Class JHSjafe^ Rnnlf ! N ^ 3 Speech of James W. Alexander 53 Speech of William *H. McElroy 54 Speech of Thomas W. Knox 54 The New-England Dinner 56 Speech of the Eev. Joseph H. Twitehell.... 56 Speech of the Eev. Dr. Huntingdon 57 Speech of Isaac H. Bromley 58 Speech of Chauncey M. Depew 61 Speech of General Horace Porter 62 Speech of John Dalzell S3 Speech of J. Pierpont Morgan 54 New-York and the Fair ^5 Speech of Chauncey M, Depew 35 Speech of George E. Davis 66 Speech of W. T. Baker 68 Speech of John Boyd Thacher 70 Speech of Gorton W. Alien ?1 Speech of Charles Stewart Smith 72 Jefferson on the Drama 73 Address by Joseph Jefferson 73 Future of Eepublicanism ^6 Address of WUliam A. Sutherland 76 City Officials Scored 80 Sermon by the Eev. Dr. Parkhurst iO Trade With the South 33 Addreafi by L N. Ford .' 3» THE TRIBUNEJMONTHLY. Al ^OL. IV. APRIL, l^<93. NO. 4. /7i> Memorial Addresses -AND- After-Dinner Speeches. -YORK'S SEASON OF PU0LIC ENTERTAINMENTS. MOST KOTABLE ADDRESSES DELIYEEED IN THE ME- TROPOLIS DDEING THE WINTER OF 1891-02. LIBRARY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. $2 a Year. Single Copies, 25 Cents. THE TEIBtrNE ASSOCIATION,' NBW-TOBE. L, (^ 2 -2 f Z- k MEMORIAL ABDRESSES AND AFTER-DfflNER SPEECHES. NEW-TORFS SEASON OF PUBLIC ENTERTAINMENTS. GENERAL SHERMAN. OEATION OF CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW. AT THBsMEMORIAL SERVICES HELD IN HAR- MA:Xt;S BLEECKER HALL, ALBAXT, BE- FORE THE NEW-XORK LEGISLA- TURE ON MARCH 29. Senators and Members of Assembly : The passions of civil war usually survive centuries. We cannoc yet impartially and calmly estimate the ability and services of Hamilton and Jefferson. Their names still stand for antagonistic principles and antagonized fol- lowers. But the issues of the Rebellion were buried with its dead. That struggle was unique, both in magnitude and settlement. It was an earthquake which rent asunder a continent and plunged into cavernous depths millions of men and money, and the shackles of slaves. It closed, and the survivors, freed from the causes of contention, were united for the upbuilding of the new Nation. Prior to the war we were singularly provincial and insular, but we have since grown to be as radically liberal and cos- mopolitan. Then our judgments of statesmen and measures were governed by considerations which were territorial or inherited. Now those who were in the front and heat of the great battle can fairly view and freely weigh the merits of those friends and foes. We can eliminate our feelings, our prejudices and our convictions upon the purposes for which they fought, and contrast Grant and Lee, Sherman and Joe John- ston, Sheridan and Beauregard, as to the genius and ability with which they planned and played the game of war, with equal candor and better light than the historian of the future. Yesterday Greneral Sherman was the last of that triumvirate of great captains, Grrant, Sherman and Sheridan, who were the most dis- tinguished soldiers of our country, and of our times, and a familiar figure in. our midst. His presence re- vived and embodied the glories and the memories of the marches and the victories of the heroes who fought, and of the heroes who had died, for the preservation of the Union. To-day we commemorate his life and deeds ; and the Civil War is history. THE SPIRIT OF CROMWELL AND THE COVENANTER General Sherman's ancestors had been noted for many generations for their culture, abihty and In- tellectual power. His father was a Judge of the Supreme Court of Ohio, and his grandfather of a Con- necticut Court, wMle the grandfather of the Con- necticut Judge was a Puritan clergyman, who came to Massachusetts in 1634, in company with a warrior 'relative, Captain John Sherman, the ancestor of Roger, the signer of the Declaration of Independence. Much has been said, but the whole can never be written, of the Influence of the Puritan stock upon the formation and development of the United States, and the destinies of mankind. They alone of aU colonists emigrated, not to Improve their worldly condition, but to secure liberty of conscience, and to live under a Government of just and equal laws. All through the career of General Sherman the spirit of Cromwell and the Covenanter was the motive-power of his action. His principle of war was to use up and consume the re- sources of the enemy. The destruction of Atlanta and the devastating march through Greorgia and the OaroUnas were upon Puritan lines. The enemies of his country were as much to his mind the enemies of the Lord as were the Cavaliers of Prince Rupert to Cromwell aaid his Ironsides. He was by nature the m(^t genial, lovable aaad companionable of men, but Hie mailed hand and merciless purpose followed any at- tack on the things he held sacred. This appears not only in his campaigns, but also In his dispatches to Generals Grant and HaUeck. "I will make the in- terior of Georgia feel the weight of war." "The utter destruction of its roads, houses and people will cripjple their military resources." "I attach more importance to these deep Incisions into the enemy's country, be- cause this war differs from Euroi>ean wars In this particiilar : We are not only fighting hostile armies, but a hostile people, and must make old and youngt rich and poor, feel the hgrd hand of war as well as their organized armies." And in his letter demanding the surrender of Savannah he says : " Should I be forced to assault, or the slower and surer process of starvation, I shall then feel justified in resorting to the harshest measures, and shall make Uttle effort to restrain my army, bTimioig to avenge the National wrong, which they attach to Savannah and other large cities which have been so prominent in dragging our country into civil war." This was the language of the Puritan soldier. It was born and bred in tlie children of the people who first separated Church from State, and went to the stake for believing and declaring that the will of God could be one way and the will of the King the other, and thelp allegiance was to the Lord. It was the same conscience which beheaded Charles the First, and afterward threw the tea into Boston Harbor. Marston Moor, Lexington and the March to the Sea were fruits of the same tree. Sherman was a soldier, educated by the Government of the United States, and the Republic was his love and his religion. The In- tensity of his passion for the Nation would in other times and surroundings have made him a General In the Parliamentary Army, or the leader of a New- Rn gland colony. SHERMAN'S REPLY TO SUMNER. I shall never forget a dramatic scene at a notablo gathering in New-York, when Charles Sumner In- directly attacked President Grant, as a failure in clvU affairs, by ridiculing Miles Standlsh. General Sher- man was a stranger to a New- York audience, and none knew that he could spealf. Few men would have dared reply to the world-famed Orator. But ho had assailed the two tenderest sentiments of General Sherman— his love and admiration for Grant, and his pride In his profession of a soldier. Without any op- portunity for (preparation, but without hesitation, ho inmiediately arose to meet this unexpected and sur- prising attack. Defence, under such conditions, would 4 LIBEARY OF TEIBUNE EXTEAS. with most untrained spealiers have degenerated Into abuse, but with Sherman it became the most impres- sive eloquence. It was a direct and simple state- ment of his faith in Ms fiiend, and a description of the merits and mission of the soldier, which was like the brilliant dash and restless momentum of a charge of cavalry through the broken .squares of the enemy. It was a speech Captain Miles Standish might have made after two hundiel and fifty years of American opportunity,, and the mighty soul of the Puritan captain seemed Inspiring the voice and the presence of his advocate. The same qualities made him the most amiable and lovable of men, 'and the most rigid of disciplinarians. His heart was easily touched and his sympatliies aroused by the distress or want or sorrow of others, but he was the Incarnation of the vengeance of the law ujpon military crimes. A corps commander of the Army of the Potomac once said to him : " General Sherman, we had trouble in enforcing strict obedience to orders, because the findings of the Court Martials had to be sent to President Lincoln for approval In extreme cases, and he would never approve a sentence of death. What did you do?" "I shot them first," was the grewsome reply. Greneral Sherman was destined from his bu'th for the career which has become one of tlie brightest pages In his country's history. Th© hero among the early settlers of the Ohio valley was that brave and chivalric Indian chief, Tecumseh, who had commanded the admlratibn of the whites by his prowess, and their goodwill by his Idndness. He fought to ex- terminate, but he could as quickly forgive as he fiercely and savagely sti'uck. The qualities of this wild warrior became part of the characteristics of his namesake. It was ruthless and i-elentless war with the enemy In the field, but no commander ever granted more generous terms to the vanquished, or was so ready to assist with purse and influence a fallen foe. His father. Judge Sherman, died suddenly, leaving his widow with little meanisi, and a family of seven clilldren. The helplessness of the American fjamily when thrown upon their own resources, and iJlie ready and practical sympathy of American communi- ties, so extended as to convey, not charity but com- pliment, has no better example than in. the story of this household, and the success In life of its mem- bers. The Bench and the Bar felt that the boys were the wiards of the profession. Ohio's leading lawyer and United States Senator, the Hon. Thomas Ewing, siald: "Give me one, but ohe brightest," and the brothers and sisters of the future captor of Atlanta answered: "Take Cump, he is the smartest." The p^rofound jurist and keen obiserver of character saw the future General in this quick, nervous. Intelligent, pugnacious boy, with liis Indian wainlof name, and appointed him to the West Point Military Academy. His fertile and versatile mind pushed Its inquiries Into too many directions, and explored fields too diverse for that methodical and accurate mas'tery of the curriculum which makes a valedictoriian, but not always, a man. Nevertlieless, he stood sixth in his class and was its most original and attractive member. He had a fondness for topo- graphloal studies, and a keen eye and natural trained instinct for the opportunities lor defence and attack which could he utilized In the places where he was stationed and the country over which he travelled. EARLY OBSERVATIONS IN THE SOUTH. His first service was In Florida, and his duties carried him, during hla six years In the South, through South Carolina, Alabama, Georgia, and the adjoining counties of Tennessee. The great debate as to the powers of the General Government and the reserved rights of the States was at Its height. General Jackson had placed his iron, heel upon John C. Calhoun and registered the mighty oath, " By the Eternal, the Union of these States must and shall be preserved." fouth Carolina was specially Independent and defi.dint. Thireats of disunion met Sfherman at every social gathering. Webster's masterly and unequalled argu- ment and eloquence had converted the North and thousands of broad-minded men in the South to the idea that the United States was a Nation, with the right to use all the resources of the country to en- force Its laws and maintain its authority. The possibility of these questionisi being decided by the arbitnament of war was ever present to the suggestive thought of this young heutenant. The line of the Tennessee River, the steep ascent of Kenesaw Mount- ain, the military value of Chattanooga and Atlanta, •w&TQ impressed upon the Initellect of the maturing strategist, to m!a.teriaUze twenty years afterward \.. the severance and ruin of the Confederacy by his triumphal March to the Sea. Sherman had been brought up and trained in the school of Hamilton, of Webster, and of Henry Clay. His Bible was the Constitutlion. He had imagination, but no sentiment; passion, hut no pathos. Believing slavery to have guarantees in the Constitution, he would have unsheathed his sword as readily against a John Brown raid as he did at the firing upon Fort Sumter. His Imagmatlon led him to glorify and idealize the Republic. Its grandeur, its growth, and its possibLUties captured and possessed his heart and mind. The isolation, and loneliness of the life in frontier forts destroys many young officers. Their energies are exhausted and their habits and principles demoralized by dissipation, or their faculties paralyzed by Idleness. But the card table or the carouse had no attraction for Sherman. His time on the Plains was fully occupied. He was bmlding railroads across the continent on paper, and peopling those vast regions with prosi>erous settlements long before they had any roads but the paths of the buffalo, and any inhabitants but roving tribes of wild Indians. He could never understand the lamentation, so common, over the ex- termination of the buffalo. The patient oxen drawing the plough through the furroW, and the lowing herds winding home at sunset, seemed to him to have re- placed the wild and useless bison with the sources of individual and National wealth and happiness. He would have destroyed the Indians, because with their occupancy of extensive and fertile territories, which they would neither cultivate nor sell, and the wars with them, which frightened settlers from their borders, they retarded the developtnent and checked the majestic march of his country to the first place among the nations of the earth. This Intense Nationalist and accomplished soldier was selected by the State of Louisiana to be the Superin- tendent and organizer of her State Military School. The veteran who could bring to the business of bank- ing little more than unswerving integrity and failed, and whose directness of purpose and transparent candor were disgusted with the law, found in this field of In- struction a most pleasant and congenial occupation. He was at the head of a university wMch was fitting youth for careers in civil life, and training them. If needs be, to fight for their country. Tlie InstitutlaQ grew so rapidly, and wisely, that the attention of the State authorities was attracted to its able and brlUiant principal. He did not suspect treason, and they were organizing rebellion. To capture this bom leader of men was to start with an army. Social blandishments, poUtical pressure, and appeals to ambition were skll- fuUy applied to his purposes and principles. Sud- MEMOEIAL ADDRESSES AND AFTER-DINNER SPEECHES. 5 denly the truth burst upon his frank nature. He was IK>or, and had a large and helpless family. He held an honorable, congenial, lucrative and permanent pasitiion. The future, if he abandoned his place, was dark and doubtfid, but the Union was in danger, and he did not hesitate a moment. His letter of resignation to the Governor of Louisiana reads like a bugle-eall of pa- triotism : " As I occupy a quasi-military position under the laws of the State, I deem it proper to ac- quaint you that I accepted such position when Louisiana was a State in the Union, and when the motto of tills seminary was inserted in marble over the main door, 'By the liberality of the General Gov- emment of the United States. The Union esto per- petua.' Recent e%'ents foreshadow a great change and it becomes all men to choose. If Louisiana withdraws from the Federal Union, I prefer to maintain my allegiance to the Constitution as long as a fragment of it survives. . . . On no eartlily account will I do any act or tliink any thought hostile to or in de- fiance of the old Govemmeot of tlie United States." KXEW IT WAS XO PICNIC CAMPAIGN. Events move rapidly in revolutions, and the situa- tions are always dramatic. Captain Sherman is in Wasliington, offering his services to the Government, Lincoln is President, Seward Secretary of State, Chase Secretary of the Treasury, John Sherman the new United States Senator from Ohio, and old General Scott in command of the Army. Nobody believes there will be war. It is the general conviction that, if the Southern States are rash enough to attempt to secede, the rebellion will be stamped out in three months, and the campaign will be a picnic. Alone in that great throng of office-seekers and self-seekers stands tliis aggressive and seK-sacriflcing patriot. He imderstands and appreciates better than any man living the courage, resources and desperate determina- tion of the South. "They mean war," he cries; "they will soon have armies in the field officered and led by trained and able soldiers. It wiU require the whole power of the Government and three years of time to subdue them if they get organized before you are on them." Congressmen laughed at the wild talk of the dramatic alarmist, old army officers sig- nificantly tapped their foreheads, and said " Poor Sher- man, it is too bad" ; and the President answered, coldly: "Well, Captain, I guess we will manage to keep house." The Confederate Army had concentrated at Ma- nassas, threatening Washington. There were few West Point officers available, and Captain Sherman was commissioned a colonel and given command of a brigade at Dull Run. He was the one earnest man among the crowd of triflers in uniform and citizen's dress who flocked to the field. Congress adjourned to see the rebels run, and Congressmen led the tumultu- ous flight from the battle to Washingtoo. Holding in hand all there was of liis brigade wliich had not stampeded, exposing himself with recliless courage, and keeping a semblance of discipline which did much to prevent pursuit by the victorious enemy, Colonel Sherman rode into Washington so freely to acknowl- edge the faults on the field, and so vigorously de- nounce the utterly inadequate preparations for civil war that he again fell into disrepute, was again assailed as a madman and banished to the West. But Ohio never lost confidence in him and demanded and secured his appointment in the long list of brigadier- generals. The senseless clamor which frightened the Cabinet and the War Office by shouting "On to Richmond," wa^ not appeased by the disgrace and slaughter of BuU Run and Manassas. The frightful recoil, which had followed obedience to the popular cry, only infuriated the politicians. If they could not put down the rebel- lion in a day, they could at least punish those who had insisted upon the power of the Confederacy. There was a significant display of that singular quality of human nature which leads people who" have been warned against a rash act, to turn in"aeleat and dis- appointment and rend the prophet who foretold the result. Sherman, from the more commanding posi- tion of his superior rank, was once more announcing the strength, power and resources of the rebels in Kentucky and Tennessee. He boldly proclaimed that the forces collected to hold those States were so ab- surdly inadequate that another and more fatal Bull Run was sure to follow, unless the means were equal to the emergency. The Government, the press and the people united in condemning his terrorizing utter- ances, and for the third time he was sent into retire- ment as a lunatic. Accumulating perUs and provi- dential escapes from hopeless disasters speedily demon- strated that this madman was a seer, and this alarmist a general. SHERMAN'S OPPORTUNITY. Tlien, for the gloiy of the American army and the incalculable advantage of the Union cause, came the opportunity for the most brilliant soldier and magnetic commander in our annals. The control of the Missis- sippi, the allegiance of the Border Stales, and the ex- istence of the Western army, were in gravest peril at Shiloh. Sherman was at the front on those two desperate days, holding Ms men by his personal ex- ample and presence. He was as much the inspiration of the figlit as the white plume of Henry of Navarre at Ivry. Though wounded, he s.iU led, and though three horses were shot under him, he mounted the fourth. General HaUeck, then Commander-in-Chief of all the National forces, reported to the Government that " Gen- eral Sherman saved the fortunes of the day on the 6th, and contributed largely to the glorious victory of the 7th." Critics and historians will forever discuss the men and the movements of the Civil War. As time passes and future events crowd the record, most of the flgores of that bloody drama, now so well known to us, wUl disappear. It requires, even after the lapse of only a quarter of a century, an effort and a history to recall many names which were then household words. But Sherman's march to the sea, like the retreat of Xen- ophon and his ten thousand Greeks, wiU, through all ages, arouse the enthusiasm of the schoolboy, the fervor of the orator, and the admiration of the strategist. Wlien at last, with a picked army of 60,000 veterans, Sherman was encamped at Atlanta, he had grasped and materialized the faclors of success in tlie dream of his youth. He bombarded the President and the Com- manding General with letters and telegrams : " I can divide the Confederacy, destroy the source of its sup- pUes, devastate its fertile regions, and starve its ar- mies." "Give me the word 'go,' " burdened the wires and the dispatch boxes. The Cabinet said: "Your army will be lost, floundering in the heart of the enemy's country, and cut off from your base of sup- phes." The headquarters siaff said: "Turn back upon the course you have traversed and destroy Hood's army, which threatens your communications and your rear, and then we wiU discuss the question with you.** Sherman detached that most remarkable general, Thomas, with a force sufficient, in his judgment, to take care of Hood, and that superb officer vindicated the trust reposed in him by pulverizing the rebel army. At last the President gave an approval so reluctaht that it threw the responsibility upon General Sherman, jB LIBEAE.Y OF TEIBUNE EXTRAS. and Grant gave his assent. Said General Sherman to me, in one of the confidences so characteristic of his candid mind : " I believed tliat this permission would be withdrawn, and sent immediately a detachment to destroy the wires for sixty miles. I never felt so free and so sure as when the officer returned and reported the worli done. Years afterward I discovered an offi- cial memorandum that, 'owing to the sudden inter- ruption by tlie rebels of communications with Atlanta, a message countermanding the assent to General Sher- man to march across the country to Savannah could not be delivered.' " Upon such slender threads hang the fate of campaigns and the fame of illustrious men. THE MARCH TO THE. SEA. The armies of Tennessee and of Georgia had the dash and daring, the free and breezy swing and ways, and the familiarity with their ollicers, characteristic of the West. They idoUzed their fatherly but cyclonic commander. This superb specimen of the pure Puritan stocli, born and bred in the West, careful of every detail wbich promoted their comfort aiTd efficiency, and careless of the form and dignity which hedge in authority, won their love and admiration. Most veteran armies, with their lines of communication and siipplies abandoned, and marciiing into the enemy's country, ignorant of the food and forage which might be found, or the forces wliich might cross their path, would have murmured or hesitated. But the soldier, who with only a day's rations in his haversack called out to his grim and thoughtful general SjS he rode by : " Uncle Billy, 1 suppose we are going to meet Grant in Eiclimoiid," expressed the faith of Ins com- rades. If Richmond w^as their objective point, nor mountains, nor rivers, nor hostile peoples, nor op- posing armies, could prevent Sherman from talung them there triumphantly. The capture of Atlanta had aroused the wildest enthusi^ism among the people. For the thirty days during wliich the victors were lost in the interior of the Confederacy the North listened with gravest apprehension and bated breath. Then the conquering host were on the shores of the sea, Savannah was laid at the feet of President Lincoln by their General as a Cliristmas present, the Con- federacy was divided and its resources destroyed, and William Tecum seh Sherman became " one of the few, the immortal names, that were not born to die." Having placed his army across all the roads by which General L<3e could escape from Richmond, Sherman let I liis guarters to visit Lincoln, then with Grant at City Pi.int. In April, 1861, Captain Sherman had informed the President in the White House that "he might as well attempt to put out the tlames of a burning house with a squirt gun as to put down the RebeDion with 75,000 men, and that the whole military power of the Norih should be organized at once for a desperate struggle"— to be laugJied out of Washington as a lunatic. Four years had passed. Two millions of men (tiad been mustered in, 500,000 had been lulled in battle or died in the hospital, or had been disabled for life, and In March, 1865, General Sherman stood in the presence of the Piesideht. It was the original faculty of Mr. Lincoln that he coitid so acknowledge a mistake as to make it the most delicate and significant com- phment. "Mr. Pre_sident," said Sherman, "I left in camp 75,000 of the best troops ever gathered in the field, and if Lee escapes Grant they can take care of liim." "I shall not feel secure, nor that they are safe," said the President, "until I know you are back again and in command." "I can capture Jefferson Davis and his Cabinet," said General Sherman. '•Let them escape," was the suggestion of tlm wisest of Presidents ; " and, above all, let there be no more bloodshed, if that is possible." General Joseph E. Johnston and the last army of the Confederacy in Sher- man's hands, the terms of reconstruction and recon- ciliation which he had heard from Lincoln in that final and memorable interview, submitted as the 'conditions of surrender, the President's assassination and its dread consequences, Uie contemptuous repudiation of bis terms by Secretary Stanton, the grand review of Ills soldiers by the Cabinet and Congress at Wasliing- ton, the indignant refusal of the proffered hand of the Secretary of ^^'ar in tlie presence of tire Government and the people, the farewell to and muster out of his beloved army, and one of the most picturesque, romantic and brilliant military careers of modern times came to a close. Its ending had all the striidng and spectacular setting of its course, and its adventures, achieve- ments and surprises will be for all time the delight of tlie historian and the inspiration of the soldier. HIS LIFE'S IDEAL. CLOSE. The later years of (most heroes have been buffeted with storms, or have come to a tragic end. Caesar, in the supreme hour of his triumph, fell at the foot of iPompey's statue, pierced by the daggers of his friends. Napoleon fretted out Ms great soul in the solitude of St. Helena. Wellington lost popularity and prestige in the strifes of parties. Washingiton was worried and wearied into his grave by the cares of office and the intrigues of Ms enemies— enemies, as he believed, also of his country. Grant's death was hastened and Ms last days clouded by the machi- nations of politicians and the crimes of trusted asso- ciates. But General Sherman, in retirement, led an ideal life. Only Von Moltke shares with Mm the peaceful /pleasures of content and of his people's love. The Fathers of /tlie Republic were fearful of mili- tary influence and apprehensive of dangers to liberty and perils to the life of the young Republic. Some of them even distrusted Washington and a dictator- sMp. After Mm they set aside all the Revolutionary generals and selected statesmen for Presidents. But, with confidence in the power and perpetuity of the Nation came the popular strength of the successful soldier. None of our heroes have been able to resist the fascinations and the dangers of the CMef Magis- tracy except General Sherman. All Of our great captains would have led happier lives, and left their fame less obscured, if they had spurned the tempta- tion. In {nearly every canvass since Jackson, one or both of the gi'eat parties have had military candi- dates. General Sherman liad such peculiar and sti'iMng elements of popularity that party leaders begged and besought him to carry their standard. His election would have been a certainty, and he Imew it. But Ms answer was : " I will not accept if nominated, and I will not serve if elected." "In every man's life occurs an epoch when he must choose his own career, and when he may not throw off the re- sponsibility, or tamely place Ms destiny in the hands of Ms friends. Mine occurred in Louisiana when, in 1861, alone in the midst of a people blinded by sup- posed wrongs, I resolved to stand by the Unibn as long as a fragment of it survived on which to cling. I remember well the experiences of Generals Jack- son, Harrison, Taylor, Grant, Hayes and Garfield, all elected because of their military services, and am warned, not encouraged, by their sad experiences." Not the least of the dramatic memories which wiU distinguish tMs most sincere and original actor in the drama of life Jwill be that he wiU remain forever the only American who refused the Presidency of the United States. Though declining political prefer- ment for Mmself, he rejoiced in the honors besto^vred INIEMOEIAL ADDEESSES AND AFTEE-DINNEE SrEECHES. upon any member of his old army. "I am proud," he said, "that Ben Harrison is our President; that Foraker, Hovey, Mtler and Humphreys are G-ovemors of the great States of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois and Kan- sas, {all 'my boys,'" and he would have been wild with delight If he could liavo added Slocum, Governor of New-Yorli. HIS DAILY WALKS TRIUMPHAL PROCESSIONS. His daily walks were a series of itriumphal pro- cessions. The multitudes never obtruded upon his privacy, but separated as he approached, and united when he passed, to express their individual and col- lective affection and gratitude. The encampments of the G-rand Army were tame in his absence, but his presence called together from fifty to 100,000 com- rades to greet "Uncle Billy," and rend the heavens with the chorus of "Marching Through Georgia." His versatile genius met instantly and instinctively the ■exacting reqiiirements of an impromptu addi-ess be- fore a miscellaneous audience. He possessed beyond most men the quick sympathy with the occasion, the seriousness and humor, the fervor and story, the crisp argumeuit and delicacy of touch which imake the suc- cessful after-dinner speech. He was the most charm- ingly unconscious of conversationalists. In his efface- ment of himself and cordial j«cognition of others, picturesque narration of adventure and keen analysis of character, droU humor and hot defence or eulogy of a friend, (his .talk was both a panorama and a play. He was always a boy, with a boy's love of fun, keen Interest in current events, and transparent honesty in thought and expression. He loved the theatre, and the stage, feeling the pres- ence of a discriminating but admiring friend, was at its best when General Sherman was in the audience. He was delightfully happy in the applause and praise of his countrymen and countrywomen. He felt that it came from their hearts, as it went to his. Through his •c!ourse as a icadet at West Point and his career as a young officer he revealed his innermost soul in frequent -correspondence with the daughter of his adopted father, who became afterward Ms wife, and whose wisdom, -devotion and tenderness made his home his haven and his heaven. No impure thought ever decupled his mind or unclean wor'l passed his lips. There was something so delicate and deferential in Ms treatment of women, the compliment was so sincere both in manner and -speech, that the knightly courtesy of Bayard had in Mm the added charm of a recognition of woman's equal mind and judgment. He lived in and with the public. There was some- tMng in the honesty and clear purpose of crowds wMch was in harmony with Ms ready sympathy and unre- served expression and action on every question. He delighted in large cities, and especially in New- Tork. The mighty and yet orderly movements of great l)opulations were in harmony with Ms constant contem- j)la;ion of grand campaigns. His penetrating and sensi- tive mind found rest and recreation in the limitless varieties of metropolitan life. He so quickly caught tlie step of every assemblage that he was equally at home among scientists, and Sunday-School teachers, alumni associations and National societies, club festivi- ties, chambers of commerce celebrations and religious conventions. He never hesitated to respond on any and all these occasions to call for a speech, and always struck a chord wMch was so in unison with the thought ■ of Ms audience as to leave a lasting impression. After the most serious and important of consultations or .meetings, the small hours of the night would often find him the honored guest, a boon companion among bo- 3iemians, or old comrades, but in all the freedom of £tory and repartee, of humor or recitation, neither he nor they ever for an instant forgot that they were in the presence of General Sherman. He was entirely free from the Intense and absorb- ing passion for wealth wMch characterizes our times. He knew little of and cared less for the processes of money-getting. The one place in the country where fortunes were never estimated was Ms house, and Ms was the only presence where riches, their acquirement and their uses were never discussed. He was satisfied with Ms well-earned pay from the Government, and did not envy those who possessed fortxmes. In his simple tastes and childlike simplicity, as he lived and moved in the midst of the gigaoitio combinations and individual efforts to secure a larger sliare of stocks and bonds and lands, he stood to the financial expainsions and revulsions of the day as diid the Vicar of Wakefield to the fasMonable society of Ms period. This sioldier, citizen and patriot, this model husbiand, father and friend, held a place in every heart, and a seat by every fireside in the land. His death carried a sense of personal bereavement to every household, and plunged the country in mourning. The imposing catafalque has attracted the curiosity of thousands as it has borne to the tomb eminent citizen or soldier, but the simple caisson, rumbling over the pavement,, and carrying General Sherman to the side of Ms beloved wife and ajdored boy in the cemetery, drew tears from millions. His name and his fame, his fife and his deeds are among the choicest gifts of God to this richly endowed Republic, and a precious legacy for the example arad inspiration of coming generations. JAMES RUSSELL LOWELL. AN ADDEESS BY GEOEGE W. CUETIS. HE SPEAKS OF THE POET AND DIPLOMATIST BE- FORE THE NEW BROOKLYN INSTITUTE. An eloquent tribute to the career of James Russell Lowell was paid by George WiUiam Curtis in an ad- dress February 22 at th^e meeting of the members of the Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, in Association Hall, Brooklyn. The bequest of one of the founders of the Insiltute provides for an address on WasMng- ton's Birthday, upon some eminent American. It was expected that Mr. Lowell would be the speaker tMs year, until his death occurred, last August. As Ms birth, in 1819, was upon the same day as Washington's, in 1732, It was de- cided to ask Mr. Curtis to speak upon the double an- niversary and make Mr. Lowell Ms theme. The hall was filled with 1,500 people, among them many well- known men. WEen Mr. Curtis made his way to the platform, accompanied by General John B. Woodward, president of the Institute, and Drs. Hall and Backus, there was loud applause, wMch was repeated when he arose to speak, and It frequently punctuated Ms address. Gen- eral Woodward made a brief speech of introduction. Mr. Curtis spoke as foUoTfrs: ' The biii)hday of Washington not only recaHs a gi-eat historic figure, but it reminds us of the quality of great citizenship. His career Is at once our Inspiration and rebuke. Whatever is lofty, fair and patriotic in public conduct, InstLnctively we call by his name; whatever is base, selfish and unworthy, is shamed by the lustre of his life. Like the flaming sword turning every way that guarded the gate of Paradise, Washington's ex- ample is the beacon shining at the opemng of our an- nals and lighting the ipc^tb Qt our national life. R LIBEAEY OF TEIBUNE EXTEAS. But the servloe timt maJies great citizensMp is as various as genius and temperament. Washington's oonducit ol the war ■was not m^re valuable to the coun- try than Ms organization of the government, and. it was not his special talent but liis ohiaraoter tl»at made both of those services possible. In public affairs the glamor pi arms Is always dazzling. It Is the laurels of MUti- ades, not thoise of Homer or Phidias or Demosthenes, which disturb and inspire the j^ung Themistoc^les. But wiiD.6 military glory stirs the popular heart it is the traditions of national grandeur, the force of noble character, immortal woris of literature and art, which nourish 'Uie sentiment that makes men patrioits and heroes. The eloquence of Demosthenes aroused deca- dent Greece at last to strike fDr independence. The song of £oerner fired the resistless charge of Lutzow's cavalry. A pamptileifc of our Kevolution revived tiie flichierlng flame of colonial patriotism. The epeeeh, the song, the written word, are deeds no less than the clash of axms at Cheronea and YorMown and Gettys- burg. It is not only Washington the soldier and the states- man, but Washington the citizen, whom we chiefly re- member. Americans are accused of maMng an excel- lent and patriotic Virginia gentleman a mythological hero and demi-god. But what mythological hero or demi-god 4s a figure so lair? We say notliing of hlra to-day that was not said by those wJio saw and knew Elm, and in phrases more glowing than ours, and the concentrated Ught of a hundred years discloses nothing to mar the nobility of the incomparable man. It was while the personal recollections and Impres- sions of him were stall fresh, while as Lowell said. " Boston was not yet a city and Cambridge was still a country /village," tliat Lowell was born in Cambridge seventy-three years ago to-day. His birth on Washing- ton's blr to time that lieneath the lettered leisure of his litfe there lay the conscienc ^ and moral v'rility that give public - ffe"ct to gerius and accomplishment. Lowell's development as a literary force in nnbhn affan>=^ is ^iTir'^npriou=;iv nnd exquisitely portrayed in the prelude to Sir Launfal in 1848 : "Over hi.s keys the musing organist Besrinniner doubtfully and far away, First lets his linger'^ wander as ther lis*^. And builds a hridee from Dreamland for his lay : Then as the touch of his loved instrument Grives hope and fervor nearev draws his theme. First guessed by faint auroral flushes sent Along the wavering vista of his dream." THE ANTI-SliAVERT CAUSE. In 1844-'45. his theme was no longer doubtful or far away. Although Mr. Garrison and the early abo- litionists refused»to vote as an act sanctioning a Gov- ernment which connived at slavery, yet the slavery question had already mastered American politics. In 1844 the Texas controversy absorbed public atten- tion, and in that and the following year Lowell's poems on Garrison, Phillips, Giddings, Palfrey, and the capture of fugitive slaves near WasMngton, like keen flashes leaping suddenly from a kindling pyre», announced that the anti-slaverj' cause had gained a powerful and unanticipated ally in literature. These poems, especially that on "Thie Present Crisis," have a Tyrtean x*esonance, a stately rhetorical rhythm, that makes their dignity of thought, their intense feeling, and picturesque imagery, superbly effective in reci- tation. They sang themselves on every anti-slavery platform. Wendell Phillips winged with thieir musio and tipped with their flame the darts of his fervid appeal and manly scorn. As he quoted them with suppressed emotion in Ins low, melodious, peneti'at- ing v^oice, the white plume of the resistless Navarre of eloquence gained loftier grace, tlHat relentless sword of invective a more flashing edgg. The last great oration of Phillips was the discourse at Harvard University on the centenary of the Phi Beta. Kappa. It was not the least memorable in that long, series of memorable orations at Harvard of wliich the first in significance was Buckminster-s in 1809, and. the must fauQihar was Edward Everett's in 1824, its stately sentences culminating in the magnificent wel- come to Lafayette, who was present. It was tlie- first time that Phillips had been asked by his Alma Mater to speak at one of her festivals, and he rightly com- prehended the occasion. He was never more himself,. and he held an audience culled from many colleges and not predisposed to admire, in shuddering delighit by the c*lassic charm of his manner and the brilliancy of his unsparing censure of educated men as recreant. to political progress. The orator was nearly seventy years old. He was conscious that he should never speak again upon a greater occasion nor to a more- distinguished audience, and as Ms discourse ended,, as If to express completely the principle of his own life and of the cause to which it had been devoted, and the spirit which alone could secure th& happv future of his country if it was to justify the hope of her children, he repeated the words of Lowell : "New occasion bring new duties, time makes ancient gooi uncouth. They must upward still and onward who would ikee]> abreast of truth. Lio ! before us gleam her camp fires, we omrselves must pilsrims be. Launch our Mayflower and steer boldly through the des- perate winter sea. Nor attempt the future's portal with the Past's blood- rusted key." HIS VOCATION THE MAKI^STG OF YERSE. When Lowell wrote the lines he was twenty-five year& old. He was thoroughly stirred by the cause which Edmund Qulncy in reply to Motley's question, "What public career does America offer?" had declared to be "the noblest in the world." But Low«U felt that he- was before all a poet. Wlien he was twenty-seven, he- Avrote : -If I have a^y vocation, it is the making of vei'se. When I take my pen for that, the world opens Itself ungrudgingly before me; everything seems clear and easy, as it seems sinking to the botCom would be^ as one leans over the edge of his boat in one of those dear coves at Fresh Pond. But when I do prose it Is- in vita Minerva. I feel as if I were wasting time and keeping (back my message. My ti'ue place is to serve the cause as a poet. Then my heart leaps before me into the conflict." Already the musing oraanist had ceased to dream and he was about to strilie a chord In a strange and unexpected key and wi^h a force to whicb the public conscience would thiiU in answer. Lowell was an intense New-Eng:ander. There is no finer figure of the higher Puritan typ . The New- England S0(il from which he sprang was precious to him. The New-England legend, the New-England lan- guage, New-England character and achievement, were aU his delight and familiar study. Nobody who could adequately depict the Yankee ever knew him as LoweU knew him, for h- was at heart the Yankee that he drew. The Yankee early became the distinctive r, presentative of America. H is the Uncle Sam of comedy and cari- cature. Even the sweet-souled Irving could not resist the universal laugh, and gave it fresh occasion by his- portrait of Ichabod Cran . Tho^e who preferred the cavalier and courtier as a national type, traced the Yan- kee's immediate descent from the snivelling, sanctimo-- nious, and crafty zealots of Cromwell's Parliament. Jack Downing and Sam Slick, the coarser fores and' stories broadlv exaggerated this conception, and, in our great controversy of the century, the anti-slavery move- ment was derided as the super-serviceable, snealang- fanaticism of the New-England children of Tribulation Wholesome and Zeal-ln-the-land-Busy. whom the South- ern sons of gallant cavaliers and gentlemen would teach better morals and manners. The Yankee was made a bye-word of scorn and identified with a disturber of the national peace and the fuemy of the glorious Union.. Many a responsible citizen, man>i a prosperous mer- chant in New- York and Boston and Philadelphia, manjr 10 LTBEAEY OF TEIBUNE EXTEAS. a learned dlvin:^, ■whose lionor it was tliat they were Yankees, fell a liall'-lieartecl shame in the name and grudged the pnrt piny d by tlieir noses in tlie conver- sation. They seeniPd porpetnallv to hear a voice of contempt saying, "Thy nose bswrayeth thee." THE REPRESENTATIVE YANKEE FI&URE. This was the iigure wliich, with the instinct of genius, with true New-England pride and the joy of conscious power, Lowell made the representative of liberty-loving, generous, humane, upright, wise, con- scientious, indignant America. He did not abate the Yanliee a jot or a tittle. He magniflea lils cliaracter- istic drawl, his good-natured simplicity, his provincial inexperience. But lie revealed his unbending princi- ple, liis supreme good sense, his lofty patriotism, his unquaUing courage. He scattered the clouds of hatred a,nd ignorance that deformed and caiicatured him, and showed him in Ms doily habit as he lived, the true and worthy representative of America, with mother "Wit preaching the gospel of Christ, and in plain native jDhrase applying it to a tremendous public exigency in Cliristian America. The Yankee dialect of New- England, like the Yankee himself, had become a jjest of farce and exti^avaganza. But, thorougliiy aroused, Lowell gTaspod it as lightly as Hercules Jiis club and -struck a deadly blow at the Hydi'a that threatened the national life. Burns did not give to tili'e Scottish tongue a nobler immortality than Lowell to the dialect of New-England. In June, 184'J, the first Biglow Paper, which, in a letter written at the time, Lowell caUed "a squib of mine," was published in "The Boston Courier." That squib was a great incident both in the history of American literature and politics. The serious tone of our literatm-e from its grave colonial beginninp had been almost unbroken. The rollicking laugh of Knickerbocker wa.5 a sohtary sound in our .literary air until the gay note of Holmes returned a merry echo. But humor as a Uterary force in political discussion wns still more unknown, and in the fierce slavery con- troversy it was least to be anticipated. Banter in such a stern debate ^vonld seem to be blasphemy, and humor as a weapon of anti-slavery warfare was al- most inconceivable. The letters of Major Jack Down- ing, a dozen years before the Biglow Papers, were merely extravaganza to raise a derisive laugh. They were fun of a day and forgotten. Bowel's humor was of anotilier kind. It was known to his friends, but it w^^s ipot a characteristic of Lowell the author. In his •early books tliere is no sign of it. It was not a humor- ist whom the good-natui'ed Willis welcomed in his airy way, saying that posterity would know him as Russell Lowell. Willis thought, perhaps, that another eare sat, nor Pope's nor Dryden's nor Addison's, nor Dr. Johnson's Club, nor that of Edinburgh; nor any Parisian salon or German study, to which Lowell's abundance would not have contributed a golden drop, and his glancing wit a glittering repartee. It was not of reading MEMOEIAL ADDEESSES AND AFTEE-DINNER SPEECHES. 11 merely, it was of tli© reading of a man of Lowell's iintellectual power and resource, tliat Bacon said "reading malietli a full man." THE PROSE OP A POET. H; Iiad said la 1846 that it was as a poet tliat lie could do his best wort. But the poetic temperament and faculty do not exclude prose, and like Milton's swain "He touched th; tender stops of various c[uills." The young poet early showed that prose would be as obedient a familiar to his genius as the tricksy Aril of verse. Racy and rich, and often of the most sono- rous or delicate cadence, it is still the prose of a poet and a master of the differences of form. His prose indeed is often profoundly poetic, that is, quick with Imagination, but always in the form of prose not of poetry. It is so finely compact of illustration, of thought and learning, of wit and fancy, and permeat- ing humor, that his prose page sparkles and sways Hike a phosphorescent sea, "Oblivion," he says, "looks in the face of the Grecian muse and forgets her errand." And again: "The garners of Sicily are empty now, but the bees from all climes still fetch honey from the tiny gard n plot of Theocritus." Such concentrated sentences are marvels of felicity and, al- though unmetred are as exquisite as songs. Charles Emerson said of Shakespeare, " he sat above this hundred-handed play of his imagination pensive and conscious," and so Lowell is remembered by those who Imew him well. Literature was his earliest love and his latest delight, and he has been often called the first man of letters of his time. The phrase is vague, but it expresses the feeling that while he was a poet, and a scholar, and a humorist, and a critic, he was something else and something more. The feeling is perfectly just. Living all summer by the sea we watch with fascinated eyes the long-flowing lines, the flash and gleam of multitudinous waters, but beneath them all is the mighty movement of unfathomed ocean on whose surface only these undulating splendors play. Literature, whether in prose or verse, was the form of Lowell's activity, but its master impulse was not •esthetic but moral. When the activities of his life were ended, m a strain of clear and tender remi- niscence he sang: "I sank too deep in the soft-=;tiTffed r3pose, That hears but rumors of earth's v/ionss and woes ; Too well these Capuas could mv muscles waste, Not void of toils, but toils of choice and tast'^. These still had kept me could I but have quelled The Puritan drop that in my veins rebelled." , PATKIOTISM WAS HIS PASSION. Literature was his pursuit, but patriotism was his passion. His love of country was that of a lover for Ills mistress. He resented the least imputation upon the ideal America, and nothing was finer than his in- stinctive scorn for the pinchbeck patriotism which brags ■and boasts and swaggers, insisting that bigness is great- ness and vulgarity simplicity, and the will of a majority the moral law. No man perceived more slu'ewdly the Ameroan readiness of resource, the Yankee good nature, a-nd the national rectitude. But he was not satisfied with an easy standard. To him the best, not the thrift- iest, was most truly American. Lowell held that of all men the American should be master of his boundless material resources, not their slave, worthy of his un- equalled opportunities, not the sycophant of his fellow Americans nor the victim of national conceit. No man rejoiced more deeply over our great achievements or celebrated them with ampler or prouder praise. He ■delighted with Yankee glee in our inventive genius and restless enterprise, but he knew that we did not invent the great muniments of liberty, trial by jury, the habeas corpus, constitutional restraint, the common school, of which we were common heirs witli civilized Christen- •dom. He knew that we have Niagara, and the prairies and the great lakes, and the majestic Mississippi; but ihe knew also with another great American that still "Earth proudly wears the Parthenon As the best gem upon her zone. And morning opes with haste Ms lids To gaze upon the Pyramids." As he would not accept a vulgar caricature of the ISTew-Englander as a Yankee, so he spurned Captain Bobadll as a type of the American, for he knew that a ■nation may be as well-bred among nations as a gentle- man among gentlemen, and that to bully weakness or to cringe to strength are equally cowardly, and therefore not truly American. Lowell's loftiest strain is inspired by this patriotic ideal. To borrow a German phrase from modern musi- cal criticism it is the leit motif which is constantly heard in the poems and the essays, and that inspiration reached its loftiest expression, both in prose and poetry, m the discourse on Democracy and the Commemoration Ode. The genius of enliglitened Greece breathes audibly still in tlie oration of Pericles on the Peloponessian dead. The patriotic h^urt of America throbs forever in Lin- coln's Gettysburg address. But nowhere in literature Is there a more magnificent and majestic personification of a country whose name Is sacred to its children, no- where a profounder passion of patriotic loyalty, than in the closing lines of the Commemoration Ode. The American whose heart, swayed by that lofty music, does not thrill and palpitate with solemn joy and high resolve, does not yet know what it is to be an American. ALSO A PUBLIC CRITIC AND CENSOR. Like all citizens of high public ideals Lowell was lu- evitablj" a public critic and censor, but he was much too good a Yankee not to comprehend the practical conditions of political life in this cuntry. No man understood better than he such truth as lies in John Morley's remark : " Parties are a field where action is a long second best, and where the choice constantly lies between two blunders." He did not therefore con- clude that there is no alternative, that '•' naught is every- thing and everything Is naught." But he did see clearly that while the government of a repubhc must be a government of party, yet that Independence of party is much more vitally essential in a republic than fidelity to party. Party Is a servant of the people, but a servant wlio is foolishly permitted by his master to assume sovereign airs, like Christopher Sly, the tinker, whom the Lord's attendants obsequiously salute as master : "Look how thy servants do attend on thee; Each in his office ready at thy beck." To a man of the highest public spirit like Lowell, and of the supreme self-respect wliich always keeps faith with itself, no spectacle is sadder tlian that of Intelli- gent, superior, honest public men prosti^ating tiiem- selves before a party, professing what they do not be- lieve, affecting whatHliey do not feel, from abject fear of an Invisible fetich, a chimera, a name, to wlilch tliey alone give reality and force, as tlie terrified peasant himself made the spectre of the Brocken before which lie quailed. Tlie last patriotic service of Washington, and none Is more worthy of enduring oommemoi'ation on tills anniversary, was the farewell address, with its sti'ong and stern warning tliat party government may become a rutJilijss despotism, and that a majority must be watciied as jealously as a Iting. With Ills lofty patriotism and his extraordinary pub- Uc conscience Lowell was distinctively the Indei>endent in politics. He was an American and a republican citizen. He acted with parties as every citizen must act if he acts at all. But the notion that a voter is a traitor to one party when lie votes with anotiier was as ludicrous to liim as the assertion tliat it is treason to tlio Wliite Star steamers to take passage in a Cunarder. When he would know liis public duty Lowell turned within, not without. He hstened, not for the roar of ths majoritv in the street, but for the stUl small voice in his o^vn breast. For wliile tiie method of republican government is party, its basis is individual conscience and common-sense. This entire pohtical Independence Lowell always illustrated. He was born In the last days of New-England Eederalism. His uncle, John Lowell, was a leader in the long and bitter Federahst controversy with "John Quincy Adams, The \\Tiig dynasty succeeded the Federal in Massachusetts, but Lowell's first public interest was the anti-slavery agitar tion, and he identified Mmself with the abolitionists. Jiut he retained his individual view and did not sym- pathize with the policy that sought the dissolution of the Union, and wliich re- fused to vote. In 1850 he says in a private letter to his friend Gay, alluding to some differences of opinion with the Anti-Slavery Society, " there has never been a oneness of sentiment." that is to say complete identity, "between me and the society," and a passaga in a letter written upon election day, Novem.ber, 1850. Illus- trates his independent position: "I "s'hall vote the Union ticket (half Free Soil and half Democratic), not from any love of the Democrats, but because I believe it to be t(he best calculated to achieve some pi'actical result. It is a greafc object to overturn the Whig domination, and this seems to be the only lever to pry them over with. Yet I have my fears tliat if we get a Democratic Governor he will play some trick or other. Timeo Danaos et dona ferentes, if you will pardon stale Latin to Parson Wilbur." L ofC 12 LIBEAEY OF TRIBUNE EXTEAS. HE WAS NEVER A PARTISAN. Tills election is memorable because it overtbre-w the Wblg domiiiation in Massacliusetts and made Ciiarles Sumner tbe successor of I>anidl Webster in the Senate. It restored to tlie State of Samuel Adams the same political leadership before the Civil War that she had held before the Revolution. The Republi- can party, with wbose anti-slavery impulse Lowell was in full accord, arose from the Whig ruins, and whether in a party or out of a party, he was himselE the great illusti-ation of the political independence tliat Jie represented and maintained. As lie allowed no cburch or sect to dictate his religious views or control his daily conduct, so he permitted no party to direct his political action. He was a Wliig, an Abolitionist, a Republican, a Democrat, according bo Ms conception of tlie public exigency, and never as a partisan. From 1863 to 1872 he was joint editor with his friend, Mr. Norton, of "The Nox^th American Review," and he wrote often of public attairs. But his papers all belong to the higher politics, which are thos© of the man and the citizen, not of the partisan, a distinction wMcIi may be traced in Burke's greatest speeches, where it is easy to distinguish what is said by Burhe the wise and patriotic EngUsliman, for such h© really •was, from what is said by the Whig in opposition to the Treasury Bench. But whatever his party associations and political sympathies, Lowell was at heart and by temperament conservative, and his patriotic independence in pur twlitics is the quality which is always unconsciously recognized as the truly conservative element In the country. In the tumultuous excitement of our pop- ular elections the appeal on both sides is not to party, which is already committed, but to those citizens who are still open to i-eason and may yet be persuaded. In the most recent serious party appeal, the orator said : " Above all things, i>olitical fitnesis should lead us not to forget that at the end of our plans we must meet face to face at the poUs the voters i>t the land with ballots in their hands demanding as a condition of the support of our party fidelity and undivided devotion to the cause in which we have enlisted them." This recognizes an independent tribunal which judges party. It implies ftiat beside the host who march under the party color and vote at the party command, there are citizens who may or may not wear a (party uniform, but who vote only at their own individual command, and who give the victory. Theiy mav be angrily classified as poUtical Laodlceans, but 'it is "to them that parties vappeal, and rightly, be- cause except for this body of citizens the despotism of party would be absolute and the republic would de- generate into a mere oligarchy of "bosses." A TRIBUTE TO INDEPEXDENCE. There could be no more signal tribute to political Independence than that which was offered to Lowell In 1876. He was a Republican Elector, and the re- sult of the election was disputed. A peaceful solu- tion of the dilference seemed for some months to be doubtful, although the Constitution apparently fur- nislied it, lor if an elector, or more than one, should differ from Ms party and exercise his express and unquestionable constitutional right, in strict accoid with the constitutional intention, the threatened result might be averted. But in the mul^^tude of electors Lowell alone was mentioned as one who might exer- cise that right. The suggestion was at once indig- nantly resented as an insult, because it was alleged to Imply possible bad faith. But it was not so designed. It indicated that Lowell was felt to be a man who, should he think it to be his duty u.nder the undis- putable constitutional provision, to vote differently from the expectation of Ms party, he would certainly do it. But those who made the suggestion did not perceive that he could not feel it to be his duty, be- cause nobody saw more clearly than he that an un- written law with all the force of honor forbade. The constitutional intention was long since superseded by a custom sanctioned by universal approval, which noakes the Presidential Elector the merest ministerial agent of a party, and the most wholly ceremonial figure in our political system. By ihQ time that he was fifty years old LoweU's conspicuous literary accomplishment and poetic genius with his political Independence, courage and ability, bad given him a pos-ition and Influence unlike those of any other American, and when in 1877 he was appointed Minister to Spain, and in 1880 transferred to England, there was a feeling of blended pride an declare in England the most radical democratic prin« ciples as the ultimate logical result of the British Con- stitution, and to do it with a temper, an urbanity, a moderation, a precision of statement and a courteous grace of humor, which charmed doubt Into acqui- escence, and amazement into unfeigned admiration and acknowledgment of a gr^at service to political thought greatly done— this was an event unknown in the annals of diplomacy, and this is what Lowell did at Birming- ham, PERHAPS HIS GREATEST SERVICE. No American orator has made so clear and com- prehensive a declaration of the essential American principle, or so simple a statement of its etMcaJ character. Yet not a word of this republican, to whom Algernon Sydney would ha,ve bowed and whom Milton would have blest, would have jarred the Tory nerves of Sir Roger de Coverley, although no English Radical was ever so radical as he. The frantic French Democracy of '93, gnashing its teeth in the face of royal power, would have equality and fraternity, it every man were guillotined to secure it. The Ameri- can Republic, spealdng to monarcMcal Europe a cen- tury la er by the same voice with which Sir LaunfaJ had shown tlie identity of Christianity with human sympathy and succor, set forth in the address at Birmingham the truth that Democracy is simply the- practical application of moral principle to politics. There were many and great services in Lowell's lifei MEMORIAL ADDEESSES AND AFTEE-DINNEE SPEECHES. 13 $)ut none of them all seem to me more charac- teristic of the man than when, holding the •commission of Ms country, in his own per- -son representing its noblest character, standing upon soil sacred to him by reverend, and romantic tradition, his American heart loyal to the English im- spulse, which is the impulse of constitutional liberty, for ■one memorable moment he made monarchical England feel for republican America the same affectionate ad- miration that she felt for him, the republican Ameri- can. His last official words in England show the reciprocal feeling. " While I came here as a far-off cousin," he said, "I feel that you are sending me away as something like a brother." He died, the poet, the scholar, the critic, the public counsellor, the am- bassador, the patriot, and the sorrowing voice of the English Laureate and. of the English Queen, the highest voices of English literature and. political power, ming- ling with the universal voice of his own country, showed how surely the true American faithful to the spirit of Washington and of Abraham Lincoln recon- venes and not exasperates international feeling. A PASCINATIIv'a AND INSPIRING FIGrtJRE. So varied, full and fair is the story of Lowell's life, and nuch services to the mind, and heart and character of his couptry we commemorate on this hallowed day. In the golden morning of our literature and National life there is nc more fascinating and. inspiring figure. His literary achievement, his patriotic distinction, and his ennobling influence upon the character and lives of generous American youth, gave him at last power to speak with more authority than any living American ior the intellect and conscience of America. ITpcn :those who knew him well so profound, was the im- j)ression of his resource and power that their words must seem to be mere eulogy. All that he did was but the hint of tliis superb affluence, this comp'rehcnsive .^asp; the overflow of an exhaustless supply, so that it seemed to be only incidental, not his life's business. Even his literary production was impromptu. "Sir Launfal" was the work of two days. "The Fable for Critios" was an anaisement amid severer studies. The discourse on Democracy was largely written upon the way to Birmingham. Of no man could it be said more i)ruly that "Half his strength he put not forth." But that must be always the impression of men of so large a mould and of such pubb'c service that they may iDe properly commemorated on this anniversary. Like mountain summits, bright with sujirise, that announce •the day, such Americans are harbingers of the future which shall justify our faith and fulfil the promise of America to manltind. In our splendid statistics of territorial extension, of the swift civilization of the Western world, of the miracles of our material inven- tion ; in that vast and smiKng landscape, the home of -a powerful and peaceful people, humming with In- dustry and enterprise, rich with the charm of every climate from Katahdin. that hears the distant roar of the Atla.ntic to the Grolden Gate through Which the soft Pacific sighs, and in every form of visible pros- perity we see the resplendent harvest of the mighty sowing, 200 years ago, of the new continent with the sifted grain of the old. But this is not the picture of a National greatness, it is only its glittering frame. Intellectual excellence, noble character, public probity, loftv ideals, art, literature, honest politics, righteous laws, conscientious labor, public spirit, social justice, the stem, self-criticising patriotism which fosters only what Is wortliy of an enlightened people, not what is unworthy -such qualities and such achievements, and such alone, measure the greatness of a State, and those who illustrate tliem are great citizens. They are men whose lives are a glorious service and whose memories are a benediction. Among that great com- canv of Datriots let me to-day, reverently and grate- fully, blend the name of Lowell with that of Washing- ton. CHARLES STEAYART PARNELL A GEEIAI' MEETING IN IHE ACADEMY OF MUSIC. CHAUNGEfT M. DEPEW DKEJVEHS AN ELOQUENT ORATION ON THE LIPE, OP THE DEAD IRISH LEADER. Eleven years ago Colonel Henry A. Gilder- sleeve, now Judge, stood upon a platform in the Madison Square Gurden and introduced for the first time to an American audience Charles Stew- art Parnell, who in company with John Dillon had come to the United States to plead the cause of the suffering people of Ireland, a large part of which country was then overshadowed by famine. On November 15 Judge Gildersleeve again pre- sided at a meeting, this time in the Academy of Music, but it was not the living personality, but the cold marble bust of the dead Irish leader that was close by. Around it was a wreath, the gift of the Polish societies of New-York, the sad his- tory of whose own country is in many respects similar -to the sad history of Erin. A large por- trait of Parnell was also on view, together with a "wreath, sent from the women of Cork specially for the occasion. The wreath was made of laurels and Bhamrocks, the latter S lucked from the grave of Parnell in Ireland's rational cemetery at Glasnevin, Dublin. The memorial -meeting was organized by the Municipal Council of the Irish National Lieague aided by the different county societies and all the other Irish organizations of the city John McConvill was chiairman of the Committee of Ar- rangements. It was a full house, and although a memorial meeting is not exactly an occasion for cheers and applause, the irrepressible Celt found it impossible to keep stUl when the familiar face and stately figure of Chauncey M. Depew, who was to deliver the oration on Parnell, ap- peared upon the platform, escorted by Judge Gildersleeve and some members of the committee, and sat down, awaiting his turn to speak. The plftform was draped in purple, and in a con- spicuous place was the touching request of the Irish leader as he lay dying : " Give my love to my colleagues and the people of Ireland.' SOME OF THOSE PRESENT. Among those present were Governor-elect Will- iam McKinley, jr., of Ohio ; ex-Senator James Daly, WiUiam J. Knoud, Michael Breslin, Judge James Fitzgerald, ex-Judge Edward Browne, John W. Goff, Congressman Campbell, ex-Judge Van Hoesen, Colonel W. L: Brown, J. P. Farrell, E. M. Walters, Dr. Philip E. Donlin, T. St. John Gaffney, Eoderick J. Kennedy, Mat- thew Carroll, Mrs. Marguerite Moore, Lavrrence F. Fullam, Daniel Eiordan, E. D. Walsh, of Chi- cago ; Lieutenant Moraji, Captain D. C. McCarthy, and Colonel James Cavah'agh, of the 69th Eegi- ment; John J. Eogers, John Torney, Barnard O'Beirne, ex-Congressman Quinn, B. G. McSw^^my, Assistant District-Attorney Lynn, Stephen McFar- land, Edward O'Flaherty, Michael Giblin, John J. Murphy, Stephen McPartland, Civil Justice Murray. ex-Police Justice Murray, ex-Congress- man McAdoo and William P. Mitchell. Bayne's 69th Eegiment Band furnished the music. By permission of Walter Damrosch, of the Symphony Orchestra, Miss Inez Carusi played some selections on the harp. The orchestra played a funeral march, composed and dedicatfed to the 14 LIBEAEY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. Parnell Memorial Committee by Williaui Bartou Stoiie, and a quartette sang Cardinal Newman's hymn, " Lead, Kindly Light. " Juhn McConvill opened the meeting in a brief and stirring speech and introduced Judge Gilder- sleeve as ciiairman. Judge Gildersleeve's intro- ductory speech was also brief and eloquenf, and was well received. MR. DEPEW WARMLY WEJLCOJVIED. Chauncey M. Uepew, on rising to make the oration of the evening, was applauded again and again. Mr. Depew said : Ladies and G-entlemen : We are here to pay tribute to tlie memory of a man who made an indeUble impress upon his times and performed Incalculable services for Ills country. In this audience are Irishmen of all creeds and widely divergent views on (juestions aft'ectins Ireland, wlio for the evening and the occasion Jay aside their antagonism to plant a flower iipon the grave of one of the most eminent of their race. (Applause.) The weaknesses and the errors of g'.eat leaders are an inseparable part of the elements which effect their fortunes while living, but, when they are dead, the sum of their services to tlieir people is tlieir monument. A career crowded with battles, persecutions, imprison- ments, defeats and i^iun ]>hs, concentrating in one in- dividuality the hopes and fears, the passions and re- sentments of a nation for centuries, could not end without leavhig behind controversies whlcJi time and opportunity alone c^n heal. But we have not met to discuss or settle the party differences of the hour. It is om* purpose to recognize and gracefully remember the wisdom, the patriotism, the courage and the superb generalship with wliicli Charles btewart Parnell or- ganized and led Ms countryinen to within sight of the promised land of self-government. The historian of this period cannot write the chronicles of Germany without Bismarck, of France without Gambetta, of Italy without Cavour and Gaiibaldi, of Ireland without Parnell. (Applause.) The history of modern Ireland begins with the century. Prior to that is a fearful story of wars, confiscations, executions and transportations of whole populations from their lands arrd homes. It is a monotony of hor- rors. All European countries Jiavc been ravaged by the armies of foreign invaders and devastated by civil strifes, but with concLuest or exhaustion has come peace. Then has followed recuperation and prosperity. Com- merce lias revived, manufactories have flourished, in- ternal improvements have been made, new cities have been founded, and old ones have inerea'=:ed in inhabitants and importance, and there has been sohd growth in population and wealth. A SAD ANB SOI/ITARY EX'GEiPTIOX. Ireland forms the sohtary exception to the benefi- cent power of peace. Her Industries have one by on© been paralyzed until few manufactures remain and those are confined to limited territory. Her pop- ulation has been reduced nearly one-half in the last fifty years. Her story is the paradox of nations. When most at rest she has suffered the most misery. These results must be due to either the conditions of climate and soil, the temper aud capacity of the people, or bad government. The land is not to blame. The Emerald Isle was fashioned by God to be an earthly paradise. Its fertile fields invite agriculture and abundantly reward the husbandman. Its noble harbors ought to shelter prosperous commerce, and hospitably entertain the mercantile marine of the world, and its innumerable locations for the successful development of varied industries should attract capital and enterprise. It is not the fault of the Irish people. Driven fr'om home they have settled all over the globe, and are everywlijere distinguished for industry, enterprise and thrift. They take leading positions in the profes- sions and in business. They show special aptitude for pohtics, and win distinction in public life. Then her condition must be due to what Mr. Gladstone had recently characterized as centuries of wrong, and every Parhamentary leader in England for a half century has, under the pressure of the evidence of Royal Commissioners, or when teUlng the truth to undermine the party power, denounced in language as vigorous as the passlonated utterances of Irish patriots. The forms of self-government without the spirit of liberty worli greater injustice than absolutism. The autocrat can be forced to listen to the cry of his I)eople, but wlien they are misrepresented, or not represented at all, in the federal congress, they have no voice. Tliere was no possibihty of the Imperial Parhament hearing or knowing or caring for the %vrongs or aspirations of Ireland until Parnell. (Applause.) He compelled Parhament to hear and know and care. Parnell was born 100 years after Grattan^. and he entered the British Parliament just a century after Grattan became a member of the Irish Parliament. It was a century of fruitless struggles, of fearful famine, of patient waiting, break- ing out occasionally into fierce revolt, to be repressed with relentless ferocity, of wholesale evictions of tenant farmers and vast emigrations to foreign lands. Grattan was the most eloquent speaker of a period famous for its orators, and a commanding genius when the country was rich in men of genius. His un- equalled appeals for hberty have been the inspiration of the patroits of many lands and alien tongues. He was himself the first-bom across the seas of the ideas of the American Revolution. The man who took up the traditions of his failure and crystallized them into the forces of success after the lapse of ten decades, had neither eloquence nor genius, but he possessed the tireless energy, the grasp of his surroundings and the directness of aim which command the business senates- of our day. (Applause.) A TRIBUTE TO O'CONNEHL. The nineteenth century was ushered into immediate contact with its needs and possibihties by the superb figure of Daniel O'Connell. He began in 1800 his glorious struggle for • Catholic emanci- pation. Four-fifths of his countrymen were denied the suffrage, and two-thirds, on account of their religious faith, were not permitted the ordinary rights of person and property. He stood at the head of his people more like a prophet of the Old Testament, who led by faith, than a modern reformer. Napoleon with the assist- ance of a vast and complicated machinery conscripted an army of hundreds of thousands of men, but O'Con- nell attracted an audience of half a million people. He felt and enforced the lesson of hberty, that all men are equal before the law. The majestic power of such a following behind such a leader conquered the prejudices and convinced the judgments of Sir Robert Peel and the Iron Duke. The victor of Waterloo sur- rendered to the united demand of Ireland voiced by her greatest son. It was a signal triumph of moral force and constitutional method, where revolution had always tailed. The Liberator, aa his countrymen lov- ingly named him, found his victory incomplete, the redemption of his people impossible imder the operation of land laws which were the legal cover for every form of persecution and injustice. With the sufl'rage so restricted that there was no popular representation, the Irish delegation was filled with members blindly obedient to one or the other oi the two great Enghsh parties, and indifferent or hostile to the interests of the vast non-voting population whom they misrepresented. It was not in the power of O'CcnneU or of any man to inform the British Par- hament or the Enghsh constituencies of the real con- dition of Ireland, when the large majority of Irish members denied the existence of wrongs to be righted or evils to be remedied. O'Connell saw that the only possible relief was to have all Irish questions relegated to an Irish Parhament, and he boldly struck for a re- peal of the Union. His object was not to dismember the Empire, but to secure the* administration of Insh domestic affairs to the Irish people— a thought evi- dently suggested by the success of the Federal princi- ple in the United States. The despair of O'Connell was the birth of Home Rule. It was the desperate groping in the dark for that idea, which, perfected by disheartening defeats and discouraging betrayals, is to-day the aspiration of most Irishmen, and the belief of the majority hi England, Scotland and Wales. (Ap- plause) ., , The patriot and statesman saw the impending famine. The combined operation of laws which sup- pressed manufacturing and varied industries, and drove a whole population to agriculture, which permitted neither freedom of transfer nor security of tenure, and subjected whole countries to raclc rents and evictions by absentee landlords, was culminating in one of the most frightful calamities which ever befeU a nation. He made one last, grand and pathetic appeal. Par- hament was deaf, his colleagues from Ireland were in- different, and O'Connell died of a broken heart. Three mUhons of people dependent on pubhc relief, a million dead from starvation and fevers, one-half the population of the oountry seeking in exhe homes and an opportunity to hve are the cold figures wliich cry 8- MEMOETAL ADDEESSES AND AFTEE-DINNEE SPEECHES. 15 tallize for tlie historian results, but the homd details are beyond the poT^er of language to describe, or the imagination to grasp. From the depths of this misery sprang revolution, heroic efforts, desperate conspiracies, every form of patriotic endeavor, or wild unreasoning vengeance to be suppressed by an ever present and overwhelming force. It was the opportunity of the office-hunter and adventurer, of the Keoghs and Sadliers, to secure by popular favor power which could be bartered for place or pelf. PARNEIili AS A LEADER. In a representative Government, composed of different States, existing under divers conditions, the pride of Empire, the sense of security, the feeling of nationality, •will always combine the united force of the whole against the effort of any part to violently disrupt the State. While the fight lasts and the fever of nation- ality is on, they will be blind and deaf to the just de- maaid of the dissatisfied member. The necessity of the disaffected and injured Commonwealth is a competent and incorruptible leader, and a' united and loyal repre- sentation in the Federal Congress. Such a commander, with devoted followers, will know no party, except that which recognizes his demands, win permit no measures to pass until the petition of his people has been heard and its prayer answered. Tliis ideal leader was Charles Stewart Parnell. (Cheers.) The time was not yet ripe for this new force. It was a needed preparation, both for the Irish people and the Imperial Parliament, that the old methods should be fairly tried under a leader of ability and integrity. He was found in that picturesque and most interesting personality, Isaac Butt. He tried to consolidate Irish representation for Home Rule. He was compelled to accept candidates who cared more for their Liberal or Tory affiliations than for Irish measures. He was surrounded by members who feared *he social ostracism of London society, and longed for the rich places in the Britisli Cvil Service. Yet this brilliant, courageous, un- daunted patriot, struggling with poverty, besieged by bailiffs, sacrificing his professional Income to his public duties, rose from every defeat, to begin anew with unabated ardor and hope, his battle for justice and liberty. His fight was witbin the lines of his party, and he never succeeded in con\'lncing its managers that Ire- land had wrongs to redress, or of teaching them that coercion was not the way to settle Irish questions and give peace to the Emerald Isle. At the hour when the prospect was darkest, and the Irish were despair- ing of their cause, there appeared upon the field a champion who presented none of the externals of heroism or leadership. No herald trumpeted his com- ing, no applause greeted his arrival. His comrades had not noticed his presence, the enemy was not aware of his existence. He hated publicity, but was destined if be the most conspicuous figure in the Empire. He di3lihed to speak, and whenever possible avoided the forum or the platform, but he was to effectively voice the demands and principles which had taxed the re- sources of the greatest orators of a nation justly famed for eloquence. He was cold in manner, undemonstra- tive, self-poised, imperturbable, neither elated nor de- pressed, and yet he became the idol of the most im- pulsive of peoples. The wealcness of leaders is their jealousy of talent among their followers. Many a cause has been im- perilled or lost and many a party driven from power because tbe chief could not endure the praise bestowed upon his lieutenants. Parnell welcomed ability, and gave its possessor every opportunity for distinction. His superiors in eloquence, like Sexton and Redmond, in literature, like McCarthy and O'Connor, in journal- Ism or popular appeal, like Sullivan, or O'Brien, or Dillon, or Harrington, were given the places where they could best serve. If he had ambitions otlier than for his country, they were never apparent. If he had lihes or animosities, they never stood in the way of a useful man occupying his proper place. GOD SAYE IREIiAND. The inspiration which started him in his career and guided him in his work was the motto of the Man- chester martyr, " Grod Save Ireland." He saw that for Irishmen to plot against the Castle or hurl them- selves on the bayonets of the soldiery was madness. He proclaimed that any man who committed a crime was a foe to Ireland. He found that Home Rule was a subject for debate, which the House of Commons would wearily listen to an^ both parties unite to Mil. And yet he resolved to win by moral force and coTistitutional methods. He became master of the rules of the House, and then used them to stop its business. With only three who dared follow, he attached 600 and odd, entrenched in the forms, the usages, and the traditions of cen- turies. " No measure shall pass until the demands of Ireland are granted," was his battle cry. Tories were shocked. Liberals indignant. Radicals amazed, and tlie Speaker paralyzed. Isaac Butt feared the result, and withheld his support. Shaw thought the movement was not respectable, and most of tlie Irish members agreed with him. Parliamentary procedure is the growth of genera- tions of representative government. It is the pride and glory of England. It preserves the constitution, and crystallizes into law the opinions of the people. It permits the weight of popular sentiment to so balance parties as to put power into the hands of the one which, for the time, best voices public opinion. To interrupt the smooth and accustomed working of this venerable machinery was accounted little less than sacrilege, and believed to be flat treason. Obstruction buried for the moment partisan animosities and ambi- tions, and brought together all elements to crush the obstructionist. Though threatened with the unknown perils and punishment and the frightful possibilities of being named by the Speaker, though menaced with suspension, and put under the ban of personal and social ostracism, though treated with derision In the House and contempt in the press, the undismayed and unruffled leader stood with his little band across the path of public business, demanding justice for Ireland. He bafiBied the statesmen who had led tlie House of Commons for generations by showing them that they could neither stop nor suspend nor expel, for he was acting strictly within their own rules and fighting with weapons from thefr own armory. Then said Mr. Grladstone : "When you show us that a majority of the members from Ireland want legislation, we are pre- pared to listen and act." This proposition could not be satisfactorily answered. Parnell believed that the people of Ireland were with him, but he knew, as did the House, that their representatives were not. Senates do not go behind Senators to canvass their constitu- ents, and Parnell recognized the fatal force of Mr. Gladstone's proposition. Party leaders, as a rule, are eminent and powerful within recognized lines, and by the skilful handling of men and measures. Great crises develop oricinal genius for the emer- gency, like Abraham Lincoln. They win triumphs by methods wliich the veteran soldier has learned neither in school nor on the field, and wliich he either derides or distrusts. Parnell was the most resourceful of men, with unlimited confidence in liimself. and the rare faculty which inspires unquestioning obedience in others. He said to the Irish people, if you beUeve in me, you must be represented in Parliament by mem- bers who will act with me, and who can neither be mis- led, nor intimidated, nor bought. Give your answer to Mr. Gladstone's challenge. The re:^ponse has no parallel in the history of the electorate under free gov- ernments. It was. "Select your own candidates, Mr. Parnell, and we will elect them." Experience had demonstrated that under the pressure and temptations at Westminster and the disintegrating influences at home, something more than a. common sentiment was required to keep constituencies solid and members con- stant. For this purpose Parnell took control and ner- fected the machinery of the Land League, wliich had been organized by Michael Davltt. THE DIPPICUIiT liAND QUESTION. It Is difficult for Americans to appreciate the Irish land question. Real estate ^yith us Is sold and ex- changed as freely as any other commodity. A bargain with regard to the soil has all the incidents of other commercial transactions. But the land system of Ireland had made a large majority of the population the tenants of a few landlords. The laws were wholly on the side of the landowners and administered by their agents. The comfort and misery of millions of human beings, the peace or unrest of the Kingdom, was not dependent upon legislation, but on the whim or wisdom of irresponsible and unrelated individuals. The necessities of a spendthrift in London, losses at tlie gambling table at Homburg. or the Irritation of the lord against his vassals, would raise rents beyond the possibility of their being earned, and evict thousands ta die by the roadside without compensation for Improve- ments or opportunity for defence. It Is a frightful commentary on the situation that during the famine which carried over a million of men. 36 LIB17AEY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. women and children to their graves, tliere was plenty / food produced in Ireland, but it all went for rent, wliile the potatoes, the sole resource of the tenant, rotted In tlie ground. The ship from America laden withi provisions for the st-arving passed at the entrance of the liarbor of Cork three vessels sailing out and filled -with export wheat. The British Parhament, the most conservative of bodies, and ruled by land?d pro- prietors, became so impressed with these conditions that between 1870 and 1890 it enacted several of the most sweeping acts ever put upon tlie statute book :for the relief and protection of the tenantry of Ireland. ^Applause). Thus in gaining control of the Land League, Parnell Iliad the deepest interests of the people as the founda- tion for political sentiment and personal loyalty. When he entered Parliament at the head of 83 out of 103 representatives from Ireland, he held In one hand party power and in the other the hlomes and the for- tunes of liis people. He had returned in triumph. The Commons were bewildered. The calm and confident leader, who had defied them with three followers, now faced thtem with the larger number of the Irish mem- bers behind him. "I have come witli the majority you demanded," he said, "wiU you listen now?" From that hour the Irish question became the foremost factor In British politics, and Parnell the most powerful mem- ber of thie House of Commons. The time-worn policy of coercion put him in Kilmainham jail, and it became not the cell of a criminal, but the palace of an un- crowned Mng. Thie Ministry which imprisoned him .negotiated with liim pjs witb a conqueror. The question was not on what terms will we set you ■free, but on wihiat conditions will you accept release? He did not mince matters. He demanded, and was ^accorded, the settlement of arrears of rent, the amend- ment of the land act, the abandonment of coercion and the retirement of Mr. Forster, the coercion Minister. As Parnell, fresh from prison, entered the House, Mr. Forster, the defeated Minister, in a memorable speech, placed upon the brow of the victor this wreath: "I think we may remember what a Tudor king said to a great Irishman in former times, 'If all Ireland can- not govern the Earl of Kildare, let tlie Earl of Kildare govern Ireland." In like manner, If all England can- not govern the (honorable member for Cork, then let us acknowledge that he is the greatest power in Ire- land to-day." The Tories hailed his alliance with delight. The members who had denounced him as an arch-con- spirator, and believed him to be in league with assas- sins, now embraced him as an associate and bid high, for Ms support. Local self-government became a con- servative war cry. The principle which has been the contemptuous football of parties, became the chief plank In their platforms. (Applause.) INSIENSIBIiE TO FLATTERY. But Parnell was insensible to flattery and unmoved by promises. He wanted measures and not pledges. He was cordial with the party which was at the moment most likely to adopt and pass his bills, but he cared nothing for either party. He became the potential force in the GrovemmeDt. He made aiad un- made Cabinets. He burled the Grladstone Ministry from (power and defeated tliat of Lord Salisbury. He compel'ed the adjournment of Parliament and an -iipyeal to the country. The conversion of Mr. Glad- stone to Home Rule for Ireland is the most momentous eveiit in the English politics of our generation. He went to defeat and out of power on the Issue, and has steadily kept it as the test of faith. The splendor of this statesman's «,cquirements and achievements ob- scures his defects and wealcnesses. He has had, in his time, no equal as the leader of the Opposition. Peerless as an orator, resourceful, versa- tile, aggressive, positive, fertile In attack, and skilful In retreat, he soon puts his adversaries in the wrong, and regains the confidence of his countrymen. It is only in power that he shows uncertainty of policy. When he is burdened with the responsibilities of govern- ment, it often happens that it is only after he has made uip his mind that he is in doubt. But in the heat of battle and the fury of the fight this hero of majiy fields does not waver, and Home Ru'e is a desperate struggle until an Irish Parliament convenes on Dublin Green. He saw that Pariiell represented the Irish people, and formulated a Home Rule bill to meet their demands. His defeat, coming, as it did, through the defection of cherished friends, intensified liis ardor and coniirmed his purpose. He made the principle of Home Rule the cardinal doctrine of his (party, and challenged Tories and Liberal Unionists to go to the country upon the issue. Ireland no longer fights with one arm tied and the other held back by false friends. Parnell freed them poth. Ireland no longer struggles alone, her cause is the stake of one of the great parties of England, and made so by Parnell. (Applause.) Where all others had failed, he succeeded. The weaiy waiting, the almost hopeless struggle of a cen- tury for local self-government, has nearly ended, and the victory is practically won, because, with tli© ex- isting and grooving sentiment and party support in Eng- land, Scotland and Wales, backed by a united front from Ireland, the first act of the Parliament to bo elected next year will be a complete and saiisfactory measure of Home Rule. This is the triumph of Parnell. The laws now in force for the benefit of Ireland, which are tlie direct result of his efforts, would immortalize the memory of any statesman, and give him Mgh rank on the list of patriots. During O'ConneU's time every act proposed for the relief of the Irish people was killed, but nineteen bills were passed susi)ending the writ of habeas corpus, and twelve to facilitate evictions and enlarge the area of crimes and punishments. Isaac Butt's brilliant career presents to the historian years of splendid effort and barren results. Not a single measure of Importance rewarded his labors. Upon Parnell's monument his gi'ateful countrymen will inscribe four acts which are a distinct recognition of tenants' rights, and long strides toward the redress of tenan's' wrongs. (Applause.) THE LEiSlSON OF HIS LIFE. The lesson of Parnell's life is the superiority of con- stitutional over revolutionary methods. He demon- strated that nothing is impossible for Ireland in the Imperial Parliament if her sons are both united and wise. His agitation gave a distinct impulse to the EhgUsh Democracy, and educated and strengthened the radical element in British politics. I hare often heard the remark in London that Americans interest them- selves about Home Rule in Ireland only because the Irish form so Important a factor in the American electorate. It is an ignoble reason for a popular sym- pathy which is universal in the United States. Our hearts have often been touched by Irish distress, and our minds and imaginations fired by our Irish fellow- citizens, but Home Rule appeals to us as an American principle. It has' so superbly stood the strain and been so elastic to the needs of a" century of progress, that resistance to its beneficent operation in other lands arouses our interest and excites' our amazement. Parnell appeals to us with peculiar force as the grandson of Old Ironsides. The victories of the Con- stitution were the pride and glory of our young Navy and are the inspiration of our White Squadron. At every supreme crisis in Parnell's struggles were visible the quaUties inherited from our hero of the seas. At his hour of greatest danger, when the Plgott conspiracy was weaving about him a chain which threatened the destruction of both himself and liis cause, his indiffer- ence seemed callousness to crime, and when completely vindicated, and again the acknowledged leader of a great constitutional reform, and at the moment of his grandest triumph, liberals. Radicals and Home-Rulers were greeting him with cheers such as ne\^er before resounded in the House, " Parnell stood there with his arms folded, a block of ice amid the general flame." I saw Wendell Phillips arouse the coldest and most critical audience in New-England to madness and fury without making a gesture or raising his voice above a conversational tone. The superbly controlled passion of the speaker fired the minds and imaginations of his hearers. Their leader of iron and Ice gicw in the susceptible hearts and brains of Irishmen until he be- came idealized into a supernatural figure sent by God for their deliverance, ^pplause.) :\IEMORJAL ADDEESSES AND AFTER-DINNER SPEECHES. 17 CLEVELAND AT ANN ARBOR. THE EX-PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS AT THE UXIVERSIT\- OF MICHIGAN. HE TALKS TO THE STUDE^-TS ABOUT '" SEXTI- M.EJNT IN OVR jSTATIOXAL UIFE"— THE FUEEDOM OF THE CITY" PKE- SENTED to THE SPEAKER. Ann Arbor, Mich., Feb. 22.— Ex-President •Grover Cleveland, accompanied by ex-Governor Campbell, ;ol' Oliio ; ex-Postmastei'-Geueral Don JVI. Dickinson, of Detroit ; W. S. Bissell, of Buffalo, -Mr. Cleveland's former law partner, and Ricbard Watson Gilder, Editor of " Tlie Century," arrived here to-day at 11 :45 a. m. from Detroit. The -city was gayly decorated in honor of the party. Fully 2,000 students of the University were gath- -ered at the depot and greeted them with the blare of tin horns and with the University yell. Mayor Doty met the party as they alighted from the train and presented Mr. Cleveland with the free- dom of the ctiy in a silver casket. The ex-Presi- dent replied with a few suitable words of thanks, saying that of all the offices which he had held, he had enjoyed none more than that of mayor. President Angell, of the University, was then presented and a procession was formed of the Ann ..Arbor and Ypsilanti military companies, students and residents of this and other cities, which inarched thi-ough the principal streets. Aftei luncheon at Pi-esident Angell's residence the party .proceeded to University Hall where, at 3 o'clock, -^fr. Cleveland delivered an address upon the sub- ject of "Sentiment in our National Life." Here is what he said : Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: Among th.e few holidays which the rush and hurry of American life concede to us, surely no one of a secular cliar- ■actei' is so suggestive and impressive as the day •we celebrate on this occasion. We not only com- memorate tJie birth of the greatest American who •ever lived, but we recall as inseparably connected with his career all the events and Incidents which led up to the establisliment of free institutions in th,ls land of ■oui's, and culminated in tlie erection of our wondrous nation. The University of MicMgan, therefore, most ap- propriately honors herself and does a fitting public -service by especially providing for such an observance of the day as is calculated to turn to the contempla- tion of patriotic duty the thoughts of the young men whom she is soon to send out to take places In the ranks of American citizenship. I hope it may not be out of place for me to express the gratification it affords me as a member of the legal profession to know that the conduct of these exercises has been committed to the classes of the law depart- ment of the university. There seems to be a propriety in this, for I have always thought the influences sm-- rounding the practice and study of the law should espe- cially taduoe a patriotic feeHng. The business of the profession is related to the enforcement and operation of the laws which govern our people; and its mem- bers, more often than those engaged in other occupa- tions, are called to a participation in making these laws. Besides, they are constantly brought to the ^study of the fundamental law of the land ard a famil- iarity with its liistory. Such study and familiarity .should be sutficient of themselves to increase a man's love of country ; and they ceitaljily cannot fail to rou^e his veneration for tlie men who laid the foundations of our Nation sure and steadfast in a written Constitu- tion, wliich iias been declared by the greatest livmg English statesman to be "tlie most wonderful work ever struck off at a given time by tlie b.ain and pur- pose of man."' Washington had more to do with the formation of the Constitution than our enthusiasm for other phases of the great work he did for Lis country usually makes prominent. He fought the battle which cleared the way for it. Hi best knew the need of consolidating under one governmsnt the colonies he had rands free, and he best knew that with( nt this con oid.it:on a wasting war, the long and severe privatiou and suffering his countrymen had undergone and his own devoted labor in the cause of freedom were practically in vain. The beginning of anything like a public sentiment looking to tile formation of our Nation is traceable /to his efforts. Tlie circular letter he sent to the Governors of the States, as early as the close of the War of the Revolu- tion, contained the germ of the Constitution; and aU this was recognized by his unanimous choice to preside over the convention that framed it. His spirit was in and through it all. But whatever may be said of the argument pre- sented in support of the propriety of giving the law classes the management of this celebration, it is en- tirely clear that the university herself furnishes to all her students a most useful lesson when, by decree- ing the observance of this day, she recognizes the fact that the knowledge of books she imparts is not a complete fulfilment of her duty, and concedes that the education with which she so well equips her graduates for individual success in life and for business and pro- fessional usefulness may profitably be siipplemented by the stimulation of their patriotism, and by the direction of their thoughts to subjects relating to their country's welfare. I do not know how generally such an observance of Washington's birthday as has been here established prevails in our other tmiversities and colleges ; but I am convinced that any institution of learning in our land which neglects to provide for the instractive and improving observance of this day within its walls falls short of its attainable measure of usefulness and oinits a just and valuable contribu- tion to the general good. There is great need of edu- cated men in our public life, but it is the need of edu- cated men with patriotism. The college graduate may be, and frequently is, more unpatriotic and less useful in public affairs than the man who, with limited educa» tion, has spent the years when opinions are formeeal summoned our fathers to the battlefields where American independence was won, and such an appjsal has scattered soldiers' graves all over the land, wliich mutely give evidence of the power of our Grovernment and the perpetuity of our free institutions. I have thus far spoken of a people's sentiment as something which may exist and be effective under any form of government and in any national condition. But the thought naturally follows that if this senti- ment may be so potent in countries ruled by a power originating outside of popular will, how vital must Its existence an4 regulation be among our countrymen whio rule themselves and administer their own laws. In lands less free than ours, the control of the gov- erned may be more easily maintained, if those who ar© set over them see fit to make concession to their sentiment; yet, with or without such concession, the strong hand of force may still support the power to govern. But sentiment is the very lifeblood of our Nation. Our Government was conceived amid the thunders that echoed "AU men are created equal," and It was brought forth while free men shouted " We, the people of the United States." The sentiment of our fathers, made up of their patriotic intentions, their sincere beliefs, their homely impulses and their noble aspirations, entered into the government they established; and unless it is constantly supported and. guarded by a seaitiment as pure as theiis, our scheme of popular rule will fail. Another and a different plan may take its place; but this wliich we hold in sacred trust, as it originated in patriotism, is only fitted for patriotic and honest uses and purposes, and can only be administered in its integrity and intended beneficence by honest and patriotic men. It can no more be saved nor faithfully conducted by a selfish^ dishonest and corrupt people than a stream can rise above its source or be better and purer than its fountalii head. None of us can be ignorant of the ideas which con- stitute the sentiment underlying our National structure. We luiow they are a reverent belief in God, a sincere recognition of the value and power of moral principle- and those qualities of heart which make a noble manhood, devotion to unreserved patriotism, love for man's equality, unquestioning trust in populg,r rule, the exactions of civic virtue and honesty, faith in the saving quality of universal education, protection of a frete and unperverted expression of the popular will, and an insistence upon a strict accountability of public olficers as servants of the people. These are the elements of American sentiment; and' all these should be found deeply imbedded in the minds and hearts of our countrymen. When any one of them is displaced, the time has oome when a danger signal should be raised. Their absence among the people of other nations— however gr?at and powerful they may be — can afford us no comfort nor re- assurance. We must work out our destiny unaided and alone in full view of the truth that nowhere sa directly and surely as here doeis the destruction or degeneracy of tlie people's sentiment undermine the foundations of governmental rule. I/et us not for a moment suppose that we can out- grow our dependence upon this sentiment, nor that in any stag 3 of national advance and development it wUl be less important. As the love of family and kindred remains to bless and strengthen a man in all the vicissitudes of his mature and busy lif_% so must our American sentiment remain with us as a people — a sure hope and reliance in every phase of our country's growth. Nor will it suflice that the factors which compose this sentiment have a sluggish ex- ist nee in our minds, as articles of an idle feith which we are willing perfunctorily to profess. They must be cultivated as motive principles, stimulating us to effort In the cause of good governm'^nt and constantly warning us against the danger and dishonor of faith- 1 ssness to the sacred cause we have in charge and heedlessness of the blessings vouchsaf d to us and future generations, under our free instituiions. These considerations emphasize the value whlck should be placed upon every opportunity afforded us for the contemplation of the pure lives and patriotic services of those who have been connected with the controlling Incidents of our country's history. Such contemplation cannot fail to reinforce and revive the sentiment absolutely essential to useful American citizenship, nor fail to arouse within us a determina- tion that during our stewardship no harm shall come to the political gifts we hold in trust from the Fathers of the Republic. It is because George Washington completely repre- s nted all the elements of American sentiment that every Incident of his life from his childhood to his death is worth recalling— whether it impresses the young with the beauty and value of moral traits, or whether it exhibits to the wisest and oldest an ex- ample of sublime accomplishment and the highest MEMOEIAL ADDEESSES AND AFTEE-DINNEE SPEECHES. 10 possible public service. Even the anecdotes told oi his boyliood have their value. I have no sympathy with those who in these latter days attempt to shake our faith in the authenticity of these stories, because they are not satisfied with the e video ce in their sup- port, or because they do not ssem to accord with the conduct of boys in this generation. It may well be that the stories should stand and the boys of the present day be pitied. At any rate these anecdotes have answered an important purpose ; and in the present state of the proofs, they should, in my opinion, be beheved. The cherry tree and hatchet incident and its companion declaration that the Father of his Country never told a lie have indelibly fixed upon the mind of maJiy a boy the imi>ortance of truthful- ness. Of all the legends containing words of advice and encouragement which hung upon the walls of the little district school-hous> where a large share of my education was gained, I remember but one, which was in these words : " G-eorge Washington had only a common school urge the money-changers from their sacred temple. You may be chosen to public office. Bo noit shrink from it, for holding office Is also a duty of citizenship. But do nOt leave your faith behind you. Every public office, small or great. Is held In trust for your fellow-oltlzens. They differ In imi)ortance, In responsibility and in the lahor they Impose; but the duties of none of them can be well performed If the mentorshlp of a good conscience and pure heart be discarded. Of course other equipment Is necessary, but without this mentorshlp aU else is insufficient. In times :>f gravest responsibility it will solve your difficiiltles ; in the most trying hour it will lead you out of perplexities, and it wlU at all times deliver yon from temptation. In conclusion let me remind you that we may all properly learn the lesson appropriate to Washington's Birthday, If we will; and that we sihall fortify our- selves against the danger of falling short In the dis- charge of any duty pertaining to citizenship. If being thoroughly linbuexi with true American sentiment and the moral Ideas which support It, we are honestly true fi ourselves. To thine ovm self be tnie. And its must follow n.«! t^'P nicht tlr^ dnv: Thou cans't not tlisn be fal-e to any man. 20 LlDbeaey of tribune extras. SPEECHES FOR BUSINESS MEN dinner or THE CHAMBER OF COMMERCE. ADDRESSES BY CHARLES S SMITH, SECRETARY FOSTER, BIHOP POTTER, WILIilAM L, WIL- SON, DR. BRIGGS, CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW AXD OTHERS. The 123d annual banquet of tiie Ckamber of Commerce .was held on Nov. 17, at Delmonico's. The assemblage was a large one, 250 covers being laid At 9 o'clock President Smith aroea and said : Gnentlemen : Tliis ovei-flowing gatheiring of repre- sentative business men, limited only by the accommo- dation of Delmonico's, gives evidence that tlie mem- bers of the Chamber value the social intercourse of tlie annual banquet, but the chief attraction is the Intellectual and educational part of th.e enter- tainment, for we always find among our hlanored guests the leaders of advanced thought and pubhc opinion, and this evening we are unusually favored in tliis regard. For the first time in tlie 123 years of its existence the Chamber has now a full complement of 1,00(J members, and it is a mat- ter of pai'doiiabJe pride that the list of memberslup comprises the most eminent names connected with the financial, commercial and industrial interests of this city, and in this respect the ancient and honorable traditions of the Chamber are well maintained. (Ap- plause.) If you will look at our roll you will arrive at the conclusion that there is no question atfecting the public welfare which can properly claim our attention that might not find an eft'ective and just solution if the power resident in tliis Chamber were only aroused and put in force. There is not a town or hamlet between Maine and the Golden G-ate, and from the Lakes to the G-ulf, that does not feel the pulsations of the great heart of New- York. The present and prospective condition of the sUver question has received, as you know, recently, the at- tention of the Chamber, and it is so important to the commercial interests of the country that it will have our continued thought and attention. (Applause.) There Is no doubt that the people of the Umted States are honest, and thev do not desire ^0 cents worth of silver to pass for 100 cents In the payment of debt. Even U the present parity between gold and silver should be maintained permanently, I am of the opinion that legislators, of wliatever party, who vote lor dishonest money, will in the end be repudiated by the people. (Applause.) It has been frequently predicted by men on both sides of the Atlantic that the City pf New- York will fiome day become the Hvorld's banldng depository, as London is to-day. It is histopicaUy trne, since the times of that great family of merchants, the Medici, •who, febsslsted by the Venetian merchants, made Venice the Bi'ide of the Sea. and the Mediterranean an Italian lake, that the European nation which, for the time being, controlled the trade witli the Orient, has at the same time assumed the first place in the world's commerce. Greographically the United States is cer- tainly in the best position to command and control the trade mth the Oriental world, and our wonderful increase of population and wealth points to the realiza- tion of this pleasing vision. (Applause.) Two things are absolutely necessary before this can be accomplished : First, we must make the world believe, beyond all possible doubt," that a gold dollar jdeposited in New- York can be repaid in (gold. Tliis is a question of character as well as finance, and it concerns the honor of tiifc American merchant. (Applause.) And second, we must have steamships sailing under the American flag to all of the world's commercial ports. (Applauae.) Commerce regulates exchange, and we cannot do the world's business permanently and profitably unless we can deliver the products of com- merce in our own steamers. The question of the enormous and increasing tide of alien immigrants into this country is one which demands tiie best thought of our statesmen and of all lovers of our country. The Bureau of Statistics at Washington ffives the number of alien immigrants Into this country from 1820 to 1855, Inclusive, as 4,212,624:, and the niimber of the same from 1856 to 1890, inclusive, was 11,188,566, making a total of 15,567,000. I do not believe that any man is able to say, at present, Just what restrictions, educational or other- wise, should be placed finally upon immigration, but certainly tlie question is a formidable one, and must have an equitable solution by the law-making power. (Applause.) I want to say a word or two regarding the govern- ment of our city. I believe in a far larger measure of home rule than we now have, and less interference with our municipal government by our Legislature at Albany. And I desire to suggest for your careful con- sideration tlie thought that our city charter should be so amended that our Boaixl of Aldermen could be selected, not exclusively from the districts in which they reside, as at present, but that any citizens re-, siding in New- York would be eligible for election to the Board. If tliis change could be effected, and we could go back to the same character of men, many of whom were members of tlie Chamber of Commerce, who composed the Board of Aldermen fifty yeai-s ago. It would be desirable to allow all questions which affected the local interest of the city of New- York, sfech as rapid transit, street railroads, docks and wharves, and the like, to be under the control ex- clusively of such a Board of Aldermen, extending to the Mayor the right of veto. We might then have reason to expect that the government of the city would be as good or as bad as we chose to have it, and the responsibiUty for ilhis result would fall directly upon the citizens. Gentlemen, there is a vacant chair at this table. It has for many years been occupied by a much loved friend vand honorary member of this Chamber. A voice which has cheered us with words of patriotic wisdom is stiU. I ask you, gentlemen, to fiU your passes and drink in silence to the memory of Gen- eral Sherman. SECEETAEY FOSTER The next speaker was Secretary Foster, who was received with loud cheering. He spoke as follows : Mr. President and Grentlemen of the Chamber of Commerce : To maintain " parity between gold and silver is the fixed policy of the Government," because we aU recognize its supreme importance. (Applause.) When we come to the question of what policy is the best to pursue to maintain this desired condition, serious differences of opinion arise. It is not my pur-pose, in the short time I sliaU occupy your attention, to undeHake an argument for or against any of the views that may be advanced by members of the Chamber of Commerce, or any official action it may determine to take. I can, however, refer to existing conditions that are, in my opinion, important factors in determining action upon this most delicate as weU as supremely important subject. If any body of men in the world ought to be practical in their undertakings, it is the Chamber of Commerce' of New*- York. They should be able to distinguish the practical things that can be accompUshted from the im- possible ideal which they would prefer. We are all compelled to admit that we have learned sometliing by the experience of the last sixteen years, even upon the subject of silver. Prior to 1880 we had many sound tliinking people, who be'Ueved that our financial structure should be based upon gold alone. It is prob- able that the Chlamber of Commerce held this opinion at that time. It is now agreed on all sides that gold alone furnishes too narrow a basis upon which to con- duct the money affairs of the world. Fifteen years ago, people of the East who were supposed to under- stand the question of finance indulged in prophecy as to the eval that would follow the coinage of $2,000,000 of silver per month. I voted for this measure, I confess, with misgivings. I now say frankly tbat if it had then been proposed to coin 300,000.000 of silver dollars in twelve and a half years, 1 would have voted " No, " and yet I did vote for the coinage of this vast sum of stiver dollars. Why would I have voted " No" ? Because I did not then believe that tlie parity of gold and silver could be maintained under such a large coinage of silver dollars. I was of this opinion largely for the reason that all the great financiers of the country— the Cham- ber of Commerce of New- York and the associated banks —held tliat the parity could not be maintained even with a smaller coinage of silver dollars. I could not resist such conclusions. Nothwithstandlng the doleful pre- dictions of eminent authorities, we have coined not only 300,000,000 of sUver dollars, but have reached MEMOETAL ADDEESSES AND AFTEE-DINNEE SPEECHES. 21 the sum of over 400,000,000. We have besides pur- chased about $70,000,000 worth of silver bullion at gold value .and paid for it by the issue of about $70,000,000 Of new Treasury notes, and yet the parity is maintained. Is there now living any man who would have been regarded as good authority on the subject who would have predicted that under such conditions the parity of the two metals would be preserved ? So, now, men whose intelligence and patriotism can- not be questioned, and whose purposes are the most exalted, are moved to indulge in gloomy forebodings over the present outlook, and propose, through the Chamber of Commerce and other agencies, to repeal tihe Act of July 14, 1890 (the present law authorizing the purchase of 4,500,000 ounces of silver per month to be pail in .new Treasury notes), hoping thereby to preserve tJie parity of gold and silver. ONEI EXPEiHENCE WITH SILVER. It is not my purpose to dispute this position; nor do I propose to n-ike myself the special advocate of the law as it stands. I do not propose to indulge in a prophecy as to wliat is to happen. I remember to have very carefully prepared in 1878 a speech on the •Uver question. I worked for weeks in digging out authorities from the library. When it was finally com- pleted I was proud of it. (Laughter and applause.) I had obtained the floor for one hour, in which time I expected to astonish the House by my familiarity with so great a subject, and as well with the wisdom of my conclusions. As the time approached for its dpiiv I began to tlilnk tliat perliaps it was after all the safer course for me not to make a speech. TMs latter notion prevailed; the speech was not delivered. (Laughter and app'ause.) Because of the knowledge of its exist- ence I And no fault with "The New- York Times" in its effort to belittle me. If that paper could have tlie speech to comment upon I think I would feel compellea to resifoi my office. (Laughter and applause.) This reference to myself is perliaps out of place in the dis- cussion of a very serious subject, but I mention it merely to call to mind the fact that many other gentle- men have not been so prudent as I have. It is -^k, ably true that no mm has written or spoken on this subject but who. in the light of our experience, has discovered that he was more or less in error. (Applause.) There is one very important factor in dealing with this ouestion which has not perhaps been wholly over- looked, but which has i^ot been appreciated to any such extent as it deserves. That is the enormous newer given by Congress to those in authority to deal with ohis question, backed by the almost incalculable resources of the greatest country on earth. The question now is, What policv, that is attainable (remembering all the time that the ideal is impossible) will result in the least strain upon our resources, and will require the least resort to the exercise of the extraordinarv p-^w- ers conferred upon those in authoritv to do what the law commands, viz., to maintain the parity of gold and silver ? FREiE COI2TAG:Ei WOULD DEBASE SILVER. In my opinion, with all of our power, natural and conferred by law: with all of our resources employed to their fullest extent: we could not maintain the parity of the two metals if the policy of free coinage of silver prevailed. (Applause.) I am firmly of the opinion that the parity of the two metals can be maintained under the present policy. We produce in this country about $30,000,000 of gold annually. Tlie present indications are that the bal- ance of trade Avith foreign nations for the next two years, and for a longer period if the present Tarilf laws are maintained, will require gold shipments to us to pay balanced in our favor. Under the present policy we buy 4.500.000 ounces of silver per month, paying for this purchase its value in new Treasury notes. Under such condittons the work of maintaiiilng the parity will not require an extraordinary exercise of power, or be a strain upon the resources of the coun- try. If, however, tlie balance of trade should turn against u:> to any great exoeiit, which to me seems quite improbable except in the event of extraordinary contingencies abroad, the strain would come: but even then iny faith in our resources is such as to compel me to believe tha^ we would wetither the storm and pre- sere the parity. /'Applause.) The shipment of more than $70,000,000 of our gold to Europe without embarrassment to us is onlv an illustration of the marvellous financial strength of this country, to which I have called attention. So, in my opinion, notliing short of an exceptionally large drain of gold is likely to produce a strain upon our resources in the effort to maintain the parity of gold and silver. (Applause.) But under free coinage silver would take the place of gold in settling balances. If the price of silver were advanced, from less than $1 to $1 29 per ounce all the silver for sale in the world would be attracted to this country. We would then have hundreds of millions of silver dollars added to the $408,000,000 we now have, and that, too, as fast as the mints could coin them. To maintain the parity under such condi- tions would be a task requiring more than our immense resources and the exercise of unusual power to the last degxee could supply. But with 4,500,000 ounces of silver only per month, purchased at its gold value, the task would be easy. (Applause.) THE PRACTICAL QUESTION. In my opinion, gentlemen, the practical question for you to consider is, which of these two policies Avill you prefer? I know you have expressed a desire for the repeal of the present law, and, as I understand, you do not propose a substitute of any Mnd; in other words, if you can have your way, you propose to per- mit silver to take care of itself. You have doubtless given your proposition the fullest possible considerar- tion. I am sure I do not mistake your wishes when I ex- press the belief that you desire that the parity of the two metals shall be maintained. This being so then,. E must also conclude that you have fully considered the effect on price that would follow the stoppage of the purchase of silver bullion by the Government, and if it should result in a large decline, that you have also fuUy considered the effect this would have toward increasing the burden of maintaining parity. I have not given much thought to tliis phase of the subject for the reason that I do not believe Congress will Indorse your views. But I think I can see clearly that if the Gov- ernment goes out of the market the price wiU decline ; perhaps it will be a large decline, in which case it seems to hae the task of maintaining the parity will be em- barrassing and ditticult. (Applause.) Believing that the good sense of the busiu'ess world must in the near future be brought into harmony with us in the proposition tliat gold alone is too narrow a base upon which to build the world's financial structure, I have much hope that the best judgment of all con- cerned will agree to a better and more extended use of silver, to be followed by international agreements, by which the parity of the two metals, upon an ac- cepted ratio, may be maintained. (Applause.) I feel quite safe in saying that one of the hindrances to an early agreement in the direction I have indicated is the belief in Europe that free coinage Is to be the policv of tills country. If this is to be our policy they " know that their silver vnll come to us, and that our gold will go to them. (Applause.) Is It not the part of wisdom for us to refrain from doing any tiling That will impair our abihty to preserve the parity? Convince Europe that we will not permit ourselves to fall in this respect, and an obstacle to- the agreement so much desired is removed. (Applause.) In what I have said I express the opinions of myself only ; whether they are of any value or not is for you and the country to judge. The position I occupy requires me, for the time being, to give my best thought and attention to this and kindred subjects. I am trying to consider, not the ideal, but the practical only. (Long continued cheers and applause.) BISHOP POTTEE'S WOEDS. This is the way in which the chairman intro- duced Bishop Potter : " Gentlemen : In these days of war of creeds and confessions, it is a mat- ter of congratulation tho,t we have at the head of a great historic Church in this city a man suited to the times— distiQg-uished in his high profession by conservative views and acts, he has adminis- tered the duties of his office in such a manner a* to command the respect of all men of all creeds^ I have great pleasure in introducing the Et. Eev. Henry C. Potter, Bishop of New Yorl--, who Will speak upon the subject, 'Circulation the Law of Wealth, as it is the Law of Commerce.' " Here is what Bishop Potter said : ^2 LIBEARY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. Grentlemen of the Cliamber of Commerce: In con- nection with another of our annual fes ivities— I mean that of tlie New-England Society— one of those well- worn jests wliich do duty on such occasions is what may be called the "joke of contrast." The eloquent orator whose theme remits him to the Landing of the Pilgrims takes Mr. Delmonico's menu for his text, and discourses with appropriate sarcasm upon ihe liardships of our New-England forefathers as appro- priately celebrated in the prodigal luxury of their de- scendants. It is a very instructive contrast, but not more so, I think, in any such connection than in this. Tiie New- York Chamber of Commerce— I do not know how old it Is, nor how rich— but if one could exchange this scene for one nearly three hundred years ago, when Hendrick Hudson came to these shores and laid tbe foundations, in his traffic with the upper Hudson, of your traffic with all the world, if, I say, one could for a few mo- ments exchange this assemblage and this New- York for liiat New- York, the contrast would certainly be impressive. Tlie first medium of exchange on these sliores, the historian tells us, was by means of wam- pum, or strings of shells ; and Professor Sumner would nave us believe that the white man soon showed his superiority in the use of tliis by counterfeiting tiie peri- winkles and clam-shells which w^ere the native cur- rency. This simply shows, if it is true— I can only hope that it is not— how early was developed in this country ihe instinct of debasing the currency by issues which were not really worth their face value. (Laugh- ter.) But whether our fathers were beguUed by such sophistries in earlier days or not, they would seem to have been tolerably secxu'6 from other temptations which are peculiarly the fruit of an age wiilch pre- sents no more impressive and suggestive contrast to the modest simplicity of earlier days than in its enormous accumulations of money. I propose, sir. In connection with the tlieme which you have assigned to me, to speak of this particular feature of our mod- ern situation, as it concerns especially those whom I address this evening. I fear I shall not be able to be funny, though I shall try not to be dull ; and in any case I know that I may count upon your coiirteous forbearance, even if I am unable to command your cor- dial sympathy. On the occasion of a very splendid banquet, given last winter by a very distinguished association, I have been told that so soon as the speak- ers ceased to be comic the guests not only ceased to be attentive, but also to be either silent or civil. Let me say that in an intercourse with this august body, extending now over a period of twenty years, I have myself had a very di?Terent and a much more agree- able experience. EXPECTING- OBJECTIONS. And yet I can anticipate objections to my text. Some one wiU say that it is a vain repetition. Com- merce, or the products of commerce, and wealth are interchangeable terms. "Of course," it may be said, "the end of comm.erf-e is circulation- -tliat 1 may get my neighbor's corn and that he may get my shoes and shirts and steel lails, and as tlie corn and the cotton must move, so the money must move, too." And this is quite true until we come to the element of profit. No man trades without ex- pecting that beyond a mere barter of commodities there shall be earned increment whicli shall be left over when the barter is done. AVhat, now, is he to do with that? "Well, he is to maintain himself and his witJi part of it. He is to enlarge his business,, if he can, with another part of it. He is to indulge himself and his in certain luxuries with another part of it. And then— if there is any remainder, he is to put that re- mainder away." Yes ; I answer within certain limits and for certain legitimate purposes. One may well get ready in fair weather for foul. There wi'l always come a rainv day, and one does not want to be cauglit out in It witliout an umbrella. Yes, again ; but how many umbrellas does he need? If he liates to lend hi^ umbrella, and knows that the wife of his bosom will incontinently steal his if he does not provide her witli one of her own, he will do wisely to get her one. and to see that it has a handsome silver handle. (Laughter.) And as witli the wife, so with the children ; an umbrel-a is cheaper than rheumatism, pneumonia or infiuensa, especially when you add in the doctor and the undertaker. In a word, "He that provjdeth not for his own house," as the Apostle puts it, "is worse than nn inlidol." But beyond that due and reasonable provision, what then? Ah, gentlemen, that is the question which confronts Americans to-day. We, in this land, have outei-ed upon a luce lor wealth to wiiich, I thiiUi, the past furnishes no parallel. "What is to be the end of it? I do .not mean in the wealth accumulated or the number of colossal fortunes which may be reckoned up, that will dazzle our modern world ; that is a ques- tion of the most infinitesimal consequence— but what will be the end of it in its influence upon personal character, first, and then upon the weU-being of the community, the State, the Nation? I shall not attempt to answer that question in de- tail, nor need I. There is nothing that I coidd tell you on this point that you do not know already, as well as or better than I. There cannot be great wealth without great temptations to indolence, to vice, to social and political corruption. There cannot be great wealth in idle hands— the hands of those who have not made or accumulated ii^-without an accentuation of tihese dangers. There are some people who are fond of pointing out the faimres of great benefactions— bequests, trusts, foundations and the like. Very well. Now I wish somebody would write a history of great accumulations and their post- humous influence on the virtue., usefulness and happi- ness of those to wliom they were passed on. It would be a very Instructive, and I apprehend rather a tragic story. ♦ WHERE THERE. WAS NO WASTE. And there is but one way to avoid its indefinite repetition, and that is to avoid the situation that pro- duces it. The science that, in connection with our vast ac- cumulations of wealth, needs just now to be most diligently studied is the science of redistribution. Do you tell me that tliere has been a great deal of foolish waste and misapplication in connection with the be- neficent redistributioITof money ? Yes, perhaps it may be so. But the Cooper Union was not a foolish waste. The Astor and Lenox Libraries were not a foolish waste. The Roosevelt and Sloane Hospitals have not been a foohsh waste. All over this crowded land you may find the traces of a wise beneficence that in, museums of art and science, in schools and colleges and refuges, has by some wise gift created a never ceasing well- spring of healing and sweetness and light. But the art of doing such things wisely and effectu- ally does not come by chance. People think that there is nothing easier than to give away money, especially if somebody is to do it I On the contrary, there are few things that are more difficult— that is, to do helpfully and well. And so the science of redis- tribution is one the study and the practice of which ought to begin -vyith the earliest beginnings of accumu- lation. It is just here that we have had some of our greatest failures and some of our greatest successes. I may not speak of the failures, but let me speak of one, at least, of tlie successes. Who that knows the life and work of the Cooper Union, and who that ever knew Peter Cooper, can fail to see that the fruitful ministry of the one was the logical and inevitable result of the sympathetic and painstaking forecast of the other ? And what an object lesson the two together mav well be to all of us ! Tliey say that the poor hate the rich: but nobody ever hated Peter Cooper, or begrudged him even his air-cushion I Men were glad he was rich, and gladder still that he tauglit olier men what to do with wealth. And this, gentlemen, is the lesson for wealth to learn to-day. As one looks at life, its aspect is most of aU interesting and prophetic at its beginning and at its end. The fine courage of youth, the noble ambition of acliievemen-t— ah ! what a chance tliere for the helping and encourag- ing hand of opulence. And then, tlie tragic failures of old age, the broken fortunes, the decaying powers, the disappointed hopes, what a beautiful opportunity there for tenderness, for magnanimity, for generosity. I may not indicate the channels. Here, gentlemen, are the fields through which the channels arr- to run. Go and make the channels for youi-selves. (Long and continued applause.) WILLIAM L. WILSON SPE.IKS. The president, on introducing William L. Wil- son, said : "The j?entleman wIlo will now addrei^ you is a personal and highly esteemed friend of many of our members, who oftBn enlivens the ?rIouse of Representatives with his sallies of wit and wisdom. I know you will be glad to listen to the Hon. WiUiam L. Wilson, of West Virginia, upon the subject of business men and lawmaldng.** MEAIOKIAJ. ADDEESSES ANI AFTEE-DINNER SPEECHES. 23 Mr. Wilson said in part : Wlien the Constitution was framed, and tlie time of the meeting of Congress was to he determined as between May and December, the convention was great- ly inliuenced in the selection of December by the statement of Oliver Ellsworth that as the members of both bodies of Congress would generally be con- nected iwith agriculture it would be an unfortunate season to compel them to leave their farms during the sTimm.er season. The farmer, however, has not thus far been chief among legislators. Up to the present time the men w^hO' have made laws have been generally American lawyei'S, and they li;ive falflUed tjieir duty with reasonable fidelity. One of the great j)Olitical parties through the work of a country lawyer placed on the statute books a law fliat could go about as far as possible in one direction and anotlier sought to put upon the statute books another law that was intended to go about as far as possible in the opposite direction. We are giving to the development of tliis great country all that knowledge and science and skill and invention which the world has accumulated in the past can apply. What have a people like tills to ask of this Government, especially of the law-making power? Chiefly, from the business point of view, "hands off!" Chiefly that the G-ovemment shall not interfere, but shall leave the people to work out their own material welfare. I do not think that we need a very large amount of law-making in this country. Perhaps I can say from my own observations in the House of Repressritatives that the country does not get the best that Congress could do because the members are afraid to do the best •they know how to do. It was Mr. Hamilton who said that the natural disease of free government was too -much legislation. It was Mr. Jefferson who said that under our system a law ought to be proposed a year In advance. We have projected ourselves very far into the principle of paternalism of government when we talk about the Grovernment providing business for jthe people. ADDEESS OF DE. BRIGGS. " Gentlemen," said tbe president, " I have now the pleasure of calling upon a distinguished pro- fessor, whose scholarly acquirements and great fame as a teacher and thinker have lent lustre to •one of our foremost educational institutions, the Eev. Dr. Charles A. Briggs, of the Union Theolog- ical Seminary, who will speak upon the subject ^of public education." Here is what Dr. Briggs had to say : Mr. President and Gentlemen : The subject upon ■wliich I was rectuested to address you may have several interpretations. Public education may mean educa- tion of the public, ediication by the public, or education for the public. The education -of the public is a theme long since worn threadbare. :Education by the public, whether at the public expense, •OP under the supervision of the ci\'ll authorities, or in iiccoi-dance with the average opinion of the community, Is a theme which. In some of its aspects, has no attrac- tions, in others is associated with many of the evils whicli now obstruct the educational advance of our nation. Let me ask you, therefore, to consider rather public education as meaning education for the public, ■for the public welfare, for the public service. The excellent Chaplain Sharp, in his proposals to ■establish a public library, a school, and a chapel in -our cit5% written March 11, 1712. (13,) says : " There is hardly anything wliich is more wanted in -this country than learning, there being no place I "know of in America where it is either less encouraged -OP regarded. This city is so conveniently situated for trade, and the genius of the people is so inclined for merchandise that they generally seek no other education for their children than writing and arithmetic." Happily our metropolis has, in many respects, out- gro'^\Ti these defects of its infancy ; and yet, relatively €peaMng, the educational institutions of our city have not received the support that tliSy had a right to ex- -pect from our citizens, until quite recent years , and a commercial education has been the prevailing idea :among us. The Rev. James Anderson, the first pastor of the Presbyterian Church In this city, writes to Prin- -cipal Sterling, of Glasgow, October 29, 1725, that he could not secure sufficient educational advantages for his children; questioning wliether, considering that he was so remote from Ms native land, his children at^EdSib* ^V^*^®^^'"* ^^ orphans in the Her^ot Hospital There Is, however, in the proposal of Mr. Sharp a quamt suggestion of a reason why public education did not thrive in our metropolis. He says, with re- gard to the citizens of New-York in his day : . •'• Let- ters must be in a manner forced upon them, hot only without their seeldng, but against their consent."* To this proposal we must take exception. > Pub- lic edncalion should lie so practical, so aduDtrd to the welfare of the people, so entwined with their Tife and interwoven with their hopes for themslves and their children, that they would seek it, and rather force their way to it than have it forced upon them. , THEl OIiD AND TETE NEW. The older education was so. theoretical, so specular tive, so abstract and apart from human life and wel- fare, that it did not thrive in commercial cities. It sought the quiet of fields and mountains, where, un- disturbed by the bustle and distractions of active busy life, it might muse in the mazes of abstract thought and leisurely unwind the skein of speculation. The older education was essentially monastic, and the birch was the most potent educator. The newer education does not retire from the world, it ratlier strives in every way to enter into the world and search out all the avenues in the realm of reality. It is intensely practical. It thrives best, therefore, in the great cities, where the heartbeats of the world's progress are more distinctly felt, and the circum- ference of knowledge extends with the outreachings of commerce. The greatest univori;ities of our dav are in those cosmopolitiin cities, Berlin and Vienna. The newer education should be conducted at the great centres of the world— at the heart of all its atfairs. (Applause.) Our Saviour tells us : " If any man willeth to do his will, he shall know of the teaching, whether it be of God, or whether I speak of myself." (Tohn vii, 17.) Knowledge of Christian doctrine cannot ad- vance far beyond Christian practice. Theory and practice should not be divorced. Of them It may be said: "It is not good that they should be alone.** They are helpmeets, created by God for one another. Herein is the chief difference between the old and the new theoloey. Tlie old theology is abstract, specix- lative, traditional. The new theology is concrete, practical and historical. The old theology regards dogma as more important than Ufe. The new theology does not depreciate dogma, but insists that it is true dogma only so far as it enters into life. All that mass of speculative dogma that has come down to us in the traditional schools is tested by the new theology, in order to ascertain whether it has tinith and reaUty about it. If it has not now and never has had any practical value in the evolution of Christian life, if it has not been an education for the welfare, the prosr perity, the increase of Christ's Church, ths> criticism of the new theology gives it over to the owls and the bats. The new theology is a real theology, it ap- propriates all that is real and true in the old. It discards all that is mere speculation or mere tradition. Doctrine and I'lfe are mamed, and tliey look for healthy, vigorous chUden in a revived churcli, a re- formed society and a transformed world. (Applause.) So the new education has been obliged to use the fires of criticism upon all that mass of cnide, undigested speculation that has come down in the tradition of the schools in order to destroy the illusions and delusions, the conceits and fancies and falsehoods that have so long deceived our fathers. There is no real peril in this 1 house-cleaning, for when the rubbish is cast out into the fire, any grains of the precious gold that may be mingled with it will shine all th^ brighter In the fire. Truth is indestructible. It Is mighty, and it will pre- vail oveP every force and every obstacle. WHAT TE-UTH IS UKE. The cabalistic book of Sonar gives a parable to Illustrate the approach of truth to man. Tnith is a beautiful woman, who first gives a gentle hint which none but a true lover can discover; next she whispers througli a thick veil that hides her entire form ; then she converses through a thin veU which discloses the outlines of -her beauty ," at last she shows her glorious face and tnti'usts him with the secrets of her heart. The modern student is not content to accept truth In abstract propositions, in obscure and indefinite hints ; he Is not content with truths veiled by thin or thick dis- 24 LIBEAHY OF TRIBUNE EXTEAS. guises. His love for trath is so intense, Ms quest is so peiNsistent laacL irresistible, tliat lie readies after lier, grasps; lier iu Ms arms and clasps lier to Ms lieart, as m.e bride at lis borne, tbe companion and inspiration ol his daUy life. (Applause.) That ancient book, caUed the '' lastruction of Wis- dom." gives us excellent advice in public education; Wisdom crietli aloud in the street . She uttereth h-^r voice in the bioad places ; isiie crieth iu the chief places of concourse; At the entering in of the gates, In the city, she ,uttereth her words."— (Ptov. 1, 20-21. Public education wiU never attain its ideal until it becomes so practical, so intensely interested in every department of human life and conduct, that the voice of tile educator Avill be hetird in tlie chief places of public resort, in the gi^eat cities, m the cosmopolitan cities, speuldng the master words that will be for the piiblic welfare, lor the public guidance in all the mani- fold details of modern hfe. (Applause.) if public educate! on siiould be practical and aimed directly at public welfare, then self-culture is not the most important thing. Public education is for the public. Our Saviour gives us a helpful word here, also. He told His a»postles whom He had chosen to educate His church: '•'Whosoever would save his life shall lose it; and whosoever shall lose Ms life for My salve shaU find it.'"— (Matthew xvi, 25) Jesus teaches that the educators ol the hlngdom of Christ must sacri- fice themselves in the public weal of the lunedom : that self- education can only be gained in the Mngdom of heaven by seeMng, above aH, the welfaie of the Christian public. Is thi s not true of all education ? Is not public wel- fare the aim of it all ? No man can be a true teacher in any department who does not give himself freely and fuUy to Ms pupils, who does not impart to them of his spirit, of his nervous energy, of his vital powers, as well as the contents of his mind and heart. No in- stitution of learning can fulQl its pui-pose which aims mei'ely at its own advancement m wealth and external prosperity, in the number of its students or in the ex- tent of its influence. It accomplishes its service to the public only by giving of its w^ealth of knowledge, of its vital energies, of its invigorating forces to the city in which it is situated, the community of wMch it forms a part, keeping in view the welfare of the Na- tion and our common humanity. No institution of learning is entitled to the name of university which does not aim at least at the comprehension of the entire circle of human knowledge in its course of in- struction, and keep in mind the welfaie of the uni- verse of God. (Applause.) WHAT IT iSHOTJIiD EMBUACOE. A university is a much greater and grander tMng tham is commonly supposed. It should embrace the classical and the scientific courses of the oolliege, aU the professional schools, law, medicine and theology and the training of teachers. It should embrace schools of art and of music, of political science, and of commerce and trade. It should embrace all the circle of human welfare. It needs museums fiUed with specimens from all departments of nature and art; and great hbraries stored with manuscripts, tracts and printed books that will mount up beyond the second million, telMng the history of the world and man. Such universities can only be in the great cosmopolitan cities of the world. In those vast centres of population where millions of human beings are assembled from all nations and kindreds and tongues, and whose commercial interests are oo -extensive with the globe. What city is there that is more suitable for such a university than New- York? (Applause.) The citizens of New- York have done nobly in recent years in enlarging our institutions of learning. The Museum of Ajrt and the Museum of Natural History are among the most hopeful parts of public education in this metropolis. The influence of such museums upon public life is incalculable. We need a great conserva- torv of music. We stiU need a great public library. Our colleges and professional schools, so ex- cellent under their present management, working to- gether with such general harmony and good spirit, one and all need enlargement in order to enable them to cope with the vast problem of pubUc education. And, In some way, all these institutions should be federated in a university. No other city in the world has, at the present time, more students pursuing the work of higher education. The difficulty Is that these are' scattered in a number of Institutions, no one of which has sufficient teachers, ade- quate buildings, or the apparatus needed to do Its en- tire work. It is still necessary for advanced students in most departments to resort to the universities of the Old World for higher education. If the citizens or New- York with one heart and mind would raUy about the educational institutions of our city already estab- lished, and bmld them up with the energy and zeal ol which they are capable, we might, ere long, anticipate that we would have a university. Indeed, one that would come measurably in line with our ideal, one that would train our cMldren lor all the varied departments of human lile and work ; one that would be the pride of our metropolis and the fountain of blessing to the city, the Nation and the woTld. (Applause.) WHAH? IiS NEEDED. One of tlite most discouraging features in public edu- cation in America is the prevaiUng opinion that public education Is sufficient If it aim to prepare the average citizen for Ms duties, and that tha higher education is only for the few, and can be left to the few. No country has produced more men of native geMus than tMs country, in the brief period of our Mstory. But we- have produced very few great scholars, very, very few leaders in human thought. In tMs respect we have been content to follow thie thought of the old world, at a considerable distance in the rear. Our great men; have too often lacked that Mgher education wMch they needed to do their work as leaders, thoroughly and well.. Thie greatest danger that stares us in the face as a Nation, is the lack of competent leaders. We have an enormous population of men and women wh!o have a common school education, but when we ascend into the Mgher reaches of thought and ask where are the leaders, thte gmdes, the educators of the masses, we are filled with dismay. ^. ^ a. . j-u^ Grenius is a gift of God, a native endowment of the few- but these few need training in order that their jremus may not be ill-used or wasted, but employed at Its best for the welfare of man. How can our great men be trained except in great institutions of l^arn- Vns where it may be possible to climb to the highest, reaches of human thought and undergo that patient,, persistent, comprehensive and exact discipline that will enable them to accomplish the gi-eatst ^vork of human skill'? (Applause.) Public education rises like a pyramid, layer upon layer of diminishing extent, until the height is reached in the apex. The foundations and lower course do not make a pyramid. The upper layers and the apex are necessary. Have we not thought too excMsively of training the masses and too little of the public edu- cation of the leaders of these masses ? There are times in the Mstory of every nation when a master of af- fairs a king of men, is more important for the public weal than a million of ordinarv citizens; when the lack of competent leaders is disastrous to the- whole community. Who, then, will say that it may not be as important to train the leaders as to tram the masses ? Upon these few will depend the welfare- of the great multitude :"nd their education is as truly Dublic education, education for the public weal, as the education of the multitudes themselves. The ancient W'0£ the factory or tlie farm of which we have a sjLirplns: and that parity of silver and gold shall be maintained in such a way that both metals will be used to the utmost extent that the product of our mines shall itliji-d, but that in the Treasury there shall be always enough of both to keep the silver equal to the gold and the promise of the Grovornment upon its paper equal to gold. (Prolonged applause.) A WELCOME TO MR. EEID. WAEM WOEDS OF FEIENDSHIP, EESPECT AND ADMIRATION. MEN OF BOTH PARTIES AND MANT PROFElSSIONS GIVE HIM A CHARMING- DINNER^ELOQUENT AND WITTY SPEECHES BY CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW, SECRETARIES FOSTER AND ELKINS, COI.. M'CIiURE, ST. CliAIR M'KELWAY, MR. REID AND OTHERS. The Ohio Society of New-York entertained Whitelaw Eeid, United States Minister to France, at a dinner at Delmonico's on April 9. It was a a welcome home on the part of natives of Mr. Eeid's own State, who. like himself, have gravi- tated eastward and made New-York City their permanent abode. It was a thoroughly representative gathering, and the greeting extended to their princip'il guest was •of the most cordial character. There were more than 250 covers laid, and the tables were set in the big dining hall. The table of honor extended on one side of the room, north and soutli, and there were six other tables arranged at right angles to it and designated by the first six letters of the alphabet. The room was simply decorated, the principal feature being the coat-of-arms of Ohio, with the French colors on one side and the United States flag on the other, the group entirely covering the front of the orchestra gallery. The Lotos Club contributed for the occasion ■the bronze bust of Mr. Eeid presented to that organization by Norman W. Kingsley, and this occupied a place against the wall opposite the table at which their delegation was seated. These consisted of Frank E. Lawrence, president ; John Elderkin, secretary ; S. S. Packard, Dr. E. F. Hoyt, Jfi. F. Phelps, Dr. Louis L. Seaman, Eobert E. Bon- ner, G. W. Monroe, E. B. Harper, W. P. Phillips, Uriah Welch, Chester S. Lord, E. C. James, James M. Ashley, jr., Stanley N. Cohen, George H. Jones, F. P. Morris, F. A. Burnham, John W. Vrooman, -N. W. Kingsley, William Lloyd and Carson Lake. The Lotos Club had made special application to the Ohio Society to be represented in this tribute to Mr. Eeid, who had been for years president of their own organization, and the request was promptly and courteously granted. It was shortly after 7 o'clock when the guests -entered the dining hall. Previously, Mr. Eeid had been closely occupied in one of the par- lors shaking hands and receiving the greetings of those who had not met him since his return. Colonel W. L. Strong, the presi^ dent of the society, was not there, owing to tlie enfeebled and precarious condition of his venera- ble mother, though a seat had been reserved for him at the table of honor until the last moment, in the hope that he might be able to come. Gen- eral Wager Swayne, formerly president of the society, was chosen to act in Colonel Strong's official capacity and as such he escorted Mr. Eeid to his scat, and they were followed by the other invited guests, with escorts. At the right of Gen- eral Swayne sat Mr. Eeid, and by his side Secre- tary Elkins, and at the left of the presiding officer sat Secretary Foster, with Chauncey M. Depew at his side. Others at this table were Thomas Ewing, Charles A. Dana, George W. Childs, Colonel A. K. McClure, D. O. Mills, Viscount Paul d'Abzac, French Con- sul-General at (New- York; Murat Halstead, St. Clair McKelway, Ballard Smith, Warner Miller and Frank E. Lawrence, president of the Lotos Club. BEGINNING THE SPEECHMAKING. Promptly at 9 o'clock General Swayne rapped for order. Addressing those assembled, he said : Gentlemen, tJiere once was a time, as you re- member;, when Horace Greeley signalized himself by forcibly saying to a young man from Ohio, "Come East, young man; come East" (Laughter.) And thereupon our distinguished and most welcome guest moved from Cincinnati to New- York, as more or less of you have since ienjoyed the privilege of doing. (Laughter.) In due time his beneficont activities led him to be one of the founders of this Society, which, With such singular pleasure, this evening welcomes him home from a distinguished and valuanie career ia the foreign service of his country. (Applause.) If it be true, and It may be so, that this night the great soul of Horace Greeley contemplates our meeting here, we may be sure his benediction mlmgles with our own. (Applause.) This is not the place, gentle- men, to recount our guest's achievements abroad. It is rather the place where we should cherish him at home. It is enough to say that his going abroad at the time of the great Exposition in France was provident, m that he went as the ambassador and the forerunner of his countrymen abroad. His coming liome is provident In the same sense, for no man could be so truly the forerunner of those Frenchmen whom we expect to welcome here, and at no man's hands would they so thorougtily era joy the welcome which we Imow they would receive. (Applause.) It i^ Auld Lang Syne peculiarly for this company^ as you know. It is a long time now since the educa- tional interests of Ohio began to recognize the gi-ad- uate of Miami, and afterward rejoiced when he became the Regent for life of the university system of New- York. (Applause.) But oh, how much deeper and stronger the feeling that grew when the patriotic Im- pulse and anxiety of Ohio, during tlie war, learned to rely upon the man who could be fearless without anger, candid without accusation, and always fearless and yet trutlrful. (Applause.) When the capillary power of a great city brought him here to voice its gi'eat opinion, the people of Ohio Imew that a great city had justified itself, and great sentiments were after this to be part of the power of the press in the city of New- York. (Applause.) Be- yond that I sliall follow him into his public history no further. It reminds one of what Webster said of Massachusetts and its history, the world knows it by heart. (Applause.) MEMOEIAL ADDRESSES AND AFTER-DINNER SPEECHES. 27 Only one single defect. I was reading to-night the •speech at Paris, in which he said that he went abroad for recreation. (Laughter.) One cotdd have told he was no prophet, from the honor he enjoys at home. (Laughter and applause.) He said in that speech also, gentlemen, that not having found recreation abroad, he was now coming home for recreation. (Applause.) Do you think that that is a fresh illustration of his pro- j[>hetic powers? (Laughter.) Gentlemen, to dweU further upon Mr. Reid or his acliievements would be simply keeping you from him. I invite you, gentle- men, one and all, from your hearts, to drink to the Hon. WMtelaw Reid. (Applause and cries of " Ohio to the front r') Gentlemen, Mr. Reid. WHAT MR. REID SAID. When General Swayne finished, all a;ssembled ^rose and drank the health of Mr. Reid with en- thusiastic cheers, which were continued while he stood upon his feet before beginning to speak. Throughout his remarks the more serious al- lusions were applauded and merriment followed the livelier portions of his address. This is what he said : Mr. Chairman : No greeting could touch me more profoundly than this. No words could go straighter to my heart than yours ; and when I remember what honor your father brought our State, and at what a price you yourself have served her and the Nation, I «,m doubly glad that, in the regretted absence of its President, it is by your voice the Ohio Society receives tne back. This is indeed an ideal welcome. It gives tlie first hand-grasp from the Metropolis which is our home •and our pride; and at the same time It carries me really home— to that fairest of lands that lies be- tween the lakes and the beautiful river— to the dear, gracious mother of us all. When she stretches out her hand, the joy of return is complete. No other applause can ever be so sweet to a man as that which comes from those who have kno\vn him •earliest and longest. Better, to many a tired man of the world, the cheer of his native village than more stately honors from the most powerful of communities. Believe me, IVIr. Chairman, in retiring from public ■office there of>n be no compUment more grateful tlian an assurance like this with which you honor me to-night, that your old friends and neighbors have not been ashamed of you. And next, it is pleasant to be made to feel once more that those to whom you weire sent 'wore not tired of you. Two weeks Sugo, at a banquet like this, I had the "honor to say good-bye to the high members •of the French Government, and to representative Frenchmen who were land enough to say they were sorry to have me go. To-night I find my friend, the Viscount d'Abzac, representating the same Gf)vernment here, to add another grace to the warmth of this most charming of greetings to a returning townsman. In the large banqueting hall of the Continental, In trying to express to the great American colony and to the Frenchmen about me the conflicting emotions by which I was possessed, I told the simjple truth in saying that whUe I was eager, even to home- sickness, In my desire to get back to New- York, I •did not in tbe least want to leave Paris. Wlio that lias ever passed under the spell of the City of Light— the one city of the world— can fail to understand or to sympathize with the truly Irish perplexity? Wlio tliat has ever known France or the French will not join with me in urging the duty, not merely of p9rpetual friendship, but of the warmest appreciation for that fascinating and cliivalric people who have for many centuries commanded the admira- tion or tlie wonder of the world, and who are now well entered on the second century of an unbroken and most helpful friendship for us. I never met a French- man, from the Elysee or the Faubourg St. Germain to the forests of Auvcrgne, wlio did not, as soon as he found I was an American, receive me without question as a friend. We shall see more of them here during the next j'ear; and I hope every American to whom the opportunity may come wUl exert himself to make them feel as much at home among us as we have always made ourselves and been made at home among them. NOT UNAIiliOYED PLEA.SURE. Those of us who have entered the fifties have learned that there is no great happiness in this world without attendant pain. To-night the joy of coming back is marred by finding such gaps in your ranks. The num- bers, to be sure, are not dimtaished ; but, ah ! what faces we miss. I cannot speak in the Ohio Societj'^ after a tliree years' absence \vithout one word of tender and reverential regard for the memory of your greatest member. Rough on the surface, sometimes, as a chest- nut burr, but always sweet and tender inside as the nut; that is the man as one loves to recall him. We had occasionally the sharpest diflerences of opinion, and yet, from my early manhood till he said good-bye to me on sailing, he had honored me with his friendship. Not a syllable do I care to utter to-night of his public career. The world has long known that by heart. I only wish, as I recall the kind parting and the kinder messages and letters sent over seas, and as I Gow note the vacant place, to pause before it for a moment, and salute the mighty sliade. Wliat glories the future may have in store for the Ohio Society we know not, but the past., at least, is secure. We have had William Tecumseh Sherman. We have had another, too, whose absence strikes sadly on a returning son of the State. He liad guided the finances of the country through a most critical period— Ohio has liiad a specialty of great finance min- isters, from Ewing and Chase and Sherman to Foster. He had acliieved a brilliant success. Mr. Windom stood to the financial world as the champion of sound measures and as the pledge of National solvency and faith and honor; and in that moment, in a supreme effort, he fell. Wheo in a foreign land I read the story, grief tor the great loss was almost swallowed up in pride for the splendid end this son of Ohio had made. There is no occasion to-night to call the roll M oir OhiD worthies. We have never been charged, eve'^i by our worst enemies, with ever neglecting the duty to celebrate ourselves. But perhaps you will permit me a single reminiscence. On one of the last orcasions when I had the opportunity to act In thie office with which you honored me as Vice-President of the Ohio Society, I found an occasion, in presenting to you a gentleman who had been recently dropped from the Senate, and had thereupon described himself as a " dead statesman," to point out that, nevertheless, he tiad in him the material for an uncommonly live President. Well, gentlemen, I haven't yet seen the necessity oi apologizing for any mistake made in that prediction as to the future of that particular member of this Society. Now it is said that the other party Is looking about for a candidate. But why should it have the slightest difficulty? Here is thie first President of the Oliio Society ready to its hand, statesman liimself, and the son of a statesman ; and although he has the proverbial shyness of both the politician and the lawyer, I will undertake to be responsible that he will answer quite soon after his name is caUed. And if, for any reason, that name of Ewing is not called. 28 L.IBRAP.Y OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. then in the language of my friend, Mr. Bennett, 1 would like to kuow, "Why not Calvin S. Brice?" Two States claim Mm; and he is bright enough for the whole forty-four. THE SON OF ALIi AMERICA. It has been sometimes said that there are two Mnds of men in this country ; those wlio were born in Ohio, and those who wish they liad been. A brilliant example of the latter class is with us to- night; and very pleasant it is for tired eyes to rest on the familiar features of tliis prince of orators and of good fellows. His genius and versa- tility have accomphshed wonders in the way of acquiring nationaUties ; but this is a shin- ing heiglit he has not reached. He has, on a hundred occasions and to the entire satis- faction of thousands of auditors, announced himself as 0, Dutcbman, a. Puritan, a Huguenot, a Scotchman, a native of Peekshill, and a bit of an Irishman. But he lias missed the crown. He was never born in Ohio— and now I am afraid he never will be. Nevertheless, the Ohio man continues to be preva- lent. In the present Cabinet, for example, out of the eight members, four of them are from Olilo— and two of them are here to-night to explain the circum- stance. Wlien these four Cabinet officers vote to- gether, and the President joins with them, the rest of tlie concern must feel lonely ! Mr. President, I forbear. The trend of feeling seems to be toward levity. And yet nothing could be further from my purpose. I am most happy to find myself so thorougl)ly at home— so completely surrounded by those I know the best and prize the highest. I am most grateful for the care which has assembled here so many whom it is a pride and a pleasure for me to meet again— Howells, almost the oldest and certainly one of the dearest of my friends, with whom I lived in the same house nearly a tMrd of a century ago, when he paid his board out of a salary of -SIS a week, and I out of one a good deal less ; Ward, who made statues in those days, while we made newspaper articles, and wliose early wares have lasted better; the gentlemen of my own profession ; Mr. Childs, who is the friend of all of us ; I see beside Mm in most amicable conversation a man whose name is identified with the history of journaUsm in the United States and peculiarly identifled with two newspapers, one of which I have the honor to control and the other of which is one of my most dangerous rivals. (Ap- plause and laughter.) Colonel MCClure and Mr. McKelway, who lend to the wrong side such potent and persuasive pens ; my old master in the newspaper business, Mr. Richard Smith, and my old opponent, Mr. Murat Halstead; Mr. Gilder, who has made one of the most successful magazines in the world; the delegates of the club which for fourteen years endured me as its president ; these representatives of the Government, National, State and city ; and this whole brilliant and imposing assemblage. I am touched beyond words that you should have shown me this kindness— I am happy to have escaped in apparent safety from public service and to be received among you again ; and I close as I began, witli a heartfelt ex- pression of my profoundest and most grateful thanks. As Mr. Rei(i resumed his seat, the entire as- semblage again arose and cheered him lustily for several minutes. Mr. Reid's pleasantries directed toward Mr. Ewing caused that gentleman to blush, but with- out embarrassment. His allusions to President Harrison were heartiljr cheered, as were also those of Mr. Elkins, in the course of that gen- tleman's address. His reference to Mr. Blaine, who it was hoped to the last moment would be- present, excited great applause. Then General Swayne said : Gentlemen— Mr. Reid's description of brilhant Paris- will enable us to understand the saying, now iDug prev- alent, that good Americans do go there when they die. (Laughter.) The peculiarity of Mr. Reid's experience Is that his inherent excellence has secured for Mm a. brief translation in advance. (Laughter.) It is tho triumph of Ms human sympathies, thank God, sur- viving, that has brought Mm h:)me again. In pre- senting Mr. Reid to you, I was not unmindful of the- fact that he had been our country's Minister to France. I shrank from entering (until he introduced it) on that long-time connection, with whioh^ you are famihar, between the early history of Ohio and the sympatMes of Prance. But this is no place for history. It is rather a place- for memory. The distinguished gentleman has re- minded us of Sherman, and he has reminded us of Windom ; and perhaps what he has said reminds you that both those names are memories of this room. Only three days ago, and here in this room, that other great Sherman told us the wonderful Mstory of his- brother who has departed ; and it was In this room that Mr. Windom fell. And so, one might go on through all those incidents. It is no wonder that they bring- up Pi'esidential suggestions. The names of Sherman and of Ewing bring up that story, which we all know,, of how when General Sherman was urged to accept a nomination for the Presidency, he replied: "No; I am a soldier; take my brother John. If you don't want my brother John, there is my brother-in-law,. Tom." (Applause.) I remember, too, those days, for I was in Columbus then, when Quincy Ward, WMte- law Reid and William Dean HoweUs were living in one house. The most Mstoric incident, perhaps,, that Mr. Reid spoke of, was tlie fact that by a happy accident, or by the litness of tMngs, as you may prefer to call it, it was in this room that the first mention was made, or the first suggestion, that Ben- jamin Harrison ought to be President of the United States. (Great ai»plause.) His sympatMes are with us now. I wish we had Mm here. (Applause.)- We have him not, but we have here a ranking: member of the Cabinet to represent Mm, the Hon. Charles Foster, the Secretary of the Treasury, who- will now address you. (Great applause.) MR. FOSTER FOR THE CABINET. Secretary Foster had a hearty reception, ancf showed evident signs of improved health since he lost spoke in the same hall at the dinner of the St. Patrick's Society. He said : Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen of the OMo Society ol New- York : If I have paid my dues I am a member of tills society, and I am not quite certain about that» (Laughter.) I base been a member from the begin- ning, but it has never been my pleasure to attend one of your banquets before. I am here to-night the rank- ing officer of President Harrison's Cabinet, to testify to you of the great success of Minister Reid in the discharge of liis duties at the Court of France. (Ap- plause.) Minister Reid has had considerable to say about Ohio. We never forget to glorify ourselves; but while I was Governor, that was for four years, I was called upon many times to respond to the toast of the State of Ohio. It began to be irksome ; I found myself repeating, and I went into a study of the reasons why Ohio people had so singularly and beyond all other States of the Union distinguished them- selves. (Laughter.) Upon examination of the State I found a peculiaar MEMOEIAL ADDEESSES AND AFTEE-DI^'NEE SPEECHES. 29 coudition of things, conditions that exist in no other State. Our manufacturing, our agriculture, our mercantile and mining interests exist there in about equal proportions, while in no other State do these conditions exist in any such proportions. New- York -ajid New-England are largely financial and manu- facturing ; Pennsylvania manufacturing ; the South and West agriculturaJ. Now all these grejit forces operating upon tiie minds of the people of Ohio so equally produce a level-headed set (applause and laughter) ; while in New- York and New-England, these forces not operating equally produce a lopsided faculty. (Laughter.) Our institutions are peculiar. We believe them to be the best of any country on earth; certainly here every man, be he rich or poor, has an equal chance in the race of life. We believe In rotation in office. (Applause.) Mr. Reid— But not now. (Laughter.) Mr. Foster— No, not just now. (Laughter.) We have no class of people, perhaps we may get some in the Civil Service, who hold office for life. In other countries, especially In the diplomatic service, the diplomats and the people who perform that duty are trained from boyhood and remain in that service all their life. In this country we pick up our diplomats frpm our lawyers, froja our merchants, from our news- i)aper men, and we send them abroad to discharge this duty. Now, I undertake to say that from Benjamin FranMin down to the present time our diplomats have been as able, have been as successful, and I think more so, in the discharge of these duties than the trained men of other countries. (Applause.) And I think, my friends, that one of the finest illustrations that we have of the success of the newspaper fraternity exists in that of Mr. Reid. (Enthusiastic applause.) There was much applause at the close of Secre- tary Foster's remarks, and the enthusiasm con- tinued lor some time after he had taken his seat. Then General S^^ayne introduced Secretary Elkins in the following remarks : Gentlemen : It may be necessary to suggest to some of you who die uot come irom Ohio— it may be as weU to call your attention just here to Mr. Re'id's extreme •veracity and carefulness of truth In this, that when he was attempting to explain liow it was that the bronzes of Mr, Ward had outlasted tlie correspondence of Mr. Reid himself and the sonnets of Mr. Howells, tie said that it. was because the bronzes were drier than the other two, and not because they had more brass. (Laughter and applause.) The distinguished Secretary of the Treasury reminded me this evening tiiat his busi- ness -was with figures and facts, and not with speaking. I cannot say that there came in to my mind then the celebrated adage which prevails among lawyers, tihiat there is nothing so misleading on earth in figures as facts (laughter) ; but 1 was very sure that when he came to speak what we should have would be the truth of facts with the exactness of figures ; and we all agree precisely and unqualifiedly with him in the estimate of the foreign services of Mr. Reid which he teUs us are entertained by the Administration. (Ap- plause.) But he has not sung tlie whole praise of Mr. Reid, nor are we tired of hearing from the Administra- tion about Mr. Reid, and I therefore have renewed Pleasure in calling up before you the Secretary of War, the Honorable Stephen B. Elkins. SECEETAEY ELKINS ALSO. Mr. Elkins spoke as follows: Mr. Chairman and Members of the Ohio Society : I am glad the honor has come to me, as a member of the Ohio Society, to take part In this splendid re- ception and expression of respect and regard for a feUow-member, who, by his ability in the untried field of diplomacy, has gained new laurels and added to his fame and distinction in this and other lands. (Applause.) I am not permitted, in what I have to say, to dwell on the story of the llie of our distinguished guest, nor io speak of the imhindered succession of triumphs wliich has marked his career in everything he has undertaken. All this has, happily, been intrusted to safer hands. I am allowed, however, on behalf of the Administration, of which I am a humble member, and which our guest has done so much to make popu- lar and respected at home and abroad (applause), to perform the most pleasing duty, I am sure, that will fall to me while in office, of saying to you, Mr. Min- ister Reid, in this presence, that the Chief Executive and those associated with him in administering the affairs of this great Republic send you words of cordial greeting and a warm welcome on your return home. (Hearty applause.) You went abroad, taking with you the esteem and affection of many of the leading men of your country. You had already risen to distinction and your name, your ability and your varied accomplishments were vvidely known and appreciated. You return decorated with the confidence apji approbation of the two lead- ing Republics of the world by reason of your great services to both. (Applause.) There is a fitness in what we are doing here this evening. Otir guest aided in organizing this Society, wliich honors itself in honoring him. Here he is at home, surrounded by the loyal sons of Ohio, among whom are many of his truest and best friends, proud of him and proud of his achievements. It will be remembered by many here that at the first annual society of this Society the distinguished gentleman, now President of the United States, was an invited guest. (Applause.) General Ewing was then the worthy head of the Society. Our guest, then vice-president, in fitting and graceful terms caUed on General Harrison to respond to a sentiment, and In his remarks ventured to suggest that It was among the possibilities that another Harrison might some day fill the Presidential chair. Prom this happy allusion, some members of the Ohio Society claim they saw in the speaker as he responded, with that clear- ness, power and strength which always characterize his graceful oratory, what his countrymen later on discovered, that he was fitted for the high oflBce of President, and to which by their choice he was soon after elevated. (Applause.) A TRIBUTE TO THE PRESIDENT. As Ohio men, we are proud of our Ohio President. (Cheers for President Harrison.) He enjoys the con- fidence of his countrymen everi'where. He has shown to the country and the world, in point of mtegrity, in- tellectual force, power of administration and ability to deal with large and difficult questions, that he will stand among the first of the great Pi-esidents of the Repubhc. (Loud applause.) It may be a matter of historic interest to some, surely to this Society it is a source of piide. that the State of Oliio lias given to tliis Administration the President and fom* members of Ills Cabinet, an event not likely to occur again in the liistory of any State in the Union. (Cheers for Oliio.) In the long future history will busy itself with our guest's name. It -will attempt to tell us what he did and what manner of man he was. Among other things, I am sure it will set down that his home was always open to his friends, and the strong men of his time gathered there. Oftentimes might be seen In his library the leading men of Ms party, meeting to dis- cuss Its policy, among them the mightiest names that adorn the history of our country. There have been seen at these gatherings James G. Blaine (great and enthusiastic applause), Chatmcey M. I>epew (applause), WlUlam M. Evarts (applause), Warner Miller, (ap- plause). Prank HIscock (applause), and maiiy others that I might name. 30 LIBEARY OF TEIBUNE EXTEAS. At anotlier time, under his liospitable roof miglit be seen the I'opresentative journalists of tlie country, and at another the great business men of the metropolis, and at anotlier the leading people in literature and art. All welcome, all at home, and the host easy and at nome with all. (Applause.) The Administration rejoices In Mnister Reid's suc- cess. His services to Ms country in his high ofBce are among its best assets. The great Secretary under whom he served (applause) regrets that he is de- tained at Washington and prevented from joining in this reception. He could and would tell you, were he here, with what abUity, zeal and satisfaction to lilm Mnister Reid always discharged his duties, and the beneficial results he secured for his country. (Ap- plause.) May I not hope that it is withia the' permission of good taste to add, in all the good things said of our guest to-night, that the Ohio Society has not for- gotten, and can never forget, his gifted, cultured and charming wife, known to so many of us, who has done so much to make his home one of the most attractive in all this land, and who has aided him largely in his progress toward success and preferment here and abroad; and to her, returning to us again, the sons of Ohio gathered here to-night extend a most hearty welcome and greeting. (Prolonged applause and cheer- ing.) MR. DEPEW'S ELOQUENCE. General Swayne then introduced Cliauncey M. Depew in tlie following liappy style : It is part of the singular good-fortune of Ohio, and particularly of OMoans in New-York, that if ever those results which seem traceable to the mingling on one soil of many p€tple in Ohio, and the development thereby of many-sided excellencies of individual char- acter, if ever those influences or those results threaten to impinge upon the braces of diffidence and the virtue of Ohio modesty (laughter), they encounter a check at once In the more manifold brilliance of the character of Depew ; Jusjfc as it behooves us, after what has been paid, to remember that the crowning achievement ol our distinguished friend and the crowning blessing of his career, quite irrespective of honors that tlie future has in store, has been the acquisition in New- York of that most gracious lady who became his wife. (Continued applause.) Mr. Reid's return is from Paris to New- York. Like the rest of us. It is in New- York that Mr. Reid has found his fitting and most satisfactory home. And like the rest of us, his d.weUing here, like ithe ex- istence of this society, is but a tribute to the gen- erosity of the great city and commonwealth of New- York. (Applause.) We have our little fun ; we en- dure the little jests that come; we take the fun that is made of us quite easily ,_be cause tlie jest is hushed by the i-ealLty of the achievement, as the criticism is stUled. because the emulation has been generous. We should do ill in welcoming Mr. Reid home to New-York without a welcome ivom. New-York. (Ap- plause.) We welcome him to our recollection and to our society, of whicli he is one. New- York welcomes him. We welcome him as belonging in a sense to him. New-York welcomes him mainly because he is hers. Who can so well welcome Mm home to New- York as Mr. Depew? (Cheers and applause.) There was a man asked not long since, in examining him as to his qualifications to sit as a juror, if ever he had heard of Mr. Depew, and he said no. (Prolonged laugliter.) I heard the Mayor of PMladelphia say soon afterward tliat if there was found such a fellow In a court in Pennsylvania, he would be at once ejected as too slow to live In Philadelphia. (Lauightel* and applause.) It is, therefore, probably an unneces- sary precaution for me to point Mr. Depew out to you, yet T think I am peculiarly qualified In that respect, if need be, for my memory of Mm goes back to days at Yale College, when there came there one day a bright youth with a shrewd face and a Mndly eye, who soon became the great master of our coUege politics. The shrewd face and the Mndly eye are still here, but those marks happily are not uncommon ; they are universal In this company. Therefore, perhaps I might suggest to you that in those days, and you may recognize him, the dis- tinguishing characterisilc of Ms appearance was the abundant and excellent quality of his long, light hair. (Laughter and applause.) Let me present to you the Honorable Chauncey M. Depew. (Cheers and ap- plause.) Mr. Depew said : Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen : It is not only a pleasure, but a distinction to be here to-night as the jumping-place for those OMo orators. (Laughter.) Lieutenant Totten has predicted that we may look for the millennium about this time (Laughter.) As I glance up and down this table I think it has come (laughter)— and Reid seems to be our Gabriel. (Re- newed laughter.) But it is not only In journalism that we have these the millenMum advantages, because to-night our guest is welcomed by two worlds, this and the next— in Elkins and Warner Miller. (Prolonged laughter.) I have frequently heard my friend Reid complimented upon the qualities wMch he exMbits, derived from his Scotcti descent, but he never exMbited them more Mndly than when he offered to give a bond to-mght with any penalty that any OMo man who might bo nominated for President would accept. (Laughter.> That is the cheapest risk I ever knew. (Laughter.) The Secretary of the Treasury has reminded us that the equal industries of Ohio lead to a level-headeduesa that is not evidenced in other States, but it is a level- headedness that is characterized by a single ambition (laughter), and the praises of an Ohio man in ofliice for rotation in office are the Pickwicldan utterances of an after-dinner speech. (Laughter.) But New- York is delighted to welcome Mr. Reid here to-night because she created Mm. (Laughter.) She always prefers that her creation should be born else- where, in order to show what she can do with raw ma- terial. (Laughter.) It lias been my lot every year for the last ten to deliver a eulogy upon some emi- nent son of Ohio. He has always been deacL (Laughter.) It has created an impression in my mind that there was some mysterious rela- tion between eminence in OMo and the grave. But it is delightfiil; it is atonic; it revives my spirits, and brings me into lia,rmonious relations with level- headedness, to be able to speak about an OMo man who is very much alive. If any person here present^ or not here, doubts that he is alive, they will find it out tlirougli the columns of tlie New- York Tribune during the coming months of tlie Presidential canvass. (Ap- plause.) They will discover there that tMs briUiant journalist will occasionally— and on rare occasions, because on only those occasions do they merit It- criticise his party friends ; and on aU occasions— be- cause on all occasions they merit It— criticise his party enemies. (Prolonged applause.) One of the severest criticisms uttered against Presi- dent Harrison was the fact that he selected, journallste for diplomatic places. I confess that as a lawyer I felt In full harmony with that criticism. (Laughter.) It was enough to have these newspapers trench upon our prerogatives In the Legislature and In Con- gress, but the diplomatic services we had claimed for ourselves, except when for orna- mental purposes it becomes necessary to appoint a literary man. (Laughter.) The critics said: "What can a journalist whose mind, whose training, whose thought, whose efforts are in discussions of theoretical politics and practical religion (laughter), of sociological questions and party oanididates, wjiose distlngulsMng and almost only public service Is at innumerable ban- quet)^ tp respond to The Press (laughter)— what can he Imow about International law and the delicate intrica- cies of the diplomatic service?" Only twice In the history of the relations between France and the United States as Nations has France been prominently and Interestingly In the eye and mind of the American people. First, ■when she gave MEMOEIAL ADDEESSES AND AFTEE-DINNER SPEECHES. 31 us the assistance wMch secured our independence, and second, when there was negotiated with her a treaty which will be of incalculable advantage to the people of this country. In the first instance our Minister was Benjamin Franldin and in the second Whitelaw Keid, both journalists. (Applause.) THE SISTER REPUBLICS. By sentiment and service we are more closely bound to Prance than any other European nations, and yet in the rapidity of oui* own development and the crowding events which have brought us in commercial com- munion or collision with other nations, we have taken little account of and given Ufctle thought to France during the last hundred years. Her fleet, her army and her credit enabled us to bring our revolution to a triumphant conclusion ; and the ideas of liberty absorbed here by the French soldiers and carried back to France revolutionized the continent of Europe. (Applause.) Upon the lines of civil and religious freedom and of the ideas and the measures which tend to the promotion of the happiness of manliind, France and the United, States have developed together. Their friendly relations have been enormously strengthened by the moral support which we gave the young Re- public in its struggle for the permanence of its free institutions ; by the vigorous, wise and enlightened course of the American Minister who is our guest to-night. (Applause.) Our iKjets, our orators and our great writers. In celebrating the glories of our Western Empire, have all failed to recognize in epic verse and fitting phrase that principal and perennial source of our prosperity, the American hog. (Laughter.) He, more than any other agency, has solved the problem of the farm and the market. When the Western farmer would be com- pelled to burn his corn because the price at the sea- board would not enable him to bear the cost of trans- portation, this intelligent animal consumes the corn, chemically works it up in his own person into profitable pork, and then transports himself to market to clear the mortgage from the farm and adc to the wealth of his country. (Laughter.) The Governments of the Old World have always been jealous of our growth and prosperity, and fearful of the penetrating and propagating power of American ideas. They could not keep out Yankees, for they go everywhere. They could not keep out Yankee Inventions, for their adoption was necessary if they would keep pace in industrial competitions. They could not keep out American wheat, because their fields were insufficient to raise theii* own supply. But in self-preservation and with marvellous unanimity, and backing up the effort with the whole force of their great armaments, they banished and then prohibited the re-entrance of the American hog. For eleven years this great staple of our country has been denied admission. The popular sentiment was so strong in favor of the prohibition that any attempt to remove it threatened to hurl the Government of the day from power. It was to this most difficult task that Mr. Reid applied his abiUty and his energy. His success has moved the torpid pulse of the Chamber of Com- merce to enthusiastic gratitude, and has done more for the commerce and wealth of our coiintiy than any single diplomjiiiio transaction of the last decade. (Ap- plause.) It is an old saw that every good American goes to Paris before he dies. It is generally admitted that the visit hastens that desired or lamented event. (Laughter.) jPaals Is known to our conntrynien as the metropolis where their women are gowned and their men bankrupted. (Laughter.) For the last three years we, which means virtually the majority oi the American people who travel, have found In Paris a model American home, whose perfect appoint- ments made us proud of our country and whose generous hos.pitality made us feel at liome. (Applause.) The position of an American Minister among the Ironclad customs and inflexible traditions of the diplomatic service in the older countries is not a happy one. According to immemorial usage the Ambassadoi*, la the absence of his sovereign, is tne sovereign in person, or if his State is not monarchical he represents the sovereignty of the commonwealth. Immemorial usage assigns to the IVIinister only the dignity of a diplomatic agent. At the great capitals like Paris all the Powers of Europe and Asia send Ambassadors, tlie republics of South America and the Isthmus send Ambassadors, and Hayti is represented by an Am- bassador. Whenever the representatives of tliese Gov- ernments call upon the Foreign jMinister of Finance the obsequious attendant throws open both doors of the Foreign Office to the Ambassador; he opens one- door to admit the American Minister. At state re- ceptions, official functions, Presidential dinners, the American Minister decorates the rear of the diplomatic procession and sits next to Hayti at the foot of the.- table. (Laughter.) DIGXITY WITHOUT ARROGAISTCE. Our adherence as a Nation to tills Spartan simplicity decorates the rhetoric of tlie Fourth-of-July orator as to the prestige and power of the great Republic, and de- grades among his official associates the representatives of the great Repubhc. The American Minister, who is thus officially handicapped and who has a proper patriotic appreciation of the dignity and position which his Government rightfully holds among the nations of tlie earth, has a most difficult and delicate task. But it can be truthfully said by every one who was on the spot to observe that with tact which was never at fault, and dignity which compelled recognition, and assertiveness wliicli was never offensive, and a pride which was never arrogant, the grandeur and gloi-y of the Republic of the United .States so pervaded all official assemblages when the Minister was present that for the last three yeare wherever the American iMinister has sat has been next to the head of the table. (Enthusiastic applause.) New- York stands to the people in all parts of our country as does a great universiiy to its young men. The student who has won academic honors in Ohio or California, in Idaho or Indiana, comes to Yale or Harvard. Thereafiter for the rest of his life he Is known as an alumnus of Yale or of Harvard. So the man who has grown too large for his neighbor- hood or (his State in the West, the South, the East or the North comes to New- York. Here he is welcomed without ardor and given such eq.ual chance that in due time he may stand (in social rank among the Knick- erbockers, or find himself CrystaUized among the "four hundi'ed." (Laughter.) It Is this cosmopolitan spirit which gives (New- York an Ohio Society larger than any to be found in any city In Ohio, and a ilSouithern Society stronger than any organized in any city in the South. It is In this spirit that we have more Germans than In any German city, save Berlin, and more Irish (than in any city In the Emerald Isle. It was this attraction which brought to us Ohio's great son. General Grant, and caused him to request that he might be buried upon our island, a requesit which I trust will soon be honored by a mon- ument erected over his grave worthy the great captain and the great metropolis. (Loud applanse.) It was the multiplied charms of New-Y'ork which drew here the most attractive soldier of our time and made him :32 lilBEAEY OF TEIBUNE EXTEAS. loved by us as lie loved us, auother of Ohio's grand contributions to the glory of the Kepublic, General aiierman. (Applause.) New-York welcomes the chil- dren of her adoption, when they are worthy of her recognition, with the same unstinted and generous gratitude or honor as she does her children to the manor born. I speak for her best impulses, for her vigorous man- hood, for her broad and catholic judgment, when I say on her behalf to Whitelaw Reid, " Welcome I thrice welcome, back to New- York!" (Applause loud iind long-continued.) COLONEL McCLUEE FOE THE PEESS. The next speaker was Colonel McClure, who said : This is to me a most pleasant occasion. I have known the distinguished guest of the evening for t]4irtiy years as a journalist; remember him well as one of tlie most brilliant of the remarkable galaxy of war correspoiideuts developed during the Rebellion, and have noted his rapid advancement to the very front lank of liis profession, not only with tine pride that 1 have always felt in those who dignify the newspaper calling, but also with the gratificattou that ever comes to us all when cherished friends attaiu exceptional success. There is eminent fitness in tliis gathering of distinguished sons of Ohio to do honor to WMtelaw Reid, who is now a leading figure in American progi-ess as journalist and diplomat, but wliDse name will be cherished chiefly, not only in this but in other lands, as one who has sired the richest lustre upon American journalism. (Applause.) Wliat is journalism in tliis great Republic? In England it has been called the fourth estate; in the free institutions of America, where the people are .sovereign, and where the newspapers are the chief edu- cators of those who govern the land, tlie Press is the first estate. Like all great elements of power, it has its shadowed aspects. It has many teachers of its own creation who are discreditable to the great calling and a reproach to the most intelligent people of the earth); but, discounted by aU its imperfections, the Press of the United States is the best the world has ever known, and is the most potent of all th|e varied factors in our free gov^ernment. I regai-d the editorial chair as the highest public trust of our free institu- tions. Presidents, Cabinets, Senators, representative bodies come and play their brief parts and pass away, many of them into forgetfuhiess ; and great parties rise and fall in the swift mutations of the pohtical efforts of a free people. Journalism not only survives all the varied changes of our political system, but its duties and responsibilities multiply witli) each year as It becomes more and more the great teacher of the :people in their homes. (Applause.) Wlien President Harrison came into power he hon- ored himself by nominating to three of ithe four first- class missions of the Government distinguished rep- resentatives of American noiirnals— Whitelaw Read to Prance, Charles Emory Smith to Russia and Muvait Halstead to Germany. High as was the compliment paid to journalism by the President, the highest com- pliment of all was paid ito INIr. Halstead when he was rejected by a Senate of his own political faith: and an exceptional complimenit was paid to JVIr. Reid, the honored guest of the evening, by his narrow escape from rejection by the same body. (Laughter.) There was not an objection nrgsd against the con- firmation of either of these eminent 1ournali?its that was not inspired by resentment for the best journal- istic efforts of their lives. It was .the manly, fear- less criticism of public men and public measures ; the exposure of the infirmities and perfidy of those who pose as representative statesmen of ithe Republic, that honored Mr. Halstead by refusing him the mission f5'r which he had been nominated, and that paid a rare tribn,te to Mr. Reid by grudgingly assenting to his appointment. The cowardly, submissive journalist is innocent of antagonisms: the aggressive, fearless, faithful journalist commands the highest distinction of malignant hostility from all who make politics a trade and prostitute statesmanship to mean ambition and jobbery. (Applause.) I recall also with great pleasure .the fact that the two great editors who were confirmed to fill first-class missions have both volun- tarily resigned to resume itheir newspaper duties. We are here to-night to wlcome Mr. Reid back to his high public trust of journalism, and in Phila- delphia we shall soon be able to welcome Mr. Smith, who has resigned his mission and will resume the great calling of his life. These leaders of oui* pro- fession liave learned the littleness of official trust wJien compared "vvith the liighest of all public trusts— the direction of a great newspaper. (Applause. J EDITORS IN PUBIjIC OFFICE. Need 1 remind tliis intelligent assembly of Horace Greeley, coni'essedly the ablest ol all the maiiy able journalists our country has produced ^ He was often more potent even than tne President, and no man ever acconiphshed so much in the education o ;he people in all that was beneficent and just. He (;;iied not for the honors or emoluments of public office, but he had fought the battles of the people, for he had braved obloquy in his tireless efforts for the oppressed and lowly, and liis great sympathetic heart that ever beat responsive to the ciies of the oppression craved the grateful i-ecognition of the people to wjiose cause lie so sincerely dedicated his life. (Applause.) A brief term in Congress proved to ail, as it must have proved to himself, that while the great editor was a master in criticising the impei^ tections ol public men, the Congressman v;ho had criticised his fellows Oiroiigh his own newspaper columns was a dismal failiire. At last the great dream of his life gave promise of fulfilment a« he was nominated for the Presidency ; but the clouds came, his hones perished r and, smitten in aU that he loved or dreamed of, his death was welcomed by his friends as ending the fitful life that had settled in a starless midnight of mental darkness. And Raymond, whose namo is spoken with reverence by every American journalist; the only man whose lance was never shivered in his manj conflicts with ids great master, is no\v hardlv remembered as Legislator, Speaker, Lieutenant-Governor and member of Congress. He was a leader of leaders in poUtics, He was at the baptismal font of Republicanism, and he poimed the platform of Pittsburg in 1856, that crystallized the greatest party of. American history and made the most heroic achievements of any civilization of the world. I have seen him calm a tuit»ulent National Convention, call it to order and method, and guide it to tile great results of its mission ; but who re- members him as Congressman save as the target of the matchless invective of Stevens, or as having recorded failure after failure in statesmanship ? Dana, the Nestor of American journalism, dated his great success and power as a newspaper mam from the time when he indignantly declined a second place in the Customs of your city, tendered to him by a Presi- dent whose election he had favored. (Applause.) Thenceforth he was free from the thongs of political expectation, and no one has more pointedly Illustrated the difference in distinction and achievement be- tween the editor who puts journalism before party and party honors and the editor who struggles for party success to share party spoils. (Ai>- n'lause.) " The elder Beniiett has grandly illus- trated the true theory of journalism by the assump- tion that a great editor could, never be an acceptable popular candidate for anv party, and I have reason to know that he regarded it ais the crowning distino- tion of his life that he had the onport-unity to decline, ais incompatible with his journalistic duties, the same mission fi^om which our honored guest of to-night has just returned. NONE MAT DECLINE THE CAIX. All respected newspapers teach that it is the duty of the citizen to accept public trust when calle-d uiwn by the sovereign power of our free government, and none wUl dispute the correctness of the theory : but where in all the land is there a higher public trust than that accepted by the editor of a widely i-ead newspaper? In our free government there is no official position, that can reasonably be ac-cepted, as promotion from the editorial chair: and the fact tliat political place is only attainable by a greater or less amount of dependence upon the favor of political partisanship emphasizes the necessity of maintaining the absolute Independence of journalism by the absolute refusal of the public pdaces for which' the jostling of mean ambition Is ever in struggle. The time was when journalism was con- fined to party organs and when newspapers were a luxury. Public office was then measurably com- patible with the public trust of journalism: but that age has passed away never to return. To-day the newspaper is the ed^ucator of the home and is read in almost every family in the land. It is the daily lesson, to our children: tlie dally monitor to those who exer- cise the sovereignty of our government. It Is constant MEMOEIAL ADDRESSES AND APTEE-DINNER SPEECHEIS. 33 in its duties and. its achievements. On great occasions it arouses public sentiment to aggressive action ; in common times it is ceaselessly fulfilling its mission as gently as the dews which jewel the flowers of the early morniaig, and, it is the one calling of our free land that cannot be dependent upon the whims of party leaders or the resentments of those who control official positions. It must be '• unawed, by influence, unbribed by gain." Sucli is the true mission of the joui-nalist where journalism is so Inseparably interwoven with the sovereignty of the Republic, and it is to tliis high trust and duty that we welcome back the honored guest of the evening. (Loud applause.) FOE THE PRESS OF NEW-YORK. , The next speaker was St. Clair McKelway, wli^ responded for the press of New-York. He said : Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Oliio Society : I am asked to speak for the press of New- York at tliis dinner to Wliitelaw Reid. A lifelong relationship to that press enables me to know what it is and how it feels toward tlite guest of the evening. My active labors on tlie press of tliis State began about when Whitelaw Reid swung from the West to the East, and became entitled to membership in an Oliio Society in the City of New- York. I have watched with interest the effect of Imm on the press of the State and the effect of the press of the State upon him, (Laughter and ap- plause.) He began by preferring news to everything else. He preferred the best news, as he regarded it. to any other Idiid. i>l course the very best in Ms opinion was such as told of Republican victories. (Laug!Tter.) In that sense he tried to make his news as he went along, like the lecturer on history of whom Froude said that he made his facts as he went along. (Laug;> ter.) Mr. Reid, however, could not always publisli that kind of news. Happily that kind does not always occur, although it does occur with depressing fi-equency about every fourth year. (Laugliter and applause.) He, therefore, carefully discriminated among the news which can always be depended on to occur, and of that he preferred the best to the worst. The best, in his opinion, was that which) told of good things done or incited to the doing of things that were good. (Ap- plause.) I do not mean good in a namby-pamby sense, but in the broad and liberal sense of the word. It would take too long to give you a disquisition on news, or to tell the story of ^Vhitelaw Reid's relation to it. Only large, luminous, typical and representative statements need to be made on this head. Wliitelaw Reid early magnified the news of education and the educational power of news. He set the fashion of having colleges completely reported on the occasion of their great events. He caused the social science congresses of the United States. Great Britain and other countries to be carefully written up. The best thought which science, (teaching or religion uttered found room in The Tribune. The paper was made desirable to .those who know much and necfessary to those who would loiow more. The work of agitation committed to ithe lyceum had ended in the achieve- ment of union, freedom and manhood suffrage. (Applause.) As the agitator stepped down and as the reformer retired to a well-earned rest, ithe teacher, the instructor, the educator, the men of exact knowl- edge and careful investigaition, the scientists, as we call them, came to the front. Permanent institutes of knowledge took the place of scattered lecture bureaus. The speciaUsts of the country organized on the lines of their learning in the world. The Tribune became their organ by becoming their chronicle. Other metropolitan papers now share that honor and that responsibility. The Tribune, under Whitelaw Reid, was the pioneer in that work. (Applause,) THE PAPER OF EDUCATORS. It still does it better than any of its contem- poraries, for it has learned how to do it well, and the men and women who formulate the educational thought of the country, while admitting the claims and desiring the good offices of the entire press, re- gard The Tribune as the preferred medium between the public and .themselves. No newspaper man would recognize in what I have to sav that conformity to the facts which honor his calUne: if I left oiit of view the service which The Tribime. under Whitelaw Reid, has done in journalism, by raising the standard of news from Washington. London. Paris. Albany, Boston, Chicago, San Francisco and other points of importance and interest in the affairs of the world. I do not acauit his •correspondents at those points of expressing wrong opinions, for they do not always express my own. (Laughter.) I do. however, claim for them that they have raised the standard of the expression of opinion to a high plane. They have written as gentlemen and as ladies for persons of like culture. They have had the confidence and the sup- port of the home office in every instance. (Applause.) Otherwise they could never have done so well as ithey have done. Tlieir views are always their own, whether they are the \news of the reader or not, and in nota- bly trusted cases, whether they are the views of The Tribune itseli or not. If they dissent from their paper and if their paper dissents fiom tiifem, two expressions of value on the subject are tliereby certainly secured. TJie impersonality of Tiie Tiibune, under Whitelaw Reid, in the sense in wliich tlie papei is collectively regarded as the product of many minds controlled by one, has not been more observable and commendable than tlie consideration shown to the individualities of the important workers at impoitant points in the various fields where they exercise their pra{;tised func- tions. This fact has received a complete iUhstration during Mr, Reid's absence. While he was abroad lie took his liaiids off the pax>er, and he kept them ofl:". The paper went on, and none but experts or those beliind the scenes could very well have told that the chief editorsJiip was in abeyance, or, if vou please in commission. I predict tliat wlien he puts liis hands on again, only a little difference, inseparable from the new importance wliich his personality has tal?en on in tlie service of his country, will be observable at the first, and that pretty soon it will not be observa]))c at all. The renewed force will revitahze the wliole paper, or the paper as a whole wiU absorb and dom- inate the renewed force and make it over again into its likeness. There is another thing I want to say about this man. He brought to a stop, so far as he was concerned and his paper was concerned, tlie business of making personal attacks on other newspaper editors, or of re>plying to such attacl^s made upon himself ( Ap- plause.) Tlie wars between Greeley and Raymond and Raymond and Bennett, and James Watson AVel^b and all the rest of them, wliich were a feature of New- York journalism for rears, were very exciting- very suggestive, of their Idnd, verv able, but while magnificent," thej were not journalism. (Laughter) Readers would not bo interested and editors would not be helped or luu^t by a rencMal of such personal conti'oveisies now. The presumption is that readers were not intere.-ted by them so much as editors thought they were m the past, and the certaihtv is that editors were not helped oi- liuri: by them so mucli as readers thought they weie in the past, (Laughter and ap^ plause.) When those strong men died, that which thej; believed was right was remembered and lionor^d. Their anger and their epitliets towai-d one anotlier, if not forgotten, were regretted, and had long before ^?®'V ^x'^*^°^"^^^- ^^^Jiitelaw Reid's new pohcv for Xlie Tribune raised journahsm to Wie parliraentry plane of courtesy. It did not weaken controversy, it oiilv civihzed It (Applause.) For qiute awhile he w^ the only sc7jOlar m iiis own school. The other fio-hiers trained on lines of old-time war, turned their bat- teries or him, but got rire5ag Haibor, and from flushing to Ogdensburg, thinks well of him. (Applause.) He knows that his con- temporaries hiave felt proud of Ms ability to take a joui'nal stamped with tlie personality of a remarkable man and strengthen it under impersonal admin ista-atiou into an institution more remarkable than any man ever concerned in the making of it. (Applause.) He kuows that the best minds on the press of the State, no matter what the drawbacks are of tlie instrumental- ities witli! whicli they work, are at one witJi him, Jiot on protection, but for real ballot-reform ; not on pro- tection, but for high license; not on protection, but for an assimilated and intelligent suffrage ; not on protection, but for pui'e politics, tor equal laws, for an untainted judiciary for tlie strong^ aiid true Grov^ernorships, for honorable Presi- dencies of principle and genuine Americanism, and for the victory 3f the best and the beating down of tlie worst in tlie influences entering into all political parties. (Applause.) Mr. Reid in France has worthily lionored an oiYice in which Franklii], Wash- burne, Dayton, McLean and Bigelow and Jolm A. Dix won for themselves a lustre as bright as the day and as long as time. He brings back the gratitude of all Americans abroad wiUi whom he has been in con- tact, and he meets he:e not only ti.ie greetings of his friends arojpd these tables, and not only the congratu- lations of his fellow-lab irer^ in all the newspaper offices of the Englisli-spealdng world, but the saluta- tions of Ms countrymen and their best wisl.^^s for his happiness and prosperity, either on the lines of Ms resumed pr:>fession or on the paths of any higher duties that events in their unfolding may solicit or re- quire lilm to tread. (Applause loud and long contin- ued.) WARNER MILLER'S REMARKS. General Swayne next introduced Warner Miller in tliene words : The distlnguisiied gentleman took occasion to re- mark that his senses liad been cheated this evening by the spirit of self -laudation. It is gratifying to Imow tlDat at the close of a late dinner his senses were not cheated by any spirit less elusve. (Laughter.) I am happy to supplement Ms remarks by a fresh illustration of the power of the press. There was picked up tliis evening in the ante-room, before we took our seats at these fables a carefuHv. thoroughly, accurately and brilUantly written account of all that has taken plnce here to th's date, and of some things that are yet to come. At first I supposed, when it was handed to me, that it was the remarks of some gentleman who was to speak: but Mr. Depew's discerning eyes perceived the fact and brought it to my knowledge that it was a newspaper account in- tended for publication to-morrow morning. Out of a consideralion, which I hope you will appreciate, I have not inquired as to the handwriting. (Laughter.) And now, gentlemen, Mr. Reid's great services to international commerce remind us that the facilities for international commerce are becoming so extensive and so far-reaching in their ramifications that they compel the uniting and the co-operation of governments by the necessl ies wliich they create, and which are common to the whole familiy of nations. We have with us this evening a very distinguished gentleman of New- York and a former member of the United States Senate from this State, who is now engaged in doing for the American people at the southern end of North America what unfortunately our French con- freres liave been unable to do for us— the perfecting ol a great international canal. The evening would be incomplete if we did not hear from the Hon. Warner Miller. (Applause.) Warner Miller said : Mr. Chairman and gentlemen of the Ohio Society : Until this evening I had supposed that this organiza- tion was a secret society, and that no one was per- mitted to come into these meetings unless he could furnish a certificate of Ms Ohio origin. We have been told here to-night that four members of the present Cabinet were born in Ohio. Just how much that is to the credit of this Administration I will not under- take to say. (Laughter.) Certainly it is true that only one of those four was ever able to arrive at that distinction by remaining in Ohio. They had to come out and get training in New- York and in other great and broad States to fit them for the places which they now hold. (Applause.) It was my good fortune, tliree years ago, to be present at the parting banquet given to our guest of to-night upon the eve of Ms departure to his great mission ; and I took oc- casion that evening to give him some wholesome advice. Last September, when I was in Paris, I took occasion to find out whether he had followed that advice or not. I am happy to be able to' report to-night that I learned there that he had followed strictly the advice that I had given him. That ad- vice was simply this : That in Ms career In Paris he should not follow too closely in some of the foot- steps of his most distinguished predecessor, Benjamin Franldin. (Applause and laughter.) I am gla/d to be here to-night to welcome back Mr. Reid from the mission wMch he has flUed with so much credit to Mmself and to his country. But I am not here to praise Mm for having thoroughly and honestly, and with all his abiUty, discliarged the duties which devolved upon him. Any American citizen, any citizen of our Republic, who in his public ofB.ce would do less than Ms full duty, is unworthy of that place. While praisa may not be due to any man in this repubUc for thus discharging his public duties, certainly condemnation would ba heaped upon Mm if he had not properly fulfilled them. Mr. Reid, I welcome you back to your old place, and . I welcome you for many reasons. You have been missed by ,your former associates, and for the last two or three years your party associates would liave been glad to have had you here for consultation and for guid- ance and direction. All matters connected with our party during the last few years, have not gone on quite as well as we could have wished, or as well as we believe they would have gone if your guiding hand had been with us. One of the distinguished journal- ists at the table remarked to me that Mr. Red had come home to put The Tribune back into poUtical journalism. I said that I hoped so, for we should need it badly during the next six months. And so I am happy that the great journal wMch has done so much not only for its party, but for every good cause in tliis country, wiU again have your guiding liand upon it; lor I Iniow that the results wMch will flOAv from that guidance will be for tlie interest not only of your paily, but of your city and of your country. I am also glad that you have come home .o us in order that you may exercise your powerful influence upon some of your old comiatdes and associates. 1 see that your former close friend, Mr. Depew, has already left the table. It would have been of very great service to him if you could have been here during the last tliree years; for he has not gotten on quite so well In some respects as he did when he had your daily association. You may have heard, sir, that the great misfortune has fallen upon Mm to be struck off the list of born millionaires, and to be cast outside of the Immaculate 400. (Loud laughter.) I trust you will be able to offer Mm consolation; and that we may be able to welcome him back to his early associates (laughter), to the men witli whom he was always jovial and cordial before he w^as trained to that high distinction. If you had been here also you might have pre- vented the maldng of some of the mistakes wMch MEMOEIAL ADDEESSES AND AFTER-DINNER SPEECHES. 3S were made with, regard to the last election. (Laughter.) But be that as it may, I simpls' want to t^ir in conclu- sion—for I do not propose to touch at all upon the great subject which the chairman was kind enough to mention as haA'lng been set down for me; I do not propose at this late hour. and upon this festive occasion, to ride any such hobby as that— I will only say in conclusion that in your career during the last three years you have done more to broaden the channels of American commerce than anything I have yet accom- plished, no matter how liigh my ambitions may be in the future. (Laughter and applause.) In conclusion, Mr. Reid, allow me to say, with all of your old associates— and I am speaking of those outside of the press— that we have heard here to-night of the great dignity and high character of the press. As a theory, not as a condition, we approve those sentiments. (Laugh- ter.) We only hope that they may be fully carried into effect, and that my good fi'iend on my left (Secretary Elkins) and some others, perhaps, would think then that certain things which come to them every day in their lives would be spared to them ; and that life would be happier than it is now. Mr. EUdns— If they kept up to their theories. Mr. Miller— Yes; if they kept up to tWeir theories. I was surprised to hear Mr. Depew bemoan the fact that he was not a journalist, and that he was only a lawyer; that therefore he could not hope for promotion in the future. I think ia the country at large he is ranked as a journalist and not as a lawyer. If any one takes up a newspax>er nowadays and doesn't find from one to four columns of Mr. Depew's beautiful work in it he throws it down in disgust, and wants to know what has become of the editor of tlie paper. (Laughter). Mr. Depew told us that journalists had been promoted by the present Administration, and that Mr. Reid had been sent to Paris because he was a journalist. It is the fact that journalism la the Republic of France has been one of the chief stepping stones to promotion in political life ; and that there they are not only the controller of public opinion thrDugh their joarnals, but they are the holders of the great offices and the directors of the Administration. I do not know whether Mr. Reid has " caught on" in Paris with the capability of tlie French journalists for securing the high offices and places, or not ; but I imagine that he was enough of a Yankee, even if he was born in Ohio, to find out how the French journalists do it. And therefore I want to say to those gentlemen here to-night who are ambi- tious and who are not entirely outside of politics, that they had better beware of the joui-nalists who are coming back to us— Mr. Reid, 3Ir. Smith and scores of others— who have been away on important missions. I am afraid, Mr. Secretary (Mr. Elkins) that even your place vnU. be In danger, and that other "iiigh offices will be sought and taken perhaps by them. Permit me simply to say. and most sincere'y, on belialf ot your old associates In politics (among whom I may count myself), that we liave been delighted with the record which you have made for your counti*y and for your party ; "^but we are a uiousand times more delighted and rejoiced that you have returned to lis to take up the old work, as we know that we shall find in you the counsellor and guide we knew you to be before you lef; us. (Applause.) ME. LA^VEENOE FOR THE LOTOS CLUB. General Swayne then introcluced Mr. Lav^rrence, sajdng : A great naturalist and biographer once wrote that in his judgment the difference between man and animals lay chiefly in the broader exercise by man of what he called the faculty of selective attention. The consciousness of that power commends itself to the readers of Franklin's biography and finds with tnem a certain response. Perhaps if our distinguished friend will look closely at that book again he will find that the peccadilloes of wliich Franklin treats with such entire frankness were not a feature of his life as United States Minister to France, but pertain to the days of wUd oats, to the earlier days when he was a working man in London. Certain it is, however, that we have the autobiograpihy of our friend written in our hearts, and we are as con- fident of his future as we are proud of his past. And now, gentlemen, comes that winch tlie good housewife always saves for the last dish at a feast like this, that which is known as the dessert. There is an organization in the city of New- York wiiose ties of membersliip with Mr. Reid are closer than his ties with this society. (Applause.) Not only are they closer, but they are of longer ex- istence, aijd of a higher gi-ade of personal identificar tion. Busy man as he is, worthy man as he is, busy men as they ai^e, and worthy men as they are, they* liiave had this common tie that they have sought ftom time to time that sweet, refreshing recreation of mutual intercourse whose fittest emblem is the flower of forgetfulness, the Lotos Club. At some coat to myself, of self-denial, at some tax upon your patience, I have felt, never- theless, that we should keep that which is best to the last; and now we are to have a final greeting to Mr. ^^^litelaw Reid, so long the president of the Lotos dub, from his successor. Mr. Frank R. Lawrence. Mr. Lawrence then said : It was but last evening that I received your gracious invitation, and I confess myself at a loss for adequate terms In which to address this distinguished assem- blage; yet it needs neither preparation nor skiU to utter the words of greeting which rise spontaneously upon so liappy an occasion as this. It is Indeed a distinction to be permitted to take part In this festl%^ty, and upon behalf of the Lotos Club, whose sentiment It is my privilege to speak to night, I most heartily thank the Ohio Socle y of New- York for the courtesy which prompted it to Invite the members of ihe club to be represented in tnis evening's proceedings. Perliaps no organization may claim closer affiliation with your illustrious guest than the Lotos Club. He was one of Its earliest members, riis name stands high upon ihe list In the charter of Its incorporation. For many years he was its president. Upon his departure for Europe his fellow-members bade lilm the heartiest "God-speed." During his absence they liave watched Ms career with constantly Increasing pride, and you may judge with what supreme satisfaction those of them who are here present take part in this, the first public demonstration in honor of 3Ir. Wliitelaw Reid upon his return to Ills native land. Aside fi'om aU personal association or endearment, the career of Mr. Reid in the public service has been such as should arouse feehngs of gratification and pride In the mind of every American citizen. The place of Minister to France Is, perhaps, the most honorable foreign s atlon within the gift of our Government, for the American Minister to France Is accredited to no lung or potentate. He goes as the i-epresentatlve of the one to the other of tlie two great nations who have throAvn off every vestige of obedience to royalty, and who proudly vindicate the right of man to govern him- self. (Applause.) The largest field for genius exists in connection with the peaceful solution of the vast and complicated questions whlcli grow out of the commercial relations between these two great peoples, and what higher tribute could be paid to th^ genius of JNTr. Reid than lies in tlie verdict of all his country- men, thai; he has proved equal to every requirement, and has discharged every duty with consummate skill 36 LTBEARY OF TEIBUNE EXTEAS. and distinguished success? European nations train men to diplomacy as to a separate profession. Amer- ica does not, perhaps upon the theory ihat every American is a born diplomatist. Whatsver the theory, the wisdom of our practice is certainly proved by the success of Mr. Reid. (Applause.) THE POWER OF A GEfNIAL NAl:imE. SpeaMng only to voice the welcome of an associa- tion of friends, I shall not attempt to add to what has been said in the way of description or eulogy of the services of Mr. Reid to our country, but I may say tliat in my judgment hiis efforts in the direction of cultivating a closer relation and more cordial feeling between the people of the two nations have been almost equally valuable with his achievements in the negotia- tion of new treaties ; and I may add that in my belief a principal cause of all his success, whether diplomatic or social, lias been that kind and genial personality wliich so greatly endeare him to his friends, and which his old associates of the Lotos Club know almost better than any. (Applause.) We can scarcely tliink of the office held by your guest of to-night without associating with it the name of that great American who was the first to hold it; and when we view the devotion, the laboi's and the success of its latest incumbent, we feel tliat the office first held by Benjamin Franklin has gained new lustre and usefulness throoigh having been held by Whitelaw Reid. (Applause.) The friendship between the two nations which Franklin did so much to establish, his latest successor has striven by every means to cement and make closer, and his efforts have been attended with the most complete success that the people of this country could have desired. (Applause.) It is a happy fortune that has linked inseparably with the administration of the Grovernment of our country the names of so many of our great scholars, journalists and men of letters. Speaking for a club which makes some claim to literary association, I am proud to recall that wherever men of literary and scholarly attainments have entered public life, they have distinguislied and ennobled it, and one of the most creditable facts in the history of our Government during tills and the last generation is that its diplo- matic service has been enriched by such men as John Lotlirop Motley, Bayard Taylor, James Russell Lowell and WMtelaw Reid. (Applause.) You and he will pardon us of the Lotos Club if to- night we do not try to express all the satisfaction we feel in gi^eeting Mr. Reid again, for we look forward in the near future to the same privilege whicli the Oluo Society to-night enjoys, and are hoping that when the public ovations shall have somewhat abated, your guest may glide back for a little into the old Bohemian land and receive a Lotos welcome under the roof-tree that for so many years has been his own. (Applause.) To-night the Lotos Club joins the Ohio Society of New- York in greeting and honoring this gentleman, whose career reflects so much credit both upon the State of his birth and the city of his adoption. His friends of the Lotos Club rejoice at the large part wMch he has had in linliing together two great nations more closely, both in commerce and in kindliness ; and in welconiing him home, we pledge for the future a con- tinuance of the same warm ties of friendship which have already existed full a score of years. (Applause loud and long continued.) At the close of the speech-making General Swayne said : " I am quite sure you will commend the housewifery which kept that viand for the last, and now, gentlemen, to our friend long Ufe and happiness, from each and all of us the best •wish of our hearts. (Here the company arose and drank Mr. Eeid's health.) From each to all, from all to everyone, good-night." The banquet committee, to whom great credit- is due, was composed of General Wager Swayne,. chairman. Colonel Wilham L. Strong, Senator Cal- vin S. Brice, Colonel W. L. Brown, General Henry L. Burnett, I^ander H. Crall. Thomas Ewing, Andrew J. C. Foye, Henry A. Glassford, Curtis G. Harraman, Warren Higley, Homer Lee, S. S. Packard, Samuel Thomas and William Ford Upson. FEOM THOSE WHO COULD NOT COME. The following letters of regret were received : THE LETTER OF THE FRENCH MINISTER. The Legation of the Fi-ench Republic, Washington, D. C, March, 1892. General: You have done me the honor to invite- me to take part in the banquet that your society has tendered to Mr. Whitelaw Reid after his arrival in New- York on the 9th of April. I hasten to tiliank.you for your courtesy, and regret that it will not be possible for me to accept, as I already have another engagement for that day. I regret this all the more because during my stay in Paris I had occasion to appreciate the extreme courtesy of the honorable representative from the United States, and because I should have been very happy to associate myself \^th this occasion of ex- pression of esteem which is given to Mr. Reid by his compatriots. Accept, Greneral, the assurances of my most dis- tinguislied consideration. PATENOTRE. To General Henry L. Burnett, No. 45 Cedar-st., New- York. FROM VICE-PRESIDENT MORTON. Vice-President's Chamber, Washington, March 31, 1892. My Dear General : I very much regret that previous engagements deprive me of the pleasure of accepting the Invitation of the Ohio Society to be present at tile banquet to be given the Hon. Whitelaw Reid ou the 9th of April. Mr. Reid has discharged Ills duties as the repre- sentative of his country to otu* sister republic of th'^ Old World with conspicuous ability, in a manner aliite lionorable to his country and liimself, and it would be a source of great gra till cation if I could join tlie members of the Society of his native State, and presentj in person my cordial congratulations, a hetirty greet- ing and a warm welcome to your distinguished guest on his return to his native land. Thanldng the Society for the courtesy extended, I am, with renewed regrets, very faitlifully and truly yours, LEVI P. MORTON. General Wager Swayne, New- York. SENATOR HISCOCK'S REGRETS. Washington, D. C, March 31, 1892. General Henry L. Burnett, No. 45 Cedar-st., New-York. Dear Sir : I acknowledge the honor of an invita- tion from the Ohio Society of New- York, to be present at a banquet to be given the Hon. Whitelaw Read, at Delmonico's on the 9th proximo. Nothing would give me greater pleasure than to unite with you in this expression of friendsliip for and admiration of our distinguished fellow- citizen, Mr. Reid. As our Minister to France, he has conferred gi^eat honor upon our Government and added to his distinction as a great American journalist that of an able diplomat. Entertaining for him great personal friendship, I regret exceedingly that I can- not join you at the banquet; but I have an engage- ment here for the same evening, of an official char- acter, that I could not disregard without gi*eat per- sonal inconvenience to others, and therefore, I am compelled to decline the invi/tation. With great respect, FRANK HISCOCK. A TRIBLT:E FROM SENATOR HAWLEY. Senate Cliamber, Washington, Apria 6, 1892. My Dear Sir : I intended and sincerely desire to MEMORIAL ADDRESSES AND AFTER-DINNER SPEECHES. 37 :attend the dinner in honor of Mr. Reld, but engage- metnts and imperative duties are crowding upon me be- yond my power or time, and I must deny myself some of the pleasures and luxuries, and stay In Washington next Saturday. Mr. Reid was congratulated by all his brethren of 1iie Press when he was appointed. He has been con- gratulated upon his eminent success in his honorable Tnission— his social, diplomatic, political success— and we congratulate ourselves upjon his return. Please convey to him my warmest wishes for his health and Lapplness and my regret. Sinofrelv yours. .Ta=:T?.T»H Tf HA^^^.EY. General Wager Swayne, New- York City. PROM EX-MINISTER PHELPS. New-Haven, Conn., April 6, 1892. My Dear Sir : I have had the honor to receive tlie Invitation of the Ohio Society to the dinner to be given to Mr. Reid on the 9th inst. I had hoped for the pleasure of attendance, but regret to find that in a great pressure of engagement and very probable ab- sence at that time it will be impossible. It would ha^'^e given me special satisfaction to have joined the Society in the expression of the sense we all entertain, I think, of Ms distinguished and valuable services as Minister of the United States at Paris. His whole residence there has, in my judgment, been not only honorable to himself, but has reflected great credit upon the diplomr^cy of our country, and has materially strengthened American re-ations with the Nation to whicn he was accredited. The compUraent you offer him is most appropriate, and the occasion will doubtless be In all respects gratifying. Will you, in expressing to the Society my thanks lor their invitation and my regret at being unable to accept it, make known to them the cont'?nts of this note, and ask for me the privilege of joining wltli them, though in this imperfect manner, in the con- gratulations they will extend to Mr. Reid? I am, dear sir, very sincerely yours, E. J. PHELPS. Wager Swayne, esq., President. MR. PULITZER'S ILL HEALTH. New- York, April 5. Gentlemen : Mr. Joseph Pulitzer regrets extremely that he is compelled to decline the polite invitation of tlie Ohio Society. Ha sympathizes wltli the proposi- tion to do honor to Mr. Reld, wliose distinction as a journalist and success as a Minister he Is pleased to see recognized. But the state of Ms health makes It imposdble for him to take part in th^ proposed bai:qu>t. To General Wager Swayne and others of committee. GEORGE WILLIA31 CURTIS'S LETTER. West New-Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y... Marcll 26, 1892. Dear Sir : I am exceedingly sorry that an important engagement for the evening of April 9 deprives me of the pleasure of accepting your Invitation and of pay- ing my respects personally to your distinguished guest. "But I join with you in the hearty welcome home wi.9h wMcli you wiU receive him. The applause of France will be still ringing in Ms ears as he begins to hear that of his native land, and he returns Crowned with the Mghest reward of a Minister, the conscious- ness that he was most honored in the country to which he went because of his fi' differences are subdued apd silent when he challenges judgment. The people know him and repel partisan criticism of their faith- ful servant. For such hie is, and such they Imow him to be. No craving for a wider sphere of uncontrolled action, no selfish hope of personal aggrandizement, have ever marred his conduct or dimmed his fame. He has learned, perhaps from the traditions of his household, that the first citizen of France is simply the most honored servant of the people; that the duty of a President is to execute the laws, not to make them.; that the function of his office is to enligjiten the nation, not to endanger its peace or to destroy tlwj liberties of his people. The President of the French Republic is the pedagogue of Europe. His chair is a pulpit whence he is to teach that liberty means Ught, that she carries thie book and the pen where she may, the sword only ^vhere she must; that his first duty is to teach obedience to the law, by practising it; to accept, not to dictate, to be vigilant and true and honest and brave in liis al- legiance to the Sovereign, for the law is his master, even when he reviews one hundred thousand emn. Truisms, these things seem to us. A successor of President Washington who woilld dream of usurping the power confided to his hands and of placing him- 40 LIBEARY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. self above the la-vrs, could hardly hoi>e for anything more serious from an American audience than to be JQssed off the stage. More probably a continent would shake with laughter and a performance intended to be dramatic would end In burlesque. The American peo- ple are not without a sense of humor, though it is often fnadeq.uately expressed. There are springs in their intellectual makeup that may be touched with effect and they would rise to all the requirements of a mirth provoking situation, If any citizen whether in the \NTilte House or out of it should act upon the theory that he v^as indispensable to the welfare of the nation. The Savior of Society has no place here. He is not classed among our vertebrated animals and the popu- lar diagnosis would at once recognize the presence of mental disease. Hellebore was the reputed cure in tlie old Romaai days ; the straitjacket or mild con- finement is the more modern method. But we have not ten millions of armed men iS our close prox- imity, most of whom may In the chances of diplomacy or accident be our enemies to-morrow. The waves and fogs and storms of the Atlantic are the steady and inexpensive bulwarks of our main frontier, and as to other possible foes— but we have none. (Applause.) THE liEADERl^OEirP WHICH FRAXCE XEEDS. Not so, however, in the old land of France. The man on horseback still lives in legend and tradition. He has done gi-eat things ia days gone by and may perhaps forget that he is no longer a factor in the peaceful destinies of the country. One thousand years of unremitting activity have surely earned the right to repose. Glory may Iiave its uses, but glorj' palls in time upon the taste, and its music loses all charm for modern ears. France wants a leader who will tap the boundless resources of her genius for the pur- suits of peace. He must insist that she shall freely ex- tend the new domain that she has chosen for herself. True, a shadow is stUl on the wall, and the day may come when her children shall be summoned again to try the cruel chances of war. But, should the fated day ■ come, which may heaven avert, she will reniember that of her fathers, the Gauls, it was said by their Roman foes that they did not fear funerals. Tliis is a sombre theme, and we all prefer to watch her growth in the field of her o^vn sie-lection, the arts and sciences and literature that adorn and delight and bless our race. Honor then to this, her chief magistrate. May he succeed in Ms mission of i>eace. Th© experiment of free government is being made by a nation under whose soil lie sleeping fifty generations of men ; thoy were bom and bred under a system that made one man better, by accident of birth, than aU other men; what wonder if she has not, at one bound, mastered the excellencies of a wholly different scheme. The habits of a nation may not be s-haken off in a dfiy. Nor, on the other hand, must we forget that democracy and republicanism are not convertible terms. France has been for a century the most democratic of nations. As one of our own great leaders of thought once soidc True democracy does not consist in saying, I am as good as you, but rather in saying, you are as good as 1'. She knows this lessoi. by heart. Ti'ue republicanism con- sists in obeying e> That is a common saying, but the past Is always a pointer to the future, and these distinctions, out- side of those strictly belonging to the newspaper press, may be placed upon Mr. Reid hereafter, as tlie laurel is placed upon the head of a great and successful soldier. We shall feel, we who belong to the news- paper press,whether in the capacity of retired members like General Schurz, or active members 'ike my friend/ Mr. Halstead, or occasional contributors like my 44 LIBRAEY or THIBUNE EXTEAS. triend Mr. Coudert (laughter), we shall all feel that :a part of the honor and a part of the renown belongs tx) the profession of which Mr. Reld is so distinguished a member, (Applause.) GENERAL POETEE'S WITTY EEMAEKS. There was no lack of good feeling manifested at Mr. Dana's kindly words for the guest, and his speech throughout was an entertaining feature of the evening. When he had ended, Mr. Smith announced the last regular toaet, " Modern Diplomacy, the Ally of Commerce," and simply said: "Our friend and fellow-member, General Horace Porter, needs no introduction to this assembly." (general Porter arose with his customary air of seriousness and apparent embarrassment, but his own embarrassment was ■as nothing compared to that of his audience when the speaker opened his remarks in a foreign tongue w^ith many shrugs of the shoulders and gesticula- tions, which in their quality gave assurance that he was indulging iil an attempt at speaking French. He soon dropped into English and humor, but preserved the seriousness of his demeanor throughout. This is what he said • Monsieur le President et Messieurs : Si je m'ad- STEAD ENDS THE SPEAKING. At the close of President Low's speech, the chair- man said : " Gentlemen, I will ask my friend from Brooklyn to make the valedictory speech, if he has not gone, General Woodford. Has the gen- tleman left the room? (Cries of "Hal stead!") ■Ml'. Halstead, will you say a word to those pres- ent ?" Mr. Halstead responded as follows : Mr. Chairman : The embarrassment of riches that is upon you makes this to me an entirely unexpected pleasure and honor, the time is so short. It was Thomas Jefferson, I believe, who said of the Americans that they were fortunate in having two countries, one their own and the other France. Tlie guest whom we honor to-night was fortunate in the time of his Ministry to France in finding her restored to her place among the nations of the world and giving to European coun- tries their eectfiilly yours, JOHN SHERMAN. CHARLES F. CRISP, SPEAKER OF THE HOUSE. Speaker's Room, House of Representatives, Washington, D. C, April 8, 1892. The Hon. Cornelius N. Bliss, diairman Banquet Cqm- mittee. Chamber of Commerce, New-York. My Dear Sir: I beg to acknowledge the receipt of your kind invitation to the banquet to be given to the Hon. Wliitelaw Reid, Minister to France, on the 16th inst., and regret very much that my engagements here are such that it will be impossible for me to accept it. Yours very respectfully, CHARLES F. CRISP. EX-SECRETARY THOMAS F. BAYARD. Mr. Bayard has the honor to acknowledge the invita- tion of the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New- York to the banquet to be given to the Hon. Whitelaw Reid on April 16, at Delmonico's, and regrets that a previous engagement prevents liis acceptance. Wilmington, Del., April 8, 1892. CONGRESSMAN ROBERT R. HITT. House of Representatives, Washington, April 12, 1892. Hon. Cornelius N. BUss, Chairman, etc. Dear Sir : I Ijave been trying to so arrange that I might accept your bidding for Saturday to meet you at dinner and join tlie Chamber of Commerce in greet- ing Whitelaw Reid. But it is impossible— engagements and duties prevent it. He did much for America and Americans. He pressed wider open the doors for our commerce in everytliing, as coming years and increasing returns will show, for which the Chamber of Commerce of New- MEMOEIAL ADDEESSES AND AFTEE-DINXER SPEECHES. 47 "York may well testify appreciation ; but tl: e ^^ est lias ^ special and grateful satisfaction m Ins s access in securing the readmission , after a long taboo, of "the «hort and simple animal of the poor/' Tnis is a great, substantial fact, ^vith solid_results already felt. The Immense difficulties and pDwerful resistance overcome T can well appreciate, knowing the strong interest of the great agricultural proprietors and their compact organization and political power m tiie_ CJ-iamber of T)eputie'- which, during the first Administrataon of T*r4ident Grevy, when we thought we were on the eve -of success and had already obtained a decree from the Executive, thwarted all our eftcrte by the action of tl:e ■Chamber. The skill, the untiring patience and discreet activitv with which his triumph was won mark him as •one ofVe wortliiest in the long line of illustiious men ^ho have filled the French Mission, and prove again that America can, witliout the training of a diplomatic career, produce one whose abiUties, tded by the se- ^reirest test of success, place him in the very front rank Of diplomatists. Te.y truly yours,^^^^ ^ ^^^ THE FRENCH MINISTER. Legation de France, aux Etats Unis, Washington, April 6, 1892. Sir: I hasten to thank you for the very great Mndness of your invitation to the banquet, on the 16th of April, to the Hon. Whitelaw Reid. Unhappily at will be impossible for me to accept it, as I am unavoidably occupied at that date by other engage- ments. I regret all the more not to be able to accept your very gracious hospitality, because the personal relations between myself and your Minister at Paris have always been most agi'eeable. and I am very much pained not to be able to be present at New- York upon the interesting occasion. (Accept, sir, the assurance of my distinguished con- sideration. PATENOTRE. To Mr. Charles S. Smith, President of the Chamber of Commerce. EX-SENATOR WILLIAM M. EVARTS. 231 Second-ave. Gentlemen : I have had the honor to receive the invitation of the Chamber of Commerce to attend a public banquet to be given in honor of ^Minister White- law Reid on SatuiMiay, the 16th inst. I most heartily appreciate the eminent services to the country rendered by Mr. Reid. in the commercial and other great interests, in his conduct of his impor- tant mission during the last three years as our diplo- matic representative in France. It is but a lust tribute to these gi*eat public services which the Chamber of Commerce proposes to pay to our dis- tinguished citizen, and in whlcli the cordial sentiments of all our people will find their just expression. I regret, however, to feel that the impaired con- cLition of my eyesight precludes me from taking part in public assemblages, and with my sincere wishes for the prosperitv of this noteworthy celebration, and with my thanks for the attention shown me by the in- vitation of the Chamber. I am. gentlemen, very re- spectfully, your obedient servant. ^WLLIAM M. EVARTS. Cornehus N. BUss, esq.. Chairman of Committee. GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS. West New-Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. April 11, 1892. My Dear Sir : I beg to acknowledge tlie invitation of the Chamber of Commerce to the banquet in honor of Mr. Wliitelaw Reid, and I regretj sincerely my InabLlity to accept it. It is most fitting that the ancient and iionorable institution wliich has so long represented with the highest cliaracter and dignity the commercial interest of New- York sliould pay a tribute of respect to the distinguished citizen wlio as Minister to France lias served with sucli eminent abUity the interests both of New- York and of the country. As a fellow-craftsman of :\Ir. Reid in tlie press, T share its pride in the distinction of so eminent an associate, and, join heaitily in welcoming his return "to drink deliglit of battle"' witli the eager host he iniows so well. Very respectfullv yours, GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS. Mr, Charles S. Smith, Presirlent. FREDERICK W. SEWARD. Montrose, N. Y., April 11, 1892. Gentlemen : More than a dozen years ago, when a liigh diplomatic place was offered to Mr. Reid, he de- clined it— wisely, I thought, because his great jour- nalistic enterprise then needed his personal presence and attention. When, during tlie present Adminisira- tion. tlie Government again sought his aid in affairs altroad, Tlie Tribune had become so tboroughly organized and assured of success that he could aecept the proffered honor. So, in fact, he iias been serving his country on botli sides of the Atlantic at once— as journalist and diplomatist. How well and faithfully his diplo- matic labors liave been performed is now a matter of historic record. He has rendered eminent service i^^t promoting the interests of American commerce in Eu- I'ope, as well as in strengthening the traditional friend- ship beirsveen France and the United States, which dates back to the very beginning of our Repubhc, and I trii-t may continue to its end. Your welcome to him on his return is a deserved recognition and tribute. I regret that other engage- ments wiU deprive me of the pleasure of sharing in it. Verv respectfully yours, FREDERICK W. SEWARD. Messrs. Cornelius N. Bliss, etc. EX-SECRETARY HAMILTON FISH. New- York, April 8, 1892, No. 251 East Seventeenth-st. To the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New- York. Gontlemen : I have the honor to acknowledge the invitation to the TTanquet to the Hon. Whitelaw Reid, to be given on April 16. It would afford me much pleasure to join in this well-merited tribute to Mr. Reid's valuable services to the country, but the con- dition of my health compels m© to deny myself the pleasure. I am, very respectfully, HAMILTON FISH. GEORGE W. CHILDS. Philadelphia, April 15, 1892. My Dear Mr. Babcock : I suppose I am indebted to your land thoughtfuhiess for the invitation to the Chamber of Commerce dinner to Mr. Reid. I promptly accepted, and expected much pleasure in being among so many of my old friends, but I find now it will be impossible to be present. Will you please notify the secretary, so my seat may be filled, perhaps by a be.ter man. None who will be present to-morrow night can possibly have a gi*©ater regard or greater apprecia- tion of Mr. \\'liitelaw Reid than your old friend, GEORGE W. CHILDS. Samuel D. Babcock, esq. HENRY WATTERSON. Everett House, New-York, April 15, 1892. My Dear Sir : I deeply regret that I am unex- pectedly called away, and that I shall not be able to be present to do honor among his neighbors to my old and beloved friend, Whitelaw Reid. No man ap- preciates his private worth more than I do, or has a higher appreciation of his public servicer. I share to the fullest the spirit of the occasion, and am truly sorry that I cannot personally join in its celebration. With many thanks, dear sir, to you and the Chamber of Commerce for your hospitable and kind invitation, I am, sincerely, HENRY WATTERSON. The Hon. Cornelius N. BUss, etc., etc. VISCOUNT PAUL D'ABZAC, CONSUL-GENERAL OF FRANCE. Consulate-General de France, a New- York, April 16, 1892, 4 Bowling Green. To the Honorable President of the Chamber of Com- merce of the Stat© of New- York, New- York City, N. Y. Sir : I regret deeply that the condition of my health prevents me from enjoying the courteous invitation the Oliamber of Commerce of the Stat© of New- York has extended to me to be one of its guests at the banquet tendered to the Hon. Wliitelaw Reid, Minister Plenipotentiary of the United States to France. I respectfully request you to express to the Chamber of Commerce and to your distingui-ihed guest my sincere regrets at not being among those who will welcome the Hon. Whitelaw Reid on his return, to his native land after the successful and hrilhant achievements of liis diplomatic mission, wjilch will be long remembered in France as well as in the United States. I remain, sir. respectfully yours, PAUL D'ABZAC. Consnl-General. THE REV. DR. R. S. STORRS. 80 Pierrepont-st., Brooklyn, N. Y., April 11, 1892. Gentlemen : It would give me very great pleasure to accept your kind invitation, and be present at the 48 LIBRAEY OF TEIBUNE EXTRAS. Banquet proposed to be given by the Chamber of Ck)m- merce to the Honorable Whitelaw Reid, in recognition of the recent distinguished services rendered by liim as "Hlnlster of the United States to France. I yield to no one in my admiring estimate of the ability and shining success ^vith whicli he has dis- charged, the sometimes critical and diflicult duties of that high office — laying both nations under almost equal obligation ; and if it were possible I should be most happy to join with you, and with those for whom you are acting, in expressing to Mm in person my special esteem and honor But the evening selected for the banquet is one on wMch I cannot be away from home, and I must hope for some other opportunity to say more fully what In this hurried note can be only briefly and imperfectly suggested. With great personal regard, and with thanlis for your pleasant remembrance of me in connection with an occasion so signal and delightful, I am, gentlemen, ever faithfully yours, R. S. STORRS. Messrs. Cornelius N. Bliss, Samuel D. Babcock, Chauncey M. Depew, Horace Porter, Alexander E. Orr. BISHOP WILLIA:\1 ALEXANDER. Episcopal Theological School. Cambridge, Mass.. April 9, 1S92. The Bishop of Derry and Raphoe desires to thank the gentlemen of the Chamber of Commerce for the Invitation with wMch he kas been favored to the ban- quet to be given to the Hon. Whitelaw Reid on Sat- urday, April 16. The Bishop esteems it as the highest honor to have been invited to such a gathering in commemoration of the services of so conspicuous an American citizen, whose name stands high in the ranks of contemporary diplomatists. But he finds that it will be impossible for him to have the gratification of being present at the banquet, owing to his engagements. THE REV. DR. JOHN HALL. AprU 8, 1892, 712 Fifth-ave. Cornelius N. Bliss, esq., Chairman, etc. My Dear Sir : I am sorry that a fixed duty and a meeting (on each Saturday night) will prevent my shar- ing in the well-deserved honor you propose to our late Minister in Paris. He has done good service in a difficult place, and deserves National recognition. I am, dear sir, with respect, yours most ti*uly, J. HALL. DINNER OF THE LOTOS CLUB HAPPY ISIEMOEIES RECALLED AND PROPH- ECIES MADE. WHITEIiAW HEID THE GUEST OF HOXORr-RE- MARKS BY FRANK R. LAWREXGE, COlLOXEIi THOMAS W. KNOX, ST. CHAIR M'KEL- WAY, WILLIAM H. M'ELROY, JAMES W. ALEXANDER, MURAT HAL- STEAD AND OTHERS. Everything which appertained to affectionate regard and good-fellowship was embodied in the dinner given Saturday evening by the Lotos Club to \\Tiitelaw Reid, a former president of that organization. It was a home- greeting, a heart and soul welcome, to an associate, and it was evident that 3Ir. Reid appreciated the cordiality of the offerings of good-fellowship, by a body of men between whom and himself th.ere are many ties of friendship, some of wliich are too sacred to be made commonplace in stereotyped print. The dinner was given in the clubhouse, but many members of the club consented to occupy seats at tables on the second floor, rather than forego an opportunity to join in the festivities. Frank R. Lawrence, president of the club, presided at the centre table on the first floor and W. H. White, vice-president, ruled the fifty gentle- men who sat at the tables on the second floor. At the'main table down stairs, by the side of Mr. Lawrence, sat the guest of the evening, Mr. Reid^ and at his right was ex-Mayor Abram S. Hewitt, whos& presence was greatly appreciated. Charles Stewart Smith, president of the Chamber of Commerce, sat at the left of Mr. Lawrence. Others at the same table- were Murat Halstead, D. O. Mills, St. Clair McKelway,. J. W. Alexander, William Winter, General Wager Swayne, W. H. McElroy, Thomas W. Knox, Paul Dana,. Robert. E. Bonner, Arthur F. Bowers, Collin Armstrong, Viscount Paul d'Abzac and F. B. Thurber^ The decorations consisted of an oil painting of Mr. Reid, full length, on one side of which was the flag of the Cnited States and on the other that of the Republic of France. On the opposite side of the room was a painting of the steamer La Champagne, on wliich Mr. Reid returned from France, and above it was tlie in- scription : '' She brought our guest over tlie sea from honors abroad to greater honors at home." BEGINNING THE SPEECHMAKING. It was after 10 o'clock when Dr. Lawrence called the assemblage to oMer. In rising to intorduce the guest of the evening he said : The gentleman in whose honor we assemble to-night requires less than any man an introduction to the members of the Lotos Club. The charter of the club, by the Legislature of the State, was granted some twenty years ago to Whitelaw Reid and other gentlemen, Mr. Reid's name being tlie first upon the list, ^rom then until now he has been actively identified •, as great a service as any ; and there are many };t-iuu - men present to-night who can tell from porsonul ex- perience Jiow cleligMful was the relation established and maintained by Mr. Reld among the people of the great, biave and talented nation in whose country he has lately resided. It is occasionally suggested by these who favor ex- treme simplicity- in our government that diplomatic establishments abroad are useless to a country like oui-s. and should not be maintained. That suggestion finds its complete and perfect answer in the diplomatic career of Mr. Reid. (Applause.) We hear it said, upon t!'ie other liand, that the United States should dignify its diplomatic service by bestowing nijre sounding titles upon those who repre- sent it in foreign countries, in order that the Minis- ter of The Inited Slates at a foreign court may no longer be oul-ranlied by the Ambassador of every for- eign Power. To us this seems of little moment: for it is a happy circumstance in the history of our Gov- ernment tliat in a gi-eat, number of instances those who l^ave represented it in foreign countries have been men who rise superior to rank or title; our greatest and our best. We recall with pride that the Ministry to Franc^, which Mr. Reid has just laid down, was ear- liest held hy Franklin and Jefferson, \»hile almost contemporaneously in diplomatic service with our guest of tonight was the lamented James Russell Lowell. A HI XT AT SOMETHING HI&HER. Mr. Reid has resigned lis Ministry to France and returned among us, the same genial, Mndly, unaffected gentleman as in years gone by, and lie would have us think that lie has laid down public office for good and all. Yet. whatever may be his belief or desire. I ask you, without attempting to cast an augury, might it not prove another instance of the happy destiny whic'i: so long has ruled our country if, in tlie future, so typical an American citizen, possessed of character so pnre and ability so splendid, should be ca'led to serve his country at home In a station more exalted thin tliat which he has lately occupied abroad? (Ap- pla-ise.) , ^ , But. gentlemen, you are eager to hear our guest. As citizens, companions, friends, we greet Mm : the L^tos Club welcomes him home. He will find some changes here, bat there can be no change in the af- fection of the members of the Lotos Club for Whitelaw Reid. (Lond and prolonged applause.) MR. REID'S REPLY. The remarlis of Mr. Lawrence were frequently inter- rup:ed by applause. When :Mr. Reid arose he was most heartily cheered, all rising to drink liis health at the suggestion of Pi-esident Lawrence. He spoke as follows : It is evident that the ti-aditions of the Lotos Club are preserved. We always praised our guests— sometimes too much ! It seems to me that, in days gone "By, I have some- times heard the Lotos spoken of also as the club where . they always entertain foreigners. I wish it distinctly understood that this is no occasion of that sort. You are entertaining no foreigner to-night. Furthermore, you are entertaining a man who feels uncommonly at home. Several things have happened to inspire such a feeling. I liave ridden uptown hang- ing to a strap in a Sixth-ave. elevated with the market basket of the woman behind poking me in the ribs and the heels of the man in front reposing on my toes. I have been invited to deliver a lecture, and I have had an opportunity to make a political speech. My friend the reporter has interviewed me, once or twice, I think; and I have even been asked to write for the newspapers. I hadn't landed twenty-four hours till a subscription paper was presented, inviting me to join my neighbors in raising a fund to hire a man to sweep our street; and in looldng over my tax receipts I found that our paternal city government had discharged its duty in presenting its own little bilLs for not doing the same work. I luive likewise enjoyed the privilege of saving from the horrible tor- ture of a lingering death by tMi*st several gentlemen who had had nolhing fo eat for the past forty-eight hours, and had no place to sleep that night. Tlieii* faces were familiar, but it struck me that they had fattened a little on their misery during the past three years, and that tlielr fine complexions had an even ruddier glow than ever. All these, you will admit, are circumstances that ought to make almost any old New-Yorker feel at home again, no matter how long his absence. And then there are the same glorious sunshiny skies above us, and the same electric air about us, whether in the atmosphere or in the people. There is the same warm-hearted appreciation for any little public service one may have been able to render, and tlie same truly American readiness to pardon mistakes in recognition of an honest motive. There is the same open-handed hospitality from all classes of a com- munity that permits political differences to interfere less with its social good-will and genuine friendliness than any other on the face of the globe. In this very club there ai-e probably now, as there always were in the past, more Democrats than Re- publicans. Political critics were accustomed some- times to point to that as a fair measure of my personal influence. It seemed to me a fairer measure of that broad-minded tolerance which characterizes men of the large world, and wliich lies at the very foundation of our democratic institutions, a genuine belief in the maxim of the immortal Scotchman, that whatever the difference in birth, or in fortune or in faith, " a man's a man for a' that." BACK AGAIX WITH FREiH EYES. There is one advantage of a long absence from home that furnishes a certain satisfaction. You come back to your own country' with fresh eyes. And it is amaz- ing what things you see, and how much better you see them. Never did I realize so fully the beauties of our incomparable Central Park as when I came to it, after a three years' absence, fresh from tlie Bois de Boulogne. The man is a public enemy who would deface or curtail it ; and I hope tliis club and all men of good taste and good will in this whole community will suppoi't the spirited young president of the Park Commission, and his colleagues, in their resolute defence of it against every specious scheme of spolia- tion, from whatever quarter it may come. Then there is our arcliitecture. We are apt, in a shamefaced way, to say, " Well, New- York must look rather crude, after the splendid aiohitecture of tlie great European capitals." But tlie fresh eye tells a difier- ent story. It does not deceive us by saying that we have here a Louvre or a 3Iadeieine, or a Place de la Concorde, or even a Hotel de Ville. But it does startle us with the revelation of an unsuspected beauty in such a shabby old gem as the City 1-laU; it does make an old newspaper man feel pretty well satis- tied \vith Printing House Square, to say not! ing of Wall-st. and P^roadway : and it does show a variety and a beauty of architectural effect uptown that begins to warrant us now in being as proud of the extieriors of our houses as we long have been of their interiors. And do you know' that, to a man who lias been haunting the old book-shops on the Quai Voltaire and behind it. (.r the bric-a-brac shops beyond the Place de la Republique or the old site of the Bastile, or who has occasionally, on nights of piditical excitement, explored tiie heights of Montmarti-e, or the byways of the Faubourg St." Antoine, the streets of New-York do not look as badly, in many quarters at least, as he had expected. We have imitated Parisian methods iJ^ (vsphalr to unexpected advantage, if now we could jnlv import the eliiciency of the Parisian broom! This morning I read in the newspapers that we were to have the pleasure of the company here this evening of my distinguished successor near the Government of the French Repul lie. This afternoon he told me he had been summoned to Boston- I should have been plad to extend to him heie m\ congratulations and best \vishes. When I saw lithi last he was in the midst of his 50 LIBRARY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. successful diplomatic work in the fruitful Piin-Ameri- can Congress, I wi h liim the same success and the same enjoyment in the brilliant capital for which he is now nominated. And I take tliis opportunity to reassure him as to any fears concerning it which our new-paper disjmtches for the last few days may have aroused. He need hxve no apprehen ions that Paris will he blown up and scattered to the ^Tinds before he gets there. It has been a long time building, and it will not bie destroyed in a hurry. Neither need he accept too literally the story thiatt a few explosions of blasting material have stampeded the Parisian- 1. They have seen some serious things in their day, and they are not easily stampeded. The city that went through the Reign of Terror, that knew both the glory and the downfall of the greatest soldier since Caesar, that endured the siege by the Germans, and its own C^immune, has learned several things from this varied experience— among tihem. how to doal witli lunatics and moh'-i. Per- sonally, I should feel safer myself to-morrow in the companv of my frii^nd the Pr?f:ct of Police I'l Paris than I should on one of the boats of my other friend, John H. Starin. on tlie next Fourth of (Tuly picnic. ^^'^lat6ver happens to-morrow-^and most likely it will be nothing— Mr. Coolidge will find himself, when he presents lii^ credentials, in what will toe still the gayest, the plea?antest, and the most heautiful city of the world, and he will find there a welcome as coixiial as the national friendship it represents is old. THE. OLD PLACE KEPT FOR HIM. It is a great pleasure in returning home after a long absence to find that one's place has been kept for him, that he has not been forgotten, and that, while the procession has certainly moved on with- out Mm, it can still give Mm room in its ranks. It is a peculiar pleasure to be received here. What reminiscences do not the place and the surroundings call up ; what memories of this hall, and of the older one in Irving Place, next door to the Academy of Music, when life was young and joy was uncon- fined. There we greeted Canon Kingsley and Lord Houghton and Rubinstein aud the King of the Sand- wich Islands— but one of them left now. and he a sovereign in art. Here we greeted Fronde and Mat- thew Ai^nold and Henry Irving and Count de Lesseps. and William S. Gilbert and Sir Artliur Sullivan, and what a host beside. And to name only three of our own people, can any one fail to lemember with a tender reverence our last dinners here to John Brougham, Lester Wallack and .John Gilbert? Ah! me,— in spite of the Lotos Club, the world is growing old ! " I cannot thank you too much, Mr. President, or the club you so worthily represent, for the kindness wliich has marked everv detail of this most gracious reception :— for the care with which you have gathered many old friends to meet me, and for the effort to bring stiU others. Two of your letters to-night, not to aUude to many others, have touched me pro- four.dly : the most generous words of George WUham Curtis" and Edmund Clarence Stedman. Biit I must bring tMs rambling talk to a close. I am not here to nisrht to entertain, even if I could, but to be entertained. And besides, there has been just a little too much of my voice heaiKl in the land for the three weeks or more 'I have been on American soil. I have no wish to wear out my welcome, and I mean to stay here some time. Plainly the hour has struck for a brilliant flash of silence from me. I thank you a tliousand times for aU your good-will and your good opinions— would that I de- served them better. I rejoice with you in tlie pros- perity of the good old club, and I drink to the good health, happiness and long life of its president and of all its members. EX-MAYOR ABRAM S. HEWITT. When Mr. Reid resumed his seat, Mr. Lawrence in- troduced ex-Mayor Abram S. Hewitt, who spoke as follows : Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Lotos Club: Your president said he was reluctant to interrupt the proceedings by the sound of any other voice than those which have already been heard. I sliare mth him most profoundly in that regard, and I thought and think now that it is one of the privileges of old age to be allowed to rest in quiet contemplation, and in the pleasure of hearing others taUi for Ms In- struction. Sir, I feel the poverty of thought, an« more particularly of words, w^hicli comes to those who li lias made a gi'eat discovery, namely, tliey have selected men who had been already ti'ainea in a greater s; uool than any loreigTi community or any gov^ernment under which the ordinary rales of diplomacy exist; they liave selected men trained in an e<;litorial capacity. They have picked out tlie men wiio know eveiy "trick and every motive which inliuences human actions. (Ap- plause.) I think that the very acme of human intelligence was exliibited by the President wJien he chose as tlie man to represent us under very i>eculiar difficulties in the Court of France a man wiio was born and bred in Ohio, and wiio had been giadiuited in the citv of Xew- York in the midst of our local pohtics. fL'iuehter and applause.) I knew perfectly well that whatever he did would be well done, and that all he did as Minister to France would redound to the credit of Ms country. (Applause.) Now, you are also familiar with what Mx. Reid has done aud we are also grateful to him for what lie has done, because he has obtained an enormous trade for this country in France, and I do not think it nec- essarv to speak at any length upon his work there. I find that Ms views have been enlarged iti some parti£iilavs since he left us, and that he is absolutely prepaied to consider how the reciprocal trade be- tween France and the United States might be increased ; and he even suggested that the propoiitiou made by France, of the universal exchange of products be- tween the two nations, might be and would be for the advantage of this country rather than that of Fi*anee. Now, for the Etlitor of The Tribune to have arrived at the conclusion that a foreign treaty can be ad- vantageous to anybo "Arate" correspondence became fainilar, it was recollected that several notable ed- ito.-ials had appeared in '-The Xenia News." One ot them of the tew first, If not the very first, that pre- sented tlie name of Abraham Lincoln as a possible President of the United States. (Applause.) Mr Reid's return to enjoy a restful ume at home, it is clear, will prove the same sort of success that he nad in sailing away for a quiet time abroad. Per- iiaps he is not fitted for a career of repose. He seems already to have suppliel a long felt want m the politics of the State. The Big Four is a Larger Five; and the improvement is auspicious. (Laughter and applause.) ST. CLAIE McKELWAY. Mr. Halstead's speecli was of that kindly character which one successful journalist bestows upon another. And lie Avas followed by another journalist, across Jie East River, who said: Mr. President and Gentlemen : "N'ot Icng agb I was at a dinner given to the guest of honor as an Ohio idea In tlie city of New- York. A week later I was at an- other dinner as a homebrin^ng to the returning Min- ister of the United States to the Government of France. To-niglit I am glad to help out, by in part helping in, a dinner to Whitelaw Reid. (Laughter.) We do not here toast the immigrant. We do not here righteous administration which should be demanded of all public servants, whatever their politics, when once they have been clothed with the duties of representa- tion and with the obligations of rule. (Loud and continued applause.) JAMES W. ALEX.VNDER. Everybody present pronounced 'Mr. McKelway's siieech one of the highest order, and he was lieartily applauded during its delivery and when he sat down. Tlien William Winter, of The Tribune staff, read a poem. Mr. Winter's poem was pronounced by those who heard it one of the best he had ever given upon an after-dimier occasion. Then Mr. Lawrence introduced J. W. Alexander, who s;iid : Tliere was not one word said in my invitation about maldng a speecli. I do not complain of this, because a deaf, dumb and blind man ought to have heard and seen enough of our distinguished friend, Mr. Reid, to be able to pronounce a eulogy upon Mm witliout preparation. But I wonder why I was dis- criminated against and made to speak on the spur of the moment, when Mr. Hewitt, and Mr. Smith, and Mr. Halstead and the others have evidently been getting ready for months. (Laughter.) I see by your book that the Lotos Club was org-an- ized to promote social intercourse between joui-nalists, artists, musicians and members of the theatrical profession. But there is not one word about the American Hog ! Not that I am classifying myself under that head (laughter), although one might be happy to belong to a body for wJiich the guest of tlie evening has shovvn such a decided partiality. (Laughter.) He h,as certainly lifted up that commodity from a condition of degradation and made it dis- tinguished reversing the sentiment expressed in the lines of Hudibras . "For truth is precious and divine, Too rich a pearl for carnal swine.'' But tliere are others who have enjoyed our friend's kindly influence besides the American Hog and be- sides the privileged classes who form the constituency of the Lotos Club. As to artists, for example, thei-e is a great mass of the American peoi)le who haven'4 money enough to buy pictures, haven't skill enough to paint, haven't taste enough to judge, and haven't isense enough to keep quiet. (Laughter.) This large and influential body I suppose I represent to-niglit. (Laughter.) I don't know whether impressionists com© undei' the head of artists or not. In fact, it is hard to get a definition of Avhat an impi-essionist is. An artist in New-Jersey .combed Ms mustache with a lead comb and then went out to walk in the mooMight with a young lady. When they came into the bright light of the parlor her face looked like one of WMstler's etchings, and they said he was an impressionist. iLaughter.) But never mind the definition. The nine hundred und ninety -nine artless ones out of every thousand I represent in doing honor to our accomplished friend, and we are sure to be right, " for art may err but nature cannot miss." Then, as to musicians and theatrical people, we cannot all belong to that class, but we are all going to the fair for the benefit of the Actors' Fund, and we can all be wafted into fairyland by the magic of Padei-ewsM, and I represent all tliose who know nothing teclinically of music or the diama but admire them nevertheless. PECULIARITIES OF THE JOURNALIST. And then as to journalists. 1 see that they conae first in eligibility in the constitution of the Lotos Club. And well they may ! It is not given to all of us to be journalists, but wliat a profession it has grown to be ! When you have done something that you want to keep out of the papers, it seems as if everybody was a journalist, and your front doorstep is invade! by them. (Laughter.) When you have a little "ad." which you want to insert gratis, it seems as if thea'o was not a journalist in the land. (Laughter.) I rep- resent the large class who would hke to be journalists. We look witn awe upon that mysterious personage who, snrouded under the impenetrable protection «ol the imperial "we," wields a power wMch may well excite tne envy of a Czar ! j-'erhaps no one of the class commands more wonder than the man who gets up the Sunday edition. (Laughter). The journalist occupies a niche far higher than the poet. The poet would seem to achieve greatness in propor:ijoa to his incomprehensibility (laughter) ; the journalist in proportion' to his trutJi and force. (Ap- plause.) I saw a statement in a newspaper lately that Walt \Miitman wrote his poems on a tablet held in Ms lap. "We think our subscribers should have the ad.vantage of tliis statement," said the editor, "because nobody can tell by reading one of Walt Whitman's poems what it is vvritten on." (Laughter..) The force of tlie editorial "we" was observable in a paragi-aph in a Western paper which stated that 8am j,ones said : " Next to a pretty woman I like a fast horse." "We don't," commented the edtor; "when 54 LTBRAEY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. we are next to a pretty -woman, we like that Mnd of a horse that you have to build a fire under to get him oil of a snail trot." (Laughter.) Not to dwell on journalists in general, let me say that, speaMng for the masses who are not journaUsts I am proud to be able to pay tribute to the journalist who has honored himself and liis profession by show- ing to what noble ends that profession may lead when practised by a true. sohDlarly and devoted man. I congratulate you. Mr. President, that the same man who began as a journalist, showed how a pure and able paper could be made to succeed, and was called to represent his country and did it to his and his country's credit, is the one whose iniame comes first in the Ust of the organizers of the Lotos Club was for many years its president, and is to-night its welcome guest. It could be said of him during the years when he guided The Tribune, as Bulwer said of one of his characters : " He seemed an embodied journal. Including tlie leading articles, the law reports foreign intelligence, the court calendar, down to births' deaths and marriages." To account for his success one has only to remember that he was a plant sprung from the soil of Ohio, watered by the wisdom of Horace Greeley and ripened under the sunshine of the Lotos Club. (Applause.) I am reminded by the name of your club of the story of Ulysses and his companions, who. after they had sojourned among the lotos-eaters and par- taken of their food, forgot their native land and ne^er wanted to go home agati. I hope that now that Mr. Reid has again tasted the food of the Lotos Club, he. too, will be overcome with that happy languor and will be contefnted to stay among us and never leave us again. (Applause.) Mr. Alexander was followed by General Wager Swayne. Paul Dana also spoke. wiiiLiAM iH. Mcelroy. Then W. H. McElroy, of The Tribune staff, said : Mr. President and Gentlemen of the Lotos Club : As a New-Yorker whose bump of local pride is well developed, I naturally hail with enthusiasm my fellow- oitizen, who is your guest of honor, since he has lent distinction to the metropolis and to our commonwealth. In a public place abroad, of great dignity and responsi- bility, he has l>een demonstrating of late years what he had previously demonstrated at home, that there is no better way of getting first-class work done in a first- class manner than by inducing a newspaper man to do it. (This assertion is made in spite of having written some pieces for the newspapers myself.) (Laughter.) "No pleasure is comparable," says Lord Bacon, "with the standing upon the vantage ground of truth." (Laughter.) Were it not for tins I should hardly ven- ture in this company, which contains so many fore- most representa ives of the other professions, to lay stress upon the fact that the strong and brilliant diplomatic career which just now is inspiring so many eulogies is the career of one who is primarily a jour- nalist and only incidentally a diplomaiist. It might not be In good, in truly good, taste, further to dwell upon this fascinating thought, fascinating to a newspaper man. I shall only ask you to bear in mind, if you please, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of your discriminating appreciation, that the two most successful Ministers to France from the United States have both been press men, to wit, our esteemed back number Benjamin Franklin and our esteemed contemiHjrary, Whitelaw Reid. It would not be strange in the circumstances if an impressionable young journalist, given to magnifying his profession, should be made to exclaim, with one eye on Paris and the other on the record of our late Legislature: " Let me make the newspapers of a nation and I caro not who concocts its laws." Something has been said about the grand Exposition which is to be held in Chicago next yiear. It makes some of us think or an interesting little Incident, not wholly unconn(icted with your guest of honor, of the earlier Philadelphia Exposition. One morning a young fellow from one of th?. Territories who was doing the Art Department, halted before an ImpopJng figure in bronze. He took a fancy to it and was anxious to know whom It represented. Accord- ingly lii© went to one of the oflicials, who Mndly ex- plained: "That's Rienzi, the last of the tribunes.** Instead of thanking his benefactor the young fellow laughed him to scorn, saying : " No yer don't. My pop's taken The Tribune ever since she started, and I happen to know that the last of the tribunes ain't no Ry-en-zee, but a man named Whitelaw Reid." (Laughter.) It is understood In the newspaper rows of the country— a rose by any other name, but never mind — that Mr. Reid has determined at an early day to re- enter journalism. Assuming the report to be correct, I fe3l warranted in alfectionately assuring Mm in be- half of his former associates the country over, that for a young man of capacity, industry and staying power who is good at climbing, there is always room at the bottom. (Laughter.) Bat I must stop lest I be ac- cused of the intention of malring a speech. Just a word or two more. No student of values has yet determined how much glory Is glory enough for one man. It was the favorite boast of one of the rulers of Rome that he found the Eternal City with brick and left it marble. Mr. Reid found the American hog persona non gra^a to France, but when he left the animal, France was calling it mon cher ami. (Laughter.) My \'ery last word is this : there is no verdict so signilicant, so conclusive as the verdict of the jury of the vicinage. As one of the jurymen from tlie panel in th€ tall tower, I trust I may remark, without being accused of disregarding the proprieties, tliat those who Imow Whitelaw Reid best value him most higlily. (Applause.) COLONEL THOMAS W. KNOX. Mr' McElroy was followed by Colonel Thomas W. Knox, who said: There is a mistake in calUng any one to speak for the old members of the Lotos Club, and the mistake reminds me of a little story. An old toper once heard a discussion in wliich some one denounced a certain brand of wliiskey as bad ; when he heard the remark he interi-upted the conversation by saying: " Excuse me, gentlemen, there is whiskey that is better than other whiskey, but there is no bad whiskey." (Laughter.) Now I would say to our most worthy president : " Excuse me, theie are members of the Lotos Club that are younger than other members, but there are no old members." (Applause.) We are all of us young, especially when we meet as we are met to-night. The guest of the evening is a young man ; it is true tliat he has a historj and a past behind hJm, but he has the capacity and the promise of a future th;it will make the past seem very insignificant. I well remember my first meet- ing with him. It was only a short time ago, just after the battle of Shiloh, of wliich he had written one of the best buttle descriptions that appeared in the newspapers, during the war. His ambition then was to serve "Tlie Cincinnati Gazette" so well that it would send liim t'j Washington as its correspondent after the war was over. He obtained liis wish and went to Washington as the "Gazette's" correspondent, and fiv-m Washington he came to New- York, as we well know. History is said to repeat itself; perhaps in about ten months from now he may get back to Washingion again. (Applause.) This dinner to-night is not only a welcome home for our former president, but it is also an anniversary of wlilcii he may not be aware. Exactly twenty years ago to-day, on the 30th of April, 1872, he was put up as a candidate for membei-ship in the Lotos Clilb. A little history may not be out of place by way of information to our younger members and of reminiscence to some who are not so young. In tlie second year of the club dissensions arose, and the dissensions resulted in a split. Every member was arrayed on one side or the other of the fight, andrsome were on both sides of it ; we liad elected a president who refused to serve, and it was impossibl3 to choose a president from our number as it then was. In this emerg:ncv we decided to follow the example of distracted countries on the other side of the Atlantic when they Invite a foreign prince to be their king. We determined to go outside of the club and invite some gentleman who was identified with literature, art or journalism, to become one of us and immediately take office as our president. The invUaTirn was given to Mr. Reid, and I had the honor of bearing to him the invitation on the 2f)th of April, 1872. He said he would consider it and give me an answer on the MEMOEIAL ADDREcSES AND /AFTER-DINx\ER SPEECHES. 55 loUowin.g day. His answer was favorable, his name "was at once bulletined, lie was ^!'lected to member- ship on the 16th of M^y, and he was elected president two days later, eighty-eiglit votes being cast and all of them in his favor. An hour after Ms election he was installed into office, and from that time onward there was no more disunion in the Lotos Club. (Ap- plause.) Before his election the disgruntled malcontents started a rival club wliich had a struggling existence of a few years and, then became one of the clubs that had been. The elfect of the formation of the rival ©lub was to stimulate the members of the Lotos to do All in their power for its prosperity, and there can be no doubt that the stimulus of opposition was of great "benefit to us. Those of us who have been members of the club from Its beginning cannot fail to regard the growth of the Lotos with a good deal of satisfaction, and a consider- able share of that satisfaction belongs to our former president, whose cour;sels were always pnid-^nt and at the same time showed his confidence in the club's strength and ability. More than once he solved in a few minutes questions that had puzzled the directory lor days and days together, and more than once in a meetifi^ of the club he converted into the happiest of happy families what had threatened to be a very -turbulent bear-garden. There are not many now of th''. raenibershir> r>f "twenty years ago, but I contend, as I did when called to my feet, that we are not to be classed as old mem- "bers. We are all youns: and. adhere to the motto of the lotos-eatei^ which you wOl find on the first pnee of the club manual : "In the afternoon thev came unto a land. In which it seemed always afternoon." FROM THOSE WHO COULD NOT COME. Mr. Coolidge, Mr. Reid's successor at Paris, was expected to be present, but he was obliged at the last moment to decline on account of appointments else- where, which rendered it ne»cessary for him to leave the city at an early hour last e%'ening. Many letters of regret were received, some of whicli are as follows : FROM PRESIDENT HARRISON. Executive Mansion, Washington. Au:il 13. 1892. 3S.T, John Elderbin, Xew>-Tork City. Deaj' Sir : The President directs me to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 12th, ln\-iting him. on behaut •of the Lotos Club, to attend a dinner to be given in heno:- of the Hon. Whitelaw Reid on the evening of Sacurday, April 30. He has already promised, if iiossiblc. to visit New- York for the occasion of the cornerstone layhig of the Grant monument on the 27th. and does not feo'l that lie could leave again so soon as the SOtli. Please accept Ms sincere thanks for your friendly rcanembrince. Very truly yours, O. L. PRUDEX, Assistant S cr^tarj-. THE FRENCH MINISTER. Legation, de France aux Etats-Unis. Washington. 14 Avril, 1892. Monsieur : Je m'impresse de vous exprimer tout le Tegrei que .i'epxouve de ne pouvoir accepter la gracieuse auvitatioa QUO \ous avez en 1'cbligv.ance de m'envoyer pour le 30 Avril. J'ai pris pour cette date des engagements •qui me mettent dans l"iu:i)cssibilite de n:e rondre a New- York. J'ai deja du dajlleurs, declinor une autre invita- lion qui m'avail ete adre se pour le meme date. Agreez, je vous prie, avec tous mes remerciments pour votre .uimable pensee, I'assurance de ma consideration le plus Kiistinguee. PATENOTRE. (Translation.) Monseur: I desire to exr|>ress to you my regret at ^eing unable to accept Oie gracious invitation which you liave been so kind as to send me for the 30th of April. I have made engagements for this date which render it lmpos.?ible for me to be in New- York. I have already fdeclined another invitation which was given me for the feame date. Accept, I beg you, with my tnanks for your kind thought, tlte assurance of my most distinguished eon- iSideration. PATENOTRE. GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS. West New- Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y., April 21. 1S92. 2dy Dear Sir : Ac engagement in Baltimore for the evening of the 30th of April makes it imi»ossible for me to accept tiie friendly invitation of the Lotos Club to join in its welcome to Mr. Reid on tiiat e\eumg. But no single voice will be missed in the general acclaim. Few Ameri- can Minl-ters abroad have been rx-eived on their return with so general and hearty a congratulation, and it is due not only to the ability and success with which he has con- ducted important international negotiations, but to the American spirit in which he has represented America. Mr. .Jefferson said that every American foreign Minister ought to be recalled at least after seven years of service, lest he should become too Europeanized. But if Mr. Reid tarried seventy years in the world that Jefferson thought so fascinating, we should not have feared for him such a fate nor have doubted that wherever he might go America would go with him. Yours very truly. GEORGE WILLIAM CURTIS. EDMUND C. STEDMAN. New-York, 137 West Seventy-eighth-st., April 22, 1892. Mr. John Elderkin, Secretary of the Lotos. Dear Mr. Llderkiii : Alter aLCiptlug with alacrity che Lotos invitation to thj dinner in honor of Mr. Reid, I am sincerely grieved to write tliat it suddenly becomes out of my power to b^ with y^u at a festival so sure to be memo- rable. 1 shall be a)-ent; Irom the country at the date named, but cert.>inly should put off my departure if it were possible. I should wish, indeed, to lift my voice w^bh you all on the 30th— when all will be Jacobites for once, no longer singing "Here's a health to them that's awa' " and "He's been lang o' coming!" but "Carle, now the king's come '." and "Sir Chariie h? has come— We'll h.e a jub'lce year," —over and beyond the admiration which I share with you for the oflicial si.:ccess of your ex-i->resident, whether as your chief or as the country's legate. E enter very deeply into the spirit which will set the note for your dinner- talk— the note of p'rsonal attec^ilon. For it was my good fortune to becone somewhat intimate with Mr. Reid In the m-orning of his promise and aspirations. He honored ne with his friendMiip thrty years ago, and at an age when one shows exactly what he is and what he is likely to be. From, that time to this I have been indebted to him for loj'al counsel and comrade-hip; and having watched the stages of his career, there is one matter of which I am well qualihed to speak : Mr. Reid has been called "lucky." Well, I think ha is no. The Roman.? demanded that a commander should be "brave, skiiful. fortunate," putting the chief attribute last, for the sake of emphasis. But what I wish to say is that Mr. Reid ha? ably and manfully earned, from the outset, everv leaf of his laurels, every jewel in his wreath, by the most resolute and able work— the kind of work which, when superadded to notable endowments, inspired by sincere convictions, and mai,c.tained by a will-power amounting to genius, is irresistible. Without character, conviction, patriotism, self-discipline, a true Americanism, no American— not even an editor pos- sessed of his inborn literary style— could have the unbroken success which has come to Mr. Reid ; none without a genu- ine loyalty to friends, and an imaffected love for letters and art and the Arcadians who pursue them, could so have endeared him.self to those of us who seek the peaceful bays while he guid&s the war-galleys upon the rolling seas. And as for will-power !— whatever he still desires, that shall he have. We hear that his party has greater ho,Dors in ptore for him. If he really wishes to accept these, the ixirty is shrewd enough to tender thera. For Mr. Reid's way is that of General Crawford, who. as Wellington said when a commissary complained that the General had threatened to hang him if such a thing were not done, "un- doubtedly would carry out his threat, for I have never known him to break his word I" Faithfully yours, EDMUND C. STEDMAN. Others who wrote were Colonel John Hay, Cornelius N. Bliss, Charles A. Dana, Horace Wliite, Joseph H. Clioate, Isaac H. Bromley, Daniel Dougherty, Frederic R. Coudert, the Rev. Dr. Henry Van Dyke and Setli Low^ 56 LIBRARY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. THE NEW-ENGLAND DINNER. IN NEW-YORK DECEMBER 22, 1891. ADDRESSES BY J. PIEKREPONT JNlOllGAN, THE REV. JOSEPH H. TWITCHETjL, THE REV. DR. HUNTTNGTOX, ISAAC H. BROMLEY, CHAUNCEY M. DEPEW, GENERAL PORTER AND CONGRESS- MAN DALZEL.L.. At the New-Englaoad Dianer the attendance was very large, 450 covers being laid at Sherry'^. It was not until 10 o'clock thait. the president, J. Pierrepont Morgan, succeeded in opening the way for tlie speeches of it he evening, which were in- tensely enjoyed by the large assemblage. When the coffee was served Mr. Morgan arose and, calling the assemblage to order, said : Members of the New-England Society : Again I •welcome you to our annual banquet. Diu-ing the year which has just passed, prosperity has reigned within our borders. The treasurer reports funds in his hands amounting to close upon $90,000. The regular annuities to widows and cMldren of deceased members applying therefor have been paid and your Charity Committee, by wise discretion, have expended the mioney placed at their disposal, amount- ing to about $2,500, in relieving the necessities of New-En glanders who have been found suffering and In distress. Twenty-siix of our members have been removed by death (eleven less than last year), and it speahs well for the character and virtu- ous lives of the members of this society wlien I say that with scurcely an exception those who have passed away had lived for more than three score years and ten, and have left behind them a record worthy of their origin and of the community in which they lived. During the year seventy-five new members have been elected, and the total number upon our rolls at the present time is 1,530. (Applause.) Having thus made to you every official report I will not longer detain you and we will proceed to the regular toasts of thb evening. I will call upon the Rev. Joseph H. Twichell, of New-Haven, Conn., to respond to the toast, "Forefathers' Day." MR. TWICHELL SPEAKS. Mr. Morgan then introduced the Rev. JVIr. Twichell, who saioT Mr. President and Gentlemen of the New-England Society : The posture of my mind the last fortnight relative to the duty of the present hou]>— wliich, indeed, I was proud to be assigned to, as I ought to have been, but wliich hjas been a blacls care to me ever since I undertook it— has a not inapt illustration in the case of the old New-England parson, who wlien aslied why he was going to do a certain thing that had been laid upon him, yet tliie thought of which affected him with extreme timidity, answered: "I wouldn't if I didn't suppose it had been foreordained fi'om all eternity— and I'm a good mind not to as it is." (Laughter.) However, I have the undisguised good will of my audi- ence to begin with, and tliat's half the battle. The forefathers, in whose honor we meet, were men of good will, profoundly so ; but tliey were, in their day, more afraid of showing it, in some forms, than their descendants happily are. Tho first time I ever stood in the pulpit to pi"each was in the meeting-house lof the ancient Connecticut town wliere I wiH brought up. Th;<.t A\a.> a great dny |oi our folks and all my old nelglibors, you may de- pend. After benediction, wheu I passed out into tlie vestibule, I was the recipient there of many congratu- latory expressions. Among m^y finends in the crowd was an aged deacon, a man in whom sur visaed, to a rather retnarUable degree, the original New-England Puritan type, who had knoAvn me from the cradle and to whom the elevatiOTi I had reached was as gratifying as it could possibly be to anybody. But when he saw the smile of favor focussed on me there, and me, I dare say, appearing to bask somewhat in it, the dear old man took alarm. He was apprehensive of the consequences to that youngster. And so, taking me by the hand and wrestling down his natural feelings- he was ready to cry for joy— he said: "Well, .Toseph> . I hope you'll live to preach a great deal better than thatl" (Laughter.) It was an exceedingly appro- priate remark, and a very tender one if you were at the bottom of it. Tliat severe, undemonstrative New-England habit, that emotional reserve and self- suppression, thouffh it lingers here and there, has mostly passed away and is not to be regretted. As much as could be has been made of it to our forefothers' discredit as has been made of everything capable of being construed un- favorably to them. They to whom to what they call the cant of the Puritan is an offence themselves have established and practise a distinct anti-Pimtan cant *with which we are all familiar. The very people who find it abhorrent and intolerable that they were such censors of the private life of their contempo- raries, do not scruple to bring to bear on their private life a search-light that leaves no accessible nook of it unexplored, and regarding any unpretty trait espied bv that unspearing inquest, the rule of iudgment per- sistently employed— as one is obliged to perceive— tends to be :'No explanation wanted or admitted but the worst. (Applause.) Accordingly, the infestive deportment characteristia of the New-England colonist has been extensively in- terpreted as the indisputable index of his sour and morose spirit begotten of his religion. I often wonder that in computing the ca,use of his rigorous manners so inedequate account is wont to be maie of his situation, as in a principal and long-continuing as- pect substantially military ; which it was. The truth is, his physiognomy was primarily the soldier stamp on him. HIS STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE. If you had been at Gettysburg on the morning of July 2, 1863, as I was, and had perused the countenance of the First and Eleventh Corps ^ xhausted and bleeding with the previous day's losing battle^ and the countenance of the Second, Tiiird and TwrLfth Corps getting into position to meet the next onset wliich everybody knsw was immediately impending, you would have said that it was a sombre community — that Army of the Potomac— with a good deal of grim- ness in the face of it; with a notable lack of the play- ful element; and no fiddling or other fine arts to. speak of. As sure as you live, gentlemen, that is no unfair representation of how it was with the founKJers of the New-England com.monwealths in their planting period. The Puritan of the seventeenth centiu-y liv^d» moved arid had his being on the field of au luidecided struggle for existence— the New-England Puritan most empiiatically so. He was under arms in body much of the time; in. mind all the time. Nothing can be truer tlian to say that. And yet people everlast- ingly pick and poke at him for being stern-featured and' deficient iJi the softer graces of life. It was his beauty that he was so, for it grew out of and was befitting his circumstances. And I, for one,, love to see tliat austere demeanor so far as it is yet hereditary on the old soil, and some of it is left— think- ing of the origin. It is the signature of a fighting far- more than of an ascetic ancestry— memorial of a new Pass of Thermopylae held by the latest race of Spartans on the shores of a new world. (Applause.) It may be dcubted if ever in tii.e history of man- kind wfis displayed a quality of public courage, of pure indomitiible pluck, surp.ihsing that of the New- MEMORIAL ADDEESSES AND AFTER-DIXNER SPEECHES. 5T England plantations in their infant day. No condition of its extremest proof was lacldng. While the Lay Coony, for example, was in the pinch of its first wrestle Avith nature for a living, much as ever able to furnish its table with a piece of bread, with the hunger- wolf never far away from the door ; and behind that wolf the Narragansett and the Pequot at what moment to burst into savagery none could tell— in the season when mere existence was the purchase of pliysical toil, universal and intense, and of watch- ing night and day, there oame from the old country, from tlie high places of autliority, the peremptory mandate : Send us back that charter ! Under the clause of it granting you the rule of your own alLaii's, you are claiming more than was intended or can be allowed. Send it back ! And Mhat was ttie answer ? 3Iind, there were less than 5,000 souls of them, all told; less than 1. 0(^)0 grown men. On the one hand the power of England"; on the other that scrap of a new-born State ; sore-pressed with difficulties already. Wiiat was t]ie answer? Wliv, tliev cot out some old cannon tliey liad and mounted them, and moulded a stock of bullets, and distributed powder, and took of every male citi/en above tlie -acq of vixto>?n H.n oath of allegiance to Massacliusetts— and then set tiieir teeth and waited to s^e what would hnpppn. And that was their answer. It, meant dis1:inctlv — Our charter, wiiich we liad of the king's maiesty Cand thprefo>« came wo hither), is our laAvful i>osses=ion, fail- title to the territory we occupv and the rights we here exercise. And wlioever wants it has got to come and take it. Surrender it we never will ! (Applause.) THEIR GRIT AXD GALLANTRY. Nor was that the only time. Again and again dur- ing the colony's initial stage, when it was exceeding little of stature and had enough to do to keep the breath of life in it, that demand was renewed Avith rising: anger and with menaces ; yet never could those Puritans of the Bay be scared into making a solitary move of any Idhd toward compliance with it. David Avith his sling daring GrOliath in armor is an insufficient figure of that nerve, -that transcendent grit, that superb gallantry. Where will you look for its parallel ? I certainly do not know. (Applause.) They used to tell during the war of a colonel who was ordered to assault a posHtion which Ms regiment, when they had advanced far enough to get a good look at it, saw to be so impossible that they fell back and became immovable. \\Tiereupon (so the story ran) the colonel, who took tlie same sense of the situation that his command did, yet must do his duty, called out in an ostensibly pleading and fervid voice : " Oh, don't give it up so ! Forward again ! Forward 1 Charge ! Great heavens, men, do you want to live forever?" (Laughter.) How those first New-England Puritans we are speak- ing of were to come off from their defiance of the crown alive could scarcely be conjectured. The only ally they had was distance. The thing they ventured on was the chance that the Royal Government, which, had troubles nearer home, would have its hands too full to execute its oinlers 3,000 miles away across the sea by force. But they accepted all hazards what so ever of refusing always to obey those orders. They held on to their charter like grim death, and they kept it in their time. ]\Tore tlian once or t^vice it seemed as good as gone ; but delay helped them : turns of events helped them ; God's providence delivered them, they thought : anyhow they kept it ; that in- trepid handful against immeasurable odds, mainly because in lay not in the power of mortal man to in- timidate them. And I contend that, all things con- sidered, no more splendid exhibition of the essential stuff of manhood stands on human record. Thev were no hotr-heads. All that while, rash as they appeared, their pulse was calm. The justifving reasons of their course were ever plain befbre their eves. They were of the kind of men who understood their oblects. The representative of an English n-^wspaper, sent some time since to Ireland to move ab'^ut anrl learn by persnuai observation the real political mind of the people there, report'^d on his returii that he had been everywhere and talked with all sorts, and that as nearlv as h-^ c^uld n-'ak'^ out, flip attitude of the Irish might be stated about thus: '-'Tbev don't Imow ■\v4iat thev want— and they are bound to have it." (Laush- ter.) But those unbending For:fatl?ers well knew what they wanted that charter for. It was tlicir legal guarantee of the privilege of a spacious freedom, civil and religious, and all that they did and risked for it«- sake is witness of the price at which thev held tliat privilege. It was not that they had any special ob- jection to tlie interference in the province of their domestic administration of the king as a king; for you find them presently crying "Hands Off!" to the Puritan Parliament as strenuously as ever they said' it to the agents of Charles I. It was simply and positively the value they set on the self-governing- independence that had been pledged them at the be ginning of the enterprise. And who that lias a man's heart in him but must own that their inspiration to such a degree, witli such! an idea and sentiment in the time, place and circum- stances in whicli they stood, was magnificenfc? Was- the inexorable unrelaxing determination witti which th.ey, being so few and so poor, maintained their point soriiewhat wrought into their faces? Very prob- ably. Strange if it had not been. Of course it was. But if they were stern-%'lsaged in their day, it was that we in our day, which in vision they foresaw, might of all communities beneath th,e sun have reason for a cheerful countenance. (Applause.) THE RESULTS OF THOSE HEROIC TEARS. They achieved immense great things for us, those- Puritan men who were not smiling enough to suit the ci-itics. The real foundation on which the structure of American national liberty subsequently rose was lait,' accept I will. But, to iell the honest truth, of all the various kinds of public speaking, the one Mnd I especially loath and detest is after-dinner speaking; and the reason is, I never have caught the inack of ic. I don't know how to do it." "Yes, yes," said my friend, the representative, of this society, "we know that, we know tbat; but then you needn't say much. Make it short." (Laughter.) Said I, "I will." I am of the opinion that my parisli- ioner had the best of me. It is wholesome discipline, now and then, for a man to be taken at his own -estimation. By anoJier consideration I am admonished to be brief. There is a tradition, and some of you gentlemen are old enough to authenticate it, that at a New- England Society dinner, fifty years ago or thereabouts, a predecessor of mine in the rectorship of Grace Church —I don't mean Bishop Potter, but Bishop Potter's pre- -decessor's predecessor— got himself into very hot water indeed by making. a spirited reply to a previous speaker "Who had antagonized one of his ecclesiastical beliefs. 'The matter was taken up outside, and there followed a controversial war in the public print the like of which had scarcely been heard of since Cott>on Matlier's day. I*row, how do I know ihat if I were to go on at any length I might not, by pure accident, and without in the least intending it, say something clever and draw upon myself speedy retribu'ion at the hands of the Journalists to-morrow? (Laughter.) But, however it might have been m 1844, the ministers of churches below Fourteenth-st. have nowadays no leisure for theological contention. Their whole energy has to be devoted to shepherding thefr flocks for fear the sheep may run away to green pastures further up the island. (Laughter.) Nevertheless, finding myself here and on my feet, I should like, notwi'hstanding the thinness of the ice, to say a few things that appear to me not "Wholly irrelevant to the occasion. NEW- EN G-L ANDERS STILL. NEW. I have had a feeling for some years past ihat we -N'ew-En glanders were acQLuiescing quite too readily in the conclusion that our last work was drawing to a close; tha: as a distinctive race, a peculiar people, if you please, we were about ready to be mustered out of service. What with the Boston elections and the -dismal letters to "The Evening Post" from tlie hill towns of Massachuse.ts, offering us abandoned farms lor a song, some of us had become prematurely and, as I tliink, needlessly possessed of a fear that the Yankee iniglit be going llie way of the mastodon and the dodo. •(Laughter.) But it is a great mistake for any man or any family of men to settle down to the conclusion ithat there is nothing left in life to be accomplished, to " rust unburnished," as Ulysses puts it, so long as it is possible to " shine in use." No, nothing will persuade me that the Yankee is functus officio quite yet. It may be- come necessary for him tO' change hs habitat, he may be driven out of New-England, but in tnat event he will make a newer England somewhere else. In fact, that is just what he has been doing for the last 100 years, miaking newer Englands all over the Northwest. (Ap- plause.) Not long ago I was visited by one of the great army of interviewers, with the request that I would furnish him with material for uaL£ a column. " But what is it to be a;il about?" I natura.ly asked. "Well," said he with an air of embarrassment such as I have seldom observed on the par-t of the representatives of the press, " Well, I am aslung various men in oificial positions here in_the city to write out their views of the way in which they would like to pass the evening of their days." This seemed to me a little hard upon a man of my years, so I leplied : " Certainly you shall have my %aews, but I am afraid t^at they will scarcely fill out your half-column, for I can express them in three words —'in the harness.'" (Applause.) I am bold to think, Mr. President, tha,t in so declar- ing myself I spoke for my kind, spoke as the geneic Yankee. The thought is not to be entertai^/ed that a race which has been as active as curs has been in the past should be induced, either by fatigue or by the re- actionary influence of a too-great prc^perity, to fold its hands and sit idle for tlie rest of the world's lifetime. Why, sir, the very significance of :ur name forbids. Do you liappen, I wonder, to have heard of the latest and most approved derivation of the word " Yankee" ? You remember that in old times tli^ dictic'naiy makers had a theory that " Yankee" was the Indian corruption of the French name for the English. The explanation was that the word had come down from Canada by the way of Lake Champlain, undergoing transformation at the hands of fur-traders and scouts in the passage. But the learned Dr. Skeats, of the University of Cambridge, nas changed all that, for he assures us in the supple- ment to his " Etymological Dictionary of the English Language" that "Yankee" comes from a Norwegian <^ord which means quick-moving, actlvy, spry ; and then Dr. Gkeats adds with a generous recognition of wha"': has happened in recent nautical history, which in a'^- Euglishman is worthy of all praise, "This goes to show a Yankee is .much the same as yacht." (Laughter.) Now, sir, do you imagine that this "Yankee," thl? quick-hibving, this active, this spry pereonage of the past, intends to be or will consent to be the great do- nothing of the future ? I will .not, for ■• cannot be* lieve it. THE YANKEE IDEALIST The truth is that the typical Yankee is, always ha/^ been and always will be an idealist. It is in his blood. Arthur Hugh ClougJi. the Oxford scholar-poet, who made his home for a while under the walls of Harvard a generation back, wi'iting to Ms English friends his impression of Massachusetts, said : " There is some- thing in this chmate that breeds mysticism." But Clough was wrong; the mysticism, by which he meant what I just called idealism, was not in the air, as he imagined; it was in the blood. The men whom h6 denominated mystics because of their power of dis- cerning things .'invisible, had brought their mysticism with them across the sea from the same land whence Clough himself had come. It was an affair of the heart, not of the lungs. Yes, in spite of the prevailing popular opinion to the contrary, in spite of the wide- spread belief that pi-acticality is the distinguishing note of tlie New-Englander, I make bold to say again that tjie truly representative Yankee is first, last and always an idealist The Yankee notions which best deserve the name are not those which strew the counters of the mercantile world "from China to Peru," not mouse- traps, axeheads, clawha.mmers, Waltliam watches and Waterbury clocks, but rather those r.otions of the mind wliich in the plia*Ase of present-day philosophy we call ideas. (Applause.^ The forefathers whose day we are keeping came over hers with tlieir heads chock full of dreams ; but it waa a kind of dreaming that meant business. (.Applause.) There was that hungry look in their eyes, which in old times gave men the name of seers. But though they saw visions, thev were not visionaries. Thev were men of the sword 3.nd of the bo-Jk, as our statutes ^nd uar MEMOmAL ADDRE SES AND AFTER-DINNER SPEECHES. 59 jjictui-es rightly represent them. The Bible was theii? dream book, tiie sword their implement for hewing in j)ieces whatever might stand in the way of their •dreams coming true. (Applause.) I know that it has become the fashion of late years to poke fun at tha Puritans, but I confess that although myself one of those very malignants whom they would liave been glad to exterminate with that sword of theirs, I cannot make up my moutli to speak lightly of them. The jprofoundest view of the history of the United States is that wliicli sees in it a continuation of the history of England. It is more, but it is that. How patlietic, when we stop to think of it, that name " New-England." They left the old England because they thought— mis- takenly, as it has turned out, but they honestly thought she was past saving— they left the old England and they came to this untenanted coast that they might "build an England new. They had set their hearts on solviug the problem of the perfect commonwealth. In the algebra by which they tried to work it •out the two known quantities from which they started were righteousness and intelligence. These -were the A and B of all their calculatlouh. But it must In honesty be confessed that In spite of their best efforts and our best efforts the X and Y of the j)roblem have never yet been, ciphered out. They are imlmown quantities still. MAKING- GREAT PRO&RETS. Not that we have made no progress Toward the <;ovetod solution; we have made great progress. Wlt- -ness that best of all flattery, which at tlus very .moment the old Fjigland is paying to the new, the flattery of imitation. I would give a pine-tree shill- fing to witness an interview between Governor Win- thioip and Lord Salisbury. How amazed the Puritan would be to leain .of the concessions made by Lords and Commons, within a single generation, to the ^principles of Massachusetts Bay. (.Applause.) And yet the I est of Yankee notions remain still un- realized both in Chui'ch and State. For how can we so much as approximate to that perfect common- wealth after whicli those forefathers of ours aspired, so long as our great cities are given over to misrule and 'Our Christianity is chiefly militant against itself? We have become a Nation of gi*eat cities; therefore our nnunicipal failure is our political failure. We have -had our eyes opened to the fact that our religion is nothing unless it can shoAv itself a social force; there- fore our ecc esiastical failure is our sriiitual failure. Ah, Mr. President, let us never " go back on" the Idealism whicli is oiu* birthright, never pause or falter until in the State we shall have enthroned righteous- ness, and In the Church sliall have established peace. ^Vhen these things come to pass, when we hnve tlirown to the moles and to the bats our "rings," "bos-es" and "machines," and when we have brought together beneath one roof the descendants of the men whose •watchwords under Charles were loyalty and reverence, and the descendants of the men who=e watchwords Tinder Oliver were righteousness and truth, then, all his best notions rerilized, our haippy Yankee may sing his nunc dinlittis— then, but not till then. (Prolonged •a.nd loud applause.) ISAAC H. BROMLEY. The next toast announced by t'.^.e president was ■*' Co.nnecticut's Part in the Business,'.' and Isaac H. Bromley responded as follows: Notwithstanding all that has been said at this table ■for the last eighty -six years by persons who pay $50 to begin with and $10 annually thereafter for the privilege of treating the transaction with levity, i •y de^erx ed. In this re: pect he thought they were at a disadvantage as compared with other colonists. who^;e stories had been told by sober-ininde were here before them bribed the pilot of the Mayflower to tmirle th m up be ween Cape Cod and a stern and rockbound ooa t. That is the way the early Dutch lost all the good lustorians. (Laugh- ter.) SEEKING FOR PLYMOUTH ROCK. Had not the early Butch bribed the pilot of the May- flov^'er the Pilgrim fathers would liave landed on Pot Rocli instead of Plymouth Koclc, and Bradford or Win slow, or Winthrop or Cotton Mather would have written Kniclferbockor s History of New- York, but the Dutch would not have cut so much of a figure in it. The " stern and rockbound coast" of Mr.?. Hemans would have been •flifferent, and the inestmiable boon shortly afterward conferred upon earth's stricken ones would have been known as Hellgate Elixii^ instead 6t New-England Hum. (Great laughter.) The Pilgrim Fathers never lacked for historians, riiey were not the Fle+chti' of Saltoun sort of men-, wiio if they could but make the ballads of a nation cared not who made the laws ; tliey were rather of the type of the modem newspaper man wlio cares not wno larows tae bomb ii he onLy gets the "scoop." (Laughter.) They liept diaries, and when they said an^'tliing definite about the designs of Providence— which (hey were always doing— somebody made a memorandum oi it; partly for the benefit of the historian, but cliietiv for the guidance of Prov"idence. (Much laughter., It wa'^; also the habit of the Pilgrim FatJier wji-en he had said anything tinai and conclu- sive about election, predestination, forordinaiion or whispering in meeting, to go immediately and sit for his picture? before he lost the expression. The re- sult was ill at the historians— and tlie woods round Massachusetts Bay have always been full of them— not only had down fine what the Pilgrim Father sai painters a.nd kepi but few diaries, so the materials for their story are niore scanty and tliey have not fi guided bO largely in spoken speeches or printed books. Perhaps another reason why the attention of the world has been so focussed upon Massacliusetts is that its vowel sounds lend themselves so readily to the uses cf the orator- and rhetorician. Tliere's such a long and impressive roll to tlie words "The Commonwealth of Massachusetts" that the citizen when hf hears it at the end of a Thanksgiving proclamation stretclies out at least two inches longer in his pjw, and thanks God for having been born there instead of in Connecticut or Rhode Island. Since ]Mr. Web-ter. in a burst of admiration for the State wliicli he adorned by his genius and enriched by his promissory notes (much laughter), said, "There she stands! Look at her!" mankind has been engaged in the contemplation of that tableau as rep.esenting all there was of New-England. Only once in awhile a modest voice has spoken from the sisterhood of New-Englani Spates, saying, "We, too, are here." (Laughter and applause.) ABSOLUTE SUCCESS ACHIEVED. The Plymouth and Massachusetts people started in, as we all know, to establish religious freedom. Between 1620 an-d 1632 they had so far succeeded that nobody had any voice in the iTirection of civil affairs except church members, and among these, religious f eedom had found so firm a footing that any person who believed as they did was at perfect Uberty to say so. (Great laugft- ter.) In 1632 there was an influx of new colonists- under the lead of Thomas Hooker and Samuel Stone- who settled in Dorchester, Watertown and Newtown^ These people had views of thei;- own on several ques- tions, and especially upon that rather important one ot tlie s.paiation of Church from State, which afterward exercised so potent an influence m the organization ot civil government in America. They we;e not dispu- tatious nor quarrelsome— Cotton Mather called them "tlie judicious Christians"- but they soon saw that the ditterences upon this very vittil and fundamental ques- tion would be fatal to the peace o^ the community; so in lb34 they applied to the General Court for "hberty to ivmove." It took the General Court a year to bring Itself to grant the request, so strong was the desire ot that body to stvengthen and enforce upon tlie minds of" the new colonists the principle of religious freedom. ,■,, • x**^® spring of 1636 the movement of "judicious- Christians" from the Bay country began, which has been iU progiess in varying volume ever since, the last authenticated case having occur ed in October of the present year. The Newtown people, to the number of a hundred, und^r the lead of Hooker and Stoife, were the pioneers They settled at Windsor, on the banks of the Connecticut, whither they were soon followed by the colonists of Do:chester and Watertown. so that the- original population of the three Bay towns was prac- tically transferred to Windsor, Hartford and Wethers- field by the spring of 1637. They found some very ea-'ly Butch a t^ Hartford, but, the hint being conveyed to them that they were a trifle too earlv, thev retired in g-^od order, leaving only an odor of profanity and a name for -Dutch Point." (Lanchter ) > <* ^ <» It was the "judicious Christians" of these three towns who erected the model of a pure Democracy, tnen unknown upon which the American Republic was built. Not in the cabin of the Mayflower, where- tne " sub:iects of our dread sovereign Lord, King James," made their famous covenant and compact; not in the Massachusetts Bar Colonv, whose head ^^m^ chief had said he did not conceive that God had ever ordained- democracy as a fit government either for Church or Commonwealth, but in Pastor Hooker's studv, in 1638, In the sermon preached to the General Court, upon the i^^ ^^ "^H^-^^ *^^' Connecticut Constitution of Januay, ib.^n. wa^s formM— was govPT-niTiPTit of t>^e peonlf. for tne people and by the people born on this continent. (Gr^at applause.) Here was the beginning of the first democratic- ^I^J!?^,"^''?^^' >^e first formulated n=^sprHon of the people's right to rule, the first efl^^ectiv-^ blow at class privilege. Here was the disseverance of Church- and State, here the ostab'ishment of town ffovrrnment, the beginning of a federated system, the ina-.ismratlon of the plan and model upon which tlie ronqtitntlons of all succeeding commonwealths and of the- United States, were formed. (Applause.) CME PHASE OF HI?TOR,Y, The first proceeding of the General Court organized by these " judicious Christians " was to take decisive- action in thi? matter of the Indian disturbances, which the parent colony had been "puttering with" and only aggravating, for a year or two previous. The Con- necticut General Court formally declared war against- th& Pequots on May 1 ; on May 10, Captain John Mason was on the march with his small force, and in three- weeks' time he had settled the whole business, made- an end of the Pequot tribe and given to New-England forty years of pe^ce. This would seem to be an im- portant transaction. But, except as John Mason toldl the story himse'lf, in a modest and unheroic way, some years afterward, it is almost unrecorded. The history of that period deals chiefly with the hero who shoved Thomas Morton out of the country for disturbing the- Puritan peace, and killed two or three bad Indians In a personal encounter. jMiles Standis.'i li/cd among people who wrote history : Jolm Mason among those who made it. (Applause.) From that time the little State organized by the "judicious Christians" has gone on doing solid, useful work in the world. Steadfast without bigotry, brave wil^hou*- b-astiig, earnest without fanaticism, ' positive- ■without dosrmatism, her well-de-cended sons trace back thrir lineage with pride to the ••judicious Christia'ns" who came out with Hooker and Stone from the three Bay towns in 1036. The woM' which Napoleon could not do withojit, tut which Wellington never needed, does not bedizen the fair page-^ on which Ihe story of Connecticut is told. No gloiies flaunt themselves aiong- that sinrple record of the natural and order 'iv growth and progress of a commonwealth' of connr.nn men. Th& MEMOEIAL ADDRE-SES AND AFTER-DINXER SPEECHES. 61 joarrafcive of triat earlier migration, Avk3u in obedience .to tlie coniiiuiiid " (.iet thee out ol thy ci>iuitr.s aiielow, where, according to his view, no superiority in a.rhletics would have secured graduation. (Laughtea-.) The Dutch definition of crank was a person who when possessed of an idea never failed to keep it before the world, and if necessary could be very disagreeable in uj'ging it upon his conitemporartes, and who nevea' •doubted liimself. The Dutchmen invented the word after Puritan settlement. In Holland. (Laughter.) MISCOMPREHEjS^SIOX of WOR.DS. Nothing has contributed so much to false histoid' as the misuse of words. The Stuart kings persecuted the Puritojns beciause they would not accept the religion of the throne. But these royal personages had no religion as the devout Piuitan understood the woixi. They were dissolute in morals and depiuved in con- duct. They arrayed all the powers of the State on the side of forms, whose substance was that the Icing ruled tlie Church ; but the Puritan placed against their authority his consciLUce, which held that God governed the King. The established order of things was loyally accepted by the classes and the masses, and for the aristocracy and the geutrj,', for the men in ttie proies- sions and in business, fo.- all which with us stands for capital and vested rights, it seemed both heresy and treason to preach reform. The prayers of the Church at that time were like the affidavits of candidates now as to election expen.ses, the margins were la gtr iliaii the texts. (Laughier.) The Puritan who was ready to fight and willing to die for the privilege of worshipping God as he thought right was the phenoiuenal cianic. ol Uie p^iioa. ^i^ w as a perambulating can of moral dynamite, whose ex-' plosion might liberate the souls and minds of men. Ho was beyond dispute the most disagreeable of human beings to all tliat constituted the social and political power of his day. In the unequal oonti >t of i ^ "i ne and his coreligionists were persecuted, imprisoned, exjecuted or exiled. But his fight was noc for time, but fOr et'3rnitv. Stuart kings are dead: their tiirones hwe been taken from their sons, and their power transferred to a house alien in blood and faith ; but the sons of the Puritans govern half the Avorkl, and Tacir p:i- ciple> are the vital and energizing forces with the other half. (Applause.) When the Mayflower sailed from Delfis- haven there were thlrtv sovereigns iiovprnina- Eur pe, whose names fll'ed all the requirements of cont'^mporary fame. Tlie departure of the Mayflower and her cargo of 120 passenge.s made no more impression upon tue politics or affairs of Europe than did the parting of the waters beneath her keel upon the Atlantic Ocean. For 271 years the fight h-as been hot between the cranks and the kings. The monarchs a'e forgotten, and their kingdoms and principles merged or lost ; but the leaders of the Pilg: im band are for the New Wortd the canonized saints of civi! anrl religious libe ty. (Applause.) THE. PURITAN APPRE/CIATED. The Dutchman saw the splendid quality of the raw material which came among them for refuge. They understood that crankiness indicates snrplus energies and determined to prepare it lo. power by opportunity and education. They gave the free school to the Puri- tan children, the free press to the Puritan writers, free chu.ches for the Puritan religionists, and opened the trades for Puritan artisans. The Dutch declaration of Independence was a liberal education in liberty, and th'e Dutch Republic a model for State sovereignty and Na- tiou-al power. (Appiause.) After Pastor ivobinson and Elde:- Brewer and their flocks had been five years in the kindergarten of freedom and toleration, the best of the leaders were admitted to the University of Leydcn. The college auth.rities appoitioned to each of them, according to the custom of the university, two tuns of beer every month and ten gallons of wine every (luarter, or forty gallons of wine and twenty- four hogsheads of beer each year. Such was the hos- pitality of the DutcJi, and such the capacity of our Puritan forefathers, (Laughter.) The orators who tverv year at t!iis banquet indulge in pleasing fictions of the amazement and horror of the forefathers If they should drop in on these feasts have not studied history. By the time the ancestor had laid his de- generate de'=cendant under the table his own mind could only have reached the period of severe medi- tation. (Laughter.) In an age when trading com- panies were apportioning the New World and coloniz- ing it for fotuinerce and profit, for the Pilgrims to select the most un.fdospi table section of the Atlantic coast for settlement, solely that they might enjoy free- d^Mn of conscience in the wilderness, seems heroic now, but was esteemed folly then. According to the standard of the time it might be fanatijal, but it was noi: bu>i"e s. CLaiighier and applajise.) The chartei they framed on the Mayflower, for th.e rir.st time in the construction of government, pro- rlaimed an organization upon the basis oi just and ^(;ual laws. For that tlicy A\ould have beT. executed for high treason in any country in the world except Holland. The tremendous success of their experi- ment Is the strongest lesson to us not to fear the iruih because oi its advocates or our prejudices. (Applause.) These men were the sto-ned and derided prophets of their period, and the accepted guides of 62 LIBEAEY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. ours. Pastor Jolin Robinson was not only the broadest- minded preacher in that bij^oted period, but he liad the elements of cranlc heresy even of our day. The words of his i>arting sermon to the Pilgrims the night of their departupe from Delftshaven might have diistiirbed an ecclcsiiastical convention now. He said: "And if God should revea.I anything to yon by any other iustm- ment of His, be as ready to receive it as you were to receive any truth in my ministry ; but I am conJid/3nt that the Lord hatJi more light and tmtli yet to break out of His holy Word. The Lntlie»ans. for example, cannot be drawn to go beyond W'hat Luther says; and whatevei' part of God's will He hath furthear imparted to Calvin they will die rather than embrace : and so the Calvinists sticlt where he left them. This is a misery much to be lamented, for thougli tliey were precious sluning lights in their twne, God hath not revealtd His whole will to them." A PURITAX PASTOR'S LIBEPvALITY. Tills glorious recognition of progress and declaration ol open-mindedncss to research and revelation, this courageous confidence that light, more light, purifies the atmosphere and iUumines truth was not the ex- pression from Faneuil Hiill of yesterday, but the utterance of a Puritan pastor of nearly three centuries ago. It might have been both the text and argument of the delendei-s of Philliuis Brooks and Dr. Briiggs. The torefai'hers did not comprehend then the full force of their Uberal leader's teachings, but his lesisions have blossomed and fruited in their descendants unitil New-England has found as many patlis to lieaven as there are Yankees on tlie eam h. (Laughter and applause.) The trials, persecutions and isolatioiii of the Puritans so centred their thoughts in and upon themselves that they could die for their own liberty : bfut (Hhe devil was their enemy and all who disa,greefl with them were liiB followers. When at Lexington the farmers fired the shot tliat e'C-hoed round .lie world, thev had exorcised the de^il and could fight and die for equal liberty for every man. They burned Mrs. Rebecca jSToui-se at Salem for witchcraft; bult 260 years afterward they ea'eeted a monument to her memory. The Pimtan could always be relied on to compensate and satisfy any one he had wronged —if you gave him time. (Laughter.) The Puritans were not traders or men of commerce, but Starve builders. In their ^traits for money they sent Captain Miles Standish to Landon. He succeeded upon the pledge of all New-England as secuiity, Inicluding, of course, PlymoutQi Rock, in raising 150 pounds sterling at 50 per cenit intereist. Now, whether money is wanted to build a railroad or to help preven^^^ a financial cataclysm in England, the sons of the Pilgrims are the lenders of the cash. Theiy return good for evil by reducing the rate of Initereisit. (Laughter and applause.) 'Hie acknowledged head of Yankee bankers is the president of your so- ciety. He ha® esta-blished a. higher rale of honor, based ujpom IPurltan principles, thait if millions of rail- road bonds agreed to be taken at a price cannot be marketed when the company is ready to deliver them, though bhe engagement is only a verbal promise, Uiot enf oroLble at law, the word of a Yankee banker is a contract under seal. (Applause.) iSOMETHINS ABOUT FANATICS. "These quarters are very pleasant," said an inmate of Bloomiuigdale Asylum, "but I do not lUve Dr. Brown, because he called me a fool." "Oh," I replied, "Dr. Brown is a perfect gentle- mam, and you must be mistaken." "WeU," argued the lunatic, "I overheard the doctor say that I had a congenital and abnormal develop- ment of the cerebellum, and if that isn't calling a man a damned fool. I don't know what it is." (Laughter.) The Puritan has enioved the just repute as a fanatiio, of the highest distinction ae a icrank, but whether it was the King or the Church which en- countered him they never after the battle thought liim a fool. He never threatens bhe life of the individual or takes private property ; but if commerce or buslines s or vested interests are entrenched in moss-covered rings, he takes the ring, no matter who or what it hits or hurts. He shakes the business world by throwing over tea in Boston Harbor; but by that he vindicates an immoral principle and creates a nation. He throws conservative pulpHis into convul- sions or terror when he proclaims that bleeding Kansas needs not Bibles but rifles. (Laughter.) He knows that when the question is whether a great victory shal\ te dedicated to freedom or slavery, the border ruffian requires discipline with Winchesters before he is. pre- pared for the Bible lesson. Our poUte conditions have not removed his crankiness, and I hope never will^ He can become popular with partv leaders and office- seekers by laboring for Civil Service reform, and can still arouse their dormant consciousness and forces by boldly charging that an attempt to defeat the popular will, as expressed in the votes of tlie people, by quibble or trick, and in order to carry a Legislature, is an assault upon the sulfrage and a subversion of the ballot. All hail the Puritan cranks, the ISIiltors, the- Cromwells, the Hampdens of the Old World, the Otises, the Adamses, the Lloyd Garrisons, the John Browns,, the Abraham Lincolns of the New. They are for liumanity and the elevation of light and liberty. (Loud cheering and long-continued applause.) GENERAL PORTER'S REPL'^. ]\Ir. Morgan then called upon General Horace Porter to speak to " Sires and Sons." General Poi'ter said : I have acquired some useful experience in attending: New-England Society dinners in various cities. I dine Avltli New-Englandsrs in Boston ; the rejoicing is marked, but not aggressive. I dine with them in New- York; tile hilarity and cheer in mind are increased in a large degree. I dine with them in Pliiladelpiiia ; the joy is unconfined and measured neither by metes nor bounds* Indeed it has become patent to e%^ery observer that the fiu'ther the New-En glander finds himself from New- England the more hilarious is his rejoicing. (Clieers and laughter.) Whenever we find a son of New- England who has passed beyond the borders of his own section, who has stepped out into the damp cold fog of a benighted outside world and lias brought up in another State, he seems to take more pride than ever in his descent — ddiubtless because he feels tliat it has been so great. (Laughter.) The New-England sire was a stern man on duty and determined to administer discipline totally regaidless of previous acquaintance. He detested all revolutions in which he liad taken no part. He was always ambitious to acquire a reputation that would extend into the next world. If he possessed too much piety it was tem- pered by religion ; while always seeking out new virtues he never lost his grip on his vices, (Laughter.) Wlien he landed at Plymouth he boldly set about the appalling task of cultivating the alleged soil. (Laugh- ter.) His labors were largely lightened by the fact that there were no agricultural newspapers to direct his eft'orts. (Laughter.) By a fiction of speech which could not have been conceived by a less ingenious mmd, he founded a government based upon a common poverty and called it a commonwealth. (Laughter.) He was prompt and eminently practical in his worldly metliods. In the rigors of a New-England winter whei^ he found a witch sutteitng he broaght lier into the fire ; when he found an Indian sufl'ering he went out and covered Mm with a shotgun. (Laugliter.) The discipline of the race, however, is cluefly due to the New-England mother. She could be seen going to church of a Sabbath with the Bible under one arm and a small boy under the other. When lier offspring were found sulfering from spring fever and the laziness which accompanied it, she braced them up with a heroic dose oi brimstone and molasses. The brimstone given here was a reminder of the discipline hereafter; tlie molasses has doubtless been chiefly responsible for the tendency of the race to stick to everything, especi- ally their opinions. (Laughter.) The New-Englanders always take the initiative in great National movements. At Lexington and Con- cord they mai'ched out alone ■vvithout waiting for ^he rest of the Colonies, to have their fling at the ixJd- coats, and a number of the colonists on that occasion succeeded in interfering with British bullets. (Laugh- ter.) It was soon after observed tliat their afternoon excursion had attracted the attention of England. They acted in thie spii'it of the fly who bit the elephant on the tail. When the fly was asked whether he ex- gected to kill Mm he said : " No, but I notice I made im look round." (Laughter.) THEIR RESPECT FOR IMPOSSIBILITIES. Such are the inventive faculty and self-reliance of New-Englanders thiat they always entertain a pro- MEMORIAL ADDRESSES AND cAFTER-DINNER SPEECHES. 63: found respect for impossibilities. It lias been largely owiiig to tHeir influence that '•^^e took the negro, who is a natural agriculturist, and made a soldier of him; took the Indian, who is a natural warrior, and made an agriculturist of him ; took the American, who is a natural destructionist, and made a protectionist of him. They are always revolutionizing affairs. Recently a Boston company equipped withi electricity tjie horse- cars, or rather the mule-cars, m the streets ot Atlanta. When the first electric-motor cai-s were put into ser- vice an aged "contraband" looked at them from the street oorner and said : " Dem Yankees is a powerful sma't people, first they come down h'yar and freed de niggers, now they have done freed de mules.' (Laushter ) The New-En glander is so constantly engage! in creat- ing changes that in his hand even variety becomes monotonous. When a German subject finds lumseit oppressed by his Government he emigrates; when a French citizen is oppressed he makes th3 Governmanii emigrate. ; when Americans find a portion of their Gov- ernment trying to emigrate they arm themselves and spend four years in going after it and bringing it bacK. (Laughter and applause). You wiU~find the sons of NeW-England everywhere throughout th? world, and they are always at the fore. I happened to be at a French banquet in Pans where several of us Americans spoke, employing that foriu of the French language which is so often used by Americans in France, and which is usually so sue cessful in concealing one's ideas from the natives. There was a young Bostonlan there who b|hev^ he had successfully mastered all of the most ditticiilt modern languages except that which is spoken by the brakemen on the elevated railroad. (Laughter.) When he spoke French the only departure from the accent ot the Parisian was that "'nuanc" of difference arisnm from the mere accidental circumstance of one having learned his French in Paris and th3 other m Boston. The French give much praise to Moliere for having changed the pronunciation of a great many French words: but his most succ ssful efforts in that direction were far surpassed by the Boston young man. }\hen he had finished his remarks a French gentleman sitting beside me inqnir d. "Where is he froui," I replied, "From New-England." Said he. "I don't see anvthing English about him except his French." (Laughter). A TRIBUTE TO GEXERAL SHERMAN-. In speaking of the sons of New-England sires, I know tliat one name is uppermost in all minds here to-night— the name of one who added new lustre to the fame of his distinguished ancestors. The members of your society, like the Nation at large, found them- selves within the shadow of a profound grief and oppressed by a sense of sadness aMn to the sorrow of a nersonal bereavement as they stood with un- covered heads beside the bier of WiUiam T. Sherman ; when the echo of his guns gave place to the tplhng of cathedral bells: when the tlag of his countiw which had never been lowered in his presence dropped to halt mast as if conscious that his strong arm was no longer there to hold it to the pealv : when he passed from the living here to join the other lining commonly called the dead. We shall never meet the gi-eat soldier again nntil he stands forth to answer to his name at roll- caU on the morning of the last great reveille. At this boaM he was always welcome. The same blood coursed in his veins which iiows in yours. All hearts warmed to him with the glow of an abiding affection. He was a manv-slded man. He possessed all the characteristics of the successful soldier; bold in con- ception : vigorous in execution, and unshrmking under grave responsibilities. He was singularly self-rehant, demonstrating by aU his acts', that " much .danger inalves great hearts most resolute." He combined in Ins temperament tlie restlessness of a Hotspur with tlie patience of a Fabius. Under the magnetism of his presence his troops rushed to victory with aU the dash of Caesar's Tenth Legion. Opposing ranks went down before the fierceness of his onsets, never to rise again. He paused not till he saw the folds of his banners wave above the stroneholds he had wrested from the foe.. WTiile manldnd will always appreciate the practical workings of the mind of the great strategist, they will also see in his marvellous career much which savors of romance as well as reality, appeals to the imagina- tion and excites the fancy. They ^vin picture him as a legendary knight moving at the head of conquering columns, whose marches were measured not by single miles, but bv thousands : as a general who could make a Christmas' present to his President of a great seapoi-t city ; as a cMeftain whose field of military operations cov^ered nearly half a continent; who had penetrated; everglades and bayous ; the inspiration of whose com- mands forged weaklings into giants ; whose orders all spoke with the true bluntness of the soldier ; who fought from valley's depth to mountain height and marched from inland rivers to the sea. No one can rob him of his laurels, no man can lessen the measure of his fame. His friends will never cease to sinff palans in his honor, and even the wrath of his enemies, may be counted in his praise. (Prolonged applause.)" CONGRESSMAN DALZELL. The next and final toast was " New-England in Congress in Early Days," and Congressman. John Dalzell^ of Pittsburg, Pe.nn., spoke ia response. He said : There is comfort to me in the thought that this i& not an occasion where one can be expected to say any- thing new, if, indeed, there be anything new under the sun. What new tiling can be said of New-Eneland history, New-England heroes or traditions? Have they not been embalmed by her own sons ia classic prose and starring verse? If we must f^aF trite tilings, it is our privilege to say them in connec- tion with the story that never grows old, the. story of Liberty. If we may not enrich the world with new thoughts, we can, at least, enrich ourselves by dwelling^ again on the heroism, the fortitude and devotion which dedicated a new continent forever to the cause of civil- and riligious fi-eedom. As lovers of hbcr.y and of the heroic of our kind, we may Ught anew our torches at the altar whose fires, kindled on the bleak New- England coast, now make splendid with tlieir light a world's horizon. Precious are the human virtues of courage and conscience that bud and blossom even iu the lost cause ; but how inestimably admirable are these same virtues when their fruitage continues to ripen to tlie advancement of human progress and of a'll that makes Lfe wortli living. (Applause). There are two or tliree thoughts connected with the relation of early New-England to our system of gov- ernment of which I would speak in very briel terms and merely by way of outline. Because it is so that the thirteen original States of the Uni:n became the United States uniar the system of government with which we are famihar, it by no means follows tliat their union on that basis was tha thing originally most natural and obvious. Many cir- cumstances existed to keep them apart as separate in- dependcjucies. Diversities of race, religion, habits of Ufe and tliought. of material interests, claims of superiority, one over anotliiir, natural jealousies, aU these Avere considerations against merger into a single nation. True, there were influences existing in, an op- posite direction, such as common dangers, and finally a common tyranny of tlie mother country- l>ut it is to New-Englaiid reaUy tiiat history carries us in our searcli for th? most potent sources of the Union, which was cemented on the basis of man's equality. (Ap- plause.) H rs were the people most imbued with the spirit of independence, rendered most hardy by the struggle for Ubcrty, educated most thoroughly in tlie practice of self-government. The co-operation be- tween the colonies that became habitual had its in- ception in New-England precedents. The first Con- federacv on this side of the Atlantic was a New-England Confederacv. It was Massachusetts that originated the scheme of "^committees of intercolonial correspondence that resulted finally in intercolonial action and the Continental Congress. It is not robbing others of the credit due to them— which was great— to assign to New- England id as the place of leadership in the movement which cuhrinated in a more perfect Union ; and, be- sides, the day is long since past for sectional jealousies between those who follow now the sam^ flag. The ^.merican issue of Puritan and Cavalier is heir to the glory of both Houses. Were I speaking from a r. arrow view, I should t^ll you of the sterling virtues, the pioneer spirit and the religious love of liberty that carried the Scotch-Irish across the Alleghenies, to plant church and schoolhous? southward and west- ward in the onward march of civilization. Too recent Is our experience to draw distinctions founded upon race aind place, since on many a battlefield of our Civil War, memorable for courage, men of all races, -64 LIBKAKY OF TRIBUNE EXTJJAS. fighting lor the right as tliey saw it, have proved by jt written Constitution. That was a -^'farmers' alliance" wortliy of place and of power, and its n his predeCssors, To you, my dear Mend, I extend the hand of wel- come. For many years we have worked together Sn our respective offices on behalf of tlie society, and our official intercourse has been such that its memories will always be pleasant, while life beats : but beyond this, I feel that a personal friendship lias prown up, which notliiiig can ever sever., and for which I am glad at heart. I must also thank you for th? kindness you have personally extended to me by assuming, on my behalf, the social duties of the presidency during my term of office, which, owing to deep domestic affliction, it was im- poss^ible fi>r me to perform myself. On >)e]ialf of the society, I extend to you its welcome to the chair, and hand you the badge of office, and I myself take my place with our venerable ex-presidents wiio surround us. Members of the New-England So- ciety, I propose the health of the Hon. Daniel G-. Rol- lins, president of the New-England Society, and call for tliree cheers and a bumper. :SEW-YORK AND THE FAIR. KEPRESENTATIVE GATHERING AT DEL^ION- ICO'S. SPEECHES BT CHAUXCEY M. DEPEW, GEORGE R. DAVIS, W. T. BAKEPv, JOHX BOYD THACHER, GORTON W. AI^EEN, CHARLES S. SMITH AND OTHERS. On Deceml)er 22 New- York's World's Fair Com- missioners gave a dinner to 100 guests at Del- monico's for the purpose of arousing interest in tlie great exhibition and of securing the moral .support of influential mercliants, bankers, railway- presideniti3 and manufacturers for a proper repre- sentation of the Empire State at Chicago. Mi. Depew began .the speechmaking at 9 o'clock, a,s follows : Tlie New- York Commissioners are very glad to welcome you here to-nigh I. Tlie National Commission for the creation and promotion of the World's Fair, or Co]umbi:in Exhibition, consists ol three members from eacli State. Tlie New- York members, Mr. Thacher, 51r. Allen and myself, have invited you to meet us. not on account of the general interests of the ex- hibition, for its success as a whole is assured, but we wish to consult witli you as to the proper provision wliich should be made for such a representation of our State at the exhibition as would be '«'OJ"thy of its position among our sister common wealtlis. (Applause.) Unfortimately with us the g[uestion has been ob- scured by political claims and considerations which have not entered into tlie councils of other States, and wliich liave iio place, legitimately or illegiti- mately, in the consideration of the duties which de- volve upon as. (Applause.) This exhibition is destined to be not only the most phenomenal presentation of the Industries, the arts, the igciences, the education and tlie civilization of this and other countries, but its character is in all respects purely national. The success of the Columbian Ex- hibition must not be impah*ed or retarded by local {^mbitions or jealousies anjwliere. (Applause.) So far as New- York is con.cerried she has none. (Ap- plause.) She has not acted in tJiis taatter before because the time liad not yet arrived. She Is now prepared to do her part in her own impeiial way. ortuuity to make her w^ay in the arts and industries. (Ap- plause.) At the Ceiteuuial Exlubition at Ihi'ad^lpl.ia, Mor e"s telegTaph comprised almost tbe sum of our knowledge of electricity, but a building at Chicago twice as large as Cooper Institute, devoted entirely to electricail a,p- pliances and inventions, will demonstrate by the ad- vance iu one department the enormous progress of the country in every department since then. At the time of the Centennial Exhibition we had 45,000,000 people; now our numbers I'eacli the grand total of 04,000 000. TJien we had thirty-seven States, but we have since added seven s-ars to our flag. Then the in'oduct of our farms in cereals was about $2,200 000,000 ; now It is over $4,000,- 000,000. Then the output of our factories was about $5,000,000,000; now it is over $7,0.j0, 000,000. Such progress, such development, such advance, such ac- cumulation of w^ealth and the opportunities for wealth —wealth iu the broad sense, which opens new^ avenues for emiployment and fresh chances for independence and for homes— have cliaracterized no other similar period of recorded time. (Applause.) It is an insult to the intelligence of our State to ask what should be the place of New^-York in this grand exliibition. First in population, in man- ufactures and almost in agriculture, first in all the elements which constitute a great and gTOwing com- monwealth, her place in the emulous and friendly rivalry of sister States in tliis grand exhibition should be that which nature and the entertprise of her people have given her. (Great applause.) Our markets are West, our competitors are West. We musi: remove any prejudice that may exist against GUP trade, and then command the marlvets by the superiority and cheupness of our product. The oppor- tunity is before us to suffer great loss or gain incal=- culable advantage. But aside from ma erial considera- tions. New- York has never failed when patriotic effort was demanded to respond witli volume and entbusi^'^m which sustained her imperial position. (Applause.) In the presence of lliis representative body, speaking for them and thi^ough them for the people of the Com- monwealth, I can say to the coimtry East and West, and North and Sou'.h, "New- York will be at the Columbian Exposition, and she wall be there iii the full gTandeur of her strength and development." (Pro- longed applause.) IT \\t:i.i, bei international. The Columbian World's Exposition will be interna- tional because it will hospitably welcome and entertain tlia people and the products of every natioii in the world. It will give to them the fullest cppor unity to teach us, anddeain from us, and to open new avenues ol trade witli our markets, and discover materials which will be valuable in theirs. But its creation, its magnitude, its locafon, its arcliitecture and its striking and enduring features will be American. TJie city in. which it is held, taking rank among the first cities in- tho world after an existence of only fifty years, is American. The great inland fresh-water sea, whose waves will dash against the shores of Jackson Park, is American. The prairie, extending westward with its ihousands of square miles of land, a haK-century ago a wilderness, but to-day gTidironed witli railroads, spanned with webs of electric wire, rich in prosperous farms, gTOwing villages, ambitious cities, and an en- ergetic, educated and progressive people, is purely American. The Centennial Exhibition of 1876 celebrated the first hundred years of independenr-e of the Republic of the United States. The Columbian Exh bition cele- brates the discovery of a. cou inent which has Vjecome the liome of peoples of every race, the refuge for t:;ose p9rsecuted on account of thir devotion to civil and religious liberty, and the levolu ionary factor in the affairs of this earth, a discovery Avhich has accom- plished more for humanity in its material, its intjl- lectual and its spiritual aspec s, than all other event* since the advent of Christ. (Loud cheering and pro- longed applause.) The next speecli was delivered by ex-StSJator T. W". Palmer, president of tlie World's Coiambian Commission. Other addresses were made by J. jSeaver Page, .George R Davis, directfir- general of the Pair ; iW. T. BaJrer, president of the Chicago local commission; John Boyd Thach^r and Gorton W-. Allen, New-York Com- missioners, and Charles S. Smith, president of the- New- York Chamber of Commerce. ADDRESS OP THE DIRECTOE-GENEEAL. Here is what George E. Davis said : Mr. Chairman and Gentlemen: Being called upon in my official capacity as Director-General of tho World's Columbian Exposition, through your courtesy,. I wish to 'express my appreciation of your considera- tion in extending to me an invitation to be present at tliis banquet in the great metropolis of the Nation, and to assure you of my pleasure at the opportmiity to meet face to face and to clasp the friendlj'^ hand Of so many gentlemen of New-York, and of other States, men distinguished in National and international aff'airs who with me are equally desirous that the World's Fair of 1S93 shall be in every wa.y a success ; shall in every way express to the world the productiveness of American soil, the wealth of American genius, the breadth ol American intellect, the warmth of the American heart, the generosity of American people and the superior qualities and cliaracterlotics of pur gr^at democratic form of gON'ernment over all other forms of govern- ment in the world. (Applause.) Standing in such a distinguishrd presence and with such a subject caUiug us together, I feel sure that all thought of local interest and of aU personal ambitious ends will have no place among us, and, that we shall be inspired bv the single ambition that we are brothers of one family, seeking to build up and improve the father's domain, and by so doing build up and im- prove ourselves. (Applause.) As the key to our thought we may ask tlie general question, what is the intent of the World's Fair? What lesson is it to inculcate? What influence is it bo exert upon the world and upon our Nation ? As a general answer, it may be said that the World's Co- lumbian Exposition is intended to express our grati- tude to all Nations of the earth tliat have in any way promoted our pro-perity and made our National life possibl?. Under the gracious Providence which Mr. Lincoln, in his farewell address to his neighbors in Spring-field, appealed to ; that Washington at all times relied upon, without which he could not have suc- ceeded—under this Providence we are indebted to all MEMORIAL ADDEESSES A^B AFTEE-DINNER SPEECHES. 67 of the Nations ol tlie eartli for our place aiKl station in the world. Our coiuitry has gathered profit aHlve out of the successes and misfortunes of otlier Nations and governments of the world. OTHER NATIONS NOT JEALOUS. As a general statement, it may he said that the Nations of the earth which have contributed to bur National success are not jealous of us, hut they arc rather proud of the part they liave had in our up- building, and the greater the success of the World's Columbian Exposition, tlie greater will be the glory re- flected upon these Nations. An inferior Exposition" would naturally lower us in our own estimation and would subt.act from the renown of the nations that hail helped us. The Exposition is to be American sunshine and soil, American sldll and genius, American scholarship anU thought against a'l the world, and the world will bo the prouder and all the better if we gain the victory. Any consideration of our indebtedness to the nations of the w'jild must of necessity lead us to reflect upon the leading character who stood out as tlie representa- tive of tlie best thougiit of these nations, and who pushed their people out to our assistance. Fourteen hundred and nin.iy-two, eighteen Imndrcd ar.d ninetv- bwo and three ! Tlie^e ttatesj spanning 400 years, bring Spain and Columbia togethci-, and lead us to aclmowl- edge our indebtedness to Spain. The education of Columbus in the great schools of his time and his experience in navigation gained by his several voyages upon the Mediterranean ; the valu- able charts, journals and memoranda of a distinguished navigator, which came into Ms possession through Ms fortunate mai-riage: his great struggle for a livelihood when residing at Lisbon, the very centre of geographi- cal speculation and adventui-e, all conspired to incite the adventui'ous spirit of Columbus, and it was here that he first felt the inspiration and declared that "there was land to the westward," and that a faithful voyaging in that direction would land the navigator on the eastern shores of Asia. The story of Oolumibus is familiar. His repulses and discouragements were great, and it was some ten years later that we find Mm weary, leading by the hand his little motherless son Diego, when, overcome witli fatigue and hunger he asked for bread and water for his famisliing child at the convent of Larrabeda. Here he was welcomeld' by the brother superior and bountifully supplied. The brothers of the convent became interested in his schemes, so much so that the brother superior then and there promised that ho would exert on behalf of Columbus such influence as might be necessary to secure to Columbus a liearins before Ferdinand anid Isabella, wliich promise this brotlier superior faithfully fulfilled. Tills incident in the life of Columbus has always impressed me with the sense of gratitude that the world scientific, the world commercial and the world religious, and more especially the debt of gratituHe the people of this country of ours owe to the brothers of this convent, and especially to the brother superior, for on tbis incident and the faithfulness of this superior to his promise swings the door through which Columbus passed to the discovery of tliis continent. (Applause.) True, many years pasi ed duriil'g wliich Columbus struggled when his appeal to the Spanish court was not listened to, aye, wliem turned adrift with the admonition, "trouble the Nation no more," aye, when all others had apparently shut the door of hope In his face, Isabella called him to her presence and assured iliim that sihe would assume the undertaking for her own icrown of Castile and would defray the expenses of '.the perilous voyage from per onal means. Who can estimate the debt of gratitude that this country owes to the Spanish people, and ito the great and generous-hearted Queen, who when all others failed gave herself to the great undertaldng that opened this continent to the people of the world? ■SPAIN'S INTEREST IN THE FAIR. It gives me pleasure to state that the Government of Spain is deeply inlferested in the success of the Rxposition, and slie will make an exhibit wMcli will reflect honor upon the Queen and the country whlcli assisted Columbus to cross the imfurrowed eeas and open America Ito the world. Nor is It possible for us to speak of our indebtedness to Spain wlthiout remembering Xtaly, whose dominion CHice swayed from the sonrce of the Euphrates to the Pillars of Hercules at Gibraltar, under whose brighit blue skies the eyes of Columbus first saw the fight otf day. Therefore to Italy a^ weU as to Spain must America made acknowledgment. Italy Avill be here with an exhibit of the ricli treasures of lier classfijc land. Then there is Germany, that land of music and mathematics and of subtle thought; that land wMcfa has given name and ohanacter to siome of our leading States ; that land whose tlirifty sions and daugjliitors are scattered by the million over our vast domain. What does this country owe to tlie German ? Per- haps if we let the fight fall upon Si gel and his heroic followers, we will pause before we seek in common fignres to compute the uncounted debit. Germany is to be with us in '93 with a magniiificient display of the resources of thiat great Empire. Austria will be with us. The tens of tliouisands of fonner subjects from both upper and lower Austr-ia wJlio aire of us will gladly '\^-elcome the represisntatives of their home country and the display promised fi^om Austria- Hungary will be sup^iirb in every respect. Then there is Fran^ce; the land of ge;:iiius, scIioIju*- shi'p, art and politene?is. What does this couniiry owe to France? There came to this icounti'y in 1777 a :^oung son of rran'ce; wiio becaane a very close and intimate friend of Washington, and in 1780 he was intruiSt^ed, by the Congress 'of the United States, wltJi tiie defence of the State of Virginia, and whan in 1784 he visited this country, after all the war clouds had passed away, his tour was one un- broken triumph, and the name of Lafayette was upon the hps of every one. (Applause.) Then it is in her generous and tasteful statue in the very doorway of tMs great city casting; a light far out upon the stormy deep, telling of the love that tlie voung Re- public of France bears for the Republic that Lalnvette helped to establish. (Applause.) The most generous appropriations are being made by the French Republic to enable that Nation to make an exhibit that will be worthy of her great history. (Applause.) There is not a class of people among us (and there are many) moro earnest or more anxious for the success of the Exhibition, nor moie tasteful and helpful in their sug- gestions than are tlie sons of France. Already the Tnrkish Government— or rather the Ottoman Empire— has made choice of %m poisi«on on the Exprpitlon gro.nTids, as indeed have many others. One of ber leading sons said the other day that the Columbian Exposlltion of '93 will enable Turkey to prove to the world that she is nob the " sick man" of the nations but a strong and gro\ving nation, loving fiberty, pro- gressive and powerful. Russia, that land of teeming millions of diversified people and multiplied tongues ; Russia, from where her brow is bathed in the cold waters of the Arctic Ocean to where her feet rest in the waters of the Black and Caspian seas, -vyin bo here. Russia is interested in us: we are interested in Russia. Russia lias ever been our fiiend, and in the hours of our darkest trial it was no little comfort, to every true American heart to know that the great navy of Russia was sleepins: quietly jn American waters. The great Russian Government will be with us in '93. and through the Exposition the nations of the earth will come to know more of Russia and her peoples, and will love her more because of her ex- hibits. Then there are Sweden and Norway and Denmark. We have no more industrious, peaceful, thrifty popula- tion among us than the great and' growing Scan- dinavian population. These countries will be here with fine exMblts; their representatives have already visited us. Then there are Holland and Belgium and Switzerland and tlie other Continental Nations of Europe, they will be here. THE BRITISH EMPIRE WILL BE RF.PRESENTEiT). Great Britain will be with us ; the Nation that haa given us more of her subjects, and more of whoso sons and daughters are among us than any other Nation of the world; the Nation that is one with us 'In blood, in spirit, in language and in love of constitutional government; one with us in literature, in science and in art; that Nation wMch is related to us by ties that neither time nor war nor revolution can sever. (Applause.) Her Shakespeare is our Shake- speare; her Byron is our Byron; her Milton Is our Milton; her Tennyson Is our Tennyson; her Gladstone is our Gladstone; her Edwin Arnold Is our 68 LIBRiVIiY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. Edwin Arnold ; and " The Light of Asiu ' and " The Light of tlie World" are a literary food for all of our sons a/:id daugJiter.s. Oieat Britain will be with us; her treasuiv^j of mine aind sea will be liei^e ; her treasures of Mteiatui-LS art, iscie'iicey will be here ; lier treasures from India, Australia, British North America, the Cape, from all her Colonies, and fi'om all her islands in the sea, will be here. Treasures from England and Ire- land, Scotland, Wales will be here. (Applause.) The rqpresentative wealth and genius and ski 1 of lier 300,000,000 of subjects will be here, and slie will be our greatest competitor in the race for first place among the millions of the world, and such competition demands the perfect unity, broadest liberality on the part of every State in the Union and on the part of the Congress of the United States that the Exposition may be in every re?,pect what every foreign nation will be deliglitiod to have it and what every true American desires it to be. I liave not spolien of Cliina nor of Japan, not that I am foirgetful of the relations they as nations sustain to us a:id we to tliem. Japan stands in the foregi-ound in wonderful example of the swift progress of modern developments and education. These G-overnments will be here. Tlie Exposition means to Japan and Cliina everything. It m^ans all of those moral blessings wMcli anvariably accompany the era of invention. Nor have I spoken of the vast nations that lie south of us, nor is it perhaps necessary that I should, Their hearts ara all with us in being one with Columbus. The Centi'al and South American Republics hanging to the great Andes like basket pa'-iiers, filled to over- flowing with precious stones, tlij cereals, gems and metals ; to these countries the display of re-sources at Chicago will btrengthen and encourage reciprocal rela- tions and attract more strongly the attention of eager capital . (Applause. ) WlfAT THIS CvjUXTRY OWE? TO ITSELF. Wo owe much to ourselves to the upbuilding of the gi'eat liepublic, and to the States and Territories of our own country ; to the people of North America, to tJio instit'itlons, to the commerce, to the quick civi'izatTon, the Ijonefiis of the Exposition must be sweepiing in their e.^tint and universal in their application. The new States of the far West, side by side with Terri- tories knocking at the door of Statehood, Avill bring tfieir best olterings of gold and silver and wheat and gi'ain to this latter industry to be christened by tlie people of tlie world and receive the benediction of their assembled sisters. The States of tlie boiuidless praiiie- and of the lofty mountain region will prove by tile excellence and the abundance of their products the secrets o:' our Nati'onal prosperity and explain why '•wasLward the course of empire takes its way." Raw matei ill will meet its natural complement, machinerj' ; and the result will stimulate the production and ad- vauoo botli. The new South, the marvel of our day, accoKling to your distinguislied orator and statesman, Mr. J>opew, "the land of promise for tlie young men," will be given ample opportunity on tlie grour.ds of this Exposition to present an illustration of hea* last thirty years' progress. Once again cotton will meet corn, and to tlieii- mutual advantage, and the exliibits from tliat counti-y will greatly surprise even those acquainted with the resources of the South, and eventually divert broa.'l and rich streams of money to their proper lodging place. To tiiese great States contiguous to Cliicago and of whicli Cliicago is a great influential and commercial centt'o, the Fair cannot fail to be of incalculable benefit. Proximity will permit these States to present largo CKhibits at camparaiively small cost, and (20,000,- 000 of their peopln through the perfection -of ra.il- roai facilities can be conveyed to the gates Of the Exposition at small expense. The Eastern States; none will receive greater benefits from the gi'eat Ex- position than 'the States of the Atlantic coast. And in tliis participation your own State, tlie Empire State in a far higher than a political sense, has gained the title of the pivotal commonwealth. She leads among the Atlantic Stfites In populatjom, in commerce and In wealth. Her harbor is universally regarded as the gateway of this Nation. Tlirough it will pass the majority of exliibitors and sighi:seers from abi'oad, all of whom will enjoy her hospitality. She (will reap largely of the benefits of the Exposition without any of the attendant disadvantages. She will main- tain before the world her high rank as a producer, and arm in arm with the great sister State of the prairie will present to the Columbian Exposition the representative wealth and greatness bf this Nation. (Applfluse.) Indeed, it is my thought that the Exposition is not only going to draw the sister nations that are near us closer together, but I believe it will draw all nations of the earth nearer together, and that it will cement the States of the Union together so closely that there- after there will be no North, no South, no East, no West, no black, no white, no German and no Irish, but one cemented American Nation under one flag, and that bearing across its stars and stripes in letters of livid light that the nations of the world can readily read, "Peace on earth, good will to men." To sueh a consummation let us unitedly work. (Applause.) WHAT W. T. BAKER SAID. W. T. Baker made tlie following address : I presume there is no ui geiit demand on tills occa- sion for an extended reference 'to the birth of the \\ orld's Columbian Exposition. The circumstances attending the legislative creation of the project are perhaps better known in this neighboriiood tiian lalJ that has been accomplished since. The Exposition appears to have been neglected, if not forgotten, for awhile by some who were equally anxious with our- selves in the first place for its promotion. It even ap- peared at one time that there was some trace of bit- terness because the Exposition was located further west or north than those not imbued with the Cliicago spirit of prophecy and confidence would have had it, but if such there has been it has disappeared, and with "No fear? to beat away— no strifes to heal, The past unslghed for and the future >-ure," Ave are going steadily forward witJi the co-operation in all needed ways of (all the people of the Nation. (Ap- plause.) The form of organization under which we are operating has appeared to many at a distance to be somewhat icomplex, and it may be well for me to explain at the outset wliat other\vise may be con- fusing. The act of Congress, approved April 25, 1890, pro- viding for the Exposition, states in the preamble that "such fin exhibition should be of a national and in- ternational cliaracter, so that not only the people of our Union and this continent, but those o^f all Nations as well can participate." And to carry out this in- tention the Congress provided two agents to do its will. The first is a commission consisting of tw^o Commissioners from each State and Territory of the United States, appointed by the President on tho noml- natioai of the GO'Vernors of the States and Territories respectively, and eight Commissioners-at-Large, ap- pointed by the President. DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION. The board so constituted was designated the World's Columbian Commission. The duties of the Commission relate to exhibits and exhibitors, or, as stated in the act, " to prepare a classification of ex- liibits, determine the plan and -scope, of the Exposition, appoint all judges and examiners for the Exposition, award all premiums, if any, and generally have charge of all intercourse with the exhibitors and representa- tives of foreign Nations." The other agent recognized bi' the act of Congress is the World's Columbian Exposition, a corporation or- ganized under the Haws of the State of Illinois. TMs corporation has to do mainly with ways and means, the erection of buildings, the maintenance, protection and policing of the same, the granting of concessions, the collection and d'sbnrsement of all its rev-3nues, and fixing the rules governing the Exposition. It is com- posed of upward of 28,000 stockholders, and is con- trolled by a board of forty-five directors. These di- rectors have been chosen from among t/he active busi- ness-men of Chicago, and are every one of them^ men who have m.ade an honorable success of the pursuits wliich they have followed in finance, commerce and manufactures, and are giving their time and their best energies to the success of the Exposition. Their names are many of them known wherever American com- merce has been permitted to extend, and I think it pi'oper to add that they have been selected quite re- gardless of political affiliations, and that politics never has been and never will be^ considered in the manage- of the business of this corporation. (Applause.) The MEMOETAL ADDEESSES AND AFTEE-DINNEE SPEECHES. 69 r>oard. of Directors is divided into tliirteen standing comiTfittees liav^ing gurisdiction over tlie several depart- ments of tlie commission and the directory, and all expenditures are directed and scrutinized by them as closely as is done in the private affairs of the best managed meixrantile establishments. They Iniow that tliey are charged with a great public trust, and having accepted its responsibilities will ''welcome investiga- tion of their conduct of 'that trust to the last detail Tlie jurisdiction of these two bodies, as to the details of the work, somewhat emibarrassing at the outset, was selltled by a compact between them and they are working together harmoniousily and effectively. Under this compact fif.een grand departments were deter- mined upon, the heads of which are appointed by the Director General, who is the executive officer oi the commission, and all expen-es, except the salary of the Director Greneral, are paid by the World's Columbian Exposition Company. WHAT WAS REQUIRED OF CHICAGO. In order tliat the City of Chicago might em joy the honor conferred upon her by having the Exposition lo- cated In her midst, she was required to furnish an adequate site acceptable to the National Commission and ten millions of dollars in money, which was, in the language of the act, considered necessary "for the complete preparation for said Exposition." This obligai'ion the citdzens of Chicago promptly met. (Ap- plause.) The adequate site and $10,000,000 were provided, and on evidence thereof the President of the United States issued his proclamatdon inviting Hie na- tions of the earth to participate in r lie Exposiion. The $10,000,000 is provided for, first, by subscriptions to the capital si ock of the coi-poration in excess of $5,000,000, and a municipal appropriation by the City of Chicago of $5,000,000. Of the capital stock suib- scribed for 60 per cem; has been called, resulting in the payment into our treasury of $3,347,000. The city appropriatdon is available when required, and our first draft upon it for $1,000,000 will be paid February 1 next. Tlie remainiiiig 40 per cent, of ^l.ock sul> sicriptions "\\111 be called whenever our increashig re- quirements make it necessary. As the work has develoii>ed it has gKwn upon rhe comprehension of all engaged in it. Tlie classifica- tion provided and t.he plan and scope as determined by the commi-«iofn were so comprehensive that the $10,000,000 wliich Congress thought sttfflcienj", aoid wliieh Chicago has provided, has been found entdi^ely inadequate to produce such an Exposition as was con- templated when the natioais of the eartli were invited to jolTi us m celeb ratuig the 400th anniversary of the discovery of America. The act of Congress specifically stipulates that '-'the buildings proposed to be erected shall be deemed by said commission adequate to the purposes of said Exposition." It is necessary, therefore, either to amend the classification and limit the scope determined upon by the commission, or largely exceed the amount deemed necessary by Congress when the Exposition was ordered. We believe the commissioners have acted wisely and with a due sense of their respon- sibility, and we have felt that the pride and patriotism of the people would justify them and protect us in pro- ducing such an Exposition as would do honor to the great event Avhich we shall commemorate. VAST SIZE OP THE EXPOSITION. Every department of the Exposition will be pro- duced on a scale greater "han has ever been accom- plished even where each was made the subject of a spe- cial exhibition. This is notaiblv the case in the Depart- ments of Agriculture, Transporta ion, Electricity, Mines and Mining, Horticulture, and the Department for Wom- an's Work. A large space has been accepted by the Gov- eniment for its exliibit, and the buildings to be con- Sitruoled will be such a-; will do credit to their surrooind- Ings. Tlio Navy Dei^artment is building a model cruiser, which will appear to ihe afloat aloiigside the pier constructed for it oft" tlie shor? of Lake Michigan. H has been said that i he -on in order to be as good as his father must be better, and we are justified in saying that an Expoisition o be equal to tho'se which have preceded it must excel them a'l. Wliat has fieen done heretofore in other Exposition ; would no' do for us. Tlire were really no beaten paths to follow, no precedents to guide us, only a lofty purpose to make the Exposition worf hy of the occasion and equal to the expectations of the Government that gave it being. The Exposition grounds cover an area of 633 acres : the buildings erected by the Exposition will cover 105 acres, and there will be approximately twelve acres covered by buildings not erected by the Exposition. The Exposition grounds have a frontage on Laiie Michigun of 1 3-4 miles, and tliere As within the grounds, exclu- sive of lake frontage, five miles of docks and two and one-half miles of navi:^ible water- course, which during the Exposition will be perambu- lated by boats of every description for tlie pleasure and convenience of visitors. There arc eleven main build- ings, all of wtiicii Have reached an advanced stage of construction, so that no doubt exists as to our ability to complete them in time for their dedication in October next as required by law. The largest building is about a mile around it, and its central aisle has a clear span of 368 feet and 206 feet higli. The Machinery Hall of the Paris Exposition if placed within this aisle Wvould have a space 6 feet rwi^e on each side and 11 feet on each end, with 50 feet clear for ventilation above its roof. There will be used in the construction of this building 'G,000 tons of iron and steel. These figures may mean much or little to you, but for the purpose of comparison I may state that the Eiffel Tower re- quired but 7,000 'tons, and orilv 3,600 tons were used in the Brooklyn lU-idge, and '5,600 in the great rail- road bridge at St. Louis. The lieroic dimensions of all the buildings |have only lately been realized as they have begun to loom up in their perfected outlines. The Exhibitiou buildings already planned, including an- nexes, require a consumption of 18,000 tons Of iron and steel, and have a total floor- space of upward of 6,320,000 stiuare feet, or 155 a;ies. The buildings primarily projected, including land- scape improvements, liave all beeii contracted for at a saving of about $2,500,000 from the architects' esti- mates, but the gro'W'ing necessities of the enterprise have required the erection of others not at first con- templated at a cost of about $1,900,000. For the protection of these buildings tmd their contents, and to supply fountains and all the daily requirements within the grounds, we have provided for a possible supply of 64.000.000 gallons of water daily, which will be carried tlirough 20 miles of mains from six inches to three feet in diameter. Ten miles of these pines are already laid, and power in place for pumping 3,000,000 gallons of water daily under pressure of 100 pounds per square foot. For supplying power for machinery, etc., Ave have provided for boilers having a water evap- orating capacity equal to 25,000 horse-power, and en- gines "for generating electricity ;, 18,000 horse-power; lor driving line shafting and isolated exhibits, 2,000 horse-power; for compressed air, 3,000 horse-power; and for pumps, 2,000 horse-power. Electrical force will be supplied as power to the amount of 3,000 horse- I)Ovrer. Tlie system of sewage projected will be ex- tensive and complete. We are piepaiing for the ti'^at- ment of 6,000,000 gaPons of sewacre e^'erv tv.entv-fmir hours, the precipitated matter of whicli will be burned and only clear water allowed to escape. The liciiting of the grounds and buildings is estimated to require the use of 7.000 arc lights and 120,000 incandescent lamps. THE BEST ARCHITECTURAL TALENT SECURED. In planning the grounds and buildings we have em- ployed the highest architectural genius in America, Including three of the foremost artists of your own city. The Board of Architects, ten in number, first met in conference with Mr. Frederick L. Olmsted, our landscape architect, and agreed upon a general plan, each accepting an assignment of one grand building. The economy of the new material used by us for ex- terior cpvering has enabled us to give the the archi- tects an open field for the exercjlse of their genius. When each had completed Ids individual plan furtlicr conferences were had, and all were made to harmonize without cost to the artistic beauty or individual wortli of each. The result has been an ensemble of land and water, of nattire and art, that in its completed state will, I believe, be more beautiful than anything yet created by the hand of num. (Applause.) We shall have no Eiffel Tower or other meretricious attractions to allure the multitude, but there will be no lack of entertaining features of a higli order, and otir grounds and buildings will be an cxl'il)itioii in themselves. This exhibition of the genius of American arcliitects will be a revelation to the world, and for years to come its beautiful forms Avill inspire student-; and its details will be copied wlierever ptii'l'c buildings are erected. In the grand court in particular the glories of the Tai-AIalial will be eclipsed at eveiy step, and your children's children will tell the tiadi- tiri>s of it'^ ppVndor. (Anpiause.l The estimated cost of the completed structures, in- cluding landscape, statuary, fountains, terminal facill- 70 LIBKimY OF TEIBUNE EXTEAS. tiles, police and fire stations, and all that may be necessary for the comfort and convenience of visitors, win be $15,117,500, exclusive of the cost of admin- istration, which 'Is estimated at $2,770,000, up to tlie opening of the Exposition. May 1, 1893. The money contributed by Chicago to this great national enterprise is being expended with a view solely to the interests of the Exposition. Every con- tract has been let to the lowest bidder, regardless of where he hailed from. Competition has not been restricted to any section, and owing to our unsur- passed facilities for transportation from every direc- tion contractors in all parts of tlie country from the Atlantic to the Pacific have had an equal opportunity with our own, and have availed themselves of it to such an extent that 31 per cent in numbers and 86 per cent in amount of all our contracts have been awarded outside of Chicago. Contracts have been let already in Pluladelpliia, New- York and Boston, in San Francisco, vSeattle, and Omaha, in Minneapolis and Duluth, in Kansas City and St. Louis, in Leaven- worth and Louisville, in Bh-mingham, Ala. ; in Mil- waukee, Detroit. Cleveland, and Pittsburg; in Wil- mington, Del.: Plainfield, N. J.: Jackson, Mich., and In Stamford, Conn. : in Rome and Florence in lialy. in Paris, Constantinople, London, Edinburgh and Berlin. In keeping the workshops busy and labor satisfied in eighteen States are we not demonstrating that this is not a Chicago Fair, but is, as Congress intended it to be, a national and international enterprise? (Ap- plause.) In exceeding the expenditure at first consid- ered adequate for the purpose we feel that we have done our duty. We know that our completed work will satisfy the highest expectations of the people, and we believe that we are justified in asMng of the Congress of the United States such assistance and recognition as the circumstances of the case demand. About $3,000,000 has been appropriated bv the sev- eral States for their proper representation, and nearly $4,000,000 already by foreign governments. THE RESPONSE FROM FOREIGN LANDS. A year and a half ago we began our work In for- eign fields, and knowing our ability to comply with all requirements made by Congress we anticipated tlie official invitation of the President of the United States by sending commissioners to the Far Ea,st, to Japan, the Orient and the Lai'in-American countries, and have the most gratifying reports from all. TJie official invi- tation of tlie President has been accepted by nearly every nation on i'llie e^rth, and even in the few countries where there lia/S been no t)fficial acceptance the individual interest and enterprise of the people are at work, so we apprehend that none will remain ixn represented. Mr. Ja;mes Dredge, of the ' Royal Commission of G-reat Bril'ain, accompanied by Sir Henry Wood, its secretary, and Herr Wennutli, of the Imperial Commisision of (Germany, liave made personal visits to Cliicago and returned home full of entliusiasm fO(r the work. Neairly every nation in Europe has in- formed i self by the personal observations of official representatives who have approved of the preparations made biy us, and will aid theiT people to make com- plete and aii'istic exhibits. The La tin -American De- partment, which wa-s organized at an early date, has aroused enthusiiiistic interest in Mexico an<1 all the South American Repiiblirs. Tlie arcliaeoi'ogical ti^eas- ures of Old Mexico and Yucatan have been resurrected and the tomb- of the Tnca> ransacked inr tlie ibenefit Bjf the great Exposition, and if we had nothing to show beyond tlie exhibits In thiis departmen;t we should still have a m'a.rvel'ous exliibition. (Applau e.) As to the exhilVits from oui^ own countrv vfe have no misgiviings whatikj^r: in fact, applications for space alreadv received indicate th.at the large plant that we have provided may be inadequate for all who niav de- sire to exhibit. This may result in such a pruning as wil^ 'Admit only th" cream in all departments, and. at any rale. It justifies the extensive preparations which we have already made. It is our nmbltion, ift is our purpose to make the Expo-ition in the highe^s^ and best semise educational. While ' lie i>"csent stage of development of sciienice and the art?- will necessarily bte represented on the largest scal'^, vet we shal'l vM: forget the beginnings of things. We expect Vhe Expo- siitian to be not simplv a bazaar but an illustrated his- tory of ' he pr^gi'ess of 400 }"«^ars'. Ai>d vi ators to tlie Exposition will not b-^ lirnitfKl to the coni=:ide,rntiV>,n of material things. Tlie World's Congress Auxiliary, organized 'hy' our directory, ha.s for its mo to "Not Thing-; but Men." Its object its in provide for the proper repi-esentation of the intell'^'C ual anci moral progress of the world by the considrration of lixing qnestions bv the leaders in all the chief depai*ments of human achievement. The series of concrresses will continue through the Expo itioji, and -uill. we be- lieve, invite th^ rtihinlung men and women of every land to its councils. These discussions will be largely enguged in by women, and in the gatherings of the brightesit intellects of the world tliey will have a grand opportunity of demon stra in g their leadership in the moral and social reforms and the educational advance- ment of the race. TO SHOW WHAT WOMEN HAVE DONE. The Woinan's Departmeult as organized by the Board of Lady Managers is something quite unique in Expo- sitions, and will be presented on a scale that would be impossible of attainment in any country but our own. IVIore 'than a generation ago the Sage of Con- cord said that it was a clilef felicity of our counitry that it excelled in women. (Applause.) What was true then is a thousand times true now. There is nothing more significant in the progress of our civiii- zatlon than the great Increase of the opportunities in every field of endeavor that is open to women. The Woman's Building in the great Exposition, now nearly completed, was planned by a woman architect, is em- bellished Avith sculpture and &,vz designed by women and will contain an exhibit of woman's work that will be a marvel to all visitors. It will be a brilliant object lesson to all the world in what is being accom- pished by women in the world's work, and a revela/- tion of the extern" to which she has become more than a helpmate to man. (Applause.) The buildings of the Exposition must, according to the act of Congress, be dedicated October 12 next, on the four hundredth anniversary of Columbus's discov- ery. We shall be ready, and the programme of cere- monies for the occasion, to continue through four days, is already nearly complete. But the gate-^ of flhe Exposition will not open till the first of May follow- ing and the ceremonies precedent vo that occasion will take place in New- York. Congress has provided for a gi-and naval review in April, 1893, in your beau- tiful harbor, to which the President has invited the navies of the Avorld. That grand pageant is not per- mitted Co us, but we know ihnt it coald not be in beitei Jif.rds. mid \ ill be woitiiv of your f-reat city land State. (Applause,) A TRIBUTE TO NEW-TORK. New- York has been accused nf apathy in tins great work and of a lack of civic pride and enterprise which I do not believe is warrantable. I have never met the individual New-Yorker whose aims were not as liigh, whose public spirit: was not a^ great as tliat of a citizen of any other city, and what is true of the in- dividual must be representative of the community. I? only requires the focalizing effort of a company like this to demonstrate Ihe fact that New- York is not lack- ing in tl-'at civic energy that made Athens famous ; that made Venice mistresis of the seas and arbiter of the des- tinies of empires for centuries ; that made Rome ruler of .'the world, and that is building up, a thousand miles from here on an inland sea, the commercial metropoUa of this continent. (Applause.) I believe my enthu-aasm does not outrun my judg- ment when I say your citizens will Imve no grander opportunjj.y than the present to demonstrate their pa- triotic public spirit in helping on a great National en- terprise. It would be worth miany times $5,000,000 to I his dear land of our-; if every generation of Amei*- ica,ns could rally around some sentiment, some grand idea, not of war, that would unite the East and the West, I he North and the South in enthusiastic accord. The dangers of sectionalism could then never threaten the stability of our- insfitutions, and the man of New- York or of San Franeisco. of New-Orleans or Chicago would lose nothing of lovalty to his city or section, by be- ing first of all an American. The people of France were united in their enthusiasm for the last great Exposi- tion, and the value of itis success to *ihe City of Paris cannot be compared with the gain to France. Such an opportunity is pre^icnted to our people in ihe World's Columbian Exposition. There will" be presented in friendly emulation tTie besi : results in four centuries of human progress, in wliicli this people if unlied will have the lion's s-hare. If we are aetuated by the proper spirit of naticoal entlinsiasm there is no ques- tion but wha^': the Exposition will demons'ti'ate our commanding position a^ leaders in the arts of peace before all the world. JOHN BOYD THACHER'S SPEECH. Here is what Commissioner John Boyd Thacher said : Our natjion is charged with the celebration of the Columbian discovery because we have bes.t enjoyed / MEMOETAL ADDRESSES AXD AFTEE-DINXER SPEECHES. ni Its heritage. That discovery was meant for manlvind. Two events first catch onr ej'e m the fom* hmidred years of authentic lii story made in the New World. The one is the planting of the cross on Watling's Island in 1492. The other is the planting of the standard of American liberty fm Philadelphia in 1776. (Applause.) The two events were remote from each other in time and distant in scene. Tb.e actors were of diflferent blood. The first not only made ihe second possible, but determined its actfion. It is with the cliief actor in the first event that we have to do just now. ^\Tiat manner of man is this our Columbus 1 We have of him four and forty djls- tinct portraits. Each is a type. No two of these resemble each other. He is in mail and in sili^en hose; he is mllld and he is fierce: lie is f redded liho a country lad and he is bearded like the pard ; lie lias the bewildered look of one who never iiad a compass, -and he has the eye through which alone destiny looks. You and I can di'aw him as we like. Tf your Columbus Is only a searcher after shinfing gold, he is a splendid \vi*etc'h. If your Columbus is only a capturer of harmless heathen to drag them after the car of reUgion, he is a pious trifler. A man is no better than lie makes his heroes. The God who makes men and wlio uses men never intrusted a great purpose to a mean «oul. (Applause.) The bearer may not fully know the weighty business on wliicli he goes, but something ■of its meaning sliines upon him and from his tempered visage enforces homage. The lonely Genoese pacing the deck of his caravel, Avatching for a land, and no land from day to day, must have had a glimpse of the new hemisphere and visions of its destiny. And so your Christopher Columbus and mine is, as his name Implies, the auointed bearer of a blessing for mankind, SL preparer and and an opener of a new world in which man should be free from his brother, true to himself and obedient to his Maker. (Applause.) It is such a, man about whose statue we are to walk at this ex- position. It is the tree of his planting which we are to consider as we eat of its fruits. No sectfion, no State, no Cliicago can hug this blessing to its single "bosom. It is for us all. Let all the people participate In its enjoyment. (Applause.) We do not deny our disappointment when the World's Fair Avinged a westward flight. We know "that if the unities had been consulted neither New- York nor Chicago would have been selected, but t)he celebration of the great discovery would have been beneath Southern skies and where the ocean sea washes the true Guanhani. We claimed the celebr;i.- iion in New- York because Ave were the supreme citv of the western hemisphere. We have lost the Fa.lr, but our city has relinciushed nothing of her supremacy. It will be mock humility now if we offer to tear dOAvn ■our huts to build Cliicago's ralace. Rather let us rejoilce that we are great and strong, aud that out ■of our fulness we may aid our sister city of the West. (Applause.) Chicago deserves our support. She has won our admiration. (Applause.) To raisa ten mi 1- ions of money for a sentimental purpo=e is a task which any metropolis might approach with hesitation. ■Chicago has accomplished this In a few short weeks. Our blood runs faster as we recognize this magnificent •courage, and we would share in her labor that we may justly share in her glory. Notlimg pertaining to humanity is foreign to the true man. We are one people, one fan;ilv. When prosperity spreads her sheltering Avings in the East, the West is safe and happy. When in the West the fields of grain stretch far and Avide. we in the East eat bread v.ithout scarce- ness. CApplause.) Chicago does not come to us with an olTertory basket in her hand. She comes brinr:lng us a flag witli the colors of the World's Columbian Exposition upon its bright folds. She asks us to wave it in token of frftendship and a common interest. Let the nobl'^i contention between us be fi-om this hour wliich shall bear this flag furthest in it^ march of triuinph and which Acice shall loudest proclaim its gloiy. (Ap- plause.) GORTON W. ALLEN'S ADDRESS. Commissioner Gorton W. Allen made the fol- lowing remarks : That the Woi*ld's Columbian Exposition is to be an unparalleled success may as Avell be regarded as as- sured. Not because the commissioners with the local ■dii'eetory are of tliemselA'-es able to achieve so de- sirable a result by their combined wisdom and enter- I)ris/e, stimulated by a degree of enthusiasm that repels all thought of apprehension of failure, but because tlie World's Fair Exposition is the formulated ex- presision of the universal wish of the Americain people. (Applause.) It goes Avithout saying that tha/j universal wish Ls, when formulat^ed, a specific against any tendency in tlie direction of failure.. True, Ave admi.t the Avord failure in our dictionarr/es, but it is most commonly employed as one of J:he extremes in human endeavor fTom which we measure upward actually to discover the distance between achievement and failure. The entei-prise is not seeking friends for the obvious reason that it has no enemies at home or in foi'eign lands. (Applause.) If there has been in the past any suspicion or doubt as to the loyal and liberal spirit of the Empire State and its ciiief city, in any and every AA'ay or manner, tx) the end that the Exposition shall be crowned Avifch success, there is none now. Much as our people Avould have been delighted had the generous ott'er of the metropolis been accepted, the failure to secure the location has never for an instant provoked or suggested the slightest feeling of retaliation, jealousy or eiiAT. (Applaus?.) On the contrary oui' people would be more likely to contribute more generously lest their failure to fulfil the large.st 'expectation of Chicago should bo attributed to disappointment. Do yen ask me AvJiat New-Aork cantempiates doing in aid of the Exposition ? I reply that she will occupy a conspicuous place upon the sits chosen, and Avill undonbicdly nnstiuct a building quite c:)mmensurate to the necessities of its citizens Avho propose to patron- ize tb3 ExnO:iticn as exlubitors and visitors. Its capaciry Avill be ample; it? aichitectural finish Avill be in harmony Avith and not inferior to the buildings of any othe? State. I assure you whatever is necessary for NeAv-Yoik to do to accommodate her people avIU, I ha\"e no doubt, be done, and done as promptly as tlie GTv?rnor and t!!e Lsgisiature can be duly advised by competent authority of Avhat is needed. A SUGG-E'TIOX FOR GOVDRNOR FLOWER. And now, addre-sing myself more especially to the citizens of New-York, it occurs to me that His Ex- cellency Govemcr FlOAver should be requested, by enactment cf our Legislature, to appoint a commission, consisting of such number as should be deemed ade- quate, to visit the city of Chicago, and, in connection Avith the World's Fair Commissioners from tliis State, ascertain the needs of NeAv-York State exhibitors and visitors, and, with all needful information, report to th© Governor with recommendation as to the amount of appropriation deemed necessary to pro\ade for the needs of the people, and suitably to represent the character and greatness of tliis great CommouAvealth. In that Avay the Governor and Legislature can be promptly and adequately advised, and be able in- leliigenily to provide appropriate legislation. Legisla- tive provision for NeAv-Yoa-R's exhibitors and visitors Avithout such information Avould in all probability re- suit in grievous disappointment. So much for N&w- York State. More important than any other purely financial qu stim is that Avhich relates to aid from the general Govern menir to promote the Columbian Exposition. My views upon this subject are very decided, after much refltcl ion. That the Exposition is in need cxf and must have financial aid, and that with reasonable promptnesfs, is quite beyond the realm of controversy or question. I venture to assume tliat the genersQ Government will give heed to the necessitv of the ca.^e, and grant (he required aid in some form. But in Avhat form? That an adequate loan of any re- quired amount can be secured from the Government by the pledge of the rcA^enue of the Exposition, derived from the admJssion of the visitors, for the payment of the de!Vt, a such time and manner and under such regulations as may be determined upoai, is feasible, and without doubt it can be accomplished. It can be easily demonstrated i hat such security AAOuld te ample to indemnify the Government agsiinst loss or hazard, and if so it may be safely assumed that such aid would be easily Avithin reach. OPPOSED TO A GIFT FROM THE GOVERNMENT. It has been suggested by some and by othere urged that the Government shoald be requested to make an app'opiiation of the public money in aid of the Ex- position—a gift as distinguished from a loan. This pr pcsltioti, 1 am assured, Avill meet uitli decided op- poiitlon, and justly so, in my judgment. Many reasons V2 LIBRARY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. will be urged against tliis method, of relief, but of them all I refer to but one. and that will be held sullicient. It has not passed out of the memory of the gxjneral public that when tho question of locating the place for the World's Columbian Exposition was before Congress New-Yor3?: State was a vigorous bidder for the con- tested lienor and prize, aiKl she came with an indem- nity backed by her millionaires, unquestioned and un- questionable, undei'taUing to assume all financiiul buiHiens and respoasibilities, and to preserve tJie gen- eral Government harmless in any emergency. Who doiibts for a moment that that undertaking would have been faithfully hepf? AVho doubts tliat the city and State of Ne^'-York would have, with prodigal hand, made ample provision for all exhibitors, foreign and domestic, out of their own purse : It has not passed out of the mind of the general public that Chicago came \'aMantly (and, as I believe, sincerely) to the front and promised, to do at least all that the citizens of New- York promised to do. and ex- hibited the evidences of their ability so to do. (Ap- plause.) No one then doubted that Ciiicago meant what she proposed. No one doubted that the pro- moters of the CMcago interest were able and intended at all liazards to keep the fai+h then pledged. (Ap- plause.) Who believes now that Chicago would have been successful in that memorable yet fiiendly stinig- gle, if there liad been a doubt of her ability to perform what she undertook! Were I a resident of Chicago I would repel any propo- sitions for aid from the general Government, except in the form of a loan, secuied as I have before outlined. Her fair name should not be compromised, neither her wealth nor g;eatness belittled by the failure to keep her promise, which won for her the presticje and honor of being tlie citv cliosen by authority of tlie general Government as tbe fittest and b'e.st-eqnipped for enter- taining the Nation's gue^s while att-^nding tlie g-eatest exposition cf the achievements in the world's indus- tries )f the nineteentli century. Whatever else may be done to secure financial aid and relief, let not this be done. (Applause.) REMARKS OF CHARLES S. SMITH. Here is the speech of Charles S. Smith : Mr. Chairman : I was one of the World's Fair Com- mittee of 100 named by Mayor Grant, and also a member of the Finance Committee which did some preUminary work in securling the five- million subscrip- tion preparatory to our unsuccessful attempt to secure the Columbian Fair for New-Y'ork. We made a good fight for tills city at Washington and were fairly and squarely beaten. When 1 heard that Chicago had won the prize, I heaved a sigh of relief and said I was glad of it, and ever since then I have been in tJie condition of the German in '•'the lager beer case." Some thirty or forty years before the qualities of that healthful and invigorating beverage were generally Imown to other than our German fellow-citizens, who were just introducing it in this countrj^ a license case came be- fore our courts, in which the question was raised if lager beer was intoxicating, and expert witnesses were called. The jiulge asked a portly German if a man could get drunk on lager. '• Oh, nein, nein," was the re- ply, "I take five, ten, fifteen or twenty glasses in an evening and feel gooder and gooder all the viles." (Laughter.) Now. Mr. Chairman, I think there are a good many citizens of New-York who agree "with me in feeling under great obligaiions to our Chicago friends for having relieved us of our immense task. I want to contribute a few words to the truth of history regarding New- York's * loss of the Fair. I admit readily that there are in both pohtical parties scmr-, narrow-minded men who want to s?cur3 a paiiy advantage on all nues- tions, public and private, but ) am glad after all the newspaper discns-ic.n as t" liio o'Milcal aspect of the decision regarding the location of the Fair to say tliat, in my judcm^nt, thei" was ve-y Ittle politics iu it. (App^au'e.) Mayrr Gr^nt nominated a commi tee that was universally sati-fictory, and it was one of the rules laid down for the finance commiftee that not a dollar should b" approprjafed or rail without their consent, and if anv man thinks t'>at r-'amnel D. Babcock. tlie late August l^elmont, .T. Pieipaiit Morgan and th'^ir associates on that r-ommittoe could be in- fluppc'^'i hv p'-i ical cMisi'le ntio'ls ni the administ-a tion of a great timst fund, I am for;'y for liis jndg- ment. T'' ti'^^i' '^•, it wts n c^?-^ of ^ocaI rpMon. The mairir'tv o" i^"^ vrt'n"' p^^wer in th'"' Natl nal House of Representatives reside wo^t of the lakes, and they decided to use all their influence to secure the Fair for a Western city, and they got the votes. ACTIOX OF THE MERC'HA'NTS. We had a meeting a few days ago at the Merchants' Club, composed mainly of do\vntown dry-goods men. As 1 was formerly a member of that fraternity, and as I took part in that meeting, it would not perhaps be modest in me to suggest that you could hardly do better than to indorse the wise action of the Mer- chants' Club regarding the co operation of pur city and State, for the dry-goods men both in New- York and Chicago are considered a wise body of men, and they generally accomplish what tliey ui.dertake. (Ap« plause.) We drafted a bill asking our State Legis- lature to appropriate $500,000 for the Chicago Fair,, and we expect to have that bill passed and signed by the Governor. (Applause.) Now, Mr. Chairman, we argued at tlie meeting I have referred to that the Columbian Fair was entitled to the hearty support of the citizens of the State of New- York on two distinct grounds : First, of patriotic sentiment; and second, of self-interest. I stated at our meeting that I had attended all the World's Fairs excepting the one in Vienna, and that the United. States exhibit at all these fairs, excepting only the one at Philadelphia, was absokitely humiliating, if not a positive disgrace to our country. At the last and the greatest of all the international expositions, the late one at Paris, Edison alone half-redeemed our fame, and gave us the only exhibition whicii was at all worthy of the Nation. We ai-e the largest pro- ducers of silk fabrics in the western world, excepting France, and yet we did not show a sample of silk, and in plain silk we produce an article e(]ual to the best made in Lyons. (Applause.) We are the largest pro- ducers of carpets in the world, and in d.s ga and qulity of the gi'B/de we make we are excelled oy none, and yet we did not show, a sample of carpet; in pile fabrics in general we were not as well represented as we often are at any ordinary State fair. Even in machinery we had no adequate represent.ition. Tlie masses in 'Europe had reason to conclude that we in the United States are principally producers ,of raw ma- terials, with httle skill in all the higher grades of manufactmlng. We have some reputation abroad for sewing and reaping machines and for locomotive-, but we have never challenged the attentioji of the world by any proper show of our abihtv and progress in anv of oui diversified industries. Wi must change all this by making the Chicago World's Fair creditable and representative of the high position of the United States. Then New-York City and State have almost if not quite as large a pecuniary interest in the sinrcess of the Columbian Exhibition as have Chicago and the- State of Illinois. NEW-YORK'S INTEREST IX THE FAIR.. No city, town or hamlet in this broad land can pros- pei without a consid rabl portion of that prosperity being reflected in tliis city and State. All foreign; visitors and exhibits come through the port of New- York and our hotels and shops and railways will have all they can do during the Chicago Fair. We shall have our full share of tlie gains without the trouble of the Fair. Besides, as a matter of business^ Chicago nas with our city the largest and most intimate commercial relations of any city in our country. She IS OUT best cust'.mer, ana me great heart of New-York is too noble, too generous, to entertain any miserable jealousy of the Weste n progress and success. (Ap- plause.) All commercial and financial roa:ls in the Cnited States lead to New- York. There is no -great business establisiiment or corporation in any of the .-t;^tos of this country that is not obliged to have an- office in this city, and so. Mr. Chairman, let us insist that New- York State sh-all dv her whole duty towad Chicago in this matter. In 1775 Burke, in a great Kpeech in the House of Commons, referring to a boy then only eight or ten years old, and a-ssuming th-it he miglit have -a long life, said: "Young man, there is- America, which at this day nnlv se ves to amuse you with stories of savage men and uncoutii manners : it slial'. before you taste deatli, sliow itself equal to tho- whoTe of that cohimerco which now attracts the envy of the world. Whatever England has been grwins: to by a succ'.'ssion of civiizins: conquests and civilizing- settlements in ^. series of 1.700 years, you shrill see a.s much accrm-rlished by America in the cbu:se of a single life." (Applause.) Vr. Chairn^an. to prove that Burke was a prophet of far-reaching vision. I have onlv to mention that th-a- for-^ign commerce of the Unit'^d fta'^'*5 f'^" t^"^ i-'^nr- p'"i'M-£T .lunp 30. 18'^"'. W9S. exf'lnsive of gold, $1,729,- 39r.{?06. (Ljrg-co:. tinned applause.) MEMOEIAL ADDEESSES A^^D AFTEE-DINNEE SPEECHES. 73: JEFFERSON ON THE DRAMA. THE VETEEAX COMEDIAN TAI.KS CHAEM- IXGLY CONCEEXING HIS AET. AN ADDRESS DEIilVERED AT YAIiE COIir.Er^E— AN AXSWER TO THE DOXXELLY BACOX- lAX THEORY. New-Haven, April 27 (Special).— Joseph Jeffer- son, the veteran comedian, spoke at Yale College this evening on the subject of Dramatic Art. His '. address, wliich was full of personal rem- iniscences and treated the subject in an ex- tremely agreeable aiid interesting manner, was listened to with close attention and evident en- joyment by a large audience. IMr. Jefferson spoke as follows : In my present condition I feel that I strangely resemble the villago boy of New-Hampsliire. It was proposed, that in tliis same village a schoDlliouse should be erected.. One of the Solon s who had. been perhaps the oldest inhabitant, strongly oppo.5ed tliis barbarous introduction, and in his own simple words said : " Wa don't want no book larniu' in this place. I'm agin it, my wile's agin it and we'll both vote agin it, foi" 'tain't no account and takes a boy from liis nat'ral work and. chores e'en a-most a..^ mucli as goin' a-fishin'. Wliy, there was a "boy in this village years ago, as likely a young fellow as anyboiy ever stuck a knife into. What was his name, now ? Oh, Webster. Yes, Daniel Webster. He was a peart, snappy boy, but he got it into Jiii head that he must have book larnin'. WeU, he went up to Boston, got his book larnin' and nobody ever heaixi on him agin." Now, though I resemble Daniel Webster about as little in personal appearance as I do intellectually, I still fancy that I may bear a likeness to Mm in this one particular instance, that after I have finished my discourse in the presence of so much "book larnin'," nobody will ever heai' of me again. Charles Lamb has said, that the world, is divided Into two classes ; those who are born to borrow and tiiose who are bom to lend. If you should happen to belong to the latter class, then do it cheerfully. So do I think that the world is divided, into two other parts ; those who are bom to entertain by their oratory and those who are not. But if you belong to the latter class, as I fear I may, do it cheerfully. ]Mak- ing a speech cheerfully, however, and making a cheer- ful speech are two very different matters. 1 think it ciuite likely that many who are here naturally associate me with the cliaracters I have acted upon the stage. You will possibly, therefore, recog- nize my voice and manner as connected with those imaginary persons, the valorous Mr. Acres or fighting Bob ; Rip Yan Winkle, that disreputable vagabond ot the CatsMlls, or that grand old impostor. Dr. Pangloss, LL. P. and A. S. S. If you have derived in times gone by any entertainment from these familiar characters, you must bear in mind that in acting them I was as- sisted by costume, scenery and the presence of ex- cellent performers, who sun-oimded me and shared for a time your attention ; and besides thesa imiwrtaht auxiliaries, I had the advantage of epeaking the superb and witty lines of Sheridan, Coleman, Boucicault and Washington Irving. Mark the difference ! I am now thrown upon my own resources, and in this impov- erished condition stand before you, not as an interesting imaginary character, created by the brilliant genius of tliese immortals of the past, but as a mere piece of uncertain humanity, who is doubtful, in his present novel position, whether he will sink or swim. THE ACTOR PLlEADS HIS OWX CAUSE. You will tlien, I am sure, admit that in presenting myself before you as an orator, I have risked whatever reputation I may have gained as an actor. And as- 1 am now on trial for this misdemeanor, it is but fair- that I should plead my own cause. I propose, there> fore, to turn '-State's evidence," and unmask my ac- complice. During my last visit to New-Haven, a deep-laid scheme was planned by which this august body was to be assaulted in open daylight, a*nd I was- chosen for the deadly work— being considered as a fit instrument of torture. You will be surprised to know that my confederate and the principal conspirator ia- tliis plot is now in the midst of tliis assembly, and, I fear, exulting over the widespread desolation he lia» wrought. If, therefore, you judge me guilty of thi& assassination of yoiu" time and patience, I beg you will visit s'our condemnation on my partner in crime, Pro- fessor John F. Weir, for in this dire scheme he is the- anarchist, whilst I am only the dynamite. Having now made a full and complete confession and placed my accomplice in the hands of justice, I feet free to proceed with my nefarious work. I have just alluded to an actor wandering from the £ special walks of his art and posing as an orator. Many actors hav^e wondered why they hav^e failed as readers, and quite a number who have succeeded uponi the rostrum are surprised that they have failed upon the stage. Famiy Kemble and James E. MurdocJi are the only actors I can call to mind who hav^e suc- ceeded as readers. These exceptions are suflRciently limited to prove the rule, and fo}- the reason that peculiar qualities that are required in an actor are at variance with tho.se which are desirable for an orator. Of cour.=e, there are some attributes that belong tO' each : v'oice, gesture, a fine articulation, presence,. dignity, repose— all of these are necessary to both, but here is the great distinction : an orator impresses Ms audience by what he says to them. An actor is often most effective when he shows how he is impressed by what is said to him. No one talks back to tlie orator r He has it all to himself. He is only heard. He never listens. An actor who d.ies not know how to listen has half of h's art to learn. When Cassio is rebuked by Othello, lie must show how he is crushed by the justice of that rel^uke. \\nien Romeo breathes his love for Juliet, slie betrays lier ecstacy while listening to Ms passionate speech. You will see that tliis is no part 01 oratory. The m-ator is dictatorial. He is not made to lis'en. there- fore, he is not created to act. For instance, I would consider Mr. Levy, the cornet player, an orator in music. In Ms solo he would be grand and impressive,, but ui an orcliestra he would be a nuisance— for every man is a nuisance who is continually blowing his own horn. ORATORY NOT DISPARA&ED. I beg you will not for a moment think that I disparage oratory. On the contrary, it is a glorious- gift. I only mean to draw the distinction between tlie rostrum and the stage. Acting has been called, erroneously, I think, one of the mimic arts. T do not consider that good of any kind is displayed by mimicry. It is generally conceded that imitators are- seldom fine actors, th.ough they are usually great favorites with the public. I confess that I enjoy the exliibitions of this kind of talent exceedingly. There is something very attractive and even strange to- see one man display the voice., manner and expression of another— particularly if that other be not yoiu'self. We may enjoy the imitation of our dearest friends, but our smiles vanish and our faces elongate if the mimic attempts to give " a counterfeit prese itment" of the party of the first part, i have heroically tried on several occasions ta injoy imitations of myself, but have never succeeded^ 74 LIBRAJRY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. "These ingenious transcripts contain a slight touch of ridicule that always offends the original. An anecdote of Mr. Buckstone, the English come- dian, Will serve to illustrate what I have said. At the close of a dinner party he had been given i>o under- stand that tliere was a person present who gave an excellent imitation of himself. Buckstone at once desired the gentleman to let the company have a test of his quality. The gentleman politely declined, say- ing that he might give offence ; but the comedian would not let him off, insisted on the exhibition, and rubbing his hands together in great glee settled himself down for unlimited enjoyment. The imitator, seeing tliat there was no escape, arose and amid breathless silence began. His hit was immense, and as he sat dowa the guests broke forth in loud laughter and applause; the whole table was in a roar of merriment ; every one was in ecstacy except Buckstone, who looked the picture of misery. " Well, Mr. Buckstone," exclaimed a wag, who was •quietly enjoying the comedian's discomfiture, "don't you tliink the imitation very fine 1 " - It may be," he replied, "but I tliink I could do it better myself." Acting Is more a gift than an art. I have seen a child impress an audience by its natural grace and magnetism. Tixe little creature was t»o young to know what art meant, but it liad the gift of acting. The great value of art, when applied to the stage, is that it enables the performer to reproduce the gift, and so move his audience night after night, even thougli he has acted the same character a thousand .fimes. In fact, we cannot act a cliaracter too often, If we do not lose interest in it. But when its con- stant repetition palls on the actor, it will as surely ic^eary Ms audience. When you lose interest— sto> acting. A STORT OF MACREADY. This loss of interest on the part of an actor may not be visible in the action or pantomime; but unless ■care and judgment are observed it will assuredly be- tray itself in the delivery of the language, and more partictilarly in the long speeches and soliloquies. In dialogue the spirit of the other actors serves to stim- cQate and keep him up ; but when alone, and unaided by the eye and presence of a companion, the old story faUs to Idndle the fire. An anecdote of Macready that I heard many years ago throws a flood of light upon this subject, and as "1 think it too important a one to remain in obscurity, I wm relate it as I got it fi-om Mr. Couldock. and then refer to its influence upon myself and the means I used to profit by it. The incident occurred in Bir- mingham, England, some forty years ago. The nar- rator was present and naturally listened with interest to a conversation upon art between two such able •exponents of it as Mr. Macready and Mrs. Warner. What they said" referred to an important scene in the tragedy of '-'Werner," which had been acted the even- ing before. Mr. Macready, it seems, had much re- spect for Mrs. Warner's judgment in matters relating to the stage, and desired to consult with her on the •meits and demerits of the preceding evening's per- ioi-mance. As nearly as can be remembered, his question and her reply were as follows : ''My dear madam," said Macreadv ''you have acted with me in the tragedy of 'Wernei-^ for many years, and naturally must be very familiar witli it and with my manner of acting that character. I have noticed lately, and moi^e particularly last evening, that some of the passages in the play do not produce the effect they formerly d^ld. There is a certain speecli especially that seems to have lost its ipower. I refer to the one wherein Werner excuses himself to his son for the 'petty plunder' of Stralen helm's gold. In our earlier performances, if you remember, this apology was recei^■ed Avith marked favor, and, as you must have observed last evening, ii produced no apparent effect. Can you form any idea why this should be? Is it that the audience has :gro\vn too familiar witli the story ? I must beg you to be candid witli mo. I sliall not be offended by any adverse criticism >ou may make, should you •Gay that the fault is with me." "Well, Mr. Macready, since you desire that I should speak plainly," said Mrs. Warner, "I do not think it Is because your audience is too familiar with the story, but because you aie too familiar with it your- self." "I thank you, madam," said IMacready, "but how does ihis mar the effect of the sp-ech '>." "Thus," said Mrs. Warner. "When you spoke that speech ten years ago there was a surprise in your face as though you then only realized what you had clone. You looked sliocked and bewildered, and in a forloill way seemed to cast about for words that would excuse the crime ; and all this with a depth of feeling and sincerity that would naturally come from an honest man who had been for the first time in ms lire ai^cused of tl'cft." "That Is as it should be given," said Macready. "And now, madam?" " You speak it, " said his frank critic, " like one who has committed a great many thefts in his life, and whose glib excuses are so pat and frequent that he is neither shocked, surprised nor abashed at the accusation." " I thank you, madam, " said the old actor. " The distinction may appear at first as a nice one, but there is much In it." MR. JEiFFER?OX ZXAISHXE; HIMSlil^F. When I beard that story from Mr. Couldock it stnick me with much force. I knew then that I had been unconsciously falling into the same error, and I felt that the fault would increase rather than diminish with time if I could not hit upon some method to check it. I began by listening to each important question as tJiough it had been given me for the first time, turning the query over in my mind and then answering it, even at times hesitating as if for want of words to frame the reply. I will admit that this is dangerous ground and apt to render one slow and prosy ; in fact, I was accused, and I dare say quite jusily, of pausing too long. This, of cours'e, was the other extreme and had to be looked to, so that it be- came necessary that the pauses should, by the manner and pantomime, be made sufficiently Interesting not to weary an audience; so I summed It up somewhat after the advice of Mr. Lewes— to take time without appearing to t^tlie time. Pantomimic aiotion, unless it is in perfect harmony with the scene, is faital to the effect of a delicate poMit. If the situation be a violent one, suoh as Iflie preparation for battle in "Richard," or where Hamlet's uncle rises from his seat in the play scene, dismissing the audience, the aitua^tion bein^ pronounced and the action strong, indifferent pantomime on tihe part of the actors might not be noticed in the bustle and excitement. But, to exiemplify my meaniiin.g, let ui take a pDint where the audience is called upon, not lor enithusiastic applause, 'biut for rapt attention ; where the situation iis so subtle tliiat the head bowed slowly down, or a movenient of tlie eye, will reveal the meaning. Now, at this critical point, if one of tile actor i should eveai remove his liat. or unmeanimgly shift his position, he will destroy the effect. The finer tlie acting the more ea-ily the effect is de troyed, j'ust as a sicratch will di ffg-ure a polished surface that would not show on the face of a cobblestone. The audience cannot look in two places at once; the eye is such a tyrant tl^at it distracts from the subject "then necessary to be considered," directing the attention to a useless and Intrusive movement. The value of repose is so great that it is difficult to estimate it. THE ART OF DOIX& XOTHIXG OX THE STAGE. At iehears':il the amat2ur, having finished liis speech, invariably asks the stage manager what he shall do next. As soon as he ceases to be the in- teresting figure, he should observe the action of the other cliaracters ; this is the most natural by-plav and the least likely to do harm. It acts like the distance in a picture, which, bv being sub^lued, gives strength to tne foreground. But the tyro is generally fearful that he will fail to attract attention, whereas obscurity instead of prominence may at that tim-3 be most desii-able. To do nothing upon th? stage seems quite simple, but some people never acquire tills MEMORIAL ADDEESSE> AND AFIEE-DINNEE SPEECHES. 75 negative capacity. It is David's speech (in "Tiie Rivals") tliul terrifies Acres. Hoav could an audience get tiie full value of wliat David says if they were looliiifg at the lace of Acres? The two characters would conflict with each other, and so rob the picture •of cleai'ness. But if Acres here will subdue his per- sonality and sHilv, as it were, into the baokgi^ound, the audience ^\-ill get the full force of what David says and become as perfectly saturated with its meaning as Acres himself. Now see how fully they are prepared to receive the expression of fear from the latter. After David's scene is over, Acres has the audience .at full command—the slightest suggestion from him is taken up at once. They know liis cliaracter and realize liis position as vividly as he does himself; it Is because tliey have had the full and uninterrupted benefit of the previous scene. If, during David's speech, 1, as Acres, show- my face to the audience or pull out my handlvercliief and weep, I might gain a temporary advantage, but I should weaken David, and in the end mar the effect of my own character; ^nd, believe me, an audience is aiwaj^s grateful to an actor who dii'ects its attention in tlie right way. The traveller tlianks the tnitliful finger-post, but never forgives the rascal who has misdirected Mm. Xotluug in art is more distressing than to see an Victor attract the attention of the audience from an In- teresting point in the performance by the introduction of some unimportant by-play. At times this is done fi'om ignorance, but, I regret to say, often tiirough jealousy. This unfair spirit reflects back upon the gTiUty party, for the public resents it quietly while the offender least suspects it; their enjoyment has been marred, and the obnoxious cause of it has onl^ consoled them by a display of unmean- tngi activity ; they refuse this rubbish and inwardly mark the individual wlio has t'..l& impertinence t3 oft'er it. But, as two pigs tinder a gate make more noise than one, it is stiU worse to see a paii- of rantf2rs or a couple of buffoons trj'ing to outdo each other. There Is but one recompense ; they are boili self-slaughtered In the conflict, As two spent swiniraers tliat do cling together, And choke tlieii- ait. THE PPvESENT COXDITIOX OP THE STAGE. I Avas present some time ago when there was quite an interesting conversation in relation t3 the stags. Many subjects wei-a discussed and I was interivgated on a point wIitcIi is of some in-portance. If I remem- ber rightly the question put to me was tliis : " Do you consider the stage in a better condition now than it Mas foimerly .' ^ay fi-oni one to two hundred ^'ears ago?" I replied that I thought the question was leading me a long way back, and tliat though I might mItu justice lay claim to a lengthened di'amatic experience, the date mentioned was rather before my time. Hut if I am to reason from my knowl.dge and engraft It en the Jhistory of the past, I would unhesitatingly declare that the stage is in a much better condition now than it ever was betore. The sccial and moral status of the whole w^orld has undoubtedly improved, and gone hand in .hand with scientific and material progress ; and permit me U) assure you that the stage in tliis respect has not been idle, but that, to my knowledge, it has In tlu march of improvement kept pace fojt by foot with ^very social advance. Even the coarse dramas of the olden time were in keeping Avith the :on.diiious .of the soicial/ ; and lAtsrary •J7,";ia^tii,- that sm-romided it. Those p'ays that appealed to the lowest tastes were not only welcome but demanded by the coiu't CKf Charles. Old Pepys, who lived duiing this time, saj's in liis diaiy : "I went last night to see 'A 3Iidsummer Night's Dream' ; it Avas a great waste of time, and I hope I shaU neA^er again be con- demned to see -such a poor plaJ^ Ah, giv^e me a comedy of Ethelrid.!re, and let us nave no more of tliis dull, vague Shakespeare." It was not, thei-efore, that there were no good plaj-s, but that the vaciou^4)ubLic Avanted bad ones, and'wliile rakes and unprincipled gallants and Alle women Avere the heroes and heroines of the stage, the plays of Sliakespeare had been Avritten for a hundred years. Such lovely creatures as Bosalind, Desdemona. Beatrice, Ophelia, Imogene, Portia and Juliet, together Avith their noble mates, Orlando, Benedict, Hamlet, Romeo, and a host of pure and marvellous creations were moulding on the shelves, because the managers had stiflered bankruptcy for daring to produce them. Shakespeare says that the actors are "the abstract and brief chronicles of the times." And so the people insisted that the actois fehould give them an exhibition of tiie licentious times rather ttian the splendid lessons of Shakespeare. As the social world improved in its tastes the drama fol- lowed it— nay, in some instances has led it. SHAKESPEARE OR BAQOX AGAIN". There is a matter Altally connected Avili the stage to which I may call your attention. We are told that in every decade the shoremen that live on Long Island are stirred up Avlth a desire to htmt for the secreted treasures of the la e lamented Captain Kid, and It seems that the world has periodical attacks of a solemn question, " Did Shakespeare or Bacon Avrite the playg that for many centuries haA^e enlightened tlie English- speaking world?" It has been said that a female descendant of Bacon a; one time went so far as to try to break into the tomb of Shakespeare Avitli a crowbar, in the hopes ot finding some manuscript that would reA^eal the fact tliat her respected ancestor was the righlful heir to tile fame of Avhicli Shakespeare was supposed to have robbed him. Lately a neAV theorist has appeared in the Hon. Ignatius Donnelly, Tliis gentleman has Avrit en a work entitled the '•' G-reat Cryptogram,*' in Avhich he emphatically denies that Shake- speare A\-rote those plays, and insists that Bacon Avas their author. I am not a fair critic of the work, as I have only had extracts from it. Argument is something extre^nely potent. It Avas once proA^ed by an ingenious writer that Napoleon never existed, but the gentleman forgot to prove that Napoleon djLdn't die. Sm*ely, if he died, he must have liA^ed. ^ . , NoAV, the work of Mr. Ignatius Donnelly certainly proves that Bacon AAi-ote the plays, but it doesn't proA^e that Shakespeare didn't. In the first volume, the question is asked in conspicuous head-hues: ••'Where are the copies of the plays?" and I must 'admit that it is most remarkable that no scrap of paper has ever been found in Ms handAvriting that Avould prove his authorship. But if tlie loss or destruction of the manuscript has any Aveight against Shakespeare's having Avritten the plays, does it not also stand with the same force against Bacon? Ac- coiHilng to this logic, no one Avrcte the plays. If we accept such theories, in what a maze we are left, rnder this behef. we not only lose our Shakespeare, but we do not CA^'en save our Bacon. ^Miile I respect the author's research (for all desire to unmask im- posture and lay bare the truth is most commendable), I beg to reply to him : MR. JEFFERSON'S ANSWER TO MR. DONNELLY. Pvespected member- of the Ear and State : In Law ajid Literature profoundly great; As you haAe thrust at an imir.ortal name, I claim the right of naiiying the same. For though I'm neitheo" sMlled in LaAv or Science, The gauntlet you'A'e thiown down in bold defiance, (Espoiising Bacon's cause armed cap-a-pie,) I here take up to have a tilt AN'ith thee. You pose before me as the great "1 am,'" And flourish forth that deaily ci vijtogi'am ; That cuiious A-olume, mystic and misleadinjr, Co-joiutly with your case of special pleading. But I defy them both, for good or ill. And stiand the champion of "immoital AVill." So shall my sword upon thine own impinge, "The croaking PvaA-en, bellows forth 'Revenge.' *■ The Actor doth the Lawyer heie oppose. The sock and buskin for the woolsack goes. La J" on, Macduff, With all your legal stuff And damned be he Wlio first cries, "Hold I enough." Stay : Ere we come to blows, with main and might, I bepr to scan the ground on which w.e fight. The question's this, if I am not mistaken. 76 LIBRAIiY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. "Did Shakev^peare or did Francis Bacon. Inspired br grenius and by learning too. Compose the wondrous wovks we have in view?" The scholar Bacon was a man of knowledge. But insiJiration isn't fcvught at college. With all the varied gifts in Will's i>ossession The wondening world asks, "What was his profession?" He must have been a lawyer, says the lawyer ; He surely was a sawyer, says the sawyer ; The diruggist says of course he wa? a chemist; The skilled mechanic dubs him a machinist; Thql thoughtful sage declares him but a tlhinker. And everj' tinman swears he was a tinker. If Shakesp?are was so poor a piece of stuff. How is it Bacon trusted him enough To throw these valued treasures at his feet And not so much as ask for a receipt? Such confidence is almost a monstrosity And speaks of unexampled generosity. Oh, liberal Fra.ncis, tell us why we find Pope calling thee the "meanest of mankind"? But now to Shakesp«aTe let us turn, I pray, And hear what h's companions have to say. First then. Ben Jonson, jealous of Will's wit, Paid tribute when his epitaph he wiit. If other proofs are wanting than Rare Ben's We will consult forthwith a group of friends. Awake ! Beaumont and Fletcher, Spenser, Rowe, Arise ! and tell us, for you surely know : Was, or was not, my client the great poet? And If he wasn't don't you think you'd know it? These his companions, brother playwrights mind. Could they be hoodwinked ? Were they deaf or blind ? I find it stated to our bard's discredit^- And 'tis the author of the Cryptogram who said it— That Shakespeare's tastes were Anilgar and besotted, And all his fam'ly have been allotted To herd and consort with the low and squalid; But whence the p^oof to make this statement valid? They ever say his daughter cou'd not read; Of such a statement I can take no heed Except to marvel at the logic of the slight : So, if she couldn't read— he couldn't write? Your proofs are too confusing, and as such Tou've only proved that you have proved too much. The details of three hundred years ago We can't accept, because we do not know. The gene" a' facts we are pepared to s\\'anow, Whl'e unimpoitant trifles beat us hollow. We know full well That Nero was a sinner. But we can't tell What Nero had for dinner. Just take my hand and come with me To where once stood the famous miilberrv tree. Then on to Stratford Church, here take a peep At where the "fnthors cf the hamlet sleen." They hold the place of honor for the dead. The family of Shakespeare at tho head. Before the altar of this sacred place They have been Eriven burial ar.d grace. Your vQgue tradifons are but a surmise : The proof I offer is before your eyes. And oh, my comrades, brothers all in Art, Permit me ju.st one moment to depart From this my subject, urging vou some day To seek this sacred si>'t and humbly luav That Shakespeare's rage toward us will kindly soften. Because, you know, we've murdered him so often. I ask this for mv.sclf. a poor comedian : What should I do had I been a tragedian ? I could nile un a lot of other stuff But I have taxed your patience quite enough; In turning o'er the matter in my mind This is the plain solution that I find : It surely is— "whoe'er the cap may fit"—. Conceded that these wondrous plays were writ. So if my Shakespeare's not the very same. It must have been another of that name. FUTURE OF REPUBLICAiSISM. ]\IR. SUTHERLAND'S WISE AND INSPIRING^ SPEECH AT ALBANY. HE DISCUSSES THE, SENATE STEAL, TELLS THE COLD TRUTH ABOUT MAYXARD, SHOWS THAT REPUBLICANS ARE BEATEN ONLY BY THEIR, OWN FAULT AND GIVES 'some mighty GOOD ADVICE. At the recent dinner of the Unconditional Re- publican Cliih of Albany, on the occasion of the- last anniversary' of Lincoln's Birthday, William A. Sutherland, the Republican nominee for Attorney- General last fall, delivered a speech in response to- the toast "The Future of the Republican Party,'* which deserves as wide a circulation as it can possibly be given. The Tribune gave extract©- from the speech the morning after it was delivered which showed Its character and force, but it is- such a well-knit argument in favor of that or- ganization which is the Republican party's great- est need in this State that its appearance in full to-day will certainly be of great value. The les- sons drawn from the elections that have occurred' during the last twenty-five years are most im- pressive. Mr. Sutherland spoke as follows : He who seeks to look into the future miist study diligently tlie past. Wlioever strives to forecast com- ing events must have intslllgent appreciation of the happenings of to-day. And a student of t''e philo-ophy of politics, espacially one -seeldng for the course by which lie tliinlvs his party shou'd. s,t er, needs to go- below the surface and learn the undercurrents moving" men to, or restraining them f:^om, political action. We have boen taught by the wise men of the party that mucli of RepubUcnn failure in ths State of New- York has been due to other causes than those I shall discuss to-night. Some particular man, or set of men, have been selected as the scapegoats upon whose head* should rest th3 maledictions of earnest Republicans- whenever the party has failed to achieve success at the uolls. It lias been said, even within my recol- lection, that if certain so-caUed leaders of tUe party could be deposed from their s?lf-assumed posi ion, the party, rising like a giant retreslied, having shaUen off its burdeiii^oms load, would, overcome all opposition and rush triumphant to the position of power. But in my judgment, this arcrument has carried us to far. Whatev'er of justice or right there may or may not have been in tlie attempts of one set of men within the party to depose fioni leadership some otlior set of men, and whatever of force there may or may not liave been in th.e claim tiiat tliis or that or the other man and his friends should retire from a position of prominence, tlie balance of the argument, namely, that the mere retiring of any man or s_t of men would. insure triumph lo the party, has proved a delusion; and a snare. NOT THE FAULT OF LEADERS. The RcpubUcan party of the iftate of New- York has; mad8« a record, in the casting of votes tliat is very instructive. That recoi-d has biit one exception, the year 1866. Leaving out that exception, the record: is this: That the vote of the party is only polled, once in four years. No matter wiint the' issue has been; no matter how excellent the ticket, no matter MEMORIAL ADDRESSES AND AFTER-DINNER SPEECHES. wiieMier tlie "leaders" were new or oicl, the vots^ of the .party lias not been gottsn to the polls in " off" years. Many able and astute men have been giving reasons why Mr. Fassett was not elected Governor at the •election of 1891, out none of them, so far as 1 have obseived, have quaUiled their reasoning by any refer- -ence to. much less any admission of, this stubborn -and very unA^^eicome fact, namely : That the Republican candidates on th& State ticket of 1891 received just -as loyal support from the party, and Just as large a IJercentage of the party vote, as any other State ticket voted for in any but a Presidential year since 18(30, with only one single, solitary, lonesome exception, Mr. Fassott receTved in 1891 nearly 45,000 more votes than were cast for Mr. Davenport in 1885 ; 116,000 votes more than were cast for Governor ■Cornell in 1879, and nearly 50,000 votes more than our State ticJiet received in 1889. In 1860 the Republican vote of the State of New- York was 362,646, as against 312,510 De^mocratic. Abraham Lincoln, in memory of wJiom we gather here to-night with uncovered heads, and whose hfe -and character came as a blessing to all manMnd, was then elected President. I well remember, though but a boy at the time, how eai'nest were the Republicans of the State of New- York in 1862 to support the liands ^nd stren.gthen the administration of Abraham Lincoln. They nominated for Governor G-eneral James S. Wadsworth, a widely known and highl(j^ respected Tesident of Western New- York ; a gentleman whose noble impulses had moved him to se-nd a shipload of provisions to tiie Emerald Isle, in the days of the great famine in Ireland, and wliose patriotic soul had led him (to don the uniform of the defenders of our flag and render heroic services in tlie cause of tho Umion. He liad been Mlhtary Governor cf the District of ColumLia, and was dlose to the administration of Abraham Lincoln. He was beloved by tlie people; was respected by the State, and was famous throughout the Nation. No stain was upon his character; he was freely and voluntarily nominated for the office of Governor by the Republicans of the State, and Abraham Lincoln was slretching his emancipating hands toward the impeiial member of the sisterhood of loyal States, asking the people of this, the greatest, the grandest and most powerful of the tlnited States, to show her loyalty, not only to the Administration but to tiie Nation itself, by electing James S. Wadsworth as her Governor. The Democratic vots that year for Horatio Seymour was 306,649, being not quite 6,000 less than the Democratic vote of 1860. In 1860 the Republicans had carried the State by 50,000, In 1862, however, while the Democratic vote fell off less than 6,000, the Republican vote was reduced by over 67,000, and the loyal, the brave the generous, the every-way acceptable General Wadsworth received only 295.897 votes. REPUBLICANS VOT£ ONLY ONCE IX FOUR YEARS. There was in this falling off no rehuke intended by outraged Republicans against any bosses, nor against the Administration of Abraham Lincohi, nor against the character of the Republican candidate, nor the plat- form upon which he stood. Ther-e was simply and only that which has occurred in every off year but one since that date, such deplorable, and I might almost say such criminal, inattention to their poUtical duties by many members of the Republican party, that the right was defeated and the wrong prevailed. In 1864 the Repubhcan vote for Pi'esident was 368,735, and the Democratic vote was 361,986. The year 1866 fur- nishes the only exception to the regular and persistent staying at home by tlie Republicans, no matter if even a Governor is to be elected, unless there is also a Presi- dent to be voted for. The Republican vote in 1866 for Governor was only 2,420 less than tlie votes cast for Lincoln in 1864, being 366,315, and the Democratic vote was 352,526. In 1868 the Republican vote for President was 419,883, and the Democratic vote 429,857. For Governor in 1870, the Democratic vote fell about 20.000 from its Presidential vote in 1868, but the Republican vote was reduced by 53,447 ; the Repub- lican ticket receiving 366,436, and the Democratic ticket 399,552. In 1872 many Democrats refused to support their candidate, Gree.ey, and their vote was the lightest, but one, of any Presidential vote in the thirty years under review, being 387,282. The Repub- lican vote was 440,738. But in 1874, only two years afterward, the Democratic vote went up from 387 000 to 416,391, while the Republican vote, which was cast for that gallant soldier, that sturdy patriot, John A. Dix, fell from 440,000 in 1872 to 366,074. John A. Dix was just as good a man in 1874 as he was in 1872 He was elected in 1872, but in 1874 there were 84 664 Republicans who neglected to cast their votes for his re-election. SOME HIGHLY SIGNIFICANT FIGURES. In 1876 the Repubhcan elec oral ticket received 489,207 votes, and 521,949 were cast for Tilden. For Secretary of State, in 1877, the Repubhcan vote was only 371,798, being a reduction from the previous year of 117,509 votes. Of course the RepubUcans did not elect their State ticket. In 1879 there were 77,000 votes cast for Jolm Kelly for the office of Governor, for Avliich reason Lucius Robinson received only 375,- 790, and Governor Cornell, the only Republican Gov- ernor the State of New- York has had since 1874, re- ceived 418,567 votes. But CorneU's vote was 70,000 less than that cast for Hayes in 1876. In 1880 the Republican electoral vote was 555,554, and the Demo- cratic vote was 534,811. In 1882 Grover Cleveland received for Governor 192,000 majority, but his vote was only 807 greater than Hancock's vote in 1880; for Cleveland received in 1882 jhst 535,318 votes. The Republican vote in 1882 was 342,464. "Unques- tionably very much of the Repubhcan falling off in 1882 was intentional on the part of the stay-at-home voters, and yet Folger's vote in 1882 was within 76,103 as great as that cast for Cornell in 1879, a dis- crepancy by no means equal to many I have noted. Although Cleveland carried the State in 1882 by 192,- 000, and very nearly, if not quite, lost it in 1884, his vote Avas increased in 1884 over that wliich he re- ceived in 1882 by 27,730, and the official records show that he received in 1884 563,048 votes, while the official record of the vote for Blaine was 562,001. In 1885 the Democra ic vote for Governor was less by nearly 63,000 than its Pi-esidential vote in 1884. Cleveland is said to have carried the State in 1884 by tlie slender plurality of 1,047. Surely wlien 62,586 Democrats failed to go to the poUs in 1885, the Repub- licans ought to have carried the State. They would have (lone so if only 12,000 out of the 71,670 stay-at-home voters who voted for Blaine in 1884, had been %\illing to put themselves to the very small inconvenience of trav- 'otes. The vote for Hill was 501,462, and for Daven- port 490,333 . In 1888 the RepuDlicaii vote lor President was 650,338. and the Democraiic vote was 635,905. In 1889, for Secretary of Stiite, the Demo- cratic vote fell to 505,894. It would seem that with 130,000 stay^-at-home Demoo-ats, the Republican State ticket in 1889 should have been elected; but the Re- publican vote fell from G50,OOC to 485.367, and 165,- 000 Republicans who voted for Harrison in 1888 did not care enough about the State ticket in 1889 to go to the polls and vote. It is signihcant as bearing upon the meaning of that particular Republican stay-at- home vote that while leadersMp in the party has very often changed between 1860 and 1800, there was the same le;idersliip, the same chairman of the State Committee and the same general situation of the Re- publican party in 1889 as in 1888. J3ut see the dis- aster which those 165,000 stay-at-home Republicans have brought upon the party and upon the State ! If t7iey. indeed, if only 21,000 of them, had dropped their several occupations long enough to vote, a Repub- lican Board of State Canvassers would have been elected, whom Governor Hill could not have per- suaded to violate the statutes and disobey the coni- m.'inds of the courts. The present State Senate, which the courts said was Republican, could not ha\'e been stolen by tlie Democrats if our excellent State ticket 78 LIBEARY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. in 1889 had received 7S per cent of the Republican vote of the previous year. SOME SUGKJESTIOXS FOR FUTURE WORK. In 1893 the JRepublican party was united. I thinjc it is my duty as one of tliose who went down witli the ticket to repel at all times and in all places the insinuation of the Democratic press that amy faction or element or considerable number of members of the Kepublicau pi.rty liad any but the most loyal desire for the success of the ticket in 1391. 1 believe the party was ne%'er more nnited in support of a ticket than it avus last fall. I challenge any man to point out in any i-art of the State any Republicans, sufficient- ly numerous to be worth mentioning, who expressed dissatisfaction with the ticket; or who manifested any desire for Its dei'eat; or who did anythmg, except give the ticlvet their loyal and even enthusiastic sup- port; i^ave and only the great army of regular and ever recurring stay-at-home voters. Fassett received in 1891 534,950 votes, being 49,589 more than wei'e cast for Gilbert, Secretary of State, in 1889, but being over 100,000 less than were cast for Harrison in 1888 ; while Flower i-eceived 582,893, being 53,072 votes less than were cast for Cleveland in 1688, but about 87,000 more than were cast for Rice in 1889. A gratifying futui-e for the Republican sparty in the State and in the Nation depends upon whether an affirmative answer can be give i to this question : Can we, and will we, adopt such means as will insure the polling of the full Republican vote at every election 1 The party in the Nation dupends more than it has been willing to admit upon the Repuljlicans of the Sta-'e of New- York. During the years we have reviewed, with the exceptions of 1868 and 1876, the electoral vote of New-York has been iu the majojity column:-, of the electoral vote of the Nation; and since 1876 the electoial vote of New- York has determined the na- tional content. But the mere statement of the case is sufficient to prove tJiat the continued success of Democracy in off years materially contributes to their vote in this State at Presidential e ections, and materially retards the efforts of the Repu! lirans in bringing out the Republican vote at Presidential elec- tions. The success or failure of tlie Reipubhcan party in off years, in the State of New- York, bears materially upon the success of the party in the Niation at a Presidential eection. Anxious eyes will be directed toward the Empire State duriuig the coming summer and fall, and we shall be bidden to Herculean labors by our bfre'hren of every State, in the h:>pe that by those labors we may again place New- York in the RepubUcan column. Our labors this year will not be lightened, nor will our task be any le?.s difficult, (because the whole elec- tion miachinery of the State is in the liands of our opponents. Hence the duty of even those Republi- cans who are only interested in tihe party from a national standpoint to come ito the polls at every election, every fall and every spring, in order that when the National contesit is on, the machinery of elections may not be in active and possibly cori-upt operation against us. CAMPAIGXING- ALL THE YEAR ROUND. How theui can we secure the polling of ithe full Republican vote in an off-year? Repubhcans lare notoriously aotive at ju?t about the close of the campaign. Democrats are aotive and vi^lant from January 1 to the 31st of December. We suffer the Democrats to take conlirol of the boards of Supervisorsi of Republican counties, and fold our hands to .a little more sleep and a little more slumber, blissfully dreaming that it mat-ers not who represents a town in \1he county legislature. But a few days after an important eleciiion we find Democratic Super- vlsoips running away from the commands of the Su- preme Court of the State, with election returns in tfieir pockets, under letters of safe conduct from the Demjocratic Governor, and promise of swift pardon from punishment px'ompted by the righteous indigna- tion of an outraged court. AJt the same time we see Democrats in another Board of Supervisors manu- facturing, without even daring to disclose the pa'ocess- of manufaotaxre, a false and fraiidulent majority for a Democratic candidate for the State Senate ; and a Republican County 'Clerk required under pain of de- capitation to certify to the State Canvassere tliis false and fraudulent result. We see State Canvassers, elected (o their high positions because Repubhcans were busy with some otlier concern on election day, eagerly reacliing out i:heir hands to receive, hy personal delivery, these false and fraudulent returns but afterward refusing to receive by personal dehvery (because the statutes say delivery shall be thorough the mails) certified copies of returns from the same coun'y corrected alter judicial examination W Dem- ocratic judges. We see some of these same can- vassers activelj' participating ii the suppression of those same corrected returns when they were after- ward received througlx the mail at the offices of tJie Governor, the Controller and the Secretary of State : and we see those State Canvassers, by unani- mous vote, defy the maidates of all the cotirts of the State and of every judge who had had those re- turns under examination, by canvassing the false and fraudulent returns against tlie mandamus of the Supreme Court unanimously alfirmed by the Court of Appeals. And all these things are done simply and only to secure a partisan majority in oie branch oi the Leglslattire. In view of these recent doings, I beheve the entire Republican party will welcome with eagei^uess the adoprion of a y honorable means by which hereafter the entire Republican vote can be pulled out of its apathy and l)rought to the polls on every electioi day. I believe this magnificent Unconditional Reptiblican Club of Albany is ready to do its share in that work. Can I not ask of this club, whose name calls up the image of that gi*eat conqueror of the Rebellion, and whose membership is now assembled to do honor to the memory of the immortal Lincoln, to do what perhaps no one man can do successfully, to spring to the relief of the Republican party, and propose and carry into execu- tion such means as will insure a livq.. active and fruitful campaign before every election day? THE STATE COMMITTEE SHOULD ORG-ANIZE IN JANUARY. Suppose you propose to the party that hereafter our campaigns begin on the first day of January and conclude not until, somebody in every election district of the State has been called to account and given either praise or condemnation for the result of that election in Ms particular election district. Suppose you propose that we do not wait until after a State Convention in the faU for the appoiutment of a State Committee and its organization for the purposes of that campaign. We all Imow how this has operated in the past. After our State Conventions, with scarce an exception since 1860, I think only ex- cepting 1879 and 1882, Republicans have gone to their homes congTatulating themselves upon the nomi- nation of an excellent ticket and their excellent prospects of success. Some time afterward the State Committee appointed at that State Convention has organized. State Committees have always promised us success do^\^l to the very eve of election, but State Committees organized at such late day have never been able to become carefully informed as to the situation in the interior of the State. In Presidential years the State Committee 1ms usually been appointed at the spring convention, and the members thereoi then knew who would have charge of the campaign. The campaign has been begun early and the vote of the party has been drawn out. The State Com- mittee should be able in every year, at every elec- tion, to send its impulse into the uttermost parts of the State, as the heart sends the life-blood througtt the minutest arteries and to the smallest point in every part of tlie body. Too often the State Com- MEMOEIAL ADDRESSES AND AFTEE-DINNER SPEECHES. '9 mittee has been pounding away in New- York City very mucli like the heart-beats of a man wliose ex- tremities are encased in ice. Ought not the State Committee to be in active operation long before tlie holding of the State Convention? A great measure of the success of the Republican party in the County of Monroe, in which county I may say that better results were obtained last fall than in any other of the interior counties of the State, is due to the fact tliat for upward of ten yeai's past the County Committee, appointed at the fall convention, has not taken office until the first day of the fol- lowing January, and so has organized in January for the campaign in November. A State Committee or- ganized in January could and should be charged with the responsibility ot seeing to it that every Republican county elects a Republican Board of Super- visors in tlie spring. To tins end, they could and should require Republican County Committees In every county, as in Monroe, to take office and to organize in January for the entire year. With County Committees in active operation for the spring cam- paigns, and the State Committee organized in Jan- uaiy, we would have ample means of information as to the situation and of tlie needs of the party in every county and every town in the State. By beginning at once the collection of information, and tlie col- lection of funds, the State Committee could, before tlie first day of Marcli in every year, place Republi- can newspapers in tlie hands of enough doubtful voters or apathetic Republicans to produce very sub- stantial results on election day. The State Com- mittee, organized tlius early and properly supported by the party, could have, before a State Convention Is even called, an actual canvass of the greater part if not all tiie State, showing just wliere the greatest efforts would liave to be put forth in the fall. And a State Committee tlius organized, and thus carrying on a campaign, could and should call to account at the close of its campaign all through whom it had acted and administer due condemnation to all who had failed In their duty, and hold up to the very proper and deserved commendation of the entire party every man who had discharged the full measure of his duty. A State Committee thus early organized, and Imomng that from January 1 it ^vas to have charge of the party and Its campaign for that year, could and would seek the co-operation and the active interest of earnest Re- publicans in every part of the State. Doubtless so early an organization of the State Committee would necessitate the employment of a permanent secretary and the establishment of a permanent headquarters. But the contribution by our moneyed men of $10,000 for tills purpose, in the month of JanuaiY. would be of more value to the party than the contribution of $50,000 on the first day of November. The proper and legitimate expenditure of money through the spring and summer months in finding out where and wlio the doubtful and hesitating voters are, and in furnishing them with proper literature, and in sending missionaries personally to labor with them, is worth tenfold the expenditure of vastly greater amounts the last week of October in the hiring of brass bands or the shooting off of fireworks. " HONEST" DEMOCRATS AND THE SENATE STEAL. What is there that promises the hearty acquiescence of the great mass of the party in any honorable im- provement in our party management? First, there is the great and general disappoint- ment of Republicans over the failure of last fall. And second, and far more potential, there is the uncovering which we have seen of the present management of the Democratic party in all its hideous nakedness. To-day the RepubUcan party has been awakened from its dreams. It has been rudely and grossly shaken into its wakefulness, and it sees with staring and astonished eyes tlie entire Democratic party of the State standing as the enemy of decency, of honesty, of uprightness and integrity. When Governor Hill, a few hours after election, notwithstanding the returns at the County Clerks* offices showed eighteen Republicans and fourteen Democrats elected to the State Senate, made public proclamation that the Senate was Democi^atic, men said "this man is mad," ^d that even Democrats would not sanction so patent a theft as the transfer of A majority of four in the Senate Into a minority* But the men who said these things were all Republi- cans. There was no Democrat from Buffalo to, Al- bany nor from the St. Lawrence River to Montauk Point who lifted his voice or raised hfis finger \or wrote a line in protest against the Governoi's proclamation. When the Deputy Attorney-General of the State of New- York [hovered over the Democratic Boai"d of Supervisors of Dutchess County, and plying his way back and forth beween Albany and Pouglilveepsie^ steadily turned the wheel that ground out a false and fraudulent result on State Senator in that county, where was the Democratic newspaper, with the single exception of one brave little sheet in Pouglikeepsie, that dared say aught against this proceediug? And who was the Democratic leader anywhere within the borders of the Empire State who lifted his voice against the iniquity ? As tJie conspiracy progressed step by step, and in county after county ; as that conspiracy approached its completion ; and when Republicans bestirred them- selves to make such appUcation to the courts las might result in undoing these wrongs ; wliat Democratic newspaper, what Democratic leader, what single and isolated individual member of that party came for- ward wilth any word of encouragement for the oppo- nents of the wrong, or with a syllable of condemna- tion for any of the wrong-doers? FALLING- DOWN BEFORE A GANG OF SHAMELESS THIEVES. Just now, it is true, there is some little indication of activity against the chief wrong-doer, but that activity is directed only against the holding of a convention in the m.onth of Februarj". Very excellent gentlemen are now lifting their voices against the outrage which has been perpetrated by the naming of February instead , of April as the time when the Democrats of the State of New- York should, in convention assembled, prostrate themselves before their god and their proprietor, David B. Hill. But what one of these excellent and well- int3ntioned gentlemen has been heaixi to protest against the violation by the State Canvassers of the solemn and unanimously aflirmed mandates of the Supreme Court of the State? These gentlemen make loud outcries against the sort of weather in which their State Con- vention is to be held; but when a Supervisor, with election returns in his jwcket, was dodging into dark- ness lest the courts should correct the wrong-doings of IMr. Hill's minions ; when Mr. Hill's ]>ersonal appointees and official friends were, under liis evident and official direction, engin.eering flagrant and violent pieces of political burglary ; when Mr. Hill was swinging a headsman's axe at a Republican County Clerk who re- fused to certify a false statement to be correct ; when he was transmitting a pardon with lightning speed to one wliom the Court had adjudged in contempt; and even rater still, when by the slow process of the regulai* turn of the judicial wheel one fact after another has been brought to light, showing that Governor Hill, Deputy Attorney-General Maynard and Secretary of State Rice, if not tlie entire Board of State Canvassers, were de- libei-ately strangling at the birth official returns brought forth with much labor ijy the midwifery of Democratic judges; even now, and in presence of tills mass of colossal iniquity, the entire Democratic paiiiy stands dumb. Tliey acquiesce in and receive the fruits of practices which Tweed never dreamed ot, and which have raised the author and successful perpetrator there- of to be the only true and genuine object of the idolatrous worship of the Democratic party. Before this hideous monster of iniquity, tills engineer and perpeti-ator of outrages almost indescribable, it seems to tlie Republican observer as if the entire Democratic party were prostrate in adoration. THE RIGHT KIND OF TALK ABOUT MAYNARD. There are, it Is true, some good men In the Democracy of New- York. But their voices made no discord In the songs of praise that swelled and rose to greet every advance of the Hill conspiracy. Not even a solitary Democrat has been heard to give 80 LIBEAEY OF TEIBUNE EXTEA^. the faintest sound of protest at the indignity put upon the members of cur highest court, whea tlie command •of Senator Itill moved the hand of Governor Flower to push along the judges of that court, and to seat by their side, upon a hitherto scainless bench, a creature upou wliose handiwork thev had but a few liours before ipronounced unanimous judicial condemnation. What Democratic member of the bar, wliat Democratic ■newspaper, what man who voted for Flower lias shown that he even tbouirlit of disapproving that outrage by Governor Flower upon tiie Goddess of Justice, when lie took the man wlio liad stolen from the Conti'oUer's office judicially acciedited election returns and dumped that man upon the bench of tlie court of last resort ! Thank God that the going out of tliis j'ear will see .him thrown off from that bench, " unwept, unhonored .and unsung." liut wliat of the Democrats ? Do they not seem to rather like these doings? If tliere is a solitary Democrat in the State of New- Tork who even in his heart has rebelled against those astounding villanies, is he not Uke a trembling schoolboy in presence of his master, scarce daring to think his own thoughts, much less whisper them to his neighbor ? What, a commentary it is upon the domination of -Hillism in the Democratic party that with all tlie goings on of the past weeks the only note out of harmony with the Demociutic chorus was the feeble wail at Cooper Union last night over the fact that Washington's birthday is tliis year to be "a cold daj " for Grover Cleveland! What a spectacle is presented by the gleeful ac quiescence or else the fiightened silence of his en- tire party when the Governor of the State, whose lips had touched the sacred volume iii ma.king oath that he would enforce the laws, nevertheless en- courages, instigates and actively assists his Uke solemnly sworn subordinates in flagrant violations of the laws ! AX HOXEST BALIjOT THE GREATEST OF IS.?UES. There is yet, therefore, a mission for the RepubUcan party to fulfil. If it shall be that virtue do not depart from our land; that integrity become not a forgotten word; and that common honesty among the common people be not swallowed up In the quagmire of official corruption ; it will be bec-ause the Republi- can party of this State is so infused with virility as well as inspired with enthusiasm as to bring about not only the overthrow of the perpetrators of recent villany, but the continued supremacy of honest men. Even the material prosperity of the land, which depends so largely upon the success of the Republican party ; even the magnificent prospects opening be- fore us through tlie fruitful operation of '-Blaine's reciprocity humbug"; eVen the golden harvests of foreign coins wlilch we are just be- ginning to reap through the far-seeing statesmanship of Harrison's Administration, dwindle into insignifi- cance compared with the moral questions facing. the voters of tJiis State this fall, and every fall, until the present mas-ters of the Democratic party shall be com- pletely under foot. We hiave seen with surprise that party survive the leadersliip of Calhoun and Davis ; we have wondered how it could endure the commanding presence of Buchanan and Fernando Wood; we see now that it stands as a party in chains to obey with meeltness, mute and uncomplaining, the masterful will of its William M. Tweed returned to life in the person of its David B. Hill. If we shall teach our young men to obey the laws of the land, to respect the commands of the courts, to give some heed to their official oaths, and to abstain from grand larcenies ; if the coming generation of this gi'eat land shall be taught to respect virtue and avoid vice, to love the true and abstain from tlie false, to cherish the right and despise the wrong; this land must be governed by the party of the immortal Abra- ham Lincoln, the party of Unconditional Surrender Grant, the party of that king among the princes of the Nation, Roscoe Conkling; the party of the mar- tyred Garfield, the party that numbers in its ranks "the matchless man from Maine," and the party that has given us the peerless Admthistration of Benjamin Harrison. CITY OFFICIALS SCORED. DE, CHAELES H, PAEKHUEST'S SCATHING WOEDS. HE DEXOUNCEiS THEM AS " A DAMNABLE PACK OF ADJVHNISTRATIVE BLOODHOUNDS"— HERE. EVERY CRIME HAS ITS PRICE. New- York City's governing body, as at present con-" stituted, received whiat was perhaps the most scathing . denunciation of it ev^er hurled from a platform on the first Sunday in February at the hands of the Rev. Dr. Charles H. Parkhurst, pastor of the Madison Square Presbyterian Church. He sounded a trounpet call for Christian sentiment and end,eavor to back the crusade of the press against the varied forms of %4ce prevalent in New- York. The responsibility for the grossness and" open defiance of law that characterize the city's im- morality he charged directly upon the municipal offi-' cers now in power, using the most direct of un-" garnished Anglo-Saxon, and allowing no euphemism' to cloak the names and character of thie city officials" and their relations to the criminal classes. ' Dr. Parkhurst's text was : " Ye are the salt of the" earth." He said: That states illustratively the eatire situatloa. It char- acterizes the world we live in; it deftnes the functions of the Christiaiiity that- has entered into the world, aiiid it indi- cates by implication the stint which it devolves upon each Chri.stin.n man and woman of us to help to perform. These words of our text occur in what we have learned to know as 'The Sermon on the Mount," or what we might properly de-ignate as Christ's statement of fundamentals. In this sermon He is putting in His preliniinary work : He is laying a basis broad and deep enough to carry everything that will be laid upon it later. And it is one of the im- pressive features of the matter tliat the founder of Cliris- tianity so distinctly foresaw that pracfcieal and concrete re- lation with the v.orld into which tlie new faith ^^■as to come, and that so early in His ministry as this He an- nounced that relation in term* so .-fmple and unmistakable. Ye are the sa't of the earth. This, then, is i corrupt wcrld, and Christianity is the antiseptic that is to be lUbbed into it in order to arrest the processes of its decay. An illustration taJten from common tilings, but which states It a strolie the entire story. The reason for selecting the above Scripture, and the burden that is upon my mind this morning, is this: that current Christianity seems not n any notable or conspicuous way to oe fui/iiling the lestiny which tlie Lord here appoints for it. It lacks dis. tinct purpose, and it liick* virility. We are living in a wicked world, and we are fallen upon liad times. And the question that has been pressing upon my heart these days and weelcs past has been— What can I do ? We are not thinking just aiow sc much of the world at large as we are of the i>articular part of the world that it is our painful privilege to live in. We are noc saying that tlie times are amy worse than they have been. But the evil tViat is in them is giving most uncommcnly distinct tokens of its presence and vitality, and it is making a good many earnest; people serious. Tliey are asking, What is to be donel What is there that I can dol In its municipal life our city is thoroughly rotten. Here is an immense city reach- ing out arms of evangelization to every quarter of the globe ; and yet every step that we toke looking to the moral betterment of this city has to be taken directly in the teeth of the damnable pack of administrative blood- hounds that are fattening themselves on the ethical flesh and blood of our citizenship. We have a right to demand that the Mayor and those associated with him in adminis- , tering the affairs of this municipality should not put ob- structions in the path of our ame'iorating endeavors ; and they do. There is not a form luider which tlie devil dis- guises himself that so perplexes us in our efforts, or so bewilders us in tie devising of our sciiemes as the polluted harpies that, under the pretence of governing tliis city, are MEMOEIAL ADDE ESSES AND APTER-DINNEE SPEECHES. 81 feeding day and night on its gnivering vitals. TJiey are a lying, perjured, rum-soaked and libidinous lot. If we try to close up a house of prostitution or of assignation, we, In the guilelessness of our innocent imaginations, might have supposed that the arm of the city govermnent that takes official cognizance of such matters, would like noth- ing so well as to wiCtch daytimes and sit up nights for tlie purpose of bringing these dirty m'alefactors to their deserts. On the contrary, the arm of the cifcy government that takes official cognizance of such matters evinces but a languid interest, shows no genius in ferreting out crime, prosecutes only when it has to, and has a mind so keenly judicial that almost no amount of evidence that can be heaped up is accepted as sufficient to warrant indictment. IX UEAGUE WITH THE INFAMOUS PLACES. We do not say that the proposition to raid any noted house of assignation touches our city government at a sen- sitive spot. We do not say that they frequent them ; nor do we say that it is money in their pockets to have them maintained. We only say (we think a good deal more, but we only say) that so far as relates to the blotting out of such houses the strength ef the municipal administra- tion is practically leagued with them rather than arrayed , against them. The same holds true of other institutions of an alliecl character. G-ambling houses flourish on all these streets almost as thick as roses in Sharon. They are open to the initiated at any hour of day or night. They are eat- ing Into the character of somv of what we are accustomed to think of as our lest and most promising yoimg men. They are a sly and constant menace to all that is choicest and most vigorous in a moral way. in the generation that is now moving on to the field of action. If we try to close up a gamblina-house, we, in the guilelessness of our Innocent imesinations, might have supposed that the arm of the city government that takes cognizance of such matters would find no service so congenial as that of com- bining wiith well-intentioned citizens in turning up the light on these nefarious dens and giving to the public certified lists of the names of their frequenters. But if you convict a man of keeping a gambling hell in this town you have got to do it in spite of the authorities and not by the aid of the authorities. It was only tb^s past week that a search warrant was issued by one of the courts in town, and before the officer with his posse reached No. 522 Sixth-ave., the action of the court reached there, and the house that is spoken of in Scripture as empty, swept and garnished, was not, in point of unadorned vacuity, a circumstance to the innocent barrenness of the gambling rooms in question. I do not say that the judge of Jef- ferson Market Police Court was responsitle for the slip. I do not believe that he was, at least in any direct way. All that is intended by the reference is that the i)olice court leaked. With hardly the shadow of a doubt that court, in some one of its subordinates at any rate, stands in with the gamblers, and to that degree the court becomes the criminal's protector and guardian angel. This is men- tioned only as illustration of the fact that some peo- ple understand, and that all people ought to understand, that crime in thdis city is intrenched in our municipal administration, and that what ought to be a bulwark aganst crime is a stronighold in its defence. We strike the same difficulty again when we come to mat- ters of excise. No one can have followed the crusade that has been in progress these last weeks against im- licensed saloons or against saloons that have been open In unlicensed hours, and have a solitary shred of doubt thslt every conviction of a saloon-keeper is ottalnable only by a square fight with the constituted authorities. The police do not take the initiative. What has been done during the last six weeks has been done because the out- raged sentiment of decent people voicing itseli through the press has rendered it impossible for what we amuse our- selves by calling the guardlants of the public peace and virtue, vulgarly known as the police, to do otherwise than bring some criminals to justice, or at least to threaten to do so. Unless all signs are misleading, your average policeman or your average police captain is not going to disturb a criminal, if the criminal has means, if he can help it. EVERY CRIME HAS ITS PRICE. We are saying nothing as to the connection there is between the criminal's means and the iKfllceman's Induil- gence. We only state in explanation that it is the uni- versal opinion of those who have studied longest and most deeply into the municipal cr^ninality of this city that every crime here has its price. I am not saying that that is so, but that the more intently, any man of brains scrutinizes tliese matters the more he discovers along this line that is of an iiltensely interesting nature. I should not be surprised to know that every building in this town in which gambling or prostitution or the illicit sale of liquor is carried on has immunity secured to it by a scale of police taxation that is as care- fully graded and as thoroughly systematized as any that obtains in the assessment of personal property or real estate that is made for the purpose of meeting municipal. State or Federal expenses current. The facts do not al- ways get to the surface, but when they do they let ia a great lot of light into the subterranean mysteries of this rum-be:ottei and Tammany-debauched town. Near the beginning of the year the Grand Jury consid- ered the matter of indicting the keeper of a notorious re- sort on Fourteenth-st. (I am giving the case as it was presented in one of our most trustworthy journals, and has, I believe, not been contradicted.) There was no legal evidence at hand that would be sufficient to convict, and the District- Attorney was asked to secure some. An inno- cent imagination would have supposed that he would jump at the opportunity. The request was repeated by the Grand Jury, apparently without effect. His hesitancy may have been due to either one of two causes. He may have known so much about the establishment that he did not Uke to touch it, or he may have kno^vn so little about it that he was sceptical as to the truth of the derogatory reports that were in circulation in regard to it. Indeed the District-Attorney said to me in his own house four weeks ago that until after McGlory's establishment was raided he had no idea that institutions of so vile a charac- ter existed in this city. All we can say is that we must give the young man the benefit of the doubt. Such a case is "truly affecting. Innocence like that in so wicked a town ought not to be allowed to go abroad after dark without an escort. But to return to our narrative. THE GRAND JURORS AS DETECTIVES. Our guileless District-Attorney, with the down of un- suspecting innocence upon his blushing cheek, failed to re- spond to the demands for evidence made upon him by the Grand Jury. The jurors themselves, therefore, assumed experimentally the character of detectives, and the pro- prietor of the place was soon caught, of course, in the act of illegal selling. An indictment was then found. It re- mained to secure witnesses that would be willing to go on the stand and testify ; for while the jurors were willing to visit the place and satisfy their own minds of the ille- galitA- of what was going on there, they experienced a natural delicacy in having their names publicly asso- ciated with such a resort in the published reports of crim- inal procedure. Accordingly instructions were given to the captain of the precinct to procure the necessary evi- dence. This was followed by another touching exhibition of modesty and blushing hesitancy. The fact of it is they all stand in with each other. It is simply one solid gang of rascals, half of the gang in office and the other half out, and the two halves steadily catering to each other across the official line. The captain declared reiteratedly that evidence against McGlory was something that he could not obtain, tiU finally the Grand Jury threatened to indict the captain himself, whereupon the evidence was at once produced and McGlory con\'icted upon it. All of which is only another way of saying that the most effective allies which McGlory had in the prosecution of his vile trade on Fourteenth-st. were the District-Attorney and the cap- tain of the precinct. THE POWER OF MONEY AND FEAR. Now It may be said that this method of stating the case is injudicious ; that it is unwise too sharply to antag- onize the powers that be ; that convictions will nok be ob- tainable if we make enemies of the men who exercise poUce and judicial functions. On the contrary, there are only two kinds of argument that exercise the slightest logical urgency on the minds of that stripe of bandit,— one Is money and the other is fear. We shall gain nothing by disguising the facts. To call things by their right names Is always a direct contribution to wholesome effects. 82 LIBRARY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. A steamer can only make half-time In a fog. The first necessity of battle is to have the combatants clearly and easily distinguishable by the diversity of their uniform. We want to know what is what. Every solid statement of fact i'S argument. Every timo you deal with things as they are, and name them in honest, ringing Saxon, you have done something. It has always been trump-card in the devil's game to keep things mixed. He mixed them in Paraldise and he has been trying to keep them mixed evev since. If the powers that are managing this "town are supremely and concertedly bent on encourag- ing iniquity in order to the strengthening of their own position, and the enlargement of their own caa^ital, what in Heaven's naane is the use of disguising the fact and wrap- ping it up in ambiguous euphemi-ms? Sometliiug like u year ago, in company with a number of gentlemen, I con- ferred in his office with the highest liiunicipal dignitary of this city in regard to the slovenly and the wicked way in which he was pretending to clean our streets. In what I had to say to him at that timo I addressed him as though he were a man, and as though he had the tupreme interests of this city at heart ; and I have been aishiamed of myself from the crown of my head to the sole of my foot ever since. Saying nothing about the outrage a man commits upon himself by the consciousi folsification of faicts. it does not pay. jSTeither the devil nor any of his minions can be caught in a trap. You cian hammer him, but you can- not snare him. Cajolery only lubrioates the machinery of his iniq.uity. Petting him oils the bearings; minimizes the ©Queak and maximizes the velocity. Now this is not spoken in malice. It is not spoken without a recognition of tlie fact that there are men occupying official place in this city whose chief ambition it is to discnarge their duties incorrupbibly. Of course such exceptions a- chinery to our one invested in converting machinery. And there is no scheme in this direction too colossal for their •ambition to plan and to push. At this very time!, in re- liance upon the energies of evil that dominate thiis. city, there is being urged at Albaaiy the passage of au bill that will have it for its effect to leave the number of liquor licenses unrestricted, to forbid all attempts to obtain proof of Illicit 'aales, to legalize the sale of liquor after 1 o'clock -on Sunday afternoon, and indeed to keep oi>en ba/r 160 out of 168 hours of every week. Sin never gets tired ; never is low-spirited; has the courage of its convictions; never fritters away its power and its genius pettifogging over side issues What voluminous lessons the saints might learn from the sinners ! We speak of these things because it is our business as the pastor of a Christian church to speak of them. You know that we are not slow to Insist upon keenness of spiritual discernffient, or upon the reticent \i.gor of a life hid with Christ in God, Piety is the genius of the entire matter; but piety, v/hen it fronts sin, has got to become grit. Salt is a concrete commodity, and requires to be rubbed into the very pores of decay. I scarcely ever move into thb midst of the busier parts of this town without feeling in a pained way how little of actual touch there is [between the life of the church and the life of the times. As we saw last iSabbath morning, we must have it consciousness of God, but the truth complementary to that is that we must have just as lively a consciousness of the world we are living in. Men ought to have that, and women ought to have it too. Nobody that can read is excusable lor not knowing what is transpiring. And Chris- tians of either sex ought to know it and ought to want to know it; ought to feel that it is part of their own legiti- mate concern to know it. HERE IS THE PLACE FOR MISSIONARY WORK. We have no criticism to pass on the effort to im.prove the quality of the civilizacion in central Africa, but Ic would count more in the moral life of tlie world to liave this city, where the heart of the country beats, dominated in its life and government by the ethical prirciples in->isted on by the (xospel, thfin to liave a belt of evangelical light a hundred miles broad thrown clear across the Dark Conti- nent. And the men and women that live here are the ones to do it. It is achievable. What Cliristianity has done Christianity can do. And when it is done it is going to be done by the men and women who stand up and make a business of the thing, and quit playing with it; quit imagining that somehow we are going by some indescribable means to drift into a better state of things. Say aH you please about the might of the Holy Ghost, every step in the history of aii ameliorated civilization has cost just so much pers(yial push. You and I have something to do about it. If we have a brain, or a heart, or a purse, and sit still and let things take their course, making no sign, uttering no protest, flinging ourselves into no endeavor, the times will eventually sit in judgment upon us, and they will damn us. Christianity is here for* an object. The salt is liere for a purpose. If your Christianity is not vigorous enough to help save this country and this city, it is not vigorous enough to do any- thing toward saving you. Reality is not worn out. The truth is not knock-kneed. The incisive edge of bare-bladed righteousness will still cut. Only it lias got to be righteousness that is not afraid to stand up, move into the midst of iniquity and shake itself. The humanly incareerxted principles of this Gospel were able in airee centuries to change the moral complexion of the whole Roman Empii-e ; and there is nothing the matter with the Christianity h«ie except that the incarnations of it are lazy and cowardly, and think more of their per- sonal cohifort than they do of municipal decency, and more of their doUais than they do of a city that is governed by men who are not tricky and beastly. THE VALUE OF VIGOROUS PPwOTEST. But you ask me perhaps what is the use of all tliis asseveration and vituperation? What is the good of pro- testing? What is the good of protestmgl Do you knbw what the word Protestant means? Do you know that a Protestant is nothing but a protestant? A man who pro- tests? And did not the men who protested in the six- teenth century do a good deal? Didn't they start a vol- cano beneath the crust of the whole of European civiliza- tion? Wherever you have a Luther, a grand stick of human timber aU afire ffith holy indignation, a man of God, who is not too lymphatic to get off his Icnees, or too cowardly to come out of liis closet, confront iniquity, look it in the eye, plaster lie with its baptismal name- such a man can start a reformation and a revolu- tion every day in the year if there are enough of them to go around. Why, it makes no differ- ence how thick the darkness is, a ray of light will cut it if it is healthy ' and spry. Do you know that the newspapers had not been BoUdly at work for more than about four weeks before the dives began to close up? Why, the truth will frighten even a poUceman, if you will lodge it where David did when he fired at Goliath. Truth, with explosive enough beliind it, would scare even the captain of a pre- cinct, and chase the blushes from the callow face of the District-Attorney. We have had an example of that re- cently on a larger scale in the matter of the Louisiana lottery. The whole country was kindled into a llame of indignation, and the lottery men bowed before the storm. And, so far as the North was concerned. It was principally the doing of one man, toe, a man who had a head, heart and convictions, and a pen and lungs to back them. You see that these things do not go by arithmetic, nor by a show of hands. A man who is held in the grip of the everlasting truth and is not afmid is a young army in himself. That is exactly what the Bible means when it says that one man shall chase a thousand. That is the way history has always gone. That is what the Bible story of Sodom means and the assurance that ten men would have sufficed to save it. Not ten that were scared, but ten men that so had the courage of their con- victions and that so. appreciated the priestliness of the office to which they had been called that the multltudi- MEMOKIAL ADDRESSES AND AFTER-DINNER SPEECHES. 83 nousness of the diity crowd they stood up among neiUier dashed their confidence nor quenched their testimony. THE BUSINESS OF THE CHCTRCH. This is not bringing politics into tlie pulpit, politics as «uch. The particular political stripe of a municipal ad- ministration is no matter of our interest, and none of our business ; but to strike at iniquity is a part of the business of the Church; indeed it is the business of the Church. It is primarily what the Church is for, no matter in what connections that sin may find itself associated and inter- mixed. Tf it fall properly within the jurisdiction of this church to try to convert Third-ave. drunkards from their alcoholism, then certainly it is germane to the functions of this church to strike the sturdiest blows it is capable of at a municipal administration whose supreme mission it is to protect, foster and propagate alcoholism. If it is proper for us to go around cleaning up after the devil, it is proper for us to tight the de^^l. If it is right to cure, it Is right to prevent, and a thousand times more Economical and sagacious. If we are not as a church transcending our juri diction by attempting to convert Third-ave. prosti- tutes from their harlotry, then surely we are \vitliin the pale of our authority as a church when we antagonize and bear prophetic testimony against an administration the one necessary outcome of whose policy it is to breed prosti- tutes. Kepublicans and Democrats we have nothing to do with, but sin it is our particular province to ferret out, to publish, and in unadorned Saxon to stigmatize; and the more inHuential the position in which that sin is intrenched the more painstaking and pronounced requires to be our analysis, and the more exempt from hesitancy and euphem- ism our characterization. OBLI&ATIONS OF CHRISTIA^rS. The only object of my appeal this morning has been to sound a distinct note, and to quicken our Christian sense of the obligatory relation in which we stand toward the official and administrative criminality that is filthifying our entire municipal life, making New-Tork a .very hot- bed of knavery, debauchery and bestiality. In the atmos- phere of which, and at the corrosive touch of which, there is not a young m.an so noble, nor a young girl so pure, as not to be in a degree infected by the fetid contamination. There is no malice in this, any more than there would be if we were talking about cannibalism in the South Sea Islands; only that having to live in the midst of it, and having to pay taxes to help support it, and having nine- tenths of our Christian effort neutralized and paralyzed by the damnable pressure of it, naturally our thoughts are strained to a little snugger tension. A man always aims differently when he is firing at a target that is close by than he does when he is shooting ab something the other side of the moon. ISTow this gives the Church good, solid, concrete, objective business for it to throw itself into. It would be a very boom for Presby- terianism in this city if it were understood that Presby- terianlsm represented conspicuously and pronouncedly in- tegrity in high places and purity and temperance in ad- ministrative circles. It might retain in the Presbyterian fold some of the young i)eople that are drifting off into other denominations on the ground that Presbyterianism seems to them not to be in touch with the life of to-day, And not to be showing itself equal to the demands that the times make upon it. It might put a new spirit into the hearts of some of our clergymen, who, if they were combining their concerted energies to the task of converthig dirty New- York into a new Paradise of the Western World, would surely find less fascination in shelling for men the old cobs grown in me- diaeval cornfields. I have meant to be unprejudiced in my position and conservative in my demands, but, Christian friends, we have got to have a better world, and we have got to have a better city than this is, and men who feel iniquity keenly and who are not afraid to stand up and hammer it unflinchingly and remorselessly, and never get tired ham- mering it, are the instruments God has always used to the ■defeat of Satan and to the bringing in of a better day. The good Lord takes the fog out of our eyes, the paralysis out of our nerves, and the limp out of our muscles, and the meanness out of our praise, shows to us our duty, and re- veals to us our superb opportunity, making of every man tmd woman among us a prophet, instinct with a loving, so intense that we shall not be afraid, loving righteousness with a loyalty so impassioned that we shall feel the might •of it and trust it, and our lives become this day enlisted In the maintenance of the right, and thus show that Almighty Ood is mightier than all the ranks of Satan that challenge His claims and dispute His blessed prayers. ^J^RADE WITH THE SOUTH. SPEECHES BEFORE THE PROVIDENCE COM- MERCIAL CLUB. I. X. FORD DI5CUSSES " RECIPROCITY "—SENA- TORS AlililSOlSr AND ALDRICH DEFEND THE AMERICAN TRADE POIilCY. Providence, Feb. 27.— The monthly dinner of the Commercial Club to-night was attended by about eighty- five persons. The special guests ol the evening were Senator William B. Allison, of Iowa; Senator Nelson W. Aldricli, to whose Senatorial campaign the meeting was calculated to give an added impetus, and I. N. Ford, of Tiie New-Yorli Tribune. Other leading men in attendance were G-overnor Ladd, Lieutenant-Governor Stearns, Secretary of State George H. Utter, Speaker Adin B. Capron, D. Russell Brown, General Olney Arnold, Colonel Samuel P. Colt and Colonel John C. Wyman. The first speaker of the evening was jMt. Ford, who spoke on "Reciprocity." Mr. Ford said in part: Your cliairman has asked me to discuss the Reci- procity policy in its practical application to manufac- tures. Perhaps I cannot do better than to single out some of the special industries of Rhode Island. The question will take some sucli form as this : How can a larger market be secured in Tropical America iOr engines, machinery, cotton-prints and jewelry? In a broad way the answer will be : By the exercise of American energy and business intelligence and by the reproduction of European mercantile methods now suc- cessfully employed in Southern countries. American agricultural industries will gain the largest advantages from tiie Reciprocity conventions. This is natural and right, for the treaty concessions made to the export trade are grounded upon the free market opened lor tiie agricultural products of Tropical America. There is no serious competition from Europe in this class of products, and the gain from Recipro- city will be measured practically by increased, con- sumption caused by the cheapening of food. "When an import duty of $5 75 was levied in Cuba upon a barrel of American flour, wheat bread was a lu.Kury. Vlien tile duty is reduced to 90 cents, wheat bread wOl be eaten by all classes. In Venezuela flour is now taxed about 110 per cent. If the duties can be ma- terially reduced through Reciprocity the consumption will be largely increased. In neither country will there be any difficulty in selling flour. American mil- lers alieady understand tlie reauirements of a iiot, moist climate, and their brands are known In South- ern markets. Increased trade is secured as soon as the high revenue duties are reduced. The same re- mark applies to meats, potatoes, lard and provisions of all kinds. For general manufactures the difBculty of open- ing a new market is greatly Increased by European competition. A barrel of flour will sell itself ; a steam engine or a case of cotton prints will not. JNIanu- factures must be adapted to the requirements of the climate, the necessities and tastes of the peo- ple, and the order of civilization of races of mixed blood, or else they cannot be sold. Reductions of 25 or 50 per cent in the tariff schedules will not serve to introduce anything tliat is not wanted, especially when European merchants have been on the ground for thirty years and furnish what is wanted. Even if with the advantage of preferential tariff schiedules a superior article can be provided at an Inferior price, it must be intelligently introduced and carried in stock in wholesale houses. The real explanation of the supremacy of English, French and German man- ufactures in Southern markets lies in the fact that maritime Europe has systematically cultivated trade relations in that quarter of the world, while Ameri- cans have neglected and abandoned the field. Euro- pean agents have learned what the motley population of Brazil has required, and the manufacturers have produced what was called for. If the Portuguese traders have asked for goods of narrower width, these have been supplied, even If extensive alterations have been involved in the Manchester mills. If they have complained of prices and demanded cheaper cotton prints, the German manufacturers have sent out goods of a quality which the poorest customers at home would have been ashamed to wear. Europeans have labored persistently and successfully to make tli© 84 LIBEARY OF TRIBUNE EXTRAS. Import trade of Tropical America their own. Ameri- cans cannot Lope to wrest it from tliem, or to obtain even a fair sliare of it, without patiently devoting themselves to the business of competition with equal Intelligence and systematic effort. By the Reciprocity conventions with Brazil and tlie Spanish West Indies the schedules on American cotton goods liave been reduced 25 per cent. Tliis preferential rate offers a marked advantage over Eag- Ush and German manufactures, but unless special lines of goods of the cheapest grade are supplied for Southern trade, there will be only meagre results. The exports of American cotton goods to Brazil now amount to less than $700,000 a year, chiefly in the foi-m of coarse drilling. At the same time Europe sliips to that country cottons amounting to nearly $27,000,000, It is a trade worth competing for, but it cannot be secured without a struggle. English manufacturers do not attempt to sell cotton goods by sample or through commercial travellers. They liave in the principal coast towns wholesale houses where retail dealers can replenish their stocks. A similar system would largely increase American trade both in Brazil and in Cuba. When duties are levied on gross weight, as is ordinarily done in Spanish*- America, 20 per cent may be added to the cost of the goods from their being placed in heavy boxes. Southern merchants never Imow what American goods will cost until they have them on their counters, for they cannot forecast the blunders wliich may be made in invoicing and packing tJiem. Here comes in the great advantage of American wholesale houses established in the centres of popula- tion in tropical countries. Merchants on the ground will be familiar with all the details of customs law, interior transportation, credits and the requirements of public taste. They can carry assorted stocks and orders can be filled without costly blunders in packing. They will not antagonize the native retail merchants, but will enable them to buy American goods on the ground as they want them. A house of this kind rep- resenting a syndicate of Massachusetts manufacturers is now successfully introducing American boots and shoes in the British West Indies and is driving out Eng- lish goods. A similar series of houses properly sup- ported by the cotton manufacturers of New-England, with 25 per cent in duties in their favor, would make heavy inroads UT>on Manchester trade In the South. Manufacturers of iron and steel are favored 25 per cent in the Brazilian and 50 per cent in the Spanish convention, and in both Reciprocity agreements, as well as in those negot ated with the 15ritish West Indies and San Domingo, engines and machinery are Included In the free lists. The result in the case of Brazil wjis shown in an increase of over $1,000,000 in the impor- tations of American machinery during the first five months of Reciprocity. For the Spanish WeSt Indies since October the statistics already disclose a similar gain. Every steamer sailing from New- York for Havana or Cienfuegos has carried engines and improved macliinery for sugar works, builders' hardware, iron castings and similar manufactures. Under existing conditions of free labor and competition the economicaJ production of trop'cal staples like coffee and sugar Is dependent upon superior mechanical plant. I met In Cuba last year engineers and designers who were visit- ing sugar plantations and making estimates for im- proved machinery from the United States. This is the most practical method of securing a larger market for American engines and machinery. It ought to be ex- tended to the British West Indies, and especially to Brazil and Venezuela, where cheap Belgian boilers with tubes badly set are everywhere in use, and where Eng- lish engines and mechanism have been Introduced with- out adequate competition fr-'^ra America. The coffee Industry requires complex hydraulic and steam ma- chinery and it can be greatly improved by American Inventive talent. In Mexico all thp rolling stock on the railways, the improved agricultural implements in the fields, and the machinery in mines and smelters comes from the I'nited States : but elsewhere In Spanish America England is largely supplying the mechanical plant for railway construction, mining industry and material progress. In the heart of Central America, In the mountains of Peru, in the desert of Tarapaca and in the broad stretches of the Argentine pampas, I have met Englsh meohnnirnl engineers who had been sent out to design machinery and to make contracts on the ground for Its Introduction. This is a field where American manufacturers are Imown to excel Euro- pean rivals. Thev have only to take possession of it by sending expert talent into Southern countries. I have referred to two large classes of manufactures, which are directly favored by the Reciprocity policy. There are many other classes, such as manu- factures of leather, rubber, glass, paper and wood, which have a discrimlTiatlon of 2^ or 30 per cent In their favor In some of the conven- tions, or are on the free lists in other treaties. In the face of these preferential rates the time-worn objection that wifnout free raw materials it wlU be Impossible for Americans to compete with European manufacturers loses its force. But without reference to these discrim- inations It may be confidently asserted that at least 7& per cent, of the imi>orts of Tropical America are man- ufactures which either liave free raw materials already in the United States or have been so greatly cheapened Ln price by competition under the protective system as- to be on a level with European goods. Few of those goods which are most heavily protected in the United. States are taken from Europe at any price. Jamaica, for example, imports $1,500,000 of cotton goods and less that $140,000 of woollens, and the proportion in favor of cottons Is even larger In Brazil and Venezuela. JUankets, heavy cloths, carpets, upholstered furniture,, felts, linens and silks are Imported most sparingly. With their abundant supplies of cotton, leather, hides, rubber, fibre, wood. Iron and copper, Americans do not need to modify their tariff beford maldng a vigorous elfort to supply the Southern markets with what is needed there. It is not their tariff" which stands in their way. It is Ignorance of the requirements and conditions of Southern trade that is th© chief obstacle to the development of their export trade. Maritime energy by which a commercial marine can be brought into existence is laclung. Banking facilities have not been supplied. Mercantile ©nterpiise and intelligence have been confined almost wholly to the home market. Let me take one of j'our most conspicuous manu- facturing specialties as an illustration— manufactures of silver and jewelry of all kinds. Chili, Peru and Mexico are sliver countries, and Brazil Is rich In precious stones ; but they have no mechanical arts for the working of metals. The shops of Rio, Montevideo,. Buenos Ayres, Santiago, Valparaiso, Lima and Caracas will be ransacked in vain for samples of native manu- facturing of metal. The silversmith's art is a lost- art in countries where it was once conducted with re- finement of ingenuity. The taste of the mixed races for ornament, finery and jewelry remains, and the^ most pretentious shops In their capitals and the most attractive corners of their markets are occupied by English, German and French jewellers. 1 do not be- lieve that your Rhode Island silversmiths and jewelry manufacturers would have any difficulty in competingr for this trade If they made tlie effort to do It, They would have to Introduce cheaper and more tawdry lines of goods than they now make, but Math their improved mechanical appliances they would have great resources for competition. Senator Allison was next introduced and was most heartily greeted. He spoke of the effect of legislation on trade relations of this country. In prefacing his remarks he alluded pleasantly to his long a/iquaintance with Senator Aldrich, and to that gentleman's industry and aptness as a legislator. He also spoke of the fact that "Rhode Island in its simplicity and gen- erosity voted for me at Chicago for President of the Lnited States." He believed that recent legislation in Congress was conceived and executed with a purpose to benefit the people. Said he: "It happens in legislation that we are confronted with population scattered over 3,000,000 square miles. It is the business of the wise legislator to secure the greatest good and least h^rm. All legislation, in a sense. Is compromise legislation. In the compromises that must exist you are willing to give up a little tliat may be for your special interests in order to benefit the country at large. So we in Iowa have to accept some things that bear hard on our agricultural com- munity. The interests of people of the United States should be preferred to those of any other peo- ple. Notwithstanding all that Is said. lowans are in a reasonably prosperous condition. They may owe you some money, but they will pay it, and they do not want to pay It In a depreciated currency. "The question of raising revenue for a government is a great question. Recent legislation not only dealt with currency, but also with that larger question of raising revenue. I with Senator Aldrich spent days and nights In 1888 to devise a revenue scheme which we thought would place laborers In this country In a better position than the laborers In the same voca- tions In other countries. The result was, in 1890, the McKlnley Tariff bill, so-called. It was not a per- fect bill, but It was the best bill that Could be devised at that time to protect the labor of the people of the United States." Senator Aldrich spoke of the compliment which Ger- many had paid the protective system of America by the words of Its ?:tatpsmen nnd the acts of Its Parliament. He then went on to speak In genprnl terms of the rausps which led up to the Reciprocity legislation. He believed that this was but the beg'nninsr of a de- parture which would have great beneficial and far- reaching results. ^My'33 /^ ^ Q 'Q-'Y-l TRIBUNE EXTRAS. CERTAIN EXTRAS -AT- REDUCED PRICES. 10 CENTS EACH. CelebratioBollOOih Anniversary of Washington's In- auauraiion-Xliiis ceieoiauou ocuuneu in Wew-lo/K (Jity Aura ttO, 18b9, and was the date on wiuch the National pi^iotic Society of the Sons ol the American RevolnUou was organized, a full account of which is given in The :^- tra. The public ceremonies are given in full, and the addresses of Depew, Harrison, Cleveland, Bishop Potter and others. Eight pages of pictures, 132 pages. Two Presbyterian General Assemblies ol lb»».— Pro ceedlngs in full. 96 page*. ^ , War Ships Suuk at Samoa.— A thrilling acc9\int or the famous tornado in the Samoan Islands, in which the American Navy encountered perils equal to those of a naval battle, and won the praise of the world. Also, in- cluding the fuU story of the "Johnstown Disaster** : "A'^®^ can Girls Abroad" and their t.tled husbands; Good ' bto- rles of Hunting," */5. 104 pages. New states of the Northwest.— L. E. Q.'s charming letters about the lands, Inpan tribes, resources, &e., of the two Dakotas, Montana »id Washington. 84 pages. Short Storiest.— Pruited for summer reading. A col- lection of excellent love stories. Titles: "Blackghost," "New Zulu Bonds," "Falsely True," "Great Aunt Sarah," "A Free Will Oflering," "The Professor's Problem," "TW Flaxen Wig." &c., &c. 56 pages. American Board of Forelum Missions, 1 889.-Proceed. ines. 64 pages. Only a few copies. New Kepiibiic of Brnzil.-Letters of I. N. F., The Tribune's own correspondent, on the trade and resources of the country. 60 pages. Only a few copies. Fiffht of the Dairy Farmers^— Prepared by a Farmer to" The Tribune. An excellent account of all the systems of milk delivery In this countrr and Liondon, with sug- gestions how the farmers can " beat the Milk Delivery monopoly In la^-ee cities. 62 pages. Summer Leisure.— Something to help one enjoy dole*, far hlente in a satisfactory manner. Stories of the War; a Bfcory by "Joslah Allen's Wife" ; an article on "Young Men la the City," by Bishop Potter, and letters on "Travel In South America." by I. N. F.. of The Tribune. 100 paffes. Our Continent, or America for the Americans.- Pro- ceedings of the Pan- American Congress, out of which Mr. Blaine's reciprocity took practical shape. New let- ters from South America and Newfoundland. 96 pages. New Tariff Industries. —Showing the prompt operation of the McKlnley bill in building up American manu- factories. 84 pages. ' New Tarifl Tiaws.— The McKlnley and Administrative bills, old and new rates compared. 10 cents a copv. Current Tjiterarure.— Revle^^s of the hts^, books by Th*» Tribune's Reviewer. A fpw copies only. 86 pages. The Dead at Andersonville.— The Tribune's list of 13.000 Union pr^oners who died there, with comjwiny, regiment and cause of death. The only list ever put into print. KNITTING EXTRAS 15 CENTS EACH, No. 86. Printed In 1885. An Illustrated manual, •ontalnlng plain, practical directions for making lunbr*- qttljw, tfdlee, counterpanes, laces, edging, mats, in. nnt/T caps and sacques. etc. 60 pages. No. 90. Printed In 3886. New patterns for edg- ings, laces, Insertion, counteirpanes, caps, mantelette and Tfirlous garments, with flower and cross design for tlcty. tfS pages. Illustrated. No. 94. Printed In 188a Illu8trat«d. Directions for making more than a hundred patterns of useful and ornamental articles not included In preceding numl>er8. 68 pages. April, 1889.— Illustrated. New patterns for laces, shawls, capes, gentlemen's and other scarfs, slippers, children's garments, afghans, faf>clnators, ladles' silk stockings, caps, coats, hoods, socks, crown and shield decorations nnd other thlnes. 64 paees. May, 1890.— Illustrated. New patterns, in ereat vari- ety, but more particularly of articles for personal wear, with guipure lace, waste-paper basket and other novelties. An extremely good number. 64 pages. NEW KNITTING EXTRA. '^.5 CENTS. KnlttinK and Crncliet, Angnst. 1891. — New, Jnst out; pamphlet form, 96 pages. The handsomest and best Knitting and Crochet Extra ever Issued by The Tribune, 25 cents a copy. This Issue Is devoted to patterns for la.ce. ladles', children's and babies' gar ments, hassock and cushion covers, trimming, curtain bands, bags, mats, scarfs, tidies, handkerchiefs, etc. In addition there are republished in this work 44 pages of the charming "Home and Society'* articles from the Sunday Tribune. A delightful number. NEW EXTRAS. PRlCfcai AS STATED BEL.OW. Chautauqua in 1891,— Reports of Liectures and Enter* taimjieutb ao tne iiignteenth Annual Assembly. Voi. ill. of the Monthly JSo. y. Contains also, -Hj story of the i>ibic : Its> itouixs and. I'neir Autiio.b ; itb JLext and tue (Jause ; Tiie bcope of Modern Biblical Oriticism. Price Z5 cents per copy. Huitiing and Crochet, AugUMt, 1891.— New; 25 cents; pampiiitit iorm, \)ii pages. The handsomest and best Knit- ting and crochet ii^xtra ever issued by The Iribune. 25 cents a copy. This issue is devoted to patterns for lace, ladies', children's and babies' garments, hat^sock and cushion covers, trimming, curtain bands, bags, mats, scarfs, tidies, handkerchiefs, etc. in addition there aae republished in this work 44 pages of the charming "Home and Society'* articles from The Sunday Tribune. A delightful number. "tJitf iHHues ol An Off S^ear."— i.u. mayuiflceni tarilf and currency articles of Roswell Q. Horr in The iribune duiing uie lasb year, reprinted, with various kindred articles from The Tribune, including the wonder- full results of Reciprocity, the article on "Prices in 1890 and I89i," and a most entertaining article by Mr. Horr, de- scribing, for the information of foreign-born voters e»- pecially, on; plan of government in America. Intended for politicians, campaign speakers, Kepublican Licague olhclais and those who want a seml-ofiicial exposition of the ' publican side of Uiese great questions. Printed on g paper, in pampiiiet form, with covers, about 100 pa; '^b cents a copy, postage paid. 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Northrop of Clinton, Conn., on the snbject named. In many parts of the country, especially in the West, but indee- in the East as well, villages and cities are not always aware of th actual cash value to themselves of a handsome outward appearance of certain inexpensive improvements and of sanitary betterments Nor do they fully realize the pleasure to be derived from the formatio] of associations, which will bring the people of the place togethei irrespective of party, in friendly consultation and practical co-operatio] for the common good. Mr. Northrop tells what has been done in j large number of places, which he mentions by name, in the line o Village Improvement, and what the communities have gained by it. THE -TRIBUNE will supply the pamphlets for 5 cents a copy $3 for 100 copies, $25 for 1,000 copies. Postage and Express charge; wiU be paid by THE TRIBUNE, to any point not over 500 milei from New- York. THE TRIBUNE, Ne^A/^-York. I (T ! _ 'Hc: »-•.-, Illlllllllllllll ^' ^^^^^ 018 956 209 i