(;-!« D-IU .E-21 ,.D-18 Haiti E-19 Japan G-IC New South Wales -E-IO Norway B-19 Slam... D-W INDEX TO MIDWAY PLAISANCE. <-|-|C'l I hi L.Uni/.)lljin iMii Si'nln., Ktn-et glliii.dvo llnllO'in ''iMJll'ilHtliirll I! hiilK.irify Villi.i )lHiii<,rHl Mi,tvh Th' .P'l .Vi u...F-r, ,(;-4 K I K 7 Ji:ilh'ITuwriM Liiplaiiil Village ...G-:i Libhev Glass C0....F-I2 Military Enu...F-2, G-^ Jloorish Falace G-7 Natatorium G-0 NL'wEnk'.LogCabinG-lS Nursery Ex... F13,G-I3 Old Vienna G-4 Ostrich Farm F-3 Piino. Bt-rnese Alpa,G-9 Pauo. Volcano Kil- aueau.,... F-5 Pariw an Store Spi Sweden... Turkey .. Venezuela South fr Persian Concession ..F-7^^- Ilailroad Station — Gil Restaurant G-7. Samoan Islanders.. .G-iO Sitting Bull's Camp. .F-3 South Sea Islanders. G-10 .St. Peler, Model G Turkish Village G U.S. Submarine Ex., G-12 /' Venice Murano Co ..G-Il !• Vienna Caf6 F " Adinlnl;'tmM..ii,NI«iI0ihTiograph.Ex.O 2* Ad.>V(;uli, IlilK I ir.;Kx.U'K&Barn..R-10 Aprri(iiii.Iiiipr(.f<>^M''i.'li. 10. An. t!.18|Giiv. Pla/,a H 19 ArtUall. W. Aii.C-1.'^. Ot.W.Hovso Inn O" I AiiHtralliinSniitit- Greoii ilouse 1-14 ] teiV Hut K 17 Harbor T.-24 BaudStundI-21.M ill, lliiywiivd Hest.M _ K 111 ili.inoop.Headq.G-U U Banquet Hall K, Hi ll.irllfiiUinv ..H-16 BaHln l-Ut. M ^11 HinitiM-s' CiimpK-l? liii Bro» Whisky EX....Q-2S HIiu-ktmithHhopQ 18 lUoukor's Couon Windmill Q'i.i Boat LandliiR,. O-lfl, H 1(1.J-16. K 17,0 2:1 rItlshOiilanii .V'H Hiif.Hill'HW.lW.K i;i U'afe ANiili.I'm. X \H ICiilodrMiuini' V 17 Isol t'ul.N23 teiShop.Q U lips R-2r. St'ii'^ln" M-2;i t^hiiiKliifrHt.rition for l.ininelins, () Sli Ohil.livirsilhlK.i! I-V iMeillLT.N-IKi llygela Cooling I'Tant N 10 l.C.&Oth and 00th St. Sta G-13 1. C. So. P, Sta.. A-13 l.O.W'dlawncta.L-11 ludian School.. .0-23 lntram.(El)RRSta F-IO, A-17,B-14, F-U J-U. M-l6,0-ir>, P-21 and 0-25 Isabella Booth. .K.-21 Izaak Walton's House D-18 Jackson's House F-14 .lap, Tea House. ,E-n Kli.'lu'n IM4 Kiiipi.'s GunExO-24 k'ooii K-18 lUiuml Hldg .( liiiLaiiducape Dpt .S-2.i ■" " ■- Leather Exh....P-2i LlfoSiiv. Sta,...F-19 Ughthouae Exh.F-19 Log Cabin Q" Lugger's Camp ,P- ' •raber Yard " .E-19 .0,-24 M I' 31 N 111 10,. I 31 Muchliici'y ... Oliiin lliike'; Olill IhvoUors. CiinlSlicd Cold SlovuKO,. Oolarmado Oolumb. I'oiiu. Com Uooths I. Cono'HClivir'RrU.olfi MaiMi. Annex Conv.LaHabltln. N 3:1 Maeli, Urano Co Dairy l)nlivllini». , I'lstlllerv Ksh. l)uclii;iH„>,|,ltiiI(l.il:Merek&Co..brugF-ii "•'•lll"i; sji'Mlil. l>lulsanoe...F-6 Kli'i'tri,' Konu^ M liv:\liiu's L-17 lOl.elri.lly ,1, IsHoih.lSun.Sch'l D-U I'.iiitle's l)i.rliai;i' Mov. Sict.'walk .L-2.i I'UriiiU'v S.'j; Musir Hall L-22 Ksquinmvix VIU ,\-ll Navol Exli . F-21 p. 1(1 r-17 Shop and ml BollcrHoii.se. Q-19 ,, -MlMiuiltoha Exh...C-U 1! ■;iiMiilrs.&Llb.AitK-20 I! ■-•...Mor. Tall. Exh -E-16 Naval Ohnerv'y..F.20 News Stand K-21 North Canal L-l» North Inlet E.22 .North Loop G-18 North Pond D-17 N. VV. Pond B-H N. Y. Working- man's Home ..0-24 Obelisk P-21 Offlce Elec. Uept P-20 Oil House P14 Oil Industries.. .Q-10 Oirionk Vault . B-20 01dTime3Dis.Co.R-24 Ore Mining Co.-N-ls Outs'd Exh. Ger.Q-21 Ger.Maeh.P-19 Maeh Q-19 Outside Exhibit Trans. Dept...K-I4 Paint Shop. P-» Penn. RU. Exh..N-16 Peiistyle K-23 Perron 0-17 Photo Bldg J-H Pier I.-26 Polish Care E-18 Portab !eHoU8es.R-25 Posse Gym E-18 Power House. ...R.\ Piib.Comt. A-16, E-16 Puck G-lfj Pum pHouse P.20 S-2fl R.K. Depot 0-17 Kesta urant B-lfi Rest. For. King. 021 RollingOhair CoH-20 Rosbach Co P- Rose Garden J-17 Ruins ofYucatanQ-21 Russian Kiosk . .1-20 Sawmill Scales Offlce... Sei-\'ice Building J-15 Sewage Cl.W'ks..S-5.i Signal Station... R-16 Silos S-21 Smith Coi-'g Co. R-16 Smith, Crimp & Eastman R-14 Soda Pavilion . , E-20 SouthCanal. South Inlet. South Loop . ■K . -O-20 .N-2t .0-23 SoulhPond P-2.3 S.S.Rap.Tra.Sta.M-16 Statue America. .E-20 Statue Franklin M-18 ^ Stat, of Republic. L-22 Stat. Wm. Penii.l U Stereo- Building Q-19 Stock Exhibit. .R-20 StoekPavilioii...P.21 Swedish Rest....E-17 Terminal R. R...0-16 Terminal Sta.... 0-17 Transportation. L-16 Type Life Boats. F-19 U.S. Bn'dW-h(A)R-15 U. .s. Gov't Building. H-l» U.S. Wind En. &P'mpCoN-15 Vonderbilt RR.Exh..M-16 ._ -- VanHoilten& j!£|»«|i Zoon Co.H-20 "»«"; Ml Viking S'p F-20 81^^011 /■/ WnlterBuker &Co K- VV.M.Lowney Go's Pay. .L-22 Wareh'se Q-16. R-16 Warehouses (B&C)...R-19 Waieh's for Pk. Cases S-16 W.C.E.B'rnO-14 Weath.BurF-19 Wellington Catering Co Jl-23 W, stinghouse's Office.... Q-IS Westinghouse Co'sSto'h R-16 WhalingBurk " Progr's"P-23 WhiteSlar Line G-16 \Vindmills.Q-23 Woman's Building..F-16 Wooded Island J-17 Yards of Bid's & Gr'ds Q-U Historical Sketch. 625 commissioners were appointed by their respective Governors, the others by tlie President. An alternate vras also appointed for each in case the original apiDointee could not serve. The duties of the commis- sion were to accept such plans for site and buildings as were submitted by the World's Columbian Exposition ; determine the plan and scope of 'the exposition ; allot space to exhibitors ; supervise the classifica- tion and installation of exhibits ; provide for awards, and have gen- eral charge of all matters relating to exhibitors and foreign represen- tatives. The compensation of commissioners was six dollars per day, while on business of the commission, and actual ti-aveling expenses. The officers of the commission were : President, Thomas W . Palmer, Michigan ; lirst vice-president, Thomas M. Waller, Connecticut ; second vice-president, M. H. De Young, California ; third vice-presi- dent, Davidson B. Penn, Louisiana ; fourth vice-president, Gorton W. Allen, New York ; fifth vice-president, Alexander B. Andrews, North Carolina ; secretary, John T. Dickinson, Texas ; director-general, George P. Davis, Illinois. The World's Columbian Exposition was an Illinois corporation, organized to comply with the terms of the act of Congress authorizing the fair. Its duties were to provide grounds and buildings for the recejjtion of exhibits ; to provide for the transportation and protec- tion of visitors ; collect admissions, and in general control the finan- cial interests of the fair. The corporation was represented by its board of directors ; the ofKcers wei-e : President, Harlow N. Higin- botham ; vice-presidents, Ferdinand W. Peck and Robert A. Waller ; secretary, Howard 0. Edmonds ; treasurer, Anthony F. Seeberger ; auditor, William K. Ackerman ; director of works, Daniel H. Burnham. It was inevitable that the province of each board should seem at times to overlajj the territoiy of the other. To remedy this, a Board of Reference and Control, composed of members of each of the princi- pal boards, was created, and afterwards a Council of Administration, composed of two members from each board. This arrangement was far from satisfactory, and after the exposition was fairly vmder way, and it Ijecame imperative that matters, of administration should be decided without delay, the Director-general was made the chief execu- tive officer of the fair, and the Director of Works subordinate. Board of Lady Managers. The act of Congress also provided for a Board of Lady Managers, two from each State and Territory, nominated by the national com- missioners thereof, one nominated by each commissioner-at-lai'ge, and nine from the city of Cliicago appointed by President Ilarrison. Alternates were also appointed, and the compensation of the membei's of the board was the same as for the Board of National Connnissioners. The powers and duties of the Board of Lady Managers were to man- age and control the Woman's Building; to be represented on all juries of awards examining products in which female labor was a factor ; and in general to look after the interests of women at the exposition. The officers of the board were : President, Mrs. Potter Palmer, Illinois; first vice-president. Mrs. Ralph Trautmann, New York; secretary, Mrs. Susan G. Cooke. Tennessee. 79 626 JSTew Yoek at the Woki-d's Columbian Exposition. World's Congress Auxiliary. An authorized adjunct of the exposition was the World's Congress Auxiliary, designed '' to supplement the exhibit of material progress hj the exposition, by a portrayal of the wonderful achievements of the new age in science, literature, education, government, jurisprudence, morals, charity, religion and other departments of human activity, as tlie most effective means of increasing the fraternity, progress, pros- perity and peace of mankind." It was a series of congresses at which were collected the best minds in the world, and tJie latest theories and discoveries on all social and moral topics were fully discussed. The work performed by this international interchange of ideas was in the highest degree valuable to human progress. Tlie officers of the World's Congress Auxiliary were : President, Charles C. Bonney ; vice-president, Thomas B. Bryan ; treasurer, Lyman J. Gage ; secre- taries, Benjamin Butterworth and C. E. Young. The meetings of the congress were held at the Art Institute, on tlie lake front, Michigan avenue, foot of Adams street. Departments. The exposition in reference to exhibits was classified by the ISTational Commission in thirteen great dejaartments, subdivided into 176 groups, containing 968 classes. Each department was presided over by a chief and executive staff, who, subject to the rules of the exposition, controlled all minor matters concerning exhibits and exlnbitors, and were responsible to the National Commission for all acts. The depart- ments were as follows : A. — Agriculture, food and its accessories, agricultural machineiy and appliances. Chief, W. I. Buchanan. B. — Horticulture. Chief, J. M. Samuels; Superintendent Floricul- ture, John Thorpe ; Superintendent Pomology, Charles Wright ; Superintendent Viticulture, TI. M. La Hue. C. — Live Stock : Domestic and Wild Animals. Chief, W. I. Buchanan. D. — Fish, Fisheries, Fish Products and Apparatus of Fishing. Chief, J. W. Collins. E. — Mines, Mining and Metallurgy. Chief, Frederick J. Y. Skiff. F. — Machinery. Chief, L. W. Robinson. G. — Transportation : Railways, Yessels, Vehicles. Chief, Willard A. Smith. II. — Manufactures. Chief, James Allison. J. — Electricity and Electrical Appliances. Chief, John P. Barrett. K. — Fine Arts: Painting, Sculpture, Architecture, Decoration. Chief, Halsey C. Ives. L. — Liberal Arts : Educati6n, Engineering, Public Works, Construc- tive Architecture, Music and the Drama. Chief, Selim H. Peabody ; Superintendent Hygiene, F. W. Brewer ; Superin- tendent Education, Wm. O. Pratt ; Superintendent of Chari- ties and Corrections, jST. S. Rosenau ; Director ' of Music, Theodore Thomas. Historical Sketch. 627 M. — Ethnology, Arcliseologv : Progress of Labor and luvention, Iso- lated and Collective Exhibits. Chief, F. W. Putnam. X. — Forestry and Forest Products. Superintendent, L. M. Evans. United States Government Exhibit. Chairman, Ed\viii Willits ; secretary, F. T. Bickford. Other departments connected with the executive government of the fair were : O. — Pulilicity and Promotion. Chief, Moses P. Handy. P. — Foreign Affairs. Chief, "Walker Fearu. Bureau of Awards. Executive conmiittee, John Boyd Thacber, chairman ; A. T. Britton, A. B. Andrews, W. J. Sewell, B. B. Smalley. Bureau of Admissions and Collections. Superintendent, Horace Tucker. Bureau of Pulilic Comfort. Chief, W. Marsh Kasson. Bureau of Decoration and Entertainment. Chief, F. D. Millet. Bureau of Transportation. Chief, "W. H. Holcomb. Columbian Guard. Commandant, Col. Ednmnd Rice, U. S. A. Fire Department. Chief, Edward "W". Murphy. Architectuee. The selection, on Julj' 1, 1890, of Jackson Park and the large area of iinimj)roved land south of it as the site for the exposition gave the architects and landscape gardeners a splendid opportunity for a display of creative genius. The exposition officials chose Frederick Law Olmsted, Xew York, landscape architect ; Daniel H. Burnham, Chicago, chief architect ; J. W. Eoot, Chicago, consulting architect, and Charles B. Atwood, Xew York, designer-in-chief. It was wisely determined not "to intrust the designing of the buildings to any one man or firm, but to summon the most noted exponents of American architecture to aid in the work. The location of buildings and plans of water and railways were ^jractically those of Boot, Olmsted & Codmau after consultation with the leading architects. The great buildings about the Court of Honor were treated ^vith special care, and intrusted to architects in sympathy with the same methods and principles. The buildings had a depend- ence on each other, not the case in other parts of the grounds, and were made to harmonize in character. The uniform stj'le adopted by the architects was necessarily expressive of the highest civilization and free from any romantic or picturesque features. The Roman classic was the form agreed upon as best fulfilling all conditions and capable of variations according to the best Italian and Renaissance models. The architects further agreed that the module of proportion for the structure of the facades should be a bay not exceeding twentj'-five feet in width nor sixty feet in height to top of main cornice. In all other respects the genius of each artist was left free to treat the sub- ject as the space and utility seemed to warrant. The result commanded tlie admiration of the world. The material was temporary, which may provoke the argument that it was not true art, yet it was still the most inagniticient portrayal of tlie possibilities of art ever witnessed. 62S IS^EW YoEK AT THE WoELd's CoLnjIBIAN EXPOSITION. The material which rendered possible this counterfeit of architecture is known as " staff." It was invented in France about 18Y6, and was first used at the Paris Exposition in 1878. Its constituents are powdered gypsnm chiefly, with alumina, glycerine and dextrine. It is mixed with water without heat and cast in molds in any desired form. In molding it is mixed with coarse shreds of cloth, bagging or other fibrous material to prevent its being brittle. Staff is water- proof, takes paint readily, and its cost is one-twelfth that of marble. It is sjjecially a matter of pride to New York that all of the prominent sti'uctures in the vista of the Court of Honor were the work of New York architects. The only exceptions were the Machinery and Electricity buildings on the extreme southwest and northwest corners. Not only that, but the designing of the court itself and its chief features, the Peristyle, Colonnade, statue of the " Pepublic," Columbia and electric fountains were also done by New York artists. The following data concerning the principal buildings are of interest : BUILDINGS. Administration . Agriciiltlu'e Antliropology . . Art Palace Dairy Electricity Fisheries Forestry Horticulture Leather and Shoe . Machinerj' Boiler House Manufactures Mines and Mining . Stock Pavilion Stock Sheds Terminal Architect. Richard M . Hunt, New York McKim, Mead & White, New York. Exposition officials Charles B. Atwood, New York. . . Exposition officials Van Brunt & Howe, Kansas City. . . Henry Ives Cobb, Chicago. Charles B. Atwood, New York. W. L. B. Jenney, Chicago Exposition officials Peabody & Stearns, Boston .... George B. Post, New York S. S. Beman, Chicago Exposition officials Exposition officials Charles B. Atwood, New York . Adler & Sullivan, Chicago Transportation . . . Woman's Sophia G. Hayden, Boston Thirty other buildings — Casino, Music Hall, Choral Hall, La Rabida, Indian School, etc. U. S. Government . . . Battleship, "Illinois State and foreign build- ings (approximate) Midway P 1 a i s a n c e buildings (approxi- mate) . Children's Building . . . W. J. Edbrooke, Washington. . Size in feet. 262 X 262 ( 500 X 800 ■) »312x550.5 415 X 255 (320x500 1 *1.36x200(2) 94.1x199.8 345 X B90 ( 162.1x361 1 -, * 135 in diam- I eter (2) 208 X 528 250.8x997 8 150 X 625 ( 494 X 842 'I *490x651 86x103 6 787x1,687 350 X 700 265 X 960 450 X 150 I 256x960 1 *435 X 850 198.8x398 351x421 69 X 348 Acres of floor space including galleries. 4.5 (15 } 4 8 6 (4.6 11.4 .8 9.3 (1.4 ■| •" 2.6 8 4.3 (17 1 6.2 2 2 44'" 8.6 (9 4 "I 8.5 3.3 208.8 6.2 15.2 9 .3 240.1 Cost. $436,500 691,500 200,000 670,500 30,000 418,500 224,750 90.230 287,000 100,000 1,050,750 75.000 1,600.750 266.500 125.000 210,000 300,000 369,000 188,000 738,000 88,017.000 400,000 100.000 2,250,000 1.500.000 30,000 S12,297;000 * Annex. The cost of the Paris ('89) buildings was $5,826,408. No reliable figures on the cost of the Paris ('78) and Philadelphia expositions are known, as both fairs were run at a great loss and no report made. HiSTOEicAL Sketch. 629 Aet. The most promiueut works of art which adorned the grounds were : The Cokimbia Fountain, in the western section of the Conrt of Honor, designed hx Frederick McMonnies, now resident in Paris, bnt a-native American. The design is idealistic of modern liberty. A barge, guided by Time and heralded by Fame, carries Columbia, seated on a throne. On one side are four rowers, representing the Arts, and on the other four, representing Science, Industry, AgTicnlture and Commerce. Preceding the barge are eiglit seahorses in groups of two, ridden l:iy eight young men, representative of modern commerce. The circular base was 15<;i feet in diameter, and on each side were columns lifty feet high, surmounted by eagles. See page 140. Tlie statue of the '• Kepublic," in the eastern section of the Conrt of Honor, designed by Daniel C. French, of New York. The figure is sixty-five feet high, and of wonderful symmetry. The head, neck and arms were finished in old ivory, after copies of the Jupiter and the ilinerva of Phidias, while the rest of the form and drapery was of bronze or gilt. See page 344. The magnificent examples of Grecian architecture, the Peristyle and Colonnade, which inclosed the com't on the east and soutli, designed by Charles B. Atwood, of Xew York. The Columbus Quadriga, surmounting the central arch of the Peris- tyle, designed by D. C. French and E. C. Potter, of jSTew Yoi-k. It represents Columbus as he appeared in the triumphal fete given on his return from his first voyage. The central figure of the great dis- coverer is fourteen feet high, and admirably posed. Four horses draw the chariot, Jed by two women. The life and syirit of the group were a great triumph to the artists, and by many it was considered the finest work on the grounds. The statue of Columbus, in front of the Administration Building, by Mary T. Lawrence, a pupil of Augustus St. Gaudens. The figure represents Columbus with tiie banner of Castile and Arragon in liis hand, taking possession of America. It is heroic in model and treatment. The statue of Benjamin Franklin, in the portal of the Electricity Building. It was the work of Carl Rohl-Smith, and represents the philosopher \vith his kite and key tempting the lightning from the clouds. In the southern portion of the Grand Canal, fronting the Colonnade, was a magnificent obelisk, surrounded by groups of lions, designed by i[. A. Waagen. Adoi-ning the bridges aud overlooking the lagoons were the celebrated bulls, by E. C. Potter, the draught horses, by Pot- ter and French, cowboy and pony and Indian and ])ony. by A. P. Proc- tor, and the buffaloes, bears, elks, and panthers, by Edward Kemeys and A. P.. Proctor. The statue of Diana, by Augustus St. Gaudens, which adorns the dome of tiie Agricultural Building, was the original one designed for the Madison Square Garden, Xew York, and afterwards replaced by a smaller one. Hundreds of groups, typical and orna- mental, adorned the exteriors and interiors of the buildings, designed by such eminent artists as Karl Bitter, Philip Martiny, Lorado Taft, 630 New York at the "World's Columbian Exposition. Joluinn Gelert, Larkiu ]\Iead, John J. Bojle and others, and in all formed a collection of models which cannot fail to have deeply impressed and educated the American public. National and International Suppoet. The widespread interest taken in the fair by the States of the Union and the countries of the world is strikingly evidenced by the appended tables. The amounts appropriated by the States and Territories of the Union, for defraying cost of State buildings and exhibits, are as follows; each state had a building of its own except Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Oregon, South Carolina, Tennessee and Alaska Territory. A joint building was erected by the territories of Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma. Alabama Arizona Arkansas Califox'nia . . . . Colorado Connecticut.. . Delaware Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky . . . . Louisiana Maine Maryland Massaclmsetts Michigan Minnesota. . . . Mississippi. . . Missouri Montana . . . . Nebraska Nevada 538,000 30,000 55,000 550,000 167,000 75,000 20,000 50,000 100,000 100.000 800, OUO 135,000 180,000 165,000 175,000 36,000 57,000 60,000 175,000 375,000 150,000 25,000 150,000 100,000 85,000 10,000 New Hampshire. New Jersey New Mexico New York ; North Carolina . . North Dakota... . Ohio Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania. . . . Rhode Island. . . South Carolina . . South Dakota. . . . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia "Washington "West Virginia. . . "Wisconsin "Wyoming §25,000 180,000 35,000 600,000 45,000 70,000 200,000 17,500 60,000 360,000 57,500 50,000 85,000 35,000 40,000 50,600 39,750 75,000 100,000 40,000 212,000 30,000 Total $6,060,350 The foreign nations made the following appropriations to make and maintain exhibits : Argentine Republic §1 00, 000 Austria.. Belgium Barbados *Brazil British Guiana British Honduras. . . *Canada Cape Colony *Ceylon *C'olombia *Costa Rica Cuba Danish "V\''est Indies. 103,800 57,000 5,840 600,000 25,000 7,500 100,000 5f),000 65,500 100,000 150,000 25,000 1,200 867,000 10,000 5,000 125,000 733,000 *Germa.ny 800,000 Denmark Dutch Guiana. . . . Dutch "W^est Indies. Ecuador *France . *Great Britain . Greece *6uatemala. Hawaii *Hayti Honduras.. . . India Jamaica 391,000 60.000 300,000 40,000 25,000 20,000 30,000 24,300 * Erected government buildings for exhibits and headquarters of commissioners. HisTOKicAL Sketch. 631 *Japau §630,000 Lei'ward Islrnds. . Liberia Mexico Morocco •'New Soutb Wales Netherlands New Zealand Nicaragua ^Norway Orange Free State.. Paraguay Peru 6,000 7,000 50,000 IdO.OWt 243,325 100,000 27.500 31,000 56,280 7,500 100,000 140,000 Russia Salvador San Domingo. *Siam *Spain "Sweden Trinidad *Turkey .... Uruguay "^Venezuela. . . §46,330 12,500 25,000 35,000 300,000 108,000 15,000 17,466 24,000 100,000 Total §0,951,531 * Erected government buildings for exhibits and headquarters of commissioners. Attendance. While the Chicago Exposition did not. as was fondly hoped, excel all previon.s records in attendance, it so closely approached them, under adverse conditions, as to practically triumph over its com- petitors. The price of admission, double that of Paris, its closest rival, the distance to be traveled by sightseers, the high rates prevail- ing on many railroads till late in the season, and the comparatively small population within a radius of one hundred miles, render the figures actually recorded a marvel. The following table gives the montlily and total attendance in com- parison with Paris and Philadelphia : Chicago. Paris, 1889. Philadel- PIHA, 1871). Paid admis- sions. Passes. Total. Paid admis- sions. Paid admis- sions. May June July 1,050,037 3,675,113 2,760,363 3,515,493 4,659,871 6,816,435 481,947 903,721 1,217,239 1,172.215 1,149,071 1,128,995 1,531,984 3,577,834 3,977,502 4,687.708 5,808,943 7,945,430 2,610,813 4,338,869 4,544,196 4,977,093 5,246,704 4,820.869 1,610,810 378.980 695,666 636 518 August September October ^November .... 908.684 2,130,931 2,334.530 918 965 Total 31,477,213 6,052,188 27,539,400 28,149,3.53 8,004,274 * Tile Chicago figures do not include post-exposition attendance. jSTo very accurate comparison can be made between Chicago's paid admissions and Paris'. The admission fee in Paris was one franc, but before eleven a. >i. and in the evening two tickets were i-eqnired for admission, and on some special fete days five tickets wei'e i-e<|uired. The exact number of persons wlio visited the Paris Exposition on the above number of paid admissions was 25,398,6iJt). The numlier admit- ted by passes in Paris was i,204-,758, making the total admissions, paid and free, 32,354,111. In Philadelphia the free admissions were l,90t),692, making tlie total attendance 9,010,960. At the Chicago Fair the admission was fifty cents, and no i'educti(.in was made except dur- ing Children's "Week in the month of October. 632 New Yoek at the Wokld's Columbian Exposition. The number of free admissions recorded at all of tlie expositions is mucli greater than the actual number of passes granted, as many work- men and regular officials and employees passed in and out several times daily. The greatest number attending in any one day at Paris was on October third, when there were 387,877 paid admissions. The highest attend- ance at Chicago was on October ninth, '• Chicago Day," when 716,881 ]3aid admissions were recorded. The following were the principal attendance days of the fair : May 1, June 8, July 4, Aug. 24, Sept. 4, Sept. 7, Sept. 9, Sept. 14, Sept. 16 Sept. 23 Oct. 7 Opening Day Infanta's Daj' United States Day Illinoi.': Day N. York Day (ruondiiy). Pen nsy Ivan iii Day California Day Oliio Day 128. 135, 283, 243, 160, 203, 231, 198, 202, 21.5, 0,00 935 281 278 951 382 460 .522 770 376 643 176 Oct. Oct. 10 Oct. 11 Oct. 12 9, Chicago Day 716, 309, 309, 278, Oct. lo 221, Oct. 21, Manhattan Day 298, Oct. 24 243, Oct. 25 252, Oct. 27 250, Oct. 28 240, Oct. 30, Closing Day 210, 881 294 277 878 607 928 178 618 583 32 622 Finance. The following table, taken from the report of Auditor William K. Ackerman iSoveniber 25, 1893, and complete to NoTember 12, 1893, with subsequent expenses estimated, gives a concise view of the financial history of the exposition. After all expenses and possible lia- bilities are paid it is estimated that the shareholders will receive from ten to twenty per cent on their investment. The souvenir coins were not the success expected and sold slowly. On the other hand, the con- cession receipts were greater than anticipated : Receipts. Capital stock §5,604,171 97 Chicago bonds 5,000, 000 00 Souvenir coins 2,448, 032 28 Gate receipts 10,626,330 76 Concession receipts,;.... 3,699,581 43 Miscellaneous receipts . . . 686,070 49 Interest 86,981 82 §28,151,168 75 Expenditxires. Construction expenses . . . $18,322,622 56 General and operating ex- penses 7,127,240 32 Preliminarj' organization. 90,674 97 Outstanding debts, obliga- tions, estimated liabili- ties, salaries, office ex- penses, etc Net assets. 62.5,540,537 85 748, 1,862, 147 00 483 90 §28,151,168 75 The capital stock was subscribed by residents of Chicago, and the city was bonded to the extenf'of $5,000,000 in aid of the enterprise ; the souvenir coins, half a million half-dollars, were gi-s-en to the expo- sition company by the United States to be sold at a premium. Those unsold were turned back into the treasury and recoined. A more detailed account of expenditures may be gathered from the f ollowine- statement : Historical Sketch. 633 Architecture §398,810 19 Authropologv 21T.6::S8 65 Art ". 801,444 68 Affriculture 740,655 55 Bridging 84.529 19 Coloring and decorating... 388,284 31 Concession expenses 128,209 44 - Ceremonies 333,663 8:< Dredging 615.144 36 Damages 197. 146 82 Dairy 110.770 16 Deco'rations 119. 134 81 Donations and charities .... 27.996 17 Electrical 1,911,857 04 Engineering, survej'iug, tc. 218.229 03 Fencing 95,631 45 Fire protection 298.254 18 Foreign agents 168,898 17 Finance 601,230 85 Fisheries 257,466 30 Forestry 110.533 78 Furniture 125.774 55 Grounds 465.480 85 Grate expenses 347,3-53 48 General expenses 1,294,565 92 Horticulture and floricul- ture 456,628 25 Insurance 183,687 03 Installation 387,950 81 Janitors 378.038 42 Landscape gardening 551,448 45 Live stock §258,560 87 Manufactures and liberal arts 1,890.198 65 Marine service 58, 151 76 Music 600.947 59 Mines and mining 327,575 56 Machinerv 2,786.684 91 Medical and surgical 44,983 03 National agitation 87,807 56 Police projection 1,301,478 73 Piers and breakwaters 600.449 11 Preliminary organization. . . 90,674 97 Public comfort'^ 1.50,404 23 La Rabida Convent 25.0119 16 Roads aud sidewalks 394. 428 41 Railway transportation 1,247,101 48 Sculpture 866,172 13 Stable expenses 110,207 37 Superintendence and inspec- tion 292,690 30 Special attractions 125,760 75 Shoe and leather 111,062 13 Transportation exhibits. . . . 587,281 75 Viaducts 39,637 63 World's congress auxiliary . 264,061 03 Woman's Building 141,032 55 Water and sewage 1,132,770 44 Total §25,540,537 85 Tea^'spoetatiox. The transportation facilities yrere imexcelled. The park was con- nected with the heart of the city, seven and one-half miles distant, by surface cars, cable and electric, elevated railroad, Illinois Central rail- road, which devoted two tracks to exj)osition traffic alone, steamboat lines to Tan Bnren street, and was also within easy walking distance of the greater part of South Cliicago. The total carrying capacity of the ditferent lines was about 125,0o0 persons per hour. This system was tested thoroughly on Chicago Day, and the enormous crowd was handled successfully without serious accident or delay. Within the grounds transportation was by means of the Intramural railway, an elevated electric road, and electric launches on the lagoons. Midway Plaisance. No description of the fair, however brief, would be complete -svith- out an allusion to the famous side show of the exposition, " The Mid- way." This strip of land, seven-eighths of a mile long and &)() feet ^vide, connects Jackson Park with Washington Park, and along its sides were ranged the various exhil)its. attractions and novelties culled from every quarter of the glol^e, but not strictly admissible into the exposition grounds proper. An admission fee was charged to all exhil)its of consequence. The co.smopolitan nature of the crowd which jostled up and down the thoroughfare, the strange intermingling of 80 634 New Yokk at the World's Columbian Exposition. languages, customs and manners, and the spectacular effect of the bits of Europe, Asia and Africa, transplanted to a western soil, formed a picture which delighted thousands. The principal features of the Plaisance were the German Village, Old Vienna, Cairo Street, Javanese Village, South Sea Islanders, Dahome)' Village, Irish Village, Jajjanese and Algerian Bazaars. Tlie Ferris Wlieel was an engineering work of such magnitude as to warrant notice. The wheel was 250 feet in diameter, and revolved on an axle wliich was forty-hve feet long, thirty- two inclies in diameter and weighed seventj'' tons. The feature of the wheel was the tension spokes, which were tinder strain only when in use. This occurred when the spokes were below the levtl of the axle, as they then held up the lower semi-circle of the wheel, whicli, in turn, supported the upper arc, thus forming a perpetual arched bridge. The number of cars was thirty-six, each capable of holding twenty -four persons. The wheel cost §380,000, and paid for itself by September tirst. A large portion of the revenue of the exposition company came from the amount paid for " concessions " by the companies and exhibits along the Plaisance. AwAEDS. The number of awards granted by the exposition was 23,757, which represented thirtj'-six per cent of the exhibitors entered for awards. This number is far below any other international exposition, Paris (1889) having granted 33,889 awards, or iifty-live per cent of the num- ber exhibiting. The system of awards, as devised by a joint commission of the World's Columbian Commission and World's Columbian Exposition, and approved by Congress, was a development of the " American sys- tem," hrst introduced at Philadelpliia (1876), and excludes the " com- petitive idea." A standard of excellence is hxed ii\ each group and class. All exhibits reaching this standard receive a bronze medal and also a dijiloma which states the specihc points of excellence for M-hich the award is granted. The diploma is signed by the individual judge making the examination and countersigned by the president of the departmental committee, or jury, which pass upon the findings reported by the individual judges. For full explanation of the system, see page 524. Close of the Exposition. The exposition company had agreed to restore Jackson Park to its former condition within a stated time, or to a condition acceptable to •the park commissioners. The Art Palace in the northern part of the grounds was better built than most of the structures, and will be allowed to remain as a permanent exhibfHon building. The waterways, lagoons, islands and other features of the landscape gardening will also remain to attest the wondrous creation of which it was the groundwork. It was earnestly hoped tliat some arrangement could be found whereby the Court of Honor might be undisturbed for several years at least. The " staff " which formed the. facades of the Historical Sketch. 635 buildings will resist the wear of the elements for a long time if kept painted, and the project was possible. The grandeur of the court wliose fame had been carried to e-\'ery corner of the earth, would have atti-aeted visitors by the thousands and have been a scene of beauty and inspiration worth every trouble to preserve it. The deliberations af tiie exposition and park officials on the subject were cut abruptly by the spirit of vandalism which broke out in South Chicago in the winter of 1893-1894, and one after another tlie structures inclosing the court were destroyed by incendiary tires. The great exposition has become history. Its record is incomparably above any that has preceded it, and it has set a standard difficult to attain liy its successors. It will be known as the crowning industrial achievement of the close of the nineteenth century, and it attests not (inly the courage, genius and progress of the city which built it, but also of the whole American people who sustained and supported it. INDEX. Abel. Mary H., 412 Academies exhibit. 459, 469 Act of Legislature providing for Xcw Yorks part in the Columbian Exposi- tion, 18 Act of Legislature providing for cele- bration of 4C0th anniversary of Colum- bus' discovery, 39 Act of Legislature designatina: October 12, 1892, a special holiday, 4f Act of Legislature making second appro- priation, 69 Adler, Felix. 4.52, 460 Administration Building, photographs of, 136. 384 Afro- American exhibit, 176; catalogue of, 196 Agricultural Building, photographs of, 302. 424 Agricultural exhibit: Description of, 73 Report on. 219 Catalogue of, 223 Awards to. 531 Photographs of, 223, 226, 242 Albany Academy, 459 Alb.mv Girls' Academy, 459 Albany High School, 460, 464, 470 Allen, Gorton W. : Submission of report, 3 Appointment as National Commissioner, 8 Fourtli vice-president Columbian Com- mission, 8 Joint b inijuet given by, 8 Photograpli of, 14 Speech at Commissioners' banquet, 15 Appointment on Board of General Mau- agei-s. L J Vice-president Board of General Man- agers, 22 Member of auditing committee, 26 Altgeld, Gov. Johi. P., 123 American .'lufeum Xatur.il History, 461 Ames, S.r.i'i I"., Ib7 Andrews. A. i... 5S8 Anthropological Building, photograph of, 416 Apiarian exhibit, description, 74; photo- graph of, '. Appl 'tiin, C Ic-.nd. 379 Appli 1 -Vii exhibit, 178; awards to, 180; catalo . '^ 192 Archc • 'DEX. 643 IMaps. See, also. Relief maps Marev, Williiim, 464 ^larsiiall, ^yilliam B., 314; report of. 5(»3 Martiu. C. W., 335, 336 Martin. Marv. 159 Marvin, D. S., 244 Masten, J. II., 501 Mattice, ilanly B., 21; photograpli of, 50 Maxwell. James. 334 Maxwell, William H., 452 ^lavnard, George, 97, 379 McChesney, Clara, 186 McCormick, C. H., 524 McElrov, "William H., poem at dedication of New York Biiildins, 63 MfKehvav, St. Clair, 104 McKini, Charles F., 97 McKim, Mead & White, 5, 93 McMahon, Martin T., 42, 43 McXaughton, Donald : Appointment as chief executive officer, 31 Photograph of. 30. dominates officers of "Women's Board, 34 Inspection of exhibits with Governor Flo-wer, 102 Sickness and death, 105 Sketch of life, 105, 106 Burial of, 107 Resolutions to, 108 Mention of, 109 Aid to Art exhibit, 178 Instigates Board of Health exhibit, 449 Aid to Educational exhibit, 461 McXaughton Co., 221 3IcPherson, Rev. Simon J., dedication pr.iver, 46, 107 McVickar, .lames H., 129 Mead. Abraham. 42 Merrill, F. J. H. : Appointment of. 35, 77 Report of. 313 Mention of. 317, 346 Mcver, Cord. Jr., 21, 22; photograph of, 42 Miles, Captain, 131 Miles, General Nelson A., 131, 161 Miles, Mrs. Nelson A., 161 Miller. Warner, 6 Millet, Frank D.. 5, 98, 379 Mills, Charles, 264 Mills, Colonel. 109 Millspansh. W. H., 244 Milne. William J.. 4.52 Mines and ^lining Building, photograph of, 320 Mines and Mining exhibit: Description of, 76 R -ports on, 813, 319, 829, 831, 338, 342, 356 Cat.ilogues of. 321, 331, 838, 340, 341, 342. 355, 356, 357, 3.58, 359 Awards to, 545 Fhotographs of, 310-340 Minor, >Iiss. 130 Miuturn. Miss Elizabeth T. 33, 157 Mitchell, Dr. J. S., 421, 422 Moore, Jacob, 263 Morse, S. F. B., 459 Morton, Vice-President Levi P.: Reviews Columbian parade, 44 Photograph of. 46 Columbian banquet, 44 Presides over dedication ceremonies, 45 Moulthrop, S. P.. 463 Mower. Z. B., ct Co., 332 ilulli.gan, Charlotte, 171 Xavai parade at Columbian celebration, 43 Xaval Review, New "i'ork, April. 1893, 70 Xevins, Thomas, & Sons, 337 Xewberry, Walter C, 129 Xewbold. Miss, 186 Xewburgh Free Academy, 460, 470 Xewcomb, ilarie Guise, 186 Xew York Building: Dedication of, 45-65 Description of. 92 Banquet hall, description of. 98 Social functions in, 100 Suspension of entertainments, 108 Disposition of, 147 Photographs of, 92, .592 Photographs of interiors, 96-132 Xew York Central Railroad Co., 32, 79, 84; description of exhibit, 90 Xew York dav, 110 New York Florists' Club, 285, 286, 289 New York ililitarv Academy, 459 New York Trade School, 463, 469; photo- graphs of, 580, 584 New York's part in the fair, 73-103 Nichols, Rhoda Holmes, 186 Nightingale, Florence, 167 Normal t'ollese. 469 Normal Schools' exhibit, 461, 469 Norton, John T., 31, 23; photograph of, 50 O'Bail, Solomon, 499, .500, 501 Obelisk, Geological, 840; photoaraph of, 340 O'Connor. Joseph, 131 Old Guard. 131 Olmsted, Frederick Law, 5 Oneonta Xormal School, 461 O'Xeil, George F., 22; photograph of, 62. O'Neil, James, 384 Opening exercises at Chicago, May, 1893, 73 Orange County Agricultural Society, 855 Orleans Countv Agricultural Society, 255 Ostcrhoudt, Julius, 384 Oswego Xormal School, 461, 465 Owens, Dr.. 168 Packer. Mrs. Wm. S., 171 Page. J. Seaver, 17 Palmer, Mrs. ^Uice Freeman, 178 Palmer, Potter, 129 644 [N^EW YoEK AT THE WoELD's CoLUJIBIAX ExPUSITION. Ptilmcr, ilrs. Pottei'. 130, 147, 148, 158. 161, 166, 168, ITO, ITl, 172, 174, 181, 183, 185, 186, 187, 188 Palmer, Tliomas W., 9, 17 Partridge, Jeremiali, 335 Patterson, Emeline, 500 Pattersou, Miss Prances Todd, 33, 157, 159, 190 Pattison, Governor, 130 • Peck, Charles H., 76; report of, 305, 313 Peck, Governor. 130 Pell-Clarke, Mrs. Leslie, 33, 147, 157, 159, 160, 186, 187 Peristjie, photograph of, 148, 344 Perkins, George, 464 Perry, A. D.,-269 Perry, Isaac G.. 149, 315 Perry, ^Y. S., 397 Persbacher Bros., 336 Phalen, Nicholas, 262 Phillips, John, 21 Photo-engravings : Administration Building, 186, 384 Agricultural Building, 302, 424 Agricultural e.\hibit,""222, 226, 243 Aflcn, Gorton AV.. 14. Anthropological Building. 416 Bee and Honey exhibit, 230 Brazilian Government Building, 620 Charities and Corrections' exhibit, 428- 448 Children's Building. 412 Cooking School exhibit, 596 Corning, Mrs. Erastus, 156 Court of Honor, 74, 144 Dairv Building, 312 Dairy exhibit, 234, 238 Depew, Chauncey 31.. 6 Educational exhibit, 453-492, 332-584 Educational exhibit, plr.n of, 456 Eightli Judicial District Commission, 70 Electricity Building, 376 English Government Building, 60S Ferris Wheel, 634 Fifth Judicial District Commission, 58 Fine Arts Building, 380 First Judicial District Commission, 38 Fisheries Building, 348 Fisheries Building, Portal of, 352 Floriculture exhibit, 282, 286, 290, 294 Flower, Gov. Ros'n'ell P., frontispiece Foley, John, 113 Foord, John, 34 Forestry Building, 512 Forestrj' exhibit. 516-528 ■ Fountain " Columbia," 140 Fourth Judicial District Commis- sion. 54 ^ French Pavilion. 616 German Government Building, 612 Government Building, 388 Grand Canal, 82 Health. Board of. exhibit. 440 Horticultural Building. 270 Horticultural Building Dome, 298 Horticulture exhibit, 246-306 Photo-engravings — Continued : Howliind, Louis Meredith, 18 Indian exhibit, 496, 500 Lake George, relief map of. 604 Leather and Shoe Trades Building; 372 Machinerv Building, 360 McNaugliton, Donald, 30 Manufactures Building, 152, 420 Manufactures Building (view from),. 392 Manufactures Building (American section), 86, 88 Main Avenue for State Buildings, 583- Mines and Mining Building, 320 Mines and Mining exhibit, 316-340 Morton, Vice-President Levi P., 46 New York State Building, 92, 592 New York State Building interiors, 96, 100, 104, 108, 116, 130, 124, 128, 132 Peristyle and " Republic," 344 Peristyle, section of, 148 Pomology exhibit, 254, 258, 262, 266, 274 Sage, Mrs. Dean, 160 Scientific exhibit, 504, 508 Seal of Board of General Managers, "6 Seal of Board of Women ^Managers, 26 Second Judicial District Commission, 42 Sessions, Walter L. , 20 Seventh Judicial District Commission, 66 Sixth Judicial District Commission, 62= Soldiers' jMonmnents exhibit, 600 Sweet, Cimrles A., 24 Terminal Building, 356 Thacher, John Boyd. 10 Third Judicial District Commission, 50' Transportation Building, 384 Transportation Building (Golden Door- way), 368 Transportation exhibit, 78 Viticulture exhibit, 246, 350, 278 Wool exhibit, 310 Woman's Building, 218 Women's Board exhibits, 164-216 Workingman's 3Iodel Home, 396 Worklngman's Model Home, plans of, 400-409 Pickering, Prof.. 165 Pierson, M. F.. 233 Pleasant Valley Wine Co., 345, 246 Pomological exhibit ; Description of, 73 Eeport on. 252 Catalogue of, 270 Award's to, 338 Photographs of, 234-374 Porter, Horace, 42; address of, 134 Porter, W., 334 Post, George B.. 5, 459 Potato exhibit, 222; catalogue of, 22S Potsdam Normal School, 461 Potter, E. C, 96 IXDEX. 645 Potter/Miss, 164. 165 Potter, Orlaudo B., 23 Powell, George T. : Appointment, 34, 75 Report of, 2o-2, 255 Pratt, Freaerlck B., 397, 452 Pnitt, Harvey D.. 243 Pratt Institute, 462, 465, 469; photosraph of, 576 Private schools exhibit, 460 Programme of Columbian celebration , 42 Programme of ceremonies of dedication of State Building, 46 Pruvu, Robert C.,"23 Prvbr, ilrs., 172 Putnam, Prof. F. AV., 499 Randall & L nderwood, 336 Ransom, Willard T. , 22; photograph of, 70 Reeves, Mrs. Emma, 500 Regents. Board of. See University State of New York Belief map of Erie canal, description of, 79 ; photograph of, 7!<. Relief map of Lake George, description of, 81; photograph of, 604 Relief map of Sew York, description of, 77; photograph of, 324 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 462, 465, 469; photograph of, 576 Reports : Agriculture, 219 Bee and Honey, 229 Botany, 305 Chaiities and Corrections, 444 Dairy, 232 Education, 451 Finance. 578 Fine Arts, 379 Floriculture, 284 Forestry, 516 Health and Hygiene, 449 JHorticulture, 242 Indian, 495 Live Stock, 309 Klines and Mining, 313; minerals, 319; petroleum, 329; building .stones, 331; road metals, 338; clays, 342; Ume and cements, 356 Pomology, 252 Viticulture, 242 Women ilanagers, 156 "SYorkingmans ilodel Home, 394 Zoology, 503 "Reynolds", John H,, 109 Rice. C. W., 268 Rice, Frank, 111 Richards, Ellen H., 412 Ricketts, P.-ilmer C. 452 Ries, Heinricb, 314, 315, 316, 318; reports of, 338, 342 River vie%v Academy, 4.59 Rochester Athena'um and Mechanics' In- stitute, 462. 469 I Rochester High School. 460 Rochester University, 459, 469 ] Rogers, Howard J.: Assistant director, 80 Appointed to write official report, 152 Rej3ort on educational exhibit, 451 Appointment of, 452 Roosevelt, ^liss Anna, 33, 157, 176, 180, 181, 183, 184, 189 Roosevelt. James, S Root, J. W., 4.59 Rorer, ilrs., 175 Rosendale, Simon "W., Ill Rowe. AVilliam H., Jr., 21; photograph of. 50 Ro3'ce, Mrs. Charles Havens, 171 Runkle, Mrs. Lucia Gilbert, 172 Ryckman, G. E., 243, 245 Sack's. Dr., School, 460 Sage. 3Irs. Dean. 33, 157. 159, 170, 186, 187; photograph of, 160 Salmon, Prof. Lucy M., 173, 394, 443, 452 Sanborn, JohnW.; Appointment of, 35, 83 Report of, 495 Savage, Seward M., 315 Schenck. 3Iartin, 111 Schilling A; Co.. 315 Schurmanu. J. G., 4.52 Scientific exhibit: Location of, 82 Reports on. 313, 503 Photosraphs of, 504, 508 Scofleld,''J. L., 229 Seals of boards, ijhotographs of, 26 Second appropriation, 68 Second Judicial District Commission, 21; photo.graph of. 42 Seibert, Henry, 21; i^hotograph of, 42 Selection of site, Sessions, Walter L.: Submission of report, 3 Appointment of. 20 Photograph of. 20 Member auditing board, 26 Seventh Judicial District Commission, 22; photograph of, 66 Seward, ^A'illiam H., 464 Sewell, W. J., 528 Shaw, Edward R., 459 Shavnc, John T., 129 Shepley. Annie B., 186 Sheppard, George S., 243 Sherwood, Rosina Emmet, 186 Shull, Josiah: Appointment of. 34, 74 Report of, 232 Siebrecht & Wadley, 149 Silverheels, Ananias. SCO Silverheels. ilyron. 500 Simmons. J. Edward. 42 Sixth Judicial District Commission, 22; photosrraph of, 62 Skiff, F^J. v.. 27 Sloan, George B., 21; photograph of, 58 Sloane, W. A- J.. 99 Smalley. B. B.. 524, 528 Smith, Charles S., 17 646 New York at the World's Columbian Exposition. Smitli, E., & Sons. 264 Smith, George T.. 23 Smock, John C, 318,331 SmyUi, C. II., Jr., 317 Snow, George C: Apiiointment of, 33, T6 Keport of, 212 Soltlier.s' !Mounments cxliibit, photographs of, (iOO Somer.s, DmvuI JI., 31 ; photograph of, 42 " Sons of Kew YoSk," reeeptioa and ball, 136, 131 Space: Applications for, 30 Granted New York, 6T St. Francis Xavier, college of, 465 St. Gaudens, Aii^'uslus, 379, 525 St. John, Mrs. IL A., 159, 171 St. John's Jlilitnry School, 459, 465 St. Joseph's Acddcniv, 459 St. Patrick's Academy, 459 Stanton, Edmund C, 21 Stanton, "Walter, 23 Starin, John II., 42 State Agricultural Society. 269 State IMuseum; Receives exhibits, 151 Creates new department, 151 ■ Botanical exhibit, 305 j\lention of, 389, 313, 314, 467, 473, 503 State Librarian. See Pewey, ^lelvil State Library, 457, 464, 473, 473 State Experiment Station, 331. 243, 255. 257, 258, 261, 362, 264, 267, 36S, 305. Stevens, George S. , 31, 109; linancial report by, 578 Stewart, Lispenard, 8 Stieringer, Lulher S., 90 Storied Hollywood, 327 Stowed, Ilenr\-, 22; photograph of, 66 Stranahan, Mrs. J. S. T., 33, 104, 157, 159, 174. 175, 186. Straus, jNIrs. Oscar S., 33. 157 Sub-departments, establishing of, 34 Sulzer, William, 111 Sweeny Bros , 334 Sweet,' t'harles A.: Submission of report, 3 Appointment on Board of General Managers, 20 Photograph of, 2t Tappin, James W., 21, 23; photograph of, 38 Taylor, James M., 452 Teachers College exhibit, 458, 463, 469. 470; photographs of, 564, 568 Teator, AV. S., 503 Terbell & Ridgcway, 335 Terminal Building, photograph of, 356 Thaeher, John Boyd : Submission of report, 3 Appointment as National Commr., 8 Appointment as chairman executive committee on awnrtls, 8 Joint baucjuet given by, 8 Photograph of, 10 Thaeher, John Boyd — CuiitiiiticcI : Speech at Commissioners' banquet, 13 Appointment on Board of General Managers, 20 Member of auditing board, 36 Reasons for changing date of Columbian celebration, 37 Efforts for change of date of Columbian celebration, 38 Workingnian's Model Home, idea of, V'i- Historical exhibit, efforts for, 83 Wampum belt belonging to, 84 Seconds resolution to Donald Mc- Naughtou, lo7 Introduces resolution before National Comntission, 108 Suggests seal for AVomen's Board, 160 Loans autograpljs, 165 Colonial and Loan exhibits, part in, 177, 184, 185 Suggestion of Workingman's Model Home, 394, 395, 443 Efforts for Educational exhibit, 451, 453 On committee on awai'ds, 534 Chairman of I'ommittee on awards, 53$; Letter from. 539 Third Judicial District Commission, 21;. photograph of, 50 Thompson, Mrs. Frederick F., 171 Thompson, Joseph T. , 264 Thursby, Emma, 102 Thurston, Robert IL, 22; photograph of, C2 Tiffany A- Co., 32, 84, 85, 97, 529; descrip- tion of exhibit, 85 Tiffany Chapel, description of, 86 Tiffany Glass and Decorating Co., 32, 84„ 85; description of exhibit, 86 Tiffany, Loius C., 86 Tomes, JIargaret, 166, 178, 188, 189, 190 Tracey, Charles, 7 Tracey, E. D. C, 268 Transportation Building-, photographs of,, 364, 368 Transportation exhibit : Description of, 78 Catalogue of, 364 Awards to, 551 Photon-raph of, 78 Trautnia"^un, Mrs. Ralph, 129, 130, 158, 160,, 166, 177 Tuckev, AVilliam, 184 Tulhill, William B., 80, 379, 381 Ulster Bluestone Co., 334 Underhill. Francis L., 219 University of Chicago, 460, 470 University City of New York exhibit, 459, 465, 469; photograi>h of, 480. University Extension exhibit, 460, 469,, 473 LTniversity State of New York : Acknowledgment of exhibits, 151 Exhibit of, 456, 457, 465, 467 Jlention of, 305, 313, 453 Diplomas to, 470 Photographs of, 476, 488 Index. e-ir Urbana Wine C'd., i46 Vail, Prof. A. S., 459 Vauilcrbilt, Coruelius, 43 Vau liigou, D.. 318, 329 Vanuxem, L., 317 Vassal- Culk-ge exhibit, 459, 469; photo- graph of, 484 Veragun, Duke of, 73 Viticulture exhibit ; Du.seription, 7,'5 Keiioi't on. 343 Catalogue of, 348 Awards to, 538 Pholosraplis of. 34(i-378. Voit, Prof., 413 Vote for exposition site, 8 Waddinirton, Mrs. George, 33, 157 Wadsworth, Mrs. Charles F.,33, 157, 159, 104. 16.5. 1.85, l.SS, 189, 190 AVaguer Palace Car Co., 33 Wahle, Charles G. F., Jr., 41 Wuite, Governor, 130 Walcott, C. D., 318 Walton, John, .503 Ward, Henry L., 77 Ward, J. Q. A., 80, 379 Ward's Natural Science Establishment, 77, 84; description of exhibit, 91 Warner, Olin L., 379 Washiu!;ton, General, 499 Webb, Mrs. H. AValter. 33, 157, 1(54, 165, 166, 178, 186 ^'ebb. ^Irs. James Watson, 165 Weed, Ella, 453 Weed, George S., 31; photograph of, 54 Weil's, Mrs. Leopold, school, 460 Wellcome, Henry S.. 187 Western Xeiv York day. 109 Western New York Horticultural Society, 355, 356 Westinffhouse, Church. Kerr & Co., 84 West P^oint cadets, 109 Wheeler, Mrs. Candaee. 34, 157, 160, 170, 17.8, 179 White, Jlrs. Andrew D., 33, 157, 1.59, 164, 173 Wliite, Howard G., 164 Wlnte, ilrs. Howard G., 33, 157, 1.59, 163, 164 White, R. D., 31.5, 318 White, Stanford, 379 White, T. G.. 317 Whitney, Annie, 187 Whitney, Thomas J., 31; photograpli of, 54 Wihl. Alfred. .5(13 Williams, A. B.. 366 Williams, Chief, .500 Williams, John, 97, 99 Wines, 344 Woman'-s Building, photograph of, 318 Women ^Managers, Board of: Appointment of, 33 Exhibits in Woman's Building, 84 Offices of, 98 Receptions of, 103 Reception to Goy. Flower, 104 Presence on New Y'ork day, HI Sale of articles, 148 Report of, 156 Rules and by-laws, 157 Seal of board, 160; photograph of, 26 Execiitiye committee, 163 New Y'ork local conimiltcc, 165 Committee on pliihmtliroiiy, 166 Library committee, 170 Committee on literature. 170 Committee on education, 173 Cooking school exhibit, 174 Afro-Amerieau exhibit, 176 Committee on colonial exhibit, 177 Applied arts cummittec, 178 Committee on manufactures, 180 Committee on statistics, 181 Costumed doll exhibit, 183 Committee on music, 183 Committee on laces, 185 Committee on line arts, 186 Knitting mills exhibit, 187 Installation and closing of exhibits, 188 Catalogue of exhibits, 193 Photographs of exhibits, 164-316 Wood, James; Appointment of, 34 Director, 73, 76 Reports of, 319, 309 Woodhull, John F., 463 AVoodward, A. H., 335 Wool exliibit, 74, 221; photograph of, 310 Workingman's Model Home: Description of, 81 Report on, 394 Photograph of, 396 Plans of, 400-409 Workingman's School, 460 World's Columbian Exposition, 5 Sketch of, 634 Grounds of, 634 World's Columbian Exposition bill (Stale), text of, 18 World's Columbian Commission, 108 World's Fair bill (National) signed, 8 World's Fair bill (State), text of. See World's Columbian Expo.sition bill Wortliintrton, Henry R., 84, 529 Wright, B. II.. 318' Wriirlit, Carroll D., 396, 407, 413, 424 Wright, S. H., .503 Y'oumaus, Wm., 337 Y'oung, BickniU. 103 Zoological exliibit, report and catalogue, 503 ^