Class 
 
 Book T 3 j 
 

A BOOK FOR EVERY FAMILY: 
 
 THE SCIENCE OF MEDICINE MADE KNOWN IN A PLAIN, COMPREHENSIVE 
 AND PRACTICAL MANNER. 
 
 THE 
 
 GUIDE TO HEALTH 
 
 AND 
 
 MARRIED WOMAN'S COMPANION: 
 
 A PLAIN, PRACTICAL AND COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE UPON THE 
 
 PRACTICE OF MEDICINE: 
 
 IN THE TREATMENT OF THE MOST COMMON FORMS OF DISEASE TO WHICH 
 THE HUMAN FAMILY IS SUBJECT, WITH A CONCISE DIRECTION FOR 
 THE PREPARATION AND USE OF A NUMEROUS COLLEC- 
 TION OF THE VEGETABLES MADE USE OF, 
 AND DIRECTIONS FOR PREPARING AND ADMINISTERING THEM TO CURE 
 DISEASES, AND AN APPENDIX DEVOTED TO THE TREAT- 
 MENT OF DISEASES IN HORSES. 
 
 BY DR. H. TETER 
 
 C OLUMBUS, OHIO : 
 
 OSGOOD & PEAKCE, PRINTERS 
 
 1860. 
 

 Entered according to act of Congress, in the year, A. D., 1860, 
 
 BY DR. HENRY TETER, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
 Southern District of Ohio. 
 
PREFACE 
 
 At the earnest request of many of my friends, among 
 them some Physicians, I now bring before the public 
 the method of practice which, for many years, I have so 
 successfully followed in the treatment and cure of a 
 large class of diseases, which have so often baffled the 
 skill and research of the Medical Profession. 
 
 Among the most prominent of these maladies, may 
 be mentioned the following: Cancer, White Swelling, 
 King's Evil, Salt Rheum, Rheumatism, Scrofulous Affec- 
 tions of every description, all Rheumatic Affections, 
 Erysipelas, Piles, Sore Eyes, Sore Throat, Burns or 
 Scalds, Gravel, Itch, Ulcers of all kinds, Bronchitis, 
 Asthma, Coughs, and all affections of the Lungs and 
 Breast, Flux, Dysentery, Dyspepsia, Yellow Jaundice, 
 Cholera Morbus, Cramps, Colics, Frost Bites, Corns, 
 "Warts, Fistula, Felons, all forms of Venereal Disease, 
 every description of Flesh Wounds, Bruises, Sprains, 
 Fever and Ague, all kinds of Debility, &c, &c. 
 
 Besides the diseases above enumerated, I give the 
 symptoms and treatment of almost all diseases to which 
 the human system is subject, in every climate and lati- 
 tude, as far as practicable for a work to be within the 
 reach of every person. This work also contains a valu- 
 able department designed for married women, explain- 
 ing all their different situations through life, and showing 
 how to raise their daughters, so as they may be healthy 
 
IV PREFACE. 
 
 women, and useful to themselves and their friends. 
 My object is to give satisfaction to those in every de- 
 partment and situation in life. 
 
 I have also published full and plain directions for the 
 preparation of my celebrated remedies, which have at- 
 tracted so much attention wherever they have been in- 
 troduced. Among these will be found my Celebrated 
 Healing and Strengthening Plaster, all my Purifying 
 Syrups, my Alterative or Tonic Syrups, my Healing 
 Salves, Medical Wines, &c, &c, which have cost me 
 many years of labor, study and expense, to bring to their 
 present perfection. These preparations have been highly 
 prized by all who have used them, and I am not want- 
 ing in testimonials showing their wonderful curative 
 powers. 
 
 In an Appendix which is attached to this work, I have 
 given directions for the treatment and cure of various 
 diseases to which horses are sbuject, such as King Bone, 
 Greasy Heel, Scratches, Distemper, Poll Evil, Fistula, 
 Botts, Colic, &c. This department will be of incalcu- 
 lable advantage to farmers, drovers, teamsters, farriers, 
 and all others owning or working with horses. 
 
 In the publication of this work, it has been my object 
 to lay before the reader, in a clear, plain, and concise 
 manner, my method of the Practice of Medicine. Its 
 pages are not cumbered with windy attempts at scholastic 
 display, or pedantic show ; for in all things I have aimed 
 to adapt my language to the comprehension of the 
 masses. I do not propose to attack or destroy any par- 
 ticular system or theory, but simply to collate and render 
 intelligible, from all systems, that which I believe to be 
 beneficial and correct. The information which I here 
 lay before the public, is eminently practical, and will 
 
PREFACE. V 
 
 enable any person to understand the nature of the 
 disease, and direct them how to apply the remedies. 
 There is no one too well informed of his own physical 
 organization, and every intelligent mind will at once con- 
 cede the importance of fully understanding the human 
 system, that the first advance of disease may be detected, 
 or arrested. It is unnecessary to enter into a lengthy 
 dissertation upon the utility of such a work. Every one 
 will see at a glance that it cannot fail of being of incal- 
 culable value to every family. Every person will admit 
 that such a work has long been needed, and it requires 
 no argument to show the advantage of having within 
 reach a work describing, in plain English, the nature of 
 all classes of disease, and pointing out, in equally plain 
 terms, the appropriate remedies. 
 
 It is for this purpose that the author has prepared his 
 work. The commencement of a disease is the time to 
 check its progress and successfully eradicate it from the 
 system ; and it is a matter of paramount importance to 
 every one, that diseases of all kinds should be nipped in 
 the bud. A work of this kind will obviate the necessity 
 of calling a physician at every slight attack of disease, 
 and in this manner save to the patient, in " doctor's 
 bills,'' many times the cost of the book. It will also be 
 of great benefit to those whose diseases are of such a 
 nature as to render it very unpleasant to make them 
 known ; and while a great many persons will be enabled 
 to cure themselves, it will at once show them when their 
 case is critical, that they may lose no time in calling 
 medical or surgical aid. The author hopes, by the pub- 
 lication of this work, to prevent much useless suffering, 
 and may be, save many lives. 
 
 For, how changeable is the lot of mortal man ! liable 
 
VI PREFACE. 
 
 to be thrown into suffering by accident, or by disease ; 
 and no situation or circumstance of life exempt any one 
 from the common lot. 
 
 Physicians and surgeons cannot be always present in 
 every place, nor can they alone do every thing that should 
 be done for those to whom they are called. The suf- 
 ferer must depend much on the nurses and attendants 
 for almost every thing which is done ; for the afflicted 
 are influenced by the notions or prejudices of the atten- 
 dants. How important is it, then, that the means of in- 
 formation in relation to the healing art be extended to 
 every one who may suffer, or watch the sufferer. But 
 there are cases also where medical aid cannot always be 
 obtained, and shall the sufferer be left without relief? In 
 the following work I have attempted, in the plainest 
 language, to inform the reader what he should do when 
 he is a witness to pain and sickness, and no one present 
 better informed than himself. 
 
 The reader will find, in the pursuit of this object, I 
 have spared no pains to give plain satisfaction on every 
 point, so that this work may prove useful to every one in 
 whose hands it may fall. 
 
 In the pursuit of this object, I have made a free use 
 of any and every author whose work I had in my pos- 
 session. As a matter of course, I have had to condense 
 much of it ? to give room for it in this work. In all of 
 my collections, I have studiously avoided the use of any but 
 such as met my approbation. It is true, that some se- 
 lections I have inserted, would seem to be copied verbatim 
 from Dr. Beach. This I had to do, or worse, throw 
 away my own views — which latter I chose to decline 
 doing. Those portions copied from Dr. Beach, was done 
 for the reason that they exactly coincided with my own 
 
PREFACE. Vll 
 
 views. In this connection, I would say to my readers, 
 that desire more information than I have given in this 
 work, for want of space, I would advise them to pur- 
 chase a copy of Dr. Wooster Beach. It would be 
 money well spent ; for it is a good work and a safe one 
 to follow. I can conscientiously recommend it to the 
 public. 
 
 In the Surgical part of this work, I have endeavored 
 to set forth what any and every one may do, can and 
 should do, in many cases; for remember, that immediate 
 and effectual assistance may be given in many cases, 
 where people are now idle spectators; and how often 
 might departing life be stayed till the proper assistance 
 arrives, and a great deal of suffering avoided ! What I 
 have said of the preparation of roots, and herbs, and 
 botanic remedies, may generally be relied on. I have 
 taken great pains in the collection, as I have used many 
 of them, and those I have not used I have selected with 
 great care ; and the collection is, I think, sufficient to 
 answer every purpose in common hands. The part 
 which contains recipes for the various compounds, for 
 some near four hundred varieties, will be found very con- 
 venient and useful. I do not wish to be understood that 
 I have intended in this work to lower the physician in his 
 profession, or in the estimation of the people. Far oth- 
 erwise ; I intend to try to enable the people to appre- 
 ciate the physician according to his true worth, and to 
 look at science in its true light. 
 
 On the whole, the author natters himself that the 
 " G-uide to Health and Married "Woman's Companion. " 
 will prove highly useful to the poor and afflicted, and if 
 it does the good it is intended, your author will be amply 
 rewarded for his labor. 
 
Vlll PREFACE. 
 
 Too often have I witnessed the most grievous sufferings 
 of the sick, for the want of suitable nourishment. E"ow, 
 I feel it my duty to call the attention of those in affluent 
 circumstances throughout our numerous cities and exten- 
 sive country, to the fact that they should extend the arm 
 of charity to the indigent sick in their respective neigh- 
 borhoods. While they are feasting in their own houses , 
 let them listen to the voice of humanity, and not forget 
 the " house of mourning," where the lone widow and her 
 orphan pine in sick and starving solitude. 
 
 It is not easy to estimate the good that may be done 
 to suffering humanity, by beneficent acts of this kind ; 
 and God will always reward you double fold for your 
 kindness. 
 
 If we would all try to see how much good we could do, 
 how much happier we all would be ! 
 
 McConnelsville, 0. H. T. 
 
TESTIMONIALS 
 
 The following recommendations are given from a num- 
 ber which I have received from the best citizens of the 
 county where I have resided for the last 39 years : 
 
 The undersigned, citizens of Morgan county, Ohio, 
 and neighbors of Dr. H. Teter, take great pleasure in 
 recommending to the favorable consideration of the pub- 
 lic at large, his proposition for publishing his Theory and 
 Practice of Medicine. Knowing, as we do, the virtues 
 of the medicines which have been used by him for a 
 great number of years, and which have won for him 
 such an enviable reputation as a successful practitioner 
 of the Healing Art, we have no hesitation in recom- 
 mending him to the patronage of the public. 
 
 JAMES B. McGREW, GEO. P. MORRIS, 
 
 HERBERT JOHNTSON", B. W. CONKLUvT, 
 
 DAVID DICKERSON, JOH]tf HAMILTON", 
 
 CYRUS P. FISHER, THOMAS DAYIS, 
 
 D. HOLEBROOK, FRAN"K DURNELL, 
 
 FRANCIS BARTONT, ABNER THOMAS 
 HARYEY HESKETT, JOHNT PORTER, 
 GEO. POWELL, JAMES BURNS, 
 
 JOSEPH LASHLEY. 
 
 Malta, 0., Feb. 18, 1853. 
 Dr. H. Teter, — Dear Sir : I take pleasure in writing 
 you this letter, to let you know the effect of your modi- 
 
10 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 cines in the case of my daughter. She had heen ailing 
 for four years when she commenced your treatment, and 
 had been under the management of three different physi- 
 cians during the time, without receiving the slightest 
 benefit. I am happy to say, that at this time she is in 
 the enjoyment of perfect health, which I attribute to 
 your valuable medicines. 
 
 Yours, truly, HUGH LOCKARD. 
 
 Morgan Co., O., March, 23, 1857. 
 
 Dr. H. Teter, — Dear Sir : I am much gratified to hear 
 that you have at last consented to publish your recipes 
 for the preparation of the valuable medicine used by 
 you in your practice. You could not confer a greater 
 favor upon the public. I cannot find language to ex- 
 press my gratitude to you for the benefit which I received 
 from your hands. You will remember, that at the time 
 I placed myself under your care, I had been bed-ridden 
 for three months, one side of my body paralyzed, my 
 limbs stiff and helpless, my bowels deranged by a chronic 
 diarrhoea, and my pains almost past enduring. After 
 trying three physicians without receiving any benefit, I 
 called upon you, and by your skill and the extraordinary 
 power of your medicines, in six weeks I was able to 
 walk, and I soon got entirely well, and have been well 
 ever since, which is now more than four years. 
 
 Enclosed please find five dollars, for which you will 
 please send rne a copy of your work, which I shall es- 
 teem as one of the most valuable books in my library. 
 Yours, respectfully, CHARLES DAYIS. 
 
 The undersigned hereby certify, that during the year, 
 A. D., 1853, we were Directors and Managers of the In- 
 
TESTIMONIALS. 11 
 
 firmary of Morgan County, Ohio, and that while we were 
 in said office, we received into the Infirmary one William 
 Davis, as a pauper, who was afflicted with cancer in the' 
 most loathsome and horrible form. His nose was en- 
 tirely eaten away, almost to the eyes ; the front part of 
 the upper jaw and teeth were all gone. The upper lip 
 was eaten back to the full thickness of each cheek, and 
 one corner of his mouth and a part of his lower lip were 
 eaten away. The entire inside of his mouth seemed to 
 be affected, and all that was left of his face appeared to 
 be inflamed, and much affected. His appearance was so 
 horrible and disgusting that travelers objected to his 
 being on the public highway, and the regular attending 
 physician of the Infirmary pronounced his case hopeless. 
 
 Dr. H. Tetee applied for permission to treat the case, 
 in order to test the superiority of his practice and reme- 
 dies, and to our great surprise was so successful, that in 
 the short space of three months Davis was so far cured 
 as to be able to leave the Infirmary, and sustain himself 
 by his own labor, and when a permanent cure was af- 
 fected, looked as well as could be expected from any one 
 who had passed through such a terrible ordeal. 
 LEWIS BALDING, ) 
 SAMUEL MELLOR, Klnfir. Directors. 
 WM. THOMPSON. J 
 
 March 23, 1859. 
 
 Windsor, 0., January 1, 1855. 
 Dr. H. Teter, — Dear Sir : It gives me much pleasure 
 to inform you, that your Liniment and Salve have ef- 
 fected a cure on my son's leg. It is now as well as it 
 ever was. You know what condition it was in when 
 you commenced treating it. It had been affected with 
 
12 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 rheumatism for two or three years, and I thought he 
 would be crippled for life, as his knee had become stiff. 
 'The application of one box of your Salve, and two 40 
 cent bottles of your Liniment, has cured his leg, and he 
 is now able to use it as freely as before it was affected. 
 You can see him at any time. Keep your Liniment 
 moving; it is really a great medicine. 
 
 Yours, &c, J. C. KEAK 
 
 M'Connelsville, 0., March 29, 1859. 
 Dr. H. Teter, — Dear Sir : I deem it a duty I owe to 
 you, and not to you only, but to mankind in general, 
 particularly to those laboring under the disadvantages 
 of disease, to state that for years I was affected with 
 Paralysis, which, at periods, was so severe as to threaten 
 my life. I have applied to some of the most prominent 
 physicians in the country, and tried some of the most 
 popular remedies that I could hear or read of, but found 
 no relief until I tried your medicines; they were greatly 
 instrumental in effecting a cure, as I am now quite 
 healthy and perfectly recovered. I would therefore re- 
 commend your medicines to the public, and from my 
 own personal knowledge they have no rival, and form a 
 certain remedy, invaluable and unapproached. 
 Yours, with due respect, 
 
 SAMUEL KESTTFIELD. 
 
 Roxburt, Morgan Co., 0., March 23, 1859. 
 
 Dr. H. Teter, — Dear Sir: I am glad to hear that you 
 intend publishing your book, the Guide to Health. The 
 virtue of your medicines in curing disease is unparal- 
 leled, and of their great excellence I can bear testimony. 
 
 My father, in his 72d year, was severely afflicted with 
 
TESTIMONIALS. 13 
 
 Dropsy in the Chest. His body and limbs were so much 
 swollen that the skin was drawn tight, and was of a purple 
 color, his eyes almost closed, and he was nearly suffocated 
 from the effects of the disease. In this distressing con- 
 dition, and after he had been given up by his attending 
 physician and friends, you commenced the treatment of 
 his case. His and our only hope then was that he might 
 obtain partial relief from his intense sufferings, but to 
 the surprise of all, in a short time he was restored to 
 health ; and in a little over two months after you began 
 to treat his case, he went by land with a team to Iowa, 
 some 500 miles. After his arrival there he wrote us 
 that he felt better than he had been for ten years previous. 
 He is now in his grave, but his death was not caused 
 by dropsy. If living, he would be gratified to hear that 
 you are about placing before the public the knowledge 
 of your valuable medicines. He always said that he was 
 indebted to you and your medicines for being so unex- 
 pectedly relieved from his sufferings. 
 
 I remain yours, OSCAR SMITH. 
 
 Keokuk, Iowa, June 21, 1859. 
 
 Dr. H. Teter, — Dear Sir : I am glad to learn that you 
 are preparing to give to the public a book, the Guide to 
 Health. You will please add to it the recipe for making 
 the Eye Water you sent to me for my child. 
 
 She had been blind for two years and six months. After 
 trying every remedy that could be thought of, and having 
 had the aid of the most skillful physicians, who all pro- 
 nounced her incurable, I then thought I would write to 
 you and see if you could give her any relief; and to 
 my great satisfaction your medicine has so far removed 
 the film that entirely covered the eyes, that it does not 
 
14 TESTIMONIALS. 
 
 now cover more than half the blue (the iris around the 
 pupil). I believe your medicine will cure her eyes if at- 
 tended to as prescribed. 
 
 I also subscribe for two copies of your book, the Guide 
 to Health. I remain yours, JAMES CELES. 
 
 Dr. H. Teter, — Dear Sir: Deeming it a duty I owe to 
 you and to all who may be similarly afflicted, I desire to 
 state that I was afflicted with a scrofulous cancer in the 
 nose, and after trying various physicians and patent med- 
 icines, and also a cancer doctor, and being tortured by 
 the severity of the medicines for about three months, 
 and my nose being eat entirely off, I had given up all 
 hopes of relief; but hearing of your cure of ¥m. Davis, 
 at the County Infirmary, I was induced to call on you to 
 try my case ; and I now take great pleasure in saying, 
 that under your treatment I soon began to improve, and 
 in about two months my nose was healed, and ever since 
 remains so, now about six years. The remedies you em- 
 ployed are mild and pleasant, especially as compared 
 with those I had formerly taken. 
 
 ELIZABETH COBURN". 
 
 July 26, 1860. 
 
 The recipes for making all my Eye Salves and Eye 
 Water, are given in the book. DR. H. TETER. 
 
AS OBJECTION 
 
 TO A GENERAL COURSE OF MEDICINE. 
 
 It is a common practice for physicians of different 
 schools to administer what is usually called a regular 
 course of medicine. While one class most generally adopt 
 the mineral treatment, another will depend entirely upon 
 the steaming and puking process. The latter, however, 
 is not to be regarded as an evil, and are great remedies 
 when carried only to a proper length, for it frequently 
 happens that both steaming and puking are the most 
 efficient remedies in various diseases. 
 
 For my own part, I greatly object to laying down any 
 regular course of medicine. Climates and constitutions 
 make a vast difference, and what is suitable in one might 
 prove injurious in another. Change in treatment is as 
 necessary, therefore, as treatment itself. 
 
 My advice, then, is to be very cautious in administer- 
 ing your remedies ; they may do for one, but will not 
 suit for another. 
 
 There is evidently too much regularity used in the ob- 
 servance of prescription and practice. ? Tis always better 
 to give too little than too much medicine. Look to nature 
 more. She performs all her works well. When she is 
 deranged or led astray, watch for the weak point, and en- 
 deavor to aid rather than force her. This "regular 
 course," as generally adopted, is nothing more nor less 
 than a humbug — a following after a rule in which there 
 is no reason to lead or policy to follow. 
 
PAET I. 
 
 MEANS OF PREVENTING DISEASE AND PROMOTING HEALTH 
 AND LONGEVITY. 
 
 In the commencement of this work I am desirous of 
 calling the attention of the reader, and particularly of 
 the invalid, to the best means of preventing disease, as 
 well as of recovering health, when lost or impaired; and 
 in doing this, I cannot do better justice to the subject 
 than quote the language of Dr. Beach : "And I wish to 
 impress upon their minds that this consists, principally, 
 in a well regulated diet and regimen. It is very natural, 
 and very customary, for us to indulge our propensities 
 and appetites until some derangement of our digestive 
 functions is the consequence ; and then, instead of avoid- 
 ing the exciting cause of the evil, we resort to medicine 
 for a remedy, which, at best, is a poor substitute. I have 
 heard of a person subject to dyspepsia, who was so fond 
 of indulging his appetite, that he would have a good 
 dinner, and after eating it, he was in the habit of running 
 his finger down his throat and vomiting it up. This 
 excess, in a greater or less degree, is indulged in by 
 thousands ; and they would rather suffer the penalty of 
 gluttony, than to practice abstinence and temperance. 
 They will eat and drink whatever their appetites crave ; 
 become diseased ; then torture their stomach with drugs 
 or nostrums, till their lives are rendered wretched indeed. 
 I wish to see a reform in this respect, as well as in the 
 
MEANS OF PREVENTING DISEASE. 17 
 
 habitual use of ardent spirits ; as the one is almost as 
 destructive to health as the other. 
 
 Says Dr. Mott, in one of his lectures : " All who have 
 abused their stomachs, will surely be brought to an ac- 
 count for it, sooner or later. I am not sure," says he, 
 "but more disease and suffering result from intemper- 
 ance in eating, than intemperance in drinking. Hence 
 there is as much need of a temperance eating, as 
 a temperance drinking society. From whatever cause 
 the digestive organs become deranged, the system will 
 exhibit disease in some form or other," although it may 
 be years before the disease develops or shows itself. 
 
 " Happy would it often be," says a writer, " for suffer- 
 ing man, could he see beforehand the punishment which 
 his repeated departure from the laws of physiology or 
 nature is sure to bring on him. But, as in a great ma- 
 jority of instances, the breach of the law is limited in 
 extent, and becomes serious by the frequency of its rep- 
 etition, rather than by a single act; so is the punishment 
 gradual in its infliction, and slow in manifesting its ac- 
 cumulated effect; and this very graduation, and the dis- 
 tance of time at which the full effect is produced, are the 
 reasons why man, in his ignorance, so often fails to trace 
 the connection between his conduct in life and his broken 
 health. 
 
 " To the intemperate in eating and drinking, the day 
 of reckoning is merely delayed ; and there is habitually 
 present a state of repletion which clogs the bodily func- 
 tions, and may lead to sudden death by some acute disease 
 when the individual is apparently in the highest health." 
 
 How many instances might be mentioned to prove 
 this fact, says the writer. A person who resides the 
 
 next door to me, is now very low from the same causes. 
 
 2 
 
18 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 He had been a butcher by trade, had lived very high, 
 and taken very little exercise, which caused great ple- 
 thora. He was suddenly attacked with a severe disease, 
 and for some days his life was despaired of. I antici- 
 pated a similar result from his diet and mode of living. 
 Ad other acquaintance of mine was lately brought to the 
 same condition by indulgence in eating and drinking. 
 One day he commenced walking in his garden, and, on 
 stooping, the blood rushed to the head, occasioning fatal 
 apoplexy. How frequently do we hear of similar cases. 
 Another case occurs to me. A person asked my advice, 
 some time ago, in relation to symptoms arising from im- 
 pure regimen. I prescribed suitable diet, &c. After- 
 ward, he informed me that he began to follow my direc- 
 tions, but his wife dissuaded him from it. She prepared 
 so many good things for him to eat, that he could not 
 abstain from them. He continued to violate the laws of 
 nature, till he was seized with a fit of palsy or apoplexy, 
 which renders his recovery doubtful. Volumes might be 
 filled with similar cases. 
 
 Says a late writer, " Is it not better, by a rational ex- 
 ercise of judgment, to preserve health when we 
 have it, than first to lose it, then pay the penalty in suf- 
 fering and danger, as an indispensable preliminary to its 
 subsequent restoration ?" It is known that as soon as a 
 person applies to a judicious physician for advice, he is 
 put under a proper course of regimen to restore him to 
 health. Now it must be evident that the same course 
 which is calculated to regain health, is likewise calculated 
 to prevent disease. To accomplish an object so desirable 
 and important as to prevent disease and preserve health, 
 I have laid down rules, in the following pages, founded 
 upon the laws of physiology, and which, if strictly ad- 
 
MEANS OF PREVENTING DISEASE. 19 
 
 hered to, will be the means, not only of the recovery, but 
 likewise of the preservation of health, and often without 
 the use of medicines. 
 
 " I have seen, " says Graham, " hundreds of miserable 
 dyspeptics, who had suffered almost everything for years, 
 scores of those apparetly consumptive, many afflicted for 
 years with fits and spasmodic affections, or asthma, or 
 sick headache, in short, I have seen nearly every form of 
 chronic disease, after resisting almost every kind of med- 
 ical treatment for months and years, yield in a very 
 short time to a correct diet, and a well regulated gene- 
 ral regimen. 
 
 " It is not easily to be credited," says Cheyne, " what 
 wonderful effects, even in the most desperate and uni- 
 versally-condemned-to-death diseases, I have seen pro- 
 duced by an exclusively milk and grain diet ; and even 
 these, the thinnest and least in quantity, the person could 
 be tolerably easy under from the pain of hunger, and 
 continue for one, two or more years. Epilepsy totally 
 cured; universal lepers made clean; stone and gravel 
 laid quiet; cancer healed or palliated; ulcerated lungs 
 made sound ; and schivrous livers made pervious ; and 
 all accomplished by a total, obstinate, and continued milk 
 and grain or coarse flour diet. I firmly believe, and am 
 as much convinced as I am of any natural effect, that 
 water drinking only, with a diet of milk, grain, and 
 fruit, duly continued and prudently managed, with proper 
 evacuations, air and exercise, are the most infallible anti- 
 dotes for all obstinate diseases of body and mind." 
 
20 GUIDE TO HEALTH, 
 
 As perfect health is the greatest earthly blessing we 
 can enjoy, without which all other blessings are of little 
 consequence, I deem it of the first importance to point 
 out the means of promoting it, by paying proper atten- 
 tion to which, persons who are born with, and enjoy 
 a good constitution, will attain a healthful and long life, 
 and even those who are delicate and tender will arrive 
 at an advanced age. These means hold forth the doc- 
 trine, that regularity and temperance in all things are 
 highly conducive to health and happiness ; and, on the 
 contrary, that irregularity and intemperance bring their 
 votaries to an untimely grave. 
 
 When the various functions of the body are performed 
 with ease, and suffer no interruption, the body is said to 
 be in health ; in a contrary case, it is said to be diseased. 
 Considering the many dangers to which man is exposed, 
 it is surprising that he should remain in health so long ; 
 and our astonishment increases when we reflect how often 
 he escapes the dangers prepared by his own hand. JBut 
 parental nature frequently repairs the injury in a manner 
 unknown to us. To sit down supinely, with a notion 
 that if the Majesty of Heaven wills us to die, we certain- 
 ly shall, in the use of means to prolong life ; and if He 
 wills to the contrary, we shall live in the neglect of those 
 means, is a conduct unscriptural and absurd. 
 
 Disease may be considered the consequence of the 
 moral, or rather immoral conduct of man, in deviating 
 from a line prescribed by his Maker. 
 
 The powers of life may be compared to the oil in a 
 lamp : in time they will be exhausted ; they may be 
 
21 
 
 supported or diminished ; when exhausted, death inva- 
 riably closes the drama. Death from mere old age may 
 be compared to the extinction of the light when the oil 
 is all consumed ; and death from disease, to the blowing 
 out of the light when the oil is not all consumed, and 
 might have burned longer. There are laws in nature by 
 which man may arrive at maturity, at the summit of 
 health and vigor ; and there are laws by which his pow- 
 ers of life are lessened and finally exhausted. These are 
 the " bounds which he cannot pass." 
 
 In order to extend the common term of life, man must 
 be persuaded to return to that primeval state of nature, 
 from which history furnishes almost incredible instances 
 of longevity. The antideluvians enjoyed an uninter- 
 rupted state of health ; their manner of living, and veg- 
 etable diet, were simple and not injurious. They had 
 little need to attend to their health, as the seeds of dis- 
 ease were little scattered in such a state. We have de- 
 parted from the simple mode of life which prevailed in 
 the primitive ages. We have acquired our improved 
 state of mental culture, by sacrificing to it much of our 
 bodily welfare. We are less accustomed to consult what 
 nature requires, with respect to diet, mode of life, cloth- 
 ing, &c, than to follow fashions, customs, and our own 
 disordered inclinations. The desire of long life is in- 
 herent in all human nature ; and the possibility of pro- 
 longing it was never doubted by the Orientals. The 
 most important circumstances which favor the attain- 
 ment of long life, are Temperance, Abstinence and Diet. 
 
 " Temperance is a kind of regimen," says Dr. Thomas 
 "under which every man may put himself without inter- 
 ruption to business, expense of money, or loss of time : 
 and may be practiced by all ranks and conditions, at any 
 
22 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 season or in any place. If exercise assists in throwing 
 off superfluities from the body, temperance prevents 
 them; if exercise clears the vessels, temperance nei- 
 ther satiates nor overstrains them ; if exercise pro- 
 motes a free circulation of the blood, temperance 
 gives nature full play, and enables her to exert 
 herself in all her force. Cheerfulness of temper and 
 vigor of body are the usual results of temperance. On 
 the contrary, depression of spirits, a shattered constitu- 
 tion, disease, and often poverty, are the consequences of 
 a continued course of intemperance." 
 
 It is much easier to preserve health than to recover it 
 when impaired, and to prevent diseases than to cure them. 
 Toward the first, the means are generally within our 
 own power, little else being required than strict temper- 
 ance in all things ; but, toward the latter, the means are 
 uncertain and perplexed, and for the knowledge of them 
 the greatest portion of mankind must apply to others, of 
 whose skill and judgment they are in a great measure 
 ignorant. 
 
 The man who wishes to live long, and be healthy, must 
 submit to live regularly and be temperate in his habits, 
 since he cannot otherwise expect to enjoy the fruits of such 
 a life, nor be agreeable to himself, or useful, in all prob- 
 ability, to his friends ; neither can he relish the bounties 
 of Divine Providence, nor acquit himself of his duties 
 to God. Some inconsiderate and sensual persons affirm, 
 indeed, that a long life is no blessing, and that the state 
 of a man who has passed his seventy-fifth year cannot 
 be called life, but death; but we daily see, in our public 
 papers, instances recorded of persons having attained the 
 age of ninety or a hundred, enjoying most of their fac- 
 ulties ; and whoever will read the tract of Sir Thomas 
 
23 
 
 Barnard on the comforts of old age, as also the life of 
 Lewis Carnaro, the Venetian, will perceive that this is a 
 mistaken notion. At the age of one hundred years he 
 was, by temperance in all his pursuits and indulgences, 
 and particularly in his diet, capable of mounting his 
 horse without any assistance, or advantage of situation, 
 and not only ascend a flight of stairs with ease, but climb 
 up a hill on foot with the greatest ease ; moreover he was 
 gay, pleasant, and good humored ; free from perturba- 
 tion of mind and every disagreeable thought. He did 
 not find life burdensome, but, on the contrary, spent 
 every hour, we are informed by him, with the greatest 
 delight and pleasure ; sometimes in conversing with men 
 of his acquaintance, valuable for their good sense, 
 manners and letters ; sometimes in reading the works of 
 favorite authors, and occasionally in writing. He was 
 extraordinarily sober, and dieted himself with so much 
 wisdom and precaution, that, finding his natural heat 
 decaying by degrees in his old age, he also diminished 
 his diet by degrees, so far as to stint himself to a very 
 trifling meal indeed. By this means he preserved his 
 health, and was also vigorous to the age of a hundred 
 years ; his mind did not decay ; he never required the 
 assistance of spectacles ; neither did he lose his hearing ; 
 and that which is no less true than difficult to believe, 
 is, that he preserved his voice so clear and harmonious, 
 that at the end of his life he sung with as much strength 
 and delight as he did at the age of twenty-five years. 
 
 " 0, Temperance ! " says Sir William Temple, " thou 
 physician of the soul as well as the body, the guardian 
 of youth and support of old age, the tutelar goddess of 
 health and universal medicine of life, that clears the 
 head and cleanses the blood, that eases the stomach and 
 
24 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 purges the bowels, that strengthens the nerves, enlight- 
 ens the eyes, and comforts the heart ; in a word, that 
 secures and perfects digestion, and thereby avoids the 
 fumes and winds to which we owe the colic and spleen, 
 those crudities and sharp humors that feed the scurvy 
 and gout, and those slimy dregs an dhumors of which 
 the gravel and stone are formed within us ; diseases to 
 which mankind are exposed rather by the viciousness 
 than frailty of our nature, and by which we often con- 
 demn ourselves to greater torments and miseries of life 
 than perhaps have yet been invented by anger and re- 
 venge, or inflicted by the greatest tyrants upon the werst 
 of men. And yet so little notion have the generality of 
 mankind of the virtue of temperance, that life with 
 them is one continual scene of intemperance. " 
 
 To what cause, so much as to intemperance, are owing 
 faded youth and premature old age, an enervated body, 
 and an enfeebled mind, together with all that long train 
 of diseases which the indulgence of appetite and sense 
 have introduced into the world ? Health, cheerfulness, 
 and vigor are well known to be the offspring of tem- 
 perance. 
 
 The man of moderation culls the flowers of every al- 
 lowable gratification, without dwelling upon it until the 
 flavor be lost; he tastes the sweets of every pleasure, 
 without pursuing it till the bitten dregs rise ; whereas 
 the man of the opposite character dips so deep as to stir 
 up an impure and noxious sediment, which lies at the 
 bottom of the cup. 
 
 How quickly does the immediate pursuit of carnel 
 pleasures, or the abuse of intoxicating liquors, ruin the 
 best constitutions ? Indeed, these vices generally go 
 hand in hand. 
 
TEMPERANCE, ABSTINENCE, DIET. 25 
 
 Hence it is that we so often behold the votaries of 
 Bacchus and Venus, even before they have arrived at 
 the prime of life, worn out with diseases, and hastening 
 with swift pace to an untimely grave. Did man reflect 
 on the painful diseases and premature deaths which are 
 daily occasioned by intemperance, it would be sufficient 
 to make them shrink back with horror from the in- 
 dulgence even of their darling pleasures. 
 
 The innocent too often feel the direful effects of it. 
 How many wretched orphans are to be seen embracing 
 dung-hills, whose parents, regardless of the future, spent 
 in riot and debauch what might have served to bring up 
 their offspring in a decent manner ! How often do we 
 behold the miserable mother, with her helpless infants, 
 pining in want, while the cruel father is indulging his 
 insatiate appetite ! 
 
 It is too true,* that the major part of mankind are in- 
 temperate and sensual, and they love to gratify their ap- 
 petites and commit excess ; and seeing that they cannot 
 avoid being greatly injured by their excesses, they, by 
 way of apologizing for their conduct, say that it is bet- 
 ter to live ten years less, and enjoy themselves, not 
 properly considering of what importance are ten years 
 more of life, especially a healthy life, and at a mature 
 age, when men become sensible of their progress in 
 knowledge and virtue, which they cannot obtain to any 
 degree of perfection before this period. 
 
 A life of irregularity and intemperance has the certain 
 effect to destroy persons of the best constitutions, even 
 in the prime of life ; while, on the other hand, one of 
 regularity and temperance will frequently preserve men 
 for a length of time, who are of a very delicate or bad 
 constitution, and far gone in years. Whoever will read 
 
26 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the life of Lewis Cornaro must be convinced of this. 
 This Venetian had been addicted to a life of intempe- 
 rance up to his forteith year, the consequence of which 
 was, that a heavy train of infirmities had invaded him, 
 and made great inroads on his constitution; and after 
 having to no purpose tried every means of relief that 
 art and medicine admitted of, he at last, by the advice 
 of his physician, entered on a life of the strictest tem- 
 perance, by which he regained his health, and lived to a 
 very advanced age. Daily observation has, indeed, fully 
 convinced me that an elderly man, even of a delicate 
 constitution, who leads a regular and sober life, has a 
 better chance of a long one, than a young man of the 
 best constitution, who invariably leads a disorderly one. 
 
 That irregularities of diet, repletion, and unwholesome 
 food are the origin of many diseases, cannot admit of a 
 doubt; and that the preservation of health much de- 
 pends on a proper regimen, is equally obvious. 
 
 When it is considered that many serious diseases are 
 entirely occasioned by an improper diet, and that in 
 almost every complaint the due direction of diet is per- 
 haps of equal importance with the prescription of medi- 
 cines, it is highly blamable to neglect this powerful re- 
 source. To delicate women and sickly persons, to preg- 
 nant women and those who are nurses, and to young 
 children, restrictions on diet are indispensably necessary. 
 
 It has wisely been observed by Hippocrates, (who has 
 been called the father of medicine,) that if a man eats 
 sparingly and drinks little, he is nearly certain of bring- 
 ing no disease upon himself, and that a moderate supply 
 of food nourishes the body best. The quantity of food 
 which nature really requires for her support is small, and 
 he that lives temperately, and eats and drinks moderately 
 
TEMPERANCE, ABSTINANCE, DIET. 27 
 
 at each meal, stands fair to enjoy sprightliness, vivacity, 
 and freedom of spirits. Bodies that are governed by tem- 
 perance and regularity are rarely hurt by melancholy, or 
 any other affection of the mind. To have a clear head, 
 we must have a clear stomach ; for this is the grand re- 
 servoir in which the food is first deposited, and thence 
 its nutritive power is distributed throughout all parts of 
 the body. 
 
 An error into which many people fall, is that of eat- 
 ing too much at once. If the stomach be filled with a 
 greater quantity of food than it can easily bear, or what 
 is proper, its coats are stretched beyond their natural 
 tone, and rendered incapable of performing their digestive 
 powers; the food being longer retained than by the laws 
 of the circulation it ought to be, and undergoing a dis- 
 orderly fermentation, gives rise to crudities, sour eructa- 
 tions, flatulence, listliness, headache, and stupor ; for the 
 stomach having an intimate connection with the brain 
 and nervous system by sympathy, whenever one of them 
 is disordered, the other seldom fails of partaking in 
 the calamity. 
 
 " Who never feasts, no banquet e'er enjoys ; 
 Who never toils or watches, never sleeps." 
 
 He that consults his health must check his appetite, 
 and invariably rise from table with the ability and dis- 
 position to eat and drink still more than he has done. 
 He should also diligently apply himself to discover what 
 kinds of food are best suited to him ; for the proverb, 
 that whatever pleases the palate must agree with the 
 stomach and nourish the body, or that which is pala- 
 table must be wholesome and nourishing, is founded in 
 error. The best rule will be, not to take anything but 
 in such quantity as the stomach can easily digest, and to 
 
28 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 make use of only those things which, from observation 
 and experience, the person has found to agree with him. 
 The quality, as well as quantity, is therefore to be taken 
 into consideration. By repeated trials and experience, 
 any man may acquire a perfect knowledge of his con- 
 stitution, and ascertain not only what food, but likewise 
 the liquor, that agrees best with the stomach ; and, in 
 regulating his diet, he may place a safer reliance on his 
 own judgment than he can on the opinion of his medi- 
 cal attendant, be he ever so skillful. 
 
 Attention to diet and temperance in all other re- 
 spects is not only necessary for the preservation of health, 
 but is likewise of great importance in the cure of dis- 
 eases ; and many of them, indeed, may be cured by a 
 suitable diet alone. Avoid, therefore, any excess at 
 table, or the partaking of a great variety of dishes ; for 
 intemperance not only renders the understanding cloudy 
 and injures the constitution, but likewise degrades the 
 soul. Do not confine temperance, however, to merely 
 eating and drinking, but let it be extended to the mode- 
 rating every other appetite, inclination, or passion. 
 
 Abstinence is the best cure for any excess which has 
 been committed in eating or drinking. In paying a 
 strict attention to temperance, we are to take care at the 
 same time not to carry it so far as to border on absti- 
 nence of an excessive nature ; for this is by no means 
 conducive to health, but the direct contrary, because a 
 copious supply of fresh and wholesome food is requisite 
 for the support of the body, and is peculiarly necessary 
 for those who labor hard. 
 
 Dr. Cheyne imputes most of the chronic diseases, 
 the infirmities of old age and short lives, to repletion or 
 intemperance, and alleges that they may be either pre- 
 vented or cured by abstinence. 
 
TEMPERANCE, ABSTINENCE, DIET. 29 
 
 But if abstinence is not sufficient for a cure of dis- 
 eases, yet it greatly assists the operation of medicines, 
 and is a preventive against a multitude of dangerous 
 disorders. Several writers relate extraordinary cures 
 performed by it, and many instances of its extending 
 the term of human life. It is, indeed, surprising to 
 what a degree of age the primitive Christians of the 
 East, who retired from persecution into the deserts of 
 Arabia and Egypt, lived, healthful and cheerful, on a very 
 little food. Cassian assures us, that the common allow- 
 ance for twenty-four hours was only twelve ounces of 
 bread and mere water, and adds, that on this spare diet 
 Arsenius, tutor to the Emperor Araadius, lived a hundred 
 and twenty 'years, and many others to nearly the same 
 age. A man of the name of Laurence preserved his 
 life to a hundred and forty years, by temperance and 
 labor. And Spotswood mentions one man who attained 
 the age of one hundred and seventy-five years, by means 
 of abstinence. 
 
 It appears from the registers of the society of Friends, 
 that one half of those born among them live to the age 
 of forty-seven years; whereas, says Dr. Price, that of 
 the general population of London, one half live only 
 two and three quarter years. The number of Friends 
 who live to the age of seventy, compared with the gen- 
 eral population of London, is as four to one. This su- 
 perior longevity is properly attributable to the temperate 
 habits of the society generally; and it may be added 
 that, from the same cause, they enjoy a greater portion 
 of health, and exemption from the commonly allotted 
 ills of life. 
 
 A still greater benefit flowing from the habitual tem- 
 perance of this society, is the almost total absence of 
 
30 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 pauperism among them. Although they relieve the public 
 from all charge on account of their poor, it is believed 
 that they are not subjected to any heavy burden thereby, 
 their habits of temperance and economy operating to 
 keep nearly all above want. 
 
 Food which is simple, provided it be easy of digestion, 
 and afford a due quantity of nourishment, is far prefer- 
 able to that which is compounded by the rules of art 
 and cookery, and rendered more savory by an addition 
 of aromatic spices. Eating a variety of high-seasoned 
 viands, and partaking of many dishes, is very unwhole- 
 some ; for the stomach thereby becomes overloaded with 
 an heterogeneous mass, exceedingly pernicious in its 
 effects. Moreover, we are induced to exceed the bounds 
 which nature has prescribed for us, and by such means 
 the stomach labors under all the direful effects of reple- 
 tion. To eat moderately of one dish is certainly most 
 wholesome. Simplicity of food requires no physical 
 alteratives, and due exercise, with temperance, prove 
 the best cathartic. 
 
 The new school of France seems to be well aware of 
 this truth, and has retired back to the simplicity of na- 
 ture, to those days of primitive manners, when the die- 
 tetic school spread its doctrines abroad for the relief of 
 man. If you ask the French professors what is the best 
 mode of curing disease, they will answer you, like the 
 Greek orator, when it was inquired what was the first 
 essential in eloquence, he answered, action ; and what 
 the second, action ; and what the third, action : so 
 would the physicians of Paris, if it were inquired what 
 was the first requisite in curing disease, answer, diet; 
 and the second, diet ; and the third, diet. 
 
 Wonderful cures, says Dr. Mease, have been effected 
 
TEMPERANCE, ABSTINENCE, DIET. 31 
 
 by simplicity of diet. The father of Professor Cooper, 
 of South Carolina, was cured in London of an asthma, 
 to which he had been long subject, by an exclusive diet 
 of boiled carrots for two weeks, as recommended by 
 John Wesley, in his " Primitive Physic." During this 
 time he drank little water. He remained well for 
 twelve years; but, having returned to his former gen- 
 erous living, he was again attacked. I have heard of 
 another cure by the same diet. 
 
 The disease called broken wind in horses, which is no 
 more than the asthma in the human species, is caused 
 in England by an exclusive diet of the same vegetable. 
 
 In eating our food, due care should be taken to chew 
 or masticate it sufficiently previous to its being swal- 
 lowed. This is a point deserving of a very strict atten- 
 tion, and may be deemed the first process of digestion ; 
 for without the solid parts of our food being well tritu- 
 rated in the mouth, and at the same time incorporated 
 with a due proportion of the salivary secretion, it can 
 not be converted into chyle or healthy nutriment. 
 
 The simplicity of aliments and temperance are, in 
 fact, the abundant sources of health and life. "It is suf- 
 ficient," says Plutarch, "to have the taste of true 
 pleasure, to be temperate." Regimen has the greatest 
 influence, not only upon the physical, but also upon the 
 mental part of man. 
 
 I have been thus lengthy on these subjects, because I 
 am satisfied that habits of transgression are the fore- 
 runner of the most of diseases. 
 
 FOOD AND DRINK — ANIMAL FOOD. 
 
 " It appears very evident that man, in his primeval 
 state of simplicity, never ate any animal food whatever. 
 
32 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Previous to his transgression, he was not permitted to 
 kill any animals nor partake of any meat, as appears by 
 command of his Maker, recorded in the Bible. 
 
 " Vegetables alone seem to have been his only food. 
 From this fact we may infer that vegetables are more 
 congenial to the system than animal food. 
 
 " We may infer this also from the effects which follow 
 the long-continued use of meat. Sailors who use it 
 on long voyages are subject to the scurvy, which often 
 proves fatal, when a recurrence to vegetables immedi- 
 ately removes the disease. A vast number of complaints 
 are unquestionably produced by animal food. The evil 
 consequences arising from it are in part owing to the 
 quantities of oil or grease it contains; by reason of 
 which the digestion is disordered, the bile vitiated, the 
 blood corrupted, and cutaneous and other diseases in- 
 duced. 
 
 "Injurious effects are very freqently immediately felt 
 after eating a meal of high-seasoned meats, such as op- 
 pression at the stomach, lethargy, and subsequently, if 
 persisted in, dyspepsia, and other complaints. Animal 
 food then may, in general, be considered hurtful, and 
 requires a very strong and healthy stomach to digest it ; 
 and it ought, therefore, if used at all, to be taken very 
 sparingly, and not more than once a day. Besides, it is 
 better taken cold than warm. Where animal food and 
 wine have been received into the stomach, no sooner is 
 the digestive process begun, even before any portion is 
 introduced into the circulating fluid, than the action of 
 the heart is increased and the pulse is quickened ; but 
 the same effect is not observed from vetetables. 
 
 "The blood of the person who eats animal food is 
 richer, thicker, and more stimulating, and produces a 
 
FOOD AND DRINK. 33 
 
 much greater excitement of the different organs, than 
 the blood of those fed on vegetables. Flesh diet, there- 
 fore, gives a greater tendency to inflammatory and other 
 complaints than a vegetable diet. Among other ill 
 effects of animal food is a temporary fever after eating 
 it, called, by the old medical writers, "the fever of di- 
 gestion." No such effects follow the use of vegetable 
 food. 
 
 VEGETABLE FOOD. 
 
 Vegetable food is much lighter, more easily digested, and 
 much less inclined to putrify than animal food. Besides, 
 from the natural stimulus which it possesses, the bile is ren- 
 dered more healthy, by which the regular peristaltic 
 motion of the bowels is kept up, and costiveness, the 
 source of so many evils, obviated. This is easily proved, 
 for every one knows that the use of certain fruits, such 
 as apples, raisins, tamarinds, peaches, prunes, pears, 
 plumbs, whortleberries, etc., besides other articles which 
 will be hereafter mentioned, keep the bowels in a con- 
 stant soluble state. 
 
 To show still farther the influence of vegetable food 
 in promoting a healthy state of the system, we need only 
 advert to the inhabitants of those countries who use it 
 exclusively. For health and vigor of constitution, they 
 are noted. Observe, for instance, the Irish, who live 
 upon potatoes and buttermilk, how muscular and athletic 
 they are, and how their countenances glow with genuine 
 health. They can endure more hardships and more pri- 
 vations than any other people, and yet subsist upon this 
 vegetable from infancy to old age. Our forefathers, the 
 hardy sons of New England, enjoyed uninterrupted 
 health and lived to a good old age, by adhering to a 
 
34 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 simple diet, such as bean porridge and hasty (Indian 
 meal) puddings. But how have their descendants de- 
 generated in point of health, by a departure from these 
 simple and wholesome rules. It must be acknowledged 
 that, by their habits of luxury, they do not live half as 
 long as their ancestors. 
 
 That man is capable of sustaining the health, vigor, 
 and strength of his system upon a diet purely vegetable, 
 is established by so many proofs as to place the fact be- 
 yond the possibility of doubt. The Hindoo lives almost 
 exclusively upon rice and water. A great proportion of 
 the Irish peasantry subsist on potatoes, with the addi- 
 tion of oaten cake or bread and milk ; and the laboring 
 classes in many districts of Scotland and the North of 
 England, are nourished upon little else than oat meal 
 and potatoes ; while in various other countries of Europe 
 the poor are restricted almost exclusively to a vegetable 
 diet, even less nourishing than these. When the food 
 just referred to is in sufficient quantity and of a good 
 quality, more robust, active and vigorous frames, and a 
 greater amount of general health can scarcely be met 
 with in the inhabitants of any other country or among 
 any other classes of society, whatever may be the nature 
 of their diet. Vegetable food affords as much or more 
 nutrition than animal, while the former produces much 
 less excitement. 
 
 An intelligent farmer of Pennsylvania, whose health 
 had for some time been declining, and who, at the age 
 of sixty years, finding himself completely broken down, 
 and laid by with all the infirmities of a premature old 
 age, was induced to adopt a simple diet of vegetable 
 food and water, with the hope of mitigating in some de- 
 
FOOD AND DRINK. 35 
 
 gree the severity of his sufferings. Of the effects of 
 this experiment, he thus expresses himself : 
 
 " In less than twelve months from the time I com- 
 menced living on my abstemious vegetable and water 
 diet, I was perfectly restored to health, and seemed to 
 have renewed my life. I was entirely free from pain 
 and ailment, and was very active and vigorous, and more 
 serenely and truly cheerful and happy than ever before 
 since my childhood. My sight improved astonishingly, in- 
 somuch that whereas, before my change of diet, I could 
 with difficulty see to read with the best of glasses I could 
 procure, now I can easily read the finest print of my news- 
 paper without glasses. But the most wonderful effect 
 was produced on my mind, which became far more 
 clear, active and vigorous than it had ever been before ; 
 indeed, no one who has not experienced the same, can 
 have any adequate conception of the real intellectual 
 luxury which I enjoyed. It seems as if my soul was 
 perfectly free from all clogging embarrassments and in- 
 fluence of the body. I could command and apply my 
 thoughts at pleasure, and was able to study and investi- 
 gate the most obtuse subjects ; and to write with an ease, 
 perspicuity and satisfaction which I had never before 
 known nor had any idea of." (For further evidence of 
 the kind, see treatise entitled, "Science of Human Life. ") 
 
 I shall make a few remarks upon the articles of diet 
 most in use. 
 
 Bread. — Bread is said to be the staff of life, being used 
 more than any other kind of diet. The articles, then, of 
 which it is composed are of the greatest consequence. 
 I am satisfied that bread, as now made and used, is one 
 great cause of disease. The flour from which it is made 
 is separated from the bran, the coarser part, designed by 
 
6b GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 nature to keep up a continued action and stimulus to the 
 bowels, for the purpose of preventing costiveness and a 
 deranged state of the stomach and intestines. Another 
 objection to bread in our large cities is, the quantity of 
 yeast added to the flour, which ferments it so much as to 
 destroy the sweetness and often forms acidity. 
 
 Some, it is said, add alum, vitriol, and other deleterious 
 substances, which render it very unwholesome. This is 
 another source of indigestion and complaints of the 
 liver. In grinding wheat, the coarser parts should never 
 be separated from the fine ; but both should be ground 
 coarse and mixed together, then made into bread in the 
 ordinary manner. A small quantity of Indian meal may 
 be added, and yeast to ferment it sufficiently. This kind 
 of bread, although it is not so white as that made of su- 
 perfine flour, is more palatable, much lighter, more easily 
 digested, regulates the bowels, and I know not but I 
 may with propriety add, that, with other precautions, it 
 is a cure for dyspepsia. 
 
 Tea and Coffee. — Tea and coffee are injurious, espe- 
 cially to invalids, dyspeptic and nervous people ; they 
 produce debility, hysterics, and other evil consequences. 
 Tea and coffee, being both narcotic or poisonous, have 
 many ill effects, by impairing the powers of the stomach, 
 producing various nervous symptoms, palpitation of the 
 heart, restlessness, headache, a pale and sallow hue of 
 the skin, and all the usual train of morbid feelings which 
 accompany dyspepsia. 
 
 Cookery. — The arts of cookery render many things un- 
 wholesome which are not so in their own nature. By 
 jumbling together a number of different ingredients, in 
 order to make a poignant sauce or rich soup, the com- 
 position proves almost a poison. All high seasoning, 
 
FOOD AND DRINK. 61 
 
 pickles, &c., are only incentives to luxury, and never fail 
 to injure the stomach ; they disorder it and impair the 
 health of the system generally, by rendering the food 
 too heating and difficult of digestion, and by inducing us 
 to partake of too much food, or to eat in the absence of 
 the natural appetite. It were well for mankind if cook- 
 ery, as an art, were entirely prohibited. Plain boiling 
 or roasting is all that the stomach requires. 
 
 Pastry. — Pastry is generally unwholesome, and what- 
 ever is hard of digestion. In a word, plain and whole- 
 some food, simply cooked, ought to be used. Ripe fruits 
 of all kinds may be taken with safety ; but crude and 
 unripe fruits are very dangerous ; they bring on acidity 
 and bowel complaints. 
 
 Milk. — Milk is the food destined by nature to the in- 
 fant period, aed seems admirably adapted for the use of 
 young children, as well as adults whose powers of diges- 
 tion are enfeebled either by dissipation or disease. In 
 its pure state, however, it is apt to disagree with some 
 persons, in which case it will be advisable to dilute it 
 with water. Those who labor under pulmonary con- 
 sumption and hectic fever, are frequently confined to a 
 milk diet, and in such cases the milk of the goat has 
 been much employed in preference to that of the cow, 
 being of a lighter nature. When that of the former is 
 not to be obtained, that of the latter may be rendered 
 more easily digestible, by allowing it to stand for some 
 time, and then skimming off the cream from it. 
 
 SIMPLICITY IN DIET. 
 
 Nature delights in the most plain and simple food, and 
 every animal, except man, follows her dictates. Man 
 alone riots at large and ransacks the whole creation in 
 
38 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 quest of luxuries, to his own destruction. An elegant 
 writer of the last age speaks thus of intemperance in 
 diet : " For my part, when I behold a fashionable table 
 set out in ail its magnificence, I fancy that I see gouts and 
 dropsies, fever and lethargies, with other innumerable 
 distempers, lying in ambuscade among the dishes." 
 
 Water. — Good water is of the greatest importance to 
 the animal economy. It is the most simple of all liquids. 
 
 ' ' Nothing like simple element dilutes 
 The food, and gives the chyle so soon to flow." 
 
 Water should be free from any mineral or vegetable 
 ingredients. It may be considered pure when it is per- 
 fectly clear, without any disagreeable taste or smell, soft, 
 and easily unites with soap. The more pure the water, 
 the more healthy. "When it is impregnated with foreign 
 substances, ill effects follow the use of it. The water of 
 marshes and stagnant ponds is not fit to drink, and the 
 water of many cities, particularly the city of New York, 
 is very injurious. It is highly impregnated with the 
 carbonate of lime, as may be seen by the decompositions 
 of calcareous matter, which is copiously deposited on the 
 bottom and sides of those vessels in which it is boiled. 
 By using such impure water constantly for drink and 
 cooking, large quantities of earthy and deleterious sub- 
 stances are taken into the system, and occasion dysyep- 
 sia, gravel and other complaints. Rain and snow water, 
 and that running over gravel beds, is considered purest, 
 but good spring water is better than either. The noted 
 " rain water doctor " cured his patients by prescribing 
 the free use of this " universal menstruum. " It should 
 neither be drank too cold, especially when the body is 
 heated or in in a profuse perspiration. The most dread- 
 ful consequences follow drinking cold water in hot wea- 
 
SIMPLICITY IN DIET. 39 
 
 ther, while the pores are open, or when in a copious 
 perspiration. Spasms, convulsions and death often fol- 
 low quickly. If this should happen, perspiration should 
 be restored as soon as possible. Bleeding should not be 
 resorted to, as is now the custom ; but give a largs tea- 
 spoonful or two of camphorated spirits in a little gin or 
 brandy, every fifteen minutes until relief is afforded, and 
 if my All-Healing Liniment can be obtained it never fails 
 to cure. The hands and face should be washed or bathed 
 before any cold water is drank, and then a small quanti- 
 ty only taken at a time. Let it also be held in the mouth 
 a few minutes before it is drank. It is as equally dan- 
 gerous to drink fresh buttermilk when a person is over- 
 heated. A person died in a few minutes after drink- 
 ing it freely. Many have lost their lives for want of 
 these precautions. Another caution is necessary for 
 farmers and other persons residing in the country. 
 When stooping down to drink from brooks on woody 
 mountains in this country, they will sometimes meet with 
 small lizards and insects concealed among the leaves in 
 water, which are sometimes inadvertently swallowed, 
 and prove dangerous. 
 
 Simple water, in general, is sufficient for those who 
 are in health ; but it may be rendered more palatable by 
 the addition of molasses. The addition of a table spoon- 
 ful of good lemon syrup to half a pint of fresh water, 
 makes a very pleasant and wholesome drink. Good 
 syrup should be procured, as it is often adulterated by 
 the juice of lemons that are decayed. Common lemon- 
 ade, made by the fresh juice of lemons or limes, and 
 sweetened with loaf sugar, makes a cooling and agree- 
 able drink in hot weather. 
 
40 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 FERMENTED LIQUORS — ARDENT SPIRITS. 
 
 "Water, says Dr. Cheyne, is the only simple fluid fitted 
 for diluting, moistening and cooling — the only ends of 
 drink appointed by nature ; and happy had it been for 
 mankind, if other mixed and artificial liquors had never 
 been invented. Water alone is sufficient and effectual 
 for all purpose of human wants and drink. Strong 
 liquors were never intended for common use ; they were 
 formerly kept as other medicines are, in apothecaries' 
 shops, and prescribed by physicians to refresh the weary, 
 strengthen the weak, and raise the low spirited. As 
 natural causes will always produce their effects, the ef- 
 fects of the common use of wine and spirituous liquors 
 are, to inflame the blood into gout, stone, rheumatism, 
 fevers, pleurisies, &c, and to dry up the juices, and scorch 
 and shrivel the solids. Those whose appetite and di- 
 gestion are good and entire, never want strong liquors to 
 supply them with spirits. Such spirits are too volatile 
 and fugitive for any solid or useful purpose of life. 
 
 Spirituous liquors inflame the blood, corrode the coats 
 of the stomach, impair digestion, destroy the appetite, 
 and induce many diseases of the most dreadful kind, 
 such as gout, scirrhus of the liver or spleen, dropsy, ap- 
 oplexy, palsy, madness, and fevers of different kinds ; 
 they also impair the judgment, destroy the memory, and 
 produce intoxication. 
 
 Of all the ways in which spirituous liquors are used, 
 that of drinking them in the form of drams is the most 
 injurious ; and although, perhaps, it may be a slower way 
 of destroying life than by taking a dose of any active 
 poison, still in the end it will be attended with that dire- 
 
FERMENTED LIQUORS. 41 
 
 ful effect. The habit steals on imperceptibly with many, 
 and under any depression of spirits they have recourse 
 to it; but one dram begets a necessity for another, and 
 at length the indulgence becomes unlimited and the 
 vice uncontrollable. The constitution shows its effects ; 
 the appetite is destroyed, digestion impaired, lowness and 
 dejection of the mind, with tremors of the nerves ensue, 
 the face is blotched, the nose red and beset with bumps, 
 and nausea, vomitings, frequent eructations, flatulency, 
 and great disorder in the biliary organs take place ; the 
 liver becomes enlarged, indurated, and tubercular* and 
 at last dropsy manifests itself, if the patient is not pre- 
 viously cut off by apoplexy or palsy. 
 
 It does not seem easy to determine which of the two, 
 viz : opium or spirituous liquors, by being improperly 
 used, proves most detrimental to the human constitution. 
 Unluckily, the victims who addict themselves to either, 
 are ensnared by a habit which they And it impossible to 
 relinquish, because the constitution, when habituated to 
 a strong stimulant, becomes incapable of carrying on the 
 functions of life without constant excitement, which of 
 itself brings on debility and premature decay. 
 
 The speedy effects which opium, or indeed any of its 
 preparations, is observed to have on those persons who 
 take it habitually, are an exhilaration of animal spirits ; 
 and from a dozing and depressed state into which they 
 sink after passing the usual time of taking the dose, they 
 become alert and cheerful ; but those who accustom them- 
 selves to this drug are of a yellow complexion, look much 
 older than they really are, lose their appetite, and their 
 bowels are invariably constipated. Those who indulge in 
 a free use of strong and spirituous liquors have but little 
 desire for food after a time, the liver becomes diseased. 
 
42 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 (being either beset with tubercles or indurated, scirrhous 
 or enlarged,) the countenance is tinged of a yellow hue, 
 general debility ensues, and dropsy at last destroys life, 
 Palsy is often also the consequence of a continued course 
 of such intemperance. 
 
 Habits of drunkenness often take their rise from a 
 connection with some company or companion already 
 addicted to the practice, which affords an almost irre- 
 sistable invitation to take a share in the indulgences which 
 those about us are enjoying with so much apparent rel- 
 ish arm delight, or from want of regular employment, 
 which is sure to occasion many superfluous and pernicious 
 cravings, and frequently this among the rest ; or it may 
 have originated from grief or fatigue, either of which 
 strongly solicit that relief which inebriating liquors ad- 
 minister, for the present, and furnish a specious excuse 
 for complying with the inclination. But the habit, when 
 once adopted, is continued by different motives from 
 those to which it owes its origin. Persons addicted to 
 excessive drinking suffer, in the intervals of sobriety, and 
 near the return of their accustomed indulgence, a faint- 
 ness and oppression which exceed the common patience 
 of human nature to endure. This is usually relieved, 
 for a short time, by a repetition of the same excess ; and 
 to this relief, as to the removal of every long continued 
 pain, those who have once experienced it, are urged al- 
 most beyond the power of resistance. The only remedy 
 is total abstinence. 
 
 WINE. 
 
 Wine, unmixed with alcohol, used in moderation, may 
 be considered a wholesome drink. In those countries 
 where it is produced in abundance, the people drink 
 freely of it without injury, and are proverbially tempe- 
 
FERMENTED LIQUORS. 43 
 
 rate. In France, where there are such immense quan- 
 tities of wine, a drunkard is seldom or never to be found. 
 It seems to destroy that hankering after ardent spirits, 
 which is so peculiar to other countries where wine is not 
 much made. 
 
 The wine imported into this country contains such 
 a large quantity of alcohol, that it becomes injurious. 
 Hence the necessity and importance for Americans and 
 others to plant vineyards. Some of our most sensible 
 men give it as their opinion, that if wine was as freely 
 used as in France, it would eradicate the universal vice 
 of intemperance. This, however, is very doubtful. 
 
 Says a noted writer upon this subject, "Wine, when 
 used in moderation, proves generally grateful to the 
 stomach ; it warms and stimulates it to greater exertion, 
 promotes probably a more speedy discharge of its con- 
 tents, and, from its immediate action, imparts a transient 
 sensation of warmth and comfort; but when taken in 
 an immoderate quantity, it produces intoxication for the 
 time, and, its exhilarating effects having subsided, it 
 leaves the frame disordered, relaxed and weak. "Wine 
 may be considered as the best of cordials, where its good 
 qualities are not destroyed by too free and frequent use. 
 Most of great drinkers of vinous and spirituous liquors 
 die of relaxation, debility, loss of appetite, tubercles and 
 scirrhosity of the liver, or dropsy." 
 
 u The uses of wine are great, both as a beverage 
 and a medicine. Several physicians recommend it as an 
 excellent cordial, and particularly serviceable in fevers. 
 The moderate use of wine is of service to the aged, the 
 weak, and the relaxed, and to those who are exposed to 
 a warm and moist or corrupted air ; wine deserves to be 
 ranked first in the list of antiscorbutic liquors. Con- 
 
44 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 sidered as a medicine, it is a valuable cordial in languor 
 and debility ; grateful and reviving ; particularly useful 
 in the low stage of malignant or other fevers, for raising 
 the pulse and resisting putrefaction." 
 
 BEER. 
 
 Malt liquors waste the powers of life, keep up a con- 
 stant fever, exhaust the spirits, inflame the blood, cause 
 headache and premature old age, and, drank frequently 
 to excess, exposes the body to numberless diseases. They 
 particularly disagree with persons of a bilious tempera- 
 ment, and those subject to flatulency, coughs, and in- 
 flammatory affections. In cases, however, of great 
 debility, where a stimulous is required, they may be 
 given with success, particularly in the form of porter. 
 This article is very strengthening to females debilitated 
 by nursing. 
 
 SPRUCE BEER. 
 
 This is a very cooling and pleasant beverage, which 
 may be freely drank. It must be made, not of the syrup 
 of spruce, which is now customary, but with a decoction 
 of the leaves, by which the flavor and qualities are ren- 
 dered altogether different and much improved. 
 
 MEDICAL OR ROOT BEER. 
 
 The following beer will not only be found a substitute 
 for many common drinks, but a very pleasant and whole- 
 some beverage. Besides, it possesses alterative pro- 
 perties, attenuates viscid humors, and purifies the blood : 
 
 Take Sassafras root, (Ead. Sassafras,) q. s. 
 " Burdock root, (Arctium Lappa,) q. s. 
 
 " "Wild Cherry tree bark, of the root, (Prinos YirginianaJ q. s. 
 " Boot of Black Alder, (Prinos Verticillatus,) q. s. 
 " Spice Wood or Pever Bush, q. s. 
 
AIR. 45 
 
 Make a strong decoction by boiling several hours, strain, 
 sweeten well with molasses or honey, then add, when 
 it is blood- warm, sufficient yeast to ferment it. In a 
 short time, or as soon as it commences fermentation, it is 
 fit for use. This may be freely taken as a diet drink. 
 It is very pleasant, and is excellent to prevent disease 
 and keep the system in a healthy state ; and it is grate- 
 ful and cooling in all kinds of fevers. A little ginger 
 and hops make it better. 
 
 CIDER. 
 
 Cider made from ripe apples, properly fermented, and 
 racked or purified, is of all fermented liquors the most 
 innocent and the best. But too little pains is taken with 
 cider. It may be made, by care and proper management, 
 as fine flavored and as clear as wine. 
 
 MEAD. 
 
 Mead made by adding honey to water, and fermenting 
 it, is very pleasant and wholesome. 
 
 AIR. 
 
 Few are aware of the effects of' air in producing dis- 
 ease or the promotion of health. It is the principal 
 medium by which animal life is supported ; and so ne- 
 cessary is it for this purpose, that life cannot exist a mo- 
 ment without it, as will appear by placing an animal in 
 the exhausted receiver of an air pump. 
 
 IMPURE AIR. 
 
 Impure air is a very common cause of disease. Where 
 it is very impure it proves fatal suddenly ; and where it 
 is mixed with that which is pure, the effect of it on the 
 system soon becomes perceptible. Indeed, it would ap- 
 pear that most disorders proceed from unwholesome air, 
 
46 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 or an atmosphere highly charged with deleterious gases. 
 The influenza, which often occurs as an epidemic, is 
 caused by it, seizing thousands of persons and spreading 
 over extensive districts. Also, Indian cholera, so highly 
 pestilential, is communicated by an impure atmosphere. 
 Also, the intermittent, remittent, and yellow fevers. 
 
 Cities, towns and villages have been almost depopula- 
 ted, by reason of unwholesome air received into the cir- 
 culation through the medium of the lungs. 
 
 The deleterious nature of impure air is still more 
 strikingly exemplified where carbonic acid gas, called 
 " choke damp," or fixed air, has accumulated in large 
 quantities, as in wells, mines, beer vats, and in such 
 places as the Grotto Delcani, in Italy, where animal life 
 becomes immediately extinct. Dogs are thrown into the 
 latter place, and are immediately killed by inhaling the 
 gas with which it abounds; and the great number of 
 lives that are annually lost in wells and mines is familiar 
 to all ; from which we learn the great influence which 
 impure air has upon our health. Persons should never 
 descend any of these places, until they have previously 
 let down a light to ascertain if combustion can be sup- 
 ported. If the light is extinguished, I scarcely need add 
 that no one can subsist in them a moment. By thus let- 
 ting down a lighted candle into any place that has been 
 long closed, many valuable lives might annually be saved. 
 I was engaged in sinking a shaft, some 280 feet deep ; I 
 had to use great caution, in letting down lights, after 
 having made a blast, and on Monday mornings, and 
 other times, when it had stood any length of time without 
 being worked. I may here also observe, that, in case a 
 person has been thus suffocated, another person may be 
 let down with a rope fastened to a tub, or a noose may 
 
AIR. 47 
 
 be made of the rope by which he might be enabled to 
 take hold of and rescue the patient, provided he holds 
 his breath during the time he is in the lower part of the 
 well, that he may not inhale the gas; or a number of or- 
 dinary bags, or those made of muslin, may, in a few 
 minutes, be made, and placed over the head and tied to 
 the neck of the person ; these (bags) may be kept opened by 
 attendants above a sufficient time to admit the common 
 atmospheric air, which will enable him to respire and 
 continue any length of time where gas exists. 
 
 "When it has been discovered that this kind of air ex- 
 ists ia any place, in order to remove it slacked lime must 
 be plentifully introduced. The carbonic acid gas unites 
 with the lime, for which it has a great affinity, and a 
 carbonate is formed, which renders the air pure. 
 
 AIR OF CROWDED ASSEMBLIES. 
 
 When we reflect upon the quantity of atmospheric air 
 which a single person renders impure or unfit for inha- 
 lation, we shall readily see the danger arising from the 
 air of crowded assemblies. It is computed that a man 
 destroys the vital portion of a gallon of air per minute. 
 To test this, let an animal be confined in ajar of com- 
 mon air perfectly closed ; in a short time the inhalation 
 of it absorbs the oxygen, and leaves only the nitrogen 
 and a small proportion of carbonic acid gas, which, being 
 incapable of supporting combustion, soon takes the life 
 of the animal. In the same manner, the health of peo- 
 ple is impaired, by being confined in jails, prisons, or 
 being in crowded assemblies, or sleeping in close rooms, 
 and where there are a number of others. Many have 
 been suffocated in this manner. A most melancholy 
 
48 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 circumstance occurred in the black " hole " of Calcutta. 
 A vast number of prisoners were crowded so closely to- 
 gether, where there was little or no circulation of air, 
 that most of them died in a short time. It is owing to 
 this that close stoves prove so injurious. They de- 
 stroy the vital portion of the air, so indispensable 
 to health and life, while the remaining impure air 
 is inhaled, and the consequence is headache, languor, and 
 other ill effects. Those who are obliged to use small 
 stoves should place a vessel of water upon them, which, 
 in a great measure, affords a preventive. 
 
 Persons should be careful also to promote a free cir- 
 culation of air in their houses, by frequently opening 
 their windows. I have been in the habit of doing it at 
 night without receiving the least injury; but, on the 
 contrary, I think, with much benefit. 
 
 " I would propose," says a writer, "that the casements 
 of all public rooms, and, indeed, of private houses, shall 
 be so constructed as that the upper division shall slide 
 down, and that a certain portion of them, according as 
 the room is more or less crowded, be always kept open. 
 By thus promoting a free and constant circulation of air 
 in every apartment, whether occupied or not, the inter- 
 nal or external air becomes nearly of an equal tempera- 
 ture ; the foul air which is generated in close, unoccupied 
 chambers, and which adheres to the walls and furniture, 
 will be carried off before it is accumulated, and the usual 
 practice of airing rooms, by opening the windows, and 
 warming them with fires, will be less, if at all, necessary. 
 
 "The most neat and delicate person, after having 
 passed the night in his bed chamber, does not, when he 
 awakes, discover any offensive smell in his room; but if 
 he quits it for a few minutes, and returns to it after 
 
AIR. 49 
 
 having been in the open air, and before fresh air has 
 been admitted, he will quickly discover an essential dif- 
 ference." 
 
 In crowded meetings or assemblies, delicate persons 
 often become sick and faint, and in every place where the 
 air becomes injured by repeated breathing, or by fires, 
 candles, etc. ; itnd how often is a bed-chamber redered 
 very offensive, by the neglect of extinguishing the snuff 
 of a candle. This should always be done before re- 
 tiring. 
 
 AIR IN CITIES. 
 
 The air in cities is injured by being so often breathed 
 and stagnated by narrow streets, numerous and compact 
 houses and apartments, a dense population, exhalations 
 arising from putrid substances, filth, smoke of factories, 
 dirty streets, etc. The streets of our cities are altogether 
 too narrow, as well as too filthy. Those who come from 
 the country to the city often become immediately affect- 
 ed by the polluted and contaminated air. 
 
 Our cities should be built as Babylon and other ancient 
 cities were. The streets were wide; houses a distance 
 apart ; numerous gardens, trees, plants, etc. It is a dis- 
 grace to our municipal authorities, that no more atten- 
 tion is paid to the cleanliness of our streets and yards ; 
 the exhalations arising from which are not only unpleas- 
 ant, but very unwholesome. Yards, privies, and every 
 house should be often thoroughly cleansed and white- 
 washed. 
 
 CHANGE OF AIR. 
 
 The effects of change of air on the health is almost 
 incredible, especially by removing from the city to the 
 country. The effect seems still greater on infants and 
 
 4 
 
50 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 children than adults, thousands of whom annually die 
 from the effects of impure air. Many who have been 
 laboring under the most serious and apparently incurable 
 diseases, by removing from the city to the country, or 
 from an inland residence to the sea-shore, have rapidly 
 recovered. I might mention striking instances of this 
 fact. It is often equally as salutary to remove from one 
 climate to another, of an opposite temperature. It fre- 
 quently occurs that the whole system undergoes a com- 
 plete change without the use of medieine. Persons af- 
 flicted with pulmonary and nervous diseases, should be 
 careful to avoid the air of great towns or cities. Those 
 who are unable to leave the city for any length of time, 
 should frequently take excursions in the country or on 
 the water. 
 
 TREES AND PLANTS. 
 
 Trees and plants are great purifiers of the atmosphere, 
 and are conducive to health. They emit oxygen gas 
 (the only vital portion of the air) during the day, while 
 at night they imbibe and decompose it, and retain the 
 carbonic gas or fixed air, the deleterious nature of which 
 has been pointed out. 
 
 By this we see how much they contribute to life and 
 health. Let them, therefore, be nursed and cultivated, 
 both for health and ornament. 
 
 BURNING CHARCOAL. 
 
 The practice of burning charcoal to cook or to heat 
 rooms has become very common, and many have lost 
 their lives by the gas produced by it. The newspapers 
 have lately recorded many cases where jars or vessels of 
 charcoal have been placed in cabins or rooms, and the 
 persons sleeping in them have been killed. An account 
 
AIR. 51 
 
 is given of two persons who lately lost their lives by 
 burning charcoal in a vessel in this manner. It is not 
 an uncommon, but a very dangerous practice, and not to 
 be repeated. 
 
 PURE AIR IN DISEASE. 
 
 Pure air is essential to the best possible health of the 
 system, and that just in proportion as the air we breathe 
 becomes impure, does it become unhealthy. 
 
 It is a universal law, and can never be violated with 
 impunity. We see the effects of impure air in ill venti- 
 lated meeting-houses. It is not uncommon for persons 
 to faint in consequence of inhaling this kind of air ; in 
 others it produces different effects. The ball-room, and 
 crowded party, give rise to headache, indigestion, faint - 
 ing, eruptions of the skin, general debility, etc. Houses, 
 factories, school-rooms, hospitals, and every place where 
 many meet, should be well ventilated. Man subsists upon 
 air more than upon his food and drink — hence the ne- 
 cessity of having it pure. 
 
 A sensible writer on this subject thus observes : "If 
 fresh air be necessary for those in health, it is still more 
 so for the sick, who often lose their lives for want of it. 
 The notion that sick people must be kept very hot, is so 
 common that one can hardly enter the chamber where a 
 patient lies, without being ready to faint, by reason of 
 the hot, suffocating smell. How this must affect the sick, 
 any one may judge. No medicine is so beneficial to the 
 sick as fresh air. It is the most reviving of all cordials, 
 if it be administered with prudence. We are not, how- 
 ever, to throw doors and windows open at random upon 
 the sick. Fresh air is to be let into the chamber gradu- 
 ally, and, if possible, by opening the windows of some 
 other apartment. 
 
52 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 " The air of a sick person's chamber may be greatly 
 freshened, and the patient much revived, by sprinkling 
 the floor, bed, etc., frequently with vinegar, juice of 
 lemon, or any other strong vegetable acid. 
 
 " In places where numbers of sick are crowded into 
 the same house, or, which is often the case, into the same 
 apartment, the frequent admission of fresh air becomes 
 absolutely necessary. Infirmaries, hospitals, etc., are 
 often rendered so noxious for want of proper ventilation, 
 that the sick run more hazard from them than from the 
 disease. This is particularly the case when putrid fevers, 
 dysenteries, and other infectious diseases prevail." 
 
 A number of persons lately lost their lives, by reason 
 of the confined air on board of a ship, coming to this 
 country from Europe. 
 
 EXERCISE. 
 
 "We may be very temperate in eating and drinking, 
 and observe the best rules for the prevention of disease, 
 yet, without a strict attention to exercise, we cannot en- 
 joy good health. 
 
 In the curse pronounced upon our first parents, there 
 is annexed a peculiar blessing— a circumstance so striking- 
 ly characteristic of Deity. It was pronounced upon 
 Adam, " In the sweat of thy brow shalt thou earn thy 
 bread." 
 
 In the very sweat produced by labor or exercise, the 
 blessing of health is found, which may be sought for in 
 vain from any other source. 
 
 The industrious laborer, who is under the necessity of 
 earning his daily sustenance by personal exertion, com- 
 monly enjoys good health. He eats his scanty meal with 
 a good appetite, unassisted by provocatives, which his 
 
EXERCISE. 53 
 
 active and athletic body, by proper exercise, is soon en- 
 abled to digest, and at the return of evening he retires 
 to undisturbed repose, where sound and uninterrupted 
 sleep recompenses for his toil. Health makes his bed 
 easy, and his wearied limbs, recruited by sound repose, 
 fit him for the labor of the ensuing day. As his wants 
 are few, he is nearly a stranger to care and solicitude ; 
 and his progeny are partakers with him in the same in- 
 heritance. 
 
 On the other hand, the sluggard is exposed to a varie- 
 ty of temptations; and that indolence and inactivity 
 are the source of much immorality, we may soon be 
 convinced of by casting our eyes round the world. — 
 They also lay the foundation of many painful diseases ; 
 and at length the mind, as well as the body, dwindles 
 into a state of torpor. 
 
 Indolence impedes the organic functions, undermining 
 the fountains of health, and gradually, but invariably, 
 leads to disease. Accordingly, we find that those per- 
 sons who are o.bliged to labor for their livelihood, are 
 generally strangers to the gout and some other disorders 
 which may be considered as the offsprings of good living 
 and indolence. 
 
 There is no substitute which we can appropriate for 
 the non-observance of this practice. Nothing so effectu- 
 ally prevents indigestion, and, consequently, strengthens 
 the solids, as exercise ; but unless it be duly and proper- 
 ly persevered in, and our bodies daily habituated to it, 
 we can not experience all that benefit which accompanies 
 its use. 
 
 In the formation of our frames, and from the nature 
 of our constitutions, it evidently appears to have been the 
 positive intention of Providence to create in us, for our 
 
54 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 well-being, and absolute necessity for exercise. Our love 
 of motion is surely a strong proof of its utility, and na- 
 ture implants no disposition in vain. 
 
 It seems, moreover, to be a law throughout the whole 
 animal creation, that no creature, without exercise, 
 should enjoy health, or be able to find subsistence. 
 
 Were men to live in an habitual course of exercise and 
 temperance, there would be but little occasion for using 
 medicines. Accordingly, we find that those are most 
 healthy who subsist by the chase ; and that men lived 
 longest when their lives were employed in hunting, and 
 had little food besides what they caught. It has been 
 remarked that all those who have attained a very ad- 
 vanced age, have undergone great labor and fatigue in 
 their younger years ; such was the case with Parr and 
 Jenkins, the two oldest men on record. 
 
 By attention to exercise, the tone and vigor of the 
 body are very much increased; the nervous energy, and 
 also the circulation of the blood, are materially accelerated ; 
 and this increased impetus of the blood through the 
 whole system, produces an effectual determination to the 
 surface of the skin, and a free perspiration is the conse- 
 quence. By the same means the body is disposed to 
 sleep, the appetite is increased, the tone of the stomach 
 and other organs concerned in the process of digestion 
 preserved, and the blood is determined from the interior 
 parts, thereby preventing, as well as removing obstruc- 
 tions, and powerfully obviating any tendency to over- 
 fulness in the system. 
 
 Moreover, by exercise, the spirits are enlivened, as 
 well as the body refreshed ; and it is an undeniable truth, 
 that where it is neglected, the strength and energy of the 
 whole machine gradually fall to decay, and a morbid ir- 
 
EXERCISE. 55 
 
 ritability is induced, with a long train of those unpleas- 
 ant symptoms which usually accompany chronic weak- 
 ness. The natural powers of the stomach and intestines 
 sustain particular injury, the appetite is vitiated, and the 
 bile and other fluids employed by nature in the process 
 of digestion, are very imperfectly secreted, or perhaps 
 considerably obstructed ; the muscular fibres of the body 
 become relaxed and debilitated ; the whole animal econo- 
 my is disordered, and a train of numerous and hypo- 
 chondriacal symptoms, together with gout, apoplexy, 
 palsy, glandular obstructions, and many other complaints 
 incident to inactive, indolent, and sedentary persons, 
 come on. 
 
 Nothing but regular and sufficient exercise in the open 
 air can brace and strengthen the muscles and nerves, or 
 prevent the endless train of diseases which proceed from 
 a relaxed state of these organs. The active and labori- 
 ous are seldom the subjects of nervous disease ; these are 
 the portions of sons of affluence and ease. Riches, in- 
 deed, supply many indulgences, but they are at the same 
 time accompanied by many evils ; and thus are the good 
 and bad things of this life pretty equally balanced. 
 
 Those who wish to enjoy health, should exercise as 
 regularly as they take their food ; they should walk a 
 certain distance in the open air every day, or ride on 
 horseback, and they will find it to their advantage to 
 employ a portion of the day besides in gardening, or 
 some agricultural pursuit. 
 
 The studious, and men of letters more particularly, 
 are required to attend to these points ; for, if study be 
 united with a want of exercise, it infallibly proves injuri- 
 ous to health, and never fails to destroy the appetite and 
 impair digestion ; then costiveness, flatulency, crudities, 
 
56 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 headache, apoplexy, and palsy, are the certain conse- 
 quences. Exertion of the mind and inaction of the hody, 
 when carried to excess, are destructive of the most ro- 
 bust health. An alternate mixture of daily and sufficient 
 exercise, business, and reading, enables us to allow rest? 
 by turns, to the body and the mind, and keep the facul- 
 ties in due equilibrium and in a state of progressive im- 
 provement. 
 
 To render exercise as beneficial as possible, it will be 
 necessary that it be not too violent, and that moderation, 
 both in eating and drinking, accompany it. 
 
 Active exercise soon after eating a full meal, is likely, 
 also, to be injurious; a state of quietude, therefore, for 
 some time after dinner in particular, as being the princi- 
 pal meal with most persons, will be advisable ; but, never- 
 theless, we should not indulge in sleep soon after eating. 
 This custom some people practice, but it is an improper 
 one. 
 
 Exercise certainly gives strength and energy to the 
 body, but it should not be carried too far or continued 
 too long, as it may then be productiv of mischief instead 
 of benefit. It should be gentle and moderate, and, when 
 practicable, be taken in the open air. Another rule 
 necessary to be attended to for rendering exercise advan- 
 tageous is, that due care be taken that the body, when 
 heated, be not suddenly exposed to cold, either by sub- 
 jecting it to currents of air, or fresh breezes, or by drink- 
 ing cold liquors of any kind. In warm climates, exercise 
 should always be taken in the cool of the day, particularly 
 in the morning. 
 
 Females are so confined by domestic labor, that they 
 seldom have much exercise in the open air, which is 
 calculated to make them sickly; besides, they are in 
 
CLOTHING — CLIMATE. 57 
 
 general so over-burthened with work, that their consti- 
 tutions often become broken by over exertion, and hence 
 experience little besides care, vexation, and ill health, 
 the accompaniments of such habits. They are made 
 slaves, either from necessity or choice, and mostly 
 from the latter. Now this is wrong, and was never in- 
 tended by our Creator ; and, to obviate it, they should 
 obey the command of the Apostle, " Be careful for noth- 
 ing," and simply attend to those duties which are indis- 
 pensably necessary, and, if too great, procure assistance. 
 As regards exercise, females should make it a part of 
 their deity to labor as much as possible in the open air, 
 and, instead of sitting so much, exercise the whole body 
 in some manner ; if in no other way, by walking or riding, 
 daily ; and in the summer season they should work at 
 least two hours in the kitchen or the flower garden 
 every day. Even the practice of the Indian women ex- 
 cels us in this respect. How much has civilization done 
 for us? 
 
 CLOTHING. 
 
 Those who wish to pay a due regard to their health, 
 must attend to their clothing. It should be adapted to 
 the climate, the season of the year, age, etc. 
 
 CLIMATE. 
 
 The principal object of clothing is to preserve a right 
 temperature of the body. Hence persons in very cold 
 climates require much more clothing than those in warm. 
 Custom or habit, however, has a great influence. 
 
 The natives of this country live throughout the most 
 rigorous winters almost without any clothing, while we 
 apparently experience more suffering with a very great 
 quantity of clothing. 
 
58 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 AGE. 
 
 Youth, in consequence of the rapid circulation of the 
 blood, requires less clothing than middle and old age. 
 
 SEASON. 
 
 The dress should be adapted to the season of the year, 
 as every one knows that winter requires much more 
 clothing than summer. But the greatest caution is nec- 
 essary to make the change very gradually. "Woolen 
 garments should be put on early in the fall, and worn 
 late in the spring. This is the more necessary, by reason 
 of the sudden and great changes of our climate; one 
 day the thermometer rises to a hundred, and the nex 
 it sinks to forty, which racks the constitution, and proves 
 very destructive to health. These vicissitudes must be 
 guarded against by proper clothing, which never should 
 be very thin, even in midsummer. 
 
 FASHION AND FIGURE. 
 
 More consequence is now attached to figure and form 
 than to health and convenience. Persons must dress 
 fashionably, no matter how ridiculous or dangerous it 
 may prove. Hence, fashion and shape are continually 
 changing, without regard to health, climate, or comfort. 
 In order to reduce the body to a fine shape, the stomach 
 and bowels are squeezed into as narrow a compass as 
 possible. By this reprehensible practice, digestion, faint- 
 ing, coughs, consumption, and other complaints, are pro- 
 duced. 
 
 BANDAGING, ETC. 
 
 Grarters, when drawn too tight, not only prevent the 
 free motion and use of the parts about which they are 
 bound, but likewise obstruct the circulation of the blood, 
 which prevents the equal nourishment and growth of 
 
QUANTITY OF CLOTHING. 59 
 
 these parts, and occasions various diseases. Tight 
 bandages about the neck, as stocks, cravats, necklaces, 
 etc., are extremely dangerous. They obstruct the blood 
 in its course from the brain, by which means headaches, 
 vertigoes, apoplexies, and other fatal diseases, are often 
 occasioned. 
 
 QUANTITY OF CLOTHING. 
 
 A judicious physician, in speaking upon this subject, 
 has the following excellent remarks : " Robust persons 
 are able to endure cold better than the delicate, and, 
 consequently, may clothe the lighter ; but the precise 
 quantity of apparel which may be necessary for any per- 
 son cannot be determined by reasoning — it must be en- 
 tirely a matter of experience, and every person is the 
 best judge for him or herself, what quantity of clothes 
 is necessary to keep him or her sufficiently warm and 
 comfortable. The state so nearly approaching absolute 
 nudity, in which fashionable females now make their ap- 
 pearance in public, is not only highly indecent, but must 
 be very destructive to their health and personal comfort. 
 
 " While treating on clothing, I would recommend to 
 every person to be careful in observing that their clothes 
 are properly dried previous to being put on. This pre- 
 caution will be particularly necessary in the winter 
 months, as washer women are then obliged to dry chiefly 
 by the heat of a fire, and this is apt to be very imperfect- 
 ly done. Many lives are annually sacrificed by persons 
 putting on damp linen, as well as by sleeping in sheets 
 not properly dried. 
 
 " Due care should be taken to change the stockings 
 and other clothing as speedily as possible after their 
 becoming wet by exposure to inclement weather, rain. 
 
60 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 snow, etc. Many persons are so imprudent as to neglect 
 this very necessary change, and to suffer their clothes, 
 after such an exposure, to dry on them, assisted, probably, 
 by going near a fire for some time ; but such a practice 
 is always attended with risk, and not unfrequently gives 
 rise either to rheumatism, fevers, pleurisy, coughs, con- 
 sumption, or some other disease of a dangerous or even 
 fatal nature." 
 
 KIND OF DRESS. 
 
 I shall say but little upon the kind of clothing that 
 ought to be worn, but leave this part of the subject to 
 the good sense of the reader to determine. I would 
 merely add, that such articles must be used as will render 
 the temperature of the body as uniform as possible, by 
 keeping up a due degree of perspiration. Nothing con- 
 tributes more to this than flannel. 
 
 Imprudent persons have lost their lives by taking off 
 their flannel too early in the spring, merely because a 
 day or two of warm weather commenced, which render- 
 ed it a little unpleasant. If it is not worn constantly, 
 it should at least be continued till the beginning of sum- 
 mer, and again put on by the first of September, especi- 
 ally in this latitude. 
 
 In the sultry days of summer, every precaution should 
 be taken that the body be not suddenly exposed to cold, 
 when overheated by exercise, by throwing off a portion 
 of the clothing, as is customary with many. 
 
 It is lamentable to see the great departure there is now 
 from the former modes of dress, as well as in other 
 things. Our ancestors were in the practice of dressing 
 very warm and comfortable — stout cloaks, thick shoes, 
 etc., — and they, in consequence, were healthy. In these 
 
CLEANLINESS. 61 
 
 days it is the reverse. By the present mode or fashion 
 in dress, thousands of females are injured, if not killed. 
 In concluding this chapter, I will quote the remarks 
 of Buchan on this subject: "Nothing," says he, "can 
 be more ridiculous than for any one to make himself a 
 slave to fine clothes. Such a one, and many such there 
 are, would rather remain as fixed as a statute from morn- 
 ing till night, than discompose a single hair, or alter the 
 position of a pin. Were we to recommend any particu- 
 lar pattern of dress, it would be that which is worn by 
 the people called Quakers. They are always neat, clean, 
 and often elegant, without anything superfluous. What 
 others lay out upon tawdy laces, ruffles, and ribbond, 
 they bestow upon superior cleanliness. Finery is only 
 the affectation of dress,- and very often covers a great 
 deal of dirt. 
 
 DISEASE OCCASIONED BY THE WANT OF CLEANLINESS. 
 
 Many complaints are caused by want of cleanliness. 
 Fevers, dysenteries, and diseases of the skin, often arise 
 from filth, and they may be mitigated or cured by a strict 
 regard to cleanliness. 
 
 FILTHY PERSONS AND APARTMENTS. 
 
 It is well known that the itch and vermin attack those 
 whose apartments and persons are filthy, by which they 
 become a common nuisance. Some of the inhabitants 
 of the lower classes of persons, particularly of our cities, 
 are so dirty that the most disagreeable and fetid affluvia 
 is emitted from them. If such persons are too indolent 
 to remove the filth about them, ought not magistrates to 
 interfere and cause it to be done ? 
 
 A writer has the following judicious remarks upon this 
 
62 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 subject: "In many great towns the streets are little 
 better than dung-bills, being frequently covered with 
 ashes, dung, and nastiness of every kind. Even slaughter- 
 houses are often to be seen in the very centre of great 
 cities. The putrid blood, excrements, etc., with which 
 these places are generally covered, cannot fail to taint 
 the air and render it unwholesome. How easy might 
 this be prevented by active magistrates, who have it 
 always in their power to make proper laws relative to 
 things of this nature, and to force the observance of 
 them." 
 
 Whatever pretensions people may make to learning, 
 politeness, or civilization, we will venture to affirm, that 
 while they neglect cleanliness, they are in a state of bar- 
 barity. 
 
 "In ancient Eome the greatest men did not think 
 cleanliness an object unworthy of their attention. Pliny 
 says the Cloace, or common servers for the conveyance 
 of filth and nastiness from the city, were the greatest of 
 all public works, and bestows higher encomiums upon 
 Tarquinius, Agrippia, and others who made and improv- 
 ed them, than those who achieved the greatest conquests." 
 
 Some of the most dreadful diseases incident to human 
 nature might, in my opinion, be entirely eradicated by 
 cleanliness. 
 
 PERSONAL CLEANLINESS. 
 
 " Personal cleanliness," says a writer, " is chiefly ef- 
 fected by a frequent change of dress, but is much increas- 
 ed by ablutions of different parts of the body daily with 
 water. Of these the head, face, and mouth, as well as 
 the hands and feet, claim our attention. From neglect- 
 ing to keep the mouth and teeth, properly cleaned, 
 
PERSONAL CLEANLINESS. 63 
 
 the breath is apt to acquire a disagreeable taint. The 
 teeth ought, therefore, to be cleansed after every meal, 
 as the refuse of the food naturally settles about them, 
 and in consequence of heat, rapidly becomes more 
 putrid, and in this state proves injurious to them as well 
 as the gums. Every morning the tongue should be 
 cleansed, and the throat be well gurgled and washed out 
 with water. 
 
 " The teeth are apt to become incrusted with tartar, 
 which in time very much injures the enamel with which 
 they are coated externally ; it should not, therefore, be 
 suffered to collect, but be removed from time to time. 
 They should be washed every morning with a small 
 piece of sponge, or very soft brush, dipped in cold water, 
 joining occasionally the powder of fresh prepared char- 
 coal. If any of the teeth have a tendency to caries or 
 rottenness, or the gums are spongy and bleed, the mouth 
 may be washed with the tincture of myrrh. 
 
 " Attention to the feet is also very necessary, particu- 
 larly in warm weather, and with those who, from a pe- 
 cularity of constitution, have them very moist. The 
 perspiration proceeding from them in hot weather and 
 after much walking, emits a very disagreeable smell ; 
 they ought, therefore, to be frequently washed. Great 
 cleanliness by daily ablutions of the feet and the change 
 of stockings, are not only the most convenient, «but the 
 most salutary means of preventing all unpleasant odors." 
 
 The most rigid cleanliness must also be observed during 
 sickness. The clothes of the person must be frequently 
 changed, everything offensive removed, and the apart- 
 ment must be kept perfectly clean. 
 
 Mechanics and those who are under the necessity of 
 working where there is constant dirt and filth, ought to 
 
64 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 wash themselves and change their clothing as often as 
 possible. They should frequently bathe, both in the 
 summer and the winter season. 
 
 " For the purpose," says Dr. Thomas, " of recruiting 
 the waste daily produced in the human body, and en- 
 abling it to perform every function properly, nature has 
 wisely and beneficially determined that an adequate reno- 
 vation should succeed this exhaustion by alternate periods 
 of sleep and watching. 
 
 " An insufficient quantity of sleep exhausts the spirits 
 and produces headache, anxiety of mind, and moroseness 
 of temper; moreover, it debilitates the nervous system. 
 On the contrary, too great an indulgence in sleep is also 
 injurious, as the muscular motions are thereby debilitated, 
 the nerves and other fibres become relaxed or torpid, 
 and a state of indolent stupidity supervenes, which is 
 not thrown oif the whole day ; added to which, that 
 sprightliness of life and vivacity are wanting which are 
 usually the consequences of early rising. It is evident, 
 therefore, that sleep requires some regulation as well as 
 our diet. A habit of retiring soon to rest and of rising 
 early appears to be very favorable to the development of 
 the powers and the preservation of health. • Those who 
 lie half of the day in bed become effeminate and ener- 
 vated, and they soon lose that activity which, properly 
 directed, can alone confer value on life. 
 
 " It would appear that six hours' sleep every night is 
 sufficient for any adult person during the summer, who 
 is in health, and in winter about seven, or, at the most, 
 eight. Those who indulge for nine or ten hours in bed 
 are commonly wakeful or restless during the forepart of 
 
65 
 
 the night, and when they ought to rise, sink to rest and 
 slumber on till r oon ; by which imprudent" conduct even 
 the strongest constitution will eventually be injured. 
 
 " Nothing, however, more certainly destroys the con- 
 stitution than that of sitting up a great part of the 
 night and lying in bed the pleasantest and most healthy 
 part of the day, as is too much the custom with those 
 who lead a fashionable life, thereby converting night 
 into day and day into night. This plan of proceeding 
 is sure to injure the health of its votaries, and to shorten 
 the natural period of life, and it will undermine the 
 strongest constitution, even if accompanied with habits 
 of regularity in other respects ; but how much more de- 
 structive must its effects be, when conjoined with intoxi- 
 cation, gambling, sensuality, and other midnight excesses ! 
 Persons of athletic bodies may probably bear up for a 
 time under late hours and intemperance, but the delicate 
 and weak must unavoidably fall very soon martyrs to 
 such indiscretions. 
 
 " It is indeed melancholy to observe among the votaries 
 of fashion and dissipation, the ill effects produced on 
 their constitutions by their* midnight revels. Let any 
 person view their pallid countenances, where color is 
 not resorted to, as well as their ghastly forms, and they 
 will be well satisfied that inverting the established order 
 of things, by turning night into day, soon robs the 
 blooming cheek of its roses and lilies, brings on early de- 
 cay in process of time, and destroys the most vigorous 
 frames. 
 
 " We should avoid sleeping in those apartments where 
 
 we live during the day, and for a bed-chamber, make 
 
 choice of a spacious room exposed to the sun, and can 
 
 have the windows open in the daytime for the admission 
 
 5 
 
66 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 of pure air and the dispersion of vapors collected during 
 the night. To secure ourselves from the effects of a 
 vitiated atmosphere, we ought also to take care that the 
 beds are well shaken up every morning ; and that these, 
 as well as the bed-clothes, are freely exposed for a due 
 length of time to the air. 
 
 " Children may always be allowed to take as much 
 sleep as they please, but it is a very different case with 
 adults of a youthful age. Quietude and repose, how- 
 ever, best becomes the constitutions of those who are far 
 advanced in years, since the spring of life in them are 
 rather weakened than invigorated by excessive action 
 and want of sufficient sleep. 
 
 " The best way of making sleep refreshing, is to take 
 proper exercise through the day ; to avoid strong infu- 
 sions of tea or coffee in the evening ; to make a very 
 light supper, at least an hour or two before retiring to 
 rest, where such a meal is indispensably necessary; to go 
 early to bed ; to lie down with a mind as serene and 
 cheerful as possible, placing the body in the position 
 which is most congenial to the feelings and habits of the 
 individual; and to rise betimes in the morning, for it 
 has been observed that the most of those who have at- 
 tained a great age, have generally been early risers. It 
 must, however, be understood that although early rising 
 and activity are conducive to health, they should, never- 
 theless, be regulated by the state of bodily strength, the 
 season of the year, and the habitual exertions of the 
 mind. 
 
 " Too much exercise will prevent sleep as well as too 
 little. We very seldom hear, however, of the active and 
 laborious complaining of restless nights ; it is the indo- 
 lent and slothful who are generally incommoded with 
 
TRANSITION FROM HEAT TO COLD. 67 
 
 these complaints. The laborer enjoys more real luxury 
 in sound sleep and plain food than he who fares sumptu- 
 ously and reposes on downy pillows, where due exercise 
 is wanting. 
 
 " Light suppers are also necessary to sound sleep ; and 
 many there are who experience uneasy and restless 
 nights, if they commit the least excess at that meal ; and 
 when they do fall asleep, the load and oppression on their 
 stomachs occasion frightful dreams, the night-mare, bro- 
 ken and disturbed rest. 
 
 "Those who follow intellectual pursuits with im- 
 moderate ardor, exhaust their powers, and speedily are 
 visited by premature old age. Shun, therefore, close 
 meditation and intense study by night. 
 
 "Anxiety of mind and intense thinking are almost 
 certain to prevent sound sleep ; and, therefore, we should 
 endeavor to preserve tranquility of mind, and banish 
 anxious thoughts as much as possible, w T hen we retire to 
 rest, calling in the aid of philosophy to bear with due 
 fortitude and resignation those ills which we cannot 
 prevent. 
 
 " He that goes to bed early at night will, in general, 
 be desirous of rising betimes in the morning; moreover, 
 he that accustoms himself to an early hour for retiring 
 to rest, can rarely join in Bacchanalian revels or in the 
 fashionable dissipations of high life ; his sleep is not dis- 
 turbed by the effects of unseasonable luxury ; his slumbers 
 are sound and refreshing, and he rises with cheerfulness 
 and fresh acquired vigor, to breathe the morning air and 
 commence the duties of the day." 
 
 TRANSITION FROM HEAT TO COLD. 
 
 Most of our diseases arise from a sudden transition 
 from heat to cold. 
 
68 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 The sudden application of cold to the body in a state 
 of perspiration, cannot but be fraught with danger. The 
 pores become closed, perspirable matter retained, which 
 proves a source of irritation to the system, and soon ter- 
 minates in a departure from health ; and this is generally 
 brought about by a sudden transition from a high to a 
 low degree of temperature. The system is capable of 
 undergoing an intense degree of cold, when it is gradu- 
 ally brought under the influence of it, but when it is 
 suddenly applied, such a shock is given to the body that 
 it rarely escapes without receiving injury, from which 
 we may infer the great necessity of care and caution 
 against sudden transition from heat to cold. A sensible 
 writer thus remarks upon this subject : 
 
 " By cold air the human body is considerably contract- 
 ed and rendered more compact ; which is very obvious, 
 by observing that the same clothing which in summer 
 sits tight, will, in the winter, be too large. In proportion, 
 therefore, as the external heat is diminished, it would 
 appear nature intended that the internal heat should be in- 
 creased thereby. In winter the blood is much disposed to 
 inflammation, and, becoming in some measure obstructed 
 in its passage through the lungs, produces coughs, pleurisy, 
 inflammation of the organs of respiration, rheumatism, 
 and inflammatory sore throat. By paying attention, how- 
 ever, to a proper degree of clothing, and taking partic- 
 ular care that a due proportion of exercise be not ne- 
 glected, cold may be rendered less hurtful to the body, 
 and the risk of incurring these dangerous complaints in 
 a great measure be obviated." 
 
 The effects of extreme cold are, however, sometimes 
 destructive to the human frame, as, in northern countries, 
 persons have been known to drop down suddenly, and 
 
TRANSITION FROM HEAT TO COLD. 69 
 
 be deprived of life without any previous symptoms of 
 disease. The loss of various parts of the body in per- 
 sons of the most healthy constitution, by the effects of 
 extreme cold, is well known. The toes, fingers, lips and 
 nose are frequently so far exposed to its effects as to in- 
 duce a mortification in those parts. 
 
 There is no change throughout nature so pernicious, 
 either to animal or vegetable bodies, than that from ex- 
 treme heat to intense cold, or from freezing to thawing, 
 and the opposite of these. 
 
 Hence it has been observed that irritating coughs are 
 never so prevalent as when there are sudden alterations 
 of the weather, and when the air, after having be en very 
 cold, suddenly becomes warm and damp, and after that 
 assumes a considerable degree of coldness again. These 
 transitions occasion a smaller quantity of matter to be 
 thrown off by perspiration, and the lodgment of a greater 
 proportion of fluids upon the internal parts, which be- 
 come loaded and obstructed ; hence catarrhs, diarrhoea, 
 and many other diseases. 
 
 When an ordinary change of external temperature 
 is made gradually, such is the constitution of the healthy 
 human frame that it bears it with impunity ; but when 
 it happens more rapidly, danger arises proportioned to 
 the suddenness of the event. 
 
 -The most dangerous, however, of all, are those rapid 
 and violent fluctuations which arise from the artificial 
 modes of influencing temperature by the close rooms 
 and fires of refined life, as also by the clothing. There 
 are many thoughtless persons who will rush out into the 
 freezing air from a room heated to the temperature of 
 India, or after having been warmly clad throughout the 
 day, will go out into the cold damp air of night in the 
 
70 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 flimsy dress of a ball-room, with their bosoms uncovered, 
 and their neck and shoulders perfectly bare ; for such is 
 the prevailing fashion among women nearly of all ages. 
 They are never more dressed, according to their 
 ideas, than when thus equipped for some place of amuse- 
 ment, although, in fact, they very nearly approach a 
 state of nudity. It is by such imprudences, and the 
 changes of temperature to which they become liable, 
 that so many thousands are annually cut off by one 
 disease or another, but particularly by pulmonary con- 
 sumption. 
 
 But we are now so accustomed to hear of colds, coughs, 
 consumptions, rheumatisms, and a long train of other 
 diseases of a similar nature, that we have almost been 
 brought to consider them as necessary attendants of our 
 situations, the unavoidable scourges of our climate and 
 land, the existence of which we may deplore, but against 
 which it is almost useless to employ any precaution. It 
 is a positive fact, however, that most of our winter mal- 
 adies derive their origin from sudden and considerable 
 vicissitudes of temperature, and may, perhaps, be avoid- 
 ed by paying due attention to the following rules, viz : to 
 keep the temperature of the atmosphere which surrounds 
 us as uniform as possible, and when a change is unavoid- 
 able, to make it gradually, and not suddenly. A due 
 regard should, therefore, be paid to our clothing and 
 management in other respects. On quitting our houses, 
 or coming out of a crowded place of public resort, in 
 cold weather, persons of a delicate constitution will 
 find it much to their advantage to pay attention to the 
 changing of their clothes according to the vicissitudes 
 of the season, or even, indeed, to those of the same day, 
 
WET CLOTHES. 71 
 
 proportioning not only the quality, but the quantity 
 thereto. 
 
 As our bodies are readily acted upon by every sudden 
 change of weather, as from heat to cold, and the reverse 
 of this, every precaution should be taken for the pur- 
 pose of preventing any sudden check to perspiration; 
 and it should be a fixed rule to avoid all rapid transitions 
 from one extreme to another, and never remove from a 
 room which is highly heated, to a cold air or fresh breeze, 
 while the body remains warm, or till the necessary change 
 by additional clothing has been previously made. If, at 
 any time, the body should be greatly heated during the 
 warm weather, it will be sure to suffer by going into a 
 cellar, ice-house or cold bath, or even by sitting on cold 
 stones, or ground that is damp. Severe colds, pul- 
 monary consumption, rheumatism, and many other mal- 
 adies of a severe nature, have been brought on by such 
 imprudence, and even speedy death has been the result 
 of such a transgression. " Avoid a stream of wind or 
 air, especially while in perspiration, as you would an 
 arrow. " 
 
 WET CLOTHES. 
 
 Another writer, treating on obstructed perspiration, 
 has the following pertinent remarks : " Wet clothes, not 
 only by their coldness obstruct the perspiration, but their 
 moisture, by being absorbed or taken up into the body, 
 greatly increases the danger. The most robust constitu- 
 tion is not proof against the danger arising from wet 
 clothes; they daily occasion fevers, rheumatisms, and 
 other fatal disorders, even in the young and healthy. 
 
 It is impossible for people who go frequently abroad 
 to avoid sometimes being wet, but the danger might 
 
72 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 generally be lessened, if not wholly prevented, by chang- 
 ing their clothes soon ; when this cannot be done, they 
 should keep in motion till they are dry. So far from 
 taking this precaution, many often sit or lie down in 
 the fields with their clothes wet, and sometimes sleep 
 even whole nights in this condition. The numerous in- 
 stances which we have of the fatal effects of this con- 
 duct, ought certainly to deter all from being guilty of it. 
 The erroneous and pernicious practice of persons wear- 
 ing their clothes when wet, that they may dry upon their 
 persons, is so prevalent that I deem it necessary to cau- 
 tion all against it. There is a prevailing idea among the 
 laboring class — men who, by their occupations, are ex- 
 posed to the wet and damp of the seasons — that it is 
 better to dry their garments on their bodies than to take 
 them off*. The idea, I can only say, is simply ridiculous, 
 so much so, that it should never be entertained. 
 
 WET EEET. 
 
 "Wet feet often occasion fatal diseases. The colic, in- 
 flammations of the breast and of the bowels, cholera mor- 
 bus, etc., are often the results of wet feet. 
 
 Habit will no doubt render this less dangerous ; but 
 it ought, as far as possible, to be avoided. The delicate, 
 and those who are not accustomed to have their clothes 
 or feet wet, should be extremely careful in this respect. 
 
 NIGHT AIR. 
 
 The perspiration is often obstructed by night air; 
 even in summer this should be avoided. The dews which 
 fall plentifully after the hottest day, make the night more 
 dangerous than when the weather is cool. Hence, in 
 warm countries, the evening dews are more hurtful than 
 
DAMP BEDS. 73 
 
 where the climate is more temperate. It is very agree- 
 able after a warm day to be abroad in a cool evening ; but 
 this is a pleasure to be avoided by all who value their 
 health. The effects of the evening dews are gradual, 
 indeed, and almost imperceptible ; but they are not the 
 less to be dreaded. We would therefore advise travelers, 
 laborers, and all who are much heated by day, carefully 
 to avoid them. When the perspiration has been great, 
 these become dangerous in proportion. By not attend- 
 ing to this, in flat, marshy countries, where the exhala- 
 tions and dews are copious, laborers are often seized 
 with intermittant fevers, quinsies, and other dangerous 
 diseases. 
 
 DAMP BEDS. 
 
 Beds become damp either from their not being used, 
 standing in damp houses or in rooms without fire, or 
 from the muslin not being dry when laid on the bed. 
 Nothing is more to be dreaded by travelers than damp 
 beds, which are very common in all places where fuel is 
 scarce. When a traveler, cold and wet, arrives at an inn, 
 he may, by means of a good fire, warm, diluted liquor, 
 and a dry bed, have the perspiration restored ; but if he 
 be put into a cold room and laid in a damp bed, the ob- 
 struction will be increased, and the worst consequences 
 will ensue. Travelers should avoid inns which are noted 
 for damp beds, as they would a house infected with the 
 plague. 
 
 But inns are not the only places where damp beds are 
 to be met with. Beds kept in private families for the 
 reception of strangers, are often equally dangerous. All 
 kinds of linen and bedding, when not frequently used, 
 become damp. How, then, is it possible that beds which 
 
74 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 are not slept in more than two or three times a year, 
 should be safe ? Nothing is more common than to hear 
 people complain of having caught cold by changing their 
 bed. The reason is obvious ; were they careful never to 
 sleep in a bed that had not been recently used, they 
 would seldom find any ill consequences from a change. 
 
 No linen or muslin, especially if washed in winter, 
 ought to be used till exposed for some time to the fire ; 
 nor is this operation less necessary for sheets washed in 
 summer, provided they have lain for any length of time. 
 This caution is the more needful, as persons are often 
 exceedingly attentive to what they eat or drink at an 
 inn, yet pay no regard to a circumstance of much more 
 importance. Muslin sheets are much more healthy than 
 linen ones. 
 
 If a person suspects that his bed is damp, the simple 
 precaution of taking off the sheets and lying in the 
 blankets, with all, or most of his clothes on, will prevent 
 the ill consequences that might otherwise ensue. I have 
 practiced this for many years, and never have been hurt 
 by damp beds, though no constitution without care is 
 proof against their baneful influence. 
 
 FEATHER BEDS. 
 
 There is probably not a single disease that we are not 
 more strongly predisposed to, and which, when actually 
 existing, is not in some measure aggravated by the use 
 of feather beds. 
 
 Mattresses made of hair, straw, moss, Minilla grass, 
 husks, hay, or sweet balsam, are incomparably more 
 favorable to health and comfort than feather beds. 
 
 DAMP HOUSES. 
 
 Damp houses are generally productive of ill results, 
 
EVACUATIONS OR EXCRETIONS. 75 
 
 for this reason : Those who build should be careful to 
 choose a dry situation. A house which stands on a damp, 
 marshy soil or deep clay, will never be thoroughly dry. 
 All houses, unless where the ground is exceedingly 
 dry, should have the first floor a little raised. 
 
 Servants and others who are obliged to live in cellars 
 and sunk stories, seldom continue long in health. 
 
 EVACUATIONS OR EXCRETIONS. 
 
 The state of our health is materially influenced by the 
 excretions or evacuations of the body. Nature has pro- 
 vided certain outlets for the purpose of carrying off 
 morbific and extraneous matter, which, if retained too 
 long, injures the health. 
 
 BOWELS. 
 
 It is scarcely necessary to say that costiveness is the 
 cause of many complaints. 
 
 When the excrements are too long retained in the 
 bowels, they contaminate the fluids, and seldom fail to 
 prove injurious. 
 
 The bowels, therefore, should be kept regular. We 
 cannot precisely determine how often they should be 
 moved in a given length of time, as this depends upon 
 the constitution, habit, state of the health, and other 
 causes. As a general rule, however, once in twenty-four 
 hours is sufficient, and two days at farthest ; but there 
 are instances where persons are so imprudent as to suffer 
 their bowels to become so constipated that nothing is 
 discharged in one or two weeks. 
 
 This is a very dangers practice. Some persons, from 
 a torpid state of the stomach and intestines, want of 
 exercise, etc., are habitually costive, causing flatulence, 
 swelling of the abdomen, loss of appetite, headache, de- 
 
76 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 bility, nervous diseases, and sometimes convulsions. To 
 those I would recommend such, a course of treatment, 
 diet, and exercise as will restore a regular action of the 
 bowels. Most persons continually take physic for this 
 state of the system, which injures the tone of the stom- 
 ach and intestines, and, after a while, rather aggravates 
 than removes the cause. 
 
 Young females, and all who lead a sedentary life, are 
 liable to costiveness, which lays the foundation for many 
 diseases. Mothers and others who have the care of chil- 
 dren, ought to pay great attention to this matter, for they 
 may rest assured that it cannot be neglected without 
 much hazard to the health and life of the young. 
 
 REMEDY FOR HABITUAL COSTIVENESS. 
 
 A mild purgative may first be administered to remove 
 the accumulation of feculent matter, and occasionally 
 repeated, until costiveness can be removed by other 
 means. After the operation of the physic, recourse must 
 be had to proper diet. ■ Nothing of a binding or heating 
 nature must be taken ; but, on the contrary, that kind 
 which possesses loosening properties, such as fruit 
 of various kinds, raisins, prunes, figs, dried peaches, ap- 
 ples, whortleberries, etc.; and particularly the coarse 
 bread already spoken of. I have found corn bread the 
 best regulator of my bowels. Those who are habitually 
 costive will derive great benefit from a tumbler of cider 
 before breakfast in the morning. 
 
 Says Andrew Combe in his Treatise on Physiology : 
 "Neither the stomach nor the bowels are adapted in 
 structure for very concentrated food, as meat, jellies, etc. 
 Such articles cannot be long used with advantage. 
 Brown and rye bread and fruits are in repute for redeem- 
 
THE LIVER. 77 
 
 ing a costive habit of body, arid their usefulness is ex- 
 plicable on the same principle. They leave a large > 
 residue to be thrown out of the system, and this residue 
 forms the natural stimulus of the bowels, and, conse- 
 quently, excites them to purer action." 
 
 A dog fed on bread made of superfine flour will live 
 but fifty days; whereas, a dog fed on unbolted wheat 
 flour, will continue in good health. Do we need any 
 other proof than this of the injurious effects of common 
 bread ? 
 
 It is stated, upon good authority, that the following 
 simple article is a remedy for costiveness : 
 
 Begin with one new laid egg, raw, to which add three 
 times its bulk of water, and beat it thirty minutes. Take 
 it in the morning, and one or two more in the day. In- 
 crease to three at a time, as the stomach will bear. It 
 gradually removes the complaint. In cases where the 
 bowels are very costive, injections of warm water are 
 excellent. 
 
 THE LIVER. 
 
 The state and quantity of the bile must be attended 
 to, in order to preserve health. The bile, in a vitiated 
 state, or when not duly secreted, is sometimes obstructed 
 in the liver and gall-bladder, and becomes a source of 
 dyspepsia, constipation, and nervous complaints, jaun- 
 dice, etc. When this is the case, or when a person is 
 possessed of a bilious habit, it should be corrected prin- 
 cipally by diet. All high-seasoned food and meats must 
 be avoided, and vegetables substituted. Exercise should 
 by no means be neglected ; and one meal of victuals daily 
 omitted. One or two anti-bilious pills may be daily 
 taken, if a course of regimen should not prove effectual. 
 
78 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 The neutralizing cordial might be used, which is very 
 good. 
 
 KIDNEYS. 
 
 The kidneys perform an important office, which, if 
 suspended or imperfectly performed, will effect the 
 health, by inducing inflammation of the kidneys, drop- 
 sies, etc. When there is a disposition to pass the urine 
 more frequently than usual, and when there is but a 
 small quantity voided at a time, it is evident that there 
 is some derangement in the animal economy. Persons 
 in this case should immediately resort to the use of such 
 medicines as stimulate the kidneys, and cause them to 
 secrete a larger quantity of urine, or, in other words, to - 
 perform their office. An infusion of parsley, whortle- 
 berries, marsh-mallows, and other similar drinks, should 
 be freely taken. Should there be, however, too great a 
 quantity of urine emitted, it will constitute a disease 
 termed diabetes, which requires an opposite course of 
 treatment. If this be the case, as little drink as possible 
 should be taken, and those of a tonic and stringent na- 
 ture, such as a decoction of the bark of the wild cherry 
 tree and beth root. 
 
 Some, who are styled urine doctors, pretend to know 
 and cure diseases by the inspection of the urine alone. 
 But this is impossible. So many things tend to change 
 the quality and quantity of urine, as to render it alto- 
 gether an uncertain criterion with respect to health or 
 disease. 
 
 THE SKIN. 
 
 Perspiration constitutes the greatest of all the dis- 
 charges from the body. Sanctorius, an Italian physician, 
 was the first that directed the attention of the faculty to 
 
THE SKIN. 79 
 
 the cutaneous and pulmonary transpiration, which he 
 proved to exceed the other secretions considerably in 
 weight ; and he maintained that this function must have 
 a considerable influence on the system, and was deserving 
 of great consideration in the treatment of diseases. 
 From this we may learn what effects must follow its ob- 
 structions. Eo doubt more complaints arise from re- 
 tained perspirable matter than from any other cause. It 
 therefore becomes of vast importance to keep up a reg- 
 ular and constant perspiration, for want of a due atten- 
 tion to which, thousands of lives are annually sacrificed. 
 
 " Whatever gives a sudden check to perspiration," says 
 Thomas, "may be productive of very injurious conse- 
 quences, and should, therefore, be carefully guarded 
 against, as many persons annually fall a sacrifice to not 
 paying proper attention to the various causes from which 
 perspiration may become obstructed ; one of the most 
 common of which is, taking or catching cold, as it is 
 more usually called." 
 
 By sudden transition from heat to cold, either from 
 changeableness of the weather, the state of the atmos- 
 phere, going immediately from a hot room into the cold 
 air, or throwing off some part of the clothing when 
 heated by exercise, the perspiration is very apt to be ob- 
 structed ; and colds, coughs, and inflammation of the 
 lungs are the usual effects of such conduct. Drinking 
 freely of cold water, or any other small liquor, when 
 the body is heated, is not only injudicious, but fraught 
 with many ill consequences. Damp houses and damp 
 beds or linen ; exposure to night air, especially in hot 
 countries; not changing clothes quickly after their get- 
 ting wet, and continuing to wear stockings, shoes, or 
 boots which are saturated with water, exposing the feet 
 
80 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 thereby to cold, are all likely to be attended with inju- 
 rious consequences, by occasioning obstructed perspira- 
 tion. The same will happen by throwing open a window 
 when the room is hot, and sitting in or near it, so as to 
 be exposed to a current of air. 
 
 Some are so imprudent or fool-hardy as to bathe them- 
 selves in cold water when considerably heated by walk- 
 ing, dancing, or the like exercises ; and by such conduct 
 have been soon attacked with some dreadful disease or 
 other. In some instances, death has been the result. 
 
 I shall here give rules to persue, when perspiration 
 has been obstructed from any cause. If the clothes have 
 been wet, they should be immediately taken off", and dry 
 ones substituted. The feet must be immediately bathed 
 in warm water, and a glass of gin sling or todcly taken 
 as hot as possible, or a glass of the tonic wine bitters, 
 which is excellent in those cases where perspiration has 
 been checked. After which, an infusion of tea of some 
 medical plant may be taken, such as sage, mint, catnip, 
 pennyroyal, hyssop, etc. This course will restore per- 
 spiration, and prevent dangerous, if not fatal, diseases. 
 This is much better than sending for a common physi- 
 cian, to be bled, blistered, and mercurialized. 
 
 BATHS. 
 
 Baths of various descriptions are now so generally re- 
 sorted to for pleasure or the cure of disease, that it be- 
 comes very important to consider their effect upon the 
 human system in a medical point of view. They are at- 
 tended either with considerable advantage or much injury 
 to all who use them. Many have been cured, others 
 injured, by them, and all which must be attributed to 
 their indiscriminate use, the disease, or the circumstances 
 
BATHS. 81 
 
 under which they have been used. We shall now men- 
 tion the different kinds, and the different complaints in 
 which they prove beneficial, and in which injurious. They 
 are denominated: Cold, "Warm, Hot, Vapor, Sulphur, 
 and Shower. 
 
 The Cold Bath. — The cold bath consists of water, either 
 fresh or salt, in its natural degree of heat, or it may be 
 made colder by art. The temperature of it, in general, 
 varies from thirty-two to sixty-five degrees of Fahren- 
 heit's thermometer. Sea water and the water of ponds 
 and rivers are very similar in their effects ; but sea water 
 is preferable, from the stimulating effects of the salt with 
 which it is impregnated. 
 
 In treating of the cold bath, we wish it expressly un- 
 derstood, that the temperature of the water suitable for 
 bathing in general must be similar to that of our bays 
 and rivers in the summer months. A sensation of com- 
 fort and some degree of warmth must be experienced a 
 moment after immersion. A sensation of chilliness, on 
 the contrary, is an evidence that the temperature of the 
 water is too cold. 
 
 Cold bathing may be used in the following complaints : 
 Fevers, chronic rheumatism, hysterics, hypochondria, 
 and paralytic affections, rickets, scrofulous complaints, 
 general debility, obstructed perspiration, languor and 
 weakness of circulation, accompanied with profuse 
 sweating and fatigue on very moderate exercise. It is 
 useful in that slow, irregular fever to which many per- 
 sons, particularly those who lead a sedentary life, are 
 subject. Such persons have constantly a pulse rather 
 quicker than natural, hot hands, restless nights, impaired 
 appetite, dejection of spirits, etc. 
 
 The cold bath is injurious in all cases where immediate 
 6 
 
82 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 reaction does not follow its use. If, instead of perspira- 
 tion or warmth, it is attended with chills, great depres- 
 sion, languor, headache, etc., it is obvious that it should 
 not have been used. It is productive of apoplexy in 
 plethoric habits ; and is dangerous in obstructed menses, 
 in coughs, ruptures, or when any internal organ is dis- 
 eased. If the temperature of the body is below the 
 natural standard, or there is a profuse perspiration, cold 
 bathing should invariably be avoided. Those who are 
 constitutionally weak, and who have but little energy of 
 circulation, are injured rather than benefited by the cold 
 bath. 
 
 We believe that there are few, if any, cases in which 
 the sudden application of cold water to the system (ex- 
 cept in some particular diseases) proves beneficial. On 
 the contrary, the sudden shock given to the system often 
 brings on disease ; therefore, a very cold bath should be 
 seldom used. The water for ordinary bathing, for per- 
 sons in health as well as in disease, should be of such 
 temperature as to cause an agreeable sensation while 
 bathing. When this agreeable sensation is not felt, but, 
 rather, there is a sense of coldness, the person should 
 leave the water immediately, wipe himself dry, then 
 walk or exercise briskly until warmth of the system is 
 restored. For the want of proper precautions in bathing, 
 many have lost their lives. 
 
 Five minutes is long enough to remain in cold water; 
 and, on coming out, the whole body should be rubbed 
 over briskly with a coarse towel. 
 
 Topical Bathing. — The application of cold water in 
 cases of local infiammation proves highly efficacious. It 
 may be freely and safely used in inflammation of the 
 brain, dropsy of the head, and in some grades of fever, 
 particularly typhus. 
 
BATHS. 83 
 
 A variety of chronic catarrh, which displays itself in 
 a troublesome flow of mucus from the nostrils, and often 
 continues for months, is cured by immersion of the head 
 in cold water, or by the application of this fluid to the 
 part by means of a sponge or towel. The following case, 
 from an old writer little known, ( Vander Hey den,) will 
 show the utility of this practice : 
 
 " Bathing of the head in cold water cures inveterate 
 pains of that part, and also the continual catarrhs and de- 
 fluxions ; for it is certain that, if the head be put in cold 
 water as far as the middle bone of the hinder part of the 
 head, and to the end of the nose before, so that there be 
 left just so much of the nose out of the water as that 
 the party may have freedom of breathing only, and that 
 this be done so long as while a man may be saying the 
 Lord's Prayer, the pain of the head, though it hath been 
 of long continuance, will thereby be removed and the 
 clefluxion stopped, as hath often been proved by experi- 
 ence. 
 
 " I have been much confirmed in this opinion of mine 
 by an experiment of it made upon a certain English 
 knight named Sir Toby Mathews, a man no less eminent 
 for wisdom than fit for public trust. This gentleman 
 having been troubled twenty years together with an in- 
 tolerable pain on one side of his head, and also with a 
 continual and violent clefluxion of the head, distilling 
 through his palate and nose in so great a quantity that 
 he could never go without a wet handkerchief in his 
 pocket ; he was so happily cured of both these maladies 
 in the sixtieth year of his age, by thus bathing his head 
 in cold water, as that, till the seventieth year of the same, 
 which he hath now passed, he hath never had the least 
 touch of either during the said spa'ce of time ; and. 
 
84 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 behig now better in health than ever he was in his life 
 before, to prevent his falling into the like infirmities 
 again, he nseth the said immersion of his head in cold 
 water all the year long, and even in the depth of winter. 
 Also, he saith that he received this profitable advice from 
 a certain English nobleman, who, having himself been a 
 long time much tormented with the same disease, had 
 by this means cured both himself and very many others, 
 who were alike affected, and restored them to perfect 
 health, to the great admiration of all men." 
 
 It is stated that several wens have been cured by 
 bathing them frequently in salt water. 
 
 Avery intelligent physician informs me that eye-sights 
 which are weak and dim from age or any other cause, 
 are essentially benefited or cured by holding the face un- 
 der clear water every day, and suffering it to come in 
 contact with the eyes by winking a few times. It is rea- 
 sonable to suppose that this practice is calculated to give 
 them tone and energy. 
 
 Dipping or bathing the crown of the head every morn- 
 ing in a basin of cold water is an excellent remedy for pains 
 of the head, melancholy and nervous disorders. Let 
 those who are afllicted with either of the above diseases, 
 try the remedy, and they will soon feel the happy effect. 
 
 Warm or Tepid Baths. — The temperature of the warm 
 bath should be ninety-five of Fahrenheit's thermometer. 
 This kind of bath is much better calculated for bathing 
 in general, in most seasons of the year, than either the 
 cold or hot bath. 
 
 We cannot doubt of the tranquailizing and soothing 
 effects of the sedative operation of warm bathing. There 
 seems to be, however, this difference between the cold 
 and warm bath, that, while the former depresses at once, 
 
BATHS. 85 
 
 and powerfully, the circulating and nervous systems, be- 
 numbing and rendering them torpid even unto death, or 
 preparing for a violent and irregular reaction — tingling 
 and glow — the latter is just in that relation with the 
 nervous system to convey a sensation, soothing by its 
 mildness and active by its diffusiveness, and with the 
 capillary system to invite blood into the smaller vessels 
 of the extremites, which were of a temperature less than 
 the water, and thus produce an equal, yet moderate,, ful- 
 ness and action of these vessels. 
 
 To those who are past the meridian of life, says Dar- 
 win, and have dry skins and begin to be emaciated, the 
 warm bath, for half an hour twice a week, I believe to 
 be eminently serviceable in retarding the advances of 
 age. Acting on this principle, this learned physician 
 relates that, when Dr. Franklin was in England, he re- 
 commended the latter to use a warm bath twice a week, 
 a practice which he afterward continued till near his 
 death. 
 
 " So early as the time of Homer, an opinion seems to 
 have prevailed of the utility of warm bathing in ad- 
 vanced life. When Ulyesses, after his return to Ithaca, 
 found his father Laertes reduced to great weakness, he 
 advised him to use warm bathing, and, to encourage 
 him, told him he had seen one whose case ivas exactly sim- 
 ilar to his, worn down and emaciated with age, who, by the 
 use of warm baths, very quickly recovered his appetite and 
 rest. He likewise adds, that its efficacy in such cases 
 was well known, and that it was a common custom among 
 old men" — Odyss, xxiv. 
 
 It has been supposed till very lately that one constant 
 effect of the warm bath is to relax and debilitate the 
 body; but numerous experiments seem to prove that this 
 
86 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 opinion was founded in error, and that, on the contrary, 
 persons debilitated by disease have felt stronger on the 
 days when they used the warm bath, and were soon re- 
 stored to their former strength. If in any cases relaxa- 
 tion and debility follow the use of the warm bath, it is to 
 be attributed to the heat of the bath having been too 
 great for the constitution of the patient, or the immer- 
 sion having been continued too long. 
 
 The stimulant effects of the warm bath are very in- 
 considerable, and it is found useful in allaying irritation, 
 diminishing morbid frequency of the pulse, relaxing and 
 purifying the skin, and in inducing sleep and repose. 
 The warm bath will be attended with advantages in 
 those cases of fever, where the heat is preternaturally 
 great; but where, from some affection of the lungs, con- 
 sumption, or other unfavorable symptoms, cold bathing 
 is inadmissible ; in the paroxysms of hectic fever ; in 
 eruptive diseases, attended with increased heat and dry- 
 ness of the skin ; in gout and rheumatism, stiffness and 
 swelling of the joints; in obstruction of the menses; in 
 slight cases of palsy; in scrofulous swellings ; in some spas- 
 modic and convulsive affections, where the cold bath 
 might prove too violent ; in all those affections of the 
 bowels that seem to depend on an irregular or dimin- 
 ished action of any part of the alimentary canal; and 
 in cases of debility, attended with nervous irritation. 
 In cases of predisposition to coughs, it shares the fre- 
 quency of the pulse, and tends to retard at least, if it 
 does not wholly prevent, the pulmonary affection. The 
 time of continuing in the warm bath should be varied 
 according to the temperature of the water, and the feel- 
 ing of the patient. In a bath of ninety-six, a person 
 may remain fifteen, twenty, or thirty minutes. ' 
 
BATHS. 87 
 
 Where the constitution is not sufficiently vigorous to 
 secure reaction after the cold bath, as indicated by a 
 warm glow over the surface, it certainly does an injury. 
 For habitual use, bathing in water moderately warm 
 is the safest and most valuable, especially for invalids, 
 during the autumn, winter and spring. 
 
 In France, the warm bath is held in such a high re- 
 pute in some complaints, that it is used three or four 
 times a day. It is highly recommended in cases of in- 
 sanity. Says Dr. Combe : " When I visited the hospital 
 for the insane, M. Esquirol spoke to me in very strong 
 terms of the benefits resulting from warm bathing, and 
 declared that he had ever found it, when used with or- 
 dinary prudence, a safe and valuable remedy." 
 
 Hot Bath. — By the hot bath we understand a greater 
 degree of heat than the warm bath. The water should 
 be made as hot as the person can endure it. In this 
 state it possesses the most powerful relaxing properties, 
 and should only be used in cases of emergency, in very 
 painful and dangerous diseases, where an immediate 
 relaxation becomes necessary, such as fits, suppression of 
 urine, gravel, strictures, complaints of the kidneys, 
 cramp, hypochondria, bilious cholic, etc. The most 
 sudden and salutary effects are experienced from the hot 
 bath in these and similar complaints. 
 
 Topical Applications. — Hot or warm water applied to 
 any painful part is attended with the happiest effects.. 
 It removes the tension of the skin, diminishes irritability, 
 and is often very useful. 
 
 Neither the hot nor the warm bath should be used 
 where there is a great determination of blood to the 
 head, or where there is much plethora. 
 
88 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Fourcray relates the case of an individual who, being 
 immersed in a bath of the immoderate heat of 6Q de- 
 grees of Keauniur, (180 degrees of Fahrenheit,) fell down 
 apoplectic an hour after. And a writer acquaints us 
 with the history of a patient who was seized with paralysis 
 from having used a bath excessively hot. Peter Frank 
 mentions the development of an inflammatory fever, fol- 
 lowed by the appearance of fourteen abscesses after the 
 application of such a bath. 
 
 The Vapor Bath. — The vapor or steam bath is a con- 
 trivance by which steam, either simple or medicated, is 
 brought by pipes from a vessel of boiling water, and ad- 
 mitted to the body, placed in a small box or chamber. 
 The room is heated to a temperature considerably above 
 that of the atmosphere, and the naked body (sometimes 
 including the head) is suffered to remain in this heated 
 air until perspiration takes place. Aromatic herbs are 
 thrown into the boiler, which render the bath more 
 pleasant and more stimulating in its effects. It may be 
 made by placing the person in a common chair, with 
 the outside clothes removed, and a blanket thrown around 
 the body, to exclude the external air. Under the chair 
 a suitable tub or vessel must be placed, and a decoction 
 of the herbs thrown into it. The vapor arising from 
 this surrounds the body, and after fifteen or twenty 
 minutes a free perspiration takes piece. If the steam is 
 not sufficient to cause this perspiration, a brick or stone, 
 previously heated, may be thrown into it — some substi- 
 tute burning alcohol or spirits to produce the steam. A 
 bath still more simple in its construction, and which 
 answers well for all domestic purposes, may be made in 
 the following manner : Let the herbs, say pennyroyal, 
 spearmint, catnip, and tansy, a double handful of each, 
 
BATHS. 89 
 
 be all boiled in a pailful of water, and the whole thrown 
 into a tub of a suitable size ; then place one or two 
 narrow pieces of board across the tub, and partially 
 covered with a piece of flannel or cloth of any kind. 
 The person will sit over this in the manner above di- 
 rected, until he perspires freely. A heated brick or stone 
 in readiness may also be necessary in this case to add to 
 the decoction. Care must be taken that there are suffi- 
 cient openings by the sides of the strips of boards, or the 
 covering of them, to admit the steam to the body ; bath- 
 ing the feet at the same time and drinking freely of an 
 infusion or tea of catnip, will greatly aid the process of 
 sweating. 
 
 The steam or vapor bath, used in this manner, is very 
 valuable in many diseases. It is useful in the commence- 
 ment of all diseases where it is necessary to promote 
 perspiration, and where the patient is not confined to his 
 bed, in fevers, rheumatism, cold, inflammation of the 
 lungs, and other painful affections. 
 
 The vapor or steam bath may be applied with advan- 
 tage in every case which is attended with a torpid state 
 of the vessels of the surface and extremities of the body. 
 Many a cold and many a rheumatism attack, arising 
 from obstructed perspiration, might be nipped in the bud 
 by its timely use. In chronic affections of the skin, in 
 St. Anthony's Fire, disease of the lungs, throat, stomach, 
 and intestines, with which the skin sympathizes so clearly, 
 the judicious use of the vapor bath is very beneficial. 
 It is also advantageous in mental and nervous diseases, 
 in which languor and inaction of the skin are usually 
 attendant symptoms. 
 
 The prevalent fear of catching cold, which deters 
 many from using the vapor bath, is founded on a false 
 
90 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 analogy between its effects and those of profuse perspi- 
 ration from exercise or illness. The latter weakens the 
 body, and, by diminishing the power of reaction, renders 
 it susceptible of injury from sudden changes of the 
 weather ; but the effect of the vapor bath is very dif- 
 ferent. When not too warm or too long continued, it 
 increases, instead of exhausting the strength; and by 
 exciting the vital action of the skin, gives rise to a power 
 of reaction which enables it to resist cold better than 
 before, as experience teaches ; and the fact is exemplified 
 in Eussia, where in winter the natives sometimes rush 
 out of the vapor bath and roll themselves in snow, the 
 stimulus given to the skin by the bath preventing their 
 taking cold. 
 
 Ablutions, or bathing the surface. — When the perspira- 
 tion is brought to the surface of the skin and confined 
 there, either by injudicious clothing or by want of clean- 
 liness, there is much reason to fear that its residual 
 parts are again absorbed, and act on the system as a 
 poison of greater or less power, according to its quantity 
 and degree of concentration ; thereby producing fever, 
 inflammation, and often death itself, for it is established, 
 by observation, that concentrated animal effluvia form a 
 very energetic poison. 
 
 The substances emitted from the skin by perspiration 
 are water, carbon, carbonic acid, phosphate of lime, 
 and sometimes urea and animal oil, and perhaps phos- 
 phoric acid. Eow, it must be obvious, that an absorption 
 of these agents is liable to cause disturbance and irrita- 
 tion, which proves the necessity of frequent attention to 
 the skin, both in health and disease. 
 
 When we consider that the whole surface of the body 
 is continually discharging morbific matter or impurities 
 
BATHS. 91 
 
 from the body, and that it holds very near and powerful 
 relations to the lungs, stomach, and other internal organs, 
 we shall see the importance of keeping it in a healthy 
 state, and in order to do this nothing is more necessary 
 than frequent ablutions, bathing, or the shower bath. 
 
 Bathing the surface, with friction, is excellent to pre- 
 vent disease and restore health. It removes from the 
 surface every species of impurity, promotes a free circu- 
 lation of the blood in the minute vessels of the skin, and 
 enables this important organ to perform its office, with- 
 out which some complaint ensues. It promotes the 
 growth and development of the muscles, invigorates the 
 digestive organs, and imparts a pleasant glow and an in- 
 creased energy to the whole system, by which it is ren- 
 dered less liable to be disordered by cold or the changes 
 of the atmosphere. The ancients, it is said, had the art 
 of rendering fat people lean, and those who were emaciat- 
 ed, fleshy, by exercise and frictions of the skin. Though 
 useful to preserve health, bathing and rubbing the whole 
 surface of the body are calculated to increase the health 
 and vigor of persons laboring under debility, who lead a 
 sendentary life, and are subject to indigestion, nervous 
 diseases, rheumatism, coughs, fevers, pains, and such as 
 are subject to disease by the sudden changes of the 
 weather. This practice destroys the susceptibility to 
 cold, which is the existing cause of so many diseases. 
 
 The whole body should be daily, or at farthest weekly, 
 bathed entirely over with weak lye or water, and imme- 
 diately after brisk friction with a coarse or crash towel 
 applied to the whole surface, till the skin begins to grow 
 red and assumes an agreeable glow. 
 
 This practice is highly useful in the case of delicate 
 persons, and bathing children in this manner promotes 
 
92 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 their growth and activity, and prevents scrofula, rickets, 
 cutaneous, and other complaints. My wife would rather 
 put her children to bed without supper than without 
 first bathing them before putting them to bed. She al- 
 ways washed them every night and put clean clothes on 
 them, and she never had much trouble with fretful chil- 
 dren at night. Those who are subject to wakefulness 
 and disturbed sleep, and hysterical affections, will find, 
 in addition to a properly regulated diet and active exer- 
 cise in the open air, that sponging the body with cold 
 or tepid water, followed by brisk frictions of the surface 
 for a few minutes, will more effectually remove these 
 symptoms than most other means, or the shower bath 
 may be used. This process cleanses and invigorates the 
 skin, is very refreshing, and contributes much to health ; 
 it is pleasant even in cold weather. After this ablution, 
 exercise of some kind should be taken. Should there 
 be any sense of cold or chilliness, the operation must be 
 discontinued, or the water warmed. 
 
 Those who practice this bathing of the surface will 
 never suffer much, if any, from cold, (the forerunner of 
 consumption,) sore throats, or similar complaints. "Man 
 studies the nature of other animals, and adapts his con- 
 duct to their constitution ; but of himself he is ignorant, 
 and him he neglects." " If one-tenth of the persevering 
 attention and labor," says Combe, " bestowed in rubbing 
 and currying the skins of horses, were bestowed by the 
 human race in keeping themselves in good condition, 
 and a little attention were paid to diet and clothing, 
 colds, nervous diseases, and stomach complaints would 
 cease to form so large an item in the catalogue of human 
 
SEXUAL INTERCOURSE. 93 
 
 SEXUAL INTERCOURSE — ONANISM, VENERY, ETC. 
 
 This subject, from the nature of it, is not generally 
 treated of by writers on health. But none is more im- 
 portant, as it involves consequences of the most serious 
 kind. The semen is the most subtle, vital, and etherial 
 part of the body. It contributes to the support of the 
 nerves, as well as the reproduction of the human species ; 
 and its evacuation is by no means necessary, and, when 
 retained, adds greater strength to the system. The 
 emissions of the semen enfeebles the body more than 
 the loss of twenty times the same quantity of blood, and 
 more than violent cathartics, emetics, etc. Hence, excess 
 of this nature produces a debilitating effect on the 
 whole nervous system, on both body and mind. 
 
 It is founded on the observations of the ablest physi- 
 ologists, that the greater part of this refined fluid is reab- 
 sorbed and mixed with the blood, of which it constitutes 
 the most rarified and volatile part, and it imparts to the 
 body peculiar sprightliness, vivacity, and vigor. These 
 beneficial effects cannot be produced if the semen be 
 wantonly and imprudently wasted. Besides, the emis- 
 sion of it is accompanied with lassitude and relaxation, 
 and often with great nervous depression. It therefore 
 should never be evacuated only in a state of superfluity, 
 and even then, never unnaturally. 
 
 Perhaps the best criterion for married persons is this, 
 never indulge in the propensity ivhile it can well be avoided, 
 for the same reason that we should never eat till very 
 hungry. Any deviation from this rule will be attended, 
 directly or indirectly, with debilitating effects, especially 
 with the weak and nervous. By this pernicious practice, 
 
94 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 is meant the emission of semen artificially, and which 
 prevails among both sexes to a most fearful extent. 
 
 MASTURBATION, ONANISM, SELF-POLLUTION, ETC. 
 
 Persons should never practice it, (onanism or mastur- 
 bation,) under any pretense, except they wish to expose or 
 ruin their health and morals. Obey the injunction of 
 the Apostle, "Flee youthful lusts." This doctrine is 
 agreeable to the laws of physiology, or nature, as well as 
 the law of God. Emitting the semen artificially, by the 
 too common practice of onanism, lays the foundation 
 for many incurable complaints, and causes more bad 
 health then even physicians are aware of. It has been 
 shown by reports of Lunatic Asylums, that it often causes 
 insanity in both sexes. 
 
 " The fact that the ceremony of marriage has been per- 
 formed, will not save people from the consequence of 
 venereal excesses. The laws of our nature remain the 
 same; and, if violated, we must suffer the consequences. 
 Hundreds and thousands are hurried into a premature 
 grave, or made wretched while they live, by diseases in- 
 duced by venereal excesses, with no knowledge of their 
 causes." The practice of self-pollution pervades all 
 ranks, male and female. Professed Christians are often 
 among its victims. Some time since, says Mary S. 
 Grove, I become acquainted with a lovely and intellectual 
 young man, who was a student in one of our theological 
 seminaries. His health become so poor that he was 
 obliged to leave the seminary and return to his friends. 
 I saw him lose his reason and become a maniac. I was 
 satisfied, from all the symptoms in the case, that this sin 
 was the cause of his wretched condition. He died with- 
 out recovering his reason, and a friend of his, who was 
 
MASTERBATION. 95 
 
 in the seminary with him, told me, after his decease, 
 that he was indeed a victim of " Solitary Vice ; that it 
 cansed his death." 
 
 A short time since, I was conversing with a physician 
 who seemed to feel deeply on this subject. " But," said 
 he, " what can be done ? I dare not offend parents by 
 telling them the habits of their children. Only the other 
 day," said he, "I was called to a youth who was destroy- 
 ing himself by this practice, but I dare not mention it. 
 The parents would have been very angry if I had." 
 
 Dr. S. B. Woodward, superintendent of the hospital 
 for the insane, has the following remarks on this prac- 
 tice : " For the last four years," says he, "it has fallen to 
 my lot to witness, examine, and mark the progress of 
 from ten to twenty-five cases daily, who have been 
 the victims of this debasing habit ; and I aver that no 
 cause whatever, which operates on the human system, 
 prostrates all its energies, mental, moral, and physical, to 
 an equal extent. I have seen more cases of idiocy from 
 this cause alone, than from all the other causes of insan- 
 ity. If insanity and idiocy do not result, other diseases, 
 irremediable and hopeless, follow in its train, or such a 
 degree of imbecility marks its ravages upon body and 
 mind, as to destroy the happiness of life, and make ex- 
 istence itself wretched and miserable in the extreme." 
 
 That the evil is wide spread and exceedingly injurious 
 to the young, cannot be denied or doubted. Its effects 
 upon physical strength and constitutional stamina are 
 very prejudicial. 
 
 Its influence in prostrating the mind is no less appall- 
 ing. Consumptions, spinal distortions, weak and pain- 
 ful eyes, weak stomachs, nervous headaches, and a host 
 of other diseases, mark its influence upon the one ; loss 
 
96 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 of memory and the power of application, insanity and 
 idiotism, show its devastating effects upon the other. 
 
 It is equally opposed to moral purity and mental vigor. 
 It keeps up the influence of unhallowed desires. It 
 gives the passions an ascendency in the character ; fills 
 the mind with lewed and corrupt images, and transforms 
 its victim to a filthy and disgusting reptile. 
 
 The evil is common — its dangers little known. Let 
 the young beware of it ; and those who are in the way 
 of danger, abandon it forever. 
 
 Books have been written, filled with the most startling 
 facts on this subject. See Tissat, Graham's Advice to 
 Young Men, and other works. Eeader, beware how you 
 thus hazard your health. The best preventive is ab- 
 stiDence, diet, and regimen ; to avoid all animal food 
 and stimulants, and to use vegetables and fruit only. 
 High living excites venery, and leads directly to sensu- 
 ality and licentiousness. 
 
 MARSHES. 
 
 The neighborhood of marshes is peculiarly unwhole- 
 some, especially towards the decline of summer and du- 
 ring autumn ; and more particularly after sunset. The 
 air of marshy districts is loaded with an excess of damp- 
 ness, and with the various gases given out during the 
 putrefaction of the vegetable matters contained in the 
 waters of the marsh. Persons exposed to this air are 
 liable to various diseases, but especially ague, bilious 
 fevers, diarrhoeas, and dysenteries. They who breathe 
 it habitually exhibit a pallid countenance, a bloated 
 appearance of the abdomen and limbs, and are affected 
 with loss of appetite and indigestion. Health is best 
 preserved in marshy districts by a regular and temperate 
 
HAIR. 97 
 
 life, exercise in the open air during the middle of the 
 day, and by retiring, as soon as the sun sets, within the 
 house, and closing all the doors and windows. The 
 sleeping apartment should be in the upper story, and 
 rendered perfectly dry by a fire lit a, few hours before 
 going to bed, and then extinguished. Exposure to the 
 open air should, if possible, not take place in the morn- 
 ing before the sun has had time to dispel the fog, which, 
 at its rising, covers the surface of the marsh. Persons 
 who are intemperate, or use ardent spirits habitually, 
 are those most liable to suffer from the unwholesome air 
 of marshes ; such generally perish from diseases of the 
 liver and dropsy. 
 
 HAIR, BALDNESS AND FASHION. 
 
 The hair often falls off of the head at an age which 
 is quite unnatural, and which, therefore, constitutes dis- 
 ease. It is caused by excessive action of the brain, such 
 as intense study, great anxiety of mind, afflictions, etc.; 
 all which cause unnatural heat or inflammation, and 
 this causes the hair to drop oft" prematurely. I know of 
 nothing better for this than bathing the head daily with 
 cold water, and rubbing it well with a coarse towel. 
 
 People are often led to try this thing and that thing, 
 to prevent the hair from falling off. Doubtless there are 
 many pounds of hog's fat sold every year as bear's grease, 
 etc., to' cause the hair to grow. Correct habits and daily 
 washing the head with cold water, and combing it with 
 a fine comb, are the best preservatives and restoratives 
 of hair. 
 
 If any one's hair should grow while putting on these 
 quack ointments, which after all are only common oil 
 and fat disguised, they may rest assured that it would 
 have grown equally well without them. 
 7 
 
98 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 A majority of the present fashions are very deleterious 
 to the growth and preservation of the human hair, and 
 are repugnant to health, and an outrage on humanity 
 and common sense. Let us for a moment take a view of 
 some of the " comforts" of a martyr to fashion. See her 
 head loaded with hair natural and artificial, and over 
 this a cap heavy with ornaments, and under it exhala- 
 tions and foreign mixtures, in the shape of hair oils, per- 
 fumes, etc., and then we will not wonder that so many 
 loose and spoil the natural beauty of their hair. 
 
 BLEEDING, SALTS, AND MINERALS. 
 
 Bleeding. — An opinion prevails that it is necessary to 
 bleed occasionally to prevent disease or preserve health. 
 This is a pernicious custom also, and ought to be depre- 
 cated by all who place any value upon their lives. 
 
 Eo person has a drop of blood to lose. This practice, 
 which brings on many diseases, may afford present re- 
 lief, but the consequences are very injurious. It occa- 
 sions debility, dropsy, nervous diseases, etc. 
 
 Salts. — Many suppose that it is necessary frequently 
 to take salts to preserve their health. This custom is 
 also pernicious. A viscid, thin, or cold state of the blood 
 follows the frequent use of the neutral salts. Nor are 
 frequent purges of any kind conducive of health. The 
 motto on a certain tombstone should be remembered by 
 every person, particularly invalids : " I was well ; I took 
 physic, and died." 
 
 Minerals. — Those who wish to preserve their health 
 must avoid the use of all minerals internally. They 
 never were designed by the Author of Nature for medi- 
 cine. They injure the coats of the stomach and intes- 
 tines, and, instead of removing, create diseases. 
 
THE PASSIONS. 99 
 
 Mercury, which is so universally in use, is the worst 
 of all. Vegetables should be used in preference, being 
 safer and more congenial to the system. 
 
 THE PASSIONS. 
 
 Such is the connection between the body and the mind, 
 that one cannot be affected without a corresponding or 
 sympathetic affection of the other. But how this union 
 of matter and mind exists, this material and immaterial 
 connection, is a subject of profound astonishment, which 
 must ever remain a mystery to the greatest philosopher 
 or metaphysician. The most we know is, that the nerves 
 are the connecting medium between the soul and the 
 body. Hence, certain passions or mental affections have 
 great influence over the system, and, likewise, whatever 
 affects the body must, in like manner, affect the mind. 
 It therefore becomes necessary to study the nature, 
 causes, and symptoms of this reciprocal action ; but in 
 this place the passions more especially form the subject 
 of inquiry. Those passions which are the most subject 
 to derangement, or to an unreasonable and morbid excess, 
 are love, grief, fear, and anger. To these we might add 
 joy, envy, malice, and hatred. 
 
 LOVE. 
 
 This passion may, with propriety, be divided into two 
 species or kinds ; one is a supreme attachment to the 
 Creator, the other to the creature. 
 
 Love to the Creator. — This constitutes the most noble, 
 the most sublime, and most heavenly of all the passions 
 that actuate the human breast. 
 
 That being whom the heaven of heavens cannot con- 
 tain, is emphatically pronounced Love, from which we 
 
100 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 may infer that this is the most holy and blissful attribute 
 of Deity, and the only true source of happiness to men 
 and angels. 
 
 The exercise of this passion constitutes a heaven, 
 while its opposite passion, anger, constitutes hell, and 
 the suffering of the damned. There is, therefore, no 
 passion which exercises such a healthful and important 
 an influence as pure, celestial love. It is a fact which 
 has been confirmed by thousands, that the most inveter- 
 ate and dangerous diseases, such as have baffled the skill 
 of physicians, have been removed by the influence of 
 that love which has followed the pardon of sin ; while 
 anger, on the other hand, has brought on fatal and in- 
 curable diseases. There is, therefore, the highest incen- 
 tive for us, both in a temporal and spiritual point of 
 view, to be brought under the influence of this love. 
 
 Love of the Creature, or Carnal Love. — The love of the 
 Creator, just spoken of, begets a corresponding love to 
 all mankind — not a carnal or selfish love, but a pure, 
 disinterested affection — emanating from a divine influ- 
 ence — and, so far as it is exercised, is noble, praiseworthy, 
 and highly beneficial to society. But there is another 
 kind of love which admits of two species, and both of 
 which are very different in their effects. 
 
 Selfish Love. — This consists in a supreme regard to 
 ourselves, and those only through whom we desire some 
 personal benefit. This originates from low and sordid 
 principles, and is one great cause of the misery in the 
 world. 
 
 Carnal Love. — I now come to speak of that kind of 
 love to which authors who write upon this passion in- 
 variably allude. They make no distinction between the 
 several kinds of this passion, but treat of it as emanating 
 from one source. 
 
LOVE. 101 
 
 Whereas, it appears evident to me that the most clear 
 distinction should be observed. There appears to be as 
 much difference between disinterested and carnal love, as 
 there is between any two diverse or opposite passions. 
 A person becomes attached to a female, which he con- 
 siders love, and, in the commencement, it may be disinter- 
 ested love. But the next sensation is a carnal passion, 
 which is associated with lust. When this is the case, it 
 certainly, in my opinion, ceases to be genuine love ; but 
 how far this latter passion is consistent with the highest 
 and best principle of love, or whether it is permitted in 
 divine wisdom expressly to pro-create the human species, 
 I shall not attempt to decide. But I have seen so much 
 misery result through mistaken notions of this passion, 
 by reason of substituting carnal for disinterested love, 
 that I wish to draw a clear distinction between the two 
 kinds. It is a question in the minds of many, how far 
 the fall of man from his primeval state of simplicity has 
 deranged this passion, and introduced selfish and carnal 
 love. But it does appear that Deity, on account of the 
 first transgression, permits the present state of things 
 for wise purposes, however much it may differ from his 
 original design. 
 
 There is one thing, however, to which I wish to call 
 the attention of the reader, and which points out, and 
 seems to show, an irreconcilable difference between the 
 two kinds of love, viz : disinterested and sensual. I al- 
 lude to the testimony and experience of some of the best 
 men who have lived in any age of the world. They 
 state that the two proceed from sources entirely oppo- 
 site; that when spiritual and disinterested love pervades 
 the soul, carnal love is entirely overpowered, suspended, 
 and vice versa. 
 
102 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 It may not be improper here to state, while writing 
 npon the passion of love, according to the common ac- 
 ceptation of the term, that its influence and effect npon 
 the mind is, in every case, very insidious and gradual ; 
 that the subject of it, from a state of indifference, slowly 
 and imperceptibly, is brought under its influence, until it 
 becomes fairly seated in the mind. When this is the case 
 it may be ranked among the strongest passions ; and 
 when it is disappointed in its object, it becomes a disease 
 and a subject of medical attendance. Every person 
 should be well conversant with this fact, who is desirous 
 of "avoiding entangling affections." The passion of love 
 is produced on the principle of association, which begets 
 assimilation or attachment, from which every one may 
 learn the preventive, if not the remedy. There is one 
 remarkable fact, respecting this passion, which I shall here 
 mention, and that is, that love creates the most irresista- 
 ble and powerful impression between the age of twelve 
 and sixteen — a truth which shows the necessity of point- 
 ing out proper remedies. Again : it is equally striking, 
 and a fact of great practical importance, that frequently, 
 after disappointment in love, or even possession of the 
 object, indifference or hatred succeeds, and the subject of 
 it will soon be again under the influence of this passion 
 toward another person. Perhaps, however, I should in 
 some measure except the female sex. For the late 
 Aaron Burr, after having taken leave of an elderly lady 
 who was much attached to him when young, thus re- 
 marked : " That woman loves me yet, for a woman's love 
 never dies." 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of love, when it creates 
 disease, are well known — melancholy, love of solitude, 
 sighing, wakefulness, etc. It sometimes has a great in- 
 
LOVE. 103 
 
 fluence upon the system, such as dyspepsia, hysterica, 
 hypochondriasis, fever, and mental derangement, the 
 latter of which has sometimes ended in suicide, while 
 the others have occasionally terminated fatally. It is 
 remarkable that those who have been cured of any of 
 the diseases from love, particularly by medicines, recover 
 without possessing any affections for the persons whom 
 they formerly loved. It is stated that this was the case 
 with one of the princes of Conde. He said that his physi- 
 cians had, by their remedies, drawn off all his love for 
 his mistress. 
 
 Treatment. — Avoid the company of the object. When a cure 
 is desired for love, an opposite course must be taken from 
 that which caused it. Association first begat assimilation, 
 as stated above ; it now becomes necessary, in order to 
 cure it, to pursue an opposite course, and keep from the 
 company of the object beloved. By seeing the person 
 often it only adds fuel to the fire. A voyage or journey 
 should be undertaken, for absence has been justly styled 
 " the tomb of love." 
 
 Medicine. — If the passion has become so seated as to 
 create any specific disease, appropriate remedies must be 
 prescribed. These should be adapted to particular 
 symptoms. The stomach must be cleansed, the bowels 
 regulated, and a restorative course of treatment pursued. 
 Divide the Affections. — Let the person laboring under 
 this passion, and who wishes to be cured of it, mix in 
 cheerful company, and let him or her select from the 
 multitude another object, whose attraction shall engage 
 the attention. By this means the affections become di- 
 vided between the two objects, and the passions become 
 weakened or entirely destroyed. Ovid speaks of this, 
 and compares it to a river or stream which has dried up 
 after it has become divided. 
 
104 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Recreation and Rural Scenery. — Recreation and rural 
 scenery will contribute very much to the destruction of 
 this passion. Let the person travel and behold the 
 beauties of nature ; let the flower garden be cultivated ; 
 let cheerful and amusing books of a moral tendency be 
 perused. 
 
 Indignation. — I wish to suggest nothing inconsistent 
 with morality or religion, nor anything calculated to ex- 
 cite any of the passions. But in a medical point of view, 
 I trust I shall be excused if I recommend one passion 
 less violent, more transcient, and less injurious in its ef- 
 fects, for the purpose removing another. I therefore 
 would recommend the indulgence of a suitable degree of 
 spirit and indignation against the object loved, sufficient 
 at least to remove the inordinate degree of love; not, how- 
 ever, to the exclusion of friendship and benevolence. 
 
 In accordance with this, I would advise the person 
 laboring under this passion to indulge the opposite pas- 
 sion, viz : dislike or aversion. Let his or her ill treat- 
 ment, deformities and defects be constantly brought to 
 mind : and in this way victory may be obtained. Many 
 have been perfectly cured by this alone. 
 
 Let the person under the influence of this passion ex- 
 ercise fortitude and resolution. Let him spurn the 
 thought of being injured by becoming a dupe to this 
 puerile, slavish, and transcient passion, which subsides as 
 soon as the object is possessed, and which is often fol- 
 lowed by indifference, and even disgust, wrangliug, 
 quarreling, care, burden, perplexity, to which " single 
 blessedness" is a stranger, to say nothing of the grief 
 and sorrow entailed by a numerous, and perhaps wicked 
 offspring. Think of the'troubles from which you will 
 be exempted by living in a single state, and enjoying the 
 
GRIEF. 105 
 
 company of your friends without your affections being 
 so divided as to render their company irksome. 
 
 Morality and Religion. — Above all, let morality and 
 religion be another incentive to you, to banish this pas- 
 sion for the creature, and to place your affections upon 
 your Creator. Think how much better you can serve 
 him, divested of the cares of a family. Think of the fact 
 that is much complained of by Christians, that as soon 
 as they get married, their cares and affections are such 
 that they appear to lose all love for their Creator. 
 
 Let hope in the lover be extinguished. — A celebrated 
 writer has the following pertinent remarks upon this pas- 
 sion : " As hope and love are born together, so they can 
 only die together." Uncommon pains, therefore, should 
 be taken in curing love, to extinguish every spark of 
 hope in a lover. This advice is given with singular good 
 sense and humanity by Dr. Gregory, in his legacy to his 
 daughters, upon the subject of courtship and marriage. 
 
 GRIEF. 
 
 Few, if any, of the passions are more severe or more 
 injurious than grief. Fear and anger, though more vio- 
 lent, are of shorter duration. Grief consumes slowly, 
 and undermines the constitution, and is much more per- 
 manent in its effects than most any of the passions ; and, 
 where it is very deeply seated, some times proves fatal. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of grief are languid circu- 
 lation ; contraction of the heart; slow, weak, and un- 
 equal pulse; paleness, loss of sleep and appetite, flatu- 
 lence, and dyspepsia. In females it is sometimes accom- 
 panied with suppressed menstruation ; indeed, all the 
 functions of the body become impaired by the indulgence 
 of this passion ; and such is the effect on the mind, that 
 the subject of it cannot enjoy health. 
 
106 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 A very sudden and powerful attack of grief causes 
 hysteric and apoplectic fits, and sometimes ends in loss 
 of memory, marks of premature old age, melancholy 
 and insanity. 
 
 Dissections of those who have died of grief, discover 
 congestion in, and inflammation of, the heart, with a 
 rupture of its auricles and ventricles. 
 
 Grief produces contraction of the womb, miscarriage, 
 etc. ; it destroys the circulation of the foetus ; produces 
 a relaxation of the muscles of the spincter and of the 
 bladder. 
 
 There is another peculiar symptom of grief not gen- 
 erally noticed, which is that of profound sleep. A 
 mother that has just lost a child, often sleeps profoundly. 
 
 The keeper of Eewgate, in London, states that crim- 
 inals sleep soundly the night before their execution. 
 The son of General Custine, in Paris, slept nine hours the 
 night before he was led to the guillotine. The disciples 
 of our Savior slept during his agony in the garden, in 
 consequence of sorrow having filled their hearts. 
 
 Treatment — Anodynes. — When grief seizes a person 
 suddenly and powerfully, very much shocking the sys- 
 tem, an opium pill may be administered. Should par- 
 oxysms or urgent symptoms occur, it may be repeated. 
 
 Purgatives. — Should grief so prey upon the system as 
 to create great excitement, a purgative may be adminis- 
 tered ; while it lessens the excitement, it will also obviate 
 costiveness, a very attendant sympton upon this passion. 
 
 Silence. — Conversing much with persons laboring un- 
 der this passion often exasperates it. Silence is better 
 than much conversation. 
 
 There is science, says a writer, as well as sympathy, in 
 this silence; for in this way grief most rapidly passes 
 from the bosom of the sufferer into that of his friend. 
 
GRIEF. 107 
 
 Solitude. — Grief is generally increased by solitude. 
 When a person is afflicted with grief, he feels much more 
 distressed when he is slone, no doubt by dwelling on the 
 cause of it. Solitude should, therefore, by all means be 
 avoided. 
 
 Friends. — A person seized with grief almost invariably 
 flies to his or her nearest friend, to unbosom and unload 
 the mind of its sorrows. Such a friend, if he is one in- 
 deed, receives a portion of the sufferings, which imme- 
 diately lessens the afflictions. Therefore, the company 
 of friends should be resorted to. 
 
 Religion. — The greatest consolation is, no doubt, de- 
 rived from religion. The sufferer should remember well 
 that afflictions arise not from the dust ; that every event 
 is permitted by Divine Providence, and under his super- 
 intendence, and that his afflictions or bereavements have 
 been wisely dispensed even for his individual benefit, 
 however heart-rending the present trial may be. We 
 should recollect that the Creator deals out afflictions and 
 trials to the children of men with the same scrupluous 
 exactness as the apothecary or physician deals out his 
 medicines ; and that there is perhaps little, if any, dif- 
 ference in the aggregate between the various classes of 
 society as regards their amount of suffering. The poor, 
 who are so liable to complain of their condition in life, 
 experience less afflictions than the rich, for various rea- 
 sons which might be assigned. 
 
 Change of Scenery. — The mind in distress may be 
 much relieved by a change of scenery. Let there be a 
 constant succession of new ideas and new objects to di- 
 vert the attention. Traveling, sailing, the study of any 
 art or science, reading or writing on interesting subjects, 
 etc., will sooner assuage grief than many other amuse- 
 
108 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ments. When the mind has nothing else to think about 
 but its misfortunes and calamities, it is sure to indulge 
 in grief. Some business, therefore, should be rigidly fol- 
 lowed. 
 
 Persons suffering under any misfortune should care- 
 fully abstain from the usse of ardent liquors, as they are 
 apt to fly to it for relief, and thus become intemperate. 
 In communicating sad tidings, it never should be done 
 all at once, but gradually, that the mind may be pre- 
 pared for it. 
 
 ANGER. 
 
 This passion exerts a most violent and powerful 
 effect on the system. "When it ascends to rage and fury, 
 or when it is protracted into malice and revenge, it be- 
 comes a sin, and proves very destructive to health. 
 
 Symptoms. — A paroxysm of anger produces a deter- 
 mination of blood to the brain, fullness of the blood-ves- 
 sels of the face, redness of the eyes, foaming of the 
 mouth, volubility or total suppression of speech, agita- 
 tion of the fists, stamping of the feet, and uncommon 
 bodily strength. It sometimes causes hysteria, hemor- 
 rhage, and mania. It affects the sanguiferous and ner- 
 vous system, producing vomiting, and often breaks a 
 blood-vessel, or brings on apoplexy. It causes a return 
 of epilepsy, bleeding of the nose, affects the secretions 
 of the liver, induces colic, diarrhoea, fainting, and con- 
 vulsions. 
 
 Treatment. — When that portion of the brain which 
 gives rise to a certain passion or emotion becomes un- 
 duly excited, the balance of cerebral power is lost, and 
 there is an undue excitement, which is manifested in an- 
 ger, despondency, or some other passion. 
 
ANGER. 109 
 
 I have witnessed persons under great passion or grief, 
 who were frantic, and in a few moments, after convers- 
 ing with them calmly, the mind was restored to its 
 proper tone. ^JTherefore, the best remedy in all cases of 
 passion, as well as nervous diseases and insanity itself, is 
 to apply to the brain a counter irritant, or to make an 
 opposite impression; and this may be denominated the 
 cordial of good or kindness, which overpowers the im- 
 pression of evil or morbid excitement. 
 
 The remedies for anger, when it becomes a disease, 
 may be divided into two classes : First, such as are 
 proper during its paroxysm. Second, such as are proper 
 during their intervals, to prevent a recurrence. 
 
 During a Paroxysm. — Let a person laboring under this 
 passion drink a tumbler of cold water ; it gives time for 
 the rage to subside, and also gives time for reflection. 
 Cold water thrown over the whole body has cured a 
 paroxysm of anger. It never fails to part two contend- 
 ing fowls or dogs. 
 
 Resolution. — Let the whole powers of the mind be con- 
 centrated instantaneously to form a resolution not to in- 
 dulge in the passion of anger. This is the most powerful 
 of every other means to suppress it. 
 
 Absence from the Exciting Cause. — As soon as a person 
 is attacked with a paroxysm of anger, let him immedi- 
 ately absent himself from the exciting cause of it, except 
 there is a strong probability of a reconciliation by seeing 
 the person who has occasioned it. When this is the ease, 
 be resolved to meet the person with as much calmness as 
 possible, and let the subject be conversed upon. In such 
 cases, the difficulty is often settled, and a greater friend- 
 ship follows. 
 
 Means of Preventing a Recurrence of Anger. — Those who 
 
110 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 are very passionate should avoid all stimulating drinks 
 and liquids, as nothing tends more to inflame the passion 
 of anger than these. It is owing to this that even friends, 
 when they assemble together and drink ardent spirits, 
 often begin to wrangle, quarrel, or fight. Dr. Arbuth- 
 not states that a milk and vegetable diet has cured a 
 very angry disposition. 
 
 Silence. — Whenever a person becomes very angry, let 
 him be silent, and neither say nor do anything to fan the 
 flame of anger. 
 
 Science or Education. — These have a great tendency to 
 eradicate from the breast the baneful passion of anger. 
 They teach the mind that there is true wisdom and phi- 
 losophy in abstaining from the indulgence of such an 
 unholy and pernicious passion. 
 
 Opinion of others. — Those that are subject to fits of 
 anger should recollect, in their calmer moments of reflec- 
 tion, that, when they exhibit a paroxysm of anger, they 
 render themselves as ridiculous as a drunken man. 
 
 " It will be useful for persons subject to the criminal 
 degrees of this passion," says Dr. Rush, " to reflect that 
 it is not only contrary to religion and morals, but to 
 good manners. The term gentleman implies a command 
 of this passion above all others." 
 
 JReligion. — There is nothing so powerful to allay the 
 tumults of this mighty passion as religion. It is this 
 alone that seems fully capable of eradicating it from the 
 human breast. It is remarkable that real Christians 
 have been incapable of showing the least anger, under 
 the most aggravating circumstances. Therefore, whoever 
 labors under this besetting sin, should pray earnestly to 
 God for its removal. 
 
FEAR. Ill 
 
 Medicine. — When anger causes bilious and hepatic dis- 
 eases, appropriate medicines must be administered, which 
 will be hereafter mentioned. 
 
 FEAR. 
 
 Fear, which was no doubt implanted by the Creator 
 for a wise purpose, exerts a great influence over the ani- 
 mal economy. Fear and anxiety, by depressing the 
 spirits, not only dispose us to disease, but have a ten- 
 dency to aggravate it, or even render it fatal. 
 
 Symptoms. — The effects of fear, when it acts suddenly 
 upon the system, are tremors, quick pulse and respira- 
 tion, globus hystericus, a discharge of urine, diarrhoea, 
 and sometimes an involuntary discharge of the fseces, 
 fever, convulsions, fainting, madness and death. Dr. 
 Brambilla relates the case of a soldier, in whom fear 
 produced not only fever, but a mortification from a blis- 
 ter on the leg, which destroyed his life. Besides these 
 general effects of fear, it acts in a peculiar manner 
 upon the hair of the head. First : in causing it to 
 stand perpendicular. This has been described by Virgil 
 and Shakespeare. Secondly : in converting it suddenly 
 to a gray or white color ; and, thirdly, in causing it to 
 come out by the roots and fall off* the head. Of this Dr. 
 Huch states, that he knew an instance of a gentleman 
 who was in Lisbon at the time of the great earthquake 
 in 1755. 
 
 Other effects of fear have been lately noticed. The 
 earthquake which took place on the shores of the Mis- 
 sissippi, in December, 1811, produced silence or great 
 talkativeness, and moping stillness or constant motion in 
 different people. 
 
 Treatment. — Although fear appears to be in a consid- 
 
112 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 erable degree constitutional, yet it may be moderated or 
 measurably overcome by habit, the exercise of reason, 
 philosophy and religion. 
 
 Those subject to the passion should endeavor to exer- 
 cise fortitude of mind. They should reflect that they 
 have no just ground or reason to fear anything which 
 can happen unto them, provided they are in the line of 
 their duty, and act conscientiously; that nothing will be 
 permitted to overtake them but what is for their bene- 
 fit. In a word, they should endeavor to exercise perfect 
 resignation, ever bearing in mind the following lines of 
 the poet, which are beautifully illustrative : 
 
 "Through all the downward tracks of time, 
 
 God's watchful eye surveys; 
 0, who so wise to choose our lot, 
 
 Or regulate our ways! 
 
 I cannot doubt his "bounteous love, 
 
 Unmeasurahly kind ; 
 To his unerring, gracious will, 
 
 Be every wish resigned. 
 
 Good when he gives, supremely good, 
 
 Nor less when he denies ; 
 Even suff'ring from his sov'reign hand 
 
 Are "blessings in disguise. 
 
 Here happiness cannot he found, 
 
 The honey 's mixed with gall, 
 Midst changing scenes and dying friends, 
 
 Be Thou my all in all." 
 
 Fear of Thunder and Lightning. — Dr. Rush has the 
 following judicious remarks upon the prevention of fear 
 in thunder storms : 
 
 " The remedies for it are : Living in a house defended 
 by a lightning rod. Sitting in the middle of a room, and 
 remote from the doors and windows of a house not de- 
 
FEAR. 113 
 
 fended by a lightning rod. A citizen of Philadelphia, 
 who was nnder the influence of this fear, obviated it in 
 a degree by closing the doors and windows of a room, 
 and sitting with a lighted candle in it. By this means 
 he avoided the sight of the lightning and the anticipa- 
 tion of the noise of the thunder which usually follows it. 
 
 A lady of respectable character, formerly of this city, 
 usually fainted with terror during the time of a thunder- 
 gust, and discovere 1, by a livid countenance, and cold, 
 clammy sweat, the signs of approaching death. 
 
 She was apparently kept alive by pouring into her 
 stomach three or four wine glasses of Jamaica spirits ; it 
 was remarkable she never was intoxicated by it, and that 
 it was disagreeable to her at all other times. 
 
 The fear which is excited by darkness, may easily 
 be overcome by a proper mode of education in early life. 
 It consists in compelling children to go to bed without a 
 candle, or without permitting company to remain with 
 them until they fall asleep. The fear of ghosts should 
 be prevented or subdued in early life, by teaching chil- 
 dren the absurdity and falsehood of all the stories that 
 are fabricated by nurses upon this subject. 
 
 The fear from speaking in public was always obviated 
 by Dr. John Hunter, by taking a dose of laudanum be- 
 fore he met his class every day. 
 
 The fear from sailing, riding, and from certain animals 
 and insects, may all be cured by resolution. It should 
 be counteracted in early life. The existence of it always 
 shows a defective education. 
 
 Peter the Great, of Muscovy, was born with a dread 
 
 of water. He cured it by throwing himself headlong 
 
 into a boat when obliged to cross a river. The horror 
 
 he felt in doing this often induced syncope. He finally 
 
 8 
 
114 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 conquered his dread of water so as to cross seas in pur- 
 suit of the great objects which characterized his life and 
 reign. 
 
 In cases of sudden fear from any cause, holding the 
 breath, coughing or hawking, often give immediate re- 
 lief ; they impart tone to the brain by promoting a de- 
 termination of blood to it, and thus infuse vigor into the 
 mind. 
 
 To obviate fear from all its causes, great advantages 
 will arise from creating counter motions in the mind. 
 The fear of death in a battle is overcome by the power- 
 ful sense of glory and shame. The fear of the pain of 
 an operation, such as drawing a tooth from a child, is 
 overcome by the expectation of receiving afterwards 
 a piece of money, and the prospects of all the pleasures 
 it will procure. 
 
 Great advantages may likewise be derived for the cure 
 of fear, by a proper application of the principal of asso- 
 ciation. A horse will seldom be moved by the firing of 
 a gun or the beating of a drum, if he hears them for the 
 first time while eating ; nor will he start or retire from a 
 wheelbarrow, or millstone, or any other object of that 
 kind, after being once or twice fed upon them. 
 
 The same law of association may be applied in a vari- 
 ety of instances to the human mind, as well to the pre- 
 vention as cure of fear. 
 
 OF JOY. 
 
 " This emotion," says Dr. Eush, " is attended sometimes 
 with pain in the region of the heart, a change in the 
 voice, tears, syncope, and death. Mr. Bruce mentions 
 another symptom of excessive joy, and that is thirst, 
 which he felt in a high degree when he reached the long 
 
OF JOY. 115 
 
 sought for head of the Nile. He gratified it, he tells us, 
 by drinking the health of his sovereign, George the 
 Third, and of his mistress, by a draught from the foun- 
 tain of that celebrated river. Joy is most intense when 
 it has been preceded by fear. The Indian Chief, Logan, 
 has designated this form of joy in eloquent speech, pre 
 served by Mr. Jefferson in his Notes upon Virginia, when 
 he declares that he knew not the joy of fear. There are 
 many instances upon record of death being induced by a 
 sudden paroxysm of joy. The son of the famous Leib- 
 nitz died from this cause, upon opening an old chest, and 
 unexpectedly finding in it a large quantity of gold. Joy 
 from the successful issue of political schemes or wishes 
 has often produced the same effect. Pope Leo the Tenth 
 died of joy, in consequence of hearing of a great calam- 
 ity that had befallen the French nation. Several persons 
 died from the same cause, Mr. Hume tells us, upon 
 witnessing the restoration of Charles the Second to the 
 British throne. And it is well known the doorkeeper 
 of Congress died of an apoplexy from joy, upon hearing 
 the news of the capture of Lord Cornwallis and his army 
 during the American revolutionary war. 
 
 " During a paroxysm of joy, if it be attended with dan- 
 ger to life, a new emotion or passion should be excited, 
 particularly terror, anger, fear or grief. Perhaps the 
 affusion of cold water might have that effect. The stim- 
 ulus of artificial pain should likewise be tried ; it should 
 be of a nature calculated to produce the most prompt 
 effects. 
 
 " The morbid state of joy should be prevented by im- 
 parting the news which we expect will create it in a 
 gradual manner, and with the alloy of some unpleasant 
 circumstances. 
 
116 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 "Connected with joy, but produced by different causes, 
 is laughter. It is a convulsive disease, and sometimes 
 induces a rupture of a blood-vessel in the lungs, spleen, 
 or brain. Excessive laughter, when not attended with 
 these fatal effects, is often followed with a pain in the 
 left side, hiccough, and low spirits. The remedies for 
 paroxysm of laughter should be fear, terror, or any other 
 counter impression. Pinching the body, or the affusion 
 of water over it, is calculated to produce the same effects. 
 Laudanum seldom fails to relieve the pain, hiccough and 
 low spirits which sometimes follow it." 
 
 ENVY, MALICE, AND HATKED. 
 
 The indulgence of these baneful dispositions is attend- 
 ed by injurious effects on the moral and physical part of 
 man. They eat and corrode the mind like a canker. It 
 has been said, by an inspired writer, to resemble " rot- 
 tenness in the bones." It emits its poison, not only 
 against friends, but likewise those who have rendered 
 the subject of it the greatest favors. Where such an 
 unholy disposition dwells, the mind cannot enjoy peace. 
 It is, therefore, best to use every exertion to overcome 
 it, and by repeated attempts we may succeed. I know 
 by experience that it is difficult not to cherish unfriendly 
 feelings towards those whom you have benefited, and, 
 instead of gratitude from them, receive ill-treatment and 
 injury. I have, with others, experienced a large share 
 of such conduct, and know how very aggravating it is ; 
 but still, it is a duty to submit as patiently as possible, 
 and endeavor to overcome evil with good, by forbearance 
 and charity. Let revengeful man write down his feel- 
 ings on the occasion, and afterwards peruse them. But 
 the true antidote is to be found in religion, which en- 
 ables us to love our enemies. 
 
ENVY, MALICE AND HATRED. 117 
 
 There is now and then a torpor of the passions, the re- 
 verse of the diseases in those which have been described. 
 Instead of being unduly excited, they are devoid of all 
 sensibility and irritability. Those who are thus affected, 
 love and fear nothing. They are strangers to grief, and 
 anger ; they envy and hate nobody ; and they are alike 
 insensible to mental pleasure and pain. "I was once 
 consulted by a citizen of Philadelphia," says Dr. Push, 
 "who was remarkable for his strong affection for his wife 
 and children when his mind was in a sound state ; he was 
 occasionally afflicted with this apathy, and, when under 
 its influence, lost his affection for them all so entirely, 
 that he said he could see them butchered before his 
 eyes without feeling any distress, or even an inclination 
 to rise from his chair to protect them." 
 
 This paralytic state of the passions continues during 
 life in some people. A physician of great eminence, who 
 died some years ago in England, declared, upon his 
 death-bed, that he had never known what it was to love 
 man, woman or child. But we sometimes meet with 
 this disorder in a partial state. Thus, there are men 
 who have never loved ; others who have never feared ; 
 others who have never shed a tear ; and others in whom 
 injuries have never excited an emotion of anger. 
 
 In such persons the mind is in a mutilated state, for 
 man without passions, is an imperfect being, both as to 
 his duties and happiness. 
 
 The remedies for this torpid state of the passions, 
 whether general or partial, should be suited to the state 
 of the system. Purgatives will be proper if the blood- 
 vessels are oppressed ; in a contrary state of the system, 
 powerful stimulants, particularly pain, labor and the 
 cold bath, are indicated." 
 
118 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 In conclusion, I would observe, that the due regulation 
 of the passions contributes much to health and longevity. 
 The animating passions, such as joy, hope, love, etc., 
 when kept within proper bounds, gently excite the ner- 
 vous influence, promote an equable circulation, and are 
 highly conducive to health ; while the depressing affec- 
 tions, such as fear, grief and despair, produce the con- 
 trary effect, and lay the foundations of the most formid- 
 able diseases, 
 
 INFLUENCE OP THE MIND ON THE BODY, PASSIONS, ETC. 
 
 Bad news weakens the action of the heart, oppresses 
 the lungs, destroys the appetite, stops digestion, and 
 partially suspends all the functions of the system. An 
 emotion of shame flushes the face, fear blanches, joy il- 
 luminates it, and an instant thrill electrifies a million of 
 nerves. Surprise spurs the pulse to a gallop. Delirium 
 infuses great energy. Volition commands, and hundreds 
 of muscles spring to execute. Powerful emotions often 
 kill the body at a stroke ; Chilo, Dingoras, and Sopho- 
 cles died of joy at the Grecian games. The news of a 
 defeat killed Phillip Y. Muly Murdock was carried 
 upon the field of battle in the last stages of incurable 
 disease ; upon seeing his army give way, he rallied his 
 panic-stricken troops, rolled back the tide of battle, 
 shouted victory, and died. The doorkeeper of Congress, 
 as before stated, expired on hearing of the surrender of 
 Cornwallis. Eminent public speakers have often died in 
 the midst of impassioned bursts of eloquence, or when 
 the deep emotion that produced them had suddenly subsid- 
 ed. Lagrave, the young Parisian, died when he heard 
 that the musical prize for which he had competed was 
 adjudged to another. Hill, at New York, was appre- 
 
PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 119 
 
 hended for theft and taken before the police. Though in 
 perfect health, mental agony forced the blood from his 
 nostrils, and he was carried out and died. Emmet, the 
 noted lawyer, it is stated, fell and died suddenly while 
 pleading at the Eew York bar, under great excitement 
 or emotion of eloquence. The mind must be vigorously 
 disciplined in order to overcome anger, revenge, and 
 other passions. For want of this, how many thousands 
 have been murdered and otherwise injured or destroyed! 
 Self must be denied, or destruction follows. 
 
 What a man sows, that will he reap, both in a moral 
 and physical point of view. 
 
 RULES FOR THE PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND 
 
 CONTAGION. 
 
 It is no doubt the case that very many infections or 
 contagious diseases may be averted or completely destroy- 
 ed by adopting proper means for this purpose. 
 
 Separation or removal. — When any person is attacked 
 with a disease which is contagious, or supposed to be con- 
 tagious, he should be immediately removed to a place 
 established expressly for that purpose ; or, if convenient 
 or desirable, let him be taken to a separate and remote 
 part of the house, distant from the rest of the family, 
 into a clear and well ventilated room. The upper por- 
 tion of the house is preferable. First, because it is 
 drier; and secondly, because it permits the contagious 
 affiuvia arising from the body of a patient more readily 
 to pass off, as the current of air more rarified is natural- 
 ly upward. 
 
 Separate Apartments for the Sick. — In all boarding 
 houses, and where a great number of persons are crowd- 
 ed together, there ought to be a separate room for those 
 
120 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 who are sick, Where there is not a suitable place, one 
 should be provided in the vicinity or neighborhood. 
 
 Intercourse with the Sick. — There should be as little in- 
 tercourse with the person affected with any contagious 
 disease as possible. No one should be allowed to visit 
 him except the nurse or immediate relatives, and these 
 should be careful to keep at a proper distance from the 
 bed, that his breath and the vapor arising from his body 
 may not be inhaled. A handkerchief, wet with vinegar, 
 may be held occasionally to the nose while in the room. 
 Those who are obliged to continue in the room, should, 
 as much as possible, avoid fatigue, be very temperate, 
 and occasionally take a dose of physic. Let them eat 
 plenty of raw onions ; also, apply onions to the feet and 
 other parts of the body of the sick person. It is gene- 
 rally admitted that fear acts as a predisposing cause in 
 the production of infectious diseases. 
 
 It therefore becomes necessary to command as mnch 
 fortitude and resolution as possible, as well as to inspire 
 confidence in the mind of the patient. 
 
 Ventilation. — The greatest attention should be paid 
 to a free aqd constant circulation of air in the apartment 
 or apartments. The upper part of the window or door 
 should be left open ; but a current of air direct upon the 
 person should be avoided. If the weather should be 
 very windy, let muslin or gauze be hung before the win- 
 dow. Nothing is more important than pure air. 
 
 Cleanliness. — A due regard should also be paid to 
 cleanliness. The clothes of the sick must be often 
 changed, and the room kept perfectly clean. Haygarth 
 lays down the following rules to prevent the spread of 
 infectious diseases : 
 
 " 1. The chamber in which the patient lies must be 
 
PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 121 
 
 kept clean and freely ventilated. No bed curtains must 
 be allowed to be drawn around the patient. 
 
 " 2. Dirty cloths, utensils, etc., should be often changed 
 and immediately immersed in cold water, and washed 
 clean when taken out. 
 
 " 3. The discharges from the patient must be instantly 
 removed, and the floor around the patient should be 
 rubbed clean once a day with a wet cloth. 
 
 " 4. Avoid the current of the patient's breath, as well 
 as the effluvia which ascends from his body and from the 
 evacuations. 
 
 " 5. Visitors ought not to go into the patient's cham- 
 ber with an empty stomach, and in doubtful circum- 
 stances. On coming out, they should blow from the 
 nose and spit from the mouth any contagious poison 
 which may adhere to these passages." 
 
 Fumigations. — In order to remove any disagreeable ef- 
 fluvia, and to destroy the power of contagion engen- 
 dered, fumigation may be used. The following : Take 
 a suitable quantity of common oil, put it into an earthen 
 vessel of any kind, and add sufficient sulphuric acid or 
 oil of vitriol to moisten it. A purifying gas will be dis- 
 engaged and diffused through the room. This is suffi- 
 cient for small apartments, but for hospitals the vessel 
 may be placed over a moderate degree of heat. Clothes 
 may be submitted to the gas, and other places that are 
 foul and suspected of contagion. 
 
 Another excellent method to purify rooms where there 
 is contagion, is to pour vinegar on a heated shovel or 
 peal. This should be frequently done, and particularly 
 when anything passes the bowels of the sick person. 
 Green plants may be left in the apartment, and the fumes 
 of bitter herbs, bruised or boiled, are also excellent pre- 
 
122 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ventives. The hands, face and body should be occasion- 
 ally bathed with vinegar, and the temperature of the 
 body should not be too great, as it tends to putrefaction. 
 Whatever diet is given should be of an antiseptic nature, 
 nutritious, and altogether vegetable. 
 
 Sweet Oil a Preventive. — For the prevention of the 
 plague, it has been recommended to bathe the body in 
 sweet oil, as it has been ascertained that among a million 
 of inhabitants carried off by the plague in Egypt, not a 
 single oil man, or those who worked in oil stores, were 
 ever infected with the disease ; their clothes and bodies 
 were besmeared with oil. I therefore recommend those 
 exposed to any contagious disease to clip their flannels in 
 sweet oil, wring them out, and constantly wear them in 
 this state, thus saturated with the oil ; also, take an ounce 
 of the oil once or twice a week, and observe universal 
 temperance 
 
 Fever Institutions. — These are of great importance, and 
 ought to be established near every large town and city, 
 being most likely to prevent the spreading of contagious 
 diseases, under proper regulations, with proper medical 
 attendance and nursing. 
 
 Rigid Quarantine — It becomes necessary for our mu- 
 nicipal authorities to pay no regard to disputed points 
 of contagion ; but to maintain a rigid quarantine upon 
 all vessels coming from those ports where contagious 
 diseases are from time to time prevalent. 
 
 Secret of destroying Contagion. — The great secret of 
 destroying contagion and preventing its increase unques- 
 tionably is, to dilute the infected air or atmosphere by ven- 
 tilation, cleanliness, fumigation, separation of the sick 
 or those suspected. There is every reason to believe that 
 
PREVENTION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES. 123 
 
 this will not only prevent the spreading of contagion, 
 but entirely destroy the powers of it. 
 
 Chloride of Lime. — In conclusion, I would state, that 
 the chloride of lime possesses very antiseptic, disin- 
 fecting properties, which render it highly important in 
 the preservation of health and prevention of contagion, 
 by decomposing putrid effluvia of every kind, and pre- 
 venting the generation of epidemic diseases, or arresting 
 their progress when they already exist. It destroys the 
 poisonous exhalations from privies, sewers, and docks 
 or ponds left bare at low water ; also of vaults, cellars, 
 store-houses, hospitals, prisons, market-houses, gutters, 
 etc. It is valuable for purifying the air of wells, mines, 
 slaughter-houses, drains, stables, the holds of vessels, and 
 the rooms of the sick. It prevents the fetid smell from 
 dead bodies previous to burial, and such as are disin- 
 terred for judicial investigation ; also the fetid effluvia 
 from dirty clothes. 
 
 Chloride of lime immediately destroys the offensive 
 smell from any source. 
 
 Method of using it. — The method of using it is very 
 simple. A little of it may be placed in a saucepan, and 
 kept in any place where there is contagion, or any disa- 
 greeable effluvia whatever; or the apartments may be 
 sprinkled with the article. The fetid smell which arises 
 from the excrements of the sick, or any other exhala- 
 tion, is immediately destroyed by sprinkling a small 
 quantity in the room. As a means of removing the 
 sources of disease in cities and villages, chloride of lime 
 demands the attention of the guardians of the public 
 health. 
 
124 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 RULES FOR THE PRESERVATION OE HEALTH, AND PROMOTING 
 LONGEVITY. BY SIR RICHARD JEBB, LATE PHYSICIAN TO 
 THE ROYAL FAMILY. 
 
 1. The greatest preservatives of health are exercise 
 and temperance; these may be practiced by all ranks 
 and at any season or place. Exercise throws off all su- 
 perfluities, and temperance prevents them ; exercise 
 clears the vessels and promotes the circulation of the 
 blood. 
 
 2. A due degree of exercise is absolutely necessary to 
 health. 
 
 3. "Walking is the best exercise for those who are able 
 to bear it ; riding for those who are not. 
 
 4. The air we breath is of the utmost importance to 
 our health. 
 
 5. Every one that would preserve health should be as 
 clean and sweet as possible in their houses. 
 
 6. Nothing conduces more to health than abstinence 
 and plain food. 
 
 7. All malt liquors are hurtful ; so are strong tea and 
 coffee. 
 
 8. Costiveness is very hurtful to health; therefore, 
 care should be taken to remove it at the beginning by 
 cool, gentle purges. 
 
 9. Obstructed perspiration (commonly called catching 
 cold) is the great source of all diseases. Let it, there- 
 fore, be removed immediately by gentle sweats. 
 
 10. Physic, for the most part, is only a substitute for 
 exercise and temperance. 
 
RULES FOE THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH. 125 
 
 11. Blistering, cupping, bleeding, etc., are seldom re- 
 quisite, except to the idle and intemperate; they are 
 only expedients to make luxury consistent with health. 
 
 12. The apothecary is chiefly employed to counteract 
 the cook and vintner. Nature delights in the most plain 
 and simple diet. 
 
 13. Most people are the best judges of their own con- 
 stitutions, and know what kind and what proportion of 
 food agrees with them best. 
 
 14. Artificial provocations only create a false appetite. 
 
 15. If you cannot do without wine, never drink more 
 than a few glasses. 
 
 16. A particular and very intelligent friend of mine, 
 (says Sir Richard,) was extremely partial to what is 
 called good living; and having a wife, of whom he was 
 particularly fond, and a numerous offspring, he was de- 
 sirous of living long enough to see them settled in the 
 world. 
 
 17. He was, however, of a very infirm constitution, 
 till he was about fifty years old, when, requesting my ad- 
 vice how to obtain that valuable end, I strongly recom- 
 mended him to persist in an exact course of temperance 
 and exercise, by duly attending to which, he recovered 
 a sound and perfect state of health. 
 
 18. At the period I am speaking of, a train of infirmi- 
 ties had made great inroads in his constitution, and he 
 had fallen into different kinds of disorders, such as colic, 
 gout, spasms, etc., and continued slow fever, so that the 
 best delivery he had to hope for (except for the sake of 
 his numerous family) was death to end his pains and 
 misery. 
 
 19. The result of my advice, which I here give in his 
 own words, is as follows : " When," says he to me, " I 
 
126 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 resolved firmly to live a temperate life, I soon found my- 
 self entirely freed from all my complaints, and have con- 
 tinued so even to this day, and I am now more than one 
 hundred years old. 
 
 20. I am now convinced that we should consider a 
 regular life as a physician, and which is our natural and 
 proper physic, since it preserves us in health, makes us 
 live sound and hearty to great age, and prevents us dying 
 of sickness through a corruption of humors. 
 
 21. Whoever, trusting either to his youth or strength 
 of constitution, slights my observations, must live in con- 
 stant danger of disease and death. 
 
 22. I am now fully convinced, from experience, that 
 the man who leads a regular and sober life, is more likely 
 to live long and healthy than a young man who leads an 
 irregular and intemperate life, however strong his con- 
 stitution may be. 
 
 23. I have heard some sensual, inconsiderate persons 
 affirm, that a long life is no blessing, and that, when a 
 man has passed his seventieth year, he is better dead 
 than alive. 
 
 24. This, however, I know to be an error ; for I am 
 now as well as ever I was in my life, (and perhaps bet- 
 ter). I even now relish every enjoyment of life better 
 than when I was young. I sleep every night soundly 
 and quietly, and all my dreams are pleasant and agreeable. 
 
 25. I am likewise now sure that even persons of a bad 
 constitution may, by leading a sober and regular life, live 
 to as great an age as I have done ; for I solemnly declare 
 that my brain is as much itself now as ever it was. 
 
 26. Some, perhaps, will say that, without leading a 
 regular life, there have been some that have lived to one 
 hundred years or more, and therefore think that they 
 
RULES FOR THE PRESERVATION OF HEALTH. 127 
 
 may be equally fortunate ; but I must tell such persons 
 that not one in ten thousand ever attain that happiness ; 
 and those who do, generally contract some disease which 
 carries them off. 
 
 27. Therefore, the surest way is to embrace sobriety. 
 
 28. What I call a regular and sober life is, not to eat 
 and drink such things as disagree with the stomach, nor 
 to eat or drink more than the stomach can easily digest. 
 
 29. There are, I know, some old epicures who insist 
 that it is requisite that they should eat and drink a great 
 deal, in order to keep up their natural heat and strength; 
 and that were they to lead a temperate life, it would be 
 but a short one ; but I know that large quantities of food 
 cannot be digested, especially by old and feeble stomachs. 
 
 30. Old people should eat often, and in small portions. 
 
 31. Others will say that a sober life may indeed keep 
 a man in health, but cannot prolong life. 
 
 32. This I know likewise to be false, for I am myself 
 a living instance of it ; had I not followed the advice of 
 my friend, Dr. Jebb, but continued in my former way of 
 living, I am sure I should have been in the grave years 
 
 33. Oh! what a difference I have found between a 
 regular and irregular life ; one gives health and longevity, 
 the other disease and untimely death. 
 
 34. And it surely must be a great pleasure to a sober 
 man to reflect, that the way he lives will keep him in 
 good health, and be productive of no disease or impurity. 
 
 35. It is impossible, in the common nature of things, 
 that he who lives a regular and sober life should breed 
 any sickness, or die an untimely death, before the time 
 at which it is impossible he should live ; but sooner he 
 cannot die, as a sober life removes all the usual causes 
 of sickness, and sickness cannot happen without a cause. 
 
128 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 36. Health and sickness, life and death, certainly de- 
 pend on the bad qualities of the humors. Temperance 
 corrects and renders them perfect, having the natural 
 power of uniting and binding them together, so as to 
 render them inseparable and incapable of alteration or 
 fermentation — circumstances which engender cruel fever, 
 and end in death. 
 
 37. For myself, I am even now, at the age of one 
 hundred and seven, hearty and happy, eating with a 
 good appetite and sleeping soundly. 
 
 38. My senses are likewise as good as ever they were ; 
 my understanding as clear and bright as ever; my judg- 
 ment is sound; my memory tenacious; my spirits good, 
 and my voice (the first thing that generally fails us) 
 strong and sonorous ; and certainly these are true and 
 sure signs that my humors are good, and cannot waste 
 but with time. 
 
 39. I likewise enjoy the satisfaction of conversing with 
 men of bright parts and superior understanding, from 
 whom, even at this advanced period, I learn something. 
 
 40. "What a pleasure and comfort it is that at my time 
 of life, I should be able, without the least fatigue, to 
 study the most important subjects; nor is it possible 
 that any one should grow tired of such delightful enjoy- 
 ment, which every one else might enjoy by only leading 
 the life I have led. 
 
 41. So that, to finish my discourse, I say, since length 
 of days abounds with so many blessings, and I happen 
 to be one who has arrived at that state, it is, I conceive, 
 my bounden duty to give testimony in favor of it, and 
 solemnly assure all mankind that I really (even at this 
 time of life) enjoy more happiness than I can describe ; 
 and that what I have here stated is solely to demonstrate 
 
BILL OF FARE — RULES FOR INVALIDS. 129 
 
 the great advantages derived from longevity, that others 
 may be induced to observe the delightful rules of tem- 
 perance and sobriety. 
 
 42. A sober man relishes every enjoyment of life ; 
 drunkenness expells reason, drowns the memory, defaces 
 beauty, diminishes strength, inflames the blood, causes 
 internal, external, and incurable wounds, makes a strong 
 man weak, and a wise man a fool ; he drinks to the 
 health of others, and robs himself of his own. 
 
 43. Now, taking my leave, I say, may others' years be 
 as long and as happy as mine, and may they live in vir- 
 tue and good will toward all." 
 
 BILL OF FARE AND RULES FOR INVALIDS AND OTHERS. 
 
 Articles Prohibited. — Warm meats of all kinds ; soup, 
 gravy and spices ; coffee and green tea ; salt fish, lobsters 
 and crabs ; fresh bread and pastry; mince pie and cake; 
 ardent spirits and malt liquors ; unripe fruits, pickels and 
 nuts ; tobacco in every form ; all other indigestible kinds 
 of food. 
 
 Diet Recommended. — Bread made of wheat, ground 
 coarse, and unbolted ; Indian rye, good butter, potatoes, 
 rice, and stewed fruit ; plain puddings and custard, milk 
 and molosses, when they agree ; cocoa shell made the 
 same as coffee, weak black tea, oysters, fresh and salt 
 water fish, and salt codfish ; eggs cooked rare, onions 
 thoroughly boiled. 
 
 Remarks. — I have mentioned the kind of diet which 
 should be rejected, and which, as a general rule, should 
 betaken; but there maybe some exceptions, inasmuch 
 as what may agree with one will not agree with another 
 In such cases, it must be left to the choice of the patient, 
 9 
 
130 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 bearing in mind that whatever digests well or rests easy 
 on the stomach, may be safely taken ; but it should 
 never be overloaded even with light food. Eo late sup- 
 pers, and early rising. As much depends upon the 
 quantity as the quality of the food. As great an amount 
 of guilt is attached to the man who gluts or poisons 
 himself to death, as to the one who cuts his throat or 
 hangs himself. Rise with an appetite. 
 
 " Let supper little be, and light, 
 But none makes the best night." 
 
 Again : 
 
 After breakfast walk a while, 
 After dinner sit a while, 
 After supper walk a mile. 
 
 Masticate or chew the food well. Eat slow. Drink 
 no hot liquids. Meals should be taken at regular inter- 
 vals, and as near as possible at six hours apart, and noth- 
 ing between them, and none just before going to bed. 
 
 Abstinence should be preferred to medicine. It is 
 beneficial to omit a meal occasionally, particularly if a 
 little unwell. E"o naps should be taken after dinner. 
 Sleeping apartments should be well ventilated; but no 
 current of air should come directly upon the bed. A1J. 
 bedclothes to be well aired. No corsets or tight clothes 
 to be worn. Flannel should be taken off on going to 
 bed, and it is best to wear it over the shirt. It is much 
 better to wear muslin than linen ; it preserves a more 
 uniform temperature. Take a shower bath daily, or at 
 fartherest, weekly ; after which, rub the whole surface 
 briskly with a coarse towel, and particularly any part 
 which is weak. Bathe the throat, neck, head, and breast, 
 
BILL OF FARE — RULES FOR INVALIDS. 131 
 
 for sore throat, earache, weak lungs, eyes, and nervous 
 affections. Ablution or bathing the body is a good sub- 
 stitute for the shower bath ; if the skin is very foul, add 
 a little ley to the water. Exercise in the open air is very 
 neeesssary. Walking, riding, digging, plowing, and 
 the spinning-wheel, are all very good. Feather beds are 
 very injurious, especially in the summer season, straw or 
 hair mattresses should be substituted. Avoid over exer- 
 tion and fatigue as much as indolence. Avoid a stream 
 of air, while in a state of perspiration, as you would an 
 arrow. Avoid fretting and scolding and corroding care. 
 Avoid the crowded party, ball-room and theater. 
 
 Says Hassar Imma, an Arabian : " Start from your 
 couch betimes. The moments of the morning are sacred 
 and salubrious ; then the genii of health descend and 
 communicate with those who visit the herbage of the 
 field while rich with the dews of heaven. 
 
 " How pure and sweet the smell of the air in this un- 
 polluted state, before it is . contaminated with corporeal 
 effluvia. The fragrance of the groves will regale your 
 senses, and the melody of birds allure your hearts to 
 gratitude and praise ; your regimen ought to be simple 
 and inartificial. Drink only the simple water. It is the 
 beverage of nature, and not by any means, or in any way, 
 to be improved by art. ~No spirits whatever are half so 
 salutary. It is stronger than the strongest wine, purer 
 than the virgin honey, and sweeter than the sweetest 
 nectar. 
 
 " Cleanliness is one of our greatest concerns. All ani- 
 mals are subject to its laws. The means of it are always 
 at hand. The limpid stream and the briny wave were 
 for this purpose ordained and given to the inhabitants of 
 the earth. They purify the surface, and they brace and 
 
132 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 strengthen at the same time all the nerves and fibres of 
 the human frame. In this manner have the destinies 
 proscribed nastiness. It is the source of innumerable 
 diseases. It is loathsome and detestable, and the man or 
 woman who is averse to bathe or wash ought not to live. 
 
 "Forget not to mingle moderation and abstinence even 
 with the holiest rites of wedlock. A proper and habit- 
 ual restraint in conjugal pleasure, is like incense to the 
 flames of the altar ; so far from quenching, it cherishes 
 and improves the heavenly fire. Healthy, happy, vigor- 
 ous and beautiful are the offspring of chaste and rational 
 love." 
 
 Study to acquire a composure of mind and body. 
 Avoid agitation or hurry of one or the other, especially 
 just before and after meals, and while the process of di- 
 gestion is going on. To this end, govern your temper ; 
 endeavor to look at the bright side of things ; keep down 
 as much as possible the unruly passions; discard envy, 
 hatred and malice, and lay your head upon your pillow 
 in charity with all mankind. 
 
 Let not your wants outrun your means. Whatever 
 difficulties you may have to encounter, be not perplexed, 
 but only think what is right to do in the sight of Him 
 who seeth all things, and bear the result without repin- 
 ing. "If I were asked," says a writer, " on what condi- 
 tions more than others health and purity depend, I should 
 reply, active exercise, attractive industry, and healthful em- 
 ployment for body and mindT In a word, there must be 
 universal temperance, regularity and exercise, in order 
 to secure health and long life. 
 
 In all cases of tolerable health, and in those cases of 
 milder disease, where exercise, drink, sleep, etc., can be 
 

 INSTANCES OF LONGEVITY. 133 
 
 so regulated as to bring about the restoration of health, 
 medicine should be avoided. 
 
 It is only by obedience to these constitutional laws, 
 fixed and immutable as the laws of the planetary world, 
 which a wise and benevolent Creator has established in 
 our nature, that life and health can be secured. 
 
 REMARKABLE INSTANCES OF LONGEVITY. 
 
 Isabel Walker, a Scotch woman, died at one hundred 
 and twelve, without much severity of regimen ; but she 
 was distinguished by a placidity of temper, and possess- 
 ed that medium state of habit, neither lean nor corpu- 
 lent, favorable to long life. 
 
 Peter Garden, a Scotchman, died at the age of one 
 hundred and thirty-one; his stature was tall and his em- 
 ployment agriculture, which he continued to his death, 
 with a wonderful appearance of freshness and youth. 
 
 John Taylor, a Scotch miner, lived to one hundred 
 and thirty-two; his teeth continued sound to the last. 
 
 Gylloul Macrain, a native of the Island of Toura, in 
 the Hebrides, died after keeping one hundred Christmas 
 masses. 
 
 Catherine, Countess of Desmond, in Ireland, who died 
 in the reign of James the First, was one hundred and 
 forty, and thrice in her life she renewed her teeth. 
 
 Brian Monagher, a native of Ireland, walked twenty 
 miles to vote at a contested election in Queen county, he 
 being then one hundred and fourteen years old. The 
 law required that forty shilling freeholders should renew 
 the registering of their qualifications every seven years, 
 and so little idea had this farmer of death, that, in giv- 
 ing a plumper to Sir Henry Parnell, he intimated his in- 
 
134 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 tention of registering as a £50 freeholder the next time, 
 which answers for life. 
 
 Thomas Parr, a native of Shropshire, was buried in 
 the Abbey of Westminster at the age of one hundred 
 and fifty-two. 
 
 Lawrence, a native of the Shetland Islands, married 
 at the age of one hundred, and died at one hundred and 
 forty. 
 
 Kentigern, or St. Mungo, Bishop of Glasgow, lived to 
 the age of one hundred and eighty-five, as certified on 
 his monument. 
 
 Henry Jenkins, of North Allerton, Yorkshire, lived 
 to the age of one hundred and sixty-nine, being first a 
 laborer, and afterwards a fisherman. 
 
 Sarah Rouen, one hundred and sixty-four, and John 
 Rouen, her husband, one hundred and seventy -two, were 
 married one hundred and forty-seven years, both natives 
 of the Directory of Carsoueber. 
 
 Petratsch Zolton, a native of Hungary, and a cow-herd, 
 lived to one hundred and eighty-five. 
 
 The greater proportion of these persons were natives 
 of Scotland, though it is known that the most numerous 
 instances of longevity are to be met with in Norway and 
 Russia. Out of 6,229 persons in Norway, sixty-three 
 had lived to a hundred ; and out of 726,273 in Russia, 
 two hundred and sixteen attained one hundred years, two 
 hundred and twenty above it, and four one hundred and 
 thirty. In the list of longevity enumerated above, all 
 those persons were of a low situation in life, except the 
 Countess of Desmond, and the diet of all of them seems 
 to be moderate, and in some instances abstemious. 
 Parr's maxims of health were to keep the head cool by tem- 
 perance, your feet warm by exercise, to rise early and go 
 
INSTANCES OF LONGEVITY. 135 
 
 soon to bed, and if you are not inclined to get fat, to keep 
 your eyes open and your mouth shut, or be moderate in 
 your sleep and diet. 
 
 The diet of Jenkins is said to have been coarse -and 
 sour, and in the North of England, distinguished for long 
 lived people, it is much the same, consisting of salted 
 meat and sour leavened bread. 
 
 Zolton's diet consisted entirely of milk and cakes, with 
 a glass of brandy, and being of the Greek Church, he 
 was to the last a strict observer of all their fasts. 
 
 The following instance of longevity is mentioned in 
 the St.Petersburgh Gazette : "There is living near Polosk, 
 on the frontiers of Lithuania, a man named Demetrius 
 Crabowski, who is one hundred and sixty-eight years old. 
 He has always led the humble but tranquil life of a 
 shepherd, assisted by his two sons, the eldest of whom 
 is one hundred and twenty, and the youngest ninety- 
 seven years old. This man has lately died, aged one 
 hundred and eighty-eight. He had seen seven monarchs 
 on the throne of Russia, and served G-ustavus Adolphus 
 as a soldier during the Thirty Years' War. At ninety- 
 three he married his third wife, who lived fifty years with 
 him, and bore several children." 
 
 A person named Francisco died at the the head of 
 Lake Ckamplain ? aged 138. He was at the coronation 
 of Queen Anne, was in several battles under the Duke 
 of Marlborough, served in the British army during the 
 French war in America, served as a soldier in the Amer- 
 ican Revolution, was desirous to serve in the Inst war, 
 but was considered too old. His diet was very simple, 
 seldom eat flesh, generally supped on milk. At the ago 
 of ninety he was active and cheerful, and able to perform 
 light labor. 
 
136 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Thomas Cam died at the age of 207 years. Of this 
 individual the following account is given in Taylor's 
 Annals of Health and Long Life : " The most remarkable 
 instance of longevity which we meet with in British 
 history, is that of Thomas Cam, who, according to the 
 parish register of St. Leonard Shoreditch, died on the 
 26th of January, 1588, at the astonishing age of 207 
 years. He was born in the reign of Richard the Second, 
 A. D., 1381, and lived in the reigns of twelve Kings and 
 Queens, viz: Richard II., Henry IV., V. and VI., Ed- 
 ward IV. and V., Richard III., Henry VII. and VUL, 
 Edward VI., Mary and Elizabeth. The veracity of this 
 statement may be readily ascertained by any person who 
 may choose to consult the above register." 
 
 Jonathan Foster, at the close of the war, retired to 
 Mason, E". H., where he lived in a shanty in the woods, 
 far from trouble and care, and upon the plainest and 
 simplest food, with water only for his drink. He died 
 at the age of 103. 
 
 Old Dr. Holyoke died a few years since in one of the 
 !New England States, aged over 100. He lived very fru- 
 gal and temperate. 
 
 Sergeant Andrew Wallace, of Pennsylvania, died a 
 few years since, aged 105. He lived strictly temperate, 
 drank almost exclusively water, food plain and simple. 
 He had his sixth wife, and was the father of thirty-four 
 children. While attending a cannon on the Fourth of 
 July, he was struck down by lightning, and lay in an 
 insensible state for seventeen days, without any signs of 
 life, except a little warmth at the pit of the stomach. 
 
 This should be a caution against premature interments. 
 William Tennant, a Presbyterian minister, lay three days 
 in a trance, and it was very difficult for his physician to 
 prevent his friends from burying him. 
 
COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF LONGEVITY. 137 
 
 The following is an epitaph on Margaret Scott's tomb- 
 stone, in Scotland : 
 
 Stop, passenger, until my life you read, 
 The living may get knowledge from the dead. 
 Five times five years I lived a virgin's life, 
 Ten times five years I lived a widow chaste; 
 Now, wearied of this mortal life, I rest. 
 Between my cradle and my grave have been 
 Eight mighty kings of Scotland and a queen ; 
 Four times five years the Commonwealth I saw, 
 Ten times the subjects rose against the law; 
 Twice did I see old Prelacy pulled down, 
 And twice the cloak was humbled by the gown ; 
 An end of Stuart's race I saw — nay, more, 
 My native country sold for English ore; 
 Such desolations in my time have been, 
 I have an end of all perfection seen. 
 
 COMPARATIVE STATEMENT OF LONGEVITY. 
 
 To these facts we may add, in comparing the different 
 classes of society with respect to longevity, that the pro- 
 fession of the gardener is the most healthy ; next to it, 
 husbandmen are also healthy ; but from their great ex- 
 ertion and exposure to every weather, they are soon 
 worn out, and generally old men before fifty. Manufac- 
 turers are neither healthy or long-lived. Miners, who 
 are much below ground, are generally healthy and often 
 long-lived. Soldiers, unless cut off by the casualties of 
 war, are long-lived, as well as sailors, who are generally 
 healthy. 
 
 Persons engaged in commerce, if not too speculative, 
 and their minds racked with anxiety, are generally long- 
 lived. The voluptuous, both in town and country, arc 
 generally cut off in their prime, from their constant ex- 
 cesses. The learned professions, at the farthest, seldom 
 
138 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 exceed the age of eighty. In addition to these truths, 
 it may be observed, in respect to the sexes, that women 
 are generally longer lived than the men, and mothers 
 than single women. On this solid foundation, then, 
 illustrated in the preceding pages, is the code of 
 longevity built, which no speculative reasoning can 
 overturn, and which every practical fact tend to confirm 
 and enforce. The means of carrying it into effect are 
 simple and clear, neither wrapped in mystery nor needing 
 disguise to recommend them. 
 
 I shall conclude the different chapters on health and 
 longevity by introducing a few anecdotes. 
 
 A very aged man was called into court as a witness. 
 The Judge being struck with the advanced age of the 
 witness, asked him how he lived to be such an old man. 
 He replied in the following language : 
 
 "Wine and women I always refused, 
 Late hours I never used, 
 I kept my head and feet from cold, 
 And that is the reason I am so old." 
 
 JBoerhaave. — This celebrated physician and scholar, in 
 his will, ordered that all his books and manuscripts should 
 be burnt, one large volume with silver clasps excepted. The 
 physical people flocked to Ley don, entreating his execu- 
 tors to destroy his will. The effects were sold. A Ger- 
 man count, convinced that the great gilt book contained 
 the whole arcanum of physic, bought it for two thousand 
 guilders. It was all blank but the first page, on which 
 was written : Keep the head cool, the feet warm, and 
 the body open, and then bid defiance to the physicians. 
 
 Three Great Physicians. — The bed-side of the celebrat- 
 ed Desmoulins, a few hours before he breathed his last, 
 was surrounded by the most eminent physicians of Paris, 
 
PRELIMINARY REMARKS, 139 
 
 who affected to think that his death would be an irrep- 
 arable loss to the profession. 
 
 "Gentlemen," said Desmoulins, "you are in error. I 
 shall leave behind me three distinguished physicians." 
 
 Being pressed to name them, as each expected to be 
 in the trio, he answered, " Water, Exercise and Diet." 
 
 The Secret let out. — A friend of mine, Wait Munson, 
 during his residence in Ohio, asked the physician in his 
 place what he did when he or his family became sick. 
 He replied, " we abstain only" " And why do you not 
 recommend the same tfo your patients ?" " 0," said he, 
 "in that case I should lose them all!" 
 
 PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 
 
 Dr. W. Beach properly gives the definition of health 
 and disease as follows : 
 
 Health. — When all the functions of the system are duly 
 performed, a person may be said to be in health. 
 
 Disease. — Any alteration from this state, or when any 
 part ceases to perform its office or functions, disease is 
 the consequence. It is a salutary effect of nature to re- 
 pair an injury to the system or re-establish health. What 
 is termed disease, appears, in reality, to be nothing more 
 than an inherent principle in the system to restore 
 healthy action, or to resist offending causes, rain or 
 disease is not the result of any new or independent ac- 
 tion in the system, but arises from an excess of excite- 
 ment in the healthy functions of the body ; or, in other 
 words, is like fever, a healthy or conservative power of 
 nature to expel noxious agents or restore health. 
 
 Disease a Unit. — Is it irrational or unpliilosophical to 
 consider disease a unit ? — all its innumerable forms or 
 
140 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 systems being derived from one cause acting upon differ- 
 ent organs or tissues of the body. 
 
 Disease, Primary or Symptomatic. — Disease is either 
 primary or symptomatic. Primary, when it does not 
 depend upon any other. Symptomatic, when it does de- 
 pend on some other complaint ; for instance, when the 
 head aches, by reason of a disordered state of the stom- 
 ach. 
 
 Disease is Acute or Chronic. — Acute, when the attack is 
 very severe, attended with violent symptoms, terminates 
 in a few days, and is dangerous'. Chronic, when it is 
 slow in its progress, little or no inflammation, and is not 
 attended with immediate danger. 
 
 Peculiarity of Constitution, (Idiosyncrasy.) — A peculiari- 
 ty of constitution, in which a person is affected by cer- 
 tain agents, which, if applied to a hundred other persons, 
 would produce no effect. Thus some people cannot see a 
 finger bleed without fainting ; and thus violent inflam- 
 mation is induced on the skin of some persons by sub- 
 stances that are perfectly innocent to others. 
 
 State of the Mind. — Fear, anxiety, and a fretful temper 
 occasion and aggravate disease. In vain do we apply 
 medicines to the body for diseases which proceed from 
 the mind. When that is affected, the best medicine is 
 to soothe the passions, to divert the mind from anxious 
 thought, and to keep the patient as easy and cheerful as 
 possible. This constitutes a considerable part of the 
 duty of those who prescribe medicine to the sick. 
 
 Age. — Here it must be observed that the doses of medi- 
 cine mentioned in this work, (with some exceptions, 
 pointed out in their place,) are those adapted for an 
 adult ; but as in the two extremes of life, childhood and 
 old age, the body is weaker, and in early youth more 
 
PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 141 
 
 susceptible of all the impressions, these quantities cannot 
 be administered with safety in every case; and hence 
 the judgment of the prescriber must be exercised. 
 
 Sex.— Although some women possess as much bodily 
 strength and vigor of constitution as the majority of 
 men, yet the greater delicacy and sensibility of the fe- 
 male frame, at every period of life, requires not only 
 caution in apportioning the doses of active medicine, 
 which should be less than those ordered for man of the 
 same age, but the medicines themselves should be such 
 as are likely to fulfill the indication without much vio- 
 lence. The state of the uterine system likewise must 
 not be overlooked in prescribing for a female. Thus the 
 employment of aloctic and drastic purgatives should be 
 suspended during the period of pregnancy. 
 
 Temperaments. — It is undoubtedly true that persons of 
 different temperaments, or original confirmations of body, 
 are differently affected by the operations of medicines. 
 Stimulants more readily affect those of a sanguine than 
 those of a phlegmatic temperament, and, therefore, smaller 
 doses are required. In the phlegmatic, also, the bowels 
 are generally torpid, and require both a prescription of 
 purgatives and such doses as would endanger an irritable 
 and delicate constitution. 
 
 Habit. — Habits have considerable influence in modif}^- 
 ing the operation of medicines. Persons addicted to the 
 use of spirits, narcotics, and other stimulants, are less 
 easily excited, both by medicinal stimulants and narcotics. 
 Persons in the daily habit of taking purgatives, must 
 take a different article to produce much effect upon the 
 bowels. In the employment of medicines, which require 
 to be long continued, the beneficial effect is soon lost if 
 the dose be not increased. 
 
142 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Of the form and composition of Prescriptions. — In every 
 prescription simplicity should be kept in view ; and when 
 such medicine will answer the intention of the prescrib- 
 es it ought to be preferred. The nauseous taste, how- 
 ever, and other qualities of some medicines, require the 
 addition of others to modfy their taste or action ; but, 
 although medicines are more generally prescribed in a 
 compound form, yet the practice of accumulating a 
 great variety of ingredients in one prescription should 
 be avoided. 
 
 Medicines exhibited in a fluid form operate sooner and 
 with more certainty than in the solid state ; but in 
 choosing the vehicle or solvent, the taste of the patient 
 ought not to be overlooked. Syrups do this tolerably 
 well. Medicines, which, when given alone, produce 
 griping, require the addition of aromatics to correct that 
 quality ; and when they operate with violence, mucilages 
 or opiates are necessary to moderate their action. In 
 prescribing purgatives, it is also necessary to consider the 
 particular part of the alimentary canal on wbich they 
 immediately act. Thus, rhubarb acts chiefly on the up- 
 per part of the bowels, aloes on the lower, and jalap and 
 senna on the whole intestines. Another reason for or- 
 dering medicines in a compound form is the necessity of 
 producing two or more effects at one time. Thus the 
 same dose may be required in a case of colic, for example, 
 to allay pain and open the bowels, or in fever to determine 
 to the skin, to allay irritation and to produce sleep. But, 
 in combining medicines, care must be taken not to bring 
 together incompatibles, or substances that decompose each 
 other, or chemically combine, and, consequently, alter the 
 nature of the mixture, or render it inert, unless the re- 
 sulting compound be the remedy on which the prescrib- 
 
PRELIMINARY REMARKS. 143 
 
 er relies. Thus acids and alkalies are incompatible, un- 
 less the neutral salt be the remedy required. 
 
 Doses. — It should be remembered that when we speak 
 of a tea-spoonful being a dose, one of an ordinary size 
 is meant, which is a fluid drachm. "When a table-spoonful 
 is mentioned, one of an ordinary size is ment, and which 
 is a half an ounce. 
 
 Pills. — When the weight of pills is not mentioned, 
 those of an ordinary size are ment ; they contain usually 
 three or four grains. 
 
 I prefer this method because it is much more conveni- 
 ent than to weigh every time it is necessary to adminis- 
 ter it, and it is sufficiently accurate for all ordinary 
 medicines. When greater accuracy is required, the 
 weight and measure will be mentioned. 
 
 Prescriptions. — Every prescription or direction for the 
 administration of medicines, except the prescriber gives 
 it himself, should be in writing, and that very plain and 
 explicit. The quantity to be given, and the time when it 
 should be given, ought to be particularly mentioned, and 
 these directions ought to be left with the nurse only. 
 Many valuable lives have been lost for the want of these 
 precautions. 
 
 Cardinal rules in the Practice of Medicine to be committed 
 to memory. — 1. As far as practicable, ascertain the dis- 
 ease ; 2. What indication or intention to fulfil in treating it; 
 3. The best agent or means to accomplish this object; 4. 
 To administer the medicine at the right time, or when it 
 is obviously required; 5. Give as little medicine as possi- 
 ble to answer the purpose ; 6. Give the most simple 
 kinds of compounds; 7. To know when to omit the ad- 
 ministration of medicine, and to rely on the resources of 
 nature, with diet, bathing, regimen and nursing. In 
 
144 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 these rules consist the principal art of healing the sick. 
 The physician who assists our nature to throw off dis- 
 ease and recover health with the least use of medicine, 
 is the best friend to our constitution, and evinces the 
 most true science and skill, and deserves our highest re- 
 spect and warmest gratitude. The greater the ability, 
 age, and experience of physicians, the less medicine they 
 give ; the longer they practice, the more they depend on 
 the restorative efforts of nature, and the less confidence 
 they have in the specifics of art. Therefore, do not think 
 less favorably of your physician, if you employ one, be- 
 cause he prescribes little. Thousands are sent to their 
 graves by the very medicines which are intended to cure 
 them. I would, therefore, try to impress upon the mind 
 of the reader, that too much attention cannot possibly 
 be paid to the observance of the foregoing rules. 
 
PAET II. 
 
 DISEASES AND TREATMENT. 
 
 CANCEE. 
 
 The first disease to which I shall call the reader's at- 
 tention is cancer and cancerous affections. This dis- 
 ease is one of the most frightful, and at the same time 
 one of the most difficult with which the profession have 
 to contend. In all ages of the world, it seems to have 
 baffled every effort made to subdue it, and all authors 
 generally consider it incurable, except by extirpation, as 
 soon as the disease is made certain. To this theory I 
 beg leave to offer my dissent, and hope in these pages to 
 convince the reader that by strict attention, and the ap- 
 plication of proper remedies, this loathsome affection 
 may be easily and most effectually conquered. In the 
 course of my practice, I once treated, and entirely cured, 
 the worst case of this disease I ever saw ; and had there 
 been no other mode of treatment than that of resorting 
 to the knife, the patient would have certainly lost his 
 head, for almost every part of his face and mouth was 
 under the influence of the hideous monster which was 
 dragging him down to death. Yet he was cured, and 
 his face healed up. Extirpation will not always work a 
 total eradication of the disease ; for I have known many 
 cases where the knife had been freely used, and a cure 
 supposed to have been effected, yet, in less than three 
 10 
 
146 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 years, these same cases have been brought to me in order 
 to have the affection removed from the system. I have 
 also known other cases that were just as badly treated by 
 those who professed to understand the disease, and who, 
 perhaps, had but one mode of treatment for every class 
 of cases; and after butchering and torturing the patient, 
 leaving some injured and disfigured for life, and a dis- 
 ease, the result of the use of mineral medicines, left in 
 the system, which was even worse than the cancer itself 
 I have treated both of these classes of cases, and found 
 them much more difficult to manage than where no 
 treatment of any kind had been resorted to. But it may 
 be urged in objection to my treatment, that if I do not 
 cut, I burn, and that one is as bad as the other. In an- 
 swer to this objection, I may remark that there is just as 
 much difference between the two operations as there is 
 in cutting off the stalk of a bush with an axe, and kill- 
 ing it with salt, or the bitterings of salt ; for in the first 
 case the root is subject to sprout again, while in the 
 second case the treatment kills the root as well as the 
 top of the bush. I claim that a cancer which has been 
 extirpated by the knife, although for a while seemingly 
 eradicated, will eventually break out again with all its 
 original fury. The same result will also follow where a 
 cancer is only partly eaten out by medicine ; but when 
 an application is made which goes at once to the seat of 
 the disease, which destroys not only the main body, but 
 every root and fibre, one may then reasonably hope to 
 effect a perfect and permanent cure ; for we not only re- 
 move the disease, but the cause which produces it. I 
 do not wish to be understood as waging a wholesale war 
 against surgery or surgeons, for they are indispensable, 
 and, when properly employed, are the means of doing a 
 
CANCER. 147 
 
 great deal of good. But I do think, that if they would 
 devote as much of their time to the " healing art" as 
 they do to the " cutting art," or " butchering business," 
 and heal the patient instead of carving him up, we would 
 have a fewer number of cripples, and human suffering 
 would be alleviated much more than it now is. In many 
 cases, it is much more troublesome and difficult to heal 
 than it is to amputate ; and I fear that this fact has its 
 influence over those to whom are confided the lives and 
 limbs of their fellow-men. A surgeon can amputate a 
 limb and cast it away. The stump, if properly treated, 
 will heal, and become perfectly cured. Not so, however, 
 with a cancer. The most skillful surgeons fail to reach 
 all the parts of this hideous monster, and after their 
 most labored and minute investigation, there is still left 
 a germ, from which it springs forth anew. 
 
 After having had some thirty years of practical expe- 
 rience in treating this disease, I feel safe in asserting 
 that the knife is not the means to be made use of in re- 
 moving this disease ; and in the course of these pages I 
 hope to lay before my readers a theory which will enable 
 all who are afflicted with this disease to successfully sub- 
 due and conquer it. I believe that there are but very 
 few cases which will not yield to judicious treatment. 
 
 The commencement of a disease is the time when the 
 remedy should be applied. This is true of all classes of 
 disease, and especially in the case of cancer. It is very 
 important that every one should be sufficiently acquaint- 
 ed with their physical organization to detect at once the 
 approach of this terrible foe, and when its presence is 
 known, to adopt immediate measures to arrest its pro- 
 gress. Many persons are in the habit of sending tor a 
 physician upon the slightest pretext, when, in reality. 
 
148 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 there is not the least shadow of an excuse for so doing ; 
 and under the false impression of warding off a threat- 
 ened attack, dose themselves with a large quantity of 
 drugs, the influence of which is more deleterious than 
 the effects of one-half the diseases to which human 
 flesh is heir. Acting under this mistaken theory, persons 
 not only lose their time, but frequently lose health, money, 
 and sometimes their lives. Others again place great de- 
 pendence on patent medicines, which, in nine cases out 
 of ten, are a filthy, nauseous compound, calculated to do 
 more harm than good, and sure only to relieve the suf- 
 ferer of his money. 
 
 Cancer seems to arise from a degeneracy in a gland in 
 the skin, or other parts, from which is produced the or- 
 ganization of a decline in good quality. This substance 
 is formed with the power of growth, and also of secret- 
 ing a humor which is destructive to the human system. 
 This local decline arises in most cases from some general 
 cause which lurks in the system, and want of a proper 
 understanding of this cause will explain why so little 
 has been accomplished in all former attempts to remedy 
 this disease. The investigation of this subject is one of 
 great magnitude, for it comprehends within its legitimate 
 limits the cause, prevention and cure of the most ter- 
 rible and loathsome diseases which have ever fastened 
 themselves upon the human system. One very import- 
 ant point in the treatment of this disease, is to fully un- 
 derstand the constitution and habits of the patient. There 
 can be no doubt that cancer is a disease which may be 
 inherited, and which may have its foundation deep in 
 the physical constitution of the patient. In a case of 
 this kind, it is an all-important matter to work upon the 
 constitution and blood, and to devote strict attention to 
 
CANCEK. 149 
 
 the bowels and the diet of the patient. His food should 
 be light and nourishing ; for if the system is kept in a 
 sinking state, the prospect of working a cure of a con- 
 stitutional cancer will be very meagre. I am aware that 
 there are many persons who will differ from me in the 
 above opinions, but the experience of a quarter of a 
 century confirms me in my belief. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of cancer may be thus 
 described: As the parts liable to be affected by this dis- 
 ease are various, so are the symptoms which denote the 
 commencement of the affection. "With but few excep- 
 tions, however, a scirrhus, or hard tumor, which is con- 
 sidered as the occult or primary stage of cancer, becomes 
 an ill-conditioned ulcer, discharging a foetid, ichorous, 
 and often a bloody humor, attended with quick pain. 
 Shooting pains are also present while the scirrhus state 
 exists. The edges of the cancerous ulcer are hard, un- 
 even and reverted; the bottom uneven, and disposed 
 to form a kind of fungus, which contaminates the whole 
 system, affecting the neighboring glands. This may be 
 observed under the arm-pits, when the breast is the seat 
 of the cancer. The composition of cancers is various. 
 They are mostly a tissue of gristly or cartilaginous lines, 
 with flesh between them. Sometimes we find a watery 
 sack, with a smooth fungus within. At other times they 
 are more of a hydatid nature. There are also sores of a 
 nature apparently simple, which secrete a humor that 
 corrodes the diseased flesh. 
 
 Cancers in the Breasts of Women proceed from small or 
 large knots or lumps that form themselves in tumors, 
 which begin with shooting pains, and after a while grow- 
 to the skin and then to the muscles, producing various 
 veins and puckerings of the skin, making a hard, uneven 
 
150 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 surface, and often covering up the nipple. The color at 
 first is dusky and leaden, which soon after changes to a 
 dark red. The tumor becomes quite polished just before 
 it ulcerates, and at this period a tendency to ulceration 
 becomes obvious. A cancer is an ulcer of the worst de- 
 scription. Its surface is uneven, its edges ragged and 
 painful, and it sometimes spreads itself very rapidly, and 
 discharges a thin corrosive matter, which excoriates the 
 neighboring integuments, and generally has a very foetid 
 smell; generally swelled, hard and painful edges. The 
 disease is mostly confined to the glands, and particularly 
 the breast. Occasionally it makes its appearance in the 
 angles of the eyes, and in the tongue. It is most fre- 
 quently met with in persons advanced in life, and par- 
 ticularly in women about the time when the menses 
 cease. 
 
 Another feature of the disease is, that it is often at- 
 tended with a peculiar burning and tearing pains, which 
 are, as a general thing, intermittent. The edges of the 
 ulcer are thick, and often the seat of the most torturing 
 pains; they are most generally inverted, and the odor of 
 the discharge is frequently so intolerably offensive that 
 it is difficult for persons to inhale it any great length of 
 time. 
 
 Cancer in the Uterus begins with a discharge unlike 
 whites, accompanied with shooting pains across the pelvis 
 and a precedencia of the uterus. Upon examination, 
 the uterus will be found enlarged and in some parts hard, 
 especially about the orifice. In process of time, blood 
 will be found to issue from an ulcerous, ragged sore, dis- 
 charging at the same time, and perhaps at a short time 
 previous, a foetid, thin, watery matter. The pains will 
 be increased and the distress indescribable. ' This is in 
 the last stage of the disease. 
 
CANCER. 151 
 
 Cancer of the Scrotum (common among chimney 
 sweeps) begins with a wart, which ulcerates at the top. 
 
 Cancer of the Body makes its first appearance in hard, 
 uneven elevations under the skin, which, after a time, be- 
 come discolored and ulcerate. 
 
 Cancer of the Tests begins with knotty, painful tumors, 
 extending to the epydidiums, and involves the whole in a 
 loathsome mass of disease. 
 
 Cancer of the Under-lip commences very similar to a 
 common sore lip, and may be detected by the lip being 
 dryer and harder, and more apt to crack open. The lip 
 increases in size and becomes stiff and painful. It as- 
 sumes a dark red color, and raises in lumps, which soon 
 begin to affect the entire lip, and then the disease spreads 
 as in other cases. 
 
 Cancer of the Face. — The symptoms in this class of 
 cases vary in their appearance. Some commence with a 
 small blue pimple or lump, which continues for a long 
 time without any inconvenience or danger. Their en- 
 largement may be detected by their first raising a thin 
 roughness, somewhat resembling a burn. It then sub- 
 sides for a while and again raises. At each successive 
 enlargement it becomes worse, and in course of time the 
 pimple shows a ragged edge, and inflammation sets in. 
 At this stage of the disease, the enlargement is rapid, 
 and continues until the cancer occupies the entire face 
 and throat. A painful death is the inevitable result of 
 cancer in the face, unless prompt and energetic action is 
 had in the commencement of the disease. Unless its 
 progress is arrested in that stage of the disease, there is 
 but little hope for the permanent cure of the patient. 
 The case which I referred to in the commencement of 
 this article, was one of this class of cancers, and although 
 
152 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 I succeeded in effecting a complete cure, yet it was an ex- 
 ception to the general rule. 
 
 There is another species of this disease, which begins 
 with a sharp, stinging pain, resembling a violent itching. 
 It frequently creates a sensation similar to that resulting 
 from the sting of an insect, and produces an irresistable 
 desire to scratch the parts affected. This will at times 
 subside and again reappear in some other part of the 
 face. In its first appearance the itching sensation is fre- 
 quently first noticed on the nose ; after changing its posi- 
 tion a number of times, a breaking out may be seen, 
 very frequently on the end of the nose, or between the 
 nose and the cheek. Cancers of this kind are apt to 
 linger as long as the species first mentioned, and when 
 they break out they should be met with prompt and de- 
 cisive treatment. 
 
 The species described as making their first appearance 
 in a blueish lump or pimple, are not confined to the face 
 alone ; they are frequently met with on other parts of the 
 body. I have seen them on the arms, legs, and side. 
 From observation and experience, I am satisfied that 
 these various species of cancer in the face and the differ- 
 ent appearances which they present, are the result of the 
 disordered constitutions and habits of the patients. 
 Where no two constitutions are alike, and where each 
 man's habits differ from those of his neighbor's, we could 
 scarcely expect to see the same disease present itself 
 precisely alike in all cases. But however much this dis- 
 ease may vary in its symptoms, progress and results, I 
 feel free to say, that if they are commenced with in the 
 earlier stages, there need be no fear as to the result. Na- 
 ture's garden has spread out with a bountiful hand the 
 means whereby the impurities of the human system may 
 
CANCER. 153 
 
 be healed, and from that laboratory we should select the 
 remedies for our numerous ills. I am aware that some 
 who arrogantly style themselves " the Medical Faculty," 
 are inclined to ridicule those who seek Nature's remedies; 
 but I am willing to compare the results which follow 
 from the use of botanical medicines, with those which 
 follow in the train of calomel and prussic acid. My 
 experience has taught me this fact, that all disease is the 
 result of a violation of some natural law, and that a re- 
 lief from the results of such transgression is found in 
 the simple and efficacious remedies which nature pro- 
 vides. This is the theory upon which I base my practice, 
 and for the purpose of bringing it home for the benefit 
 of my neighbors, I have published this book. And with 
 the information which I shall endeavor to impart in these 
 pages, if properly understood, I would rather trust my- 
 self, if afflicted with cancer, in the hands of an intelli- 
 gent, prudent housewife, than be under the treatment of 
 butchers, who take such delight in mangling the human 
 body, and whose wisdom drives them away from the 
 simple medicines and remedies which nature has spread 
 so profusely in every garden, field and forest. 
 
 I have been thus particular in describing all the symp- 
 toms of cancer and cancerous affections, in all their vari- 
 ous forms, from the fact that this work is mainly intended 
 for persons who have not enjoyed the advantages of a 
 scientific education ; and I have endeavored to make use 
 of such terms as shall come within the comprehension of 
 every one. And as I shall now proceed to explain my 
 method of treatment, I will endeavor to be equally plain 
 and particular, and shall first give such directions as I 
 have found universally beneficial, and which I can in- 
 dorse from actual experience. I shall also give various 
 
154 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 receipts, which. I have had in my possession for many 
 years, and which have proved themselves to he equal to 
 any emergency. The utility of having within reach a 
 variety of agents hy which to work will be seen at once. 
 There may he times and cases where it is impossible for 
 the patient to procure the particular ingredients of one 
 remedy, and if he is in possession of knowledge suffi- 
 cient to enable him to prepare others of equal power, he 
 can frequently make choice from among a number, that 
 agent which can be more easily obtained. 
 
 Treatment. — I am aware that on this subject I shall ad- 
 vance opinions which are different from any that I have 
 ever seen laid down by any other author. In my treat- 
 ment of cancer, as well as all other diseases, my first care 
 is to look to the general condition of the patient. It is 
 a matter of most serious importance that the physician 
 should know precisely the state of the bowels, the habits, 
 the constitution, the various symptoms and feelings of 
 the sufferer. "Without this no one can successfully treat 
 the disease. Something depends upon the condition of 
 the skin of the patient. A careful examination should 
 be made to ascertain whether it is moist or dry, and to 
 what extent. The state of the mind, also, should be 
 understood, for it will require a knowledge of all these 
 things to enable us to discover the cause of the decline 
 in good quality, which is the primary cause of all disease. 
 A thorough examination of all these things will enable 
 us to go to work properly. The general health of the 
 patient should always receive strict attention. There 
 may be cases of cancer where this is not a matter of 
 paramount importance, but as a general thing it is an es- 
 sential particular, especially when the case is one of 
 cancer in the breast of a female. In such instances, we 
 
CANCER. 155 
 
 must not expect to apply a course of treatment as strong 
 and rigorous as in the case of a robust man. It would 
 be bad policy to treat cancer in the breast of a delicate 
 woman, when the disease was in its last stages, when the 
 parts were swollen and inflamed, with such powerful ap- 
 plications as zinc plaster, red sorrel roasted, or a plas- 
 ter made from the extract, or the liquid made from nitric 
 acid, blue vitriol, corrosive sublimate and sal ammoniac, (or 
 the compound arsenic plaster, which I will never reccom- 
 mend or use, as I do not consider it fit for use on any 
 species of cancer; a few trials satisfied me that it was 
 not a proper remedy to be applied.) The use of the 
 knife in such a case as this is always pernicious, and in 
 nine cases out of ten, results in the death of the patient. 
 When the cancer is much inflamed, the sirrihus extremi- 
 ty painful, and accompanied by a high fever, the only 
 remedy is to apply the Poultice,* denominated Eo. 1, 
 and Cancer "Wash, No. 3, and give strict attention to the 
 state of the bowels. The Liniment at this stage of the 
 disease is of but little use. But if you commence when 
 the cancer commences, you will never be under the ne- 
 cessity of treating it in the last stages, if you follow the 
 advice given you in these pages. 
 
 When it becomes necessary for you to treat a cancer 
 in the breast in its first stages, commence your treatment 
 by first administering to the patient a cathartic. I usu- 
 ally prefer the Mandrake physic. The use of my Puri- 
 fying Syrup will also be found beneficial. Bathe the 
 cancer twice each day with my All-Healing Liniment : 
 apply as long as fifteen minutes each time, and then oil 
 
 *The various remedies recommended in the body of this work will be 
 found in the latter part, under the head of Pharmacy, and will be re- 
 ferred to by their appropriate numbers. 
 
156 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the parts affected with the Armenian oil, use it copiously, 
 and then apply the healing and strengthing Plaster. 
 This treatment will keep back the cancer, and should it 
 reappear, apply the same remedies in the same manner. 
 These directions, strictly followed, will subdue and arrest 
 the most difficult cases. Should the cancer be too far 
 advanced to be driven away, an effort must be made to 
 destroy it. If the patient is sufficiently strong to bear 
 the application, use the Zinc Plaster, and you will soon 
 have the satisfaction of having it out, which is generally 
 from nine to fifteen days. Should the patient be unable 
 to bear this remedy, the Cancer Poultice, ]S"o. 1, and the 
 Cancer "Wash, Eb. 3, may be used to good advantage. 
 During all these applications the use of physic and the 
 Purifying Syrup should be strictly attended to. The 
 poultice should be applied as warm as can be born, and 
 often renewed. Every time the poultice is renewed, the 
 parts affected should be well washed with the ISTo. 3 wash, 
 and thoroughly bathed with the liniment twice each day, 
 using the Armenian oil freely. Should not this treat- 
 ment prove satisfactory, use the Toad Powder twice every 
 twenty-four hours, lightly, all over the cancer, first greas- 
 ing it around the edges with Juniper oil. If this treat- 
 ment produces the desired result, the cancer will, in the 
 course of two or three days, assume a dead-like appear- 
 ance. Then apply the healing and strengthening Plaster. 
 The roasted sorrel is the best for this purpose, but its 
 application will render the cancer very painful for the 
 time being. The entire sore should be well covered with 
 the plaster, and the operator will know from the appear- 
 ance of the cancer when to apply the Toad Powder. 
 Should this course of treatment prove satisfactory, you 
 may then depend on the poultice, wash, and liniment. 
 
CANCER. 157 
 
 In the event of fungus arising, make an application of 
 the Vegetable Caustic, (when such flesh shows itself only,) 
 and direct the patient to carefully avoid all bandaging or 
 tight lacing. 
 "When the cancer appears in the face, and in fact in all oth- 
 er cases where the disease has been neglected, and has been 
 permitted to advance, I recommend the use of the Zinc 
 Plaster, if the progress of the disease is not too great, 
 and its location such that the remedy can be applied. 
 If, however, the circumstances surrounding the case are 
 such as to make it impracticable or impossible to use the 
 plaster, then proceed as follows : First cleanse all the 
 affected parts with the Cancer "Wash and use the Armenian 
 Oil and Liniment, and whenever fungus arises or shows 
 itself, apply the Vegetable Caustic. Let the Puryfying 
 Syrup in no case be dispensed with or neglected. It is 
 almost impossible to give just one course of treatment 
 that will result favorably in all cases. The various 
 localities which the disease assumes, the causes which 
 produce or tend to aggravate it, and the peculiar circum- 
 stances which surround the patient, are all to be taken 
 into consideration, and will all require different manage- 
 ment. The judgment of the patient and the operator 
 must govern these things, and the advice above given, if 
 strictly adhered to, will, in a great majority of cases, 
 produce the most favorable results. 
 
 For the cure of cancer lumps, blue spots, cancer warts, 
 etc., I advise the use of the Zinc Plaster in all cases where 
 it can be used. Should cases be presented where this 
 remedy would not be advisable, or where it would not 
 be prudent to apply it, use in its stead the Vegetable 
 Caustic in all cases where they make their appearance in 
 the face, side, or privates. Of course I now refer to 
 cases which have not become too far advanced. 
 
158 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 I am of the opinion that all cases of cancer in the face 
 can be effectually cured by the use of the Zinc Plaster, or 
 the Vegetable Caustic, if the disease is not too far advan- 
 ced. The use of these remedies is for the purpose of 
 hilling the disease, and in all reasonable cases, I believe 
 that they will most effectually accomplish their purpose. 
 I express this opinion more confidently, because in my 
 own practice I have completely destroyed and driven 
 away a great many with the remedies which I have 
 enumerated heretofore. 
 
 For cancer on the lip the Zinc Plaster is best, and next 
 to it I prefer the Vegetable Caustic. In treating cases of 
 this kind I have frequently applied the red sorrel, mashed, 
 or roasting it by wrapping it in wet paper, and putting 
 it in hot ashes until it becomes soft. I have also used a 
 plaster made from an extract of the red sorrel, but I 
 prefer to use it when roasted. 
 
 Having thus given a general outline of my treatment 
 of this terrible disease in all its various shapes, I propose 
 to close my remarks upon the subject by giving a few 
 instances in which I have thoroughly tested the efficacy 
 of my remedies. I have had ample opportunity of be- 
 coming familiar with cancer in all its forms. I have 
 seen its ravages in my own family and on my own per- 
 son, and I know whereof I speak. A near relative, a fe- 
 male, was attacked by this disease. At the time of its 
 first appearance she was about sixty -five years of age. 
 It commenced a little below her right eye. It was ten 
 years before any inflammation set in, and I had hoped 
 that it would not trouble her. As soon as inflammation 
 commenced, I found that active treatment was necessary. 
 It attained the size of a quarter of a dollar, was of a 
 dark red color around the edges, and had swelled her 
 
CANCER. 159 
 
 eye nearly shut before she would submit to treatment. 
 In three months after I commenced applying my reme- 
 dies, she was completely cured. The scar, which re- 
 sembled that of a burn, was the only evidence left to 
 show that she had ever been troubled with a cancer. 
 She died in her seventy- eighth year, and during all that 
 time the cancer never showed the least tendency to again 
 break out. A brother was also effected in precisely the 
 same manner. He refused to submit to treatment, and 
 removed to a "Western State, where he died from the ef- 
 fects of the disease. I have for some seven years ex- 
 perienced all the symptoms of cancer in the face. Thus 
 far I have been able to control it, and have had no great 
 trouble or inconvenience with it. Whenever it shows a 
 tendency to break out or enlarge, as it frequently does 
 just after I am shaved, I wet it with a strong solution of 
 hydrodate of potash. When it raises in a red spot, ac- 
 companied by a burning sensation, I apply the expressed 
 juice of celandine, and when dry anoint it with Arme- 
 nian oil. When the pain changes its locality frequently, 
 and is accompanied by a sharp stinging or itching sensa- 
 tion, I bathe my face thoroughly with my All-Healing 
 Liniment, and occasionally use the Purifying Syrup, and 
 pay strict attention to the condition of my bowels. By 
 this treatment I have learned that a cancer can be con- 
 trolled in its earlier stages, and that the remedies which 
 I use will accomplish the purpose for which they are in- 
 tended. 
 
 The most remarkable case of cancer which ever came 
 under my observation, was that of a young man who 
 had been for a long time suffering with cancer in the 
 face. The disease had located itself in the nose, and 
 that organ was entirely eaten away. The front part of 
 
160 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the upper jaw and the roof of the mouth were eaten 
 through. The upper lip was eaten from one cheek-bone 
 to the other. One corner of his mouth%ind a part of his un- 
 der lip still remained, and these were swollen terribly. The 
 edges of the sore were almost black, changing to a light 
 redish color as it extended back. The odor was so of- 
 fensive that it was a disagreeable task to do anything 
 with him. I first gave him the Cancer "Wash, ISTo. 3, and 
 directed his wife to wash the sore perfectly clean. I 
 then bathed it thoroughly with my All-Healing Liniment 
 and anointed it with Armenian oil. I also required him 
 to take the Mandrake physic, made into pills, as he 
 could not swallow the powder. I required him to gurgle 
 his throat with the wash and also with the Liniment, 
 and anointed as much as possible with the Armenian oil. 
 As soon as the physic had produced an operation, I gave 
 him the syrup. In a few weeks this treatment made the 
 sore look better in every respect. The swelling was re- 
 duced, and some parts of the ulcer began to assume a 
 natural appearance. I was particular to have him bathe 
 the outside of his face as far as it was swollen. About 
 every other week I gave him a potion of brimstone and 
 copperas and the Mandrake physic. In a short time I 
 found the swelling gradually diminishing, and the sore 
 began to show signs of healing. About this time I dis- 
 covered fungus streaks all through the edges of the ulcer. 
 I immediately applid the Vegetable Caustic whenever 
 they made their appearance. I could not apply it to all 
 the places at one time, for the patient could not bear it, 
 but I used it as I thought most judicious under the cir- 
 cumstances. These fungus streaks were found in spots, 
 and I used the caustic on such places only. I depended 
 entirely on the Cancer Wash, Armenian Oil, Liniment, 
 
CANCER. 161 
 
 Syrup, and Caustic. I also made use of the Toad Pow- 
 der. In about three months I cured him sound and well. 
 
 Another case was that of a respectable married lady 
 who resided near me. She was affected with a cancer in 
 the nose, and previous to my treatment, had been in the 
 hands of an individual who professed to be a professional 
 cancer doctor. She had used a large quantity of his 
 medicines, and received but little if any benefit. When 
 I commenced the case, her general health was very poor. 
 The cancer doctor had eaten away the outside parts of 
 the disease, but had left it unsound inside, and in a very 
 short time it again made its appearance. I depended in 
 this case principally on the Armenian Oil, Vegetable 
 Caustic, and the Purifying Syrup. I used the Liniment 
 to bathe the extremities, for it is so penetrating that if 
 applied on the surface it will go to the bone. I also made 
 use of the extract of blood-root, and prepared a snuff of 
 the blood-root, pulverized, and baybery bark, mixed. I 
 also prescribed the ordinary treatment of the bowels. In 
 a short time I effected a permanent cure. 
 
 I cured a lady who had been under medical treatment 
 for about a year for cancer in the womb. I gave the 
 Mandrake physic, and prepared a mixture of four parts 
 Cancer Wash and one part each of the Armenian Oil and 
 Liniment, which was applied by means of an injection 
 into the uterus. I am not positive that this was a true 
 case of cancer. I did not see the disease, and could only 
 judge from circumstances and the general appearance of 
 the patient. 
 
 I once had a case of cancer on the penis, which had 
 
 eaten off the head. I cured it by applying the caustic, 
 
 oil, liniment, wash, syrup, and physic. Another case 
 
 that had not progressed so far as this, I cured with the 
 
 11 
 
162 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 physic, syrup, oil and wash. The names of all these 
 persons, except the two last, I am at liberty to use when 
 called upon. 
 
 Of cancer in the face I have cured a great many cases, 
 and never experienced any difficulty when the patient 
 submitted to treatment, and unless they do this it is im- 
 possible to effect a cure. When the disease is in its 
 commencement, it may be cured by the use of the All- 
 Healing Liniment, and Healing and Strengthening Plas- 
 ter, the Syrup and the Armenian Oil, provided the pa- 
 tient will follow strictly the directions. Unless they do 
 this, I would advise no one to touch them. This is my 
 rule, and I find it best for all parties. 
 
 WHITE SWELLING. 
 
 This is a very inveterate and painful disease, and is 
 usually located in some of the joints, although apt to 
 appear at other places. I have seen it on the leg, between 
 the ankle and the knee, on the thigh, and on the arm. 
 It is generally found on the joints, such as the ankle, 
 knee, hips, etc. It commences with a painful swelling, 
 which remains colorless for a great while, a*nd as the 
 disease increases, inflammation sets in. The symptoms 
 of the disease are various. Sometimes it commences 
 mild and remains so for a long time ; at other times it 
 is very rapid. Frequently it shows itself by a severe 
 pain, as if darting from the bone or joint; in cases of 
 this kind the pain becomes intolerable upon the moving 
 of the patient. As the disease advances, the swelling 
 becomes harder, and instead of assuming a red appear- 
 ance, it is of a shining whiteness. The swelling seems 
 e almost a callous. It steadily increases until suppu- 
 
WHITE SWELLING. 163 
 
 ration ensues, when there is a discharge of matter from 
 a number of openings. The limb wastes, becomes stiff 
 and bent, if a joint is the seat of the disease. Fleshy 
 excrescences shoot out from the ulcer, thus showing that 
 the bone is affected, and in course of time we very fre- 
 quently find that small pieces of the bone become de- 
 tached and work their way out to the surface. The pa- 
 tient is found very pale, thin and constitutionally dis- 
 turbed. The common treatment has certainly been very 
 cruel, and, as in very many other cases, the patient, after 
 being tortured with blisters, setons and mercury, is com- 
 pelled to close the scene by submitting to amputation. 
 
 Treatment. — My treatment of white swelling is as fol- 
 lows : When it is first discovered, proceed to bathe the 
 affected parts thoroughly with my All-Healing Liniment. 
 Let each application continue at least fifteen minutes, so 
 that the seat of the disease may be fully impregnated with 
 the Liniment. Then cover the whole surface of the 
 swelling with the Healing and Strengthening Plaster. 
 Apply it freely, so that it may be covered over an eighth 
 of an inch thick. This plaster will need to be renewed 
 only occasionally, as it will not lose its virtue when there 
 is no matter to come in contact with it, provided 
 it is made right ; and to do this, the directions for its pre- 
 paration will have to be strictly adhered to. While this 
 course of external treatment is being followed, let the 
 Mandrake Physic and the Purifying Syrup be used, and 
 the most favorable results may be confidently anticipated; 
 and if the disease is not to far advanced, it will be driven 
 away. In cases where treatment has been too long de- 
 layed, it will nevertheless prove beneficial in modifying 
 the disease, and I advise it in all such cases, for whore it 
 may fail to work a perfect cure, it will exert a controlling 
 
164 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 influence, and the power of the disease will he very much 
 reduced. 
 
 When white swelling has "been neglected, and the dis- 
 ease advanced, it becomes necessary to produce suppura- 
 tion, that it may be opened and the matter removed. For 
 this purpose make an application of Poultice No. 4, and 
 whenever it becomes necessary to renew the poultice, 
 bathe the swelling effectually with the All-Healing Lin- 
 iment, previous to applying the poultice. The use of the 
 Liniment will have a tendency to allay the pain and 
 preserve the bone. After the swelling breaks, use Wash 
 ~No. 6, made of little mallows tops, inside bark of black 
 oak;, and yellow dock root. Make the decoction very 
 strong, and add half an ounce of borax, half an ounce 
 of copperas, and a teacupful of soft soap to each quart 
 of the Wash. With this, wash the sore perfectly clean, 
 then bathe it well with my All-Healing Liniment, and 
 apply the Healing and Strengthening Plaster thick 
 enough to act as a poultice ; it may be put on from one- 
 eighth to one-fourth of an inch thick, as in the judgment 
 of those concerned the necessity of the case may require. 
 If the sore discharges much matter, it should be dressed 
 as often as three times a day. The same plaster will 
 answer for several applications if properly cleaned and 
 renewed. The sore should always be bathed thoroughly 
 with the Liniment, as far as the swelling extends, and 
 use a physic made of burdock root and jalap ; or, if the 
 patient prefers it, a tea may be made of dried burdock 
 leaves, and use the tincture of jalap for a physic. The 
 use of the Purifying Syrup is also advised. If fungus 
 makes its appearance, it can be destroyed by the Vegeta- 
 ble Caustic. If the above treatment is implicitly followed, 
 there is scarcely a case in which you will be troubled 
 
SCROFULA — KING'S EVIL. 165 
 
 with fungus. The greatest difficulty in cases of this 
 kind, is to get the patient to submit to the treatment. 
 This is sometimes a more difficult task than to cure the 
 disease. The Wash and Liniment is sometimes very se- 
 vere, but if they are properly used, and the other direc- 
 tions followed, the cure will be effectual. 
 
 SCROFULA. 
 
 Scrofula is a term applied to a variety of complaints, 
 among which may be found King's Evil, White Swell- 
 ing, Cancers, Tetter in all its forms, etc.; and this term 
 varies in the opinions and customs of different physicians. 
 Some persons distinguish each by a separate name, while 
 others class them all under the same general title of 
 Scrofula, and as I shall consider these diseases separate- 
 ly, and at sufficient length, it is not necessary to make 
 any further allusion to them here. Salt-Rheum I will 
 speak of under its appropriate title. 
 
 king's evil — {Generally termed Scrofula.) 
 
 This disease is most frequently met with among the 
 children of the lower classes and negroes. It is also 
 hereditary, but never contagious. It most commonly 
 occurs in children between three and seven years of age, 
 but it frequently discovers itself at a later period among 
 persons whose habits are peculiarly disposed to it. 
 
 The symptoms by which its presence may be known are 
 the appearance of indolent, hard tumors on the glands of 
 the neck, behind the ear, or under the chin. The upper-lip 
 and divisions of the nostrils are swelled, with a smooth 
 skin, and hard belly. In the further progress of the dis- 
 
166 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ease, the tumors degenerate into ulcer of bad digestion, 
 the discharge of which resembles somewhat the coagu- 
 lum of milk, and previous to breaking they assume a 
 sort of purple redness, and are soft and yielding to the 
 touch. 
 
 Treatment. — As soon as these tumors are discovered, 
 an effort should be made to drive them away, as this can 
 be done with less trouble, and a great deal less suffering, 
 than to heal them. They can be effectually driven away 
 by bathing them with my All-Healing Liniment, using 
 at the same time the physic recommended in the treat- 
 ment of White Swelling. Use also the Purifying Syrup. 
 This will entirely disperse the disease. Should cases 
 arise in which the tumors are too far advanced to be 
 driven back, they should be brought to a head as soon 
 as possible, and whenever they are fit to be opened, 
 it should be done at once. The best thing to produce 
 suppuration is Poultice ~No. 5, and use a wash made of 
 Bayberry Bark, King's Evil Root, and to each pint of 
 the wash add half an ounce of Borax. The bark and 
 roots should be boiled in vinegar. After the sore is 
 washed clean, apply a salve made as follows : 
 
 King's Evil Eoot, pulverized, 4 ounces. 
 
 Armenian Oil, 4 " 
 
 Sheep's Tallow, 4 « 
 
 Boras, 4 " 
 
 Melt all together and apply it cold as a salve or plaster. 
 The use of the physic above named, and the Purifying 
 Sjrup, must not be dispensed with. This treatment will 
 effect a cure. After the tumors have come to a head, 
 there is no need for the use of the Liniment in this com- 
 plaint. It is an excellent thing to drive them away in 
 the commencement. The poultice above alluded to, 
 
TETTER — SALT-RHEUM. 167 
 
 should be nearly cold, not more than blood-warm. I 
 have never considered King's Evil hard to cure, and have 
 always been successful in driving the tumors away when 
 I have had them in their commencement. 
 
 TETTER — SALT-KHEUM — (Herpes.) 
 
 This is a troublesome, inveterate eruption, appearing 
 on different parts of the body, usually the hands. Very 
 small eruptions or vesicles appear, which break and dis- 
 charge a thin, icherous or corrosive fluid, that causes a 
 very great degree of irritation or itching ; afterwards, 
 scabs often form upon the parts affected, which, though 
 they may be rubbed off or dry away, will reapper after a 
 while. 
 
 It is attended by more or less inflammation or swelling, 
 and such is the degree of itching sometimes attending 
 it, that the patient is obliged to scratch continually to 
 obtain the slightest relief. The whole hands, or parts, 
 occasionally become excoriated, stiff" and almost immova- 
 ble. It seems to be located principally beneath the skin, 
 although, from its disappearing in one part, and then ap- 
 pearing in another, it is evident that the disease is loca- 
 ted in the vascular system, or the blood. It appears to 
 be occasioned by a retention of morbid humors, which 
 are thrown to the surface, and which the system seems 
 unable entirely to expel. 
 
 This disease seems to be very similar to the different 
 species of herpes, as described by some authors. Four 
 kinds are enumerated : 
 
 1. Herpes Farinosus, or what may be termed the dry 
 tetter, is the most simple of all the species. 
 
 2. Herpes Prestidosus. — This species appears in the form 
 
168 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 of pustules, which originally are separate and distinct, 
 but which afterwards run together in clusters. 
 
 3. Herpes Miliaris. — The miliary tetter. This breaks 
 out indiscriminately over the whole body, but more fre- 
 quently appears in clusters, though sometimes in distinct 
 rings and circles, of very minute pimples, the resem- 
 blance of which to the millet seed has given rise to the 
 denomination of the species. 
 
 4. Herpes Exedens, the eating and corroding tetter, 
 which commonly appears at first in the form of several 
 small, painful ulcerations, all collected into larger spots 
 of different sizes and of various figures, with always 
 more or less of an erysipelatous inflammation. These ul- 
 cers discharge large quantities of a thin, sharp, serous 
 matter, which sometimes form into small crusts, which 
 in a short time fall off. 
 
 Treatment. — Here, again, I shall be compelled to differ 
 materially from those who have always been looked up 
 to as authority upon this subject. Experience proves to 
 me, that this complaint has, in very many cases, been 
 badly managed. The remedy which I shall here describe 
 will accomplish a cure in any case, if the medicines are 
 pure and properly prepared. When the disease is dis- 
 covered, take sulphur and cream of tartar, equal parts, 
 well mixed together. Take a teaspoonful every morn- 
 ing, for nine days, and at the same time take the Puri- 
 fying Syrup three times a day. Use the Tetter Ointment 
 as directed. This treatment is recommended for each 
 and every form of disease. After taking the sulphur 
 and cream of tarter for nine days, omit taking it for the 
 same length of time. Then again use it precisely 
 as before, nine days longer. Make a wash of blood-root, 
 bayberry bark, elder bark, celandine, four parts and yellow 
 
TETTER — SALT-RHEUM. 169 
 
 dock root two parts, all made fine. Cover with strong 
 cider vinegar. Let it stand a week in some warm place, 
 and at the end of that time press out all you can. To 
 a quart of this wash, add half an ounce of copperas, 
 half an ounce of borax, and half an ounce of hydrisdate 
 of potash ; when it is all dissolved, strain it. With this 
 preparation wash every part affected twice a day, 
 and after it is dry, bathe well with my All-Healing Lin- 
 iment, and then anoint with the Armenian Oil. Live 
 on vegetables and milk, or herb tea (domestic), and part 
 of the time use sassasfras tea. Use no salt meat. Broth 
 is very good, but be careful not to eat too much at a time. 
 Always quit eating while you are yet a little hungry. If 
 you observe these directions strictly, you may rely con- 
 fidently upon a perfect cure. 
 
 There is a kind of tetter which resembles ringworm, 
 but it is much worse in its effects. This is easily cured 
 by the application of a small amount of the Vegetable 
 Caustic to the diseased parts, and then apply the Healing 
 and Strengthening Plaster, and use the Purifying Syrup 
 to cleanse the blood. I have frequently killed tetter of 
 this description and ringworms with a wet fire, made by 
 mixing saleratus and good oil of vitriol together, making 
 it strong enough to scorch a feather. Apply a little of 
 this to the edges of the part affected. This is not as se- 
 vere as the Vegetable Caustic. But if it is left on too 
 long, or if you apply too much, or if it is made too 
 strong, it will leave an ugly scar resembling a large welt. 
 The Vegetable Caustic will not have this effect. The 
 Healing and Strengthening Plaster can be advanta- 
 geously applied to any tetter affection, whether in 
 splotches or in matter, and even in the dry. It shields 
 it from the air, makes the parts soft and helps to heal. 
 
170 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 There is another kind of tetter, or rather a disease of 
 a scrofulous nature, which resembles a cancer, and must 
 be treated as cancer in the face. I desire particularly to 
 recommend the use of the Syrup, Wash, Armenian Oil, 
 and All-Healing Liniment in treating this disease, for I 
 believe they are essential in making a speedy and radical 
 cure. 
 
 FISTULA. 
 
 This term is generally applied to those kind of ulcers 
 which are very obstinate in their character, and which 
 are attended with hardness, and sinus openings or ori- 
 fices, with callous edges. There are three species enumer- 
 ated: 
 
 1. Fistula in ano, when situated in or near the rectum 
 or anus. 
 
 2. Fistula in parinces, when situated in the perinseum, 
 and communicating with the uretha. 
 
 3. Fistula lachrymatis, a sinus ulcer, situated in the 
 inner canthus or corner of the eye, obstructing the 
 lachrymal duct. 
 
 Fistula in ano. Description. — By Fistula in ano we 
 understand a most serious, loathesome, and troublesome 
 disease, which is located in the vicinity of the anus and 
 rectum, and appears in the form of an abscess and sinus 
 ulcers, with callous edges, and emitting a foetid discharge. 
 
 Causes. — The causes of Fistula are numerous ; such as 
 costiveness and relaxation of the bowels, derangement of 
 the liver and alimentary canal, sedentary habits, high 
 living, plethora, bruises, piles, etc. It is often connected 
 with, and probably produces a pulmonary disease. 
 
 Symptoms. — The Fistula in ano usually commences 
 with swelling near the rectum. The tumor advances 
 
FISTULA. 171 
 
 slowly to suppuration, and matter is formed. In some 
 cases, however, the disease proceeds till a sinus is formed, 
 with very little pain, so much so that the patient is igno- 
 rant of the time when it formed, but most generally the 
 pain is very severe, swelling great, and suppuration very 
 extensive. There is considerable variety in size and 
 complication of Fistula. The most common form of the 
 Fistula in ano, after suppuration has taken place, is an 
 opening or orifice, extending from the verge of the anus 
 and running obliquely, and penetrating it or the rectum 
 at a greater or less distance from its termination. This 
 sinus has very hard callous edges throughout its course, 
 and the longer it has existed, the greater is the hardness 
 or callous. 
 
 Treatment. — In the treatment of this disease, by those 
 who style themselves the " Faculty," it is generally laid 
 down as incurable, and the only remedy which they pre- 
 scribe is extirpation with the knife. The course which 
 I pursue is somewhat different from this, and will com- 
 pletely lay aside the knife, that favorite medical agent 
 upon which so many practitioners rely ; and if any person, 
 after investigating my method, prefers to have a knife 
 thrust up their bowels, and the parts ripped out, and 
 often enduring all the suffering consequent upon such an 
 operation, find themselves as far from being cured as 
 they were before they commenced, they are at perfect 
 liberty so to do. I shall not attempt to hinder them 
 from pursuing such a course. My treatment is more 
 mild in its operation, and more certain in its results. 
 The treatment of Fistula should be in accordance with 
 the state or condition in which we find the patient when 
 we commence, for a different course of treatment is re- 
 quired in a state of inflammation from that of suppura- 
 
172 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 tion or abscess. As inflammation precedes suppuration, 
 I shall first prescribe for Fistula in a state of inflamma- 
 tion. 
 
 First bathe the parts affected thoroughly with the All- 
 Healing Liniment, then anoint it with the Healing Oint- 
 ment, after which apply the "White Swelling Poultice as 
 warm as it can be borne. Let the poultice be large, and 
 if necessary, two inches thick. If it is very painful, the 
 patient may be steamed over mayweed and little mallows. 
 Then apply the Liniment, Salve and Poultice. This 
 will soon give relief. If you cannot get the White 
 Swelling Poultice, make one of mayweed, worm-wood, 
 rheu, and mallows ; thicken it with rye or oatmeal. In 
 using either of the above poultices, be careful first to 
 bathe well with the All-Healing Liniment ; then use 
 either the Armenian Oil or the Healing Salve, (I consid- 
 er the latter the most preferable,) after which apply the 
 poultice. After the ulcer is open and running, (which is 
 the stage of suppuration or abscess,) let the sore be 
 washed as clean as can be conveniently, with any of the 
 washes recommended for WTiite Swelling, King's Evil, or 
 Tetter. After the parts are thus washed, bathe well 
 with the All-Healing Liniment, and apply the Arme- 
 nian oil, or Healing Salve. After this is done, put on the 
 Healing and Strengthening Plaster. If these directions 
 are properly followed, and the remedies properly prepar- 
 ed, and are genuine in all respects, the patient will soon 
 experience a change for the better, and will find relief. 
 This I conceive is a much better treatment than the use 
 of a knife. 
 
 The Liniment is rather severe in its operation, but I 
 never dispense with its use. The pain which it produces 
 is only transient, and is more than counter-balanced by 
 
GRAVEL AND STONE. 173 
 
 the effects which it produces upon the disease, as it 
 dissolves the hard sinus edges which surround the ulcer. 
 
 The patient should live on a vegetable diet, and use 
 the Pile Elixer for the purpose of keeping the bowels 
 open, and this should be done gently. Much purging is 
 to be avoided. 
 
 In some cases I have found the use of the Muscle 
 Shell Ointment and the Egg Ointment very beneficial, 
 but neither can be depended on in bad cases. 
 
 GRAVEL AND STONE. 
 
 Description. — By the term Gravel, we understand a 
 collection of sand or small particles of stone, collected 
 in some part of the body, in the kidneys, ureters, or the 
 bladder. 
 
 Causes. — Our food and drink undoubtedly contain the 
 agents which form gravel and stone. There is a suffi- 
 cient quantity of sand, either in a native state, or com- 
 bined with other substances, to produce or form calculous 
 concretions. When the system is healthy, these ingre- 
 dients are carried off by the proper secretions of the 
 system ; but when there is debility of any organ, especi- 
 ally the kidneys, they become incapable of expelling 
 such sandy concretions, and consequently they lodge in 
 the kidneys, ureters, or bladder. In general, the minute 
 portions of gravel pass off without occasioning much 
 disturbance or disease, but if there be an excess of urine, 
 or any other acid, a chemical union takes place, and 
 these particles of stone are united or combined together, 
 and there is a constant opposition, until they become 
 considerably enlarged, or a stone is formed. These 
 stones may be deposited in the kidneys or ureters, and 
 
174 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 give rise to inflammation of these organs ; or they may pass 
 down into the bladder, and if not discharged, constitute 
 all the symptoms of stone. 
 
 Symptoms. — There is usually a frequent and almost ir- 
 resistable desire of voiding the urine. There is often a 
 sense of weight, or dull pain in the back, and an occa- 
 sional irritation about the neck of the bladder, which 
 now and then extends along the uretha. A fit of the 
 gravel is attended by a fixed pain in the loins, numbness 
 of the thighs on the side affected, nausea and vomiting, 
 and not unfrequently with a slight suppression of urine. 
 As the irritating matter removes itself from the kidneys 
 down into the ureter, it sometimes produces such acute 
 pain as to occasion faintings and convulsive fits. AVnen 
 gravel has once formed in the pelvis of the kidneys, or 
 elsewhere, it continues to increase by receiving on its 
 surface new layers of uric acid successively precipitated, 
 of which we may be convinced by cutting the concre- 
 tions transversely, which enables us to perceive that they 
 are almost entirely composed of concentric layers. 
 
 Treatment. — If the patient is very bad, give a tea made 
 of the Sweating Powder, and let him drink freely once 
 in about every fifteen minutes. After he has commen- 
 ced drinking the tea, place a gallon jug filled with boiling 
 water, with a wet cloth around it, and a heated brick, 
 also wrapped in a wet cloth, to the small of the back, 
 and one before the patient's face, so arranged that the 
 steam escaping from the cloths will be inhaled. This 
 brick should be wrapped several times around with a 
 clean cloth or towel, which should be wet with spirits so 
 as to make considerable steam. If the patient can bear 
 the operation, cover him up over the head, until he is in 
 a complete sweat, then remove all but the jug, and wipe 
 
INFAMMATORY SORE EYES. 175 
 
 off the patient with a cloth moistened with camphor, 
 (spirits.) See that the patient is kept comfortably warm. 
 Then give a strong tea made of parsley and spearmint, 
 to which add a tea-spoonful of saleratus, to a quart of 
 the tea. Let the patient drink freely of this tea. The 
 Diuretic Drops can be taken twice a.day in a cup of the 
 tea, a tea-spoonful at a time. 
 
 If the patient objects to being steamed as above pre- 
 scribed, let him be immersed in a warm water bath. 
 Heat the water as warm as it can be borne. This treat- 
 ment is not as good as the steaming. You can also sub- 
 stitute for some of the articles before mentioned, spear- 
 mint mashed fine, with good Holland gin poured over it 
 until it is more than covered. Let it stand a while until 
 the strength of the mint is extracted. Then wring it 
 out through a clean cloth, and to a quart of the juice 
 add a tea-spoonful of salt-petre. Let the patient drink 
 a small glass of this every four hours, and if you have, 
 or can get the All-Healing Liniment, administer a table- 
 spoonful, in a small cup of sweatened milk, once a day. 
 If worm-wood and mayweed are simmered in vinegar 
 and applied to the seat of the disease, it aids very much 
 in allaying the pain. Bathing the small of the back and 
 the bowels with the All-Healing Liniment has a wonder- 
 ful effect in this complaint. I will give a number of 
 prescriptions for the cure of this disease under the head 
 of Receipts. 
 
 INFLAMMATORY SORE EYES. 
 
 I was somewhat disposed, when I commenced this 
 work, to confine my remarks upon diseases of the evo, 
 to the ordinary cases of sore eyes, these being all that I 
 had proposed, in my prospectus, to discuss. Upon re- 
 
176 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 flection, I concluded to give a brief statement of the 
 nature, symptoms and cure of inflammation of the eyes. 
 One of the most powerful considerations which brought 
 me to this conclusion, was the reflection, that so much 
 suffering and distress is occasioned by the mismanage- 
 ment of those who, profess to have a knowledge of this 
 disease. " Eye Doctors " are almost as numerous as the 
 frogs of Egypt, and but few of them are sufficiently ac- 
 quainted with diseases of this nature, to insure a success- 
 ful treatment of the most common cases. For the benefit 
 of those into whose hands this work may fall, I there- 
 fore propose to give a sufficient treatise upon the symp- 
 toms, causes, and treatment of diseases of the eye, as 
 will enable any one to take care of themselves whenever 
 they shall be attacked by diseases of this nature. And 
 this seems to be the more important when we consider 
 the delicate structure, complicated arrangement, and in- 
 calculable importance of the organ. 
 
 Symptoms of Inflammatory Sore Eyes. — Sharp pain, 
 great heat and redness ; the parts swell, the vessels of 
 the eye increase and become turgid ; the eye-ball painful 
 upon the least motion, morbid sensibility to light ; effu- 
 sion of tears of an excoriating quailty. If the inflam- 
 mation runs high, a febrile disposition attends. During 
 the continuance of the inflammation, small ulcers are 
 often formed upon the corner, and little collections of 
 matter are sometimes deposited, which frequently harden 
 into white opaque specks, and either partially or totally 
 obstruct the entrance of light. 
 
 Causes. — External injuries, as blows, contusions, wounds 
 of the eye; extraneous bodies of an irritating nature, in- 
 troduced under the eye-lids ; exposure to bleek winds 
 and cold ; too free a use of vinous and spirituous liquors. 
 
INFLAMMATORY SORE EYES. 177 
 
 It is also symptomatic of other diseases, such, as measele, 
 small-pox, scurvy, scrofula, syphilis, and other con- 
 tagions. 
 
 Treatment. — In treating inflammatory sore eyes, our 
 first object should be to remove the inflammation, and 
 .the best agent I ever used to effect this purpose, (and I 
 have had cases frequently, when they were given up, and 
 pronounced incurable,) is a poultice made of Garden 
 Thyme Herb, boiled soft in rain water, mixed with an 
 equal quantity of scraped potatoes and whites of eggs, ap- 
 plied cold, and renewed when it gets very warm. The 
 eyes, at the same time, should have a few drops of the 
 eye-wash, or balsam, applied twice a day, and a little of 
 the Armerian Oil rubbed all along the edges of the eye- 
 lid. After the wash is put in the eye, it gets easier, and 
 it will soon diminish the inflammation and improve the 
 eyes. The patient should take a tea-spoonful of the sul- 
 phur and cream of tartar mixture, in sweet milk, every 
 morning for some time, and live on a vegetable diet, 
 keeping out of the wind, and avoiding all glaring lights. 
 In my opinion, the best preparation for the eyes is the 
 Compound Eye- Water, or Balsam. The reader will find 
 directions for the preparation of various waters, balsams, 
 and salves, under the title of " Receipts," many of which 
 stand unrivaled; and as it is frequently necessary to 
 change the treatment, in case of unusual severity, they 
 will be found very convenient and beneficial. 
 
 I have often used the All-Healing Liniment when treat- 
 ing diseases of the eye, and have always obtained the 
 most satisfactory results. I prepare it as follows : Take 
 the Liniment and an equal part of essence of peppermint, 
 made with brandy, made by adding as much oil as the 
 brandy will dissolve. This preparation is very severe in 
 12 
 
178 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 its operation, and at first does not seem to accomplish 
 much good, and, sometimes, persons unacquainted with 
 its effects would think that the eyes were growing worse, 
 but in reality there are few cases in which it fails when 
 used with the Eye-Salve. The pain which is produced 
 by its application does not long continue, and becomes- 
 less severe with each successive trial. I used this pre- 
 paration in one case which I considered as bad and as 
 difficult to cure as any I ever saw. I frequently change 
 the applications in my treatment, sometimes using the 
 Armenian Oil, and again the Salves. 
 
 SORES, OLD AND FRESH — BRUISES, SPRAINS, ETC. 
 
 I propose, under this title, to give the reader, first, a 
 brief description of each class of the above mentioned 
 ills, as far as I deem the same to be necessary within the 
 scope of this work. To those who may wish a more ex- 
 tended dissertation upon these subjects, I recommend to 
 their attention " Beach's American Practice." 
 
 Description. — Fresh sores and wounds are caused by 
 various accidents, the enumeration or description of 
 which is entirely unnecessary in this work. Where 
 a fresh wound has been made by a sharp instrument, and 
 which does not reach to the inside of the body, if deep 
 and large, the edges should be brought together as 
 naturally as possible, and confined to the proper position 
 by strips of sticking-plaster, or they may be stitched to- 
 gether with a needle. The wound should then be bathed 
 immediately with the All-Healing Liniment, and should 
 the patient be so situated as to be unable to procure it, 
 he may bathe the wound with the Compound Tincture of 
 Myrrh, and cover the whole surface of the wound with 
 
SORES, BRUISES, SPRAINS, ETC. 179 
 
 the Healing and Strengthening Plaster, or, should that not 
 be within reach, apply the Healing Salve. And I here 
 take occasion to remark, that every family into whose 
 hands this book may fall, should at once prepare and 
 constantly keep on hand an abundant supply of the 
 Plasters and Salves. The directions given will enable 
 any person to prepare them, and no one should be with- 
 out them. During a practice of thirty years, I have 
 constantly kept them on hand, ready for cases of emer- 
 gency. They are the principal remedies to be depended 
 on in every variety of sores, bruises, sprains, etc. In all 
 slight wounds, where the incision is neither deep nor 
 large, the Liniment and Plaster is all that I have been in 
 the habit of using, and I find that they will accomplish 
 the purpose fully. Persons of my acquaintance who 
 have been in the habit of using them, and who are ac- 
 quainted with their merits, never use anything else, but 
 depend on them entirely. Care should be taken to pre- 
 pare the Plaster properly, so that it will adhere to the 
 wound without being tied on. Unless it does this, it is 
 not made right. When thus prepared, it is the most 
 convenient remedy of the kind extant, and will give 
 universal satisfaction in all the cases where it is recom- 
 mended. 
 
 It is an excellent application for chapped hands, and 
 persons who are engaged in out-door labor, are very 
 liable to this annoyance. In cases of this kind, all you 
 will have to do is to fill up the cracks made in the hand 
 with the Plaster, made quite warm, and apply a little lint 
 over it, so as to keep it from adhering to anything else, 
 and you will experience no further trouble. Persons 
 who are subject to chapped hands, arc recommended to use 
 the Hand Salve, which will most effectually prevent the 
 appearance of this painful and troublesome affection. 
 
180 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 In sores which stand in need of cleansing, the Plaster 
 makes the most convenient poultice that can be used, as 
 it can be cleaned and replaced at each dressing of the 
 sore, or, if preferred, a new one can be applied. The 
 Washes which are recommended for White Swelling and 
 King's Evil, may be used with very great advantage in 
 very foul sores. In such cases, after the sore has been 
 cleansed, it should be bathed freely with the All-Healing 
 Liniment, and there is no sore but what will readily yield 
 to the extraordinary power and virtue of that medicine. 
 As before stated, I seldom use anything else than the 
 Healing and Strengthening Plaster, and the All-Healing 
 Liniment. Experience has taught me that they are 
 much more certain in their effects than any other pre- 
 parations I have ever found. These two remedies will 
 always stand the most severe tests. It is also impossible 
 for any one to take a cold in any sore while using them, 
 and they also prevent inflammation; and where inflam- 
 mation has appeared before they have been applied, they 
 will soon cause it to diminish, and eventually disappear ; 
 but in cases where there are bad bruises or much inflam- 
 mation, the application of the Liniment produces, for the 
 first day or two, very severe pain. This is the result of 
 the efforts of the medicine to restore the lost circulation, 
 and stimulating the parts to a healthy action. There 
 are many cases of bruises and other sores, which are, 
 comparatively, trifling in their nature and. magnitude, 
 yet producing great pain ; for instance, a mashed finger 
 or toe, which, although the skin is not even broken, yet 
 it is sometimes so severe as to cause the parts to assume 
 a black or dark purple color, and the pain is almost in- 
 sufferable. In bruises of this kind, the part should be 
 wrapped with a cloth until it is of two or three thick- 
 
SORES, BRUISES, SPRAINS, ETC. 181 
 
 nesses, and kept wet with the All- Healing Liniment. If 
 the bruise reaches to the sore, the pain, while the bruised 
 parts are being restored, will be very great. If the bruise 
 is but slight, the pain will correspond. 
 
 Sometimes we find fungus in sores ; this is occasioned 
 by neglect, and immediate steps should be taken to re- 
 move it, as there can be no cure while it remains. A 
 little burnt alum, pulverized and sprinkled over the sore 
 several times, will, in some cases, remove it, and I have 
 known it to be destroyed by the application of a poultice 
 made of the bark of red sassafras root, and also by a 
 large wad of common chewing tobacco soaked until it 
 becomes very soft, and applied to the sore. If these 
 remedies should fail, a slight application of the Vegeta- 
 ble Caustic will effectually destroy it. 
 
 Old Sores need to be treated somewhat similar to can- 
 cer and white swelling, but I have never been successful 
 in curing them unless aided by the use of the All-Heal- 
 ing Liniment, especially where they have been of long 
 standing. It is the only preparation which has ever 
 fallen into my hands that will so act upon these sores as 
 to produce a healthy action from the bone ; and I have 
 always found the same results when I have used it upon 
 bad bruises, while for sprains of any kind, I consider it 
 the best liniment extant. I have known persons who 
 were so lame from sprained ankles, that they were for 
 months unable to walk, and after making a free use of 
 this liniment for one week, find themselves so far recov- 
 ered as to resume their work. 
 
 Scalds and Burns. — I have had considerable experience 
 in treating wounds of this description. For about 
 twenty years, I have been engaged in manufacturing salt, 
 and have had occasion to treat cases of this kind, on account 
 
182 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 of the accidents which so frequently occur in and about a 
 furnace. I have been remarkably successful in my treat- 
 ment of both scalds and burns, and for a great number 
 of years have used no other remedies than the Healing 
 and Strengthening Plaster, and the All-Healing Lini- 
 ment. Where the wound was slight, so that the flesh 
 was not burned or scalded, I use the Liniment alone, 
 and I always find a speedy and permanent cure. I have 
 known men to step into a kettle of boiling salt, and al- 
 though receiving a frightful burn, yet never use anything 
 except the Liniment and Healing Plaster, and if the 
 burn is not deep, the Liniment alone, and in a few days 
 they were able to again commence work. The Lime Lini- 
 ment is very good in cases of this description, where 
 the All-Healing Liniment is not to be procured ; but 
 persons who have ever used the latter will never fail to 
 be supplied with it when it can be had. The Healing 
 Salve is a very good application for scalds or burns, but 
 in my opinion will not compare with the Liniment. A 
 poultice of molasses and flour, applied to a fresh scald 
 or burn, will soon extract the fire if renewed from time 
 to time until the pain ceases. A plaster of yeast and 
 finely pulverized charcoal, mixed and applied as a poul- 
 tice, will produce the same effect. Cold water is highly 
 recommended for burns, but I have never had occasion 
 to use it, and cannot speak of its virtues from experience. 
 Fresh manure from the cow-stable is also considered a 
 good application. In all deep wounds, such as are made 
 with a blunt instrument, so that the parts are much 
 bruised, I always apply the Liniment and Plaster. They 
 cleanse the wound and restore the bruised parts by bring- 
 ing on a healthy action, and while they are applied there 
 is no need of fear that inflammation may set in. I speak 
 
ITCH. 183 
 
 thus positively, because no one can fully appreciate their 
 wonderful curative powers until a personal trial is had. 
 When the reader is fully acquainted with all the re- 
 ceipts which I have given for the cure of sores, bruises, 
 sprains, etc., he will be competent to undertake the treat- 
 ment of any case, and by the exercise of common judg- 
 ment, work a complete and radical cure. 
 
 ITCH. 
 
 This troublesome and filthy disorder is too well known 
 to need any description ; and it is just as easy to cure it 
 as it is to describe it. I have cured it by rubbing the 
 parts affected, and about two-thirds of the body, or if 
 ;he disease is very bad, the entire body, with an oint- 
 nent made of lard, and enough of pure oil of vitriol to 
 nake it brown, but not strong enough to corrode the 
 skin. The patient should be rubbed thoroughly with 
 ids ointment about three times. This will cure the dis- 
 ease and not produce a disagreeable smell. Care should 
 le taken to dress the patient in old clothes, as the oint- 
 nent will destroy the clothing worn by him. All the 
 dothing which has been exposed, should be carefully 
 vashed, and for about a week the patient should take 
 tie Cream of Tartar and Sulphur Powders. Other pre- 
 parations for the cure of this disease will be found with 
 he receipts. 
 
 HEADACHE. 
 
 Pay strict attention to keeping the feet dry and warm, 
 aid wash every morning behind the ears and on the 
 lack of the neck with cold water; and when the attack 
 omes on, drink a strong tea made of ginger, and bathe 
 
184 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the feet in very warm water, for twenty or thirty min- 
 utes. Bathe the head with a preparation made as fol- 
 lows : take equal parts of very strong essence of pepper- 
 mint, sulphuric ether, tincture of cantharides, and my 
 All-Healing Liniment. The head should be made wet, 
 and well rubbed, then lie down and go to sleep. "When 
 you awake, you will, as a general thing, find yourself 
 perfectly free from headache. Those who are habitually 
 addicted to this complaint, should use the Tonic Wine 
 Tincture for a year, which will effectually eradicate it 
 from the system. The Neutralizing Cordial may also be 
 used to advantage. 
 
 Headache is generally caused by a disordered state of 
 the stomach, except in cases of fever ; then it is the re- 
 sult of too great a rush of blood to the head. The treat- 
 ment, then, should be directed to restoring the circula- 
 tion, and to its equalization. 
 
 I once had an attack of fever, in which I suffered 
 more from pain in the head than I ever did at any other 
 period of my life. The usual treatment of applying 
 drughts to my feet and hands, and ice-water to my head, 
 afforded no relief whatever. I ordered my attendants to 
 make a preparation of equal parts of the All-Healing 
 Liniment, ether, and strong essence of peppermint, merely 
 cut with alcohol, mixed together. With this preparation 
 my head was bathed, and I soon found relief. I have 
 ever since used it as a bath for the headache, and find 
 that it gives the most perfect satisfaction. 
 
 When the headache proceeds from a nervous affection, 
 or is of a rheumatic nature, I prescribe a preparation 
 somewhat different. I take equal parts of strong essence 
 of peppermint, spirits of lavender, sulphuric ether, tinc- 
 ture of cantharides, and my All-Healing Liniment ; with 
 
DISEASES OF THE BREAST AND LUNGS. 185 
 
 this mixture bathe the head effectually twice a day, and 
 see that the feet are kept warm. There is no better 
 application than this, and its use will invariably give sat- 
 isfaction to all concerned. It has given relief in chronic 
 headache, when all other remedies have failed, although 
 years had been consumed in giving them fair trials. The 
 Anti-bilious Pills may be used as a purgative in this 
 complaint. 
 
 DISEASES OF THE BREAST AND LUNGS. 
 
 The breast and lungs are so differently affected, that a 
 full statement of all the diseases which locate themselves 
 in these parts would be very lengthy and tedious ; and 
 while I shall not attempt to give a treatise upon all these 
 maladies, I shall endeavor to give satisfaction to my 
 readers, by being plain, comprehensive and thorough, 
 while engaged upon the affections of this important part 
 of the system. The greatest outlines do not always 
 convey the greatest amount of information, or give the 
 greatest satisfaction to the reader. 
 
 The breast, or chest, is affected from various causes. 
 It is very much subject to rheumatism ; but the most 
 prevalent causes of affections in this part of the system, 
 are sprains and colds ; and I have found some cases in 
 which they were actually affected with chronic ceatic in 
 the breast. 
 
 At one time in my life, I was afflicted with a pain in 
 my breast for a number of years. I submitted to the treat- 
 ment of no less than iive different physicians, without 
 receiving any perceptible benefit. My usual weight of 
 one hundred and fifty-four pounds, was reduced to one 
 hundred and seventeen ; and there were as many differ- 
 ent opinions, in regard to the nature of my disease, as 
 
186 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 there were physicians who had attended me ; for each 
 one had his own theory, and no two agreed. One of the 
 five, whose opinion I thought the most reasonable, 
 treated me about eighteen months, and then told me 
 that the only chance for my relief was a sea voyage, 
 which would either " kill or cure." I concluded to fol- 
 low his advice ; but at the earnest remonstrances of my 
 family, desisted, and I gave up all hope of recovery, and 
 quit the use of all medicines. For about three years, I 
 was unable to perform scarcely any work, and during 
 the greater part of that time, I had to sit up in my bed 
 when I wished to sleep, resting my back against the wall. 
 I was not troubled with a cough ; but I suffered from a 
 sharp pain under my left breast, which extended through 
 under the point of my left shoulder blade, which located 
 itself on the pleura or heart department. I also had a 
 weakness in my back, which was caused by a sprain. 
 While in this condition, I was led to commence the 
 study of medicine, to examine into the nature of disease, 
 and see for myself the why and wherefore of those subtle 
 maladies which baffie the skill of those who profess to 
 be masters of their profession. A thorough examina- 
 tion of the principles upon which my medical advisers 
 acted, satisfied me that there was room for many im- 
 portant and radical improvements in the Healing Art, 
 and during the thirty years which have elapsed since 
 that time, I have studied and labored incessantly for re- 
 form in the practice of medicine. I prepared medicines 
 and marked out a course of treatment for myself, the 
 nature of which, and the results which followed, I here 
 give for the benefit of my readers. I made a prepara- 
 tion of seneca snake root, liverwort roots and tops, 
 spikenard roots, elecampane roots, comfrey roots, loveage 
 
DISEASES OF THE BREAST AND LUNGS. 187 
 
 roots, rock fern roots and tops, and sulphur, equal parts. 
 I used it at first in the shape of powders, but they soon 
 became unpleasant, and I prepared it in a syrup, adding 
 one-half good spirits and sugar, which made it pleasant 
 and palatable. I then made the first of my All-Healing 
 Liniment, (although not so perfect or so good as it now 
 is,) and with it bathed my side, back, and breast once a 
 day. I then applied my Strengthening and Healing 
 Plaster to the seat of the pain, and took my Syrup three 
 times a day. I soon found that I was improving. About 
 this time, I commenced making my Medical Wine, 
 which I used before eating, and from which I derived 
 great benefit. I found that my appetite had been re- 
 stored, and the use of the wine imparted new strength 
 and vigor to my system, so that in three months I was 
 able to resume my work upon my farm. My disease 
 Was, by some of the physicians, pronounced dyspepsia, 
 others declared it to be liver complaint, while one of 
 them was confident that it was consumption. Whatever 
 it may have been does not now matter, for I recovered 
 from it, and as I soon found others who were as un- 
 fortunate as I had been in the choice of medical treat- 
 ment, and who were desirous of health more than dis- 
 ease, I commenced doing all in my power to relieve them. 
 I soon found myself surrounded by a 1 good business, 
 which has increased until the present time. With this 
 digression from the subject under consideration, I now 
 return to the discussion of diseases of the breast and 
 lungs. 
 
 I have learned that it makes no difference where the pain 
 is situated, or from what cause it may have been produced : 
 the use of either the Purifying Syrup and Pulmonic Bal- 
 sam or the Eheumatic Syrup, taken internally, and the sur- 
 
188 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 face well bathed with the All-Healing Liniment, and, if 
 the pain is seated, the application of my Healing and 
 Strengthening Plaster, according to directions, will pro- 
 duce the most desirable and encouraging results. If the 
 pain arises from rheumatism, it is easily distinguished, 
 for it will shift from place to place at intervals. A strict 
 attention should be given to the condition of the bowels, 
 and as often as two or three times a week, the patient 
 should thoroughly wash his whole body in strong saleratus 
 water, or weak ley, of sufficient warmth to be comfort- 
 able. Any complaint of the breast can be distinguished 
 from an affection of the lungs by the pain always being 
 near the surface, and producing a sharp, cutting sensa- 
 tion. If it comes from the lungs, it appears more deeply 
 seated, and is of a dull nature, and is usually accom- 
 panied by a cough. 
 
 In some cases of disease of the lungs there is but little 
 cough, while in others, when the affection is of an irri- 
 table nature, it produces excessive coughing, and but 
 little matter is raised. This is more straining to the 
 patient than if he could raise freely. That variety of 
 lung disease called Pulmonary Consumption, may be 
 distinguished by the debility, cough, hectic fever, and 
 purulent expectoration which invariably accompanies it. 
 
 Some writers assert the existence of from twenty to 
 thirty different species of consumption! This, in my 
 opinion, is sheer nonsense, and the idea should not be 
 tolerated among intelligent people. 
 
 Causes. — As before stated, the causes which produce 
 this extensive and distressing malady, which may be 
 properly called consumption, are very numerous. The fol- 
 lowing, however, comprise the most general causes which 
 produce the disease : 
 
DISEASES OP THE BKEAST AND LUNGS. 189 
 
 A hereditary disposition to the disease may be classed 
 first ; a particular formation, which may be distinguished 
 by a long neck, prominent shoulders, and narrow cheek ; 
 scrofula, or state of the system indicated by a fine clear 
 skin, fair hair, delicate complexion, large veins, thick 
 upper lip, and a weak voice. Certain diseases also tend 
 to produce consumption, such as measles, small pox, 
 scrofula, and diseases of a venereal nature ; those em- 
 ployments which expose the artificer to dust, such as 
 needle-pointers, stone-cutters, millers, threshers, painters, 
 etc., or to the fumes of metals or minerals, under a con- 
 fined and unwholesome air ; violent passions, affections 
 of the mind, great disappointments, or close application 
 to study, without taking proper exercise ; late watching, 
 great evacuations, as diarrhoea, diabetes, excessive venery, 
 fluor-albus, immoderate discharge of the menstrual flux, 
 and a continuing to suckle too long under a debilitated 
 state. Most commonly it is brought on by frequent 
 colds, by too sudden a change of apparel, by keeping on 
 wet clothes, by exposing the body too suddenly to cold 
 air when heated by exercise, by lying in damp beds, and, 
 in short, by doing any act or acts which have a tendency 
 to give a sudden check to perspiration. 
 
 Bleeding of the lungs, catarrh, asthma, and tubercles, 
 also produce consumption, the last of which is the most 
 general cause. The present fashions of tight lacing, 
 wearing thin shoes, thin dresses, etc., and the pernicious 
 habit of becoming over heated at ball-rooms, and rushing 
 into cold air without taking proper precaution with re- 
 gard to dress, add much to the prevalence of this disease. 
 Many other causes, such as wearing corsets, whereby the 
 chest is contracted and disease produced in the liver, 
 stomach, lungs, etc., might be enumerated, but we 
 
190 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 have given enough to warn the unwary, and arouse the 
 precaution of the imprudent. 
 
 Of the history and prevalence of this disease, much 
 might be written. The most reliable history we have of 
 it informs us that it has prevailed extensively from the 
 earliest period to the present time, and in its ravages has 
 swept from the earth more victims than the sword or 
 famine. Its greatest power is felt in ^Northern climates. 
 Some writers have asserted that in Great Britain alone, 
 upwards of fifty thousand persons die annually of con- 
 sumption, and it is thought that the same fatality attends 
 our own country. Observations and experience have 
 confirmed me in the opinion that one third of all the 
 deaths which occur in this country are occasioned by 
 pueumonic diseases or affections of the lungs; and this 
 fact at once demonstrates not only the prevalence and 
 fatality of the disease, but also the utter inefficiency of 
 the various methods of treatment, and the worthlessness 
 of the vast number of boasted nostrums with which the 
 country is fiooded, whereby the people are not only 
 robbed of their money, but cheated out of their lives. 
 As regards the curability of this disease, the authorities 
 differ materially. The majority of those who term 
 themselves physicians, generally advance the opinion 
 that consumption is incurable, and this idea has become 
 a general belief among the masses. It is a common 
 practice now to consign to the grave any individual who 
 gives any evidences of the existence of consumption in 
 his system. This is not only cruel and impolitic, but it 
 is to a high degree criminal, for experience shows us that 
 in a vast number of cases a permanent cure can be af- 
 fected. It is our duty, at least, to use every means to 
 mitigate the sufferings of the afflicted, and if death is 
 
DISEASES OF THE BREAST AND LUNGS. 191 
 
 inevitable, we can at least smooth their pathway to the 
 tomb. We should never be too hasty in arriving at con- 
 clusions when human life is involved. I consider con- 
 sumption a curable disease. The great, and in fact 
 the only difficulty to be apprehended is, that persons 
 who find themselves afflicted, almost invariably postpone 
 medical aid until the system is so worn out and shattered 
 by disease that there is nothing left to work on. In or- 
 der to accomplish a cure, we must have enough soundness 
 of the lungs to produce a healthy action, and unless we 
 have this, there is but little hope for a cure. But even 
 then, much can be done to alleviate the suffering of the 
 patient. 
 
 It has been my fortune to have a large experience in 
 the treatment of this disease, and I have tested the 
 virtues of the remedies which I shall prescribe, by curing 
 a great many cases. I have also been called upon when 
 the patient was too far gone to do anything more than 
 give a temporary relief; this I have never failed to do. 
 Perseverance I consider one of the best prescriptions for 
 this malady, and the case must be desperate indeed, that 
 will not yield to the untiring and energetic efforts of a 
 cheerful patient, a judicious physician, and a faithful 
 nurse. Very frequently one of the most serious ob- 
 stacles with which a physician has to contend, is the dis- 
 couragement of relatives, who become wearied with 
 Continual labor, and finally give up the patient as beyond 
 the hope of recovery. This is not only cruel, but inhu- 
 man, and should not be tolerated in an enlightened com- 
 munity. 
 
 Symptoms. — This disease may arise from inflammation 
 of the mucous or lining membrane, or external parts of 
 
192 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the lungs, and also from tubercles.* The incipient 
 symptoms usually vary with the cause of the disease, but 
 when it arises from tubercles, it is usually thus marked : 
 It begins with a short dry cough, which at length be- 
 comes habitual, but from which nothing is spit up for 
 some time, except a frothy mucus. The breathing is at 
 the same time somewhat impeded, and upon the least 
 bodily motion, is much hurried. A sense of straitness, 
 with oppression at the chest, is experienced, the body be- 
 comes gradually leaner, accompanied with great languor 
 and indolence. Dejection of spirits and loss of appetite 
 prevail. In this state the patient frequently continues a 
 considerable length of time, during which he is more 
 readily affected by cold than usual, and from some o f 
 these occasions the cough becomes more troublesome, 
 particularly at night, and at length we find it attended 
 with an expectoration, which is always more free and 
 copious towards morning. The matter which is expec- 
 torated becomes gradually more viscid, opaque, and as- 
 sumes a greenish color, being on many occasions streaked 
 with blood. 
 
 ^Tubercles are small, hard, round knots or tumors, situated in differ- 
 ent parts of the lungs, (generally at the upper part) and their number 
 varies much. In their incipient stage they are no larger than a fine 
 shot, but finally increase and become as large as a nut. They often ex- 
 ist in clusters, and if numerous, run into each other, and form hard yel- 
 low masses like cartilage, and from cold or other causes they soften and 
 are changed into a cream color, inflame, break, and open into the bronchial 
 tubes, and are discharged by expectoration. They form open ulcers, from 
 which great quantities of matter issue, and sometimes blood ; they depend 
 on a strumous or scrofulous state of the system. Tubercles will some- 
 times exist for many years, even to old age, without very serious incon- 
 venience. By regularity, temperance, diet, etc., they may be checked 
 and controlled so as not to do much injury. Unless this is done they 
 soon cause consumption, and frequently, by a sudden check of free per- 
 spiration, bring on what is termed " quick consumption." 
 
DISEASES OF THE BREAST AND LUNGS. 193 
 
 As the disease advances, the breathing becomes more 
 difficult, and the weakness increases. At this stage of 
 the disease, the patient begins to be sensible of pain in 
 some parts of the chest, and it is at first generally located 
 under the breast-bone, and frequently under the point of 
 the shoulder-blade. This pain makes frequent changes, 
 and is felt sometimes in one side, and then in the other, 
 and is often so severe that the patient finds great diffi- 
 culty in lying on the side in which the pain is located. 
 Sometimes the patient experiences but very little pain, 
 except after a fit of coughing; and although but little 
 pain may be experienced, yet at the same time the pa- 
 tient cannot lie easy on either side, without exciting a 
 fit of coughing, or experiencing a difficulty of breathing. 
 In consumption, the pulse and tongue are no certain 
 guides, as they vary materially in different constitutions 
 at the same stage of the disease ; but generally, at the 
 commencement of the disease the pulse is natural, or 
 perhaps is soft, small and a little quicker at times than 
 usual, and in the more advanced stages it frequently be- 
 comes full, hard, and frequent. The face begins to flush ; 
 the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet are af- 
 fected with a burning heat ; the breathing becomes more 
 difficult and laborious; at evening there is an increase 
 of symptoms, and by degrees the fever assumes a hectic 
 form, and is increased twice every day. The first in- 
 crease will be noticed about noon, followed by a slight 
 remission about five o'clock in the evening. This, how- 
 ever, is soon succeeded by another augmentation, which 
 increases gradually until after midnight. About two 
 o'clock in the morning a remission takes place, and which 
 becomes more apparent as the morning advances. Du- 
 ring the absence of fever, the patient feels cold and 
 13 
 
194 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 sometimes chilly, while the skin feels warm. As the 
 hectic fever advances, the urine increases in color, and 
 deposits a branny red sediment ; the appetite does not 
 seem much impaired ; the tongue, by spells, is clear and 
 moist, and at other times is somewhat coated, and of a 
 cream color, but it is usually moist, and the thirst is con- 
 siderable. With due advancement of the disease, the 
 mouth and face put on an inflamed appearance, and the 
 eyes become glossy. A red flush appears, first on one 
 cheek and then on the other, and while the fever con- 
 tinues, the whole face presents a flushed and reddish ap- 
 pearance. In the absence of fever, the face looks pale 
 and sunken. During the advanced stages of the dis- 
 ease, the feet and ankles swell ; very frequently, at the 
 commencement of the hectic fever, the bowels are cos- 
 tive, but in the last stages of the disease, a diarrhoea 
 often comes on, and not unfrequently continues during 
 the remainder of the disease. A cold sweat breaks out 
 at intervals, which causes great debility. The patient 
 often continues to decline until his body presents the ap- 
 pearance of a skeleton. In some cases the eye looks 
 hollow and languid, while in others it is full and glassy. 
 To the end of the disease the senses remain entire, the 
 mind is full of confidence and hope, the patient seldom 
 anticipates danger, and generally flattering himself 
 with a speedy recovery, even in the very last stages of 
 the disease. It is not necessary to trace this disease any 
 further, as the above description of its symptoms, and its 
 universal prevalence, will answer our purpose. 
 
 Treatment. — In this part of my dissertation upon con- 
 sumption, I shall endeavor to be as explicit as possible, 
 more particularly because it has always been deemed an 
 incurable disease. I shall endeavor to give the reader 
 
CONSUMPTION. 195 
 
 an idea of my treatment so plainly that any one can pre- 
 pare and administer every article prescribed, excepting 
 a single one. 
 
 The strictest attention should be paid, if possible, to 
 commence the treatment with the first indications of the 
 disease, for then is the time you can work with the most 
 encouragement. I have, it is true, cured cases that were 
 in the advanced stages ; but it is extremely dangerous 
 to postpone the time of treatment until the constitution 
 of the patient is run down, and the whole system under 
 the influence of disease. A great deal depends on the 
 care which the patient takes to avoid exposure, or other 
 causes which counteract the effect of medicine, or hasten 
 the progress of the disease. The actions of the nurse, 
 too, are of much importance, for, like all other diseases, 
 it requires strict attention and extreme caution, especial- 
 ly when it has been some time standing. 
 
 Upon the notice of symptoms which indicate the 
 commencement of consumption, give an emetic, and this 
 should be repeated once a week ; the whole body should 
 be washed with saleratus water, made tolerably strong, 
 and warm enough to be comfortable. Wipe perfectly 
 dry with a towel ; bathe the entire chest and back with 
 my All-Healing Liniment every night, and take a dose 
 of the Compound Expectorant every night and morning, 
 and during the day use the Pulmonic Balsam from three 
 to four times a day. Dress and lie warm, and use no 
 salt meat of any kind. If the strength of the patient 
 will permit, he should take moderate exercise in the open 
 air every day when the weather is pleasant. Care should 
 be taken to avoid catching cold ; the feet should be kept 
 warm and dry, and particular attention given to the 
 condition of the bowels, which should be kept regular. 
 
196 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 The Mandrake Physic will be found an excellent agent 
 for this purpose. Use a little of the Tonic "Wine just 
 before eating, as it will have a tendency to regulate the 
 food, and impart strength to the system. It is also 
 an admirable preventive to taking cold. I have found 
 it an indispensable medicine in my treatment of pulmo- 
 nary consumption, as its peculiar virtues have a tendency 
 to lessen the cough, remove the pain in the breast, and 
 give strength and tone to the whole system. In pro- 
 treated cases, we often find it necessary to change the 
 course of treatment, and when the above mentioned syr- 
 up fails to give satisfaction, (cases of this kind very 
 rarely occur,) another syrup may be prepared from the 
 following articles : 
 
 Hoarhound, 1 pound. Comfrey Eoot, 1 pound. 
 
 Seneca Snake Eoot, \ 
 
 Liverwort, 1 
 
 Elecampane Eoot, J 
 
 Eed Puccoon Eoot, ^ 
 
 Wild Cherry Bark, 1 
 
 Indian Turnip, J 
 
 Skunk Cabbage Eoot, £ 
 
 Liquorice Root, 2 
 
 Spikenard Eoot, 2 
 
 Blue Cohosh Eoot, 1 
 
 Sarsaparilla Eoot, 2 
 
 White Clover Blossoms,... 1 
 
 Bruise all together, cover with liquor, boil awhile, add 
 water, and again boil it, so as to extract the strength. 
 Strain the mixture and let it stand until it settles. 
 Strain it off and reduce it to three gallons, then add 
 twelve pounds of honey and one gallon of good spirits, 
 and the whites of six egg3. Bring it slowly to boiling 
 heat, and skim all the matter that rises to the surface ; 
 pour it into a clean vessel, and when cool bottle it for use. 
 Dose, from one to three tablespoonsful. I have frequent- 
 ly used this prescription, and know that it is good. I 
 prefer the first mentioned, and if it is properly prepared 
 and administered, it will very seldom fail to do all that 
 is promised of it. When I prepared the prescription 
 
CONSUMPTION. 197 
 
 last above specified, I did it more to try an experiment 
 than from having occasion to use it. 
 
 As to diet, my general practice is to be governed to a 
 great extent by the appetites of my patients. Of course, 
 there are some things which should be refused, but as a 
 general rule, I have always found it safe to allow them 
 any food which they desired, that was nourishing and 
 easily digested. A reasonable quantity of soft boiled 
 eggs may be given. Ripe fruit of almost any kind, milk, 
 fresh butter, chocolate, any kind of domestic teas, broths 
 of chicken, mutton, beef, squirrel, etc., so prepared as to 
 be light and nourishing, are all excellent. Tea and cof- 
 fee should not be used. 
 
 When consumption has so far advanced as to produce 
 swelling of the feet and ankles, when the eyes are sunken 
 and dejected, or staring and glassy, the patient cannot 
 have much hope or expectation of a permanent cure. 
 Experience has forced me to this opinion, and at that 
 stage of the disease, the most that can be done is to ease 
 the sufferer ; and if this is not neglected, we may reason- 
 able hope to prolong life, perhaps for a considerable time. 
 But I care not in what stage of the disease the patient 
 may be, there are no remedies better calculated to throw 
 off the disease and relieve the patient than the Emetic, 
 Liniment, Expectorant, Balsam and "Wine, properly ad- 
 ministered, according to the directions which I have 
 given. If, however, the patient submits to bleeding, as a 
 majority of our physicians recommend, I consider it is 
 done at the peril of life ; and it would be much better to 
 do nothing at all, and let nature seek her own course, 
 than to resort to blood-letting and the use of mineral 
 medicines. The only effect which they can have is to 
 shorten iife. 
 
198 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 For further prescriptions which may be useful in the 
 treatment of this disease, the reader is referred to that 
 part of this work devoted to recipes, where I will give 
 all which I consider safe and beneficial. They may be 
 used with advantage when others cannot be had. I have 
 been careful and explicit in my remarks concerning con- 
 sumption, because I am aware of the importance which 
 is attached to it, it being one of the prevailing national 
 maladies to which a vast majority of us are subject. 
 "While writing upon this subject, I have endeavored to 
 keep in view the responsibility which must attach to any 
 one who attempts to direct others through the mysteri- 
 ous labyrinths of disease. Every word has been care- 
 fully weighed, and no opinion advanced save those which 
 have stood the test of experience. I here take my leave 
 of this subject, by advising all into whose hands this 
 work may fall, that so far as consumption is understood, 
 it is always safe to act upon the old adage, " An ounce 
 of preventive is worth a pound of cure." Too much 
 care cannot be taken to avoid all exposure to cold, and 
 if a cold should be contracted, to take immediate steps 
 to break it up. No one can foresee the results of a tri- 
 fling cold, and through carelessness may lay the founda- 
 tion of a disease which will terminate in a speedy death. 
 Eemedies for colds will be found in the appropriate place 
 in this work, and if a single individual shall be aided in 
 avoiding or curing this terrible enemy, and restoring 
 them to health by means of the information given in 
 this book, the author will feel amply repaid for the 
 labor and expense which he has bestowed upon its pre- 
 paration and publication. 
 
 Remember, your health is the second great blessing in 
 life ; peace with your God first, and your health next ; 
 
ASTHMA. 199 
 
 and if you neglect it, when it is too late you will remem- 
 ber what I advised you. 
 
 ASTHMA. 
 
 Description. — Asthma is a spasmodic affection of the 
 lungs, which comes on by paroxysms, most generally at 
 night, and is attended by a frequent, difficult and short 
 respiration, together with a wheezing noise, tightness 
 across the chest, and a cough ; all of which symptoms 
 are much increased when the patient is in a horizontal 
 position. 
 
 When it is attended by an expectoration of phlegm, 
 it is termed moist or humoral, and when little or none 
 of this expectoration is found, it is called dry or nervous 
 asthma. Having once occurred, its fits are apt to return, 
 and more especially when excited by certain causes, such 
 as a sudden change from cold to warm weather, or from 
 heavier to a lighter atmosphere; by severe exercise of 
 any kind, which quickens the circulation of the blood ; 
 by an increased bulk of the stomach, which may be from 
 either too much eating, or from a collection of air in it ; by 
 exposures to cold, obstructing the perspiration, and there- 
 by favoring an accummulation of blood in the lungs ; by 
 violent passions of the mind; by disagreeable odors; 
 and by irritation of smoke, dust, and other subtle parti- 
 cles floating in the air. I was acquainted with an in- 
 dividual who could not go into a room where there were 
 feathers, either in bed-clothes or otherwise, without being 
 subject to an attack of this disease. Persons subject to 
 this disease should avoid the use of feathers in their bed- 
 clothing, and if straw is used, care should be taken to 
 
200 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 have it changed frequently. Hair mattresses are prefer- 
 able to straw, and should be used whenever convenient. 
 
 Treatment. — I have never found any preparation which 
 will so soon relieve a person laboring under an attack of 
 asthma, as the Asthma Tincture. The Asthma Syrup 
 is also very efficacious. When any person is attacked 
 with this disease, he should be immersed in a warm 
 water bath, or else steamed until he sweats, and after 
 the force of the attack is broken, and the fit off, so that 
 the patient feels relieved, the Mandrake Physic should 
 be given once a week. The use of the Tincture and 
 Syrup should be continued once a day, and a portion of 
 the Purifying Syrup given. This treatment should be 
 followed for at least six months, and in order to effect a 
 certain and radical cure, the time should be extended to 
 nine months. A regular, faithful adherence to this 
 course of treatment for that time, is certain to produce 
 the most gratifying results. 
 
 An individual once told me that he cured himself of 
 this disease by simply drinking a decoction of common 
 chewing tobacco until it vomited him, and that he never 
 again experienced any inconvenience from asthma. To 
 those who are not in the habit of using tobacco, this de- 
 coction would be very nauseating and sickening. 
 
 Persons affected with asthma, or those who are liable 
 to be troubled with it, should be cautious to keep out of 
 the dust, and free from all other causes which produce 
 it. There is little or no difficulty in curing the disease, 
 if the patient is particular and punctual in attending to 
 treatment. 
 
 CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIA. 
 
 This disease is characterized by a troublesome cough, 
 
CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE BRONCHIA. 201 
 
 attended with a copious expectoration of viscid, purulent 
 or a whitish frothy matter ; uneasy and somewhat op- 
 pressed respiration, accompanied at times with wheezing; 
 more or less weight and uneasiness at the pit of the 
 stomach ; loss of appetite ; a slightly furred tongue ; ir- 
 regular action of the bowels ; a quick and irritated pulse, 
 particularly toward evening ; and deep red and scanty 
 urine. The coughing usually occurs in fits of consider- 
 able violence, being almost always most severe in the 
 morning on rising from bed, or on passing from a warm 
 to a cold air, inhaling various vapors, fine dust, etc.; and 
 the act of swallowing food sometimes increases the 
 violence and frequency of the spells of coughing. Some- 
 times slight pains are felt in the chest, but more fre- 
 quently no painful sensations whatever are experienced, 
 except immediately after a fit of coughing, when a gen- 
 eral aching is felt for a few moments in the breast. 
 
 Causes. — It frequently arises from bad colds, and is 
 often the consequence of measles. It proceeds also from 
 iuhalation of irritating vapors, or particles of matter 
 floating in the atmosphere, and from whooping-cough, 
 particularly if cold has been taken while under the in- 
 fluence of this affection. 
 
 Treatment. — I have cured a great number of cases of 
 bronchial affection, and have tried a good many of the 
 various remedies prescribed by different authors, and the 
 quickest and most certain course of treatment which I 
 have ever found is as follows : Use the Neutralizing Cor- 
 dial or Mixture to keep the bowels regular, and mix the 
 Asthma Syrup and Pulmonic Balsam together ; take a 
 tablespoonful three times a day, increasing the dose as 
 the stomach will bear it, and twice a day take a small 
 teaspoonful of the Compound Tincture, of Myrrh. Just 
 
202 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 before eating, administer half a small wine-glass of the 
 Tonic "Wine. This prescription will cure any case that 
 is not too far advanced to he within the reach of medical 
 aid. Much benefit will be experienced by thoroughly 
 bathing every night the breasts, sides, and back between 
 the shoulders with the All-Healing Liniment. 
 
 ENLARGEMENT OF THE TONSILS. 
 
 For this disorder there is nothing better than the use 
 of the Compound Tincture of Myrrh, and bathing the 
 neck with the All-Healing Liniment. Use the Tincture 
 of Myrrh as a gurgle, and let the patient swallow some, 
 two or three times a day. Bathe the neck well twice a 
 day with the Liniment, and let a flannel be worn around 
 the neck. Use the Neutralizing Mixture to keep the 
 bowels regular. I have cured cases of this disease that 
 had been of several years standing, by this process. 
 
 The application of these remedies are not very pleas- 
 ant, but in order to effect a cure, the patient must submit 
 to some irritation and inconvenience. 
 
 INFLAMMATORY SORE THROAT, OR QUINSY. 
 
 This disease principally attacks the youthful and those 
 of a full and plethoric habit, and is chiefly confined to 
 cold climates, occurring usually in the spring and autumn; 
 whereas the putrid sore throat chiefly attacks those of a 
 weak, irritable habit, and is most prevalent in warm 
 climates. 
 
 It is distinguished by a sense of heat, pain and tight- 
 ness in the fauces and throat, accompanied by a difficulty 
 of swallowing, particularly fluids. 
 
 In general, the inflammation begins in the tonsil, then 
 
INFLAMMATORY SORE THROAT, OR QUINSY. 203 
 
 spreads across the palate and seizes the other tonsil. 
 When the inflammation possesses both sides, the pain 
 becomes very severe, and swallowing is performed with 
 extreme difficulty ; but if it attacks the upper part of the 
 windpipe, it creates great danger of suffocation. 
 
 The causes which usually give rise to it are, exposure 
 to cold, wet feet, throwing off the neck-cloth, or drink- 
 ing cold water when overheated. It may also be occa- 
 sioned by violent exertions of the voice, blowing wind 
 instruments, acrid substances irritating the fauces, and 
 by the suppression of customary evacuations. 
 
 Treatment. — In the treatment of this disease, the first 
 and chief endeavor should be to carry off* the inflamma- 
 tion, for which reason an anti-phlogistic plan must be 
 pursued. Local applications have also their good ef- 
 fects, and in slight cases are often sufficient to remove 
 the inflammation. 
 
 In treating inflammatory sore throat, I always give a 
 cathartic or emetic. As soon as the physic or emetic has 
 operated, produce upon the patient a moisture of the 
 skin by gentle sweating, and gurgle the throat with a 
 decoction made of sumach berries, (the high sumach,) 
 sage, blue cohosh root, kercuma root, and add a little 
 borax. After the throat and mouth have been well 
 gurgled and washed with the above decoction, then 
 gurgle the throat with my All-Healing Liniment, or 
 Tincture of Myrrh. This should be done as much as two 
 or three times a day ; wear a flannel cloth round the 
 neck, well bathed with the Liniment. The throat should 
 be frequently moist with the same. Drink red-pepper 
 tea for a general drink, and be careful of exposure to the 
 cold wind. Keep out of the wet ; keep the feet warm 
 and dry. A part of the time it would be found beneficial 
 
204 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 to drink a tea made of flax-seed. Let the diet be cooling 
 and nourishing. 
 
 RHEUMATISM. 
 
 This disease may be divided into three general classes, 
 Inflammatory, Chronic, and Mercurial. 
 
 I have never found, in the course of my reading, any 
 writer who more perfectly expresses my ideas of the na- 
 ture and symptoms of this disease, than Dr. "W". Beach, 
 author of "Beach's Family Physician." His remarks 
 upon this subject so fully coincide with my own, that I 
 shall copy his description, causes, and symptoms. 
 
 " Description,— Rheumatism is a painful disease which 
 affects the muscles and joints in different parts of the 
 body, and in many cases so nearly resembles the gout as 
 to be distinguished from it with difficulty. It makes its 
 attacks in all seasons of the year when the atmosphere 
 is moist and variable ; but it is most frequently met with 
 in the autumn and spring. It is sometimes accompanied 
 with fever, and sometimes there is none. In the former 
 instance, it is known under the name of acute rheuma- 
 tism, in the latter it is called chronic rheumatism. 
 
 " Causes. — Obstructed perspiration, occasioned either 
 by lying in damp linen or damp, unventilated rooms, 
 wearing wet clothes, or being exposed to cold air after 
 having been much heated by exercise or other ways, may 
 be considered the chief and most frequent causes of the 
 rheumatism. 
 
 "Symptoms. — The acute rheumatism generally com- 
 mences with weariness and shivering, succeeded by heat, 
 thirst, restlessness, anxiety, a hard, full, and quick pulse, 
 and all the usual symptoms of inflammatory fever. 
 
RHEUMATISM. 205 
 
 After a short lapse of time, acute pain is felt by the pa- 
 tient in one or more of the large joints of the body, and 
 these are followed by a tension or swelling of the parts 
 so affected. The pain is transitory, and generally shifts 
 from one joint to another, leaving the parts it occupied red, 
 swollen, and very tender to the touch. The tongue is white, 
 the bowels are obstinately costive in general, the urine 
 is high colored, the pulse full and hard, the blood, when 
 drawn from a vein, exhibits a thick, buff- colored coat 
 on its surface, as in pleurisy, and sometimes there is a 
 profouse sweating, unattended, however, by any relief. 
 "When the patient is in bed the pains are usually much 
 increased, and he cannot bear the least motion without 
 their being highly aggravated. 
 
 " The chronic form of rheumatism may either be a 
 consequence of the termination of the acute, or it may 
 be independent of it. In the first case, the parts which 
 are affected with inflammation are left rigid, weak, and, 
 in some instances, puffed up, and the pain not being 
 movable, is now confined to particular parts ; sometimes, 
 however, it shoots from one joint to another, but with- 
 out being accompanied by any inflammation or fever. 
 In the latter case, where it has arisen from an exposure 
 to cold, and sudden vicissitudes of the weather, pain 
 seizes the head, shoulders, knees, loins, wrists, and other 
 parts, and these often continue for a considerable length of 
 time, and then go off, leaving the seat they occupied in 
 a state of debility. 
 
 "Very alarming and fatal symptoms sometimes follow 
 the recession of rheumatism. It passes to the heart, 
 diaphragm, stomach, bowels, and every part of the body. 
 When it is translated to the heart, the patient is seized 
 with acute pain and great anxiety over that region, pal- 
 
206 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 pitation, partial fainting, pale, distressed countenance. 
 When it is translated to the brain, it is attended with 
 heaviness, with acute pain in the head, intolerance of 
 light and sight, wild and anxious expression of counte- 
 nance, occasional delirium, etc. When the stomach is 
 affected by a recession of this disease, pain, nausea, and 
 vomiting. Sometimes the bladder is affected with rheu- 
 matism, producing a retention of urine, and pain over 
 the seat of that organ. Sometimes it is translated to the 
 lungs and pleura, which become affected, producing an 
 inflammation of those parts. Sometimes it passes to the 
 uterus or womb, etc." 
 
 Treatment of Acute Rheumatism. — In the treatment of 
 this disease, as in cancer, I shall express opinions which 
 vary from those entertained by very many of the pro- 
 fession. Many physicians, in treating cases of rheuma- 
 tism, bleed and blister as they do in white swelling, but 
 my experience has taught me to pursue a course entirely 
 different. However various may be the symptoms and 
 location of rheumatism, they all result from the same 
 cause, and that cause, in some cases, is on account of 
 having too much matter in the blood, and in other cases, 
 in having too great a quantity of water in the blood. 
 An unbalanced state of the blood is the whole cause of 
 rheumatism, and neither bleeding nor blistering, or both 
 together, will ever restore it to its natural condition. 
 
 The first object in acute rheumatism is to lessen the in- 
 flammatory action and allay the fever. A gentle purga- 
 tive should first be given, and the best one I know of may 
 be made of black cohosh, wondering milk-weed, (Indian 
 hemp). This may be used occasionally, as is found neces- 
 sary. I generally give the sudorific and diaphoretic 
 powders every two hours, alternately, and direct the pa- 
 
RHEUMATISM. 207 
 
 tient to drink a tea made from the Vegetable Heating 
 Powder between the times of taking the powders, until 
 a free perspiration is produced, which is almost sure to 
 give relief. The patient should also wash his whole body 
 every night with tolerable strong ley water. Then bathe 
 the parts most affected thoroughly with my All-Healing 
 Liniment. This should be attended to at least once or 
 twice in twenty-four hours. After the first course, take 
 from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful of the Liniment 
 inwardly, three times a day. This will not interfere 
 with the Physic or Sweating Powders, and will never 
 fail to give relief in a short time. As soon as the force 
 of the disease subsides, use the Purifying Syrup, which 
 will prevent its return. Use also the Physic and Sweat- 
 ing Powders. This will give the quickest relief, if the 
 proper materials are used. In this disease emetics are 
 of no use, and light purging only is necessary. This 
 species of rheumatism is easily cured if properly attend- 
 ed to. I have had cases where I often found it necessary 
 to change my treatment of this disease, for the same 
 treatment will not have the same effect at all times, and 
 even the same person may be attacked at different times 
 and require a change of treatment. It is my purpose to 
 give a number of recipes to be used in rheumatism, but 
 in all cases I find that the Purifying Syrup, Liniment, 
 and Healing and Strengthening Plaster are the most re- 
 liable remedies to be depended upon. Let the diet of the 
 patient be light and nourishing. Avoid the use of salt 
 meats and coffee. Use spice bushes or sassafras, if you 
 can get it. Milk may also be used. 
 
 Chronic Rheumatism. — This species differs from the 
 Acute in this : it is not attended by fever, or much in- 
 flammation, and the pain being usually confined to some 
 
208 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 particular part of the body, as the shoulders, arms or 
 loins ; but it generally occupies those joints which are 
 surrounded by many muscles, and particularly such mus- 
 cles as are employed in the most constant and vigorous 
 exertions. "When it affects those of the loins, it is called 
 lumbago, and when seated in the hip joint, it is known 
 by the name of sciatica. The causes of chronic rheu- 
 matism need not be discussed at large in this work, and 
 I shall content myself with merely giving the descrip- 
 tion, symptoms and the treatment necessary to produce 
 a cure. 
 
 Symptoms. — Chronic rheumatism is often the result of 
 acute rheumatism. It often occurs, however, as a direct 
 consequence of exposure to cold and damp air, and this 
 is the case more especially when the system is under the 
 influence of mercury. The parts affected are commonly 
 neither swollen nor red, and very frequently there is no 
 manifest fever connected with rheumatism in its chronic 
 form, although quickness, tension, and contraction of the 
 pulse are in some instances present in the evening and 
 during the night. The pain often wanders from one 
 part to another, fixing itself by turns in the head, shoul- 
 ders, knees, wrists, fingers, hips, loins, etc., more espe- 
 cially in those cases which approach the sub-acute 
 character. Some individuals are hardly ever free from 
 pain ; others are affected with it only occasionally, on 
 the occurrence of cold and damp weather. In some in- 
 stances the pain is seated in the joints ; in others, in the 
 muscles, and parts situated between the joints. After 
 remaining at rest for a while, the patient feels stiffness 
 and pain on attempting to move the affected limb ; but 
 on using exercise until the body becomes warm, both 
 the pain and stiffness usually disappear. Those who are 
 
RHEUMATISM. 209 
 
 subject to this form of the disease, generally feel a dull, 
 aching pain in one or more joints, on the approach of 
 stormy and rainy weather. Severe and inveterate cases 
 of chronic rheumatism are apt to give rise to organic 
 disease of the tendons, wasting and hardening of the 
 muscular structure about the affected parts. The joints 
 are stiff. A jelly-like effusion into the cavity of the 
 affected joint occurs occasionally. 
 
 I have been careful to trace out all the symptoms of 
 this disease, and particular in describing them, for the 
 reason that it is one of the most frequent maladies with 
 which we have to contend, and if not so fatal as some 
 other diseases, its victims are compelled to suffer the 
 most indescribable torture, and lead lives the most mis- 
 erable. It is also a remarkable fact, that there is less 
 done to relieve the patient in cases of this kind, than 
 in almost any other disease. 
 
 There are, perhaps, two reasons why this should be 
 so ; one is, that the patient gets discouraged, and despairs 
 of ever reaching a cure, for those who make an effort 
 are seldom benefited, because of the ignorance of their 
 advisers, and the inefficiency of their remedies. The 
 second reason is, that there are but few persons, compar- 
 atively speaking, who know anything about the com- 
 plaint, or what are the proper remedies. I suppose that 
 if rheumatism was located like white swelling, some 
 of our enterprising and energetic surgeons would no 
 doubt advise amputation as the only remedy. 
 
 Treatment. — In treating chronic rheumatism, my ob- 
 ject has always been to stimulate the cutaneous vessels 
 to a healthy action, and thus restore perspiration. In 
 the second place, I endeavor to attenuate the thick, 
 viscid or sizey state of the blood, which invariably at- 
 14 
 
210 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 tends this disease. Internal remedies are very essential 
 in this complaint, and there is nothing better than the 
 Rheumatic Syrup. It produces a free perspiration and 
 equalizes the unbalanced state of the blood, which is the 
 most essential point in the treatment of this disease. 
 In the first place, give a gentle physic — I generally give 
 the same as in the acute; then give the Rheumatic Syrup 
 as often and as much as the symptoms require, accord- 
 ing to age and circumstances. Rub every affected part 
 thoroughly and freely with my All-Healing Liniment. 
 Let the patient take a sweat every night, with a large 
 quantity of black cohosh root, boiled until it is very 
 strong. Get the patient over a pot and put a blanket 
 around him, and at the same time, let him drink a tea 
 made of hemlock (spruce) leaves. When a free per- 
 spiration is produced, wipe off dry with a towel, and 
 again bathe the affected parts with my All-Healing Lini- 
 ment, and give from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 
 of the Liniment internally, in a little sweetened milk. 
 This will soon relieve the patient. The use of the syrup 
 should be continued for some time. The Sudorific Drops 
 and Diaphuretic Powder may be given with advantage. 
 A portion of sulphur should be given every two or three 
 days, for the purpose of preventing the disease from set- 
 tling about the head. In cases where the disease is fixed 
 in one particular locality, where an external application 
 can be made, the Liniment and Healing and Strength- 
 ening Plaster are the most reliable remedies that can be 
 used, and the only ones that I depend upon. There is 
 not one case out of a hundred where they will fail to 
 give perfect satisfaction. I have known cases where the 
 patient's knees were hard and stiff, and so much swollen 
 that they could not put any weight on the leg at all, and 
 
RHEUMATISM. 211 
 
 with my All-Healing Liniment, Plaster and one bottle of 
 the Syrup, be entirely cured and restored to their original 
 condition. This same result is produced where the dis- 
 ease locates itself in the hips and back. My advice to 
 all persons afflicted with this disease, is never to bleed or 
 use emetics as remedies. Physic lightly, use a light 
 nourishing diet, and make a free use of cayenne pepper, 
 mustard and horse-radish in your diet daily. 
 
 I shall, in another place, give various receipts for pre- 
 paring medicines for the cure of rheumatism, which can 
 be used when the articles above recommended cannot be 
 obtained ; but I feel that I cannot too strongly recom- 
 mend to the readers of this work, the use of my All- 
 Healing Liniment. No family or individual should be 
 without it ; for it is a host of itself in all cases of rheu- 
 matism, and in almost every other disease to which 
 human flesh is heir. It is convenient to keep and easy 
 to administer. 
 
 Murcurial or Sciatic Rheumatism. — In cases where this 
 form of rheumatism is to be treated, use the Rheumatic 
 Beer for a drink, and the Sciatic Syrup. This is the 
 best internal remedy I have ever tried, and in the course 
 of thirty years' practice, I have had occasion to make use 
 of all the most popular remedies. In this species of 
 rheumatism, as in all others, sulphur should be used, 
 and the Liniment and Plaster as directed above. 
 
 I close my remarks upon this disease, by giving to my 
 readers a receipt which is known as " Dr. John Wil- 
 liam's Last Legacy to the World," and recommended 
 in the treatment of this disease : 
 
 Take Prince's pin tops, horse-radish root, elecampane 
 roots, prickly ash bark, bitter sweet bark, (of the root), 
 wild cherry bark, and mustard seed, a small handful of 
 
212 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ach. Make a decoction and drink. Add one gill of 
 tar- water and one pint of brandy. Take a glass three 
 times each day before eating. 
 
 [Note. — I make the above in the form of a Syrup? 
 which is much more convenient, and, in my opinion, bet- 
 ter, than it is as above set forth. I add half an ounce 
 of hydrodate of potash to each bottle. I will forward 
 it to any one desiring it. Price, $1.00 per bottle.] 
 
 MUMPS. 
 
 Mumps is a swelling of the glands about the throat, 
 and often occurs as an epidemic. Children of both sexes 
 are more liable to it than adults. It more generally oc- 
 curs in spring than at other periods. Causes — contagion. 
 
 Symptoms. — One or both of the parotid glands of the 
 neck become large, hard, and often painful, and some 
 times become so large as to impede respiration, and cause 
 a difficulty of swollowing. 
 
 The swelling is often translated to the testicles, and 
 becomes dangerous, increasing for three or four days, 
 then subsides, and wholly disappears. There is usually 
 some fever attending the complaint; other parts are 
 sometimes affected from sympathy. Suppuration some 
 times, but rarely, takes place. The contents of the tu- 
 mor being discharged into the larynx, produce suffo- 
 cation \ but this is rarely the - case, as the disease usually 
 puts on a mild aspect. The great danger arises from the 
 patient taking cold. 
 
 Treatment. — The patient should be directed to keep 
 warm in bed, and perspiration promoted, by drinking 
 freely of diluting liquors, such as an infusion of balm or 
 
MUMPS. 213 
 
 balm tea. If there is costiveness, give a gentle purga- 
 tive, and bathe the feet. Be particular in the first place 
 to keep the affected part bathed with my All-Healing 
 Liniment, and covered with the All-Healing and Strength- 
 ening Plaster. If these articles should not be at hand, 
 then cover the swelling with a pledget of cotton or tow ; 
 and should it be very painful or troublesome, it may be 
 bathed with the following liniment : Castile soap, scraped, 
 one drachm ; sassafras oil, half an ounce ; sweet oil, 
 one ounce ; gum camphor, three drachms ; and two 
 ounces compound tincture of myrrh ; mix and bathe the 
 parts thoroughly three times a day ; cover the parts with 
 cotton, or tow, if convenient, if not, apply flannel. In 
 case of a secession (by which this complaint is thrown 
 to the testicle or other parts) an emetic may be taken, 
 and free perspiration must be promoted, by giving one 
 teaspoonful of the sassafras or sweating drops every 
 hour, diluted with tea and sweetened. Should suppura- 
 tion take place, a poultice must be applied, made by ad- 
 ding Indian meal to beer or yeast, until it is formed into 
 the consistence of a poultice. 
 
 If the above applications do not reach the case ef- 
 fectually, take wood ashes made wet, and as hot as can 
 be borne, and apply to the testicle, or parts effected. 
 The above treatment has invariably been found success- 
 ful in all cases. 
 
 If my All-Healing Liniment is applied thoroughly, and 
 the parts covered with the Healing and Strengthening 
 Plaster, there will be no cause of working with it lower 
 down, if the patient is kept out of the wet and cold. 
 
 PILES. 
 
 This troublesome and annoying disease makes its ap 
 pearance in two different states. 
 
214 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 1. A varicose or pr et era atur ally distended state of the 
 veins in the vicinity of the anus. 
 
 2. In a state of tumor or excrescence, which apparent- 
 ly consists of a solid fleshy mass. The first is internal, 
 the second external. 
 
 Causes. — The piles are often occasioned by aloetic pur- 
 gatives. When aloes are mnch nsed as purgatives or 
 bitters, they are sure to bring on this disease. 
 
 Symptoms. — Discharge of mucus or blood, small round 
 tumors, more or less hard, sometimes singly and at other 
 times several together, make their appearance at the 
 verge of the bowels. In some cases we find a mere 
 tumid ring. These are attended at first with but little 
 inconvenience, but as the disease progresses they produce 
 headache, disordered stomach, pain in the loins, and pain 
 in making discharges from the bowels. They will at 
 first be occasional, coming on after a cold, or some in- 
 temperance or costiveness, but in many instances will 
 become permanent, with occasional states of inflamma- 
 tion, and very painful. Sometimes they will discharge 
 great quantities of blood, and thus weakens the patient, 
 and produce great alarm. As the disease advances, the 
 inconvenience attending it become greater. Extreme 
 pain is experienced by the patient in going to stool, fol- 
 lowed by a great tenesmus, or pressing down, with a 
 heaviness, and an itching, disagreeable sensation through 
 the hips. This statement is deemed sufficient to de- 
 scribe the disease and enable the patient to discover it 
 when attacked. 
 
 Treatment. — In the treatment of either bleeding or 
 blind piles, (state of tumor,) a strict attention must be 
 given to obviate costiveness, and the best article for this 
 purpose which I have found, is sulphur and cream 
 
PILES. 215 
 
 of tartar, taken in sweet milk, molasses, or honey, in 
 quantities sufficient to keep the bowels regular. Let the 
 patient drink each day a pint of ley, made of hickory 
 ashes, a large teaspoonful of ashes to a pint of water. 
 Let stand till clear, then skim off, and drink through the 
 day. I have used various ointments for this complaint, 
 and I find the best one is made as follows : Take fire 
 weed, celandine, and yellow dock; mash any quantity 
 and cover with good spirits, let it stand a few days, ad4 
 a pound of butter, half an ounce of saltpetre, and half 
 an ounce of borax to a quart of the pulp. My method 
 of preparing it is to put it on the fire and evaporate all 
 the spirit and crisp the pulp with the butter, and then 
 press it out clean before adding the saltpetre and borax. 
 This is the best pile salve I have ever used. I shall also 
 give other pile salves which are highly recommended. 
 During my practice, when it happened that I did not 
 have the above salve prepared, I always used the Arme- 
 nian Oil, and in every case found great benefit resulting 
 from its use. I have also used the Healing Salve very 
 successfully. If the patient is of intemperate habits, it 
 is a matter of great importance that he should at once 
 abandon them if he expects to be cured of piles. Pay 
 strict attention to the condition of the bowels; keep 
 them regular, and use the ointment as directed. I con- 
 sider the use of my All-Healing Liniment as almost in- 
 dispensable in this disease. It may be used in the folio w- 
 lowing manner: Let the Liniment be mixed with an 
 equal quantity of strongly saturated saltpetre water. 
 
 If the attack of piles is inwardly, use the Pile 
 Electuary. Take a mutton-tallow candle, grease it well 
 with the ointment, and apply it to the inside. The 
 wash is very severe, but its use is preferable to the suffer- 
 
216 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ing and inconvenience which attends this disease. The 
 pain which follows the application of the wash is not 
 of long duration, and the benefits arising from the treat- 
 ment will more than over-balance the temporary pain 
 which it produces. I speak from my own experience in 
 this disease, and know whereof I write. The length of 
 time required to effect a cure of this disease depends 
 entirely upon the faithfulness of attendance and the 
 habits of the patient. "When the disease is not very bad, 
 use the Pile Elixer as directed, and use a wash made by 
 putting saltpetre in brandy ; with this bathe the parts 
 twice a day and anoint with the Armenian Oil or Healing 
 Salve. 
 
 FEBRILE DISEASES. 
 
 Character. — This class of disease is characterized by 
 an increase of heat and accelerated pulse, a foul tongue, 
 and an impaired state of several functions of the body. 
 
 Fevers in general. — Fever, says Dr. Beach, constitutes 
 parhaps the largest proportion or class of diseases which 
 assail the human family, and, notwithstanding the nu- 
 merous inquiries, experiments, and theories on the sub- 
 ject by medical men, from time immemorial, the nature, 
 cause, and treatment remain the same ; and there is at 
 this day no uniformity, either in opinion or practice. 
 They all go blindly to work to cure it, like the physician 
 mentioned by Dr. Alembert. He compares him to a 
 blind man armed with a club, who comes to interfere 
 between nature and disease ; if he strikes the disease, he 
 kills the disease ; if he strikes nature, he kills nature, or 
 the patient. 
 
 Says a writer: "This is the disease which to break, to 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 217 
 
 baffle, to conquor or subdue, the learned colleges of physi- 
 cians have tried all their efforts, and spent their skill in 
 vain. It must have its course, is the common sentiment ; 
 if one mode of treatment fails, we must try another, and 
 another, and another, till the exhausted imagination, the 
 worn out sources of the meteria rnedica, and the dying 
 patient avert the hand of the experimenter, (and I might 
 have said, tormenter,) or nature triumphs equally over 
 medicine and disease. 
 
 " The practice of medicine is perhaps the only instance 
 in which a man can profit by his blunders and mistakes. 
 The very medicines which aggravate and protract the 
 malady, bind a laurel on the professor's brow ; when at 
 length the sick is saved by the living powers of nature 
 struggling against death and the physicians, he receives 
 all the credit of a miraculous cure ; he is lauded to the 
 skies for delivering the sick from a detail of the most 
 deadly symptoms of misery, into which they never would 
 have risen but by the restorative efforts of the living 
 power which at once triumphed over poison, disease, and 
 death. 
 
 " The causes which have conspired to cover with un- 
 certainty the treatment of fever, and to arm the members 
 of the faculty often against each other, are numerous 
 and important. A brief detail would unfold the many 
 causes of error, and the fatal consequences which often 
 result from the established practice." 
 
 Description , or Definition of Fever. — Fever is an increas- 
 ed action of the heart and arteries, to expel from the 
 system irritating or morbific matter, or to bring about a 
 healthy action. It is salutary in its nature, being the 
 means used to throw off* something that offends or op- 
 presses her. It is often fatal, but this is rather to be at- 
 
218 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 tributed to the fault of the constitution than the disease 
 itself, or rather to the want of proper remedies. 
 
 When a person is attacked by a shivering, followed 
 by a hot skin, a quick pulse, and a feeling of lan- 
 guor and lassitude, he is said to have an attack of 
 fever. With such symptoms are usually present also a 
 loss of appetite, thirst, restlessness, and diminished se- 
 cretion. This constitutes the leading symptoms of fever, 
 the characteristic features by which its presence may be 
 detected. Every function of the body, indeed, is more 
 or less disturbed. 
 
 Causes. — As much controversy and speculation as there 
 is respecting the pathology or nature of fever, we think 
 there is no complaint that is more simple or easily un- 
 derstood, as regards causes, symptoms, and treatment. 
 It would be too tedious further to enumerate the various 
 theories that have been maintained respecting the origin 
 and nature of this class of diseases. We shall, there- 
 fore, omit this, and enter into a practical disquisition of 
 the subject. I shall now speak of the remote, inter- 
 mediate, and proximate causes of fever. We may con- 
 sider fever a unit; that the various phenomena of the 
 complaint depend not so much upon any specific differ- 
 ence in the many types in fever, but consist rather in 
 the various exciting causes, habits, temperament, etc. 
 
 Remote Causes. — In general, every cause capable of 
 producing a departure from a healthy standard, predis- 
 poses the system to fever. 
 
 1. High atmospheric temperature may be mentioned 
 as a cause. 
 
 2. Cold. — As a cause of fever, cold plays a very promi- 
 nent part. It diminishes the action of the capillary 
 vessels, giving a pale, shrunken, and dry state of the 
 skin. It also diminishes the sensibility of the system. 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 219 
 
 3. Heat. — Heat may also be reckoned as a remote or 
 predisposing cause to fever. Dr. James Johnson, speak- 
 ing of the effects of heat upon the system, thus remarks : 
 " Solar heat produces only the predisposition, while 
 terrestial exhalations and cold, call into action the princi- 
 pal diseases of hot climates." 
 
 The mode in which solar heat contributes to the pro- 
 duction of disease appears to be either by augmenting 
 the general irritability of the system, or, more generally, 
 by exciting inordinate functional action of the skin and 
 the liver, and thereby rendering them more susceptible 
 of the paralyzing impression of cold. 
 
 Between the skin and the liver there exists a close and 
 powerful sympathy, in consequence of which, whatever 
 excites the functions of the former, produces, perhaps, an 
 equal increase of the functions of the latter organ. Heat 
 also operates as a cause of fever, by extricating or evolv- 
 ing certain deleterious gases or agents. 
 
 The most prolific and fruitful source of disease is cold 
 united with moisture. "When the atmosphere is cold and 
 dry, it seldom causes any complaint ; but in damp, wet, 
 and very cold weather, the system becomes more sus- 
 ceptible of morbid impressions. Much, however, de- 
 pends upon the state of the body when exposed to cold. 
 If it be very gradually applied, it can be borne with im- 
 punity ; but if it be applied suddenly, and especially 
 when there is great perspiration, fever or inflammation 
 succeeds. All sudden transitions from heat to cold, or 
 cold to heat, are sources of fever. 
 
 The capillary system ceases to perform its office, or 
 performs it imperfectly, the consequence of which is, 
 that vitiated blood recedes from the surface, and is accu- 
 mulated in too great a quantity upon the heart and large 
 
220 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 arteries, which, causes in them an unnatural or preternatu- 
 ral effort to return it to its original channels, or into the 
 vessels of the skin, to relax or overcome its constriction, 
 and thereby expel the irritating, morbific, or perspirable 
 matter. 
 
 Infection — Deleterious Effluvia. — By this term, we un- 
 derstand a class of febrile agents floating in the air, 
 and which are taken into the circulation, through the 
 medium of the lungs. It may be divided into three 
 kinds: 
 
 1st. Effluvia arising from the decomposition of vege- 
 table agents. 
 
 2d. An effluvia produced by a person in a state of 
 disease. 
 
 3d. Effluvia from putrid animal substances. 
 
 1st. Marsh or Vegetable Effluvia. — The effluvia arising 
 from the decomposition of vegetable matter, aided by a 
 degree of heat, and perhaps moisture, mixes with the 
 atmosphere and contaminates it. This is taken into the 
 system, and, if not thrown off by some of the excretory 
 ducts, proves an exciting cause of fever. 
 
 It is an established fact, that marsh and other effluvia, 
 passing over bays or rivers of water, are absorbed and 
 annihilated. Daily experience still confirms that it is in 
 the neighborhood of marshes, and all such places where 
 vegetable and animal putrefaction takes place to any 
 extent, that pestilential and other diseases of various 
 grades and violence prevail. 
 
 Epidemics, attended with carbuncles and berboes, which 
 are denominated, in conjunction with ordinary symp- 
 toms of what is called hospital or jail fever, the charac- 
 teristics of the plague, down to the mildest intermittents, 
 have appeared and raged with extraordinary violence, 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 221 
 
 occasioned by the exhalations from putrifying animal 
 and vegetable substances. 
 
 There can be no doubt but stagnated water is a very 
 common cause of fever under any circumstances. It is 
 related in Goldsmith's Animated Mature, that vessels be- 
 calmed in the ocean near the Cape of Good Hope, when 
 the water had been perfectly still for some time, its sur- 
 face was covered with a green slime, and numerous 
 snakes and other animals were seen in different direc- 
 tions. The consequence of the corrupted state of the 
 water was, that a number of the crew became sick of a 
 fever and soon died. As soon as they were favored with 
 a breeze, no more were attacked, and recovery of the 
 sick succeeded. 
 
 This fact shows that a deleterious gas or effluvia pro- 
 ceeded from the water and generated the disease. 
 
 2d. Human Effluvia. — By this term we understand 
 such a secretion from the body of a person laboring 
 under disease, as is capable of producing another of a 
 similar nature, aided also by filth, heat, and other causes. 
 It occurs in crowded apartments, jails, hospitals, ships, 
 etc., and other places not duly ventilated. Dr. Smith, of 
 New York, observes that this effluvia is especially 
 generated in the apartments of the sick, particularly of 
 those who are laboring under a typhus state of fever. 
 Dr. Eberle, of Philadelphia, says : " I would restrict this 
 term to those morbific effluvia which are generated by 
 decomposition of the animal secretions, whether formed in 
 a state of health or disease; and to the ordinary exha- 
 lation from the body, when accumulated in such a man- 
 ner as to deteriorate the atmosphere of confined rooms, 
 if these be really capable in themselves, and without do- 
 
222 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 composition, of exciting fevers." This effluvia is the 
 source of typhus and some other continued fevers. 
 
 Under this head may be enumerated the effluvia 
 or contagion arising from persons laboring under small- 
 pox, measles, scarlet fever, etc. 
 
 There is an instance recorded in the New England 
 Medical Journal, from Dr. J. A. Allen, in the state of 
 Vermont, of three persons having died in one house of 
 typhus gravior or malignant typhus. The weather be- 
 ing unusually warm, the corpses of the last two sudden- 
 ly run into the putrefactive process, and not being de- 
 posited in coffins sufficiently close, the effluvia evolved 
 was very offensive to the people who attended the fu- 
 neral ceremonies. Nearly all who were exposed to those 
 septic gases had an attack of the disease ; and from the 
 sick it was communicated to their attendants through 
 the season, and thus it became epidemical. The interim 
 of time from exposure to an attack was from ten to 
 twenty-one days. The spasmodic cholera may be com- 
 municated in the same manner. 
 
 3d. Animal Effluvia, — Putrid animal matter is another 
 cause of fever. Magendie found that, on exposing dif- 
 ferent animals to the exhalations arising from putrid 
 animal matter, diseases were produced in them, similar 
 to those produced by pestilential effluvia. It is, there- 
 fore, very probable that such putrid agents floating in 
 the atmosphere constitute the deleterious principle of 
 putrid animal effluvia, and that the different kinds or 
 modifications of disease produced by it depends upon the 
 state of the system, peculiarity of constitution, the qual- 
 ity of noxious effluvia, and the substances from which it 
 is derived. It has been from this source that many pes- 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 223 
 
 tilential fevers have originated in different parts of Eu- 
 rope, particularly after battles. The gas or effluvia 
 arising from the decomposition of dead bodies after a 
 battle, when they have been suffered to lay above 
 ground, have caused fevers of the most fatal character. 
 It appears very evident that contagious diseases, fevers 
 particularly, are communicated to the system through 
 the lungs, and not the stomach, as some suppose. The 
 small-pox cannot be communicated by conveying the 
 poison or virus into the stomach, as has been proved ; 
 but on exposing animals to the effluvia arising from pu- 
 trid substances, they became diseased and died. After 
 this poison has been taken into the constitution, it acts 
 as a foreign or extraneous agent to the internal surface 
 of the heart and arteries, and there is immediate com- 
 motion or effort to dislodge it by the skin or the other 
 excretions ; and if they perform their offices well, if the 
 perspiration be not obstructed, or if it be free, such 
 agents or poisonous effluvia will be carried off without 
 much shock or injury to the system. But, on the con- 
 trary, if it be predisposed to the disease by any means 
 whatever, fever becomes established, to effect what the 
 powers of nature are unable to accomplish. It is under 
 such circumstances that her salutary efforts must be 
 aided. 
 
 The reason why the stomach is generally so much ef- 
 fected in febrile diseases, is in consequence of the lungs 
 and their appendages being lined with a continuation of 
 the mucus tissue or first passages, and, therefore, being 
 more accessible to the deleterious air or effluvia inhaled 
 or inspired. 
 
 Intermediate Causes. — Among the various intermediate 
 causes of fever, may be ranked a morbid state of the 
 
224 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 stomach, arising either from vitiated bile, worms, or 
 other sources of irritation. This morbid condition of 
 the stomach, however, sometimes arises from the delete- 
 rious state of the atmosphere. A late French author, 
 Broussais, maintains that the source of all diseases origi- 
 nates in the stomach and first passages, or the mucus 
 membrane of the alimentary canal. This he termed 
 gastro enteritis. In accordance with this theory, he gives 
 few or no purgatives, but prescribes the mildest medi- 
 cines, leaches over the region of the stomach, clysters, 
 etc. But the principal and almost only intermediate 
 cause of fever, is obstruction in the capillary vessels; 
 cold, suddenly applied or long continued, acts as a seda- 
 tive, closes the pores, and thus becomes a powerful inter- 
 mediate cause of fever. A viscid state of the blood or 
 other fluids, may in part cause this obstruction. 
 
 Nature, in such circumstances, appears to be retreating 
 before some powerful invader; but when the sedative 
 powers are violent and suddenly applied, she makes 
 strong efforts to relieve herself, and the gates of this tu- 
 multuous city are barred, while she is assembling all her 
 forces to expel the enemy ; for during the paroxysms of 
 fever, the pores are strongly closed, while the vital ener- 
 gy is evidently concentrated and collected in the heart, 
 which propels the blood with renewed vigor through 
 the arterial system in the whole extent. 
 
 It is not found easy to explain how debility produces 
 this spasmodic contraction, but is imputed to the law in 
 animal economy abover mentioned, by which motions 
 are excited to obviate the effect of anything noxious to 
 the constitution ; and that the spasm exists appears from 
 the suppression of all excretions, and the shrinking of 
 the external parts during the cold stage. This proves 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 225 
 
 an indirect stimulus to the sanguiferous system, by throw- 
 ing the blood mixed with acid, perspirable matter, back 
 with violence upon the heart and large arteries, and ex- 
 citing them to stronger and more frequent contractions, 
 which increased action of the heart and arteries contin- 
 ues till it restores the diminished energy of the brain, 
 extends this energy to the extreme vessels, overcomes 
 the spasm, restores their action, on which sweat breaks 
 forth, the other excretories are also relaxed, and the fever 
 abates. 
 
 Proximate or Immediate Cause. — The proximate or im- 
 mediate cause of fever is a retention of acrid, stimulating, 
 or morbific matter or humors, which, instead of being 
 carried off by the outlets or excretions of the system, 
 enters the circulation, and stimulates the heart and arteries 
 to an undue and increased action, to overcome the ob- 
 struction of the capillary vessels and to expel such mor- 
 bific matter. 
 
 The seat of Fever, then, is in the Blood- Vessels or the 
 Vascular System. It is well known that most fevers fol- 
 low a sudden check of perspiration. Hence it is evident 
 that the existing cause must be in the blood, and arises 
 from an excess of stimulus, or a morbid excitement ap- 
 plies to the heart and arteries, or the sanguiferous sys- 
 tem. This fact is demonstrated by the phenomena of 
 eruptive disease, small-pox, measles, etc. This infection, 
 or contagion, is taken into the blood through the me- 
 dium of the lungs, and as soon as it becomes sufficiently 
 impregnated with the specific humor or virus, a preter- 
 natural action of the blood-vessels immediately takes 
 place. Nature is arrested and makes a powerful effort 
 or struggle to expel the poison from the system. As 
 15 
 
226 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 soon as she accomplishes this object, the exciting cause 
 or agent in these eruptive complaints is thrown copiously 
 to the surface, and appears in the form of vesicles or 
 eruptions ; and when they are thus expelled, the fever 
 immediately subsides, but will re-appear, if, from debility 
 or other causes, the poison or humor is absorbed. It is 
 the case also in hectic fever, as almost every one knows ; 
 matter from the lungs or an ulcer is taken into the cir- 
 culation, and causes fever. It is also proved from the 
 termination of fever by sweats, and also by fever sores. 
 These facts reduce it to a mathematical demonstration, 
 and render the subject so simple and plain, that it is 
 really a matter of profound astonishment, that any one 
 at least acquainted with fever, should be ignorant of its 
 nature, cause and cure. 
 
 With all the evidence which we possess, therefore, 
 that the blood frequently becomes charged with sub- 
 stances of an irritating or deleterious character, there 
 can surely exist no reasonable doubt that fever must 
 sometimes be the result of a direct and primary irrita- 
 tion of the heart and arteries ; for it will, most assuredly, 
 not be denied that agents which are capable of causing 
 morbid impressions on the nerves of the skin, the ali- 
 mentary canal, or of any other organ, will be equally 
 capable of producing irritation in the heart and arteries, 
 when they are brought in immediate contact with their 
 internal surface. 
 
 These morbific agents may likewise act upon some 
 organ, cause inflammation, and thereby produce symp- 
 tomatic fever. 
 
 The acid sweats (says a writer) thrown out from the 
 poison mass of blood, by means of the small exhalent 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 227 
 
 arteries, in malignant and pestilential diseases forming 
 the matter of infection, and adhering to the bed-clothes 
 and linen, which, by its corrosive qualities, it destroys 
 and rots, and, if exerted in any considerable quantity, 
 so commonly relieves the patient, (inasmuch as the volume 
 of poison contained in the arterial system is thereby 
 lessened,) shows that the blood, in certain diseases, con- 
 tains something of a noxious nature. The appearances 
 also which blood, drawn in pestilential fevers, puts on, 
 corresponds with that in which septic gas had been arti- 
 ficially injected. Blood, thus infected with this poison, 
 taken up by the absorbent vessels, will continue to stim- 
 ulate the heart and arteries, wearing out their excitability, 
 and, consequently, bring on death, if the constitution be 
 incapable of becoming habituated to its stimulus, or a 
 part or whole of the stimulus be not subducted. If it 
 be present in any great quantity, it may cause a sudden 
 extinction of the vital principle, as is observed sometimes 
 to happen in highly pestilential diseases. In a word, we 
 may sum up the causes of fever as follows : 
 
 Remote Cause. — 1. Cold. 2. Heat. 3. Marsh or vege- 
 table effluvia. 4. Human effluvia. 5. Animal effluvia ; 
 to which may be added great exertion and fatigue, the 
 passions, injuries, etc. But cold, or a check of perspi- 
 ration, no doubt produces three-fourths of the febrile dis- 
 eases. 
 
 Intermediate Causes. — 1. Morbid state of the stomach 
 from worms, bile, etc. 2. Obstruction in the capillary 
 vessels. 
 
 Proximate Causes. — Extraneous morbid or deleteri- 
 ous agents, generated in or out of the body, mixed with 
 the blood, and acting as incitants or stimulants upon the 
 
228 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 internal surface of the heart and arteries, propelling the 
 blood with increased force or velocity, in order to expel 
 these morbific agents by the skin or other outlets, or ex- 
 cretions of the system ; and, therefore, fever may be 
 considered a friendly effort of nature to restore the sys- 
 tem to health. It is evident that the deleterious agent 
 is first mixed with the blood, and occasions the fever; 
 and, consequently, if not arrested, it fastens itself on 
 some of the organs or solids, and causes irritation and 
 inflammation. 
 
 Symptoms. — 1. Chill and Heat. — The first characteristic 
 symptom of fever is chills, succeeded by a preternatural 
 degree of heat. Sometimes the chill is very severe, at 
 other times very light ; but fever is almost invariably 
 ushered in by this symptom. The patient complains of 
 great coldness ; he shakes and trembles ; the skin be- 
 comes pale, rough, and shrunken, and sometimes there 
 is a sensation as if cold water was running down the 
 back. After a while the chilliness subsides, and flush- 
 ings and heat prevail, with a return of the colors of the 
 skin. The eyes and face become read, and the patient 
 now complains of heat. 
 
 This may be said to constitute the hot stage of fever. 
 The continuance of the cold stage is very uncertain ; 
 sometimes it lasts an hour ; at other times it continues 
 several days, with alternate flushing of heat. 
 
 There is no satisfactory or reasonable cause assigned for 
 the chill or cold stage of fever, but it appears to me very 
 obvious and self-evident. "When the blood, by cold or any- 
 thing else, is obstructed in the blood-vessels of the surface, it 
 must recede, be thrown back, and accumulate upon the 
 heart and great blood-vessels. Cold then, as a matter of 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 229 
 
 course, must predominate. The blood or circulation, the 
 cause and seat of animal heat, being cut off or carried 
 on very partially in the vessels of the skin, there is then 
 experienced a cold sensation, which we call chills or 
 rigeors. As soon as an unnatural or preternatural stim- 
 ulus of the blood is felt by the heart and arteries on 
 account of such obstruction, a powerful reaction takes 
 place to overcome it, the heart beats more violently, the 
 pulse is accelerated, and the blood is thrown back into 
 the capillary system so forcibly as to cause an unnatural 
 or too great a degree of heat, which we term fever. 
 Thus we see that a battle, as it were, occurs between 
 these two contending parties or agents — cold on the 
 one hand, termed chills, and heat on the other, termed 
 fever. If the former (cold) prevails, the disease proves 
 fatal ; if the latter, (heat,) recovery or health is the re- 
 sult ; that is, if it so far prevails as to overcome the ob- 
 struction or remove the cause of the disease. In other 
 language, there is a struggle between the vital powers 
 and the febrific agent. 
 
 2. Increase of the Pulse. — Another invariable symptom 
 is an increase in the frequency of the pulse. It usually 
 becomes more frequent, fuller and harder; sho wing- 
 clearly the increased action of the heart and arteries, 
 which, however, is modified or altered by various inci- 
 dental circumstances ; by some of the passions, by diet, 
 air, medicine, etc. 
 
 3. Debility. — Another invariable symptom attendant 
 on fevers is debility. There is a sense of languor, lassi- 
 tude and fatigue, which is generally increased by any 
 exertions. 
 
 4. Pain, — There is pain experienced in different parts 
 
230 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 of the body, in the head, neck, along the course of the 
 spine, and in the extremities, in the muscles and joints ; 
 a sense of soreness of the flesh or bones, and great de- 
 pression and heaviness is complained of; a general 
 trembling, want of sleep, or it is disturbed and unre- 
 freshing ; there is a peevish or fretful temper, and diffi- 
 cult respiration. 
 
 5. The Secretions. — All the secretions and excretions 
 of the body are deranged on or before the accession of 
 fevers. By looking at the tongue, the back part of it 
 particularly, a very unhealthy and morbid appearance will 
 be discovered; it appears coated with a foul substance, 
 and this serves as an index to point out the accumula- 
 tion of bilious matter, or a disordered state of the stom- 
 ach. There is usually thirst, loss of appetite, nausea 
 and vomiting; the mouth is dry and clammy; the skin 
 is dry and parched from diminished perspiration; the 
 urine is scanty and high colored; and there is generally 
 constipation of the bowels, and the evacuations from 
 them are dark and foetid. In a word, all the functions of 
 the body are impaired. 
 
 6. These are the leading characteristic symptoms of 
 fever from various causes and circumstances; there is an 
 infinite number of variations and modifications ; but 
 such are the most prominent features of this class of dis- 
 eases. 
 
 7. Fever is Primary or Symjrtomatic. — There should be 
 a distinction made and kept in view between primary 
 and symptomatic fevers. First : Primary, when it does 
 not arise from any other complaint. Second: "When it 
 does arise from some complaint, as injuries, wounds, etc. 
 
 8. Restoration of the Secretions. — It is exceedingly impor- 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 231 
 
 tant in a practical point of view, ever to bear in mind 
 the method invariably adopted by nature to cure a fever, 
 which is the restoration of the secretions, and in most 
 cases it is by sweat or perspiration. Without this 
 knowledge, there will be error in practice. But when a 
 practitioner is well apprised of this fact, he will at once 
 know what indications to fulfill; in other words, what 
 course of treatment to pursue. 
 
 Common Treatment. — The principal and almost only 
 remedies (if such they may be called) resorted to, are 
 mercury, bleeding and blistering. It is sufficient here to 
 observe, that, instead of such treatment proving benefi- 
 cial, by aiding nature to overcome the disease, it counter- 
 acts her salutary efforts, and either destroys the patient, 
 endangers his life, or protracts his complaint ; and should 
 his constitution be sufficiently vigorous to withstand the 
 combined influence of these " herculean remedies," or, 
 in other words, should the patient recover in spite of 
 them and the violence of the disease, the subsequent ef- 
 fects injure or ruin his health. 
 
 When a person is attacked with a fever, the whole san- 
 guiferous system is stimulated or aroused to throw off or 
 cast out the enemy, and she invariably points, as we be- 
 fore stated, to certain doors, outlets, or excretions of the 
 system, as the only natural and proper passages through 
 which such enemy must be driven from the system ; and 
 it is the province of the physician to aid her in this 
 wise and well-established effort and intention ; but when 
 such means are made use of, instead of rendering her 
 the necessary assistance, her powers and energies are en- 
 tirely crushed, weakened or diminished; first, by bleed- 
 ing; second, by administering a poisonous mineral, 
 
232 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 (mercury,) and thereby corrupting the fluids, and inducing 
 another dangerous disease, perhaps worse than the first. 
 
 General Indications of Cure. — Restore the suppressed 
 evacuations, or the secretion and excretion. This will 
 remove the offending or irritating cause ; and when this is 
 removed, the effect, or, in other words, the fever, must 
 necessarily cease. In fulfilling this one indication, con- 
 sists the whole secret of curing febrile diseases. 
 
 Particular Indications of Cure. — 1. Moderate the vio- 
 lence of arterial excitement. 
 
 2. Obviate local inflammation and congestion. 
 
 3. Support the powers of the system. 
 
 4. Relieve urgent symptoms. 
 
 The necessity of fulfilling all these indications must be 
 borne in mind by the practitioner ; in every modifica- 
 tion of fever, it becomes his duty to render himself an 
 assistant of nature. 
 
 What she endeavors in the commencement of the dis- 
 ease to accomplish, is to evacuate the deleterious agents 
 by the proper passages. The whole business of art, 
 therefore, is to assist nature in these two efforts of secre- 
 tion and excretion of the morbific matter. The manner 
 of effecting this, in every particular species of fever, is 
 given under their respective heads ; but as we are treat- 
 ing of fever in general, it may be proper to give the 
 general principles of treating them, without entering 
 into the various subdivisions or modifications. The 
 treatment, however, here laid down, is proper for all 
 kinds of fever. 
 
 The remedies which are to be given to assist the se- 
 cretion and preparation of the morbid and diseased mat- 
 ter, are sudorific, diluting drinks, and medicines such as 
 produce a determination to the surface, evacuate and 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 233 
 
 give a healthy tone to the stomach and bowels, kidneys, 
 etc. 
 
 Secretions and Excretions. — I have already stated that 
 the great secret of curing fever, is the restoration of the 
 secretions and excretions; the violence of the disease is 
 just in proportion to their torpor or obstruction ; and as 
 soon as they are restored and perform their offices, the 
 whole catalogue of symptoms attendant on fever at once 
 vanish, like fire before the watery element. 
 
 "When they are restored to their healthy action, how 
 quick does convalesence take place. The gastric, the 
 alvine, the urinary, and perspiratory discharges and func- 
 tions become natural, the heat of the system equalized, 
 the pulse falls to its natural standard; and with this de- 
 cline of the febrile commotion, there is a correspondent 
 healthy action in every organ ; the appetite is improved, 
 and strength and health re-established. 
 
 The Stomach. — When we reflect upon the extensive 
 influence of the stomach over the system, and particular- 
 ly the skin, we shall be able more readily to appreciate 
 the utility of emetics in febrile diseases. It is by reason 
 of this intimate relation and connection between the 
 stomach and every part of the system that the adminis- 
 tration of an emetic proves so very effectual. It not 
 only cleanses the stomach of any bilious, feculant, irri- 
 tating, or morbific matter, but it proves eminently bene- 
 ficial by the general relaxation which follows it, ap- 
 proaching sometimes almost to fainting, and which 
 extends to the skin and produces perspiration. They 
 may, as a general rule, be given where there is much 
 nausea, and where there is no peculiarity of constitu- 
 tion to forbid. They are very serviceable in bilious, in- 
 termitting, and remitting fevers. 
 
234 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 An emetic given in the commencement of a fever, will 
 sometimes remove it at once. Even when the stomach 
 has been thoroughly cleansed, the exhibition of an emetic 
 may be advantageously given, in consequence of the 
 shock and stimulating effect given to the stomach, liver, 
 and neighboring organs. Intermittent fever has some- 
 times been cured by a single emetic. In some diseases 
 there appears to be such a morbid accumulation that 
 other medicines will not act upon the living fibre, and, 
 therefore, this class of medicine becomes important as a 
 preparatory step in the treatment. In typhus, and other 
 modifications of fever, emetics may be beneficially ad- 
 ministered. 
 
 The Bowels. — The intimate relation which exists be- 
 tween the whole of the alimentary tube or canal, the 
 skin, and other parts of the animal economy, points out 
 the necessity of promoting in them a healthy action. 
 Purgatives, therefore, have a decided good effect in fever. 
 The preternatural excitement of the blood-vessels is 
 sensibly diminished by the exibition of purgatives. This 
 effect takes place by removing the feculent matter which 
 they contain, and by stimulating the exhalent vessels of 
 the mucus membrane of the intestines, causing them to 
 pour out copious effusions from the blood or circulating 
 mass. Their importance must be seen in a striking view, 
 when the length of the intestines is considered, which 
 is about thirty feet, and also their office. There is an 
 immense number of vessels opening into them through 
 their whole extent, and from which there is poured out 
 a vast quantity of feculent matter ; and when there is 
 preternatural stimulus given to the intestines by purga- 
 tives, there is a sympathetic affection of the whole system ; 
 the circulation becomes more equal, the pulse is lowered, 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 235 
 
 pain in the head and other parts diminished or removed, 
 and there is sensible improvement. Dr. Dewies has the 
 following excellent remarks on the utility of purgatives 
 in febrile diseases: 
 
 " In fevers of almost every description, purging is not 
 only useful, but in many is indispensable. There exists 
 constantly a want of equilibrium in the circulating sys- 
 tem whenever the body is attacked with fever, and the 
 determination, for the most part, is to the brain, the liver, 
 the spleen, or to the lungs, and few remedies are found 
 so effectual in restoring this want of balance, as well 
 chosen and properly adapted aperients. Besides the de- 
 termination just mentioned, fecal matter in the bowels is 
 constantly accumulating, which it is of much conse- 
 quence to remove. Occasionally, there will be a redund- 
 ancy of bile, at other times a deficiency; and we are 
 obliged sometimes to remove the one, or to solicit the 
 other; and both of these ends are answered by the 
 proper choice and exhibition of cathartics." 
 
 What an absurd and dangerous treatment must that 
 of Thompson be, and his followers, who reject purga- 
 tives, not only in this, but every disease. See Thompson's 
 Guide to Health, Howard and Mattson's works, all of 
 which inveigh much against this class of medicines, but 
 highly extol emetics and steaming. 
 
 Repetition of Purgatives. — Purgatives may be repeated 
 daily, and in the morning before any nourishment is 
 taken, in those fevers which ordinarily run their course 
 in a short time, such as inflammatory and yellow fever; 
 in those of longer duration, such as typhus and other 
 continued fevers, they may be given every other morn- 
 ing, or once in three days may be sufficient, (according 
 to the state of the disease and other circumstances,) pro- 
 
236 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 vided no particular symptoms or state of system contra- 
 indicate. Moderate doses of physic, in general, are suffi- 
 cient, except in the onset or commencement of a fever, 
 when a brisk purgative may be administered. 
 
 The Pores of the Skin, or Capillary System. — It appears 
 that febrile diseases, in their very nature and essence, 
 consist in a derangement of the skin or capillary system, 
 and that no means will subdue a fever until the functions 
 are restored. "We must be convinced of the necessity of 
 this from the extensive surface of the skin ; its connec- 
 tion with the stomach and sanguiferous system, and its 
 important office in casting off superfluous and noxious 
 matter. It is calculated that two thirds of what is taken 
 into the system is evaporated by sensible or insensible 
 perspiration. Hence it will be seen what mischief will 
 arise from a retention of this perspirable matter, and 
 what benefit will also follow by restoring this secretion. 
 Another great benefit to be derived from perspiration is 
 the evaporation that constantly takes place on the sur- 
 face, which keeps the skin cool and soft. 
 
 Diaphoretic, or sudorific medicine, then reduces gener- 
 al excitement, and is one excellent method of depleting 
 the system. Evacuations from the skin invariably lessen 
 the force of the heart and arteries, by taking from the 
 circulation every agent which is useless or injurious ; and 
 by relaxing the constriction of the surface, they remove 
 congestion by a determination of blood to the extreme 
 vessels, and, in a word, lay the axe, as it were, at the 
 root of the disease. 
 
 IsTo sooner does perspiration break out in a febrile pa- 
 tient, than there is a mitigation of all the symptoms ; the 
 dry, pale, and husky state of the skin is removed, the 
 balance in the circulation is restored, and very often a 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 237 
 
 violent attack of fever is cut short as soon as free sweat- 
 ing takes place. The obj ect then should be immediately to 
 restore perspiration, and continue it throughout the course 
 of fever; not violent sweating, but moderate perspiration, 
 or a gentle moisture of the skin. It is by this moisture 
 or the dry and parched state of the skin, that we form a 
 favorable or unfavorable opinion of the fever. If natural 
 perspiration cannot be promoted, we predict danger. 
 On the contrary, if it can be promoted and kept up, we 
 predict a favorable issue. Indeed, on this depends the 
 basis of our prognosis. One reason why ablution or 
 bathing the surface lessens the heat or fever of the sys- 
 tem is, that the air which comes in contact with the skin 
 conducts off the caloric or heat of the body, and gives 
 us a sensation of cold. Dry atmosphere, with a dry 
 state of the skin, is a bad, or non-conductor of heat, and, 
 therefore, conducts off little ; but a moist atmosphere or 
 skin, is a good or quick conductor, and carries off the 
 animal heat from the body very rapidly. This is one 
 reason why bathing the surface has such an astonishingly 
 beneficial effect in fever. 
 
 Sudorific or sweating medicine must, therefore, be 
 given, but not too freely, especially after a few days 
 from the accession or the attack. If those medicines 
 which are very stimulating will not fulfill this indica- 
 tion, or will not answer the purpose, then others must 
 be given, such as will have the desired effect without in- 
 creasing the heat of the body, as lobelia, Virginia snake- 
 root, sage, lemon balm, catnip, amaranthus, etc. 
 
 The following refrigerent, or cooling drink, I have 
 administered with excellent effect: Take the juice of a 
 lemon, cream of tartar, supertartrate of potash, one 
 tablespoonful, add a piut of water, and then sweeten 
 
238 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 with loaf-sugar. Whenever the patient is thirsty, let it 
 be freely drank, and bathe the surface with weak ley 
 water about three times a day. The effects are almost 
 immediate, and the fever is generally removed in a short 
 time. The nature of this preparation, although simple, 
 will convince the reader that it possesses very cooling or 
 anti-febrile properties. It promotes the discharge of 
 urine, is laxative, antiseptic, and refrigerent. I have pre- 
 scribed fever powders as a febrifuge, instead of the 
 diaphoretic powders, as I think it best to give as few 
 anodynes as possible. This article seems to act on the 
 skin without increasing the fever, while it imparts a 
 more healthy tone to the digestive organs, indications 
 very important to fulfill in the treatment of every grade 
 of fever. Ten grains, or a common teaspoonful, may be 
 given about every four hours during the day, in the form 
 of pill, powder, or wine tincture ; a cup of catnip or 
 other herb tea, to be taken immediately after each dose. 
 From the experience I have had of these powders, I 
 entertain a high opinion of their efficacy. 
 
 The Kidneys. — When the kidneys cease to perform 
 their offices, or do it imperfectly, the urine is scanty or 
 much diminished. The fluid is retained, carried into 
 the circulation, and must prove a source of irritation; 
 and hence the necessity of restoring the secretion of 
 them. Diuretic medicines, therefore, or such as promote 
 a discharge of urine, must be administered, and it will 
 be found that, as the urine begins to flow freely, there is 
 diminished arterial excitement. It is the case that fevers 
 and other inflammatory diseases are brought to a favor- 
 able termination by a spontaneous dischare of this fluid. 
 
 An infusion of spearmint possesses a remarkable diu- 
 retic property, and it may be drank freely. It not only 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 239 
 
 acts upon the kidneys, but likewise upon the skin, and 
 often allays nausea and irritability of the stomach. 
 
 The Lungs. — The lungs are organs to which strict at- 
 tention must be paid. They are the primum mobile, or main- 
 spring of the system, their office being to supply it with 
 the vital principle. If this is witheld, or if they absorb 
 impure air, the fever is exasperated. It is, therefore, 
 necessary to place the patient in a large, well ventilated 
 room. The method of suppressing fevers by this means 
 was practiced by the ancients ; they exposed their patients 
 to cold air, and gave them cold water to drink. Fresh 
 air is very salutary to a person in a fever ; it removes his 
 anxiety, cools the blood, revives the spirits, and is in 
 every view beneficial. There ought, therefore, to be a 
 constant stream of fresh air in the chamber, so as to keep 
 it moderately cool. Air that has been repeatedly breathed, 
 when the blood is inflamed or the humors are in a putrid 
 state, becomes unfit for respiration and acquires a noxi- 
 ous quality. The lungs also become affected by sympa- 
 thy, and where this is the case, irritation and cough 
 succeed. Under such circumstances, expectorants must 
 be given. 
 
 Local Treatment. — Attention must be paid to particular 
 symptoms, such as soreness of the throat, pain in the 
 head or other parts, from congestion, or an unusual 
 quantity of blood thrown upon some other organ, for 
 sickness at the stomach, etc. 
 
 The Surface. — The tenacious, viscid, perspirable matter, 
 is deposited upon the surface of the body in febrile dis- 
 eases, which dries upon it, and becomes an additional 
 means of keeping the pores closed or obstructed. The 
 usual moisture being gone, as before mentioned, a pre- 
 ternatural degree of heat is generated, which creates 
 distress and protracts the fever. 
 
240 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 The state of the system obviously points out the pro- 
 priety and necessity of bathing the surface very fre- 
 quently ; it removes everything which obstructs perspi- 
 ration externally, by relaxing the cutaneous vessels, and 
 by the evaporation which follows, diminishes the tem- 
 perature of the body surprisingly. Nothing is better 
 for this purpose than warm water, with ley added. 
 
 The Feet. — Every one knows that fevers are often oc- 
 casioned by the application of cold to the feet, which 
 drives the blood from the extremities and throws it upon 
 some organ, or retains such agents as ought to be elimi- 
 nated, in consequence of which fever takes place. Xow, 
 it must be evident that there is no better method of pre- 
 venting the consequences than by recalling the blood to 
 the feet and surface, thereby preventing and removing 
 fever, by bathing the feet in warm water, to which a 
 small quantity of ley has been added. I am persuaded 
 that bathing the feet immediately after exposure to wet 
 or cold, in nine cases out of ten, will prevent an attack 
 of fever, aided by drinking freely of warm catnip or 
 other tea, and then covering warm in bed. 
 
 Medicine. — All violent medicines are to be avoided in 
 fevers, such as antimony, mercury, or any other mineral 
 whatever; also, blood-letting. Nature attempts to do 
 her office placidly and quietly in these cases, and such 
 medicines violently disturb her motions, and often bring 
 on mischief, which she, if left entirely to herself, would 
 wholly avoid. 
 
 Rest and Quietude. — Lassitude or heaviness is generally 
 the consequence of a recent fever; and this symptom 
 evinces the propriety of keeping the patient easy, and, 
 if possible, in bed ; lying in bed relaxes the spasms, 
 abates the violence of the circulation, and gives nature 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 241 
 
 an opportunity of exerting her whole force to overcome 
 the disease. 
 
 The bed alone would often remove a fever in its early 
 stage. The patient is to be confined to his bed, where 
 unnecessary exertion is avoided, and the heat is equable 
 over the whole body. The bed-chamber is to be large, 
 and heated, when necessary, by fuel burning in an open 
 fire-place ; or cooled by sprinkling the floor with infu- 
 sions, vinegar, or distilled water of some of the aromatic 
 herbs. It is of the utmost importance that the patient 
 lay upon a straw bed or mattress, as a feather bed in- 
 creases the fever. 
 
 The Mind. — If the patient's spirits, in a fever, are low 
 and depressed, he should not only be supported, but every 
 method should be taken to cheer and comfort his mind, 
 by conversing on subjects that are pleasant and agree- 
 able, and cautiously avoiding every syllable that may 
 create uneasiness. Everything, indeed, that disturbs the 
 imagination promotes the disease. In fevers, every pa- 
 tient ought to be kept perfectly quiet, and not be per- 
 mitted to hear or see anything which might discompose 
 the mind. 
 
 Drinks. — We have already hinted at the propriety of 
 taking freely of diluted drinks, and this should by no 
 means be neglected. Such kinds may be given as are 
 pleasant and agreeable to the person, and such as are 
 calculated to keep up a moisture of the surface. Many 
 other kinds already used in domestic practice are very 
 good, both in this and other countries. Cold or cool 
 water may be taken at proper intervals and in proper 
 quantities, when the heat of the body is uniformly above 
 the natural standard, or when there is no chill or sensa- 
 tion of coldness. There has ever been a very popular 
 16 
 
242 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 prejudice against the use of cold water in fevers, which 
 ought to be put down. There are few articles in the 
 whole materia medica which exert such an immediate 
 and salutary effect in fevers as cold water ; but too great 
 a quantity should not be taken into the stomach at a 
 time, as it sometimes overloads it and causes mischief. 
 There are thousands of instances on record where nature 
 has pointed out the cure by creating in the mind of the 
 febrile patient an irresistible desire for draughts of cold 
 water, and, when drank, it has been followed by the hap- 
 piest effepts — by a remission of all the symptoms. Celsus 
 directs large draughts of the coldest water in ardent 
 fevers, and dwells with emphasis on the highly bene- 
 ficial consequences of it. " The patient," says he, " falls 
 into a sound sleep, the heat remits, and a free perspira- 
 tion ensues, though he had previously suffered much 
 from thirst, heat, and restlessness." 
 
 Vegetable acids are discarded by some as injurious, 
 but without foundation. They moderate thirst, allay 
 heat, and are very grateful and pleasant to the patient. 
 Nothing of the kind is better than lemonade, which 
 may be freely taken after the skin has become properly 
 relaxed, or perspiration takes place. Buttermilk mixed 
 with water, is a very nourishing and cooling drink. 
 
 General St. Clair, who was once a physician, was wont 
 to cure the scarlet fever by causing the patient to drink 
 several times each day of buttermilk, moderately acid, 
 and as much buttermilk whey as the patient could take. 
 This rarely, if ever, failed of cure. 
 
 Regimen. — The dictates of nature must be followed as 
 regards food or regimen in fevers ; though the patient 
 has the greatest inclination for drink, yet he seldom has 
 any appetite for solid food ; hence the absurdity of 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 243 
 
 urging him to take victuals. Much solid food in fever is 
 very injurious; it oppresses the stomach, and instead of 
 nourishing the patient, serves only to increase the disease. 
 The food that is taken must be vegetable, very light, and 
 easy of digestion. It should consist chiefly of panado, 
 thin gruel, roasted apples, etc. Ripe fruit of every kind 
 is excellent, such as apples, oranges, grapes, etc. 
 
 Cravings. — Particular attention should be paid to the 
 cravings of the patient. The} 7 are often the calls of na- 
 ture, and point out the remedy. They are not to be in- 
 dulged in everything that their capricious appetites may 
 desire ; but when any particular article is eagerly desired 
 it may be given, although it may seem not altogether 
 proper. 
 
 Convalescence. — Few are aware of the danger of a re- 
 lapse in fevers. The lives of thousands have been lost 
 for the want of proper care on recovering from a fever. 
 The stomach and body is extremely weak, and hence 
 will not bear much food or exercise, and in which con- 
 valescent persons are very liable to indulge. 
 
 Nursing. — In vain will the best medicines be given, 
 without a proper nurse or person to administer it, and to 
 attend faithfully to every duty of her office or business. 
 It is very seldom that we find a good nurse as profitable 
 and as important as the profession is. Some arc igno- 
 rant, some careless and inattentive. More depends upon 
 a good nurse than upon the physician. It is the duty of 
 the nurse to punctually administer the medicine pres- 
 cribed, according to the directions given, (except they 
 know it to be poison,) and not to cheat the practitioner 
 by throwing it in the fire, and then give their own nos- 
 trums or some others, and when interrogated respecting 
 it, dissemble and lie by affirming that it has been given. 
 
244 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 The practice is very reprehensible, no matter what 
 kind of practitioner attends the patient. Let the phy- 
 sician be discharged, or follow his prescriptions. It is 
 the duty of the nnrse to pay strict attention, also, to the 
 wants of the sick, to the medicine, drink, diet, etc.; that 
 they be given in right quantities and at a right time ; that 
 the clothes of the patient and his bed be often changed 
 and kept clean ; also, that everything offensive be imme- 
 diately removed. Let the room be kept well ventilated, 
 clean and quiet. It is not her duty to dictate and pre- 
 tend to know more than the person who prescribes, nor 
 to suffer a dozen gossips or women to associate together 
 and recommend new doctors, patent medicines, nostrums, 
 etc., or to make use of any language calculated to excite 
 distrust, unnecessary alarm or fear in the patient or 
 friends. Great mischief is often done by such a course 
 of couduct, and all classes of physicians suffer much by 
 it. Norses who are guilty of such deportment ought to 
 be admonished. 
 
 FEVER AXD AGUE — FREQUENTLY CALLED INTERMITTENT FEVER, 
 AND CHILLS AXD FEVER. 
 
 Description. — This disease is so well known, that it 
 seems of but little use to give a lengthy description, or 
 enter largely into the details of its history ; but as there 
 are many persons into whose hands this work may fall, 
 that are liable to be mistaken with regard to this disease, 
 and as my object is to enable my readers to take hold of 
 a disease in the commencement, and manage it them- 
 selves, thereby saving the expense of sending for a phys- 
 ician, I shall endeavor to be as plain and comprehen- 
 sive as possible. 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 245 
 
 The title of intermittent fever, or ague, or chills and 
 fever, is applied to that kind of fever which consists of a 
 succession of paroxysms or periods of fever, between 
 each of which there is a distinct and perfect intermis- 
 sion from febrile symptoms. Different names are applied 
 to this malady, as " every day ague," " every other day 
 ague," "third," "fourth," and even "every seventh day 
 ague. " In fever and ague, it is certain that the balance 
 of circulation is lost in the system. The blood recedes 
 from the surface of the body, and is thrown upon the 
 deep seated organs, and sometimes, when the disease has 
 not been properly treated or cured, irritation or conges- 
 tion may be the consequence, and so react upon the sys- 
 tem as to aggravate or continue it. 
 
 Every one ought to see at a glance what nature de- 
 mands in this disease. When we see the retreat of the 
 blood from the skin, and its accumulation upon the in- 
 ternal parts, we find a great coldness, showing the ab- 
 sence of blood. Now, our duty is to aid nature in 
 equalizing the balance of the blood, and this should be 
 done by equalizing the circulation. This purpose can 
 be accomplished by emetics, physic and tonics, and they 
 should possess a driving power so as to prevent a return 
 of the paroxysms. Fever and ague often prove obstinate 
 and frequently of long duration, in consequence of im- 
 proper management. This is frequently done by over- 
 powering tonics, without first putting the system in a 
 condition to receive and bear the effects of them ; and 
 the disease not unfrequently resists the common mode of 
 treatment, so as to become very distressing to the pa- 
 tient, and often lays the foundation for other chronic 
 complaints, more particularly dropsical swelling, and an 
 enlargement of the liver or spleen. 
 
246 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Causes. — I shall mention a few of the causes which 
 give rise to this complaint. Marsh miasma, or the effluvia 
 arising from stagnated water, or marshy ground, when 
 acted upon by heat, is the most frequent cause of fever 
 and ague. In such marshes, the putrefaction of vegeta- 
 ble and animal matter is always going forward, and 
 hence it has been generally conjectured that vegetable 
 or animal putrefaction imparted a peculiar quality to 
 the watery particles of the effluvia arising therefrom. 
 It has been ascertained that marsh miasma, when much 
 diluted with aqueous exhalation, (the vapor of water 
 effluvia, the vapor which arises from animal and vegeta- 
 ble bodies, marshes, the earth, etc.,) as in summer, when 
 an unusual quantity of rain has fallen, are nearly inert, 
 (i. e. still and quiet.) But when arising from stagnant 
 waters of a concentrated foulness, in consequence of great 
 drought and heat in the latter end of summer and the 
 early part of autumn, they act with great violence and 
 malignity. 
 
 Hence it is found that persons living in the most 
 healthy part of cities, and far from marshes, are some- 
 times subject to attacks from this disease. Febrile 
 miasma or effluvia may be wafted by currents of air to a 
 distance far exceeding what has generally been supposed 
 or admitted. I am thus specific in my statement as to 
 the cause of this disease, for as I have in view the health 
 of my readers, I desire to give them such information in 
 regard to this very prevalent disease, as will enable them 
 to understand the causes which have produced it, and 
 the effect which it has upon their health. I shall now 
 proceed to describe the symptoms which attend the com- 
 plaint, and I shall endeavor to be equally plain and com- 
 prehensive, so that no one will mistake my meaning ; 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 247 
 
 and if the directions which I shall give for the treatment 
 of this disease are strictly followed, yon will never fail to 
 effect a perfect cure. This treatment will not only break 
 the chills, but it will totally eradicate it from the system 
 and leave you in the enjoyment of good health. 
 
 Symjitoms. — This disease may be properly divided into 
 three stages, viz : the cold stage, the hot stage, and the 
 sweating stage. The cold stage is generally the first 
 symptom of fever and ague. It is accompanied with 
 pain in the head, loins, weariness of the limbs, as if the 
 patient had overdone himself with some extreme hard 
 labor, that he was not accustomed to work at. This 
 coldness extends to all the extremities. The patient is 
 attacked with yawning, stretching, weakness, sickness, 
 and sometimes vomiting, which are succeeded by shiver- 
 ing and violent shaking. The breathing is short, fre- 
 quent and anxious, when the patient is only chilly, and 
 this is followed by a high fever. 
 
 "What is termed intermittent fever, begins in the same 
 way, only there is more heart sickness experienced. 
 
 The Hot Stage. — After a longer or shorter continuance 
 of shivering or shaking, the heat of the body gradually 
 returns, irregularly at first, and by transient flushes; 
 soon, however, succeeded by a steady, dry and burning 
 heat. The skin, which was before constricted, now be- 
 comes swollen, tense and red, and is remarkably sensible 
 to the touch. Pains attack the head, and flying pains 
 are felt over various parts of the body ; the pulse is 
 quick, strong and hard, the tongue white, the thirst 
 great, and the urine is high colored. 
 
 The Sweating Stage. — A moisture is at length observed to 
 break out on the face and neck, which soon becomes 
 universal and uniform. The heat falls to its ordinary 
 
248 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 standard, the pulse diminishes in frequency, and becomes 
 full and free. The urine deposits a sediment, the bow- 
 els are no longer confined, the breathing is free and full. 
 After a specific interval, the paroxysm returns and per- 
 forms the same successive evolutions, generally once in 
 twenty-four or forty-eight hours. Frequently in this 
 disease, there is more or less delirium. 
 
 Treatment. — I have treated a great many cases of fever 
 and ague, both at the commencement of the disease, and 
 when it has been of months, and even years in its duration, 
 and in every case have succeeded in effecting a radical 
 cure, and where the patient submitted to treatment, I 
 have never experienced any trouble. When the patient 
 has been obstinate and refused to follow my directions, 
 I have had some difficulty, especially where the disease 
 was of long standing. Yet I have never failed to eradi- 
 cate the disease. 
 
 The easiest, surest and best way to cure intermittent 
 fever or fever and ague, is first to give an emetic, £N"o. 1,) 
 and if possible, it should be given just before the chill 
 comes on, so that the patient may be vomiting instead 
 of shaking, for it is not usual for any person to do both 
 at the same time. After the emetic has operated freely 
 three or four times, (if it should operate to severely, 
 its effects can be counteracted by the Anti-Emetic Drops,) 
 let the patient rest, and if he has any desire to eat, let 
 him partake of some toasted bread and tea, or what is 
 better, some nourishing chicken broth, properly prepared. 
 In about four or six hours afterward, give the Anti-Bil- 
 ious Pills, sufficient to produce a free operation. It is a 
 matter of some importance to know the habits of the 
 patient, and as soon as the physic commences operation, 
 let him drink all the gruel or broth he wishes, so that it 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 249 
 
 may assist in working off the physic. This (the physic) 
 should be repeated every three days, if necessary. The 
 patient should now commence using the Compound 
 Ague Tonic, while there is no fever. If the emetic has 
 failed to break the chill, (which is very seldom, if taken 
 in the commencement,) give another the next time after 
 the chill and fever are off, and give the Ague Powders. 
 This should be stopped before the time of the chill, and 
 a full potion of the Compound Tincture of Myrrh given, 
 and as soon as the fever is off, give the Compound Ague 
 Tonic. In time of the fever, give the Sudorific and Di- 
 aphoretic Powders alternately every two hours, and 
 bathe the head with soft water, vinegar, and some 
 salt added. I have found it necessary in very obstinate 
 cases, and particularly when they have been of long 
 standing, to repeat this operation twice, and in a few 
 cases, where the patients did not take proper care of 
 themselves, three times. But a failure of this treatment 
 is very rare, in cases where it is applied in the commence- 
 ment of a disease. The diet should be light and nour- 
 ishing — broths made of fresh beef, mutton, squirrels, 
 chickens, etc. A little of the meat eaten after the fever 
 will not be objectionable, but particular care should be 
 taken not to eat too much at a time. The safest rule 
 is, always quit while you are a little hungry. If able, 
 take moderate exercise in the open air, when the wea- 
 ther is favorable. Be careful not to expose yourself to 
 the hot sun or night air, or damp air of any kind. There 
 is more danger to be apprehended from too much eating 
 than from moderate exercise. 
 
 I very seldom give the Ague Powder if the patient 
 submits to my course of treatment, and this course, if 
 implicitly followed, will never fail to effect a cure, and 
 
250 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 leave the patient cheerful, vigorous, and in the full en- 
 joyment of health. It matters not what climate or lati- 
 tude the disease may be located, or of what length of 
 time it has been standing, the result of this treatment 
 will be the same, except where it has run the patient 
 into the last stages of consumption or dropsy. 
 
 I have been thus particular in this disease, because so 
 few persons who have been attacked with it are ever re- 
 stored to their former health. The receipts which I have 
 given in this disease are invaluable to any one who may 
 be living in a locality affected by this disease, or who 
 are otherwise exposed to it. Under the head of Eeceipts, 
 I shall give a number of different Ague Tonics, for it is 
 frequently necessary to make a change of remedies in 
 order to suit the patient. In some cases you will find it 
 impossible to give the tonic, then you should use the 
 powders until the chills are broken, and after that is ac- 
 complished, give some of the restoratives or bitters. 
 
 REMITTENT FEVER. 
 
 A remittent is that kind of a fever which abates but 
 does not go off entirely before a fresh attack ensues, 01 , 
 in other words, where one proxysm succeeds the other 
 so quickly that the patient is never without some degree 
 of fever. 
 
 Causes. — This fever, as well as the intermittent, is 
 principally induced by the effluvia of stagnant water 
 and marshy grounds, and is most apt to arise when calm, 
 close, and sultry weather quickly succeeds heavy rains 
 or great inundations. 
 
 Symptoms. — Preceding an attack of remittent fever, 
 the patient is usually heavy and languid, and is troubled 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 251 
 
 with anxiety, listlessness, sighing, yawning, and alternate 
 fits of heat and cold. On its accession he experiences 
 severe pains in the head and back, intense heat over the 
 whole body, with thirst and difficulty of breathing. 
 
 This fever is most favorable when it approaches in 
 form nearly to an intermittent or inflammatory. If in 
 symptoms it corresponds with nervous or typhus fevers, 
 the danger is to be estimated as in those fevers. In this, 
 as well as all other fevers, first cleanse the stomach and 
 bowels, and the surest way is by an emetic and physic. 
 At the same time there should be paid strict attention 
 to cleanliness, and wash, the patient with saleratus water 
 or weak ley, and the clothes of the patient should be 
 changed once a day. Let the drink be red-pepper tea, 
 not too strong, taken with milk, well sweetened. Try 
 and produce a moisture of the skin at least once in 
 twenty-four hours. This can be done by giving the 
 diaphoretic powders, in doses of a small teaspoonful, ten 
 grains, in catnip or any other herb tea, taken every four 
 hours, between each dose. There should be taken a tea- 
 spoonful of sudorific drops in the same kind of tea, or 
 water, if the patient prefers it. The emetic and physic 
 should be repeated as often as twice a week. The com- 
 pound Mandrake physic is the best that can be given in 
 this disease. Keep the feet warm by filling a jug with 
 hot water and applying it to them. If the head is heated, 
 bathe with my All-Healing Liniment ; if that can not 
 be got, bathe with cold water and vinegar, by adding a 
 little salt to it. Let the patient drink what water he 
 wants, and the diet should be light and nourishing. I 
 have always found the above treatment efficacious. I 
 have given this prescription, as I want my family to fol- 
 low it, and all others if they choose. 
 
252 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 This fever generally attacks persons of weak, lax fibres ; 
 those who lead a sedentary life, and neglect proper exer- 
 cise ; those who study much, and those who indulge freely 
 in enervating liquors. Owing to the relaxed habits of 
 those who reside in warm climates, this type of fever 
 frequently occurs, and all other continued fevers are apt 
 to degenerate into this, or malignant typhus. This fever 
 may be induced by whatever impoverishes the blood, 
 debilitates the general system, or depresses the mind ; but 
 the most general cause is contagion. 
 
 Symptoms. — This fever generally comes on with a re- 
 markable mildness in all its symptoms, and although the 
 patient experiences some trifling indisposition for several 
 days, still he has no reason to suspect the approach of 
 any severe disease. At first there is only a slight chilli- 
 ness perceived, succeeded by an unusually pale and 
 sunken face. The patient perceives, however, some de- 
 gree of lassitude and debility, with anxiety, dejection of 
 spirits, sighing, and a loathing of food, and towards 
 evening these affections are increased. 
 
 In the course of a few days, and as the disease advances, 
 there arises confusion of thought, giddiness, pain in 
 the head, aching pain in the back, limbs, and filing o^er 
 the whole body; nausea and vomiting, short, anxious 
 breathing, pulse weak, quick, and often intermitting. 
 The tongue becomes dry, and is covered with a dark 
 brown fur, countenance flushed, urine scanty, high color- 
 ed, and foetid, cold, clammy sweats break out on the 
 forehead and back of the hands, while the palms glow 
 with heat, profuse diarrhoea, lethargic sleep, involuntary 
 evacuations, cold extremities, convulsions, death. 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 253 
 
 Such is usually the progress of the disease. Some- 
 times, however, the patient gradually, almost impercepti- 
 bly, sinks — no threatening symptoms, anxiety, pain, or 
 distress. Yet in such cases, the arteries are seen to 
 tremble or throb under the chin, and a dark rose or 
 pioney-colored spot appears on one of the cheeks, while 
 the limbs are apt to be cold. 
 
 Treatment. — In this, as in all other fevers, an emetic 
 and cathartic should begin the treatment. It does ap- 
 pear that, in this disease, bleeding and calomel are the 
 most injurious, for they effectually prostrate the whole sys- 
 tem. I would advise that ]N~o. 1 emetic be given, and 
 after it has operated, say six hours, administer the Man- 
 drake physic. This cleanses the stomach, and carries off 
 the feculent matter, and to insure and keep up a regular 
 alvine of evacuation in a further course of the disease, 
 it will be proper to repeat this from time to time, 
 particularly the physic. Strict attention should be paid 
 to cleanlines, and to change the clothes and bed clothes 
 often. Sponge or wash the body all over once or oftener 
 every twenty-four hours, with warm water, to which may 
 be added saleratus or weak ley, to make it slippery. 
 This should be strictly attended to. Strict attention 
 should be paid to try and produce a moisture of the skin 
 at least once every twenty-four hours. This can be done 
 by giving sudorific drops, and diaphoretic powders, al- 
 ternately, every two hours, till a free perspiration is pro- 
 duced. 
 
 Let the patient at the same time drink freely of tea 
 made of red-pepper, to which may be added a little milk 
 and sugar. After a moisture has been produced, a tonic 
 should be given to keep up the strength ; for this take 
 flour, sulphur, Peruvian or willow bark, wild cherry, and 
 
254 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 rhubarb, all pulverized, of equal parts. Of these powd- 
 ers give a teaspoonful twice or three times a day in sweet 
 milk, broths, syrups, or anything that the patient can 
 take it in. This should be attended to throughout 
 the whole course of the disease. The patient should be 
 kept perfectly quiet, and none but those whose business 
 it is to attend on them ought to go near them, except the 
 symptoms are very mild, with little or no affection of the 
 head. In such cases, the presence of a friend may soothe 
 the mind and help to dispel gloomy thoughts. The 
 chamber should be kept freely ventilated and cool, and 
 the bed be lightly covered with clothes. The patient 
 should be comforted with the hope of a speedy recovery, 
 and his thoughts be diverted from that anxiety and dread 
 of danger which invariably attends the- disease. 
 
 After the fever has gone off and the patient has some- 
 what regained his strength, he may take daily exercise 
 on horseback, or in a carriage ; and in order to remove 
 the irritability and weakness which are left behind, he 
 should enter on a course of the alterative or the purify- 
 ing syrup. In all nervous or typhus fevers, after the fe- 
 ver is broke, there is no medicine better calculated to 
 arouse and restore that lost energy of the system, than 
 my All-Healing Liniment, given in doses from a half to 
 a teaspoonful, in milk or water, well sweetened, every 
 two, three, or four hours, as the case may be, and use the 
 purifying syrup as directed in the receipt, till the sys- 
 tem is entirely restored again to its full vigor and strength, 
 which this medicine is certain to do, if attention be paid 
 to the bowels. 
 
 TYPHUS FEVER. • 
 
 This fever is called malignant, putrid, spotted, and 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 255 
 
 jail fever, and takes its name from the malignancy of its 
 nature, and the evident symptoms of putrefaction which 
 are to be observed after a continuance of some days. 
 
 Symptoms. — The attack is much more sudden than that 
 of nervous fever, and on its first coming on, the person 
 is seized with languor, dejection of spirits, amazing de- 
 pression and loss of muscular strength, universal weari- 
 ness and soreness, pains in the head, back, and extremi- 
 ties, ringing in the ears, throbbing in the temples, beating 
 of the arteries visible in the neck. Sometimes a great 
 heat, load, arid pain are felt at the pit of the stomach, 
 and a vomiting of bilious matter ensues. As the disease 
 advances, the patient experiences oppression at the breast, 
 anxiety, sighing, and moaning ; the pulse is increased in 
 frequency, great debility, heat, and dryness of skin. The 
 tongue, mouth, lips and teeth are covered with a brown 
 or black fur, the patient mutters much, and delirium arises. 
 Bleeding takes place from different parts of the body ; 
 red, blue, purple, or black spots, appear under the skin, 
 the pulse intermits and sinks, the extremities grow cold, 
 hiccups ensue, convulsions and death close the scene. 
 
 So soon as any of the symptoms of this fever are per- 
 ceived, they should be immediately attended to in order to 
 prevent any bad consequences from ensuing, as they will 
 never go off of themselves, but will continue to increase 
 until a disease of a most dangerous nature takes place. 
 The most proper remedy at first will be an emetic, and 
 the cleansing of the stomach is not the only good effect 
 to be expected from this remedy, but while it cleanses 
 the stomach it acts upon the skin. After this operation 
 is over, the bowels may be opened with Mandrake physic, 
 and the same treatment throughout the whole disease, as 
 the one prescribed or recommended far the nervous typhus 
 fever. 
 
256 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Above all things, do not neglect bathing and cleanli- 
 ness. Strict attention shonld be paid to the stomach, 
 bowels, and skin, which are the most important points 
 in all diseases. 
 
 YELLOW FEVER. 
 
 This fever generally comes on with lassitude and weari- 
 ness, chilly fits, listlessness of everything around, faint- 
 ness, giddiness, flushing of the face, redness of the eyes, 
 pains in the eye-balls and lower part of the forehead, as 
 likewise in the back, debility and sighing, thirst, the 
 perspiration is irregular, interrupted, and diminished ; the 
 urine is highly colored, small in quantity, and turbid ; the 
 saliva is viscid, the tongue is covered with a dark fur, 
 the bile is secreted in unusual quantities, and thrown 
 into the stomach, from which it is again speedily ejected ; 
 and the skin is hot, dry, and hard ; the eyes, face, and 
 breast put on a deep yellow tinge, a peculiar delirium 
 arises, the sweats are of a yellow color and highly of- 
 fensive, livid spots appear in the skin, the patient, in an 
 agony, throws out and draws back his extremities in 
 violent succession; black, foetid stools are discharged, 
 hiccup, pulse sinks, and death ensues. 
 
 Such are the usual appearances, yet so irregular and 
 varied in this disease, that the most eminent physicians 
 consider it only as a remittent fever, deranged as to its 
 form, by appearing in subjects unaccustomed to hot 
 climates, so that if all would stay in their native climate 
 the disease would disappear. The causes of this fever 
 are, exposure to noxious exhalation from swamps, rivers, 
 lakes, ponds and marshes, or the filth of cities and towns, 
 accumulated under a burning sun. The poison is assist- 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 257 
 
 ed by an irregular life, intemperance, exhaustion of the 
 system, from whatever cause. 
 
 Affusion and sponging the body with cold water, when 
 the heat of the system is steadily above the natural 
 temperature, may be applied early in the disease. After 
 the bowels have been loosened by some mild purgative, 
 when malignant symptoms threaten, the Peruvian bark 
 may be used in substance or decoction, as best suits the 
 stomach. The bark should be continued till health is 
 completely restored. Great care should be taken to 
 support the strength of the patient throughout the dis- 
 ease with preparations of barley, sago, Indian arrow- 
 root, etc., mixed with wine. 
 
 The same attention should be paid as in typhus fever 
 to cleanliness, changing of the clothes and bed clothes 
 often, and wash the body often in order to prevent any 
 disagreeable smell about the patient or his room. The 
 room should be well ventilated. The treatment of this 
 disease should be the same as in typhus fever, inasmuch 
 as it is a type of that character, except the physic. The 
 best physic for this fever is Mandrake, Bowman root, 
 equal parts. A dose of these powders is a teaspoon ful, 
 mixed with a little hot water, and sweetened, taken every 
 three hours till it operates. This will remove the black, 
 tary, morbjd matter from the intestines ; otherwise, persue 
 as in typhus fever, except instead of the pepper tea, give 
 garden benedictus, (blessed thistle.) Make a free use of 
 this as a drink, and as in all other fevers, pay strict at- 
 tention to cleanliness and washing of the body. 
 
 scarlet fever. — (Scarlatina.) 
 
 Description. — The scarlet fever is so denominated from 
 the scarlet color and eruptions which appear on the body. 
 
258 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 It occurs at all seasons of the year, but generally in the fall 
 or beginning of winter. It often seizes whole families, but 
 children and young persons are more subject to it. It is 
 divided into three principal kinds. Simple scarlatina, 
 when the throat is not affected; scarlatina anginosa, 
 when the throat is affected ; when accompanied with 
 symptoms of putrescency and malignancy, it is called 
 scarlatina maligna. The latter two kinds are generally 
 blended together. There has been a dispute whether 
 the scarlet fever and malignant sore throat are the same 
 disease, or only a variety of the same. " It is now pretty 
 generally admitted," says a writer, " that the scarlet fever, 
 in all its forms, as well as putrid sore throat, (cynanche 
 maligna,) is produced by the same specific contagion." 
 
 Causes. — Scarlet fever arises from a specific contagious 
 effluvia. 
 
 Symptoms. — The scarlet fever commences with a chill 
 and shivering, like other kinds of fevers, with nausea 
 and often vomiting, great sickness, succeeded by heat, 
 thirst and headache ; sometimes in a very mild degree, 
 at others more violent. The pulse is accelerated, the 
 breathing is frequent or interrupted, the eyes red and the 
 eyelids swollen. In two or three days the flesh begins 
 to swell, a prickling sensation is experienced, and an 
 eruption appears on the body in the form of a red stain 
 or blotch, or rather a fiery redness. It usually appears 
 first upon the face, breast and arms, then over the whole 
 body, of a uniform red color. In about three days a 
 gentle perspiration takes place; the effervescence or 
 eruptions disappear ; the cuticle peels off, and there re- 
 mains a kind of branny scales, dispersed over the whole 
 body, which sometimes reappear two or three times. 
 The scarlet fever may be distinguished from the measles 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 259 
 
 by the eruptions of the former {scarlatina) being more 
 of a fiery redness, and diffused over the whole body, and 
 not as in measles, in distinct spots ; nor is it accompanied 
 with any cough, or a weeping or watering of the eyes ; 
 and the efflorescence of the measles does not appear till 
 about two days later than scarlet fever. Where the dis- 
 ease appears in the simplest form, there is little required 
 from art ; a simple course of treatment soon removes it. 
 
 Scarlatina Anginosa — Affecting the Throat. — Scarlatina 
 anginosa, in several instances, approaches very near to 
 the malignant form. The patient is seized not only with 
 a coldness and shivering, but likewise with great languor, 
 debility and sickness, succeeded by heat, nausea and 
 vomiting of bilious matter ; soreness of throat, inflam- 
 mation and ulceration in the tonsils, etc.; a frequent 
 ftnd laborious breathing, and a quick, small depressed 
 pulse. "When the efflorescence appears, which is usually 
 on the third day, it brings no relief; on the contrary, 
 the symptoms are much aggravated, and fresh ones 
 arise. 
 
 In the progress of the disease, one universal redness, 
 unattended, however, by any pustular eruption, pervades 
 the face, body and limbs, which parts appear somewhat 
 swollen. The eyes and nostrils partake likewise more 
 or less of the redness, and in proportion as the former 
 have an inflamed appearance, so does the tendency to 
 delirium prevail. 
 
 On the first attack the throat and mouth are often much 
 inflamed ; but this is usually soon succeeded by grayish 
 sloughs, which give the parts a speckled appearance, and 
 render the breath more or less foetid. The patient is 
 often cut off in a few days, and even if he recovers, it 
 will be by slow degrees ; dropsical swelling, or tumors of 
 
260 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the parotid or other glands, slowly suppurating, being 
 very apt to follow. 
 
 " The patient," says an author, " complains of a stiff- 
 ness in the neck, with acute pain in the back of the 
 head. The throat is sore and inflamed, exhibiting a 
 shining redness of a deeper color than in common in- 
 flammatory sore throat, and interspersed with pale or ash- 
 colored spots. In many cases the affection of the throat 
 is among the first symptoms ; a dark red line extending 
 along the curtain and lower part of the uvala. The 
 breath is highly offensive, the tongue is covered with a 
 yellow mucus, or thick, brown fur, and the inside of the 
 lips is beset with vesicles containing an acid matter, 
 which excoriates the corners of the mouth and other 
 parts. In the progress of the disease, the inside of the 
 nose becomes red and inflamed, and a thin, acid matter 
 issues from the nostrils, which corrodes the skin wher- 
 ever applied. 
 
 Scarlatina Maligna — {Malignant Species.) — " This, " says 
 Dr. Thatcher, " is the cynanche maligna of Cullen, the 
 ulcerated or putrid sore throat of Huxham and other 
 authors. This form of the disease has several symptoms 
 in common with scarlatina anginosa. It comes on with 
 rigours, dejection of spirits, pain in the head and back, 
 giddiness, vomiting and much general oppression. The 
 eruption comes out in blotches or small points scattered 
 over the body and extremities, of a dark, purplish or 
 livid hue. The fever is intense and progresses with ra- 
 pidity, but manifesting an augmentation in the evening 
 and a slight remission in the morning. The pulse is 
 small, indistinct and irregular. There is a very great de- 
 termination of blood to the brain, producing redness of 
 the eyes, intolerance of light, throbbing pain of the 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 
 
 261 
 
 head, and delirium or lethargy. The whole neck some- 
 times swells and assumes a dark red color. It sometimes 
 happens that the malignant kind appears without 
 any affection or efflorescence of the skin, as scar- 
 let fever in some cases presents itself without any ulcer- 
 ation of the throat. As the sloughs about the mouth 
 spread, they generally become of a darker color; the 
 whole internal mouth and throat are at length covered 
 with thick sloughs, which, when they fall off, discover 
 ulcers very deeply seated, and the parts quite black, and 
 the sloughs often extend throughout the whole of the 
 intestines. The eruption sometimes suddenly recedes, 
 an alarming train of symptoms ensue, as also when the 
 eruption assumes a very pale and livid appearance. The 
 symptoms called putrid and malignant are now conspicu- 
 ous ; a dissolved state of the blood is now indicated by 
 inky vessels, oozing of black gore from the nostrils, gan- 
 grenous appearances of the throat, spots upon the skin, 
 and hemorrhage from various parts of the body. This 
 kind generally arrives at its height about the fifth or 
 sixth day, but in some fatal cases, the scene closes as 
 early as the third day. 
 
 " The inflammation on some occasions affects the eus- 
 tachian tube, producing ulceration in the internal ear, 
 and often extending to the glands of the mouth, which 
 become swelled and painful. The malignant or putrid 
 sore throat may be distinguished from the inflammatory, 
 by the looseness and vomiting, the puffy and dark col- 
 ored redness attending the swelling, and by the foetid ul- 
 cers of the throat, covered with white or ash-colored 
 slough. It may also be distinguished by the slight de- 
 lirium appearing early in the disease, and by the sudden 
 weakness by which the patient is seized." 
 
262 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Treatment — Indications of Cure. — From the appearance 
 of the eruptions on the skin soon after the commence- 
 ment of the disease, it is very evident that this fever is 
 produced by some morbific matter taken into the circu- 
 lation through the medium of the lungs, and that the 
 increased action in the system is a healthy effort of na- 
 ture to throw off such humorous or morbific matter ; it 
 is, therefore, our duty to aid nature in her salutary ef- 
 forts. If unable to expel to the surface the irritating 
 cause from the system, she must be assisted by sudorific 
 or sweating medicines. If her struggles are too great, 
 by which too much inflammation is produced, she must 
 then be restrained or moderated. 
 
 Emetics. — Emetics will be found very useful in the com- 
 mencement of the fever ; none will have a better effect 
 than pulverized ipecac and lobelia, given in suitable 
 doses, according to the age of the patient. It is not al- 
 ways necessary, however, to give them ; but if there is 
 soreness of the throat and an accumulation of mucus, 
 impeding respiration, a mild emetic will have a bene- 
 ficial effect. When given in the forming stage of the 
 disease, or at a very early period, they abate the febrile 
 symptoms, and render the subsequent effects of the fever 
 less violent, and in some cases cure the disease, or render 
 it extremely light. "Withering recommends them through- 
 out the whole course of the fever ; but the best effects 
 arise from their use in the early stages of it. One great 
 effect derived from emetics in febrile diseases, is the 
 sympathetic action they exert upon the capillary system. 
 The connection which exists between the stomach and 
 skin is so great, that if a healthy action is exerted upon 
 one, the other experiences a corresponding good effect ; 
 they appear to overcome that tension and stricture which 
 exist in the pores of the skin, by their stimulating effects. 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 263 
 
 Purgatives. — Purgatives, in this fever as well as others, 
 are highly useful. Hamilton, on purgative medicines, 
 speaks of their utility in scarlet fever in the highest 
 terms ; they moderate arterial action, relieve the pain in 
 the head, prevent delirium, and remove the morbid state 
 of the liver, stomach, and the whole alimentary canal. 
 It must be borne in mind, however, that there is a great 
 difference in purgatives ; some pass through the stomach 
 and bowels without carrying away or removing any fe- 
 culent matter, or altering the condition of the mucus 
 membrane. In general, castor oil and salts may be men- 
 tioned among this class of purgatives ; no kind will be 
 found so useful as the common purgative, or mandrake ; 
 a teaspoonful of this powder to be put in a teacup or 
 tumbler, with a lump of sugar sufficient to sweeten, then 
 add a gill of boiling water or mint tea ; an adult will 
 take the whole of it when cool ; but it must be recol- 
 lected that children, among whom scarlatina more gen- 
 erally prevails, must take a dose proportioned to their 
 age. This thoroughly cleanses the stomach and bowels, 
 and invariably benefits the patient ; it may be repeated 
 every other morning, or at farthest, every third morning. 
 
 Sudorifics. — Since the mischief exists in the capillary 
 vessels or the skin, the exhalents not performing their 
 offices, such medicines must be given as will open the 
 pores and cause perspiration. In this state of the sys- 
 tem, there are two difficulties : First, obstructed perspi- 
 ration, by which the poison is retained in the system ; 
 and, second, the want of perspirable matter, by which 
 the process of* evaporation is carried on, keeping the skin 
 moist and cool. Hence it is necessary to give sudorifics 
 to promote the excretions of the skin. 
 
 In the first stage of scarlet fever, the feet must be 
 
264 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 bathed, and an infusion or tea of saffron freely given ; also, 
 a teaspoonful of the Diaphoretic Powders, with, a tumbler 
 of catnip tea, to be repeated occasionally until moder- 
 ate perspiration follows. The same dose may afterwards 
 be given to keep up a determination to the surface, ex- 
 cept the temperature of the body is too great to admit 
 of this stimulating diaphorectic medicine, which is very 
 seldom the case, especially if every other excretion of 
 the body has been duly attended to. Should this be 
 the case, however, we must rely on those medicines 
 which produce perspiration without increasing the heat 
 of the body. 
 
 In case the throat should become very swollen, a poul- 
 tice made from the bark of the root of sumach should 
 be applied, which will be found highly beneficial. How- 
 ever, before applying the poultice, first bathe the throat 
 thoroughly with the compound tincture of myrrh, or my 
 All-Healing Liniment, which is preferable, if it can be 
 had. Also, gurgle the throat with the compound tincture 
 of myrrh, two or three times a day, and let a small 
 quantity be swallowed each time. If the myrrh is used 
 in the commencement of the disease, there will be no 
 necessity of using the poultice. 
 
 hectic fever. — (Febris Hectica.) 
 
 Hectic fever, says Dr. Beach, is generally characterized 
 by a frequent, weak pulse, flushing in the face, the hands 
 or the feet, night sweats or diarrhoea. A wound or local 
 injury upon a healthy person, produces a fever that may 
 properly be termed symptomatic or sympathetic. 
 
 Causes. — The cause of hectic fever is almost always 
 some local disease. This form of fever appears to be a 
 
FEBRILE DISEASES. 265 
 
 feeble and hopeless struggle of the system about to be 
 overpowered, without any apparent tendency to remove 
 the disease. It arises from long continued irritation of 
 any severe local disease upon the constitution, whether 
 accompanied with suppuration or not. It arises from the 
 absorption of pus or matter from the tubercles on the 
 lungs, diseased hipjoints, white swelling, curvature of 
 the spine, scrofula, abscesses, ulcers, etc. 
 
 Symptoms. — Hectic fever arises at different periods af- 
 ter the commencement of any serious local disease. This 
 may be owing to some peculiarity of the constitution, or 
 the particular structure or functions of the part diseased. 
 The more weak and feeble the patient naturally is, and 
 the more severe and incurable the local disease, the soon- 
 er does the hectic symptoms generally begin, and the 
 more rapid is their progress. Sometimes the first acces- 
 sions of this fever are almost imperceptible, a very slight 
 degree of emaciation, the pulse a little quicker than ordi- 
 narily, with a trivial increase of heat, particularly after 
 meals, being the only early symptoms. As the fever be- 
 comes more established, the symptoms generally run as 
 follows : A frequent, small pulse, quickens toward eve- 
 ning, but is always ten or twenty strokes in a minute 
 faster than in health; moist skin, pale, copious urine, 
 with sediment, a good deal of debility, the tongue seldom 
 so much furred as in most other fevers, its edges being 
 of a bright red color, and the papillae swollen and prom- 
 inent, florid, circumscribed suffusion of the cheeks, loss 
 of appetite, sometimes an ejection of all food from the 
 stomach, a great readiness to be thrown into sweats, 
 profuse nocturnal perspirations, frequently a constitu- 
 tional purging, repeated chills and flushes of heat, de- 
 rangement of the nervous system, loss of sleep, indi- 
 
266 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 gestion, heart-burn, flatulence. When, however, the 
 biliary system is undisturbed, the digestive powers are 
 little impaired, and the appetite remains good to the last. 
 In an advanced stage the hair falls off and the nails be- 
 come bent. 
 
 Hectic fever is more or less remittent, but never wholly 
 intermittent. It is observed that the frequency of the 
 pulse is generally from 100 to 140 in a minute, seldom 
 falling below 100 even in the time of a remission, and 
 in some cases never being under 120, while in other con- 
 stitutions the pulse of health may be so low that 90 
 strokes in a minute would be enough to indicate an 
 exacerbation. 
 
 Treatment. — In the cure of hectic fever, attention must 
 first be directed to the exciting cause of the disease be- 
 fore it can be removed. If it arises from absorption of 
 matter in consequence of an ulcer, how can it be cured 
 while the primary affection exists ? As soon as the dis- 
 ease is relieved or cured, which produces the febrile 
 disturbance, the fever will cease. But when the local 
 disease which causes it cannot be cured, it must of 
 course be mitigated, which in almost every instance can 
 be effected. Under such circumstances, the hectic fever 
 must be treated on general principles. The bowels must 
 be regulated by a laxative medicine (equal parts of char- 
 coal and magnesia are excellent, given daily,) and upon 
 every accession of the fever the surface must be bathed 
 with tepid ley water. 
 
 Attention must be paid to the debility which almost 
 invariably exists, and it must be borne in mind that this 
 debility arises in consequence of the night sweats which 
 attend this form of fever, caused by a relaxation of the 
 capillary vessels. They may be checked in almost every 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE EAR. 267 
 
 instance by administering fifteen or twenty drops of elixir 
 of vitriol, in a gill of water or tea of any kind, once or 
 twice a day. At night is the most suitable time to give 
 them. During the day give an infusion or tea of the 
 blessed thistle, to be taken cool. This drink may be 
 changed, and an infusion of the Virginia snake-root may 
 be taken. It acts both as a diaphoretic and tonic. 
 Everything of a stimulating nature should be avoided, 
 but a nutritious diet may be taken. Equal parts of 
 cloves, nutmeg, cinnamon, pulverized and mixed, and 
 put in wine, one ounce to one quart ; dose, half a wine 
 glass, two or three times a day. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE EAR. — (Otitis.) 
 
 Description. — This is an inflammation of the mem- 
 branes weft furnished with nerves, which are spread upon 
 the internal surface of the ear. 
 
 Causes. — An inflammation of the ear is usually brought 
 on by exposing the ear to a partial current of air. It 
 may arise from cutting the hair of the head very short, 
 particularly in the winter, or any exposure. 
 
 Symptoms. — When the ear is inflamed the pain is very 
 acute, attended with more or less fever, and sometimes 
 delirium. Swelling and redness are often perceived ex- 
 ternally, attended with throbbing ; suppuration occasion- 
 ally takes place, when a copious discharge of matter fol- 
 lows. This discharge will sometimes continue for years, 
 in which case inject with a syringe, soap-suds a decoc- 
 tion of white oak, and introduce the Armenian Oil. 
 
 Treatment. — If the pain be very severe, take hops, a 
 suitable quantity, vinegar and water, equal parts, simmer 
 till the strength is extracted, enclose the hops in linen 
 
268 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 or flannel, and apply them over the ear ; first drop a few 
 drops of the All-Healing Liniment in the ear. Repeat the 
 same until the pain subsides. Let the feet be bathed in 
 warm water. Should the Liniment be uncomatable, 
 take oil of sassafras, half an ounce, olive or sweet oil, 
 one ounce, camphor, one drachm, mix. "Warm this lini- 
 ment and pour a small quantity on a fladget of cotton, 
 and bind over the ear. Provided the pain still continues, 
 drop it in the ear. 
 
 Also, laudanum, juice of roasted onions, equal parts, 
 may be used with beneficial results. If the above fails, 
 give anodyne ; perspiration may be promoted and a pur- 
 gative given. The sap of walnut or hickory wood is 
 said to be an infallible remedy for pain in the ear, and 
 is highly recommended for deafness. 
 
 Take a small stick, put it over the fire or stove, and 
 place a vessel under each end to receive the sap; put it 
 in the ear on cotton, and repeat occasionally. An elderly 
 person states that he obtained it among the Indians, and 
 has known it to succeed in numerous cases. This treat- 
 ment will almost invariably remove the pain and inflam- 
 mation of the ear. The complaint more generally attacks 
 children, but adults are subject to it. It sometimes be- 
 comes somewhat chronic in its character, and is very 
 protracted. When this is the case, if the means pre- 
 scribed above should not be sufficient to remove it, apply 
 a mustard plaster behind the ear and also to the bottom 
 of the feet, particularly at night. 
 
 My course of treating this complaint is very simple 
 and easy, and has never failed in a single instance. 
 Bathe the feet in warm water for about ten minutes, and 
 drop about three or four drops of my All-Healing Lini- 
 ment in the ear, and bathe all around the ear effectually 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. 269 
 
 with the same, and tie a flannel over the head, and it 
 will never fail performing a cure. 
 
 Prevention. — Great care is necessary in screening the 
 head from cold or currents of air. The head should be 
 covered, particularly at night, and a fladget of cotton or 
 wool applied to the ear. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. — (Phrenitis.) 
 
 Description. — Phrenitis, says Dr. Beach, is an inflamma- 
 tion of the membranes, or brain itself. When it occurs 
 independent of any other disease, it is termed primary. 
 It is called symptomatic when it is produced by some 
 other disease, as fevers, eruptions, etc. 
 
 Causes — Proximate Cause. — Whatever causes a deter- 
 mination of blood to the head, produces an inflammation 
 of the brain or membranes. Hence we find that in this 
 complaint the blood recedes from the extremities, there- 
 by produciug coldness, and flows in an unusual quantity 
 to the Jiead, in consequence of which there is heat, in- 
 flammation, etc. 
 
 Remote Causes. — The remote causes are, fits of passion, 
 intense application of the mind, great exercise, external 
 violence of any kind, fractures or injuries of the head, 
 intemperance, exposure to great heat of the sun, and 
 suppressed evacuations. Animal food, ardent spirits, etc., 
 are exciting causes of this disease. Symptomatic phrenitis 
 is produced by the repulsion of febrile and cutaneous 
 diseases. 
 
 Symptoms. — Inflammation of the brain exhibits the 
 following symptoms : It usually commences with inflam- 
 matory fever, flushed countenance, redness of the eyes, 
 intolerance of light and sound, headache, watchfulness, 
 
270 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 and delirium. The patient experiences a fullness of the 
 head, which is usually attended with a throbbing of the 
 temporal arteries. The patient becomes restless, his 
 sleep is disturbed, or wholly forsakes him. There is a 
 peculiar disposition in the patient to injure or destroy 
 himself, which he often accomplishes if he obtain a proper 
 instrument. It is often preceded by great pain in the 
 stomach, which no doubt is produced by sympathy of 
 the brain. Sometimes fierce delirium does not commence 
 within several days after the attack. The pain is some- 
 times in other parts of the head. The hearing is acute, 
 sometimes the reverse. There is usually preternatural 
 heat, while the extremities, particularly the feet, are 
 cold, showing evidently a determination of blood to the 
 head. The patient talks incoherently, and delirium 
 gradually increases, till he arrives at a state of complete 
 frensy. The complaint sometimes, though rarely, in- 
 termits. Respiration is generally deep and slow, and 
 now and then difficult, seldom hurried or frequent. 
 The patient imagines that some person or evil spirits are 
 constantly pursuing him to take his life, from whom he 
 starts with horror, and no argument or assertion can in- 
 duce him to believe the contrary. Sometimes there is a 
 discharge of mucus from the nose, occasionally blood. 
 It is usually attended with a tremor of the joints, grind- 
 ing of the teeth, twitching of the muscles of the face, 
 which is often florid, then suddenly turning pale, with a 
 general derangement of the internal functions and whole 
 system. The length or duration of this disease is very 
 uncertain, as it may prove fatal in a week ; at other times 
 it continues for months. 
 
 Treatment — Indications of Cure. — The indication of 
 cure is, to divert the blood from the brain by restoring 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE BRAIN. 271 
 
 the circulation in the extremities; in other words, by 
 equalizing the circulation. 
 
 Treatment. — Bathe the feet in warm water, to which 
 has been added a little pearl-ash or ley. Let this be re- 
 peated at least twice in twenty-four hours. 
 
 Purgatives. — Administer a purgative every morning, or 
 every other morning ; that kind which acts with peculiar 
 force upon the stomach and first passages. Nothing will 
 be found better than our common physic, to be given as 
 before directed. If the inflammation is very great, ap- 
 ply mustard to the nape of the neck. It will be neces- 
 sary also to keep up a determination to the surface, by 
 giving a dose of our fever or sweating drops. 
 
 Rubefacients. — Should not this treatment mitigate the 
 symptoms after a few days, apply a blister plaster be- 
 tween the shoulders. Mustard may be applied to the 
 feet at night. "When there is great pain of the head, or 
 delirium, make use of a fomentation of hops simmered 
 in vinegar, enclosed in flannel or muslin; to be occa- 
 sionally repeated. 
 
 Anodynes. — Should there be great pain, restlessness, or 
 want of sleep, give a small teaspoonful of the diaphoretic 
 powders in an infusion or tea of catnip, to be repeated 
 every night. 
 
 A continuance of this course will generally subdue the 
 inflammation in a short time. Cupping or leeching will 
 be found altogether superior to general blood-letting. It 
 relieves the tugid vessels of the brain, and, by its count- 
 er-irritating effects, produces immediate relief; but even 
 this operation is seldom, if ever, necessary. Lemonade, 
 cream of tartar, spirits of nitre, and cold water ma}' be 
 taken. 
 
 Regimen. — The patient must be kept from all noise, 
 
272 guide to Health. 
 
 and a strict adherence to a light cooling diet. Nothing 
 of a stimulating nature must be given, either in food or 
 drink. 
 
 My treatment in this disease is the same as the above, 
 only I keep the head wet with my All -Healing Liniment, 
 and apply a heavy plaster of the Healing and Strength- 
 ening Plaster to the back of the neck and head, to be 
 taken off once a day, and bathe with my All-Healing 
 Liniment, and drafts are to be kept to the feet. This 
 course of treatment has never failed with me. 
 
 CATARRH OR INFLUENZA. 
 
 Description. — This is an epidemical disease which oc- 
 casionally prevails, and sometimes affects nine-tenths of 
 the inhabitants of Europe and America. It is an in- 
 creased secretion of mucus from the membranes of the 
 nose, mouth, and bronchia, with fever, and attended with 
 sneezing, cough, thirst, lassitude and want of appetite. 
 
 Causes. — A species of catarrh, to which the name of 
 influenza has been applied, sometimes makes its appear- 
 ance ; and considering the manner in which the epidemic in- 
 fection of this disease occasionally spreads, even over whole 
 countries, in the space of a very short time, it is evident 
 that it is conveyed by a current of atmosphere, and de- 
 rives its orign from some casual source capable of im- 
 pregnating the air which we breathe with the specific 
 poison of the malady. 
 
 Catarrh and influenza are not accompanied with dan- 
 ger when appearing under a mild form and properly at- 
 tended to at an early period ; but when connected with 
 highly inflammatory symptoms, and these are not coun- 
 teracted at the commencement by appropriate means, or 
 
CATARRH OR INFLUENZA. 273 
 
 there is a predisposition in the constitution to consump- 
 tion, or a tendency to asthma, unfavorable consequences 
 may result therefrom. 
 
 Symptoms. — It commences by sneezing, coughing, hawk- 
 ing, chills succeeded by heat, hoarseness, soreness and 
 rawness of the throat, lungs and stomach. There is an 
 expectoration of mucus, pain of the head, chest, back, 
 shoulders, and forehead. The eyes are red, and there is 
 great weakness and debility. The cough is often at- 
 tended with great difficulty of expectoration. 
 
 As before intimated, it seldom proves fatal, but in 
 some epidemics the attack has been so universal as to 
 occasion great mortality. Towards the close of the year 
 1831, and commencement of 1832, it prevailed through- 
 out the United States, and proved very fatal to those 
 principally who were aged or were subject to some other 
 complaint. It swept off many of our most distinguished 
 inhabitants. 
 
 'Treatment. — In general, the vapor bath alone will re- 
 move it — it may be repeated every other day; at the 
 same time the feet must be bathed, and warm teas drank, 
 made of boneset, hoarhound, or other herbs, until per- 
 spiration is promoted. 
 
 A teaspoonful of the tincture of lobelia or syrup of 
 ipecac may be taken every morning ; and if the cough 
 proves troublesome, a teaspoonful of the syrup of white 
 poppy may be given. A purgative likewise may be oc- 
 casionally taken ; also bathe the feet. 
 
 Influenza and Cough. — Equal parts of good vinegar 
 water ; to a teaspoonful of this mixture add as much 
 capsicum ; sweeten with honey or sugar. A teaspoonful 
 will allay the cough instantly ; a dose taken at bed-time 
 will generally enable the patient to rest well at night. It 
 18 
 
274 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 may be taken whenever the cough is troublesome. — 
 John Shaw. 
 
 Regimen. — The diet should be light, and taken in mod- 
 erate quantities ; liquids are preferable. This treatment 
 will be found very effectual in the catarrh and influenza. 
 Dr. Wooster Beach. 
 
 JAUNDICE. 
 
 This disease most probably depends on the obstruction 
 of the biliary ducts that carry the bile from the liver, 
 where it is secreted, to the intestines. This is conjectured 
 from the absence of bile in the focal discharges and its 
 presence in the urine; as also from the universal tinge 
 of bile over the whole surface, more particularly, and first 
 noticed in the white of the eyes. 
 
 The causes of this obstruction are said to be spasms in 
 the duct, communicated from the stomach ; concretion 
 of the bile from the thinner parts being absorbed ; gall 
 stones passing from the gall bladder, choaking the com- 
 mon duct ; inflammation of the ducts, diseases of the 
 liver; diseases and tumors of the parts near the ducts, 
 stopping them up; and the enlargement and general 
 pressure caused by pregnancy. There are many sources 
 of the above named obstructions — grief and care pro- 
 duce a constant uneasiness in the pit of the stomach, 
 and about the ducts. An indolent life will probably favor 
 concretions and crystalizations of the bile into sort of 
 stones. Drinking ardent spirits will inflame the whole 
 liver ; a bilious country will also render a person liable 
 to disease of the liver. It is no uncommon thing for a 
 person who has had a bilious fever to have jaundice fol- 
 lowing it, the same or the next season. The dark green 
 aundice is reckoned for the warst. 
 
INFLAMMATION OP THE SPLEEN. 275 
 
 Management. — A vegetable, digestible diet, watery and 
 acidulated drinks, gentle exercise, cheerful company, 
 great attention to clothing, avoiding damps and removing 
 from swamps and necks, as well as all other sickly places, 
 are necessary to a cure. 
 
 Cure. — Take salts of tartar, one ounce ; of castile soap 
 and gum arabic, each half an ounce ; puccoon root, or 
 blood root, one-fourth of an ounce ; spirits of brandy, 
 one pint. The ingredients should be frequently stirred 
 and shook well together, and after standing four or five 
 days, the medicine will be fit for use. 
 
 The dose is two-thirds of a wine-glass full, mixed with 
 one-third of a wine-glass of water, every morning for 
 three days in succession, when it may be left off for 
 two or three mornings, and taken again in the same way, 
 if necessary, until the disease begins to disappear. 
 Where the case is a bad one, it should be taken every 
 morning, until relief is procured. Make as a drink three 
 ounces of dried burdock roots and a handful of nettles ; 
 boil them in three quarts of water until reduced to two ; 
 then strain it and drink a large teacupful every morning. 
 This will also cure the scurvy, by adding a tablespoonful 
 of nettle juice to the cupful. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE SPLEEN. 
 
 Description. — This disease very much resembles inflam- 
 mation of the liver, but the pain is in the left side. 
 
 Symptoms. — It is characterized by fever, tension, heat, 
 tumor, and pain in the left side, increased by pressure. 
 This disease comes on with a remarkable shivering, suc- 
 ceeded by a most intense heat and very great thirst ; a 
 pain and tumor are perceived in the left side, and the 
 
276 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 paroxysms for the most part assume a quartan form. 
 When the patients expose themselves for a little to the 
 free air, their extremities immediately grow very cold. 
 If a hemorrhage happens the blood flows out of the left 
 nostril. The other symptoms are the same as those of 
 inflammation of the liver. Like the liver, the spleen is 
 also subject to a chronic inflammation, which often hap- 
 pens after agues, and is called the " ague cake," though 
 that name is also frequently given to a scirrhous tumor 
 of the liver succeeding intermittents. 
 
 The causes of this disease are the same as those of 
 other inflammatory disorders ; but those which determine 
 the inflammation to that particular part more than to 
 any other are very much unknown, excepting cold. It 
 attacks persons of a very plethoric and sanguine habit 
 of body rather than others. 
 
 Treatment. — During the acute stage of this disease, 
 prescribe remedies to subdue the inflammation. 
 
 1. Give a purgative every other day, according to the 
 strength of the system and severity of the disease. 
 
 2. Give sudorific medicines to produce perspiration. 
 
 3. Apply cayenne pepper, (capsicum annuum,) mixed 
 and simmered with spirits, to the part. 
 
 4. Should this not relieve the pain and mitigate the 
 symptoms, mustard plaster may be applied to the side or 
 over the region of the spleen. 
 
 Chronic Inflammation of the Spleen. — The spleen some- 
 times becomes enlarged, and suppurates. This may be 
 known by the soft or scirrhous feeling. In either case it 
 is seldom attended with danger. Should symptoms of 
 suppuration appear, a poultice may be applied to the 
 part, and thus be promoted. Should the spleen become 
 soft and pulpy, and partly destroyed, as is sometimes the 
 
MEASLES. 277 
 
 case, a plaster may be applied to the side, and purgatives 
 and emetics occasionally used, together with the hepatic 
 pills. — Dr. W. Beach. 
 
 MEASLES. 
 
 This disease attacks persons only once in life, and is 
 the effect of a specific contagion. It comes on with al- 
 ternate heats and chills, fever, cough, hoarseness, difficul- 
 ty of breathing, sneezing, sense of weight in the head, 
 nausea or vomiting, drowsiness, dullness of the eyes, 
 running from the nose, etc. On the fourth day from 
 the attack, eruptions, like flea bites, arise on the face and 
 body, and in about four days more, these eruptions dis- 
 appear with the fever. For the want of managing this 
 complaint right, it frequently brings on the consumption, 
 and a number of other complaints, sometimes takes the 
 person off immediately, and others carry the effect with 
 them as long as they live. It creates humors in the 
 blood, and does not discharge it like the small-pox by 
 means of sores, but the humors strike back into the body, 
 or else settle back in the side. Very little medicine and 
 management, taken in time, will answer the purpose. 
 
 Treatment. — When one has an attack of the measles, 
 let them warm and drink freely of tea made of saffron 
 or catnip, or any tea that will produce a driving quality ; 
 a little brandy or good spirits maybe taken, or warm wine 
 whey occasionally, to keep out the spots. Should they 
 suddenly disappear, bathe the feet in warm water and 
 sweat the patient, or give an emetic, which is better, and 
 administer a teaspoonful of Spasmodic Tincture every 
 three hours, and drink freely of a tea made of the Com- 
 position Fowders, or a tea made from saflrom or Virginia 
 
278 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 snake root, and keep warm in bed. For hoarseness, give 
 the Congh Syrup. 
 
 EPILEPSY, OR FALLING SICKNESS. 
 
 Epilepsy, called also falling sickness, is a sudden pri- 
 vation of sense, accompanied with unusual motions, and 
 violent convulsions of the whole system. It occurs in 
 paroxysms, which, after a period, leave the patient nearly 
 in his former state ; but they are generally succeeded by 
 languor, debility, stupor and drowsiness. It takes place 
 more frequently among young children than grown per- 
 sons. It occurs also periodically, and oftener in the 
 night than in the day-time. It is frequently an heredi- 
 tary disease, attacking several in the same family. 
 
 Causes. — Blows, wounds, fractures, and other injuries 
 done to the head by external violence, together with 
 plethora of the vessels of the head, of water in the brain, 
 tumors, concretions, polypus, and a deformity in the 
 shape of the bones in any interior part of the skull, give 
 rise to this disease. Epilepsy has also been known to 
 arise from an affection of the spinal marrow; and.it is to 
 inflammation in that part, of a more chronic form, that 
 those shaking palsies, which are attended with pain, 
 have been imputed. Violent affections of the nervous 
 system, sudden frights, fits of passion, great emotions of 
 mind, frequent intoxication, acute pains in an} r part, 
 worms in the stomach or intestines, teething, the suppres- 
 sion of some long accustomed evacuation, too great emp- 
 tiness or repletion, and poisons received into the body, 
 are productive of epilepsy. Sometimes it is hereditary, 
 and at others it depends on a predisposition, arising from 
 a disease of the sensorium, which is occasioned either by 
 
EPILEPSY OR FALLING SICKNESS. 279 
 
 plethora or a state of debility. Derangement of the 
 stomach and bowels is a very frequent cause of this 
 complaint. 
 
 Symptoms. — The epileptic fit, for the most part, occurs 
 suddenly ; the patient falls to the ground, and hence the 
 disease has received the appropriate name of the falling 
 sickness. When the complaint is fully established, it is 
 usual for the patient to experience certain warnings of 
 the approach of a fit, which, though lasting only a few 
 seconds, enable him to make some preparation for it. 
 The most frequent of these warning symptoms are, head- 
 ache, giddiness, dimness of sight, or flashes of light 
 passing before the eyes, ringing in the ears, and 
 coldness of the extremities. Some persons are apprised of 
 the approach of the fit by the appearance of particular 
 spectres; but the most common of all epileptic warnings 
 is that singular sensation of tremor, or coldness, or numb- 
 ness, which has been called the aura epileptica. It begins 
 at the extremity of a limb and gradually ascends to the 
 head, when the paroxysm of lethargy and convulsions 
 ensues. 
 
 During the fit the convulsive agitations of the body 
 are violent. The eyes are fixed and reverted, and the 
 pupils permanently contracted ; the teeth gnash against 
 each other ; the tongue is thrust forward, and often se- 
 verely bitten ; and thereis foaming at the mouth ; the 
 breathing is irregular and laborious ; and the pulse, for 
 the most part, small and contracted. Complete insensi- 
 bility prevails. The fit varies in duration from a few 
 minutes to a quarter, and even half an hour ; in some 
 cases it has lasted even longer. On its cessation, the pa- 
 tient remains for some time motionless, insensible, and 
 apparently in a profound sleep. From this he recovers 
 
280 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 by degrees, but without any recollection of the circum- 
 stances of the fit. It leaves him weak and exhausted, 
 and for the rest of the day he generally complains of a 
 degree of stupor and sense of oppression in the head. 
 In many cases this has amounted to actual mania, con- 
 tinuing for two or three days. 
 
 The periods of recurrence of the fits are too various to 
 admit of being stated with any degree of accuracy. 
 "When the disease first develops itself, the intervals are 
 long, perhaps two or three months. As it becomes more 
 firmly rooted in the system, the fits recur with a corre- 
 sponding frequency, until at length the patient hardly 
 passes a day without one. It is important, however, to 
 bear in mind, that genuine epilepsy seldom occurs often- 
 er than this ; and, therefore, when a person has more 
 than one fit in the day, we may reasonably conclude that 
 the disease is of an hysterical nature. 
 
 Epileptic fits occur at all hours : but much more com- 
 monly during the night than in the day ; sometimes on 
 first going to sleep. 
 
 Treatment. — During the epileptic paroxysm in general, 
 little or nothing is to be done, except using precautions 
 that the patient may not injure himself ; and it will be 
 prudent to remove anything which may compress the 
 veins of the neck, to obviate congestion in the head. 
 
 Indications of Cure. — 1. To remove all sources of ir- 
 ritation. 
 
 2. To return the blood to the brain. 
 
 3. To alter that morbid condition of the nervous sys- 
 tem on which convulsion depends; and to strengthen 
 the body. 
 
 To one or other of these principles may be traced the 
 good effects of all the medicines and plans of treatment 
 which prove efficacious in the cure of epilepsy. 
 
EPILEASY OR FALLING SICKNESS. 281 
 
 In the epilepsies of infants and children, scarification 
 of the gums may sometimes prove beneficial ; also the 
 administration of an emetic, occasional doses of purga- 
 tive medicines, the more liberal use of mild aperients 
 and tonics, and strict attention to diet and regimen. 
 Where the symptoms indicate the presence of worms, 
 medicines to remove them must be immediately ex- 
 hibited. 
 
 "When the irritation is seated in the uterine system, 
 (scanty and laborious menstruation, and the peculiar pe- 
 riods at which the fits recur,) our measures must be di- 
 rected to the restoration of the natural determination to 
 the uterus. Recourse may be had to the warm hip bath, 
 stimulating injections, relaxing medicines, diaphoretics, 
 and the different kinds of emmenagogues. 
 
 The second principle in the treatment of epilepsy is, 
 the obviating general plethora, and the taking off that 
 peculiar determination of blood to the vessels of the 
 head, which is one of the most important features in the 
 pathology of the disease. Such a principle is equally 
 applicable to the sympathetic as to the primary varieties 
 of epilepsy. "Where the disease is still recent, where it 
 occurs to adults and young persons of robust habit, and, 
 more especially, where, in the intervals of the fits, the pa- 
 tient complains of headache, giddiness, stupor, or any other 
 mark of permanent fullness in the blood-vessels of the 
 brain, purgatives and sudorifics must be given. It may 
 even be necessary to repeat them, before the tendency to 
 accumulation of blood about the head can be thoroughly 
 subdued. 
 
 Keeping the same important object in view, the prac- 
 titioner will aid the effects of medicine by directing a 
 mild and unirritating diet, early hours of rising and go- 
 
282 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ing to bed, regular exercise, abstinence from all ferment- 
 ed liquors, washing the head and neck with cold water, 
 and bathing the feet. Under particular circumstances, 
 he may, if other means fail, substitute cupping between 
 the shoulders, mustard plasters to the nape of the neck, 
 and the steady use of purgative medicine. 
 
 The physician will attempt to alter that peculiar con- 
 dition of the brain and nervous system with which the 
 state of convulsion is associated. Experience has shown 
 that medicines of the narcotic kind possess a consider- 
 able power over it. Many of them have accordingly 
 been employed in epilepsy, and with advantage ; more 
 particularly camphor, opium, hyoscyamus, and stramo- 
 nium. Farther, there are the strongest grounds for be- 
 lieving that the morbid irritability of the brain and 
 nerves, on which the spasm depends, is often connected 
 withgeneral constitutional weakness. Hence it is that 
 many of the most powerful of the antispasmodic medicines 
 are, in fact, tonic. 
 
 Medicine. — Having detailed the general indications 
 and principles of cure, I shall now speak of the admin- 
 istration of particular kinds of medicine. 
 
 1. Emetics. — The stomach being either primarily or 
 secondarily affected in this disease, it will be necessary 
 to administer our common emetic once or twice a week, 
 according to circumstances. From the extensive influ- 
 ence of emetics on the system, they are adapted to dis- 
 eases of this kind; they stimulate the stomach, liver, 
 pancreas, brain, and whole nervous system, and usually 
 bring on more or less perspiration. 
 
 2. Moderate purgatives should also be occasionally giv- 
 en, to cleanse the first passages and intestines ; after- 
 wards, laxatives or aperient medicines may be taken, 
 sufficient to keep the bowels regular. 
 
EPILEPSY OR FALLING SICKNESS. 283 
 
 3. Antispasmodics must be given. The following I 
 have found preferable to any other : Take seeds or herb 
 of stramonium, (datura stramonium,) pulverized, one 
 drachm; henbane, a teaspoonful; spirits, half a pint; 
 digest until the strength is extracted. Of this tincture 
 let from twenty to fifty drops be taken three times a day 
 in a little tea, or any suitable vehicle. The dose maybe 
 increased until there is a slight degree of dizziness, when 
 the dose should be continued. 
 
 Tonics. — I have found by experience that epilepsy is 
 a disease of general debility or weakness; indeed, it 
 seems to be the proximate cause of the complaint; I 
 have, therefore, always derived the greatest benefits from 
 such medicines as have given the most tone and energy 
 to the system. 
 
 The following formula combines anti-spasmodic and 
 tonic properties : Take garden pseony, (jpaionia officinalis^) 
 one ounce ; Peruvian bark, (cinchon officinal,) one ounce ; 
 Virginia snake root, (serpent. Virginian,) half an ounce ; 
 wild valerian, or ladies' slipper, one ounce ; extract all 
 the strength from these, by repeated boilings, then strain 
 and simmer to one quart, and add a pound of loaf sugar 
 and half a pint of Maderia wine. Of this the patient 
 may take from half a wine glass to a wine glassful three 
 or four times a day, fasting. 
 
 I have found that fine salt has a very salutary effect in 
 epilepsy. As soon as there are any premonitory symp- 
 toms, give a teaspoonful in a little water, and, if prac- 
 ticable, repeat in fifteen or twenty minutes ; it prevents 
 or shortens the fit, and may be taken two or three times 
 a day. 
 
 Capsicum is also very good in this complaint, and may 
 be given in the form of powders, half teaspoonful doses, 
 
284 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 in syrup or water, just before an accession of a fit, or 
 when there are unpleasant symptoms. It may likewise 
 be given combined with other articles, as follows : Take 
 tincture of lobelia seeds, one pint ; tincture of capsicum, 
 one pint ; tincture of valerian, three gills, or in this pro- 
 portion ; mix ; dose, from a small teaspoonful to a small 
 tablesoonful, occasionally, or according to circumstances, 
 in water. 
 
 Take dragon's claw, (called also crawley amaranthus,) 
 fever root, etc., two ounces, bruised ; wild valerian, la- 
 dies' slipper or nervine, bruised, one ounce ; put the in- 
 gredients in a two-quart pitcher, and pour boiling water 
 upon them. Dose, half a pint twice a day, milk warm. 
 The warm bath three times a week, and a cold salt bath 
 may be used after the fits have been suspended. The 
 shower bath will probably be better than the cold bath. 
 
 The above will be found well calculated to remove the 
 disease; but should these means fail, others may be 
 tried. 
 
 The following is used by a celebrated French physi- 
 cian, in Paris, for epilepsy : Nitrate of silver, six grains; 
 extract opium, one drachm ; musk, two scruples ; cam- 
 phor, four scruples ; mix, and divide into ninety-six pills. 
 The dose is one pill, night and morning, gradually aug- 
 mented, according to the patient's ability to support it. 
 These pills are employed in the treatment of chronic 
 nervous affections, more especially of epilepsy. 
 
 Dr. Henry states, in his Herbal, that several miserable 
 patients have been radically cured of epileptic fits or 
 convulsions, (under the Divine blessing,) by the follow- 
 ing prescription, in three or four weeks : Take one pound 
 of fresh green leaves of stramonium or stinkweed, pound 
 them, press out the juice, put it in a pewter plate, and 
 
PALSY. 285 
 
 place in the sun to evaporate ; stir frequently, until the 
 extract is fit for pills. First give the patient an emetic; 
 the next day give a small sized pill of the extract (two 
 grains) night and morning. The dose may be increased 
 to three grains morning, noon and night. — Dr. W. Beach. 
 
 The following preparation is highly extolled as a rem- 
 edy in this disease : 
 
 Reduce the seeds of the lobelia inflata to a fine powder, 
 and to half an ounce of this powder, add the same quan- 
 tity of cayenne pepper, a gill of the tincture of myrrh, 
 and a spoonful of valerian root ; keep it closely corked 
 in a bottle for use. Dose, a teaspoonful for an adult, and 
 children in proportion. 
 
 It is also recommended in cases of measles, small-pox, 
 locked jaw, bite of a mad dog, suspended animation, etc. 
 
 "When the disease is hereditary, or proceeds from a 
 wrong formation of the brain, a cure need not be ex- 
 pected. 
 
 PALSY 
 
 Is a disease consisting in a loss of the power of volun- 
 tary motion, but affecting certain parts of the body only, 
 and by this it is distinguished from apoplexy. In the 
 most violent degrees of palsy, the patient looses both 
 the power of motion, and sense of feeling, either of one 
 side, or the lower half of the body. The first is termed 
 hemiphlegia, the latter paraphlegia. When it affects 
 any particular parts only, as the tongue, the lips, eyelid, 
 etc., it is termed a local palsy. It is more or less dan- 
 gerous, according to the importance of the part affected. 
 
 A palsy of the heart, lungs, or any part necessary to 
 life, is mortal. When it affects the stomach, the intes- 
 
286 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 tines, or the bladder, it is highly dangerous. If the face 
 be affected, the case is bad, as it shows that the disease 
 proceeds from the brain. When the part affected feels 
 cold, is insensible, or wastes away, or when the judgment 
 and memory begin to fail, there is small hope of a cure. 
 
 Symptoms. — If this disease be not the effect of apo- 
 plexy, it is preceded by universal torpor, giddiness, a 
 sense of weight or uneasiness in the head, dullness of 
 comprehension, loss of memory, and sense of coldness in 
 the part about to be affected ; there is also sometimes 
 tremor, creeping, and pain in the part. 
 
 Causes. — The immediate cause of palsy is anything 
 that prevents the regular exertion of the nervous power 
 upon any particular muscle or part of the body. The 
 occasional and predisposing causes are various, as drunk- 
 enness, wounds of the brain, or spinal marrow, pressure 
 upon the brain or nerves, very cold or damp air, the 
 suppression of customary evacuations, sudden fear, want 
 of exercise, or whatever greatly relaxes the system, as 
 drinking much tea or coffee, etc. The palsy may like- 
 wise proceed from wounds of the nerves themselves, and 
 from the poisonous fumes of metals or minerals, as mer- 
 cury, lead, arsenic, etc. It is also produced in conse 
 quence of extreme debility, and old age. 
 
 Treatment. — In this I have to differ from almost all 
 other physicians. I have treated several cases of this 
 complaint, and some that have gone through all the 
 common practice laid down, such as bleeding, blistering, 
 and mercury; and after torturing them for a year or 
 two, then giving them up to linger out a miserable ex- 
 istence. 
 
 My mode of treatment is, first, effectually wash the 
 entire surface with strong saleratus water, comfortably 
 
croup. 287 
 
 warm ; wipe the patient dry with a clean towel ; then 
 thoroughly bathe the part affected, if that should be the 
 whole body, with my All-Healing Liniment, all that can 
 be rubbed in, for fifteen minutes at a time; do this 
 twice a day. After one or two days, give an emetic, 
 and in about eight hours give the Mandrake Physic; 
 after it has operated, give the Anti-spasmodic Tin- 
 cture. Dose : from one to two teaspoonfuls three times 
 a day, according to circumstances. Children, from 
 twenty drops to a teaspoonful, according to their 
 age. Let the patient take a small lump of saltpetre, 
 about the size of a grain of corn, once a day, dissolved 
 in cold water; children in proportion, according to 
 their age; and give the Mandrake Physic once a 
 week, and use the Purifying Syrup twice a day, by add- 
 ing half an ounce of the hydrodate of potash to a quart 
 of the syrup ; and if attended to punctually — to the 
 washing and bathing with the Liniment, and the other 
 medicines — you can depend on a cure, if the articles are 
 all pure. This generally cures in nine or twelve months. 
 Exercise is of the utmost importance; but the patient 
 must beware of cold, damp, and moist air. 
 
 croup. — (Cynanche Tracheules.) 
 
 Description. — This is an acute inflammation of the mu- 
 cus membrane of the trachea or wind-pipe, characterized 
 by fever, cough, and hoarseness, difficulty of breathing, 
 with a considerable degree of spasmodic affections. 
 
 Causes. — The usual causes of croup are, cold, exposure 
 to damp atmosphere, and whatever checks perspiration. 
 It prevails chiefly in winter and spring. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms of the complaint are, diffi- 
 culty of breathing, and a peculiar whistling noise. It is 
 
288 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 attended with a cough, which generally increases until 
 it becomes very troublesome. It occurs in paroxysms, 
 which agitate the whole frame ; great thirst, restleness, 
 and expectoration of mucus, which is raised with a great 
 deal of difficulty. The head is thrown back in great 
 agony, as if attempting to escape suffocation. The cough 
 is generally dry, but if anything is spit up, it has either 
 a purulent appearance, or seems to consist of films re- 
 sembling portions of a membrane. Where great nausea 
 and frequent retching prevail, coagulated matter of the 
 same nature is brought up. There is an uneasy sense of 
 heat over the whole body ; a continued inclination to 
 change from place to place, and frequency of the pulse. 
 Very often the symptoms differ considerably, and sudden 
 remissions and exacerbations take place. In an advanced 
 stage of the disease, respiration becomes more difficult, 
 and is performed with still greater difficulty, and some 
 degree of spasmodic affection, being repeated at longer 
 periods and with greater exertions, until at last it ceases 
 entirely. The disease has, in a few instances, terminated 
 fatally within twenty-four hours, but more generally, 
 when it proves fatal, it runs on to the fourth our fifth 
 day. In this disease, great quantities of lymph are 
 poured out into the trachea or wind-pipe, and bronchial 
 tubes, larynx, etc., which produce the suffocation and 
 many other symptoms attending it. 
 
 Treatment. — Indications of Cure. — Prompt means should 
 be taken to lessen increased action of the mucus mem- 
 brane of the wind-pipe, larynx, and bronchial tubes. To 
 accomplish these means, it will be necessary to bathe the 
 feet in weak ley. Give the Expectorant Tincture or the 
 Emetic Powder. To a child of one year old, give a 
 common teaspoonful every twenty minutes, until gentle 
 
CKOUP. 289 
 
 vomiting takes place. This acts with peculiar force upon 
 the trachea, separating or removing the effusion of lymph 
 collected there, by which the breathing becomes easy 
 and all the symptoms more favorable. This must be re- 
 peated occasionally, or as often as there are any returns 
 of the severe symptoms or paroxysms. Of the powder 
 give a quarter of a teaspoonful. A purgative may be 
 given a short time after the operation of the emetic, 
 which may be repeated every day until the symptoms 
 abate. 
 
 Expectorants. — Should there be great difficulty of ex- 
 pectoration, the following syrup may be given : Take 
 seneca root and squills, of each half a pound; water, 
 eight pounds ; boil it slowly till the water is half con- 
 sumed, strain off the liquor, and add strained honey, 
 four pounds, then boil to six pounds, or the consistence 
 of a syrup ; to every pound of this syrup add one quarter 
 of a pound of tincture of lobelia. An ordinary sized tea- 
 spoonful may be given to a child one year old, as often 
 as a paroxysm of coughing occurs, particularly if the 
 mucus is discharged with difficulty. This acts as an ex- 
 pectorant, diaphoretic, and laxative. Bathe the chest 
 and throat with, the Rheumatic Liquid. If the cough 
 proves very troublesome, give occasionally a teaspoonful of 
 the syrup of garlic. Should not this preparation diminish 
 it in a reasonable time, administer the Pulmonic SjTiip, 
 according to the directions given. If there is much fe- 
 brile excitement, let the surface be occasionally bathed, 
 and mustard plasters applied to the feet and between the 
 shoulders, and to the chest, alternately. Steep hops and 
 vinegar, inhale the steam, and apply to the throat. It is 
 stated that it has cured when all other remedies have 
 failed. — Dr. W. Beach. 
 19 
 
29® GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 My treatment for croup is, first give an emetic, (I use 
 my isTo. 2 Emetic,) and if warm water is handy, immerse 
 the child in warm water for Hve or ten minutes, and give 
 the child a tea made of blue or black cohursh root ; as 
 the black is much stronger, it must be used in less quan- 
 tity. It makes the emetic work better. A tea made of 
 saffron will answer the same purpose. After the emetic 
 has operated two or three times, give the child strong 
 sage tea, well sweetened. I mix sage and blue cohursh 
 together, and give pigs' foot oil, or olive oil ; but when 
 neither of these articles are at hand, melt fresh butter, 
 and give it from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful fre- 
 quently. The dose should be according to the age and 
 urgency of the case, and give spasmodic tincture as the 
 child can bear it. I have cured different cases with 
 a tea made of lobelia and blood root, and give it so as to 
 produce nausea or vomiting. Bathing is very good. It 
 gives prompt relief. The spasmodic tincture is the 
 handiest and the best medicine in this complaint, and 
 should be kept in every house. 
 
 INFANTILE REMITTENT FEVER. 
 
 Description. — This fever is peculiar to children from 
 the age of one to five years. It comes on very gradually, 
 manifesting itself by a costiveness, and sometimes by 
 relaxation of the bowels. 
 
 Causes. — This fever is evidently symptomatic. It 
 arises from disordered digestion, and depends partly upon 
 the absorption of the putrid contents of the intestines. 
 
 Symptoms. — On the symptoms making their appear- 
 ance, the child becomes fretful, its lips are dry, hands 
 hot, breath short, the head painful, and pulse quick, fre- 
 

 INFANTILE REMITTENT FEVER. 291 
 
 quently reaching 120 per minute. An unwillingness to 
 stir or speak, and a disturbed sleep, are some of the 
 symptoms in this fever. Also a rejection of food may 
 be taken, in conjunction with other causes already men- 
 tioned, as an indication of the approach of the disease. 
 At times, very little is discharged from the intestines, 
 while at others, a copious discharge is exhibited, the 
 stools being of a mucus or slimy appearance. The 
 child frequently becomes delirious and stupid, and not 
 unfrequently speechless. Drowsiness and stupor inter- 
 vene between the paroxysms ; yet at times it appears 
 tolerably well, or at least livelier, which is manifest by 
 peevishness. These symptoms probably manifest them- 
 selves for eight or ten days, when all at once a more vio- 
 lent paroxysm of fever will arise, preceded by a fit of 
 shivering and vomiting; the pulse increases to 140 in a 
 minute, the cheeks are flushed, the drowsiness is much 
 increased, and the child keeps picking almost incessantly 
 at the skin of the lips and nose and angles of the eyes. 
 
 This species of fever is mild at its commencement, slow 
 in its progress, and very uncertain in its results. In some 
 respects, it resembles dropsy in the head, and is some- 
 times mistaken for that disease ; but in the latter there 
 are occasional screamings, with much tossing of the 
 hands above the head, etc. The child refuses food and 
 medicine, whereas in dropsy of the head, it will usually 
 take whatever is offered to it without reluctance. The 
 fasces are remarkably changed from their natural color 
 and general appearance, being sometimes black and 
 smelling like putrid mud, and at others they are cur- 
 dled, with shreds of coagulable lymph floating in a dark 
 greenish-colored fluid. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 Treatment. — In this, as in all other fevers, first cleanse 
 
292 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the stomach by a gentle emetic, and the bowels by pur- 
 gatives. This will moderate the febrile symptoms ; then 
 restore the lost energies of the system by the use of tonics. 
 A dose of senna and manna may be administered to 
 the child twice or three times a week. After the bowels 
 have been thoroughly cleansed, I scarcely ever give chil- 
 dren any other purgatives than the neutralizing mixture 
 (cordial). I give this medicine freely, and it answers 
 very well for children in most cases. The child should 
 be bathed, as in other fevers, and kept perfectly clean. 
 Strict attention must be paid to keeping the feet warm 
 and the head cool. Apply cloths, dipped in vinegar and 
 water, to the forehead. Keep up a determination to the 
 surface by giving diaphoretic medicines. When the fever 
 is nearly subdued, and there is great debility, give an in- 
 fusion of equal parts of Colombo, gentian, and chamo- 
 mile ; this will strengthen the system. As soon as the 
 child is able to be about, give the Purifying Syrup, and 
 it will soon regain its original health and vigor. 
 
 Prevention of Fevers. — I shall now proceed to give the 
 recipe for preparing the disinfecting gas, which will be 
 found useful in the prevention of this disease. The fol- 
 lowing are the directions to be observed : Take saltpetre, 
 pulverized, six drachms ; oil vitriol, six drachms ; mix 
 them in a teacup, by adding to the saltpetre the oil of 
 vitriol, one drachm at a time. Place the cup,jduring the 
 operation, on a hot brick, shovel, hearth, or any other 
 heated substance, the mixture to be stirred with a tobacco 
 pipe or iron rod. 
 
 I have recommended several kinds of herbs and plants 
 to promote perspiration, but there are others equally as 
 good, and perhaps, in another climate, better, which 
 may be substituted when necessary. Every climafe 
 
WHOOPING-COUGH. 293 
 
 abounds with medicinal vegetation, the virtues of which, 
 if known, are sufficient to eradicate all curable diseases. 
 Those in other sections, who wish to prescribe for the sick, 
 according to the practice laid down in these pages, will 
 find no difficulty in selecting suitable kinds of herbs and 
 roots to serve as remedies in the treatment of all diseases. 
 I have taken some pains to prescribe different treat- 
 ments and give different remedies, and a number of re- 
 ceipts for diseases, that all, in every locality, may find it 
 in their power to cure diseases without going from home, 
 only to nature's garden. My object is to do all the good 
 I can in relieving those suffering, and I am satisfied that 
 if those who may read this work will pay due attention 
 to the rules laid down for the treatment of diseases in 
 this volume, they may save life and " Doctors' bills." 
 
 whooping-cough. — (Pertussis.) 
 
 Description. — This is a disease known by a convulsive, 
 strangulating cough, with whooping, returning by fits that 
 are usually terminated by vomiting. Children are most 
 commonly the subjects of this disease, and it seems to 
 depend on a specific contagion, which affects them but 
 once in their life. The disease being once produced, the 
 fits of coughing are often repeated without any evident 
 causes. The frequency of the fits may depend upon 
 various exciting causes, such as violent exercise, a full 
 meal, the having taken food of difficult digestion, and 
 irritation of the lungs by dust, smoke, or disagreea- 
 ble odors. Emotions of the mind may likewise prove 
 an exciting cause. 
 
 Causes. — It is evidently produced by contagion. Its 
 proximate or immediate cause seems to be a viscid matter 
 or phlegm, lodged about the bronchia, trachea, and 
 
294 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 fauces, which sticks so close as to be expectorated with 
 the greatest difficulty. 
 
 Symptoms.— The whooping-cough usually comes on with 
 a difficulty of breathing, some degree of thirst, a quick 
 pulse and other slight febrile symptoms, which are succeed- 
 ed by a hoarseness, cough, and difficulty of expectoration. 
 These symptoms continue perhaps for a fortnight or more, 
 at the end of which time the disease puts on its peculiar 
 and characteristic form, and is now evident, as the cough 
 becomes convulsive, and is attended with a sound which 
 has been called a whoop. "When the sonorous inspiration 
 has happened, the coughing is again renewed, and con- 
 tinues in the same manner as before, till either a quantity 
 of mucus is thrown up from the lungs, or the contents 
 of the stomach are evacuated by vomiting. The fit is 
 then terminated, and the patient remains free from any oth- 
 er for some time, and shortly afterwards returns to the 
 amusements he was employed in before the fit, expresses 
 a desire for food, and when it is given to him takes it 
 greedily. In those cases, however, where the attack has 
 been severe, he often seems much fatigued, makes quick 
 respirations, and faints. At the commencement of the 
 disease there is little or no expectoration, or if any, it 
 consists only of thin mucus ; and as long as this is the 
 case, the fits of coughing are frequent and of consider- 
 able duration; but on the expectoration becoming free 
 and copious, the fits of coughing are less frequent, as well 
 as of shorter duration. By the violence of coughing, 
 the free transmission of blood through the lungs is some- 
 what interrupted, as likewise the free return of blood 
 from the head, which produces that turgescence and 
 suffusion of the face which commonly attends the 
 attack, and in some instances brings on a hemorrhage 
 
WHOOPING-COUGH. 295 
 
 either from the nose or ears. The disease having arriv- 
 ed at its height, usually continues for some weeks longer, 
 and at length goes off gradually. In some cases it is, 
 however, protracted for several months, or even a year, 
 and sometimes terminates in other complaints. 
 
 Treatment. — The symptoms of this disease can only 
 be mitigated, not suddenly arrested, as it will run its 
 course. 
 
 Emetics. — It is generally reckoned a favorable symp- 
 tom when a fit of coughing makes the patient vomit. 
 This cleanses the stomach, and greatly relieves the 
 cough. It would, therefore, be proper to promote this 
 discharge by giving an emetic or the expectorant tinc- 
 ture. Emetics not only cleanse the stomach, which in 
 this disease is generally loaded with viscid phlegm, but 
 they likewise promote perspiration and the secretions, 
 and ought, therefore, to be repeated according to the ob- 
 stinacy of the disease. They should not, however, be 
 strong ; gentle vomits, frequently repeated, are both less 
 dangerous and more beneficial than strong ones. For 
 this purpose, a half teaspoonful of the Expectorant 
 Tincture or Emetic Powder may be given to a child a 
 year old, in any kind of tea, sweetened, every half hour, 
 till it operates as a gentle emetic. It may be repeated 
 whenever a fit of coughing occurs and there is sense of 
 suffocation; or if there is great debility, or the attack is 
 not very severe, a sufficient quantity may be given to 
 loosen the mucus or phlegm, and to cause the child to 
 breathe freely; give also the Pulmonic Syrup. 
 
 Opiates are sometimes necessary to allay the violence 
 of the cough. For this purpose, a little of the Syrup of 
 Poppy, according to the age of the patient, may be taken 
 in a cup of hysop or pennyroyal tea, and repeated oc- 
 casionally. 
 
296 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Laxatives. — The bowels must be kept freely open by 
 gentle laxatives. A good medicine for this purpose is 
 the eold-pressed castor oil, mixed with a little milk, 
 sweetened. A teaspoonful or two may be given to a 
 child one year old, two or three times a day, as there is 
 occasion. For those that are older, the dose must be 
 increased and repeated until it has the desired effect. 
 Those who cannot be in this manner induced to take the 
 castor oil, may have it mixed with a little syrup or cur- 
 rant jelly, to disguise the taste, or the common bilious 
 physic may be given. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 The feet must be bathed in warm ley water every 
 night, and draughts applied to the feet and chest. In 
 this complaint, I depend almost entirely on the Spasmod- 
 ic Tincture and the Neutralizing Cordial, and give the 
 pigs' feet oil, or flax seed oil, and pay strict attention to 
 keeping the feet warm and dry, and keep them out of the 
 cold and wet, and bathe their feet every night in warm 
 water, and also bathe the throat and breast with my All- 
 Healing Liniment every night, and keep a plaster of the 
 Healing and Strengthening Plaster between the shoulders. 
 
 'Regimen. — "Whatever injures the digestion, obstructs 
 the perspiration, or relaxes the solids, disposes to this 
 disease ; consequently its cure must depend upon cleans- 
 ing and strengthening the stomach, bracing the solids, 
 and at the same time promoting perspiration and the 
 different secretions. The diet mast be light and of easy 
 digestion ; for children, milk, good bread made into pap or 
 pudding, chicken broth, with other light diet, are proper. 
 One of the most effectual remedies in whooping-cough is 
 change of air. This often removes the malady, even 
 when the change seems to be from a purer to a less 
 wholesome air. 
 
PLEURISY. 297 
 
 pleurisy. — (Pleuritis.) 
 
 Description. — Pleurisy is an inflammation of the pleura, 
 which lines the internal coat of the thorax and covers 
 its viscera. When it is seated in this membrane, which 
 lines the inside of the breast, it is called a true and in- 
 ternal pleurisy; but when it chiefly occupies the exter- 
 nal parts, and principally affects the muscles within the 
 ribs, it is caTW. 4m spurious or bastard pleurisy. The 
 pleurisy is most predominant in the spring season, and 
 prevails among laboring people, especially such as are 
 much exposed, and are of a sanguine constitution. 
 
 Causes. — Its causes are cold applied to the skin, sudden 
 and great extension of the pleura in drawing breath, 
 drinking cold liquors after being heated by violent ex- 
 ercise, cold, northerly winds, sleeping without doors on 
 the damp ground, wet clothes, plunging the body into 
 cold water, or exposing it to the cold air in a state 
 of perspiration ; generally speaking, whatever obstructs 
 perspiration, may occasion the pleurisy. It may also 
 be produced by drinking strong liquors, stopping issues, 
 ulcers, sweating of the feet or hands, or other usual 
 evacuations; the sudden striking in of the small-pox, 
 measles, or any eruption. It may also be brought on 
 by violent exercise, as running, leaping, wrestling, lift- 
 ing heavy burthens, blows on the breast, etc. 
 
 Symptoms. — This, like most other forms of fever, be- 
 gins with chilliness and shivering, which are followed by 
 heat, thirst, inquietude, and the other common symptoms 
 of fever ; and after a few hours the patient is seized with a 
 violent pricking pain in one of his sides, commonly about 
 the short ribs, which sometimes extends itself toward 
 
298 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the backbone, sometimes toward the shoulder-bone, and 
 sometimes toward the forepart of the breast, and this is 
 attended with frequent coughing. 
 
 The matter which the patient spits up is at first small 
 in quantity, thin, mixed with particles of blood, but as 
 the disease advances, it is more plentiful and purulent, 
 but seldom without a mixture of blood. The pulse is 
 remarkably strong, and seems to vibrate like the tense 
 string of a musical instrument ; and the blood drawn from 
 a vein, as soon as it is cold, looks likelffiLfeJ. jFfmet. Some- 
 times there is little or no expectoration, and hence pleu- 
 risies are distinguished into moist and dry. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 Treatment — In this, above all other diseases, the vapor 
 bath is the most essential. I never pretend to treat a 
 case without it, as it is certain to give immediate relief. 
 Emetics should not be given in this complaint. Give a 
 tea made of pleurisy root, or the vegetable heating pow- 
 ders. Bathe the side affected with my All-Healing Lin- 
 iment, and give a tablespoonful in sweet milk or water 
 sweetened, then apply the vapor bath, by placing a blad- 
 der or stone jug filled with hot water, with a wet flannel 
 wrapped around it, one to the feet, and one to the small 
 of the back, and one before the breast-bone. The one 
 before the breast should be wet with liquor or spirits of 
 camphor. Repeat the Liniment occasionally, and give 
 the tea freely, and if this is done in the commencement 
 of the attack, there will be an immediate relief. The 
 Sudorific Drops and Diaphoretic powders may be given. 
 The Liniment and sweating are the main articles in this 
 complaint. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER.— (Hepatites.) 
 
 Description — By this disease we understand an inflani- 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. 299 
 
 mation either in the membranes or substance of the liver, 
 characterized by febrile excitement, with tension, and 
 pain of the right side, often pungent, like that of pleuri- 
 sy, but more frequently dull, a pain at the top of the 
 shoulder blade, difficulty of breathing, dry cough, vom- 
 iting, and hiccough ; yellowness of the eyes sometimes 
 appears. 
 
 This disease is either chronic or acute. 
 
 Causes. — The causes are all those producing inflam- 
 mation; scirrhous tumors in the liver; injuries from ex- 
 ternal violence ; mercury ; hot climate ; obstructing the 
 hepatic ducts; anything that suddenly cools the liver 
 after it has been much heated ; drinking largely of wines 
 and spirituous liquors ; eating hot, spicy aliment ; violent 
 exercise ; exposure of the heated body to the cold air, etc. 
 
 Those who have exposed themselves to the destructive 
 habit of drinking to excess, are particularly liable to dis- 
 eases of the liver. 
 
 Tubercles, scirrhus hardness, and chronic inflamma- 
 tions are the changes which in general are produced in 
 this organ by this pernicious practice. 
 
 Symptoms, — The acute species of this complaint comes 
 on with a pain in the right side, extending up to the 
 shoulder, which is much increased by pressing upon the 
 part, and is accompanied with a dry, short, and frequent 
 cough, oppression of breathing, and difficulty of lying 
 on the left side, together with nausea and sickness, and 
 often with vomiting of bilious matter, tongue coated. 
 The urine is of a deep saffron color, and small in quanti- 
 ty ; there is loss of appetite, great thirst, and costive- 
 ness, with a strong, hard, and frequent pulse ; and when 
 the disease has continued for some days, the skin and 
 eyes become tinged of a deep yellow. 
 
300 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 The chronic species is usually accompanied with a 
 morbid complexion, loss of appetite and flesh, costive- 
 ness, indigestion, flatulency, pains in the stomach, a yel- 
 low tinge of the skin and eyes, clay-colored stools, high 
 colored urine, depositing a red sediment and ropy mucus ; 
 an obtuse pain in the region of the liver, extending to 
 the shoulder, and not unfrequently with a considerable 
 degree of asthma. 
 
 The symptoms are, however, often so mild and insig- 
 nificant as to pass almost unnoticed, as large abscesses 
 have been found in the liver upon dissection, which in 
 the person's lifetime had created little or no inconveni- 
 ence, and which may have been occasioned by some 
 previous inflammation. Hepatitis, like other inflamma- 
 tions, may end in resolution, suppuration, gangrene, or 
 scirrhus, but its termination in gangrene is a rare occur- 
 rence. Sometimes suppuration takes place, and the 
 matter is discharged by vomiting or purging. 
 
 Treatment — Indications of Cure. — As in all other in- 
 flammatory diseases, the first object will be to lessen the 
 determination of blood to the part inflamed, by equaliz- 
 ing the circulation, to effect which it will be necessary 
 to produce a free perspiration. The feet must be bathed 
 in warm water and ley, and a teaspoonful of the su- 
 dorific drops, in half a pint of an infusion of catnip, 
 must be given every hour or two until the pain ceases, 
 or perspiration is produced or promoted. The patient 
 must drink freely of balm or pennyroyal tea. Let 
 fomentations be applied warm to the side or over the 
 region of the liver. Should they not take off the tension 
 or afford relief, apply cayenne pepper and brandy, simmer- 
 ed a few minutes together. These may be applied often 
 and as warm as the patient can bear. A purgative may be 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE LIVER. 301 
 
 given daily while the acute symptoms continue. In this 
 disease vomiting is a very common symptom, to allay 
 which, give a little super-carbonate of potash, or salera- 
 tus, in peppermint water or tea, as often as the vomiting 
 returns. This will allay the irritability of the stomach. 
 Should not these applications mitigate the symptoms, ap- 
 ply the following plaster to the side : Take mustard, or 
 red cayenne pepper, equal parts ; Indian meal, a table- 
 spoonful ; vinegar sufficient to form a plaster or poultice 
 of suitable consistence; apply warm to the side, and 
 continue it as long as the patient can bear. I have oc- 
 casionally applied a blister in this disease, but I find that 
 mustard plasters do much better. Blisters should be 
 dispensed with, their effects always proving very trouble- 
 some, and not unfrequently serious. If the pain contin- 
 ues severe and prevents sleep, ten grains of the diapho- 
 retic powders may be given in currant j elly, roasted apple, 
 or any other convenient vehicle, every two hours, until 
 relief is afforded. Or, if there is much nausea, give the 
 anodyne powders. If the stomach continues to exhibit 
 a morbid state, which is sometimes the case from 
 sympathy, great relief will be found by giving a mild 
 emetic every other morning or evening ; this will stimu- 
 late the liver to healthy action when other means fail. 
 And should the disease be so obstinate as to resist the 
 above treatment, which with me has been invariably 
 successful, a few leeches may be applied, one application 
 of which is far better than many bleedings from the 
 arm. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 Neutralizing mixture may likewise be given. The 
 side should be well bathed daily with my All-Healing 
 Liniment, and the All-Healing and Strengthening Plas- 
 ter put on the side, and worn for a long time, and fre- 
 quently renewed. 
 
302 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Regimen. — The same regimen is to be observed in 
 this as in other inflammatory disorders. All heating 
 articles are to be totally avoided, and cool, diluting li- 
 quors, as whey, barley-water, etc., drank freely. The food 
 must be light and thin, and the body, as well as the 
 mind, kept easy and quiet. 
 
 chronic inflammation OF the liver. — {Liver Complaint) 
 
 Description. — Sometimes inflammation of the liver be- 
 comes chronic in its character, as before mentioned, aris- 
 ing from long continued intermittents, and other causes. 
 The symptoms are a dull pain in the right side and top 
 of the shoulder ; the stomach sometimes disordered ; yel- 
 low tinge of the skin, and often a swelling over the 
 region of the liver. 
 
 There is usually in this complaint dyspepsia, cough, 
 with slight expectoration, headache, lowness of spirits or 
 despondency, debility or weakness, flatulency, morbid 
 sensibility, great irritability, jaundice, gall stones, emacia- 
 tions, stools clay-colored, tongue coated, costiveness and 
 indigestion, urine pink colored, countenance sallow. 
 
 Treatment. — An emetic may be given occasionally, and 
 our common purgatives administered. Deobstruent 
 medicines must likewise be given, and none is better than 
 the hepatic pills. These soon remove the pain and ob- 
 struction, and will be found exceedingly valuable in liver 
 complaint. Give two or three at a dose, twice a day ; 
 apply the common Strengthening Plaster to the side, and 
 let it remain for several weeks. If the disease proves 
 obstinate, give a portion of Mandrake twice a week. 
 The cure of this complaint is generally slow, requiring 
 some time — six months or more. 
 
 Diet the same as in dyspepsia. — Dr. Beach. 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE BOWELS. 303 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE INTESTINES OR BOWELS. — (Enteritis.) 
 
 Description. — An inflammation of the mucus mem- 
 brane lining the intestines. This disease is characterized 
 by fever, fixed pains in the abdomen, costiveness, and 
 vomiting. 
 
 Causes. — An inflammation of the intestines is occa- 
 sioned by long continued costiveness, or hardened, fecu- 
 lent matter, lodged in some part of the tube ; by the 
 strangulation of a protruded portion of the gut in a 
 rupture ; by preceding colic ; eating unripe fruits, or 
 great quantity of nuts; and by scirrhous tumors of the 
 intestines or strictures. But the most frequent cause is 
 exposure to cold, particularly when applied to the lower 
 extremities or bowels, and occasionally by cold drink, 
 swallowed when the body is much heated by exercise. 
 
 Symptoms. — This dangerous and painful disease is 
 characterized by acute pain in the bowels, which is much 
 increased upon pressure, and shoots round the navel in a 
 twisting manner. There is obstinate costiveness, tension 
 of the belly, and the vomiting generally bilious, or dark 
 and foetid ; the urine is high colored, the pulse quick, 
 hard, and contracted, with some degree of febrile heat; 
 thirst, and great depression or loss of strength. The pa- 
 tient is constantly belching up wind, and in protracted 
 cases he even discharges excrements by the mouth ; the 
 motion of the intestines becoming inverted from there 
 being no passage downward. 
 
 Treatment. — Stimulating purgatives should be avoided 
 in this disease, as they are calculated to exasperate it. 
 The most cooling treatment and regimen must be follow- 
 ed. The feet should be frequently bathed in strong ley 
 
304 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 water, and warm fomentations applied to the abdomen. 
 An ounce or tablespoonfull of cold-pressed castor oil 
 may be given every two hours until it acts upon the 
 bowels, and afterwards administer as occasion requires. 
 Should not this operate as a laxative, administer our 
 common injection, to which add a teaspoonful of lauda- 
 num. 
 
 Administer this injection blood-warm with a French 
 syringe, to be repeated according to the urgency of the 
 symptoms. If the pain is severe, it may be given every 
 two hours. 
 
 To allay the irritation of the stomach and vomiting, 
 which not unfrequently attend this disease, as well as to 
 mitigate urgent symptoms, ten grains of the anodyne, 
 or diaphoretic powders, may be given every two hours 
 till relief is afforded, and a dose also given every night. 
 Bleeding and blisterisg are much resorted to in inflamma- 
 tion of the intestines, yet I have never known any bene- 
 fit derived from them, but, on the contrary, much injury. 
 Should not this treatment arrest the complaint in a short, 
 time, the following fomentation may be applied : Take 
 tansy, wormwood,' hoarhound, and hops ; boil all in 
 vinegar and water, then enclose them in a flannel or 
 muslin, apply to the abdomen and change them often. 
 Should vomiting be a predominant symptom, the follow- 
 ing preparation may be given: infusion of spearmint, 
 half a pint; saleratus, a teaspoonful; give a tablespoonful 
 every hour. 
 
 The inflammation sometimes is so great that the pas- 
 sage of the bowels seems closed, so that nothing will 
 pass them. Should this be the case, and should not the 
 means already prescribed prove effectual, the patient may 
 be put in a warm bath, and occasionally repeated. 
 
INFLAMMATION OP THE KIDNEXS. 305 
 
 Should the swelling, inflammation, or pain continue after 
 the above treatment, let a mustard plaster be applied to 
 the bowels and kept on till the skin is reddened, and the 
 anodyne powders given every two hours. Give, also, 
 senna and manna, to which may be added a teaspoonful 
 of epsom salts. In very urgent cases a few leeches may 
 be applied to the bowels. 
 
 Regimen. — The regimen in this disease should by no 
 means be stimulating, but the reverse. The most cooling, 
 demulcent, and diluting, such as slippery elm. — Dr. 
 Beach. 
 
 To the above treatment of Dr. B., (which is good,) I 
 wish to add, that I once had a most severe attack of in- 
 flammation of the bowels, and after resorting to all the 
 prevailing prescriptions for the disease, and finding no 
 benefit, I concluded to have my abdomen thoroughly 
 bathed with my All-Healing Liniment, and then had a 
 poultice made of bitter herbs, thickened with bran, as 
 hot as could be borne, applied all over the region of 
 the bowels. By prompt attention to the above treatment 
 for several days and nights, I soon found that the in- 
 flammation was subsiding, and I rapidly recovered. — 
 During the first stages, the pain in the bowels was most 
 intense, agonizing. I drank a weak ley made from 
 hickory ashes, and found a decided benefit therefrom. 
 The poultice was often renewed. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS. — (Nephritis.) 
 
 Description. — Inflammation of the kidneys is known by 
 fever, pain in the region of the kidneys, and shooting 
 along the course of the ureter ; drawing up of the testi- 
 cles, numbness of the thigh, vomiting, urine high color- 
 20 
 
306 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ed and frequently discharged, costiveness, and colic pains. 
 It is symptomatic of calculus, gout, etc. 
 
 Causes. — The causes which produce this complaint are 
 external contusions, strains of the back, acids conveyed 
 to the kidneys in the course of the circulation, vio- 
 lent and severe exercise either in riding or walking, 
 calculous concretions lodged in the kidneys or uterus, 
 and exposure to cold. In some habits there is an evi- 
 dent predisposition to this complaint, particularly the 
 gouty, and in these there are often translations of the 
 matter to the kidneys. 
 
 Symptoms. — This disorder is characterized by an acute, 
 pungent, or, more frequently, an obtuse or dull pain in 
 the region of the kidneys, shooting along the course of 
 the uterers, or ducts, which convey the urine from them 
 into the bladder; pain also in the small of the back, to- 
 gether with a fever, and frequent discharge of urine 
 which is small in quantity, red, and high colored; yet 
 in the highest degree of the disease, watery and limped, 
 the thigh feels benumbed, and there is a pain in the 
 groin and testicle of the same side, together with a re- 
 action. There are, moreover, continual eructations, with 
 bilious vomiting, debility, etc. This disease sometimes 
 assumes a chronic form, known by heat, pain, etc., over 
 the loins. 
 
 Treatment. — The first object to accomplish is to relax 
 the system by producing perspiration. If the pain be 
 violent, apply over the seat of the disease the following 
 fomentation of bitter herbs : Take hops and wormwood, 
 equal parts, simmer in vinegar and water, apply warm, 
 and renew often. The^diuretic drops may be given to 
 diminish the inflammation of the kidneys, to promote 
 the urinary discharge, etc.; give a teaspoonful three or 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE KIDNEYS. 307 
 
 four times through the day, in one or two teaspoonsful 
 of the mucilage of gum arabic. At the same time give 
 through the day a decoction of marsh-mallows, parsley, 
 mint, or slippery-elm tea; make a strong decoction, 
 drink freely and warm. This promotes the discharge of 
 urine and allays irritation. It will be necessary, if the 
 patient be of a costive habit, to give a purgative every 
 day or two, according to the violence of the disease. 
 Sometimes spasms arise from irritation of gravel passing 
 the ureters ; when this is the case an opium pill or pow- 
 ders, containing two or three grains, may be administer- 
 ed every two hours until relief is afforded, and the patient 
 may be put into a warm bath ; this usually affords great 
 and sudden relief. A teaspoonful or two of spirits of nitre 
 in a gill of mint tea is very beneficial. Equal parts of 
 spirits of mint and spirits of nitre, mixed, and given 
 often in half-tablespoonful doses, is an excellent rem- 
 edy. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 When the disease is chronic, and there is pain in the 
 small of the back, etc., let the part affected be bathed 
 with my All-Healing Liniment. This should, by all means, 
 be got, as it will penetrate the kidneys if freely applied. 
 But if it is not at hand, use the following : Red pepper 
 or cayenne, one ounce ; alcohol, one pint; bathe the parts 
 two or three times a day, and use the drops mentioned 
 above. In the course of a few days, or when the in- 
 flammation has measurably subsided, apply a strengthen- 
 ing plaster to the back. 
 
 Vomiting. — Should the disease be attended with vom- 
 iting, which is often the case, give saleratus ; one tea- 
 spoonful may be dissolved in half a pint of cold water ; 
 a tablespoonful given as often as vomiting takes place. 
 At the same time give an infusion or tea of peppermint. 
 
308 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Regimen. — Everything of a heating or stimulating na- 
 ture is to be avoided. The food must be thin and light, 
 as panado, Indian gruel, with mild vegetables, mint tea, 
 drank freely. Emollient and thin liquors must be plenti- 
 fully drank, as pennyroyl tea, sweetened mith honey, 
 decoctions of marsh-mallow roots, and other diuretic 
 plants, with barley, etc. Let the feet be often bathed. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE BLADDER. — (Cistitis.) 
 
 Description. — This disease is characterized by pain in 
 the region of the bladder, attended with fever and hard 
 pulse, frequent painful discharges of urine, with suppres- 
 sion and general tenesmus. 
 
 Causes. — It is occasioned by an improper use of acid 
 medicines, (such as cantharides,) inflammation extending 
 along the urinary channel, permanent or spasmodic 
 strictures, local irritation from the lodgment of a stone, 
 hardened feces, or a diseased state of the prostate gland, 
 and mechanical injury, as well as by all the usual causes 
 of inflammation. 
 
 Symptoms. — Where this disease exists, an acute pain 
 and some degree of tension at the bottom of the belly, 
 with a constant desire to make water, a difficulty in 
 voiding it, or total stoppage, a frequent inclination to 
 go to stool, much uneasiness and heat, a general febrile 
 disposition, a frequent and hard pulse, sickness and 
 vomiting, not unfrequently attend. It sometimes be- 
 comes chronic, and is very afflicting. There is a frequent 
 desire to urinate, and a discharge of mucus or blood. 
 
 Treatment. — We must employ similar means in this 
 disease as in the inflammation of the kidneys. The tepid 
 or warm bath may be employed morning and evening. 
 
SMALL-POX. 309 
 
 The diuretic drops must be given ; also, mint and barley 
 tea. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 Spirits of mint and spirits of nitre, equal parts, may 
 be given every two hours, in half a tumbler of herb tea 
 or water, as in inflammation of the kidneys. Fomenta- 
 tions of bitter herbs must also be applied over the region 
 of the bladder. The patient should abstain from every 
 thing that is of a hot, acrid, and stimulating quality, 
 and should live on gruels and mild vegetables. Purga- 
 tives must also be administered. 
 
 In the chronic form, I have seen great benefit derived 
 from repeated purgatives, and a blister occasionally ap- 
 plied on the pubis or lower part of the bladder. Take 
 also the teas of burdock, wild carrot, wild parsley seed, 
 dandelion, cleavers, and pennyroyal. Diet the same as 
 above. 
 
 small-pox. — ( Variola.) 
 
 Description. — Small pox is a disease of a very contagi- 
 ous nature, marked by a fever which is usually inflam- 
 matory, but now and then is of a typhoid nature, at- 
 tended with vomiting ; and, upon pressure of the stomach, 
 with pain, succeeded after a few days by an eruption of 
 red pimples on different parts of the body, which, in the 
 course of time, suppurate and scab, and at length fall off, 
 leaving frequently behind them little pits in the skin, 
 and, in severe cases, scars. It has been estimated that, 
 before the introduction of vaccination, 450,000 individuals 
 died annually of small-pox in Europe. 
 
 Causes. — Both the distinct and confluent small-pox ar^ 
 produced either by breathing air impregnated with the 
 effluvia arising from the bodies of those who labor under 
 
310 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the disease, or by the introduction of a small quantity 
 of variolous matter into the habit by inocculation ; and 
 it is probable that the variety of the small-pox is not 
 owing to any difference in the contagion, but depends on 
 the state of the person to whom it is applied, or on cer- 
 tain circumstances concurring with the application of it. 
 On and after the sixth day, the infection is communicated 
 to another. The period during which infection remains 
 latent in the body, is from the fifth day to the sixteenth, 
 seventeenth, and even the twenty-third. The disease 
 may be communicated from the mother to the child. In 
 some cases, the body of the child at its birth has been 
 covered with pustules, and the nature of the disease has 
 been most satisfactorily ascertained by inocculating with 
 matter taken from these pustules. In other cases, there 
 has been no appearance of the disease at the time of the 
 birth. 
 
 Symptoms. — Of this disease there are two species, the 
 distinct and confluent. In the distinct small-pox, the 
 disease begins within an inflammatory fever. It gen- 
 erally comes on with some symptoms of a cold stage, 
 and commonly with a considerable languor and drawsi- 
 ness. A hot stage is soon formed, and becomes more 
 considerable on the second and third days. During this 
 course, children are liable to frequent startings from 
 their slumbers, and adults, if they are kept in bed, are 
 disposed to much sweating. On the third day, children 
 are sometimes affected with one or two epileptic fits. 
 Towards the end of the third day the eruption com- 
 monly appears, and gradually increases during the fourth, 
 appearing first on the face, and successively on the infe- 
 rior parts, so as to be completed over the whole body on 
 the fifth day. From the third day the fever abates, and 
 by the fifth, it entirely ceases. 
 
SMALL-POX. 311 
 
 The eruption appears at first in small red spots, hardly 
 prominent, but by degrees rising into pimples. There 
 are generally but few on the face, but even when more 
 numerous they are separate and distinct from one another. 
 On the fifth or sixth day, a small vesicle or bladder, con- 
 taining an almost colorless fluid, appears on the top of 
 each pimple. For two days the vesicles increase in 
 breadth only, and there is a small pit in the middle, so 
 that they are not raised to globular pustules or eruptions 
 till the eighth day. These pustules, from their first 
 formation, continue to be surrounded with a circular in- 
 flamed margin, which, when they are numerous, diffuses 
 some inflammation over the neighboring skin, so as to 
 give somewhat of a damask rose color to the spaces be- 
 tween the pustules. As the pustules increase in size, the 
 face swells considerably, if they are numerous on it, and 
 the eyelids particularly are so much swelled that the eyes 
 are entirely shut. As the disease proceeds, the matter 
 in the pustules becomes by degrees, first more opaque or 
 cloudy, then white, and at length assumes a yellowish 
 color. On the eleventh day, the swelling of the face is 
 abated, and the pustules seem quite full. On the top of 
 each, a darker spot appears, and at this place the pustule 
 on the eleventh day, or soon after, is spontaneously 
 broken, and a portion of the matter oozes out, in conse- 
 quence of which the pustule is shriveled and subsides, 
 while the matter oozes out, dries, and forms a crust upon 
 its surface. Sometimes only a little of the matter issues 
 out, and what remains in the pustules becomes thick 
 and even hard. After some days, both the crust and 
 the hardened pustules fall off, leaving the skin which 
 they covered of a brownish red color ; nor does it resume 
 its natural color till many days after. In some cases, 
 
312 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 where the matter of the pustules has "been more liquid, 
 the crust formed by it are later iu falling off. On the 
 legs and hands the matter is frequently absorbed, so that 
 at the hight of the disease these pustules appear empty. 
 
 On the tenth and eleventh days, as the swelling of the 
 face subsides, a swelling arises in the hands and feet, but 
 which again subsides as the pustules come to maturity. 
 "When the pustules are numerous on the face, upon the 
 sixth or seventh day, some uneasiness in the throat, with a 
 hoarseness in the voice, comes on, and a thin liquid is 
 poured out from the mouth. These symptoms increase 
 with the swelling of the face, and the liquids of the 
 mouth and throat, becoming thicker, are with difficulty 
 thrown out, and there is, at the same time, some diffi- 
 culty in swallowing, so that liquids taken into the mouth 
 are frequently rejected or thrown out by the nose. But 
 all these affections are abated as the swelling of the face 
 subsides. 
 
 The more exactly the disease retains the form of a 
 distinct kind, it is the safer, and the more completely the 
 disease takes the form of the confluent kind, it is the 
 more dangerous. It is only when the distinct kind shows 
 a great number of pustules on the face, or otherwise, by 
 fever or putrescency approaching the circumstances of 
 the confluent, that the distinct kind is attended with any 
 danger. 
 
 There is not much danger in the mild distinct small- 
 pox, except when the patient is extremely loaded, especi- 
 ally about the head and throat. This disease sometimes 
 lays the foundation of consumption and obstinate in- 
 flammation of the eyes, and frequently by removing 
 complaints that existed before, it improves the health 
 and constitution. 
 
SMALL-POX. 313 
 
 Confluent Species. — In the confluent small-pox, all the 
 symptoms above mentioned are much more severe. The 
 eruptive fever, particularly, is more violent, the pulse 
 is more frequent and more contracted. The drowsiness 
 is more considerable, and there is frequently a deliri- 
 um. Vomiting also generally attends,especially at the 
 beginning of the disease. In very young infants, 
 epileptic fits are sometimes frequent on the first days 
 .of the disease, and sometimes prove fatal before any 
 eruption appears, or they usher in a very confluent and 
 putrid small-pox. The eruption appears more clearly 
 on the third day, and sometimes in clusters) like the 
 measles. 
 
 In the confluent species of small-pox, the vesicles or 
 eruptions all flow or run together, and the whole face and 
 other parts assume a black and crusty appearance. The 
 effluvia is very offensive, and I have seen worms or 
 maggots crawling in the flesh, and yet the patient has 
 recovered. This disease generally terminates favorably 
 under proper treatment, except where the subject of it 
 is intemperate, in which case it proves very dangerous 
 or fatal. In this kind of small-pox there is often a very 
 considerable putrescency of the fluids, as appears from 
 pretechiae, serous, or watery vesicles, under which the 
 skin shows a disposition to gangrene, or mortification, 
 and from bloody urine or other hemorrhages, all which 
 symptoms frequently attend this disease. 
 
 In the confluent small-pox, also, the fever, which had 
 only suffered a remission from the eruption to the matu- 
 ration, at or immediately after this period, is frequently 
 renewed again with considerable violence. This is what 
 has been called the secondary fever, and is of various du- 
 ration and event. 
 
314 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 In the confluent kind the danger is always considera- 
 ble, and the more violent and permanent the fever is, the 
 greater the danger, and especially in proportion to the 
 increase of the symptoms of putrescency. When the 
 putrid disposition is very great, the disease sometimes 
 proves fatal before the eighth day, but in most cases 
 death happens on the eleventh, and sometimes not till 
 the fourteenth or seventeenth day. Though the small- 
 pox may not prove immediately fatal, the more violent , 
 kinds are often followed by a morbid state of the body, 
 sometimes of very dangerous event. 
 
 Treatment — Indication of Cure. — The object of the 
 physician in this disease, as it ought to be in every other, 
 should be to aid the salutary efforts of nature in elemi- 
 nating or expelling the morbific or variolous poison. 
 
 1. If the powers of nature are sufficient, to expel it, 
 such medicines must be given as will produce this effect. 
 
 2. If, on the other hand, there is too great an excite- 
 ment in the system, or too much fever, it must be moder- 
 ated. 
 
 3. Counteract a tendency to putrescency. 
 
 When called in the commencement of small -pox, it 
 will be found necessary to treat it in a considerable de- 
 gree on general principles, having in view at the same 
 time, particular symptoms, such as vomiting. For such 
 is the similarity between eruptive and febrile diseases, 
 that it is sometimes difficult to discriminate between 
 them, and if the symptoms are ever so well marked, a 
 very similar course of treatment is called for in both 
 complaints. 
 
 . Should vomiting be predominant, such medicine must 
 be given as will allay the irritability of the stomach, and 
 the best for this will be the bicarbonate of potash, or 
 
SMALL-POX. 315 
 
 saleratus, given as has been previously directed, to be 
 accompanied with an infusion or tea of spearmint. 
 When this is allayed administer a purgative. After the 
 stomach and bowels have been cleansed, attention must 
 be directed to the skin ; such medicine must be given as 
 will produce gentle, not profuse, perspiration. This must 
 be kept up moderately throughout the whole course of 
 the disease. 
 
 The following infusion may be given : Take of saffron 
 and catnip equal parts, make a tea and give it warm. 
 This will soon produce a moisture of the skin, and assist 
 nature to expel the eruptions. It will be indispensably 
 necessary to immerse the feet in warm ley water, to be 
 repeated once or twice daily. The surface must be en- 
 tirely bathed with the same liquid, and repeated as often. 
 
 Should the reaction or febrile excitement be too great, 
 it must be moderated by attention to all the secretions 
 and excretions. Purgatives and sudorifics are the princi- 
 pal class of medicines to fulfill this indication. Should 
 the heat be great, let the body be bathed in warm water, 
 notwithstanding the eruptions. Attention must be paid 
 to particular symptoms, such as pain in the head, deli- 
 rium, sore throat, etc. For pain in the head, in addition 
 to bathing the feet, which alone is often sufficient to re- 
 move it, let a mustard poultice or plaster be applied to 
 the bottom of the feet. The head may likewise be 
 bathed with equal parts of rain water, spirits, and vine- 
 gar, and applied tepid. For soreness of the throat, and 
 accumulation of mucus and phlegm in the bronchial ves- 
 sels, give one or two teaspoonfuls of the expectorant 
 tincture, to be repeated occasionally. The throat may 
 also be gurgled with a decoction of equal parts of sage 
 and hyssop, sweetened with honey, and a little borax 
 
316 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 added. When there is a great tendency to putrescency 
 in the fluids, give a wine glass of yeast three or four 
 times a day. Sometimes there is a sinking or great 
 prostration of strength ; when this is the case, wine whey 
 may be given, and buttermilk, moderately acrid. Also, 
 quinine, or Peruvian bark. 
 
 During the complaint there is great restlessness or 
 pain, want of sleep, etc. For such symptoms, as well as 
 to keep up a determination to the surface without in- 
 creasing the heat of the body, give ten grains of the 
 diaphoretic powders, and particularly at bed time; at the 
 same time a weak infusion of the Virginia snake-root 
 may be given. In consequence of debility, it is some- 
 times the case that the vesicles or eruptions are flabby or 
 not well filled, showing, evidently, that the variolous 
 matter is retained in the system. Under such circum- 
 stances, a more stimulating course of treatment must 
 be pursued. 
 
 A teaspoonful of the sweating drops must be given in half 
 a pint of catnip tea, and after giving this, should not the 
 pox became fuller and more healthy, give milk punch, to 
 be continued until an improvement is perceptible. "When 
 the eruptions suddenly subside, or, as it is familiarly ex- 
 pressed, strike in, or in other words, when there is a 
 a recession of them before they have arrived at maturity, 
 the danger is very great. Should such symptoms occur, 
 the same treatment as last mentioned must be promptly 
 and rigidly pursued, in addition to which a tea made of 
 equal parts of saffron and snake-root may be freely given. 
 
 The most dangerous period of the small-pox is when 
 a secondary fever appears, which generally commences 
 when the disease begins to blacken or turn. Most of 
 those who fall victims to the small-pox are carried off by 
 
SMALL-POX. 317 
 
 this fever, and often, it appears to me, for the want of 
 proper treatment. Nature often attempts, at the turn of 
 the small-pox, to relieve the patient by diarrhoea, and 
 did physicians take this hint they would know what to 
 prescribe. "We learn from this fact that the secondary 
 fever arises from the absorption of the variolous matter, 
 and that there would be little or none were nature prop- 
 erly aided in her attempts to carry off the complaint. 
 Therefore, her kind endeavors must be promoted. When 
 the eruptions are thrown to the surface, and the disease 
 begins to turn, the patient must be freely purged, where- 
 as, previous to this period, a cathartic occasionally ad- 
 ministered is sufficient. 
 
 Our common physic is the best preparation that can 
 be given in both species. Sometimes infants are affected 
 with convulsions before the eruptions appear. There is 
 no occasion for alarm in this case. All that is necessa- 
 ry to be done is to bathe the feet in warm water, and give 
 warm, diluent drinks, such as balm, mint, or cat niptea, etc. 
 
 This treatment is designed for both the distinct and 
 confluent species. The only difference in the treatment 
 is, that in the latter a more active course of treatment is 
 called for. 
 
 Regimen. — During the eruptive fever the patient must 
 be kept cool and easy, and weak, diluting infusions giv- 
 en, such as mint, balm, and catnip tea, and if the patient 
 is very thirsty and the eruptions well out, give also 
 lemonade, currant jelly, and toast water. 
 
 His nourishment should be barley water, Indian meal 
 gruel, buttermilk and water, roasted apples, ripe fruit, 
 and particularly mush or hasty pudding. There should 
 be a current of air in the room, but must not be suffered 
 to come in direct contact with the patient. 
 
318 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 The temperature of the room should be uniform, 
 neither too hot nor too cold. Great attention ought to 
 be paid to cleanliness. As soon as anything passes the 
 bowels it should be immediately removed, and vinegar 
 thrown upon a heated brick or other substances. The 
 linen and clothes should be often changed, and all noise 
 and confusion, as far as possible, prevented. 
 
 Various means have been recommended to prevent the 
 pitting which attends the small-pox, such as opening the 
 pustules, and the application of lunar costic, but it is 
 very questionable whether any benefit arises from this 
 practice, or any other of a similar nature. 
 
 Nothing is better to diminish the inflammation and 
 pitting of the face, as well as to mitigate the inflamma- 
 tion of the eyes, than a poultice made of the superfine 
 flour of the slippery elm. The eruptions, if very large 
 and full of matter, attended with great irritation, may 
 be punctured, the fluid let out, and sprinkled with the 
 dry flour of slippery elm. 
 
 The above treatment I have found invariably success- 
 ful in small-pox, never having lost a single case where I 
 have been called in any reasonable time. It carries the 
 patient safely and shortly through the worst species of 
 the disease, while the course pursued by the physicians 
 generally, such as bleeding, mercury, and cold applica- 
 tions, is attended with the most distressing or fatal 
 effects. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 cow-pox, or vaccine disease. — (Vaccina.) 
 
 It has been demonstrated that the cow-pox or vaccina- 
 tion is in most cases an antidote against the small-pox. 
 It either prevents it entirely, or modifies the violence 
 
cow-pox. 319 
 
 of it. "When this does not prove to be the case, it is to 
 be presumed the vaccine matter has not been genuine, 
 or has not been taken at a proper period. In all cases 
 where a scar or mark remains after vaccination, it may 
 be considered a proof that the matter has made the de- 
 sired impression on the system. It is prudent, however, 
 to vaccinnate again with cow or small-pox, and it will 
 generally be found, if the first has been genuine, that 
 the pustule forms imperfectly or is spurious. Some have 
 supposed that after a term of years, cow-pox looses its 
 efficacy, and the system again becomes liable to the 
 small-pox, but there is no satisfactory evidence of this. 
 The following circumstances are deserving of atten- 
 tion in inocculating for the cow-pox, and substituting 
 this mild and safe disease for that dangerous and pesti- 
 lential one, the small-pox : 
 
 1. That the matter with which we inocculate be not 
 taken later in the disease than the ninth day, and from 
 a healthy person. 
 
 2. That the fluid be perfectly transparent, as it is not 
 to be depended upon when it has in any degree become 
 opaque. 
 
 3. That the matter taken should be allowed to dry 
 gradually and thoroughly before it is laid by for use, 
 when not employed immediately or in its fluid state. 
 
 4. That the punctures with the besmeared lancet or 
 powdered scab, which lasts any length of time, be done 
 as superficially as possible, and only one be made in the 
 same arm. 
 
 Here it may be proper to remark, that the inoccula- 
 tion for this disease will not be likely to succeed well if 
 there be any herpetic eruption on the skin. If the in- 
 flammation of the arm be very great, apply a slippery elm 
 poultice. 
 
320 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 In many instances, as has been already stated, vaccin- 
 nation protects the system completely against infections 
 from small-pox contagion. In other cases, the system is 
 only partially freed from liability to the variolous infec- 
 tion. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 CHICKEN AND SWLNE-POX. 
 
 Description. — These diseases are the same, and differ 
 only in name. 
 
 Symptoms. — The eruptions make their appearance, in 
 many instances, without any previous illness ; in others 
 they are preceded by a slight degree of chilliness, lassi- 
 tude, cough, interrupted sleep, wandering pains, loss of 
 appetite, and a febrile disposition for three or four days. 
 Most of the eruptions are of the common size of those 
 of the small-pox, but they are not numerous nor con- 
 fluent. On the first day they are red, and much resemble 
 in their appearance the small-pox. On the second day 
 the red pimples have become small vesicles, containing a 
 colorless fluid, but sometimes a yellowish liquor. On 
 the third the pustules arrive at full maturity, and in 
 some instances so much resemble the small-pox as to be 
 distinguished with difficulty. When the little bladder is 
 broken by accident or rubbing, as sometimes happens on 
 the first or second day, there forms a thin scab, and the 
 swelling of the other part abates without its ever being 
 converted into proper matter, as it is in the small-pox. 
 The few which escape being burst, have the little drop 
 of fiuid contained in the vesicle at the top of them, turn 
 yellow and thick, and it dries into a scab. On the fifth 
 day of the eruption, the pustules are almost dried and 
 covered with a slight crust, but no mark is left behind 
 when this falls off. 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 
 
 321 
 
 Treatment and Regimen. — The complaint is usually of so 
 trivial a nature as seldom to require the aid of medicine; 
 but should the febrile symptoms run high previous to the 
 appearance of the eruption, or after it has shown itself, 
 it may be advisable to give the patient some cooling 
 medicine from time to time, drinking plentifully of herb 
 tea, and keeping the bowels open, if necessary, by some 
 gentle aperient medicine. 
 
 After the disappearance of the eruption, one or two 
 doses of any mild purgative may be administered, with 
 an interval of three or four days between each. — Dr. 
 Beach. 
 
 inflammation of the lungs. — {Pneumonia.) 
 
 Description. — When the mucous membrane lining the 
 lungs, or the substance of the lungs, are inflamed, it is 
 termed pneumonia, or an inflammation of the lungs. 
 When any part of the contents of the thorax is inflamed, 
 it is termed by some pneumonia ; by some peripneumony. 
 This disease attacks all classes, and is extremely prev- 
 alent. 
 
 Causes. — The most general cause of this disease is the 
 application of cold to the body, which gives a check to 
 the perspiration, and determines a great flow of blood to 
 the lungs. It attacks principally those of a robust con- 
 stitution and plethoric habit, and occurs most frequently 
 in the winter season and spring of the year; but it may 
 arise in either of the other seasons, when there are sud- 
 den vicissitudes from heat to cold. 
 
 Other causes, such as violent exertions in singing, 
 speaking, or playing on wind instruments, by producing 
 an increased action of the lungs, have been known to 
 21 
 
322 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 occasion inflammation of this organ. Those who have 
 labored under a former attack of this complaint are 
 much predisposed to returns of it. 
 
 Symptoms. — Inflammation of the lungs comes on with 
 an obtuse pain in the chest or side, great difficulty of 
 breathing, (particularly in a recumbent position, or when 
 lying on the side affected,) together with a cough, dry- 
 ness of the skin, heat, anxiety, and thirst. At the first 
 commencement of the disease, the pulse is usually full, 
 strong, hard, and frequent; but in a more advanced 
 stage, it is commonly weak, soft, and often irregular. In the 
 beginning, the cough is frequently dry and without expec- 
 toration ; but in some cases it is moist, even from the first, 
 and the matter spit up is various, both in color and in 
 consistence, and is often streaked with blood. 
 
 If relief is not afforded in time, and the inflammation 
 proceeds with such violence as to produce suffocation, 
 the vessels of the neck will become turgid and swelled ; 
 the face will alter to a purple color ; an effusion of blood 
 will take place into the cellular substance of the lungs, 
 so as to impede the circulation through that organ, and 
 the patient will soon be deprived of life. 
 
 If these violent symptoms do not arise, and the proper 
 means of subduing the inflammation have either been 
 neglected or have proved ineffectual, although adopted 
 at an early period of the disease, a suppuration may 
 ensue, which event is to be known by frequent slight 
 shiverings, and an abatement of the pain and sense of 
 fullness in the part, and by the patient being able to lie 
 on the side which was affected, without experiencing 
 great uneasiness. 
 
 When pneumonia proves fatal, it is generally by an 
 effusion of blood taking place in the cellular texture of 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS. 323 
 
 the lungs, so as to occasion suffocation, which usually 
 happens between the third and seventh days ; but it may 
 likewise prove fatal, by terminating either in suppura- 
 tion or gangrene. 
 
 When it goes off by resolution, some very evident 
 evacuation always attends it ; such as a great flow of 
 urine, with a copious sediment, diarrhoea, a sweat diffused 
 over the whole body, or a hemorrhage from the nose ; 
 but the evacuation which most frequently terminates the 
 complaint, and which does it with the greatest effect, is 
 a free and copious expectoration of thick white or yel- 
 low matter, slightly streaked with blood; and by this 
 the disease is carried off generally in the course of ten 
 or twelve days. 
 
 Treatment. — Indications of Cure. — The most prompt 
 means should be used to reduce the inflammation and 
 remove the disease, by resolution or by preventing sup- 
 puration. 
 
 In consequence of the vicissitudes of our atmosphere, 
 this disease (inflammation of the lungs) is the greatest 
 scourge of this country. It proves more fatal than the 
 yellow fever, or any other epidemic — if not immediately, 
 by its subsequent effects upon the system. 
 
 It is the practice universally among physicians to bleed 
 in this as well as other inflammatory diseases ; but I 
 have invariably succeeded in treating the worst species of 
 the complaint without ever having drawn one drop of 
 the vital fluid; notwithstanding it is asserted by authors 
 that the most dangerous consequences result from the 
 neglect of bleeding. I know by experience that the dis- 
 ease is cured much sooner, and without endangering the 
 life or health of the patient. The lives of thousands 
 have been destroyed by the use of the lancet in this and 
 other diseases. 
 
324 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 In this, as well as other diseases, it will be necessary, 
 in the incipient or first stage of inflammation of the 
 lungs, to produce free and copious perspiration, by ad- 
 ministering sudorific medicines; and a very excellent 
 method to answer this purpose is, to steam the patient 
 over bitter herbs, as mentioned in other parts of this 
 work, or by making use of the vapor bath. This may 
 be resorted to if the strength of the patient will enable 
 him to sit up ; otherwise, the sudorific or sweating drops 
 may be given in the usual manner, until the patient per- 
 spires freely for several hours, and this must be continued 
 moderately until the infiammation has subsided. This 
 single operation will divert the blood from the lungs and 
 prevent congestion, lessen the febrile excitement by 
 equalizing the circulation, remove the pain, and favor 
 expectoration. "When the patient has recovered from 
 the operation of free perspiration, a purgative may be 
 given, and occasionally repeated during the disease. 
 When the arterial action has diminished, mild emetics 
 may be administered; they generally produce immediate 
 relief from the oppression of the chest, cause a determi- 
 nation to the skin as well as a free expectoration. They 
 expel the viscid mucus which fills the air cells of the 
 lungs, restore respiration, and thereby increase the 
 strength of the system. These may be repeated as often 
 as the circumstances of the case justify. The emetic 
 powder is the best medicine that can be administered. 
 
 It will be found very serviceable to inhale the steam of 
 bitter herbs : the tension of the lungs is thus removed, 
 and mucus expectorated with more freedom ; and these 
 may be repeated frequently through the day. "When the 
 arterial excitement has diminished, should the cough 
 prove troublesome, one or two teaspoonsful of the syrup 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE LUNGS 325 
 
 of poppy or paregoric may be given. If these should 
 not allay the cough sufficiently, give ten grains of dia- 
 phoretic powders at bed-time, until rest or sleep is pro- 
 cured ; to be repeated every night, if necessary. 
 
 Expectorants. — If there is much accumulation of mu- 
 cus, oppression at the chest, cough, etc., difficulty of 
 breathing and expectoration, give the expectorant tinc- 
 ture, or syrup of ipecac. 
 
 These preparations have the effect of lessening all the 
 symptoms of the complaint. They are expectorant, dia- 
 phoretic, etc. 
 
 Mustard Plasters. — "When the inflammation is very 
 acute and the symptoms violent, a mustard plaster may 
 be applied on the chest, till the skin becomes reddened ; 
 and when the inflammation has in some degree subsided, 
 should the cough continue, use the cough powders. An 
 infusion of hoarhound and boneset may be used through 
 the day, sweetened with honey. 
 
 I once attended a case of inflammation of the lungs, 
 in which the paroxysms of coughing were so severe and 
 protracted, that I was baffled with all my usual means. 
 The cough powders gave immediate relief, and, with 
 other appropriate treatment, the patient recovered. I 
 have ever since used the same invariably with success. 
 
 The patient may drink an infusion of flax-seed, bran, 
 and slippery elm. These, by their demulcent properties, 
 will be found singularly beneficial. Lemon juice may be 
 added, and it may be sweetened. 
 
 It will be particularly necessary, in the acute stage of 
 this disease, to avoid the use of pectorals, syrup, and 
 such medicines as possess bracing or tonic properties, ex- 
 cept in conjunction with depletive means. 
 
•326 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 The inflammation must be in some degree first sub- 
 dued, before these can be administered with a good 
 effect. 
 
 The feet must be daily immersed in warm ley water, 
 fifteen or twenty minutes at a time ; and, when removed, 
 wipe dry, and sinapisms applied at night. 
 
 Should the pulse continue full, tense, and hard, after 
 the patient has submitted to this treatment, or should 
 not the inflammation gradually subside, then give the 
 tincture of fox glove (digitalis) ; fifteen or twenty drops 
 may be given morning, noon, evening, and at bed-time, 
 in any kind of tea. 
 
 This plant increases the discharge of urine, and thereby 
 lessens inflammation. It lessens the circulation through 
 the lungs, by diminishing the action of the heart and ar- 
 teries, and is thus attended with a very favorable effect. 
 
 A purgative must be administered every day or two, 
 according to the obstinancy or violence of the disease. 
 It has a tendency to lessen inflammation. 
 
 Pectorals. — Should the cough continue obstinate, or 
 should it remain troublesome after the other symptoms 
 have subsided, give the pulmonary syrup or balsam. In 
 very severe cases, I have applied a blister to the chest. — 
 Dr. Beach. 
 
 I recently attended a patient with inflammation of the 
 lungs, so severe that I was fearful that he could never 
 recover. I gave occasionally an emetic and a mandrake 
 purgative, with my Pulmonic Syrup, under which he 
 gradually grew better, until he recovered. 
 
 The syrup of blood-root is also a very good medicine 
 in this and all other bronchial affections ; and likewise 
 the Balm of Grilead. 
 
colic. 327 
 
 The diet, as in all other inflammatory diseases, should 
 be light and cooling. 
 
 COLIC. 
 
 Description. — Colic is characterized by great pain in 
 the bowels, seated principally in the umbilical region, 
 extending to the stomach, accompanied with nausea, 
 retching or vomiting, and often a spasmodic contraction 
 of the muscles of the abdomen. Several species are 
 enumerated : 
 
 1st. Flatulent Colic, when there is costiveness, grip- 
 ing in the bowels, a rumbling noise, distension of the 
 stomach, pain severe, with an inclination to vomit. 
 
 2nd. Hysteric Colic, when there is nausea and sickness 
 at the stomach, severe spasms, costiveness, depletion of 
 spirits, etc. 
 
 3rd. Bilious Colic, when there is a bitter taste in the 
 mouth, thirst, febrile heat, a vomiting of bilious matter, 
 and costiveness. 
 
 4th. Painters' Colic, occasioned by the absorption of 
 lead. 
 
 This disease is called colic, from its being more derect- 
 ly seated in the intestines called the colon, than any 
 other. 
 
 Treatment. — I never use anything but the Liniment, 
 both externally and internally, and give assafoedita freely ; 
 and so far I have never seen it fail to cure in a short 
 time. When these complaints have been of long dura- 
 tion or badly managed, it requires more time and atten- 
 tion, and then it is frequently necessaiy to give larger 
 doses. Bathe first well with the Liniment and ley 
 water; and in some cases, when the cramp is in the 
 stomach, I give the Spasmodic Tincture. But I have 
 
328 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 always depended more on the Liniment in cramp and 
 colic than all other medicines put together, and it seldom 
 ever fails affording speedy relief. All who are subject 
 to attacks of these complaints should carry the Liniment 
 with them, and every family should keep it on hand, as I 
 am very well satisfied that no remedy can be found to 
 excel it in relieving these complaints. 
 
 DROPSY. 
 
 There are various classes of this disease, and to notice 
 each character in as full a form as it is possible to do, the 
 limits of the present work will not warrant me in doing; 
 but my object shall be to give a general statement of the 
 different kinds, and make it so intelligible that any one 
 may easily distinguish between the different forms, and 
 also make remarks which will lead any to know when 
 they are attacked by it. I shall, therefore, proceed to 
 give a synopsis of the different kinds, under their ap- 
 propriate heads, commencing with 
 
 Dropsy of the Abdomen. — By dropsy of the abdomen, 
 we are to understand a collection of water in the cavity 
 of the belly or abdomen. 
 
 Causes. — A preternatural collection of serous fluid, 
 either in the cellular membranes, or in the cavities of 
 the body, is caused by absorption falling short of its 
 duty, either in part or in whole. In either case, a sac 
 for the water is made. These collections are owing to 
 the secretions overbalancing the absorption, so that it 
 would appear that dropsy might arise from an excess of 
 secretion, or a defect of absorption. I am of opinion 
 that it often proceeds from both causes, and that defects 
 exist in both sets of vessels. This disease, however, like 
 many others, is also hereditary. Sometimes it is brought 
 
DROPSY. 329 
 
 on by salivation. In other cases it proceeds from the 
 patient having previously been the victim of long con- 
 tinned fever and ague ; yet this is an evident fact, that 
 in all cases the absorbing vessels are more or less de- 
 ranged. 
 
 I wish to be understood that from whatever cause 
 dropsy may arise, that the absorption vessels failing to 
 perform their functions, from debility, is the cause, ex- 
 cept in hereditary cases. 
 
 According to my circular, I placed myself under no 
 obligation to treat of this disease ; but I now have a 
 higher object in view than merely coming up to the 
 stipulation laid down therein ; for I wish to make this 
 work as useful to suffering humanity as I possibly can. 
 
 Dropsy is a disease not to be cured by every one, and 
 some cases will baffle the skill of the most scientific and 
 learned men of the profession ; and there are other cases 
 which would seem to be much worse, which readily yield 
 to treatment, at least I have found it so. I shall now 
 endeavor to give the symptoms in such a manner that any 
 one afflicted with the dropsy may readily know it. 
 
 Symptoms. — Dropsy of the abdomen is often preceded 
 by loss of appetite, sluggishness, dryness of skin, op- 
 pression in the chest, cough, diminution of the natural 
 discharge of urine and costiveness. Shortly after the 
 appearance of the symptoms, an enlargement in the ab- 
 domen is perceived, which extends gradually, and keeps 
 on increasing, till the belly becomes uniformly swollen 
 and tense. There is a difference in the feeling — accord- 
 ing to the position of the body. At night, when the 
 body is in a recumbent position, it is more keenly felt, 
 and that on the side on which the patient is lying. As the 
 accumulation of water ^oes on, the difficulty of breathing 
 
330 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 much increases ; the countenance exhibits a pale and 
 bloated appearance ; the skin is dry and parched; the 
 urine very scanty, high colored, and deposits a sediment. 
 The pulse, in this disease, like in consumption, cannot be 
 depended upon ; for at times it is very quick, while at 
 others it is quite slow and sluggish. It is sometimes 
 very difficult to distinguish between a dropsy of the 
 belly and a state of pregnancy. When deception is 
 wanted to be practiced, the most skillful physician, with 
 all his care, is liable to be deceived ; and the reputation 
 of both the physician and female may suffer serious con- 
 sequences from the decision. 
 
 Dropsy of the Chest. — This is also a collection of water 
 in the membrane which surrounds the heart, or in the 
 cavities of the thorax — the chest, or that cavity which 
 contains the heart and lungs — but generally is connected 
 with and attached to particular parts of the internal sur- 
 face of the pleura — a membrane lining the chest. 
 
 Causes. — As I have already stated, the same causes 
 which give rise to one kind of dropsy, is much the same 
 in all cases, although the disease may have its locality in 
 different parts of the system. 
 
 Symptoms. — The symptoms in every variety of dropsy 
 are different. Dropsy of the chest comes on similarly to 
 an attack of asthma, with a sense of uneasiness at the 
 lower part of the breast-bone ; difficulty of breathing, 
 which is always so during the night. As the disease 
 advances, the difficulty of breathing increases, particu- 
 larly when the patient is in a horizontal position. There 
 is frequently at first a dry cough, which changes to an 
 expectoration of this mucus. The feet and legs com- 
 mence swelling. In some cases, the face swells, and as 
 the disease advances, the arms and body swell; the 
 
DROPSY. 331 
 
 countenance is dejected. The thirst diminishes; now of 
 urine ; great debility and loss of flesh. In some cases 
 dropsy of the chest proceeds very slow, and for years 
 does not alarm the patient. But in lapse of time the 
 disorder is fully formed, and the difficulty in breathing 
 becomes so excessive that the patient can seldom remain 
 in a recumbent position but for a short period at a time, 
 and the head and upper part of the trunk of the body 
 must be supported almost erect in order that the patient 
 may sleep. The sleep is frequently interrupted by alarm- 
 ing dreams, out of which the patient quickly starts up 
 in bed, almost suffocated, resembling an attack of spas- 
 modic asthma. When afflicted with these distressing 
 symptoms, the patient is under the necessity of continu- 
 ing erect, with mouth open, and is in the utmost anxiety 
 for fresh air. (These are the precise symptoms of a Mr. 
 Smith, whom I attended.) The patient suffers from pal- 
 pitation of the heart, irregularity and intermission of 
 the pulse, which may be regarded as among the most 
 frequent attendant of hyra-thorax. But the symptoms 
 are much varied in different cases, and in some instances 
 the last named are not present. I think, from the fore- 
 going, that every one who may read this work, can easi- 
 ly discover when they have the premonitory symptoms 
 of dropsy of the chest. 
 
 Dropsy of the Head. — I shall have but little to say 
 under this head. It is peculiar to children, being seldom 
 known to attack those over the age of twelve or four- 
 teen, and seems more of a scrofulous character than 
 otherwise. I have cured several cases by giving equal 
 parts of cream of tartar and sulphur, half teaspoonful, 
 in sweetened milk, every morning, for nine consecutive 
 mornings, and then gave my Purifying Syrup, as direct- 
 ed in the recipe, which will be found under the head of 
 
332 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 "Recipes." I also give my Neutralizing Cordial part of 
 the time. 
 
 Having given the description, causes and symptoms 
 sufficiently upon this class of disease, I shall now pro- 
 ceed to give some of the various modes of treatment. 
 
 Treatment. — In curing dropsy, it is necessary and ab- 
 solutely important to keep four objects in view. First, 
 to evacuate the water ; second, open the pores of the 
 skin ; third, restore the lost condition of the circulation ; 
 and fourth, to restore the tone of the entire system. 
 
 For Dropsy of the Abdomen. — Give the Compound 
 alap, cream of tartar, and Indian hemp ; also, a purgative. 
 Eepeat this every other day, for several days ; then only 
 repeat twice a week, and as the disease diminishes, once 
 a week until the patient is cured. After one or two pur- 
 gatives have been given, if the patient will submit, sweat 
 well with little or big mallows, by boiling the herb well. 
 Then place the invalid over the decoction of the herb, 
 with a blanket wrapped round him, and let him sup some 
 tea made from the same herb ; and give three times a 
 day just before eating, the Tonic "Wine Tincture, and each 
 day give two pills of mandrake and cayenne pepper. 
 This treatment will soon strengthen the stomach and 
 restore the digestive powers. Between times, however, 
 the Diuretic Drops, as much as once a day, should be 
 given. After six or seven days, if these remedies do not 
 entirely restore the patient, make a preparation as follows : 
 
 Queen of the Meadow, • •••• l ounce. 
 
 Big-podded Milkweed, 1 " 
 
 Juniper Berries, 1 " 
 
 Horse Kadish Root, 1 ■" 
 
 White Mustard Seed, 1 " 
 
 Bark of the root of Elder, 1 " 
 
 Indian Hemp, « 1 " 
 
 Prickly Ash Bark, 1 " 
 
DROPSY. 333 
 
 Pulverize and mix together, and add two quarts of 
 Lisbon wine, or good cider that has been racked. Stew 
 these slowly for three hours, and as it reduces in quan- 
 tity, add water. Give of this tincture from one to three 
 tablespoonsful three to four times a day, except the day 
 the Compound Jalap is taken. Give an emetic once a 
 week, and steam as often as once in seven days, and no 
 fears need be entertained of a speedy and sure cure. 
 But as I have already stated, that whatever will cure 
 one will not cure all, therefore I have given other reme- 
 dies, which will be found under the head of " Recipes." 
 
 Dropsy of the Chest. — If you want to make a sure cure — 
 and most every one does, who is laboring aunder a mal- 
 ady — commence by first giving an emetic, then fol- 
 low by giving the Compound Jalap, mandrake and 
 cream of tartar ; after this, give every day one of the 
 Hydragogue Pills (after the physic has operated) every 
 hour, till a very free passage is produced — as much as two 
 or three evacuations — and every day until the swelling 
 subsides, give once a day, two pills of the mandrake and 
 cayenne pepper. In the morning, as a change, give the 
 following: Take of fox glove one scruple, or a teaspoon- 
 ful, well pulverized, add a half pint of boiling water, and 
 cover it over. Of this infusion give a dessert tablespoonful, 
 when it is cold, every two hours. Should it produce nausea 
 or giddiness of the head, give half the quantity. This med- 
 icine has a powerful effect in dropsy of the chest. Its ef- 
 fects soon shows, and an improvement is sure to follow 
 Bathe the body well with saleratus water made strong, 
 twice a week, and bathe the arms and legs, if swollen, 
 with my All-Healing Liniment. After the water has 
 evacuated, and the patient is relieved of shortness of 
 
334 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 breath, which is generally in a week or ten days, give 
 the Purifying Syrup. But as these articles, necessarily, 
 are not always on hand, I have inserted under the head 
 of "Recipes," various other recipes which will be found 
 highly useful in the treatment of dropsy of the chest. 
 
 Dropsy of the Scrotum. — I deem it unnecessary to say 
 much about this kind of dropsy, as I have heretofore 
 stated that each variety proceeds from the same cause — 
 derangement of the absorbent vessels. This disease 
 consists in an effusion of water or serum collected within 
 the inner coating of the testicles. There is a tumor 
 formed which slowly increases. It is transparent in ap- 
 pearance ; sometimes light and elastic. Great care should 
 be taken to discriminate, in the treatment of dropsy of the 
 scrotum, between it and hernia or rupture. In hernia, 
 the tumor reclines in a recumbent position — not so, how- 
 ever, in the dropsy of the scrotum. 
 
 Treatment. — Tapping the tumor and draining off the 
 water is the ordinary prescribed rule for curing this form 
 of the dropsy. But experience has convinced me that 
 this is not the best or safest method of treatment; nor is 
 it the easiest, particularly in the earliest stages of the 
 complaint. I believe that when the tumor has got very 
 large, and of long standing, that after putting the sys- 
 tem in order, that the tumor may be safely tapped, and 
 the water drawn off; yet it requires great care, for there 
 is danger of inflammation ensuing, and serious conse- 
 quences would, in all probability, be the result. If the 
 tumor is tapped, it should be poulticed with sumach 
 bark, and bathe the parts with my All-Healing Liniment 
 twice a day. Take the same medicines as recommended 
 for dropsy of the abdomen. Never, however, should a 
 child or any one else be tapped, if the proper treatment 
 
flux. 335 
 
 is resorted to in time, as it can as effectually be cured 
 without. 
 
 I have managed many cases of infants, and I never had 
 any trouble in curing them. For infants, bathe the parts 
 well with a strong decoction of oak bark and witch hazel, 
 once a day, and give the Neutralizing Cordial, and keep 
 the diaper or bandage usually worn by children, dry. 
 For young and grown men, proceed the same as in 
 dropsy of the abdomen. I cured a case once, where the 
 symptoms were of such an alarming nature, that the 
 young man had decided upon being castrated, and he has 
 been well ever since. If you will only have patience, 
 and attend to yourself carefully and diligently, there is 
 no doubt but you will soon find a speedy and safe cure. 
 
 FLUX. 
 
 This disease may properly be termed dysentery, fot it 
 generally begins first in that way, and nearly the same 
 causes produce all this class of diseases, such as cholera- 
 morbus, diarrhoea, dysentery, flux, etc. Flux is second- 
 ary from the others. It is caused from a poisonous acid 
 being secreted in the liver. When this is thrown into 
 the stomach, it produces cholera-morbus ; it is thrown 
 into the circulation and mixed with the blood and thrown 
 upon the intestines, causing irritation, inflammation, and 
 blood to be passed, then it is called flux. There are vari- 
 ous things that bring on this disease. Some seasons it 
 appears that this poisonous acid is in the atmosphere, and 
 by inhalation, if this be a fact, the disease is engendered. 
 Other causes, too, may be ascribed for it, such as a sud- 
 den check of perspiration, after the body has been heat- 
 ed, unwholesome diet, night air, damp beds, wet clothes, 
 and sometimes it becomes a contagious epidemic. 
 
336 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Symptoms. — The first attack is generally commenced 
 with a loss of appetite, costiveness, sickness at the 
 stomach, and sometimes vomiting, and almost always 
 with chills, succeeded by heat, and frequency of the 
 pulse, and soon a griping pain is felt in the region of the 
 bowels, and increased evacuations soon occur. Wlien 
 the inflammation commences in the lower part of the 
 intestinal tube, the stools become more frequent, and 
 while passing through the inflamed parts they occasion 
 great pain. 
 
 Treatment. — My theory, although I know it is antago- 
 nistical to some of the authors on this disease, is, that 
 the sooner it is stopped the better. The symptoms 
 themselves argue that the longer it runs the more dan- 
 ger from inflammation ; yet, in the face of this fact, men 
 may be found that contend that to suddenly check the 
 disease is to endager inflammation. In all the practice I 
 have had in the flux, I have invariably found that the 
 sooner it was stopped the more speed} 7 was the cure, 
 and less danger was it to the patient. I contend that 
 if the disease is taken in time, there is no trouble what- 
 ever to check it, and finally cure it. I have cured hun- 
 dreds of cases, and many of them who had been down 
 the river and had contracted what is termed the river 
 diarrhoea, and never yet had any difficulty from sudden- 
 ly stopping it. The reason of this is, that the medicines 
 I use for the flux restores the circulation as it should be, 
 and creates a healthy action. 
 
 The treatment is as follows : Give four tablespoonsful 
 of the neutralizing cordial and one tablespoonful of my 
 All -Healing Liniment, mixed together, (which should al- 
 ways be kept on hand, and all who have J used it will 
 always do so.) Repeat this dose every three or four 
 
COLDS AND COUGHS. 337 
 
 hours, according to the urgency of the case, and at the 
 same time bathe the bowels effectually with the liniment, 
 and take between times the dysentery syrup, as directed 
 under the head of " receipts." If the treatment is com- 
 menced when the disease commences, it will most cer- 
 tainly cure all cases of flux, cholera-morbus, diarrhoea, 
 etc. "When the bowels have been checked some twenty- 
 four or thirty-six hours, take a gentle physic, but do not 
 be in too great haste. As the disease abates, lessen the 
 dose and lengthen the time between taking it. This is 
 for very severe cases. In milder cases, one teaspoonful 
 of the liniment and two tablespoonfuls of the neutraliz- 
 ing cordial is sufficient for an adult. Children can be 
 treated according to their age. This cordial is one of the 
 best medicines for children ever given them for all dis- 
 eases of the bowels. It is perfectly safe for an infant. 
 From ten to twenty drops, mixed with sweet milk, is a 
 dose of the liniment for an infant. I scarcely ever, how- 
 ever, give anything to children but the cordial and a tea 
 made of allspice and' cinnamon, and then bathe the 
 bowels with the liniment, and if a physic is required, I 
 give assafoedita, which is very good for any one when 
 the bowels are slimy. A strong decoction of pennyroyal 
 is sometimes good. I have given other remedies under 
 the head of "receipts." 
 
 For summer complaints in children, the same remedies 
 will answer, particularly if the liniment is given and well 
 bathed. 
 
 COLDS AND COUGHS. 
 
 Although I have said considerable on coughs, under 
 consumption, bronchitis, etc., yet I feel as if I should say 
 
 22 
 
338 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 something more. There are too many who make light 
 of a cough, as if it was nothing but a cold, supposing 
 that it will wear away in a short time. They never stop 
 to consider that the cough is wearing them away, and 
 that the most cases of consumption proceed from colds. 
 They are too careless about such matters, and should 
 take heed from the many victims they see fall around 
 them yearly. For a common cold, I find the vegetable 
 heating powders are very good. A good, strong decoction 
 of hoarhound and cayenne pepper, taken before going 
 to bed, and bathing the feet, is also very efficacious in 
 colds. A tea of life-everlasting, which also goes by the 
 name of white balsam, and a tea made of the leaves of 
 spruce, and taken before going to bed, are both excellent 
 in colds. But the best preparation is a strong decoction 
 of comfrey, elecampane, hoarhound, spikenard, Spanish 
 liquorice, equal parts, made strong, and well sweetened 
 with honey, which may be used freely ; and take a tea- 
 spoonful of the tincture of myrrh three times a day, and 
 keep the feet dry and warm ; and if care is taken there 
 is no necessity of having any trouble with a cold. Should 
 the cold or cough be caused from having previously passed 
 through the measles, the compound tincture, cawnabis 
 and expectorant, mixed equal, is the best. The syrup 
 recommended for colds, coughs, and catarrh, is excellent, 
 and scarcely ever fails to give the most entire satisfaction. 
 
 POISONS — MINERAL AND VEGETABLE. 
 
 As I have but a small practice in counteracting the ef- 
 fects of poisons, I therefore give Dr. Beach's treatment. 
 He says : 
 
 " Since so many cases of poisoning occur, how import- 
 
poisons. 339 
 
 ant that every one should have some information re- 
 specting antidotes to them, as the only prospect of 
 affording benefit is by administering antidotes immedi- 
 ately after poisons have been swallowed. 
 
 1. Laudanum or Opium, and all other Narcotics. — I have 
 been called to four persons, within a few years, who took 
 laudanum to destroy themselves ; I gave in each case a 
 double portion of our common emetic, with plenty of 
 herb tea, and a short time after, say fifteen minutes, a 
 wine glassful of lamp oil. If this does not operate, re- 
 peat in twenty or thirty minutes ; the person to be kept 
 walking. Copious vomiting soon took place, and restored 
 every one. This course may be pursued where any kind 
 of poison has been taken into the stomach. As a substi- 
 tute for the above emetic, give a large teaspoonful of 
 pulverized black mustard, mixed with water ; it operates 
 promptly, and is perfectly safe. 
 
 When there is suspicion or symptoms of any kind of 
 poison having been taken by accident or design, adminis- 
 ter immediately large quantities of milk, then give an 
 emetic, and repeat till free vomiting ensues; also lamp 
 oil, as above. 
 
 Treatment. — For acids, give vinegar and water; for 
 alkalies, give vinegar and lemon juice, to be accompanied 
 with the free use of the mucilage of slippery elm bark; 
 after vomiting has been excited, a wine glassful of sweet 
 oil may be administered. It will be necessary at the 
 same time to administer injections or clysters also, com- 
 posed of equal parts of the mucilage of elm bark and 
 milk, sweetened with molasses, and a gill of olive oil 
 added; a quart of this must be introduced every half 
 hour. Where these means fail, let a stomach pump l)e 
 procured and used. I consider lobelia, in the form of 
 
340 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 tincture or powder, to be a good antidote to all kinds ot 
 vegetable poisons. I prescribed it to one woman who had 
 taken thre elarge opium pills (by mistake) ; when this 
 article was administered, it soon removed all unfavorable 
 symptoms. Vinegar has been often recommended for 
 laudanum, but I know not that it is of much use. The 
 person must be aroused and kept awake and in motion 
 as much as possible, by shaking and moving him about. 
 But the greatest reliance must be placed upon the speedy 
 evacuation of the stomach by emetics. 
 
 A late writer states that severe whipping has had the 
 desired effect, by the irritation produced. Eather a se- 
 vere remedy ! In cases of poison by fungi and other 
 narcotic plants, a similar course of treatment is required. 
 
 Where vomiting and other symptoms continue, an 
 ounce of the bicarbonate of potash may be dissolved in 
 two quarts of water, and a teacupful drank frequently ; 
 fomentations to the stomach and bowels will also prove 
 beneficial. Lime water is highly recommended by Orfila 
 as an antidote to arsenic. 
 
 The same writer states, that of all antidotes to the 
 poison of the corrosive sublimate, he has found the white 
 of an egg, dissolved in water, to be the most powerful 
 and efficacious ; it must be diluted with water before it 
 is given. In cases where persons have been poisoned by 
 taking verdigris, emetics must first be given, and after- 
 ward a solution of saleratus (bicarbonate of potash) 
 should be freely taken as directed above. 
 
 For any of the salts of copper, the seme remedy as the 
 last. 
 
 Sugar is said to be an excellent antidote to verdigris. 
 The effects of lead must be remedied by the use of castor 
 oil and injections. 
 
poisons. 341 
 
 Salt and water counteract the corrosive effects of the 
 nitrate of silver, or Junar caustic, and make the best 
 antidote. A person suffering under the deleterious effects 
 of this, should drink several glasses of it, in the propor- 
 tion of a tablespoonful of the salt to two pints of water. 
 Vomiting will ensue and the symptoms diminish. 
 
 Milk is the best antidote of muriate of tin, by which 
 it is completely coagulated. The coagulum contains 
 muriatic acid and oxyde of tin, which are deleterious. 
 
 An over-dose of tartarized antimony sometimes pro- 
 duces severe consequences. In such cases our chief de- 
 pendence is to be placed upon mucilaginous and diluent 
 drinks to speedily remove the medicine from the stomach ; 
 and, when this is done, opium, and perhaps mustard 
 plasters, may be of some service. 
 
 In cases where nothing can be administered by the 
 mouth, lobelia injections may be given. 
 
 For oil of vitriol, the best antidote is large doses of 
 magnesia and water, or, what is still better, equal parts 
 of soft soap and water. For aquafortis, same remedy as 
 last. For oxalic acid, (this resembles epsom salts, and is 
 often used in bedbug poisons,) chalk and water renders 
 it perfectly inert, forming an insoluble salt of lime : 
 magnesia is also a good antidote. For tartar emetic in 
 poisonous doses, Peruvian bark and water, it is stated, ren- 
 der it perfectly harmless ; if the bark can not be procured, 
 use a strong decoction of tea until it can. For saltpetre, 
 (which also is sometimes taken for salts,) a prompt emet- 
 ic of mustard and water ; afterward mucilages and small 
 doses of laudanum. For lunar caustic, (the principal in- 
 gredient in indelible ink,) common salt forms an invalua- 
 ble antidote, which is harmless. 
 
 For corrosive sublimate, metallic substances, mercury, 
 
342 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 verdigris, tin, lead, sulphuric acid, and arsenic, white of 
 egg may be given, and then lime water or en emetic, 
 with plenty of water. In all alarming cases, as before 
 directed, give immediately a double portion of the emet- 
 ic powders, with the addition of a little linseed or sweet 
 oil ; in place of this give flour of mustard. For arsenic, 
 three or four cases are reported as having been cured by 
 doses of magnesia. 
 
 Poison Vine. — Both men and animals are severely 
 poisoned by a vegetable called the poison vine, or mercu- 
 ry, which runs upon trees, fences, etc. It causes great 
 heat, itching pain, swelling, pain, and inflammation, and 
 gives rise to unpleasant and serious symptoms. 
 
 I have found the following an excellent remedy for 
 this kind of poison, both for man and beast : 
 
 1. Apply a wash to the parts, made by simmering the 
 bark of elder in buttermilk, every two hours ; after which 
 apply a little sweet oil, and then, if practicable, a poultice 
 made of the slippery elm bark; give occasionally a dose 
 of sweet oil. 
 
 A horse of mine, a short time since, became so poison- 
 ed by this vine that his eyes were entirely closed ; this 
 remedy removed the complaint in about twenty-four 
 hours. Elder, brown, and celandine ointments may be 
 applied ; also a weak solution of salt and water." 
 
 "What little experience I have had in cases arising from 
 poison, I have depended chiefly upon my All-Healing 
 Liniment. I gave it internally in large doses, which uni- 
 versally proved satisfactory. 
 
 SUSPENDED ANIMATION, BY HANGING, DROWNING, SUFFOCATION 
 OR EXPOSURE TO INTENSE COLD. 
 
 Suspended Animation from Freezing. — A person was 
 senseless and almost lifeless from cold ; he was immedi- 
 
SUSPENDED ANIMATION. 343 
 
 ately plunged into a barrel of cold water, up to the 
 neck, then taken out, dried well, and rubbed with flan- 
 nels; and, although cold (to use the expression of a by- 
 stander) as ice, warmth gradually returned ; ice formed 
 on the body in scales, as it was drawn from the surface 
 by the cold water. As soon as anything could be intro- 
 duced internally, cayenne pepper and brandy were given 
 in large quantities. "When reaction took place, there 
 was great soreness of flesh, with excessive pain, fever, 
 etc. It was nearly two hours before he recovered. 
 
 Drowning. — When animation has been suspended by 
 drowning or immersion under water, many of the same 
 means recommended are here proper. The person must 
 be taken to a suitable place, the wet clothes taken off, 
 and the body immediately rubbed dry with warm flan- 
 nels. The face is to be turned somewhat downward, to 
 give exit to any water that may have been introduced 
 into the lungs ; but it should not be rolled over a barrel 
 or roughly handled, as is sometimes practiced. An in- 
 jection may be given, the feet bathed in warm water, and 
 constant friction kept up for a long time. Bricks and 
 stones may be heated, and covered with cloths wet with 
 vinegar, and applied to the feet, legs and sides ; the win- 
 dows should be open, to admit fresh air. The lungs ma}^ 
 also be inflated, by blowing into them with the mouth, 
 or by means of a pair of bellows, while an assistant 
 gently presses the breast up and down in imitation of 
 natural breathing or respiration. When signs of life 
 appear, and the person can swallow, a little lavender 
 compound and spirits of hartshorn may be given. 
 
 The means to be used for the recovery of persons sud- 
 denly apparently deprived of life, are nearly the same in 
 all cases ; such as lightning, poisonous gases, etc., dash 
 
344 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 a pail of water on the person, then rub dry with flannel 
 and use friction. 
 
 HYDROPHOBIA, OR CANINE MADNESS. 
 
 Cause. — In the human species it is always the result 
 of a specific virus or contagion, derived from the bite of 
 an animal laboring under the disease. The poison ap- 
 pears to be exclusively attached to the saliva, by the 
 fact of the disease being produced by wounds inflicted 
 with the teeth of a rabid animal. It may be communi- 
 cated by bringing the contagious virus in contact with a 
 wounded surface. The bite of a rabid animal is not al- 
 ways followed by hydrophobia ; when the person is bit- 
 ten through clothes, particularly woolen, the virus is fre- 
 quently wiped from the teeth before they enter the skin ; 
 from this cause we sometimes find only one or two out 
 of a number bitten by the same animal become rabid. 
 
 Symptoms. — At uncertain periods after the bite a pain- 
 ful tension, redness and heat attack the part bitten, and 
 at the same time darting pains and spasms arise in it ; 
 the patient is seized with languor, lassitude, anxiety, fre- 
 quent sighing, and love of solitude; twitching of the 
 tendons, and horrible dreams torment him. These 
 symptoms continue for some time, and then become 
 worse ; a great aversion to, and dread of, any kind of 
 liquid supervenes, inasmuch as the sight of it causes 
 spasms in the throat; a frothy saliva is frequently eject- 
 ed, and during the paroxysms a desire for bitting attends ; 
 respiration hurried, gasping convulsions, and death. 
 
 Treatment. — The wound or bite should be cupped as 
 soon as possible ; after which apply the caustic potash 
 until an eschar is formed ; then apply a yeast poultice, 
 
HYDROPHOBIA. 345 
 
 and keep up a discharge as long as possible. The pa- 
 tient should now take a strong infusion or decoction of 
 skullcap through the day; mandrake physic once a 
 week. If this does not prevent the disease, and should 
 symptoms of hydrophobia appear, lobelia emetics must 
 be given every other day. Perspiration must be pro- 
 moted by the steam or vapor bath. 
 
 The medicines recommended for preventing the effects 
 of the bite of a mad dog, are chiefly such as promote 
 the different secretions, and anti-spasmoclics. A cele- 
 brated doctor recommends the following as a preventive, 
 and one which he never knew to fail, having used it in 
 a great many cases : 
 
 " Take ash-colored ground liverwort, clean, dried and 
 powdered, half an ounce; of black pepper powdered, 
 one-fourth of an ounce. Mix these well together, and 
 divide the powder into four doses ; one of which must 
 be taken every morning, fasting, for four mornings suc- 
 cessively, in half a pint of cow's milk, warm. 
 
 " After these four doses have been taken, the patient 
 must go into the cold bath, or a cold spring or river, 
 every morning fasting, for a month ; he must be dipped 
 all over, but not stay in (with his head above water) 
 longer than half a minute, if the water be very cold. 
 After this he must go in three times a week for a fort- 
 night longer. 
 
 " The person must be bled before he begins to use the 
 medicine." 
 
 The following is the famous East India specific. It is 
 esteemed a great anti-spasmodic, and, by many, extolled 
 as an infallible remedy for preventing the effects of the 
 bite of a mad dog : 
 
 " Take native and factitious cinnabar of each twenty- 
 
346 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 four grains, musk sixteen grains. Let these be made 
 into a fine powder, and taken in a glass of brandy or 
 arrack." 
 
 This dose is said to secure the patient for thirty days, at 
 the end of which it must be repeated ; but if he has any 
 symptoms of the disease, it must be repeated in three 
 hours. 
 
 Camphor may also be given in the following manner : 
 "Take purified nitre, half an ounce; Virginia snake- 
 root in powder, two drachms; camphor, one drachm 
 rub them together in a mortar, and divide the whole 
 into ten doses. Yinegar is likewise of considerable ser- 
 vice and should be taken freely, either in the patient's 
 food or drink." 
 
 A proper regimen must be observed throughout the 
 whole course. The patient should abstain from flesh, 
 and all salted and high seasoned provisions. He must 
 avoid strong liquors, and live mostly upon a light and 
 rather spare diet. His mind should be kept as easy and 
 cheerful as possible, and all excessive heat and violent 
 passions avoided with the utmost care, as a sudden fright 
 will bring on a fit. 
 
 [Under the head of " Recipes," in this book, will be 
 found other remedies for the cure of hydrophobia.] 
 
 ST. vitus' dance. — (Chorea Sancti Viti.) 
 
 Description. — This singular disease is characterized by 
 a twitching and convulsive action of certain muscles, 
 usually confined to one side of the system ; and it affects 
 principally the arm and leg. It is chiefly incident to 
 young persons of both sexes, but particularly to those of 
 a weak constitution, or whose health and vigor have 
 
ST. VITUS' DANCE. 347 
 
 been impaired by confinement, or by the use of scanty 
 and improper nourishment ; and makes its attacks be- 
 tween the ages of ten and fifteen, occurring but seldom 
 after that of puberty. By some physicians it has been 
 considered rather as a paralytic affection than as a con- 
 vulsive disorder, and has been thought to arise from a 
 relaxation of the muscles, which, being unable to per- 
 form their functions in moving the limbs, shake them 
 irregularly by jerks. 
 
 Causes. — This disease is frequently found among chil- 
 dren who are poorly clad, poorly fed, and badly used; 
 and it may arise from various other causes ; from morbid 
 condition of the stomach, as teething, worms, acidity in 
 the bowels, offensive smells, violent affections of the mind, 
 as anger, fear, etc. It may arise also from debility, and 
 from extreme irritability, or from any cause which may 
 produce a prostration of the nervous system. 
 
 Symptoms. — " It is," says Sydenham, " a kind of con- 
 vulsion which principally attacks children of both sexes, 
 from ten to fourteen years of age. It first shows itself 
 by a lameness, or rather unsteadiness, of one of the legs, 
 which the patient draws after him like an idiot ; and 
 afterwards affects the hand on the same side, which, being 
 brought to the breast or any other part, can by no means 
 be held in the same posture for a moment, but is distort- 
 ed or snatched away by a kind of convulsion into a dif- 
 ferent posture or place, notwithstanding all possible 
 efforts to the contrary. If a glass of liquor be placed in 
 the hand to drink, before the patient can get it to his 
 mouth he uses a thousand odd gestures, not being able 
 to carry it in a straight line thereto, because his hand is 
 drawn different ways by the convulsions ; as soon as it 
 has reached his lips, he throws it suddenly into his mouth 
 
348 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 and drinks it very hastily, as if he only meant to divert 
 the spectators." 
 
 "With these evidences of disturbance of the brain, are 
 usually united very unequivocal marks of a deranged 
 condition of the stomach and bowels. A variable, and 
 often ravenous, appetite, a swelling and hardness, or 
 sometsmes flabbiness of the abdomen, with constipation, 
 accompany, in a large proportion of cases, the onset of 
 the disease. In its advanced periods we may observe 
 impaired digestion, a very offensive state of the alvine 
 evacuations, and naccidity and wasting of the muscles 
 throughout the body. 
 
 Treatment. — In treating this complaint, I give the 
 Neutralizing Mixture (or Cordial) to keep the bowels 
 regular, and give the Spasmodic Tincture twice, and the 
 Purifying Syrup three times a day. The medicine 
 should be continued from six to nine months, to prevent 
 a return of the disease. This course of treatment, if 
 rigidly followed, will be productive of the happiest results. 
 
 cholera morbus. — (Cholera Morbus.) 
 
 Description. — Cholera morbus is a disease of the stomach 
 and alimentary canal, characterized by vomiting and pur- 
 ging, with severe griping, pain, cramps in the stomach, 
 abdomen, and extremities. It is very prevalent in this 
 climate, particularly during hot weather, and much more 
 so in the East and West Indies. 
 
 Causes. — The immediate exciting cause of the cholera 
 morbus is, the action and stimulus of an acid secreted in 
 the liver, or formed in the stomach and alimentary ca- 
 nal, and which produces an irritation of the mucous mem- 
 brane of those parts, the same as many kinds of poison, 
 
DYSPEPSIA, OR INDIGESTION.' 349 
 
 and which cause the phenomena of the complaint; 
 and this probably is the nitric or septic acid. 
 
 Treatment. — I would say, as far as my practice in this 
 complaint is concerned, and I have had a large share of 
 it, I have never yet seen or heard of a single failure of 
 an immediate relief by the use of my All-Healing Lini- 
 ment, given in doses of from a teaspoonful to two table- 
 spoonfuls, according to age, sex, and condition of the 
 case. I myself always give the Neutralizing Mixture ; 
 and for children, I would not dispense with it. But 
 many are the cases that my All-Healing Liniment has 
 cured without the aid of anything else. No family 
 should be without this valuable article. 
 
 DYSPEPSIA, OR INDIGESTION. 
 
 Dyspepsia is a disease which is usually confined to 
 persons between the age of 25 and 45 years. It is ar- 
 ranged by Dr. Thomas in class two of nervous diseases, 
 and order two, defect of vital powers. The nervous 
 system is no doubt affected in this disease, and there is 
 also a defect of vital powers. The same effect takes 
 place in cases of colic, dysentery, diarrhoea, and many 
 other bowel complaints ; and a chronic weakness is fre- 
 quently produced by all bowel complaints. It is a dis- 
 ease generally marked with a chronic weakness, and can 
 therefore be called a chronic disease. 
 
 Irregularity, and a sedentary life, uneasiness of mind, 
 grief, intense study, indolence, drinking of spirituous 
 liquors, excess in venery, too frequent use of hot strong 
 tea, tobacco and opium, overloading the stomach with 
 stimulating food, a frequent ejection of saliva, a de- 
 ficiency in the secretion of bile, much exposure to moist 
 
350 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 and cold air, and a want of moderate exercise, give rise 
 to the exciting or proximate cause of this disease. 
 
 The symptoms of this disease are numerous and tedi- 
 ous; such as loss of appetite, heart-burn, flatulency, 
 nausea and vomiting, gnawing in the stomach when it 
 is empty, uneasiness, pain in the side and breast, chilli- 
 ness, pale countenance, languor, lowness of spirits, pal- 
 pitations, vertigo, disturbed sleep, etc. Habitual cos- 
 tiveness is always, more or less, attended with acid 
 eructations from the stomach, which plainly and pointedly 
 indicate an acid existing in the stomach and intestines 
 to be the true cause of the disease. 
 
 If success is to be obtained in the method of cure, it 
 greatly depends upon the patient's resolution and mode 
 of living. Medicine can only afford a temporary relief, 
 without a proper diet and disposition of time. To per- 
 form a perfect cure of dyspepsia, it would be necessary 
 to adopt a complete change of living from that in which 
 the disease originated, and by which it is kept up and 
 continued. If the patient has been accustomed to a 
 fashionable life, he must forsake the haunts and habits 
 ot dissipation, crowded rooms, where the air is rendered 
 foul and unhealthy by the greatest number of persons 
 inhaling it, shun alluring amusements, and gambling 
 tables, luxurious living, indolence, intemperance, and 
 late hours. 
 
 The predominent symptoms of this disease are, pain 
 in the head, with sickness of the stomach, called sick- 
 headache. As the stomach is the seat of the disease, by 
 means of its sympathetic connection with the brain, 
 (and also with every other part of the body,) it causes 
 headache. Acid eructations are also a prevailing symp- 
 tom, which strongly mark the cause in the stomach, 
 
DYSPEPSIA, OR INDIGESTION. 351 
 
 which has already debilitated its nervous functions, and 
 rendered the digestion of the food difficult and inactive; 
 and, consequently, costiveness is followed by a long train 
 of other difficulties, as before mentioned. 
 
 The first step to be taken is to remove costiveness, 
 which is done by some gentle carthartic, such as butter- 
 nut pills, (or females may use the compound pills of as- 
 safoetida) which being accomplished, the acid existing in 
 the stomach must then be neutralized, and nothing is 
 better calculated to do this than the Neutralizing Mix- 
 ture and the Dyspeptic Bitters, which must be continued 
 for some length of time to keep the stomach entirely 
 free from acid. After the first evacuation by cathartics, 
 they may be joined or added to the alkalies, and given 
 in small doses, so as to obviate costiveness. During the 
 operation of the cathartics, a gruel made of oat meal or 
 corn meal, salted a little, may be taken. The meals 
 should be very light, and of easy digestion. After the 
 bowels are completely evacuated, the nausea removed, 
 and the acid in the stomach corrected and destroyed, the 
 chronic debility remains to be remedied, and strength to 
 be restored, which are effected by a course of tonics. 
 
 The use of tonics must first be commenced in small 
 doses, to be increased as the stomach will admit of. 
 There are a variety of tonics which will prove serviceable 
 in this disease. But as a vegetable tonic, I would re- 
 commend the use of the eupatorium perfoliatum of 
 Linnaeus. It is a plant which has long been familiarly 
 known by the name of thorough wort, crosswort, thorough- 
 stem, boneset, Indian sage, etc., etc., and it may be found 
 in most of the marshy grounds in the United States. It 
 is a plant which has long been used by the Indians as 
 an emetic, from which it received the name of vegetable 
 
352 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 antimony. It was used by them also to cure fever and 
 ague, and other diseases of debility, with much success. 
 
 I would advise the leaves in substance pulverized, or 
 the tincture of the leaves and flowers in proof spirits, as 
 the best tonic preparation to be used in cases of dyspep- 
 sia. The pulverized leaves may be used in cases of dys- 
 pepsia, in doses of from ten to twenty grains every four 
 hours, and the tincture may be used by first taking one 
 teaspoonful, and then increasing the dose to two or three 
 teaspoonfuls every four hours, as the stomach will admit 
 without creating nausea and vomiting. 
 
 During the use of the tonic, the alkaline remedies 
 should not be omitted or forgotten. They should be 
 given through the whole course of the cure, not only 
 at the commencement, for the purpose of neutralizing or 
 destroying the acid then existing in the stomach and in- 
 testines, but also for the purpose of destroying this acid, 
 as it may collect during the course of the cure. Particu- 
 lar attention should be paid to this part of the treatment, 
 as the effect of other means depends upon the removal 
 and prevention of the presence of that substance, which 
 becomes the aggravating cause of the disease. It will 
 also be necessary that the patient bear it in mind to pre- 
 vent costiveness, which may be prevented by the use of 
 one butternut pill, every other night, at bed-time. 
 
 It must not be expected that indigestion, a disease, 
 perhaps of some months or years standing, without any 
 thing more than a little temporary relief, can be com- 
 pletely removed in a few days ; and invalids must not 
 become impatient, if, after a short trial of the remedies 
 advised, a cure is not performed. If they will, with con- 
 fidence, steadily and patiently persevere, and submit to 
 a proper course, they may depend upon their hopes not 
 
DYSPEPSIA, OR INDIGESTION. 353 
 
 being disappointed, in realizing perfect and substantial 
 health. The desirable change which must take place, 
 cannot be effected in a few days — it must be done slowly. 
 The stomach resumes its former tone gradually only, 
 and gradual must be the means applied to effect a cure. 
 The length of time will vary in different persons, in pro- 
 portion to the violence of the disease ; and it will greatly 
 depend upon the faithful attention with which the pa- 
 tient follows the particular advice given. 
 
 I shall now endeavor to point out the course of living 
 which should be adopted, in the cure of this disease ; 
 and without a particular and rigid attention to the same, 
 all medicines will prove but a temporary relief. 
 
 Some persons are fortunate enough to find out what 
 course of living in life is most conducive to health and 
 old age, and abide by it ; but others, although they have 
 sense enough to find out this method, have not sufficient 
 reason and resolution to abide by it ; and these are gen- 
 erally the subjects afflicted with the pangs and tortures 
 of dyspepsia. To those who wish to recover from this 
 disease, and are under the influence of medical aid for 
 this purpose, the following mode of diet is offered : 
 
 Bread is a principal part of our food, and is an im- 
 portant article to effect or to prevent a cure of this com- 
 plaint. It should be light, and made of flour not bolted, 
 and never used while warm, or eaten before it is twelve 
 hours old. If corn bread be used, it should be baked 
 thin and crisp and eaten cold. Hot corn bread is poison 
 to a dyspeptic person, as is also hot bread or cakes of 
 any kind. However palatable this substance is, it proves 
 highly injurious to the stomach, and prevents it acquir- 
 ing tone, more than almost any other article of our diet. 
 During the years of youth, when the natural vigor of diges- 
 23 
 
354 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 tion is constantly receiving additions to its strength, hot 
 provisions are used without much apparent inconvenience 
 or injury to the stomach; but with the dyspeptic person, 
 a cure cannot be obtained or expected so long as he in- 
 dulges himself in the use of this article of diet. 
 
 The article of bread, therefore, should be at least 
 twelve hours old, and crackers, biscuit, or boiled rice, 
 may be substituted for a change in this part of the diet. 
 
 That kind of animal food which proves the easiest of 
 digestion, and which perfectly agrees with the patient's 
 stomach, must be chosen, and all the contrary wholly 
 avoided. 
 
 Let it be understood that a proper method of cooking 
 the provisions of a dyspeptic patient will much con- 
 tribute to his speedy recovery, and will also prove, in a 
 measure, the means of preventing a return of the dis- 
 ease. It is essential that all articles of diet should be 
 prepared with the utmost simplicity. The gastric juice 
 of a weak stomach will digest with much difficulty a 
 dinner composed of a large quantity of dishes. It would 
 be a duty imposed on it which it is totally unable to per- 
 form. The dinner, therefore, should consist of one dish 
 of flesh, or fish, only, and one or two dishes of vegetables, 
 with bread at least twelve hours old, made of coarse 
 flour. Two dishes of meat at the same meal may create 
 a disturbance in the weak stomach, as they are not so 
 easily dissolved by the gastric juice, as one only; and 
 the same rule will apply to the vegetable diet, as we 
 daily see a difference in the agreement of one or more 
 vegetables with a weak stomach. The patient may 
 change his diet every meal if he pleases, and go through 
 the whole routine of animal and vegetable diet, but let him 
 not make a variety shop or a fly market of his stomach 
 at every meal. 
 
WATER BRASH. 355 
 
 Let me conclude by saying that whatever be the plain 
 diet to be used, let it be of the very best quality the 
 market affords. Let not the potatoes be frozen and 
 watery, or the butter old and rancid. Fresh butter will 
 prove an innocent and nutritious article of diet, while 
 rancid and strong butter would prove sufficient to occa- 
 sion a dysentery or cholera-morbus. Fat gravy should 
 be avoided, and the juice of the meat only substituted . 
 Yinegar and pickles of all kinds will prove injurious, but 
 moderate quantities of mustard and horse-radish may be 
 eaten to advantage. 
 
 Let the invalid observe one caution, to take the utmost 
 pains in masticating his food at all times, and never be 
 in a hurry at his meals. When horse-radish and vege- 
 tables of the like kind are used, they should be finely 
 scraped or grated in small or fine particles. 
 
 These observations should be attended to in all com- 
 plaints of the bowels. 
 
 WATER BRASH. — (PyVOSlS.) 
 
 This disease is known by a burning pain in the stom- 
 ach, attended with copious eructations, generally of a 
 watery and insipid fluid. 
 
 Whatever deranges the functions of the stomach or 
 the surrounding viscera, may give rise to the water brash ; 
 as indigestion, acidity, etc. 
 
 The fits of pyrosis usually come on in the morning 
 and forenoon when the stomach is empty; and the first 
 symptom which the patient perceives is a pain at the pit 
 of the stomach, with a sense of constriction, as if it was 
 drawn toward the back, and this is usually much in- 
 creased by an erect posture. The pain, after proving 
 
356 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 severe, and continuing for some time, is followed by 
 eructations and the discharge of a considerable quantity 
 of thin, watery fluid, sometimes of an acid taste, but 
 often quite insipid. In some instances, however, it is 
 very ropy, and of an appearance somewhat similar to 
 the white of an egg. On a frequent repetition of the 
 eructations and discharge, the fit at length goes off. 
 This disease rarely proves fatal, but is often tedious and 
 troublesome to remove, being apt to recur occasionally a 
 long time after it has once taken place. 
 
 Treatment — The patient may commence by taking 
 two or three of the anti-bilious pills, night and morning. 
 Also, elixir salutis, or compound tincture of senna, tinc- 
 ture of the balsam of tolu, half an ounce ; mix. Dose, 
 a tablespoonful, to be taken every morning, fasting. It 
 creates a healthy action of the stomach, and thus soon 
 mitigates the symptoms of the complaint. The neutral- 
 izing cordial and tonic wine tincture are both good in 
 this complaint ; and after the symptoms have been allay- 
 ed, the tonic wine may be used for some time to a re- 
 turn. Great attention must be paid to the diet; nothing 
 greasy or acrid should be taken ; only such articles as 
 are easy of digestion. 
 
 convulsions or fits. — (Spasmii.) 
 
 Description. — The term convulsion is usually applied 
 to all kinds of spasmodic affections, such as hysteria, 
 epilepsy, etc. In treating of the complaint, I have in 
 view fits or convulsions which often occur in children, 
 and sometimes in adults, and which assume no specific 
 character ; frequently they proceed from the eruption in 
 small-pox being retained or suddenly receding, or from 
 teething, pregnancy, etc. 
 
CONVULSIONS OR FITS. 
 
 357 
 
 Causes. — Fits iu children and others usually proceed 
 from acrid matter in the stomach and intestines, such as 
 various kinds of poison, or from flatulence, teething, 
 worms, recession of some kinds of rash, or the retreating 
 of an eruptive disease, such as scarlatina, small-pox; 
 sudden emotions of the mind, as fear, anger, etc. 
 
 Symptoms. — Previous to an attack of convulsions in 
 men or children, there is often great debility, with an 
 unnatural appearance of the eyes and countenance. At 
 other times there is a hasty accession of the complaint ; 
 the patient is suddenly seized with a spasmodic affection 
 of the face, body, and whole extremities; trembles and 
 shakes violently, and unexpectedly falls down, and re- 
 mains senseless for a longer or shorter period ; with in- 
 voluntary twitchings of the muscles or tendons; the 
 teeth clinched ; and a discharge of saliva from the mouth ; 
 pupils of the eye contracted, etc. 
 
 Treatment. — "Where the attack is sudden or violent, put 
 the patient in a warm bath ; but as considerable time 
 elapses before this can be prepared, the feet must be im- 
 mersed in warm water, and the region of the stomach 
 bathed with capsicum and spirits, simmered a few 
 minutes together. If there is time, an injection or clys- 
 ter may be given. It is difficult to introduce any medi- 
 cine during the paroxysm ; but, after it is over, means 
 must be used to prevent their recurrence. If the disease 
 appears to exist from acrid or foul matter in the stomach, 
 give an emetic, and afterward a dose of senna and manna. 
 A decoction of common mullein is said to be an excel- 
 lent remedy for convulsions in children. If they appear 
 to proceed from worms, give medicines to expel them. 
 
 Should fits arise from a recession of rash, or from the 
 invasion of some eruptive disease, excite perspiration to 
 
358 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 aid their reappearance. A little salt and water will af- 
 ford immediate relief and shorten the fit. 
 
 When they arise without any apparent cause, and oc- 
 cur at different intervals, they must be treated by giving 
 emetics and tonics ; in other respects, treated the same as 
 epilepsy. When other means fail, give the tincture of 
 stramonium and henbane. In one very severe case, where 
 the infant had several hundred fits, the tincture of opium 
 cured it; the dose was gradually increased. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 venereal disease. — (Lues Venerea. — Syphilis.) 
 
 Description. — This is a most loathsome affection, which 
 extends to every part of the system, and is occasioned 
 by a specific poison, conveyed by contagion or actual 
 contact. 
 
 Causes. — The venereal disease is supposed to arise from 
 a specific morbid poison, which, when applied to the 
 human body, has the power of propagating or multiply- 
 ing itself, and is capable of acting both locally and con- 
 stitutionally. 
 
 Dr. Steward supposes that this disease originated in 
 the camp of Israel, as may be inferred by reading the 
 fifth chapter of Numbers. K~o doubt it was first inflicted 
 upon mankind as a curse, in consequence of departing 
 from moral rectitude, or the law of God. 
 
 Gonorrhoea. — Symptoms. — Gonorrhoea is a discharge, 
 resembling pus or matter, from the urethra, with heat of 
 urine, etc., after impure coition, to which often succeeds 
 a discharge of mucus from the urethra called a gleet, 
 and which commences a few days after exposure. It 
 begins with an uneasiness about the parts of generation, 
 such as an itching in the glans penis, and a soreness and 
 
VENEREAL DISEASE. 359 
 
 tingling sensation along the whole course of the urethra; 
 soon after which the person perceives an appearance of 
 whitish matter at its orifice, and also some degree of 
 pungency upon making water. 
 
 In the course of a few days the discharge of matter 
 will increase considerably; will assume, most probably, 
 a greenish or yellowish hue, and will become thinner and 
 lose its adhesiveness; the parts will also be occupied 
 with some degree of redness and inflammation; the 
 stream of urine will be smaller than usual, owing to the 
 canal being made narrower by the inflamed state of the 
 internal membrane, and a considerable degree of pain 
 and scalding heat will be experienced on every attempt 
 to make water. 
 
 Where the inflammation prevails in a very high de- 
 gree, it prevents the extension of the urethra, on the 
 taking place of any erection, so that the penis is, at that 
 time, curved downward, with great pain, which is much 
 increased if attempted to be raised; (this is called chor- 
 dee;) and the stimulus occasions it often to be erected, 
 particularly when the patient is warm in bed, and so de- 
 prives him of sleep, producing, in some cases, an involun- 
 tary emission of semen. 
 
 Chancre. — From absorption of the venereal poison, lit- 
 tle eruptions, scabs, and ulcers, arise on different parts 
 of the head of the penis. It usually begins with an 
 itching in the part. A small pimple, full of matter, 
 generally arises, without much hardness or apparent in- 
 flammation or swelling. The itching is gradually chang- 
 ed into pain, and is converted into an ulcer. Its base is 
 hard, and the edges a little prominent. When it begins 
 on the fnenum, or near it, that part is very commonly 
 destroyed, or a hole is made in it by ulceration. When 
 
360 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the disease is more advanced, inflammation is liable to 
 take place. 
 
 Bubo. — When the venereal poison takes its natural 
 course, it becomes absorbed, and usually affects the 
 glands of the groin. This complaint comes on with a 
 pain in the groin, accompanied with some degree of 
 hardness and swelling, and is at first about the size of a 
 kidney bean ; but, continuing to increase, it at length 
 becomes as large as an egg, occasions the person to ex- 
 perience some difficulty in walking, and is attended with 
 a pulsation and throbbing in the tumor, and a great red- 
 ness of the skin. In some cases, the suppuration is 
 quickly completed ; in others, it goes on very slow ; and 
 in others, again, the inflammatory appearances go off 
 without any formation of pus. 
 
 Secondary Symptoms. — Sometimes, from improper treat- 
 ment or other causes, the venereal poison is taken up 
 into the circulation, and the whole system becomes dis- 
 eased. The skin, mouth, throat, tongue, nose, tonsils, 
 palate, eyes, and head become very much diseased. 
 Ulcers are formed, which discharge acrid, foetid matter, 
 which is peculiarly loathsome. The matter sometimes 
 falls on deep-seated parts, such as the tendons, ligaments, 
 and periosteum, and occasions hard, painful swellings to 
 arise, known by the name of nodes. 
 
 When the disease is suffered to proceed, and is not 
 counteracted by the proper remedies, the patient will, in 
 course of time, be afflicted with severe pains, but more 
 particularly in the night-time ; his countenance will be- 
 come sallow ; his hair fall off; lose his appetite, strength, 
 and flesh; rest much disturbed by night, and a small 
 fever of a hectic kind will arise. The ulcers in the 
 mouth and throat being likewise suffered to spread, and 
 

 VENEREAL DISEASE. 361 
 
 to occasion a caries of the bones of the palate, an open- 
 ing will be made from the mouth to the nose ; and the 
 cartilages and bones of the nose being at length corroded 
 away, this will sink to a level with the face ; all which 
 render the wretched patient an object of disgust and 
 severe suffering, and which not unfrequently prove fatal. 
 
 Females who labor under this disease during preg- 
 nancy, communicate the poison to the child in the womb, 
 which sometimes destroys it before it is born ; at other 
 times its effects are seen afterwards, and the poor inno- 
 cent offspring must suffer for the crimes of its parent. 
 What a curse is annexed to a promiscuous intercourse of 
 the sexes; and yet there are some who advocate the 
 practice, under the sanction of religion — yea, the highest 
 holiness. 
 
 Treatment. — Mercury is now almost exclusively relied 
 upon in some form for the cure of this disease, and yet 
 I have to learn that it possesses any specific virtue in re- 
 moving it. In the reliance of physicians upon this 
 poison, they betray their prejudice, error, and ignorance, 
 as long experience and facts demonstrate. 
 
 Setting aside the unpleasant and injurious effects to 
 which mercury subjects the venereal patient, there are 
 other considerations of paramount importance for en- 
 tirely dispensing with it ; which is principally the fact, 
 that no preparation of mercury whatever, according to 
 the experience and observation that I have had, (and it 
 has not been very limited,) has any power, directly or 
 indirectly, of curing the disease in any stage of it ; but, 
 on the contrary, often exasperates, protracts the cure, 
 and brings on the mercurial disease, which is much worse 
 than any form of syphilis. It is frequently itself a source 
 of cutaneous diseases, sore throats, and symptoms, which, 
 without its baneful influence, would never have occurred. 
 
362 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Treatment of Gonorrhoea. — Having shown the inutility, 
 and, in some degree, the injury, of mercury, or the com- 
 mon practice, in the venereal disease, I shall now lay 
 down such a course of treatment as I have found speedily 
 to remove the disease ; and, in justice to the efforts of 
 nature, I must add, that gonorrhoea, as well as other 
 venereal affections, are sometimes spontaneously cured, 
 and very generally by a simple and mild treatment, such 
 as cleanliness, simple dressing, diet, and regulation of 
 the secretions. At the same time, by the use of more 
 active means, the disorder may be sooner eradicated. 
 
 The first medicine to be administered in this state of 
 the disease is, the diuretic drops ; this soon allays the ir- 
 ritation, scalding of the urine, etc. After the inflamma- 
 tory symptoms have subsided, should there remain any 
 gleet, some stimulating injection may be used ; for ex- 
 ample, take ten grains of white vitriol, pulverized ; 
 twenty grains of borax, pulverized; a teaspoonful of 
 elm bark, pulverized : add half a pint of warm water, 
 and inject two or three times a day. If this does not 
 remove it, take cubebs, pulverized, one ounce ; best Hol- 
 land gin, one pint ; spearmint, one ounce : mix, and let 
 it stand to digest ; then take balsam of copaiva, two 
 ounces; oil of wintergreen, one drachm: mix each of 
 the above preparations, and give two teaspoonsful, clear, 
 three times a day, at bed-time in particular. Also, inject 
 a weak solution of sal soda two or three times a day. 
 Dr. Snow, of Boston, who has had much experience in 
 this complaint, makes use of the latter preparations. As 
 a general rule, give the compound powder of mandrake 
 twice a week : avoid all stimulants in eating and drink- 
 ing. Should the skin of the prepuce retract, and be- 
 come inflamed and swollen, an elm poultice may be ap- 
 
VENEREAL DISEASE. 363 
 
 plied, and also the brown ointment. Local and general 
 bathing is very useful. If chordee attend the complaint, 
 take an anodyne at bed-time. After this, if there still 
 be a gleet, inject twice a day with the following : Nitrate 
 of silver, eight grains ; water, two ounces : mix. Grad- 
 ually increase the strength. 
 
 Treatment of Chancre. — The treatment of chancre must 
 be very similar to that of an ordinary ulcer. The in- 
 flammation must first be reduced, by applying the elm 
 bark poultice; also the brown ointment on a pledget of 
 lint. When the inflammation has subsided, apply the 
 black salve ; if the ulcer does not heal under this dressing, 
 let it be sprinkled with the powdered blood-root, daily ; and 
 subsequently, if it does not heal, with caustic. No irri- 
 tation is excited by these powders ; but they change the 
 character of the sore usually in twenty-four hours, caus- 
 ing it rapidly to heal. Every time the sore is dressed, it 
 should be well cleansed with a mixture of castile soap, 
 soft water, and spirits ; any collection of matter in the 
 contiguous parts must be removed with the same. 
 
 I formerly made use of a wash, prepared by adding 
 ten grains of corrosive sublimate to ten ounces of borax 
 or lime water. I attended a female nearly destroyed by 
 a venereal ulcer, which this, applied on lint, cured in 
 three weeks. But instead of this mineral preparation 
 (called the yellow wash), I now use to better effect the 
 vegetable caustic. 
 
 Chancres are often attended with that stage of the dis- 
 ease called phymosis, or paraphymosis, which renders it 
 difficult to make any applications to the ulcers. When 
 this occurs, poultices, cooling lotions, and other means 
 must be applied to remove the inflammation, before any 
 thing can be done to the chancres. Sometimes it is ne- 
 
364 GUIDE TO HEALTH 
 
 cessary to apply them a number of days before the swell- 
 ing subsides ; but there is no necessity of dividing the 
 prepuce, as surgeons recommend, as it only requires a 
 little time to accomplish that for which the operation is 
 recommeded. In addition to these local applications, 
 it will be necessary to attend to the constitution. The 
 mandrake must be given as a purgative ; and the altera- 
 tive syrup may be freely taken, with the addition of hy- 
 drodate of potash, in the proportion of half an ounce 
 to a porter bottleful of the syrup. 
 
 Treatment of Bubo. — "When the poison becomes ab- 
 sorbed, and affects the inguinal glands, particularly as be- 
 fore stated, it is termed a bubo, and our first object 
 should be to discuss or disperse it ; to effect which apply 
 the discutient ointment three or four times a day, rub- 
 bing it in well before the fire ; after which a poultice 
 may be made, by simmering the cicuta leaves in water, 
 and, when soft, the slippery elm bark to be stirred in, to 
 form a poultice ; it may be used constantly, but night is 
 the most convenient time. The patient should be pretty 
 freely purged. Should this attempt to discuss the vene- 
 real tumor of bubo fail, and should the swelling and in- 
 flammation increase, suppuration will probably succeed, 
 which must be promoted, by applying the following 
 poultice : Take the root of wild carrot, (daucus sylves- 
 tris,) bruise, and simmer in milk ; then stir in the elm 
 bark, or our common poultice may be applied to the 
 part, to be secured by proper bandages. 
 
 When symptoms of suppuration appear, which will be 
 known by the subsidence of pain and inflammation, with 
 softness and fluctuation of the bubo, a small opening 
 may be made to let out the matter; or it may be left a 
 short time, to open spontaneously. After it has dis- 
 

 VENEREAL DISEASE. 365 
 
 charged freely, the poultice may be laid aside, and the 
 black plaster or salve substituted. It should be washed 
 with a little soap water and spirits, and, if it does 
 not heal kindly, treated as any other ulcer. See Ulcers. 
 
 Constitutional Affections. — Lues Venerea. — If, from ne- 
 glect, improper treatment, peculiar temperament, or any 
 other, cause, the venereal poison is suffered to be absorbed 
 and taken into the circulating mass, and thus contaminate 
 and affect the whole system, our treatment must be 
 varied, and adapted to this melancholy stage of the 
 complaint. 
 
 Mercury is given in this as well as other stages of the 
 disease, but it does not cure it. The investigations made 
 in the military hospitals of Europe, and in the hospital 
 at Hamburg, by Dr. Trecke, show conclusively that 
 secondary symptoms can be cured without mercury much 
 better than with it ; the experiments were made on five 
 thousand cases, and those who took no mercury did the 
 best. In the treatment of this form of the disease, the 
 object should be to eradicate the poison from the system, 
 which must be by the excretions of the system. The 
 patient may take the mandrake physic once or twice a 
 week ; and the alterative syrup, with the potash, as in 
 bubo. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 I use the Purifying Syrup in preference. 
 
 Scirrhus of the Testicles. — Symptoms. — An enlargement 
 is first observed in the body of the testicle, which be- 
 comes preternaturally hard, and gradually increases in 
 size. An acute, intermitting, lancinating pain ensues ; 
 the color of the integuments becomes livid ; the surface 
 assumes an irregular, knotty appearance ; and often ad- 
 hesion of the skin takes place ; ulceration supervenes ; 
 the edges of the ulcer become livid, sore, hard and re- 
 
366 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 torted ; fungus excrescences sprout forth ; and, if time- 
 ly means are not employed to prevent the extension of 
 the disease, the spermatic cord partakes of the affection, 
 becoming hard and knotty. Emaciation and hectic fever 
 ensues. 
 
 Treatment. — It is recommended to remove the testicle ; 
 but this operation, I believe, is never attended with any 
 success. Sir Astley Cooper, when speaking of this dis- 
 ease, thus remarked : " The operation of castration for 
 this disease is, however, extremely unsuccessful, for it 
 rarely happens that the complaint does not return after 
 the removal of the scirrhus testicle." The same course 
 must be pursued for scirrhus of the testicle as for scirr- 
 hus of any other part. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 Inflammation of the Testicles. — Symptoms. — Pain and 
 enlargement of the affected testicle ; shooting pains along 
 the course of the spermatic cord. The body of the tes- 
 ticle next becomes affected; it swells, appears hard and 
 painful ; the scrotum becomes much enlarged and in- 
 flamed ; there is a distressing pain in the loins ; the sys- 
 tem at length becomes affected with fever, quick, hard 
 pulse, nausea and vomiting. 
 
 Causes. — Inflammation of the testicle may be induced 
 by any of the common causes of inflammation, but is 
 most frequently produced by irritation of the urethra, 
 the matter of gonorrhoea, the improper use of injec- 
 tions, or incautious introduction of a bougie. It often 
 follows a suppression of the gonorrhoea! discharge from 
 cold ; sitting on wet grass is a frequent cause. 
 
 Treatment. — The patient should be put upon a spare 
 regimen, remain in a recumbent posture, with the part 
 suspended by means of the bag-truss, employed for irre- 
 ducible hernia. If the inflammatory symptoms run 
 
VENEREAL DISEASE. 367 
 
 high, subdue them by the ordinary means ; by fomenta- 
 tions, refrigerant washes, poultices, etc. 
 
 The treatment laid down for inflammation in general, 
 must be applied in this disease. Suppuration must be 
 prevented, if possible, by the use of discutient appli- 
 cations. 
 
 The testicle must be bathed two or three times a day 
 with the stramonium ointment ; and, after a short time, 
 let it be changed for the discutient and bittersweet oint- 
 ments. It should be fomented or steamed over bitter 
 herbs once a day, and' continued as long as there is any 
 pain, swelling or inflammation. A plaster may be applied. 
 
 Should the disease still progress, and threaten to sup- 
 purate, apply a stramonium poultice. Simmer the plant 
 in water till it is soft, then stir in a little of the slippery 
 elm bark, sufficient to make it of a proper consistence. 
 This should be applied to the testicle, and kept on by a 
 proper bandage. After suppuration has taken place, or 
 an abscess formed and the matter evacuated, the 
 orifice or orifices must be kept open, by means of 
 tents. Injections must be used the same as for any sin- 
 ous ulcer. In general, I use the alkaline liquid, made 
 strong enough to excite considerable pain for a few min- 
 utes ; the black plaster or salve to be applied as usual. 
 A purgative should be given once or twice a week, and 
 the general health renovated by the exhibition of alter- 
 ative medicines. 
 
 In this manner I have cured some of the worst dis- 
 eases of inflamed and diseased testicles, where other 
 surgeons have been unable to succeed, and where cas- 
 tration has been proposed as the only alternative. — Dr. 
 Beach. 
 
 I once cured a very bad case of this complaint, that 
 
368 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 had been of many years standing. It had become very 
 large and painful. The man had consulted with differ- 
 ent physicians, who advised him to have the diseased 
 testicle removed, which operation the man declined. 
 He had me to examine it. I advised him not to risk 
 that dangerous operation, but first to make a thorough 
 trial to remove the tumor without. He had me try it, 
 and it was a happy result for him ; for in a few months 
 I had the man well, and he has been well ever since. 
 That has been some six or eight years since. 
 
 I punctured the tumor, and after the water was di- 
 minished, I injected a decoction of yellow oak bark 
 (black oak), by adding a little alum dissolved in the de- 
 coction ; then bathed the entire testicle with my All- 
 Healing Liniment, and applied a poultice made of the 
 bark of sumach root, mashed fine, and gum myrrh, pul- 
 verized and boiled in sweet milk. The poultice was 
 often renewed through the day, and each time the ulcer 
 was thoroughly bathed with my All-Healing Liniment, 
 before applying the poultice. I gave at the same time the 
 Mandrake Pills, made of equal parts, of mandrake, pul- 
 verized, jalap and cayenne, and added a mucilage to 
 form into pills. Every day, after the first week, I used 
 the Healing and Strengthening Plaster at night, and 
 the liniment and poultice through the day. The swell- 
 ing, which at first was considerable, under this treat- 
 ment soon subsided, and in a few months the patient got 
 well. After the first week, I gave him the Purifying 
 Syrup, by adding half an ounce of hydrodate of potash 
 to the quart. If the scrotum has become very much^en- 
 larged, it should be punctured before the above treat- 
 ment. 
 
FELON, OR WHITLOW. 369 
 
 felon, or whitlow. — {Paronychia.) 
 
 A whitlow is an inflammation of the fingers, thumb 
 or hand, exceedingly painful, and very much disposed 
 to suppurate. The toes are also sometimes the seat of 
 the disease. 
 
 The pain commences deep, with pricking, throbbing, 
 swelling and inflammation. It proceeds very slowly to 
 suppuration, and often affects the bone and sinews. 
 
 Treatment. — It is customary, in treating felons, to 
 make a deep incision, even down to the bone ; but I have 
 found this practice, in most cases, to make the complaint 
 worse, as much pain and inflammation follow. Some 
 apply blisters, which also prove injurious, while others 
 recommend a bread and milk poultice, most of which 
 treatment I have found to be useless and injurious. 
 
 In treating this complaint successfully, our object 
 should be, if possible, to remove it by resolution, or with- 
 out the formation of pus or matter ; and, if we are not 
 able to accomplish this, to make use of such applications 
 as will favor suppuration, and none will be found so 
 good as the All-Healing and Strengthening Plaster, and 
 my All-Healing Liniment. Nothing will compare with 
 these, and all who once try them will always speak in 
 their favor. The liniment will penetrate to the bone, 
 and bring on a healthy action, and prevent the bone 
 from being affected, and save the finger or hand; the 
 plaster will keep it soft and mild, and prevent a great 
 deal of suffering ; at the same time it possesses a greater 
 healing quality than anything that can be tried. These 
 two articles alone are a host in every variety of sores, 
 swellings, bruises, sprains, w T eak-back, rheumatism, scalds, 
 24 
 
370 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 burns, and for everything that needs healing, or easing 
 pain ; with these two articles, a man may heal as many 
 invalids or wounded, as Samson slew with the jaw-bone 
 of an ass. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE STOMACH. — (Gastritis.) 
 
 Description. — This is an inflammation of the coat or 
 coats of the stomach, characterized by fever, great anxiety, 
 heat, pain over the region of the organ, increased when 
 anything is taken into the stomach ; hiccough, pulse small 
 and hard, and great debility. 
 
 Causes. — Inflammation of the stomach is produced by 
 acrid substances taken into the stomach, such as arsenic, 
 antimony, mercury, etc. Likewise, by food or drink of 
 an improper kind; drinking cold liquor when the body 
 is heated. It may be brought on by inflammation of 
 some of the neighboring parts attacking the stomach, or 
 a sudden check of perspiration from any cause. 
 
 Symptoms. — Burning heat, pain, and swelling, particu- 
 larly after any liquor has been swallowed, hiccough, cold 
 extremities, hard, quick, and tense pulse, pain, which is 
 produced by pressure. There is also great thirst ; when 
 anything is ate or drank, it produces great difficulty of 
 breathing and swallowing ; sometimes syncope and fits 
 will ensue. There is restlessness, with continual tossing 
 of the body, and great prostration of strength. 
 
 Treatment. — There is nothing that will give as quick 
 relief as an emetic. Give emetic 'No. 2, and then sweat 
 freely, and take from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful of 
 my All-Healing Liniment, which will give immediate 
 relief. When the Liniment can not be had, administer 
 the compound tincture of myrrh in its stead. Physic 
 
GIDDINESS — DELIRIUM TREMENS. 371 
 
 should also be given. Bathe the stomach thoroughly 
 with the Liniment, and bathe the feet in weak ley water, 
 as warm as can be borne. 
 
 Regimen. — The food must be light, thin, cool, and easy 
 of digestion, and taken in small quantities. The food 
 should not be cold or hot. Indian gruel is very excellent. 
 
 giddiness. — ( Vertigo) 
 
 Description. — Vertigo or dizziness is generally sympto- 
 matic of some other complaint, such as dyspepsia and hy- 
 pochondria; or it may be a premonitory symptom of 
 apoplexy, or over-determination of blood to the head. 
 
 The patient is suddenly seized with a sense of swim- 
 ming in the head ; everything appears to him to turn 
 round ; he staggers, and is in danger of falling down. 
 This complaint is attended with very little danger where 
 it arises from hysterics, or any nervous disorder ; but 
 when it arises from plethora, or an unnatural quantity of 
 blood in the head, there is danger of apoplexy. 
 
 This complaint often proceeds from difficult or ob- 
 structed menstruation. 
 
 It will be necessary first to ascertain the cause of the 
 complaint. If it is symptomatic of some other disorder, 
 that must first be removed in order to cure it ; but if it 
 be a primary affection, or be apparently seated in the 
 head or stomach, a purgative should be occasionally 
 used, and the feet bathed. If this does not remove it, 
 administer an emetic, and use the tonic wine tincture. 
 
 DELIRIUM TREMENS. — (Mania a Potli.) 
 
 Description. — This is a disease which, in this day, oc- 
 curs among those who are addicted to an excessive use 
 
372 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 of ardent spirits, and such as indulge in the use of opium 
 and other narcotic substances. It is characterized by 
 most of the ordinary signs of insanity. This disease is 
 called, by some, the brain fever of drunkards. 
 
 Causes. — It is difficult to state with certainty what the 
 proximate cause of this complaint may be. Dr. Coates, 
 who wrote a treatise on it, says that " the disease is the 
 result, not of the application, but of the sudden inter- 
 mission of the use of these articles." But it appears to 
 arise from excessive stimulus of the stomach and brain, 
 in which organs the complaint is seated. 
 
 Symptoms. — It commences with nasuea, vomiting, or 
 belching of wind, and sometimes after a sudden disuse, 
 it is said, of stimuli, and in subjects addicted to the use 
 of spirits to excess, without becoming habitually drunk. 
 The complaint seems to come on gradually, and it is 
 several days before it arrives at its greatest degree of 
 violence. There is great wakefulness, walking to and 
 fro, or raving, and the patient seems to be in the greatest 
 agitation and distress of mind. He is very apt to im- 
 agine that there are evil spirits continually before him, 
 or haunting him. " This disease," says Thatcher, " is 
 always attended by febrile symptoms ; and it is one of 
 its peculiarities that the mind is continually haunted with 
 the idea that they are infested by snakes and insects. I 
 have frequently seen patients," says he, "weary in at- 
 tempting to catch snakes, which they imagined were 
 curling about them under their clothes." The counte- 
 nance assumes a peculiar appearance, -expressive of anxie- 
 ty, alarm, and suspicion. The patient becomes irritable, 
 talkative, and often cries out for assistance. He becomes 
 boisterous and raving, being continually tormented with 
 the idea that some one is about to rob or destroy him. 
 
HYSTERICS. 373 
 
 The system is usually more or less disordered during the 
 complaint. There is costiveness, loathing of food, etc. 
 Delirium tremens usually runs its course in four or five 
 days, and often terminates in a fit of epilepsy ; at other 
 times, where it is properly treated, the patient recovers. 
 Treatment — The first object in this complaint will be 
 to allay the paroxysm, and to calm and support the 
 nervous system, and afterward, by a proper course of 
 treatment, to prevent a return of the complaint. Wbv 
 this purpose brandy or spirits may be given, which usu- 
 ally affords immediate relief. Should there be a deter- 
 mination of blood to the head, which may be known by 
 a redness of countenance, a fulness and beating of the 
 carotid arteries, heart, etc, the first object will be to 
 equalize the circulation by recalling the blood to the sur- 
 face and extremities. Give a teaspoonful of the anti- 
 spasmodic tincture every half hour till three or four 
 doses are given ; then give twenty or twenty-five drops 
 of the tincture of fox-glove, every four hours. If the pa- 
 tient, however, can be prevailed upon, commence the 
 treatment by first giving an emetic, then pursue the 
 treatment as indicated above. As soon as the patient is 
 rational, administer a brisk physic; after which give the 
 purifying syrup. 
 
 hysterics. — (Hysteria.) 
 
 Description. — Hysteria or hysterics is characterized by 
 a grumbling noise in the bowels, followed by a ball as- 
 cending to the throat, attended with a sense of suffoca- 
 tion, stupor, insensibility, convulsions, laughing and 
 crying without visible cause, sleep interrupted by sighing 
 and groaning, attended with flatulence. 
 
374 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 However dreadful and alarming a hysteric fit may 
 appear, still it is seldom accompanied with danger ; and 
 the disease never terminates fatally, unless it changes 
 into epilepsy or mania, or the patient is in a very weak 
 and reduced state. 
 
 Treatment. — In the cure of hysteria, two indications 
 are to be attended to. 
 
 The first is, to allay the spasmodic symptoms, which 
 constitute the fit. 
 
 The second, to lessen the excitability of the nervous 
 system, and strengthen the whole frame during the in- 
 termission of the paroxysms. 
 
 During a fit the patient's dress should be loosened, so 
 that the circulation and respiration may be embarrassed 
 as little as possible ; cold water should be sprinkled or 
 rather dashed over the face, the body laid in a recum- 
 bent position, with the head elevated, and a current of 
 air admitted into the apartment. The attendants may 
 be employed in rubbing the temples, abdomen and ex- 
 tremities. It is usual for Ove or six persons to clinch the 
 patient during a hysteric fit, and confine her to the bed, 
 or in a certain position ; but this practice should be 
 avoided. It is best to use only force sufficient to keep 
 the patient from injuring herself or her attendants. "When 
 she suddenly rises and springs from the bed, allow as 
 much latitude, liberty, and motion to the body and limbs 
 as possible. If the patient shows a disposition to roll 
 upon the floor, to use the language of the late Professor 
 Smith, of Eew Haven, " let her roll." 
 
 "When called to treat the disease during the paroxysm, 
 the first object will be to suspend or shorten it. To this 
 end, such measures must be adopted as have a tendency 
 to divert the blood from the centre of the circulating 
 
HYSTERICS. 375 
 
 system toward the extremities ; in other words, to equalize 
 the circulation and nervous excitement. It will, there- 
 fore, be of the first and greatest consequence to immerse 
 the feet and legs in very warm water. If the patient 
 can swallow, give an emetic ; in the next place, adminis- 
 ter the expectorant tincture, which removes the rising 
 in the throat, sense of suffocation, and the phlegm or 
 mucus collected upon the stomach, while at the same 
 time it. throws the blood to the surface and extremities, 
 and makes such an impression upon the brain and ner- 
 vous system, that the paroxysm is often cut short by a 
 single dose, even under the influence of spasms. Where 
 the teeth are tightly clinched, a small quantity of the 
 Expectorant Tincture may be introduced into the mouth 
 between the teeth, which will relax the muscles, cause the 
 patient to open her mouth, and enable her to swallow. 
 Should it, from any cause, be impracticable to adminis- 
 ter medicine, the following injection may be given : Take 
 a strong infusion of catnip or other herb tea, one pint ; 
 milk, half a pint ; sweet or olive oil, one gill ; molasses, one 
 gill ; laudanum, a small teaspoonful ; fine salt, a small tea- 
 spoonful ; mix. Let the whole be, if possible, introduced at 
 a time, bloodwarm, with a French syringe. This alone 
 rarely fails to moderate the symptoms very speedily, and 
 induce a complete intermission of the spasmodic action. 
 It will also be necessary to apply to the abdomen fomen- 
 tations of hops, wormwood and tanzy, equal parts, boiled in 
 vinegar and water, to be renewed as often as the fomen- 
 tation becomes cold. This course will soon bring about 
 an intermission of the hysteric fit- 
 Should the above, however, fail, give the Anodyne 
 Powders. This is infallible under all circumstances and 
 in all cases. I have prescribed it where a number have 
 
376 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 attended the person, under the influence of hysteric fits, 
 for a whole day, and in an hour or two the patient was 
 free from pain, and convalescent. I have now spoken 
 of the treatment of hysteria during a paroxysm; and 
 having suspended it, our next object will be to prevent a 
 recurrence, to which the patient is very liable ; and this 
 must be effected by restoring the tone of the system. "We 
 may commence by giving a moderate cathartic, as this 
 will cleanse the stomach and bowels, and prepare the 
 way for other medicines. After the operation of it, an 
 aperient pill must be taken, to regulate the bowels, which, 
 in this complaint, are habitually constipated; for this 
 purpose I give the anti-dyspeptic pill. Two or three 
 should be taken at bed-time, in a litte currant jelly or 
 roasted apple, to be continued until the bowels become 
 regular. This is very necessary, as the disease is often 
 induced by an inactive or torpid state of them, causing 
 foetid gases and feculent matter to accumulate in the in- 
 testines. During the day the patient should take from 
 half a wine glass to a wine glassful of the Restorative 
 Cordial or Bitters. This preparation invariably im- 
 proves the condition of the patient ; it creates an appe- 
 tite, gives tone and energy to the nervous system, and 
 prevents a recurrence of the hysteric paroxysm. 
 
 Where we wish to effect a radical cure, a mild emetic 
 may be given once a week. It is only necessary to ex- 
 cite gentle vomiting, which contributes much toward the 
 cure by imparting tone and energy to the stomach and 
 nerves. 
 
 With me, the above treatment has uniformly and in- 
 variably been successful. I have been called to the pa- 
 tient when she has been nearly destroyed by thelancet— 
 a succession of paroxysms immediately attending its 
 

 wounds, 377 
 
 use — irritable, delirious and extremely feeble ; the counte- 
 nance almost as white as marble ; and, by discontinuing 
 such practice, and substituting the course here recom- 
 mended, a remission of all the hysteric and nervous 
 symptoms have followed, with convalescence and re- 
 covery. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 I have always found that in this complaint there was 
 great debility, and I have never discovered anything 
 better calculated to impart tone and vigor to the system, 
 than the Nervous Pills, Anti-Spasmodic Tincture, and 
 the Purifying Syrup; to the syrup the hydrodate of 
 potash should always be added. 
 
 There is no disorder that requires more care and at- 
 tention, as regards diet, soothing treatment, etc. Let the 
 diet be light and nourishing. ISTo unkind or censorious 
 language should be used toward the patient. 
 
 WOUNDS. 
 
 Under this head, Dr. Beach, in his " Family Physician," 
 thus remarks upon gun-shot wounds, poisoned wounds, 
 etc.: 
 
 Gun- Shot Wounds. — When the ball, or any other 
 foreign matter introduced into the wound, is not carried 
 through, but remains, it ought to be removed, if this can 
 be done without any serious cutting or searching ; for 
 such extraneous substances often acquire a fibrous cyst, 
 and cause no disagreeable symptoms. The finger is the 
 best probe for detecting the ball or other foreign body ; 
 and when farther search is requisite to find it, the nature 
 of the tissues concerned ought to be carefully considered, 
 since the direction of its course is much affected by those 
 of dense and unyielding structure, as the bones, muscles, 
 
378 
 
 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 and even the skin. The velocity of the ball, and the 
 position of the body when it entered, ought also to be 
 taken into account. The forceps is the best instrument 
 to extract it, when this step is practicable. 
 
 It is recommended to dilate all gun-shot wounds ; but 
 this practice is attended with very little benefit ; on the 
 contrary, with much mischief, except the ball is within 
 reach, and it becomes necessary to remove it. 
 
 If there is much pain, swelling, or inflammation, apply 
 a ley poultice. 
 
 Poisoned Wounds. — Of the Bite of the Rattlesnake. — Nau- 
 sea ; a full, strong, agitated pulse ; swelling of the whole 
 body ; the eyes much diffused with blood ; sometimes 
 copious bloody sweats ; fainting ; and often hemorrhages 
 from the eyes, nose, and ears. The teeth chatter, and 
 the pains and groans of the sufferer indicate his ap- 
 proaching dissolution. 
 
 Treatment. — Indications of Cure. — 1. To prevent the 
 absorption of the poison. 
 
 2. To counteract its destructive effects when already 
 introduced into the system. 
 
 1st. "When a person has been bitten by any kind of a 
 snake that is poisonous, as a rattle-snake or adder, a cup 
 should be applied to the part as soon as possible ; after 
 it has drawn awhile, use the scarificators, apply the cups 
 again, and thus extract as much fluid as the circumstance 
 will admit. 
 
 The efficacy of cupping in poisoned wounds has been 
 well tested in experiments made upon animals which 
 had been bitten ; it has proved that those to which the 
 cups were applied experienced no bad effect of the poison', 
 while the others soon died. This operation prevents the 
 absorption of the poison. 
 
wounds. 379 
 
 2d. As soon as the wound has been cupped, apply 
 the vegetable caustic, to be repeated twice a day. 
 
 3rd. Make a strong decoction of the common plan- 
 tain, and wash the wound with it ; keep it wet also with 
 salt and water ; after which mix it with the slippery elm 
 bark, add freely of sweet oil, and apply it constantly, or 
 as long as there is any swelling or inflammation. This 
 has proved very effectual in poisoned wounds. The 
 plantain has been found a certain antidote against the 
 bites of different animals. Salt is also very good. 
 
 I have read an account of a battle fought between a 
 toad and a snake, in which the former, whenever he was 
 bitten, repaired immediately to a little distance and ate 
 the leaves of the plantain, after which he returned and 
 renewed the conflict. The person who witnessed the 
 scene, after a short time plucked up the root, and when 
 the animal was deprived of it he immediately died, thus 
 demonstrating the power of the plant. This production 
 forms the basis of a recipe for the cure of poisoned 
 wounds, which was long and successfully used by a ne- 
 gro named Csesar, residing in one of the Southern States ; 
 his master gave him his liberty, on condition that he 
 would publish the recipe. It may be drank internally, 
 and applied externally. 
 
 4th. An ounce of olive oil must be taken by the pa- 
 tient every day, and the cupping repeated. It is now 
 customary to cut out the part wounded ; but this is cruel 
 and unnecessary. 
 
 A singular case of poisoned wound, from the bite of a 
 rattle-snake, occurred some years since, under the obser- 
 vation of Dr. S. T. Barstow, of Wilkesbarre, Pennsylva- 
 nia, and in some respects is perfectly anomalous. 
 
 A lady, in the fourth or fifth month of her pregnancy, 
 
380 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 was bitten by a rattle-snake; under proper treatment 
 sbe at length, recovered from the symptoms usually con- 
 sequent upon such wounds. At the full period of ges- 
 tation she was safely delivered of a fine, healthy looking 
 child ; but immediately on its being applied to the breast, 
 and allowing it to suck, the child assumed the peculiar 
 hues of the rattle-snake, swelled exceedingly, and soon 
 died. She then procured a puppy to relieve her breast, 
 which died in two days of the same symptoms. A lamb 
 was then tried ; and, in succession, one puppy and three 
 lambs shared the same fate. Another puppy was then 
 procured, which escaped with its life, but exhibited some 
 of the symptoms which had proved fatal to its predeces- 
 sors. The lady remained all this time without any symp- 
 tom of the disease, and had as rapid a convalescence 
 from parturition as is usually observed. 
 
 The poison seems to have been excreted by the process 
 of lactation ; for the second year afterwards she bad 
 another child, and thougb she applied it to her breasts, 
 not without fearful forebodings, yet no evil consequences 
 resulted. 
 
 My own practice of snake-bite is not extensive, and 
 what little I have had, I depended entirely on my All- 
 Healing and Strengthening Liniment, which has in my 
 own practice, and wherever it has been used, performed 
 a perfect cure in a very short time. It in a few hours 
 eases the pain, reduces the swelling, destroys the poi- 
 son, and leaves the patient free from its effects. If applied 
 immediately, it will effectually cure the bite of a rattle- 
 snake in forty hours, and the person will never feel any 
 more of its effects. Those living or traveling among 
 those reptiles, should always have a supply on hand. 
 
PAET III. 
 
 SURGERY. 
 
 Connection between Physic and Surgery. — It has been, 
 and still is, customary to make a distinction between 
 physic and surgery, committing the two branches to dif- 
 ferent sets of men. But this distinction is not well 
 founded, since it is impossible to decide where either 
 branch begins or ends. Internal diseases have been as- 
 signed to the physician — external to the surgeon. Un- 
 fortunately for this notion, nature has connected the out- 
 side and inside so closely, that we can hardly say where 
 one ends and the other begins. Internal causes produce 
 external diseases, as we see in erysipelas, carbuncle, etc. ; 
 while external agencies affect internal parts, as in rheu- 
 matic affections and wounds; and injuries produce fever. 
 By keeping these branches separate, two persons would 
 be required to treat one patient of the same disease or 
 accident. 
 
 Sympathy. — The doctrine of sympathy should be well 
 understood, otherwise a wrong opinion may be formed 
 of diseases. Such is the intimate connection between 
 distant parts, that if one organ is affected, another, con- 
 tiguous or remote from it, may also be disordered. For 
 instance, if the stomach is deranged, it may cause a sick 
 headache; if the liver is disordered, the stomach, bowels, 
 head, and shoulders, by sympathy, feel the effects. The 
 irritation of the womb, in pregnancy, causes vomiting, 
 
382 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 as also will an injury of the head. In the white-swell- 
 ing of the knee, the pain may be felt in the hip. In 
 treatment the attention must be directed to the primary, 
 and not to the symtomatic disease. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 For the reasons above mentioned, that Physic and 
 Surgery are so closely united as not to know where to 
 leave off one and begin the other, I have not taken that 
 pains to classify this work under different and distinct 
 heads, that is generally done. 
 
 However, I think that the reader will find it suffi- 
 ciently classified to meet the wants of most of people. 
 This is all that any one can expect in a work of this kind. 
 
 Inasmuch as I do not profess to be a surgeon, or to 
 understand the various branches of surgery, I shall con- 
 fine myself to the observations and practice of Dr. Beach, 
 as his is the best treatise I have ever read on this sub- 
 ject, or, indeed, upon anything else, of which it treats. 
 
 To describe all the operations of surgery, termed under 
 the head of surgery, and to point out the different dis- 
 eases in which these operations are necessary, would ex- 
 tend this article far beyond the limits allotted to me in 
 this work. I must, therefore, confine my observations 
 to such cases as most generally occur, and where proper 
 assistance is not always to be obtained. 
 
 Though an acquaintance with the human body is in- 
 dispensably necessary to qualify a man for being an ex- 
 pert surgeon, yet many things may be clone to save the 
 lives of their fellow-men, in emergencies, by those who 
 are not adepts in anatomy. "W. Buchan, M. D., remarks : 
 " It is amazing with what facility the peasants daily 
 perform operations upon brute animals, which are not 
 of a less difficult nature than those performed on the 
 human species, yet they seldom fail of success." 
 
SURGERY. 383 
 
 Indeed, any man is in some measure a surgeon, 
 whether he will or not. He feels an inclination to assist 
 his fellow-men in distress ; accidents happen every hour, 
 which give occasion to exercise this feeling. The feel- 
 ings of the heart, however, when not directed by the 
 judgment, are apt to mislead. Thus one, by a rash at- 
 tempt to save his friend, may sometimes destroy him; 
 while another, for fear of doing amiss, stands still and 
 sees his bosom friend expire, without so much as at- 
 tempting to relieve him, even when the means are in 
 his power. As every good man would wish to steer a 
 course different from either of these, it will, no doubt, 
 be agreeable to him to know what ought to be done in 
 such emergencies. 
 
 Fractures. — In this, I shall generally adopt W. Beach, 
 M. D., for the obvious reason that it is the only work I 
 ever saw that so completely agrees with my own views 
 on this subject. Fracture is a division of the bone into 
 two or more fragments, generally occasioned by external 
 violence. 
 
 Species. — 1. Simple, when the bone has been divided, and 
 the integuments remain unimpaired. 
 
 2. Compound, where there is a corresponding wound 
 in the soft parts, by which the fractured extremity of the 
 bone becomes exposed. 
 
 Causes. — Predisposing. — Certain diseases of the bone, 
 as abscess, friability or white-swelling, etc. 
 Exciting. — External violence. 
 
 Symptoms. — Some of the symptoms of fractures are 
 equivocal. The pain and inability to move the limb, 
 commonly enumerated, may arise from a mere bruise, a 
 dislocation, or other causes. The grating, the separation 
 and inequalities of the end of the fracture, when the 
 
384 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 bone is superficial; the change in the form of the 
 limb, and the shortening of it, are circumstances commu- 
 nicating the most certain information. The signs of 
 fractures, however, are so exceedingly various, according 
 to the bones which are the subject of injury, that it can- 
 not be said that there is any which are invariably present 
 and characteristically confined to them. Loss of motion 
 in the injured limb, deformity, swelling, tension, pains, 
 etc., are usually noticed as forming the usual knowledge 
 of fractures. The crepitus or grating sensation, or noises 
 occasioned by the end of a fracture, when they are 
 moved and rubbed against each other, is one of the 
 most positive symptoms of the existence of such an ac- 
 cident. 
 
 Treatment of Fractures in General. — In the treatment 
 of fractures in general, there are three indications to be 
 fulfilled. 
 
 First : To replace or reduce the fractured or broken 
 bones into their original or natural situation. 
 
 Second : To secure and keep them in their situation. 
 
 Third: To prevent excessive inflammation and pain. 
 This I have never had any difficulty with, as I have al- 
 ways been able to effectually manage inflammation of any 
 kind, by the free use of my All-Healing Liniment, 
 and my All-Healing and Strengthening Plaster, and when 
 the case was not of the worst character, I just keep the 
 parts effectually wet with the Compound Tincture of 
 Myrrh till well, which will be found excellent in many 
 cases, and of every variety of wounds and sores, fresh 
 and old. 
 
 1st. Examination of Fractures. — "When called to an 
 accident of this kind, it will first be necessary carefully 
 to examine and ascertain whether the bone or limb is 
 
SURGERY. 385 
 
 fractured. By passing the finger or thumb along the course 
 of the bones, the fracture can generally be felt : there is 
 an unevenness or roughness communicated; a depres- 
 sion ; and upon rotating or turning the fractured limb, a 
 grating noise is heard or ajar felt. Besides, there is an 
 inability to raise or move the limb, and it is usually 
 shorter than the opposite one. Having ascertained the 
 nature of the accident, the next step will be to remove 
 the patient to his residence, or to the place where he is 
 permanently to remain ; if he is to be removed to any 
 distance, the bones may be temporarily secured by splints. 
 Having arrived or been carried to the destined place, 
 preparations must next be made for reducing and dress- 
 ing. If splints have not already been provided, they 
 should now be made of a proper width and length, ac- 
 cording to the part which requires their application ; and 
 they must be properly covered. Next, bandages must 
 be prepared; muslin will answer, but those made of 
 linen are preferable. They should be made three or 
 four inches wide, and several yards in length, and rolled 
 up for use. Having made the necessary preparations, 
 the patient must be placed on a bed or mattress, and 
 gradual extension and counter extension made; provided, 
 one bone rides another, or is not already in coaptation. 
 It is quite erroneous to suppose that force or much ex- 
 tension is necessary in reducing all fractures. In all of 
 those that I have attended, the ends of the bones have 
 been in contact with each other, or nearly so, except one, 
 so that very little force has been necessary to be employ- 
 ed. The physician or bone-setter should take hold of 
 the lower limb, if the fracture be upon a limb, while an 
 assistant grasps or holds the upper portion of it, and, 
 upon slight extension, examination should be made to as- 
 25 
 
386 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 certain whether the fractured bones are in a straight or di- 
 rect line with each other ; and, also, whether the ends of the 
 bones are even, or in no respect depressed, one below the 
 other, as these are the distinguishing marks, or the crite- 
 rion which will enable us to judge whether the y are brought 
 properly together, or in coaptation. It is true, that when 
 swelling comes on, it is impossible always to decide, by the 
 touch, in what degree we have accomplished an object ; we 
 are obliged to judge by the relative position of the joints 
 above and below the fracture, and the general aspect of 
 the limb. I have often desisted from my unavailing ef- 
 forts to reduce a fractured limb to a right position, the 
 spasms that were excited being so violent as to threaten a 
 protrusion of the bones through the skin ; and yet have 
 found no difficulty in bringing the bones into a very sat- 
 isfactory position. In many cases it has appeared to me 
 that the coaptation has been effected by the action of the 
 muscles themselves ; for when, on the subsequent day, I 
 had removed the splints, I have felt so well satisfied with 
 the general position, that I have done nothing more, and 
 each succeeding day found less cause for interference. 
 In these cases, upon the subsidence of the swelling, 
 scarcely any irregularity could be perceived in the out- 
 line of the bone. The bones being properly adjusted, the 
 bandage will be put round the limb, commencing below 
 and rising upward, or from the inferior extremity, and 
 continuing it to the top, a suitable distance above and 
 below the place of fracture. After covering the limb, 
 let the bandage be still held, and splints, as many as are 
 necessary, be placed around it to give security; and let 
 these be held by an assistant. The roller must then be 
 continued over the splints, until they are sufficiently com- 
 pressed to keep the bones in their proper places, or in 
 coaptation. I sometimes fold a piece of linen the width 
 
SURGERY. 387 
 
 of the splints a number of times, to place them upon, in 
 order to prevent undue pressure. When this has been 
 accomplished, tape or narrow strips of linen may be tied 
 round in two or three places, to render the dressings and 
 fractured bones still more secure. 
 
 The bandage must not be put on too tight, as the 
 swelling that always follows will excite too much pain 
 by impeding circulation. The limb may now be placed 
 upon a pillow, a little flexed or bent, and kept in an easy 
 and quiet position. 
 
 A decoction made by boiling wormwood and hops in 
 vinegar, may be applied to prevent and diminish excess- 
 ive inflammation, and after this application has been 
 continued awhile, it may be discontinued. 
 
 After the parts have been wet with the liquid, a cloth 
 should be laid over, to prevent too much evaporation. 
 
 But the most effectual remedy I have ever tried, is my 
 All-Healing Liniment, or the Compound Tincture of 
 Myrrh. All that art can do toward the reunion of a 
 fractured bone, is to lay it perfectly straight in its origi- 
 nal situation, secure it in that position, keep it easy, and 
 moderate from excessive inflammation. 
 
 All tight bandages are injurious. It is in this way 
 that excess of art does mischief. Indeed, fractures may 
 be successfully treated without either the use of splints 
 ©r bandages. It is not necessary often to remove the 
 dressings to examine the fracture, provided we have no 
 just ground to suppose that there is any displacement. 
 It is sufficient to remove them occasionally, or as often 
 as the bandages become loose, from a subsidence of the 
 swelling or other causes. As a general rule, once a week 
 is sufficient, except we have some doubt on our mind 
 respecting the bones being in contact, or in their proper 
 
388 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 places. The patient should lay in a horizontal position 
 as much as possible ; and should twitching of the ten- 
 dons occur, or much pain, an anodyne may be given, 
 particularly at bed-time: but if the fractured part be 
 kept wet with the Compound Tincture of Myrrh, or 
 what is still better, my All-Healing Liniment, it will 
 prevent the twitching of tendons, etc. When the in- 
 flammation and swelling have subsided, the parts maybe 
 bathed with the spirits of camphor, and afterwards a 
 strengthening plaster applied. 
 
 Treatment of Compound Fracture. — In the treatment 
 of compound fracture we are governed by the same 
 principles as in simple fractures. The wound is to be 
 cleansed of all extraneous substances, such as splinters 
 of bone, dirt, etc., which should' be removed with all pos- 
 sible gentleness, without pain, violence, or leceration; 
 for if the parts surrounding the fracture be farther in- 
 jured, inflammation will be the consequence, and prove 
 very injurious. There is no necessity for exciting any 
 additional pain by probing, or any harsh means what- 
 ever. 
 
 Reduction of, or setting a compound fracture, is the 
 same as in the simple ; that is, the intention in both is 
 the same, viz : by means of a proper degree of extension 
 to obtain as apt a position of the ends of the fracture, 
 with regard to each other, as the nature of the case will 
 admit, and thereby produce as perfect and speedy a union 
 as possible. The wounds being cleared from any loose 
 pieces of bone or other substances, the next thing to be 
 done is to apply a dressing. The wound must be treated 
 the same as any other ; the edges gently brought in con- 
 tact as nearly as possible, a*id then two or three strips 
 of adhesive plaster applied to secure them, thus afford- 
 
SURGERY. 389 
 
 ing an opportunity to heal without suppuration. Lint 
 should be placed over this, and then the healing and 
 strengthening plaster. 
 
 Shortly after the bone is broken, osseous matter is de- 
 posited by the vessels, which forms a callus and unites 
 it. This shows a wonderful provision of nature to cure 
 such accidents ; and so powerful is this principle, that it 
 proves effectual under the most disadvantageous circum- 
 stances. A bone will unite even without bandages, 
 splints, or any other application, either internal or ex- 
 ternal, and that, too, when it is subject to a considerable 
 degree of motion. I lately had an opportunity of seeing 
 this exemplified in the case of a dog that broke his leg. 
 I daily saw it, and had thought of applying splints 
 and bandages, but neglected it. The poor animal kept 
 constantly in motion, and the limb also, with more or 
 less pressure upon the ground. After a short time the 
 bone united, and the dog walked as well as ever, leaving, 
 however, the limb a little crooked or deformed. A cow 
 also broke her leg ; as an experiment, it was set, and bark 
 taken from a tree and applied to the fractured limb, and 
 firmly bound on. It united very handsomely, and the 
 cow was as useful as formerly. A fact of practical im- 
 portance should be drawn from this: instead of killing 
 veluable animals when a bone is broken, they may, in 
 this manner, be saved and rendered as serviceable as ever. 
 
 "When a requisite time for a broken bone to become 
 firmly united has elapsed, it is proper to examine care- 
 fully and cautiously the place of the fracture, in order 
 to learn whether the callus has acquired a suitable de- 
 gree of strength. If the bone should be found to bend 
 in the least at the injured part, the callus is not sufficient- 
 ly strong, and the limb must be immediately put up in 
 
390 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the apparatus again, with a view of preventing a new 
 fracture, or at all events, deformity. For the same rea- 
 sons the patient should not be allowed to make use of his 
 limb as soon as the fracture has united. In fractures of 
 the lower extremity, he ought to use crutches, and only 
 let the weight of the trunk bear by degrees upon the in- 
 jured limb; from neglect of this precaution the callus 
 has been known to be absorbed, the limb to be shortened, 
 and the patient become a cripple. An accidental slip 
 may also produce the fracture again ; for the callus, so 
 far from being firmer than the rest of the bone, is at first 
 much weaker. 
 
 I have often been astonished to see the treatment 
 practiced by different persons in cases of fracture. There 
 is no uniformity among them, and the majority appear 
 to be governed by no principles whatever. One prac- 
 tioner extends and binds down a limb in the most absurd 
 manner, and thus tortures the patient, while another 
 uses Desault's long splint, which is another species of 
 torture. Another confines the limb in a box, with little 
 or no other treatment. There is no branch of surgery 
 that is more simple or more easy of treatment than frac- 
 tures or dislocations. 
 
 I have had some share of practice in them, and should 
 really feel mortified and ashamed if a single case that I 
 ever treated could be exhibited in which there was any 
 deformity or bad management. 
 
 Particular Fractures. — I have thus given the general 
 rules by which we are to be governed in the treatment 
 of fractures in general, which, if kept in view, are suffi- 
 cient to enable us successfully to treat particular fractures, 
 or every species or variety of them. 
 
OR SORE MOUTH. 391 
 
 ■(Apthce.) 
 
 Description. — This is a disease to which children more 
 particularly are subject. 
 
 It appears in small white ulcers upon the tongue, 
 gums, and around the mouth and palate, resembling 
 small particles of curdled milk. When the disease is 
 mild, it is confined to these parts ; but when violent, and 
 of long standing, it may extend through the whole course 
 of the alimentary canal, from the mouth down to the 
 anus, and excite severe purgings, flatulencies, and other 
 disagreeable symptoms. The disease, when recent, and 
 confined to the mouth, may, in general, be easily re- 
 moved ; but when of long standing, and extending down 
 to the stomach and intestines, with improper treatment, 
 it often proves fatal. 
 
 Causes. — Retention of acrid humors, turned upward 
 upon the mouth, stomach and intestines. 
 
 Treatment. — When the disease is seated, it may some- 
 times be necessary to give a gentle emetic; but, in gen- 
 eral, purgatives are sufficient ; the neutralizing mixture 
 or cordial may be taken until it acts upon the bowels, to 
 be occasionally repeated ; and let the mouth be washed 
 with the following gurgle : Take' sage, hyssop, sumach 
 berries, equal parts ; make a strong decoction, sweeten 
 with honey, and to half a pint of it, add half a teaspoon- 
 ful of pulverized borax ; let the mouth be often washed 
 with this. The child should take for nourishment In- 
 dian meal gruel, milk, etc. A tea made of the red rasp- 
 berry leaves is also good for this complaint. 
 
 I lately prescribed ipecac pills to an adult for a ease of 
 canker, which soon effected a cure without any wash ; 
 
892 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 one pill, containing two or three grains, was given three 
 times a day. For the sores in the month, apply pulver- 
 ized burnt alum'. 
 
 During the revolutionary war the following gurgle 
 cured all cases of canker and putrid sore mouth, which 
 was then very prevalent, and previously carried off many 
 persons: Take white oak bark, white elm bark, (not 
 slippery elm,) high blackberry root bark, bark of the root 
 of sumach, nanny berry bark, black snake-root, (it is 
 a small, black, bitter root :) bruise and boil all together, 
 and make a strong decoction ; then add a piece of alum, 
 sweeten with molasses, and bottle for use : gurgle the 
 throat and wash the mouth. The complaint may first 
 grow a little worse. This, it is stated, cured all. It 
 must be excellent for all kinds of ulcers. 
 
 The following preparation cured a very severe case of 
 canker : Gold thread, one quarter of a pound ; add one 
 quart of water, boil out the strength, strain, add one 
 quarter of a pound of sugar, (loaf,) simmer to three gills; 
 add French brandy to preserve it ; dose, half a wine 
 glassful two or three times a day ; keep the mouth and 
 stomach moist with it ; in some cases it might be best to 
 omit the brandy. In very obstinate cases, where other 
 means fail, use the following liquid: Muriatic acid, ten 
 drops, rose water, twenty drops ; mix, apply a drop to 
 each ulcer once or twice a day. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 vomiting. — (JEmesis .) 
 
 It is sometimes the case that persons are taken with 
 vomiting without any apparent cause, and when it does 
 not proceed from other complaints, or, in other words, is 
 not a symptomatic disease. The stomach, from various 
 
VOMITING. 393 
 
 causes, becomes irritable, and everything taken into it is 
 ejected. "When this is the case, and it does not apparently 
 proceed from some particular disease, our attention must 
 be directed exclusively to the symptom of vomiting. A 
 solution of saleratus should be frequently given ; a drachm 
 may be added to eight ounces of mint water, and a table- 
 spoonful given as often as retching, nausea, or vomiting 
 occurs, or the neutralizing mixture. Should not this 
 check it, give equal parts of essence of peppermint, 
 laudanum, and spirits of camphor, twenty drops of each 
 in spearmint tea. An infusion of peppermint may be 
 occasionally drank. The common soda powders are 
 often sufficient to put a stop to ordinary vomiting. If 
 the complaint is very violent, apply mustard paste over 
 the region of the stomach. The following plaster has 
 also been found very effectual in allaying the irritability 
 of the stomach : Take equal parts of cloves, nutmegs, 
 allspice, and ginger ; pulverize, and add sufficient Indian 
 meal and vinegar to form a plaster, to be applied to the 
 pit of the stomach ; bathing the feet has also an excel- 
 lent effect. "When all other means fail, the exhibition of 
 an opium pill has stopped the vomiting. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 [A tea made of burnt feathers will almost universally 
 stop vomiting.] 
 
 vomiting of blood. — (Hoematemesis.) 
 
 Description. — By this disease, we understand a dis- 
 charge of blood by the mouth, generally in a consider- 
 able quantity, attended with retching or vomiting, and 
 without its being characterized by those symptoms at- 
 tendant on bleeding at the lungs. 
 
 Causes. — This disease may arise from wounds, blows, 
 
394 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 bruises, or anything which causes too great a flow of 
 blood to this organ; from a suppression of the menses, 
 or the bleeding piles ; or it may be symptomatic of some 
 other disease. It more generally, however, arises from 
 debility, a relaxation of certain blood-vessels, etc. 
 
 A vomiting of blood is readily to be distinguished 
 from a discharge from the lungs, by its being usually 
 preceded with a sense of weight, pain, or anxiety in the 
 region of the stomach ; unaccompanied with coughing ; 
 the blood being discharged in a very considerable quan- 
 tity, and of a dark color ; and, lastly, by its being mixed 
 with the other contents of the stomach. 
 
 If the disease arises from a suppression of the menses, 
 let means be taken to restore them, by appropriate reme- 
 dies ; in all cases it will be necessary to divert the blood 
 from the seat of the complaint to its original channels. 
 The feet must be bathed, and perspiration promoted or 
 restored. I have found purgatives very useful, which may 
 be given about once a week, or according to the urgency of 
 the symptoms ; they will remove the oppression and load 
 at the stomach, and the sense of fulness which accompanies 
 this complaint, and, by their revulsive effects, will heal 
 the diseased blood-vessels. If called to suppress a co- 
 pious bleeding from the mouth, it will be necessary to 
 administer astringents. A little common salt will often 
 suppress the discharge, to be taken every two hours in 
 water ; alum water is also good. If these fail, give a 
 decoction of beth root. After the hemorrhage is stopped, 
 strengthening medicine must be given, for which the re- 
 storative and wine bitters are very valuable. The anti- 
 dyspeptic pill should be given, to keep the bowels in a 
 soluble state; and even though they be soluble, a pur- 
 gative must occasionally be administered. The patient 
 
SPITTING OF BLOOD. 395 
 
 should exercise moderately, and never fatigue or strain 
 himself in any way; likewise, avoid sadden transitions 
 from heat to cold : he will find it serviceable to wear a 
 strengthening plaster on the pit of the stomach. His 
 diet should be light, but nutritious. A cold decoction of 
 the bugle weed or water hoarhound (lycopus Virginicus) 
 may be used for constant drink, and also the flea bane ; 
 they are tonic and astringent. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 spitting of blood. — {Hoemojptysis) 
 
 Description. — This disease is characterized by coughing 
 up florid or frothy blood, preceded usually by heat or 
 pain in the chest, irritation in the wind-pipe, and a saltish 
 taste in the mouth. It is readily to be distinguished 
 from vomiting of blood, as in this last the blood is usually 
 thrown out in considerable quantities ; and is, moreover, 
 of a darker color, more grumous, and mixed with the 
 other contents of the stomach ; whereas blood proceed- 
 ing from the lungs is usually in small quantity, of a florid 
 color, and mixed with a little frothy mucus only. 
 
 Causes. — A spitting of blood arises most usually be- 
 tween the ages of sixteen and twenty-five, and may be oc- 
 casioned by any violent exertion, either in running, 
 jumping, wrestling, singing loud, or blowing on wind 
 instruments ; likewise by wounds, plethora, weak vessels, 
 hectic fever, coughs, irregular living, excessive drinking, 
 or a suppression of some accustomed discharge, such as 
 the menstrual. Persons in whom there is a faulty pro- 
 portion, either in the vessels of the lungs or in the ca- 
 pacity of the chest, being distinguised by a narrow thorax 
 and prominent shoulders, or who are delicately formed 
 and of a sanguine temperament, seem much predisposed 
 
396 GUIDE TO HEALTH 
 
 to this hemorrhage ; but in these the complaint is often 
 brought on by the concurrence of various occasional and 
 exciting causes before mentioned. A spitting of blood 
 is not, however, always to be considered as a primary 
 disease ; it is frequently only a symptom ; in some dis- 
 orders, such as pleurisies, peripneumonies, and many 
 fevers, it often arises, and is the presage of a favorable 
 termination. 
 
 Symptoms. — Sometimes it is preceded by bleeding at 
 the lungs, a dry tickling cough, and some slight difficulty 
 of breathing ; at other times it is ushered in with shiv- 
 erings, coldness at the extremities, pains in the back and 
 loins, flatulence, costiveness, and lassitude. The blood 
 that is spit up is generally thin and of a florid red color ; 
 but sometimes it is thick, and of a dark or blackish cast ; 
 nothing, however, can be inferred from this circumstance, 
 except that the blood has lain a longer or shorter time 
 in the breast before it was discharged. It is not attended 
 with danger where no symptoms of consumption have 
 preceded or accompanied the hemorrhage, or where it 
 leaves behind no cough, dyspnoea, or other affection of 
 the lungs ; nor is it so dangerous in a strong, healthy per- 
 son, of a sound constitution ; but when it attacks persons 
 of a weak, lax, fibre, and delicate habit, it may be diffi- 
 cult to remove it. 
 
 Treatment. — For the bleeding pursue the same treat- 
 ment as pointed out for the preceding disease ; in addi- 
 tion to which, a strong decoction of the bugle weed, cold, 
 may be freely taken as soon as the hemorrhage has sub- 
 sided, in order to prevent a recurrence of it ; the purify- 
 ing syrup should be taken, and the ordinary course 
 pursued, to equalize the circulation. A decoction of flea 
 bane is also very good to arrest the bleeding ; where the 
 bleeding is very bad, give the anodyne powders. 
 
BLEEDING AT THE NOSE. ♦ 397 
 
 I once attended a case of this kind, where the patient 
 bled two gallons in a short time, and yet he recovered, — 
 Dr. Beach. 
 
 BLEEDING AT THE NOSE. — (UpistdXlS.) 
 
 Description. — In the nose there is considerable network of 
 blood-vessels expanded on the internal surface of the nos- 
 trils, and covered only with a thin tegument ; hence upon 
 any determination of a greater quantity of blood than ordi- 
 nary to the vessels of the head, those of the nose are 
 easily ruptured. In general, the blood flows only from 
 one nostril ; but in some cases it is discharged from both, 
 then showing a more considerable disease. Persons of 
 sanguine and plethoric habits, and not yet advanced to 
 manhood, are very liable to be attacked with this com- 
 plaint. Females are much less subject to it than males, 
 particularly after menstruation has commenced. Pe- 
 culiar weakness in the vessels of the part, and the de- 
 cline of life, may also be considered as predisposing 
 causes. Great heat, violent exertion, external violence, 
 particular postures of the body, and everything that de- 
 termines the blood to the head, are exciting causes. 
 
 Bleeding at the nose comes on at times without any 
 previous warning ; but at others it is preceded by a pain 
 and heaviness of the head, vertigo, flushing in the face, 
 heat and itching in the nostrils, a throbbing of the tem- 
 poral arteries, and a quickness of the pulse. In some 
 instances a coldness of the feet, and shivering of the 
 whole tt body, together with costiveness, are observed to 
 precede an attack of this hemorrhage. 
 
 Treatment. — In general bleeding at the nose soon ceases ; 
 but this is not always the case, as it sometimes proves very 
 
398 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 serious. When a person has bled from the nose some 
 length of time, it is necessary to take proper means to 
 check it ; and in most cases it may be easily done by di- 
 verting the blood from the head, and throwing it back 
 to the extremities and surface, which must be effected 
 by the usual means to equalize the circulation ; the feet 
 must be immediately immersed in a tub of warm ley 
 water, and hyssop or pennyroyal tea taken to produce 
 perspiration ; this will generally stop it in every case. 
 If these fail, let a little cold water be applied to the narje 
 of the neck, the head, and the face. Again, take a piece 
 of smoked beef that is very dry and hard — the more 
 flesh that has been cut off, the better — and grate it ; this 
 forms a fine brown powder; push this up the nostril as 
 far as possible, and continue to do it till it is closed, or the 
 bleeding ceases. I have never known this to fail. This 
 information cost Mr. Hays, the high constable of this 
 city, he states, five hundred dollars ; the curative pro- 
 perty, I suppose, depends upon the salt. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 INCONTINENCE OF URINE. 
 
 Description. — It is generally known that some children, 
 and occasionally adults, are subject to an involuntary 
 discharge of urine, particularly at night. It arises from 
 a debility of the urinary organs, occasioned by drinking 
 great quantities of tea, coffee, or ardent spirits, or by 
 strains, or whatever relaxes the parts. It may likewise 
 be occasioned by irritating substances contained in the 
 bladder. 
 
 Treatment. — The treatment of this disease will consist 
 in restoring the tone of the parts by the exhibition of 
 tonics and astringents. The patient should be directed 
 
VOIDING BLOOD BY URINE. 399 
 
 to drink a decoction made of the following articles : 
 Take wild cherry tree bark, hemlock bark, bayberry 
 bark: bruise or pulverize, and add a sufficient quantity 
 of water to make a strong tea or decoction. "While the 
 patient is taking this decoction, let him take the diuretic 
 drops in a tumbler of beth root tea, or water, three times 
 a day. The diet should consist of boiled milk and wheat 
 flour, with a little nutmeg and cinnamon sprinkled in it. 
 He must abstain from the use of tea and coffee, and take 
 as little as possible of liquids of any kind. This com- 
 plaint in children is often the result of habit or careless- 
 ness, in not being made to void the urine immediately 
 before going to bed. As this disease is often occasioned 
 by a check of perspiration, this secretion should always 
 be restored. Tepid bathing, or applying cold water to 
 the loins and lower part of the bowels, is beneficial, as 
 well as laxatives. An adhesive or strengthening plaster 
 should also be applied to the small part of the back and 
 sacrum. Some are in the habit of giving tincture of 
 cantharides in this complaint ; formerly I administered 
 it in a few cases, and in one it effected a cure. — Dr. 
 Beach. 
 
 voiding blood by urine. — {Hematuria.) 
 
 Description. — This is rarely, if ever, a primary disease, 
 but is commonly a symptomatic complaint, arising from 
 some external injury by blows, bruises, or a fall; by 
 some violent exertion, as lifting a heavy weight, jumping, 
 or hard riding ; or from a small stone lodged either in 
 the kidney or the duct for conveying the urine thence to 
 the bladder, and which, by its irregularity or size, 
 wounds or lacerates the surface of the part in which it 
 
400 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 is lodged or through which it has passed. If the blood 
 proceeds immediately from the bladder in consequence 
 of a stone contained in it, it is generally accompanied by 
 a sense of heat and pain in the bottom of the bowels, 
 and occasionally much difficulty in making water. "When 
 a discharge of blood proceeds from the kidney or urinary 
 ducts, and is occasioned by a rough stone descending 
 thence to the bladder, it is accompanied by an acute pain 
 and sense of weight in the back, and a difficulty in 
 emitting urine. The depositing of clotted blood at the 
 bottom of the chamer in this complaint, and its staining 
 linen of a red color, will enable us to distinguish it from 
 the high-colored urine attendant on many diseases. The 
 voiding of bloody urine denotes danger, but it is par- 
 ticularly so when mixed with purulent matter, as it then 
 points out that there is ulceration in some part of the 
 urinary passages. Xor is the danger less when it has 
 been produced by wounds or bruises of the kidneys. 
 
 The treatment of this complaint likewise consists in 
 giving stimulating diuretics and astringents. The urinary 
 decoction may be taken according to directions given 
 under the head of that preparation : likewise the diuret- 
 ic drops, as directed in the preceding disease ; give a 
 decoction of the gravel plant, (epigea repens). I lately 
 attended one case of this kind, which I cured by a strong 
 decoction of peach tree leaves. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 I have cured several cases by giving a strong tea of 
 yarrow herb — giving one pint three times a day. 
 
 OXAXISM, SELE-POLLUTIOX, ETC. 
 
 Description. — By this disease is to be uncleretood an 
 excessive discharge of the seminal fluid, either naturally 
 
ONANISM, SELF-POLLUTION. 401 
 
 or artificially. It is a very common practice among men 
 and women, more particularly youth. It gives rise to a 
 variety of symptoms, which are often unsuspected or 
 overlooked by the physician, and by the friends of the 
 patient. The semen being the most vital fluid of the 
 system, it is easily seen what the consequence must be 
 when it is thrown off' in an undue or excessive degree ; 
 and it is somewhat doubtful whether a discharge of it in 
 any manner does not more or less injure the health or 
 lessen the growth of persons. 
 
 Symptoms. — This disease produces febrile complaints, 
 mania or mental derangement, dyspepsia or indigestion, 
 hectic fever, and general debility. The more one in- 
 dulges the practice, the greater the propensity for it. It 
 causes a long train of complaints, tremors of the limbs, 
 headache, restless nights, gleets or discharges from the 
 urethra, pains of the system in different parts ; the memo- 
 ry, judgment, and reason become impaired ; discharge of 
 semen, particularly at the thought or sight of women ; 
 pain in the brest and loins, cough and consumption, 
 weakness in the back and genitals, sometimes fits of apo- 
 plexy, hypochondria, a hysteria, and great despondency 
 of mind. 
 
 Treatment. — 1. The patient must abandon the practice 
 immediately. 
 
 2. Neither see nor think of woman more than is pos- 
 sible. 
 
 3. If there is nocturnal emissions of semen, let the pa- 
 tient take a few grains of the diaphoretic powders at 
 bed-time. 
 
 4. Give the diuretic drops through the day. 
 
 5. Apply the tincture of capsicum to the back and 
 loins. 
 
 26 
 
402 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 6. Let the wine bitters be taken. 
 
 7. Tepid bathing in salt water. 
 
 8. A cooling, but nutritious diet, milk, etc. 
 
 9. Reside in the country. 
 
 For farther particulars on this important disease, con- 
 sult a work by Tissot, translated from the French. — Dr. 
 Beach. 
 
 marasmus, emaciation, wasting of the body, etc. 
 
 Marasmus is a disease which affects the young of both 
 sexes. A sluggishness, lassitude on slight exertion, de- 
 pravity and loss of appetite, wasting of the flesh, fulness 
 of the features, and paleness of the countenance ; swelling 
 of the abdomen, and irregular, and generally a costive 
 state of the bowels ; a change in the color and odor of 
 the faeces, foetid breath, swelling of the upper lip, and 
 itching of the nose, mark the beginning of the disease. 
 When these symptoms have continued for some time, they 
 are followed by alternate paleness and flushings of the 
 countenance, heat and dryness of the skin, feeble and 
 quick pulse, thirst, fretfulness, increasing debility and 
 disturbed sleep, during which the patients grind or gnash 
 their teeth, and are subject to involuntary starting, and 
 twitching of different muscles. Every case of marasmus 
 does not necessarily include all the symptoms enumerat- 
 ed. Different combinations of them give a variety of 
 the disease, which is, however, in general, readily known 
 and distinguished. Marasmus appears most commonly 
 among weak and infirm children, where they are so from 
 delicacy of constitution or from incidental causes. It is 
 particularly prevalent in large and populous cities, where 
 children are deprived of ready access to exercise in pure 
 
CATARRH IN THE HEAD. 403 
 
 air, and sicken and pine ; or when they are confined in 
 crowded and airless school-rooms. Children who are 
 employed in manufactories, where their occupation and 
 confinement are such as to weaken and enervate them, 
 are also liable to be attacked with this disease. Irregu- 
 larity in diet and improper food, likewise give rise to 
 marasmus. It prevails most commonly in autumn, the 
 season which affords opportunity for eating unripe fruit 
 and vegetable articles. 
 
 Treatment. — Examine all the organs, and, if any are 
 found diseased, direct the treatment to them ; otherwise 
 treat it on general principles. Give mandrake or anti- 
 bilious physic twice a week. During the time restora- 
 tive wine bitters may be given, except the fever be too 
 great ; and let the child use nothing but a milk and vege- 
 table diet. Use the tepid salt-water bath every day or 
 two. If not inconvenient, bathe the whole surface with 
 salt and water. If the symptoms arise from worms, give 
 medicines to expel them. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 For small children I seldom give anything else but the 
 neutralizing cordial. There is nothing better. 
 
 CATARRH IN THE HEAD. 
 
 The glands and membranes of the head secrete a fluid 
 to keep the mouth, nose, and eyes moist. From cold, de- 
 bility, and other causes, a disease is generated which is 
 termed catarrh. "When a catarrh is formed in the head, 
 the liquid which generally flows from the nose becomes 
 affected, and makes the eyes tender, irritates the nose, 
 and occasions sneezing ; or it falls into the throat and 
 wind-pipe and produces coughing, and, if long contin- 
 ued, will bring on consumption. It irritates the mouth 
 
404 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 and other parts over which it passes, and sometimes col- 
 lects in the throat and almost chokes the person so af- 
 flicted. The disease may continue for years. It produces 
 pain in the eyes, cough, drowsiness, and emaciation. 
 
 Treatment. — It is recommended to bathe the head and 
 shoulders with cold water, and use the cephalic snuff, but 
 I have had better success by bathing the head every 
 morning and evening with my All-Healing Liniment and 
 essence of peppermint, equal parts, mixed together, 
 using the snuff through the day, and frequently smoking 
 a pipe full of dry sage, pulverized, and black pepper, 
 ground, and mixed together, forcing the smoke through 
 the nose. This is also useful for all chronic complaints 
 of the head. 
 
 Dr. Leavit states that he has found the following 
 snuff very efficacious in catarrh of the head : Blood-root, 
 gum Arabic, and gum myrrh, pulverized, and mixed in 
 equal parts. He asserts that he would not take Rye 
 thousand dollars for an ounce of this snuff, in case he 
 could not procure any more. He was reduced very low 
 with catarrh, and it cured him. 
 
 ozm T A. 
 
 The ozsena is an ulcer affecting the nostrils, and from 
 which there is an acrid or corrosive discharge, very foetid, 
 and often mixed with bloody mucus. 
 
 Treatment. — Use the cephalic snuff, and apply up the 
 nose the brown ointment ; at the same time smoke the 
 following: Black pepper, one teaspoonful; sage, fine, a 
 tablespoonful : mix. Smoke two pipesfull a day, and 
 force the smoke through the nostrils, the same as for 
 catarrh in the head. 
 
CARBUNCLE. 405 
 
 Herpes's Ozoena — Taint from Vaccination, etc. — I have 
 j ust seen a patient for whom I prescribed, about a week 
 since, for an affection of the nose, which has apparently 
 arisen from impure vaccination. The discharge has 
 been so corrosive, that it has excoriated the parts with 
 which it has come in contact, and there was a herpetic 
 eruption of the same nature on the face. I prescribed the 
 celandine wash, brown ointment, capsicum and sage to 
 smoke, and force the smoke through the nostrils. It has 
 nearly removed all the complaint in so short a time. — 
 Dr. Beach. 
 
 carbuncle. — (Anthrax) 
 
 Description. — A deeply-seated, hard, immovable, and 
 distinctly circumscribed tumor, generally appearing in 
 the posterior parts of the body, and most frequently at- 
 tacking people above the middle age, and luxurious 
 livers. About its center it is of a dusky red, purple or 
 livid color ; but it is much paler, and often variegated 
 toward its circumference. There is often an extensive 
 areola of a brownish hue. It is accompanied with an 
 intensely painful sense of burning ; small purulent mat- 
 ter or pustules appear, which, when ruptured, evacuate a 
 dark- colored matter. 
 
 It usually commences with a small pimple, which runs 
 deeper and deeper until the base becomes extremely 
 broad. In the beginning it is sometimes accompanied 
 with symptoms of general inflammation, but more com- 
 monly with chills, sickness, faintings, succeeded by great 
 prostration of strength, languid pulse, and symptoms of 
 typhus. It not unfrequently degenerates into a sloughing 
 ulcer. 
 
406 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Sometimes a little slough, of a black color, appears in 
 the middle of the tumor. The progress of carbuncles 
 to the gangrenous state is generally quick. Their size is 
 various ; they have been known to be as large as a plate. 
 Considerable local pain and induration always attend the 
 disease. The skin, indeed, has a peculiar feeling, like 
 that of bran. As the complaint advances, several aper- 
 tures generally form in the tumor. Through these 
 openings there is discharged a greenish, bloody, foetid, 
 irritating matter. The internal sloughing is often very 
 extensive, even when no signs of mortification can be out- 
 wardly discovered. 
 
 Treatment. — In the treatment of a carbuncle, on its first 
 appearance, the best method is, when they are small, to 
 use the Zinc Plaster, as directed for cancer ; and where 
 they have become too large for that method, apply the 
 All-Healing and Strengthening Plaster, and my All- 
 Healing Liniment, which will keep it soft and free of 
 pain, and by using both, they will soon bring a healthy 
 action from the bottom of the sore, and eventually heal 
 it. Should fungus exhibit itself, destroy it with the 
 Vegetable Caustic. This is the easiest and surest treat- 
 ment that I can recommend, and saves the patient im- 
 mense suffering. The patient should take a teaspoon- 
 ful of sulphur and cream of tartar, in sweet milk or 
 molasses, every morning, fasting. The sulphur and 
 cream of tartar should not be taken more than nine 
 mornings in succession at any one period. It is some- 
 times necessary, when a carbuncle has had a long run, 
 to poultice it the same as in white swelling or king's 
 evil. Be very particular with them, and observe the 
 directions rigidly, when they have been of long standing 
 and badly managed. 
 
MORTIFICATION. 407 
 
 With the Liniment, Plaster and Caustic, I can cure 
 almost any sore ; and without which I could not accom- 
 plish much in the treatment of them. 
 
 MORTIFICATION. 
 
 I have had but little to do in the treatment of morti- 
 fication — having always been able to prevent such an 
 occurrence in all cases likely to terminate so dangerous- 
 ly — I therefore give the manner of treatment as laid 
 down in Dr. Beach's " Reformed Practice," and recom- 
 mend it to the favorable consideration of all who may 
 read this book : 
 
 Symptoms. — If it supervene on inflammation, an ex- 
 cessive, acute, and constant pain, great anxiety, often 
 delirium, followed by a sudden cessation of all inflam- 
 matory symptoms. The part before tense now becomes 
 flaccid, of a livid color, losing its heat and sensibility. 
 Blisters are formed, under which appear brown spots. 
 The parts soon become black, and acquire a foetid smell. 
 If the event proves favorable, the mortified portion is 
 completely surrounded by a white line, about which pus 
 (matter) is formed. The dead part now loosens and 
 sloughs out, leaving a suppurating ulcer. If, on the 
 contrary, the termination be fatal, the mortification 
 rapidly extends; great constitutional irritation arises; 
 the pulse becomes small, rapid, and irregular; there is a 
 fixed flush on the countenance, with great anxiety and 
 prostration of strength ; and death soon ensues. 
 
 Mortification is sometimes produced without previous 
 inflammation, by blood-vessels choked by pressure, long- 
 continued cold, long-continued pressure, violent bruises, 
 debility, etc. 
 
408 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Treatment. — "When the inflammation has been properly 
 treated, it will seldom or never terminate in mortifica- 
 tion. But, when called to treat it, our object should be 
 to arrest and prevent any farther extension of it by 
 means both local and constitutional. If it be connected 
 with, or dependant on, inflammation, means must be 
 taken to subdue that inflammation. If debility of the 
 system has been a predisposing cause, it must be reme- 
 died by a more wholesome regimen, and the strength of 
 the patient be supported by stimulants, such as wine and 
 a nutritious diet. Tonics should also be administered; 
 the wine bitters may be taken, and a glass of yeast three 
 or four times during the day. 
 
 Local Applications. — When blisters or vesicles appear 
 upon the parts, showing a disposition to gangrene, or 
 when sloughing actually takes place, the following poul- 
 tice will separate the living from the dead parts, and put 
 a speedy check to it : Take yeast, a sufficient quantity ; 
 stir in slippery elm bark, to form a poultice of the pro- 
 per consistence ; apply tepid and often renew. This will 
 correct the fetor of the parts, and assist the powers of 
 nature to separate the mortified from the living flesh . I 
 have not known this application to fail in a single in- 
 stance, except in one case of dry mortification, from 
 which a person seldom recovers. 
 
 It is now customary to amputate a limb in case of 
 mortification, but with what propriety I am unable to 
 decide, as it is easily arrested by very simple means; and 
 where it cannot be, I have no evidence that the knife 
 would save the life of the patient. If a proper course 
 of treatment will not cure, there will be such a faulty 
 state of the constitution, or in the ulcer or wound itself, 
 that, should amputation be performed, the stump will 
 
MORTIFICATION. 409 
 
 slough, or the patient will sink from irritation or the 
 direct consequence of the operation. 
 
 It appears to me passing strange that surgeons should 
 direct us to wait till mortification has stopped before we 
 amputate. We are directed to remove a limb for morti- 
 fication, and at the same time we are directed not to do 
 it until this very mortification is arrested, or until a line 
 of demarkation is formed, or a separation takes place be- 
 tween the dead and living parts. 
 
 The mortified limb must be bathed three times a day 
 in warm weak ley, one hour each time. The application 
 of a ley poultice has proved a sovereign remedy in mor- 
 tification as well as in lock-jaw. It is not only well 
 calculated to prevent, but to cure it when it has taken 
 place. After having been applied a short time, it 
 has often separated and detached large portions of mor- 
 tified flesh, and brought about a healthy action. The 
 elm bark should be mixed in leached warm ley, and ap- 
 plied tepid. 
 
 A case occurs to me where this poultice arrested the 
 disease, seated on or near the breast of a female, and 
 detached such a portion of dead flesh, that the opening 
 left was as large as a common-sized teacup. 
 
 Another case occurs to me where a young man was to 
 have had his leg amputated, but before his surgeon or 
 the physician came, the above poultice was applied, 
 which arrested it, and he recovered. 
 
 Dr. Ferris, who was noted for a successful method of 
 treating mortification, made use of the following poul- 
 tice : Scraped carrots and spikenard root, bruised ; boil 
 till soft; stir in a small quantity of Indian or oat meal, 
 and apply warm. I have used this poultice but little, 
 and, therefore, cannot speak with much certainty of its 
 
410 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 effects ; but in one very difficult and critical case of in- 
 flammation, bordering on gangrene, it changed the char- 
 acter of it, and was attended with a good effect. 
 
 SUPPRESSION AND RETENTION OF URINE. 
 
 From different causes the urine is liable to be sup- 
 pressed, either partially or wholly, causing great distress. 
 It may proceed from gravel, inflammation of the blad- 
 der, prostate gland, urethra, cold, etc. There is swelling, 
 pain and inflammation of the bladder, with great diffi- 
 culty of voiding urine, or a complete suppression. 
 
 Treatment. — I have found it exceedingly useful to 
 steam the patient over a strong decoction of bitter herbs 
 or hops, as recommended in several other complaints. 
 Both the decoction and the herbs should be thrown into 
 a suitable sized vessel, and a blanket put around the 
 waist of the patient, that the same steam may be ap- 
 plied more immediately to the seat of the disease. At 
 the same time let his feet be immersed in warm ley 
 water, and let him drink freely of parsley tea. After he 
 has been steamed fifteen or twenty minutes, let the herbs 
 be enclosed in flannel and applied over the region of the 
 bladder, to be often renewed, and applied as hot as can 
 be borne. This will usually produce such a relaxation 
 of the parts as to cause a free discharge of urine. The 
 patient may also take the following : Take a wine-glass- 
 ful of the best Holland gin ; add to it a tumbler of spear- 
 mint tea and two teaspoonsful of spirits of nitre ; sweeten 
 with honey, and drink the whole. The same potion 
 should be taken every hour until relief is afforded. 
 Where the pain is very exquisite, forty drops of laud- 
 anum may be added to each dose. In half an hour, or 
 
STRICTURES IN THE URETHRA. 411 
 
 an hour, this treatment, in almost every case of reten- 
 tion of urine, will afford relief. The spirits of mint is 
 also very efficacious; it usually gives immediate relief. 
 
 If the suppression of urine does not give way to the 
 means advised, the patient should be put into a warm 
 bath ; and, having kept him in for about ten or fifteen 
 minutes, he is then to be taken out: if the urine does 
 not flow, introduce a silver catheter, or one of flexible 
 gum. 
 
 In all cases it will be necessary to introduce the cathe- 
 ter with gentleness ; even a moderate force, improperly 
 directed, is capable of injuring the urethra in such a 
 manner as to render the operation almost impracticable; 
 and it must be obvious to every physician, that long- 
 continued and violent attempts have a tendency to in- 
 crease the inflamed state of the urethra; but, besides 
 this, a laceration of its membranous parts might arise, 
 and make an artificial passage by the catheter. 
 
 Injecting sweet oil, or even warm milk and water, fre- 
 quently, up the urethra, will often afford relief, especially 
 if the suppression has been occasioned by a small piece 
 of gravel which has stuck in the canal. Injecting tepid 
 water into the bladder itself, in similar cases, by a syringe, 
 will also afford great relief. 
 
 "Where the patient is frequently troubled with strangury, 
 he should take the urinary decoction, diuretic drops, and 
 infusions of spearmint ; also, the queen of the meadow, 
 cleavers, pumpkin seeds, etc. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 Pennyroyal tea, drank freely, often gives prompt relief 
 in the suppression of urine. 
 
 STRICTURES IN THE URETHRA. 
 
 From various causes the urethra, or canal that leads 
 the water from the bladder, becomes thickened, smaller, 
 
412 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 and inflamed, which partially or wholly obstructs the 
 flow of the water. The water may likewise be obstruct- 
 ed by a spasmodic action of the canal. It is generally 
 caused by the venereal disease, and cold. 
 
 Treatment. — 1st, when the urine is obstructed, give the 
 diuretic drops. If these do not afford relief in a reason- 
 able time, the spirits of mint may be given, and repeated 
 as occasion requires. Apply fomentations of hops over 
 the bladder. If this course fails, a warm bath may be 
 used; should neither have the desired effect, introduce 
 the catheter, which is very simple, and may be done by 
 the patient himself. "When the stricture is permanent, 
 a bougie, anointed with the brown ointment, and some- 
 times with the celendine or the bitter sweet ointment, 
 should be introduced everyday or two, as the person can 
 bear it, and remain twenty or thirty minxes. An in- 
 jection twice a day may likewise be used, of a solution 
 of sal soda, a teaspoonful to half a pint of water. Give 
 the alterative syrup, with the hydrodate of potash, in- 
 ternally, as mentioned under the head of venereal dis- 
 ease. Nothing heating in drink or food to be taken. — 
 Dr. Beach. 
 
 HERNIA OR RUPTURE. 
 
 Never having had any considerable practice in hernia, 
 I avail myself of the suggestions and prescriptions of 
 Dr. "Wooster Beach, and copy as much of his treatise, on 
 this subject, as my space will admit of, which I think is 
 sufficient in all common hands. He says : 
 
 Description. — " Hernia or rupture is the protrusion of 
 any viscus or part from its proper cavity. It has obtained 
 various names from its situation, as the inguinal, when 
 
HERNIA OR RUPTURE. 413 
 
 it occurs in the groin ; the scrotal, when it occurs in the 
 scrotum; the femoral, when it is situated above the 
 groin ; umbilical, when it occurs in the abdomen or um- 
 bilical region ; ventral, when it is situated in some other 
 part of the abdomen. 
 
 There is no rupture, as the term implies, but a relaxa- 
 tion of the parts, which permits some portion of the ab- 
 domen to protrude and form a tumor. Sometimes the 
 intestine descends; sometimes the omentum or cawl 
 which covers them, and occasionally both come down. 
 Hernia is divided into reducible and irreducible; the 
 former, where the contents can be replaced ; the latter, 
 where they cannot be, or except with great difficulty. 
 Also strangulated. 
 
 Treatment. — 1st. In Reducible Hernia. — First return 
 the protruded parts into their original cavity, by making 
 gentle pressure upon the hernial tumor, and this, in gen- 
 eral, is most easily effected in a recumbent position. 
 There is very little inconvenience attending this com- 
 plaint while the protruded parts can be easily returned. 
 It may be troublesome, both from the bulk of the swell- 
 ing and from the intestinal derangements which take 
 place ; but, independent of these circumstances, it may 
 exist throughout life without causing more than slight 
 inconvenience. But this state cannot be depended upon, 
 as, from various causes, such as straining, lifting, cough- 
 ing, etc., the parts may be displaced from their natural 
 situation, and become exceedingly difficult to reduce, and 
 be attended with very serious, if not fatal, consequences. 
 The patient, therefore, should immediately return the 
 parts, and then take proper means to secure them, to 
 prevent them from being displaced. There have been 
 several contrivances to effect this, such as various kinds 
 
414 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 of bandages and trusses. A truss, in general, of proper 
 mechanism, is best adapted to the purpose: by its perma- 
 nent pressure upon the opening, the parts are prevented 
 from descending, and a permanent cure is often effected. 
 There are a great variety of trusses for the relief and 
 cure of hernia or rupture, and some are very good. A 
 proper truss should have a spring neither too strong nor 
 too weak ; the pad should be neither too convex nor too 
 concave, and so constructed that it may be graduated at 
 pleasure, and should prevent the descent of the intes- 
 tines or omentum ; the best manner to apply it is in a 
 recumbent position. By the use of such a truss, bathing 
 the parts with the oil of eggs, and, subsequently, wear- 
 ing a plaster of the extract of oak bark, a permanent 
 cure may be expected. 
 
 The parts may be bathed twice a day with salt and 
 water, and, when well dried, bathe them with the oil of 
 eggs as often ; the truss to be afterwards applied : if 
 these do not cure in a reasonable ]ength of time, apply 
 the extract of white oak bark, spread on thin leather; 
 place this first over the rupture, and then the truss : this 
 has cured the disease of many years' standing. 
 
 2d. Irreducible Ruptures. — "When a rupture, from any 
 cause, cannot be reduced, it must be supported in the 
 best possible manner, by a suspensory bag. The bowels 
 must be kept regular, and a vegetable diet taken. 
 
 3d. Strangulated Hernia or Rupture. — When any of the 
 contents of the bowels protrude, and cannot be returned, 
 they are said to be strangulated, usually caused by a 
 strain. There is pain in and about the parts, sickness 
 and vomiting, fever, tension and swelling of the parts, 
 and costiveness. There is always more or less danger 
 attendant on these symptoms ; although patients under 
 
HERNIA OR RUPTURE. 415 
 
 my treatment have, in almost every case, recovered. 
 The first object is to reduce it as soon as possible ; to ef- 
 fect which the body must be bent, and the tumor pressed 
 upon until it is reduced. The endeavors of the patient 
 to reduce it will be attended with more success than 
 those of another person. 
 
 The method of reduction practiced by M. Gimbernat, 
 of Madrid, is so ingenious, and at the same time so suc- 
 cessful, that I shall give it in detail. He places the pa- 
 tient on his side opposite the hernia, with his body a little 
 bent, and lower than the pelvis, in order to relax the 
 muscles of the abdomen ; with the same intention the 
 head is brought forward towards the chest. In the femoral 
 hernia Jie elevates the thigh on which the hernia is, yet 
 so as not in the least to obstruct the operation. Sitting 
 then by the bed-side, with his hand which is nearest to 
 the patient he grasps the tumor at its base, which is the 
 upper part, and with his first three fingers he compresses 
 it all around, to diminish its diameter ; at the same time 
 with the fingers of the other hand he pushes the apex, 
 which is the lower end of the tumor, upward and in- 
 ward, to direct it towards the crural arch, because it can 
 not be reduced in any other direction. He has some- 
 times found that more than one hour was required for 
 this operation. When the patient is fatigued, he ceases 
 both to press and push, yet never quits his hold ; when 
 he renews these efforts, he gradually increases their force. 
 Of numerous hernia treated by him in this way, and 
 many of them desperate, those which have not been re- 
 duced have been very few. It may be needless to add, 
 that this method is improper, if the tumor is inflamed 
 and very painful, or the part which causes the strangu- 
 lation. This operation is safe, easy, and generally suc- 
 cessful. 
 
416 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 It is now the practice with most surgeons to wait but 
 a few hours before an operation is performed in stran- 
 gulated hernia. After following those means which I 
 have found are not calculated to reduce it, recourse is 
 had to the knife. Some surgeons commence an opera- 
 tion almost immediately, alleging that it is extremely 
 dangerous to delay even a few hours. Others, again, 
 wait a greater length of time. The operation con- 
 sists in dividing the integuments, dissecting down to the 
 hernial sac and opening it, removing the stricture, and 
 replacing the protruded viscera. 
 
 1st. Purgatives. — The treatment may be commenced 
 by administering a dose of croton oil, two drops in milk ; 
 no other physic (olive or castor oil excepted) but this 
 will answer in the complaint. Those of a very stimu- 
 lating nature are apt to aggravate the symptoms; but 
 oleaginous purgatives are beneficial, by the relaxation 
 which follows their exhibition. 
 
 2d. Injections. — It sometimes happens that neither 
 this nor any other kind of medicine will be retained upon 
 the stomach. When this takes place, our dependence 
 must be placed upon injections or clysters. The fol- 
 lowing may be given: Take of lobelia innata and 
 stramonium, q. s. : make a strong infusion ; to half a 
 pint of which add milk and molasses, the same quantity 
 of each, and a gill of olive or sweet oil ; Rye drops of 
 croton oil may be added; mix, and administer with a 
 suitable sized syringa, to be repeated every hour. IsTot 
 only the fsecal contents of the intestine are evacuated 
 by this injection, but it has a great tendency to remove 
 the stricture by its emollient and relaxing properties. 
 
 3d. Opiates. — Opium, in strangulated hernia, is often 
 exceedingly valuable. It checks the vomiting attendant 
 
HERNIA OR RUPTURE. 417 
 
 on the stricture ; allays pain and irritability of the sys- 
 tem ; removes the tension of the parts, and will often 
 effect a speedy reduction. About three grains should 
 be given every two hours until the desired effect is pro- 
 duced. 
 
 External Applications. — 1st. Steaming or Fomentations. — 
 A strong decoction of bitter herbs, tansy, wormwood, 
 hoarhound, catnip and hops may be thrown into a suit- 
 able sized tub or vessel; a narrow piece of board placed 
 over it, on which the patient must be placed, and a 
 blanket thrown round to retain the steam. This wiE 
 produce perspiration, and contribute very much to lessen 
 the inflammation. 
 
 2d. Discutients. — Let the hernial tumor, including the 
 neck of it, be bathed with the bitter-sweet or discutient 
 ointment for half an hour at a time, and, when applied, 
 let some heated article be held a little distance from the 
 parts; the green oil may also be used; let them be al- 
 ternately applied every hour or two. They also prove 
 serviceable by their emollient and relaxing properties. 
 Bathe likewise wilh the croton oil. 
 
 3d. The Hot or Warm Bath. — Should the hernia still 
 remain unreduced or strangulated after these means, let 
 the patient be immersed in a warm bath, and continue in 
 until he begins to feel faint. 
 
 4th. Poultices. — After any of the foregoing applica- 
 tions have been used, let an alkaline poultice be applied 
 over the parts and over the seat of the stricture. Let 
 the slippery elm bark be mixed with weak ley, until a 
 poultice of a proper consistence is formed, to be applied 
 tepid, and often renewed. I have found the best effect 
 from this application in strangulated hernia. In one 
 case I applied it when I left the patient at night, and in 
 27 
 
418 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the morning the viscera returned without the taxis or any 
 manual operation. It removed the pain, swelling and 
 inflammation, and the parts in the morning appeared 
 very wrinkled or shriveled. 
 
 5th. Cupping. — In very critical cases, where reduction 
 is found difficult, four or five cups or leeches may be ap- 
 plied around the neck of the tumor. Cupping has a 
 much better effect than general blood-letting, although 
 I have seldom found this operation necessary in the 
 worst cases. 
 
 6th. Cold or Refrigerant Applications. — Some physi- 
 cians or surgeons highly extol cold applications, such 
 as cold water, ice, etc.; but in most cases, as far as I 
 have ascertained, they are attended with a decided in- 
 jurious effect. They seem to make the stricture worse 
 instead of better ; and this, no doubt, arises from the 
 sedative effects of the cold. There is one application, how- 
 ever, that appears to have been attended with some suc- 
 cess, which is the sulphuric aether. Wet the hernial tu- 
 mor with the liquid, and then, in order to produce 
 speedy evaporation, blow upon it with a pair of bellows. 
 A physician states that he has reduced a number of 
 strangulated hernias by this method alone, when they 
 had been doomed to undergo an operation. 
 
 7th. Manual Aid or Assistance. — It becomes necessary, 
 during the time the patient is making use of these va- 
 rious means, from time to time to make attempts to re- 
 turn the protruded viscera by manual assistance, or what 
 is usually termed the taxis. In accomplishing this, con- 
 siderable judgment is necessary. The position of the 
 patient should be particularly attended to ; his legs and 
 buttocks should be elevated as high as convenient, form- 
 ing an angle, if possible, of forty-five degrees. This can 
 
POLYPUS. 419 
 
 be very easily accomplished, by placing the back part of 
 a cbair underneath him. His thighs and body must be 
 a little flexed, in order to relax the muscle. The tu- 
 mor may then be seized, and moderate pressure made, in 
 order to return the parts, as has been previously directed. 
 I have usually found that the patient himself could 
 succeed best in performing this part of the business. In 
 most instances it is the case, that the viscera have been 
 down often, and he has been in the habit of returning 
 them himself, by which means he acquires a tact in do- 
 ing it, with which the most skillful surgeon is not con- 
 versant. 
 
 POLYPUS. 
 
 A polypus is a fleshy excrescence, of various density 
 and color, originating from the lining membrane of a 
 canal or cavity, as the nose, vagina, rectum, etc. 
 
 The common polypus is pendulous, and hangs by a 
 small pedicle ; it is movable within the nose ; its size is 
 influenced by the state of the weather, the protrusion 
 being greatest when hazy and damp ; it is of the natural 
 color of the skin, or of a faint red, in some degree trans- 
 parent, and free from pain ; it sometimes projects from 
 the anterior, at other times from the posterior, aperture 
 into the nose. Frequently it ulcerates and discharges 
 matter, and affects the bone. The nostrils become full, 
 the voice altered, and the eyes suffused with tears, head- 
 ache, etc. 
 
 Several species of nasal polypi are described by authors, 
 one of which is said to be of a malignant nature, dis- 
 posed to end in cancer. This, however, I believe is ex- 
 tremely rare ; the most common are a fleshy, red, vascu- 
 
420 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 lar polypus, and a pale, tough, firm polypus, neither of 
 which is of a cancerous nature. 
 
 Treatment. — I have succeeded in curing this disease, 
 when it has not become too large, by directing the pa- 
 tient to use the following snuff: Take bayberry bark and 
 blood-root, pulverize, and mix. This must be snuffed 
 up the nose frequently through the day. If the polypus 
 is too large to admit it, it may be introduced by tying a 
 strip of linen to a probe, wetting it, then dipping in the 
 powder, and touching the tumor with it, to be often re- 
 peated. Where the tumor is quite large, and this meth- 
 od does not prove effectual, it may be necessary to intro- 
 duce a pair of forceps, seize the tumor as far up as possible, 
 and compress so hard as to disorganize it, or by turning 
 the forceps to twist it off, and afterward apply the pow- 
 der to prevent a re-growth. It is very apt to appear again, 
 except some escharotic be applied to the source or origin 
 of it. The above powder generally turns the polypus 
 black, when it will either disappear by a discharge, or 
 drop off. The powder must be continued for some time 
 after it is apparently well. The blood-root alone, snuffed 
 up the nose, has cured the polypus. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 rickets. — {Rachitis.) 
 
 This is a disease common to children, and caused by 
 debility. It first shows itself in the glands ; the bowels 
 are enlarged, the face swells and becomes altered, the 
 spine is bent in the form of the letter S ; the fiesh is 
 flabby, the body wastes, the forehead is unusually promi- 
 nent, and the neck small ; the teeth are liable to drop 
 out; the ribs become flattened; the breast-bcne rises, 
 joint-bones enlarged, and the bones so weak and soft 
 
DOW-WORM, OR SCALD HEAD. 421 
 
 that they are unable to support the body; stools un- 
 natural. Sometimes deformity of the female pelvis, and 
 other parts, follow. 
 
 Treatment. — With respect to the treatment of these 
 cases, you will observe the same general principles which 
 I have laid down for scrofula. 
 
 The joints, or parts affected, may be bathed with salt and 
 water and the rheumatic liquid ; afterward a strengthen- 
 ing plaster applied. The alterative syrup should be 
 freely given, and continued a length of time. The 
 bowels must be kept regular. Bathing in a tepid salt 
 water bath will also aid in the cure. I have found that 
 a syrup made of comfrey and Solomon's seal is very 
 serviceable in this complaint. 
 
 Some time ago I cured two very bad cases of rickets 
 by pursuing this method. Friction on the parts is also 
 useful. Take exercise, pure air, and nutritious diet. — Dr. 
 Beach. 
 
 dow- worm, or scald head. — (Tinea Capitis.) 
 
 This disease consists in a chronic inflammation of the 
 skin of the head, productive of a secretion of matter 
 peculiar in its nature, and capable of propagating the 
 complaint, if applied to the head of a healthy subject. 
 At first the eruption is confined to only a small portion 
 of the head ; but by degrees its acrimony is extended to 
 the neighboring parts, and at length the whole of the 
 scalp is eroded and beset with a scabby eruption. 
 
 Children principally are affected with it. It may arise 
 from uncleanliness, the want of a due proportion of 
 wholesome nutritive food, and possibly from bad nursing ; 
 at any rate, these will very much aggravate the disease . 
 
422 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 In many instances it is propagated by contagion, either 
 by using a comb imbued with the matter from the head 
 of a person laboring under it, or by putting on his hat 
 or cap. 
 
 Treatment. — The head, or the part affected, should be 
 first well washed with soap and water, and then the 
 brown ointment applied ; let this be rubbed upon the af- 
 fected parts once a day. Give the child cream of tartar 
 and sulphur, mixed in molasses, sufficient to act lightly 
 upon the bowels, or other physic, as mandrake. This 
 course soon cures it. 
 
 Professor Spiel man, late Professor of Medicine in the 
 University of Strasburgh, France, uses the following 
 ointment in this disease with success : Take of rose oint- 
 ment, one ounce ; white precipitate, one drachm ; mix 
 well. "Wash with soap and water. 
 
 Dr. King highly recommends the following : Chamber 
 ley, (urine,) two quarts; lard, half a pound; tar, one 
 ounce ; boil all together for two hours ; when blood- warm, 
 strain ; add slowly two ounces of flour of sulphur ; let it 
 cool, then strain. Wash the parts affected with the 
 liquid, and, when evaporated, wash with the ointment. 
 G-ood for scalded head and other eruptions. Also, simmer 
 a decoction of elder with a little cream till an ointment 
 is formed, and apply daily. Take sulphur internally. 
 This is said to cure always. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 ringworm. 
 
 This is a contaneous disease ; it shows itself in small 
 red pimples, which break out in a circular form, and 
 contain a thin acrid fluid. When the body is heated by 
 exercise, these itch intolerably, [and, upon being scratched, 
 discharge their contents, which, by falling on the neigh- 
 
SORE THROAT. 423 
 
 boring parts, spread the disease to a considerable degree. 
 The original size of the circle formed by the pimp]es is 
 usually about that of a sixpenny piece, but in process of 
 time it will become, by neglect, as large as the palm of 
 the hand. 
 
 In some cases the disease is so universal that the habit 
 becomes tainted, the skin puts on a leprous appearance, 
 is much disfigured with blotches, and the unhappy pa- 
 tient enjoys not a moment's ease from the intolerable 
 itching and painful excoriations. 
 
 Treatment. — Wash with the tincture of celandine twice 
 a day, and then apply an ointment of the same. If these 
 fail, use the brown or herpetic ointment. An ointment 
 of the yellow dock is also good. 
 
 The following is highly reccommended by Dr. Sidney 
 Bowne, for ringworm, dow-worm, and barbers' itch : 
 Take an ounce of Barbadoes tar, mutton -tallow, size of 
 a common nutmeg, one half of an even teaspoonful of 
 fine ground pepper ; simmer together a few minutes, let 
 it stand till nearly cold, and then stir in sulphur sufficient 
 to form a soft ointment. It has cured in a number of 
 instances, and no failure known where it has been tried. 
 Wash the parts three times a day with castile soap-suds, 
 and keep them covered. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 I have cured hundreds of cases of ringworm and dry 
 tetter, and have never had any trouble. My treatment 
 is so near that which is given above, that I deem it un- 
 necessary to give any additional remedies in this place, 
 but under the head of " Receipts " will be found differ- 
 ent recipes for the cure of ringworm. 
 
 SORE THROAT. 
 
 I never use anything but the compound tincture of 
 
424 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 myrrh, and bathe the neck at night effectually with my 
 All-Healing Liniment, which produces the happiest re- 
 sults, in the shortest possible space of time. In severe 
 cases, it is best to wear a piece of flannel around the 
 neck to protect it from the wind. 
 
 putrid sore throat. — (Cynanche Maligna.) 
 
 Description. — This disease generally affects the glands 
 of the throat, while the common quinsy affects the mu- 
 cous membrane. In the putrid sore throat there are also 
 cankers, sores, and ulcers in the fauces, together with 
 great debility of the system. In the inflammatory sore 
 throat there is always great difficulty in swallowing, 
 whereas in the other these symptoms are not present. 
 
 Causes. — The cause of this disease is specific contagion ; 
 it is often communicated by infection; when it is not, it 
 'most generally arises from cold, in habits predisposed to 
 the disease. Whatever tends to produce putrid or 
 malignant fevers may occasion the putrid ulcerous sore 
 throat ; as neglect of cleanliness, unwholesome air, dam- 
 aged provisions, etc. 
 
 Symptoms. — Some consider this disease the same as scar- 
 latina maligna ; but, although very similar, there appears 
 in some respect a marked difference. The symptoms of 
 this complaint are chills, fever, stiffness of the neck, 
 soreness and inflammation of the throat. Ash-colored 
 spots appear upon the inflamed parts, which produce 
 deep ulcerations. The breathing and speaking are at- 
 tended with a peculiar noise and hoarseness. It is ushered 
 in with sickness, vomiting, looseness, and great anxiety. 
 The pulse in general small, quick, and fluttering. The 
 countenance is often full and bloated, sometimes pale and 
 sunk, and the breath is intolerably offensive. The ulcers 
 
PUTRID SORE THROAT. 425 
 
 become livid or black, and sometimes gangrene to a con- 
 siderable degree takes place. Putrid symptoms now ap- 
 pear, under which the patient sometimes sinks in a few 
 days. At the close of the disease hemorrhage from the 
 mouth, nose, and other parts, takes place. 
 
 Treatment. — Indication of Cure, — The indication of 
 cure will be, to counteract a putrid tendency and to keep 
 up the strength of the patient. Bleeding and mercury, 
 now generally prescribed, are extremely injurious. 
 
 In the first stage of the disease a mild emetic may be 
 administered, after which mild cathartics may occasion- 
 ally be given. If there is great soreness and inflamma- 
 tion of the throat, let the patient inhale the steam of 
 the decoction mentioned in the treatment of the common 
 quinsy. The liniment there mentioned may also be ap- 
 plied to the throat. 
 
 When putrid ulcers appear in the throat, let it be 
 gurgled with a mixture of yeast and milk. It will be 
 necessary also to administer antiseptic medicines ; a wine 
 glass of good yeast may be taken every two hours du- 
 ring the day. If the pulse is very weak, and the patient 
 sinks, the system must be supported by stimulating 
 medicines and liquids. Porter and wine may occasion- 
 ally be given. 
 
 Dr. Thomas speaks in the highest terms of the effica- 
 cy of the following formula, which, from experience, I 
 have found very valuable : Two tablespoonsful of cayenne 
 pepper; salt, a tablespoonful, in half a pint of boiling 
 water, and add the same quantity of warm vinegar. Let 
 it stand for about an hour, and strain the liquor through 
 a fine cloth. Dose, two tablespoonsful every half hour. 
 A plaster may be applied to the throat, made by melting 
 equal parts of common brown soap and resin, to be 
 spread on thin leather or linen. 
 
426 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 In the revolutionary war, when the putrid sore throat 
 prevailed in the army and proved very fatal, all means 
 to avid it proved unavailing, till a French or German 
 physician came and prescribed, when every case recover- 
 ed. The treatment consisted in a gurgle made as fol- 
 lows : Take the bark or berries of sumach, white oak 
 bark, white or common elm bark, the common high 
 blackberry root, of each two parts, or a handful of 
 each ; add black snake-root, half a handful. Make a 
 strong decoction by boiling well ; then strain and sweet- 
 en with honey; add a lump of alum, and frequently ap- 
 ply to the parts affected. Also, gurgle with the same. 
 This soon removed the mass of corruption from the 
 mouth and throat. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE HEART. 
 
 This is an inflammation of the membranous bag 
 which surrounds the heart, the use of which is to secrete 
 and contain the vapor of the pericardium, which lubri- 
 cates the heart, and thus prevents it from concreting with 
 the pericardium. 
 
 Symptoms. — Pain in the region of the heart, suffoca- 
 ting weight, violent palpitation, motion of the heart, 
 breathing by starts, dyspepsia or difficulty of breathing, 
 increased by motion or exercise. Pressure also aggra- 
 vates the symptoms. Pulse frequent and bounding ; the 
 countenance has a peculiar pale and haggard appear- 
 ance. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 Treatment. — The treatment of this disease is similar to 
 that of inflammation of the lungs. Keep a determina- 
 tion to the surface by vapor bath and Sudorific Drops. 
 The An ti- Spasmodic Tincture is excellent in some cases, 
 
INFLAMMATION OP THE HEART. 427 
 
 particularly when the disease is of a chronic form. If 
 the pain and symptoms are very acute, apply my All- 
 Healing Liniment freely all over the region of the heart, 
 and give a pill of fox-glove, or twenty drops of the tinc- 
 ture of the same, every four hours through the day. 
 Should there be much distress, want of sleep, etc., give 
 the Diaphoretic Powders, and let the patient drink freely 
 of a decoction made of catnip or pleurisy root. The 
 feet should be frequently bathed in warm water, to which 
 a little ley or saleratus has been added. 
 
 ENLARGEMENT AND CHRONIC INFLAMMATION OF THE HEART. 
 
 Description. — The same symptoms as in the acute, but 
 with less violence and more protracted. It may arise 
 from enlargement of the heart, or sub-acute inflammation 
 of that organ. 
 
 Treatment. — Administer the digitalis tea five or six 
 times a day, and a strengthening plaster placed over the 
 region of the heart. The bowels should be cleansed with 
 the compound tincture of jalap. — Dr. Beach. 
 
 My companion was afflicted with this disease upward 
 of eighteen years, and at many times suffered dreadfully 
 from its effects. The last few years of her life, she suf- 
 fered day and night, although in the last two years the 
 paroxysms varied in recurrence, from one week to one 
 month, yet, during these two years, she was never free 
 from pain and suffering. In the commencement of the 
 disease, the paroxysms generally attacked her in the 
 night. Her pulse would sink so low as to be barely per- 
 ceptible to the touch. She would become almost speech- 
 less. At the first approach of the attack she would 
 complain of violent throbbing and beating at the heart, 
 
428 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 great distress, and a general prostration ensued. In her 
 iirst attack, I called an eminent physician, Dr. PerleyB. 
 Johnson, of McConnelsville, 0., and held a consultation 
 with him in reference to her case. His opinion was, that 
 owing to the extreme violence of the attack, she could 
 not survive many more such, and that she would not live 
 three years. He pronounced it the worst case he had 
 ever seen. I fortunately succeeded in pursuing a course 
 which gave her the enjoyment of tolerable health for five 
 or six years. About this time we lost a son about twelve 
 years old, by being drowned, and I being away from 
 home — down the river — the consequent excitement and 
 grief attending such a severe calamity, brought the dis- 
 ease back almost as bad as it formerly had been. On my 
 return home, I found her in a very critical situation in- 
 deed. She gradually recovered, to a partial extent, 
 under my treatment, and had only slight attacks for 
 eight or nine years, when she became very much alarm- 
 ed in consequence of the falling in of the coal bank at 
 Blue Rock, completely shutting in three men and a boy. 
 Myself and two of my sons were present ; and the anxi- 
 ety on her mind during our efforts to rescue the miners, 
 brought on another very bad attack, and from that time 
 she grew worse yearly ; the pain she indured was intense, 
 and she grew weaker and more distressed until death 
 ended her suffering. 
 
 In her case, I depended chiefly on the An ti- Spasmodic 
 Tincture, my All-Healing Liniment, and my Purifying 
 Syrup, and paid strict attention to her bowels — to keep 
 them regular. Towards the last the Anti-Spasmodic 
 Tincture seemed to lose its effects. I tried other reme- 
 dies, but to no effect, except my Liniment, which seemed 
 to relieve her temporarily. I wet a flannel cloth with 
 
MATEKIA MEDICA. 429 
 
 the Liniment and applied it to her side, and gave her 
 from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful two or three times 
 a day, and bathed her feet every night with a decoction 
 of bitter herbs, with some ley added. I am now of the 
 opinion that if I had used the Liniment more freely at 
 first, it would have been much better for her. The diet 
 in this complaint must be light and easy of digestion. 
 Late suppers must be avoided, and frequently fasting is 
 necessary at that meal. In the case of my wife, I think 
 that her strict attention to regimen was one great cause 
 which prolonged her life, and always having on hand a 
 remedy to modify, if not entirely check the paroxysms 
 whenever she was attacked, for I never left her without 
 the medicine in her room, so that she could avail herself 
 of its effects when she was first attacked, and thus often 
 prevent a week's pain and suffering. 
 
 MATERIA MEDICA. 
 
 Below I give a general signification to the meaning of 
 the classes of medicines — how they act — their relative 
 virtues — under their technical names by which they are 
 known. I do this, more because in writing a work of 
 this kind, the author necessarily becomes the practitioner 
 and cannot drop all the styles of his profession. 
 
 Terms of Classification of Medicines. — Narcotics are 
 substances which diminish the action and powers of the 
 system, without occasioning any sensible evacuations. 
 They have the effect of producing sleep. 
 
 Antispasmodics are medicines which have the power 
 of allaying irritation and spasms. 
 
 Tonics are those articles which increase the tone of the 
 animal fibre, by which strength is given to the system. 
 
430 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Astringents are articles which have the power of bind- 
 ing or contracting the fibres of the body. 
 
 Emetics are medicines which excite vomiting inde- 
 pendent of any effect arising from the mere quantity of 
 matter introduced into the stomach. 
 
 Purgatives or Cathartics are medicines which increase 
 the peristalic motion of the intestines, and thereby pro- 
 duce a preternatural discharge. 
 
 Emmenagogues are those medicines which are capable 
 of promoting the menstrual discharge. 
 
 Diuretics are those medicines which increase the urina- 
 ry discharge. 
 
 Diaphoretics are those medicines which increase the 
 natural exhalation by the skin, or promote moderate per- 
 spiration. 
 
 Sudorifics are those medicines which produce copious 
 exhalations or sweating. 
 
 Expectorants are those medicines which increase the 
 discharge of mucus from the lungs. 
 
 Sillagogues are those medicines which excite a preter- 
 natural flow of saliva. 
 
 Errhines are those medicines which increase the secre- 
 tion from the nose and head, and excite sneezing. 
 
 Epispastics or Blisters are those substances which, when 
 applied to the surface of the body, produce a serous or 
 puriform discharge by exciting a previous state of in- 
 flammation. 
 
 Bubefacients, are substances which, when applied to 
 the skin, stimulate, redden or inflame it. 
 
 Bifrigerants, medicines which allay the heat of the 
 body or of the blood. 
 
 Anti-Acids, remedies which obviates acidity in the 
 stomach. 
 
MATERIA MEDICA. 431 
 
 Lithontripics, medicines which are supposed to have 
 the power of dissolving urinary concretions in the bladder. 
 
 Escharotics or Caustics, substances which corrode or 
 dissolve the animal solids. 
 
 Anthelmentics, medicines which have the effect of ex- 
 pelling worms from the intestines. 
 
 Demulcients, medicines which obviate and prevent the 
 action of stimulating and acrid substances, by involving 
 them in a mild and viscid matter, which prevents their 
 action on the body. 
 
 Diluents, those medicines which increase the fluidity of 
 the blood. 
 
 Emollients, substances which soothe and relax the 
 living fibre. 
 
 Alteratives. — The term is applied to substances which 
 are found to promote a change in the system favorably 
 from disease, but not with certainty referable to any other 
 class. 
 
 Counter-irritants, agents applied to the surface, which 
 excite an eruption or an inflammation, and thus divert 
 the humors from internal to external parts. 
 
MARRIED WOMAN'S COMPANION 
 
 PLAIN, PRACTICAL AND COMPREHENSIVE TREATISE 
 
 UPON THE 
 
 DISEASES OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN. 
 
 28 
 
PAET IV. 
 
 MARMED WOMAN'S COMPANION. 
 
 To the Married Ladies, this part of this work is re- 
 spectfully INSCRIBED. 
 
 Curiosity, a thirst for knowledge, and a desire for im- 
 provement, seem more natural to the female than the 
 male part of the community. In former ages, females 
 were almost the only physicians to attend the sick, al- 
 though kept in ignorance, generally, upon literary and 
 philosophical subjects. The diseases of the human sys- 
 tem, and the articles of the materia medica then known, 
 were objects of their study and cure ; and though in the 
 present age of civilization and refinement, more atten- 
 tion is paid than formerly, to the enlargement and culti- 
 vation of their mental powers, and to their improvement 
 in scientific and literary attainments, it is to be hoped 
 that they may never be induced to abandon or neglect 
 that attention to studies, which may teach them to pre- 
 serve human life, and to alleviate human suffering; and 
 which must necessarily be of constant service to them in 
 after life, whether as individuals or heads of families. 
 The mistress and mother of a family, occupies one of 
 the most important stations in community, and it is 
 highly necessary that she should have some acquaintance 
 with the theory of medicine and some skill in the prac- 
 tice, to enable her to perform the duties of her station 
 
MARRIED WOMAN'S COMPANION. 435 
 
 with credit to herself, and with advantage to the family. 
 This treatise is intended for the service of those married 
 ladies who are bringing up families of young children, 
 and who are unacquainted with the numerous diseases 
 to which they will be exposed. Many of them may be 
 easily remedied with little expense to their husbands, by 
 a knowledge of causes, and of such articles as will de- 
 stroy those causes. 
 
 The means of preventing diseases, are no less import- 
 ant than the method of cure. An intelligent mother, 
 who has taken pains to inform herself in the principle 
 of complaints in general, as respects their nature, cause, 
 cure, and method of prevention, may, with small expense 
 and proper attention to their diet, during the summer 
 months, keep her family in good health ; while the 
 neighboring children, whose parents are ignorant of 
 these things, are sick and dying with the dysentery, 
 diarrhoea, cholera morbus, etc., etc. 
 
 This treatise is also intended for the consideration of 
 those elder married ladies, who are fitting their daughters 
 to fill stations similar to those in which they themselves 
 are placed. It may put in their possession principles of cer- 
 tain diseases, and methods to relieve them, which before 
 had not come within their reach, and which they are 
 perfectly capable of understanding, which may better 
 enable them to counsel and advise those who are still 
 under their charge. 
 
 Men, whose thoughts are occupied with the difficulties 
 of business, and who are obliged to devote their whole at- 
 tention to it, generally leave the charge of their children 
 solely to their wives. How pleasing it is to a man of 
 understanding, to see that his wife not only governs the 
 conduct and disposition of his dhildren with care and 
 
436 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 correctness, but that she also watches their health, and 
 is always the first to know when they are indisposed. 
 And would it not still be more pleasing to such a man, 
 if his wife understands the nature and cause of his 
 children's illness, and the remedy to remove that cause 
 before they become very sick and confined to bed, and 
 before necessity compelled him to employ a physician? 
 The children are always under the eye of their mother ; 
 she is always the first person to whom they mention their 
 pains and make their complaints. 
 
 The mother, therefore, is the proper person to direct 
 their diet and their conduct. She has a better opportu- 
 nity and more leisure than her husband, to inquire into 
 the nature and cause of her children's complaints, and 
 consequently more leisure to exercise her mind in ob- 
 taining a knowledge of the remedies which may relieve 
 those complaints. 
 
 For this and other useful purposes, this work is ad- 
 dressed to the female heads of families, with a hope that 
 it may in some degree prove a source of benefit to them- 
 selves and their families. 
 
 It cannot be expected that a work of this kind will 
 consist of such interesting matter, (to some persons,,) as 
 that of a novel, a tale, etc., is generally composed. If 
 this treatise should excite curiosity, or even create amuse- 
 ment in the minds of some of its readers, I trust that it 
 may, in the minds of others, prove an entertainment 
 which may contribute, in some manner, to their im- 
 provement. 
 
 The observations on dyspepsia, (or indigestion,) if 
 strictly attended to, are such as may be advantageous to 
 those who lead a sedentary life, and who are subject to 
 the distressing phenomena which accompany this dis- 
 
MARRIED WOMAN'S COMPANION. 437 
 
 ease. If those who live in opulence will exchange some 
 of the luxuries of their tables for the pleasures of tem- 
 perance, industry and exercise, by riding frequently in 
 the open and pure air, retiring early at night, and rising 
 early in the morning, although they may loose the 
 pleasures of the former, for a few years, they may enjoy 
 the pleasures of the latter to a good old age. 
 
 What a mystery is the mind of mankind to itself. 
 Good living with moderation, generally proves innocent, 
 and has a friendly influence upon health and long life ; 
 but intemperance in eating and drinking creates de- 
 structive effects upon the human system. These effects 
 impair the memory, and render persons unfit for business. 
 They weaken the understanding, and corrupt the moral 
 faculties; are the predisposing causes of disease, and 
 gradually shorten the lives of those who are under its 
 baneful influence. If he chance to be a husband, who is 
 addicted to these customs and vices, who can imagine 
 the anguish he causes in the bosom of his wife. If she 
 is a wife, under the same influence, what shame and dis- 
 grace does she bring upon her husband and family. But 
 if both husband and wife are under the baneful influence, 
 their children may picture misery, crime, infamy and 
 disease, with every other aggravation of wretchedness 
 that occurs to fallen man. 
 
 Females have sometimes been led to seek relief from 
 the disagreeable sensation called breeding sickness, by the 
 use of ardent spirits, and have thereby acquired a fond- 
 ness for, and a habit of using this substance much to 
 their injury, and but little to their relief. They will find 
 the use of alkaline preparation, such as soda powders, 
 soda water, lime water, or the neutralizing mixture, is 
 preferable to any salt of wormwood, together with a 
 
438 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 little gingerbread or biscuit, to keep the stomach from 
 being empty between meals, much better remedies, and 
 contribute more to their relief, than even wine or spir- 
 ituous liquors. In those cases, there seems to be a ten- 
 dency to the accumulation of acidity in the stomach. 
 The use of spirituous liquors will serve to increase this 
 tendency, while the use of alkalies or anti-acids will 
 serve to destroy and correct it. Such remedies are 
 offered as have proved useful in the cases for which they 
 are recommended. It is not my wish to advise sole de- 
 pendence on this work. In malignant cases, when dan- 
 ger and difficulty occur, no time should be lost in apply- 
 ing to a skillful physician. Such remedies as are useful 
 in the hands of the mother and nurse, prove still more 
 useful in the hands of an eminent physician, who has a 
 superior judgment, for increasing or diminishing the 
 doses, according to the circumstances of the patient. 
 
 The object most dear to the author, in putting this 
 work together, has been to mitigate the suffering, relieve 
 the miseries and alleviate the distressing pains of the 
 human family. Such as it is, peruse it in your leisure 
 hours, and when you are watching the distresses and 
 and pains of your helpless sick infants, it may, perhaps, 
 put you in mind of something that will afford them com- 
 fort or relief: and surely, I believe it will never tend to 
 injure your reputation in society, or corrupt your morals. 
 Accept, dear ladies, my earnest wishes for your infor- 
 mation on this subject, and that it may prove to you a 
 source of comfortable reflection, and a means of enlarg- 
 ing your capacities and opportunities for usefulness, 
 through the many trying scenes in this life, is the sincere 
 prayer of your cordial friend. 
 
MENSTRUATION. 439 
 
 MENSTRUATION. 
 
 The monthly evacuations is one of the principal con- 
 stitutional characteristics of the female sex. It generally 
 takes place at the age of from twelve to fifteen, and con- 
 tinues until between forty and fifty. Some women be- 
 gin to menstruate without any previous indisposition? 
 but with most of them, the first appearance of the dis- 
 charge is preceded by a swelling of the breast, together 
 with a sense of fullness in the lower regions of the belly, 
 pains in the back and lower extremities, and some slight 
 hysteric affection ; all of which ceases as soon as the flow 
 takes place. 
 
 It is of importance to women to know that occasional 
 irregularities are not always the consequence of this dis- 
 ease. Constitutions vary as much in respect to the regu- 
 lar returns of this discharge, as they do with regard to its 
 first appearance, or its final cessation. Those in whom 
 the change occurs very early, from vigor of constitution, 
 require little to be done for them ; but in weaker 
 and less plethoric young women, the non-appearance of 
 this evacuation is too often considered the cause, whereas, 
 it ought to be viewed as the effect of the state of the 
 habit, upropituous to its taking place. And according 
 to family practice, under this false impression, warm teas 
 and forcing medicines are employed at the approach of 
 the disease, which have often done much harm. 
 
 Nature is not so defective in her own judgment as to 
 require such auxiliaries. Care should be taken so to 
 manage the habits of their lives, as to improve the gen- 
 eral state of their health, by attention to diet, moderate 
 exercise, change of air and cheerfulness ; which will be 
 
440 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 found to have the happiest influence on the body and 
 mind, and give a salutary impulse on the circulation of 
 the blood. For the first two or three times of its ap- 
 pearing, it is apt to be somewhat irregular, both as to the 
 quantity of blood which is discharged, and the period 
 of its return; but after these, it commonly observes 
 stated periods, and nearly the same quantity is lost at 
 each visitation, unless some irregularity takes place. 
 
 To ascertain the quantity generally discharged, with 
 exactness, is impossible, as it varies in different women, 
 and greatly depends on the constitution. Those of a deli- 
 cate habit and lax fibre have a more copious discharge 
 than women of a robust constitution. However, in gen- 
 eral, the menses continue to flow from four to six days, 
 and the quantity discharged is about fi.ve ounces. 
 
 When the habit of a young woman is full, and the com- 
 plexion fair and florid, a low diet, cooling cathartics will 
 be proper to relieve some occasional indisposition ; but 
 the same complaint must be treated differently, if the 
 constitution be backward, the frame delicate, and the 
 person of a melancholy temperament. In such cases, 
 a nourishing diet, change of air, gentle exercise, particu- 
 larly riding horseback, with strengthening medicines, as 
 the rust or tincture of steel, or other tonics ; and there is 
 no remedy better in such cases than the Purifying Syrup 
 or Tonic Wine Tincture, together with the occasional 
 use of some stimulating purgative to keep the bowels 
 open, are the best to assist nature. When an immoder- 
 ate flow of the menses arises from a full habit, it is often 
 preceded by headache and giddiness, and is afterwards 
 attended with pains in the back and loins, some degree 
 of thirst, universal heat, and a frequent, strong, hard 
 pulse ; but when it arises in consequence of a laxity of 
 

 SUPPRESSION OF THE MENSES. 441 
 
 the organ or of a general debility, the symptoms attending 
 it are, paleness of visage, chilliness, unusual fatigue, pains 
 in the back, together with a loss of appetite, and indi- 
 gestion. 
 
 "When a profuse flow of the menses is attended with 
 pains in the back, and the patient is of a full and robust 
 habit, the body should be kept gently open with laxitives 
 that give but little stimulus ; administering cooling med- 
 icines, drinking freely of cool, aciducated liquors, such 
 as lemonade or tamarind beverage. Where we suppose 
 that it proceeds from a laxity of the vessels, besides 
 keeping the woman in a recumbent posture, shunning 
 external heat, and avoiding costiveness, and the other 
 remote causes, we should apply sedatives and astringents, 
 both of which may be used externally as well as inter- 
 nally. In those cases where the hemorrhage is profuse, 
 or of long continuance, and resists the means already 
 pointed out, it will be proper to inject into the uterus 
 from a gill to a half pint of a strong decoction of oak 
 bark, in which one or two drachms of alum has been 
 dissolved, or as much of the saturated solution of alum 
 in water, in order to constringe and strengthen the ves- 
 sels of the womb. This may be repeated two or three 
 times a day. To prevent a recurrence of the attack in 
 those who are subject to it, the patient must necessarily 
 avoid the causes of which it has been produced. 
 
 SUPPRESSION OF THE MENSES. 
 
 Whenever any interruption takes place after the men- 
 strual discharge has once been established in its regular 
 course, except when occasioned by pregnancy, it is always 
 to be considered as a case of suppression. When suddenly 
 
442 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 checked, it is usually attended with considerable pain in 
 the stomach, bowels or back, and sometimes in the chest. 
 In persons of a full habit, the face is generally flushed, 
 the pulse hard and frequent, flying pains in the chest, 
 perhaps spitting of blood, cough, palpitation, and diffi- 
 culty of breathing. Persons of delicate frame and mel- 
 ancholy temperament, and especially those who have 
 suffered from some debilitating cause have different symp- 
 toms, consisting what has been called green sickness, a 
 disease always connected with, and depending on, some 
 derangement of the sensual organs. 
 
 The cause which evidently produces a suppression of 
 the menses, is a constriction of the extremities of the 
 vessels of the uterus, arising from accidental circum- 
 stances, such as anxiety of mind, cold, inactivity of the 
 body, fear, the frequent use of acids and other sedatives, 
 etc. In some constitutions, particularly in those where 
 pain attends the discharge, very slight occurrences sud- 
 denly interrupt the flow, and prevent its usual return ; 
 such as passion of the mind, fright, fatigue, irregularities 
 of diet, putting on damp clothes, etc. This fact shows 
 the necessity for certain cautions and attentions during 
 the discharge. 
 
 The principal object we are to have in view in the 
 treatment of this complaint, is to remove the constric- 
 tion by a use of relaxants, antispasmodics, etc. As re- 
 laxants, bladders filled with warm water may be applied 
 to the lower part of the abdomen, or by receiving warm 
 vapors by seating the patient on a chamber pan, filled 
 with hot water. These applications should be employed 
 particularly at the time when nature seems to be making 
 some effort to produce the discharge, in order that they 
 may have their due effect. An emetic administered about 
 
SUPPRESSION OF THE MENSES. 443 
 
 the time when the evacuation should appear, and the pa- 
 tient during the operation sitting in a warm bath, has 
 sometimes been of infinite service. An obstruction may, 
 in some instances, continue in young and healthy wo- 
 men for many months without any inconvenience. This 
 is chiefly the case in those who are very corpulent, or 
 who have been in the pernicious practice of employing 
 vinegar and strong purges to reduce their size. By the 
 regular use of exercise, rising early in the morning, 
 avoiding supper, keeping the bowels regular, and living 
 rather absteniously, the health will be preserved, and in 
 course of time, the desired alterations will take place, 
 particularly if the female pills are made use of as direct- 
 ed, under that head. With the view of exciting into 
 action the uterine vessels, the surface of the body should 
 be kept warm by means of a flannel smock and drawers, 
 by frequent friction of the lower part of the abdomen 
 and limbs with flannel or a flesh-brush, and by exercise 
 of walking or dancing. By marriage, or a change in the 
 mode of life, the disorder has frequently been removed, 
 after having resisted all the ordinary remedies. No reme- 
 dy, applicable to every case, can possibly be discovered; 
 therefore, medicines, with a view to restore the periodic- 
 al evacuations, ought to be administered with the greatest 
 caution. 
 
 From all the practice I have had in this distressing 
 disease, which has been quite extensive, I am convinced 
 that when this distressing complaint reaches a chronic 
 form, that the same treatment will not be found bene- 
 ficial which is usually adopted in cases in the first stages. 
 The disease arises evidently from a derangement of the 
 uterine organs, caused by a check in perspiration. And 
 we often find this perspiration brought about by some 
 
444 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 unnecessary imprudence in the sufferer herself, which 
 could easily have been avoided; such as wearing thin 
 shoes, and similar imprudences. In treating such cases, 
 I have found nothing better than the vegetable heating 
 powders, my All-Healing Liniment, and the tonic wine 
 tincture ; also, the purifying syrup. The bowels should 
 be kept open by a gentle cathartic. I usually use the 
 anti-bilious pills, or cream of tartar, magnesia, rhubarb, 
 and spearmint, pulverized, in equal parts ; dose, an ordi- 
 nary teaspoonful. 
 
 I once had as bad a case, and cured it, of suppressed 
 menstruation, as I ever saw, or as there is on record, by the 
 following treatment, after the patient had been attended 
 by several physicians. The woman had suffered for four 
 years, and was no better from the treatment she had re- 
 ceived. I commenced treating her by advising bathing 
 in weak ley frequently ; and then bathed her abdomen 
 and small of her back with my All-Healing Liniment. 
 I gave her a few powders of compound mandrake, (man- 
 drake and cream of tartar,) and left with her a box of 
 anti-bilious pills, to be taken according to directions, and, 
 at the same time, gave her the tonic wine tincture, to be 
 taken before meals. I also gave my Purifying Syrup, 
 into which I incorporated half an ounce of hydrodate of 
 potash, to a quart of the syrup. Under this treatment, 
 in the space of six months, she had entirely recovered. 
 I think she used about eight quarts of the syrup. I have 
 used the same remedies in other cases, with the same ef- 
 fect. During the time, she used two boxes of my female 
 pills, the recipe for making which will be found under 
 the head of " Receipts," in this work. 
 
 From this experience, therefore, I think I may safely 
 assert that an entire change of treatment should be 
 
445 
 
 adopted, in strict conformity with the change of the dis- 
 ease, from the incipient stage to that of the chronic or 
 lingering stage. 
 
 FLEUR ALBUS, OR WHITES. 
 
 This is a complaint to which women are peculiarly 
 subject, and is marked by the discharge of a thin white, 
 or yellow matter, from the vagina and uterus, attended 
 with an offensive smell, smarting in making water, pains 
 in the back and loins, chilliness, languor, paleness of the 
 face, and indigestion. In process of time every symp- 
 tom becomes highly aggravated, the feet and ancles 
 swell, palpitation and difficulty of respiration are ex- 
 perienced ; the menstrual discharge is rendered irregular, 
 the mind is dejected, and either dropsy or consumption 
 supervenes, and terminates fatally. 
 
 The causes which give rise to this disease are injury 
 done to the parts by difficult and tedious labors, frequent 
 miscarriages, immoderate flowings of the menses, an in- 
 active and sedentary life, poor diet, profuse evacuations, 
 etc. 
 
 In some instances it appears to depend on a full and 
 irritable habit of body, and, in other cases, of local irri- 
 tation, such as disorders of the womb, or of the uniary 
 organs. In the treatment of this disease, regard must 
 be had to the apparent cause, and to the state of the pa- 
 tient. The discharge is too often considered by the sex 
 as the effects of general weakness in their habit, and 
 therefore are led to the indiscriminate use of heating 
 medicines, as balsam capavia, wine, etc., without paying 
 attention to the habit of the body or cause of the disease. 
 The cold bath, as sponging the thighs and loins with 
 
446 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 cold water every morning, proper exercise, due attention 
 to cleanliness, change of air, and a milk diet, are often 
 sufficient to arrest the disease, if applied in time. The 
 diet should be light and nourishing, and use the tonic 
 wine bitters before each meal, and the purifying syrup 
 night and morning; and it is advisable to lie on a mattress 
 in preference to a feather bed. They should rise early, 
 and take daily exercise on horseback or otherwise. 
 
 DISEASES OF PREGNANCY. 
 
 We cannot be surprised that it should be the source of 
 many disagreeable sensations, and the cause of many dis- 
 eases, when we reflect upon the changes which are pro- 
 duced by pregnancy. No part of the human body is 
 possessed of greater irritability than the womb, nor any 
 part of the increased irritability of which is more readily 
 communicated to the system in general. The breasts 
 are so connected with the womb by their office, that 
 every affection of that organ is immediately accompa- 
 nied by some change in the breast. The stomach, next 
 to the breast, most readily sympathizes with the womb ; 
 and through the stomach the head and the heart are 
 very soon brought to participate in its changes and com- 
 plaints. 
 
 Nausea and Vomiting. — Pregnant women are apt to be 
 troubled with frequent nausea and vomiting, and in 
 many cases it reduces them to a state of great debility. 
 It is generally sufficient to keep the bowels open, but 
 when it becomes troublesome, it is necessary to interfere 
 in time, otherwise alarming nervous complaints may be 
 induced. The most effectual means of affording relief 
 in those cases, are a free use of neutralizing cordial, and 
 

 DISEASES OF PREGNANCY. 447 
 
 the tonic wine bitters is sufficient to regulate the stomach 
 and bowels, which is all that is required. Many women 
 are troubled with costiveness. The same treatment will 
 be sufficient. 
 
 Piles. — Commonly attendant on a state of pregnancy, 
 and if neglected, may produce serious consequences. 
 Women in this situation should never allow more than 
 one day to pass without Jiaving a motion. Some gentle 
 laxative should be used daily. Such as cream of tartar, 
 flour of sulphur, and pile electuary, which will always 
 give prompt relief. 
 
 Suppression of Urine, etc. — In some cases there is great 
 pain or heat in making water, and, sometimes, the more 
 serious affection of suppression during pregnancy. In 
 the former it will be proper to make a free use of spear- 
 mint tea and diuretic drops. 
 
 Longings — Unnatural cravings, or what are termed 
 longings, which, however absurd they may appear on 
 some occasions, are frequently involuntary in pregnant 
 women, and should always, if possible, be granted, as 
 women are apt to miscarry from the anxiety these occa- 
 sion, when not indulged in them. 
 
 These affections of the mind are often supposed to 
 reach the infant in the womb, and to occasion marks and 
 other deformities. But every mother may feel confident 
 that Providence has better guarded the unborn innocent 
 than to have exposed it to injury from every variation in 
 the feeling of the parent. Numberless examples could 
 be produced to convince women that the notion which 
 most of them have, that figures of animals, or other ex- 
 traordinary marks, are stamped on the face of the child 
 in the womb, by the mere force of the woman's immagi- 
 nation, is a gross error. Although there are cases on 
 
448 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 record that sudden fear or fright has produced objects 
 similar to the object of those that produced the fear or 
 fright. 
 
 Fainting Fits. — Should hysterical or fainting fits arise, 
 and the patient be of a full habit, pay strict attention to 
 the bowels ; use the cream of tartar and flour of sulphur 
 in the morning, and nervous pills at night, so as to keep 
 the bowels regular, but if the patient be of a spare, deli- 
 cate habit, make a free use of the tonic wine bitters, 
 three times a day, and the nervous pills at night, and 
 make use of a light but nourishing diet. 
 
 Cramps. — Cramps of the legs and thighs, which occur 
 most frequently when lying in bed, are to be relieved by 
 bathing the feet and legs in a strong decoction made 
 from bitter herbs of any kind, though rue wormwood 
 are best; hops or tansy will answer as a substitute. Bathe 
 fifteen or twenty minutes at a time, then wipe dry, and 
 bathe with my All-Healing Liniment, which should al- 
 ways be in every house, but when that cannot be had, 
 strong vinegar and rain water, equal parts, add red pep- 
 per, or cayenne pepper, stew it up and bathe with it as 
 a substitute. At an advanced period of pregnancy, they 
 are only to be relieved by labor removing the cause. 
 
 Incontinence of Urine.— -This is a very disagreeable 
 complaint, as it keeps the woman constantly in an un- 
 comfortable state. It can be moderated by a frequent 
 horizontal posture, but is to be removed only by labor. 
 Its bad effects may be prevented by attention to cleanli- 
 ness. Great benefit has been derived from the tea made 
 from the herb yearrow. 
 
 Palpitation is another distressing affection to which 
 some women are liable during the whole of pregnancy. 
 In general, invigorating diet, moderate exercise in the 
 
DISEASES OF PBEGNANCY. 449 
 
 open air, keeping the bowels regular, avoiding every 
 thing that disagrees with the stomach, and whatever 
 agitates the mind, will render the attack less frequent. 
 In this case, the tonic urine bitters has proved to be an 
 effectual remedy. 
 
 False Pains. — Pains resembling the throes of labor, 
 and known by the name of false pains, are apt to come 
 on at an advanced stage of pregnancy, and often to oc- 
 casion unnecessary alarm. In such cases, a few doses of my 
 All-Healing Liniment, mixed with an equal quantity of 
 the tincture of kircuma, (yellow root,) say a desert spoon- 
 ful at a dose, taken in sweet milk, will effectually allevi- 
 ate the pains. 
 
 Convulsions. — Puerperal convulsions bear some like- 
 ness to epileptic fits, and it is only being aware of the 
 different degrees of violence attending each, that at first 
 sight they can be distinguished. A fit of puerperal con- 
 vulsion is much more severe than one of epilepsy ; and 
 paroxysm of the former is usually so violent, that a wo- 
 man, who, when in health, was by no means strong, has 
 been so convulsed as to shake the whole room, and to 
 resist the powers of many attendants. No force, indeed, 
 can restrain a woman when in these convulsions. 
 
 Puerperal convulsions seldom happen before the sixth 
 month, but may occur at any time between this period 
 and the completion of labor, or after the labor is finished. 
 At whatever period of pregnancy they do take place, 
 we uniformily find, that if they are repeated, and do not 
 prove fatal, they bring on labor, or at least open the 
 mouth of the womb. But there are many instances 
 where, by proper measures, the repetition of the fit may 
 be prevented, and the patient go safely to the full time. 
 The formation of too large a quantity of blood and an 
 29 
 
450 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 increased susceptibility of impressions of the nervous 
 system, occasion the tendency to this disease. When 
 these exist in any considerable degree, circumstances sud- 
 denly brings on the fits, when, in any other condition of 
 the body, have little influence ; such as over fatigue, 
 fright, distress of the mind, irritations of the stomach or 
 bowels, over distentions of the urinary bladder, or ob- 
 struction to the passage of the blood through the belly 
 and lower extremities, in consequence of the pressure of 
 the enlarged womb. 
 
 The immediate cause of fits is an overflow, or too great 
 determination of blood to the vessels within the head. 
 These facts explain the necessity for so regulating the 
 diet and exercise during the latter months of pregnancy, 
 as shall prevent both too great fullness of the habit, and 
 also impaired energy of the nervous system. Under 
 proper and active management, convulsions are found to 
 be in general more alarming than really dangerous. The 
 frightful appearances which attend such cases having 
 paralyzed the exertions of practitioners, may perhaps 
 account for the unfortunate event in many cases. 
 
 A strict attention should be paid to the bowels, and 
 make a free use of the neutralizing cordial, and at the 
 same time take a teaspoonful of spasmodic tincture. The 
 tincture can be taken in wine, or anything desirable. 
 
 Discharge of Water may take place at different times 
 during pregnancy, especially in the two last months. 
 The quantity is variable, and sometimes the discharge is 
 accompanied or succeeded by irregular pains. When 
 this is the case, give a dose of laudanum, and afterwards 
 some gentle laxative to prevent costiveness. - At the 
 same time the patient should remain quiet in bed. By 
 these means she may go to the full time. If the water con- 
 
DISEASES OF PREGNANCY. 451 
 
 tiimes for several days but trifling in quantity, a solution 
 of alum or a decoction of oak bark should be injected 
 up the vagina two or three times a day. 
 
 Discharge of Blood may proceed either from the pass- 
 age of the womb, or from that organ itself. In the 
 former case, no bad effects can be dreaded ; but in the 
 latter one the most serious consequences may ensue. The 
 immediate cause of a flow of the blood from the womb, 
 during pregnancy, is the rupture of blood-vessels, by the 
 partial or total separation of those parts which connect 
 the child with the mother. 
 
 This circumstance explains the difference of danger in 
 the early and latter months ; for in the former, the blood- 
 vessels of the womb being small, are incapable of pour- 
 ing out much blood; but in the latter, they are very 
 large, and may discharge in a short time, a great quantity. 
 
 The management of these cases may be varied according 
 to a number of circumstances. Tranquility of mind, 
 and confinement to bed in an airy room, lightly covered 
 with clothes, are of great importance. 
 
 A bladder two-thirds filled with cold water, or cloths 
 wrung out of cold vinegar and water, should be imme- 
 diately applied to the lower part of the belly. At the 
 same time, make use of a tea of the seed of hemp, (see 
 hemp.) In the latter stage of pregnancy, if the attack 
 be severe or repeated, nothing can save the mother and 
 child but delivery, which must not be too long delayed, 
 in expectation of pains coming on, or of their becoming 
 brisk, if they have already taken place. 
 
 Abortion. — By abortion or miscarriage, is to be under- 
 stood the exposition of the contents of the womb, at a 
 period of gestation so early as to render it impossible for 
 the child to live. It is an accident of frequent occur- 
 
452 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 rence which is always attended with disagreeable cir- 
 cumstances, and which, although it seldom proves fatal, 
 may still be productive of much mischief at a future 
 period. Abortion may happen at any period of preg- 
 nancy, but they take place most frequently about the 
 third or fourth month. It is always accompanied with 
 two circumstances, separation of the membranous bag, 
 expulsive effects, or contraction of the womb itself. The 
 first is productive of discharge, the second of pains like 
 those of labor. 
 
 Sometimes the seperation or detachment of part of the 
 conception takes place before any pain is felt ; on other 
 occasions the pain or contraction of the womb takes 
 place first, and produces separation. In the first of these 
 cases the symptoms of abortion takes place suddenly, 
 and are usually occasioned by fatigue, sudden exertion, 
 or fright. 
 
 In the second, the child is frequently dead for some 
 little time before the pains come on, and there are par- 
 ticular feelings and changes which indicate that a mis- 
 carriage is likely to take place; as for instance, the 
 cession of the morning sickness, the subsidence of the 
 breast, absence of motion of the child, a feeling of 
 weight or heaviness in the lower part of the belly, etc. 
 The causes which give rise to abortion, are violent exer- 
 tions of strength, severe exercise, as dancing or walking, 
 the fatiguing dissipation of fashionable life, sudden 
 fright, violent fits of passion, great uneasiness of mind, 
 over fullness of blood, profuse evacuation, excessive 
 venery, former miscarriages, general debility of the sys- 
 tem, a diseased state of the womb, external injuries, as 
 blows and bruises, strong acrid medicines, which are 
 often taken for the express purpose of exciting abortion 
 and the death of the child. 
 
DISEASES OF PKEGNANCY. 453 
 
 Such criminal intentions to destroy the child by arti- 
 ficial means can never succeed, unless the most violent 
 effects are produced on the organs contageous to the 
 womb, which seldom fail to produce inflammation of 
 these delicate parts, and occasion the death of the moth- 
 er. Whenever, therefore, women commit such unjusti- 
 fiable crimes to conceal the .indulgence of irregular 
 passions, their life is exposed to the greatest danger. 
 
 When a woman is threatened with miscarriage, there 
 are two objects to attend to. The first is to prevent it if 
 we can ; the second is to manage it so that as little blood 
 as possible be lost, and these are obtained both by the 
 same means. With this view, the patient should imme- 
 diately on the first alarm undress and go to bed, lightly 
 covered, with a firm determination not to rise till the 
 process be either checked or completely over. There 
 should be little fire in the room, though it should be in 
 winter, and, in summer, the windows must be opened. 
 Clothes, wet with cold water, should instantly be applied 
 to the lower part of the belly and back. The drink must 
 be cold, and everything stimulating avoided. A woman 
 that is subject to habitual abortions, and who is of full 
 plethoric habit, ought to, before the usual time of her 
 miscarrying, make a free use of blue cohush root, either 
 in the form of powders or made into a tea. 
 
 She should likewise keep the body perfectly open with 
 gentle aparient medicines, using a spare diet, consisting 
 principally of vegetables ; and avoid all agitation of the 
 mind, severe exercise, violent efforts, and such objects as 
 may be likely to make a disagreeable impression on her. 
 The sleep should be abridged in duration, and not to be 
 taken on a bed of down, but on a firm mattress, prevent- 
 ng, at the same time, the accumulation of too much 
 
454 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 heat about the body. Every day she ought to take 
 regular and moderate exercise being cautious at the same 
 time not to carry it to the length of exciting fatigue. 
 In a woman of a lax habit, as a means to prevent habitu- 
 al abortion, for such, nutritive and generous diet, moder- 
 ate exercise in a carriage, cold bathing, together with 
 tonic medicine, will be necessary, the patient at the same 
 time avoiding the exciting causes. 
 
 In all cases during the last stages of pregnancy, when 
 our endeavors to stop or repress the hemorrhage prove 
 abortive, and the life of the woman becomes endangered 
 by its severity, it will be advisable to deliver her as soon 
 as possible. 
 
 If the ovum be still entire, and the pregnancy consid- 
 erably advanced, the expulsive action is to be excited by 
 rupturing the membranes. "When the whole conception 
 comes away at once, the pain and discharge usually go 
 oft' but, if only the child comes away, all the symptoms ei- 
 ther continue and increase till the after-birth comes 
 away, or, if they be for a time suspended, they are sure 
 to return. 
 
 After the process is over, if the discharge be profuse, 
 and does not stop on the application of cold water to 
 the lower part of the belly, it will be proper to plug up 
 the vagina, and this is best done by taking a pretty large 
 piece of soft cloth, dipping it in oil, and then wringing 
 it gently. This is to be introduced with the finger, por- 
 tion after portion, until the lower part of the vagina be 
 pretty well filled. The remainder is then to be firmly 
 pressed on the orifice, and held there some time for the 
 effused blood to coagulate. 
 
 In obstinate cases, previous to the introduction of the 
 plug, we may insert a little powdered ice, or snow, tied 
 

 LABOR, DELIVERY, ETC. 455 
 
 up in a rag, if it can be procured, but neither of these 
 should be continued so long as to produce pain or much 
 shivering. In addition to this mode of treatment, it will 
 be advisable to have recourse to astringent medicines, as 
 advised in immoderate flow of menses. Indian arrow- 
 root, sago, panado, rice, milk, etc., constitute a proper 
 regimen in this disease. If the process be protracted 
 and the strength much impaired, the diet may be more 
 liberal. In every case, ripe fruit is safe and useful. The 
 bowels are to be kept regular, and sleep, if necessary, 
 is to be produced by an anodyne. It requires great 
 attention to prevent abortion in subsequent pregnancies, 
 whenever it has happened. In all such cases it will be 
 highly necessary to attend to the usual habitudes and 
 constitution of the woman, and to remove that condition 
 which is found to dispose to abortion, which may be 
 done by attending to the rules already laid down. 
 
 LABOR, DELIVERY, ETC. 
 
 Dr. Beach, in his " Reformed Practice of Medicine," 
 speaking of labor, delivery, etc., so completely coincides 
 with my views, that I shall condense his remarks to such 
 a length as will come within the bounds of this work, 
 and substitute it in lieu of auy remarks I would other- 
 wise have made myself. 
 
 After seven months of pregnancy, the fcetes has all 
 the conditions for breathing and exercising its digestion. 
 It may then be separated from its mother, and change 
 its mode of existence. Child-birth rarely, however, 
 happens at this period ; most frequently the footus re- 
 mains two months longer in the uterus, and it does not 
 pass out of this organ till after the revolution of nine 
 months. 
 
456 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Examples are related of children being born after ten 
 months of gestation ; but these cases are very doubtful, 
 for it is extremely difficult to know the exact period of 
 conception. The legislation of France, however, has 
 fixed the principle, that child-birth may take place the 
 two hundred and ninety-ninth day of pregnancy. 
 
 ^Nothing is more curious than the mechanism by which 
 the foetus is expelled ; everything happens with wonder- 
 ful precision, all seems to have been foreseen, and calcu- 
 lated to favor its passage through the pelvis, and the 
 genital parts. 
 
 The physical causes that determine the exit of the 
 foetus are the contraction of the uterus as that of the ab- 
 dominal muscles ; by their force the liquor aurnii flows 
 out, the head of the foetus is engaged in the pelvis, it 
 goes through it, and soon passes out of the valve, the 
 folds of which disappear; these different phenomena 
 take place in succession, and continue a certain time ; 
 they are accompanied with pains more or less severe, 
 with swelling and softening of the soft parts of the pel- 
 vis and external genital parts, and with an abundant 
 mucus secretion in the cavity of the vagina. 
 
 All these circumstances, each in its own way, favor 
 the passage of the foetus. To facilitate the study of this 
 action, it may be divided into several periods ; but with- 
 out practical use. 
 
 The First Period of Child-Birth. — It is constituted by 
 the precussory signs. Two or three days before child- 
 birth, a flow of mucus takes place from the vagina; the 
 external genital parts swell and become softer ; it is the 
 same with the ligaments that unite the bones of the pel- 
 vis; the mouth of the womb flattens, its opening is en- 
 larged, its edges become thinner; slight pains known 
 
457 
 
 under the nams of flying pains, are felt in the loins and 
 abdomen. 
 
 Second Period. — Pains of a peculiar kind come on ; they 
 begin in the lumber region, and seem to be propagated 
 towards the womb or the rectum, and are removed only 
 after intervals of a quarter or half an hour each. 
 
 Each of them is accompanied with an evident con- 
 traction of the body of the uterus, with tensions of its 
 neck and dislocation of the opening; the finger directed 
 into the vagina discovers that the envelopes of the foetus 
 are pushed outwards, and that there is a considerable 
 tumor, which is called the waters; the pains very soon 
 become stronger, and the contraction of the uterus more 
 powerful ; the membranes break, and a part of the liquid 
 escapes ; the uterus contracts on itself, and is applied to 
 the surface of the foetus. 
 
 Third Period. — The pains and contractions of the ute- 
 rus increase considerably; they are instinctively accom- 
 panied by the contractions of the abdominal muscles. 
 The woman who is aware of their effect is inclined to 
 favor them, by making all the muscular efforts of which 
 she is capable; her pulse then becomes stronger and 
 more frequent; her face is animated, her eyes shine, her 
 whole body is in extreme agitation, and perspiration 
 flows in abundance. The head descends into the lower 
 strait of the pelvis. 
 
 Fourth Period. — After some moments of repose, the 
 pains and expulsive contractions resume all their activity; 
 the head presents itself at the valva, makes an effort to 
 pass and succeeds when there happens to be a contrac- 
 tion sufficiently strong to produce this effect. The head 
 being once disengaged, the remaining parts of the body 
 easily follows on account of their smaller volume. The 
 
458 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 section of the umbilical cord is then made, and a ligature 
 is put around it at a short distance from the umbilicus 
 or navel. 
 
 Fifth Period. — If the mid-wife has not proceeded im- 
 mediately to the extraction of the placenta after the 
 birth of the child, slight pains are felt in a short time ; 
 the uterus contracts freely, but with force enough to throw 
 off the placenta and the membranes of the ovum ; this 
 expulsion bears the name of delivery. During the 
 twelve or fifteen days that follow child-birth, the uterus 
 contracts by degress upon itself, the woman suffers 
 abundant perspiration, her breasts are extended by the 
 milk that they secrete ; a flow of matter, which takes 
 place from the vagina, called lochia-first sanguiferous, 
 then whittish, indicates that the organs of the woman 
 resume, by degrees, the disposition they had before con- 
 ception. 
 
 MANAGEMENT OF LABOR. 
 
 Women, in general, are ignorant of parturition or de- 
 livery. Almost all of them are under the impression 
 that labor is completed more by art than nature, hence 
 the most noted accouchers are employed to attend 
 during this interesting period ; and professional men in 
 general have no wish to undeceive them on this subject, 
 as their interest is too much concerned. I have often 
 been astonished to see the credulity and ignorance mani- 
 fested on these occasions. Thanks and blessings have 
 been poured upon me, under the idea that I had saved 
 their lives in labor, when I had merely looked on and 
 admired the perfect, adequate powers of nature, and su- 
 perintended the efforts of the work, and it is nature 
 that accomplishes all, while the accoucher gets the credit 
 
MANAGEMENT OF LABOR. 459 
 
 of it. There is not one case in a thousand in which you 
 can do more than remain a silent spectator, except to 
 calm the fears of the ignorant and timid attendants. 
 The mischief and injury that is done by the untimely 
 interference of art, is incalculable. 
 
 In pregnancy, women are bled till they have not 
 strength enough to accomplish delivery, and when it 
 takes place the forceps, or other instruments, are used 
 which often prove fatal to the mother or child, or both. 
 Were all women properly instructed in this branch, 
 many lives would be saved, and it is in this branch that 
 I wish to see a reform as well as other branches of medi- 
 cine; but the want of room, and the object for which 
 this work is intended, prevents me from here enlarging 
 upon this subject. All women ought to be instructed in 
 mid-wifery, and those who are of a proper turn of mind, 
 should be well qualified to act in the capacity of mid- 
 wives; no man should ever be permitted to enter the 
 apartment of a woman in labor except in consultations 
 or on extraordinary occasions. The practice is unneces- 
 sary, unnatural, and wrong. These are various particu- 
 lars to be avoided, and several things to be done in the 
 management of women during labor. I have room here 
 to state only a few, and shall begin by pointing out the 
 course to be pursued in. 
 
 Natural Labor. — When called to a woman supposed to 
 be in labor, we must first ascertain whether her pains are 
 true or false, and which may be easily known by a little 
 inquiry. If the female complains of flying or unsettled 
 pains about the system, occurring mostly towards eve- 
 ning, or during the night, and being slight or irregular, 
 it may be taken for granted that they are spurious or 
 false. If these symptoms prove troublesome, an infusion 
 
460 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 or tea of hops may be taken, or what is still better, a tea 
 of vegetable heating powders, or if this is not sufficient 
 to relieve them or procure sleep, an anodyne may be 
 taken, and it may be necessary also to give laxative 
 medicines, or an injection with a little laudanum. True 
 pains may be known by the pain being more concen- 
 trated in the lower part of the belly through the loins 
 and hips. 
 
 The pains now increase in regularity and force, re- 
 turning every ten or fifteen minutes, and leaving the 
 woman comparatively easy in the intervals. "When the 
 pains become regular and severe, there is a discharge of 
 slimy matter, tinged with blood, known by the name of, 
 shows. At this period of labor, it will be proper for the 
 person who attends the labor, to examine, in order to as- 
 certain what part of the child presents, which may be 
 done by requesting the female to sit in a chair, or on the 
 side of the bed, and to extend the legs, when the longest 
 finger, dipped in sweet oil, may be passed up the vagina 
 to the part which presents, and the sense communicated 
 will determine the nature of the presentation. In nine- 
 teen cases out of twenty, or in almost every case, the 
 head will be felt. Frequent examinations should be 
 avoided. 
 
 Dr. Bard, speaking of examinations, remarks : " "What 
 terms shall I use to condemn, as it deserves, the abomin- 
 able practice of boring, scooping, and stretching the 
 soft parts of the mother, under the preposterous idea of 
 making room for the child to pass. It is impossible to 
 censure this dangerous practice too severely ; it is al- 
 ways wrong ; nor can there be any one period in labor, 
 the most easy and natural, the most tedious and difficult, 
 the most regular or preternatural, in which it can be of 
 
MANAGEMENT OF LABOR. 461 
 
 the least use ; in which it will not unavoidably do great 
 mischief; it will render an easy labor painful ; one which 
 would be short, tedious, and one which, if left to nature, 
 would terminate happily, highly dangerous." 
 
 "All that is proper to be done in a case of natural la- 
 bor, from its commencement to its termination," says Dr. 
 McNair, "will suggest itself to any person of common 
 understanding. I have long labored under the convic- 
 tion that the office of attending women in their confine- 
 ment, should be entrusted to prudent females. There is 
 not, according to my experience, and the reports of the 
 most eminent surgeons, more than one case in three 
 thousand that requires the least assistance. I am aware, 
 however, that there are crafty physicians who attempt, 
 and often succeed, in causing the distressed and alarmed 
 female to believe that it would be altogether impossible 
 for her to get over her troubles without their assistance ; 
 and for the purpose of making it appear that their 
 services are absolutely necessary, they will be continually 
 interfering, sometimes with their instruments when there 
 is not the least occasion for it. It is my confirmed opin- 
 ion, (after forty years' practice,) that there would be 
 much less danger in cases of confinement, if they were 
 entrusted altogether to females. There is no doubt in 
 my mind, but that one-half of the women attended by 
 these men are delivered before their proper period ; and 
 this is the reason why we see so many deformed children, 
 and meet with so many females who have incurable 
 complaints. 
 
 "If the business was trusted to aged midwives, they 
 would give more time, and nature would have an op- 
 portunity to do its work ; and if necessary, advice might 
 be had with more safety." 
 
462 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 It is a very common circumstance for an inexperienced 
 (or he may be an experienced, but ignorant) practitioner 
 to attempt a rupture of the membranes, and in doing so, 
 rupture the bladder, which would render the woman 
 miserable during life. I am acquainted with twenty-five 
 or thirty females who have met with this sad misfortune, 
 and many of them have been attended by those who are 
 termed most successful or old experienced physicians. 
 Dr. Rush, speaking of child-bearing among the Indians, 
 says: "that nature is their only midwife ; their labors are 
 short, and accompanied with little pain ; each woman is 
 delivered in a private cabin, without so much as one of 
 her own sex to attend her ; after washing herself in cold 
 water, she returns in a few days to her usual employ- 
 ment, so that she knows nothing of those accidents 
 which proceed from carelessness or ill-management of 
 midwives or doctors, or the weakness which arises from 
 a month's confinement in a warm room." 
 
 Dr. "Whitney remarks : " I have had many cases where 
 I found the attendants alarmed, and some in tears, from 
 supposing they should have had help sooner, fearing the 
 worst consequences from delay; but admitting that the 
 doctor knew best, they would calmly wait for hours, 
 when in nature's time, all ended well. I pledge myself as 
 a physician, that all honest doctors will tell you that la- 
 bor is the work of nature, and she generally does it best 
 when left to herself. " 
 
 " Among the Arancanian Indians, " says Stevenson, in 
 his Twenty Years' Eesidence in South America, "a 
 mother, immediately on her delivery, takes her child, 
 and, going down to the nearest stream, washes herself 
 and it, and returns to the usual labor of her station." 
 
 " The wonderful facility with which the Indian women 
 

 MANAGEMENT OP LABOR. 463 
 
 bring forth their children," says Lewis and Clark, in their 
 well known journal, " seems rather some benevolent gift 
 of nature in exempting them from pains, which their 
 savage state would render doubly grevious, than any re- 
 sult of habit. One of the women who had been leading 
 two of our pack-horses, halted at a rivulet about a mile 
 behind, and sent on the two horses by a female friend. 
 On inquiring of one of the Indian men the cause of 
 her detention, he answered with great appearance of un- 
 concern, that she had just stopped to lie in, and would 
 soon overtake us. In fact we were astonished to see her 
 in about an hour's time come on with her new-born in- 
 fant, and pass us on her way to the camp, apparantly in 
 perfect health." Having thus shown who are the proper 
 persons to assist in parturition, and the necestity of de- 
 pending on the great resources of nature to accomplish 
 delivery, I proceed to treat of labor, delivery, etc. 
 
 When it has been ascertained that the labor is natural, 
 or that there are no impediments or obstacles, there will 
 be very little more to do than superintend the person. 
 It will be necessary to give instruction to the attendants 
 to make suitable preparations, or have everything re- 
 quired in readiness. 
 
 The woman may be delivered on a bed or a cot, as is 
 most convenient; if a bed be used, all but the mattress 
 should be turned back toward the head, and it should 
 be so prepared that the moisture from the uterus and 
 other discharges may not add to the discomfort of the 
 woman. A dressed skin, oil cloth, or folded blanket may 
 be placed on that part of the mattress on which the patient 
 is to rest ; a coarse blanket folded within a sheet ought 
 to be laid immediately beneath the patient to absorb the 
 moisture, which must be removed after delivery ; the 
 
464 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 rest of the bed-clothes are to be put on in the ordinary 
 way. The woman when she is no longer able to remain 
 up, may lie down with her head elevated in any position 
 which is most desirable, and in nearly every case that I 
 have ever attended, the back has been preferred, al- 
 though almost all writers recommend that the woman be 
 laid on her side ; the latter practice is unnatural and 
 wrong for obvious reasons: it retards the labor pains, 
 and prevents the midwife from superintending the pro- 
 gress of the labor; the pillow that is directed to be 
 placed between the knees to keep them widely separated 
 soon gets displaced by the motion or change of the fe- 
 male ; and the legs instead of being kept apart, again 
 comes in contact, and thus the passage of the child is 
 obstructed; but when the female is placed upon her 
 back, this difficulty is obviated ; a free passage is per- 
 mitted ; the pains are more effectual ; the spine is better 
 supported, and better access can be had to the parts 
 during labor and after the delivery of the child; in short 
 there is a decided advantage in this position in every 
 respect. 
 
 The dress of women in labor should be light and sim- 
 ple, both to keep themselves from being overheated, and 
 to prevent any thing from being in the way of what assis- 
 tance is necessary. In addition to the means recommend- 
 ed, I direct a sheet to be placed around the waist of the 
 woman to prevent the blood, excrements or waters, from 
 coming in contact with the linen or clothes, and as much 
 as possible, the bed ; her linen may be tucked or pushed 
 up so far that there will be no necessity of a removal 
 after delivery. Everything being thus adjusted, very 
 little more will be necessary but to wait patiently the 
 efforts and operations of nature. There should be but 
 
MANAGEMENT OF LABOR. 465 
 
 few attendants in the room, and these are not to whisper 
 to each other, or to express any fear or doubts. 
 
 " A humane midwife will use any ingenious effort in 
 her power to quiet the useless fears, and support and 
 comfort the patient, A crowd of frightened hysterical 
 women assailing the ears of the woman with tales of woe, 
 and sad disasters that have happened, should be admon- 
 ished. Half a dozen midwives, each making pretentions 
 to great skill, ambition, and competition for obstetric fame, 
 assembled around a feeble woman, when labor is of a lin- 
 gering character, is always an unfortunate circumstance, 
 and it would be much better if nearly every one was 
 afar of." 
 
 When the pains become very severe, quickly succeed- 
 ing each other, the midwife, or the person who officiates, 
 may sit by the side of the woman, and, upon every severe 
 pain, may keep her hand upon the parts, even though no 
 manner of assistance can be afforded; and occasionally, 
 when the head of the child presses hard, it may be 
 gently touched or pressed with the longest finger in order 
 to ascertain the parts that prevent the progress of labor, as 
 well as to be able to give, from time to time, suitable en- 
 couragement ; not only so in the last stage of labor, the 
 hand may be kept near the parts, to know the moment 
 when the head of the child presents, as some little as- 
 sistance at this time is called for, not by supporting the pe- 
 rinoeum, as some advise, but, 
 
 First : To remove any obstructions which often arises 
 from the clothes. 
 
 Second : To support the child in its passage, and in 
 the intervals of pains, and to keep the head from pitch- 
 ing downward and thus obstructing the labor. 
 
 Third: To detach the umbilical cord or navel string 
 30 
 
466 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 from the neck when it encircles it, as is often the case, 
 and which endangers the life of the child. 
 
 Fourth : To deliver the woman in case of hemorrhage 
 or great flooding, but at the same time there must be no 
 farther interference of art. Little or nothing can be 
 done toward facilitating the delivery of the child, except 
 when a large bay or collection of water presents and 
 opposes, when it may be ruptured with the longest finger, 
 which affords much aid. Although such is the ignorance 
 and credulity of some women, that they suppose almost 
 everything to be accomplished by art. Physicians or 
 midwives who watch only the process of labor and do 
 little or nothing, are pronounced inhuman and cruel, and 
 perhaps ignorant, because they are honest in not inter- 
 fering with the simple and beautiful process of labor, 
 or in other words, for relying upon the great resources 
 of nature ; but such is the fashion and credulity of man- 
 kind, or rather womankind, that physicians are obliged 
 to take the advantage of such ignorance and credulity, 
 and regulate their proceedings accordingly. I have often 
 been obliged to stand for hours over a woman, under 
 pretense of aiding delivery, when in reality I did nothing 
 at all. The labor would have progressed just as well 
 had I been out of the room, but this deception I have 
 been obliged to practice in order to satisfy ignorant 
 gossiping or crying attendants. When the woman is 
 disposed to make much noise, she should be directed to 
 hold her breasts during the pains, and aid or assist them 
 by pressing downward as much as possible ; the feet may 
 press against the bed-post, and the woman take hold of 
 a handkerchief and pull when a pain occurs, or she may 
 grasp the hand of an assistant for that purpose. Some- 
 times, from various causes, labor is very much retarded 
 
MANAGEMENT OF LABOR. 467 
 
 from rigidity of the parts, tire situation of the child, de- 
 bility, etc. When this occurs, and labor is tedious and 
 protracted, our reliance must still be upon the powers of 
 nature. We may, however, aid her efforts by warm fo- 
 mentations of bitter herbs, often applied to the lower 
 parts of the belly, which will prove relaxing and will 
 facilitate the labor; warm diluent drinks may also be 
 given, such as tanzy, pennyroyal, etc. If the labor still 
 continues stationary, we have nothing to fear, provided 
 there is a right presentation, but should the pains become 
 feeble or lessened from flooding, debility, or any cause, 
 or should they prove unavoidable after a reasonable 
 length of time, a drachm of spurred rye or ergot may 
 be put into a teacup and a gill of boiling water poured 
 upon it, and when cool, a tablespoonful given every fif- 
 teen minutes. This will increase the pains and speedily 
 accomplish a delivery, but it should be very seldom or 
 never used, except when there is a right presentation, 
 and under the most urgent circumstances. 
 
 It is prudent, by judicious precaution and care, to re- 
 move obstructions, prevent accidents by holding or sup- 
 porting the child in a proper position, and giving such 
 aid as reason and judgment will dictate. Receiving the 
 child, preventing its fall, securing the navel cord, assist- 
 ing in the removal and disposal of the after-birth, are 
 objects which are to be accomplished, aud all in the most 
 calm and most simple manner ; no hurry or excitement 
 is necessary, but on the contrary they embarrass. Yet 
 how common is it that females in general, married and 
 unmarried, are so stupid and ignorant, that instead of at- 
 tending to those duties, if necessary, or in case of emer 7 
 gency, they are thrown into the greatest consternation, 
 and perhaps run out of the room and let the child suffo- 
 
468 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 cate by the bed clothes or by the navel cord twisted 
 about the neck, and die merely for the want of a little 
 common sense and knowledge which might be acquired 
 in an hour. Is it not highly disgraceful, if not criminal, 
 that persons can and do attend to these duties toward their 
 stock, and yet remain entirely ignorant of them towards 
 their nearest relatives? Young women and men are 
 taught music and dancing, drawing, needle-work, and 
 many ornamental branches, considered so essential to a 
 polite education, yet they are suffered to remain entirely 
 ignorant on a subject of so much vital importance. Is 
 there any hope or prospect of enlightning this genera- 
 tion, or must it be delayed till the next, and have them 
 look back with amazement at our ignorance? I hope 
 there is something yet redeeming in a large proportion 
 of the community — that the people will yet awake to 
 their own interests. 
 
 When the head is delivered, all that is necessary to do 
 is to support it and wait for the pains to expel the child, 
 except it seems livid and in danger of injury, or when 
 the cord is twisted around the neck, when assistance must 
 be rendered to accomplish delivery. The face of the 
 child must now be turned upward and the cord freed 
 from the neck or body ; the person who assists will pass 
 a narrow piece of tape around the cord, or navel string, 
 about an inch from the body, and tie it as tight as it can 
 be drawn, otherwise hemorrhage or bleeding will take 
 place, and another must be tied at a little distance from 
 it above, and be separated between with a pair of scissors. 
 The child is then to be given to the nurse to be washed, 
 dried, and dressed. The woman must now be covered 
 and directed to lay quiet. 
 
 The After-Birth. — The after-birth, or placenta, must be 
 
MANAGEMENT OF LABOR. 469 
 
 detached or removed, if nature does not accomplish it 
 in a short time. Generally, after about twenty or thirty 
 minutes, a pain is felt which may be sufficient to expel 
 it; if it should not, and should there be no pain, gentle 
 manual attempts may be made to remove it. The head 
 and breast may be elevated and the cord taken hold of 
 by the left hand; the two first fingers may be care- 
 fully introduced into the vagina, and the anterior or 
 forepart of the placenta, or after-birth, held in this situa- 
 tion for some minutes in order to excite a contraction of 
 the uterus. The woman may now be directed to hold 
 her breath and press down, which forces it forward, and 
 at the same time a little exertion may be made upon the 
 cord with the left hand, while the extension is made 
 upon the after-birth with the right ; this will almost in- 
 variably extract it in a few minutes. If from any cause 
 it should not, no farther attempts must be made for the 
 present, but left for a few hours, when, if the natural 
 contractions of the uterus do no remove it, it must be 
 done in the manner recommended, with this difference, 
 that a little more force be used. In the interval, how- 
 ever, everything wet must be taken away. 
 
 Subsequent Treatment. — After the labor has been thus 
 completed, if the woman is not too weak, assistants may 
 raise her up and sit her upon the side of the bed or cot, 
 while another removes all the wet clothing from the pa- 
 tient and her bed, and with a little warm spirits washes 
 off the blood, water, etc., that remains on her person. 
 This is particularly necessary as the omission of it may 
 give rise to puerperal fever. I know not that any other 
 has practised this method, but I have found it conducive 
 to the comfort, as well as the health, of the patient. 
 Some practitioners will not suffer the woman to be re- 
 
470 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 moved from the situation in which she has been deliver- 
 ed under twelve or twenty-four hours, for fear of hemor- 
 rhage or flooding, but this is a great and dangerous error. 
 It is impossible to tell what mischief may arise in conse- 
 quence of suffering her to remain drenched in water and 
 blood for this length of time. After these precautions 
 have been observed and the bed properly prepared, on 
 which has been placed folded blankets, skin or oilcloth, 
 covered with a warm sheet, she may be laid down and a 
 diaper or suitable piece of muslin laid to the part to ab- 
 sorb local discharges; a bandage may also be placed 
 around the abdomen or belly and made moderately tight, 
 but not so as to render her uncomfortable. A large tub, 
 previously well dried, may be placed by the side of the 
 bed, and the woman directed to place her feet in it, and 
 when she is lifted up everything that is around her wet, 
 to be passed into it. It prevents the necessity of after- 
 ward washing the floor and carpet which might prove 
 injurious by causing a check of perspiration. 
 
 Preternatural Labor, or Cross Births, are those in which 
 some other part than the head presents. "We can not, in 
 general, assign any reason for such occurrences, nor can 
 the woman, by any sensation of her own, be assured that 
 the presentation is unusual. Apprehensions of this kind 
 should not be indulged in. If the feet or breach present, 
 the delivery is to be accomplished by properly accommo- 
 dating the position of the child to the capacity of the 
 pelvis but no force should be employed; and though 
 there is always some risk to the life of the infant, yet 
 these is none to the mother. If the arm, shoulder, or 
 side of the child presents, the delivery is not impossible, 
 but difficult, until the infant be turned and the feet be 
 brought down into the passage. This is an operation 
 
TREATMENT AFTER DELIVERY. 471 
 
 which may be done with comparative ease and safety, if 
 the wrong position of the infant be discovered before the 
 waters are discharged; but otherwise both mother and 
 child are in considerable danger, though there is often a 
 spontaneous evolution, and delivery is effected. The 
 womb closely contracting around the body of the infant, 
 when the water is drained away and being soft and 
 spongy in its texture, it is liable to be torn if much force 
 be employed, and then either the child ma} T escape into 
 the cavity of the belly, or if it be extracted by the feet, 
 the blood may be effused from the womb into that cavity 
 and such injury be done as to prove fatal. Women too 
 frequently add to the danger of the operation of turning 
 by their restlessness and impatience : they should remem- 
 ber how much is at stake, and exert all their fortitude so 
 as not to embarrass the practitioner. The labor having 
 been thus accomplished, it will be necessary to guard 
 against any subsequent symptoms which may occur or 
 take place. In tedious and very difficult labors, and 
 where common physicians use the lancet, the hot bath 
 will be found of extraordinary benefit in facilitating la- 
 bor by its relaxing the system without debility, altogether 
 better than bleeding. First apply spirits, water, and salt 
 to the head, then let the woman continue in the bath 
 about fifteen minutes. 
 
 TREATMENT AFTER DELIVERY. 
 
 After-Pains. — Soon after delivery these usually come 
 on, and, with some women, prove remarkably severe. 
 The quicker the labor has been the slighter will they 
 prove in general. Women with their first child are sel- 
 dom much troubled with after-pains, but as the uterus is 
 
472 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 thought to contract less readily after each future labor, 
 so they are more liable to suffer from them in any suc- 
 ceeding delivery than in the first. 
 
 "When after-pains prove so troublesome as to deprive 
 the patient of her rest, it will be necessary to have re- 
 course to fomentations or anodynes : red pepper and 
 spirits, simmered together a few minutes, and flannels 
 dipped in it and applied to the belly, will generally re- 
 lieve them; if it fails, apply a fomentation of ^bitter 
 herbs, and give two teaspoonsful of tincture of hops in 
 milk or tea. If these fail, which is very seldom, (give a 
 teaspoonful of the tincture of kircuma, and a teaspoon- 
 ful of my All-Healing Liniment, in sweet milk well 
 sweetened) ; a few doses of this every few hours will ef- 
 fectually relieve the pains. These remedies are to be as- 
 sisted by keeping up a sufficient pressure on the belly at 
 the same time, by means of a broad bandage. 
 
 Costiveness. — Costiveness is apt to prevail after de- 
 livery, and should always be removed by a laxative 
 clyster or some gentle purgative, such as senna and 
 manna, or one ounce of castor oil. The Anti-Dyspep- 
 tic Pills are also excellent. 
 
 Flooding of the Lochia. — After delivery, there is a flow 
 of blood from the womb, and sometimes it is excessive. 
 When this is the case, apply vinegar, spirits and water 
 to the lower part of the bowels, and give some astrin- 
 gent, as a cold tea of fleabane, beth-root, etc. A little 
 salt and water is also very good, (a gill of hemp-seed, 
 pounded, and infused in a pint of boiling water, and 
 taken in doses of a gill, every fifteen minutes, is an ef- 
 fectual remedy to check the flooding. 
 
 Milk Fever. — From cold or other causes, the milk be- 
 comes obstructed, and the breasts are hard, swelled and 
 
TREATMENT AFTER DELIVERY. 473 
 
 painful, attended with fever, nausea, pain in the head 
 and back, with thirst.' 
 
 Treatment. — Apply the child to the breast as early as 
 possible, and if necessary, from any cause, let the milk 
 be drawn two or three times a day by some person. If 
 there is too much milk, use a spare diet, no animal food. 
 The breasts may be bathed with the bitter-sweet oint- 
 ment, or with soap liniment. Keep the bowels regular. 
 A little physic may be required. Should there be in- 
 flammation and tumors in the breast, treat them as laid 
 down under that head. 
 
 Milk or Swelled Leg — {Phlegmasia Dolens.) — A short 
 time after delivery, this disease sometimes appears. It 
 usually attacks one leg, and may extend to the other, and 
 the whole system may become affected. The limb ap- 
 pears firm, glossy, elastic, swollen and painful. The 
 attack is generally preceded by a chill, succeeded by 
 fever. The limb is stiff, heavy, and is irritable ; by mo- 
 tion, is tender ; the skin is not discolored, but has an 
 increase of heat. After a period of about two weeks, 
 these symptoms subside, leaving the limb stiff, benumb- 
 ed, heavy and weak, and is very liable to remain more 
 or less so for a great length of time. It may arise from 
 a suppression of the lochial discharge, or the milk, or 
 from cold. 
 
 Treatment. — Give occasionally a cathartic, and promote 
 moisture of the skin. Foment the limb in cloths im- 
 mersed in a strong decoction of hops, and repeat two or 
 three times a day. It may likewise be steamed over bit- 
 ter herbs, or a bandage applied and kept wet with the 
 decoction. If hot, applications aggravate it ; keep the 
 limb wet with stramonium leaves simmered in spirits, 
 and applied cool. If it proves obstinate, ley water may 
 
474 
 
 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 be used in the same manner, likewise salt and water, and 
 the whole limb may be anointed with bitter-sweet or 
 mullein ointment. 
 
 Falling or Projection of the Womb. — This happens to 
 lying-in women and others, either partially or wholly. 
 The womb descends into the vagina, and sometimes pro- 
 trudes entirely out, which causes much distress, pains 
 in the back, groin, leaning down, with great weakness 
 and nervous symptoms. It arises from various causes, 
 as over exertion, straining, lifting, or any violent exer- 
 cise. The ligaments which secure the womb to the 
 body become relaxed, which permits it to fall down. 
 
 Treatment. — A broad bandage should be worn over the 
 lower part of the bowels, and drawn moderately tight ; 
 a strengthening plaster applied to the back, the restora- 
 tive wine bitters used, the bowels kept regular, and the 
 surrounding parts bathed twice a day with salt and 
 water, (and what is still better, my All-Healing Liniment.) 
 A decoction of oak bark or witch hazel, to which may be 
 added a little alum, may be injected into the womb or va- 
 gina once or twice a day. 
 
 There are several kinds of abdominal supporters in- 
 vented to take off the weight and tension from the tomb, 
 which may prove very serviceable. These can easily be 
 made, or one may be purchased already made. "When 
 the womb protrudes it ought to be replaced by laying 
 the woman in a recumbent position, applying the fingers 
 and thumb to the lower part of the tumor, and then by 
 a gradual and gentle pressure, carried upwards into its 
 centre, and continued until the parts are returned to their 
 natural places. This being effected, a proper sized 
 sponge is to be introduced, and the woman kept in a re- 
 cumbent position for several hours. A sponge ought to 
 
TREATMENT AFTER DELIVERY. 475 
 
 be introduced as high up the vagina as can easily be 
 borne, and it must occasionally be removed and well 
 cleaned. As the parts recover their proper strength and 
 tone, one somewhat of a smaller size should be substi- 
 tuted. The same bandage may be worn as recommended 
 under the head of fistula. 
 
 Inflammation of the Womb. — This disease sometimes 
 takes place. For symptoms and treatment, I refer the 
 reader to it under its proper head. 
 
 Sore and Excoriated Nipples. — This complaint often 
 happens, and it is very distressing. Wash the parts 
 with a little borax water; also with a tincture of the 
 Balm of Grilead buds. The celandine and mullein oint- 
 ments are very good; after applying one or more of 
 them, cover the parts with slippery elm bark, mixed with 
 cream or milk. This course will in general cure. Should 
 it fail, anoint the nipples and excoriated parts with oil 
 of eggs. This cured one very bad case, when some of 
 the above applications failed. The oil is procured by 
 boiling the egg hard, and pressing it out between two 
 pewter plates. 
 
 Nursing. — A child must not be put to the breast if the 
 mother's health is very poor, or if she has any venereal, 
 scrofulous, consumptive taint or herptic disease, St. An- 
 thony's fire, etc. I have conversed with a female to-day, 
 who is subject to the last complaint, and she communi- 
 cated it to three of her children, which destroyed them 
 all. The poison is transmitted from the mother to the 
 child. In any of these cases, the infant must be reared 
 on the nursing bottle. Jemima Bowne, a very sensible 
 woman, states that in all cases it is best to use cream in- 
 stead of milk ; the child thrives well upon it ; less quan- 
 tity answers, and it does not curdle like milk upon the 
 
476 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 stomach. She has always reared her own children upon 
 cream. 
 
 Atrophy from Suckling. — Some women of a delicate 
 constitution cannot suckle long without an evident ap- 
 pearance of declining health, and if persisted in, it might 
 terminate in a general wasting of the body and loss of 
 strength, or some morbid affection of the lungs. When, 
 therefore, a woman finds her health declining, and that 
 she gets weaker every day, with loss of appetite and lan- 
 guor, she ought immediately to leave off suckling ; she 
 should use a generous diet with a moderate quantity of 
 wine bitters daily, and if convenient, change the air, 
 particularly if an inhabitant of a large and populous city 
 or town. If the change is not found sufficiently efficacious 
 of itself, when conjoined to a restorative diet, a course 
 of tonics should be given. Gentle exercise on horseback 
 or in a carriage will greatly assist the effects of these 
 medicines. Other diseases of women as well as children 
 not noticed here, are treated under their proper head. 
 
 DISEASES OF CHILDREN. 
 
 Still-JBorn Infants. — This occurs from difficult labors, 
 or the cord encircling the neck, or a membrane may 
 cover the head or the body. I once attended a woman 
 who was delivered of a child that had a singular ap- 
 pearance when it was born, and was at a loss for a few 
 seconds to account for it. I discovered that a thin mem- 
 brane covered nearly the whole body, and prevented the 
 child from breathing. I immediately removed it, brought 
 it home and laid it aside to keep. But from a supper- 
 stitious notion that the child would possess a second 
 sight, or see into futurity, some females I believe, know- 
 
DISEASES OP CHILDREN. 477 
 
 ing the circumstance, destroyed it. When anything of 
 this kind occurs, the membrane should be immediately 
 removed. If no signs of life appear, the infant may be 
 put into the warm bath, and the mouth and body wiped 
 dry. A little cold water may be dashed into the face, 
 the lungs inflated by some person, and a slight motion 
 made upon the chest in imitation of breathing. The 
 navel-string may be allowed to bleed a little. I attended a 
 woman whose child was still-born in consequence of 
 having been in labor for a long time, locked in the pas- 
 sage, with the face upward. The pains were terrible. 
 The head and face were bruised and swollen, and I sup- 
 posed it was dead, but after a time it gasped, and finally 
 recovered. 
 
 Retention of the Meconium. — The bowels of all infants 
 at the time of their birth, are filled with a blackish col- 
 ored and viscid matter of the consistence of syrup, 
 known by the name of meconium. The efforts of nature 
 are in general sufficient to dislodge and carry it off, if 
 assisted by the mother's milk, which is always at first 
 of a laxative quality ; therefore, infants should be ap- 
 plied to the breast as soon as they show an inclination 
 to suck. Should it be retained, or not sufficiently carried 
 off, a small teaspoonful of castor oil, or a little senna tea 
 may be given, particularly if the secretion of milk in 
 the mother's breast is rather tardy. 
 
 Acidity, Flatulency and Gripes. — From various causes, 
 the infant is sometimes afflicted with these complaints. 
 They arise generally from impure milk from the mother. 
 "When this is the case, the mother should take the neu- 
 tralizing mixture, and if it does not relieve, give some 
 to the infant. The bowels may likewise be bathed with 
 warm spirits of brandy, to which a little salt must be 
 
478 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 added. The mother should be careful about her diet, 
 and avoid taking cold, both of which affect the child. 
 Catnip and root teas are very good ; also the carminative 
 drops. 
 
 Soreness or Purging. — This is soon removed by giving 
 both the child and the mother a little of the neutralizing 
 mixture. 
 
 Teething or Dentition. — A great many children are tak- 
 en off from teething. It causes heat and pain in the 
 head, restlessness and fever, and the gums are swollen 
 and painful ; it often occasions fits. 
 
 Treatment. — In extremely bad cases the gums may be 
 scarified. A little physic may be administered every 
 other day; the feet often bathed; also the head with 
 spirits ; the warm bath is excellent. If the child cannot 
 sleep, give a few of the diaphoretic powders. " A crust 
 of bread," says a writer, " is the best gum-stick." The 
 strengthening plaster may be placed between the shoul- 
 ders. 
 
 Galling and Excoriation. — Young children are very 
 apt to become excoriated in particular parts of the body, 
 especially about the groins, wrinkles of the neck, behind 
 the ears, and under the arms ; such places being kept 
 much moistened by urine or sweat. 
 
 These complaints prove very troublesome to children, 
 and are in some measure owing to a want of cleanliness 
 in the mother or nurse. To prevent and likewise to re- 
 move them when they do occur, it will be necessary to 
 wash the parts well with cold water once or twice a day, 
 to change the clothes often, and keep the child perfectly 
 clean. After the child is washed and dried, the parts 
 may be sprinkled with fine elm bark or pulverized starch. 
 "When the excoriation of galling is considerable, the parts 
 
DISEASES OF CHILDREN. 479 
 
 after having been washed with cold water, may be 
 anointed with celandine, or mullein ointment. 
 
 Aphthoe, Thrush, or Canker. — Infants and children are 
 often affected with little sore spots or eruptions about 
 the mouth. The disease usually extends from the stom- 
 ach to the end of the bowels, giving rise to many painful 
 and unpleasant symptoms. This complaint arises from 
 a morbid state of the stomach, and must be treated by 
 giving a gentle neutralizing physic, such as the medicine 
 mentioned above. The mouth may be washed often 
 with a decoction of sage, gold thread, and hysop, or, in- 
 stead of golden thread add blue cohosh, sweetened with 
 honey ; a little fine borax may be added. Says a physi- 
 cian : " Among the vegetable productions of our country, 
 perhaps none excel the wake robin, or wild turnip, finely 
 pulverized, and rubbed into a paste with a little honey, 
 which should be placed in small quantities on the infants 
 tongue, and often repeated, to have it spread through the 
 mouth." 
 
 Convulsions. — When fits or convulsions arise from 
 teething or any other cause, the feet must be immediate- 
 ly bathed in warm ley water, and an anodyne be admin- 
 istered, such as the syrup of poppy, or paregoric. Garlic 
 should be bruised and applied to the stomach, and if 
 there is heat of the head, spirits, rain-water, and vinegar, 
 may be applied. These means must be repeated as often 
 as fits occur. In obstinate cases it may be necessary to 
 use a warm bath. 
 
 Soreness or Excoriation of the Navel String or Umbilical 
 Cord. — About the time the umbilical cord separates, there 
 is sometimes soreness and inflammation ; for such symp- 
 toms, sprinkle with a powder of slippery elm bark, and 
 apply the brown ointment, (or my All-Healing and 
 Strengthening Plaster.) 
 
480 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Rupture — {Hernia.) — Sometimes from crying, and oth- 
 er causes, infants are afflicted with ruptures; when this 
 happens the earliest attention is required. The infant 
 or child should be placed in a recumbent position, or on 
 its back, then press the tumor or protruded part back; make 
 a compress of linen, which has been previously wet in a 
 decoction of oak bark, applying it over the rupture, and 
 secure it by a bandage. If this fails to keep it in its 
 proper situation, apply a truss. 
 
 Tongue-Tied, or Division of the Fraznum Linguoe. — Some- 
 times the froenum of the tongue is so contracted that the 
 child cannot nurse or suck. When this occurs, and only 
 then, there must be a very slight incision made with a 
 pair of scissors or lancet. The cut must be very small 
 and superficial, least a blood vessel be wounded. If the 
 child can suck, this practice must never be resorted to. 
 In almost every case this is an imaginary complaint, and 
 when a parent, or parents, insists upon it being done, 
 from a mistaken notion, the back of the lancet may be 
 used, and this will satisfy them. 
 
 Inperforated Vagina. — Sometimes a thin membrane 
 forms across the mouth of the vagina, which partially or 
 wholly closes it. This is very easily divided by a lancet 
 or a pair of scissors. There are very few such cases. 
 
 Club, Crooked, or Deformed Feet. — When children are 
 born with this deformity, an intelligent person informs 
 me that a certain practitioner is always in the habit of 
 immediately turning them at birth into a right position, 
 and securing them with props, splints, and bandages. 
 " This," he says, " always obviates deformity." 
 
 Choking. — Infants often become choked by getting 
 various substances into their mouths and throats. When 
 this accident occurs, let the child be placed upon the lap 
 
MANAGEMENT OP CHILDREN. 481 
 
 of the mother or nurse with its head turned downward, 
 while it is gently struck a few times on the back be- 
 tween the shoulders. If this does not immediately re- 
 move it, let the fore-finger be introduced, and extract it ; 
 should this fail, give a mild emetic. Fish bones may be 
 removed by the white of an egg, raw. 
 
 MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 
 
 It is during infancy that the foundation of a good con- 
 stitution is generally laid, and it is therefore important 
 that parents be taught the best method of managing their 
 offspring in order to preserve their health. Great igno- 
 rance is manifest on this subject. It is owing to this 
 that so many children sicken and die ; and farthermore, 
 it is in consequence of this ignorance in our forefathers 
 that the present generation have become so weak, sickly, 
 and effeminate, and most of these evils may be imputed 
 to errors in diet, regimen, mineral and depletive agents, 
 etc. We have departed from the simplicity of nature, 
 and we must suffer, of course, the penalty. 
 
 1st. On Diet.— If the mother or nurse has enough milk, 
 the child will need little or no food for the third or fourth 
 month. It will then be proper to give it a little of some 
 food that is easy of digestion, once or twice a day ; this 
 will accustom the child by degrees to take food, and will 
 render the weaning both less difficult and less dangerous. 
 All great and sudden transitions are to be avoided in 
 weaning; for this purpose the food of children ought 
 not only to be simple, but to resemble as nearly as possi- 
 ble, the properties of milk; indeed, milk itself should 
 make a principal part of their food, not only before they ' 
 are weaned, but for some time after. Next to milk we 
 31 
 
482 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 would recommend good bread, which may be given to a 
 child as soon as it shows an inclination to chew, and it 
 may at all times be allowed as much as it will eat. The 
 very chewing of bread will promote the cutting of the 
 teeth and the discharge of saliva, while by mixing with 
 the nurse's milk in th estomach, it will afford an excellent 
 nourishment. 
 
 Many are in the habit of pouring down various liquids 
 and mixtures made of rich substances, and so much 
 sweetened that the tender organs of digestion are im- 
 paired, and acidity and bowel diseases follow. Articles 
 of this nature should be avoided; no food except the 
 milk of the mother should be given unless absolutely 
 necessary ; nature has designed this liquid exclusively 
 for the nourishment of the infant, and, indeed, we may 
 say for children. 
 
 There is another precaution to be observed, which is 
 " never to put an infant to a wet nurse if it can possibly 
 be avoided;" such persons are generally strangers, and 
 they often communicate the most loathsome and fatal 
 diseases ; besides their milk is often rendered unwhole- 
 some by age or other causes ; this is a very unnatural 
 practice. 
 
 The milk of the mother, then, should constitute the 
 only food of the infant, except in cases of disease, when 
 it becomes necessary to obtain a wet nurse, or bring up 
 the child on the bottle, which can be done very easily, 
 
 It is no uncertain or new doctrine, that the quality of 
 the mother's milk is affected by her own health and con- 
 duct, and that in its turn it directly affects the health of 
 the nursling. Even medicines given to the parent, acts 
 upon the child through the medium of the milk ; and a 
 sudden fit of anger or other violent mental emotion has 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 483 
 
 not unfrequently been observed to change the quality of 
 the fluid so much so as to produce purging and gripes in 
 the child. Care and anxiety, in like manner, exert a 
 most pernicious influence, and not only diminish the 
 quantity, but vitiate the quality of the milk. 
 
 It is a common mistake to suppose that because a 
 woman is nursing, she ought, therefore, to live very 
 fully, and to add an allowance of wine, porter or other 
 fermented liquors to her usual diet. The only result of 
 this plan is to cause an unnatural degree of fullness in 
 the system, which places the nurse on the brink of dis- 
 ease, and which of itself frequently puts a stop to, instead 
 of increasing, the secretion of the milk. The health and 
 usefulness of country nurses are often utterly ruined by 
 their transplantation into the families of rich and luxu- 
 rious employers. Accustomed at home to constant bodily 
 exertion, exposure to the air, and a moderate supply of 
 the plainest food, they live in the enjoyment of the best 
 health and constitute excellent nurses. But the moment 
 they are translated from their proper sphere, their 
 habits and mode of life undergo an unfavorable change. 
 Having no longer any laborious duties to perform, or 
 any daily exposure to encounter, they become plethoric 
 and indolent, and as they are at the same time too well 
 fed, the digestive functions become impaired, the system 
 speedily participates in the disorder, and the milk, which 
 was at first bland, nourishing and plentiful, now becomes 
 heating and insufficient; and sometimes even stops 
 altogether. 
 
 Cocoa Shells made precisely like coffee, make a very 
 pleasant nutritious drink for nursing females. 
 
 Weaning. — "Diet for infants after weaning, may be 
 pure milk, two parts ; water, one part ; slightly sweet- 
 
484 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ened." "This," says Combe, "makes the nearest ap- 
 proach to the nature of the mother's milk, and therefore 
 is more suitable than any preparation of milk and flour, 
 or any other that can be given." A child, as a general 
 rule, one year old, ought to be gradually weaned, and 
 the appearance of the teeth shows the propriety of giving 
 food a little more substantial than milk. Bread a day 
 old, mixed with milk and sweetened, may be given in 
 connection with nursing gruel, arrow-root, plain bread, 
 Indian and rice puddings, as they grow older, and sub- 
 sequently bread and butter, thickened milk, hasty pud- 
 ding, or Indian potatoes and vegetables. !Not a particle 
 of flesh should ever be given. By the use of meat, the 
 system becomes excited, and diseases by invitation are 
 apt to be produced, which impede nutrition, and lead ul- 
 timately to the production of scrofula and other organic 
 changes in the glands and bowels, and not unfrequently 
 also in the brain and lungs. In these instances, the 
 child generally eats heartily, but, nevertheless, continues 
 thin, and is subject to frequent flushing and irregularity 
 of the bowels, headache and restlessness. His mind 
 partakes of the general irritability of the system, and 
 peevish impatience takes the place of the placid good 
 humor natural to healthy children. In this state, the 
 ordinary diseases of infancy — measles, scarlet fever, and 
 whooping-cough — are often attended with an unusual 
 and dangerous degree of constitutional disturbance ; and 
 when inflammation takes place it is borne with difficulty, 
 and the system does not easily rally ; or the digestive or- 
 gans become irritated, and the various secretions imme- 
 diately connected with digestion are diminished, especially 
 the biliary secretion. Constipation of the bowels soon 
 follows; congestion of the heptid and abdominal veins 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 485 
 
 succeeds, and is followed by the train of consequences 
 which have already been detailed. In reality, the wonder 
 conies to be, not that so many children die, but that so 
 many survive their early mismanagement. A morbid 
 condition of the system arises, extremely favorable to 
 the production of scrofulous, consumptive, dyspeptic, 
 and other diseases, under which, perhaps, the infant 
 sinks ; and yet, strange to state, parents will stuff their 
 children with flesh and grease two or three times a day. 
 
 " When we reflect that the object of digestion is to 
 furnish materials for the growth of the body and to sup- 
 ply the waste which the system is constantly undergoing, 
 it must appear self-evident, that if the digestive powers 
 be impaired by disease, by improper quantity or quality 
 of food, or by any other cause, the result must necessa- 
 rily be the formation of an imperfect chyle, and, conse- 
 quently, of imperfect blood. The elements of the blood 
 are derived from the chyle, and if it be vitiated the 
 blood also must suffer ; if the blood be diseased, so must 
 necessarily be all the organs which it supplies ; and if 
 the body be thus debilitated, can any wonder be felt that 
 it should no longer be able to resist the action of offend- 
 ing cases which full health alone can withstand ? " 
 
 Clothing. — Infants and children are often injured by 
 improper clothing. It is customary for some nurses to 
 wrap them in such a quantity as to injure their health ; 
 moderation, in this respect, should be observed, due re- 
 gard being paid to that which is sufficient to render them 
 comfortable. Infants, when first born, have clothing 
 enough almost to smother them. 
 
 Medicine. — Another very reprehensible custom is to 
 pour down some nauseous drug, such as paregoric, 
 Godfrey's cordial, or some other article, every time the 
 
486 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 child begins to cry or is fretful, by which it becomes 
 habituated to the use of opium, and making it necessary 
 to increase the dose in order to produce the same effect. 
 Another injurious practice is to give frequently warm 
 lozengers (the basis of which is calomel or mercury) 
 upon an attack of illness, under the impression that the 
 disorder is occasioned by worms. By this imprudent 
 course both the health and life of the child are endangered. 
 Therefore, those who wish to bring up their children in 
 a healthy condition, must avoid these evils, and be con- 
 tent to follow the simple path of nature and common 
 sense. 
 
 Few things tend more to the destruction of children 
 than drenching them with drugs. Medicine may some 
 times be necessary for children, but that it injures them 
 ten times for once it does them good, I will venture to 
 assert. A nurse, or mother, the moment her child seems 
 to be unwell, runs immediately for the doctor or to the 
 apothecary, who thro ws in his powders, pills and potions, 
 till the poor infant is poisoned, when the child might 
 have been restored to perfect health by a change of diet, 
 air, exercise, clothing, or some very easy and simple 
 means. 
 
 Care must be taken to keep the bowels regular, which 
 may be effected, in most cases, by the milk of the mother 
 alone. Most of the complaints in children are from 
 flatulence or wind ; to remove which give common cat- 
 nip or fennel seed tea; let them drink it freely, and let 
 the mother regulate her diet. 
 
 When children complain of pain in the stomach and 
 bowels, it may be necessary to give a moderate dose of 
 vegetable physic ; senna and manna is very good. After 
 the operation of physic, let the diet be attended to. 
 
MANAGEMENT OF CHILDREN. 487 
 
 Green fruit must be avoided, and whatever is hard of 
 digestion. The feet should he often bathed in warm 
 water, the bowels must be fomented with bitter herbs, 
 and it is also necessary to give the child sufficient exer- 
 cise in the open air. 
 
 Bathing or washing the child every evening should 
 never be neglected, as it contributes much to health. 
 Many complaints of the skin and system are caused by 
 the neglect of this practice. Filth collects on the sur- 
 face, obstructs perspiration, which retains morbid humors, 
 and which are thrown upon some of the internal organs, 
 and create irritation. Is it not owing to this that infants 
 cry and fret so much? Daily bathe with tepid water; 
 this is also good for galling, chafing, excoriations, etc. 
 
 Pure Air and Exercise, — This is very necessary; im- 
 pure and confined air, with the want of exercise, causes 
 disease ; and hence children in cities are more pale, fee- 
 ble and sickly than those who live in the country, and 
 breathe pure air and play in the dirt. Confining chil- 
 dren at home, in low, confined, dirty houses, cellars, and 
 in school-rooms, is pernicious ; also crowding too many 
 in sleeping-rooms. When children are confined in small 
 apartments, the air becomes not only unwholesome, but 
 the heat relaxes their solids, renders them delicate, and 
 disposes them to colds and many other diseases. Nor is 
 the custom of wrapping them too close in cradles less 
 pernicious. One would think that nurses were afraid 
 lest children should suffer by breathing fresh air, as 
 many of them actually cover the child's face while asleep, 
 and others wrap a covering over the whole cradle, by 
 which means the child is forced to breath the same air 
 over and over all the time it sleeps. 
 
 Children, therefore, must have as much exercise and 
 
488 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 air as possible, and should be employed in something 
 useful and interesting. 
 
 Again : " The premature exertion of intellect, to which 
 the mind is stimulated at our schools by the constant ex- 
 citement of emulation and vanity, far from strengthen- 
 ing, tends to impair the health and tone of the brain, 
 and of all the organs depending on it ; and hence we 
 rarely perceive the genius of the school manifesting, in 
 future years, any of the superiority which attracted 
 attention in early life." 
 
 I place before my readers the following communi- 
 cation. The letter was presented to Dr. W. Beach 
 from a worthy member of the Society of Friends, a wo- 
 man of excellent judgment and experience, and who has 
 raised several children : 
 
 "Westchester, 6 Mo. 23d, 1842. 
 Esteemed Friend: Agreeable to thy request, I send the 
 information respecting the treatment of rearing infants, 
 the use of cream, etc. I begin when they are twenty- 
 fours hours old to give them pure cream without sugar ; 
 others may add this if they choose ; I never use it. Thee 
 asks how often I give it. I never had any particular 
 period for giving it, but should judge as often as five or 
 six times a day. Thee also wishes to know what I give 
 in case of pain, gripes, fretfulness, etc. I very often 
 give the articles catnip, lavois seed, oil of annis, etc., but 
 have often found great benefit from soot tea ; take it 
 from the chimney where wood fire alone has been used. 
 In answer to thy next, on bathing, I wash the infant en- 
 tirely over with cold water ; but when quite young, put 
 a little brandy in the water ; and lastly, as regards food 
 while weaning, I frequently give arrow-root, with a little 
 manna, as there is often need of a little gentle medicines. 
 
INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB. 489 
 
 I would also inform thee that after taking the cream for 
 a week or two, there has, on all my children, appeared 
 an eruption on the skin, which may, perhaps, cause the 
 nurse to be alarmed, but it will wear off in a few days. 
 I was always particular to give them the cream from one 
 cow's milk. 
 
 I believe I have now answered all thy questions, and 
 if they will be of any use, I shall be paid for my trouble. 
 
 Thy Friend, S. H. B. 
 
 P. S. In cold weather, warm the cream, but be care- 
 ful not to let it boil. 
 
 All diseases of women and children not noticed in the 
 preceding chapters, will be found under their appropri- 
 ate heads ; such as rickets, worms, dropsy in the head, 
 coughs, etc. 
 
 INFLAMMATION OF THE WOMB. 
 
 This disease is characterized by fever, heat, tension, tu- 
 mor, pain in the region of the womb, vomiting. 
 
 Causes. — Besides the common causes productive of in- 
 flammation, this disease sometimes takes place after de- 
 livery, particularly where the labor has been long 
 protracted, instruments have been used, or the lochial 
 discharge, which ought to have taken place, has been 
 suddenly stopped by an exposure to cold. 
 
 Symptoms. — It is accompanied by pains in the lower 
 region of the belly, which are greatly aggravated upon 
 pressure with the hand, as also by tension or tightness 
 of the surrounding parts, considerable depression of 
 strength, a change of countenance, increased heat of the 
 whole body, great thirst, nausea and vomiting. The 
 pulse is weak, but hard and frequent ; the bowels con- 
 
GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 fined, the urine high-coiored and scanty, the secretion of 
 milk somewhat interrupted, and the lochial discharge 
 much diminished, if not wholly suppressed. 
 
 Treatment. — Perspiration ought to be promoted as soon 
 as possible. An infusion of catnip should be drank freely 
 with a teasponful of the diaphoretic powders or 'sudorific 
 drops. The abdomen should be freely fomented, as in 
 other inflammatory diseases; and, if necessary, apply 
 mustard. 
 
 When there is great irritation, an anodyne may bead- 
 ministered ; ten grains of the Diaphoretic Powders. 
 
 A cathartic may occasionally be given. 
 
 For inflammation of the womb, I have used the fol- 
 lowing with excellent effect : 
 
 Take the spirits of spearmint, made by bruising the 
 green mint and adding best of Holland gin ; add as 
 much spirits of nitre ; give freely. This has cured sev- 
 eral cases. 
 
 The dry mint may be added to the gin, and a tincture 
 thus made. 
 
 The above mode of treatment, by Dr. Beach, meets 
 my approbation, in a general point, and is no do^ubt as 
 correct an one, for many cases, as can be pursued. But 
 there are cases where cold applications will be found as 
 efficient, particularly if followed up by a free use of my 
 All-Healing Liniment. 
 
 falling of the womb. — {Prolapsus Uteri.) 
 
 This frequently occurs to lying-in females and others, 
 either wholly or partially. The womb descends into the 
 vagina, and not unfrequently protrudes entirely out, 
 which is the occasion of much distress, pains, and nerv- 
 
GENERAL DEBILITY. 491 
 
 pus symptoms ; pains in the back and groins ; bearing 
 down, with great weakness. It arises from various causes, 
 as over-exertion, straining, lifting, or any violent exercise. 
 The ligaments that secure the womb are relaxed, which 
 permits it to fall down. 
 
 Treatment — Boil two handsful of red rose leavs in half 
 a pint of port wine ; dip a cloth in it and apply it as hot 
 as it can be borne. Do this till all is used. 
 
 Another. — Take witch hazle and raspberry leaves, of 
 each an equal part, and make a teacupful of strong tea, 
 then put in one-fourth of a spoonful of pulverized lobe- 
 lia, and as much cayenne pepper as will lie on the point 
 of a knife ; stir it, and then let it stand a few minutes ; 
 then strain and divide it into two parts ; then with a fe- 
 male syringe inject one half into the vagina, and in ten 
 or fifteen minutes the other half. These directions, at- 
 tended to several times a day, are sure to effect a cure. 
 The patient at the same time should take a teaspoonfu\ 
 of the vegetable heating powders, in a teacupful of boil- 
 ing water. A heated stone, wrapped in damp cloths, 
 should be kept constantly to the feet. 
 
 GENERAL DEBILITY. 
 
 Persons of both sexes, and even children, are often 
 afflicted with this distressing disease, but females are 
 more subject to it than others. I have thought it was 
 upon the account of their habits, being too much housed 
 up without sufficient exercise in open air, for we find it 
 more in towns and cities than in the country ; for girls 
 raised in the country, and used to domestic labor, such 
 as house work, spinning, working out doors, that have 
 always been used to fresh and open air, with proper care, 
 
492 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 seldom are troubled with debility, but, on the contrary, 
 are robust, rugged, and healthy, cheerful as the birds of 
 the forest, and their musical voices as clear and harmo- 
 nious. The same might be said of the young men that 
 are raised on a farm, that, having always been used to 
 rise with the morning, and embrace the morning air, and 
 cheerfully follow the plow, they are seldom troubled with 
 debility, but right to the reverse, vigorous and cheerful. 
 Cannot we from these facts learn a lesson what nature 
 demands, and what the result is when we transgress her 
 laws ? But there are other causes that bring on debility ; 
 abuse and imprudence in many ways, and here we find 
 the females often guilty of this transgression. How 
 often do they neglect prudence when their situation de- 
 mand particular care ? Reader, if you are a female, con- 
 sider your physical organization, and remember that you, 
 by imprudence or improper care at certain periods, can 
 destroy your health and happiness for life ; and if you 
 neglect your duty and destroy your health, you will re- 
 gret it when it is too late. Remember your health is 
 your all. When the law of nature is discharging her 
 duty, do not abuse that law; keep out of the wet; keep 
 your feet dry ; don't go into damp'cellars or spring-houses, 
 nor wrinse clothes when washing in cold water, nor even 
 heat yourself and then expose yourself at any time to a 
 current of air; never sit, when very warm, before a 
 hoisted window, or between two doors, or in any draft 
 of air. Persons are many times afflicted with universal 
 languor, debility or great weakness, and not are able 
 to trace it to any particular cause. They complain of a 
 sense of sinking, particularly after a little exercise or 
 fatigue. Most commonly the appetite is not much im- 
 paired ; it is generally good, and very seldom much pain, 
 
GENERAL DEBILITY. 493 
 
 nor is there any particular organ seemingly deranged, 
 except the mind, which frequently becomes weakened as 
 the system declines ; the patient becomes melancholy and 
 dejected, appears to take no comfort or satisfaction of 
 life, and indeed they have but little comfort, for they be- 
 come discouraged, disheartened, and come to the conclu- 
 sion there is no hope for them. I have attended a 
 number of those cases, and found them not difficult to 
 cure where they paid a strict attention to the prescription. 
 
 Treatment. — A strict attention must be paid to the 
 stomach, bowels, and the skin. The stomach must first 
 be cleansed, the bowels regulated, the pores of the skin 
 kept open, the skin clear and moist. This can be done 
 by first giving the vegetable emetic 'No. 2. After it has 
 operated some six or eight hours, give a portion of anti- 
 bilious pills, according to direction under their head ; 
 after they have done operating, take the tonic wine tinc- 
 ture three times a day, and use the pills to keep the bowels 
 regular. After using this medicine a week or two, take 
 twice a day the purifying sarsaparilla syrup, in the morn- 
 ing and just before going to bed, and the tonic wine bitters 
 or tincture before meals. If these rules are strictly at- 
 tended to, you may depend on a cure. 
 
 There is another species of debility of females, brought 
 on from a disorganization of their turns, which is very 
 distressing, and renders the patient miserable through 
 life. This has destroyed thousands, and we can scarcely 
 enter a house but we find some inmates afflicted from one 
 or the other of these complaints. "Why is it so ? We 
 have certainly departed from the laws of nature. Our 
 shoes are too thin. Our feet, as soon as we step out, are 
 damp and cold. Our clothes are not adapted to our 
 climate; pride and fashion has ruined our constitution, 
 
494 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 and the loss of our health is the penalty, and from these 
 transgressions our land is flooded with consumption, 
 either directly or indirectly, brought on by these trans- 
 gressions. I have treated a number of these cases, and find 
 some of them very hard to cure, while others yield read- 
 ily to treatment. If able, take daily exercise in the open 
 air, when the weather is good; use a vegetable diet; 
 keep your bowels and stomach regular, by taking one or 
 two Anti-Bilious Pills night and morning ; and use the 
 purifying sarsaparilla syrup twice a day, and the tonic 
 wine tincture before each meal ; add half an ounce of the 
 hydrodate of potash to a quart of the sarsaparilla syrup ; 
 dress warm; lie warm at night; avoid damp and un- 
 wholesome air; keep your skin clean and moist, — the 
 latter can be done by using the sweating powders. 
 
 If you appraise your health as you ought, you will not 
 regret the little trouble this will take. If women would 
 take the proper care of themselves, at particular times, 
 they would avoid much unnecessary suffering, and pro- 
 long their lives and enhance their enjoyment through 
 life ; for what is life without health ? And one person 
 can have as good health as another, if they will take 
 proper care of themselves ; provided they are born of 
 healthy parents. This latter subject is treated in another 
 place, under its proper head. 
 
EECIPES. 
 
 In laying before my readers this department of this 
 work, I will state that I will first give my ! own recipes, 
 and those which I have used in my practice, and know 
 to be good. I will then give a number for different dis- 
 eases, etc., which have accumulated upon my hands — 
 some from Weir and some from Beach. Those taken 
 from Dr. Beach will be duly accredited to him. 
 
 MY ALL-HEALING AND STRENGTHENING PLASTER. 
 
 Take of flaxseed oil 1 pint 
 
 Sweet oil 1 oz. 
 
 Spirits Turpentine 2 " 
 
 Dissolve the gum of pine in alcohol and take of the 
 compound 1 « 
 
 Boil the whole on coals for four hours; have it hot 
 enough so as to crimp a feather; set it off the. fire and 
 stir in red lead, four ounces ; sugar lead, one-half ounce . 
 borax, one-half ounce; camphor gum, one-half ounce. 
 Have these, previous to adding them, all finely pulver- 
 ized and well mixed together. To prevent it from foam- 
 ing over, it is necessary to gradually add the last named 
 ingredients. Should not the red lead be thoroughly in- 
 corporated, set the vessel on the fire and stir it briskly 
 until that object is obtained. The consistency of the 
 plaster depends entirely upon the heat attained for the 
 oils, and consequently the heat must be great enough to 
 make the plaster of a sufficiently stiff* consistency, so as 
 
496 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 it will stick itself to the surface where applied without 
 any artificial aid. In the summer time it should be made 
 stiffer than in the winter season. When it is not stiff 
 enough to stick of its own accord, its virtue is materially 
 lessened. Always, to have its full virtues, therefore 
 make it stiff enough for the above named purpose. I 
 have used this plaster for near thirty years, and find it 
 superior to all other plasters for all kinds of bruises, sprains, 
 old and fresh sores, sore breasts, tooth-ache, jaw-ache, 
 generally called ague in the face, cuts, pains, rheuma- 
 tisms, scalds and burns, bone felon, pain in the back and 
 side, white-swelling, etc., etc., and as a streDgthening 
 plaster it cannot be surpassed. 
 
 To prepare this plaster for use, it should be spread on 
 soft leather for a strengthening plaster ; for large sores, 
 also leather should be used ; for small sores, paper will 
 answer. Too much reliance cannot be placed in the 
 virtues of this valuable and unsurpassable healing plaster. 
 
 king's evil poultice, no. 5. 
 
 Take bayberry bark, pulverized, king's evil root, 
 called Indian paint, pulverized, little mallows, mashed ; 
 boil them in soft soap till very soft ; if the soap is thick, 
 add soft water to thin it ; then add oat meal to thicken 
 a little, but use it soft ; this is to be used to bring it to a 
 head, or clean it when it is open, do not use it very 
 warm ; about blood heat ; but have it large. 
 
 Take hydrodate of potash, 1 ounce. 
 
 The great healing salve 4 " 
 
 First, wash with M. Creary's wash, then apply the 
 
recipes. 497 
 
 mixture. Second, take common spunge, burn it to 
 ashes, mix with the healing salve ; apply two or three 
 times a day. Third, wash with my All-Healing Lini- 
 ment, and then apply the second mixture. 
 
 WHITE SWELLING WASH, NO. 6. 
 
 Take little mallows tops, inside bark of black-oak, 
 yellow dock roots, equal parts ; boil to make a strong 
 decoction, then add half an ounce of copperas, half an 
 ounce of borax, and a teacupful of soft soap ; with this 
 wash, wash the sore perfectly clean, and then bathe it 
 with my All-Healing Liniment, then apply the healing 
 and strengthening plaster ; the plaster should be thick 
 enough to act as a poultice. This will be found an ex- 
 cellent wash for any foul ulcer that is open, or old sore. 
 
 CANCER POULTICE. 
 
 Little mallows tops, mashed fine, skunk cabbage 
 roots, and big stocks that grow in the ground, mashed 
 fine, yellow dock root, mashed, carrot root, cut fine ; add 
 cider vinegar and soft soap; boil till it is all very soft; 
 thicken with pulverized skunk cabbage, and apply as 
 warm as can be borne ; have it large, and renew it often. 
 The sore should be first washed thoroughly with the 
 cancer wash, then well bathed with my All-Healing 
 Liniment, and the poultice applied as directed. This 
 poultice I use for all painful swellings and ulcers. 
 
 WHITE SWELLING POULTICE, NO. 4. 
 
 Take little mallows herb, mashed fine ; be careful to 
 save the juice; carrot root sliced, and the bark of the 
 root rose noble, (carpenters' square,) bruised ; boil in 
 32 
 
498 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 weak ley till very soft ; then add rye meal without bolt- 
 ing, to form a poultice. This poultice is ahead of any 
 other poultice for white swelling. There is nothing that, 
 can fill the place of the mallows, neither is there any 
 thing that will fill the place of the carrot, as well as it 
 will itself. The bark of the sumach root will answer in- 
 stead of rose noble. It should be renewed every six 
 hours, and made large, so as to be kept moist; a little 
 dry plaster does more harm than good. Be sure each 
 time, before applying the poultice, to bathe the affected 
 part with my All-Healing Liniment. 
 
 king's evil wash. 
 
 Take bayberry bark and king's evil root, equal quan- 
 tities, boil them in vinegar ; make a strong decoction, 
 and add half an ounce of borax to a pint of the decoc- 
 tion. 
 
 EXPRESSED JUICE OF CELANDINE. 
 
 Celandine, in addition to what is stated, I have found 
 to possess great medical virtues ; it enters into the eye 
 balsam, and scrofula wash ; it cannot be used amiss in 
 any eruption of the skin. A tincture is easily made and 
 very handy. I call it the Expressed Juice of Celandine. 
 Take any quantity, wash it, and cover it well with good 
 spirits; let it stand a week; press out all you can, and 
 bottle for use. It is excellent, and should always be 
 kept on hand for use. 
 
 WASH FOR TETTER IN ITS VARIOUS FORMS. 
 
 Take Blood root, 1 part. 
 
 Bayberry bark, 1 " 
 
 Elder bark, 1 " 
 
 Yellow dock 2 " 
 
 Celandine 4 " 
 
RECIPES. 499 
 
 If dry, pulverize them fine ; if green, mash, them so as 
 to get out the strength; put it in ajar, so that it can be 
 covered ; a narrow jar is much the best. Cover the in- 
 gredients with good strong cider vinegar ; put it in a 
 warm place for one week ; keep the vinegar over the 
 pulp all the time. I lay a light weight on it to keep the 
 vinegar over it. After it has stood a week, press out all 
 you can get, and to every quart of this wash, add half 
 an ounce of copperas, half an ounce of borax, and half 
 an ounce of hydrodate of potash ; when all is dissolved, 
 strain, and bottle for use. I use this wash for all kinds 
 of tetter affection, salt rheum, and other breaking out ; 
 itch, and many old sores. It is not fit to be applied to 
 fresh cuts or wounds. 
 
 CANCER WASH, NO. 2. 
 
 Take Leaves of Stramonium 1 ounce. 
 
 Bark of the Boot of Yellow Dock 1 " 
 
 The hig stalk that grows in the ground of Skunk 
 
 Cabbage 2 " 
 
 Good Vinegar 1 pint. 
 
 Alcohol 1 " 
 
 Salt (common) 2 spoonfuls. 
 
 Stew on coals for a few hours ; press out all you can, and 
 reduce it to one-half pint; add one gill of my Compound 
 Tincture of Myrrh, and two tablespoonfuls of honey; 
 while warm shake well and bottle for use. The cancer 
 should be washed perfectly clean, twice a day, with castile 
 soap, then with the wash ; after it is dry, bathe it well 
 with my All-Healing Liniment ; then, with a feather, 
 anoint it with the Armenian Oil. This wash can be 
 used for all open cancers. 
 
500 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 SCROFULOUS CANCER. 
 
 Take Bitter Sweet Berries 2 ounces. 
 
 Yellow Dock, (bark of roots) 2 " 
 
 Stramonium leaves 2 " 
 
 Polk leaves 2 " 
 
 Kircuma Koot, bruised 2 " 
 
 Wash all and cover with the Armenian Oil ; simmer for 
 two or three honrs on coals ; press out all you can while 
 warm. To a pint of this oil add half an ounce of hydro - 
 date of potash, and apply it to the sore. 
 
 CANCER WASH, NO. 3. 
 
 Take little mallows tops, black-oak bark, called yellow- 
 oak, the rough bark, skunk cabbage root, and the big 
 stalk that grows in the ground, celandine, and yellow 
 dock root, equal parts, in weight. Mash them as fine as 
 convenient ; cover with good cider vinegar in a jar so 
 you can cover it sufficiently ; set it where it will keep 
 quite warm ; let it stand a week ; be sure to keep it 
 covered with the cider; then press out all you can, and 
 to a quart of the wash, add half an ounce of borax, half 
 an ounce of sal ammoniac, and soft soap enough to 
 make a strong suds. This wash I use in all cancers in 
 an open state, and all open ulcers, and many sores. This 
 is one of the best washes to cleanse foul sores and bring 
 a healthy action I have ever tried, and I have tried many. 
 I always use my All-Healing Liniment after the wash. 
 
 kino's evil, when open. 
 
 Take bayberry bark, king's evil root, and little mal- 
 lows, equal parts, boil them in a middling strong ley till 
 
RECIPES. 501 
 
 it is very strong, from the roots and herb, say a half a 
 pound of each to three pints of ley ; boil to one quart ; 
 the ley should not be too strong at first, as it gets 
 stronger by boiling; add half an ounce of borax; take a 
 clean rag or sponge, and with this wash, wash the sore 
 effectually clean to the bottom. Sometimes it is neces- 
 sary to use a swab, after it is well cleansed with the 
 wash. Bathe it effectually with my All-Healing Lini- 
 ment, and apply the Healing and Strengthening Plaster, 
 well covered, with equal parts pulverized bayberry 
 bark and king's evil root, or you can sprinkle the sore 
 well with the root and bark, and apply the plaster. The 
 plaster should be large and thick enough to keep the 
 sore moist. This application will never fail performing 
 a cure, if the purifying syrup is used from the beginning 
 to the end. Drink a strong decoction of burdock leaves 
 or roots, sufficient to keep the bowels open. 
 
 TOAD POWDER FOR CANCER. 
 
 Take four ounces of limestone, a live toad, put into an 
 earthen vessel pot, covered with a lid of the same ma- 
 terial. Make the joints tight with clay around the edges, 
 so as to be air-tight; place it near the fire, so as to heat 
 very warm or hot, clear through ; then remove it from 
 the fire out of doors ; be very careful to keep on the 
 windward side ; then open the pot with a long stick ; 
 be careful not to let the scent of the pot get to you, for 
 it is a dangerous operation. When cold, pulverize to a 
 very fine powder ; keep it in close stopped vessels ; I use 
 a small glass jar, that has a glass stopper. Put a small 
 quantity of the powder on the cancer twice in twenty- 
 four hours; between times grease around the cancer with 
 j uniper oil. 
 
502 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 I have not tried this receipt perhaps as much as it is 
 worthy of being tried; I have not had it many years in 
 my possession ; I paid ten dollars for it. The man that 
 I got it from assured me that it was a certain cure. I 
 am well aware that it is a dangerous operation to make 
 it, and if I was certain of getting a genuine article, I 
 would buy the powder at a dollar per ounce, rather than 
 make it, but that is uncertain ; I keep it in its purity. 
 It is not as painful as the vegetable caustic. 
 
 ZINC PLASTER FOR CANCER. 
 
 Take chloride of zinc, and blood-root, very fine, 
 clarified honey and wheat flour, equal parts, mix to- 
 gether in a wedge-wood mortar, and spread it on a strong 
 piece of paper. Cut to suit the shape you wish to use. 
 There should first be placed around the cancer a rim of 
 beeswax, or sticking-plaster,, to keep the zinc plaster 
 from going too far; that is, it should be placed a little on 
 the sound skin, all round the cancer, and left on twenty- 
 four hours. On removing the plaster the cancer will have 
 the appearance of a burnt shoe sole, and the circular rim 
 outside of it will appear white and par-boiled, as if scalded 
 by hot steam. I have found it necessary to apply the 
 second or even the third plaster. The wound is then 
 dressed, and the outside rim soon separates, and the can- 
 cer comes out a hard lump. The healing and strength- 
 ening plaster will be found the best dressing to bring out 
 the hard lump, and the place heals readily by applying 
 the cancer-wash, and any of the healing salves. 
 
 MY VEGETABLE CAUSTIC. 
 
 Take the bark of the large sumach, the bark of the 
 
RECIPES. 5Ud 
 
 red oak ; take off the rough bark ; the inner bark of 
 black ash, burn carefully to ashes, then put it in a nar- 
 row vessel, moisten it with strong lime water, (not wet,) 
 let it stand three or four days, then pour good vinegar 
 on to leach off all the strength; let it stand to clear; 
 then shire it off and boil down the ley to the consistency 
 of thin honey or tar; spread this on paper, or thin soft 
 leather, and apply it on the cancer. It can be repeated 
 every one, two, or three days, till the cancer is killed. A 
 few applications kill the cancer where it has a good 
 chance. I use this in cancers of the face in preference 
 to any other plaster, and cancer of a scrofulous affec- 
 tion, all fungus flesh, eating tetter or ring- worm. It is 
 one of the best caustics that can be used, for while it de- 
 stroys all fungus, it does not anger the surrounding flesh 
 but very little, and heals very readily after it. But if it 
 is applied to old sores, where the surrounding flesh is 
 not sound, it will take it all away if continued. This 
 will give more satisfaction in more cases than any other 
 caustic. I use a new copper-kettle, newly lined, to boil 
 it in. 
 
 PHYSICIAN. 
 
 Take a copper vessel, newly lined on the inside, a cir- 
 cumstance, as it appears, essential, and pouring into it a 
 quantity of olive oil, boil it over coals sufficient to keep 
 it gently agitated. Do this for three times in twenty- 
 four hours ; the oil will then form into the consistency 
 of an ointment, with which the parts affected are to be 
 constantly rubbed. A cure in this case was effected in 
 fourteen days, though the cancer, which was on the lip, 
 
504 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 had already affected the gum. The European physi- 
 cians who were present, and being consulted, attributed 
 the efficacy of this ointment to the tin which had com- 
 municated some of its properties to the oil in conse- 
 quence of its long and repeated boiling over the fire. I 
 have tried this oil in various cases, and have used it with 
 advantage, but have in no case found its effects as de- 
 scribed in the above case. I have made an improvement 
 on it, which I think has increased its virtue very much 
 in many cases. For all eruptions of the skin, poison, 
 piles, fistula, etc., and as far as I have tried it in cancer, 
 it is better with the improvement. In Davis' case it did 
 not seem to have any effect till I tried the improvement, 
 and it was in that case that I first added it. The im- 
 provement is this : I take the oil as above made, and 
 put it on the fire again in the same kettle, adding the ten- 
 der leaves and stock of deadly night shade, and the ten- 
 der leaves and stock of stramonium, (Jamestown weed) 
 the bark of the root of yellow dock, and celandine, 
 mashed ; then bring it to a slow boil, gradually increas- 
 ing the heat till it crisps the leaves and roots ; then I 
 press out all I can. This I have found to be excellent 
 in scab-head, dry-tetter, scalds, burns, and the best oint- 
 ment for poison ever applied. I use this in every case 
 of cancer, with the other things recommended. 
 
 OINTMENT FOE TETTERS, ERUPTIONS, ETC. 
 
 Take a tablespoonful of fine verdigris, and the same 
 quantity of honey, and a half pint of strong vinegar 
 and one tablespoonful gunpowder, stew it down to the 
 consistency of tar. Spread it on paper or a linen rag 
 and apply it to the sore, renewing it every twenty-four 
 hours. Good for any old or running sores. 
 
RECIPES. 505 
 
 ITCH OINTMENT. 
 
 Hogs' lard, two ounces, venis turpentine, two ounces, 
 sulphuric acid, (oil of vitriol) four drachms. Mix in a 
 wedgewood's or glass mortar. Anoint the body once in 
 twents-four hours. This is a certain cure. 
 
 ITCH OINTMENT. 
 
 Take|Hogs' Lard J pound. 
 
 "White Precipitate 1 ounce. 
 
 Spirits Turpentine 3 tablespoonfuls. 
 
 Oil Yitriol 25 drops. 
 
 Mix well together, and anoint the parts broken out 
 three consecutive nights. First take a teaspoonful of 
 cream tartar and sulphur, mixed in sweet milk, three or 
 four mornings previous to using the ointment, and also 
 during the time of using it. A bottle of my purifying 
 syrup should also be taken, according to directions, to 
 effectually cleanse and purify the blood. 
 
 CLOVER PLASTER. 
 
 Take red clover heads, and fill a brass kettle, and boil 
 them for about an hour, strain it and fill it again with 
 heads ; boil as before, press out the juice, and boil it 
 over a slow fire, until it is about the consistency of tar. 
 This preparation is an excellent remedy for sore eyes, 
 sore mouth, corns, and old sores, by being prepared as 
 follows : 
 
 FOR SORE EYES. 
 
 Take the above, and dissolve it in spring water to a 
 proper thickness^add one-fourth the quantity of cognac 
 brandy, and wash the eyes two or three times a day. 
 
506 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 A SPEEDY REMEDY FOR A BRUISED EYE. 
 
 Boll a handful of hysop leaves in a little water till 
 they are quite tender, then put them up in linen, and 
 apply it hot to the eye; tie it on tightly at bed-time, 
 and the eye will next day be quite well. In the original 
 receipt from which the above was taken, it is said that a 
 man who had his thigh terribly bruised by a kick of a 
 horse, was cured in a few hours only, by a poultice of 
 hysop leaves cut and minced very small, and beaten up 
 with unsalted butter. 
 
 To prepare it, take green celandine, have it clean, 
 bruise it to a pulp in an earthen mortar, then cover it 
 with the tincture of kircuma. Let it stand three days ; 
 press out all you can. To a pint of this juice add two 
 large tablespoonfuls of clear honey, the white of an egg, 
 a tablespoonful of copperas, a tablespoonful of sulphur, 
 pulverized. Mix well together ; let it stand for three 
 days ; put it over a slow fire ; let it simmer a while ; scum 
 off all that rises, then strain it while hot, and bottle it for 
 use. I use this balsam for every variety of sore eyes. 
 With this balsam, and the other eye washes and eye 
 salves that I have given, any sore eye that can be cured 
 may be perfectly cured with proper care and dieting. 
 
 Another : Take a four ounce vial, fill it about two- 
 thirds full of rain water, then put in a teaspoonful of 
 pulverized brimstone, half a teaspoonful of copperas, 
 made fine, a teaspoonful of honey ; let stand in a warm 
 place to digest. Of this water put about two drops 
 twice a day in the eye. This has cured many. 
 
RECIPES. 507 
 
 Another: Eose water, half a pint, white vitriol, an 
 even teaspoonful; when dissolved, with a clean cloth, 
 wash the eye on- going to bed. This is highly recom- 
 mended. (I never tried it.) 
 
 A POULTICE FOR INFLAMED EYES. 
 
 Garden thyme boiled in rain water, and mixed with 
 scraped raw potato, whites of eggs, equal parts, and ap- 
 plied cold. The poultice to be renewed as it gets hot. 
 This is the best application that can be applied for in- 
 flammatory sore eyes. 
 
 EYE SALVES. 
 
 Take of lapis caliminaris, two parts (in bulk),kircuma, 
 three parts, and white vitriol, one part, pulverize finely, 
 and sift through a piece of cambric linen or muslin. 
 Then mix it with as much fresh and unsalted butter as 
 to form a salve about the color of Scotch snuff. A tea- 
 spoonful of the powders will make a lump the size of a 
 small hen's egg. Apply to the edges of the eyelids eve- 
 ning and morning, sufficient to smart the eyes ; the size 
 of a grain of wheat is sufiicient for one eye at one ap- 
 plication. I have used this eye-salve in very bad cases 
 for many years, and I have never used it without good 
 effect. If the eye is first lightly washed with the eye- 
 wash, and this salve used, it will be found to give the 
 greatest satisfaction. 
 
 FOR DIM OR DULL SIGHT. 
 
 Steep the sack that contains the musk of a skunk in 
 a gill of rain water or distilled water; take a clean cloth 
 
508 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 wet with this water, gently daub the eyes two or three 
 times a day. 
 
 EGG OINTMENT. 
 
 Take the yolks of eggs and beat them up, and mix as 
 much hydrodate of potash as the eggs will dissolve; 
 anoint the parts. This is good for many scrofulous af- 
 fections — ringworm, wens, and fistula. 
 
 FOR THE CURE OP THE JAUNDICE. 
 
 Take salts of tartar, one ounce ; of castile soap and 
 gum Arabic, each half an ounce; of spirits or brandy, 
 one pint. The ingredients should be frequently stirred 
 and shook well together, and after standing four or five 
 days the medicine will be fit for use. 
 
 The dose is two thirds of a wineglassful, mixed with 
 one third of a wineglassful of water, every morning, for 
 three days in succession, when it may be left off for two 
 or three mornings, and taken again in the same way, if 
 necessary, until the disease begins to disappear. Where 
 the case is bad, it should be taken every morning until 
 relief is procured. 
 
 female pills. — {For Restoration of the Menses) 
 
 Take gum white turpentine 2j ounces. 
 
 Sulphate iron, (green vitriol J " 
 
 Steel filings 1 " 
 
 Cayenne pepper 1 Drachm 
 
 Melt the gum ; add the powders ; form into common 
 sized pills. Dose: Three to five, three times a day; if 
 the patient is very weak and much reduced, they should 
 
RECIPES. 509 
 
 commence with two, three times a day. These pills, with 
 the tonic tincture and purifying syrup, will seldom fail 
 to restore the menses. 
 
 ANOTHER. 
 
 Take "best Turkey, gum myrrh. 1 ounce. 
 
 Flour sulphur 1 " 
 
 Steel filings 1 " 
 
 Loaf sugar ... 1 " 
 
 All pulverized; simmer in one half pint of wine till 
 nearly dry , then remove from the fire ; when cold, form 
 into common sized pills. Dose, two or three twice a day. 
 I like the first the best, as I have had the best success 
 with them. 
 
 MY ANTI-BILIOUS PILLS. 
 
 Take gum aloe, pulverized 4 ounces 
 
 Castile soap 1 " 
 
 Gamboge, pulverized 2 " 
 
 Colocynth, pulverized 2 " 
 
 Extract Gentian 2 " 
 
 Extract mandrake 4 " 
 
 Jalap 2 « 
 
 Cayenne pepper £ " 
 
 Incorporate thoroughly, and form into pills of common 
 size. Dose, from three to seven, according as they ope- 
 rate, and the habit of the patient. These pills may be 
 used in all complaints ; for while they cleanse the stom- 
 ach and bowels, the tone is preserved without causing 
 debility or griping. By using two at night and morning, 
 they make a very valuable pill for dyspepsia. These are 
 my favorite pills, and I use them more than all others. 
 
510 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 FOR FLUX. 
 
 Mix vinegar and salt together, and drink a small 
 quantity of it frequently ; add a small quantity of cayenne 
 pepper; it is also good to stop puking. 
 
 COMPOUND MANDRAKE POWDERS. 
 
 Take mandrake, pulverized or extract ; Jalap, pulveriz- 
 ed or extract ; cream of tartar, cayenne pepper, equal prats. 
 Mix well together. Dose, a teaspoonful every four hours 
 until they operate. These powders are an excellent ca- 
 thartic for all bilious cases and dropsy ; they carry off a 
 large quantity of water and bilious matter, without 
 griping or debilitating the system. 
 
 CATHARTIC. 
 
 Take Bowman root 6 grains 
 
 Jalap 6 " 
 
 Mucilage gum Arabic q. s. 
 
 Make into three pills, to be taken at night, to empty the 
 bowels in bilious affections. 
 
 CATHARTICS. 
 
 Take of rhubarb one and a half drachms, castile 
 soap, fifteen grains. Moisten with water, and make 
 twenty-four pills, to be taken as occasion may require. 
 They are used in costiveness arising from a deficiency of 
 bile in the intestinal canal. 
 
 So highly esteemed by all that have used it, and have 
 
RECIPES. 511 
 
 been offered high prices for the recipe. It is made thus : 
 
 Take sarsaparilla root <>« 12 pounds 
 
 Kock fern root and tops , 18 " 
 
 Sassafras, bark of root 6 " 
 
 Black cohush, (rattle root,) 10 " 
 
 Burdock root 6 " 
 
 Bark of the root of bitter sweet 6 " 
 
 Elder blossoms 6 " 
 
 Gum of pine, (white turpentine,) 4 " 
 
 Narrow dock root 10 " 
 
 Bruise all and cover with good spirits. Let it stand 
 closely covered for two or three days; add plenty of 
 water, and then boil it to get out the strength, adding 
 water as it diminishes. After boiling for eight or ten 
 hours, press out, and reduce to about ten gallons ; pour 
 it into a clean vessel ; let it stand to settle ; then strain 
 it off into your kettle ; add forty pounds of sugar, the 
 whites of about twelve eggs, and four gallons of pure 
 spirits ; bring it to a boil ; scum off what rises, then 
 strain into a clean vessel, covered tight ; when cool, bot- 
 tle for use, and add half an ounce of hydrodate of pot- 
 ash to a quart. Dose, from a teaspoonful to two table- 
 spoonfuls, according to age and circumstances. I use 
 this syrup in all impurities of the blood, and in many 
 cases of debility and nervous affections, dropsy, cancer, 
 king's evil, white swellings, rheumatism, scrofula in all 
 its forms, and many other cases, to restore patients re- 
 covering from sickness. I use this syrup more than all 
 my other syrups. I find it excellent in all cases of con- 
 sumption, with my other syrups. I could not dispense 
 with it. 
 
512 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 THE PULMONIC RECIPE, RECOMMENDED TO CURE CONSUMPTION. 
 
 Take hoarhound tops 1 pound 
 
 Liverwort 1 " 
 
 "Wild cherry bark 1 " 
 
 Comfrey root 1 " 
 
 Liquorice root 2 " 
 
 Spignate root 2 " 
 
 Blue cohush root 1 " 
 
 Sarsaparilla root 2 " 
 
 "White clover blossoms 1 " 
 
 Seneca snake root J " 
 
 Elacampane root J " 
 
 Indian turnip root ^ " 
 
 Skunk cabbage root J " 
 
 Eed puccoon root J " 
 
 Bruise all the above materials, and cover with spirits. 
 Let it stand one week covered; then put it all in a ket- 
 tle, bring it to a slow boil ; keep it boiling slowly for six or 
 eight hours ; keep water over the roots, etc., while boil- 
 ing; when done, press out all you can, strain it, and re- 
 duce it to three gallons ; then pour it in a clean vessel, 
 let it settle for twelve or fifteen hours ; pour it off care- 
 fully, then put it on the fire, add twelve pounds of honey, 
 and the whites of four eggs ; bring it to a slow boil, 
 scum off all that rises ; when clear, pour it in a clean 
 vessel to cool ; as soon as cool, bottle for use. Dose, a 
 tablespoonful to half a wineglassful three times a day, 
 for adults ; children, according to age, from half a tea- 
 spoonful to a tablespoonful. I have not tried it myself 
 much, but what I have tried did well. 
 
 ASTHMA SYRUP. 
 
 Take lobelia 1 pound 
 
 Skunk cabbage root 1 " 
 
 Black cohush 1 " 
 
 Blood root i " 
 
 Tar 1 quart 
 
RECIPES. 513 
 
 Bruise the roots; cover them with water; let it stand 
 some twenty- four hours ; boil it to get out all the 
 strength ; keep it covered with water after it is boiled 
 some eight or ten hours ; pour off and fill again with 
 water, and boil some three or four hours longer ; then take 
 out all the drugs and add both liquors together; then re- 
 duce it to one gallon, pour it into a narrow vessel to 
 settle. After standing some eight or ten hours, pour it off 
 carefully, and add half a gallon of spirits, half a gallon 
 of honey, and one pound of Spanish liquorice, the liquorice 
 to be dissolved before added, and the whites of two or 
 three eggs, well beaten ; bring to a slow boil, scum off all 
 that rises ; strain while hot in an earthen vessel or stone 
 jar; let it stand to cool; bottle it for use. Dose, from a 
 teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, three times a day, accord- 
 ing to age. This is a certain cure, by using the asthma 
 tincture. 
 
 FOR THE CROUP. 
 
 First immerse the child in warm water, then give an 
 emetic, (there are different ones recommended under the 
 head of recipes,) a very good one is tincture of lobelia 
 and wine of ipecac, mixed together, and give from twenty 
 drops to a teaspoonful, sweetened, every fifteen minutes, 
 until nausea and vomiting are affected. Then give a tea- 
 spoonful of pig's foot oil, every one or two hours. A few 
 drops of the compound tincture of myrrh may be given 
 occasionally. A tea made of blue cohush, black cohush, 
 and sage, is also very good. 
 
 I generally depend on the bath, emetic, expectorant, 
 tincture, or compound tincture of myrrh, and the pig's 
 oot oil, and use some of the teas. I have given differ- 
 33 
 
514 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ent and variable recipes for the croup which will be 
 found under their appropriate head. 
 
 INCOMPARABLE FUMIGATION FOR A SORE THROAT. 
 
 Boil a pint of vinegar and an ounce of gum myrrh 
 well together, about half an hour, and then pour the 
 liquor into a basin. Place over the basin the large end 
 of a funnel so as to fit it, and the small end then being 
 taken into the patient's mouth, the fumes will be inhaled 
 and descend to the throat. It must be used as hot as it 
 can possibly be borne, and renewed every quarter of an 
 hour till a cure is effected. This excellent remedy will 
 seldom or never fail, if presisted in only for a day or two, 
 and sometimes for a very few hours, in the most danger- 
 ous state of an inflammation or putrid sore throat, or 
 even a quinsy. 
 
 CURE FOR A SPRAIN. 
 
 Put an ounce of camphor, grossly powdered, into a pint 
 bottle, and adding a half pint of spirits of wine, nearly 
 fill up the bottle with bullock's gall. Let it stand two 
 or three days by the fireside, shaking it frequently till all 
 the camphor be completely dissolved, and keep it very 
 closely stopped for use. The part affected is to be bathed 
 plentifully every three or four hours till relief be obtained. 
 
 This embrocation, which is very efficacious, may be 
 quickly prepared by at once mixing common spirits of 
 wine and camphor with an equal quantity of ox gall. 
 
 WEST INDIA BITTERS, OR TOUSSAINT'S ANTI-BILIOUS DROPS. 
 
 Take three drachms of orange peel, two drachms of 
 gentian root, one each of cardamums, grains of paradise, 
 
RECIPES. 515 
 
 and gall en gals, half a drachm each of nutmegs and cloves, 
 one scruple each of saffron and cochineal, and half a 
 handful each of camomile flowers and Roman wormwood. 
 Infuse the whole in two quarts of brandy, rum, or white 
 wine. After it has stood for some time, pour off what is 
 clear, and to the ingredients add a quart more of either 
 liquor, though brandy is considered the best for the pur- 
 pose. This too, having remained a somewhat longer 
 time, and been occasionally shaken, may in like manner 
 be poured off for use. Two teaspoonsful are directed to 
 be taken an hour before dinner in half a glass of wine. 
 
 FOR FISTULA. 
 
 Take muscle shells, wash them clean and burn them 
 to powder and sift them. Then mix them with hog's 
 lard, spread it on clean soft leather and apply it. It is 
 said this has cured when near the point of death. 
 
 Another : Grind an ounce of corrosive sublimate in a 
 mortar as fine as possible ; put it in a glass vessel, and 
 pour on it two quarts of water ; cork it close, and for six 
 days shake it well every hour, and then let it settle for 
 twenty-four hours ; pour it off clear, filter it through a 
 glass funnel, and keep it for use, close stopped. Put a 
 half spoonful of this water into a vial with two spoonsful 
 of clear spring water, shake them well together and 
 take them, fasting. It works both by vomit and by 
 stool, but very safely. Keep yourself very warm, and 
 walk as much as you can. The first time neither eat nor 
 drink. After it has done working, take it every other 
 day. In forty days, this will also cure any cancer, old 
 sore or king's evil, broken or unbroken. After the first 
 or second vomit, you may use water gruel, as in other 
 
516 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 vomits. This medicine ought to be given by a skillful 
 physician. This remedy should only be resorted to in 
 extreme cases, and when all other means have failed. 
 
 A SYRUP FOE CATARRH, COUGH AND COLD. 
 
 Take White Solomon's seal 1 pound- 
 Virginia snake root J l< 
 
 Elacampane root 1 " 
 
 Liquorice root J " 
 
 Black cohush root | " 
 
 Sage £ « 
 
 Hoarhound tops 4 " 
 
 Comfrey root .1 " 
 
 Bruise all, and cover with spirits. Let it stand three or 
 four days, covered ; then add water and boil it to get out 
 the strength ; strain ; add four pounds of raisins, mashed ; 
 one pound gum myrrh, pulverized ; boil it again for 
 three or four hours, until reduced to three gallons ; pour 
 it in a clean vessel to clear ; when settled, strain it care- 
 fully, then add twelve pounds of honey or loaf sugar, 
 and half a gallon of the best gin. Dose, from one to 
 three tablespoonfuls, two or three times a day, or oftener, 
 when required. 
 
 It should be carefully bottled, and when it is a year 
 old, it is better than when first made. This will be 
 found an excellent medicine in all coughs, colds, catarrhs, 
 particularly where there is a difficulty of raising. 
 
 COMPOUND OXYMEL OF GARLIC FOR ASTHMETIC COMPLAINTS, 
 COMMON COLD, RHEUMATISMS AND COUGHS. 
 
 Take Sugar or rock candy 1 pound. 
 
 Sweet pennel seed 4 ounces. 
 
 Caraway seed 4 " 
 
 Spanish liquorice 1 pound. 
 
 Honey 1 " 
 
 Garlic, sliced 4 " 
 
 White wine, vinegar, or cider vinegar 3 quarts. 
 
RECIPES. 517 
 
 Evaporate slowly to two quarts ; during the operation add 
 a quart of spirits, but let it get pretty well reduced down 
 first ; after it has simmered for some two or three hours, 
 press out all you can when cold. 
 
 This makes a valuable balsam or oxymel for all sore- 
 ness of the breast. I sometimes add four ounces of the 
 gum myrrh, which improves it very much, but it is worse 
 to take. A teaspoonful or two of this oxymel, taken 
 occasionally, particularly at night and morning, will 
 scarcely ever fail of proving beneficial to all persons af- 
 flicted with an asthma. It is also frequently serviceable 
 in rheumatic complaints, especially when assisted by 
 warm embrocations. 
 
 MY COMPOUND EXPECTORANT. 
 
 Take Tincture of blood root 8 ounces. 
 
 " " lobelia 8 « 
 
 " " blackcohush 8 « 
 
 Compound tincture of myrrh 16 " 
 
 Pulverized balsam 1 quart. 
 
 Ipecac, pulverized 4 ounces. 
 
 Mix all together ; let it stand six days and filter. Dose, 
 from a teaspoonful to two tablespoonsful from three to 
 five times a day, according to age and circumstances. 
 This forms an excellent medicine where an expectorant 
 is needed. I have used this with great success in coughs, 
 colds, asthma, bronches, consumption, etc. In inflamma- 
 tion of the lungs, it opens that constricted state of the 
 lungs that is common in all these complaints. It seldom 
 fails to give satisfaction in all the above complaints. 
 
 GENUINE SYRUP FOR COUGHS, SPITTING OF BLOOD, ETC. 
 
 This excellent remedy cannot be made too public. It 
 is thus prepared : Take six ounces of comfrey root, and 
 
518 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 twelve handsful of plantain leaves; cut and beat them 
 well; strain out the juice; and with an equal weight of 
 sugar, boil it to a syrup. Dose, a tablespoonful three 
 times a day. 
 
 FOE BLEEDING OF THE LUNGS. 
 
 Make a syrup of red beth root, one ounce ; bayberry 
 root, half an ounce, in some water in which hazel leaves 
 have been boiled — one pint ; add a pint of good wine, su- 
 gar and honey. Dose, a tablespoonful every ten minutes 
 till it abates ; then take a pint of yeast and boil it with 
 the same quantity of balsam of tamearack, and take one 
 tablespoonful night and morning for ten days. A sure 
 cure. 
 
 FOR SPITTING OF BLOOD. 
 
 Make a decoction of crane's bill, beth root, ground 
 ivy, equal parts ; steep them strong, and drink as often 
 as three or four times a day ; and drink a strong tea 
 made of garrow. This is the best compound for this 
 complaint in the world. I have often tried this with 
 success. 
 
 FOR RICKETS. 
 
 Drink a strong tea of sage and sweet fern, and sleep 
 on a bed made of the same until well. Wash often in 
 saleratus, cider, or vinegar. 
 
 FOR DYSENTERY. 
 
 Take Wild cherry bark 1 pound. 
 
 Khubarb root 1 " 
 
 Dried red blackberries, or root 1 " 
 
 Allspice I " 
 
 Cloves I " 
 
 Cinnamon ^ " 
 
 Myrrh £ » 
 
RECIPES. 519 
 
 All pressed fine, covered with spirits, to get out the 
 strength ; boil from three to five hours ; separate it from 
 the dregs; settle and strain; then add four pounds of 
 loaf sugar and two quarts of brandy. This should make 
 about one and a half gallons of cordial, when finished. 
 In many cases, I add a teaspoonful of saleratus to the 
 quart. I always give the dose according to the urgency 
 of the case, and circumstances of the patient. This will 
 be found an excellent medicine in all cases of diarrhoea 
 and flux. I want nothing but this and my All-Healing 
 Liniment and a few assafcetida pills in any case of dys- 
 entery or flux. 
 
 SYRUP FOR THE BREAST AND LUNGS. 
 
 Take cabbage and pound the leaves and stalks ; press 
 out the juice, and with an equal weight of honey, boil 
 and scum as long as any scum arises. Bottle it for use. 
 Dose, one tablespoonful, fasting, three times a day. 
 This is a very simple remedy. 
 
 SYRUP OF GINGER. 
 
 Take of beat ginger, three ounces ; boiling water, four 
 pounds ; double-refined sugar, seven and a half pounds ; 
 steep the ginger in the water, in a close vessel for twenty- 
 four hours ; then to the strained liquor add the beat su- 
 gar, so as to form a syrup. This is an agreeable and 
 slightly aromatic syrup, impregnated with the flavor 
 and virtue of the ginger. 
 
 FOR ASTHMA. 
 
 Beat saffron blows fine. Dose, from eight to ten 
 grains on a sliced apple at night. This may be tried. 
 
520 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 FOR SPITTING BLOOD. 
 
 Take two spoonfuls of nettle juice every morning, and 
 a teacupful of the decoction of nettles at night, for a 
 week. This stops spitting or vomiting of blood. Or 
 take a half teaspoonful of Barbadoes tar, (spring oil) on 
 a lump of sugar at night. It commonly effects a cure 
 at once. Where the nettles cannot be got green, take a 
 teaspoonful of the powders. 
 
 Another : Take one pound of plantain, and one pound 
 of yellow dock root, pulverized fine; boil them in two 
 quarts of sweet milk ; strain. Dose, one gill three times 
 a day. Or pound balm of Grilead buds fine with brown 
 sugar, so as to make them into pills. Dose, four or five 
 pills on going to bed. It wonderfully helps the soreness 
 of the breast. 
 
 TINCTURE OF SENNA. 
 
 Take of senna leaves, two ounces; jalap, one ounce; 
 coriander seed, one-half ounce ; high spirits, three and a 
 half pounds; digest for seven days, and add to the 
 strained liquor four ounces of loaf sugar. This is an 
 excellent medicine in bowel complaints and colic, espe- 
 cially in intemperate persons. 
 
 TINCTURE OF B0NESET. 
 
 Take Boneset powders 1 ounce. 
 
 Cloves 1 drachm. 
 
 Port Wine 1 quart. 
 
 Digest for ten days; strain and bottle it for use. Dose, 
 one tablespoonful. It is an excellent tonic. 
 
KECIPES. 521 
 
 COMPOUND TINCTURE OE MYRRH. 
 
 Alcohol 2 quarts. 
 
 Myrrh 8 ounces. 
 
 Gum camphor 2 " 
 
 Cayenne pepper J " 
 
 Digest for seven days, shaking it occasionally. Dose, 
 one or two teaspoonfuls. It is an excellent medicine in 
 rheumatism, both externally and internally applied. It 
 is also good for old sores, swelled joints, bruises and 
 sprains, scalds and burns. In many cases I use this as a 
 substitute for my All-Healing Liniment. 
 
 TINCTURE OF RHUBARB. 
 
 Take of rhubarb, pulverized, two ounces; liquorice 
 and anise seed, each one ounce; super-carbonate of soda, 
 one-half ounce ; sugar, one ounce ; diluted alcohol, two 
 ounces. Digest for seven days ; strain and bottle it for 
 use. It is an excellent stomacher and purgative, in ca- 
 ses of indigestion, laxity of the intestines, etc. 
 
 TINCTURE OF JALAP. 
 
 Take three ounces of jalap, one pint of good spirits; 
 put them into a bottle and let them digest for seven 
 days. A teaspoonful or two is sufficient for a child ten 
 years old. It is good purge for children. 
 
 MY ANTI- SPASMODIC DROPS. 
 
 Take Scutlery — (skull cap) 4 ounces. 
 
 Valerian root 4 " 
 
 Lobelia seed 4 " 
 
522 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 All well pulverized ; add three pints of the best spirits ; 
 let it stand seven days, shaking it every day. Prepare 
 at the same time in another bottle gum myrrh, coarsely 
 pulverized, eight ounces ; cayenne pepper, four ounces ; 
 spirits, one quart. This requires to be kept warm, and 
 shook every day. By this time each will be tinctured. 
 Then pour off carefully, and filter ; then mix both to- 
 gether. Dose, from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful, 
 from three to four times a day. This forms one of the 
 best drops for all nervous complaints I have ever tried ; 
 in all languid conditions of the system, spasms, para- 
 lysis, fainting, and to restore persons apparently drowned, 
 or in any other state of suspended animation, and for 
 the most violent attack of lock-jaw, fits, and for persons 
 in a melancholy state of mind, it appears to rouse and 
 invigorate the whole system. Nothing can be more de- 
 pended on in palsy. 
 
 PILE OINTMENT. 
 
 Mash any quantity of fire-weed, called feather- weed, 
 apt to grow in new ground or clearings, celandine, and 
 yellow dock equal parts ; cover with good spirits. Let 
 stand a few days, then add one pound of fresh unsalted 
 butter to a quart of this pulp ; put it on the fire till the 
 spirits are all evaporated; heat it hot enough almost to 
 crisp the herbs and roots till brown ; press out, cleanse, 
 then add half an ounce of saltpetre, and half an ounce 
 of borax to a pint of this ointment ; pulverize both fine, 
 and do not have the oils very hot when you add them, 
 or it will burn out. I use this in all cases of piles. It 
 can be applied inwardly, by taking a mutton tallow can- 
 dle and greasing it well with the ointment, and it can be 
 applied outside without. 
 
RECIPES. 523 
 
 WASH FOR PILES. 
 
 Take a strong saturated water of saltpetre, by dissolv- 
 ing as much saltpetre in hot water as will dissolve ; mix 
 equal parts of this water, and my All-Healing Liniment 
 together, and wash the parts before anointing. 
 
 PILES. 
 
 A certain cure for piles when they are not bad : Take 
 saltpetre and put in brandy to wash the parts, and use 
 the Armenian oil, or the pile ointment, or green salve. 
 The application is pretty severe. 
 
 PILE ELECTUARY. 
 
 Take Electuary of senna 2 ounces. 
 
 Cream of tartar 1 « 
 
 Flour of sulphur 1 " 
 
 Saltpetre 1 " 
 
 Ehubarb 1 " 
 
 Saleratus £ " 
 
 Mix with molasses, or honey, which is better to make it 
 stick ; then take the bigness of a filbert and dissolve in 
 water, and take at night when going to bed. This is 
 excellent for piles, fistula, and habitual costiveness. It 
 is very cooling and mild. I generally steep in sweet 
 wine, and give it in the same proportion. The wine 
 should have in it no alcohol. I put two ounces of this 
 electuary in a pint of sweet wine, and give from a table- 
 spoonful to half a wine glass, once or twice a day, ac- 
 cording to age, habit, and constitution. 
 
 FOR FISTULA. 
 
 Take yolks of eggs, beat up, and add as much saltpe- 
 tre as will dissolve, and apply every twelve hours. 
 
524 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 TONIC WINE POWDERS, OR TINCTURE. 
 
 ""- Take Peruvian bark 4 ounces. 
 
 Khubarb 2 " 
 
 Sulphur 2 " 
 
 Camomile blossoms 1 " 
 
 Orange peal 1 " 
 
 Nutmeg 1 " 
 
 Cinnamon J " 
 
 Cloves 1 drachm. 
 
 Cayenne J " 
 
 All finely pulverized and well mixed. Put two and a 
 half ounces of the above powder to a quart of wine. 
 Dose, from a half to whole wine glassful three to five 
 times a day. If these powders are incorporated with 
 my Medical Wine it makes the best medicine to restore 
 patients recovering from sickness, and all cases where 
 the circulation is languid, remittant fevers, chills and 
 fevers, and if used for a few months will effectually re- 
 move that troublesome complaint, cold feet ; it seems to 
 regulate and restore the entire tone of the system. I 
 depend much on this as a tonic. 
 
 VEGETABLE BITTERS 
 
 To make one bottle : Take quaking asp bark and the 
 leaves and flowers of thoroughwort, of each equal parts ; 
 add about one-fourth as much wormwood; put them 
 into an earthern vessel, and pour boiling water on them ; 
 boil awhile to get the strength out ; pour it into a bowl, 
 and add one teaspoonful of cayenne; stir it well, and 
 add, when cool, one gill of brandy or gin ; put all into a 
 bottle, shake it a few times and it is fit for use. These 
 bitters are good for the jaundice, loss of appetite, indi- 
 
RECIPES. 525 
 
 gestion, pain in the stomach and bowels, costiveness, and 
 other obstructions peculiar to females, etc. Take a wine 
 glassful before breakfast, one at noon, and one in the 
 evening. It is a safe medicine in all conditions for male 
 or female. 
 
 DISEASE OF THE STOMACH AND PURIFICATION OF THE BLOOD — 
 ONE OF MY MEDICAL WINES. 
 
 Take Quaking asp bark 5 pounds 
 
 Columbo root 2\ " 
 
 Gentian root 2\ " 
 
 Swamp oak bark 5 " 
 
 Rock fern, 5 « 
 
 "Wild cherry bark 5 " 
 
 Bruise all and cover with water. Cover the vessel well 
 and let it stand for two days ; then put it all in a kettle 
 and keep water over it, and let it boil slowly for eight or 
 ten hours ; then pour it from the dregs and let it stand 
 to cool and settle; then pour it off completely from the 
 sediments, and boil it down to ten gallons ; let it stand 
 again to cool, and strain from the sediments again ; then 
 put it on the fire, add forty pounds of sugar, and eight 
 gallons of good spirits, and the whites of twelve eggs, 
 bring it to a boil, scum as long as scum arises ; then strain 
 into a vessel and leave the bung out ; lay a cloth over 
 the bung till it is cool, then bring it up and keep it in a 
 cool place. It ought to stand a few months before it is 
 good. 
 
 This is excellent in all kinds of debility, and it will 
 enable a laboring man or woman to perform their labor 
 with much more ease. There can be a small wine glass- 
 ful taken before a meal; it should be continued for some 
 time, as its effect is not immediately realized. I very 
 
526 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 often add an ounce and a half of the tonic powders to 
 a quart of the wine, and let it stand to get clear, and find 
 it still better for any kind of debility in old or young. 
 This is the wine that there is so much talk of. 
 
 RHEUMATIC DROPS. 
 
 Take Rattle root, (black cohush,) 2 pounds 
 
 Prickley ash 1 " 
 
 Gum guiacum J " 
 
 Gum myrrh £ " 
 
 Seneca snake root 1 " 
 
 All pulverized; then add six quarts of whiskey, two 
 quarts of water, well mixed. Let it stand fourteen days ; 
 filter from the dregs, and add eight pounds of sugar ; 
 then add strong tincture of colchicum, two quarts ; shake 
 well together. Dose, from a tea to a tablespoonful, two, 
 three, or four times a day. This is excellent, and if the 
 affected part is well bathed with my All-Healing Lini- 
 mint, a cure is certain in many cases. 
 
 ANOTHER. 
 
 Take Tincture guiacum 2 parts 
 
 Compound tincture of myrrh 1 " 
 
 Tincture lobelia 1 " 
 
 Black drops I " 
 
 West India bitters 2 " 
 
 Mix well together. Dose, a tablespoonful five times a day. 
 I first prepared the above medicine for a man by the 
 name of "William Dolon. He was taken very sudden, 
 and extremely bad. In a short time his legs were drawn 
 crooked, and his pains were excrutiating indeed. I first 
 bathed him thoroughly with my All-Healing Liniment, 
 and ordered him bathed, at first, three times a day, and 
 
RECIPES. 527 
 
 gave the above every three hours. He soon got better, 
 and in two weeks was able to be at work. I have used 
 itin other cases with equally as good effect. 
 
 MY SWEATING DROPS. 
 
 Take seneca snake root, liverwort roots and tops, ipe- 
 cac root, black snake root, (Virginia snake root,) of each 
 equal parts ; boil to get out the strength ; strain ; reduce 
 to one half; to a pint of this decoction add one ounce of 
 saffron ; simmer slowly half an hour, then strain and 
 squeeze out all you can ; add a teacupful of loaf sugar ; 
 form it into a balsam. This makes valuable drops in all 
 cases where you wish to produce a moisture of the skin 
 without stimulating. In all fevers it is very sweating, 
 and throws off' a large quantity of matter from the blood. 
 Very handy drops can be made by taking four ounces of 
 the above powders, all fine, and add to a quart of wine 
 and one pound of loaf sugar. Let it stand seven days 
 and filter. Dose, from a tea to a tablespoonful every two, 
 three, or four hours, in catnip tea, til] a free perspiration 
 is produced. 
 
 FOR THE AGUE. 
 
 Take the bark of the root of swamp dogwood, worm- 
 wood herb, bone set leaves and blossoms, and 
 
 gentain root, of each 1 ounce 
 
 Khubarb $ " 
 
 Virginia snake root $ " 
 
 Cloves, nutmeg, cayenne pepper, each 1 drachm 
 
 Make this all fine, then add three pints of good brandy. 
 
 This I have found an excellent medicine after the 
 
 stomach and bowels have been well cleansed, for those 
 
 long, lingering dumb agues. It is best to use it frequent- 
 
528 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ly, and in the first stage of ague, if a puke is given, then 
 a physic, and follow it up frequently with this, it will not 
 often miss. I depend as much on this as any other medi- 
 cine. It is certainly a good medicine if properly used. 
 Dose, from a tablespoonful to half a wine glass, every two 
 or three hours. 
 
 cathartics — (Poioders.) 
 
 Take of bowman root, pulverized, six grains; jalap, 
 ten grains; loaf sugar, ten grains. It may be taken 
 morning or evening, in bilious fevers, and slimy and 
 obstructed bowels. 
 
 diuretic pills for dropsy. 
 
 Take fox-glove, in powder, twelve grains ; bowman 
 root, five grains ; extract of dandelion, a sufficient quanti- 
 ty. Make twelve pills, to be taken every eighth hour, in 
 dropsy of the chest, with obstructions. 
 
 MY DIAPHORETIC POWDERS. 
 
 Take Seneca snake root, pulverized 4 ounces 
 
 Ipecac 4 " 
 
 Sulphate of potash 1 " 
 
 Camphor gum I " 
 
 Cayenne pepper 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix well together. Dose, a teaspoonful every four hours 
 in a cup full of catnip tea. 
 
 This forms the best diaphoretic in all cases where a 
 perspiration is needed : in fevers, colds, pleurisy inflamma- 
 tion of the lungs, rheumatisms, and in all other com- 
 plaints where we desire to keep a moisture of the skin. 
 
RECIPES. 529 
 
 I add to the above an ounce of Bobbin's plantain, roots 
 and tops, pulverized, which I think makes a valuable ad- 
 dition, but as it is not to be found everywhere, I did not 
 put it in the body of the recipe. 
 
 bcerhave's fever powders. 
 
 Take eight ounces of nitre, quarter of an ounce of 
 camphor, the eighth of an ounce of saffron, and eight 
 grains of cochineal. These are to be powdered and 
 mixed together, and kept dry in a bottle. Ten grains 
 taken on going to bed abate the feverish heat and. pro- 
 cure rest. Ten grains are to be taken every three or 
 four hours in a continued fever. 
 
 SWEATING OR DOVERS' POWDER. 
 
 Ipecacuanha, pulverized 1 scruple 
 
 Opium , 1 " 
 
 Seneca snake root 1 " 
 
 Sulphate of potash 8 " 
 
 Grind them to a powder. Dose, from five to twenty grains, 
 as the stomach and strength will bear it; lessen the 
 dose if it threatens to puke. Avoid much drinking after 
 it. This is a powerful sweating remedy in fevers, rheu- 
 matism, and dropsies ; excellent in colds and suppressed 
 perspiration. In general, this is the best opiate, as the 
 ipecacuanha lessens the danger of a habitual use of 
 opium, a thing to be avoided next to habits of intoxi- 
 cation. 
 
 VEGETABLE HEATING POWDERS. 
 
 Bayberry root bark 1* pound 
 
 Hemlock bark £ " 
 
 Ginger $ " 
 
 Cayenne pepper 1 ounce 
 
 Cloves 1 " 
 
 34 
 
530 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Pulverize finely and mix. Dose, a teaspoonful, with the 
 same quantity of sugar, in about a gill of hot water. 
 
 This preparation is an excellent remedy for pain in 
 the stomach and bowels, dysentery, obstruction by cold, 
 etc. A dose taken on going to bed and warmth applied 
 to the body, is an excellent remedy for a bad cold. 
 "Women who have taken cold after delivery, will receive 
 much benefit from using freely a tea made from these 
 powders. 
 
 EMETIC NO. 3, FOR DROPSY. 
 
 Take Ipecacuanha (American) 4 ounces. 
 
 Bloodroot 2 " 
 
 Capsicum (cayenne) % " 
 
 All finely pulverized and well mixed together. Dose : 
 Half a teaspoonful every fifteen minutes, till it operates. 
 It should be mixed in a tea made of big podded milk 
 weed ; and work it off with a tea made of the bark of 
 common elder. Drink all you can between vomiting. 
 This is the best vomit than can be given in all kinds of 
 dropsy. Those who never used it, would be astonished 
 with its effects. 
 
 POWDER TO STOP MORTIFICATION. 
 
 Take Flour of sulphur 2 ounces. 
 
 Alum 4 " 
 
 Gunpowder 4 " 
 
 Pulverize the whole together ; take a teaspoonful of the 
 powder and put it in vinegar ; stir them together, and 
 apply it to the sore ; repeat it every two hours, until the 
 mortification is stopped; and take of the powder inter- 
 nally, several times a day. If the patient cannot take it 
 
RECIPES. 531 
 
 in vinegar, it may be taken in sweet cream. This may 
 be relied upon as certain. 
 
 CURE FOR HYDROPHOBIA. 
 
 A venerable Saxon forester, named Gastelle, now of 
 the age of eighty-two, unwilling to take to the grave 
 with him a secret of such import, has made public in 
 the Leipsic Journal the means which he has used for 
 fifty years, and wherewith, he affirms, he has rescued 
 many human beings and cattle from the fearful death of 
 hydrophobia. Take immediately warm vinegar or tepid 
 water, wash the wound clean therewith, and then dry it ; 
 then pour upon the wound a few drops of muriatic acid, 
 because mineral acids destroy the poison of the saliva, 
 by which means the evil effect of the latter is neutralized. 
 
 Another — 
 
 An intelligent correspondent of the IsTew York Tri- 
 bune, writing from Philadelphia, sends a receipt for the 
 cure of hydrophobia, which he knows to have been suc- 
 cessful in one case. A friend who gave him the receipt 
 knew of twenty instances where it was successfully 
 given. It is as follows : 
 
 First dose, one ounce elecampane root, boiled in one 
 pint of milk until reduced to one-half pint. Second 
 dose, (to be taken two days after the first,) one ounce 
 and a half of elecampane root in one pint of milk, 
 boiled as the first. Third dose, the same as the second, 
 (to be taken two days after,) in all, three doses. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take two tablespoonsful of fresh chloride of lime, in 
 powder — mix it with half a pint of water, and with this 
 
532 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 wash keep the wound constantly bathed, and frequently 
 renewed. The chlorine gas possesses the power of de- 
 composing this tremendous poison, and renders mild and 
 harmless that venom against whose resistless attack the 
 artillery of medical science has been so long directed in 
 vain. It is necessary to add that this wash should be 
 applied as soon as possible after the infliction of the bite. 
 The following are the results of this treatment : From 
 1810 to 1824, the number of persons admitted into 
 Breslau Hospital was 184, of whom only two died; 
 from 1783 to 1824, into the Hospital at Zurich, 223 per- 
 sons bitten by different animals, (182 by dogs,) of whom 
 only four died. 
 
 EMETIC FOR FEVER AND AGUE, NO. 1, AND FOR ALL BILIOUS 
 COMPLAINTS. 
 
 Take Blood root 1 ounce. 
 
 Ipecac 1\ " 
 
 Lobelia 1\ " 
 
 Tartar emetic \ " 
 
 Capsicum \ " 
 
 All well pulverized, and mixed together. Dose : Take 
 half a teaspoonful every thirty minutes, till it operates, 
 in tea made of boneset, or chamomile, though boneset is 
 the best ; after it commences operating, drink freely of 
 either of the teas. This is the surest and best emetic in 
 all chills and fevers. It seldom fails breaking the chill, 
 if given so as to operate about the time they expect the 
 chill. 
 
 COMMON EMETIC, NO. 2. 
 
 Take Blood root, 2 ounces. 
 
 Ipecac 4 " 
 
 Lobelia 6 " 
 
 Skunk Cabbage 2 " 
 
 Capsicum 7 \ " 
 
RECIPES. 533 
 
 All finely pulverized, and well mixed together. Dose : 
 Half a teaspoonful in boneset or chamomile tea, and re- 
 peat every fifteen minutes, till it operates. If the first or 
 second dose is ejected, repeat the dose. Drink plenty of 
 the tea while it is operating. This can be given in all 
 common cases, where an emetic is needed. 
 
 EMETIC FOR CROUP. 
 
 For very young children, make a tea of pennyroyal, 
 and fill a teacup two-thirds full, sweeten it, and then 
 put a teaspoonful of lobelia into a thin cloth ; dip it in the 
 tea and squeeze it, to get the strength into the tea. Give 
 about one-third of it, and in an interval of about ten or 
 
 'OM.% J9q^O 9T£). 9Al£ 'OSOp TJ0139 U99A\^9q S9^UUIUI U99^JU; 
 
 thirds. If this does not relieve, prepare another dose, 
 and give it as before. For children from six months to 
 five or six years old, make a tea of pennyroyal ; fill a 
 teacup half full, sweeten it, and put a large teaspoonful 
 of lobelia into it ; stir it well ; give the child one-third 
 of it, as above, and if this does not operate sufficient to 
 relieve, give half as much more; and be particular to 
 give the child drink whenever it wants it, either cider, 
 tea, or water ; and give at the same time, a teaspoonful 
 of pigs' feet oil every four hours, for a child from six 
 months to a year old ; and a tablespoonful may be given 
 to a child from one to three years old ; if this is not to 
 be had, take neats foot oil, or pure olive oil may be used 
 as a subsitute, or one quarter of the quantity of flaxseed 
 oil may be used. 
 
 Another, for Gravel — 
 
 Make a strong decoction of spearmint and wild parsley, 
 
534 GUIDE TO HEALTH. ' 
 
 (tame will answer as a substitute, but is not as good ;) 
 add a teaspoonful of saleratus to a quart of the decoc- 
 tion, (a very strong tea,) and drink freely of this tea, and 
 take twice a day of the diuretic drops in some of the tea. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take strawberry roots and tops, spearmint tops, 
 parsely roots and tops, wash to a pulp ; be careful not to 
 waste the juice; cover with good Holland gin; let it 
 stand a few hours ; press out all you can ; to every quart 
 of this juice, add two tablespoonsful of honey, and a 
 teaspoonful of saltpetre. Dose : Take a wineglassful 
 three times a day. When saltpetre is not at hand, 
 saleratus will answer. 
 Another — 
 
 Take Salts of tartar J ounce. 
 
 Spirits of turpentine J " 
 
 Carbonate of soda I " 
 
 Balsam of copabia h " 
 
 Camphor 1 drachm. 
 
 Mix together; after it has stood awhile, add a table- 
 spoonful of honey; then add one quart of the compound 
 mintjuiceandgin. Dose: Take two tablespoonsful three 
 times a day ; the honey may be increased to suit the pa- 
 tient. This seldom fails to give relief. If the bowels 
 and the small of the back are affected, bathe with my 
 All-Healing Liniment twice a day; and the above given, 
 it will astonish the patient by its effects. 
 
 Another — 
 
 It is stated that a gill of red onion juice, taken morn- 
 ing and evening, and drink horsemint tea twice a day, 
 
RECIPES. 535 
 
 (a pint,) but not at the same time of taking the juice, is 
 a certain cure in three days. The above was communi- 
 cated by a slave to a Baptist Minister of Virginia, who 
 was cured by it. He afterwards bought the slave and 
 set him free. 
 
 FOR THE DROPSY. 
 
 I here give a recipe I got from an old lady for 
 dropsy : Take elder bark, strip it down and make a tea 
 of it and drink freely ; leave the stalk stand ; you take 
 the bark from. Take old bee comb and cover it 
 well with water in any vessel ; let it stand till it works, 
 then bathe your feet in it every night. 
 
 Another — 
 
 First give an emetic. After the stomach has become 
 quiet, take foxglove, pulverized, a teaspoonful, add half 
 a pint of boiling water; cover till cold. Dose, a table- 
 spoonful every two hours ; if it produces nausea or gid- 
 diness, half the quantity must be given ; give daily of 
 compound mandrake pills, to keep a free operation as 
 much as twice a day. After the water is diminished 
 some, use the purifying syrup, and make a decoction of 
 the root of big podded milk weed; drink a teacupful 
 three times a day, sweetened with honey. 
 
 BLOODY URINE. 
 
 Make a strong decoction of yarrow, and drink a pint 
 twice a day. 
 
 FALLING OF THE PALATE. 
 
 Bruise the veins of cabbage leaves and lay it on the 
 head hot ; repeat it if needed in two hours, aud gurgle 
 with a decoction of hemp seed. 
 
536 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 CONVULSIONS. 
 
 Take a teaspoonful of valerian root, pulverized, in a 
 cup of water, or the compound tincture, every evening. 
 
 BY M. DE SAINTE CATHERRNE, A CELEBRATED FRENCH PHY- 
 SICIAN, WHO ATTAINED NEARLY THE ACE OF ONE HUNDRED 
 AND TWENTY YEARS. 
 
 It is thus prepared : Take about a quart of the best 
 sifted and well washed oats and a small handful of wild 
 succory roots, newly drawn out of the earth ; boil them 
 gently in six quarts of river water for three-quarters of 
 an hour, and then add half an ounce of crystal min- 
 eral, and three or four spoonfuls of the best honey, or a 
 quarter of a pound of it in weight. Let the whole now 
 boil half an hour longer, then strain it through linen, 
 put the liquid into an earthen vessel and leave it covered 
 to cool. For persons of a bilious habit, only half the 
 quantity of honey should be added, as the sweetness has 
 a tendency to increase the bile. Two good glasses of 
 this ptisan should be drank every morning, fasting, 
 without eating anything for some hours, and the same 
 quantity three hours after dinner. This course must be 
 continued for fourteen days, without bleeding or con- 
 finement, or taking broth, new-laid eggs, or any other 
 particular diet, but in all respects living as usual. The 
 weak and infirm need only take a single glass, and they 
 will not fail to feel the good effect. Persons who are 
 overburdened with flesh and are costive, are recom- 
 
KECIPES. 537 
 
 mended to commence drinking it by some previous pur- 
 gative, after which it will prove more efficacious. The 
 ptisan is easy to take and pleasant in its operation, causing 
 no griping pains or other disagreeable sensations. It is 
 undoubtedly an excellent medicine. 
 
 SPEEDY CURE FOR A SPRAIN. 
 
 Take a large spoonful of honey, the same quantity of 
 salt, and the white of an egg ; beat the whole up together 
 incessantly for two hours, then let it stand an hour, and 
 anoint the place sprained with the oil which will be pro- 
 duced from the mixture, keeping the part well rolled 
 with a bandage. This is said generally to have enabled 
 persons with sprained ankles to walk in twenty-four 
 hours, entirely free from pain. For this complaint I 
 always use my All-Healing Liniment with great success. 
 
 AN ADMIRABLE BEVERAGE FOR A WEAK CONSTITUTION. 
 
 Boil as much clean barley in pure water as will make 
 about three pints, then straining it off and having in the 
 meantime dissolved an ounce of gum arabic in a little 
 water, mix them and boil the whole up together. The 
 barley-water need not be thick, as the gum will give it 
 sufficient consistency. "When used, take it milk- warm ; 
 the good effect will soon appear. It must be substituted 
 as a common beverage in place of beer, ale, etc., at meals. 
 
 AN EXCELLENT MEDICINE FOR SHORTNESS OF BREATH. 
 
 Mix three-quarters of an ounce of finely powdered 
 senna, half an ounce of flour of sulphur, and a quarter 
 
538 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 of an ounce pounded ginger, in four ounces of clarified 
 honey. Take the bigness of a nutmeg every night and 
 morning, for five days successively, afterwards once a 
 week for some time, and finally once in two weeks. 
 
 CURE FOR A SPRAIN IN THE BACK. 
 
 Beat up well four tablespoonfuls of good cider vine- 
 gar with the yolk of an egg ; then add thirty drops of 
 oil or spirits of turpentine, mix them thoroughly, and 
 drink the whole on going to bed at night. This dose, 
 three times repeated, is said to be an infallible cure. 
 
 FOR ITCHING HEELS. 
 
 Take tallow and rub the heels with it hot by the fire 
 at night on going to bed three or four times, and they 
 will not trouble you. 
 
 TO DISPERSE ANY TUMOR OR LUMP. 
 
 Take one drachm of hydrodate of potash and two 
 ounces of hogs' lard, mix well in a mortar, and rub the 
 part affected. Try it. 
 
 MALIGNANT SCARLET EEVER. 
 
 Remedy. — Emetic in the commencement and a gentle 
 purge, a tincture ; take two tablespoonfuls of cayenne 
 pepper, a teaspoonful of salt, add half a pint of boiling 
 water, in fifteen minutes after add half a pint of vine- 
 gar; let it stand an hour, then strain through a fine 
 cloth ; give two tablespoonfuls every half hour ; do not 
 
EECIPES. 539 
 
 neglect to bathe the feet in warm water, with a little ley 
 added. For a poultice use the carrot scraped; add a 
 strong decoction of spikenard root, and stir in Indian 
 meal; add a littlepulverized charcoal and gunpowder; 
 or make a poultice of yeast, one gill; milk, one pint, 
 blood-warm; stir in fine slippery elm bark. Again: 
 Take blood root pulverized, one teaspoonful ; add half a 
 pint of boiling water ; when cool strain ; sweeten with 
 honey. Dose, a teaspoonful for a child from two to four 
 years old; repeat every hour through the day, if the 
 child can bear it ; if the surface becomes broken, wash 
 with the same. 
 
 A SIMPLE REMEDY FOR BLEEDING AT THE LUNGS. 
 
 Tie a garter a little tighter than usual around the 
 right leg, below the knee, and another around the left 
 arm below the shoulder, and take a teaspoonful of com- 
 mon salt in water, (or a small tablespoonful.) 
 
 A CERTAIN CURE FOR SCURVY. 
 
 Take two parts of flour of brimstone, and one part of 
 cream of tartar. Mix them well together, and take a 
 teaspoonful every morning, fasting, in sweet milk. Milk 
 is the only thing it ought to be taken in, and at the 
 same time take twice a day two tablespoonfuls of my 
 Sarsaparilla Syrup, and you can depend on a cure. 
 
 ST. VITUS' DANCE, HYSTERICS, ETC. 
 
 Take Peruvian bark 6 drachms. 
 
 Virginia snake root 2 " 
 
 And a sufficient quantity of the syrup of piony to make 
 a soft electuary. Dose, one drachm, after proper physic 
 
540 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 has been given, every morning and evening for three 
 months. This receipt was handed to me by an old lady, 
 a friend of mine, to put in my work. 
 
 MEDICAL OR ROOT BEER 
 
 Take Sassafras root q. s. 
 
 Burdock root q. s. 
 
 Wild cherry bark q. s. 
 
 Black elderroot q. s. 
 
 Spicewood, or fever bush q. s. 
 
 Make a strong decoction by boiling several hours, strain, 
 sweeten well with molasses or honey ; then add, when it 
 is blood-warm, sufficient yeast to ferment it. In a short 
 time, or as soon as it commences fermenting, it is fit for 
 use. By adding a little ginger or hops it will be found 
 much better. This may be freely used as a diet drink. 
 It is very pleasant, and is excellent to prevent disease, 
 and keep the system in a healthy state, and it is grateful 
 and cooling in all kinds of fevers. 
 * 
 
 LIQUID LINIMENT RECOMMENDED FOR WHITE SWELLING. 
 
 Take the marrow of three hogs' jowls. 
 
 Black drops ; 3 .«<..1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 1 gill. 
 
 Sugar lead 1 drachm. 
 
 Borax i 
 
 Camphor J ounce. 
 
 Spirits of turpentine I " 
 
 Mix together and apply. 
 
RECIPES. 541 
 
 SELECTED EECIPES. 
 
 HEAT OF URINE. 
 
 From various causes persons are afflicted with heat 
 and scalding of urine. It often proceeds from veneral 
 diseases ; but it may arise from various other causes, 
 from inflammation of the kidneys, uterus, gravel, etc. 
 Cooling and mucilaginous drinks must be taken for this 
 complaint. A half teaspoonful of the diuretic drops 
 may be taken in half a pint of spearmint tea. The mu- 
 cilage of elm bark is very 'good. A cooling and spare 
 diet should only be taken, and all heating kinds of food 
 or drinks should be avoided. Buttermilk is an excellent 
 article for this complaint. 
 
 SOAP LINIMENT OR LIQUID OPODELDOC. 
 
 Take Castile soap 1 ounce. 
 
 Oil sassafras 1 " 
 
 Camphor 1 " 
 
 Spts. hartshorn 1 " 
 
 Alcohol 1 " 
 
 This is used for diseases of the throat and tonsils. 
 
 STICKING, OR ADHESIVE PLASTER. 
 
 Take of common plaster ten ounces ; white resin two 
 ounces ; melt them together and make a plaster. This 
 is the plaster used in dressing recent wounds. It sup- 
 plies the place of the surgeon's needle and stitch, and 
 this is used in cuts, from a simple cut finger to an am- 
 putated thigh. 
 
542 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 TAR OINTMENT. 
 
 Take of tar, one-half pound ; mutton suet, one-half 
 pound; melt them together and strain. It has been 
 successfully employed in some eruptions of the skin, es- 
 pecially scald head. 
 
 CARROT POULTICE. 
 
 Boiled carrots, one pound; flour, one ounce; butter, 
 half an ounce. Mix with a little hot water, so as to 
 form a poultice. This will be found a valuable applica- 
 tion to ulcerated sores, swellings and scrofulous ulcers of 
 an irritable kind. 
 
 NORTHERN REMEDY FOR DEAFNESS. 
 
 In the north of Europe the following remedy for deaf- 
 ness is very generally used, and is said to be attended 
 with great success. After well syringing the ears so as 
 to free them from wax, fifteen drops of liquid laudanum 
 are poured into each, and a cake composed of three parts 
 of rye flour, and one part of finely pounded juniper ber- 
 ries, mixed up with a sufficient quantity of vinegar, 
 being made and baked, when the patient is ready for 
 bed the hot cake is split in two and applied over each 
 ear, well covered with flannels. By this means the head 
 is kept in a continued and free perspiration for several 
 hours, and on the removing of the cake the hearing is 
 commonly found restored. To prevent, however, any 
 ill effects from too sudden exposure to the air, the ears, 
 face, and head are bathed with Eiga balsam, but when 
 that is not at hand, Hungary, or lavender water, or any 
 
RECIPES. 543 
 
 spirits, with or without camphor, may be substituted to 
 prevent catching cold. A little cotton, too, moistened 
 with the spirits, may be advantageously put into each 
 ear. If at any time the first application should not 
 answer, a second trial, or even a third must be made, as 
 it seldom or never finally fails to succeed when duly per- 
 sisted in. 
 
 FOX-GLOVE JUICE FOR DEAFNESS. 
 
 Bruise in a marble mortar the flowers, leaves, and 
 stalks of fresh fox-glove, and mixing the juice with 
 double the quantity of brandy, keep it for use. The 
 herb flowers in June, and the juice thus prepared, will 
 keep good till the return of that season. 
 
 The method of using it is, to drop every night in the 
 ear a single drop, and then moisten a bit of lint with a 
 little of the juice, put that also in the ear, and take it 
 out next morning, till the cure be completed. 
 
 REMEDY FOR THE DYSPEPSIA. 
 
 Take a quart of good whisky, to which add two 
 ounces of copperas, finely powdered. Take a tablespoon- 
 ful of this preparation three times a day. The above 
 has proved of infinite service to dyspeptic persons. 
 
 FOR SORE MOUTH IN CHILDREN. 
 
 Take of cohush root, sage, and kircuma root, each 
 equal parts, to which add a small quantity of the clover 
 plaster, and a little water sweetened with honey. Wash 
 the mouth with it occasionally. 
 
544 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 CURE FOR THE CRAMP. 
 
 In Italy, as an infallible cure, a new cork is cut in 
 thin slices, and a ribbon, passed through the centre of 
 them, tied round the affected limb, laying the corks flat 
 on the skin. While thus worn, they prevent any return 
 of the cramp. 
 
 Take the leaves of the tender buds of rue, cut quite 
 small, about a gill ; the same quantity of large or com- 
 mon garden box, cut small, to which add nine leaves of 
 red sage, fair, and without blemish, cut small in the same 
 manner. Take a half pint of new wheat flour, and 
 about a tablespoonful of yeast ; mix it with the herbs in 
 the manner of dough ; let it lie about half an hour, then 
 bake or boil it over the coals; take one-third of this 
 quantity every morning in new milk. This is the quanti- 
 ty for a man or woman, and the same for a sheep, hog, 
 or dog ; but for a cow or horse, the quantity of rue and 
 box must be doubled, but only nine leaves of the sage ; 
 give it in milk or some other liquid. Half this quantity 
 of box and rue will answer for a colt or calf, but there 
 must be nine leaves of the sage. Half the quantity of 
 rue and box will answer for a child, but there must be 
 nine leaves of the sage. Webb mentions his father having 
 cured some men after they were mad. In those cases he 
 took a teacupful, the quantity first named, of rue and 
 box each, with nine leaves of the sage, boiled them well 
 in a pint of milk, and gave it as soon as possible. 
 
 FOR CORNS. 
 
 Make a plaster of equal parts Canada balsam and 
 
RECIPES. 545 
 
 yolks of eggs ; apply three times. It seldom fails curing 
 the first time. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take peach leaves and make a strong decoction ; then 
 make a poultice by putting in rye or cornmeal, and ap- 
 ply it to the corns. This is recommended. 
 
 CURE FOR A WEN. 
 
 Boil a pound of lead in a quart of water for an hour 
 or two, then mix the water with the whites of six eggs ; 
 mix together, and bind it on the wen with a cloth. It 
 is said to be a perfect cure. 
 
 CORNS AND WARTS, 
 
 May be effectually and easily removed and cured by 
 daily touching them with a little nitric acid, just enough 
 to kill them, not to eat them and make them sore. This 
 can be done by sharpening a splint of wood to a point, 
 dipping it into the acid, and touching the top of the wart 
 or corn, until you can pull it out by the root with a pair 
 of tweezers. 
 
 SUCCESSFUL TREATMENT OP FROZEN LIMBS IN RUSSIA. 
 
 This remedy was warm goose grease, and was not ap- 
 plied, as Mr. Eaton says, in the case of which he was an 
 eye-witness, until the second day after frozen. The frost- 
 bitten parts had by that time become quite black and 
 gangrenous. They were well smeared with that oint- 
 ment, and the operation often repeated. The directions 
 were, not to permit the parts to be dry, but always 
 covered with grease. The consequence was, that by de- 
 35 
 
546 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 grees the circulation extended lower down, the blackness 
 decreased till the toes were nearly discolored, and at 
 length circulation was restored to them. This is the 
 general practice of the Kussian peasants. But if a part 
 is discovered to be frozen before the person conies into a 
 warm room, the frost may be extracted by only plunging 
 the part in cold water or rubbing it with snow until the 
 circulation returns. I always use my All-Healing Lini- 
 ment. 
 
 SICK HEADACHE. 
 
 Mix a tablespoonful of ginger and a lump of loaf 
 sugar in a tumbler about two-thirds full of warm water, 
 and drink it. Bathe the feet for a quarter of an hour in 
 warm water, and apply a cloth, wrung out of cold water, 
 to the forehead or temples, which may appear the most 
 affected. 
 
 FOR FLUX. 
 
 Take a new laid egg, and the white and yellow togeth- 
 er, then with some wheat flour, make a kind of a cake, 
 and while you are making the dough, grate a little nut- 
 meg amongst it, and a spoonful of allspice, (ground.) 
 The dough being well kneaded, and the whole well worked 
 and stirred, bake this cake between ashes, then give it 
 hot, just out of the fire, to the patient. They mu*st, 
 while eating it, drink two or three times either of wine 
 or gin. But when my All-Healing Liniment can be 
 had, and used according to direc tions, it will prove the 
 surest, safest, and quickest remedy ever applied, particu- 
 larly if used in the commencement. It is a certain cure. 
 
KECIPES. 547 
 
 TO STOP BLEEDING AT THE NOSE. 
 
 Put one drop of vinegar in the ear on the side that the 
 nose is bleeding, and it will stop. This is said to be a 
 certain remedy. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take beth root, crane bill, pulverized, and snuff up 
 the nose. They should be gathered, dried, and kept on 
 hand. 
 
 FOR TUMORS AND INFLAMMATION OF THE BREASTS OF WOMEN. 
 
 Take a handful of the plantain and mallow leaves, 
 boil them in a sufficient quantity of rose water until it is 
 consumed to a thickness ; then add two ounces of barley 
 flour, and a few drops of the oil of roses, and make a 
 plaster and apply. 
 
 GREEN MOUNTAIN SALVE. 
 
 Take Kosin 2 pounds. 
 
 Beeswax i " 
 
 Mutton tallow 
 
 Balsam fir 1 ounce 
 
 Oil hemlock 
 
 Oil origanum 
 
 Oil red cedar 
 
 Oil Venice turpentine 
 
 Oil verdegris 2 " 
 
 Melt this compound together slowly, and when not too 
 warm, add the verdegris, finely pulverized, and mixed 
 with oils; put all together, mix well, then pour into cold 
 water, and work like wax ; roll into rolls about three 
 inches long and three-fourths of an inch in thickness. 
 
548 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 FOR WORMS. 
 
 Take Wormseed oil J ounce 
 
 Castor oil 1| " 
 
 Jalap 3 grains 
 
 Fern root, pulverized, 10 " 
 
 Skunk cabbage root, pulverized, 5 " 
 
 Mix. Shake well before using it. Dose, from one-half 
 to a teaspoonful once a day, for three or four days. 
 
 Another : G-ive a teaspoonful of flaxseed oil, for nine 
 mornings in succession to a child ; a tablespoonful to an 
 adult. 
 
 EXPEDITIOUS AND EFFECTUAL CURE FOR ST. ANTHONY'S FIRE. 
 
 Take equal parts of fine spirits or oil of turpentine, 
 and highly rectified spirits of wine, mix them well to- 
 gether, and anoint the part gently with a feather dipped 
 in it immediately after shaking the bottle. Do this often, 
 taking care not to approach the eyes, and it will gener- 
 ally effect a cure in a day or two ; for though it seems at 
 first to infiame, it actually softens and heals. This recipe 
 is transcribed from a valuable collection. 
 
 GENUINE RECIPE FOR MAKING THE INVALUABLE CORDIAL 
 LIQUOR, VESPETRO, RECOMMENDED BY THE LATE KING OF 
 FRANCE, PHYSICIAN, IN ALL COMPLAINTS OF THE STOMACH, 
 INDIGESTION, VOMITING, COLIC, OBSTRUCTIONS, STRANGUARY, 
 VERTIGO, RHEUMATISM, SHORTNESS OF BREATH, ETC. 
 
 Take a thick glass or stone bottle that will hold con- 
 siderably more than two quarts, and put in it two quarts 
 of the best brandy, adding the following seeds: One 
 
RECIPES. 549 
 
 ounce of coriander, and a large pinch of each of fennel 
 and annise seeds ; two drachms of angelica seed ; then 
 squeeze in the juice of two fresh lemons; putting in also 
 thin yellow rinds ; add a pound of loaf sugar, and well 
 shaking the bottle from time to time ; let the whole in- 
 fuse for five days, in order to clear the liquor; then strain 
 it through a cotton bag or filtered paper, and bottle it 
 up carefully, and closely corked. It must be taken, a 
 small wineglassful at a time, more or less often, accord- 
 ing to circumstances. A tablespoonful taken for four or 
 five successive mornings, is said to kill the worms in 
 children ; and on rubbing with a small quantity, the nose 
 and temples, fasting, it serves as a preservative against 
 the ill effects of damp or unwholesome air. 
 
 FOR THE WHOOPING COUGH. 
 
 Make an ointment of the essential oils of elder, cara- 
 way and rosemary, mixed with rose leaves and chamo- 
 mile flowers, and rub the pit of the stomach with it on 
 going to bed. This is said to be an effectual remedy. 
 
 FOR EPILEPSY. 
 
 Cut open the first young swallow you find in the first 
 net; and you will find in their entrails two small stones, 
 one of which is all one color, and the other of several 
 colors ; don't let them touch the ground ; shut them up 
 in a piece of soft goat or deer skin, and tie them on the 
 arm and neck of the patient, and it will cure the epi- 
 lepsy. Since this has come into my hands, I have not 
 had a chance to try it, but it is certainly worthy of trial. 
 
550 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 NESS, HYSTERICS, AND EVEN ST. VITUS' DANCE. 
 
 Take six drachms of powdered Peruvian bark, two 
 drachms of pulverized Virginia snake root, and a suffi- 
 cient quantity of syrup of piomy to make it up into a 
 soft electuary. This is said, by a celebrated physician, 
 to have been experimentally found a most prevalent and 
 certain remedy. One drachm of this electuary, after 
 proper evacuation having been had, being given to grown 
 persons, and a less dose to those who are younger, every 
 morning and evening for three or four months, and then 
 repeated three or four days before the change and full 
 of the moon, absolutely eradicates epileptic and hysteria 
 diseases, and also those strange epileptic saltations called 
 St. Vitus' dance. 
 
 TO STOP PUKING. 
 
 Give as much Poland starch as can conveniently be 
 taken, or take a handful of meadow grass, pound it 
 fine, and add water to it, and let it be pressed ; then give 
 as much as a gill once in half an hour ; repeat till you 
 have accomplished your object. The first is the best 
 remedy in the world. 
 
 FOR STRENGTHENING THE LEGS AND PEET. 
 
 Make a decoction of sage, rosemary, thyme, lavender, 
 chamomile flowers and meloit, stewed in white or red 
 wine ; or, else make some ley with oak leaves, a little 
 vinegar and a handful of salt. This decoction has the 
 
RECIPES. 551 
 
 virtue to subtilize, (attenuate cuts,) resolves, dissipate 
 and drys up the gross and vicious humors. 
 
 TO REMOVE MARKS. 
 
 Take Gum camphor 4 ounces. 
 
 Borax 4 " 
 
 Sugar 4 " 
 
 White lilly 4 « 
 
 Saltpetre 4 " 
 
 Flaxseed 1 " 
 
 Mayweed 8 " 
 
 Pole beans 16 " 
 
 And 4 lemons. 
 
 Add spirits to cover ; either pure spirits or brandy ; put 
 all in a bottle; put in a warm place for seven days, 
 stopped tight, and wash the places marked ; and then 
 grease the parts with an oil made of mallows. Take 
 alum, pulverized, a tablespoonful , the whites of two 
 eggs; mix and beat well together, and grease with it 
 after washing ; do this every day till well, which is said 
 not to be long. I have not tried it. 
 
 TO REMOVE FRECKLES. 
 
 Filla bottle with wild tansy herb and flowers; then 
 fill up with soft water ; set it in the sun, or any equal 
 degree of heat ; then add a little wine, wash the face or 
 hands twice a day for three or four days, and the freckles 
 will disappear. 
 
 TO EXTRACT WARTS. 
 
 Take equal quantities of soap and spittle; mix and 
 make a plaster of it, and apply it on the warts, and 
 
552 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 leave it on twenty-four hours. Then the wart will come 
 off with the plaster. This is said to be a certain cure. 
 
 FOR WARTS ON THE HANDS. 
 
 Pound horse-raddish roots, and wash the hands with it 
 two or three times a day, and the warts will disappear. 
 
 AGAINST DEAFNESS. 
 
 Take the inside of a cabbage head and bruise it, and 
 express the juice by squeezing it ; and of this juice put a 
 few drops into the ear. This is said to be excellent. 
 
 A SURE REMEDY FOR SORE NIPPLES. 
 
 "When the child stops sucking, apply a plaster of 
 Canada balsam or tamarack. This cures in less than a 
 week. Or apply a tincture of lobelia as a wash ; or take 
 cabbage leaves, wilt them over the fire and apply a half 
 dozen at a time on the breast. Repeat three or four 
 times. 
 
 CONTRACTED JOINT. 
 
 Take a new egg, and blow all the white out ; then put 
 the yellow into a cup and beat it well, adding, by a spoon- 
 ful at a time, three ounces of pure water ; first bathe the 
 parts afflicted with my All-Healing Liniment ; rub the 
 sinews and the joints affected with the egg ointment 
 once or twice a day, and wrap a linen rag round the 
 joint, and so continue till cured. 
 
 FELON. 
 
 Bathe the part affected in ashes and water ; then take 
 the yolk of an egg ; six drops of the spirits of turpentine ; 
 
RECIPES. 553 
 
 a few beat leaves cut fine ; a small quantity of hard soap ; 
 one teaspoonful of burnt salt; one of Indian meal, and 
 one of snuff; mix them well together and lay it on the 
 part. It never fails effecting a cure. After it is broke, 
 use my All-Healing Liniment. 
 
 TO PREVENT THE ILL EFFECTS OF DRINKING COLD WATER. 
 
 Dissolve half an ounce of camphor in a gill of brandy ; 
 divide this into three doses, and give them at intervals of 
 three minutes ; and it is said it will soon give relief. But 
 there is nothing in the world so certain as my All-Heal- 
 ing Liniment. 
 
 FOR THE PALSY. 
 
 Take two young dogs whose eyes are not open, and 
 who are eight days old ; put them alive into an earthen 
 pot, with a quart of white wine ; then put in betony, 
 sage, rosemary, hyssop, wormwood, chamomile and 
 melilet leaves, a layer of each, sufficient to cover each 
 other. Then add a sufficient quantity of lard, say a 
 pound ; cover the pot well, and put it into an oven, or 
 over a fire, for about one hour and a half; then strain it 
 like a jelly. On opening the pot, however, first add a 
 pint of brandy before straining and rub the affected part. 
 Make use of it as hot as the patient can bear it. This 
 was highly recommended to me. I have never tried it. 
 
 SIMPLE FRENCH REMEDY FOR SWELLED FACE. 
 
 Put a quarter of a pound of fresh butter into a small 
 saucepan, over a gentle fire, and when it begins to melt, 
 add two tablespoonfuls of rose water, stirring and min- 
 gling them all together. Rub the affected part with this 
 
554 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ointment quite hot, three or four times a day, till the 
 swelling entirely disappears. 
 
 STRAWBERRY BRANDY FOR THE STONE AND GRAVEL. 
 
 The following is considered by many persons as an 
 efficacious remedy for these afflicting complaints : Fill 
 a large bottle, four parts out of five, with fresh-gathered 
 strawberries, adding as much Havana or loaf sugar as 
 will make it pleasant; then fill up with the best brandy, 
 or good rum. When it has stood for six weeks it is fit 
 for use. A glass of this cordial, it is said, will give im- 
 mediate relief in the severest fit, and a continuance of 
 its use entirely cures the patient. Pour off the first in- 
 fusion at the expiration of six weeks, and the same 
 strawberries will make a second quantity, the bottle 
 being filled up with brandy or rum, suffered to stand two 
 months and then strained off by pressure of the fruit. 
 
 AN EXCELLENT WASH FOR BENUMBED OR TREMBLING HANDS. 
 
 These disagreeable complaints are said to be soon 
 remedied by the simple expedient of frequently washing 
 the hands so affected in a strong decoction of worm- 
 wood and mustard seed, to be strained and/used when 
 cold 
 
 FOR WORMS. 
 
 Nothing is better than the worms that comes from the 
 child, dried on a tile, pounded and given to the child. 
 It dispels all the worms. There are many house -women 
 that know that. 
 
RECIPES. 555 
 
 FOR DEAFNESS AND DIZZINESS. 
 
 Peal garlic, dip it in honey, and put it in the ear with a 
 little black wool, lie with the ear uppermost ; put the 
 same in the other ear the next night. Do this if neces- 
 sary eight or ten nights. 
 
 LINIMENT OF OIL AND LIME. 
 
 Take Linseed oil 1 pint. 
 
 Lime water 1 " 
 
 Mix. This liniment is extremely useful in burns and 
 scalds, and is efficacious in preventing inflammation af- 
 ter such accidents. It is very handy and excellent in all 
 slight burns. 
 
 TINCTURE OF BALSAM T0LU. 
 
 Balsam tolu 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 1 pound. 
 
 Digest till the balsam be dissolved, and strain; mix 
 with simple syrup of sugar. It forms an elegant prepa- 
 ration, called syrup of balsam. This, with the elixir 
 paregoric in equal parts, is an excellent remedy for night 
 coughs and consumption. 
 
 TINCTURE OF BARK. 
 
 Peruvian "bark 2 ounces. 
 
 Orange peel, dried A " 
 
 Virginia snake root, bruised 3 drachms. 
 
 Saffron 1 " 
 
 Proof spirit (rum) 2 pounds. 
 
 Steep fourteen days and strain. This is a good prepara- 
 
556 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 tion of the bark taken as bitters, a teaspoonful to a glass 
 of wine before eating. It is extremely useful in low 
 fevers. 
 
 TINCTURE OF GUAIAC. 
 
 Gum guaiac 1 pound. 
 
 Alcohol 1\ « 
 
 Steep seven days and strain. Taken in doses of a tea- 
 spoonful in spirits. It is a powerful stimulating, sweat- 
 ing remedy in rheumatic and old gouty affections. 
 
 the famous balm of gilead oil, — A speedy and incom- 
 parable remedy for broken shins and other green wounds, 
 burns, bruises, etc. 
 
 This excellent family oil, which should be kept in 
 every house, is made in the following simple manner : 
 Put loosely into a bottle of any size, as many balm of 
 Gilead buds or flowers, as will reach to about one-third 
 part of its height; then nearly fill up the bottle with 
 good sweet oil, and after shaking it a little occasionally 
 and letting it infuse a day or two it is fit for use. It 
 must be very closely stopped, and will then not only 
 keep for years, but be the better for keeping. "When it 
 is about half used the bottle may again be filled with 
 oil and well shaken, and in two or three days it will be 
 as good as at first. The most alarming cuts and bruises 
 of the skin which are so frequently rendered worse by 
 spirituous balsam salves, etc., are completely cured in a 
 few days, and sometimes in a few hours, by this incom- 
 parable oil. 
 
 Godfrey's cordial. 
 
 Take opium, half an ounce; oil of sassafras, one 
 drachm ; spirits of wine, two ounces. Dissolve the 
 
RECIPES. 557 
 
 opium and oil in the wine, and then take molasses, four 
 pounds ; boiling water, one gallon, Mix, and when cool 
 mix both solutions, and bottle it for use. Dose, a tea- 
 spoonful. 
 
 THE ELIXIR OF TANZY. 
 
 Take Valerian (imported.) 2 ounces. 
 
 Khubarb 9 " 
 
 Columbo 2 « 
 
 Gentain v 2 " 
 
 "Wormwood herb 4 " 
 
 Liquor 1 gallon. 
 
 Digest for eight days, shake often, strain, and add loaf 
 sugar, two pounds ; then bottle for use. This is most 
 excellent for debilitated and nervous females. 
 
 ELIXIR PAREGORIC. 
 
 Purified opium 1 drachm. 
 
 Flowers of Benzoin 1 " 
 
 Camphor 2 scruples. 
 
 Oil of anise 1 drachm. 
 
 Proof spirits 1 quart. 
 
 Digest for ten days and strain. This has been called 
 elixir asthmatic. It relieves coughs and the bowel com- 
 plaints of children. 
 
 CORDIALS. 
 
 1st. If a person is troubled with a looseness of the 
 bowels, make a strong tea of red raspberry leaves ; add 
 to one quart of the tea two ounces of peach-meats, 
 pounded; half an ounce of myrrh, powdered; four oun- 
 ces of loaf sugar, and one gill of cognac brandy. Bot- 
 tle it and it is fit for use. Take a wineglassful two or 
 three times a day. 
 
558 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 2d. If a cordial is needed to relieve costiveness, make 
 a strong tea of quaking asp bark, and thoroughwort, 
 equal parts of each, to which add five ounces of loaf 
 sugar and one gill of gin. When the stomach is cold, 
 add to each bottle two teaspoonfuls of American cay- 
 enne. 
 
 3d. In cases where the appetite is small and the di- 
 gestion bad, make a strong tea of black birch bark. To 
 one quart add two ounces of peach -meats, pounded ; one 
 teaspoonful of American cayenne ; four ounces of loaf 
 sugar, and a gill of cognac brandy. Take three wine 
 glassfuls in a day. Shake the bottle well before you pour 
 it out. 
 
 4th. To relieve the bowels of cold, etc., take yellow 
 dock root, dandelion root, and the leaves of lovage, of 
 each equal parts ; add half as much saffron ; boil them 
 together and strain off the tea. To each bottle add five 
 ounces of loaf sugar, and one gill of gin. Take a wine 
 glassful three times a day. There are scarcely any com- 
 plaints where one or the other of these cordials may not 
 be used to advantage. Where peach-meats cannot be 
 obtained, the meats of cherry-stones, or bitter almonds, 
 may be used, adding two ounces to each bottle. 
 
 FOR THE AGUE. 
 
 This disagreeable disorder may be effectually cured by 
 the following prescription, and that, too, in the short 
 space of two or three days, if properly attended to : 
 
 First, cleanse the stomach and bowels by an emetic and 
 cathartic, and then take of peruvian bark, two ounces ; 
 rhubarb, one ounce; columbo, pulverized, one-fourth 
 ounce; cayenne, ten grains; cloves, pulverized, ten 
 
RECIPES. 559 
 
 grains ; mix ; then take French brandy, one pint ; gen- 
 tian, one half ounce ; wormwood, one half ounce. Di- 
 gest for twenty-four hours, and mix with the above, to 
 about the consistence of cream, adding three table- 
 spoonsful of honey. Dose, for an adult, from a half to 
 a whole wineglassful four or five times a day ; for chil- 
 dren half the quantity. 
 
 WORM OIL. 
 
 Take Castor oil 1 ounce. 
 
 Wormseed oil 1 " 
 
 Anise oil 1 " 
 
 Tincture myrrh 1 " 
 
 Mix and warm to the temperature of milk. Dose, for 
 an adult, a large teaspoonful three or four times a day. 
 For children, give in proportion to their age ; on the 
 third day give a portion of mandrake physic. 
 
 for mercurial rheumatism. — Recipe of Dr. John Wil- 
 liams' last legacy to the world, and recommended. 
 
 In this disease take prince's pine tops, horse-radish 
 roots, elecampane roots, prickley ash bark, bitter sweet 
 bark roots, wild cherry bark, mustard seed, a small hand- 
 ful of each. Make a decoction and drink ; put one gill 
 of tar water into one pint of brandy, or the same pro- 
 portion ; drink a small glassful before eating, three times 
 a day. 
 
 I make the syrup by taking a quantity of all the above 
 articles, covering them with good spirits; letting them 
 stand for three days ; then add water, and boil to get out 
 the strength, keeping the materials covered with water. 
 After boiling some five or six hours, I press out all I can, 
 
560 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 and reduce it to one-third ; then strain it in a clean ves- 
 sel ; let it stand twenty-four hours ; then strain it of the 
 sediments, and add equal quantity of loaf sugar, and the 
 whites of two eggs to every gallon ; bring it to a slow 
 boil ; scum off all that arises, then pour it in a clean 
 vessel to cool. When cool, bottle for use by adding half 
 an ounce of the hydrodate of potash to each quart bot- 
 tle. Dose, a tablespoonful from three to five times a day. 
 
 THE TRUE DAFFY'S ELIXIR. 
 
 Take five ounces of anise seed, three ounces of fennel 
 seed, four ounces of parsley seed, six ounces of Spanish 
 liquorice, -five ounces of senna, one ounce of rhubarb, 
 three ounces of elecampane root, seven ounces of jalap, 
 twenty-one drachms of saffron or ginger, six ounces of 
 manna, two pounds of raisins, a quarter of an ounce 
 cochineal, and two gallons brandy. Stone the raisins, 
 slice the roots, and bruise the jalap. Then mix the whole 
 together, and after letting them stand closely covered 
 for fifteen days, strain off* the elixir. The stuff com- 
 monly sold in the shops for this elixir is little more than 
 an infusion of anise seed, liquorice, and jalap, in the 
 coarsest, fiery spirits, reduced with common water. 
 
 OINTMENT FOR WHITE SWELLING. 
 
 Take of lard, one pint ; copperas, two drachms ; alum, 
 two drachms; tar, one quart. Boil and skim until it 
 gets clear on the top. Spread it on thin sheep or buck- 
 skin, and apply it twice in twenty-four hours. Then 
 take of corrosive sublimate and gun powder, of each 
 equal parts, and put as much of the mixture as will lay 
 on the point of a small case knife into a pint of tanzy 
 tea, of which take a teaspoonful every morning. 
 
RECIPES. 561 
 
 KECIPES 
 
 FROM DR. BEACH'S "FAMILY PHYSICIAN." 
 
 ALTERATIVE SYRUP. 
 
 Take of American or foreign sarsaparilla 6 pounds 
 
 Guaiacum shavings 3 " 
 
 Sassafras root bark 2 " 
 
 Elder flowers 2 " 
 
 Burdock root 2 " 
 
 Add one gallon of cheap spirits and one gallon of water ; 
 boil, and pour oif the liquid ; then add water repeatedly, 
 and boil till the strength is obtained; strain, and reduce 
 to sixteen porter bottlesful; then add twenty-five pounds 
 of clarified sugar. Let it stand twenty-four hours to 
 settle ; pour off, and bottle for use. 
 
 The sugar may be clarified by adding to it half its 
 weight of water, then a few eggs, and boiling till no 
 more scum rises. Dose, a wineglassful three times a 
 day. 
 
 This syrup, the alterative, we use in a great variety of 
 cases. In symphilitic or venereal diseases, rheumatism, 
 and chronic inflammation of the liver, we could not dis- 
 pense with it ; we also use it in the treatment of scrofula, 
 which presents itself in so many shapes. In some of the 
 cutaneous diseases, we find it very effectual; in every 
 species of ulcer it is also valuable — white swelling, ne- 
 crosis, rickets, salt rheum, or herpes, and, in short, we 
 have found it very useful in every taint of the system, 
 from whatever cause it may arise. It appears to act upon 
 36 
 
562 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 all the secretions and excretions. A tea of yellow dock 
 may be taken with it ; half an ounce of the hydrodate 
 of potash to every bottleful is a valuable addition. 
 
 MANDRAKE PILL. 
 
 Take of Extract of mandrake 2 parts 
 
 Capsicum 1 " 
 
 Mix ; form into pills common size. Dose, three or four 
 every night, or sufficient to regulate the bowels. Excel- 
 lent for liver, bilious, dropsical, dyspeptic, and nervous 
 complaints. 
 
 PILL FOR CHRONIC BRONCHITIS AND ASTHMA. 
 
 "The following preparation," says a physician, "may 
 almost be called a specific for the cure of chronic bron- 
 chitis. I have used it," says he, " in several cases, and 
 performed cures in each. Make a pill of tar, loaf sugar, 
 and pulverized skunk cabbage root ; take one every one, 
 two, or three hours, as they agree with the stomach, and 
 continue daily till cured, which, in my cases, was from 
 four to six weeks." 
 
 HYDRAGOGUE PILL. 
 
 Take of Jalap 1 scruple 
 
 Scammony . 1 « 
 
 Gamboge 1 " 
 
 Add mucilage of gum Arabic enough to form into pills. 
 Make sixteen pills. Dose, one every hour. 
 
 This pill has cured the dropsy of the chest, and may 
 be given when other means fail. 
 
RECIPES. 563 
 
 RED, OR STIMULATING PILL. 
 
 Take of cayenne pepper, add sufficient of molasses and 
 flour to form into pills. Useful in dropsy of the chest, 
 asthma, flatulence, indigestion, pain, etc. Dose, give three 
 pills three times a day, or take them occasionally. 
 
 These pills cured a person laboring under dyspepsia 
 when other means had failed. It also cured a case of 
 pain in the breast. 
 
 NERVOUS PILL. 
 
 Take of extract of foreign valerian, extract of chamo- 
 mile, equal parts. Mix, and form into three grain pills, 
 and take three or four a day. Useful in cholera and 
 nervous cases. 
 
 NERVOUS OR HYSTERIC PILL. 
 
 Take of Asfoetida 1 ounce 
 
 Opium 1 " 
 
 Carbonate of ammonia 1 " 
 
 Dissolve the same over a fire, mix, and form into pills of 
 the size of a pea. Dose, one or two. It is useful in 
 hysterics, and all nervous cases. 
 
 HEPATIC PILL. 
 
 Take extract of dandelion ; mandrake, pulverized ; 
 blood root, pulverized ; of each equal parts, or sufficient 
 to make a pill mass ; add a few drops of essential oil, 
 peppermint, or spearmint, and form into common sized 
 pills. Take three, night and morning. 
 
564 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 This is an extraordinary remedy for the liver com- 
 plaint. It generally soon removes the pain in the side, 
 shoulder, etc., and is excellent in jaundice and affections 
 of the kidneys. The irritating plaster should be worn 
 over the seat of the disease. An amendment is sure to 
 follow their use in a few days. 
 
 CROTON PILL. 
 
 Take of Croton oil 2 drops 
 
 Extract of rhubarb or mandrake 1 drachm 
 
 Form into twelve pills, and take two or three every night. 
 They will keep the bowels regular without debility. 
 
 IPECAC PILL. 
 
 Add molasses or mucilage of gum Arabic, and form 
 into pills the size of a pea. Dose, one or two, three 
 times a day. Good for fever, dyspepsia, etc. 
 
 RHEUMATIC PILL. 
 
 Inspissated juice of poke, gum turpentine, gum 
 guaiacum, pulverized ; mix all, melt, and strain. When 
 sufficiently cool, form into pills common size. Dose, 
 three, morning, noon, and night. Excellent for rheuma- 
 tism. 
 
 ASTRINGENT PLASTER. 
 
 Take of white oak bark a sufficient quantity ; macer- 
 ate it in cold water one day, then put it into a boiler and 
 evaporate till an extract is obtained. It is useful in 
 hernia or rupture. To be spread on a soft piece of leather 
 and applied over the rupture, after which a truss must 
 be worn. 
 
RECIPES. 565 
 
 IRRITATING PLASTER. 
 
 Substitute for MeNair's, and far superior. The follow- 
 ing plaster is an admirable preparation for chronic and 
 painful complaints, for the liver, spine, and other dis- 
 eases. I find that it is a substitute for MdSTair's counter- 
 irritating plaster, and altogether better. Mr. Drury B. 
 Boyd, from Kentucky, informs me that he has worn it 
 on his side for a complaint of his liver, with excellent 
 effect. It produces some irritation and a slight discharge. 
 
 Take of good thick tar, a pound; gum turpentine, 
 half a pound ; burgundy pitch, half a pound ; beeswax, 
 half a pound. Melt, strain, and boil a few minutes ; 
 then remove from the fire, and stir in as it cools, the fol- 
 lowing articles, finely pulverized, mixed, and sifted, viz : 
 three ounces each of poke root, mandrake, blood root, 
 and Indian turnip. Keep stirring occasionally till the 
 whole mass is uniformly incorporated. 
 
 Directions. — Spread on a piece of soft leather and place 
 over the part affected. Keep it on as long as can be 
 borne, then remove, and put it on again in a day or two. 
 If the itching proves too troublesome, occasionally re- 
 move and wash the parts with water or spirits. 
 
 This plaster brings out pustules or eruptions like the 
 small-pox, and causes a discharge of matter. It appears 
 superior to all other plasters. I should recommend those 
 who have obstinate ulcers to apply the irritating plaster. 
 
 DIURETIC DROPS. 
 
 Take of Sweet spirits of nitre 2 ounces 
 
 Balsam of copaiba 1 u 
 
 Oil of almonds 2 " 
 
 Spirits of turpentine 1 " 
 
566 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Mix those together, and add one scruple of camphor. 
 Dose, a small teaspoonful, given in mucilage of gum 
 Arabic or herb tea, three or four times a day. 
 
 The drops are successfully administered in cases of 
 scalding of urine, whether arising from syphilitic or 
 other complaints. In inflammation of the kidneys they 
 give prompt relief. 
 
 BLACK DROPS. 
 
 The black drop was originally prepared, upward of 
 one hundred years ago, by Ewd. Toustall, a practitioner, 
 of the Society of Friends, in England. The recipe passed 
 into the hands of a relative, and was finally published. 
 
 Take of Opium J pound 
 
 Vinegar 3 pints 
 
 Nutmeg 1J ounces 
 
 Saffron \ « 
 
 Boil awhile, and then add a quarter of a pound of loaf 
 sugar and two tablespoon sful of yeast; set the whole in 
 a warm place for four or five weeks ; decant, and bottle 
 for use. Dose, from fifteen to fifty drops. 
 
 This, perhaps, is the best form in which opium can be 
 administered as an anodyne. It is given in all cases 
 when an anodyne is indicated. 
 
 COUGH DROPS. 
 
 Take Oil of anise \ drachm 
 
 Oil of almonds J " 
 
 Balsam of fir £ " 
 
 Tincture of balsam tolu J " 
 
 Wine i " 
 
 Mix. Dose, thirty drops three or four times a day. 
 These drops should be given in a little mucilage or tea. 
 
RECIPES. 567 
 
 They assist expectoration in tickling coughs, and afford 
 great relief. 
 
 ANTI-EMETIC DROPS. 
 
 Take Salt 2 ounces 
 
 Capsicum 1 " 
 
 Vinegar 1 quart 
 
 Mix. Dose, a tablespoonful whenever there is great 
 nausea or vomiting. 
 
 A writer says that this compound is the best remedy 
 to stop vomiting that he had ever used. 
 
 MINT, OR SPIRITS OF MINT, LIQUID. 
 
 Take of spearmint, green, bruise, and add a sufficient 
 quantity to saturate a quart of Holland gin. 
 
 This preparation of mint will be found exceedingly 
 useful in the treatment of strangury and retention of 
 urine, arising from stricture in the urethra, and diseases 
 of the prostate gland. It has proved successful when 
 other means have failed. 
 
 The dose must be regulated according to the patient' s 
 habits. Some will require half, others a gill at a time, 
 and repeated every thirty minutes. The patient should 
 take it till it produces relief. This liquid has also been 
 used with the best effects in the treatment of hemor- 
 rhoids, particularly in a state of inflammation ; to be 
 applied on a little cotton. In cases where the green 
 mint cannot be procured, the dry may be used, although 
 it may not be so good. This liquid may also be used, 
 both externally and internally, in cases of severe vomiting. 
 
 MUCILAGES. 
 
 Mucilages are soft, bland substances, made by dis- 
 solving different kinds of gum, or the roots, leaves, or 
 
568 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 other parts which abound with mucilage. Mucilaginous 
 drinks are useful in diseases of the bowels, urinary or- 
 gans, etc. Also to cover any acrid matter, so as to pre- 
 vent its irritating the parts over which it passes. 
 
 MUCILAGE OF GUM ARABIC. 
 
 Take Gum Arabic 4 ounces. 
 
 Boiling water 8 " 
 
 Rub the gum with the water gradually, until it forms a 
 mucilage ; then strain. 
 
 Mucilage of gum Arabic is used in pharmacy, to sus- 
 pend in water, substances insoluble in that liquid ; to dif- 
 fuse oils in water, and for similar purposes. It is some- 
 times employed in the formation of pills. It is very 
 useful in heat and scalding of the water. Dose : Half a 
 wineglassful three or four times a day. 
 
 MUCILAGE OF SLIPPERY ELM. 
 
 Take Slippery elm bark 1 tablespoonful. 
 
 Boiling water 1 quart. 
 
 Let it stand an hour. It is employed in inflammation of 
 the stomach and other diseases. It is useful in bowel 
 complaints generally. 
 
 YEAST POULTICE. 
 
 Take Milk, blood warm 1 pint. 
 
 Yeast 1 gill. 
 
 Stir in fine slippery elm bark to form a poultice. This 
 is a good anti-septic and refrigerant poultice. Applied 
 to gangrenous ulcers, it is more efficacious than any 
 other ; it sooner arrests mortification, used with proper 
 
RECIPES. 569 
 
 auxiliaries. It is also very serviceable in other species of 
 inflammation. 
 
 INDIAN TURNIP POULTICE. 
 
 Take of the tops and roots of Indian turnip, if green ; 
 if dry, the roots only; simmer in water, and add slippery 
 elm bark sufficient to form into a poultice. This poultice 
 is used in the treatment of king's evil or scrofula with 
 the best effect. 
 
 LINSEED POULTICE. 
 
 Take Linseed, powdered 4 ounces. 
 
 Hot water J pint. 
 
 Gradually sprinkle the powder into the water, and stir 
 well together with a spoon. This is a good and con- 
 venient emollient poultice for many cases. It is prefer- 
 able to the bread and milk poultice, so much in use, as 
 it is not so liable to become brittle and hard when dry. 
 It is very useful in carbuncle, obstinate inflammation, etc. 
 
 MUSTARD CATAPLASM. 
 
 Take Mustard, in powder 4 ounces. 
 
 Soft bread, or Indian meal... 6 " 
 
 Vinegar, of the best quality, as much as is sufficient to 
 mix, and make into a cataplasm. This is found to be a 
 good application to the soles of the feet in cases of rheu- 
 matism, gout, inflammatory diseases, fevers, etc. 
 
 GARLIC AND ONION SINAPISM. 
 
 Bruise garlic and raw onions, and apply. Useful in 
 the same diseases as the preceding, in pneumonia or in- 
 flammation of the lungs. 
 
570 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 TINCTURE OF HOPS. 
 
 Saturate alcohol with the pollen of hops. Dose: 
 From one to two teaspoonsful, in milk. Useful in after 
 pains, and in cases where opium cannot he taken. 
 
 TINCTURE OF BALSAM TOLU. 
 
 Take Balsam tolu 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 1 pint. 
 
 Let it stand one week, and filter. This is combined with 
 the compound tincture of senna, for the water-brash. 
 
 COMPOUND TINCTURE OF VALERIAN OR NERVINE. 
 
 Take Skull-cap , 4 ounces. 
 
 American valerian, or ladies' slipper 4 " 
 
 Best French brandy 1 quart. 
 
 Bruise the plants, and add to the brandy. Dose : From 
 a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful occasionally, in sweetened 
 water. This tincture is useful in all nervous diseases. 
 
 BALM OF GILEAD. 
 
 Take Balm of G-ilead buds, bruised 2 ounces. 
 
 The strongest Jamaica spirits 1 quart. 
 
 Digest a few days. Dose: From a teaspoonful to a 
 tablespoonful, mixed with sweetened water. This has 
 benefited many. Excellent for colds, coughs, and pain 
 in the breast. 
 
 PHYSICAL TINCTURE, ELIXIR SALUTIS, OR COMPOUND TINCTURE 
 
 OF SENNA. 
 
 Take Alexandria senna. * 2 ounces. 
 
 Jalap 1 " 
 
 Fennel seed i " 
 
 Spirits of best brandy 1 quart. 
 
RECIPES. 571 
 
 Let it stand one week, and then strain. Dose : A tea- 
 spoonful or two to a child one year old, mixed with a 
 little sweetened water. A mild, but effectual, purgative. 
 This forms an excellent purgative, particularly for chil- 
 dren. It acts mildly, but effectually, cleansing well the 
 stomach and bowels ; besides, it is very pleasant. 
 
 ESSENCES. 
 
 Essences are made by adding alcohol to the essential 
 oils, in proportion of one ounce of oil to sixteen ounces 
 of alcohol. They are useful externally, to relieve pain, 
 and used with advantage internally, for many complaints. 
 
 ESSENCE OF PEPPERMINT. 
 
 Take Oil of peppermint 1 ounce. 
 
 Alcohol 1 pint 
 
 Mix. Dose: A teaspoonful. Useful in pain of the 
 breast, cramp, sickness of the stomach, etc. 
 
 ESSENCE OP HEMLOCK. 
 
 Made in the same manner. Dose: Twenty-five or 
 thirty drops, on sugar or in tea. Useful in rheumatism and 
 pain in the breast ; also for sprains, etc. 
 
 ESSENCE OF SASSAFRAS. 
 
 Made in the same manner. It is useful in gout and 
 rheumatism, pain in the breast, lumbago, sciatica, con- 
 tusions, etc. 
 
 The other essences are made in the same manner, and 
 their virtues are the same as the oils from which they 
 are made. 
 
572 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 TINCTUBE OF IPECACUANHA, OR WINE OP IPECACUANHA. 
 
 Take The root of ipecacuanha, in powder 1 ounce 
 
 wine 16 " 
 
 Macerate for seven days, and nitrate. This makes a 
 valuable emetic for children. The dose is one ounce for 
 adults ; children two years of age, one teaspoonful every 
 ten or fifteen minutes, till it pukes them. 
 
 TINCTURE OP POX-GLOVE. 
 
 Take Fox-glove 1 ounce. 
 
 Proof spirits 1 pint. 
 
 Digest one week, and strain. Dose: From fifteen to 
 twenty drops, to be given three or four times a day, in 
 parsley tea. Used for inflammatory diseases. It lessens 
 the pulse, by diminishing arterial excitement, and thereby 
 prevents the necessity of the blood-letting. It is recom- 
 mended in inflammation of the lungs. It is also very 
 valuable in dropsy of the chest. 
 
 HERPETIC WASH. 
 
 Take Poke root, pulverized , 
 
 Lobelia " [• equal parts. 
 
 Yellow dock " 
 
 } 
 
 Bruise, and add a tablespoonful to one pint of vinegar or 
 spirits. Bathe often for eruptions of the skin. 
 
 ALKALINE WASH. 
 
 Ley made of hickory ashes, weak ; or, which may be 
 better for some reasons, a solution of sal soda. These 
 
RECIPES. 573 
 
 are remarkably efficacious for fevers, by bathing the sur- 
 face often. Extraordinary benefit attends this practice ; 
 equal, if not superior, to internal medicine. 
 
 OPATHALMIC, OR COOLING WASH. 
 
 Take Borax, pulverized 1 ounce. 
 
 Rain or spring water 1 quart. 
 
 Let it stand twelve hours. This forms a very cooling 
 and useful wash for all kinds of inflammation, particu- 
 larly the eyes ; also sore and inflamed nipples, canker, 
 and sore mouth and throat. It may be applied freely 
 and often. (I use it different. I make a strong decoc- 
 tion of sage and kercuma root with rain water, then add 
 an ounce of water to the quart. I find this much better.) 
 
 REFRIGERANT, OR COOLING LOTION, OR WASH. 
 
 Take Sugar of lead 1 drachm. 
 
 Rain water $ pint. 
 
 Mix. This wash is cooling or refrigerant, and serviceable 
 in inflammation, particularly erysipelatous. 
 
 COMMON INJECTION. 
 
 Take Sweet milk 1 pint. 
 
 Mucilage of slippery elm, 1 " 
 
 Olive oil 1 gill. 
 
 Molasses $ pint. 
 
 Saleratus 1 teaspoonful. 
 
 Mix. This forms an injection of much value, and may 
 be useful in almost every case where one is indicated. 
 It is often used with admirable effects in dysentery and 
 diarrhoea. Sometimes, when there is great pain in the 
 lower intestines, it will do better if a drachm of lauda- 
 num is added to each injection ; and it will not fail of 
 
574 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 relieving the griping pain occasioned by the disease. It 
 should be used with a large sized French syringe. 
 
 SOAP-SUDS INJECTION. 
 
 Take of soap-suds, strong, a sufficient quantity ; inject 
 it about blood warm. This is an injection which may 
 always be conveniently procured. It is mild, and may be 
 administered when a more stimulating injection would 
 be hurtful. It is very useful in habitual costiveness, when 
 purgatives are ineffectual. 
 
 STIMULATING INJECTION. 
 
 Take Lobelia 1 drachm. 
 
 Inner "bark of large hemlock £ ounce. 
 
 Red pepper 1 drachm. 
 
 Make a tea or infusion, sweeten, and introduce from half 
 a pint to a pint. This injection is occasionally used in 
 very obstinate cases of costiveness, bilious and painters' 
 cholic, and strangulated or incarcerated hernia. 
 
 TOBACCO INJECTION. 
 
 Take Tobacco '. 1 drachm. 
 
 Tepid water 1 pint. 
 
 Infuse for twenty or thirty minutes. This injection is 
 sometimes used in the treatment of incarcerated hernia, 
 with a view to its relaxing properties. It should be em- 
 ployed with caution, as it has sometimes produced alarm- 
 ing symptoms. It is also used to destroy worms from the 
 rectum. Salt and water injection is also very good. 
 
RECIPES. 575 
 
 RHEUMATIC LIQUID. 
 
 Take Sassafras oil 2 ounces. 
 
 Hemlock oil « 1 " 
 
 Bed cedar oil 1 " ; = .1 
 
 Oil of turpentine 1 " 
 
 Gum camphor 1 " 
 
 Capsicum 1 u 
 
 Mix ; add two quarts of alcohol. This is a very valua- 
 ble compound for rheumatism, and every kind of pain, 
 ague in the face and jaws, neuralgia, spinal irritation, etc. 
 Bathe the parts affected for a few minutes with the hand 
 or flannel ; repeat When painful ; if too strong, dilute 
 with a little water. The addition of an ounce or two of 
 opium would no doubt make it still better. 
 
 (I would recommend this as an external application 
 where my All-Healing Liniment is not to be had.) 
 
 GURGLE. 
 
 Certain infusions, decoctions, or liquids, suitable or de- 
 signed for washing the mouth and throat, which, by their 
 stimulating or detergent properties, become efficacious. 
 
 Adults can generally gurgle their mouth or throat with 
 little difficulty; but infants and children require an as- 
 sistant to apply them, which is done best by tying a lit- 
 tle piece of linen to a probe or stick, dipping it in the 
 liquid, and often applying it. They should never be made 
 very stimulating, except in severe cases. 
 
 STIMULATING GURGLE. 
 
 Take of sumach berries and golden seal a sufficient 
 quantity ; make a strong decoction, strain, and add one 
 
576 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 drachm of pulverized alum to every pint of the decoc- 
 tion. This gurgle is used frequently in ulcerated sore 
 throat of long standing. 
 
 ASTRINGENT GURGLE. 
 
 Take of cohush a proper quantity, and make a strong 
 decoction. This gurgle is used in quinsy. 
 
 ANTI-PHLOGISTIC GURGLE. 
 
 Take Sage 1 ounce. 
 
 Hyssop 1 " 
 
 Pour on one quart of boiling water, and let it stand half 
 an hour ; then strain, and add one drachm of fine borax. 
 This gurgle is usefully employed in apthse, and in quinsy 
 or sore throat, particularly where there is accute inflam- 
 mation. 
 
 YEAST GURGLE. 
 
 Take yeast, a wineglassful ; milk, a gill ; sweeten with 
 molasses. Excellent for sore throat. 
 
 GURGLE FOR PUTRID SORE THROAT. 
 
 Take the Bark of upland sumach, 
 High blackberry, 
 Common white elm bark, 
 White oak bark, 
 Small black-snake root, 
 Nanny berry bark, 
 
 Of each a handful, except the snake root, which must be 
 half the quantity; make a strong decoction, add a piece 
 of alum, and sweeten well with honey; then bottle for 
 use. Apply often to the sores with a rag. It may at 
 first irritate a little, but then cures. Cured all in the re- 
 
RECIPES. 577 
 
 volutionary war, when all other means were of no avail 
 and many cases had previously proved fatal. 
 
 MINT FOMENTATION. 
 
 Take of fresh spearmint a proper quantity ; let it be 
 bruised, add spirits, and simmer. In cases of great irri- 
 tability of the stomach, attended with frequent vomiting, 
 this fomentation, applied to the pit of it, will often re- 
 lieve when other means fail. 
 
 HOP FOMENTATION 
 
 Take two handsful of hops and one pint of vinegar ; 
 heat the latter, and pour it on the hops; boil till the 
 strength is extracted. In cases of sore throat, hoarse- 
 ness, or soreness of the breast, severe pain in the abdo- 
 men, colic, dysentery, etc., this fomentation will give ease 
 and allay irritation. It may be applied at bed- time, and 
 kept on all night ; or any time in the day, if necessary. 
 It is usually best to apply warm, and often to renew. 
 
 COMMON FOMENTATION. 
 
 Take Hops 3 ounces. 
 
 Tansy 3 " 
 
 "Wormwood ...3 u 
 
 Hoarhound 3 " 
 
 Catnip 3 " 
 
 Or a handful of each. Make of these articles a strong 
 decoction, by boiling in equal parts of vinegar and water. 
 This will be found very efficacious in relieving pain and 
 inflammation, resulting from contusions, sprains, disloca- 
 tions, and other causes. It may also be usefully employ- 
 37 
 
578 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 ed in inflammation of the bowels and of the stomach ; 
 in short, in almost every species of inflammation it will 
 be found very useful. 
 
 STIMULATING FOMENTATION. 
 
 Take Ked pepper 2 ounces. 
 
 Bruised mustard seeds 2 " 
 
 Alcohol or spirits 2 quarts. 
 
 Simmer a few minutes. This is used as an external ap- 
 plication in paralysis or palsy. 
 
 COUGH POWDER. 
 
 Take Capsicum 2 parts. 
 
 Ipecac 2 " 
 
 Pulverized opium 1 " 
 
 Mix, and incorporate well together. Dose : One-half as 
 much as will lay upon a six-cent piece (five grains) every 
 four hours, mixed with honey. The above will allay ir- 
 ritation of the lungs when all other means prove una- 
 vailing. I give it in severe inflammation of the lungs 
 and obstinate coughs, where other means afford no relief, 
 
 CEPHALIC POWDER. 
 
 Take Blood root 1 ounce. 
 
 Bark of the root of bayberry 1 " 
 
 Common snuff 1 " 
 
 Mix. Useful in catarrh, headache, polypus, etc. 
 
 RED OR STYPTIC POWDER. 
 
 Take of copperas ; submit it to a red heat, in a flame 
 of fire ; a decomposition is effected, and a red substance 
 
RECIPES. 579 
 
 is formed. This, pulverized, forms a powder containing 
 highly styptic and astringent properties. It is nsed in 
 the treatment of bleeding piles, and in stopping hemor- 
 rhage or bleeding. It may be] mixed with a little melt- 
 ed tallow, and introduced up the rectum, for the bleed- 
 ing piles. It is very good, in salt rheum, mixed with 
 fresh butter. 
 
 FEVER AND AGUE POWDER. 
 
 Take Sulphate of quinine 1 scruple. 
 
 Capsicum 2 " 
 
 Mix, and rub well in a mortar ; divide into ten powders, 
 and give one every two hours, in syrup, after having 
 cleansed the stomach and bowels. A sure remedy for 
 chills and fever ; and excellent where the wine tincture 
 cannot be taken. 
 
 ANODYNE POWDER. 
 
 Take best turkey opium, and suspend it in a bag in the 
 
 chimney till hard or dry ; pulverize, and sift. 
 
 Take of this opium £ ounce. 
 
 Capsicum 1 " 
 
 Mix, and rub well in a mortar. Dose : From two to four 
 grains, in syrup, every two or four hours till relief is ob- 
 tained. This is a powerful anodyne, and is sure to relieve 
 pain when all other means fail ; but should only be given 
 in urgent cases, and when no relief can be obtained by 
 other means. Exceedingly valuable in fits, lock-jaw, colic 
 and severe pain. 
 
 DIAPHORETIC POWDER. 
 
 Take gum opium $ drachm. 
 
 Camphor 2 " 
 
 Pulverized ipecacuanha 1 " 
 
 Cream of tartar, or super-carbonate of soda 1 ounce. 
 
580 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Pulverize all separately, then mix. It is best to use pul- 
 verized opium. Dose : Ten grains, or half a teaspoon- 
 ful, as often as may be necessary. This forms a valuable 
 anodyne, diaphoretic, and sudorific. It is beneficially 
 administered in fever, St. Anthony's fire, diarrhoea, dys- 
 entery, and cholera morbus, and in all cases where an 
 anodyne, combined with a sudorific, is required. In these 
 diseases it should be administered in small doses. It is 
 also applicable to many other diseases, such as rheuma- 
 tism, gout, etc. It promotes perspiration without in- 
 creasing the heat of the body. It produces a constant 
 moisture of the skin for a great length of time, while it 
 allays irritation. 
 
 Dr. F. H. Judd, of Greenville, Mercer county, Penn- 
 sylvania, substitutes the super-carbonate of soda in place 
 of cream of tartar. He considers it a great improve- 
 ment. He follows the reformed practice with extraordi- 
 nary success. 
 
 SALINE WASH. 
 
 Take fine salt 1 ounce. 
 
 Spirits £ pint. 
 
 Vinegar J » 
 
 Eain water \ « 
 
 Or equal parts. Mix. This makes a good refrigerant 
 or cooling wash for many kinds of inflammations. Par- 
 ticularly in inflammation of the brain, dropsy of the head, 
 etc. Sometimes it is applied tepid, at other times cool ; 
 but seldom cold, except in very urgent cases. 
 
 ASTRINGENT WASH. 
 
 Take Dried bark of large hemlock *| 
 
 Upland sumach-root bark I , 
 
 Witch-hazel bark f e( l ual P arts - 
 
 "White oak bark J 
 
RECIPES. 581 
 
 Make a strong decoction. This is useful to inject in fluor 
 albus, to wash the parts in prolapsus ani, and uteri or 
 falling of the bowel and womb. An excellent method 
 is, to wet a sponge, tie a piece of tape to it, and keep it 
 up the uterus till the complaint is cured. A decoction 
 of oak and alum will answer. 
 
 SALINE PHYSIC, WHITE LIQUID PHYSIC. 
 
 Take Epsom salts J pound. 
 
 Kochelle salts J " 
 
 Sulphate of potash, (vitriolated tartar,) J " 
 
 Common salt J " 
 
 Mix, and add one gallon of boiling water; when cool, 
 add one ounce of muriatic acid and one ounce of nitric 
 acid. Dose : From one to two tablespoon sful every two 
 hours, till it purges, in cold water. A cooling purgative ; 
 good to allay sickness at the stomach, vomiting, for colic, 
 bilious and bowel complaints, etc. A tumblerful of warm 
 herb tea to be taken after each dose. 
 
 ANTI- CHOLERIC AND ANTI-SPASMODIC MIXTURE. 
 
 Take Camphor mixture 4 ounces. 
 
 Essence of peppermint 4 " 
 
 Tincture of capsicum 1 drachm 
 
 Syrup of ginger £ ounce. 
 
 Mix. Dose : One tablespoonful every quarter, half, or 
 one and two hours, according to the urgency of the symp- 
 toms. This mixture is useful in the malignant or spas- 
 modic cholera, cramp of the stomach, fits, etc. 
 
 NERVOUS MIXTURE. 
 
 Take Mixture or liquid carbonate of ammonia i drachm. 
 
 Mint water, distilled 1J ounces. 
 
 Compound tincture cardamon £ " 
 
582 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Mix. Dose: Two tablespoonsful three times a day. 
 Useful in fainting, hysterics, debility, and all nervous 
 eases. 
 
 NEUTRALIZING MIXTURE, NEUTRALIZING CORDIAL OR PHYSIC. 
 
 Take of Khubarb, pulverized 1 
 
 *Saleratu8, pulverized lequal parts. 
 
 Peppermint plant, pulverized J 
 
 To a large teaspoonful add half a pint of boiling water ; 
 when cool, strain, sweeten with loaf sugar, and add a 
 tablespoonful of brandy. Dose : One or two tablespoons- 
 ful every quarter, half, or one or two hours, according to 
 symptoms. This is one of the most valuable prepara- 
 tions known for cholera morbus, cholera infantum, or 
 summer complaint of children, diarrhoea, dysentery, etc. 
 Its operation and action appear to be a specific, if not 
 infallible. It is excellent for pregnant women, to allay 
 sickness and regulate the bowels. The above is an ex- 
 cellent medicine. 
 
 PILE ELECTUARY. 
 
 Take Cream of tartar 1. ounce. 
 
 Jalap, pulverized 1 " 
 
 Electuary of senna 2 " 
 
 Cream of flowers of sulphur ^ " 
 
 Nitrate of potash J " 
 
 Add molasses sufficient to make a pill or thick mass ; 
 roll into small cakes, quarter of an inch square ; dissolve 
 one in water and take every night ; or it may be formed 
 into pills of common size, and four taken night and 
 morning. This makes a very superior remedy for the 
 blind and bleeding piles. It usually excels all others : 
 it corrects a faulty state of the biliary organs, which pro- 
 duces costiveness, and, subsequently, the piles. 
 
RECIPES. 583 
 
 EXPLANATORY. 
 
 In giving such an extended variety of receipts as I 
 have in this work, it is not done without a very laudable 
 motive, as I shall show. Every recipe I have given, is 
 essential to some form of diseases, some climate, or some 
 persons. It not unfrequently happens that one medicine 
 will produce the desired result in one person, and a spee- 
 dy cure follow, while the same medicine and precisely 
 the same treatment for that person's next door neighbor 
 will have little or no effect; hence, it is necessary to re- 
 sort to some other treatment to suit the particular organ- 
 ization we have under our care. At other times, locality 
 may have a great deal to do with the effect of medicines 
 upon the human economy. To meet all classes of per- 
 sons, climates and constitutions, I have, therefore, intro- 
 duced into the receipt department several different re- 
 cipes for every, or nearly every disease of which I have 
 treated. And when any particular one has been select- 
 ed for any particular disorder or complaint, and it does 
 not have the desired effect, it will only be necessary to 
 resort to some other of the various treatments here laid 
 down ; being careful always not to go from one treat- 
 ment to another until the first one is effectually tried. 
 
 In the treatment of cancer, however, it will only be 
 necessary to follow my treatment as prescribed, as it is a 
 settled fact, in my mind, that when that fails, the disease 
 is past the remedial agency of medicine or science. 
 
584 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS RECIPES. 
 
 Under this head I shall embody a number of receipts 
 which have accumulated on my hands for a number of 
 years, a great many of which are good, but from what 
 source they came I am now unable to determine. I in- 
 corporate these for the simple reason that I wish to make 
 the work of as much utility and usefulness to the farmer, 
 mechanic and all others as is possible. Some receipts 
 which follow, will be found highly beneficial to the coun- 
 try man and woman in their domestic employments ; 
 and, therefore, I do not wish to exclude them. They 
 cannot certainly interfere with the science or practice of 
 the " healing art," while they will doubtless, in many in- 
 stances prove beneficial. 
 
 FISH BONES. 
 
 There is great danger and pain resulting from the 
 lodging of fish bones in the throat. Whenever this oc- 
 curs, by pouring the white of an egg down the throat 
 immediate relief can be obtained. The reason is obvi- 
 ous. Small bones, like pins and needles, lie often across 
 the passage into the stomach, slightly adhering by the 
 points; the egg clings to them and carries them down. 
 
 CURE FOR BURNS. 
 
 The " Gazette Medicale," of France, says that, by an 
 accident, charcoal has been discovered to be a cure for 
 burns. By laying a piece of charcoal upon a burn, the 
 pain subsides immediately ; by leaving the charcoal on 
 
RECIPES. 585 
 
 one hour the wound is healed, as has been demonstrated 
 on several occasions. The remedy is cheap and simple, 
 and certainly deserves trial. 
 
 SCARLET FEVER. 
 
 Dr. William Fields, of Wilmington, Delaware, gives 
 publicity to the following recipe, which, he says, if faith- 
 fully carried out, will cure forty-five cases out of fifty, 
 without calling on a physician : 
 
 For adults, give one tablespoonful of good brewer's 
 yeast, in three tablespoonsful of sweetened water, three 
 times a day ; and if the throat is much swollen, gurgle 
 with yeast, and apply yeast to the throat as a poultice, 
 mixed with Indian meal. Use plenty of catnip tea, to 
 keep the eruption out of the skin for several days. 
 
 SMALL POX. 
 
 Use the above doses of yeast three times a day, and a 
 milk diet throughout the entire disease. Nearly every 
 case can be cured, without leaving a pock-mark. 
 
 DROPSY. 
 
 Lemons are recommended for dropsy in a Russian 
 medical journal, and are said to be beneficial in the most 
 hopeless cases. The first day one lemon was given, after 
 taking the peel off, and cutting it up into small pieces in 
 sugar ; the two following days three were given, and af- 
 terwards eighteen every day. For nourishment, meat 
 was given. In every case, the water came off on the 
 seventh day. 
 
586 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 TO DYE WOOL A PERMANENT BLUE COLOR. 
 
 Take four ounces of the best indigo, reduce it to a very 
 fine powder, and add twelve pounds of wool, in the grease ; 
 put the whole into a copper large enough to contain all 
 the wool to be dyed. As soon as the requisite color is 
 obtained, let the wool be well washed and dried. The 
 liquor remaining may be again used, to produce lighter 
 blues. The color will be as beautiful and permanent as 
 the finest blue produced by wood, and the wool, by this 
 method, will lose less in weight than if it had been pre- 
 viously scoured. 
 
 TO TURN RED HAIR BLACK. 
 
 Take a pint of the liquor of pickled herrings, half a 
 pound of lamp-black, and two ounces of the rust of iron. 
 Mix and boil them for twenty minutes, then strain and 
 rub the liquid well into the roots of the hair. 
 
 A GOOD CEMENT. 
 
 I have found gum shellac dissolved in brandy, very ex- 
 cellent for joining broken vessels. It makes them near- 
 ly as durable as if they were cemented by heat. I have 
 been using for years a mortar which was broken and 
 mended in this manner ; it was broken in pieces and 
 could not then be replaced. I applied the gum and 
 bound the parts firmly together until the cement was 
 perfectly dry. I then put it into use and have continued 
 to use it ever since. 
 
 TO MAKE RED SEALING WAX. 
 
 Take of shellac, well powdered, two parts ; of resin 
 
RECIPES. 587 
 
 and vermilion, powdered, each, one part. Mix them 
 well together and melt them over a gentle fire, and when 
 the ingredients seem thoroughly incorporated, work the 
 wax into sticks. Where shellac cannot be procured, 
 seed-lac may be substited for it. 
 
 The quantity of vermilion may be diminished without 
 any injury to the sealing wax, where it is not required 
 to be of the highest and brightest red color ; and the re- 
 sin should be of the whitest kind, as that improves the 
 effect of the vermilion. 
 
 BLACK SEALING WAX. 
 
 Proceed as directed for the red wax ; only, instead of 
 the vermilion, substitute the best ivory black. 
 
 GREEN SEALING WAX. 
 
 Proceed as in the above ; only, instead of vermilion, 
 use verdigris, powdered ; or, where the color is required 
 to be bright, distilled or crystals of verdigris. 
 
 BLUE SEALING WAX. 
 
 As the above ; only changing the vermilion for smalt, 
 well powdered ; or, for a light blue, verditer may be used ; 
 as may, also, with more advantage, a mixture of both. 
 
 YELLOW SEALING WAX. 
 
 As the above ; only substituting masticot ; or, where 
 a bright color is desired, turpeth mineral, instead of the 
 vermilion. 
 
 PURPLE SEALING WAX. 
 
 As the red; only changing half the quantity of ver- 
 
588 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 milion for an equal or greater proportion of smalt, ac- 
 cording as the purple is desired to be bluer or redder. 
 
 UNC0L0RED SOFT SEALING WAX. 
 
 Take of bees' wax, one pound ; turpentine, three oun- 
 ces ; and olive oil, one ounce. Place them in a proper 
 vessel over the fire, and let them boil for some time, and 
 the wax will then be fit to be formed into rolls or cakes 
 for use. 
 
 RED, BLACK, GREEN, BLUE, YELLOW AND PURPLE, SOFT SEAL- 
 ING WAX. 
 
 Add to the preceding composition, while boiling, an 
 ounce or more of any ingredients directed above for col- 
 oring the hard sealing wax, and stir the matter well 
 about, till the color be thoroughly mixed with the wax. 
 The proportion of the coloring ingredients may be in- 
 creased, if the color produced by that here given be not 
 found strong enough. 
 
 RECIPE FOR CEMENTING LEATHER AND WOOD. 
 
 Take half a pound of fish isinglass, and one pint of 
 alcohol. Dissolve the isinglass in the alcohol. 
 
 FOR BURNING FLUID. 
 
 Take Alcohol 1 gallon 
 
 Spirits of turpentine 1 quart 
 
 Camphor gum 2 ounces 
 
 The above must be used in lamps made especially for 
 burning fluid. 
 
RECIPES. 589 
 
 TO MAKE SPERM CANDLES. 
 
 Take twelve pounds of lard ; salt-petre and alum, 
 each one pound ; dissolve them in water; mix this with 
 the lard ; then evaporate all the water from the lard ; he 
 careful not to scorch the lard. Make a small wick and 
 run in good sized molds. 
 
 A COMPOUND TO RENDER LEATHER WATER-PROOF. 
 
 Take Boiled linseed oil 1 pint 
 
 Clean tallow £ pound 
 
 Beeswax 3 ounces 
 
 Eesin 2 « 
 
 Castor oil J pint 
 
 Warm the materials, and mix them well together, adding 
 a little lampblack. This will be found excellent to pre- 
 serve the leather and prevent wet feet, which is very 
 essential to health. 
 
 CURE FOR VEGETABLE POISON. 
 
 The following is a safe, cheap, and certain cure, so 
 
 said, for the effects of poison oak, a shrub very common 
 
 in the West : 
 
 Iodid potash 8 grains 
 
 Dissolve in pure water 2 ounces 
 
 Add iodine 2 grains 
 
 Apply as often as the heat and pain seem to require it. 
 
 TO REMOVE SPOTS OF GREASE FROM CLOTH. 
 
 Spots of grease may be removed by a diluted solution 
 of potash, but this must be cautiously applied to prevent 
 
590 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 injury to the cloth. Stains of white wax, which some- 
 times fall upon clothes from wax candles, are removed 
 by spirits of turpentine, or sulphuric acid ether. The 
 marks of white paint may also be discharged by the 
 above mentioned agents. 
 
 TO TAKE MILDEW OUT OF LINEN. 
 
 Rub it well with soap ; then scrape some fine chalk 
 and rub that also in the linen ; lay it on the grass ; as it 
 dries, wet it a little, and it will come out after being 
 twice applied. 
 
 TO TAKE OUT SPOTS OF INK. 
 
 As soon as the accident happens, wet the place with 
 juice of sorrel or lemon, or with vinegar, and the best 
 hard white soap. 
 
 TO TAKE STAINS OUT OF CLOTH OR SILK. 
 
 Pound French chalk fine ; mix with lavender water to 
 the thickness of mustard. Put on the stain ; rub it soft 
 with the finger or palm of the hand. Put a sheet of 
 blotting and brown paper on the top, and smooth it with 
 an iron, milk warm. 
 
 TO REMOVE GREASE SPOTS FROM PAPER. 
 
 Let the paper stained with grease, wax, oil, or any 
 other fat body, be gently warmed, taking out as much 
 as possible of it, by blotting paper. Dip a small brush 
 in the essential oil of well rectified spirits of turpentine, 
 heated almost to ebullition, (for when cold it acts very 
 
RECIPES. 591 
 
 weakly,) and draw it gently over both sides of the paper, 
 which must be carefully kept warm. Let this operation 
 be repeated as many times as the quantity of the fat 
 body, imbibed by the paper, or the thickness of the paper 
 may render it necessary. When the greasy substance is 
 removed, to restore the paper to its former whiteness, 
 dip another brush in highly rectified spirits of wine, and 
 draw it, in like manner, over the place, and particularly 
 around the edges, to remove the border that would still 
 present a stain. If the process has been employed on a 
 part written on with common ink, or printed with prin- 
 ter's ink, it will experience no alteration. 
 
 Another method — 
 
 Take of roche-alum, burnt, and flour of brimstone, an 
 equal quantity of each; and reducing them to a fine 
 powder, wet the paper a little, put a small quantity of 
 the powder upon the place, and the spots will disappear. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Scrape finely some pipe-clay, (the quantity will be easily 
 determined on making the experiment ;) on this lay the 
 sheet or leaf, and cover the spot, in like manner, with 
 the clay. Cover the whole with a sheet of paper, and 
 apply, for a few seconds, a heated ironing box, or any 
 substitute adopted by laundresses. On using Indian 
 rubber, to remove the dust taken up by the grease, the 
 paper will be found restored to its original whiteness and 
 opacity. This simple method has often proved much 
 more effectual than turpentine, and was remarkably so 
 in an instance where the folio of a ledger had exhibited 
 the marks of candle grease and snuff for more than 
 twelve months. 
 
592 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 TO CLEANSE GLOVES WITHOUT WETTING. 
 
 Lay the gloves upon a clean board, make a mixture 
 of dried fulling-earth and powdered alum, and pass them 
 over on each side with a common stiff brush ; then sweep 
 it off, and sprinkle them well with dry bran and whiting, 
 and dust them well. This, if they are not exceedingly 
 greasy, will render them quite clean ; but if they are 
 much soiled, take out the grease with crums of toasted 
 bread and powder of burnt bone ; then pass them over 
 with a woolen cloth dipped in fulling-earth or alum 
 powder, and in this manner they can be cleaned without 
 wetting, which frequently shrinks and spoils them. 
 
 CEMENT FOR JOINING BROKEN GLASSES, ETC. 
 
 Take two ounces of good glue, and steep it for a night 
 in distilled vinegar; boil them together the next day, 
 and having beaten a clove of garlic, with half an ounce 
 of ox gall, into a soft pulp, strain the juice through a 
 linen cloth, using pressure, and add to it the glue and 
 vinegar. Then take of sandarac, powdered, and turpen- 
 tine, each one drachm, and of scarcocol and mastic, 
 powdered, each half a drachm ; put them into a bottle 
 with an ounce of highly rectified spirits of wine. Stop 
 the bottle, and let the mixture stand for three hours in a 
 gentle heat, frequently shaking it. Mix this tincture, 
 also, with the glue while hot, and stir them well together 
 with a stick till part of the mixture be evaporated, and 
 then take the composition from the fire and it will be fit 
 for use. When this cement is to be applied it must be 
 dipped in vinegar, and then melted in a proper vessel, 
 
RECIPES: 593 
 
 with a gentle heat, and if stones are to be cemented, mix 
 with it a little powdered chalk ; or if glass is to be con- 
 joined, powdered glass should be substituted. 
 
 STRAWBERRY WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, seven gallons ; cider, six gal- 
 lons ; strawberries, six gallons ; ferment. Mix raw sugar, 
 sixteen pounds ; red tartar, in fine powder, three ounces ; 
 the peel and juice of two lemons; then add brandy, two 
 or three quarts. This will make eighteen gallons. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take of cold soft water, ten gallons; strawberries, 
 nine gallons; ferment. Mix raw sugar, twenty-five 
 pounds ; red tartar, in fine powder, three ounces ; two 
 lemons and two oranges, peel and juice ; then add brandy, 
 one gallon. This will make eighteen gallons. 
 
 RASPBERRY WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, six gallons ; cider, four gal- 
 lons; raspberries, six gallons; any. other fruit, three 
 gallons; ferment. Mix raw sugar, eighteen or twenty 
 pounds ; red tartar, in fine powder, three ounces ; orange 
 and lemon peel, two ounces, dry, or four ounces, fresh ; 
 then add brandy, three quarts. This will make eighteen 
 gallons. 
 
 TO MAKE BRITISH CHAMPAGNE. 
 
 Take gooseberries before they are ripe, crush them 
 with a mallet in a wooden bowl, and to every gallon of 
 38 
 
594 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 fruit pnt a gallon of water ; let it stand two days, stir- 
 ing it well; squeeze the mixture well with the hands 
 through a hop-sieve; then measure the liquor, and to 
 every gallon put three and one-half pounds of loaf sugar; 
 mix it well in the tub, and let it stand one day ; put a 
 bottle of the best brandy into the cask, which leave open 
 Hive or six weeks, taking off the* scum as it rises ; then 
 make it up and let it stand one year in the barrel before 
 it is bottled. The proportion of brandy to be used for 
 this liquor is, one pint to seven gallons. 
 
 GOOSEBERRY AND CURRANT WINE MIXED. 
 
 Take cold soft water, six gallons ; gooseberries, four 
 gallons; currants, four gallons; ferment. Mix raw 
 sugar, twelve pounds; honey, three pounds, and tartar, 
 in fine powder, one and one-half ounce ; bitter almonds, 
 one and one-half ounce. Put in brandy, six pints or 
 more. This will make twelve gallons. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take cold soft water, Hive and one-half gallons ; goose- 
 berries and currants, four gallons ; ferment. Then add 
 raw sugar, twelve and one-half pounds ; tartar, in fine 
 powder, one ounce; ginger, in powder, three ounces \ 
 sweet marjoram, half a handful; British spirits, one 
 quart. This will make nine gallons. 
 
 RED CURRANT WINE. 
 
 Take cold soft water, eleven gallons; red currants, 
 eight gallons ; raspberries, one quart ; ferment. Mix raw 
 
RECIPES. 595 
 
 sugar, twenty pounds ; beet-root, sliced, two pounds, and 
 red tartar, in fine powder, three ounces. Put in one nut- 
 meg, in fine powder ; add brandy, one gallon. This will 
 make eighteen gallons. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Put five quarts of currants and a pint of raspberries to 
 every two gallons of water ; let them soak a night, then 
 squeeze and break them well. Next day rub them well 
 through a fine sieve till the juice is expressed, washing 
 the skins with some of the water; then, to every gallon, 
 put four pounds of the best sugar; put it into your bar- 
 rel, and set the bung lightly in. In two or three days 
 add a bottle of good cogniac brandy to every four gal- 
 lons; bung it close, but leave out the spiggot for a few 
 days. It is very good in three years — better in four. 
 
 BLACKBERRY WINE. 
 
 Having procured berries that are fully ripe, put them 
 into a large vessel of wood or stone, with a cock in it, 
 and pour upon them as much boiling water as will cover 
 them. As soon as the heat will permit the hand to be 
 put into the vessel, bruise them well till all the berries 
 are broken. Then let them stand covered till the berries 
 begin to rise towards the top, which they usually do in 
 three or four days. Then draw oft* the clear into another 
 vessel, and add to every ten quarts of this liquor a pound 
 of sugar. Stir it well, and let it stand to work a week 
 or ten days in another vessel like the first. Then draw 
 it off" at the cock through a jelly bag into a large vessel. 
 Take four ounces of isiuglass and lay it to steep twelve 
 
596 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 hours in a pint of white wine. The next morning, boil 
 it upon a slow fire till it is all dissolved ; then take a 
 gallon of blackberry-juice, put it in the dissolved isin- 
 glass, give them a boil together, and pour all into the 
 vessel. Let it stand a few days to purge and settle, then 
 draw it oft* and keep it in a cool place. 
 
 SPRUCE WINE. 
 
 For this, which is only a superior sort of white spruce 
 beer, proceed as follows : r To every gallon of water take 
 one and one-half pound of honey, and one-half pound 
 of fine starch. The starch, however, previously to its 
 being blended with the honey, liquor, or syrup, must be 
 reduced to a transparent jelly, by boiling it with part of 
 the water purposely preserved. A quarter of a pound 
 of essence of spruce may be used to six gallons of water ; 
 and the same method may be pursued in working, fining, 
 and bottling, as directed for white spruce beer. 
 
 Spruce is a wholesome and pleasant drink to those 
 who are used to it, and persons soon become habituated. 
 It contains a vast quantity of fixed air, which is extreme- 
 ly bracing ; and the use of this liquor is particularly to 
 be recommended to such as are troubled with corbutic 
 humors, or have the gravel. It is chiefly used in summer. 
 
 JUNIPER-BERRY WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, eighteen gallons ; Malaga, or 
 Smyrna raisins, thirty-five pounds ; juniper-berries, nine 
 quarts; red tartar, four ounces; wormwood and sweet 
 marjoram, each two handsful; British spirits, two quarts 
 or more; ferment for ten or twelve days. This will 
 make eighteen gallons. 
 
RECIPES. 597 
 
 TO MAKE DAMSON WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, eleven gallons ; damson, eight 
 gallons; ferment. Mix raw sugar, thirty pounds; red 
 tartar, in fine powder, six ounces ; add brandy, one gal- 
 lon. This will make eighteen gallons. 
 
 " When the must" says Mr. Carnell, " has fermented 
 two days, (during which time it should be stirred up two 
 or three times,) take out of the vat about two or three 
 quarts of the stones, and break them and the kernels, 
 and then return them into the vat again." 
 
 CHERRY WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, ten gallons ; cherries, ten gal- 
 lons; ferment. Mix raw sugar, thirty pounds; red tar- 
 tar, in fine powder, three ounces ; add brandy, two or 
 three quarts. This will make eighteen gallons. 
 
 Two days after the cherries have been in the vat, Mr. 
 Carnell says, we should take out about three quarts of 
 the cherry stones, break them and the kernels, and re- 
 turn them into the vat again. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take cherries nearly ripe, of any red sort, clear them 
 of the stalks and stones ; then put them into a glazed 
 earthen vessel, and squeeze them to a pulp. Let them 
 remain in this state for twelve hours to ferment ; then 
 put them into a linen cloth, not too fine, and press out 
 the juice with a pressing board, or any other convenient 
 instrument. Now let the liquor stand till the scum rises. 
 
598 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 and with a ladel or skimmer, take it clean off; then pour 
 the clear part, by inclination, into a cask, where, to each 
 gallon, put a pound of the best loaf sugar, and let it 
 ferment for seven or eight days. Draw it off, when clear, 
 into lesser casks or bottles ; keep it cool, as other wines, 
 and in ten or twelve days it will be ripe. 
 
 TO MAKE M0RELLA WINE. 
 
 Cleanse from the stalks sixty pounds of Morella cher- 
 ries, and bruise them so that the stones will be broken. 
 lS"ow press out the juice and mix it with six gallons of 
 sherry wine, and four gallons of warm water. Having 
 grossly powdered separate ounces of nutmeg, cinnamon, 
 and mace, hang them separately in small bags in the 
 cask containing the mixture. Bung it down, and in a 
 few weeks it will become a deliciously flavored wine. 
 
 TO MAKE PEACH WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, eighteen gallons ; refined su- 
 gar, twenty-five pounds ; honey, six pounds ; white tartar, 
 in fine powder, two ounces ; peaches, sixty or eighty in 
 number; ferment; then add two gallons of brandy. 
 This will make eighteen gallons. 
 
 The first division is to be put into the vat, and the 
 day after, before the peaches are put in, take the stones 
 from them, break them and the kernels, then put them 
 and the pulp into the vat, and proceed with the general 
 process. 
 
 CIDER WHITE WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, two quarts ; cider, nine gal- 
 
RECIPES. 599 
 
 Ions ; honey, eight pounds ; white tartar, in fine powder, 
 two ounces; erment. Mix cinnamon, cloves, and mace, 
 two ounces; add rum, one-half gallon. This will make 
 nine gallons. * 
 
 CIDER RED WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, three gallons ; cider, sixteen 
 gallons; honey, ten pounds; erment. Add raw sugar, 
 four pounds; beet root, sliced, four pounds; red tartar, 
 in fine powder, six ounces. Mix sweet marjoram and 
 sweet briar, three handsful ; rum, one gallon. This will 
 make eighteen gallons. 
 
 CIDER WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, four gallons ; cider, fifteen gal- 
 lons ; honey, twelve pounds ; tartar, in fine powder, two 
 ounces; ferment. Mix ginger, in powder, six ounces; 
 sage and mint, two handsful. Add British spirits, one 
 gallon. This will make eighteen gallons. 
 
 GRAPE WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, five gallons ; black or red 
 grapes, forty pounds ; erment. Mix cider, nine gallons ; 
 raw sugar, twenty pounds ; barberry leaves, three 
 handsful ; beet root, sliced, two pounds ; red tartar, in 
 powder, four ounces. Add white elder flowers, six 
 handsful, or sassafras chips, four pounds; brandy, one 
 gallon. This will make eighteen gallons. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take of cold soft water, six gallons; grapes, of any 
 color, thirty pounds. ; ferment. Mix treacle, ton pounds : 
 
600 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 beet root, sliced, one and a half pounds ; red tartar, in 
 powder, two ounces. Add rosemary leaves, two handsful ; 
 brandy, one-half gallon. This will make nine gallons. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take of cold soft water, eight gallons ; grapes, of any 
 sort, one hundred pounds; ferment. Mix raw sugar, 
 twenty pounds ; beet root, sliced, four pounds ; barberry 
 leaves, four handsful ; red tartar, in powder, six ounces. 
 Add coriander seed, bruised, two ounces; brandy, six 
 quarts. This will make eighteen gallons. 
 
 GRAPE WHITE WINE. 
 
 Take of cold soft water, thirteen gallons ; white grapes, 
 fifty pounds ; ferment. Mix refined sugar, twenty-five 
 pounds; white tartar, in powder, three ounces. Add 
 clary seed, bruised, three ounces, or clary flowers, six 
 handsful; rum, one gallon. This will make eighteen 
 gallons. 
 
 TO MAKE RAISIN WINE EQUAL TO SHERRY. 
 
 Let the raisins be well washed and picked from the 
 stalk ; to every pound thus prepared and chopped, add 
 one quart of water which has been boiled and has stood 
 till it is cold. Let the whole stand in the vessel for a 
 month, being frequently stirred. Now let the raisins be 
 taken from the cask, and let the liquor be closely stopped 
 in the vessel. In the course of a month, let it be racked 
 into another vessel, leaving all the sediment behind, 
 which must be repeated till it becomes fine, when add to 
 every ten gallons six pounds of fine sugar, and one dozen 
 
RECIPES. 601 
 
 of Seville oranges, the rinds being pared very thin, and 
 infused in two quarts of brandy, which should be added 
 to the liquor at its last racking. Let the whole stand 
 three months in the cask, when it will be fit for bottling ; 
 it should remain in the bottle for a twelve-month. 
 
 To give it the flavor of Madeira, when it is in the cask, 
 put in a couple of green citrons, and let them remain till 
 the wine is bottled. 
 
 TO MAKE WINE FROM FROSTED POTATOES. 
 
 Wine of considerable quality may be made from 
 frosted potatoes, if not so much frosted as to have be- 
 come soft and waterish. The potatoes must be crushed 
 or bruised ; a wooden mallet answers the purpose. If a 
 plank of wood is made hollow, in the manner of a shal- 
 low bowl, they may be bruised with a mallet, or put into 
 a cider press. A Winchester bushel must have ten gal- 
 lons of water, prepared by boiling it, mixed with one- 
 half pound of hops, and one-half pound of common 
 white ginger. This water, after having boiled for half 
 an hour, must be poured upon the bruised potatoes, into 
 a tub or vessel suited to the quantity to be made. After 
 standing in this mixed state for three days, yeast must 
 be added, to ferment the liquor. When the fermentation 
 has subsided, the liquor must be drawn off, as pure as 
 possible, into a cask, adding half a pound of raw sugar 
 for every gallon. After it has remained in the cask for 
 three months, it will be ready for use. — Farmers'' Mag. 
 
 GINGER WINE — EXCELLENT. 
 
 Put into a very nice boiler ten gallons of water, fifteen 
 pounds of lump sugar, with the whites of six or eight 
 
602 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 eggs, well beaten and strained ; mix all well while cold ; 
 when the liquor boils, skim it well ; put in half a pound 
 of common white ginger, bruised, and boil it twenty 
 minutes. Have ready the rinds (cut very thin) of seven 
 lemons, and pour the hot liquor on them ; when cool 
 put it into your cask, with two spoonsful of yeast ; put 
 a quart of the warm liquor to two ounces of isinglass 
 shavings, whisk it well three or four times, and put all 
 into the barrel. Next day stop it up ; in three weeks 
 bottle it ; and in three months it will be a delicious and 
 safe liquor. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take of cold soft water, nineteen gallons ; Malaga 
 raisins, fifty pounds; white tartar, in powder, four 
 ounces. Ferment. Mix ginger, in powder or bruised, 
 twenty ounces; eighteen lemons, peel and juice. Add 
 brandy, two quarts, or more. This will make eighteen 
 gallons. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take twenty quarts of water ; five pounds of sugar ; 
 three ounces of white ginger ; one ounce of stick liquorice. 
 Boil them well together ; when it is cold put a little new 
 yeast upon it, but not too much ; then put it into the 
 barrel for ten days, and after that bottle it, putting a 
 lump of white sugar into every bottle. 
 
 Another — 
 
 To seven gallons of water, put nineteen pounds of 
 clayed sugar, and boil it for half an hour, taking off the 
 scum as it rises ; then take a small quantity of the liquor, 
 
RECIPES. 603 
 
 and add to it nine ounces of the best ginger, bruised. 
 ]N"ow put it all together, and when nearly cold, chop 
 nine pounds of raisins very small, and put them into a 
 nine gallon cask (beer measure,) with one ounce of 
 isinglass. Slice four lemons into the cask, taking out all 
 the seeds, and pour the liquor over them, with half a 
 pint of fresh yeast. Leave it unstopped for three weeks, 
 and in about three months it will be fit for bottling. 
 
 There will be one gallon of the sugar and water more 
 than the cask will hold at first ; this must be kept to fill 
 up as the liquor works off, as it is necessary that the 
 cask should be kept full, till it has done working. The 
 raisins should be two-thirds Malaga, and one-third Mus- 
 cadel. Spring and autum are the best seasons for 
 making this wine. 
 
 TO MAKE GINGER BEER. 
 
 Take of good Jamaica ginger, two and a half ounces ; 
 moist sugar, three pounds ; cream of tartar, one ounce ; 
 the juice and peel of two middling-sized lemons; brandy, 
 one-half pint; good solid ale yeast, one-fourth of a pint; 
 water, three and one-half gallons. This will produce 
 four and a half dozen bottles of excellent ginger beer, 
 which will keep twelve months. Bruise the ginger and 
 sugar, and boil them for twenty or twent} T -five minutes 
 in the water ; slice the lemon and put it and the cream 
 of tartar into a large pan ; pour the boiling liquor upon 
 them, stir it well round, and when milk warm, add the 
 yeast; cover it over; let it remain two or three days to 
 work, skimming it frequently ; then strain it through a 
 jelly-bag into a cask ; add the brandy ; bung down very 
 close; and at the end of a fortnight or three weeks, 
 
604 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 draw it off and bottle, and cork very tight; tie the cork 
 down with twine or wire. If it does not work well at 
 first, add a little more yeast, but be careful of adding too 
 much lest it taste of it. 
 
 SPRUCE BEER. 
 
 Take, if white is intended, six pounds of sugar ; if 
 brown, as much treacle, and a pot of spruce, and ten 
 gallons of water. 
 
 This is also managed in the same way as ginger beer, 
 except that it should be bottled as soon as it has done 
 working. 
 
 TO PRESERVE FISH BY SUGAR. 
 
 Fish may be preserved in a dry state, and perfectly 
 fresh, by means of sugar alone, and even with a very 
 small quantity of it. 
 
 Fresh fish may be kept in that state for some days, so 
 as to be as good when boiled as if just caught. If dried, 
 and kept free from mouldiness, there seems no limit to 
 their preservation ; and they are much better in this way 
 than when salted. The sugar gives no disagreeable taste. 
 
 This process is particularly valuable in making what 
 is called kippered salmon ; and the fish preserved in this 
 manner, are far superior in quality and flavor to those 
 which are salted or smoked. If desired, as much salt 
 may be used as to give the taste that may be required ; 
 but this substance does not conduce to their preservation. 
 
 In the preparation, it is barely necessary to open the 
 fish, and to apply the sugar to the muscular parts, placing 
 it in a horizontal position for two or three days, that this 
 substance may penetrate; after this it may be dried; 
 
RECIPES. 605 
 
 and it is only necessary to wipe and ventilate it occa- 
 sionally, to prevent mouldiness. 
 
 A tablespoonful of brown sugar is sufficient in this 
 manner for a salmon of five or six pounds weight ; and 
 if salt is desired, a teaspoonful or more may be added. 
 Saltpetre may be used instead, in the same proportion, if 
 it is desired to make the kipper hard. 
 
 TO COPY WRITINGS. 
 
 Take a piece of unsized paper exactly of the size of 
 the paper to be copied ; moisten it with water, or with 
 the following liquid: Take of distilled vinegar, two 
 pounds weight, dissolve it in one ounce of boracic acid ; 
 then take four ounces of oyster shells calcined to white- 
 ness, and carefully freed from their brown crust ; put 
 them into the vinegar ; shake the mixture frequently for 
 twenty-four hours ; then let it stand till it deposits its 
 sediment; filter the clear part through unsized paper into 
 a glass vessel ; then add two ounces of the best Aleppo 
 galls, bruised, and place the liquor in a warm place; 
 shake it frequently for twenty-four hours, then filter the 
 liquor again through unsized paper, and add to it, after 
 filtration, one quart, ale measure, of pure water. It must 
 then stand twenty-four hours; and be filtered again, if 
 it shows a disposition to deposit any sediment, which it 
 generally does. When paper has been wet with this 
 liquid, put it between two thick unsized papers to absorb 
 the superfluous moisture ; then lay it over the writing 
 to be copied, and put a piece of clean writing paper 
 above it. Put the whole on the board of a rolling press, 
 and press them through the rolls, as is done in printing 
 copper-plates, and a copy of the writing will appear on 
 
606 r GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 both sides of the thin moistened paper ; on one side in 
 a reversed order and direction, but on the other side in 
 the natural order and direction of the lines. 
 
 PASTE TO STOP BLEEDING. 
 
 Take of fresh nettles, one handful, bruise them in a 
 mortar ; add blue vitriol, in powder, four ounces ; wheat 
 flour, two ounces ; wine vinegar, one-half ounce ; oil of 
 vitriol, one-half ounce. Beat them all together into a 
 paste. Let the wound be filled up with this paste, and 
 a proper pledget of tow laid over the mouth, in order to 
 prevent it from falling out, and then bandage it on with 
 a strong roller. This dressing must remain in the wound 
 ten or twelve hours. 
 
 TO PRESERVE FURS. 
 
 When laying up muffs and tippets for the summer, if 
 a tallow candle be placed on or near them, all danger of 
 caterpillars will be obviated. 
 
 WATER-PROOF COMPOSITION FOR LEATHER OR CLOTH. 
 
 The new patent water-proof composition consists of 
 the following materials : Boil six gallons of linseed oil ; 
 one pound and a half of resin ; four pounds and a half 
 of red lead, litharge, or any other substance usually 
 called dryers, together, till they acquire such a consist- 
 ence as to adhere to the fingers in strings when cooled ; 
 then remove the mixture from the fire, and when suffi- 
 ciently cooled, thin it to the consistence of sweet oil, 
 with spirits of turpentine, of which it commonly takes 
 
RECIPES. 607 
 
 six gallons ; leave it to settle for a day or two ; pour off 
 the liquid from the grounds, and intimately mix with it 
 one pound and a half of ivory or lamp black, and one 
 pound and a half of Prussian blue, ground in linseed 
 oil. The composition is then ready to be used on any 
 kind of leather or cloth. Stir up the liquid and apply 
 it with a brush till an even gloss is produced ; hang up 
 the material acted upon till the next day, taking care to 
 leave the surface as even as possible, and proceed in the 
 same manner till it has the desired appearance. 
 
 TO IMITATE NAPLES SOAP. 
 
 Take of fresh ley, strong enough to bear an egg, eight 
 pounds; and put to it of deer's, goat's, or lamb's suet, 
 (which has previously been well cleansed from all skins, 
 etc., by rose water) two pounds, and one pound of olive 
 oil, or rather behn-nut oil. Let all these simmer over 
 the fire in a well glazed pot, until it be pretty nearly of 
 the consistence of crown or Naples soap ; then turn it 
 out into a large flat pan, which set on the leads or roof 
 of the house, exposed to the heat of the sun for fifty days. 
 The pan must be covered over with a bell glass, such as 
 the gardeners use, and the mixture must be stirred well 
 once a day during the whole of this time. 
 
 In about six weeks or two months, the operator will 
 have a most excellent ground work for Naples soap, 
 which only requires performing in the following manner, 
 to render it even preferable to the foreign sorts : 
 
 Take of oil of rhodium, one ounce ; of spirit of am- 
 bergris, two ounces and a half; spirit of musk, half an 
 ounce ; mix these well together, and then put the com- 
 pound into the pan of soap. Stir the whole well, and 
 
608 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 incorporate the perfumes with the soap, on a marble 
 stone by means of a muller. Put up into small jars, or 
 preserve in a mass in a large jar, according to sale or 
 convenience. If kept for twelve months, this soap will 
 be found by comparison, to be far preferable to the best 
 soap that ever came from Naples. 
 
 SHINING BLACK INK. 
 
 Beat up well together in an iron mortar the following 
 ingredients in a dry state, viz.: eight ounces of best blue 
 gall nuts ; four ounces of copperas, or sulphate of iron ; 
 two ounces of clear gum arable, and three pints of clear 
 rain water. "When properly powdered, put to the above ; 
 let the whole be shaken in a stone bottle three or four 
 times a day, for seven days, and at the end of that time 
 pour the liquor off gently into another stone bottle, which 
 place in an airy situation to prevent it from becoming 
 foul or mothery. When used put the liquor into the ink- 
 stand as required. 
 
 PROCESS FOR MAKING THE BEST INK. 
 
 Take six quarts (beer measure) of clear water, soft or 
 hard, and boil in it for about an hour, four ounces of the 
 best Campeachy logwood, chipped very thin across the 
 grain, adding, from time to time, boiling water to supply 
 in part the loss by evaporation ; strain the liquor while 
 hot, and suffer it to cool. If the liquor is then short of 
 five quarts, make it equal to this quantity by the addi- 
 tion of cold water. After which, let one pound of bruised 
 blue gall, or twenty ounces of the best common galls, be 
 added. Let a paste be prepared by triturating four oun- 
 ces of sulphate of iron (green vitriol) calcined to white- 
 
RECIPES. 609 
 
 ness, and let half an ounce of acetite of copper (verdi- 
 gris) be well incorporated together with the above decoc- 
 tion, into a mass, throwing in, also, three ounces of coarse 
 brown sugar, and six ounces of gum Senegal, or arabic. 
 Put the materials into a stone bottle of such a size as to 
 half fill it ; let the mouth be left open, and shake the 
 bottle well, twice or thrice a day. In about a fortnight 
 it may be filled, and kept in well stopped bottles for use. 
 It requires to be protected from the frost, which would 
 considerably injure it. 
 
 BEST INK POWDER. 
 
 Infuse a pound of galls, powdered, and three ounces of 
 pomegranate peels, in a gallon of soft water for a week, 
 in a gentle heat, and then strain off the fluid through a 
 coarse linen cloth. Then add to it eight ounces of vitriol, 
 dissolved in a quart of water, and let them remain for a 
 day or two, preparing in the meantime a decoction of 
 ]ogwood, by boiling a pound of the chips in a gallon of 
 water, till one- third be wasted, and then straining the 
 remaining fluid while it is hot. Mix the decoction and 
 the solution of galls and vitriol together, and add five 
 ounces of gum arabic, and then evaporate the mixture 
 over a common fire to about two quarts, when the re- 
 mainder must be put into a vessel proper for that pur- 
 pose, and reduced to dryness, by hanging the vessel in 
 boiling water. The mass left, after the fluid has wholly 
 exhaled, must be well powdered ; and when wanted for 
 use, may be converted into ink by the addition of water. 
 
 INK POWDER FOR IMMEDIATE USE. 
 
 Reduce into subtle powder ten ounces of gall-nuts, 
 39 
 
610 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 three ounces of Roman vitriol, (green copperas,) with two 
 ounces each of roche alum and gum arabic. Then put 
 a little of this mixture into a glass of white wine, and it 
 will be fit for instant use. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take equal parts of black resin, burnt peach or apricot 
 stones, vitriol and gall-nuts, and two of gum arabic, put 
 the whole in powder or cake as required. 
 
 EXCHEQUER INK. 
 
 To forty pounds of galls, add ten pounds of gum, nine 
 pounds of copperas, and forty-five gallons of soft water. 
 This ink will endure for centuries. 
 
 RED INK. 
 
 Take of the raspings of Brazil wood a quarter of a 
 pound, and infuse them two or three days in vinegar, 
 which should be colorless where it can be so procured. 
 Boil the infusion an hour over a gentle fire, and after- 
 wards filter it, while hot, through paper laid in an earth- 
 enware cullender. Put it again over the fire, and dis- 
 solve in it, first half an ounce of gum arabic, and after- 
 wards of alum and white sugar, each half an ounce. 
 Care should be taken that the Brazil wood be not adul- 
 terated with the Brasiletto or Campeachy wood. 
 
 PERMANENT RED INK. 
 
 Take of oil of lavender one hundred and twenty grains ; 
 of copal in powder, seventeen grains ; red sulphurate of 
 
RECIPES. 611 
 
 mercury, sixty grains. The oil of lavender being dissi- 
 pated with a gentle heat, a color will be left on the paper 
 surrounded with the copal ; a substance insoluble in wa- 
 ter, spirits, acids, or alkaline solutions. This composi- 
 tion possesses a permanent color, and a manuscript writ- 
 ten with it, may be exposed to the process commonly 
 used for restoring the color of printed books, without 
 injury to the writing. In this manner interpolations 
 with common ink may be removed. 
 
 GREEN WRITING INK. 
 
 Take an ounce of verdigris, and having powdered it, 
 put to it a quart of vinegar, etc. After it has stood two 
 or three days strain off the liquid; or, instead of this, 
 use the crystals of verdigris dissolved in water ; then dis- 
 solve, in a pint of either of these solutions, five drachms 
 of gum arabic, and two drachms of white sugar. 
 
 YELLOW WRITING INK. 
 
 Boil two ounces of the French berries in a quart of 
 water, with half an ounce of alum, till one-third of the 
 fluid be evaporated. Then dissolve in it two drachms 
 of gum arabic, and one drachm of sugar, and afterwards 
 a drachm of alum, powdered. 
 
 BLUE INK. 
 
 This may be made by diffusing Prussian blue, or indi- 
 go, through strong gum-water. The common water- 
 color cakes, diffused in water, will make sufficiently good 
 colored inks for most purposes. 
 
612 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 CAMPHOR A REMEDY FOR MICE. 
 
 Any one desirous of keeping seeds from the depre- 
 dations of mice, can do so by mixing pieces of camphor 
 gum in with the seeds. Camphor placed in drawers or 
 trunks will prevent mice from doing them injury. The 
 little animal objects to the oder, and keeps a good dis- 
 tance from it ; he will seek food elsewhere. 
 
 TO REMOVE STAINS FROM THE HANDS. 
 
 Damp the hands first in water, then rub them with 
 tartaric acid, or salt of lemons, as you would with soap ; 
 rinse them, and rub them dry. Tartaric acid, or salt of 
 lemons, will quickly remove stains from white muslin or 
 linens. Put less than half a teaspoonful of the salt or 
 acid into a tablespoonful of water ; wet the stain with it, 
 and lay it in the sun for an hour ; wet it, once or twice, 
 with cold water during the time. If this does not quite 
 remove it, repeat the acid water, and lay it in the sun. 
 
 TO MAKE PRIME VINEGAR. 
 
 Mix one quart of molasses, three gallons of rain water, 
 and one pint of yeast. Let it ferment and stand four 
 weeks, and you will have the best of vinegar. 
 
 GRAFTING CEMENT. 
 
 One part beef's tallow, two parts beeswax, and four 
 parts resin ; melt and mix well together ; then pour into 
 cold water, and work very thoroughly, as shoemaker's 
 wax is worked before using. "Wax for grafting, made 
 
RECIPES. 613 
 
 in this way, possesses the advantage of not cracking in 
 cold water, or melting in hot water. 
 
 • * 
 
 PICKLES. 
 
 An excellent way to make pickles that will keep a year 
 or more, is to drop them into boiling water, boil them ; 
 let them stay in ten minutes, wipe them dry, and drop 
 into cold spiced vinegar, and they will not need to be 
 put into salt and water, and are always ready for use. 
 
 GOOD PASTE. 
 
 Water, warm 1 quart. 
 
 Alum 1 ounce. 
 
 Dissolve and add flour to make it the consistence of 
 cream. Then stir in nearly as much powdered resin as 
 will stand on a quarter of a dollar, and two or three 
 cloves, also powdered ; then boil to a consistence, stir- 
 ring all the time. This paste will keep twelve months, 
 and when dry may be softened by water. Now every 
 house and store could easily take advantage of this re- 
 cipe, and by very little cost be provided with a good paste, 
 free of smell and ever ready for use. 
 
 CHEMISTRY AND CIDER. 
 
 A few years ago chemistry and sugar-making were 
 found to be intimately connected. The chemist told the 
 planter how to arrest the natural tendency of cane-juice 
 to acidify. It was simply to add a little sulphite of lime. 
 Now he tells the cider-makers the same thing. Mind, it 
 is sulphite, and not sulphate. The latter is a natural 
 form of lime, known as plaster of Paris. The former is 
 
614 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 a preparation by the chemists — the salts of sulphurous 
 acid. To use this material, which is inexpensive and 
 harmless to health, in preserving cider, Professor Hors- 
 ford of Harvard University, says : 
 
 " Put the new cider into clean casks or barrels, and 
 allow it to ferment from one to three weeks, according 
 as the weather is cool or warm. When it has attained 
 to lively fermentation, add to each gallon three-fourths 
 of a pound of white sugar, and let the whole ferment 
 again until it possesses nearly the brisk, pleasant taste 
 which it is desirable should be permanent. Pour out a 
 quart of the cider and mix with it one quarter of an 
 ounce of sulphite of lime for every gallon the cask con- 
 tains. Stir until it is intimately mixed, and pour the 
 emulsion into the liquid. Agitate the contents of the cask 
 thoroughly for a few moments, then let it rest, that the 
 cider may settle. Fermentation will be arrested at once, 
 and will not be resumed. It may be bottled in the course 
 of a few weeks, or it may be allowed to remain in the 
 cask and used on draft. If bottled, it will become a 
 sparkling cider — better than what is called champagne 
 wine." 
 
 LARD AND TALLOW CANDLES. 
 
 The following method of making the above named 
 candles is described in the New England " Parmer," by 
 a correspondent: " I kept both tallow and lard candles 
 through the last summer, the lard candles standing the 
 heat the best, and burning quite as well, and giving as 
 good light as tallow ones. Directions for making good 
 candles from lard : For twelve pounds of lard take one 
 pound of saltpetre, and one pound of alum ; mix and 
 
RECIPES. 615 
 
 pulverize them ; dissolve the saltpetre and alum in a gill 
 of boiling water ; pour the compound into the lard be- 
 fore it is quite all melted ; stir the whole until it boils and 
 skim off what rises ; let it simmer until the water is all 
 boiled out, or till it ceases to throw off steam ; pour off 
 the lard as soon as it is done, and clean the boiler while 
 it is hot. If the candles are to be run, you commence 
 immediately ; if to be dipped, let the lard cool first to a 
 cake, and then treat it as you would tallow." 
 
 TO MEASURE HAY IN MOWS. 
 
 The editor of the New Jersey " Farmer," says that he 
 has proved the following rule for finding the number of 
 tons of hay in a given bulk : " Take a mow of twelve 
 feet in depth, and which has been filled with hay, as it 
 was drawn from the field, and has been lying till springy 
 and measure the length, breadth and height in feet; 
 multiply them to get the cubical contents. For instance, 
 the length is twenty feet, breadth forty feet, and height, 
 sixteen feet — twenty times forty makes eight hundred, 
 multiplied by sixteen, is equal to twelve thousand eight 
 hundred cubic feet, which, being divided by seven hun- 
 dred, the number of feet that make a ton of two thous- 
 and pounds, will give eighteen tons two hundred pounds. 
 The top of a mow, say about one-third, we rate at eight 
 hundred feet to the ton, the middle seven hundred feet, 
 and the bottom of the mow at six hundred — so the 
 whole bulk would average seven hundred feet, if the 
 mow is twelve or fifteen feet deep, but if only five or 
 six feet deep, count eight hundred feet for a ton, and so 
 accordingly with other bulks." 
 
616 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 A FIRST RATE WHITEWASH. 
 
 We have tried various preparations for whitewashing 
 ceilings, and the walls of unpapered rooms, but have never 
 found anything that was 'entirely satisfactory until the 
 present spring. "We have now something that affords a 
 beautiful, clear, white color, and which cannot be rubbed 
 off. We procured at a paint store, a dollar's worth of 
 first quality "Paris White" — thirty-three pounds, at 
 three cents per pound — and for this quantity, one pound 
 of white glue, of the best quality, usually called Cooper's 
 glue, because manufactured by Peter Cooper of New 
 York. Retail price fifty cents per pound. For one 
 day's work, one-half pound of the glue was put in a tin 
 vessel, and covered with cold water over night. In the 
 morning, this was carefully heated until dissolved, when 
 it was added to sixteen pounds of the Paris white, pre- 
 viously stirred in a moderate quantity of hot water. 
 Enough water was then added to give the whole a 
 proper milky consistency, when it was applied with a 
 brush in the ordinary manner. Our thirty-three pounds 
 of Paris white and one pound of glue sufficed for two 
 ceilings, and the walls and ceilings of seven other smaller 
 rooms. 
 
 A single coat is equal to a double coat of lime wash, 
 while the white is far more lively or brilliant than lime. 
 Indeed, the color is nearly equal to that of zinc white, 
 which costs at least four times as much. We are sat- 
 isfied, by repeated trials, that no whitewash can be made 
 to adhere firmly without glue, or some kind of sizing, 
 and this will invariably be colored in time, with the 
 caustic lime. The Paris white, on the contrary, is simply 
 
RECIPES. 617 
 
 pure washed chalk, and is entirely inert, producing no 
 caustic effect on the sizing. — Ohio Agriculturist 
 
 THE PRESERVATION OF CIDER. 
 
 Prof. Horsford sent the following receipt for pre- 
 serving and improving cider, to the Massachusetts Hor- 
 ticultural Society at its last meeting : 
 
 Cambridge, Oct. 25, 1858. 
 President of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society : 
 
 Dear Sir : I beg to inclose a recipe for improving ci- 
 der. The object to which my efforts have been directed, 
 was to provide a cheap, easily managed, and perfectly 
 safe agent for arresting fermentation, at any desired 
 stage of its progress. 
 
 The fermentation of the sugar of the cider, it is well 
 known, is due to the fermentation of an albuminous sub- 
 stance which the cider holds in suspension or solution. 
 
 By fermentation, the sugar is first converted into al- 
 cohol and carbonic acid. If the albuminous matter be 
 in great excess, as it uniformly is, its fermentation goes 
 forward to convert the alcohol into acetic acid, and the 
 cider becomes sour. If the quantity of sugar be large, 
 a corresponding quantity of alcohol will be produced. 
 When it is not in sufficient quantity, it may be added to 
 the cider, and more of the albuminous matter consumed 
 to produce alcohol and carbonic acid, and of course less 
 will remain to convert the alcohol into vinegar. 
 
 But if, when the fermentation has been carried forward 
 just far enough to impart to the cider the taste which is 
 most preferred — when it is sparkling, still sweet, but 
 
618 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 slightly acid ; if at this stage the albuminous matter be 
 withdrawn, the cider will permanently retain its accept- 
 able flavor. 
 
 To accomplish this withdrawal, I employ sulphite of 
 lime — a salt made soluble only by acid, and of course 
 quite inert until acid presents itself to the cider. As soon 
 as fermentation produces acetic acid, this salt yields sul- 
 phurous acid, which destroys the ferment. This is essen- 
 tially the agent employed to prevent fermentation in the 
 wine production of France. 
 
 The substance I employ, settles out at the bottom with 
 the lees, and may be entirely separated from the cider. 
 
 The testimony of quite a number of friends, who have 
 for the last three years followed the recipe, as well as the 
 experiments I have myself directed, are so emphatic as 
 to the excellence of the result, that I feel justified in sub- 
 mitting to the attention of the Horticultural Society 
 this method of improving cider. 
 
 I am, very respectfully, 
 
 your obedient servant, 
 
 E. K HOKSFORD, 
 
 Prof, of Hor. Ckem. to the Mass. Hor. Soc. 
 RECIPE FOR IMPROVING CIDER. 
 
 Let the new cider from sour apples (sound and selected 
 fruit is to be preferred) ferment from one week to three 
 weeks, as the weather is warm or cool. When it has at- 
 tained to lively fermentation, add to each gallon, ac- 
 cording to its acidity, from a half pound to two pounds 
 of white crushed sugar, and let the whole ferment until 
 it possesses precisely the taste which it is desired should 
 be permanent. 
 
RECIPES. 619 
 
 In this condition, pour out a quart of the cider and 
 add for each gallon, one quarter of an ounce of sulphite 
 of lime, known as an article of manufacture under the 
 name of anti-chloride of lime. Stir the powder and 
 cider until intimately mixed, and return the emulsion to 
 the fermenting liquid. Agitate briskly and thoroughly 
 for a few moments, and then let the cider settle. The 
 fermentation will cease at once. 
 
 When, after a few days, the cider has become clear, 
 draw off and bottle carefully, or remove the sediment 
 and return to the original vessel. If loosely corked, or 
 kept in a barrel on draft, it will retain its taste as a still 
 cider. If preserved in bottles carefully corked, which is 
 better, it will become a sparkling cider, and may be kept 
 indefinitely long. 
 
 WASHING FLUID. 
 
 Take one pound of soda and a half pound of un- 
 slacked lime, put them in a gallon of water and let them 
 boil twenty minutes ; let it stand till cool ; then drain 
 off, and put it in a stone jar or jug. Soak your dirty 
 clothes until they are well wet thorough ; then wring 
 them out and rub on plenty of soap ; and in one boiler 
 of clothes well covered with water, add one teaspoonful 
 of the washing fluid ; boil half an hour briskly ; then 
 wash them thoroughly through one suds, and rinse them 
 well through two waters, and your clothes will look bet- 
 ter than the old way of washing twice before boiling. 
 This recipe is invaluable, and every poor tired woman 
 should try it. With a patent tub to do the little rub- 
 bing, the washer-woman might take the last novel and 
 compose herself on the lounge, and let the washing do 
 itself. 
 
620 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 TO RESTORE DROWNED PERSONS. 
 
 An eminent physician of London, gives instructions 
 for the resuscitation of drowned persons, which, though 
 we believe they have in some cases proved effectual, are 
 quite at variance with the methods commonly resorted 
 to. He says: "There is one great impediment to the 
 function of respiration, which is the falling back of the 
 tongue across the top of the glottis, or entrance into the 
 wind-pipe. In order to remove this, the patient is to be 
 placed upon his face and breast, and the body is to be 
 turned on the side, and then returned slowly to its proper 
 position. This motion, the effect of which is to cause a 
 considerable amount of air in the lungs to be expelled 
 and reinspired, is to be kept up till breathing is restored 
 or all hopes of resuscitation from this source are aban- 
 doned." 
 
 ASTHMA PAPER. 
 
 Persons subject to attacks of spasmodic asthma, will 
 receive some relief during the paroxysms, by inhaling 
 fumes given off from burning paper prepared with salt- 
 petre. The paper should be loose and white, the same 
 as that used for absorbing ink blots, and it should not 
 contain any fibres of wool. Four ounces of saltpetre, 
 dissolved in a pint of water, makes a solution of suffi- 
 cient strength for the purpose. The paper is soaked in 
 this for a few minutes, then taken t out and dried thor- 
 oughly. It is then cut into pieces four inches square, 
 and one or two pieces burned when required. Paper 
 prepared in this manner, gives out considerable amount 
 of free oxygen gas when it is burned. 
 
RECIPES. 621 
 
 HAIR POWDER PERFUME. 
 
 Take half a pound of pulvil powder, made from apple- 
 tree moss, half an ounce of grey ambergris, thirty grains 
 of musk, and twenty grains of civet. Grind the musk 
 and civet with loaf sugar to a very fine powder ; melt the 
 ambergris with six drops of the oil of behn-nuts, over a 
 gentle fire, in a clean vessel, not brass or copper ; add, as 
 it melts, a few drops of the juice of green lemon, and 
 about four drops each of oil of rhodium and laven- 
 der. When the ambergris is melted, put the above pow- 
 der into it ; stir and mix it well. Add, by degrees, the 
 powder of apple-moss ; and when the whole is combined, 
 pulverize and sift it through a very fine hair sieve ; what 
 will not pass through, return into the mortar again and 
 pound it with loaf sugar until the whole is reduced to 
 fine powder. 
 
 TO DESTROY SUPERFLUOUS HAIR. 
 
 Take of fresh limestone, one ounce ; pure potassa, one 
 drachm ; sulphurate of potassa, one drachm. Reduce them 
 to a fine powder in a wedgewood mortar. If the hair 
 be first washed, or soaked in warm water, (130 degrees 
 Fahr.,) for ten minutes, this article formed into a thin 
 paste, with warm water, and applied whilst warm, will 
 so effectually destroy the hair in five or six minutes, that 
 it may be removed by washing the skin with flannel. It 
 is a powerful caustic, and should, therefore, be removed 
 as soon as it begins to inflame the skin, by washing it off 
 with vinegar. It softens the skin, and greatly improves 
 its appearance. 
 
622 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 TO DRESS HAKE, MOLE, OR RABBIT SKINS. 
 
 Take a teaspoonful of alum, and two of salt-petre, 
 both finely powdered; mix them well; sprinkle the 
 powder on the flesh side of the skins, then lay the two 
 salted sides together, leaving the fur outward ; roll the 
 skin exceedingly tight, and tie it round with packthread ; 
 hang it in a dry place for some days, then open it, and if 
 sufficiently dry, scrape it quite clean with a blunt knife, 
 and keep it in a dry situation. This finishes the process. 
 
 It may not be generally known that the bitter apple, 
 bruised and put into muslin bags, will effectually prevent 
 furs from being destroyed by moths. 
 
 TO TAKE OUT GREASE FROM CLOTHES. 
 
 Take off the grease with the nail, or if that cannot be 
 done, have a hot iron with some thick brown paper; lay 
 the paper on the part where the grease is, then put the 
 iron upon the spot ; if the grease comes through the pa- 
 per, put on another piece till it does not soil the paper. 
 If not all out, wrap a little bit of cloth or flannel round 
 the finger, dip it into spirits of wine, and rub the grease 
 spot ; this will take it entirely out. Be careful not to 
 have the iron too hot ; try it first on a piece of white 
 paper ; if it turn the paper brown, or scorch it in the 
 least, it is too hot. If paint should get on the coats, 
 always have spirit of wine or turpentine ready, this, with 
 a piece of flannel or cloth, will easily take it off, if not 
 left to get quite dry. 
 
 ROSE PERFUME. 
 
 Take two pecks of fresh dry damask rose leaves ; strip 
 
RECIPES. 623 
 
 them from their leaves and stalks ; have ready sixteen 
 pounds of fine hair powder. Strew a layer of rose leaves 
 on sheets of paper, at the bottom of a box ; cover them 
 over with a layer of hair powder ; then strew alternately 
 a layer of roses and powder, nntil the whole of each has 
 been used. "When they have lain twenty-four hours, sift 
 the powder out, and expose it to the air twenty-four 
 hours more. Stir it often. Add fresh rose leaves twice, 
 as before, and proceed in the same way ; after this, dry 
 the powder well by a gentle heat, and pass it through a 
 fine sieve. Lastly, pour ten drops of oil of rhodium, or 
 three drops of otto of roses on loaf sugar, which tritur- 
 ate in a glass mortar, and stir well into the powder, which 
 put into a box or glass for use. This hair powder per- 
 fume will be excellent, and will keep well. 
 
 BERGAMOT PERFUME. 
 
 Take sixteen pounds of hair powder, and forty drops 
 of Roman oil of bergamot, and proceed in all respects 
 as before, but do not leave the compound exposed to the 
 air for in this case the bergamot is so volatile that it will 
 quickly fly off. 
 
 AMBERGRIS HAIR POWDER. 
 
 Take twelve pounds of fine starch powder, add three 
 pounds of the ambergris perfume ; mix them well to- 
 gether, and run it twice through a fine hair sieve. Put 
 it into a well closed box or glass, for use. This is the 
 first and best sort of ambergris powder; but for a second, 
 or inferior sort, put only a pound and a half of the per- 
 fume, to the above quantity of starch powder. 
 
624 GUIDE TO HEALTH 
 
 TO SWEETEN THE BREATH. 
 
 Take two ounces of terra japonica, half an ounce of 
 sugar-candy, both in powder. Grind one drachm of the 
 best ambergris with ten grains ^lf pure musk, and dis- 
 solve a quarter of an ounce of clean gum tragacanth in 
 two ounces of orange flower water. Mix all together, so 
 as to form a paste, which roll into pieces of the thickness 
 of a straw. Cut these into pieces and lay them in clean 
 paper. This is an excellent perfume for those whose 
 breath is disagreeable. 
 
 TO PERFUME CLOTHES. 
 
 Take of oven- dried best cloves, cedar and rhubarb 
 wood, each one ounce; beat them to a powder and 
 sprinkle them in a box or chest, where they will create 
 a most beautiful scent, and preserve the apparel against 
 moths. 
 
 PERFUMED BAGS FOR DRAWERS. 
 
 Cut, slice, and mix well together, in the state of very 
 gross powder, the following ingredients : Two ounces of 
 yellow saunclers, two ounces of coriander seeds, two 
 ounces of orris root, two ounces of calamus aromaticus, 
 two ounces of cloves, two ounces of cinnamon bark, two 
 ounces of dried rose leaves, two ounces of lavender flow- 
 ers, and one pound of oak shavings. When properly 
 mixed, stuff the above into small linen bags, which place 
 in drawers, wardrobes, etc., which are musty or liable to 
 become so. 
 
RECIPES. 625 
 
 EXCELLENT PERFUME FOR GLOVES. 
 
 Take of ambergris, one drachm ; civet, the like quanti- 
 ty ; add flour-butter, a quarter of an ounce ; and with 
 these well mixed, rub the gloves over gently with fine 
 cotton wool, and press the perfume into them. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take of damask or rose scent, half an ounce; the 
 spirit of cloves and mace, each a drachm ; frankincense, 
 a quarter of an ounce. Mix them together and lay them 
 in papers, and when hard, press the gloves ; they will 
 take the scent in twenty-four hours, and hardly ever 
 lose it. 
 
 TINCTURE OF MUSK. 
 
 This excellent spirit requires six drachms of China 
 musk, twenty grains of civet, and two drachms of red 
 rose buds. Reduce these ingredients to powder with loaf 
 sugar, and pour over them three pints of spirits of wine. 
 
 HAIR SPECIFICS. 
 
 No. 1. Take eau de cologne, two ounces ; tincture of 
 cantharides, half an ounce, and add twenty drops of oil 
 of lavender. 
 
 No. 2. Yinegar of cantharides, half an ounce ; eau de 
 cologne and rose water, each half an ounce. 
 
 No, 3. An ounce of castor oil, mix it thoroughly with 
 a pint of alcohol, and add half an ounce of tincture of 
 cantharides. 
 40 
 
626 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Kb. 4. Sulphuric ether, one ounce ; tincture of canthar- 
 ides, one ounce ; olive oil, one ounce ; alcohol, one pint. 
 
 These four recipes are capable of making excellent 
 tricopherous, both for keeping the head clean, prevent- 
 ing the hair falling off, and, in some cases, curing partial 
 baldness. In using them the head should be brushed 
 smartly with a hard hair-brush, the lotion then applied 
 with a piece of sponge, the head brushed again, and a 
 silk night-cap put on. The best period to apply it is just 
 before going to bed, but it may also be used at any time 
 of the day. 
 
 The philosophy of such hair specifics consists in con- 
 sidering decay in the growth of hair to be due to an 
 absence of vigorous action in the nerves of the scalp. 
 The tincture of cantharides excites action in these 
 nerves, and its office is to restore vigor to the hair, pre- 
 venting its falling out, and promoting its growth. The 
 oil keeps the skin soft, and the alcohol tends to dissolve 
 the scurf, and keep the scalp clean. The alcohol requires 
 to be 95 per cent, proof, or it will not dissolve the oil. 
 
 HAIR OIL. 
 
 Take equal parts pure olive oil, (sweet oil,) and cold 
 pressed castor oil, and to each pint of the mixture add 
 one-fourth pint of brandy, and the same of cologne. I 
 have used this recipe for years, and prefer it to any 
 other where the hair simply needs dressing. 
 
 TO RESTORE GRAY HAIR 
 
 To its original color, and to prevent it coming out, and 
 
RECIPES. 627 
 
 also to promote the growth, of hair which has fallen out, 
 and to beautify and invigorate the same. 
 
 Take Lac sulphur 1 ounce 
 
 Sugar of lead. £ « 
 
 Pure rain water, distilled, 1 quart 
 
 Tincture cantharides 2 ounces 
 
 Scent with otto of roses or oil burgamot. Apply suffi- 
 cient to the head every other night or morning to moisten 
 the hair, rubbing it vigorously, so that it may reach the 
 roots. It is best to apply it at night, and use a silk night- 
 cap. To restore the color to its original hue, it should 
 be used every other morning for about three or four 
 weeks, then twice a week for about the same length of 
 time, and finally, only once a week. Use no cologne, 
 but instead, use a liquid made as follows : 
 
 Take Bay rum, pure, 1 pint 
 
 Olive oil 3 « 
 
 Brandy 2 " 
 
 All by measure ; mix well, and use every morning, just 
 enough to moisten the hair, brushing it briskly so as to 
 distribute it through the hair equally and thoroughly ; 
 then comb it, and in a short time there will be a beauti- 
 ful growth and color. If the hair inclines to become too 
 black, emit the last mixture and use 
 
 Olive oil 1 part 
 
 Good brandy 3 " 
 
 Which will moderate the color, by leaving out the bay 
 rum. 
 
 INTEMPERANCE AND GLUTTONY. 
 
 I am honestly of the opinion that intemperate habits 
 in eating and drinking are the immediate cause of more 
 suffering to the human family, than all other causes com- 
 
628 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 bined. Diseases are engendered and the foundation laid 
 for different sufferings, which, to the casual observer, 
 are not so noticeable and are not so calculable. The mis- 
 eries of intemperance, when collated, would make an 
 array of such stupendous magnitude, that it would even 
 open the eyes of the most devoted Bacchanalian, in won- 
 der and amazement. The use of ardent spirits is par- 
 ticularly pernicious to the human frame. It destroys 
 the mind, the soul, and the body, and renders desolate 
 the home and the fireside ; brings disgrace, disease and 
 reproach upon the innocent, while the guilty one suffers 
 all the miseries that the human body is capable of under- 
 going, until finally, nature yields to the extraordinary de- 
 mands made upon her, and the poor, deluded victim sinks 
 into a wretched and disgraced grave, " unwept, unhonor- 
 ed, and unsung." 
 
 And there is no one other cause which induces more 
 misery, disease, and sickness, than intemperance in diet. 
 The glutton is soon made to feel the effect of over-gorg- 
 ing himself with strong, indigestable food, and he not 
 only suffers, but he hands it down to his progeny in the 
 shape of bronchial affections, ulcers, sores, consumption, 
 etc., which, had the parent paid due attention to the laws 
 of nature, by not over-burthening them, the offspring 
 would have been free of all or any of these affections. 
 
 There are other vices incident to parents, which, if 
 they do not bear directly on the physical condition of 
 their children, they certainly have much to do with their 
 moral and spiritual being, and frequently bears heavily 
 on their physical organization, indirectly, at least — I 
 mean profane swearing. Parents addicted to this prac- 
 tice not unfrequently make use of words and oaths, which 
 has the effect to poison the mind of the young, and drive 
 
RECIPES. 629 
 
 them to seek the association of those who deal in such 
 language ; and no other place is so apt to furnish such 
 accomplished characters in profanity as the pot house 
 and ale shop. Once there, they imbibe the other bad 
 habits of these bad men, and the consequence is inebria- 
 cy, and consequently impaired health by diseases formed 
 by drinking the liquid poison. Hence the necessity of a 
 caution against anything that may lead the young to 
 such places, and finally to disease, sickness, and untimely 
 death. 
 Well might we sing with the poet : 
 
 " As polished steel receives a stain, 
 
 From drops at random flung, 
 So does the child, when words profane 
 
 Drop from a parents' tongue. 
 
 The rust eats in, and oft we find 
 
 That naught which we can do, 
 To cleanse the metal or the mind, 
 
 The brightness will renew." 
 
PAKT VI. 
 
 DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 
 
 " Life's lowest, "but far greatest sphere I sing, 
 Of all things that adorn the gaudy spring ; 
 Such as in deserts live, "whom, unconnned, 
 None but the simple laws of Nature bind ; 
 And those who, growing tame by human care, 
 The well-bred citizens of gardens are ; 
 Those that aspire to Sol, their sire's bright face, 
 Or stoop into their mother Earth's embrace ; 
 Such as drink streams, or wells, or those dry fed, 
 Who have Jove only for their Ganymede ; 
 And all that Solomon's lost work of old 
 (Ah ! fatal loss !) so wisely did unfold. 
 Though I the oak's vivacious age should live, 
 I ne'er to all their names in verse could give." — Cowley. 
 
 There is scarcely a plant that greens the fields, a flow- 
 er that gems the pasture, a shrub that tufts the garden, 
 or a tree that shades the earth, which does not contain 
 certain medicinal virtues, to remove pains and heal dis- 
 eases. The American continent, though the last found, 
 is not the least favored in this respect. Embracing al- 
 most every clime and soil of the globe, it richly abounds 
 with drugs of every healing quality. The common say- 
 ing, that every country contains the best cures for its 
 own diseases, seems fully verified in America. Here, 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 631 
 
 above all countries, is the ague, and here, exclusively, is 
 the grand cure, the Peruvian bark tree, or dogwood. 
 And here, too, exclusively, is found the tobacco, the 
 Jamestown weed, the lobelia, the pink and snake-roots> 
 besides those other valuable plants, equal to the ipeca- 
 cuanha, rhubarb, jalap, etc., which have hitherto been 
 imported at a great expense, though not always genuine, 
 but which may now be obtained in our own fields and 
 woods, both unadulterated and cheap. Worthy of the 
 high character of Americans, many gentlemen of the 
 finest genius among us have explored the medical treas- 
 ures of our country, and have shown an eagerness to 
 make known the precious means to preserve the health 
 and lives of our citizens. First on the list of this noble 
 band of philanthropists stood that bright literary and 
 professional genius, the late Professor Barton, from 
 whose collections towards a Materia Medica of the United 
 States, much valuable matter has been selected. 
 
 Professor Chapman, succeeding the lamented Barton, 
 as teacher of Materia Medica, gave additional interest to 
 the studies connected with his department, and by the 
 application of his powerful talents to the acquisition of 
 appropriate learning and discovery, has made a hand- 
 some accession to the stock of knowledge, before extant. 
 
 Much is due also to Professors Beach, Mitchel, Ho- 
 sack, Cox, Baker, and to Doctors Mease, Cutler, Thomp- 
 son, etc. From the valuable discoveries of these gentle- 
 men, I have compiled a Materia Medica, exhibiting the 
 names, characters, and qualities of our best medicinal 
 plants hitherto discovered, together with the disease they 
 suit, and their proper doses and forms of administration; 
 the whole stripped of technical terms, and making a. 
 complete system for family use. 
 
632 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 CLASSIFICATION OF ARTICLES. 
 
 The various articles composing the Materia Medica 
 may be classed or divided as follows : 
 
 1. 
 
 Medicinal Plants ; 6. 
 
 Medicinal Barks ; 
 
 2. 
 
 do 
 
 Boots ; 7. 
 
 do 
 
 Gums ; 
 
 3. 
 
 do 
 
 Flowers ; 8. 
 
 do 
 
 Oils and Balsams ; 
 
 4. 
 
 do 
 
 Seeds ; 9. 
 
 do 
 
 Salts ; 
 
 5. 
 
 do 
 
 Extracts ; 10. 
 
 do 
 
 Minerals ; 
 
 
 
 11. Medicinal Earthy Substances. 
 
 
 
 BARBERRY, 
 
 
 
 History. — This shrub blossoms in April and May, the 
 berries ripen in June, but they are sometimes abortive. 
 The stamens of the flowers are irritable, and bend with 
 elasticity toward the pistil, when touched. 
 
 Locality. — It is found from Canada to Virginia, on 
 mountains, hills, among rocks, etc.; common in New 
 England, in rocky fields ; rare in the west and in rich 
 soils. 
 
 Qualities. — The whole shrub, even the root, is acid. 
 In the berries this acid becomes very pleasant, and is 
 probably the tartaric acid, but mixed with some astrin- 
 gency. The bark is yellow and bitter. 
 
 Properties.— Anti-septic, acid, sub-astringent, refriger- 
 ant, etc. Added to good hard cider, it is good in jaun- 
 dice. The berries contain a very acid and red juice, 
 which forms a pleasant and useful drink in fluxes and 
 malignant fevers, for abating heat, quenching thirst, rais- 
 ing the strength, and preventing putrefaction. Prosper 
 Alphinus says, that being attacked with a putrid fever, 
 
DESCRIPTION OP HERBS. 633 
 
 accompanied with a bilious diarrhoea, he attributes his re- 
 covery entirely to eating the fruit of the barberry. Simon 
 Pauli gives a similar account of the use of these ber- 
 ries. J. Buhin recommends the same remedy in dysen- 
 tery. 
 
 Employment. — Made into syrup, infusion, or decoction, 
 we add to it hard cider and give it in jaundice. I also 
 add it in other compounds. 
 
 pleury-root — {Asclepias Tuberasa.) 
 
 Common Names. — Orange, swallow-root, pleurisy-root, 
 butterfly-root, flux-root, wind-root, white-root, silk-weed, 
 Canada-root, etc. 
 
 History. — This plant is easily known by its bright 
 orange colored flowers, blossoming in July and August, 
 it is a very ornamental plant. All the asclepias are milky, 
 but this is less so than the others. 
 
 Locality. — It is found throughout the United States, 
 but grows more abundantly in the southern states; it 
 prefers open situations, poor and gravelly soils, along 
 gravelly streams, and on hills. 
 
 Properties. — Diaphoretic, expectorant, diuretic, or as- 
 tringent, carminative, anti-spasmodic, etc. 
 
 Employment. — This root is a popular remedy for pleu- 
 risy, and is used in the form of a tea to promote perspi- 
 ration ; it is also recommended for colic, flatulence, and 
 lung complaints. I also use it in other complaints. 
 
 chamomile — (Anthemis Nobilis) — The Flowers. 
 
 Common Name. — Chamomile. 
 
 Locality. — Chamomile is a perennial plant, indigenous 
 
634 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 in the south of England, but cultivated in our gardens 
 for medical purposes. 
 
 Properties. — Chamomile flowers are anti-spasmodic, 
 carminative, tonic, etc. They enter into numerous of 
 my compounds. 
 
 Employment. — These flowers may be given in infusion 
 or tea, which fmay be drank warm, to promote the ac- 
 tion of emetics. It may be taken in wine in case of de- 
 bility, and in the form of tea in pulmonary complaints, 
 and boiled in vinegar, may be used as a fomentation in 
 painful glandular swellings. They give out their virtues 
 both to water and spirits. 
 
 archangel — [Angelica, Archangelica) — The Boot, Stem 
 
 and Seed. 
 
 Common Name — Garden Archangel. 
 
 History. — This plant flowers in June and July, and the 
 seeds are ripe in August. 
 
 Locality. — This is a biennial plant, and indigenous to 
 the southern part of France, but is cultivated in our 
 gardens. 
 
 Properties. — It is administered with advantage in dis- 
 orders arising from flatulence and debility of the stomach, 
 and digestive organs. It is recommended in nervous 
 headache pains. We use it in the form of infusion or 
 tea for flatulence or wind. It may be given also for 
 pains in the breast. This is an excellent plant and en- 
 ters into some of my compounds. 
 
 black-snake hoot — (Actcea Bacemosa.) 
 
 Common Names. — Black-snake root, squaw root, rich 
 weed, rattle weed, rattle-snake root, black cohush. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 635 
 
 Description. — The black co-hush rises from four to six 
 feet high, with white flowers, succeeded by shells, which 
 contain the seed. The root is black, externally, irregu- 
 larly sloped, with many prongs and fibres. 
 
 History. — The American species has an extensive range 
 and was used by all the Indians. It blossoms in June 
 and July ; its seeds are ripe in August. The whole plant 
 and even the flowers, are possessed of medicinal proper- 
 ties. 
 
 Locality. — Found all over the United States from 
 Maine to Florida, Louisiana and Missouri, Texas, and 
 Canada ; common in open woods, rich grounds and on 
 the sides of hills ; not so common on rocky mountains 
 and in sunny glades ; very scarce in moist and swampy 
 soils. 
 
 Properties. — It makes a good poultice for every kind of 
 inflammation. A decoction may be made and thickened 
 with slippery-elm bark. A syrup made of it is good for 
 coughs, and a tincture made by adding an ounce of it, 
 pulverized, to one pint of spirits, may be given for chron- 
 ic rheumatism, from a teaspoonful to a tablespoonful 
 three times a day. 
 
 This root is very useful, and also enters into many of 
 my compounds. 
 
 Indian turnip — {Annuum Triphyllum) — The Boot. 
 
 Common Names. — Three-leaved arum Indian turnip, 
 dragon-root, dragon turnip, pepper turnip. 
 
 Description. — This plant rises from one to two feet high; 
 roots perennial, round, flattened, tuberous, with many 
 white fibres around the base ; skin dark, wrinkled, and 
 loose ; leaves oval, three on each plant, pale beneath, 
 
636 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 with regular parallel nerves. The germs, when ripe, be- 
 come berries of a very bright scarlet color. 
 
 History. — This plant blossoms with us from May to 
 July, and in the summer bears its bright scarlet berries. 
 
 Locality. — It grows all over North America in woods 
 and low moist soils. All soils and regions appear suited 
 to this plant ; but rich and shady grounds appear to suit 
 it best. 
 
 Qualities. — The whole plant, and the root in particular, 
 is possessed of a violent acrid, pungent, and even caustic 
 taste. 
 
 Properties. — Indian turnip, when fresh, make a power- 
 ful, strong, stimulating, acrid remedy. It makes an ex- 
 cellent poultice in scrofulous swelling ; when dried and 
 pulverized it is a good remedy for coughs, canker, pains 
 in the breast ; and given in teaspoonful doses, it is a 
 valuable remedy in cholic. It is said to be very effica- 
 cious in cases of low typhus fever. "An ointment made 
 of the fresh root and lard is useful," says a writer, "in 
 tina capitis," (scald head.) It enters into the irritating 
 plaster. 
 
 Indian hemp — (Apocynum Cannabinum) — The Root. 
 
 Common Names. — American ipecacuanha, Indian hemp, 
 Indian physic. 
 
 Description.— Stems of this plant from one to several, 
 about two feet in height, branched above, round and of 
 a redish color ; leaves numerous and ovate, hanging on 
 footstalks; flowers terminal, forming a loose panicle, 
 whitish, similar to buckwheat, which terminate in seed 
 pods, resembling cucumbers containing seeds ; roots com- 
 posed of numerous long, brown, and slender branches, 
 radiating from a thick tuber. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 637 
 
 Locality. — This is a perennial plant, indigenous to the 
 United States; grows in meadows and in low moist 
 woods. 
 
 Properties. — The root has been used with success in 
 dropsy. Add one quart of water to one ounce of the root, 
 and boil to one pint. Dose, a tablespoonful three or 
 four times a day ; measure the dose as the stomach will 
 bear. This preparation is said to have cured Alderman 
 Scott, of New York, of dropsy, and several others. It 
 is sometimes laxative and used for indigestion in the form 
 of bitters. 
 
 I have used it myself with great success. 
 
 male fern — (Aspidium Filix Mas) — The Boot 
 
 Common Name. — Male shield fern. 
 
 Description. — Root horizontal ; has a great many ap- 
 pendages placed close to each other in a vertical direc- 
 tion, while a number of small fibres strike downward; 
 leaves large, oval, pinate, pinulse, close to each other, 
 very long, and pinatified ; petioles short, of a deep brown 
 color, and furnished with scales; fruit kidney-formed 
 and rounded. 
 
 Locality. — " This plant is perennial, and grows in great 
 abundance in every part of Great Britain, where the 
 ground is not cultivated. It is found, also, growing on 
 the mountains and among rocks in New Jersey. 
 
 Properties. — Appears to be highly deleterious to intes- 
 tinal worms, and particularly to the tape worm. This 
 article constitutes the basis of the celebrated specific of 
 Madam Norner, for the tape worm. There is much evi- 
 dence that it has expelled the tape worm ; it is much 
 given in Europe for this purpose. A tablespoonful of 
 
638 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the powdered root may be given three or four times a 
 day. Three days afterwards give a strong purgative, or 
 a tea may be freely drank. The oil of the same is highly 
 recommended for the tape worm. 
 
 spikenard — (Aralia Racemosa.) 
 
 Common Name. — Common spikenard. 
 
 Description. — This plant rises four or five feet in 
 height; leaves are many, small, and ovate, on long foot 
 stalks; main stalk of the size of the thumb, jointed, and 
 purplish flowers, inconspicuous, very small, of a bluish 
 color, producing berries very much resembling those of 
 elder, of a sweet, pleasant, aromatic taste. 
 
 History. — It blossoms in July and August ; its berries 
 are ripe in September and October. 
 
 Locality. — Spikenard is found from New England to 
 Carolina and Indiana, but is more common in the north 
 than in the south ; grows in deep woods and good soil. 
 It is generally cultivated in gardens. 
 
 Qualities. — The root of this plant has a balsamic, fra- 
 grant, warm, aromatic, sweetish taste. 
 
 Properties. — The root of this plant is healing, pectoral, 
 stimulant, cordial, and diaphoretic. This plant is much 
 used by Indians. The roots bruised, chewed, or pulver- 
 ized, were used by them in all kinds of sores and ulcers. 
 In colds and coughs the roots and berries may be used 
 in syrups, cordials, and decoctions. Henry speaks very 
 highly of the superiority of this medicine, in gout of the 
 stomach. The manner in which he prescribes this article 
 is, by pouring a pint of brandy on a pint of the fresh 
 berries, and let the whole stand by the fire for a week - ? 
 then pour on a pint of rain water. Dose, a wineglass- 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 639 
 
 ful three times a day. It enters into rny restorative cor- 
 dials and pulmonic balsams. I also use it with other 
 compounds in ague. 
 
 silk or milk-weed — (Asclepias Syriaca) — The Root 
 
 Common Names. — Common silk-weed, milk-weed. 
 
 Description. — This plant has a square stalk, rising three 
 feet high ; leaves oval, smooth and milky ; flowers yel- 
 low, which terminate in pods resembling cucumbers, 
 filled with silky down ; seeds somewhat resembling the 
 seeds of parsnips ; the root is white and the size of the 
 finger, about a foot in length. 
 
 Locality. — It grows plentifully throughout the United 
 States, along the side of roads and sandy grounds. 
 
 Properties. — The root of this plant is a powerful diuret- 
 ic. Boil eight ounces of the root in six quarts of rain 
 water ; strain it for use. For the dropsy take a gill of 
 this decoction four times a day, increasing the dose ac- 
 cording to the effect. Those who are troubled with a 
 suppression of urine, may take a teacupful of this decoc- 
 tion four times a day, sweetened with honey. This plant, 
 it is stated, cured several convicts in the State prison, 
 laboring under dropsy. 
 
 cayenne pepper — {Capsicum Annuum.) 
 
 Common Names. — Jamaica pepper, red pepper. 
 
 History. — This plant is a native of South America, and 
 is raised in the West Indies. It will likewise ripen its 
 fruits in the United States. 
 
 Properties. — Capsicum is one of the purest and strong- 
 est stimulants with which I am acquainted. It is also 
 
640 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 > 
 
 carminative and tonic ; it is good to remedy flatulency 
 arising from eating vegetable food, and likewise to warm 
 the stomach. It is used in rheumatism and coldness of 
 the system ; in malignant sore throat, capsicum is much 
 used, both as a gurgle and as an internal remedy. It 
 makes one of the best drinks in fevers that can be made 
 use of, for while it allays the thirst it prevents dryness 
 of the mouth. Two tablespoonsful of small red pepper, 
 or three of the common cayenne pepper, and two tea- 
 spoonsful of fine salt, to be beat into paste, on which a 
 half pint of boiling water is to be poured, and strained 
 off when cold ; an equal quantity of very sharp vinegar 
 being added to this infusion, taken in doses of a table- 
 spoonful every hour, is a proper dose for an adult. Mr. 
 Stephens gave it to four hundred patients laboring under 
 this disease, and it seemed, says he, to save some whose 
 state had been thought desperate. 
 
 celandine — (Chelidonum Magus.) 
 
 Common Name. — Great celandine. 
 
 Description. — This plant rises two or three feet in height, 
 has many tender, round, green, watery stalks, with large 
 joints, very brittle and transparent ; leaves large, serated, 
 and very tender, and the flowers consisting of four leaves, 
 yellow, after which come long pods, which, when press- 
 ed by the fingers, fly into pieces instantly. 
 
 Locality. — This plant grows in meadows, by the sides 
 of running brooks, and in low marshy places found 
 throughout the United States. 
 
 Properties. — The properties of this plant are acrid, 
 stimulant, anti-herptic, detergent, diuretic, and discutin- 
 ent. The juice, rubbed on warts, remove them ; cures 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 641 
 
 ring- worms, and cleanses old ulcers. I make use of it 
 for the piles, salt rheum, or tetter, in the form of tincture 
 and ointment. 
 
 Employment. — An ointment of the roots is made by 
 boiling them in hogs lard, and is useful in the piles. 
 The tincture may be made by digesting an ounce of the 
 plant in one pint of spirits. I also use it in other com- 
 pounds. I use the expressed juice for sore eyes. 
 
 golden thread — (Cajptis Trifolia.) 
 
 Common Names. — Common gold thread, mouth root. 
 
 History. — This plant flowers early in the spring in the 
 cold regions, or in May. They are of fine golden color, 
 whence they derive their name. They ought to be col- 
 lected in the summer, and are easily dried, but not easily 
 pulverized. 
 
 Locality. — Found from Canada to Greenland and Ice- 
 land, on the east, and to Siberia on the west. The most 
 southern limits are New England, New York, and the 
 shores of Lake Erie. It is commonly found in mossy 
 swamps and bogs of evergreen woods, but likewise on 
 the rocks of the White Mountains, Labradore, and New- 
 foundland. 
 
 Properties. — Tonic and stomachic, promoting digestion 
 and strengthening the vicera; useful in dyspepsia, de- 
 bility, and convalescence from fevers. It is much used as a 
 gurgle in ulceration of the mouth. 
 
 ipecacuanha. — {Callicocca Ipecacuanha) 
 
 Common Name. — Ipecacuanha. 
 
 Locality. — Ipecacuanha is indigenous to South America. 
 41 
 
642 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Employment. — In large doses, thirty grains is an easy 
 and good emetic without causing debility. In small 
 doses of two or three grains it acts as a tonic, strength- 
 ening the digestive organs, and is useful in indigestion, 
 bilious and liver complaints. It is good also in fever by 
 keeping up a determination to the surface. It may be 
 given in powder, or formed into pills with soap, molasses 
 or mucilage of gum Arabic. We give it in general, com- 
 bined with lobelia. A wine tincture makes a good ex- 
 pectorant, particularly for children. Add of the root, 
 bruised, one ounce to one pint of Malaga wine. Dose, for 
 a child a year or two old, one or two teaspoonsful. A 
 syrup made of it is also good. It enters into the emetic 
 and diaphoretic powder ; also the sudorific drops. 
 
 jalap — {Convolvulus Jalapa) — The Boot. 
 
 Common Name. — Americana Jalapa. 
 
 Locality. — Jalap is a plant indigenous to Mexico 
 and Vera Cruz, and brought to us thence. 
 
 Properties. — The root of this plant is a brisk cathartic, 
 acting in a remarkably efficacious manner, without 
 griping upon the whole alimentary canal. It enters into 
 the anti-bilious physic ; also the compound tincture of 
 senna. It possesses great anti-bilious and detergent 
 properties. Twenty-five grains of jalap, united with 
 from forty to sixty grains of cream of tartar, form a 
 powerful cathartic and hydragogue, and are more ef- 
 fectual in evacuating water than any preparation that I 
 am acquainted with. 
 
 Employment. — The pulverized root in the dose of thirty 
 grains, acts as a safe and efficacious cathartic. This is 
 one of the most valuable roots produced in America. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 643 
 
 Peruvian bark. — (Cinchona Officinalis.) 
 
 Common Name. — Peruvian bark. 
 
 Description. — The tree which produces the bark, varies 
 in size. "Woodville describes it as being a very lofty tree, 
 and sending off large branches ; its leaves are oblong, 
 three inches in length, and about an inch and a half in 
 breadth. 
 
 History. — Th,ere are commonly enumerated three va- 
 rieties of Peruvian bark, viz : 1st. The common, the 
 yellow of some authors. 2d. The yellow, the orange of 
 some authors. 3d. The red. The use of this was first 
 learned from the following circumstances : Some cin- 
 chona tree being thrown by the winds into a pool of 
 water, lay there till the water become so bitter that every 
 body refused to drink it. However, one of the neigh- 
 boring inhabitants being seized with a violent paroxysm 
 of fever, and finding no other water to quench his thirst, 
 was forced to drink of this, by which he was perfectly 
 cured. He afterwards related the circumstance to others 
 and prevailed upon some of his friends who were ill of 
 fever, to make use of the same remedy, with whom it 
 proved equally successful. After this it was taken to 
 Europe by the Jesuites, and hence called Jesuites' bark. 
 The use of the Peruvian bark was first discovered, like 
 most other remedies, by accident, or rather Providence. 
 
 Locality. — Grows in South America. 
 
 Employment. — The red and yellow kinds are the best, 
 but it is often adulterated. It may be used in form of 
 powder, or wine tincture combined with stimulants, or 
 the quinine, a production of it. It is not, however, so 
 certain in its eftects. Properly administered, it is a sure 
 
644 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 remedy for chills and fever. I give it in the form of the 
 wine tincture, which always cures if the bark is genuine. 
 
 rose willow — {Cornus Sericea) — The Bark. 
 
 Common Names. — Round leafed dogwood, green osier, 
 red rod, red willow, swamp dogwood. 
 
 It grows near brooks, along the banks of rivers, and 
 on upland meadows. It is known throughout the United 
 States by the name of rose willow, or swamp dogwood. 
 
 Properties. — Tonic and astringent. In vomiting, this 
 is an excellent remedy, given in the form of an infusion, 
 particularly in the vomiting arising from pregnancy, and 
 diseased uterus. 
 
 This is a valuable article. It is among the most effica- 
 cious remedies for fever and ague. 
 
 Solomon's seal — (Convallaria Multiflora) — The Boot. 
 
 Common Name. — Solomon's seal. 
 
 This plant rises six or seven inches high ; leaves lan- 
 ceolate, and of a dark green color ; flowers in umbels, 
 and hangs on the sides of the stalks, producing red ber- 
 ries. It grows on the sides of meadows, high lands and 
 mountains, in every part of the United States. The roots 
 are astringent, incrassant, and corroborant. The mu- 
 cilage of the roots is good when applied to inflammations 
 and piles. The roots are useful in all cases of flour albus, 
 (whites) and in immoderate flowing of the menses, 
 arising from female weakness. It enters into the resto- 
 rative cordials. 
 
 This root is available in curing wounds of every de- 
 scription, by making use of the pounded root, or in salve. 
 
DESCRIBTION OF HERBS. 645 
 
 The decoction of the root will stay vomiting and plagues 
 in general of any kind, and is most excellent to apply 
 the ponnded root, or bathe with the decoction, to any 
 joint that is out of place, or bone broken ; it will cause 
 it to knit soon, and will dispel coagulated blood. It is 
 good in syrups made with munk roots and spirits, for the 
 consumption and other weakness of the breast and 
 stomach. It is good to cleanse the face from freckles or 
 spots on the skin, leaving the skin smooth and fair, and 
 much made use of by the Italian ladies for this purpose. 
 
 senna — (Cassia Senna) — The Leaves. 
 
 Common Name. — Alexandria senna. 
 
 The stalks rises from two to four feet high, resembling 
 a shrub, and sending out, hollow, woody stems ; flowers, 
 yellow ; leaves, small and running to a point, of a pale 
 green. The East India senna, is the kind generally 
 used, but is entirely a different article, and not to be 
 compared with the Alexandria. Procure the best quality 
 and have it ground, which makes a handsome green 
 powder, which is valuable. If put in a bottle, and well 
 corked, it will keep in its purity for a long time. It also 
 enters into the electuary of senna, and is used in the 
 form of tea, combined with manna. 
 
 This is a very useful cathartic, operating effectually 
 and mildly. It is necessary to combine this article with 
 other ingredients to prevent its griping effects. It enters 
 the anti-bilious physic, and the worm or vermifuge 
 powders. 
 
 saffron — (Crocus Sativns.) 
 
 Common Name. — Garden saffron. 
 
 This plant is a native of the Levant, and cultivated in 
 
646 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Europe a ad in this country. In small doses saffron is 
 employed as a diaphoretic, causing perspiration. It en- 
 ters into the sudorific drops. In the form of tea, is very 
 valuable in all eruptive diseases, measles, small-pox, etc. 
 
 wormwood — (Artemisia Absinthium) — The whole Plant. 
 
 Common Name. — Common wormwood. 
 
 This is a perennial plant, native of Europe, but raised 
 in our gardens ; it is found growing in stony and uncul- 
 tivated places in Europe and Jamaica ; flowers in July 
 and August. Wormwood is possessed of very valuable 
 stimulant and tonic properties. When given in moder- 
 ate doses it promotes the appetite and digestion, quick- 
 ens the circulation, and imparts to the w T hole system a 
 strengthening influence. It is given in all cases requir- 
 ing the administration of tonics : in dyspepsia, and other 
 atonic states of the intestinal canal, in certain cases of 
 amenorrhoea, chronic leucorrhoea, and in obstinate diar- 
 rhoea, depending upon debility of the membranes of the 
 intestines. It is often administered in intermittent fe- 
 vers with complete success. It is likewise given as an 
 anthelmintic. The herb is very useful in fomentations 
 for bruises, and inflammations in general. 
 
 Dose of the powder, from one scruple to one drachm ; 
 infusion, from half to one ounce, in a pint of cold water. 
 Externally, as a fomentation. It will be found in other 
 compounds. 
 
 devil's bit — (Liatris Spicata.) 
 
 . Eoot tuberous, acrid and bitterish, pungent, spicy, 
 smelling like turpentine or juniper, holding a peculiar 
 balsamic resin, but no oil properties ; partly soluble in a 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 647 
 
 watery decoction, wholly in alcohol. A powerful diu- 
 retic, acting mildly ; may be used freely ; also, discutient, 
 tonic, diaphoretic and deobstuent; useful in dropsy, sore 
 throat, scrofula, gravel, pains in the breast, after-pains in 
 women, and bites of snakes. It is used both externally 
 and internally. It may be administered in the form of 
 powder, tea, or syrup. 
 
 EUPHORBIA IPECACUANHA. 
 
 Common Names. — American ipecacuanha, American 
 ipecac, purge, etc. 
 
 This plant is a. native of America, growing in shady 
 woods, bogs, and sandy soil, in the middle and southern 
 states. 
 
 Properties. — Emetic, cathartic, and tonic; euphorbia 
 possesses very powerful properties. It is an excellent 
 hydragogue, evacuting the water when all other agents 
 prove abortive or useless. 
 
 Give fifteen grains of the euphorbia ipecacuanha, two 
 or three times throughout the week. 
 
 dwarf elder — (Sombucus Ebulus) — The Flowers, Berries, 
 and, Inner Lark. 
 
 Common Name. — Dwarf elder. 
 
 This is a perennial plant, growing abundantly through- 
 out the United States ; found along fences and roadsides; 
 iiowors in July and August, and its berries are ripened 
 in September. A decoction of this bark has been found 
 beneficial in dropsy. The extract of the inner bark of 
 elder is very good in piles and dropsy. The juice of the 
 inner bark, taken in the dose of a gill, vomits and pur- 
 ges powerfully. I use the flowers in my purifying syrups. 
 
648 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 bitter sweet — (Solatium Dulcamara) — The Bark of the 
 
 Root. 
 
 Common Name. — Bitter sweet. 
 
 This is an under shrub, indigenous to Europe, and is 
 now naturalized in this country. It flowers in June and 
 July. It is beneficial when administered internally, in 
 combination with yellow dock, in scrofulous and scir- 
 rhous diseases. It is also beneficial in liver complaints, 
 and in all cutaneous diseases, and in ill-conditioned ul- 
 cers ; used externally, an ointment must be made of the 
 bark ; and internally, in the form of the scrofulous syrup. 
 
 rhubarb — (Rheum Palmatum) — The Root. 
 
 Common Nam.e. — Rhubarb. 
 
 A perennial plant, native of China and Tartary; cul- 
 tivated in various parts of Europe, especially in Erance ; 
 and it is likewise produced in America. The root of this 
 plant is a valuable and singular cathartic, differing from 
 all others of the materia medica. It operates, first, by 
 evacuating the intestinal canal, and then gently astring- 
 ing or restoring the tone of it. Upon these singular 
 properties combined (purgative and astringent) depend 
 its utility in dysentery and diarrhoea. Its medicinal 
 properties are heightened by the addition of an alkali. 
 And in other diseases, depending upon a lax state of the 
 muscular fibres of the intestines, together with the exis- 
 tence of an acrid state of the fluids, this preparation is 
 exceedingly useful. Its operation in these disordered 
 states of the bowels, is by neutralizing the acid, evacua- 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 649 
 
 ting the contents of the bowels, and then, by gently as- 
 tringing the relaxed fibres. I have been astonished that 
 this valuable plant should be neglected by physicians ; 
 particularly in bowel complaints, and mercury substitu- 
 ted, when this mineral invariably injuries, while the rhu- 
 barb proves a sovereign remedy. The dose of the pul- 
 verized root is about a teaspoonful, as a cathartic; or 
 it may be given in the form of syrup or cordial, which 
 renders it a very pleasant medicine. It enters into the 
 neutralizing cordial or mixture. 
 
 dogwood — (Cornus Florida) — The Bark. 
 
 Common Names. — Large-flowered cornel, Virginia dog- 
 wood. 
 
 History. — This tree is one of the chief ornaments of 
 our forests. It is rather below the middle stature, not 
 usually reaching the height of more than twenty or thir- 
 ty feet. It is, however, among the most conspicuous 
 trees in our forests. In the months of April, May and 
 June, according to its latitude, it is covered with a pro- 
 fusion of its large and elegant flowers. 
 
 Locality. — This tree is found throughout the United 
 States, but more plentifully in the middle States. The 
 bark of this famous tree, which may well be termed the 
 cinchona or Peruvian bark of North America, possesses, 
 like that, all those tonic powers which give such admira- 
 ble control over intermittents, gangrene, and all dis- 
 eases proceeding from debility. It may be given in 
 powder, or in the form of tea, made by boiling or steep- 
 ing. Unless it is dry, and about a year old, it will some- 
 times offend the stomach. The shape, however, in which 
 it will be found most agreeable, is that of extract, which 
 is easily prepared by boiling the bark, straining it and 
 
650 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 then evaporating it slowly to the consistence of honey. 
 To prevent the fatal effects of of burning it, the vessel 
 in which in which it is evaporated should be of a wide 
 mouth sort, placed in a large pot of boiling water, and 
 often stirred towards the close of the operation. The 
 dose is from a half to a ""whole teaspoon ful, three or four 
 times a day. The beautiful red berries of dogwood, 
 combined with lemon peel, snake root, calamus, or any 
 other warm aromatic seeds, form. a line bitter against the 
 common fall complaints. A strong tea made of the 
 flowers, is a pleasant substitute for that of red-rose leaves. 
 
 AMERICAN COLUMBO. 
 
 The American columbo is found in great abundance • 
 in the rich glades of the "Western States, where it grows 
 most luxuriantly, sometimes obtaining the height of ten 
 feet. It is one of the tallest and handsomest of our na- 
 tive herbaceous plants, having a large pyramid of crow- 
 ded flowers, sometimes three or four feet in length. It 
 is a true triennial ; the stalks and flowers not shooting 
 up till the third year. 
 
 The root is large, yellow, tuberous, hard, horizontal, 
 spindle shaped, and sometimes two feet long, with few 
 fibres. The whole plant is perfectly smooth. The stem 
 from five to ten feet high, round, erect, solid, with few 
 branches, except at the top, where they form a pyramid 
 of flowers. 
 
 Leaves in whorls ; the radical or root-leaves form a 
 a star spread upon the ground, from five to twelve in 
 number, from ten to eighteen inches long, and from 
 three to five broad, constituting the whole plant in the 
 first two years, or before the stem grows. The stem- 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 651 
 
 leaves are whorls, from four to eight inches smaller than 
 the radical leaves. 
 
 Flowers, yellowish white, numerous, forming a large 
 pyramid, and from the abundant experiments, is found 
 equal to the imported, and is one of the best tonics that 
 we can employ. It has long been estimated a powerful 
 anti-septic and tonic, and as such, has been employed 
 with manifest advantage in gangrene, cholera morbus, 
 bilious fever, indigestion, want of appetite, bilious vomi- 
 • ting, or purging, etc. It may be given in powder, in 
 doses of a small teaspoonful every three or four hours, 
 or in decoction, in doses of a teacupful. Two or three 
 ounces of the root steeped in a quart of spirits, form an 
 excellent bitter, which, when taken in mint water, or in- 
 fusion of orange peel, in doses of a tablespoonful, is ex- 
 cellent for moderating the retching in pregnant women. 
 It enters into my Dyspetic Bitters. 
 
 yarrow, or millfoil — (Achillea Millofolium.) 
 
 Grows in dry pastures and along the sides of fences, 
 about a foot high ; leaves pointed ; flowers white, tinged 
 with a little purple beneath, and has a bitter spicy taste. 
 
 The expressed juice is strengthening and carminative. 
 It is useful in indigestion, air in the stomach and bowels, 
 hysterical spasmodic complaints, etc. A tablespoonful 
 of the expressed juice, taken twice a day, and the herb, 
 bruised, or in the form of a poultice, is said to have cured 
 a cancer of the breast. The green leaves pounded, and 
 applied over a bruise, dissipates it in a few days. This 
 plant possesses more medical properties than many are 
 aware of. As a detergent, purifies the blood, opens the 
 pores, removes obstructions, etc. It stops the spitting ot 
 
652 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 blood, cures the bleeding piles, and is also very benefi- 
 cial in dysentery. A strong decoction of this herb, one 
 pint drank twice day, is a certain cure for bloody urine. 
 
 common sumach — {Rhus Qojpallinum.) 
 
 The berries or seeds, when ripe, are red and very acid. 
 An infusion of them, sweetened with honey, is a good 
 gurgle for the sore throat, and for cleansing the mouth 
 in a putrid fever. The bark of the root of the sumach, 
 is considered as one of the best anti-septics produced by 
 vegetation. Corroding ulcers, defying every common 
 application, immediately begin to heal by washing them 
 with a strong decoction and applying the boiled bark as 
 a poultice. It is also a very important material in de- 
 coctions for hectic and scrofulous diseases. It is a specific 
 in the venereal disease. I make great use of this in 
 many painful swellings, in poultices, and extracts or 
 washes in cancerous affections. 
 
 mandrake — {Podophyllum Peltatum) — The Boot. 
 
 Common Names. — May apple, Indian apple, man- 
 drake, etc. 
 
 The mandrake grows about two feet high, with two 
 or three large leaves ; broad at the base, terminating in 
 a short point. The stem is smooth, round, and divided 
 at the top into two leaf stalks, each of which supports a 
 leaf at its extremity. It bears one white flower, which 
 appears in May, and is succeeded by fruit of a yellow 
 color, like a lime, of an acid, delicious taste. It has a 
 jointed, creeping root, about the size of a pipe stem, 
 when dry. Brown externally, white when broken, and, 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 653 
 
 when pulverized, makes a beautiful powder. Grows in 
 woods and meadows, and in patches throughout the 
 United States. It should be gathered in the fall, when 
 the leaves are yellow. A complete substitute for mercury. 
 The properties of this article, are that of a sure and ac- 
 tive cathartic, equal, if not superior, in some diseases, to 
 that of jalap. I have found this root very valuable in 
 many inveterate chronic diseases, such as venereal, 
 scrofulous, bilious, dyspeptic or chronic, or chronic affec- 
 tions of the liver, dropsy, etc. The following is an ex- 
 cellent form to administer it : Pulverize mandrake root ; 
 pulverize spearmint, cream of tartar, equal parts; mix. 
 Dose, a teaspoonful in molasses or tea. The mandrake 
 is often considerably nauseating, and sometimes vomits, 
 and upon the whole, is not so pleasant as some other 
 purgatives ; but it has a peculiar effect upon all secre- 
 tions and excretions, stimulating them to a healthy ac- 
 tion, and often answers the purpose, both of an emetic 
 and cathartic. It is excellent in chronic affections of the 
 liver, indigestion, etc. I have invariably given this pre- 
 paration with success in a variety of complaints. I have 
 used the mandrake with great success in epileptic fits. 
 
 I can adopt the language of Dr. Thomas Cook : " I 
 know of no single article in the whole Materia Medica, 
 that acts so generally on the secretions and excretions, 
 removing obstructions, and excreting a healthy action 
 throughout the system, without any bad effects whatever. 
 I am confident that, if the faculty would for once divest 
 themselves of their blind prejudice in favor of the min- 
 eral, and consent, at least, to make a trial of this veget- 
 able substitute, it would be a happy event for mankind. 
 I consider it a complete substitute for mercury in all the 
 diseases in which, in the common practice, it is supposed 
 
654 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 that mineral is indicated. I consider it far preferable, 
 because, after having its operation and effect, it passes 
 off and leaves the system free ; whereas, mercury fastens 
 upon the bones and solids, and remains like a corroding 
 and eating canker, rendering vast numbers feeble and 
 debilitated for life. Their humanity should be sufficient 
 inducements for this. The plea, that the vegetable king- 
 dom contains no equivalent to mercury, is do longer ten- 
 able ; then why should not physicians discard the use of 
 it at once, when it is invariably acknowledged, and felt, 
 that in the aggregate it has proved a curse, a destroyer 
 to the human race? The disuse of it, it is true, would 
 lessen the employment of the medical profession ; but 
 the satisfaction they must feel at the proportionate de- 
 crease of suffering among their fellow beings, would, no 
 doubt, richly compensate them for the pecuniary sacri- 
 fice." 
 
 bayberry — [Myrica Cerifera Humilus.) 
 
 Called also dwarf candleberry myrtle. 
 
 Grows in swamps, to the hight of two or three feet, 
 and bears numerous green berries, of which tallow is 
 made. The bark of the root has been considered a good 
 remedy for the jaundice. The powder of it in doses of 
 twenty or thirty grains, has been employed as a mild 
 emetic. The inner bark, in poultice, applied morning 
 and evening to scrofulous swellings, and drinking a tea- 
 cupful of a strong infusion of the leaves, is said to have 
 performed surprising cures in a few weeks. It is used 
 in many other recipes. 
 
 sarsaparilla — (Smilax Sarsaparilla.) 
 
 Grows in several parts of the United States, somewhat 
 resembling ginsing roots, from one to three feet long; 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 655 
 
 about as thick as a little finger. The stalks are slender 
 and smooth, between one and two feet high. A decoc- 
 tion of sarsaparilla is prepared by boiling a handful of the 
 roots in a quart of water till the third part be evaporated. 
 It has long been employed as an auxiliary to mercury 
 in the treatment of venereal complaints. It promotes 
 perspiration, attenuates viscid humors, relieves venereal 
 headache, nocturnal pains, and disposes venereal ulcers to 
 heal. In rheumatic affections, cutaneous disorders, and 
 scrofula, it is a very useful medicine. It may also be ex- 
 hibited in the form of powder, in doses of two drachms, 
 or extract, in doses of one drachm, three or four times a 
 day. It enters into my Purifying Syrups. 
 
 Virginia or black-snake root — (Serpentaria Virginiana.) 
 
 Grows in rich wood-lands, from seven to nine inches 
 high ; leaves heart shaped ;. flowers of a purplish color. 
 The root is composed of a number of strings or fibres, 
 issuing from one head, and matted together, of a brown- 
 ish color on the out side, and pale or yellowish within. 
 It has an aromatic smell, and a warm, bitterish, pungent 
 taste. It promotes perspiration, raises the pulse, and re- 
 sists putrefaction. Hence it is especially adapted to the 
 low and advanced stage of typhus or nervous fever. 
 
 lobelia — {Lobelia Inilati) — The Seeds, Leaves and Cap- 
 
 sidus. 
 
 Common Names. — Common lobelia, Indian tobacco, 
 emetic weed, wild tobacco. 
 
 A biennial plant one or two feet high; pale blue flow- 
 ers; capsula contains numerous- small seeds. The taste 
 
656 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 of the leaves is nauseous, and excites vomiting, some- 
 thing like common tobacco. It was discovered by Lo- 
 bel, a noted botanist, and named after him. Used by 
 the Indians of this country as an emetic. Samuel 
 Thompson and his followers employ it for almost every 
 disease, as a puke, but this indiscriminate use of it is 
 wrong. Like other plants, it is good if judiciously used. 
 This plant blossoms from June to November. The flow- 
 ers are very small, but singular ; when broken, a milky, 
 acrid juice is emitted. It is biennial, throwing out the 
 first year only a few radical roundish leaves. This plant 
 is indigenous to America, and found growing all over the 
 United States, in fields, woods, etc. In teaspoonful 
 doses, repeated every twenty minutes, it pukes freely, 
 but is very prostrating to the system, and when given 
 alone, sometimes causes alarming appearances, although 
 the patient soon recovers from its effects. It is best com- 
 bined with those articles which modify its action. A 
 further use of this plant will be found in the recipes it 
 enters. 
 
 onions — (Alium Cepa.) 
 
 Possesses similar virtues with the garlic, only in a less 
 degree. The disagreeable smell which they impart to 
 the breath may be effectually obviated, by eating a few 
 leaves of parsley immediately after eating the onions. 
 
 Onions are justly reputed an efficacious remedy in sup- 
 pression of urine, in dropsies, and in abscess of the liver. 
 Captain Burch, of the District of Columbia, was afflict- 
 ed with an abcess of the liver, deemed incurable by the 
 physicians, and seeing some onions in the room, express- 
 ed a wish to eat one. Thinking his case desperate, and 
 no longer a matter of consequence what he ate, his wife 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 657 
 
 immediately gratified his appetite. He subsisted for sev- 
 eral weeks entirely on onions, with only the addition of 
 a little salt and bread ; and from using this diet he was 
 restored to perfect health. This, with innumerable in- 
 stances of a similar sort, ought to convince any one that 
 in the cure of this disease, nature ought always to be 
 consulted, as she seldom or never errs. 
 
 poke-weed — (Phytollaca Decandra.) 
 
 It is known by a variety of names, as American night 
 shade, coacum, garget, skoke, etc. The berries steeped 
 in spirits, have been long employed in the chronic rheu- 
 matism. It has, however, sometimes failed, which may 
 have been owing to the peculiarity of constitution, or to 
 the inertness of the tincture from age. An ointment of 
 the leaves with lard is good in various kinds of ulcers. 
 The roots, bruised, are sometimes applied to the hands 
 and feet of the patients in ardent fevers. It is a most 
 valuable medicine in rheumatic and gouty affections, as 
 also in nocturnal pains, obstinate ulcerations in the vene- 
 real disease, brought on by the excessive use of mercury. 
 The usual form of exhibiting it, is the tincture, a wine- 
 glassful three times a day. The tincture is prepared by 
 filling a jug with the whole berries when ripe, and then 
 pouring as much spirits on to them as the vessel will 
 contain. An ointment, prepared by simmering slowly 
 the leaves, or a handful of the root scraped in a pint of 
 hog's lard, with a small portion of beeswax, has been 
 used in cancers, and various kinds of ulcers. 
 
 horehound — (Marubrum Valgarc.) 
 
 It grows among rubbish, flowering from July to Sep- 
 tember. The leaves have a very bitter taste. An infu- 
 42 
 
658 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 sion or tea of the leaves, sweetened, is a very common 
 remedy for colds. A syrup prepared by simmering slow- 
 ly for an hour, a pint of honey in a quart of a strong de- 
 coction of the plant, is an excellent medicine in coughs, 
 or complaints of the breast, in doses of a tablespoonful 
 every two or three hours, or oftener, when the cough is 
 very troublesome. In like manner, a candy prepared by 
 simmering slowly half a pint of the juice with a pound 
 of sugar, will be found equally serviceable. In the south- 
 ern states there is a plant called wild horehound, grow- 
 ing to the height of one or two feet, of w^hich a tea, pre- 
 pared by adding one or two handsful of the fresh leaves, 
 or half the quantity of the dried to a quart of water, in 
 doses of a gill or more, every two or three hours, acts 
 gently on the skin and bowels, and is used like the Peru- 
 vian bark as a tonic in the cure of ague, and bilious 
 fevers. 
 
 elax-seed — (Linum,) 
 
 Possesses great medicinal virtues. An infusion or tea 
 is the most suitable drink for patients laboring under 
 violent colds, coughs, difficulty or burning in making 
 water. The flax-seed syrup, which is prepared by ad- 
 ding a pint of honey to a quart of strong tea, and sim- 
 mering it away slowly by a gentle fire for an hour, ob- 
 serving to take off the scum as it rises, is a most valua- 
 ble medicine in diseases of the breast and lungs, in doses 
 from a tea to a tablespoonful, every hour or two, or of- 
 tener when the cough is troublesome. The flax-seed 
 bruised and boiled in soft water, thickened with brand or 
 elm flour, makes an excellent poultice. 
 
 wild valerian — (Valeriana Officinalis,) 
 
 Grows abundantly in the vicinity of the Ohio river. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 659 
 
 It rises two or three feet high ; the leaves in pairs, large, 
 hair j, and of a dusky green color; flowers stand in large 
 tufts on the tops of the branches, of a pale, whitish, red 
 color. The roots, which is the part used in medicine, 
 consists of a number of slender fibres, matted together, 
 and attached to one head, of a brown color, having a 
 strong unpleasant smell. Valerian has long been recom- 
 mended by the most learned physicians as a medicine of 
 great use in nervous disorders ; and is particularly ser- 
 viceable in hysteric cases, as well as in epilepsy, proceed- 
 ing from a debility of the nervous system. It should be 
 given in doses of from one to two teaspoonsful or more, 
 in powder, two or three times a day. It seems most use- 
 ful when given in substance, and large doses. There are 
 four species of this plant, one male, and three female ; 
 the male is mostly used, and grows in wet land ; has a 
 large cluster of fibrous roots, matted together and joined 
 to a solid root, from which proceed several stalks about 
 two feet high ; flowers yellow, resembling a moccasin ; 
 its leaves somewhat resemble the poke-leaf, but rough 
 and hairy. It will be found in different receipts where 
 it is used. 
 
 garden thyme — {Thymus Vulgaris,) 
 
 Is one of the most powerful aromatic plants, and as 
 such, is frequently employed in the form of tea, in those 
 complaints where medicines of this class are indicated. 
 
 peppermint — {Mentha Piperita,) 
 
 Is an excellent stomachic in flatulent colics, languors, 
 hysteric cases and vomiting. The usual modes of ad- 
 ministering it, are infusion, the distilled water, and the 
 
660 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 essential oil. This last, united with rectified spirits of 
 wine, forms the essence of peppermint, so highly es- 
 teemed. In nausea, cholera morbus, obstinate vomiting, 
 and griping, peppermint, infused in spirits, and applied 
 as hot as can be endured to the stomach and bowels, 
 will be found a most valuable remedy. 
 
 rag-weed — (Ambrosia Elatior.) 
 
 Called also bitter-weed, Roman wormwood, and iron- 
 weed. 
 
 The whole of this plant has a bitter, disagreeable taste, 
 but in the form of strong tea, it is useful in nervous and 
 hysteric affections, and in after-pains. Combined with 
 sassafrass root bark, and made into a poultice and ap- 
 applied to the neck, together with a strong tea of the 
 herb, is an excellent remedy for the quinsy. It promotes 
 perspiration, and is composing and strengthening. It 
 should be drank freely. 
 
 thorn-apple — (Datura Stramonium.) 
 
 Called also Jamestown-weed, jimson, apple Peru, 
 stink-weed, etc. 
 
 Grows plentifully in this country, along the sides of 
 roads and fences. Taken inwardly, it is a severe poison, 
 but on extracting its mucilaginous matter, the juice from 
 the leaves and stalks, the extract has an effect upon the 
 system of man or beast, peculiarly efficacious. It may 
 be termed the vegetable mercury, for its effects are very 
 similar to those of mercury, without any of those bad 
 ones produced by that powerful metalic preparation. It 
 is certainly a great purifier of the blood ; it heals gen- 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 661 
 
 erally with quickness and correctness. To sprains and 
 all scrofulous humors, it is an admirable application ; 
 and affections of the lungs, may, no doubt, be removed, 
 if it is rubbed into the system in time. It will generally 
 give relief to chronic rheumatism, and a cancerous sys- 
 tem may also be relieved by it. To obtain the extract, 
 collect at any time before the frost, one pound of the 
 leaves and stems ; cut them up, and add one pound of 
 lard, and about the same quantity of sweet oil ; stew it 
 on the fire until the vegetable becomes soft as done 
 greens ; then get all you can by squeezing it through a 
 linen cloth. The contents squeezed out is ready for ap- 
 plication to the part affected. It must be well rubbed 
 in. Persons using it should be careful to avoid exposure 
 to cold. It is a good plan to cover the part affected with 
 flannel. The preparation will keep any length of time 
 and have its effects. 
 
 scull-cap, or hooded widow herb — {Scutellaria Latera- 
 
 flora.) 
 
 This herb is found in abundance on the banks of rivers, 
 and on the borders of ponds, flowering in July and 
 August. The stem is square, branched, and grows from 
 one to three feet high ; the branches and leaves opposite ; 
 leaves narrow pointed, on long footstalks ; the blossoms 
 small, of a violet color, intermixed with small leaves. 
 The pod is hooded, from whence it obtained the 
 name scull-cap, or Scutellaria. The leaves should be 
 gathered when in full bloom, carefully dried without ex- 
 posure to rain or moisture, ground to a fine powder, and 
 put up in bottles well corked. In this manner it may be 
 preserved in its pure and native state for many years. A 
 
662 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 strong tea of this herb, taken in doses of a gill, three or 
 four times a day, is highly recommended for the bite of 
 a mad dog, taking at the same time a spoonful of sul- 
 phur in the morning and evening of every other day. It 
 enters into my Anti-Spasmodic Tincture. 
 
 pollypody. — (Polypodium Vulgare) — The Root and Tops. 
 
 Common Names. — Common pollypody, rock pollypod, 
 fern root, rock brake, brake root, female, fern, etc. 
 
 Found in mountains and rocks throughout the United 
 States, from Canada to Carolina. The leaves are a dark 
 green, and abide the winter, generally spread on the 
 ground. The root is a dark brown, fibrous and matted, 
 sometimes almost to a solid crown. The roots and tops 
 possess great medical virtues ; it is an excellent purifier 
 of the blood ; it is pectoral, demulcent, purgative, and 
 vermifuge. A syrup made of this plant, is very good in 
 pulmonary diseases; and being united with liver-wort, is 
 said to have permanently cured a lady in South Carolina 
 of the consumption in its last stage. A strong decoction 
 of this plant, when given to children, will purge, and 
 also expel worms. This root has also been used in com- 
 bination with purgatives, to expel the taenia, or tape 
 worm, and, it is said, with succcess. I give it in the form 
 of syrups and wines. 
 
 king's evil root 
 
 Grows in plains, and sandy, gravely lands, from six to 
 twelve inches high, very much resembling cockle ; blos- 
 soms in May, a single one to a stalk, of a beautiful yel- 
 low color. The root grows deep in the ground, about 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 663 
 
 the size of a large goose quill, from six to "ten inches 
 long, of a dark color on the outside, and whitish within, 
 with small fibrous, red veins running through them, and 
 when broken and rubbing the ends on the finger nail, it 
 will stain it red. When dried and powdered, it is of a 
 bright red color. An ointment made by mixing a large 
 quantity of the powdered root with a small quantity of 
 sheep's suet, and applied cold, is an excellent remedy for 
 the king's evil or scrofula, where it is broke. It should 
 be applied twice in twenty-four hours, making use at the 
 same time of the burdock tea as recommended in recipes, 
 which see for king's evil. 
 
 This herb is to be found on rich hill sides, growing 
 from one to two feet high. Sometimes there are two or 
 three stalks from the same root, branching towards the 
 top, and bearing a small burr, which, when ripe, is of a 
 dark brown color, and divided into three parts, about the 
 size of a buckwheat grain, smooth and flat on the inside, 
 and in shape very much resembles a bed-bug. The leaves 
 resemble strawberry leaves, but are much larger. The 
 root is fibrous, black on the outside and white within. 
 There is another species growing like this, but it is some- 
 thing larger, the roots white, and not so strong. This 
 has been also used, but it is not so efficacious. A hand- 
 ful of the roots pounded and boiled in a quart of new 
 milk, and a good draught taken several times a day, to- 
 gether with some of the roots thus boiled, applied to 
 the wound, having previously scarified it with a lancet 
 or knife, is said to cure any poisonous snake bite. If 
 the root cannot be obtained soon after the person is bit, 
 it will sometimes be necessary to use it for several days. 
 
664 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 BETH ROOT, 
 
 Grows in meadows, about a foot Mgh; leaves oval, 
 three at the top of each stalk ; one flower of a purple 
 color, bell shaped, producing a small berry, which con- 
 tains seed ; the root of brown color externally, bulbous, 
 and full of small fibres. The powder of the root, in 
 doses of one teaspoonful, two or three times a day, is ex- 
 ceedingly useful in spitting of blood, immoderate dis- 
 charge of the menses, or in cases of discharging bloody 
 urine. It is also a good application in the form of poul- 
 tice, to putrid ulcers, and to obviate gangrene or morti- 
 fication. 
 
 GARLIC, 
 
 Is highly stimulating, and therefore useful to persons 
 of cold, phlegmatic constitutions. It provokes the ap- 
 petite, assists digestion, removes flatulence, promotes ex- 
 pectoration and urine, and hence has long been used in 
 scurvy, asthma, and dropsy. It is said, in cases_of deaf- 
 ness, a small clove of the root, wrapped in gauze, cotton, 
 or wool, moistened with the juice, and introduced into 
 the ear, has frequently proved an efficacious remedy, 
 when repeated twice or thrice a day. 
 
 GOOSE GRASS, 
 
 Called by some poor robin's plantain, from its efficacy 
 in curing the gravel. Grows in hedges, low grounds, 
 and near brooks, to the height of five or six feet ; climb- 
 ing on the bushes near it. The upper side of the leaves 
 are white, with sharp prickles ; the flowers small, and di- 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 665 
 
 vided into four segments ; these change into a fruit rather 
 large, composed of two berries slightly adhering together, 
 and covered with hooked prickles, containing two seeds. 
 The leaves in the form of a decoction, a handful to a 
 quart of water, are highly celebrated as a remedy in 
 gravel complaints, and suppression of urine, in doses of 
 a teacupful every hour or two, until relieved. It has 
 also been recommended in the cure of scurvy, spitting oi 
 blood, and epilepsy or fits. 
 
 ground holly — (Pyrole TJmbellata.) 
 
 It is sometimes called pipsisseway, which is its Indian 
 appellation. This herb grows on hilly, poor land, where 
 it is a little stoney. It is an evergreen, and grows from 
 three to six inches high ; has a number of dark green 
 leaves, with whitish streaks through them. The leaves 
 are about half an inch wide, and from one to two inches 
 long, with a scolloped edge ; bears a little brown seed on 
 the top, resembling allspice. The tops and roots are 
 used for medicine. The roots when chewed are very 
 pungent, which will be felt several hours on the tongue. 
 A strong tea made of this plant is good for cancers and 
 all scrofulous humors, by drinking freely of the tea, and 
 bathing with it the parts affected. It is also highly re- 
 commended in rheumatic complaints. 
 
 STRAWBERRY. 
 
 The fruit of this plant is delicious, and being of a 
 cooling and laxative nature, may be considered as medi- 
 cinal. If freely eaten they impart their peculiar fra- 
 grance to the urine, and when retained in the mouth for 
 
666 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 some time, dissolve tartarous concretions on the teeth. 
 They are of great service in cases of scurvy, and accord- 
 ing to Linneus, a copious use of them has proved a cer- 
 tain preventive of the stone in the kidneys. An infu- 
 sion of strawberry leaves, while young and tender, makes 
 excellent tea, but for such purpose they ought to be dried 
 in the shade, being slightly bitter and styptic. They 
 have been used with advantage in laxity and debility of 
 the intestines, as likewise in hemorrhages and other fluxes. 
 Lastly, they are of considerable service as aperients, in 
 suppression of urine, visceral obstructions, and jaundice. 
 
 SWEET VIOLET, 
 
 Is cultivated in our gardens; leaves heart shaped, 
 notched ; flowers deep purple, odoriferous. A teaspoon- 
 ful of the powdered herb is celebrated as a mild laxative. 
 To children, a strong infusion or decoction formed into 
 syrup with molasses, honey or sugar, in doses of a wine- 
 glassful, will be more acceptable. 
 
 WATER CRESSES, 
 
 Grow in running brooks and wet ditches. The green 
 herb, eaten as a vegetable, and the expressed juice in 
 doses of a tablespoonful two or three times a day, is an 
 effectual remedy for the scurvy, and for phthisic in chil- 
 dren. 
 
 hemlock — Canadian fir — (Abies Canadensis.) 
 
 This is the common hemlock tree, by some called 
 spruce pine, and grows in various parts of the United 
 States. The part generally made use of, is the inner 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 667 
 
 bark carefully dried and ground to a fine powder. A 
 tea made by steeping a tablespoonful of the powder in a 
 teacupful of boiling water forms a good medicine for 
 canker and many other complaints. The boughs made 
 into a tea are good for gravel and other obstructions of 
 the urinary passages, and for rheumatism. This tree 
 also affords a liquid resin or turpentine, which has all the 
 properties of the balsam of fir, and which may be used 
 in the same way. From this tree as well as the balsam 
 of fir an essential oil may be obtained, which has all the 
 properties of common oil of turpentine. This oil dis- 
 solved in spirits of wine is in much popular repute under 
 the name of essence of hemlock. 
 
 Grows in our gardens, from one to two feet high; 
 flowers of a pale blue color, intermixed with fine leaves; 
 the pods on the top resemble a star with five points. An 
 infusion of this herb, a small handful to a pint of boil- 
 ing water, in doses of a teacupful every hour to an adult, 
 is an infallible remedy for the colic ; children in propor- 
 tion to their age. I would advise every family to keep 
 it constantly on hand. 
 
 GOLDEN-SEAL OR KERCUMA. 
 
 Grows in rich wood-lands and hill sides, from ten to 
 fourteen inches high ; stalks smooth and round, with a 
 large leaf, serrated, and deeply indented ; bears a bunch 
 of red berries at the heel of the leaf, somewhat resem- 
 bling the ginseng berry. The root, which is the part 
 made use of, is a beautiful yellow color, having an im- 
 
668 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 pression on it resembling the stamp of a seal, from 
 whence comes its name. The root dried and powdered 
 and taken in doses of a teaspoonful in a little hot water, 
 is an excellent medicine where the food causes distress 
 in the stomach of weak patients. It is also an excellent 
 corrector of the bile. The green root pounded, and a 
 little water added to it, and strained, forms an excellent 
 eye water. 
 
 INDIAN OR WHITE SNAKE-ROOT. 
 
 By some called abcess root, grows on the sides of run- 
 ning streams and on hill sides, most commonly on the 
 north; from twelve to eighteen inches high, the stalk is 
 bare for some distance, then come leaves which are oppo- 
 site, and in shape very much resembling the common locust 
 leaves; flowers in April and May, of a bright purple 
 color, terminating in seed pods, somewhat resembling 
 those of flax, enclosed by leaves. The root is matted and 
 fibrous, and intensely bitter. A handful of the root, 
 green or dried, pounded, and steeped in hot or cold 
 water, or spirits, and drank freely through the day is 
 highly extolled, and from my own experience has proved 
 beneficial in diseases of the breast, pulmonary consump- 
 tion, and diseases of the liver. 
 
 spearmint — {Mentha Vividis.) 
 
 This plant is too well known to need a description. It 
 makes a pleasant tea, and may be used freely in sickness. 
 The infusion or essence is a warm aromatic, and expels 
 wind and relieves pain in the bowels and stomach. The 
 most valuable property it possesses is to stop vomiting. 
 It enters into the neutralizing cordials. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 669 
 
 skunk cabbage — bear's-foot — (Symplocarpus Fetida.) 
 
 This plant grows in various parts of the United States, 
 and is generally found in meadows and wet land, and 
 along the sides of runs ; the leaves are large, and have a 
 very foetid smell, like that of the animal whose name it 
 bears. The root has a pungent taste, which, when dug, 
 dried and reduced to a powder, and taken in doses of a 
 teaspoonful in a little honey, in the morning or at night, 
 when going to bed, is said to be very efficacious in the 
 asthma, cough, difficulty of breathing, and other disor- 
 ders of the lungs, colic, griping of bowels, etc. The 
 leaves bruised, made into a poultice and applied, relieve 
 painful swellings, whitlows, sore breasts, etc. A further 
 use of this will be found in the receipts it enters. 
 
 QUAKING ASP. 
 
 This tree grows in many parts of this country, and is 
 a species of poplar ; the twigs are short, brittle, and ex- 
 tremely bitter to the taste. The bark should be taken 
 from the tree, the outside shaved off, and the inner care- 
 fully dried and preserved for use. The inner bark, made 
 into a tea and drank freely, is an excellent medicine to 
 regulate the bile, and to restore the digestive powers, etc. 
 It enters into my medical wine. 
 
 vervain — ( Verbena Hastata.) 
 
 There are two species of this plant, the blue and the 
 white, growing very common in various parts of the 
 
670 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 country, and is a well known herb, used in the form of 
 tea, or in powder ; it is an excellent emetic, either alone 
 or combined with the thoroughwort. It has also been 
 used with success in the first stages of consumption, and 
 fevers, and is very useful in the obstruction of menstru- 
 ation. 
 
 ROSE NOBLE, OR CARPENTERS' SQUARE. 
 
 Grows on rich land, and along the sides of fences and 
 ditches, about six or seven feet high ; stalks square and 
 hollow, branching towards the top ; leaves oposite, large, 
 rough, serrated, and of a deep green color; the seed 
 pods are small, somewhat resembling those of rattle 
 weed. A poultice, made of the bark of the root, is an 
 excellent application to ulcers and white swellings. 
 
 BEDONIAN PLANT 
 
 Is frequently cultivated in the gardens of this country, 
 and possesses many medicinal qualities. The leaves and 
 flowers are of a warming nature — strengthen the nerves, 
 breast, and kidneys. Put into wine, and drink freely ; 
 it is efficacious in removing obstructions of the liver and 
 melt, and dissolving calculi in the kidneys, removing diz- 
 ziness in the head, croup, palsy, and trembling of the 
 limbs. The flowers powdered and snuffed up the nose, 
 relieve the headache. It may be used either in the form 
 of tincture, decoction, or conserve. 
 
 Take bedonian and wormwood, of each equal parts > 
 put into wine, digest for a few days, and drink a wine- 
 glassful every morning, and it will be found a good pre- 
 servative of health. A wineglassful, taken every morn- 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 671 
 
 ing for some time previous to the confinement of pregnant 
 women, is said to produce very salutary effects. A strong 
 tea of this herb is also recommended in hysteric fits ; it 
 eases pain and stops the spasms. It is undoubtedly a 
 valuable plant, and should be cultivated by every family. 
 
 WHITE WALNUT OR BUTTERNUT — {JugldTlS Alba,) 
 
 Affords one of the finest cathartic medicines in the 
 whole American Meteria Medica. An extract from the 
 inner bark of this tree, especially of the root, operates 
 as a purgative in doses of fifteen, twenty, or thirty grains. 
 Age impairs its power. The bark of the root should be 
 collected in May or June. After cleaning, cutting, and 
 bruising, it should have eight times its weight of water 
 added to it. It should then be boiled to one half, strain- 
 ed through a thick cloth, and afterwards evaporated to 
 the consistence of thick honey, at such a distance from 
 the fire that it shall not be burnt in the least. The best 
 way is to place it in a large vessel containing water ; it 
 may then be dried in a warm oven till it will pill. Take 
 four or five pills the size of a pea for a purge. A com- 
 mon sized pill or two, on going to bed, is admirable to 
 relieve those costive habits which occasion headaches, 
 loaded stomachs, colics, etc., and in increased doses, say 
 double quantities, it will be found a sovereign medicine 
 in dyspepsia, dvsentery, bilious fever, and all other com- 
 plaints requiring aparient medicines. 
 
 The bark of the root is excellent to raise a blister, and 
 therefore may be substituted for Spanish flies. 
 
 red chickweed — {Annagallis Phenicea.) 
 
 Called also red pimpernel. 
 
 A small plant, growing sometimes like parsley, only 
 
672 
 
 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the leaves are considerably smaller, with small black spots 
 on the under side ; bears a small red blossom in June, 
 and grows spontaneously near Baltimore and Havre de 
 Grace. According to the deposition of Valentine Ketter- 
 ing, to the Legislature of Pennsylvania, and report made 
 by their committee, the red chickweed is a specific in 
 that most dreadful of all diseases, the hydrophobia, or 
 bite of a mad dog. The dose for an adult is a small 
 tablespoonful of the dried leaves in powder; for beasts, 
 the dose is much larger. It ought to be gathered when 
 in full bloom, thoroughly dried in the shade, and care- 
 fully preserved. A decoction made by boiling an ounce 
 of the herb with the same quantity of hops, in a quart 
 of water, in a clean earthen pot, strained, cooled, and 
 then bottled, and taken in doses of a gill, two or three 
 times a day. In a powder or decoction it is said to be an 
 effectual remedy for the bite of a mad dog. It is no 
 doubt a valuable plant, and should be cultivated in our 
 gardens. 
 
 HEMP — COMMON. 
 
 This article is too well known to need a description, 
 and possesses the most active medicinal properties, es- 
 pecially in female complaints, and cannot be too highly 
 valued. A strong tea made by steeping a handful of the 
 leaves, green or dried, in boiling water, and taken in 
 doses of a teacupful every fifteen or twenty minutes, is 
 an effectual remedy for the hysterics. A gill of the seeds, 
 pounded, and infused in a pint of boiling water, and 
 taken in doses of a gill every fifteen minutes, is an ad- 
 mirable remedy to check the flooding after abortion. It 
 will also prevent abortion, if taken in time. This plant 
 
•DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 673 
 
 has proved of such infinite service in those cases, that it 
 cannot be too highly valued, and should be constantly 
 kept by every family. I am confident I once saved my 
 wife, in case of abortion, with this herb. 
 
 mullein — (Verbascum Thapsus)—The Leaves and Blossoms. 
 
 Common Name. — Common mullein. 
 
 This plant is a native of Great Britain, and grows 
 plentifully with us along road-sides and in old fields. 
 
 The blossoms of this plant are anodyne, anti-spasmod- 
 ic, pectoral, etc. They make a very pleasant tea, which 
 is useful in coughs, hemoptysis, hemorrhage, etc. The 
 leaves are very useful in dysentery, and in piles. A de- 
 coction of the leaves may be drank in dysentery, and in 
 piles ; they make a valuable fomentation to discuss the 
 tumors. In the form of a poultice, the leaves and pith 
 of the stocks are useful in white swelling, as above di- 
 rected. 
 
 willow — (Salix.) 
 
 Professor Barton thinks that our willows possess nearly 
 the same virtues that have been ascribed to those of 
 Europe, and that they might be substituted for the Pe- 
 ruvian bark. The bark of the white willow, smoothe 
 willow, and crack willow, so called from the remarkable 
 bitterness of its branches, collected when it abounds with 
 sap, has been successfully employed in intermittent, or 
 ague and fever, in doses of one or two drachms. The 
 broad-leafed willow is said to possess greater virtues than 
 either of the above. This species may be distinguished 
 by the shape of its leaves from all others, except the bay 
 43 
 
674 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 leafed willow. The leaves of the latter are smooth and 
 shining, and of a deeper green, and have not the downy 
 appearance on the under surface, which is so remarkable 
 in this. It is found in woods and hedges, on hilly situa- 
 tions, and delights in cold, clayey, moist grounds. A 
 strong decoction of this bark resembles port wine in 
 color. It is astringent to the taste, and somewhat bitter. 
 According to Dr. Wilkinson, it is a remedy of great effi- 
 cacy in most cases where the Peruvian bark is indicated. 
 He directs one ounce and a half to be infused in one 
 quart of water for six hours ; then boil it over a gentle 
 fire for a quarter of an hour, and strain for use. Of this, 
 the ordinary dose is a wineglassful three or four times a 
 day. But in ague and fever, the dose may be repeated 
 every third hour in the interval of the fit. 
 
 arrow-root — (Maranta Aurundinacea,) 
 Is cultivated in the southern states. A tablespoonful 
 makes a pint of the finest jelly in nature, which affords 
 the most nutricious food for children in acute diseases. 
 To persons laboring under bowel complaints, as diarrhoea, 
 and dysentery, it is of itself a remedy. The jelly is 
 made in the following manner : To a tablespoonful of 
 this powdered root, add as much cold water as will make 
 it into a thin paste, and then pour on boiling water 
 through the spout of a kettle, stirring it at the same 
 time briskly, till it becomes a clear jelly; after which, 
 season it with sugar and nutmeg; and to render it still 
 more palatable, a little wine or lemon juice may be ad- 
 ded. But to children, blending it with new milk is the 
 best. 
 
 pennyroyal — (Mentha Pulegium.) 
 
 An infusion, a handful to a quart of boiling water, a 
 eacupful, the dose three times a day, has long been es- 
 
DESCRIPTION OP HERBS. 675 
 
 teemed in hysteric complaints and obstructions of the 
 menses. It is said, that the expressed juice of penny- 
 royal, with a little sugar or honey, a teacupful every two 
 or three hours, is a useful medicine in the whooping 
 cough. • 
 
 dill — (Anethum Groveolens,) 
 
 Flourishes in our gardens, producing seed delightfully 
 aromatic, which, in doseo of one or two teaspoonsful, is 
 excellent for flatulent colics, and to assist digestion. 
 
 elecampane — (Inula Helenium) — The Boot. 
 
 Common Name. — Elecampane. 
 
 This is a perennial plant, indigenous to Europe, but is 
 very common in this country, growing in low meadows, 
 by the road-side, and in stony pastures. It flowers in 
 July and August. This plant is possessed of pretty en- 
 ergetic tonic properties. It is an excellent article, in 
 combination with others, in colds and coughs, pulmonary 
 irritation, and consumption. It enters into the pul- 
 monary balsam. 
 
 hops — (Hamulus Lupulus) — The Fruit. 
 
 Common Name. — Garden hops. 
 
 The saturated tincture of hops relieves pain, in tea- 
 spoonful doses. It is very good for after-pains, and in 
 cases where opium cannot be taken. Boiled in vinegar 
 and water, makes an excellent fermentation to relieve 
 pain of the bowels, head, and other parts. The extract 
 or pollen of hops may be given as an anodyne. 
 
676 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 * witch-hazel — {Hamamelis Virginica) — The Bark. 
 
 Common Names. — Winter witch-hazel, witch-hazel, 
 snapping hazelnut, winter bloom, pistachoenut, etc. 
 
 This shrub blossoms in winter, when no other tree is 
 in bloom. The blossoms remain from October to February. 
 The fruit remains on throughout the whole year till the 
 next fall, and then explodes with a noise, scatteriDg the 
 seeds around. Found from £Tew England to Carolina, 
 and Ohio, commonly on hills and mountains, near stony 
 banks of streams, rare in plains, etc. This article may 
 be applied externally as a poultice in ulcers, etc., and in 
 the form of a strong decoction, as an injection into the 
 vagina for prolapsus or falling down of the womb, and 
 as a wash for falling of the intestine. 
 
 liverwort — {Hepatica Triloba) — The Plant and Boot. 
 
 Common Names. — Common liverwort, liverweed, tree- 
 foil, noble liverwort. 
 
 This is a vernal plant ; the leaves stand the winter, 
 and early in the spring, the flowers come out, sometimes 
 while the snow is yet falling. They last from March 
 till May. This plant is a native of the northern parts 
 of Europe, Asia, and America; growing on this last 
 continent from Labrador to Virginia and the Pacific 
 Ocean; found in woods, on hills and mountains though - 
 out the United States. 
 
 Properties. — Sub-tonic, sub-astringent, deobstruent, pec- 
 toral, and demulcent. It may be used in fevers, liver 
 complaints, indigestion, hypochcondria, etc. It is useful 
 
DESCRIPTION OP HERBS. 677 
 
 for hemoptysis (bleeding of the lungs) and coughs. It 
 may be given in the form of infusion, either warm or 
 cold. This herb is one of Nature's best productions, 
 and should be used in all diseases of the breast and 
 lungs. 
 
 guaiacum — {Guaiacum Officinale,) 
 
 *£>• 
 
 Common Name. — Guaiacum. 
 
 This tree is a native of the "West Indies. Both the 
 wood and resin of guaiacum possess diaphoretic and al- 
 terative properties. It is employed in gout, chronic 
 rheumatism, and affections of the skin ; in old and very 
 obstinate venereal ulcers, scrofulous affections, etc.; in 
 rheumatism, particularly that arising from the use of 
 mercury. In gout, etc., Dr. Chapman, of Philadelphia, 
 in his Therapeutics, speaks very favorably of this article 
 in diseases of the eyes. It is well calculated to remove 
 the mercurial disease. 
 
 blood root — (Sanguinaria Canadensis,) 
 
 Has a variety of names, as red root, puccoon, Indian 
 paint, turmeric, etc. 
 
 It grows about a foot high, in rich wood lands, and 
 flowers in April. The leaves are roundish and deeply 
 indented; somewhat like the white oak leaves; stems 
 naked, supporting single flowers ; blossoms white. When 
 the fresh roots, which is about the size of the little finger, 
 and blood red, is broken, a juice issues in large drops 
 resembling blood. The root in powder, from twenty to 
 thirty grains is strongly emetic. Professor Barton con- 
 siders it nearly equal to the seneca or rattlesnake root, 
 in cases of ulcerous sore throat, croup and hives, and 
 
678 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 other similar affections. A tincture may be prepared by 
 steeping a handful of the root sliced in half a pint of 
 spirits. It may also be exhibited in the form of decoc- 
 tion, a handful to a quart of boiling water, and a table- 
 spoonful for a dose every two or three hours. 
 
 The juice of the root is said to be good for destroying 
 warts. Dried and pulverized, and snuffed up the nose, 
 it is a certain cure for the pollypus. Given in large and 
 repeated doses, it has been found of great use in the in- 
 cipient stages of pulmonary consumption ; and in cases 
 of great irritation, it was combined with opium. It is 
 also stated that, given in large doses, sufficient to pro- 
 duce vomiting, it often removes the croup, if admin- 
 istered in the first stages. Some physicians rely wholly 
 on this remedy for the cure of the croup. This enters 
 into a number of my compounds. 
 
 burdock — {Arctium Lappa,) 
 
 Grows on the road sides, on rubbish and ditch banks, 
 bearing purplish blossoms in July and August. The 
 juice of the fresh leaves, or an infusion or decoction of the 
 roots, operates gently on the bowels, sweetens the blood, 
 promotes sweat and urine, and is highly recommended 
 in scorbutic, rheumatic, and venereal disorders. The 
 juice is given in doses of a wineglassful, and the decoc- 
 tion half a pint three times a day. It enters into a 
 number of my syrups. 
 
 gentian — ( Gentiana,) 
 
 Grows on the sides of roads, two or three feet high. The 
 stem is strong, smooth, and erect ; the leaves, which rise 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 679 
 
 from the lower part of the stem, are spear-shaped, large, 
 ribbed, and rough; flowers, yellow, in whorls, termin- 
 ating in yellow bitter berries close to the stalk. Its vir- 
 tues are equal to the imported. It has long occupied 
 the first place in all receipts for bitters, whether used to 
 provoke the appetite, or give tone to the system. It may 
 also be taken in the form of infusion, a small handful of 
 root to a quart of boiling water, in doses of a teacupful 
 three or four times a day. It is said to increase the ap- 
 petite, prevent the acidification of the food, and to enable, 
 the stomach to bear, and digest articles of food, which 
 before produced oppression and dejection of spirits. In 
 the form of decoction, it is used with decided advantage 
 in inflammation of the lungs where the fever is nervous, 
 and it acts as a tonic and sudorific. A tincture of it is 
 esteemed as a remedy in dyspepsia, given in doses of one- 
 fourth of an ounce. It is also good in rheumatism. 
 
 featherfew — {Matricaria Vulgaris.) 
 
 It is frequently cultivated in gardens. A handful of 
 the leaves and tops infused in a quart of water, and 
 given in doses of a teacupful three or four times a day, 
 is used by country people to raise the spirits, and pro- 
 mote perspiration in colds and fevers. A handful of 
 featherfew, combined with a handful of centasery, and 
 the same quantity of cohush root, and formed into a tea, 
 and given in doses of a teacupful every two hours, is 
 found to produce the most salutary effects in cases of 
 obstructed menstruation. The tea should not, however, 
 be used longer than to produce the desired effect. 
 
680 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 hyssop — (JSyssojpus,) 
 
 Is cultivated in our gardens. An infusion of the leaves, 
 sweetened with honey, or in the form of a syrup, is use- 
 ful in humoral asthma, coughs, and other disorders of 
 the breast and lungs, accompanied with inflammatory 
 rheumatism. 
 
 caraway — (Carum Cami,) 
 
 Is a choice aromatic; grows kindly in bur gardens. 
 The seeds assist digestion, strengthen the stomach, and 
 are serviceable in flatulent colics. The dose of the seeds 
 in powder, from one to two teaspoonsful to adults. 
 
 masterwart — (Imj^eratoria,) 
 
 Grows in meadows and rich soils, two feet high ; leaves, 
 three together, saw-edged, and spear-sharpened ; flowers 
 in June. The root of this plant is a warm and grateful 
 medicine in flatulency, weakness of the stomach and 
 bowels, and dropsical affections. It may be taken in the 
 form of powder, decoction or tincture. One drachm, or 
 a teaspoonful of the powder in a glass of wine or spirits, 
 and taken an hour before the fit, has frequently prevent- 
 ed the ague. I have used it to great advantage for pal- 
 sy of the tongue. The decoction or infusion is made of 
 one handful of the herb in a quart of boiling water, and 
 the dose, a teacupful three times a day. The above plant 
 is frequently cultivated in gardens. The root, pulverized, 
 in doses of a half or teaspoonfuil in the morning, is said 
 to be a good remedy for children troubled with fits; 
 hence it is called by the country people, " fit root." 
 Adults may take it in much larger doses. 
 
DESCRIPTION OP HERBS. 681 
 
 thoroughwort — (Uupatorium,) 
 
 Is also known by the following names : thoroughstem, 
 crosswort, boneset, and Indian sage. 
 
 It grows in wet meadows and other moist places. The 
 stock is hairy and rises from two to four feet. The flow- 
 ers are white and appear in July and August. The 
 leaves at each joint are horizontal, saw-edged, and rough, 
 from three to four inches long, and about one inch broad 
 at the base, gradually lessening to a very acute point, of 
 a dark green, and covered with hairs. This plant pos- 
 sesses very active powers, and has been exhibited with 
 uncommon advantage in intermittents, remittents and 
 other diseases of debility. The dried leaves in powder, 
 in doses of twelve or fifteen grains, operate gently on the 
 bowels. Every part of this plant may be advantageous- 
 ly employed in practice. The flowers, as a tonic bitter, 
 are deemed equal to the flowers of chamomile, for which 
 they might be substituted on many occasions. A wine- 
 glassful of the expressed juice of the green herb, drank 
 every hour, is celebrated as a certain cure for the bite of 
 the rattlesnake. The bruised leaves should be applied 
 to the part. This is among the best herbs that grow. 
 
 motherwort — (Leonrorrus Cardiaca,) 
 
 Grows in waste places, and flowers in July and Au- 
 gust. The flowers are in thorny whorls, purplish within 
 and white on the outside ; the leaves are opposite, two to 
 each whorl ; they have a strong disagreeable odor, and 
 a bitter taste. An infusion of this plant is a common 
 domestic medicine for fainting, and disorders of the 
 
682 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 stomach. It is said to be peculiarly adapted to some 
 constitutions affected with nervous and hysterical agita- 
 tions ; and that if taken at bed time, procures refreshing 
 sleep, when opium and laudanum had failed. There is 
 no better herb to drive melancholy vapors from the heart, 
 to strengthen it, and make it merry and cheerful than 
 this herb, bruised; it makes women joyful mothers, and 
 regulates them after delivery as they should be. The 
 pounded, or decoction thereof, taken, helps women in 
 sore travail. It is good for worms in children ; and also 
 good for cramps, and convulsions. 
 
 dandelion — (Leonisdore Taraxacum ,) 
 
 Vulgarly called " piss-a-bed"* 
 
 Grows in meadows, pastures, road-sides, and ditch- 
 banks, with yellow flowers, which bloom from April to 
 September, and possess the remakable quality of expand- 
 ing in the morning and closing in the evening. The 
 root, leaves, and stalk, contain a large proportion of bit- 
 ter milky juice, which in doses of a wineglassful two or 
 three times a day, is good in chronic inflammations of 
 the liver, dropsies, difficulty of making water, and other 
 complaints arising from obstructions of the viscera. It 
 may also be taken in the form of a strong decoction, from 
 a gill to a half-pint two or three times a day. It enters 
 in the liver pills. 
 
 VIOLET KATTLESNAKE, 
 
 Grows about four inches high, on the banks of rivers, 
 and in pine woods ; leaves grow in a cluster from the 
 stock, oval-shaped, fleshy, and full of small veins ; flow- 
 ers of a pale blue color. An infusion of this plant, or 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 683 
 
 handful to a quart of boiling water, taken in doses of a 
 teacupful three or four times a day, and some of the 
 green leaves bruised, and applied two or three times a 
 day to scrofulous tumors, or king's evil, is said to be an 
 infallible remedy, though I have never tried it. 
 
 tansy — (Tanacetuno Vulgare.) 
 
 This plant possesses a warm bitter taste, and may be 
 used as a substitute for hops. An infusion of the leaves 
 is recommended for a weak stomach, hysteric complaints, 
 and obstructed menses. The seeds, taken in doses of 
 from a scruple to a drachm, are said to be an excellent 
 vermifuge, and that if animal substance be rubbed with 
 the herb, it will be effectually preserved from the flesh fly. 
 
 mountain tea — (Gaultheria Procumbens.) 
 
 It spreads very extensively over the more barren moun- 
 tainous parts of the United States. A strong infusion of 
 this plant, a large handful to a quart of boiling water, in 
 doses of a teacupful, three or four times a day, is esteem- 
 ed useful in asthma, and for promoting the menstrual 
 discharge. The essence possesses all the medical virtues 
 of the herb. 
 
 cohush, poppoose, or squaw-root — (Caulophyllum Thalic- 
 
 troides. 
 
 Grows about two feet high, in low, moist, rich grounds, 
 near running streams, and on islands that have over- 
 flown. The leaves grow on small stalks ndar the top of 
 the stem, which resemble the hand and Angers. The 
 flowers are of a pale blue color, which yield a berry 
 
684 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 something like grapes. The root is composed of many 
 fibres, and is crooked, resembling the rattlesnake root. 
 An infusion of the root, a handful to a quart of boiling 
 water, in doses of a teacupful three or four times a day, 
 or the same quantity steeped in a quart of spirits, in 
 doses of a wineglassful,two or three times a day, is high- 
 ly extolled as a remedy for the rheumatism, and servi- 
 ceable in cases of obstruction of the menses and dropsi- 
 cal complaints. A strong decoction of the root, used as 
 a gurgle, is an excellent remedy for the putrid sore throat. 
 There is nothing better than this root for women to take 
 previous to confinement. 
 
 ginseng — (Parax Quinquefolium.) 
 
 This plant is thinly scattered throughout the moun- 
 tainous regions of the northern, middle, and western 
 states, between the 38th and 47th degrees of north lati- 
 tude. It inhabits rich, shady woods, the declivities of 
 mountains, and the banks of torrents. The stem is 
 smooth, round, and green, regularly divided at the top 
 into three branches, with a flower stock in the centre. 
 It flowers in July, and has red berries. The root con- 
 sists of one or more fleshy, oblong portions, of a whitish 
 color, tranversely wrinkled. As far as ginseng has been 
 tried in this country, or in Europe, its virtues do not ap- 
 pear, by any means, to justify the high estimate of it by 
 the Chinese. That it is not a very active substance, is 
 proved by the fact, that a whole root may be eaten with- 
 out inconvenience. Its place in the Materia Medica is 
 among the demulcents. 
 
 Ginseng is principally used as a cordial, many persons 
 chewing it or taking it steeped in wine or spirits, in doses 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 685 
 
 of a wineglassful, twice a day. As a masticatory, gin- 
 seng is innocent and refreshing. It forms an excellent 
 substitute for tobacco. It has been recommended to 
 those whose constitutions have been injured by the im- 
 moderate use of tobacco, and has been found to have 
 produced the most beneficial consequences. It is neces- 
 sary, however, that the salivia should be swallowed. A 
 tea made of ginseng is an excellent remedy for small 
 children in cases of colic. 
 
 cinquefoil — (Potentilta Beptans,) 
 
 Grows on pasture grounds, and is something similar 
 to strawberry. The stalks trail along the ground, and 
 have but five leaves on each stalk, placed together of an 
 equal size, and bear a yellow flower. The whole of the 
 plant, particularly the root, in the form of decoction, a 
 handful to a quart of water or milk, boiled slowly and 
 sweetened with loaf sugar, is recommended as a remedy 
 for the dysentery and bowel complaints. The dose for 
 adults is a teacupful three or four times a day, and one- 
 third or half the quantity for children. A decoction 
 made of roots and tops of this herb is excellent for 
 night sweats. 
 
 centaury — (Centaurium Minor,) 
 
 Is a fine stomach bitterSj and either in a simple infu- 
 sion or united with calamus or angelica root, is excellent 
 in relaxation of the stomach and general debility. 
 
 SWEET-FLAG OR CALAMUS — (AcaVUS CclldmilS,) 
 
 Grows in marshy situations and in shallow water, and 
 
686 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 may be known by the long, sword-shaped leaves, re- 
 sembling those of the blue and yellow flags, but narrow- 
 er, and of a brighter green. 
 
 queen of the meadow — (Uupatorium Parpureum) 
 
 Called also trumpet weed, gravel weed, etc. Grows 
 in hedges and on the sides of meadows, about four feet 
 high; the stalks reddish, leaves long, spear-shaped/ from 
 three to five round the stalk, opposite each other ; flow- 
 ers purple. The leaves have similar properties to 
 thoroughwort, and are considerable weaker and less lia- 
 ble to vomit and purge. A large handful of the roots 
 boiled in three pints of water to a quart, and given in 
 doses of a teacupful every two hours, is an excellent 
 remedy in surpression of urine, bloody urine, and gravel. 
 It strengthens the urinary organs, and weakness of these 
 parts generally, and is good in carrying off the water in 
 dropsy. 
 
 crane's bill — [Geranium Maculatum.) 
 
 This plant is, by some, improperly called crow foot. 
 It blossoms in the spring, from May to July. The root 
 is crooked and knotted, blackish on the outside and red- 
 ish within, furnished with short fibres, and sends up 
 annually an herbaceous stem with several radical leaves, 
 branching from one to two feet high, of a grayish green 
 color. The leaves are deeply divided into three, five, or 
 seven lobes, which are variously incised at their extremi- 
 ties, hairy, and of pale green color, mottled with still 
 paler spots ; those which rise immediately from the roots 
 are supported on foot stalks, eight or ten inches long ; 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 687 
 
 the flowers are large and usually of a pale color. "When 
 applied externally, it is highly extolled for its styptic 
 power in stopping hemorrhage of wounded vessels. The 
 powdered root, in doses of a teaspoonful three or four 
 times a day, or a decoction in milk, used as a common 
 drink, is excellent in checking immoderate menstrual 
 discharges, also the whites and gleets, and obstinate 
 diarrhoea. The following account of the efficacy of 
 crane's bill, as stated by Dr. Mease, in the Medical 
 Museum, deserves the attention of the reader : The son 
 of David Cooper, near Woodburry, partially divided the 
 artery at the wrist with the point of a hatchet in trimm- 
 ing a tree. The wound bled profusely, and an aueuris] 
 matic tumor of the size of a pullet's egg was quickly 
 formed. Dr. Hendry, who was immediately called, ap- 
 plied a tourniquet, and also a flat piece of lead to the 
 tumor, and apprehending that the usual operation would 
 be necessary, requested the assistance of Dr. ¥m. Ship- 
 pen, from Philadelphia. On the arrival of that gentle- 
 man the operation was resolved on, when the father of 
 the young man insisted upon the trial of a vegetable 
 remedy, which he said he had learned the use of from 
 one of the aborigines of our country. He immediately 
 repaired to the woods, and returned with some of the 
 specific, which was pounded in a mortar with a little 
 cold water, and applied to the part, and in a short time, 
 to the great satisfaction of the sufferer and his friends, 
 checked the bleeding. The tourniquet was left on -as a 
 precautionary measure, but fortunately no occasion ofter- 
 ed for using it. In the course of a few days the wound 
 healed, and the young man had no farther trouble. 
 
 A man in pruning a tree divided the stout muscles of 
 the fore-arm in an oblique direction; the wound was 
 
688 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 full four inches long, and bled profusely from a large 
 artery and numerous smaller vessels. His shirt sleeve 
 was filled with blood, for being made tight round his 
 wrist and fore-arm, it prevented the blood from escaping, 
 and forming a coagulum round the bleeding orifice, 
 checked for a short time a further effusion. The power- 
 ful effects produced by the geranium in the former case, 
 induced Dr. Hendry to apply it in the present. Accord- 
 ingly he procured some of the roots, and after washing 
 and pounding them filled the wound therewith; the ef- 
 fect upon the smaller vessels was almost instantaneous 
 in checking the effusion of their contents, and the bleed- 
 ing in a short time ceased; and although, as in the 
 former case, the tourniquet was being properly suffered 
 to remain, yet no occasion offered for using it. Another 
 case occurred of a wound in the ankle from a scythe, 
 which had bled so profusely as to cause the man to faint ; 
 but on the application of the geranium it ceased in a 
 short time. In the instance of a violent vomiting of 
 blood, which had resisted a variety of remedies, an in- 
 fusion of the plant in water produced the desired effect 
 in a few minutes. In consequence of the virtues of the 
 geranium having been so often experienced about Wood- 
 burry in cases of hemorrhage, the inhabitants have been 
 induced to cultivate it in their gardens, and it would be 
 well if their example were followed by every one in the 
 country ; for though Providence has diffused the valu- 
 able plant [ovev every part of our country, yet it grows 
 principally, and /the accident it is intended to cure may 
 admit of no delay, and often happens in winter when the 
 plant cannot be found. It should be transferred to every 
 garden that it may be at hand when needed. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 689 
 
 FEVER BUSH, OR WILD ALLSPICE — (DumUS TebriS,) 
 
 Grows in meadows and swamps, and generally rises 
 five or six feet high; leaves numerous and somewhat 
 spear-shaped ; the blossoms rather of a reddish color ; 
 the berries are of a blood red, and of a pleasant smell. 
 A handful of the twigs of this bush, infused in a quart 
 of boiling water, and given in doses of a teacupful every 
 hour or two, is extremely cooling and benificial in fevers. 
 A handful of the berries infused in a quart of spirits, 
 forms a pleasant bitter. The powdered bark is also an 
 excellent remedy for worms. It is also a great purifier 
 of the blood. 
 
 st. John's wort. 
 
 It is well known that the St. John's wort is a singular 
 wound herb, as any other whatever, for inward wounds, 
 hurts or bruises ; to be boiled in wine and drank, or pre- 
 pared in oil or ointment, bathe or taken inwardly. It has 
 power to open obstructions, to dissolve swelling, to close 
 up wounds, and to strengthen the parts that are feeble. 
 The decoction of the herb and flowers, but the seed 
 especially, in wine, helps all manner of spitting and 
 vomiting blood, by any vein being broken inwardly, 
 bruises, falls, or whatever provokes the terms. Two 
 drachms of the seed, made into powder and drank in 
 broth, will expel cloded or congealed blood in the stom- 
 ach. It is good for all kinds of agues ; a decoction of 
 the seed is good for the seatic, falling sickness, and palsy. 
 
 MALLOWS. 
 
 This herb grows in every country, and almost in every 
 door-yard. There are two kinds of mallows, but their 
 44 
 
690 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 virtues are the same. A decoction of the herb and roots 
 made into wine, is opening to the body and good in 
 agues. A decoction of the seeds made in milk or wine, 
 does marvelously help phthisic, pleurisy, and other dis- 
 eases of the chest. The juice drank in wine, or the de- 
 coction of them therein, helps women to a speedy and 
 safe delivery. Pliny said that whoever drank a spoonful 
 of the juice in the morning, will be free from any disease 
 that day. The leaves bruised and laid upon the eyes, 
 takes the inflammation from them. The decoction of 
 the leaves and roots is good for all kinds of poison, 
 scabby head, scalding, and St. Anthony's fire, sore mouth 
 and throat. The green leaves bruised with nitre, draws 
 out thorns and prickles in the flesh. The big mallows 
 is more effectual in all the before-mentioned diseases. 
 The decoction of the leaves is used in blisters to ease all 
 pains of the body, and it open the passages. The decoc- 
 tion in white wine, is good for the king's evil or swelling 
 in women's breasts. Mallows bruised and boiled in milk, 
 and the decoction for constant drink, cures the dysentery. 
 I use this herb a good deal, and find it an excellent 
 herb, and I think it too little used by people generally. 
 
 crow foot — {Ranunculus Bulbosus.) 
 
 A very acid plant, growing in meadows and fields. 
 The leaves and roots bruised and applied to any part of 
 the body, will soon raise a blister, and ought to be used 
 when the Spanish flies cannot be obtained. The roots 
 collected in the fall, may be very well preserved through 
 the winter by burying them in some fine, dry sand. 
 
 wild chamomile — {Anthemus Cotula.) 
 
 Common Names. — "Wild chamomile, May weed, dog's 
 finnel, dilly, dillweed, field weed. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 691 
 
 History. — It blossoms from June to November, afford- 
 ing a profusion of flowers in succession, of the size of 
 of the chamomile, but never double. The whole plant 
 has a strong smell, but not foetid. 
 
 Locality. — Our plant is indigenous and not naturalized, 
 as mentioned by some botanists. It is spread all over 
 the United States, from Maine to Louisiana, but con- 
 fined almost everywhere to open fields. It is never found 
 in woods, but delights in the sun, road sides, strong 
 places, old fields, etc. The properties of this article are 
 similar to the common chamomile, but weaker, and less 
 pleasant to the taste. It may be substituted for it with 
 safety. It is surdorific, stimulent, anodyne, emetic, etc. 
 The external use in fomentations is proper in white 
 swellings, rheumatism, hysterics, fits, suffocation, piles, 
 pains, and contusions. It acts always as a sudorific, 
 promoting copious sweating, and is very beneficial to as- 
 sist the action of emetics. In large doses, it is emetic, 
 but in small ones, it is diaphoretic, and gentle tonic. It 
 is highly prized by country people, to promote perspira- 
 tion in many incipient complaints. A tumblerful of the 
 infusion may be given three or four times a day ; and, to 
 promote perspiration, it may be freely drank. 
 
 horse-radish — (Gochlearia Armoracea,) 
 
 Grows on the sides of ditches and damp places, but is 
 cultivated in our gardens for culinary and medicinal 
 purposes. It has long been known as a most powerful 
 anti-scorbutic, and when taken freely, it stimulates the 
 nervous system, promotes urine and perspiration, and is 
 thereby usefully employed in palsy, dropsy, scurvy, and 
 chronic rheumatism. The root should be cut into small 
 
692 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 pieces, without bruising, and swallowed in a dose of a 
 tablespoonful, without chewing, once or twice a day ; or 
 it may be steeped in wine, and taken in doses of a small 
 wineglassful. Whether externally or internally em- 
 ployed, horse-radish proves a stimulent ; hence it has 
 been found serviceable by chewing it in palsy of the 
 tongue, and applied in paralytic complaints to affected 
 parts. The roots, scraped, and applied in the form of 
 poultice, to the feet, until some inflammation is produced, 
 in low stages of fever, attended with delerium, has also 
 produced good effects. 
 
 prickly-ash — (Zanthoxylum.) 
 
 Both the bark and berry are of a hot, acrid taste, and 
 when chewed, powerfully promotes spitting. It is used 
 in this way to cure the toothache, as well as putting 
 some in the hollow ; also to cure palsy of the tongue. 
 The prickly-ash has a great deal of reputation in the 
 United States, as a remedy in chronic rheumatism. In 
 that disease, its operation seems analogous to that of 
 mezereon and guaiacum, which it nearly resembles in its 
 sensible properties. It is not only a popular remedy in 
 the country, but many physicians place great reliance on 
 its powers in rheumatic complaints, so that apothecaries 
 generally give it a place in their shops. It is most fre- 
 quently given in decoction, an ounce being boiled in a 
 quart of water. It is found very effectual in relieving 
 nocturnal pains, and disposing venereal ulcers to heal. 
 A tincture prepared by steeping half a pint of the ber- 
 ries, or a handful of the bark, in a bottle of the spirits, 
 is much esteemed as a remedy in doses of a wineglassful 
 in flatulent colic. It is sometimes employed in this form, 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 693 
 
 in cold phlegmatic habits, afflicted with the rheumatism. 
 It enters into my Rheumatic Syrup. 
 
 yellow-dock — (Bumex Crispus) — The Boot. 
 
 Common Names. — Yellow-dock, garden patience. 
 
 Plant perennial ; indigenous to Europe, and naturalized 
 in America. Grows abundantly in damp places, gardens, 
 etc.; flowering in the summer. This plant is slightly 
 tonic, narcotic, and detergent. The decoction of the 
 root, drank, is very useful in the cure of cancers. A 
 poultice of this root, applied to indolent swellings, is 
 very useful to discuss them. An ointment is also good 
 to discuss indolent glandular tumors. Hatcher says it 
 will effectually cure the itch. A syrup made of the roots 
 is excellent to eradicate scrofulous and other taints of 
 the system. A decoction of the root is made and drank ; 
 also a syrup. It enters into my Purifying Syrups. 
 
 castor bean — (Bicinus Communis) — The Oil. 
 
 Common Name. — Castor bean. 
 
 This plant is a native of the East Indies and Africa. 
 In those countries it is said to be perennial ; but in our 
 country and in Europe, where it flourishes well, it is an 
 annual plant. 
 
 The castor oil is a very mild cathartic, unloading the 
 bowels of their contents, without occasioning any intesti- 
 nal irritation, which renders it very useful in bowel com- 
 plaints, by its oleaginous particles lubricating the in- 
 flamed mucous surface of the intestines. It is also ser- 
 viceable in colics and in strangulated hernia. It is ex- 
 cellent in inflammation of the stomach and bowels, and 
 
694 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 in all diseases where an irritating, emollient purgative 
 is required. The dose of this oil is from half an ounce 
 to one ounce, or a tablespoonful poured on peppermint 
 water, or in boiled milk, which, in a measure, disguises it. 
 
 blackberry — (Bubus Villosus) — The Boot and Berries. 
 
 This plant is found growing abundantly throughout 
 the United States, and is indigenous to this country ; 
 found growing along swamps and fences. The bark of 
 the root or the berries, formed into a syrup, is exceed- 
 ingly valuable in chronic diarrhoea and dysentery, cholera 
 infantum, or summer complaints. It often proves a 
 sovereign remedy where all other remedies fail. It is a 
 medicine much used by the Indians in dysentery ; and it 
 is said that, in the Oneida tribe, five hundred were at- 
 tacked with the disease in one season, and by the use of 
 the blackberry root, all recovered, while their neighbors, 
 the whites, fell before the disease ; no doubt in conse- 
 quence of taking mercury, or some of the common 
 agents made use of. 
 
 The root may be given in powder, infusion, decoction, 
 or syrup ; decoction, one ounce of the bruised root to a 
 pint of water. The fruit makes an excellent syrup. 
 Gather it when ripe; add a little cinnamon; bruise, 
 simmer, and strain; add loaf sugar and boil a few 
 minutes ; when cool, add a little French brandy. Dose, 
 according to age, four or five times a day, for bowel 
 complaints. For flux, I add the oil of cloves and pen- 
 nyroyal, a few drops only. 
 
 seneca snake-root — (Polygala Senega.) 
 Common Names. — Seneca snake root, rattlesnake root. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 695 
 
 It is a perennial plant ; grows wild in Pennsylvania, 
 !N*ew Jersey, and Virginia ; root about the thickness of 
 the little finger; contorted, variously bent, with joints 
 resembling the tail of a rattlesnake, whence its name. 
 This plant is indigenous to America. It is found grow- 
 ing in nearly all the States of the Union. 
 
 Properties. — Stimulant, expectorant, and diuretic. 
 Henry states, in his Herbal, that he cured a case of 
 twelve years' standing by a decoction of this plant ; one 
 ounce of the root to one quart of water, boiled to a pint. 
 Give a puke. JSText day give a tablespoonful of the de- 
 coction every hour till all is taken, which operates both 
 by stool and urine for the cure of dropsy. For the hives 
 and croup, first give a puke, then give a decoction every 
 two hours, as much as can be drank. The same is good 
 for all fevers. Dose, of the pulverized root, from ten 
 grains to half a drachm. Decoction, take one ounce of 
 the root, bruised, and simmer it in a close vessel, with a 
 pint of boiling water, until the quantity is reduced to 
 one third. 
 
 PLANTAIN— (Plcmtago Major) — Boot and Leaves. 
 
 Common Names. — Large plantain. 
 
 This plant is indigenous to this country, and is found 
 growing plentifully in meadows, pastures, by road sides, 
 and in gardens. It is possessed of refrigerants, vulnera- 
 ry, anti-septic, detergent, and sub-astringent properties. 
 It is held in high repute, by some, in the cure of bites 
 from poisonous serpents and insects. It was recorded in 
 a Virginia paper that a gentleman was bitten above the 
 knee by a spider. A few minutes after he perceived a 
 pain shooting upward from the spot, which soon reached 
 
696 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 his heart. A quantity of plantain was immediately gath- 
 ered and bruised, and the juice squeezed out and swal- 
 lowed, which stopped the progress of the poison, so that 
 a cure of the bite was obtained immediately. The leaves 
 simmered in spirits or fresh butter, make an excellent 
 ointment for erysipelas, tetter, or salt rheum. It is also 
 remarkably efficacious in poisons of all kinds. A negro 
 at the south obtained his freedom by disclosing a nostrum 
 for the bite of snakes, the basis of which was the plan- 
 tain. It consisted in giving the expressed juice of the 
 plantain and hoarhound, equal parts ; a tablespoonful, to 
 be repeated as often as the stomach would bear, and the 
 same to be applied to the wound. A writer states that 
 a toad, in fighting with a spider, as often as it was bitten, 
 retired a few steps, ate of the plantain, and then renew- 
 ed the attack. The person deprived it of the plant, and 
 it soon died. It is excellent for flux in children. Take 
 the leaves and roots, boil in sweet milk, and use it plen- 
 tifully. I make use of this plant in many of my receipts. 
 
 wild cherry — (Prunus Virginiana) — The Bark. 
 
 Common Name. — Wild cherry tree. 
 
 This tree is indigenous to the United States, in many 
 parts of which it is found in abundance, round grow- 
 ing in our forests. It enters into the wine bitters, given 
 in intermittent fever. It is excellent in many forms of 
 dysentery, and, combined with other articles, makes a 
 good beer for the blood. In the form of infusion, as a 
 tonic, should be given cold, and is excellent in involun- 
 tary discharges of urine. It will be found Id other re- 
 ceipts. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 697 
 
 dragon's claw — (Pterospora Andromeda) — The Boot. 
 
 Common Names. — Dragon's claw, fever root, etc. 
 
 This plant rises six or seven inches in height ; the 
 leaves grow in a cluster from the top of the root ; blos- 
 soms yellow ; small black root, about the size of cloves, 
 very tender, resembling the claws of a hen. It is found 
 in the Genesee country, and in the mountains around 
 Albany. This plant is useful in different kinds of fe- 
 vers, particularly typhus. It keeps up a moisture of the 
 skin, and produces no excitement. To a teaspoonful of 
 the root add about half a pint of boiling water. It may 
 be drank freely. 
 
 anise seed — (Pimpenella Anisum) — The Seed. 
 
 Common Name. — Garden anise seed. 
 
 An annual plant, native of the Levant; cultivated both 
 in Europe and America. The properties of this plant 
 are somewhat similar to those of fennel. The seeds are 
 carminative and pectoral. They are useful in dyspepsia, 
 and flatulent affections incident to children. The seeds 
 may be given, but the oil dropped on sugar is preferable. 
 For flatulence, an infusion of the seeds may be given. 
 
 alder — {Prinos Verticillatus) — The Bark and Leaves. 
 
 Common Name. — Black alder. 
 
 Properties. — Alterative, anti-herpetic, etc. 
 
 A tea or decoction of the bark, sweetened, has boon 
 highly extolcd for the removal of worms in the stomach 
 of children. The bark or the root of black alder is found 
 
698 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 excellent to purify the blood ; to be combined with other 
 articles, and made into beer or diet drink. Mathew 
 Koyes, a clergyman in Ebrthford, Connecticut, it is said, 
 was cured of an affection of the lungs, which had ren- 
 dered him unable to preach. He took a wineglassful of 
 the above preparation three or four times a day. 
 
 catnip — {Nejpeta Cataria) — The Leaves and Flowers. 
 
 Common Names. — Common catnip, catnip, catmint. 
 
 This is a perennial plant, indigenous to this country, 
 and is found growing throughout the United States, 
 along the sides of roads and old buildings. 
 
 Properties. — It is diaphoretic, carminative, dilutent, re- 
 frigerant. It is useful in all kinds of fevers, producing 
 perspiration without increasing the heat of the body. 
 Although this plant is very simple, and is by some des- 
 pised, yet it is a very valuable article. In colds, a tea 
 made of it is much used in domestic practice, and not 
 without effect, as it most generally induces a profuse 
 perspiration, which throws off the cold, and restores the 
 patient to his ordinary health. Very efficacious in all 
 kinds of fevers. It is given in infusion by infusing a 
 small quantity in a quart of boiling water. Externally, 
 as a poultice in painful swellings. Excellent also in fo- 
 mentation. It would be a fine thing if more of it was 
 used. 
 
 sassafras — {Laurus Sassafras) — Boots, Twigs and Bark. 
 
 Common Name. — Common sassafras. 
 
 This tree is a native of North America, and found 
 growing plentifully throughout the United States, in for- 
 ests and along the borders of swamps. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 699 
 
 Properties. — This article is stimulating and alterative, 
 and very good in rheumatic complaints, and eruptive 
 diseases. The bark of the young branches and the pith 
 contain a considerable quantity of mucilage. If the pith 
 be infused in rose water, a considerable quantity of mu- 
 cilage is extracted, which renders this infusion very use- 
 ful in acute inflammation of the eyes, in catarrhs, and 
 dysentery. Dr. Eberle says : " I have known the long 
 continued use of an infusion of this article effectually 
 cure a case of inveterate rheumatism." It enters into 
 my purifying syrup. The pith of sassafras put into rose 
 water, makes the laurus eye water, which is very valua- 
 ble for opthalmia or inflammation of the eyes. 
 
 poplar — (Liriodendron Tulipifera) — Bark of Trunks and 
 
 Boots. 
 
 Common Names. — White poplar, white wood, wild 
 Poplar, etc. 
 
 This tree flowers about the middle of May. This is a 
 tree indigenous to America, and is found growing 
 throughout the United States, on mountains and in low 
 forests. The bark of the tree and root is possessed of 
 valuable tonic properties, and by some is considered equal 
 to Peruvian bark. I have prescribed the poplar bark in 
 a variety of cases of intermittent fever, and can declare, 
 from experience, that it is equally efficacious with the 
 Peruvian bark, if properly administered. There is not, 
 in all the Materia Medica, a more certain and effectual 
 remedy in hysteria than the poplar bark. In dyspeptic 
 states of the stomach and bowels this is a valuable reme- 
 dy, owing to its tonic and stimulant powers. The dose 
 of this bark is from half to two drachms, in powder ; 
 
700 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the infusion, from half to one ounce, in a pint of boiling 
 water. I make great, use of this hark, and depend more 
 on it than the Peruvian. Its employment will be found 
 in the receipts it enters. Poplar is very cooling. The 
 leaves bruised with vinegar and applied, are good for the 
 gout. Poplar buds or* blossoms are used by women to 
 beautify their hair; and by bruising them with fresh 
 butter, and setting them in the sun, makes an ointment 
 that is good for inflammation of every kind. 
 
 comfrey — (Symphytum Officinale)— The Boot. 
 
 Common Name. — Comfrey. 
 
 Stem herbaceous; leaves oval, lanceolate, acute ; flow- 
 ers white, or of a rose color, in spikes at the extremity 
 of the branches ; corolla tubular, furnished with five 
 lanceolate and acute processes. The roots of this plant 
 are demulcent, pectoral and astringent ; good demulcent 
 in pulmonary irritations, arising from colds, coughs, etc. 
 In consumption it is a valuable remedy. I make exten- 
 sive use of it in combination with other ingredients, and 
 principally in the form of syrup. It enters into the pul- 
 monary balsam and restorative cordial, and is very useful 
 in leucorrhea, (whites,) debility, etc. 
 
 FENNEL 
 
 Is good to expel wind in the stomach, and useful to 
 increase milk in womens' breasts, and makes it whole- 
 some for the child ; also, to prevent sickness in the 
 stomach, shortness of breath, and wheezing; to open ob- 
 structions of the liver, and to ease urine. The seed and 
 root is good in drinks and broths, to make people more 
 spare and lean, that are overburthened with fat. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 701 
 
 OATS. 
 
 Oats fried with, salt, and applied to the side eases pain. 
 The meal of oats boiled in vinegar and applied, takes 
 away freckles and spots on the face, or other parts of the 
 body. 
 
 NETTLES. 
 
 Nettle tops eaten in the spring, consumes the phleg- 
 matic superfluities in the body of man, that the cold and 
 moistness of winter has left behind. An electuary made 
 of boiled roots, leaves, or juice, is a safe and sure remedy 
 to open the pipes and passages of the lungs. It is good 
 to prevent the pleurisy; the same is good for the swell- 
 ing of almonds of the ears and throat. The decoction 
 in wine is good for women, and to open obstruction of 
 the body. The decoction of the herb or juice of the 
 roots is excellent to wash old rotten and stinking sores, 
 fistulas, or gangrenes. It is of great use to bathe be- 
 numbed parts of the body and gouty limbs. The decoc- 
 tion is a gentle physic. A syrup made of the flowers, as 
 the syrup of roses is made, is a gentle puke, and spends 
 waterish and hydropical humors by the continuance 
 thereof. The flowers made into a conserve works the 
 same effect. The meat of the stone steeped, docs most 
 wonderfully ease all pains in the bowels. 
 
 GARDEN RUE. 
 
 Rue is a counter poison. The seeds taken in wine is 
 an antidote against all dangerous medicine or deadly 
 poisons ; it will destroy worms in children, and is good, 
 
702 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 being bruised with wormwood and wet with spirits, and 
 applied to the bowels, to bring away worms. The herb 
 being often made use of in drink, will cure abortion, and 
 will stop venereal inclinations. A decoction made of the 
 herb with some dried dill leaves and flowers, eases all 
 pains inwardly, to be drank; and outwardly to be applied 
 to the pained parts. 
 
 COMMON THISTLE. 
 
 Is good for agues, to cure phlegm, and to open ob- 
 structions in general. It is good for the jaundice, and 
 dropsy, pains in the side, and many other pains and grip- 
 ing ; cleanses the blood, and in spring, take the leaves, 
 cut off the pickles and boil them, and eat them as com- 
 mon greens; it will change the blood as the seasons 
 change, and that is the way to be safe from disease. 
 
 honey suckels, or meadow cloves — {Indian Tea.) 
 
 If the herb be boiled and used as a blister, it eases the 
 griping pains of the gout. The herb boiled, made into 
 a poultice and applied to inflammations, will ease them. 
 The juice, dropped into the eye, takes away the pain, and 
 also is good for eyes that are blood-shot. The seeds and 
 flowers boiled in water and made into a poultice with 
 some oil, and applied, is good for hard swellings and in- 
 flammations. 
 
 SWEET MARJORAM, 
 
 Is warming and comfortable in cold diseases of the 
 head, stomach, sinews, and other parts, taken inwardly 
 
DESCRIPTION OP HERBS. 703 
 
 or applied externally. The decoction thereof being 
 drank is good for all diseases of the chest and asthmatic 
 complaints, and is good for female complaints. The 
 pounded herb in honey, applied to a bruise, draws out 
 the black and green spots ; is good for inflammation 
 of the eyes, being mixed with fine flour and applied to 
 them ; the juice dropped into the ears eases the pain and 
 singing noise in them ; an ointment made of the juice, 
 hog's lard, turpentine, and the yolk of an egg, is good 
 for stiff and swelled joints and shrunken cords. 
 
 This is a small turnip found late in the fall, under an 
 old bed of March turnips, but many of them are not 
 larger that a pea ; they extract all their powers from the 
 old turnip : they are called by some doctors the. Vege- 
 table Caustic. "When these are dried and pounded they 
 made the easiest caustic ever applied to human flesh. 
 These powders will kill all honey-comb sores, and all 
 proud or fungus flesh, in any sore whatever. 
 
 RIVER WILLOWS. 
 
 It is generally known, it needs no description. The 
 bark of the root is used in an ointment for the salt 
 rheum, and is good, with other barks, to cleanse the 
 filthy humors from the blood. It is a good substitute 
 for Peruvian bark. 
 
 cowhage — (Dolichos Puricns.) 
 
 The operation of this article seems to be merely me- 
 chanical. It has been found particularly useful in ex- 
 
704 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 pelling the round worm, luynbricus teres ; the spiculse 
 irritating and aiding its expulsion, by wounding it with- 
 out affecting the intestines. It is prepared by dipping 
 the pods in syrup or molasses, and then with a knife, 
 scraping off the hairs along with the syrup, until they 
 form a mixture of the required thickness. 
 
 hollyhoke — (Althoea Rosea.) 
 
 The flowers are astringent ; a tea of them and rose 
 leaves is useful in flour albus ; may be drank freely. 
 
 culver's physic — (Leptandria Virginica.) 
 
 Called black root, brinton root, bowman root, etc. 
 
 A good purgative ; it operates with mildness and cer- 
 tainty, 'without debility. In typhus and bilious fever it 
 is said to remove black, tarry, and morbid matter from 
 the intestines. Dose, a large teaspoonful in half a gill 
 of boiling water, sweetened. If it does not operate, re- 
 peat in three hours. 
 
 yellow pamlla — (Menispermum.) 
 
 Grows plentifully in the western states, and is highly 
 recommended for purifying the blood. Make a tea and 
 drink freely. It enters into the purifying syrup. 
 
 fleabane, colt's tail — (Erigeron Canadense.) 
 
 A strong styptic ; excellent to stop bleeding from 
 wounds, in form of powder. A tea is good to check any 
 kind of internal bleeding, especially of the lungs. Drink 
 it cold. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 705 
 
 CROTON OIL. 
 
 Procured from a tree in the East Indies. Yery effica- 
 cious in severe constipation, where other means fail of 
 procuring a passage, as in colic. From one to three 
 drops are a dose, on sugar or in milk, every two hours. 
 
 BIND-WEED, MAN IN THE GROUND. 
 
 One foot high, creeping, large root, deep in the earth ; 
 flowers bell-shaped, white, with a purple tinge. Some- 
 times grows as large as a person's leg. A purgative and 
 diuretic. Has been found useful in cough, asthma, debili- 
 ty, and dropsy. A syrup of this root and of balm of 
 gilead buds, is very beneficial in weakly consumptive 
 
 LIFE-ROOT. 
 
 Says Henry, " I have found it a sure cure for all com- 
 plaints of the gravel, and pains in the breast." Is a 
 febrifuge and a powerful diuretic. Take a teacupful of 
 the tea three times a day. He has cured numerous cases 
 of gravel by it. 
 
 smart-weed — (Arse-smart.) 
 
 A tea of this is good to stop vomiting. A decoction 
 is exceedingly good to reduce swelling, by applying it as 
 a fomentation, simmered in vinegar. It soon removes 
 the black and blue spots in bruises, and is valuable in 
 sprains. 
 
 45 
 
706 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 BLESSED THISTLE, HOLY THISTLE — (CarduUS BenedlCtUS.) 
 
 An annual plant, cultivated in gardens for beauty, both 
 in England and America; leaves witb sharp-barbed 
 points or pickles ; yellow flowers. Makes a good bitter 
 to strengthen the system, and excellent to excite perspi- 
 ration in fevers, in the form of tea. It cured a case of 
 yellow fever given up as hopeless. 
 
 PARSLEY. 
 
 This is an excellent plant. Made into a strong decoc- 
 tion, and drank freely, promotes the discharge of urine 
 in suppression, from whatever cause it may arise. 
 
 PBICKLEY PEAR. 
 
 Scrape the inner part and apply to ulcers, twice a day, 
 until cured. For corns : Bathe the feet in ley water, 
 pare off the corn, and apply, on lint, till cured. 
 
 SWEET BALSAM, LIFE EVERLASTING. 
 
 A tea is good for a pain in the breast, weakness of the 
 lungs, and in consumption, stranguary, gravel, and fluor 
 albus. Excellent to excite perspiration. 
 
 PERSIMMON BARK. 
 
 A decoction is good to inject into wounds where there 
 is a discharge of sinew water. A very good astringent. 
 
DESCRIPTION OF HERBS. 707 
 
 SEASON OF COLLECTING VEGETABLE MEDICINES. 
 
 1st. Boots. — Roots must be collected in the spring, be- 
 fore the sap begins to rise, or in the fall, after the tops 
 are dead. 
 
 2d. Barks. — Barks may be stripped from the tree or 
 shrub, any time when the sap prevents it from adhering 
 to the wood. The exterior portion must be shaved off; 
 the bark then cut thin and dried in the shade. 
 
 3d. Medicinal Plants. — Medicinal plants should be 
 collected while in blossom, and also dried in the shade ; 
 their virtues, however, are not essentially diminished any 
 time before frost appears. 
 
 4th. Flowers and Seeds. — Flowers and seeds should be 
 collected when they are fully ripe, and likewise dried in 
 the shade. All vegetables, after having been dried, 
 should be kept from the air, and preserved air-tight or 
 in dry places. In this way they may be preserved for 
 many years without loosing any of their medical prop- 
 erties. 
 
 Preparations. — 1st. Extracts. — The best method to ob- 
 tain all the strength and virtue of a plant or vegetable 
 is, to mash them, to which add a little alcohol if neces- 
 sary, press out the juice and evaporate in the sun to the 
 consistency of honey; then put it in jars and cover tight 
 with bladder or skin. This is the inspeciated juice, and 
 is much superior to extracts made by boiling. 
 
 Infusion or Teas. — Put a handful of herbs into a tea- 
 pot, add one pint of boiling water, and let it stand fif- 
 teen or twenty minutes. Dose, a full draught three or 
 four times a day, unless differently prescribed. To pro- 
 mote perspiration, take it warm. 
 
708 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Decoctions. — Make the same as infusion, but continue 
 the boiling till all the strength is extracted. 
 
 Component parts of Vegetables. — Plants are chemical 
 compounds, prepared by the hand of nature ; and, al- 
 though despised by the foolish as simple, they are more 
 ingenious than can be made by the greatest chemist in 
 the world, nor will his production bear any comparison 
 with them, as regards beauty and medical properties, 
 and the reason is because one is made by man, and there- 
 fore imperfect, the other by the Creator, and therefore 
 absolutely perfect. Vegetables, in general, contain fecula, 
 glutens, gums, sugar, oil, resin, balsam, taniun,acid, wax, 
 camphor, and albumen. — Dr. Beach. 
 
GLOSSARY, OR EXPLANATION OF TECHNICS. 
 
 Abdomen, the belly. 
 
 Abortion, miscarriage. 
 
 Abeess, a tumor containing matter. 
 
 Absorbents, medicines to correct acidity. 
 
 Accelerate, to quicken. 
 
 Acrid, sharp and corrosive. 
 
 After-birth, is the substance connecting the child with 
 the mother in the womb. 
 
 After-pains, pains that occur after labor. 
 
 Alkali, any substance which mingled with acid, pro- 
 duces fermentation. 
 
 Antiphlogistic, counteracting inflammation. 
 
 Antiscorbutic, good for scurvy. 
 
 Antispasmodic, that which tends to prevent or remove 
 spasms. 
 
 Antiseptics, medicines to correct putridity or rotten- 
 ness. 
 
 Aperient, opening. 
 
 Aromatic, spicy, pungent. 
 
 Astringents, medicines to correct looseness and debility. 
 
 Bile, or Gall, a fluid secreted by the liver into the gall 
 bladder, and thence discharged into the intestines for 
 the purpose of promoting digestion. 
 
 Bolus, a form of medicine in a mass larger than pills. 
 Calculous, stony or gravelly. 
 Callous, hard or firm. 
 
710 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Capsule, a dry, hollow vessel, containing the seeds of 
 plants, etc. 
 
 Cataplasm, a poultice of soft plaster. 
 
 Catarrh, a discharge from the throat or head. 
 
 Cathartic, a purge. 
 
 Caustic, burning application. 
 
 Cautery, the act of burning with a hot iron or caustic. 
 
 Cutaneous, belonging to the skin. 
 
 Contagion, infectious matter. 
 
 Contusion, a bruise. 
 
 Convulsion, violent motion, fits. 
 
 Corrosive, substances that consume or eat away. 
 
 Debility, weakness. 
 
 Decoction, a preparation by boiling. 
 
 Deleterious, poisonous, deadly. 
 
 Delirium, light-headedness. 
 
 Demulcent, softening, sheathing. 
 
 Diaphoretic, promoting sweating. 
 
 Diarrhoea, looseness. 
 
 Diabetes, incontinence of urine. 
 
 Diuretic, whatever promotes the secretion of urine. 
 
 Dyspeptic, bad digestion. 
 
 Efflorescence, eruption, or the redness round it. 
 
 Effluvia, exhalation. 
 
 Epidemic, contagious. 
 
 Eructation, a belch. 
 
 Excoriation, loss of skin. 
 
 Exhibit, to administer. 
 
 Expectoration, a discharge from the breast. 
 
 Extremities, arms and legs. 
 
 Febrifuge, removing fever. 
 
 Febrile, feverish. 
 
 Foetid, of an offensive smell. 
 
EXPLANATION OF TECHNICS. 711 
 
 Flatulent, producing wind. 
 
 Flooding, an overflow of the menses. 
 
 Fomentation, partial bathing by the application of flan- 
 nels dipped in liquids. 
 
 Friction, the act of rubbing. 
 
 Fungus, proud flesh. 
 
 Fumigation, a vapor raised by burning. 
 
 G-urgle, a wash for the mouth and throat. 
 
 Gland, a secretory organ. 
 
 Hemorrhage, a flow of blood. 
 
 Hepatic, relating to the liver. 
 
 Hypochondriacal, melancholy, low spirits. 
 
 Immersion, plunging under water. 
 
 Indigestible, difficult of digestion. 
 
 Infection, contagion. 
 
 Inflammation, an increased action in the parts. 
 
 Infusion, steeping anything in liquor without boiling, 
 as tea is made. 
 
 Intestines, the internal part of the body. 
 
 Languor, want of spirits or strength. 
 
 Laxatives, relieving costiveness. 
 
 Ligature, a bandage ; anything tied round another. 
 
 Liniment, a composition of the consistence of oil. 
 
 Lochial, discharge or cleansing, a discharge from the 
 womb. 
 
 Membrane, a web of fibres interwoven for covering 
 certain parts. 
 
 Menses, Menstruation, the monthly courses. 
 
 Morbid, diseased, corrupt. 
 
 Mucilage, a glutinous, slimy substance. 
 
 Mucus, resembling the matter discharged from the 
 nose, lungs, etc. 
 
 Narcotics, medicines producing torpor and sleep. 
 
712 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 Nausea, an inclination to vomit. 
 Nervous, irritable. 
 
 Oblong, considerably longer than broad, and narrow, 
 though rounded at the end. 
 
 Opiates, medicines which promotes sleep. 
 
 Paraletic, relating to palsy. 
 
 Paroxysm, a periodical fit or attack. 
 
 Phlegmatic, relaxed and abounding with phlegm. 
 
 Phlogistic, inflammatory. 
 
 Placenta, see aftee-bieth. 
 
 Plethoric, of a full habit. 
 
 Preternatural, unusual, not natural. 
 
 Puerperal, of, or belonging to child-bed. 
 
 Pulmonary, belonging to the lungs. 
 
 Pus, matter. 
 
 Regimen, regulation of food, air, exercise, etc. 
 
 Retention, the retaining some natural discharge. 
 
 Rheumy, an acrid discharge. 
 
 Saline, consisting of salt. 
 
 Saliva, spittle. 
 
 Scorbutic, of, or belonging to scurvy. 
 
 Scrofulous, of, or belonging to king's evil. 
 
 Secretion, the separation of the fluids from the body. 
 
 Secundines, the after-birth and membranes. 
 
 Sedative, composing medicines. 
 
 Serous, thin, watery. 
 
 Serrated, notched like a saw. 
 
 Slough, the parts that separate from a sore. 
 
 Spasm, cramp, convulsion. 
 
 Specific, an infallable remedy. 
 
 Stimulents, irritative medicines. 
 
 Stomachic, medicine for the stomach. 
 
 Stranguary, a difficulty of making water. 
 
EXPLANATION OF TECHNICS. 713 
 
 Sudorific, medicines to promote sweating. 
 
 Syncope, fainting. 
 
 Tetany, locked-jaw. 
 
 Tonic, strengthening. 
 
 Topical, local. 
 
 Tumor, a swelling. 
 
 Ulcer, a sore. 
 
 Umbilical Cord, the navel string. 
 
 Urethra, the canal which conveys the urine. 
 
 Uterus, the womb. 
 
 Vagina, the passage to the womb. 
 
 Ventilation, a free admission of air. 
 
 Virulent, poisonous. 
 
 Vermifuge, warm, dispelling medicines. 
 
 Vertigo, giddiness. 
 
 Viscera, the entrails. 
 
 Viscid, glutinous, tenacious. 
 
 Whites, the discharge from the womb. 
 
PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCE. 
 
 The following circumstance, which is of a personal 
 character, I narrate for the purpose of affording an illus- 
 tration to others what can be done with my "All-Heal- 
 ing Liniment," and that they may know what to do 
 under similar circumstances. It is no fancy sketch of 
 the imagination, but a literal fact which can be abund- 
 antly verrified, if necessary : 
 
 On the 30th day of September, 1857, 1 left my home, 
 two miles below McConnelsville, Morgan County,' Ohio, 
 in perfect health. It was about 10 o'clock, A. M., when 
 I started, and I remained in town until 12 o'clock, M. 
 I then rode out into the country some five or six miles, 
 and stopped and talked with several persons on the road. 
 I did not eat my dinner, but stopped and got some per- 
 fectly ripe peaches, and ate a few as I was riding along 
 out. On my return, and when I had nearly arrived at 
 McConnelsville, I felt very cutting pains in my bowels, 
 and soon found that I wanted to go to stool. This was 
 about 4 o'clock. I then proceeded across the river, in- 
 tending to go out in the country, on that side to attend 
 to some business, but I soon found I could not proceed, 
 and, consequently, returned home. It was about dark 
 when I got home, I went, as usual, to put away my 
 horse, but the pains had increased and grown so acute 
 that I entirely forgot to feed my horse, and also forgot 
 to tell any one else to do so; the consequence of which, 
 
PERSONAL CIRCUMSTANCE. 715 
 
 the horse had nothing to eat that or the next day until 
 night. I mention these particulars simply to show how 
 much distressed hy the pains I must have been. 
 
 As soon as I got into the house, I took a large dose of 
 my flux drops, but they failed to give me the desired re- 
 lief. I continued to grow worse; the pain in my bowels 
 was very severe. My head pained me very bad. The small 
 of my back and knees — particularly under my knees — 
 were extremely painful. I had an evacuation once in 
 about every hour and a half, or two hours. I found by 
 5 o'clock the next morning, that something had to be 
 promptly done, or I could not live under such excru- 
 tiating pain. My wife then gave me a tablespoonful of 
 my All-Healing Liniment, and then bathed my back, 
 knees and bowels with the liniment. A flannel cloth 
 folded into four thicknesses, was then saturated with it 
 and placed over my bowels. This was repeated every 
 two hours. During all this time I was cold and chilly. 
 
 On "Wednesday morning, I noticed that the stools 
 which passed me, was very meagre and almost colorless. 
 My body was very sore. I continued in this situation 
 until Wednesday night, about 12 o'clock. I then began 
 to get warm, and had some fever. My bowels become 
 easier, but no difference in their evacuations. 
 
 On Wednesday morning, when I commenced taking 
 the liniment, I also commenced taking asafoetida in large 
 doses, three times a day. Wednesday passed by almost 
 unconsciously to me, as I was laboring under such in- 
 tense pains, that I become insensible to all things else. 
 
 My diet was chiefly chicken broth, made in a nourish- 
 ing manner, when I got so that I could eat, and that was 
 not until Thursday morning. My object in using the 
 broth was to get a passage through my bowels from my 
 
716 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 stomach ; and on Friday at noon, for the first time since 
 the attack, I was gratified to learn, I had succeeded. By 
 this time, I began to feel considerable better. On Satur- 
 day, I was again worse all day. On Sunday I began to 
 get better. My complaint had assumed a bilious charac- 
 ter. On Monday, I still improved. The liniment and 
 asafcetida was my principle dependence to bring me 
 through this severe attack ; and I am candidly of the opin- 
 ion that, if it had not been for the soothing powers of 
 the liniment, I would not have been spared to note the 
 fact of its great virtues. 
 
 As soon as my evacuations were again natural, I com- 
 menced taking my Tonic or Medical Wine, with the 
 tonic powders mixed into it. I then soon recovered my 
 usual health and vigor. 
 
CONCLUSION 
 
 In concluding my labors upon this work, I wish to 
 say a few words in order that I may stand in a true light 
 bofore the public, and especially those into whose hands 
 this book may come ; and for the further purpose of ac- 
 quitting myself of any accusation of egotism. 
 
 I do not claim that in fevers and some other diseases, 
 that my treatment will be found more efficacious than 
 that of any other good practitioner, for if I did, I cer- 
 tainly would not have made so many selections from 
 other authors on those diseases ; but I only claim, that 
 from a long experience and observation in those febrile 
 diseases peculiar to our country and climate, that I am 
 capable of making good, safe, and efficacious selections, 
 tending to explain and point out the proper mode of 
 treatment, and to occasionally make suggestions which 
 may be of benefit to those who have had no experience 
 in those prevailing diseases called fevers. 
 
 In chronic cases, my practice has been more extended 
 and my field for research necessarily greater. And of 
 this class of diseases, I may certainly be excused for 
 speaking more confidently of my own ability in com- 
 bating them than in the class of disease above mentioned. 
 In cancer and scrofulous affections, I claim to be able to 
 produce better results than have heretofore been exhibited 
 by the profession ; and I have no hesitancy in asserting 
 
718 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 that I will cure every case of either of those affections 
 that are at all within the reach of remedial agents. J 
 make the same assertion in regard to fever and ague, 
 and any external sore, that has left in the patient enough 
 vitality to work upon, and that I will perform -these cures 
 without mercurial or mineral agencies, and that they will 
 be permanent. There are, as I am perfectly aware, from 
 personal observation and experience, some chronic forms 
 of these diseases that will take a long time and a vast 
 amount of patience to effect a radical cure upon ; while 
 there are others, which have been miserably and bung- 
 lingly managed and mal-treated, that will not yield to 
 any treatment, but they may be readily modified, and 
 the suffering of the unhappy victim of this wretched 
 treatment much alleviated, and the patient rendered 
 comparatively comfortable. 
 
 My theory of treating chronic diseases, is such as to 
 recommend itself to the favorable consideration of all 
 men who care to make themselves in any manner ac- 
 quainted with the physical organization of the human 
 anatomy. A strict attention is always necessary to be 
 paid to the condition of the blood ; it must be cleansed 
 of all morbid matter which tends to clog or impede its 
 circulation, and as this morbid matter is apt to become 
 secreted in the stomach, it will be necessary to pay very 
 great attention to that portion of the human economy, 
 that it may be thoroughly cleansed and made to perform 
 its natural functions. The skin also must not be neg- 
 lected, as it is through the insensible perspiration that a 
 great deal of morbid, diseased matter passes off from the 
 body, and it is essentially necessary to keep the pores 
 open ; and where this is done the skin is soft and moist, 
 which indicates a healthy action. The bowels, too, claim 
 
CONCLUSION. 719 
 
 the attention of the practitioner, as a healthy action of 
 the bowels are as essential to the promotion of general 
 health as any other, or most other, particular portions of 
 the organization. 
 
 In the treatment of fevers, I have found that three very 
 necessary points to be arrived at, in order to treat them 
 successfully, are, to keep the skin moist, washing the pa- 
 tient with ley or saleratus water to keep the surface clear, 
 and a due regard to clean garments, especially those worn 
 next the skin. To keep the skin moist, all that is gen- 
 erally necessary is to drink freely of red pepper tea, 
 spice-wood tea, or benedict tea. They act as febrifuges, 
 and are generally sufficient to effect a cure, while their 
 harmlessness, as compared with the usual mineral and 
 mercurial treatment is a sufficient inducement to every 
 reasonable and unprejudiced mind to try them, at least. 
 I claim that the practice of bleeding and administering 
 strong medicines in febrile diseases, is highly reprehensi- 
 ble and pernicious ; and, from the change that is already 
 undergoing in the minds of some of the most popular 
 and successful practitioners of the alopathic school, I am 
 inclined to the opinion that the day is not very far dis- 
 tant when bleeding and mercury will be among " the 
 things that were," in the treatment of diseases of this 
 class ; and when that day does arrive, it will be one in 
 which a mingled feeling of pride and triumph can be in- 
 dulged in, by all those persons who have so long and ar- 
 duously and learnedly endeavored to bring about such a 
 happy event for sick and suffering humanity. 
 
 In the treatment of all recent cuts, wounds, sores, 
 burns, etc., I depend almost entirely upon two remedies, 
 that have stood the test of thirty years, and have yet to 
 ever fail producing, in the shortest possible space of time, 
 
720 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 the effect sought. And those two remedies I can recom- 
 mend without the fear of ever having to take back any 
 encomium of praise I may apply to them : I mean my 
 All-Healing Liniment and All-Healing and Strengthen- 
 ing Plaster. They never fail in performing a cure for all 
 I have recommended them. 
 
APPENDIX 
 
 Although I am not what is styled a " Farrier," but 
 having had a large experience in raising and working 
 horses and cattle, I deem it of sufficient importance to 
 my readers, to give them the benefit of my experience in 
 treating the most prominent and troublesome diseases to 
 which horses and cattle are subject, to introduce this ap- 
 pendix for that purpose. If the owner of a valuable 
 horse, ox, or cow can, by applying a simple and accessi- 
 ble remedy, save their life, when afflicted with any dis- 
 temper or disease, it is worth his while to know what 
 that remedy is. To make my work as useful as possible 
 has been my aim, and to that object I am now address- 
 ing myself. i 
 
 The receipts introduced here, for the brute creation, are 
 good, as I am fully cognizant from actual trial of most 
 of them, while others have been highly recommended 
 by my neighbors and friends. There are also some mis- 
 cellaneous ones, which I believe, from the ingredients en- 
 tering into them, to be very excellent for what they are 
 prescribed. 
 
 YELLOW WATEE IN HORSES. 
 
 Take rock fern, rattle root, (blacksnake root, also, call- 
 ed black cohush,) spicewood, bark of sassafras root, 
 equal weight, add about one gallon of water to every 
 46 
 
722 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 pound of the compound, and let it stand in a tight bar- 
 rel for a few days. The roots and wood should all be 
 bruised previous to adding the water. The mixture will 
 have all the flavor and appearance of " small beer." 
 Give your horse no other drink than this beer, and at the 
 same time give him a tablespoonful of pulverized cop- 
 peras every three days, in his feed, and once a week a 
 teaspoonful of saltpetre. This generally cures in about 
 three weeks. Do not bleed your horse, as is generally 
 recommended. I have cured many horses of the yellow 
 water, but I never bleed them. The copperas should 
 only be given twice the first week ; then only once the 
 next week ; and then twice the third week. Give the 
 saltpetre once a week for three weeks, and continue the 
 beer for his constant drink until well. 
 
 The same treatment will cure any farcy. In either 
 case the horse should not be used while treating: him. 
 
 CURE FOR CATTLE SWELLED WITH GREEX EOOD. 
 
 When any of your cattle happen to get swelled with 
 an over feed of clover, frosty turnips, or such like, in- 
 stead of the usual method of stabbing in the side, apply 
 a dose of train oil, which, after repeated trials, has been 
 found to prove successful. The quantity of oil must vary 
 according to the age or size of the animal. For a grown 
 up beast, of an ordinary size, the quantity recommended 
 is about an English pint, which must be administered to 
 the animal with a bottle, taking care, at the same time, 
 to rub the stomach well, in order to make it go down. 
 After receiving the medicine, it must be made to walk 
 about until such time as the swelling begins to subside. 
 
APPENDIX. 723 
 
 CURE FOR HEAVES IN HORSES. 
 
 Take one teaspoonful of saltpetre, and another of 
 borax, powdered fine; put them in meal, and feed the 
 horse three such doses within twenty-four hours of each 
 other ; then double the dose for three times more, and in 
 a few weeks the heaves will disappear. Try it. 
 
 SCRATCHES. 
 
 Take copperas, white vitriol, gunpowder and sulphur, 
 equal parts, well pulverized. To a quarter of a pound 
 of this mixture add a pint of hog's lard and mix them 
 well together. First wash the sores clean with a strong 
 suds made of soft soap, wipe dry, then bathe it with my 
 All-Healing Liniment, and as soon as it is dry wash it 
 with the wash under the head of " McCrary's receipt," 
 and after it is perfectly dry, grease it with the ointment. 
 Repeat this only in every three days. I have cured 
 scratches without McCrary's wash, with only the Lini- 
 ment and Ointment. The above will never fail in the 
 worst case, if the yellow water medicine is given. It is 
 always necessary in curing diseases in man or beast to 
 have the blood cleansed. In light cases the oil of spike 
 will cure the scratches. 
 
 SWINE. 
 
 Every one fattening swine, will find it advantageous to 
 mix a little sulphur with the swill. I feed sulphur to my 
 hogs the year round, and find that it remunerates me 
 handsomely for my trouble. Hogs which have sulphur 
 fed them are generally exempt from diseases and are 
 more easily fattened. 
 
724 GUIDE TO HEALTH 
 
 FOE A HOUSE THAT HAS THE DISTEMPER. 
 
 Take Sulphur 1 tablespoonful. 
 
 Saltpetre 1 do. 
 
 Copperas 1 do. 
 
 All pulverized ; give to the horse, once a day for three 
 days in succession, and give the horse a strong decoction 
 made of rock-fern, spicewood, and sassafras root, one 
 gallon twice a day. If this is done in the first com- 
 mencement, it is a sure cure, and the horse will not mind 
 the disease. This treatment will stop the disease at any 
 stage, and when it has been of long standing, it should 
 be repeated every three days, till well. That is, give the 
 medicine as directed, and omit three days. No one need 
 be alarmed for fear of their horse becoming dangerous 
 if they give this in the commencement of the disease. 
 And the sulphur and saltpetre given to a dog in smaller 
 doses will cure him of the distemper. 
 
 RECEIPT TO CURE POLL-EVIL. 
 
 Wash the part well with strong soft soap-suds, as 
 strong as it can be made, then rub it well with salts of 
 nitre. Then put on benzoin. This has cured many horses. 
 
 Another — 
 
 Take a quantity of the tender buds or leaves of com- 
 mon laurel, cover with water and boil to get out the 
 strength ; $irow out the leaves and reduce the liquid to 
 to the consistency of thin honey, or a thick syrup. Tie 
 your horse so that you can control him. To an equal 
 quantity of this syrup, add soft soap ; have it boiling 
 
APPENDIX. 725 
 
 hot. After securing the horse, and protecting the sur- 
 rounding parts from being too much scalded with the 
 liquid, pour it boiling hot in the sore, having the sore first 
 well cleansed with strong suds ; repeat this operation 
 three times, and it will effectually kill the nature of the 
 poll-evil, or fistula, and then it can be easily healed with 
 my All-Healing Liniment. This is for fistula and poll- 
 evil that are broken. 
 
 m'crary's wash for old sores. 
 
 Take White vitriol 1 ounce. 
 
 Copperas 2 do 
 
 Gun powder £ do 
 
 And a pint of good vinegar, and add the rind of two 
 lemons mixed with the above, and wash the sore as often 
 as the patient can bear it ; then bathe with my All- 
 Healing Liniment. I use this as a wash for grease-heel, 
 scratches on horses, and many old sores, eruptions, ring- 
 worm, and in some varieties of tetter. It is a certain 
 cure. If between times of washing, the All-Healing and 
 Strengthening Plaster is applied, you will find it a great 
 addition. 
 
 A RECEIPT TO CURE RINGBONE ON HORSES. 
 
 Take equal parts of oil of stone and oil of spike, mix 
 together, then add good oil of vitriol, until it will scorch 
 a feather ; then take a strip of upper leather, or any other 
 about the same thickness, cut it to suit the callous, drive 
 tacks through it about half an inch apart, and then drive 
 the tacks into the callous or grissel ; but, be careful not 
 to drive the tacks through the callous part ; then pour 
 the mixture along above the leather ; it will follow the 
 
726 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 nails into the grissel, and it will soon disappear. I paid 
 five dollars for this receipt alone, and it is a sure cure. 
 The bone spavin along the skin bone can be cured the 
 same way. 
 
 TO CURE BOTS OR GRUB AND COLIC IN HORSES. 
 
 " Everybody who has a favorite horse should be ac- 
 quainted with the remedies that may be useful, if the 
 horse should be attacked. To make the bot or grub let 
 go his hold, give the horse a quart of molasses or dis- 
 solved sugar, with a quart of sweet milk ; in thirty min- 
 utes you will find the horse at ease; then pulverize an 
 eighth of a pound of alum, dissolve it; in a quart of warm 
 water, and drench the horse ; in about two hours give 
 the horse a pound of salts, and you will effect a cure." 
 
 The following I know, from personal experience, will 
 effect a cure every time it is resorted to ; or, at> least, I 
 have never seen it fail in thirty years: 
 
 Take an ounce of my All-Healing Liniment, a pint of 
 sweet milk and a pint of molasses or sugar ; mix them 
 well together, and with this mixture drench your horse, 
 being careful not to waste the mixture. If milk is not 
 at hand a quart of well sweetened water will answer in 
 its stead. If this dose does not relieve the horse in half 
 an hour, repeat the dose ; and, if necessary, give a third 
 dose in three hours ; but that is scarcely ever necessary, 
 not one time in ten, when it is given in the commence- 
 ment of the symptoms. 
 
 This treatment will also effectually cure all gripes, colic, 
 belly-ache, inflammation of the bowels, etc. 
 
 It is always best to administer a physic to the horse as 
 soon as he appears better — in eight or ten hours thereaf- 
 ter. For a physic I give four ounces of glauber salts, 
 one ounce castile soap, one-fourth ounce asafoetida, mix- 
 
APPENDIX. 727 
 
 ed every four hours till it operates freely. Dissolve the 
 salts in warm water; make the asafcedita and soap fine^ 
 and mix them all together. Tery often one dose is suffi- 
 cient. . 
 
 Horses running in pasture are not apt to be troubled 
 either with bots or colic. Horses that are stabled and 
 grain-fed should have a little alum put in their feed as 
 often as once a month ; also, copperas and salt-petre, all 
 of which should be finely pulverized. Horses running 
 in pasture seldom need anything except to be well salted. 
 When I have had a good teamster, I have scarcely ever 
 had either sick or poor horses, and they were the ones 
 who used the best feed. 
 
 For stabled and grain-fed horses, first give a teaspoon- 
 ful of pulverized copperas, then, in a week, give a tea- 
 spoonful of saltpetre; in another week, give ateaspoon- 
 ful of brimstone ; and then in another week> give a tea- 
 spoonful of alum. This gives' a month between each 
 article. If this course is adopted and strictly followed, 
 and with other proper care and reasonable feeding, no 
 one need have sick horses. By not over-working, and 
 attending strictly to the course laid down above, every 
 one can keep their horses in good order and well con- 
 ditioned. 
 
 WOUNDS OF HORSES AND CATTLE. 
 
 In all wounds of horses and cattle, no better applica- 
 tion can be used than my All-Healing Liniment and my 
 All-Healing and Strengthening Plaster. The compound 
 tincture of myrrh will be found a good substitute, if the 
 Liniment cannot be procured, in all open wounds which 
 are not bruised ; but for all bruises, either open or other- 
 wise, nothing will supply the place of the Liniment. 
 
728 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 SPRAINS IN HORSES, ETC. 
 
 In all sprains of the brute creation, I universally find 
 the Liniment sufficient to reduce them. This is the 
 experience of all my neighbors. It is " good for man or 
 beast." One trial in a sprain is all I ask for it. 
 
 HOLLOW HORN. 
 
 This disease, which is so fatal to cattle, may be effectu- 
 ally prevented by using a little caution. During the in- 
 clemency of winter and spring, put about a teaspoonful 
 of compound tincture of myrrh and spirits of turpentine 
 in the cavity just behind the horns. My All-Healing 
 Liniment, when it can be had, is still better. Give a dose 
 once a w T eek, of the following : The white of two eggs, 
 a tablespoonful of salt, a tablespoonful of soot, from a 
 chimney where wood alone is burned, a teaspoonful of 
 copperas, pulverized, and a tablespoonful of black pep- 
 per. By doing this, cattle will "winter" better and 
 look sleeker and better, than those which are neglected. 
 
 The above treatment will not only prevent, but will 
 cure the hollow horn in cattle, when they are so bad that 
 they cannot rise on their feet unassisted. To cure this 
 disease, the mixture must be given every day ; and the 
 soft part of the tail must be slit so as to bleed ; into this 
 slit put some salt, black pepper, and soot. Do not bore 
 the horns. I have used the mixture for years, and have 
 never known it to fail. I have seen cattle which were 
 subject to the hollow horn, that did not thrive through 
 the summer months, but when they were cured by this 
 prescription, would immediately "pick up" and thrive 
 
APPENDIX. 729 
 
 as well as those that were never troubled with it. The 
 cruel practice of sawing off the horns of cattle can be 
 obviated by using this mixture. 
 
 The best preventive, however, is i to keep cattle well 
 sheltered, dry, and warm, and above all, well fed. 
 
 SALTING CATTLE. 
 
 If cattle are properly and regularly salted, there is 
 very little danger to be apprehended from their swelling 
 when turned on clover plaster, provided the cattle are 
 not turned on wet clover. I always have salt in the field, 
 that my cattle can eat it whenever they are disposed. 
 Should cattle, however, swell, the remedy is, one pint of 
 melted lard, one pint of whisky, and a half a pint of 
 flaxseed oil, mixed together and given to the animal ; 
 then drive the animal at a rapid pace for fifteen or twenty 
 minutes. 
 
 My impression is, that if persons owning cattle would let 
 them have as much salt as they will eat, that they 
 would be seldom troubled with sick animals. Cattle 
 which have always as much salt as they want, will not 
 be apt to have the dry or bloody murrian. At least it 
 has been my experience, and I have raised a great many 
 cattle. 
 
 I once had a very fine work ox that was singular- 
 ly attacked. He eat tolerably well, but if he turned his 
 head aside, he would drop as if he was shot, and lay 
 there and tremble and roll his eyes up as though he was 
 dying. After a few minutes he would get up and com- 
 mence eating again. I gave him a strong decoction 
 made from wild cherry bark, in his feed, which was 
 ground and made into slop, and gave him some of the 
 medicine recommended for hollow horn, and he soon got 
 well. 
 
730 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 Having concluded my labors, which I trust will prove 
 satisfactory and beneficial to all who may read this 
 volume, and feeling a desire to know how the public are 
 pleased with it, I hereby invite all who may be pleased 
 with my production, to write me, giving me their opinion 
 upon the subject, after they have given the book a care- 
 ful perusal. 
 
 I have endeavored to fulfil my intention in the start ; 
 to do all the good I possibly could, by laying down prin- 
 ciples and practice to be followed, which result to the 
 greatest good of the greatest number. I have endeavor- 
 ed, with an honesty of purpose, so to state things in 
 plain and comprehensive language, which will be fully 
 understood by the uneducated as well as the learned. 
 And I am prepared to say, that not one prescription con- 
 tained in this work, but has been well considered or else 
 proved to be as represented by actual experience. 
 
 I would here also state to those who may wish to use 
 my remedies, that I am manufacturing my most promi- 
 nent medicines in their purity, and am prepared to fur- 
 nish them at a price which will be cheaper to the con- 
 sumers, than to manufacture a small quantity themselves. 
 At some seasons of the year, too, when some of my reme- 
 dies are needed, the materials cannot be had. I always 
 gather all my materials at the proper season of the year, 
 and always have a full supply on hand. 
 
 And now, to show the spirit of the age in which we 
 live, I give the following as illustrative, merely : 
 
APPENDIX. 731 
 
 A THOUSAND MILES A MINUTE. 
 
 BY A. H. BULLOCK. 
 
 . " The motion of the earth around the sun is at the rate of sixty-eight thousand miles 
 an hour." — Comstock. 
 
 Sixty-eight thousand miles an hour ! 
 
 Why man, the deuce is in it, 
 What matchless proof of mighty power — 
 
 A thousand miles a minute ! 
 This wonderous car keeps rolling on 
 
 With all its land and ocean, 
 The engineer is never gone 
 
 Or varies in his motions. 
 
 No "running fast" no "running slow," 
 
 No bursting of the boiler, 
 Nothing to pay, of all who go 
 
 No one e'er gave a dollar. 
 No upward grade, no downward grade, 
 
 No stopping at the station, 
 Cause for to repair has not been made 
 
 Since the All-wise creation. 
 
 Since time began, ne'er left the track 
 
 Or called for wood or water, 
 No switching off, no running back, 
 
 Collisions cause no slaughter. 
 Because the track is always clear, 
 
 The watchmen never slumber, 
 No train behind we ever fear, 
 
 Obstructions ne'er encumber. 
 
 The signal lights we oft descry 
 
 But no alarming token; 
 They glitter in the evening sky, 
 
 And dance with joy unbroken. 
 
732 GUIDE TO HEALTH. 
 
 No application of the brakes, 
 
 Keversing of the motion, 
 No fear of telegraph mistakes, 
 
 No sound to mar devotion. 
 
 So silently the vast machine 
 
 Obeys the laws of Heaven, 
 The movement is not felt or seen, 
 
 No jar or tumult given. 
 " Through tickets " only can we have — 
 
 No other to be taken : 
 Whether we live or fill the grave 
 
 The motions will not slacken ; 
 
 But takes us on with lightning speed 
 
 Until we reach that station, 
 Which stands, says Faith and Hope agreed, 
 
 At portals of salvation. 
 " Free pass " each traveler awaits, 
 
 Observing rules to win it ; 
 Soon we shall reach those pearly gates, — 
 
 A thousand miles a minute ! 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Testimonials 9 
 
 Objection to a General Course 
 
 of Medicine 15 
 
 Temperance, Abstinence, Diet.. 20 
 
 Food and Drink — Animal Food 31 
 
 Vegetable Food 33 
 
 Simplicity in Diet 37 
 
 Fermented Liquors — Ardent 
 
 Spirits 40 
 
 Wine 42 
 
 Beer 44 
 
 Spruce Beer 44 
 
 Medical or Root Beer 44 
 
 Cider 45 
 
 Mead 45 
 
 Air 45 
 
 Impure Air 45 
 
 Air of Crowded Assemblies 47 
 
 Air in Cities 49 
 
 Change of Air 49 
 
 Trees and Plants 50 
 
 Burning Charcoal 50 
 
 Pure Air in Disease 51 
 
 Exercise 52 
 
 Clothing 57 
 
 Climate 57 
 
 Age 58 
 
 Season 58 
 
 Fashion and Figure 58 
 
 Bandaging, etc 58 
 
 Quantity of Clothing 59 
 
 Kind of Dress 60 
 
 Disease occasioned by the want 
 
 of Cleanliness . 61 
 
 Filthy Persons and Apartments 61 
 
 Personal Cleanliness 62 
 
 Sleep, Early Rising, etc., 64 
 
 Transition from Heat to Cold ... 67 
 
 Wet Clothes 71 
 
 Wet Feet 72 
 
 Night Air 72 
 
 Damp Beds 73 
 
 Feather Beds 74 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Damp Houses 74 
 
 Evacuations or Excretions 75 
 
 Bowels...-. 75 
 
 Remedy for Habitual Costive- 
 
 ness 76 
 
 The Liver 77 
 
 Kidneys.... 78 
 
 The Skin 78 
 
 Baths 80 
 
 Masturbation, Onanism, Self- 
 Pollution, etc 94 
 
 Marshes 96 
 
 Hair, Baldness, and Fashion.... 97 
 Bleeding, Salts, and Minerals.... 98 
 
 The Passions 99 
 
 Love 99 
 
 Grief 105 
 
 Anger 108 
 
 Fear in 
 
 Of Joy 114 
 
 Envy, Malice, and Hatred 116 
 
 Influence of Mind on the Body, 
 
 Passions, etc 118 
 
 Rules for the Prevention of In- 
 fectious Diseases and Conta- 
 gion .... 119 
 
 Rules for the Preservation of 
 Health, and Promoting Long- 
 evity, by Sir Richard Jebb, 
 late Physician to the Royal 
 
 Family 124 
 
 Bill of Fare and Rules for In- 
 valids and others 129 
 
 Remarkable Instance of Long- 
 evity 133 
 
 Comparative statement of Long- 
 evity 137 
 
 Preliminary Remarks «139 
 
 PART II. 
 
 Diseases and Treatment- 
 cer 
 
 ■Oan- 
 
 145 
 
734 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 White Swelling 162 
 
 Scrofula 165 
 
 King's Evil 165 
 
 Tetter 167 
 
 Fistula 170 
 
 Gravel and Stone 173 
 
 Inflammatory Sore Eyes 175 
 
 Sores, Old and Fresh — Bruises, 
 
 Sprains, etc 178 
 
 Itch 183 
 
 Headache 183 
 
 Diseases of the Breast and 
 
 Lungs — Consumption 185 
 
 Asthma 199 
 
 Chronic Inflammation of the 
 
 Bronchia 200 
 
 Enlargement of the Tonsils 202 
 
 Inflammatory Sore Throat or 
 
 Quinsy 202 
 
 Rheumatism 204 
 
 Mumps 212 
 
 Piles 213 
 
 Febrile Diseases 216 
 
 Fever and Ague, frequently 
 called Intermittent Fever 
 
 and Chills and Fever 244 
 
 Remittent Fever 250 
 
 Typhus Mitor, or Nervous Fe- 
 ver 252 
 
 Typhus Fever 254 
 
 Yellow " 256 
 
 Scarlet " 257 
 
 Hectic " 264 
 
 Inflammation of the Ear 277 
 
 » " " Brain 269 
 
 Catarrh, or Influenza 272 
 
 Jaundice 274 
 
 Inflammation of the Spleen 27$ 
 
 Measles 277 
 
 Epilepsy, or Falling Sickness... 278 
 
 Palsy 285 
 
 Croup 287 
 
 Infantile Remittent Fever 290 
 
 Whooping Cough 293 
 
 Pleurisy 297 
 
 Inflammation of the Liver 298 
 
 Chronic Inflammation of the 
 
 Liver 302 
 
 Inflammation of the Intestines 
 
 and Bowels 303 
 
 Inflammation of the Kidneys... 307 
 « " « Bladder... 308 1 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Small-Pox 309 
 
 Cow-Pox, or Yaccine Disease... 318 
 
 Chicken and Swine-Pox 320 
 
 Inflammation of the Lungs 321 
 
 Colic 327 
 
 Dropsy 328 
 
 Flux 335 
 
 Colds and Coughs 337 
 
 Poisons — Mineral and Vegeta- 
 ble „.... 338 
 
 Suspended Animation by Hang- 
 ing, Drowning, Suffocation, 
 or Exposure to Intense Cold.. 342 
 Hydrophobia, or Canine Mad- 
 ness 344 
 
 St. Vitus' Dance 346 
 
 Cholera Morbus 348 
 
 Dyspepsia, or Indigestion 349 
 
 Water Brash 355 
 
 Convulsions or Fits 356 
 
 Venereal Diseases 358 
 
 Felon or Whitlow 369 
 
 Inflammation of the Stomach... 370 
 
 Giddiness 371 
 
 Delirium Tremens 371 
 
 Hysterics 373 
 
 Wounds 377 
 
 PART III. 
 
 Surgery 381 
 
 Canker, Thrush, or Sore Mouth. 391 
 
 Vomiting 392 
 
 " of Blood 393 
 
 Spitting " " 395 
 
 Bleeding at the Nose 397 
 
 Incontinence of Urine 398 
 
 Voiding Blood by " 399 
 
 Onanism, Self-Pollution, etc 400 
 
 Marasmus, Emaciation, Wasting 
 
 of the Body 402 
 
 Catarrh in the Head 403 
 
 Ozcena 404 
 
 Carbuncle 405 
 
 Mortification 407 
 
 Suppression and Retention of 
 
 Urine 410 
 
 Strictures in the Urethra 411 
 
 Hernia or Ruptures 412 
 
 Polypus 419 
 
 Rickets 420 
 
 Dow- Worm, or Scald Head 421 
 
CONTENTS 
 
 735 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 King-Worm 422 
 
 Sore Throat 423 
 
 Putrid Sore Throat 424 
 
 Inflammation of the Heart 426 
 
 " and Chronic In- 
 flammation of the Heart 427 
 
 Materia Medica 429 
 
 PART IV. 
 
 Married "Woman's Companion 434 
 
 Menstruation 439 
 
 Suppression of the Menses 441 
 
 Fluor Albus, or Whites 445 
 
 Diseases of Pregnancy 446 
 
 Labor, Delivery, etc 455 
 
 Management of Labor 458 
 
 Treatment after Delivery 471 
 
 Diseases of Children 476 
 
 Management of Children 481 
 
 Inflammation of the Womb 489 
 
 Falling of the Womb 490 
 
 General Debility 491 
 
 RECIPES. 
 
 My All-Healing and Strength- \ 
 
 ening Plaster 495 
 
 King's Evil Poultice, No. 5 496 
 
 For King's Evil 496 
 
 White Swelling Wash, No. 6.... 597 
 
 Cancer Poultice 497 
 
 White Swelling Poultice, No. 4.. 497 
 
 King's Evil Wash 498 
 
 Expressed Juice of Celandine... 498 
 
 Wash for Tetter 498 
 
 Cancer Wash, No. 2 499 
 
 Scrofulous Cancer 500 
 
 Cancer Wash, No. 3 500 
 
 King's Evil, when open 500 
 
 Toad Powder for Cancer 501 
 
 Zinc Plaster for Cancer 502tPile 
 
 My Vegetable Caustic 502 
 
 Armenian Oil for Cancer, as ap- 
 plied by an Armenian Physi- 
 cian 503 
 
 Ointment for Tetters, Erup- 
 tions, etc., 504 
 
 Itch Ointment 505 
 
 Clover Plaster, for Sore Eyes... 505 
 A speedy Kemedy for a Bruised 
 
 Eye 506 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 A Balsam for Sore Eyes, or Fel- 
 on on the Eyes 506 
 
 A Poultice for Inflamed Eyes... 507 
 
 Eye Salves 507 
 
 For Dim or Dull Sight 507 
 
 Egg Ointment 508 
 
 For the Cure of the Jaundice... 508 
 
 Female Pills 508 
 
 My Anti-Bilious Pills 509 
 
 For Flux 510 
 
 Compound Mandrake Powders.. 510 
 
 My Purifying Sarsaparilla 510 
 
 The Pulmonic Eecipe, recom- 
 mended to cure Consumption 512 
 
 Asthma Syrup , 512 
 
 For the Croup 513 
 
 Incomparable Fumigations for 
 
 the Sore Throat... 514 
 
 Cure for a Sprain 514 
 
 For Fistula 515, 523 
 
 A Syrup for Catarrh, Cough, 
 
 and Cold 516 
 
 Compound Oxy mel of Garlic, for 
 Asthmatic complaints, com- 
 mon Colds, Rheumatisms, and 
 
 Coughs 516 
 
 My Compound Expectorant 517 
 
 For Bleeding of the Lungs 518 
 
 For Spitting of Blood 518, 520 
 
 For Eickets 518 
 
 For Dysentery 518 
 
 Syrup for the Breast and Lungs 519 
 
 Syrup of Ginger 519 
 
 For Asthma 519 
 
 Tincture of Senna 520 
 
 Tincture of Boneset 520 
 
 Compound Tincture of Myrrh.. 521 
 
 Tincture of Ehubarb 521 
 
 Tincture of Jalap 521 
 
 My Anti-Spasmodic Drops 521 
 
 Ointment, Washes, etc. 522, 523 
 Tonic Wine Powders, or Tinc- 
 ture 524 
 
 Vegetable Bitters 524 
 
 Disease of the Stomach and 
 
 Purification of the Blood 525 
 
 Rheumatic Drops 526 
 
 My Sweating Drops 527 
 
 For the Ague 527 
 
 Diuretic Drops for Dropsy 523 
 
 My Diaphoretic Powders 528 
 
736 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Bcerhave's Fever Powders 529 
 
 Sweating or Dovers' Powders... 529 
 
 Vegetable Heating Powders 529 
 
 Emetic, No. 3, for Dropsy 530 
 
 Powders to stop Mortification... 53G 
 
 Cure for Hydrophobia 531 
 
 Emetic for Eever and Ague, 
 
 and all Bilious Complaints.... 532 
 
 Common Emetic, No. 2 532 
 
 Emetics for Croup and Gravel 
 
 533 534 
 
 For the Dropsy 535 
 
 Bloody Urine 535 
 
 Palling of the Palate 535 
 
 Convulsions 536 
 
 Grand Ptisan, or Diet Drink of 
 
 Health and Longevity 536 
 
 Speedy Cure for a Sprain 537 
 
 An admirable Beverage for a 
 
 weak Constitution 537 
 
 An excellent Medicine for Short- 
 ness of Breath 537 
 
 Cure for a Sprain in the Back... 538 
 
 For Itching Heels 538 
 
 To disperse any Tumor or Lump 538 
 
 Malignant Scarlet Fever 538 
 
 A simple Remedy for Bleeding 
 
 at the Lungs 539 
 
 A certain cure for Scurvy 539 
 
 St. Vitus' Dance, Hysterics, etc., 539 
 
 Medical Boot Beer 540 
 
 Liquid Liniment, recommended 
 
 for White Swelling 540 
 
 SELECTED RECIPES. 
 
 Heat of Urine 541 
 
 Soap Liniment, or Liquid Opa- 
 
 dildoc i 541 
 
 Sticking or Adhesive Plaster.... 541 
 
 Tar Ointment 542 
 
 Carrot Poultice 542 
 
 Northern Bemedy for Deafness. 542 
 
 Fox-Glove Juice for Deafness... 543 
 
 Bemedy for the Dyspepsia 543Y 
 
 For Sore Mouth in Children 543 
 
 Cure for the Cramp 544 
 
 Bite of a Mad Dog 544 
 
 For Corns 544 
 
 For a Wen 545 
 
 Corns and Warts 545 
 
 Treatment of Frozen Limbs.... 545 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Sick Headache 546 
 
 For Flux 546 
 
 Bleeding at the Nose 547 
 
 For Tumors and Inflammation 
 
 of the Breast of Women 547 
 
 Green Mountain Salve 547 
 
 For Worms 548 
 
 Cure for St. Anthony's Fire 548 
 
 Cordials for all complaints of 
 
 the Stomach 548 
 
 For the Whooping Cough 549 
 
 Epilepsy. 549 
 
 Epileptic Electuary for the cure 
 of the Falling Sickness, Hys- 
 terics, and even St. Vitus' 
 
 Dance , 550 
 
 To stop Puking 550 
 
 For Strengthening the Legs and 
 
 Feet 550 
 
 To Bemove Marks 551 
 
 To Bemove Freckles 551 
 
 To Extract Warts 551 
 
 For Warts on the Hands 552 
 
 For Deafness 552 
 
 For Sore Nipples 552 
 
 Contracted Joints 552 
 
 Felon 552 
 
 To Prevent the ill Effects of 
 
 Drinking Cold Water 553 
 
 For the Palsy 553 
 
 French Bemedy for Swelled 
 
 Face 553 
 
 Strawberry Brandy for the 
 
 Stone and Gravel 554 
 
 Wash for Benumbed or Tremb- 
 ling Hands 554 
 
 For Worms 554 
 
 For Deafness and Dizziness 555 
 
 Liniment of Oil of Lime 555 
 
 Tincture of Balsam Tolu 555 
 
 Tincture of Bark 555 
 
 Tincture of Guaiac 556 
 
 Balm of Gilead Oil 556 
 
 Godfrey's Cordial 556 
 
 The Elixir of Tanzy 557 
 
 The Elixir of Paregoric 557 
 
 Cordials 557 
 
 For the Ague 558 
 
 Worm Oil... 559 
 
 For Mercurial Rheumatism 559 
 
 The True Daffy Elixir 560 
 
 Ointment for White Swelling... 560 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 737 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 RECIPES FROM I>R. REACHES FAMILY 
 PHYSICIAN. 
 
 Alterative Syrup 561 
 
 Mandrake Pill 562 
 
 Pill for Chronic Bronchitis and 
 
 Asthma 562 
 
 Hydragogue Pill 562 
 
 Eed, or Stimulating Pill 563 
 
 Nervous Pill 563 
 
 Nervous or Hysteric Pill 563 
 
 Hepatic Pill 563 
 
 Croton Pill 564 
 
 Ipecac Pill 564 
 
 Eheumatic Pill 564 
 
 Astringent Plaster 564 
 
 Irritating Plaster 565 
 
 Diuretic Drops 565 
 
 Black Drops 566 
 
 Cough Drops . 566 
 
 Anti-Emetic Drops 567 
 
 Mint, or Spirits of Mint Liquid 567 Neutralizing Mixture 582 
 
 Mucilages 567 
 
 Mucilage of Gum Arabic 568 
 
 Mucilage of Slippery Elm 568 
 
 Yeast Poultice 568 
 
 Indian Turnip Poultice 569 
 
 Linseed Poultice 569 
 
 Mustard Cataplasm 569 
 
 Garlic and Onion Sinapism 569 
 
 Tincture of Hops 570 
 
 Tincture of Balsam Tolu 570 
 
 Compound Tincture of Valerian 
 
 or Nervine 570 
 
 Balm of Gilead 570 
 
 Compound Tincture of Senna... 570 
 
 Essence of Peppermint 571 
 
 Essence of Hemlock 571 
 
 Essence of Sassafras 571 
 
 Tincture or Wine of Ippecacu- 
 
 anha 572 
 
 Tincture of Fox Glove 572 
 
 Herpetic Wash 572 
 
 Alkaline Wash 572 
 
 Opathalmic or Cooling Wash... 573 
 Kefrigerant or Cooling Wash.... 573 
 
 Common Injection 573 
 
 Soap Suds « 574 
 
 Stimulating " 574 
 
 Tobacco ' " 574 
 
 Kheumatic Liquid , 575 
 
 47 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Gurgles — Stimulating 575 
 
 Astringent Gurgle 576 
 
 Anti-Phlogistic Gurgle 576 
 
 Yeast Gurgle 576 
 
 Gurgle for Putrid Sore Throat. 576 
 
 Mint Fomentation 577 
 
 Hop " 577 
 
 Common " 577 
 
 Stimulating Fomentation 578 
 
 Cough Powder 578 
 
 Cephatie " 578 
 
 Bed or Styptic Powder 578 
 
 Fever and Ague Powder 579 
 
 Anodyne Powder 579 
 
 Diaphoretic " 579 
 
 Celine Wash 580 
 
 Astringent Wash „ 580 
 
 Saline Physic, White Liquid 
 
 Physic 581 
 
 Anti- Choleric and Anti-Spas- 
 modic Mixture 581 
 
 Nervous Mixture 581 
 
 Pile Electuary 582 
 
 Explanatory 583- 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS RECEIPES. 
 
 Fish Bones 584 
 
 'Cure for Burns 584 
 
 Scarlet Fever 585 
 
 Small-Pox 585 
 
 Dropsy 585 
 
 To Dye Wool a permanent 
 
 Blue Color 586 
 
 To turn Eed Hair Black 586 
 
 make good Cement 586 
 
 h . Eed Sealing Wax 586 
 
 " Black " . " 587 
 
 " Green " « 587 
 
 " Blue " » 587 
 
 " Yellow " " 587 
 
 " Purple « " 587 
 
 To make uncolored Soft Sealing 
 
 Wax 588 
 
 Eed, Black, Green, Blue, Yel- 
 low and Purple Soft Sealing 
 
 Wax 588 
 
 Cement for Leather and Wood 588 
 
 For Burning Fluid 588 
 
 To make Spearm Candles 589 
 
 " render Leather Water-Proof 5S9 
 
738 
 
 CONTEXTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Cure for Vegetable Poison 589 
 
 To remove Spots or Grease from 
 
 Cloth 589 
 
 " take Mildew out of Linen... 590 
 
 " " out Spots of Ink 590 
 
 " " Stains out of Cloth or 
 
 Silk 590 
 
 To remove Grease Spots from 
 
 Paper 590 
 
 " cleanse Gloves without Wet- 
 ting 592 
 
 Cement for joining Glasses, etc. 592 
 
 Strawberry Wine 593 
 
 Easpberry " 593 
 
 To make British Champagne... 593 
 Gooseberry and Currant Wine 
 
 mixed *. 594 
 
 Eed Current Wine 594 
 
 Blackberry " 595 
 
 Spruce " 596 
 
 Juniper-Berry " 596 
 
 Damson " 597 
 
 Cherrv " 597 
 
 Morrella " 598 
 
 Peach " 598 
 
 Cider White " 598 
 
 " Bed " 599 
 
 1 Wine 599 
 
 Grape Wine 599 _ 
 
 " White Wine 600>H 
 
 Eaisin Wine, equal to Sherry... 600 
 Wine from Frosted Potatoes.... 601 
 
 Ginger Wine 601 
 
 « Beer 603 
 
 Spruce " 604 
 
 To Preserve Pish by Sugar 604 
 
 " Copy Writings 605 
 
 Paste to stop Bleeding 606 
 
 To Preserve Purs 606 
 
 Water-proof Composition for 
 
 Leather or Cloth 606 
 
 To imitate ^Naples Soap 607 
 
 Shining Black Ink 608 
 
 Process for making the best Ink 608 
 Best Ink Powder 609 
 
 " " " for immediate use 609 
 
 Exchequer Ink 610 
 
 Eed " 610 
 
 Permanent Eed Ink 610 
 
 Green Writing Ink 611 
 
 Yellow Writing Ink, 611 
 
 Blue Writing Ink 611. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Camphor a remedy for Mice.... 612 
 To remove stains from the 
 
 hands 612 
 
 To make prime Yinegar 612 
 
 Grafting Cement 612 
 
 Pickles 613 
 
 Good Paste 613 
 
 Chemistry and Cider 613 
 
 Lard and Tallow Candles 614 
 
 Measure Hav in Mows 615 
 
 First-rate White Wash 616 
 
 Preservation of Cider 617 
 
 For improving do 618 
 
 Washing Fluid 619 
 
 To restore Drowned Persons 620 
 
 Asthma Paper 620 
 
 Hair Powder Perfume 621 
 
 To destroy superfluous Hair 621 
 
 " dress Hare, Mole or Eabbit 
 
 skins 622 
 
 To take out Grease from Clothes 622 
 
 Eose Perfume 622 
 
 Bergamot Perfume 623 
 
 Ambergris Hair Powder 623 
 
 To Sweeten the Breath 624 
 
 < ; Perfume Clothes 624 
 
 Perfumed Bags for Drawers 624 
 
 Perfume for Gloves 625 
 
 Tincture of Musk 625 
 
 air Specifics 625 
 
 " Oil 626 
 
 To restore Gray Hair 626 
 
 Intemperance and Gluttony 627 
 
 PAET YI. 
 
 Description of Herbs 630 
 
 Classification of Articles 632 
 
 Barberrv 632 
 
 Pleury-Eoot 633 
 
 Chamomile 633 
 
 Archangel 634 
 
 Black-snake Eoot 634 
 
 Indian Turnip 635 
 
 " Hemp 636 
 
 Male Fern 637 
 
 Spikenard 638 
 
 Silk or Milk-weed 639 
 
 Cayenne Pepper 639 
 
 Celandine ! 640 
 
 Golden Thread 641 
 
 Ipecacuanha. 641 
 
CONTENTS. 
 
 739 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Jalap 642 
 
 Perrin Bark 643 
 
 Kose Willow 644 
 
 Solomon's Seal 644 
 
 Senna 645 
 
 Saffron 645 
 
 Wormwood 646 
 
 Devil's Bit 646 
 
 Euphorbia Ipecacuanha 647 
 
 Dwarf Elder 647 
 
 Bitter Sweet 648 
 
 Ehubarb 648 
 
 Dogwood 649 
 
 American Columbo 650 
 
 Yarrow, or Millforte 651 
 
 Common Sumach 652 
 
 Mandrake 652 
 
 Bayberry 654 
 
 Sarsaparilla 654 
 
 Virginia, or Black-Snake Boot.. 655 
 
 Lobelia 655 
 
 Onions 656 
 
 Poke-weed 657 
 
 Hoarhound 657 
 
 Flax-seed 658 
 
 Wild Valerian 658 
 
 Garden Thyme 659 
 
 Peppermint 659 
 
 Kag-weed 660 
 
 Thorn-apple 660 
 
 Scull-Cap, or Hooded Widow 
 
 Herb 66] 
 
 Pollpody 662 
 
 King's Evil Boot 662 
 
 Black-Snake Weed, or Battle- 
 snake's Master 663 
 
 Beth Boot 664 
 
 Garlic 664 
 
 Goose Grass 664 
 
 Ground Holly 665 
 
 Strawberry 665 
 
 Sweet Violet 666 
 
 Water Cresses 666 
 
 Hemlock — Canadian Fir 666 
 
 Lady in the Bower, or Deil in 
 
 the Hedge 667 
 
 Golden Seal, or Kercumah 667 
 
 Indian, or White-Snake Boot... 668 
 
 Spearmint 668 
 
 Skunk Cabbage — Bear's Eoot... 669 
 
 Quaking Asp 669 
 
 Vervain 669 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Rose Noble, or Carpenter's 
 
 square.... 670 
 
 Bedonian Plant 670 
 
 White Walnut, or Butter Nut... 671 
 
 Ked Chick Weed..... 671 
 
 Hemp — Common 672 
 
 Mullein 673 
 
 Willow 673 
 
 Arrow-Boot 674 
 
 Penny-royal 674 
 
 Dill 675 
 
 Elecampane 675 
 
 Hops 675 
 
 Witch-Hazel 676 
 
 Liverwort 676 
 
 Guaiacum 677 
 
 Blood-Boot 677 
 
 Burdock 678 
 
 Gentian 678 
 
 Eeatherfew 679 
 
 Hyssop 680 
 
 Qarraway 680 
 
 Masterwort 680 
 
 Thoroughwort 680 
 
 Motherwort ". 681 
 
 Dandelion 682 
 
 Violet Rattlesnake 682 
 
 Tansy 683 
 
 Mountain Tea 683 
 
 Cohush, Pappoose or Squaw- 
 Root 683 
 
 Ginseng 684 
 
 Cinquefoil 685 
 
 Centaury 685 
 
 Sweet-Elag, or Calamus 685 
 
 Queen of the Meadow 686 
 
 Crane's Bill 686 
 
 Fever Bush or Wild Allspice... 689 
 
 St. John's Wort 689 
 
 Mallows 689 
 
 Crow Foot 690 
 
 Wild Chamomile 690 
 
 Horse Radish 691 
 
 Prickley-Ash 692 
 
 Yellow Dock 693 
 
 Castor Bean 693 
 
 Blackberry 694 
 
 Seneca Snake Root 694 
 
 Plantain 695 
 
 White Cherry 697 
 
 Dragon's Claw 697 
 
 Anise Seed 697 
 
740 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Alder 697 
 
 Catnip * 698 
 
 Sassafras 698 
 
 Poplar 699 
 
 Comfrey 700 
 
 Fennel 700 
 
 Oats 701 
 
 Nettles 701 
 
 Common Thistle , 702 
 
 Honey Suckles, or Meadow 
 
 Cloves 702 
 
 Sweet Marjoram 702 
 
 Dragon's Tooth 703 
 
 River Willows 703 
 
 Cowhage 703 
 
 Hollyhoke 704 
 
 Culver's Physic 704 
 
 Yellow Parilla 704 
 
 Fleabone, Colt's Tail 704 
 
 Croton Oil 705 
 
 Bind Weed, Man in the ground 705 
 
 Life-Koot 705 
 
 Smart Weed 705 
 
 Blessed Thistle, Holy Thistle 706 
 
 Parsley 706 
 
 Prickley Pear 706 
 
 Sweet Balsam, Life Everlasting 706 
 
 Persimmon Bark 706 
 
 Season of Collecting Vegetable 
 
 medicines 707 
 
 PAGE. 
 
 Preparations of Vegetable Med- 
 icine 707 
 
 Glossary, or Explanation of 
 Technics 709 
 
 Personal Circumstance 714 
 
 Conclusion 717 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Yellow Water in Horses 721 
 
 Cure for Cattle Swelled with 
 
 Green Food 722 
 
 Cure for Heaves in Horses 723 
 
 Scratches 723 
 
 Swine 723 
 
 For a Horse that has the Dis- 
 temper 724 
 
 Receipt to cure Poll-evil 724 
 
 McCrary's Wash for old Sores.... 725 
 A Beceipt to cure Ring bones on 
 
 Horses 725 
 
 To cure Bots or Grub and Colic 
 
 in Horses 726 
 
 Wounds of Horses and Cattle.. 727 
 
 Sprains in Horses, etc 728 
 
 Hollow Horn 728 
 
 Salting Cattle 729 
 
 Remarks , 730 
 
 Poetry — A Thousand Miles a 
 
 Minute 731 
 
 4 
 
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