/xr^v^vI^^^^Si:s;■^^^'^/^"-^^-g^'^^^^^v--^"^'^^t;s: HUDSON 3ta l^istnrit. COUNIY, NtW JtRSEY Prnjilr, ®ra6ra. (Unmiiirrrr JufltituttnuB m\i\ Jubuatrira COMPILED BY ROBERT R STINSON EDITED BY ROBERT RIESER PUBLISHED BY HUDSON DISPATCH TOWN OF UNION NEW JERSEY Jntrniiitrtnrij ^^♦(♦(tRE tlian tiftccn miles of waterfruiU huiiiiiiing- with iiulusliy aii the tract known as Hopogahn-Hackingh, now Hoboken, and all of Staten Island. He later took possession of "Ahasimus and Aressick," including the whole neighbor- hood of "Paulus Hoeck" or Jersey City, to which Paauw gave the name of Pavonia. It was a wise selection on the part of Paauw, for the Indians used it as a vantage point frdni which to ^h\\) their peltries directly across the River to Fort Amsterdam. The territory was so desirable, in fact, that its acquisition gave rise to much jealousy. In December, 1633 Paauw was sum- moned to appear before the Assembly of the XIX and was finally forced to sell his property to the company for 2(:-iOO florin >. Almost all of Hudson C'ounty was originally included in Bergen Town- ship, embracing all the territory lying between the Hudson River on the east, the Hackensack River and Newark Bay on the west, the Kill von Kull Creek on the south and what is now the north boundary line of Hudson County on the north. This territory was the scene of several Indian massacres. It bore the brunt of the retaliation of the Indians for William Kieft's weak and out- rageous attempt to drive the savages out of the New X^'etherlands because of their refusal to pay a tax consisting of wampum, maize and furs. Kieft was the third director-general of the New Netherlands employed by the \\'est India Company. Under his orders a squad of soldiers led by a .sergeant rounded the southerly point of Paulus Hoeck, landed near the mouth of Mill Creek and crept up on the Indians wh(5 had no reason to believe that the Dutchmen were other than their friends and protectors from the more warlike tribes to the north. The slaughter which prevailed that night was little short of fiendish. lughty Indians, including squaws and papooses, were murdered in cold blood. The x'engeance of the Indians was no less terrible. In 1643 all of Pavonia was laid waste, every house burned with the exception of the brew-house in Hoboken. and every bouwerie and plantation destroyed. We read that on October i. 1643. '^ band of Indians burned the house of Jacon .Stoffelsen, near what is now the corner of Hen- derson and Third streets, Jersey City, and killed the squad of soldiers guard- ing the house. Aert Tunissen of Hoboken, out on a trading excursi(^n, was killed near Sandv Hook and his farm afterwards laid waste and his cattle killed. So complete was the work of devastation that the whole of what is now New Jersey was restored to its aborigines. It was not until the treaty of 1645 between the Indians and the Dutch ga.\-e some assurances of safety, that a few of the old colonists could be induced to return to their l)Ouweries in Hudson County. In 1647, vvhile Petrus Stuvvesant was director-general (.if the New Neth- erlands, the Indian troubles broke out afresh. The injustice of the Kieft massacre still rankled in the breasts of the savages in spite of Stuyvesant's humane and conciliatory policy toward them. An Indian girl shot by Hen- drick Van Dyck, while she was stealing fruit from his orchard near F'orl Amsterdam served as an excuse for the outbreaic of a revolt on September 15, 1647. Five hundred warriors in sixty-four canoes, landed at X^ew Amster- dam, wounded \'an Dyck, killed his neighbor, \"andegrist, and were repulsed by the guard. They crossed the river and again dcvasted Bergen Township and its adjoining precincts. All cattle was killed, all houses burned and every man who did not seek safety in flight killed, with the exception of Michael Jansen at Communipaw. This work done, the savages devasted Staten Isl.ind. First Settler in Hudson County. I'lic first houses erected on the west side of the Hudson were two huts built at Pavonia in 1633 under the direction of Wouter \'an Turilles, then director-general of the New Netherlands. Comnumipaw, adjoining Jersey Citv was one of the earliest settlements in Jersey. As nearly as can be ascer- tained from the imperfect annals of the lime the first settler was Jan Rvert- sen liout. who came across the river in 1634 as the agent of Michael Paauw. When tiie latter was forced to sell his land to the Dutch West India Com- pany in 1638, Bout bought his farm, including all the upland between Com- munipaw creek on the snutli and the meadow on the north. Up to 1643 "" settlement had been made north of Hoboken. At this place a farm house and a l)rew house had been built and Ixiuwerie cleared and planted by Aert Tunissen \'an Putten. At Ahasimus lived Jacoli Stoffelsen. who had married the widow of Cornelius \'an \'orst, and was thus the head of the Van Vorst family. Abraham Isaacsen Plauck and his tenants, Gerrit Dirckson Blauw, Claes Tansen \'an Purmerendt, and Cornelius Arissen, Egbert \\'outersen and his family lived at Jan DeLaecher's Hoeck or Mill Creek Point. Dirck Streat- maker lix'ed on the rear of the bluff immediately in the rear of Caven Point, just where the Central Railroad crosses the Morris Canal. The peninsula of Paulus Hook, on which Jersey City is now situated, belonged from a remote period to the \'an \'orst family. In 1804 it was \ested in Cornelius Van Vorst. According to George Scott's liook. "The Model of the Government of New lersev," published 1)} him in 1785. there were several plantations on the Hackensack River. Also "near the mouth of the bay, upon the side of ( )verpeck Creek, adjoining to Hackensack River." says Scott, "several of the rich valleys were settled bv the Dutch : and near Snake Hill is a fine planta- tion owned by Pinhorne and Eickbe. for half of which I'inhorne is said to have paid five-hundred pounds." The first definite community in the territory now comprising Hudson Countv was established at Bergen \"illage or what is now Jersey City Heights. After the peace pact entered into between the Dutch and the Indians on Januarv 2Z. 1658, several of the old settlers who had been driven from their homes in Jersey, petitioned the director-general and the council for an ex- emption of taxes for a certain length of time so that they might restore their old farms. The exemption was granted for six \ears but the director-general and the council preferred that the people congregate in one village for ])nr- poses of protection. This is the origin of the formation of Bergen X'illage. the exact date of which is unknown. The jilace was merely described then as behind "Gemoenepaen." There was a small clearing about where Mont- gomery Street crosses Bergen Avenue wiiich pnibabl}- had l)een made by the Indians and was known then as the "Indian Cornfields" or "Maize Land." and after the village was established as "The ( )ld Maize Land." It is ))robable that the position was selected, the village surveyed, laid out and given a name between August i6th and some time in November, 1660. Bergen X'illage evolved from a cluster of log huts 800 feet square and surrounded b\- ? Palisade. It grew rapidly, and in one year it had become of sufficient im- portance to merit a local government. Up to 1661 the Court of Burgomasters and Schepens in New Amsterdam had since its organization in 1652 exer- cised legal jurisdiction on the west side of the river. Thereafter matters in controversy in Jersey were to be decided by a local court, subject to the right of appeal to the director-general and council. On August 4, 1661. Tielman \'an Meek was appointed sheriff", or "scIkjuI" of Bergen X'illagc — on the same day Director-( Jeneral Petrus Stuyve-^ant granted a charter to the village. Thus was established the first municipal government and the first court in New Jersey. A> all f;miiliar with tlie eail\ history of North America recall. Xcw Nethei-la.nds was captureil by ihc Miii;iish in if)64 withum oppusition. On fulv 29. K)7.^ ihc 1 )utch reca]iture(l il without hlmnlshed. On February 9. 1674, a peace treatv was drawn up between the twn countries giving England ])OSsessi()n of New Netherlands. I'hilip Carteret, who had been made gov- ernor of New jersey during the first I'lnglish occupation of the New Neth- erlands, was restored to that post. Lnuler ( loxernor L'arteret. Bergen was made the capital of fiast Jersey-, and the asscmbK' or legislative body met regularl}- each year in various cities. In 1714 Robert Hunter, then (io\ernor of New Jerse\' granted Bergen a new charter making it a body corporate. The count\' of Hudson did not come into existence officially until I-'eb- ruar\- jo, 1840, when the legislature passed an act to this effect. The first term of the county court was held in Lyceum Hall, on (irand street, Jersey I'itv. April 14, i!^4(-i. with the lion. Chief Justice lloi-nblower presiding. His associates c.ju the bench were Cornelius \'an W inkle. Henry .Southmayd. .Stephen (iarretson and George C. De Iva\-. The courts were held in Lyceum Hall until March it, 1845. when the new court house in ISergen was dedicated. On Ma\' i,^. 1840. the Chosen Board of Freehohlers of Hu' troops. (hi |ul\ IJ, the patriot cannons at Pauliis llocck opened the lirst tire on the luiglish fleet collected in the harbor. ( )n .September 13th. when the British captured .\ew York, a coincident attack \v;is made upon the [jost at I'aulus Hoeck with less sttccess. During this time Washington, then headquartered at Harlaem, wouhl occasit)nallv slip over to the Jersey shore and in company with (ieneral Greene, who had succeeded General Mercer in command im the Jersey shore, reconnoitre as far as I'aulus Hoeck. ( )n .Septemlier 23, 177'). the I'ritish took Paulus Hoeck, the .\mericans falling back to Bergen. ( )utposts remained at this place, Hoboken. Bull's Ferry and Hackensack until Novemljer 20. 1776, wdien Fort Lee, ha\ing been evacuated, the Continental troops here followed Washington to the Hackensack and thence to the Delaware, leaving east Jersey in possession of the British. It was in the vicinity of Hackensack in 177(1 ^'I'^t t'olonel .\aron Burr first attracted attention by his 1)ra\erv. Another notable engagement of the l\e\olutic:)nar\' \\ ar which occurred in lluilson Comity was fought with moi"e humiliating results. This was the attack on Block House Point, located on the Palisades directl}- opposite iMghtieth street. New York Cit\ . Here a handful of woodchoppers who were engaged in cutting wood for the l^^nglisii army across the river, repulsed a force of colonial soldiers twenty-five times as large, under General Wayne, the hero of .Ston\- Point. Hudson County in the Civil War. Patriiitic li'dinj;- ran hit;-h in ilir n.inii) at the miiliixak of the civil war. Banks and individuals ni nican^ \ ird in liicir efforts ti > advance money for the needs oi the L'nion. I lie Mt-clianics and d'raders I'.ank of Jersey City l)ledged itself for $.'5,000; the l)aid< of Jersey City $10,000 and the lloboken City Hank $11,000. The .Misses Sophia and F.s'ther Stevens placed $i.ono each at the i;o\ ornnicnt's disposal .\'or was tile counl\ l)ehind hand in answering ('resident Lincoln's call for troops. One of tlic lirst re.ninicnts t.> lie mustered in was the Second of Xew lersev, raised entirely in llnd-on Coinux. This reijiment was raised and ec|uipi)ed liy a war connnitlce of li\e. headt'd hy .Major Cornelius Van \'orst of |erse\- t'it\. John (irifliths and Benjamin (i. Clarke, niemhers of the committee, made tiiemsehes personally lialde for the debt of $30,000 incurred in uniforming- the regiment. The debt was later met by the citizens of the countN. The Second Rcgimeut served nine months and was mustered out of service. Hudson County also contributed a comically or two to the First, Fifth, Ninlli, Tenth. I'.lesenth. Thirteenth, Twenty-first, .•mil Thirty- third regiment-- of .\e\v Jersey, all of which saw active service in the war. Hexamer's Battery, fsuown as Matter) A. Captain W'illi.am lle.xamer. was recruited in Hol)oken. It participated in the liatile of West Point, Va., Mechanicsville, Chantilly, .\ntietam .and other meinor;dile eng;igenients. Tt was comijosed largely of (iermans. Educational Interests of Hudson County. In the educational spliere 1 Unison County boasts one institution which ranks second, if not first, in its line in the country. This is the Stevens In- stittite of Technology, in Hoboken, which was founded by the late Edwin .\. .'-^teveiis. The institute teaches mechanical and electrical engineering. Con- nected with it is the Stevens Preparatory School. C)ther institutions of prominence are the Hoboken .\cademy, organized in i860, HaslM-ouck Institute, now part of the public school system in Jersey City, St. Peter's L'ollege, excellent high schools an>c w h" agreed li> put up liuildings al»'\e a certain value. In other cases the jiurchase [jrice of a lut was reduced if the l)uyer hegan the erection of a building worth $500 or o\ er w ithin one year after the purchase. .\n effort was made to get Roliert h'ulton to transfer his shipyard in the town. This effort was successful hy i"eason of an offer of one block of land fcjr Siooo. payable in fi\-e years without interest. Here he made his first attempt to introduce the use of steam power into ferr}- antl other vehicles. CWRTERET CLUB HOUSE. lEKSEV Cn"^•. X. J. The associates hail shade trees planted in the streets, reserved land for a shipyard, for churches, a school and a ijublic market, and to encourage the increase of the sttpply of pure water, contributed toward the cost of digging wells. In 1805 they negotiated for the erection of a hotel which was after- w-ards known as the Hudson House and now forms part of Colgate's soap !actor\'. Jersey City Incorporated. iJul in spite ol all these inducements the colon\ did not pros|)er an PORTION OF STEVENS LAMl'US war. In 1778 some of the Light Horse of Washington's army raided the place and carried ofT a great number of cattle, and in .\ugust, 1780, it was completely laid waste and all the buildings burned, except a small one near the ferry, by a party of Americans. Hoboken came near seeing the capture of Benedict Arnold, for "Light Horse Harry" Lee, with three dragoons and three led horses, waited there many hours one autumn night in 1780, hoping that Sergeant John Champe would succeed in his bold plan of kidnapping the traitor in New York, and bringing him across the river, but owing to a sudden change of Arnold's headquarters the plan miscarried. As he had taken up arms against his country, Bayard's Hoboken estate was confiscated by the State of New Jersey, and at the close of the Revolution was ordered to be sold at public auction. Hearing of the proposed sale. General von Steuben, who did so much to drill the Revolutionary Army into shape and make it an effective fighting machine, wrote to Governor \\'illiani 21 Livingston, of New Jersey, and asked if lie might not buy the estate before it was auctioned ofT. for he had evidently taken a great fancv to it. In reply Livingston wrote him that, although he " scarcely knew a gentleman on the whole Continent whom our Assembly would take a greater pleasure in oblig- ing than Baron Steuben," yet the Assembly could not. without passing a new special law in his favor, withdraw the estate from public sale, and that this would establish a bad precedent and give rise to much jealousw Baron .Steuben's only course, then, would be to bu}- the propertv at the auction through an agent, if unable to attend himself. Governor Livingston then added this piece of friendly advice, which will be appreciated by all summer sojourners in Hfibnken : " But if you never were on the spot yourself in the months of julv. August and September, and I thought myself at liberty to obtrur never did I set foot on a place where that troublesome and venomous little \(ilatile. during those months, swarmed in greater abundance." In General von Steuben's answer to this epistle, he seems to feel hurt at the refusal of his request, and perhajis at the rather trifling tone of the Governor's letter, and, at any rate, he withdraws his ap])licatioii and appears to have made no further attempt to acquire Holmken, Purchased by Colonel John Stevens. The auction sale was held on March i6, 1784, and the ISayard e--tate was bought bv Colonel John Stevens for about $90,000. Colonel Stevens was born in 1749 and belonged to a family already distinguished in New Jersey. His grandfather had come to New York in the early part of the eighteenth century as a law officer of the Crown and had afterwards resided in Perth Ambov, at one time the leading town of East Jersey. His father became vice-president of the Council of New Jersey, president of the Council of East Jersey Properties, president of the New Jersey State Convention which ratified "the Constitution of the United States, and held various other positions of honor and dignitv, and he married Elizabeth Alexander, a sister of William Alexander, who laid claim to the Earldom of Sterling and was a fanniu< general in the Revolutionary Arm}-. Colonel John him.self was an officer in the same army, and was also treasurer of the State of New Jersey during the greater ])art of the war. The engineering achievements of Colonel John .Stevens and his son' iia\e been so often recounted that it is not necessary to enlarge upon tlnem here. Hoboken As a Pleasure Resort. .\s many as twent}' thousand people from New York would cross the ferry in a single day to spend a few hours on the Green, along the River Walk, and in the lilysian Fields. There were delightful occupations and entertain- ments for all ages and classes. Among the popular attractions were "aeria! ways," a circular railway, and a primitive form of Ferris wheel. Refresh- ments of all kinds were to be had at the "76 House," near the ferr\% (part of which was the only one of Colonel Bayard's buildings left after the confla- gration of 1780), at the "Colonade," a pavilion erected by Colonel Ste\-ens in the Elysian Fields in 1830, and at many other places. The visitor, on arriving by the ferry, would be landed at the foot of a little hill, on which stood the " 76 House," a little to the south of what is now ass. 5 ■ " I- ... KEUFFEL & ESSER COMPANY. HOBOKEN. N. ]. Newark street, between Hudson and ^^'ashington streets. North of the "76 House" was the beautiful lawn known as " The Green," which sloped from Washington street down to the river and was bounded on the north by First street. Here the visitor might spend his hours enjoying the pleasant scene or indulging in some of the many amusements which were all around for his entertainment, but if he desired to find a quieter spot or e.xplore the natural beauties of the place, there w^as a path, lined with fine old elms, which led toward Castle Point and then turned off to the shore, where it ran between the cliff's and the river's edge, and was known as the River Walk. Until north of the Point, it led into the Elysian Fields, where tall trees stood in a fine, park-like expanse which extended from the present location of Tenth street to the Cove at Fifteenth street, and from Willow avenue to the river. In the earlv part of the nineteenth century this part of Hoboken was known by llie less classical name of '' Turtle Crnve." for here the epicurean ineml)ers of the "Hoboken Turtle Clul)" assembled to enjoy their succulent dinners. Tust north of the spot v/here Castle Point projects farthest into the river is a hollow in the cliff, called Sybil's Cave, in which is a spring of water and which was one of the most popular resorts. This place gained great notoriety at the time of the mysterious death of Mary Rogers, the " beautiful cigar girl," .vhosc !)M(lv was found in the river near by. She had left her home in New York, where she was widely known and greatly admired, on a Sunday morn- ing and was not seen again by her family until her body was found days afterwards. The mystery of her murder, which caused the greatest sensation of the dav. was never completely solved, but her fate led Edgar Allan Poe to write the story of "The Mystery of Marie Roget," in which all the circumstances of Mary Rogers" death are minutely recounted, with the exception that the scenes a.re laid in i'ai-is instead of in New York and Hoboken. and the case is analyzed with ,1 mastery unecjualed by any of tlie modern writers of detective stories. A Proposed Public Park. Colonel Stevens did all in his piiwer to preserve the natural beauty of Hoboken and to add to its attractiveness, but he realized that with its near- ness to New York and its convenience for commerce, the inroads of business would, sooner or later, destroy its charms, unless the place could be reserved ^^^^^ «i-**^i «Ali m ^m 1 B^ imm n?^ m 4 H Wf'^ 1 5* ^ ^ 5f m ^rflfttSr'^i flSRl^a' il^iUl 1 ^^m uppm ■SSfeKSC- *n » 1 r HUUSUX COU.XTV l'.\KK, 1 H U'.i JKH.X. X. J. as a ])ublic park. He tlierefore drew up a scheme by which the City of New \'(irk was to acquire the shore front of Hoboken as" well as the ferry. It is diiubtful if this plan was published at the time. hwt. it is of interest in giving an insight in the character and amazing foresight of Colonel Ste\ens. Suggested as a Part of Nev/ York City. lie proposed that a number of paxilions should l)e erected, and that " every effort should he resorted to, to render them the most finished speci- mens of architectural beauty and elegance." He thought that nothing could iiave a more powerful tendency to ele\ate the mass of the people than the free intercourse of all classes amid such beautiful surroundings. He believed that the revenue from the ferries would increase enormously with the growth of New York, and make their acquisition a most profitable one for the city. -'4 In case, however, the rMrijoratimi of New York is iinahle to supi)l\- the requisite capital at cmce, lie said that "two gentlemen of iindoulMed credit" (John Jacob Astor and Dr. David llosack) offer to finance the scheme. And he himself was willint;- to " sujjerintend g-ratis all operations necessarv for carryin^i' the C(intemi)lated iniprux enients into eftect." A Scheme Which Almost Altered Our History. ( )ne niiire instance of Colonel John Ste\ens"s far-sighted genius must be cited: He drew up a |iroject for an elevated railway, to start from the Battery in New York. pa--s up (Ireenwich or AX'ashington street until opposite Holio- ken, when it was to turn and crciss the lludsnn ri\er to lliibuken, and cuntiinie over Bergen Hill to Little Falls on the Passaic river. Another account of ".his project says that the railway was to go all the wav to Philadelphia and Washington. The Hudson ri\er bridge was to carry passengers and teams, as well as the railway, and was to serve also as an aqueduct to convey pure Jerse_\' v,ater to New ^'llrk. Development of the F~erry. A history (if Hoboken can scarcely be completely disassociated from the name nf .Stexens — to this family the city owes much. It was here on this ferr_\- in 1811, that John Stevens ran the first steam ferryboat, the Julianna, his o\vn invention, and the first steam ferryboat in the world. In Hl'int's Strangers' Ciuide to New York, 1817, we find this notice: TO HOBOKEN, "A steam ferry boat sails from the b'lttnm nf Murrax' street e\ erv half hour from sunrise to sunset, hare i shilling. '"Carriages from $1.00 to $1.50. '"A sail boat for the same place starts fmm the bdttom of Sprine Street Fare 12J2C. It is interesting to know that for some time these boats were run b}' the clock in the steeple of St. Paul's Church. In those days the ferry landing- was at \'esey street. In 1817 it was mo\-ed to IMurrav street, and in 1818 to Barclay street, its present site. John Stevens died in 1838 and was succeeded by his son, Robert L. Stevens, who was considered one of the greatest American engineers of his day. He not only built machinery for steamboats, Ijut modeled their hulls as well, and he succeeded in attaining unheard of speeds with them. He did not confine his attention to steamboats alone, but was most successful as a designer of yachts, and his masterpiece, the Maria, launched in 1843, at Hoboke'-,, was the fastest sailing craft afloat and could more than hold her own with most of the steam vessels oi her time. A Resort for Notable New Yorkers. John Jacol) .Vstnr. known as the richest American of his time, became a resident of Hoboken. taking up his abode in the Astor Villa, a building which still stands (though greatly altered) on the southwest corner of Washington and Second streets. He mingled freely vv'ith the throngs of pleasure seekers ,vho frequented the "Green" and " River ^^'alk." William Cullen Bryant referred to this "River Walk" as one of the most beautiful in America. Here, too, came Madam Jumel, a noted figure of the early history of New York. Fitz-(jreene Malleck, the poet and wit, also spent much ni his time here. \\'ashington Irving and Martin \'an Buren. 25 too, often crossed on the ferry to visit their friend. Astor. at his palatial mansion on the " Green." The millionaire and his literary friend were often seen driving or walking in Hoboken, and they were both very popular in a score of Dutch homesteads about town. Not only to Halleck, Irving and Bryant ha\e the woods of Castle Point and the Elysian Fields furnished inspiration; but many of the actors and authors familiar to Old New York, could be seen dailv strolling along the river bank or in the syhan solitudes of Hi.'bnken's forest glades. The March of Commerce. But the perfection of the steam ferryboat, and the advent oi the steamship decided the future of Hoboken and slowly but surely its rural beauties disap- peared before the march of commerce. All that remains to us now of its former Ijeauty are the present grounds at Castle Point, most of which have been recentl}- acquired by Ste\'ens Institute and thus fortunately preserved to the generations of the future. < )n the "River Walk" if one cares to in- vestigate Sybil's Cave may still be seen, but access to it can be gained only by courtesy of the proprietor of the cafe which is built at the foot of the bluff — as the cave itself is entirely hidden by the Ituilding. It is used as a sort of wine cellar at present. ( )n Bloomfield street, between Eleventh and Twelfth in the plot of ground owned by Mr. F. (i. Himpler, one may still see several large trees, the last of the wooded splendor of the Elysian Fields : "The picturesque village" on the banks of the Hudson opposite New York has given way to the "Mile Square Cit_\" that shelters 76,000 people of every known race and creed, and whose occu]jations are more diversified than in any city of America. 'Jlie shore-front along which Hudson coasted in his little Half Moon three hundred and two vears ago, and which later witnessed the development of the steamboat, and still later, the speed contests between many of America's fleetest sailing yachts, is now the docking place for some of the largest steam- ships afloat — here, too. a large proportion of the merchandise which enters and leaves the port of New York is handled — while the great tide of travel ebbs and flows unceasingly. Our city is rich in memory anil tradition from Henry Hudson down, and it is associated closeh with the beginning and development of so much that has made America what it is to-day — the steamboat, the railroad, the iron- clad warship and the fleet pleasure yacht: such a cit}- should command a place in the affection of every inhabitant. Outline of Events. No less interesting is the history of the city's rapid growth in population and industries — though nothing more than a brief outline can be attempted here. Hoboken's existence as an incorporated city began on March 28, 1855; ^^ that time the population numbering 6,727 ; we celebrated our semi-centennial in 1905 with 65,468 population. After its creation as a city the events of importance might be set in order as follows — in 1855 the first stage route was established; in 1857 the first water mains were laid ; in 1858 School No. i w-as opened. The first vear of the Civil War saw horse cars on Washington street. In 1862 Number 2 School was opened; in 1863 came the construction of the Erie Railroad, and the riots in connection therewith. The Haml)urg-American Line was also established here in the same year. In 1865 the establishment 26 of the First Natitinal Bank — in the early seventies, the opening of School No. 3, and Stevens Institute — in the late seventies, the improvement of Hudson and Church S(|uarcs and the building of Xumher 4 School. In the eighties the ele\ator lift and elevated road were built to the Hill; the city fathers moved into the new City llall; then came the construction of the West Shore Railroad along the Hillside, the ojiening of the 14th Street Ferry, the organization of the .Second National P>;ink, and the o])ening of School No. 5. In the }ears between 1890 and 1000 we note the organization of the Hudson Trust, the building of School No. (,, the organization of the paid Fire Department, the construction of thr Hudson County Boulevard, the horse cars superseded ljy the trolley. No. 7 School dedicated, the Trust Com- pany f)f N. J. formed and the elevator lift at 19th street put in operation. The years from 1900 to the present time are marked by the establishment of the Hudson Trust, the inception of the Board of Trade, opening of School No. 8, the formation of the Jefferson Trust Co.. the completion of School No. 9, the o]5ening of the Hudson Tunnels, the completion of the new ferry terminal and Lackawanna Station, the Hudson Fulton Celebration and the opening of the new High School, and but recently the completion of new .School No. I and the organization of the Columbia and Steneck Trust Com- panies and the erection of the Factory Terminal loft building, the tirst of a series of terminal factor}- buildings to be constructed in units and which when com])leted will enable the city of Hoboken to offer industrial adx'antages unequalled anywhere in the country. ^7 laijnmir -^^ AY( )XXI*-. originally itart of Bergon Township, was made an indepen- 4|a dent numicipality by legislative enactment in 1857. Messrs. A. D. '^^ Mellick, Jacob A. \'an Horn, Jacob M. A'reeland, Hartman \"reeland and b'gbert Wauters were appointed to serve on the first cotiimission to survey and lay out streets and avenues. Then Bayonne occupied a strip of land extending from 30th Street to 38th Street and from New York Bay to Newark Bay. It was first designated as the Township of Bayonne. The name Bayonne was taken from the French city of the same name and was tmquestional)l_\- selected because of the situation nf the new munici- pality between two bays. For a considerable period of its liistor_\- Bayonne had to contend with .'^erious obstacles in the building up of its population. Up to the beginning of the Civil W'ar in 1861, it is doubtful whether there were more than four or five hundred people residing there. In 1870 the population was 3.834; in 1880, 9.372 ; in \i 13.006; in 1090, 19.033; HI 1900, 32.72J; ni 1905. 42.000; and 1910, 55,345. Even today Bayonne has not come into the full prosperity or populati\'e strength justified b}- her enviable natural advantages. The real growth of the city dates back to 1869 when it was chartered. On \'an Boskerck's Point, a strip of rolling land of sandy character with marshes intervening which jutted into New York Bay to the north of Con- stable Hook, was built the first house in Bayonne. It was the home of one branch of the \'an Boskerck famih- "who. generation after generation, tilled the soil as farmers, assisted by slave labor, and marketed their surplus pro- ducts at the growing city of New York." They made the trip in what was known as a "pieranza," a t_\i)e of boat somewhat similar to a schooner without jib or topsails. The old homestead remained in the \'an Boskerck famil\' until it and the land surrounding was purchased by the Standard Oil Company. Constable Hook, at the mouth of the Kill von Kull, and lying opposite New Brighton, S. I., was granted to Jacolison Roy. a gunner of Fort Amster- dam. It derived its name from the fact that Konstable was the title for gunner and Hocke meant Point — hence Constable Hook, or Gunner's Point. It contained about 300 acres and has since grown to be the nucleus of a thriving' cluster of oil and other industries. Roy received a patent for the lands in March, 1646, and in 1654 patents were issued for lands between (iemonepas and the Kilvankol. Within this grant was Pamrajio, then called Pcmrepogh. now a portion of the Third ward of Bavonne. Early Growth Retarded. As one monograph on the founding of Ba_\'onne says, "The early growth of the settlement" was much retarded by the unfriendly attitude of the In- dians who had liecn incensed l)y the treatment they had received from the Dutch at New Amsterdam. ■L|^ JU^. ^ ^!i f .j/^ - mJtm atmktSk _ . -^-' "Tin.- liarlKirniis attacks iipnii the isolated farm liDUses scattered over this territory cumijelled the inhabitants to fl_\- for shelter to New Amsterdam, and their houses were burned and cattle driven oflf. For a number of years it was unsafe for them to return to their farms and rebuild — after the troul)les with the Indians had subsided, this section of the country became again inhabitated by the farm owners and by others who came with tluni. until clusters of houses, l)uilt near each other for mutual i)rciiection, fMvmeil tliem- selves into \-illages or hamlets, (iradually the Indian disaiii)eareil from this localilw withdrawing to the interior where he could not be molested b_\- the intrusi\e white. The forests were cleared and as farms were extended the population increased.'" Again in the "Cholera year" in the early 30's the populati.m was deci- mated. The contagion in this locality was explained by some as the result of the throwing overboard from ])lague stricken ships in tin- harbor, bedding or other articles which were carried into ihe shore l:i\- the tide. Bavonne was divided into four settlements, at this time, one at Bergen I'oint near the Staten Island ferry which was at fii"st propelled by horse power; another and possiblv the oldest settlement, at Constable Hook where about li\e or six families clustered: the third at Centreville where a numlier of houses were grouped around the country store, located near wdnat is now the corner of 22nd street and .\venue D or Broadway; and the fourth at Pamre])Ough. One of the features of the settlement at Constable Hook was the old tidal mill located on a tidal creek near the present site of the Oxford Copper Company's W'orks. Here w'ere ground the wheat, rye and buckwheat of the farms of Bergen Neck and Staten Island. It was known as Terhune's Mill. The first factory to be erected in this district was the Bergen Point Copper Company. i)rior to 1848 — "now." as due historian savs, "The whole Hook is covered with the tanks and stills of the Standard Oil Company." On Constable Hook in the earl}- days were gathered the farms of the \'reelands, \'a.n Buskirks and Terhunes. The earliest inhabitants subsisted at first In trading with the Indian-;, farming where lands could be easily cleared, and fishing and oystering- As the timber land was graduallv cleared awav agriculture became the staple industrv. the commons, or common land being turned over to the residents for cattle grazing purposes. Bayonne During the Revolution and the Civil War Periods. When -\dmiral Howe's fleet came to anchor oii:' the month of the Kill von Kull in the Revolution. Bayonne. or that district which is now Bayonne. liecame a stragetic point in the movements of the Colonial troops. General Mercer, fearing an attack from Staten Island, where the British troops had been landed from the warshijjs, placed a guard of 50Q men at Bergen Neck <cy t'ity was a stage coach. The Bergen Road was laid in 1796. A steanilioat line, running to Newark was established about 1S40. l.alcr on other boats were run to Elizabethport, Perth .\mboy and .South Amboy. Before the construction of the Central Railroad from Elizabeth to Jersey City, a ferry was operated from Elizabethport to New York, affording the residents of the Bergen Point section comparati\ely quick transportation to New York. Until the construction of tlie "Dummy Railroad" b\- the Jersey City and Bergen Railroad Company, about i860, the only means of conveyance from Centreville to Jersey City was a local stage route established b}- Jacob Merseles and afterwards operated by George Anderson. The starting jioint of this route was the Mansion House, corner of the Hook Road and the I'lankroad. liayonne in the early days was a summer resort of some popularity. Ilere fashionable New Yorkers spent their week-ends and the Mansion House had its fill of i)atrons over Saturday night and Stmday. In i860 the Jersey City and Bergen Railroad began its operations. The original line ran from the Jersey City Ferry to Bergen Hill but branches to Pavonia Ferry and Bergen Point were added later. The cars used on this lolid were combination steam cars and locomotives. A train consisted of but one car, the forward part occupied by the steam engine and the rear part by *^he passenger compartment. 30 Ilaydunc enjoyctl its first real transportation facilities, however, with the l)uilding of the Central Railroad of New Jersey which first ran between Bayonne and Elizal)eth and other towns to the west. Now three railroad sy.stems, connecting Bayonne with every part of the country, operate within the limits of the city. I'hese are the New Jersey Central, the Pennsylvania and the I.cliigh X'allev. Another important link in the connection of P>ayonne with its neighhor- nig municipalities was the erection of the i)ri(lge between Bayonne and Eliza- hethj)ort across Newark Bay. The wurk was begun in i8fii and finished in 1865 and cost $327,653. Today Bayonne's industries include the plants of the Standard Oil Com- l)any, the Tidewater Oil Company, Pacific Coast Borax Company, the Oxford Copper Com])any. the (ieneral Chemical Company, Babcock & Wilcox Co., Safet}- Insulated Wire and Cal)le Company, Reding Bayonne Steel Casting ('ompan}-, Electric Launch Company and many other concerns whose names are known all over the country, together with scores of smaller manufacturing concerns. Nor is Bayonne lacking in the lianking facilities to meet the exacting demands of its industries. The banking institutions are well scattered so as to supply the needs of the various districts. The Mechanics Trust Compan}- and the Bayonne Trust Company are located at the southerly or Bergen Point end; the First National Bank, in the upper part of tlie cit}- at the corner of Thirty-third street and Broadway where it is comenient to the chief resi- dential section, and the City Bank, in tlie central district at Twenty-second street and Broadwav. 3i J^orth iHuiiHmi «f> ISTCJRY always has its interesting side and sidelights. North Hudson IfH has manv pleasing things to mark its onward march since that da\' i when Henry Hudson's Half Moon anchored in the cove just below the projecting elevation of King's woods and nijrth of Hoboken. North Hudson's histor\' j)roperh' begins with the advent of the Half Moon in Wee- hawken Co\e, ancl with the townshiii begins in the proper way the story of the growth and development of the northern end r.f the county. Weehawken. \\ eehawken. known \"ariousl\ as W hehocken. \\ eehawk and W eehauk won a place in history as a famous duelling ground in which men of national fame took part. Halleck, the ]>oet, gave the town a place in literature when he sang of its beauties in the following language. "W eehawken. in tliy mountain scenery _\et, ,\ll we adore of nature, in her wild And frolic hour of infanc} is met; .\nd ne\er has a suninier morn --nnlcd upon a holier scene. Tall spire and glittering roof and battlement. .\nd banners floating in the summer air. .\nd white sails o'er the calm blue waters bend (ireen isle and circling shore are blended there. In wild reality. When life i^ old .\nil many a scene forgot, the heain will In 'Id lis memory of thee." It was its duelling ground on the water front that ga\e to W eehawken an inien\ia.ble fame long before it became a town nf itself, and it was in Wee- hawken co\'e, just north of lloboken, where lleni'y Hudson cast anchor liefore sailing U]j the river that l)ears his name. A shurt distance nurth oi this anchorage was located the duelling gi'ound. This place could only be ap- ]n-oached l)y boat from New York. The most famous duel ever fought at this historic spot was that on Jidy II, 1S04. between .\aron Burr and .\le.\ander Hamilton, in which the latter was killed and l!urr as a result was fm' years thereafter a wanderer on the face I if the earth, ha\-ing gone to luiroije. and spending the greater part ol his time in h'rance and l-Ingland. This was Burr's second duel at \\'eehawken. he having f(_)Ught a duel with I I ann'lti m's lirotlier-in-law . Mr. (luirch. 1 ni Scjjtember 2. 1799. ( )n Novemlier Jj;, iSoi. .\le.\andei- llannllon's eldest son, I'hiiip ll.nnil Ion, was shot and killed at tlie W eehawki-n duelling ground by (ieorge 1. ( iackei', a New \"ork Lawyer. ( )n the d:iv before, No\eni1>er 22. (lacker fought a duel at the same place with one Mr. Price, a companion of !'hili]i Hamilton's, so that it would seem that the spot was one of evil omen to the Hamilton faniilv. ( )ther duels recordetl as having taken place in Weehawken between I)rominent public men of the time were as follows: John Langstaflf and < )liver Waldron, Jr., December 25, 1801 ; De\\'itt Clinton and John Swartout, Julv 32 _^l. iSoj; Rifliaiil Kiker ami Riihcrt Swartnut. .\'n\ i-nihiT _'l, iSi)^^; Is;uic (iouveriuiur and W . II. Maxwell, July in, 1S13; lU-njaniin I'liic ami Majnr (Ireeii, a British ariin 1 il'liccr. May i_'. iSid. Stejihen I'ricr, a hrntlier nf I!cnjaniiii. sonif time later merheariug Captain \\ils(in si)eak (lisi)araging]y of the Price-(ireen affair, challenged Wilson to ligiit at W'eehawken. Wilson was killed. The last famous duel of which there is record was f>iuglu ( )ctol)er ly, 1835. between Henry Aitken ami Thomas Sherman. The Weehawkcn ferry started sometime before 1700, the exact date cannot be learned. 'i"he first record of the ferry is found on January 26. 1716. ( )n March 15, 1859, the most famous section of North Hudson became a town- ship, and its growth in population, commercial and social importance has kept pace with its ra])id rise in the annals of local history. Guttenberg It liclioii\c(l the resiilcnt.s of the extreme northern end (if the C(iunt\' to get busy. They caught the spirit of the times. Home Rule in a modified form caught their fancy, and they, the few early settlers, decided that they could, run a full-sized town. The town was small in area but big in enthusiasm, and in 1859 it became a town in jiroper legal form, and toda\- it stands as in matter of seniority, the second town in North Hudson. .\ bustling, busy municipality, its progress has been great, its future bright enough to please tile grand chief of the optimist class. Born in Wein Stube. It was in 185 1, when New York City had a p- and homesteads gave way before the onward march of the awakened town. The commons were no more; streets were laid out and the village began to spread itself out northward. In 1868 an effort was made to have the town consolidate with and become a part of Jersey City. 34 This prnixisitiiin was siiliniittc irnvj-iwrvrrvjuivmnnti ■». V V ■' I J ■ ■ / f » » ■ J > I r > . . » I f « J > I 1 I » J I I I I I t « I I I >» I a I n > ifi 1-^ IGam ^^ HE importance nf the pmper administration of justice has l^een recognized l|L from the earHest times. When our forefathers adopted our constitu- ^^ tion. they made the judicial department one of the three great branches of otir government. The same is true of the organization of our own state. There is no doubt but that some of the early decisions of the Supreme Court of the United States did much to inspire public confidence and to insure the perpetuity of our nation. The names of the great jurists who contributed to these decisions are found high upon our countr3's roll of hone jr. Xot with- standing some criticisms that have been made from time to time, the courts are looked upon as the great bulwark of protection to the mass of our citizens. Here the oppressed can come for relief ; here those who have wrongs to right can come for redress ; here all alike can look for protection against robbery and arson and for protection against those who would violate the sanctity of their homes or do injury to their property or person. .\ sacred duty rests upon those who have in their keeping the adminis- tration of justice, whether they sit as judges upon the liench or appear as c\'(i llu' alili' \(iun,mT la\\\crs df iludsdii (.Hiintx- is Xallian II. IV-ii- dergast. wlm lias offices in tin.- Si)ini^ani lliiildnii;-. ()(>^ Newark AxciuU'. Five CoiiK-is. jt'i'scy Cily. He was born in jersey City in the \ ear \Xj() and reeeixed his early edn- cation in the public schools and High School of that city. He also attended C'enteiiarx Collegiate Institute, at Hackettstovvn, New Jersey, and after leav- ing there, studied medicine at Bellevue Hospital Medical College, New York, but gave this up for the law, feeling that in this he had his chosen profession. He was admitted to the Bar of New Jerse\- as an Attorney-at- Law in the \ear 1902 and as a Counselor-at-Law in the _\ear 1910; he is also a Master in Chancery of New Jersey and Special Master in Chancery of New Jersey, and also counsel to the Hudson County Board of Idealth and \'ital Statistics. Since his admission he has practiced law in jersey City, and has made rapid .Urides in his profession and today enjoys a large clientele. .Although his practice is general and matters of e\-ery nature are ha.ndled by him, there is probaljly no lawyer in the county who is more conscientious al)out the merits of the case he undertakes than is Mr. Pendergast. He has a slight preference for the criminal law practice. He is well read and dignified in his profession, is self-confident and reliant and is possessed of a nature which draws men to him; and his clients have learned to have confiderice in him, and he has earned for himself a reputation of being truly an adviser. He believes that his own interests will not suffer by giving the best that is in him to the interests of his clients. He has won his legal spurs purely I)ecause of his legal ability ; he has asked no favors of anyone and has ad- vanced himself by his own personal efforts. These qualities are fast pushing Mr. Pendergast to the front in his pro- fession, and he is already a. favorite with the bench and Ijar. Fraternally, Mr. Pendergast is well known. He is a member of several lodges and clubs, including the Masonic order, l)eing a member of Eagle Lodge of Masons, one of the most conservative lodges of the Masonic order in the entire county. During his many years of court house association, before and after his admission to the bar, he has made many acc|uaintanccs and numbers ameingst his friends some of the foremost and influential men of the city and county, and is equally well known in other parts of the State. 45 ^amitrl AuBttit Srason .^^ ^ ^A.MflCL AL'STIX BPISSOX, of Ho- ^M boken, respected as a lawyer in crim- '^ inal, civil state and federal courts, and whose conduct of cases has blazed the \va\- for the construction of law in man\- important matters, was born on April 6, 1S53. at Elverittstown, Hunterdon County, X . J. I lis parents were William Besson and Margaret A. Besson. He is a lineal ilescendent of I'rancis Besson, a French llugenot, who settled in this country prior til 17,^0. His great grandfather. John liesson, was an ensign in Washington's army. He was educated in the public sch(Hil> at Everittstown. at the Carvers- \ille Normal School in Bucks Comity, Pa., and Lafayette College, Easton. Pa., from which he was graduated in iSjfi with the degree of .-\. 15. He was principal (jf the h'ranklin High School, Franklin, Pa., for one year, and afterward principal of the I'hillipshurg High School in New Jersey. In 1875 he began the stud} of law and was admitted to the New Jersey Bar in June. 1879, as an attorney and in June, 1S82, as a counselor. He has been corpora- tion counsel for his city under a Republican administration, among the most im- portant cases being those regarding water front titles, in whom many dis- tinguished corjjuration lawyers appeared. He is one of the managers of the Hoboken Bank for Savings, one of the originators and first trustees of the Columbia Club, a member of Euclid Lodge of Masons and a past grand of Columbia Lodge of ( )dd Fellows. He was in 1889 president of the Hudson Countv Bar Association and is a ruling elder of the First Presb}-terian Churcli, and a United States Commissioner. His home is modest, his tastes are for literature and law and he is broad- minded. He is greatlv liked 1)\- a large circle of loval friends. 46 iStrbarii 6>triTpuB N' '( ) \\ ( )kl\ (i| tills kinil would lie com- ))k-ti.' witliout a iiicntion of the Stexeiis faniilx. Richard Stevens i;; cliii't i)r()liali()ii officer of the county, ap- Idinted by judge P.lair in 1904. prominent in all progressive movements, a philan- thr(j|iist. and worthy scion of Ilohoken's oldest and most select society. Richard Stevens is the son of Edwin A. arid Martha B. Stevens. He was born May 2T,. i8'uS. in Paris, France. Like his for- bears 111 makes his Hoboken iiome at Castle Point. He has a summer home at llernardsville. X. J. .\lr. Stevens was educateil in the Stevens I'reparatory School, St. Paul's School, a boarding school at Concord, X. H. ; Colum- bia College School of .\rts. class of i8()0, Xew ^'ork Law School, from which he was graduated in 18(^3, iti which year he ]5assed his examination as attorney and was admitted to the Xew Jersey Ivir. Me is first vice-president of the Hol)oken Land and Improvement Com- lianw director of the First Xational Bank of Hoboken, and a member of the German Club and Columbia Club of Hoboken. and the Union Club, Racquet and Tennis Club, Xew York Athletic Club and University Club of Xew York. lie is fond of out door sports, at which he excels. In tennis he held the championship of Xew Jersey for three years and the middle .Atlantic chaiupion- sliip for two years. He played on the Somerset polo team for four years. He was champion wrestler of the New York Athletic Club for one year and held second place for one year. He rode in the cross country hunts of the Essex Fo.x Hounds. !~^winiiniiig atid boating are among his athletic attainments. 47 (Srnrnr 31. iHrlEutau (S F.( )R(;F, J. McEWAX. :■. leadin.o- and pul)lic spirited man of \\'est Hobo- ken, has an enviable record of suc- cess. Ik" was born in Roci\land County, N. Y., January i(). i8')2, his parents being Tliomas .McEwan and Hannah Eedgett .McEwan. Af.er attending country school at Man- chester (now Eakehurst), \. J., one vear, the family moved to Jersey City, where he went successively to School No. lo on I 'aterson Street, School No. 7 on Central Avenue and the Jersey Citv High School, from which he graduated in iSqj. He entered a hardware store in New \"ork. where he remained until 1S84. He had an ambition to become a lawyer and entered the law school of New York Uni- versity in the I'all of 1884, after studying with his brother, Flon. Thirmas McEwan, and Philo Chase, Esq. In May. 1885, he was graduated with the degree of LL. B. He was admitted to the New ^'ork Ixir in January, 1886, and practiced in New York until admitted to the New Jersey bar in June. 1887. He practiced in Jersey City from June. 1887. to January, 1907. when he removed to his present offices in the Highland Trust IniiUIing. West Hoboken. He liecame a counselor at law in New Jersey in June. 1890. He is vice-president, director and counsel for the Highland Trust Co., and president and counsel for the Courtland Building and Loan Association, recently organized. He is an active member of the Town Improvement Asso- ciation of West Hoboken and was town attorney in igii. 1013 and 1914. He is trustee and chairman of the executive committee of the Citizens' Federation of Hudson County. He was councilman from the Second \\'ard of West Ho- boken in 1894 and 1895. Flis house is at 421 High Street, that town. He is a member of the Columbia Club of Hoboken ; Euclid Lodge, F. and A. M., Hoboken ; the Scottish Rite bodies of New York ; Pilgrim Commandery, K. T.. Holioken: Salaam Temple. A. A. ( ). X. M. S.. Newark: Zemzem Grotto, M. (X \'. 1'. E. R.. Jersev City; West Hoboken Council. Royal Arcanum ; Unique Lodge. .\. O. U. W.. Jersey City, and the National Municipal League. He is an elder of the First Presbyterian Church of West Hoboken and was a coiumissioner at the Ceneral Assembly of the Presbyterian Church of North .-Vmerica. held at Atlantic City. May, 1912. 48 ^/OHN William Riifus Besson, presiding judge in the Huboken Distrii-i 'II Court, was born in Hoboken January (>. 1871. His parents were John ^"^ Case Besson and Ha.sscltine J. Besson (nee Nice). He has lived in Hoboken all his life, and is a l)rilliant exception to the rule based upon the familiar .^cri])tur;il i|Unta.lii)n that "a pniphet is not wilhuut hinmr save in his own country." Fioin his ynulh liidge Besson was studious. .\s a result, his rise in the legal and judicial world has been marked and well deserved. He attended Miss Hall's Primary School, the Hoboken Academy, Stevens High School and the Princeton Preparatory School prior to entering Princeton University, from which he was graduated in 1892 with the degree of B. A. In 1894 he graduated from the New York Law Sclmnl with the degree of LL. B. In June, 1895, Princeton conferreil upcm him the degree of M. A. In 1895 Mr. Besson was admitted tn the bar of New Jersey as an attornev and in 1898 as a counsellor. He is Ixith a Supreme Court Commissioner and a Special Master in Chancery. When he began practice he became a member of the firm of Lewis, Besson & Stevens, afterwards Besson, Alex- ander & .Stevens. His ability as a lawyer was speedily recognized, and to-day, besides occupying the District Court bench, he is counsel for the Trust Company of New Jersey. He is also a director in the Hudson Trust Company. Judge Besson served as Assemblyman from Hudson County in kjoj; and 1904. This is the only political office he has ever held. Besides the Legislative manuals for those years, he is i:)rominently mentioned in a volume entitled "Courts and Lawyers of New Jersey." He lives at 800 Hudson street, Hoboken, and all his life has taken an active interest in the affairs of Hoboken and its people. He is a member of the German Club of Hoboken, the Princeton Club 01 New York, the University Club of New York, the University Cottage Club of Princeton, the Nassau Clul) of Princeton, the Sons of the Revolution of New Jersey, the ^^'ashington Headquarters Society of Morristown, N. J., and ex-jn-esident of the Hudson Count v Bar Association and the Hoboken Board of Trade. His hobbies are tennis and golf. ?4rurtj A. (^ntht ^/^ENRY .\ (iAEUE, of Hoboken, senior member of the law firm of ^M Gaede & Gaede, one of the highly respected and older members of the ^^ Hudson county bar, was born in Iludson City, now Jersey City Heights, September 10, 1857. He attended the schools in that vicinity and was graduated from old public school No. _' in 1872. He then studied civil engineering with Otto F. Wagener. then citv sur\evor of lloboken, and remained with him until Oc- tober, 1874, when he entered the ottice of the late John C. Besson. Since ( )ctober, 1878, he has been engaged in the practice of his profession, making a specialty of real estate and banking law. He is counsel for a number of large cor]jorations. including the l-'irst National Bank of Hoboken, and the Jefferson Trust Company. He was at- torney for LIudson county in the condemnation proceedings for the County Boulevard. Mr. Gaede is a member of the Board of Visitors to the State Agricultural College and has experimented in horticulture a number of years, that being his hobb\-, ha\ing his countrv estate at Marlboro-on-the-Hudson, N. Y. 49 iEimrur U3altrr iCrakr IE LUIKNE Walter Leake was Ijurn in Jersey City. N. J., Juh- 17. 1877. ami in his hiime city he has attained a rejnitation as a lawyer wlio maintains the standard of the old school of practitioners much more closeh' than many of the younger members of the bar. He is the son of Thomas ^^'. Leake and Caroline \'eyrassat, a grandson of Charles Leake and Eugene \'eyrassat, a great-grandson of George Leake and Samuel Veyrassat. and a great-great-grandson of David Leake and Samuel \'eyrassat, Sr. Mr. Leake received his early education in Public Schools Nos. 3 and 12. Jersey City. Afterwards he attended Phillips-Andover .\cademy in Massa- chusetts. In 1896 he received the degree of LL. B. from the Regents of the Uiiiversity of the .State of New York. Li 1897 he received his diploma from the New York Law .Sclmol, at the same time winning the first j)rize in the post-graduate class for excellence in both examination and essa}'. .\fter graduating from the law school. Mr. Leake continued his studies with James R. \'redenburgh and Blair & Crouse in Jersey City, and was dmitted to the New Jersey bar in 1898. Since then he has been actively and successfully engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1900 he became associated with Charles Hartshorne and Earle Insle\' as the junior partner of the law firm of Hartshorne, Insley & Leake, with oiTices in the Pro\-ident Bank Building in Jersey City. This partnership h?s continued uninterru])tedlv ever since, tlie firm being recognized as one ai the must fcireninvt in the ])ractice nf law in New Jerse}". (Elrmrnt Or B. iCronctrb (E' i.i-;.Mi';.\T JA- R. i,i':().\Aiy him. The defendants in these jjroceedings retained Messrs. Bedle, Kdwards & Thompson of Jersey City, wh(j bitterly fought the case in their behalf, demurring to same on technical grounds. < )n February 23, 1904, the informa- tion was signed by the Attorney (jeneral, and writ of quo warranto issued on March 15, 1904. Defendants filed demurrer in case on June i6th, k;o4. .\n amended information was filed May ^th, 1903, and served on defendants .May 14, 1905. Mr. Lcdiiard was retained l)y the republican leader of Hudson County in said -proceedings, and when the case was ready for trial was ordered by his client to discontinue the same on ])ayment of his fees and costs. Mr. Leimard was also retained by the I'.lectinn ( )fficers of the City of Hohiiken, in 1903, to bring a. test case in their behalf in the name of one ot their number, David M. Hubbell, for the reco\er_\- of their salaries, in that year held up b}' the city on the questions of whether the law required the City or L"ount\' id p;iy same, and also to determine whether their individual salaries for each election, were to be each $25.00 or S30.00. Suit was lirought therefor on ,\pril 14th, 1903, and resulted in a judgment in fa\or of Mr. Leonard's clients and the recoverv of their claims in full. ( )n the 15th day of March, .\. D. 1910. Mr. Leonard was also admitted as Attorney and Counselor-at-Law in the Supreme Court of New York, ankcn. and 4J [ \\hi> resides in Jersey tity. is a son of the late Cjovcrnor Leon .Vljbett, '^ anil as a result of that relationship, together with his own legal acumen, he has acquired a large clientele among the first people of the State. He has been i)racticing law for a number of years past, and from the first has had a clientele wdiich has made him independent. Mr. Abbett's clientele has been of such a nature that he has not had to indulge in any questionable legal practices. He is careful, and inquires minutely into the details of the case any client brings to him. If he thinks the case is a just one and can be won on its merits he frankly tells his client .so. If he thinks the case is a poor one, that his client would have no standing in the courts, or that the case could be won only by questionable methods, he is very quick to refuse to have anything to do with it. He has a profound respect for the intent of the law, and hesitates to take any questionable case on a mere technicality. Mr. Abbett really belongs to the old school of lawyers who would sooner see things settled amicably and not taken to court if such a settlement can he effected. To this end he has smoothed over the difficulties of many- clients, and has come to be looked upon as a mediator rather than a lawyer. This appellation is more pleasing to him. When, however, he has to take a case to court, he fights to the end for his client, and has a splendid record of victories to his credit. Although his father was one of the most honored men in politics in the State of Xew Jersey and attained the high office of Governor through the suft'rage of the people, the younger Abbett's tendencies have been to avoid politics as much as possible and to attend strictly to his legal business. He is quiet and unassuming, and readily finds friends among refined people. m. H, Irableu ^H+t 11. BRADLEY, lawyer, with offices at 84 Washington street, Hoboken, 111] '^ numbered among the nicist progressive of the lawyers of the mile- ♦ square city. He has been in |)ractice long enough to establish a clientele of more than generous proportions, and has the cr>nfidence and esteem of a large number of friends as well as clients. Mr. Bradley has been interested in a good deal of important private litiga- tion, and so careful is he in the preparation of his cases that it is said of him that his clients generally win. His percentage of cases won is considerablv abo\-e the average, and this, of course, is due to a thorough knowledge of the law, a close study into the merits of the case on hand, and the fact that Mr. Bradley is honest in advising clients when thev have no case or little chance to win. Among his clients Air. Bradle_\- numbers many prominent people. A good deal of his practice is what is known as office cases. He has a certain skill in deciding complicated cases that has drawn to him clients who have remained with him permanently. He is never pedagogic, but gives his clients the impression of being a friend as well as legal adviser. As a matter of fact, he enters into the cases of his clients in a whole-hearted manner which really makes him the friend, as well as legal adviser. Because of his upright practice Mr. Bradley has gained a high place in the esteem of the various branches of the bar before which he practices. He is not a spectacular lawyer. He depends, rather, upon knowledge of the law and its correct interpretation than upon high flowai oratorv. He presents his cases clearly and concisely, and brings out the salient points in a manner that has w'on the admiration not only of the bench, but of his fellow lawyers as well. S3 iE^utarlJ i'tnitpr i£ nWARU STO\"ER, lauver, was bom in Hoboken, on April 13. 1882. He is the son of Emma R. and John D. Stover. ?iTr. Stover is known for activities in Ijehait of social and civic betterment. He was the leader in the movement that bronght abont the equipment of the Mud- son I'liunty i)laygroun;ls in Hoboken. -Mr. Stover attended Mensing's Kinder- s/arten School and later the Hoboken Aca- demy from which he entered Xew York University at the age of iCi. Here his studies were interrupted by poor health. \^ hen this had been recovered he studied typewriting and stenographv in Eagan's liusiness College and entered the law o.'ifice of Samuel A. Besson. He graduated from Xew York Law School in 1004, reveived" the degree of bacliellor of laws in ujof). He became an attorney and in 1910 a coun- selor at law. Immediately on becoming an attorney he started in the practice of law for himself. His offices are in the Savings Bank Building at Newark and Washington Streets. Hoboken. While Mr. Stover was a law clerk he together with Walter Coppinger ?nd Attorney John D. Pierson began to agitate for a play ground park for his crowded city, which finally culminated in the Hudson County Park Commis- sion adopting plans for converting the Hoboken Cricket (Irounds and adjoining |)roperty into a plav ground. Before the commission started its work of im- proxement a ball team managed by the late Robert Davis, then called the Deniiicratic Buss of Hudson County, started to play in the Cricket Grounds ind charged an entrance fee. Stover and his associates got an injunction pro- hibiting the games from the Court of Chancery, but before doing so presented themselves at the gates of the Cricket (irounds one Siniday afternoon and de- manded admittance free of charge. They were backed up by a crowd of citi- zens who tore down the fence when their demands were refused. I^rurij 31. (^a^itr iY|>]{XRY J. (tAEDE, associated with ^|H his father, Henry A. Gaede, in the i law firm of ( iaede & Gaede, Hobo- ken, was born in Jersey City Heights June J5. 1884. He received the degree of LI,. 11. frnm the Xew York Uni\'ersitv Law .School in 1904, after which he took a special law course at Cornell University. He was admitted to the Xew Jersey bar in 1905 and to the New York bar in 191 1. lie is probalsly the youngest man ever admitted to the bar in this State, being- sworn in just one da}' after becomini; twenty-one years of age. He is acti\'cly engaged in the practice of law in Xew York City, having offices at 55 Libert\ Street, as well as with his father at 01 Washington .Street. Ilolniken. 54 JIampii A. ^ulltnan. ai \.\IES A. SL"LLI\AN. a member of the Xew Jersey bar since lyii, and now engaged in the general jjractice ni' law in Jersey City, was born in Jersey Cny. on September 20, 1884, his parents b.eing James and Mary Snllivan. He has proven himself an apt disciple of P.lack- slone and his law business is growing. In characteristic manner when asked as to his hobbies and tastes he said he had none, that his only desire was tij see his business grow. He has the training, the system and the experience which will ])ermit him to do an enormous amount of work in the short- est possible time. His interests are always those of his clients and those who have re- tained him are loud ir praise of his satis- factory work i'l their behalf He was educated in the Christian lirothers" School in Jersey City, St. Peter's College in Jersey City and Seton Hall in South Orange, from which nistitution he graduated in 1905, with the academic degree of A. B. In 1907 he received the degree of A. M. From the Xew York Law School he received the degree of LL. B. in 1908. H then entered the office of Brinkerhoit & Fielder, serving a clerkship there until his admission to the bar in 191 r. J\Ir. Sullivan is a Democrat in politics. He Eean Democratic Club and the Carteret Club. is a member of the lohn P. 55 MtUtam A. iKaitauagli II.LIAAI A. Kavanagh, one of the younger of Hoboken's lawvers, hut vvithah one who in his short legal career has won a host of friends and cHents. together with their confidence, was ijorn ni Countv Dublin, Ireland, March 17. 1X85. and is therefore a true son of the "ould sod'" and of the good St. Patrick, he being born upon the d'ly devoted to the memory of Ireland's patron saint. His parents were James F. Kavanagh and .Vnna \rcher Kavanagh. With his parents }-oung Ka\anagh came li '. this country in September, 1890. They settled in Hoboken, and it was here that the boy was educated, so far as his preliminary education was concerned. He attended both No. 1 School and < )ur l.ady of (irace Parochial School, graduating from the latter institution of learning in 1898. He then entered St. Peter's High School in Jersey (7ity, attending there from 1899 to 1901. after which he entered Seton Hall College in .South ( )range. N. J., in 1902, from which he graduated in 1905. .After his graduation at .Seton Hall College he became an instructor, and taught in the Il(il)(_)ken High School and in the jnildic schools of the City of Xew 'S'ork. As a teacher he was highly regarded, and had he chosen tt) continue a career as such would undoubtedly have been among the foremost tutors (if his time. He had a bent for the law, however, and entered Fordham Law Schiiiil HI 19C9, graduating in 191J. lie was soon after admitted to the bar, and since then has practiced his profession at 68 Hudson street, where he has a large and constantly growing clientele. Mr. Kavanagh is careful and conscientious in the study of the interests (if his clients in whatever matters are entrusted to him. Although a young lawyer, he already has nia.n\- victories and satisfactory settlements to his creflit. Through the clients he has ser\'ed others ha\e come, a fact which iFrrlirnrk N. lEbrrliar^ ^lY^^J'-'r^ERICk' X. Eberhard. witli oi"fices in the Second Xational Hank build- lll '"§'■ Hoboken, is one of those lawyers whose advice is sought not only by ■^■^ private clients, but by financial institutions, municipal corporations, etc. He is recognized as an able exponent of financial and corporation law and, therefore, he has a clientele that is a little above that of the average lawyer. Mr. Eberhard is not often seen at the bar. Most of his work is confined to his office. The work at the bar is attended to more or less by his asso- ciates. When his presence is required, however, one may find him in court, and when he is seen there one may rest assured that there is something of more than ordinary importance on for the day. Mr. Eberhard resides in Jersey City, in the upper Hudson City section. He has a splendid home on Palisade avenue. He has a family of whom he can well feel proud. His son, F. N. Eberhard, Jr., is studying law in his father's office, and it is the intention of the elder Eberhard to take the son into the firm as soon as he has passed his examinations and been admitted to tiie bar. \\'hile never dabbling in politics for personal gain, Mr. Eberhard has taken an active interest in the reforms of government in Jersey City. He was Judge .Advocate of the \inth Regiment of Mew Jersey and an Interstate Bridge Commissioner re]irescnting Hudson County. The title of "Commis- sioner" sticks with him to the present day. Personally Mr. I'"lierhard is genial with friends. To those whom he likes he has a warm heart. He is courteous to all, but dismisses quietly those with whom he does n(')t care to do business or recognize socially. He has built up his legal business on a high plane. .A man of his personality could m it cl( 1 ( itherwise. 56 (Eharlrs t. ^. ^intpiuni. C ARLKS I".. S. Sl.MPSOX was born August 20. i office, studying out intricate problems, rather than the kind which leads the lawyer into the criminal courts. Mr. Brand lielieves in law as practiced by the old school of lawyers, the kind of law which makes the lawyer the confidential friend, as well as legal adviser, of his client, the kind of law that recognizes duty to clients as para- mount to every other consideration, the kind which advises and directs and refuses to take cases if there is no good case to be made for the client, the kind which advises settlement of difficulties rather than costly litigation, in fact, the practice of law along the dignified and gentlemanly side of the pro- fession. Naturally Mr. Brand is a busy man. lie is well grcjunded in his practice, which has grown until it reaches proportions which take up a great deal of his time. He finds time, however, to be genial to callers and extend a hearty welcome to friends. He li\es at 318 Hudson street and enjoys the respect of his neighbors. Abolph C. (CarstPii N ( ) la\\\er is better or more fa\'orabl\- kn^wn in North Hudson, Hoboken, or I'ludson County, for that matter, than Adolph C. Carsten, who has offices at 79 River street. Hoboken. Mr. Carsten was for years a law part- ner of iMancis McCauley under the firm name of McCauley and Carsten. About a year ago the partnership was severed, and since that time he has engaged in the practice of law for himself at the Hoboken address. He also lives in Hoboken at 913 Washington street. Praise which might be bestowed on other members of the liar would sound cheap when applied to Mr. Carsten. He is one of the school of lawyers who believe in the protection of their clients and their interests promptly and with the least litigation possible. He has so large a permanent and transient clientele that it would not pay him to dally along on cases which Cduld be settled quickly, even were he so inclined, but it has always been a point of honor with Mr. Carsten to get through a case as quickly as possible, thereby getting it oiif his mind and leaving more for the client. Mr. Carsten was born March 31, 1875, in Hol^oken, his parents being Nicholas and Lina Carsten. He attended pulilic school No. 3. He worked at the dianidud cutting trade from 13 to _'i years of age. He entered the ("entenarx Collegiate Institute at 1 lackettstown in 1897, graduating in 1900. He immedialelv entered the New York University and graduated in 1904 with the degree of B. A. From the New York T.aw School he graduated in 190s and entered the office of James F. Minturn. who was elevated to the Supreme Court bench in 1907. at wliicli time McCauley and Carsten took ( ver his practice. Mr. Carsten was appointed to the Board of Trustees of the Free Pulilic Librar\ in Hoboken in 1906 by Mayor George H. Steil. He resigned in 1909. lie is a member of Hoboken Lodge of Elks No. 74, Camp i. Sons of \'eterans, and the Phi Gamma Delta Fraternity and Club with headquarters in West Forty-fourth street, New York City. 58 A. (»). Ctrrarrllf AM()i\'(_j tlie best kiiuvvn (if tin- lawyers in this vicinity may he men- tinned A. (). Ciccarelli. with offices in the huilchnj^ owned by tlie Second National Bank. S2 River street, Hohoken. .\lr. Ciccarelli has been engaged in the practice of law in tlie Hudson County Courts for the past twenty years, and he has built up an enviable clientele, especially among the Italian speaking residents of the county, who go to him for counsel and advice. Advice is not always confined to legal matters. Many of his clients have been advised as to financial investments there, and it is said that none who followed the advice of the counsellor in these matters ever had cause to regret it. .'Vt one time Mr. Ciccarelli dabbled a bit in politics. He was a republican and was much interested in republican politics. He was a member of the Fremont Club when that organization was in the height of its glory and at one time undertook to run for the assembly on the republican ticket. He was beaten at the polls, as was every other republican at the time, although his vote was a flattering one. Of late years he has eschewed politics and con- fined himself to the practice of his profession. His offices are busy ones. Go there at any time when he is in and one is apt to find a long list of waiting clients looking for advice as to begun or contemplated litigation. Mr. Ciccarelli is sharp, clear, crisp and decisive in his advice. He has the law on most matters at his tongue's end, and is ready in many cases to give an opinion as to tlie nieritsof litigation at a moment's notice. Mr. Ciccarelli numbers among his friends some prominent people. He is well thought of by the bench and bar. He has never resorted to the little catch-penny tactics of so many lawyers of the younger generation, and is rather of the strictly professional order of legal gentlemen. Once a friend his friendships last until blasted by other than himself. .S9 ilnbtt 31. Walsh 31 f(_)H.\ j. UaLsh was horn at \\'exford, Ireland. March i6, 1877, and is a lawyer by profession. He receixed his early education under the fJrothers of St. -Moysius. at \\'exford, where he graduated with honors, lie afterwards accepted a position w^ith Israel \\'allis. C lerk of the Crown, where, from his duties as attendant at the Petit Sessions Court, lie acquired a facilit\- for the ^tudy of law. His father, John Walsh. was a descendant of an old .^iiuth W'c-xford family, and was one of the organizers and ardent supporters of the Land-League Movement in < ictober, 1879. Under an Act (pf Parliament of i88t, known a.s "L'orester's Coer- ci(in Act." which was pro- mulgated for the suppression "f the Land-League, and the suspension of the Llabeas Corpus Act of that year, his father was arrested, and with 600 others of good social standing, and moderate political \iews. was incarcer;ited as a "suspect" in Kilmainham jail, Dublin. He was released, untried and unaccused in May, 1882. Ml-. W'aKh, Jr.. in his younger da}'s was affiliated with the Nationalist nioxenKiit and was acti\ely interested in the Parnell crisis of 1890. Mr. WaMi came to the L'nited States in 1897. with the late Rev. Michael C. Mcl''-\ii\. pastor of .St. Joseph's I'hurch. lloboken, who desired him to stud\- for the priesthood. Mr. Walsh, Imwcver, was inclined to pursue the studv of law. He completed his studies in New York University, class of 1896. He serxed his clerkship under Supreme Court Justice, Hon. James F. Minturn and Corporation Counsel John J. Fallon. He was admitted to the New Jersey Bar in 1908. iHnrrtii llmausku ^I*|*L)I\K1S UMANSKV, engaged ni the practice of law at 51 Newark street. ^||p| Hoboken, was bom March 10, j886, at Bratslav. Russia. His parent.* •'■^^ were loscph and Esther Umansky. He attended schools in Russia. When still a bo\' he came to this country, and by close application and hard study, at the age of 28 years he has made for himself an enviable place in professional circles. His legal cduca.tion was obtained at the Law School of the University of New N'ork. His ]iractice from the start has been of the higher order. Mr. Umanskv is popular in a large circle of friends and acquaintances. He is a member of Court IIarmon\ , No. 69. Foresters of America; Hoboken City Lodge. No. 476, Independent Order of Brith Abraham, and Linath Hazedek of Hudson t'ountx'. He is married and lives in ^^'est Hoboken. 60 iFiuanrtal JuHttlutinuH ■l'l)S()X COUNTY'S financial institutii.)ns are among the strnngest and most respected in tlic country. Xo loose methods of banking are 'i tolerated here, the result being the un(|uesti( ined soundness of the banks and allied institutions. Notwithstanding the panic through which the country at large ha.s passetl. there has been little of the general depression felt here. s(_> far as banking business is concerned. The banks have been liberal in their accommodations to business men — as liberal as go(Ki business management wotild permit. So far as the annual rejjorts for 1914 show e\-ery liank has increased its assets, decreased its actual liabilities and increased its saving deposits. While 1914 was by no means the liest financial year experienced in Hudson, it was far from being the poorest. Failures were few and, with one or two exceptions, were unimportant. All in all. the financial conditions have been remarkably got)d. considering the tlepression that existed elsewdiere, and there seems to prevail the general optimistic feeling of a better Inisiness year to come. Building and loan associations ha\-e increased in numbers, shareholders and the number of sliares taken and this increase is continuing. L'arefnl management has marked the conduct of the sixt}- or more associations of this hind in the county. .Ml have done an extensive banking ])usiness. Many of Hudson's banks do nv has a si)lendiusy ."summit avenue. 'i"he poHey which h;is l)uilt the Inisiness of this bank and caused such unusual prosjierity and growth is the principle that the important feature of I\-inking is to always ha\e the money to pay the depositor when he comes to the window for it. Organizers of the conijiany include Julius lielte. A. A. Franck. J. P. Henry, M. I).. K. J. Hillas, George J. McKwan. J. Lawrence Nevin. (de- ceased). Richard Stevens, Edward H. Snyder. .Vlbert Wiggers. George Lau.secker, |. A. W'olfenden. B. H. Pelzer. jr.. Charles J. Solyom. George Lawyer and Thomas McEwan. Officers are: Thomas McEwan. Jr.. ]iresident : president ; I. S. Chamberlain, secretarv and treasurer. McEwan. Julius Helte. Robert J.' Hillas. Henry Lampa. (Jeorge J. Mcl'.wan, Joseph .\. Xe\in. M. l\ol)ert J. Hillas. vice- Directors are: Thomas Prunaret. Robert R. I).. Edwin H. Snvder W'\ ^^'ern^ ohn A. Wdlfenden and I'.dward Savove. 63 3u^U0trtal J^rnripss in ilntiisou (Cmmtii ^IJT LJU^UN COUNTY is tirst in iini)()rtancc li<:)th in population and in- TfJ (lustries among the CDuntics df Xew jersc)-. Its aihantageous loc;Uitauiiartii (§tl (Enm^iaug AMOXCj the great industries of Jersey City and its adjacent towns is the manufacture and distribution of oils and oil products as carried on by the Standard Oil Company in Jersey City and Bayonne. The plant at Bayonne is the largest oil manufacturing establishment in the world. It covers an area of something like 252 acres, where crude oil is manufactured into its various products. From the Bayonne plant alone during the year 1913 were shipped 2,608,- 660 tons of oil and oil products by water. There were received into this plant by water 797.240 tons, making a total amount of business done by water over their docks of 3.405.907 tons. This does not include the material used in the preparation of oil and oil products, such as lin])late. boxes, steel pipe, machinery, etc. This plant is equipped with four large docks capable of handling the largest commercial vessels in the world. Fifteen large ships can be accom- modated at these docks at one time. To do this large amount of business 496 ship loads were taken in and sent out. 410 being loaded out and 86 brought in laden with oil. Two hundred and ninety-three barges, oil laden were also handled into the plant and 1.704 barges an average of six a da\-, were handled out. The ships and barges vary from a capacity of 3,000 to a capacity of 15.000 tons. They go to all parts of the world, many cargoes reaching the far interior of China, islands of the Pacific ocean, interior of Africa. Australia, South America. Scandinavia and as far north as the arctic circle. Besides the oil shipped out of this plant daily there is manufactured on an average of more than 50.000 cases per day. each case carrying two cans of five gallons each, the cans also being manufactured within the plant. The plant is also equipped to manufacture 7.000 wooden barrels per day, as well as the steel barrels used in the shipment of oils for long distances. Not only is the manufacture of receptacles for its own products carried on. but the plant is so equipped that practically all its own machinery and repairs are made there by its own mechanics. A large boiler shop, blacksmith shop, machine shop and carpenter shop, employ some 2.000 men constantly on stich work. The total number of employees in the plant aggregates 6,000 and the manufacture of oil. its products, cases, machinery, etc.. is carried on night and day. In the Communipaw section of Jersey City is another oil refinery, cciver- ing approximately 80 acres of land, in which is manufactured 15,000 barrels of crude oil into various grades of lubricating oil daily. This plant is fully equipped for the manufacture of all the products of petroleum and employs a force aggregating about 1,000 men. This plant was established in 1878 with a small manufacturing capacity and has grown steadily to its present size. Both of these plants probably represent the most modern and up-to-date methods that can be found in this particular business. With such an extensive business it must be recognized that the Standard Oil Company plays an important part in the finances of the section in which it carries on its manufacturing operations. The weekly payroll of the com- pany is something like $75,000 in the two plants. Most of this is disbursed by the employees in their own particular sections among grocers, butchers and other local merchants. The company has suffered several disastrous fires in its Bayonne plant. One in July. 1890. broke out at midnight and burned for a week, the loss being in the neighborhood of $2,000,000. Since that time the company has employed every means and adopted every contrivance to prevent a repetition of such a conflagration. Great care is taken to provide sanitary and safety- appliances for the protection of employees at all times and every reasonable effort is made to look out for their welfare. 68 Since the big lire an additional pumping system, hy means of which the immense tanks of oils, gasolene, naphtha, etc., can be quickly drawn off in the event of a fire close by, and carried to points of safety elsewhere, have been installed. A splendid fire system has been organized among the em- ployees. There are plenty of hydrants and hose and a heavy pressure of water is always readv. Besides this the fleet of tug boats is equipped with every known device for fighting fire from the water front. Just how well the company looks after its employees and their interests may be gleaned from the fact that it maintains a private hospital and corps of physicians and surgeons, with every modern convenience for the treatment of the sick and first aid to the injured. Also a pension system has been in- troduced by which a person having worked for the company for twenty years LMid ha\'ing reached the age of 60 )-ears is entitled to retirement on half pay for the remainder of his life. Among the other important plants of the company is the one at Tampico. Mexico, from which pipe lines are laid to xarious oil producing sections throughout the country and to which crude oil for refinement flows directly from the wells, the oil being metered so that the flow from each well can be properly registered. Many independent oil companies and oil wells are de- pendent upon the .Standard for their own existence, the Standard taking the floy\' of crude oil in this manner direct from the fields, with little or no expense to the well operating companies. Of course, the Standard has many wells of its own in the best known oil fields of the country. 69 §rhutarHrnltafh, Hubrr Co. JN the silk industry of North Hudson the Schwarzenbach-Huher Com- pany plays a prominent part. It conducts one of the largest plants for the manufacture of broad and novelty silks in the entire country. Its magnificent factory is bounded by Highpoint avenue, Spring street, West street and Oak street, in \\'est Hoboken. During the busy season it is a busy hive of industry, and during the entire year employs a large force of men and women in the manufacture and distril)ution of its products. Silk manufacturing in North Hudson is conducted along more humane lines than it is in some other parts of the country. Manufacturers here believe the workers have rights which the employers are bound to respect. This is particularly true in the Schwarzenbach-Huber plant, which, although it played a prominent part in the last great strike in the silk industry, was forced to do so, not because the employees were dissatisfied, but because they had been led to believe that the success of the strike in Paterson depended upon the paralysis of the industry here. The Schwarzenbach-Huber plant is a model one. There is plenty of light, air and ventilation. Every precaution is taken to preserve the health of the employees as far as the details of the industry will permit. The men and women are not herded in the shop like sheep, and wherever it has been possible for one machine to do work with fewer attendants that has been done. This has not been found to be a short-sighted policy for the reason that where the work can be done with fewer employees the air is better, the employees are more wide awake, there are fewer accidents and less misery than where the workers are crowded together in small space with little breathing and working room. Everything about the big mill is designed on the safety first idea. Espe- cially is this true in the precautions that have been taken against fire. While every floor is equipped with automatic sprinklers, there is also a trained fire department, fully equipjsed with hose, hook and ladder, etc., for quick work in the case of conflagration. Every man of the fire department knows his post in case of fire, and there is little likelihood of any conflagration gaining much headway at any time when the men are at work. It is a policy of the company to keep the mills going the entire year, except such time as is necessary for stock taking, if possible. There are seasons of the year when ordinary work is slack, when to keep the mills running means the investment of large capital without adequate returns for the time being, when the mills are run at a positive loss because money which is handed out in wages and salaries would be drawing interest if allowed to accumulate in bank, but the managers recognize the fact that to keep good employees they must keep them engaged, and that the workers have to live throughout the year, the only means of subsistence being the wages they receive. There is an organization at the Schwarzenbach-Huber Companv plant such as would be hard to duplicate in any place run along lines of less efficiency^ It is the effort of the managers to keep this organization intact. To do this they must keep fairly steady employment. So they have men designing novelties in the silk goods line. These novelties are manufac- tured and pushed upon the market. It is true of the company that the most of these novelties are accepted by the public and find a readv sale. This shows a remarkable grasp of public opinion. Visitors interested in the process of silk making are made welcome at the plant and are shown around by courteous men employed for that pur- pose. Many visitors have said that a visit to the plant was interesting, not alone from the class of goods manufactured, but from the fact there is kept a high class of workers who are as courteous to the visitor as it is possible for them to be and keep their work in hand. 70 B. .^ H. -§fmttn Cn. A LWAVS of ahsurbing; interest In Xmtli lluilsnii is the (leveldpiiient of the silk mamifaeturing l)iisincss, in which the R. I'v: 11. Simon C'om])an\- of Union llill and h'aston, Penn., has played an important part. This firm is anmng' llu' must iJrogressiNc and largest employers of labor in L'nion llill. and as sncli lia> been an important factor in the indus- trial dc\clopnu-nt of that town. It employs rit the pix'sent lime, ;ind ha,> eniploved constantly ft)r the ])ast several years, an average of 2,500 |)eople. .\ visit to the factory, a survey of its products and a study of industrial C(_)nditions there alone can gi\-e an ade(|na.tc idea of the immensity of the enteri)risc. The variet\- of the work turned out at this establishment is in itself mar\ellous. Here dress silks, ribbons, lining silks, tie silks and velvets are all manufactured under one roof. The ribbons, silks and velvets are sold under the trade name "Regatta." and they have attained an enviable reputa- tion on the market which makes them always in demand. The care taken to have the best efforts of every employe engaged in each particular line put into the goods manufactured is responsible for the excellence of the products. The R. & H. Simon Co. factory is a model one in every respect. Every care has been taken to make the emplo_\es comfortable in their work. From the heads of the concern down to the office boys, every courtesy is demanded and enforced. The casual visitor is at once impressed with the refine'l atmosphere of the place, which extends into every department. The firm has always endeavored to employ only the highest class of skilled labor, and the slovenly workman has 110 place on the payroll. JVfuch care is taken with learners, and their instruction is always in the hands of experi- enced, careful and competent workers. By this method a splendid organ- ization of silk-makers has been perfected, each taking an interest in his or her work which would hardly be possible under other conditions. Officers of the R. it H. .Simon Company are: E. M. Simon, president; Charles W. Muller. \ice-president ; Egoii Ebert. second ^•ice-president and treasurer; (1. IJixler. secretary'. All are public spirited and always ready to iielp in anything which makes for the betterment of North Hudson. .Such firms and such men as this are creditable to any community and deserve highest commendation. iEftling & §rhnpn AM( )X(; the foremost manufacturers of broadsilk in Xorth Hudson is the firm of Reiling & Sohoen. Hackensack plankroad. l^etween I'ahsade and Clinton avenues, West Holsoken. This is among the most im- portant of North Hudson industries, the firm employing in its West Hohoken mill from 500 to 550 hands the year around and the aggregate payroll amount- ing to some $300,000 annually. I-5esides the West Hoboken mill the firm also operates the Peterslnirg ^ilk mill at Scranton, Pa., and the Penikees mills at \alley Falls, R. I. Rut 11 i> of the West Hoboken mills that detailed mention is here made. The members of the firm are Joseph L. Reiling and Carl Schoen. The firm was established in 1893 under the name of Reiling. David & Schoen, but it was changed in 1908 to its present name. All classes of broadsilk are made here, including tie goods, dress goods, dress trimming, etc. Cenerallv the work in silk mills is dependent upon fashions and seasons because the 'manufacture of these goods is thus dependent, but Reiling & Schoen have established a reputation of keeping help engaged the year round. The firm anticipates demand by creating and manufacturing novelties. It employs a large staff of designers and produces original designs in fabrics which' vie with and often surpass imported silks. The capacity of the local mill is 1,000,000 yards of broadsilk goods a year, while the total capacity of all the mills operated by the firm is 3,500,000 yards. In the local mill the motto of the firm for all employees has been "safety first." To this end the mill has a complete fire department of two comjianies of twentv-two men each. It has an equiiiment capable of throwing three one and cine-eighth inch streams over the roof of a five-story building at the rate of 750 gallons per minute. There is also a complete automatic sprinkling department, which, in case of extensive fire, would effectually check the spread of the flames. There is an underground reservoir with a capacity of too.ooo o-allons for the use of the fire comi)anies at an_\ time they may be called into action. Ample fire escape facilities, in accordance with the latest require- ments and regulations of the State Department of Labor have been recently constructed and installed. Both Messrs. Reiling & Schoen have been prominent in furthering the industrial interest of silk goods manufacturers throughout the country. Mr. Schoen was foremost in the formation of the LInited States Conditioning and Testing Company, of wdiich he i> a director. This company is a mutual undertaking and is the final arbiter in controversies over grades and con- trihutor oi embroidery machines in the United States. The main lactorv is located at 556-562 Gregory avenue, corner HackcnsacU plankroad. W'eeh'avvken, and here not only are found a wonderful array of the Vogtlan- dische shuttle embroidery machines, of which the company is the sole agent in America, but repairs are also made and parts furnished and manufactured. Mr. Reiner, who has introduced into this country almost every machine used in the domestic manufacture of embroidery, is tirm in the belief that the ical centre of embroidery in the world is shifting to America. Early in the great European international war he declared that even with an early cessation of that conflict Euro])eans could ne\er catch up vv th the tre- mendous and growing demand on this side of the .Xtlaiitic. Mr. Reiner announces that his company is a.m])ly prepared for this expan- sion. It has more than $100,000 worth of machines ar.d machine parts in its demonstrating and storage plants in Weehavvken. No .\merican manufacturer need -'ufifer for lack of repair parts, accessories and attachments because the company accumulated a large stock before the war. and can make immediate shipments at any time desired. The Rol:ert Reiner Importing Company's demonstrating ]>lant in W'ee- hawken is the largest of its kind in the world. It was erected solely to show what the Wigtland machine will do. Prospectixe purchasers may here actually test a machine before buying and actually see their own work being made up into the finished article.. Besides demonstrating, this part of the [■veiner ]ilant serves as a show room for the man}' machines ready for immediate delivery. Owing to the rapid expansi(^n and to anticipate the growth of the domestic embroidery industry-. President Reiner annotmces that his company is now ai)proving plans for the erection of another building to be located directly opposite the present offices and demonstrating plant. The big structure recently erected by the company on the Hackensack Plankroad has been sold to the American Embroidery Manufacturing Cor])oration. West Hoboken. and the Hoagland-Ligety Co., also of that town. The Reiner demonstrating plant is a veritable wonderland of science. In regularly soldierly files are seen numerous embroidery machines represent- ing the latest inventions of the greatest mechanical experts. A marvel of ingenuity is the new \"ogtland fifteen-yard shuttle machine. C)perated by a high-speed \'ogtland-Zahn automat. This is the largest and most complete design of embroidery making machine ever manufactured. It is a source of never ending wonder to those who see it in operation. Ten-yard machines are also set up and working, on exhibition for all interested. That domestic embroidery works have already made noticeable inroads u]Jon the industry- abroad is shown by a recent issue of a Sw^iss newspaper, which charges that the \'ogtland machine manufacturers have serioush- injured the Saxon and Sw'iss embroidery- industries by the importation of machines to this country. Switzerland has long been the acknowledged centre of the European emljroidery industry, and in this complaint a great triljute is paid to the enterprise of American manufacturers. The Robert Reinef Importing Companv's business is national in scope. -Machines imported bv this company are in daily^ use in various parts of New York. New^ Jersey, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Missouri, Maryland and other states, as well as in Canada, and South America, where the embroidery- industrv has achieved any considerable proportions. U3r5t ijDlmkru I^Cnurltii au^ tmbrntiirrij Hlorks, 3ur. ^rill", W'l-st [4(il)i)ken Xcncltv and Enibniider}- Works. Inc.. has made a ill tield tdr itself in the manufacture i>f novelty embroidery in a section ^^ which is regarded as an embroidery center by buyers and makers in all parts of the countrw The ideal factory building which houses this indus- tr\- is at 811-817 Walnut street, West Hoboken. It is owned bv A. Rohner. who established the business December I, igi^. The pruperty is icoxioo feet, and it is the boast of the owner that it is the most up-to-date emliroidery plant in the world. It has living apartments above, which are also fitted up in the very latest manner. The concern is incorporated for S50.OCO, 449 of the 500 shares Ijeing- owned liv Mr. Rnhner. whn is president of the corporation. Fritz Kruesi, who is secrela.r\- and treasurer, holds fifty shares for profit-sharing purposes. The firm was the first inipurter of the fifteen-yard pantograph machines, manufactured in Switzerland, which ha\e prtned a great success from the start. Alfred Rohner, president, was connected with S. (lalle & Co., wholesale cheese importers, Xew York, as credit man for eighteen years prior to estab- lishing this concern. The embroidery line is not new to him, however, he having been connected with that line in Europe, as will as in this country. Kruesi is the designer for the concern. He was in business on his own account before he made connections with Mr. Rf)hner. His services as a designer were much sou.ght h\' embroidery manufacturers who did an exclu- si\e business, and Mr. Fiohner feels that in him he has made a splendid acquisition to his concern. Mr. Rohner is optimistic, and thinks the perif.d of depression we are passing through is at the worst onl\- temporary. He expects a great Ijoom in the embroidery l)usiness in the near future, and is receix'ing two fifteen-vard automatic machines from Switzerland. 74 M. Irfti ^i \ IS Udt grncrally knuwii lliat al least in one of the (.'iiibi'ciidei'}- plants ^1 ol" North Hutisoii every care is taken to make the products equal in '^^^ every respect to those of St. (iall, the recognized luiropean centre of embroidery excellence. Reference is made to the plant of M. Ilefti, 3)^1-387 Summit Avenue. West Hoboken. N. J., with New York offics at 1133 Broad- way, N. Y. City. Mr. Hefti has operated this plant since 1909. He is a native of St. (Iall. and in common with most young men of that district, was apprenticed to an embr( )idery manufacturer. While vet a young man he became general manager of an embrniderv factory with an interest in the concern. In this posilicm he visited the English and French markets with acknowledged success. Subsequently he came to America as representative of St. Gall manu- facturers, visiting most of the large trade centres east of the Mississippi of United .States and Canada, repeating his success obtained in the English markets. \\'hen he decided to start in business himself, he had little difhculty in obtaining audiences from the largest buyers. It is generally conceded that any goods bearing the HEFTI trade mark are of the best. He operates a number of the new automatic machines, which have set a new standard for uniform and perfect work. The working people m his factory are of the best obtainable, and are paid liberal wages accord- ingly. The factory itself is considered a model in regard to light, cleanliness and perfect sanitary arrangements. Mr. Hefti champions quality in work and ])attern, because he asserts this to be the only way to develop the em- broidery industry on healthy, substantial lines, creating a more stead}", al! the year around demand for domestic embroideries. \\'e beliexe his success to be the l:)est prO(if of the correctness of his contention. 3, 1^, Mmpm iurinu Qlontpaug AAK )X(j the yciunger and more ])rogressive Inisinesses of North Hudson is that of the t. P. Maupai IJyemg Company, at 620628 Thirteenth street. West Xew York. This compan} was established April i, 1913, employs fifty people and has a capital of $15,000. Its business is that of dyeing artificial and natural silk of domestic manufacture only. This company is the outgrowth of the firm of Schmitt & Alaupai. which was started in 1889 at 2^2 East Forty-third street. New York. This partner- ship was dissolved in April, 1894. In November of the same vear F. P. Mau|)a.i again began business, this time at 585 Hudson street. New York, and in 1905 it became necessary to move into larger quarters. The firm then moved to 616-618 \\'est Forty-fourth street. New York, where it continued until the organization of the present company. I'or a long time Mr. Maupai had kept his eye on North Hudson. He knew there was an extensive field for his endeavors here. When the com- pany was organized it settled in West New \'ork, where it is the intention to remain. Principal patrons of the company are local silk mills. Officers of the company are: President and treasurer. V. P. Maupai; vice- president. E. E. Mau])ai. In this connection may be mentioned the progress of F. P. Maupai. founder of the company. He came to America thirty-one years ago, and was taught the dyeing business by an old and experienced (jerman dyer in Jersey City. He later worked in, Philadelphia. He came to New York in 1887, worked in the best dye houses there and established himself in business, as stated, in 1889. His si.in, E. E. Maupai. learned his trade in Germany. Switzerland and France. The comjtany has .American. English. Belgian and German patents for blending artificial silks and siiecial methods for d_\-eing the same. 76 IVllman lUitnk HUfarhny Citm^iany 5'r IS ii'H i^ciK-ralh kiiiiwii llial in Xurlli lIudMJii is located uiu- (it ihc iiiiist inipdrtant textile iiidiistfies diitside nf silk manufacture in the cnuntr\'. Vet this is the ease, the concern being the liellman I'.rook Fdeacher\- C/onipanv at Fairvicw. 'J'he business carried on b}- this company incluiles the bleaching, mercerizing, dyeing and fniishing of cotton goods in the jiiece. Its ^lperations are so extensive that it re(|uires the assistance of 2J5 employees. Hundreds of thousands of ilollars worth o| cotton goods are handled in the course of a year and the bleachery is one of the busy hives of industr\' in the countw which, because of its location, is hidden Iriini the ordinar\- ol>ser\'er. The plant occupied b_\" the I'lellnian llrook l!leacher\- L'onipan\ is a large one. It is just off the Hackensack I'lankroa.d in Fairview. Many who travel this road by trolley, auto or other means have wondered what the big jdant was and what was done there. If they happened to be about at the time of I'pening or closing the mills they saw an army of workmen such as they supposed could hardly exist outside of the l)ig cities or more thickh' settled communities. The Bellman Hmok Bleachery C'ompany was organized in 1905. It laid its base of operations along the little known Bellman Brook in Fairview, from which brook it takes its name. The concern is capitalized for $400,000. The stock is principally owned by its officers, wln) are all actively interested in the condtict of the business of the ])lant. These officers are: President. Benjamin I. \\'ard : treasurer, George \'an Keuren ; secretary. H. W. Beecher. These gentlemen are all well known in the business world. It is mostly because of the fact that their work is done for the trade and general advertising has not been recpiired that so little is known of the firm outside of its own particular working ground in Hudson County. .Among cotton goods manufacturers the firm is known far and wide. It is said that its processes for the work for which the conipanx' was organized are among the most a nian\' manufacturers of cotton goods to finish. (EuUtmlna ^ilk Surinij Mnrlui '•'I X none of the bigger concerns of the kind in the country is more care ^1 or pride taken in the work than that done by the Columbia Silk Dyeing ^^ Works of 316 Barclay street. West Hoboken. As a consequence the work of the concern has grown to splendid proportions since the erection of the plant a few years ago. .\ good deal of the silk made in North Hudson is dyed at this plant, and there are also customers from othc-r points where silk is made. The Columliia Silk Dyeing Works is splendidly equipped for the dyeing of silks of all kinds. The plant is not so large that a certain formula is used for big batches, trusting to the quality of the goods to take the colors properly. Every piece of goods brought to these works is examined carefully with a view to seeing how best it can be treated to obtain desired results. Because of this great care the silk dyed here is generally recognized among silk manufacturers as being dyed the best that skill and science can devise. Some manufacttirers believe it necessary to give the dyers instructions in their work, but those who deal with the Columbia people know that such instructions are not necessary there. 77 ^jy I I I-; jersey City Poster Advertising Lompany was established in 1S57 lj[ !)}• A. P. Rikeman, who was succeeded l)y Rikeman & O'Mealia, and ^^ later was incorporated as The Jersey City Billpostiiig, Display Adver- tising and Sign Company, with James F. (J'Mealia as president and H. F. O'Mealia as secretary. Later the name was changed to The Jersey City Poster Advertising Company. The business extends throughout Hudson County, with connections over the entire State of New Jersey. The connections also enable the company to cover the entire United States, Canada, Cuba, Hawaii and the Philippines. The company advertises Jersey City as "The Gateway to New York," and claims to have the greatest railroad showings in the world. In all its advertising matter, sent broadcast throughout the United States, it always endeavors to boom Jersey City. It owns 1500 large bulletins and billboards with a co\'ering surface of 100,000 square feet. The allied companies include the Jersey City, North Hudson, Bayonne, Hol)oken, Hackensack, Monmouth, .\sbury Park and Paterson Poster Ad- vertising Companies, and cover all trunk line railroads and terminals, all suburban railroads and terminals, all ferries to New York City from Jersey City, all large cities, all connecting trolley lines, the counties having the largest population in the State and the most prosperous towns with more than half the population (jf New Jersey. The company is in the metropolita,n district. The farthest town is within f(irlv-five minutes from Broadway. More people reside in this district wlm do business in New York City than reside in New York City itself. The railroad showing covers the Pennsylvania, Erie, Central of New lersev. West Shore and Lackawanna Railroads and their connecting lines, the Baltimore and Ohio, Philadeljihia and Reading, Lehigh X'alley, New- York, CJntario and A\'estern, .Susquehanna, Morris and Essex, Newark and New York, New York and Long Branch, Northern of New Jersev, New fersev and New York, and New York and Greenwood Lake Railroads. The billboards are all in prcjuiinent locations on boulevards, principal thoroughfares and drives and on trolley lines leading to all ferries to New Ynrk City, Brddklxn, Staten Island, Newark and suburbs, Rutherford, Pas- saic and Paterscjn. The population of this territory is composed of pros- perous, well-to-do people who appreciate billboard advertising. The company does house-to-house distributing. A regular force m' distributors wi^irks under the personal supervision of experienced foremen. It is a sign painter, and its bulletins are displayed in equally good posi- tions as its billboards. It employs only first-class painters. The cities and towns, with railroad showings, covered by the allied companies, follow: Jersev Citv District. — Jersey City, Bayonne, ^\'est Ho- Ixiken, West New York, Union Hill. Guttenberg, A\'eehawken, Homestead. New Durham, Tyler Park and Secaucus. Hoboken District. — Hoboken, Hackensack District. — Hackensack, Englewood, Fort Lee, Hasbrouck Heights, Kingsland, Leonia, Little Ferry, Lodi, Lyndhurst, Bogota, Carl- stadt. Cherry Hill, Coytesville, East Rutherford, Edgewater, iMaywood, Grantwood. Palisades Park, Ridgefield Park, Ridgefield, Tenafly, Teaneck, \Vestwood and Fairview. Keyport District. — Keyport and Matawan. As- bury Park District. — Asbury Park, Ocean Grove, Bradley Beach. Avon, Belniar, Spring Lake, Point Pleasant, Como. Sea Girt, Manasquan, Allen- hurst and Tom's River. James F. O'Mealia, present owner, is one of the best-known men in Jersey City. He is a leading member of the P>. P. < ). F. He is a hundred- point man in anything he undertakes. He acts his thought, and thinks little of the act. This has been ablv demonstrated bv the remarkable progress of the company. He is a member of the Jersey City Chamber of Commerce. Jj^^^p^u^^^t ICamp aiiii Win (En. A \l(i\'(i ihe largfer inanu- factiii'iiiij plants of North 1 iiidsDu is tliat of tlie In- ck-])i'niK'iU I, am;) and Wire Co. In.'., at 53'')-538 Gregory Ave- nnc, Wcehawken. This com- >anv, organized and incorporated nndcr tlic laws of Xew Jersey in ii)iJ. condncts two factories, I re at \'ork, I'a., and the otlier Iktc. The com])any is incor- piiratcd for $1,700,000. employs ill its local jilant 300 people, and has sa'e offices in all the large litic^i of tlie country. in the \\ cehav\ken liranch . re manufactured drawn wire I imgsten lani]is for train hgln- ing. autoniol)ilc head lights, signs, etc., and the regular hun|)s for illuinination of huildings. At York, Pa., asbestos insulated magnet wire for electrical machinery, field and armature coils are made. The ^^'eehawken hrancli was formerl}' the plant of the Heany Lamp Co.. which business was taken over l)\ the neve comj^anv. .^iinie of the largest steam and electric railroads, also leading manufactur- ing industries, use the products of this company, which S])eaks for their high clas... Instead of siJeiiding large sums for advertising it has been the policy of the president, Xathan Hofheinier, to pay high salaries and wages, thus insuring the best products. Under his management and that of (ieneral Manager D'-. A. J. Liebmann a sjilendid engineering organization has been built up. ( )fficers of the company, besides those mentioned, are: vice-president, E. R, Campbell; secretary-, R. R. Dana; treasurer, R. K. Dana. The director.s are: Xalhan Hofheinier. F. 11. Stew;'rt, Lester Hofheimer, G. VV. Dewey and E. R. Canipbcll. 79 Amrrirau IGraii l^nxni (Enmpauij ^^ HE factor)- of the American Lead Pencil Company, located at Fifth, llL Clinton. Grand streets, and Willow avenue, is the oldest factory in ^^ the United States, manufacturing a complete lead pencil. It was estab- lished about the year i860, and comprised at that time, one small building, located on the corner of Fifth and Clinton streets, which still stands, and is known as Building No. i. Since that time the growth of the factory has been a steady one. until at this time Building No. 21 is being erected. As the business grew from a comparatively small beginning, so has the number of employees. .At this date there are employed bv the company over 2,000 people. In addition to the manufacture of complete lead pencils. the\' also manu- facture penholders, rubber erasers, rubber bands, compasses, and kindred novelties. ,\11 these goods are subdivided into many styles and classes — for instance, there are manufactured in the Hoboken factory alone, over 500 diflFerent grades, classes and styles of black lead pencils, ranging from the ordinary kind to tlie very finest made anywhere in the world, namely, the "\'enns" Pencil. The graphite for these pencils comes chiefly from Bohemia and Mexico, the clay also from Bohemia, and the cedar from the company's forests in Tennessee and other Southwestern states. The rubber used for rubber tips on pencils, rubber erasers, and rubber bands, comes chiefly from Brazil. The graphite, clay, cedar and rubber are all received at Hoboken in the raw or natural state, and the complete work of manufacture of the lead pencils from their very inception, is done in the numerous departments of the company's factory. The crowning victory of the products of the .American Lead Pencil Com- pany Hoboken factory was the introduction of the "\'ENUS" Pencil, which today holds first place in pencildom the world over. No other American manufacturer has a pencil like it. It is made in seventeen different degrees — from the very softest to the very hardest known — as well as two copying degrees. In addition to the large factory at Hoboken. the American Lead Pencil Company has offices in Europe, four lumber mills in the South and South- west, and a factory in London. England, where certain European wants are taken care of. 80 Hrrntau (E. ^trtuhnff ^■r ( ) Hermann C. Steinhotif. whose hot houses and place of business are at l|i •,/?• Hudson Boulevard. West Hoboken. belongs a place among the ^^ leading florists of Xorth Hudson. His business is one that has been firmly established for many years past and one which will be conducted for many years to come because of its magnitude and prt)niinence. Mr. Steinliofl:' may also be classed as a progressive florist. He is one of those men naturally born for the work of a florist, and if he had the capital and backing necessary, there is no question that he would be the Luther Burbank of the fraternity of florists in this section. He is continually making improvements through experiments and the flowers and potted plants he raises are well known in the luetropolitan markets where he has a verv large trade. Of course, in common with other florists, Mr. Steinhoff caters to the markets and to the fashions in flowers, but while doing so he does not forget that every little while something of a new nature in horticulture is advanced. A pleasant half hour may always be spent with Mr. Steinhoff when he is at his place of business. His one hobby is flowers and plants. He under- stands them thoroughly. He knows their habits. He treats them as humans. He nurses and pets them — and they respond to his treatment by being bounteous in their reproduction. He has some interesting plants and is al- ways willing to show them and give their history to any one interested in his line of work. IGpuitB iHax IC fiMliM I'.W'IS .\1.\X was born in Russia, May 15, 1864. His parents were Harry and Rose Max. His father died when Lewis was but five years of age. He started to work as a mason's helper when a mere boy and has received no education except what he has learned through actual business experience. He has risen to a position of prom- inence in Jersey City's business world, is well known in charitable circles, is a member of the (ierman Hospital and many other organizations and in- stitutions. He is president nf the Clinton .Amusement and Improvement Compan\- and a directnr nf the Denver Consumptixe .Sanitarium. He is among the largest jjroperty owners and realty dealers in Jersey City. When Mr. Max arrived in America he settled in Jersey City and secured work as a glazier on a large farm. Since then his progress has been remark- able, the more so because he has always been a liberal man, and any charitable movement of any importance will usually find him a supporter. He has bulit up a big business in glass at 52-56 Greene street, and nine years ago he purchased the old \'reeland estate on Bergen avenue, Jersey (_"ity. and has converted it into a handsome home. His work is found in many large buildings in Xew York and throughout the country. Besides his own he has raised two families, one his brother's and one his sister's, who both died while the children were young. There has never been any distinction between these and his own children and they yet dwell together in perfect harmony. His hobby is his home. 81 (iarimrr Sc Mttks (Eo. -jr Hl*^ history uf the Gardner & Meeks Company, retail dealer in lumber, ll is \v(>rth\- nf much more extensive sjjace than can be given it in a work ^^ sucli as this. Fnunded in i85_'. it is the second oldest concern of its kind in Hud.son County. Its operations have carried it thmugh the great civil war of 1861 to 1865, during which time it escaped the fate of so many enterprises which were forced to the wall. From the inception of the business, which was founded by Robert Gardner, it has flourished. Year after year has added to the general popularity of the firm among contractors because satisfaction was sure by dealing with the concern. It has always maintained an integrity second to nunc in the county and that integrity is carefully preserved by its present i.'fhcers. The main office and yards of the company are located at Hudson avenue and Union street. Union Hill. Besides this there is a dock and storage yard at Guttenberg. At both the main yard and storage yard there is always a large stock of lumber constanth- on hand. \\'here in stressful times other companies have compelled patrons to wait until their orders could first be obtained, the (jardner & Meeks Company cnuld always deliver promptly any order left with it at any time. There are twenty-four emjdoyees of the firm and lhe_\' are grouped into an organization of the utmost efficiency. That is one of the strong points of the Gardner &: Meeks Companv, and it is because of efficiency in manage- ment and efficienc}- in the disposition of its workmen that it has weathered the storms of hard times and the fair weather of business prosjierity with- out ever once having its integrity impaired. When it was organized the office of the company was in Hoboken. liut it was later moved to Union Hill and it has been at its ])resent loca- tion for a numlier of vears past. Being centrally located it is in a position to give the nidst excellent service to its patrons, a fact which is generally appreciated b\- contractnrs and others wlm want lumber when they want it. Because of this fact the lousiness has grown and is growing as prolialdy no other lumber supply firm in the countv has grown. At present the firm is entirel\- in the hands of the Meeks family. The officers are: President and treasurer, Hamilton \'. Meeks; vice-])resident, Clarence G. Meeks; secretary, Howard \". Meeks. Each of the officers has his w in the modern bakery is an electric mixer ma- nipulating as much tiour and dough as a thousand bakers with ten thousand wooden spoons could accomplish a few years ago. Machinery vibrating to the slightest push of an electric button, is doing the work much better, cheaper and in a more sanitary manner than ever was dreamed of by the old time baker of but a few years ago. The progressi\-e bakers, of whom McCafifery occupies a prominent place, have brought together two essential factors for the success of business in- telligence and labor with a result that they occupy a position among the foremost business men of the county. They bake bread that is plain and wholesome and cake made with pure flour, fresh eggs and genuine extract flavoring. McCaftery is among those bakers who voluntarily spend thousands of dollars in machinery and clean surroundings, insuring the public bread and cake untouched by human hands in its preparation because they realize that it is by this methi>d that they will win the confidence of the public in their various enterprises. The boss baker of today, and more especially Mr. McCafifery, is a business man, as well as bakers. They sit in their offices managing their businesses and they see to it that among their workmen there is none of the perspiration and grime with dough and flour clinging to them as was the case a few vears a^o. 85 Ammon & Jj'J^^ou ^^ HE FIRAI of Ammou & Person, founded in 1891 b}- W". E. Ammon and U^\ \Vm. Person, has done more, perhaps, to popularize the use of Jnitterine ^^ (official name oleomargarine) than any other manufacturer and handler of this product in this country, if not in the entire world. From its inception the firm of Ammon & Person began the education of the public in the processes which go to make up this product now so ex- tensively used as a substitute for butter. They showed how by sanitary manufacture a product even more clean and wholesome and altogether better for human consumption than ordinary butter could be obtained at a much less cost to the consumer. The one product during all this time of this firm has been handled under the copyrighted name of Baby Brand Butterine. Done up in neat and attractive packages this product has attained a remark- able sale throughout the East. Some seventy-five employees are necessary to turn out the demanded product of Baby Brand Butterine at the present time. The firm is capitalized at $100,000.00, all paid up. None of the stock is for sale and the corporation is a close one, the business was incorpora.ted in 1908. The officers of the corporation are: President. J. J. Baumann : vice-president. C. D. Boyd; sec- retary and treasurer. D. \'an Ness Person. The office and warehouse of the company are at Fourth and Henderson streets. |ersev Citv, and the factories are located in Columl)us. O.. and Chicago, 111. Here, under special sanitary conditions Baby Brand Butterine is churned. There is no secret in the process of manufacture. N'isitors are welcome and shown through the plant at any time. The most cleanly conditions pre\ail. The workmen must all be cleanly dressed and their hands and persons must be scrupulously clean. Only the best and purest of butter oils and fats are used in the manufacture. The finished ])roduct is moulded in oblong bars and neatly wrajjped in waxed paper, placed in an attractive carton and carried to the refrigerating plant where it is kept awaiting delivery. So poptilar has the use of Baby Brand Butterine become that thousands of dealers throughout the East handle and sell this product. The business is constantly increasing and more than once the working force has had to be added to in order to supply the demand. By the process of manufacture as practiced bv Ammon & Person this product is not only attractive to the eye, but to the taste as well. Many consumers prefer it to butter. There is none of the flat taste which used to characterize oleomargarine when it was first introduced. Baby Brand Butterine is a delicacy, as well as a necessity, to many well ordered tables. Baby Brand Butterine has been recognized by pure food experts as an altogether satisfactory substitute for butter because of its purity and whole- some ingredients. Chemical analysis has shown it to contain onlv recognized liealth-giving foest Polic}." Every business courtesy and special advantage offered hv the house is extended to its patrons. There are no secrets in the house of Stewart. Anyone who wants to sec how furniture and pianos are stored or how carpets, rugs and all floor covering are cleanecl. is welcome at the establishment at any time. The building has been erected with a special view of facilitating the business of the cimipany. The basement floors are paved with a heavy bed of cement ; dust-proof, rat ])roof, fire-proof, and water-proof. The other floors are of the most S(^lid timbers and iron, including the graceful clock tower which surmnunts the building. In the basement is a powerful Corhss engine of a most superior make. Xo fire is permitted in the buiUling or an\ smoking allowed, which is so often the cause of fires ; nor is an\ buiUling better provided with means for extinguishing fire should an}- happen to break out. In the separate building, wdiich is devoted tn carpet cleaning, are the ma- chines and appliances by means of which the work of cleansing and renovating is done, S])ecial machinery for Inclia and Ttirkish rugs, draperies and delicately woven fabrics. A glance .it the operation of these will convince anybody how thorough and perfect is their work. The machinery l:)eats on the back and brush- es on the face, acting uniforml)- on every square inch of the fabric. X(j violence is done to the face of the car]jet. The dust, moths, and refuse bli^wn and driven the company, render them thoroughly moth-proof, and store them safely. Then, when >ou want them they will he laid in the l:)est st\le for you. all at reasonable cost. The storage business includes all kinds. The comijartments are of various sizes. Partitions are all of iron. Each room is tightl_\- closed, but perfectly ventilated and each lot of goods is stored under separate lock and key. There are separate rooms tor pianos, organs, mirrors, bronzes, statuary, bric-a-brac, trunks, carriages, in which special care is bestowed on these articles. -\lso rooms for general merchandise of every description. In the moving of furniture, pianos, etc.. the same care and et¥icienc\' ]ire- vail. The vans are padded and enclosed and are in charge of capable and com- jietent men. Goods are moved anywhere by road, rail or water. In sjjeaking of a business of this nature the man at the helm is to be coii- sitlered. Mr. .Stewart was born in New York. November 23rd, 1856. He was educated in the public schools of West Hoboken. graduating with the highest 88 lienors when but twelve am! a halt years of age. He learned the carpet clean- ing business with hi> uncle. Tluimas Marshall Stewart, in New ^'l)rk, starting as office boy and being repeatedly promoted until eventually a partner in the busi- ness. He is a member of the Carteret and the Down Town Clubs, and of all the civic and charitable institutions, including president of Xewman Industrial Home; president Team Owners" .\ssu. of Hudson Countv. of lersev Citv. Mr. Stewart was married at West Hoboken, X. J., Fel)ruary 12, 1885. to Cornelia lianta, (daughter of (ieorge IJ. and Emily I'.anta) the union bringing seven children: Thomas J., Jr.: Cornelia: Arthur 1.: Haxel ; Robert ( i. ; and Oliver R. Stewart. ( Russel H .Stewart ileceased.) They have a beautiful colonial residence in Jersey City. Mr. .Stewart is a Republican in State and National politics, but is independent in local offices. He is an ex-vice-president of the Board of Trade of Terscv City, now the Chamber of Commerce. Amrrtran Nnitrltif JPrinttuii nu^ iEmbnaaing E^orks a 1, TOGETHER interesting is the history and business of the American I\ Novelty Printing and Embossing Works at Third and Clinton Streets, '• ' Hoboken. This business is carried nn by John F. McCowan, ex- ecutor of the estate of John McCowan. It consists of printing and em- bossing on fabrics manufactured for the domestic wholesale trade, at which one hundred employes are constantly engaged. The founder of the business, John McCowan, was born at Bar Head, Scotland, in 1839. He served his apprenticeship as block printer, the main style of textile printing at that time. He came to America in 1868. where he also worked as block printer, lie founded the present business three years later in 1871, and successfully conducted it until his death in 1911. John F. McCowan. until his father's death, was general manager of 'he business, and has had a thorough training and experience in all branches of the business. Each department is supervised by a competent foreman under the direction of James Dunsmore, superintendent, who has had an international experience in the printing and finishing of textiles. When the firm was founded it was as a block printing establishment. It theit branched out into narrow ribbon, surface machine printing. It perfected the narrow warp i)rinting for ribbons, and this gradually developed into its largest business. \\'ithin recent years the firm has put in a broad silk printing plant for the printing of broad silks, chiffons and warps. In 19 10, when the firm bought the present plant, it had four printing ma- chines. It now has fifteen machines. It is the largest printer of narrow fabrics and warps doing business today. The firm has also intalled, the last few years, a large nymlier of other textile machines for the handling of broad and narrow fabrics. The firm acts as a converter and prints only on other people's fabrics which are sent to be printed or con^•erted into artistic designs, such as floral effects, stripes, plaids or other designs which the trade may demand. It makes a specialty of warp printing with a reputation second to none. With the large equipment of machiner\- the firm is able to handle a large quantity of material at short notice. 89 Nput f 0rk anit Nrm ilprapif (Urrmatnru 3N a .section like Xurtli HuiIsdii. where magnificent accomplishment is tlie rule rather than the exceptiun, it is but fitting that the best equipped crematory in the wnrkl should have its home. The New York and New Jersey Crematory, situated on the Hudson Boulevard, opposite Humboldt street, is all that is claimed for it in this respect and all that the progressive management nf a1)le business men can make it. Its magnificent building stands far back in an extensi\'e park of five acres, which gives the place the atmosphere of some restful institution rather than a place for last sad rites !■ ir the dead, yet it fairly breathes that dignity and refinement which we ac- !;iirany knowvi and was the subject of mucli comment by technical ])a]3ers in Europe as well as in the United States. The firm supplied two pile drivers for driving the foundations for the Hali- fax piers for the Canadian government. These hammers are the largest in the world and drove r.ioo 24x24x')0 to qq feet long concrete piles without breaking one. The firm has branches in Koston, Chicago, San Francisco, Los Angeles, New Orleans, Montreal, Toronto, N'ancouver, Dallas, Baltimore, Philadelphia, Seattle and Atlanta, besides representatives in twenty-seven other cities in the United States and Canada. It exports to every country in Europe and South America, also the Far East, Canada and Mexico. It ships to every state in the imion and its annual output is enormous. With such a business as that of the Union Iron Works there must neces- sariK l)e a very efficient organization and it has Ijecn the aim of the company to build this up to a high standard of excellence during its whole Inisiness career. There has never been any labor troubles with the L'nion Iron Works and there never will be so long as the present management continues, for it is the belief of those in charge that men and employes are human and should be treated as such. Tile officers of tl^ company are : President. M. Schalscha ; secretary and treasurer. W. (j. Schalscha. 92 1. Atkinsim (En. IR u AkI) A TKINSON, found- er vere in vogue pre^•ious to the Civil War, was made at these shops. In 1874 Richard Atkinson retired leav- ing the business in the hands of his son. Thomas W . .\tkin~iai. whu in turn retired in 18S5 ami turned the works over to his nephew. \\"m. H. Atkinst)n, who now conducts it. The old West Street stand was abandoned in 1888, and the business moved to Fourteenth Street, Hoboken. and linally passing to its present location in 1903. where it was incorporated. During all this time the entire three generations have steadily retained the same customers, among them being the North German Lloyd Steamship Company, which has remained on the l)ooks for more than fifty years. Be- sides the harbor trade, mining machinery, dredges and dredging machinery have been built and shipped to all parts of the world. This firm lately built the steel work for the largest copper smelting furnace in the world, and the conveying machiner\' for handling the outjjut for the same furnace. 93 J. IB. Jansscn )h!|)inent. This acts as the most thorough protection of the consumer. \\'ith other dealers the milk is sent in cans to the distributors and is Pasteurized by them. This gives the germs in the milk a chance to develop for several hours before Pasteurization. With Janssen's milk no chance is given the germs to ilevelo]) at all. The milk is Pasteurized jiractically as soon as it comes from the cow. Xot only is the milk sold by Mr. Janssen made doubly safe in the manner (lescrihcd. hut thi mode and manner of shipment insure the consumer fresher milk than that obtained of the ordinary purveyor of milk, there being at least a difference of twenty-four hours in distribution. .\.n\one can readily see the advantage of olitaining strictly fresh and perfectly I'asteurizecl milk at the same time. It means more wholesome and healthier milk in every way than that obtained through the ordinary channels of distribution. 94 This extreiiK' care in the milking and Pasteurization of the milk handled hv Air. jansscn is characteristic of the man himself. Clean-cut. honest ami whole- some in every way, he demands, and obtains, the same characteristics in the products he handles. He is a man who himself is satisfied with none but the ')est and who believes that his patrons are entitled to the best ])roduct and the best service it is possible to obtain. He measures the desires of his ])atrons by his own characteristic of wanting only the best, and he impresses those witli whom Ik- has dealings of bis absolute desire and ability to give them what they want. Time was when such care as ihis was regarded as only an extra and uuneces- -ary expense in production. .Mr. Janssen, however, has worked on the ]5rinciple ".hat b\' taking extreme caution and letting his i)atrons know he is doing it, and why, that his irade would increase and jrofits come in this way quicker and more surely than by sa\'ing at the expense of quality and service, which would con- tinually liear an ever increasing crop of malcontent consumers. That he is right is i)roven by the wonderful increase in his trade, which has not only made his new i-.uilding a ])ossibility, but an absolute necessity in order to meet the continually nicreasing denianroker at 214 First street. Hobcjken, is one Tpl (if those men nne sometimes meets who regards his Inisiness as a part '^'^ of himself and who does everything in his power to make that btisiness res])ected by all. Mayer believes that his business should be his first con- sideration, that the protection of pledges left him by his patrons is of para- mount im])ortance. that the ordinary man does not care so much for the man with whom lie is dealing as for the manner in which he is dealt with, that the more a man does to make his business reputable the larger patronage he will get. that honesty and fairness toward those with whom he deals will reap its own reward, and that no one can afford, under any circumstances, to lose the respect and confidence of those with whom business relations throw him in contact. With such principles as these the business of l)a\id Mayer has grown and i)ros])ered. His business was started in 1890 in Jersey City. It rapidly outgrew the limited space he had and he moved to 74 Washington street. Hoboken. in 1894. Even this location soon l^ecame too small and he moved into his present place of liusiness in 1903. Two years ago he remodeled this place at an enormous expense, installing a burglar and fire proof vault, the onh- one of its kind in the State of New Jersey for men in his class of business. This was done for the protection of pledges left in his care. He states that it is a source of satisfaction to hear the man}- complimentary re- marks from his patrons regarding the care taken of pledges and the courteous treatment received at his hands and those of his employees. Courtesy is demanded from everyone about his premises to patrons and prospective patrons. All are treated with great courtesy and consideration. Mr. Mayer loans money on watches, diamonds and jewelry only. His charges are as low as the careful conduct of his business will permit. No pledge is ever sold if he sees a chance of the patron redeeming it. Purchasers find his place a bargain counter, for he is content with small profits. His treatment of patrons is generous in the extreme. All these attributes ha\e combined to make the man and jilace of Inisiness of Daxid Mayer regarded highly. 96 }p. SJinillar^ OInmpautr /.^|\ F all the industries of Hudson County that vi the 1'. I.drillard Com- IIlJ pany. nianul'aeturers of more than one hundred and sixty dilYerent ^-^ brands of snuft', tobacco, cigars and cigarettes, has the most extensive and interesting history. 'Way back in the days before the l\e\olution. while (ieorge Wash- ington was still a bo\% the industrial seed was planted which has since bloomed into the tremendous plant of the P. Lorillard Company. This concern now is not only Jersey City's largest manufacturer and employer of men, but one of the world's greatest enterprises. The story of this dexelopment down through the years is most inter- esting. From the beginning it is one of great success — -of big accomplish- ments by each succeeding generation of Lorillards — down to the present successful management. In 1760 Pierre Lorillard, a French Huguenot, began the manufacture of snuff in a mill in the Bronx, New York City. The mill was operated by water power and is still standing in what is now the Botanical Garden at a point near the Mansion. It is pointed out as one of the original New York's oldest landmarks. From the year 1800 the direction of the business was carried on from Chatham Street, which was at that time the High Road from New York City to Boston. This arrangement continued until the usee of the Bronx mill was discontinued and the entire business was removed across the Fast River to Brooklyn. .\t the death of Pierre Lorillard he bequeathed the business to his widow, who. in turn at her death, bequeathed it to her two sons, Peter and ( ieorge. In 1832 George died, and Peter Lorillard, after managing the already ex- tensixe property alone for a time, turned it over to his son and namesake, who successfully conducted the business for nearly thirty years. Peter then turned it over to his sons, Peter. Jr., and George. The ^■ear of 1870 marked a new and important epoch in the concern's history. For at that time the Inisiness was entirely removed to in First Street, Jersey City — the manufacture of tobaccos was begun in addition to that of snufifs — and the present firm name of P. Lorillard Company was adopted. In 1884 the firm comprised Peter Lorillard, Peter Lorillard, Jr.. N. Griswold Lorillard and Charles Siedler. Mr. Siedler retiring in De- cember. 1887. In 191 1 the P. Lorillard Co. moved its general offices, together with part of its manufacturing plant, to Newark Avenue and Senate Place. Jersey Citv. The Lorillard building consists of two wings each six stories high, 250 feet long and 100 feet wide. Five thousand people are employed in this one plant; 3.000 more are given employment at the concern's tobacco factory at 1 1 1 First Street and its cigar factory at 104 First Street. Thomas T- Maloney, for years prominently connected with the admin- istration of Jersey City's affairs, and who has done much in the building- up of its working conditions, is now president of this gigantic concern. Mr. Maloney became connected with the concern over twenty-eight years ago. He is a native of New Jersey and has always been an active cham- pion of her interests. The P. Lorillard Co. makes more than 160 different brands of tobaccos, cigarettes and cigars. It is the largest manufacturer of cigars and little cigars in the world. This is due partly to the tremendous yearly sales of the famous Rose De \'alle high-grade cigars and Between the Acts little cigars. This concern is also one of the biggest manufacturers pf tobacco, making all kinds of tobaccos, among the oldest being Century and Climax. Climax plug tobacco, originated by the Lorillard Co., was the first tobacco 97 to which a tin tag was attaclicd as a trade-mark. Centur}-, tine cut. has been used Ijv thousands of men throughout their lives. Many of its patrc^ns are now between .seventy and eighty years of age. and they are still using Century tobacco. The cigarette busine?s of the Lurillard LVunpany is also tremendous. This is best illustrated in the fact that out of a total increase of two and a half billion cigarettes for the year 1913, one and a half billion of thi^ increase was obtained by the Lorillard Company. Some of the cigarette brands made bv the concern are Egyptian Deities, Turkish Tro])hies. Mogul. Murad. Hclmar. London Life. Zira and Nebo. Level Head, a prominent brand of chewing and snn)king tobacco, was especially put on the market to give the working man the fullest possible measure of fine tobacco at the lowest possible price. But notwithstanding innumerable such successes, Mr. Maloney was not content until he put on the market a high class blended Burley tobacco, put up in tins. This was the only kind of tobacco which the I^orillard Company did not make, and as there were several brands of this class alrea(h- enjoving an extensive sale, Mr. Maloney had an exceedingly difficult problem to face, both in obtaining a better blend and creating a market for it. In the Burle\- mixture which Mr. Maloney named Stag — and in the method he adopted in marketing it in tins of half the usual quantity at Sc — Mr. Malonev distinguished himself both as an expert lilender and merchan- diser of tobaccos. It has been on the market but eighteen months, yet its sales during last year compared most favorably with the sales of similar tobaccos which have been made and sold for many years. Besides the main branch the company owns and operates branches at 104 and Tii First Street, jersey City; S. Anargyros, 1310 Avenue A, New York: Baltimore, Md. ; Wilmington, Del.; Lancaster, Pa.; Richmond, \'a.; Middletown, Ohio; the Federal Cigar Company and Luhrman and W'ilbern Tobacco Comiiany. Such an enterprise as this is of inestimable value to the section in which it operates, and much of the prosperity of that section of the county is due to the wages and salaries it disburses among its thousands of em- ployes. The capacity of tiie main houses and its branches is practically unlimited for the supph- of its products, which are recognized intcrna- tionall}' as the liest in their line the market can sup|)ly. 98 ^auagr lakittxj (Unmpauy AMUNG the most imi)ortant of tlie sanitary hake shops in iluclson County is that conducted l)y the Sa\age liaking- Conipauv at 186 (irirtitli street, Jersey City Heig'iits. The Inisiness was founded in i(;i_' ijy A. J''. Sa^■age, who had heen a l)aker in Jirooklyn, and who some Tiine years ago came to Hudson Count}-, saw an opening in the Hudson City section and began the manufacture of IjakestutYs there in the okl way. Mr. Sa\age was alway.s a progressive baker and for inan\- years he liad the idea of a model Ijakery and at the first opportunit}- that presented itself established this business which has grown to mammoth i;)roportions. The company is incorporated for $25,000. This capital is all paid in and there is none of the stock for sale. Mr. Savage is, of course, the principal stockiiolder and president of the company, and it is under his direction that much of tin- progress that has been made was possible. Other officers and stockholders of the company are: ( lertrudc K. .Savage, who is secretary and treasurer, and Emmett Casterlin, who is vice-president. The board of directors includes the officers and it is a close corporation con- ducted as a family affair. The chief business of the company is the baking of home made white bread. This is distril)uted throughout all of Hudson County^ and a part of Essex and Bergen Counties as well. Thirty-three wagons and drivers are constantly employed in the distribution, which is so arranged that it is pos- sible for the customer farthest away from the bakeshop to have fresh bread before Ijreakfast each morning. A large part of the trade consists of supply- ing grocers, delicatessen stores and branch bakeries. Eor the purely local trade buns, etc., are also baked daih', but this is but a small part of the trade. The company employs fifty-five workmen constantly in the making and distribution of its bakestufifs. This is a large organization for this class of business in the county and therefore it ranks among the first industries of the kind here. The l)ake shop is modern in every respect. There are machine mixers and everything that can possi])ly be handled by sanitary machinery is so handled. All machinery must be scrupulously clean, the bakers must don freshly laundered garments and have ideally clean hands and bodies before they are permitted to work. After baking, the foodstuffs are handled in a most sanitary manner, from the oven to the counters and wagons and thence to the patrons of the concern. Mr. Savage is justly i)roud of his success in the bread baking and dis- tributing lines. His is n delixer a high class product. Mr. Sa\-age has been a. pioneer in Hudson Couiitx' along the home made bread baking and delivery lines. Long before the present model establish- ment was built he was conducting a lucrative business. Long before the laws made sanitary bake shops compulsory, Mr. Sava.ge \vas conducting a shop which was talked about favorably by all who visited it. But the present business and building is the crowning glory of his work in Hudson County. \\'hatever further development there may be will be along the lines of natural growth, for there can be no improvement in the mode and manner of handling the product of the Savage Baking Cotn|)any"s ovens. 99 iHountaiu Jre (Eom^anij JN the Mountain Ice Company, with its main office at 51 Newark Street. Hoboken, (and with branches in the principal cities in New Jersey and 1 'ciins\l\ania), Hudson iDunty can Isoast of one of the largest dis- tribute irs lit natural ice to be f(_)untl in the entire country. The company was inc(ir])orated .March 17. 1902. Its chief officers are: H. \\'. Bahrenburg. president and general manager; E. P. Kingsbury, secretary and treasurer: J. H. Donnelly, assistant secretary and treasurer. Upwards oi 3,000 people are employed during the har\esting season and i .000 during the shipping and sales season. The company is the outgrowth of the ice business established in 1877 l)y Cooper & Hewitt at Cireenwood Lake, and Howell Brothers at Fox Hill in 1888, with capacities of 38,000 and 20,000 tons, respectively. The now famous Pocono Mountain section in PennsyUania was opened up to this industry in [P90. The capacities of these plants in Northern New Jersey and the Pocono scctiini (if Pennsylvania have grown under the management of the new com- l)any until the combined storage capacity now aggregates more than 1.000,000 tons. Shortly after the incorporation of the Mountain Ice Company the man- agement realized the importance of surrounding the harvesting and sale of its product with all possible sanitary precautions. It was one of the first ice companies in the United States to adopt the use of the large seven-bar planer, by which from three to twelve inches of the top surface is removed at the time of storage, thus making the ice stored free from any possible con- tamination or snow ice from the surface during harvesting. It was the first company to wash and flush the cars with well water under high pressure tc insure a clean car, the first to adopt the use of a sanitary paper for the cover- ing and protection of ice in transit, and the first ice company in this part of tlie country to abandon the use of salt or marsh hay and sawdust (for insu- lating purposes) in direct contact with the ice; thus insuring absolute clean- liness in storage. The company engages an eminent chemist annually to make '-anitar\- surveys and analyses of the water and ice at the \-arious mountain lakes. These surveys show the ice at the time of storage to be almost sterile and cntireh' suital)le for domestic use. (Copies of these surveys are fur- ;iished ui)on request). In addition thereto these properties are operated umler the supervision of the Natural Ice Association of America whose sanitary sur\-evs and bacteriological analyses are mafle annually. |)rior td the fur- nishing of emblems of certification of the purity (if their product. This ice when melted, makes drinking water purer than the best spring water on the market at about one-third the cost, as nine pounds of ice will make a galhrn (if water. X'aridus manufacturers whd require soft water f(ir specific purposes also melt natural ice. as the water from melted ice is soft and is highly recommended in the sick room, where pure soft water is re- (|uired for the patient or convalescent. Man}- druggists use this melted ice instead of distilled water in making up their jirescriptions because they realize the great advantage of it being li\ing water, instead of dead, as is all distilled water. The economical housewife no hmger regards ice as a lu-\ur^^ but looks upon it as a medium to aid in the reduction of the household expenses, as it enables her to purchase vegetables and fruits in larger quantities at reduced cost and keep them in conditi(jn by means of home refrigeration. The house- wife also realizes the fact that it is economical to have her ice chest suf- ficiently large to enable her to purchase ice in quantities of 100 pounds and over. This means fewer deliveries, less annoyance and larger storage capacit\- f(ir fruits, vegetables, meats and the ''left overs" from \arious meals. Pamphlets covering the purity of ice by eminent bacteriologists and epi- demiologists such as Dr. Eugene H. Porter, health commissioner of New York : C. E. .\. \\'inslow, assiiciatc nrofessor of biology. College of New York ; 100 Dr. W. T. Sedgwick, professor of biology, MassachuseUs Institute of Technology; Edwin (). Jordan, i'h. D., professor of bacteriology. University of Chicago; John C. Sparks, B. S., water expert for the city of New York: M. J. Rosenau, i)rofessor of preventive medicine and hygiene, Harvard Medical School, Boston; Dr, Hibbert W. I-Iill, director of division of epi- demiology, Minnesota State Board of Health; George C. Whipple, C E., pr.;- fessor of sanitary engineering, Harvard College; Edward Bartow, director Illinois State \\'ater Survey, and other eminent scientists will be furnished in application. Although ice has been used for all purposes to which it is now put from the earliest times of which we have any written record, it is true of it, as of other articles of common and familiar use. that few people are familiar with its structure and its physical, chemical and bacteriological nature. If there is ice enough to cool foods or beverages in warm weather, the public is satis- fied and leaves the inquiry into the history and physical characteristics of it to the scientists. Nevertheless, there are many interesting facts about ice which reveal it as one of the most remarkable products of nature. ( )ne distinguishing peculiarity is that although cold contracts all (ither known substances, ice is an expansion of water caused by the action of low temperature, ^\'ater contracts as it cools until it reaches 39.1 degrees F., when it is at its greatest density, but from that temperature down to 32 degrees F., water expands, and when it turns into ice it occupies i, 11 more space than it did as water. Ice is a crystal, and of whatever matter a crystal may be formed, it is always true that the crystal represents the purest possible state of that material. Every act of crystallization is one of puri- fication. The same is true of ice, which is the purest form of the water on which the ice grows. Although ice is described as a crj-stal, it is more accurate to refer to it as a union of crystals, because it is built up of an infinite number of crystal- lizations of particles of water. As the water in a pond or on a stream approaches the freezing point, here and there over its surface, there spring into being slender slivers of ice, and by watching closely it is possible to see one of these crystals join itself to another and others to them, until the whole surface of the water is covered. These crystals are practically pure water, for, as they form and as they unite to other crystals, they mechanically push aside any suspended matter in the water, whether dirt or sand or the salts held in solutioi: in all natural water. The crystals even exclude from their mass, bacteria which are always present in every body of water. The well-known fact that the ice formed on the ocean is practically fresh, shows how salts in solution are excluded from the ice. So strong is the affinity of these crystals, one for the other, that to their union they admit no particle of matter other than water in its purest state. We know the facts of this union and this aftinity which are proved by many investigations and from ordinar}' observation, but we do not know why they unite, nor why one crystal builds itself upon another. It is this force of crystallization and this power of exclusion of all other matter which makes natural ice a product apparently designed by nature for the protection and preservation of food and for the benefit of mankind. Long investigations of hundreds of sources of ice supplies by many dift'erent authorities in the United States and abroad, prove conclusively that ice is from 95 to 99% purer than the water on which it forms, always, and that this purity refers not alone to the absence of matter suspended or floating in the water, but to bacteria as well. Even from polluted streams, where large quantities of bacteria are found, the ice will contain such a very small per- centage of the number in the water as to make the reduction almost unbelievable. Sanitarians state that in view of this fact, if there is absolutely no other ice supplv for a community than water more or less polluted, it would be permissible to use ice from such a source. They are safe in making that assertion because, so far in the history of the world, there has never been any disease traced to the use of natural ice. lOI In the text books of a decade ago instances were cited by sanitarians where epidemics of typhoid were alleged to have been caused by ice, but recent investigations have led such an authority as Professor William T. Sedgwick of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology-, and Dr. Eugene H. Porter, for many years Health Commissioner of New York State, to declare that they have no faith in the allegations made against natural ice in the instances referred to. but are inclined to belie\e that the charges weie the result of faulty conclusions from insufficient data. As Professor Sedgwick well says, "If ice were capable of causing disease, we wotild then have the great epidemics of typhoid in mid-summer when ice is most used, when, as a matter of fact, such epidemics occur in the late fall and in the early spring when practically no ice is used by a large proportion of the public." Other investigators, including the Hygienic Laboratory of the United States Public Health Service, agree in these conclusions. Thus natural ice has a clear record from the days prior tci the Christian era down to the present time. This is attested, in another and curious way, by the fact that although there are 134 words in the English language which are combined with the word ice, and although it is found in twelve other modern languages, not a single one of any of these words has anything to do with disease or disaster or with any utensils nr iirecatitions or methods needed for the jiurification of or protection fnmi ice. In all the centuries thai mankind has used ice and has been familiar with it, in no clime and under no circumstances has it been found necessary to coin a word ascril^ing to it any evil tendency or possibility Auu. Mam' (Erntral l^ntpl anii i^nfbrauhaita AUG. iMUUS' Central Hotel and lb iflirauhaus at jog River street, corner Second street, Hoboken, is one of the most unique buildings for the entertainment of men to be found in the county. Air. AIoos started in the restaurant business sixteen years ago and eight years ago purchased a part of the property on which the Hofbrauhaus stands and built upon it, adding to it as patronage demanded. His place soon attained fame in both the old and new world for its splendidlv furnished and equipped rooms, and two years ago he added the Hofbrauhaus to his hotel business. It is unsurpassed for the brilliant socia- bility known to the (ierman as "( iemuetlichkeit." The decorations are orig- inal and consist mainly of reproductions of the sketches of Germany's most famous artist, the late Baron \"on Reznicek. Its cuisine is second to none in the metropolitan district and leading men of all professions patronize it. The Central Hotel and Hofbrauhaus is located directly opposite the Hamburg-.A^merican and the North German Lloyd .Steamship lines, is easily accessible from all local railroad lines and is within ten minutes nf the theatrical, shopping, financial and business districts of New York. 102 A. IG. JtuMaii Sc (Ed. ■*jr O A. L. Findlay & Cu.. pawnbrokers at 456 First street, llcihoken, be- li\ longs the honor of l^ringing to tlie name of pawnbroker more dignity ^^ Uian has usually been associated with that class of business. They conduct pawnbroking on a purely business scale, recognizing the fact that patrous of these establishments like to be treated fairly and in the same man- ner as patrons of other commercial and industrial enterprises. It is this class of treatment that is accorded them at the hands of this progressive firm and because of it they are not made to feel that they have committed something disgraceful in being compelled to temporarily part with some personal pos- session to raise money ior emergencies. The manager and proprietor of this establishment i- Andrew L. Findlay. He was born in Scotland and is now a naturalized citizen of the United States. He started in business in 1893 and was ten years in one place. He retired and for a year far inactive. For three and one-half years he was connected with another establishment and then re-established himself in his present location in 1909. He had a rather hard struggle to influence capital in a business of this kind, but finally succeeded in conxincing men with monev that a pawnbroker was not necessarily a moral Pariah. Mr. Findlav has strong opinions regarding his business. He says it can be made as clean as any other business, providing the man who conducts it is clean himself. The business is governed by the law, and he believes that every pawnbroker, like himself, should live strictly up to the legal require- ments. Financed properly by the right people he believes pawnbroking is on a par with banking. The pawnbroker accommodates the poor, with proper security. The banker finances the rich, with proper security. Mr. Findlay says pawnbroking is not necessarily a business which takes advantage of the poor, but one which should accommodate those middle class people who have no financial standing and can get no bank accommodations. He says if salaried men who patronize loan sharks would study the advantages to be derived from dealing with honest pawnbrokers, they would be much better off financiallv. 103 Irunaiutrk ICamtiiru vi*|*().ST rumarkable in its scope has been the growth of the Brunswick ^jirl Laundry on Germania Avenue, the recent improvements in this won- '^*^ derful enterprise and its service being the erection of a two-storv structure, 50x140 fee,t. on Tonnele Avenue, Jersey City, to be used as a shipping room and a garage for the large number of automobiles and electric motors by means of which Hudson, Essex and Bergen Counties are covered weekly. Together with the large two-story building on Germania Avenue, which is used for laundry purposes exclusively, it makes the Burnswick far and away the largest laundry in the State. Formerly the Brunswick Laundry made its principal business that of washing and ironing shirts, collars, cufTs, etc., but the demand of its patrons for a more extensive service was promptly met. Now, not onlv the old laundry system is in vogue, but a specialty is made of rough dry family washing, and this at present constitutes the great hulk df the l)usiness done. Manager Siemanski best explained the new idea in laundr\- work in a recent interview, in whicli he said the industrial development of the laundry business all over the country and the millions spent in catering to the demands of people who no longer wished to have their laundry done at home, made it necessary for such concerns to look well to their welfare ; to protect the interests of old customers in order to retain their patronage, and to build up a reputation for reliability in order to secure new patronage. It is along these lines that the Brunswick Launilr\- has been built and maintained. There was a time when there was just cause for friction between laundrymen and their patrons. This, however, was in the days when methods were crude and when laundries had not attained their present standing in the industrial world. \\"hile there are. duubtless, laundries in which the old system prevails, the Brunswick, in common with other modern laundries throughout the country, has passed beyond the primitive stage. Every effort here is made to satisfy customers ; to do the family washing better than it could be done at home ; to give laundry patrons more and better service than they ever had before, and to conduct the business with all the efficiency that the conduct of a great business demands. H}'gienic conditions exist at the Brunswick Laundry. In fact, the management believes that this is due to patrons, and, acting cm this belief, a business of enormous magnitude, which bids fair to continue in its rapid and remarkable growth, has been built up at the Brunswick Laundrv. 104 1E^. iFlrduntslinu'ii ^aixa TC~ '■'^^^^ County caii liuast thai it has tlic hirscsl nianiifarlurcr of ira sausage and fresh bologna in tho Tnitecl States in the firm of ICd. f Fleckenstein's S^ns. dning business ir. the Hudson City section of Jersey City Heigiits. Wliilc tlie i)i-oducls are not nationally distril)uted, the firm has built U]) a local and statewide business in the little more than three years of its existence, which far and away exceeds anything of the kind ever before attempted in New Jersey. This enterprising firm was organized May 13, 191 1. It consists of l-".d\vard 1'. l'"leckensteiii. Albert V. Fkckenstein and William X. Flecken- stem. It is capitalized for $250,000. When organized it employed fifteen men; now there are 1 14 employes on the payroll, and the business is still growing by leaps and bounds. Business originally began in a small factory on Grit+ith .Street, Jerse\- City Heights. This factor}- has been enlarged to take in Nos. 112, 114, 116 and 118 Griffith Street. Another large factory has been erected at 75- 77- 79 ^"d 81 Hancock Avenue, Jersey City. The main office and retail branch of the company is at 328 Central Avenue, Jersey City, and it has branches at 585 South Tenth Street, Newark, and at 167 Anderson Place, Passaic. The factories turn out $1,000,000 worth of products annuallv. This company is the largest Cdnsumer of bulls for bolognas in the F.ast. Beef is bought in carload lots from the Western markets. .'\ .large per- centage of the bulls used in its business are imported direct from Canada, and there is some talk of entering the Argentina market as well. Casings are imported direct from Europe in enormous quantities. Fifty-six route wagons are used in covering the trade thrdughnut the State. (_)ne five-ton truck is used exclusively to transport bolognas and sausages to the company's Newark refrigerator. One three-ton truck goes to Passaic daily. Those who have an idea that odds and ends nf all kinds g, 1 intu the makeup of sausages and bolognas would receive a liberal education in this particular by paying a \isit to the factories of Ed. Fleckenstein's Sons. None but prime meats are accepted l)y the company for manufacture into its products. Every piece of meat is thoroughly inspected, and if there is the least sign of disease or decay it is unceremoniousl}- thrown away. Of course, this is made necessary under the rigid system of United State,; inspection at the present time, but it has always been the policy of the Fleckenteins, as it was of their father Ijefore them, to place the purity and cleanliness of their products before ])rofits which might accrue from the introduction of passable meats which close inspection wciuld find unfit for human consumption. Those who have seen the manufacture nf stich iirnducts under nld-time systems in other places would be agreeably surprised to sec the conditions under which the sausages and bolognas are manufactured here. Even the casings must be of the best. They are thoroughly waslu-d and cleansed before thev are used. The machines in which the meats and sausages are ground are thoroughly cleaned at short periods. Everything is as spick and span as in the best-appointed kitchens. Workmen must lie cleanly dressed and their hands thoroughly washed before beginning the day's work' Members of the firm are courteous alike to visitors and to their work- men. Thev impress upon their workmen the necessity of absolute clean- liness. Thev show them the value of self-respect, and make them under- stand the standard ex])ected of Fleckenstein. The organization is splendid and complete. The men who make the daily distribution are men among men. In fact, everv factnr in the organization goes to impress upon the jiatron or the spectator the integrit}- and worth of the Fleckensteins and their jiroducts. lo.S d. 3. iKurllrr (Enutpaiig AM()N'(i tlie diA ersitied industries of Hudson CHunty is ihe plajit ol the L'. F. Alueller Company of 95 Boyd Avenue, Jei^ey City, whicli is de\oted to the manufacture of macaroni, spaghetti, egg noodle^ and kindred products. This Inisiness is among the largest of its kind in ihe counliN, and there is turned out from tlie factory about 10,000,000 pounds of these popular foodstutTs annually. The compar.y is -i, half milli coast to coast throughout tin United States and it is I)rol.ial)ly the larijcst concern devoted exclusiveh- to the manufacture of jiipe cases in the country. .Mr. Elia employs fifty workmen at his place. .As the business is hut seven vears old. it is easy to realize that with this force, it nuist have been successful. .\nd .Mi. Elia is very proud, and Jiisth- so, of the success he has made. This cnild not have been done had it not been that he v.as experienced in the line l^efore coming- to West Ho- l)oken. .\ visit to the factory of Mr. Elia i.s a revelation. He is constantlv turn- ing- out a large number and variety of cases called for by pipe manufacturers in all parts of the country, fiis specialty, of course, is in the cases for the higher class pipes, but he turns out no end of cases of all descriptions. In speaking of pipe cases, one nuist know that this includes cases for cigar and cigarette holders. .As these, as well as pipes, vary greatly in size, shape and ornamentation, it is necessary to have a great number of patterns on hand and to be constantly manufacturing- new patterns and variations of pattern to meet the demand of the trade. This is all done by a force of skilled workmen, for in the manufacture of patterns skilled workmen alone can get the desired results. The manufacture of pipe cases is interesting. Certain kinds of wood must be used. This uviist be carved, warped and seasoned, by hand and ma- chinery, before it is ready for the leather which covers it on the outside and the plush with which it is lined inside. This leather and felt must be attached in such a manner as to make it appear that the case is made of leather and j)lush. There can be no loose ends, for this would spoil the beauty of the case .-ind detract from the selling price of the jiipe enclosed, no matter how good the pipe. As only the best pipes are sold in cases, it can be seen that the work must be done with a care and precision which it is not necessary to su])ply with man}- other lines of industry. Withal, the manufacture of pipe cases is the work of an artist. The de- signs must follow the lines of the pipe closely and the pipe niust fit in the case as snnggly as if each were but part of the other. This Mr. Elia has suc- ceeded in doing- in his busy little factory and it is no wonder that his trade ex- tends from Maine to California and from Canada to the gulf of Me.xico. Mr. Elia has one hnhby besides his business — his family. He is married and is the father of two children. 107 Urrliaiukru iry Surk (Eo. ^^ HE Weehawken Dry Dock Company at the foot of Baldwin avenue, on itl the river front in \\'eeha\vken. is one of the most important of the in- ^^ dustries of the kind in the entire country, and it has vessels from the entire world stopping at its docks for repairs. The business has been established for many years. It is constantly growing because of the excellence of the service rendered. Work left in charge here is promptly executed and in many cases promptness is a great factor. Quality of work, however, is not impaired by promptness of execution, and under no circumstances is any vessel docked here allowed to leave the dock until repairs are complete and she is in a perfectly seaworthy condition. Of course, much of the work done is among the river vessels, especially those which ply between New York and Albany. These vessels are put to a much more severe strain than one would suppose, and every winter they have to undergo a thorough overhauling at the hands of ship builders and repair men. The thoroughness of the work at the \\'eehawken Dry Docks iias brought there much of this class of work. It is really an interesting sight to watch the overhauling of vessels which go into drydock for this purpose. Carpenters, blacksmiths, caulkers, painters and builders of all kinds are required to locate and repair the faults upon which the lives of patrons of boating depend. Any fault that is left when a vessel is overhauled is likely to prove a fatal one at some future time and for this reason the most thorough work in examination and repair is required. Any dry dock at the busy season is a hive of industry. The Weehawken Dry Dock is more than ordinarily so. A great force of men is required at all times, and kept constantly employed. At times there are day and night shifts required. The night shifts work under the rays of a powerful search light which makes the scene as light as day. ]o8 HHiUiam ^rhimpm* S: (Un. AMU.XHi the imlustrial concerns which h;uc nuulc Jliulsnn Cuunty famous throug:hout the entire civilized world may he mentioned William Schiniper & Co., manufacturers of silver-])lated novelties, sterling silver and metal goods, the i)lant of which firm is located at 322-338 Ferry Street, Hohoken. and of which Robert R. Debacher is ])resident. This mammoth business, the largest of its kind in the country, and \vhich constantly employs from 250 to 350 people, was established in 1X67 by the late George Schimper. Upon the death of (leorge Schimper, William .lUd '1 hcoclore Schimper continued the business until Theodore's death at v\hicli time William Schimper admitted Robert R. Debacher and John R. Mahlstedt to partnership. Upon the death of William Schimper Debacher and Mahlstedt purchased his interest in the concern from the widow and in 1902 incorporated the business under the laws of the State of New Jersey with a capital of $300,000. Two years ago Mr. Mahlstedt retired and sold his interest in the corporation to ATr. Debacher, who i? now the owner of all but a few shares of the stock Air. Debacher's rise in the business world has been continuous and steady. He became associated with the Schimper plant when a l)oy. From a])prentice he was rapidly advanced to the position of senior partner and the presidency of the company, due solely to the fact that he i.J a thoroughly skilled mechanic, understood the workings of the concern from all its angle-; and is a competent and ])ractical business man. \\'lien Mr. Mahlstedt retired his duties were taken ovev bv Ernest F. .Schullz. treasurer of the corporation. Mr. .Schultz is a certified accountant of the University of New York, and before his association with this corpor- ation practiced as such. He has proven a very valuable assistant to the operations of the corporation and would be greatlv missed if through force of circumstances he should be compelled to retire. Herman Behrens. secretary, has Ijeen c(innected with the house of Schimper for more than twenty years, and has. through long service and continuous study, become well fitted to execute the duties allotted to him. The entire history of the house has been one of progress, due to the fact that it has always been the policy to preserve the integrity of the firm and its manufactures even against the keen competition of inferior goods and cheaper jirices for the "just as good" kind. No employee of the concern is allowed to sacrifice quality for profit and all are under the supervision of skilled and trustworthy heads of departments in which they are employed. The factory itself is well lighted and well \entilated. The people employed there are contented. They are paid good wages and they are not worked like slaves. The men in control of the various departments are very human and arc instructed to regard those under their supervision as such. At the same time [lerfect discijdinc and splendid decorum prevail. The stranger is always treated courteously. The conditi(.ins at the plant are ideal for all. and it is the polic}- to kee]) satisfactory employees as long as possible. Numerous and varied are the articles manufactured. Thev include, among other things, toilet sets, comb and brush sets, hair brushes, hat and ckith brushes. ■ military brushes and sets, manicure sets and fittings, card '"ases. vanitv bo-xes. puft' and pomade jars, trinket boxes, bonljon baskets, trays and vases. ])icture frames, calendars, thermometers, ink-stands, desk fitting's, hand mirrors, swinging mirrors, shaving mirrors, standing mirrors, trip- liacte mirrors, whisk brooms and holders, smokers' sets, ash receivers, cigarette and tobacco boxes, match safes, cigar and cigarette jars, humidors, eveglass and spectacle cases, soa]) boxes and novelties for advertising purposes. Besides the main plant the firm has a showroom at 652 Broadway, New York Cit_\-. where buyers from all over the United States, its colonies, Canada and Europe are welcomed. 109 (I. (L. Hxinkpaii ^W C. KIXKJiAiJ, wholesale grucer at 60S Newark a\'enue. Jersey City. I|L is line of those old time business men who has built up a splendid ^^* patronage by methods upon which there can be cast not a shadow of sharp practice. He has always been content to make a fair profit as a middle- man and has never been guilty of boosting prices unless he was compelled to do so by the rise of goods as they came to him. It is safe to say that at such times as the recent European war. when so many jobbers and middle- men were boosting prices on home jiroducts because it was feared that they wiiuld have to pa}' more for the next lot they ordered. Mr. Kinkead simply charged his patrons the regular prices so long as the supply lasted. If, after that, he had to raise the prices it was because he himself had to pay more for the actual goods on w'hich he raised his patrons. Mr. Kinkead is not a speculator — not a get-rich-quick gentleman. He is a solid, substantial business man, one with whom it is a pleasure to do business. He handles none but the staple and standard lines of goods. No persuasion could induce him to tr\- something that had not been tried and found worthy, no matter how great the financial inducements. It is by solid men such as Mr. Kinkead that large business enterprises are built. In politics Mr. Kinkeatl has never dabbled. He thought he had all he could do to properly conduct the affairs of hi.s business. He has done a vast amount of good in a quiet, charitable way, but of his benevolences little are heard. Meet with Mr. Kinkead and you immediatelv feel you have met with a man who grasps his business afifairs and executes them in a quiet, efficient manner. .\lthough he devotes a great part of liis time to his business. Mr. Kinkead finds time to give to his family and is fond of home life after the struggle of the busy business day. He lives in a modest home at 365 Pavonia avenue, lersey City, and has no greater enjoyment than a quiet evening at home when circumstances and business will jicrmit. no itrxamrr iRiiiiim Ara^rutij '^Y ( ) l'"X'ri{RPRlSE in Hudson County is of more importance in its line, iAj ur nil ire noteworthy, than the Hexamer Riding Academy, from which has sprung the Hol)oken Carriage and Cab Company and the Hexa- mer Auto Comi)any. These three allied industries are all under the jjcrsonal supervision and direction of A. P. Hexamer, who has a capacity for business exceeded by no one in the entire county. The Hexamer Riding Academy was established in 1850. It has enjoyed a continuous existence since that time. It started first as a riding academy. ])ure and simple, where riding lessons were given to some of the foremost I'cople of the country. In the old days many of the notables of New York were habitues of the riding academy and to this day its meets are patronized by beauty and fashion. It is the highest class business of its kind in the east, if not in the entire country. From the riding academy developed the renting and sale of horses for large functions and to prominent people. From these stables are furnished horses to the states of New Jersey. New York and Connecticut for military maneuvers, and many horses have been sold and shipped abroad fnr the stables of the great powers of the old world. Then came the organization of the Hoboken Carriage and Cab Company. The service rendered by this company early proved a superior one and this branch of the business grew and prospered. Probably in the entire county there is no such array of carriages, cabs and taxi cabs as to be found here. and no service business of the kind is conducted with such dispatch as that of the Hexamers. Here one may secure, at any hour of the day or night, just vviiat he wants in the matter of equippage, whether horse drawn or motor. The carrages, cabs and taxicabs are kept in splendid condition and give the impression of private vehicles, which thev are to all intents and purposes, as the drivers and chauffeurs are all gentlenienl}- and know their business to the end of the last lesson. Then followed the Hoboken Auto Company. This was first started as an agencv only. With the backing of the He.xamer Riding Academy and the Hoboken Carriage and Cab Company back of it. the auto company proved a success from its ince]jtion. It handled a superior class of cars, gave su- perior service to its patrons and soon acquired such a reputation that it was recognized as the foremost organization of its kind in Hudson County and the company was made the Hudson Count'- distributor for the Hudson Motor Company, manufacturers of the famous Hudson automobiles. The company has constantly on hand a splendid line of these famous cars, and the manage- ment is ready to .give a demonstration to a prtispective purchaser at any time. Some idea of the magnitude of the business of the three companies mav be gleaned from the fact that there are constantlv emplo}'ed at the main office, stables and garages, 215-223 Hudson street, tf-iboken. and the Jersey City branch. 2529 Hudson Boulevard, fifty-two people to look after the busi- ness of the combined concerns. This does not include occasional chauffeurs and hel])ers who are called in whenever ocasion demands. Init is simply the regular employees on the payroll from year to year. ( )f course such a business as that combined in the three concerns cannot lie managed successfully except bv efficient service in every department. This Mr. Hexamer has secured. The discipline in all the departments is perfect, the men know their work, everyone has his own task to perform. That it is performed well speaks well for the management. These details are supervised personally by Mr. Hexamer and his able foremen and super- intendents. E\-ery man is held accountable to his immediate superiors, and the business is conducted as smoothly as a carefully greased machine. Much credit is due Mr. Hexamer for the mammoth business he has built up and conducted in such an honorable manner that it has a re])utation for fair dealing and integrity second to none in the country. Ill ^. il Horuioair & Co. No SINGLE firm is better known than that of E. H. Horwood & Co., manufacturer of lirassieres and children's underwaists at 1007 Grand street, Hoboken. This firm was founded in 1874 tjy the late E. H. Horwood, who was one of the most respected and generally beloved men in Hoboken at the time of his death, and since that sad event has been carried on exclusively by members of the Horwood family. Since the death of the elder Horwood the firm has been incorporated, but there has been no change of the liberal policy of the founder toward the two hundred and fifty or more employees engaged at the factory. The capital stock is valued at $100,000. is fully paid in and there is none of it on the market. Besides the Hoboken factory the firm has an office and salesrooms in the Fifth Avenue building. 200 Fifth avenue. X'ew York City. Although the output of the Hoboken factory is used exclusively in the United .States, goods are manufactured in Canada under the Horwodd jjatents. Associated with E. H. Horwood when the firm was started was C. 1.. Horwood. Work was begun in a small way. but the firm prospered from the beginning. In 1890 C. S. Horwood entered the business, assuming charge of the factory end. E. H. Horwood continued the office management until his death in 1913, since which time C. S. Horwood has had full charge of all departments. Brassieres and underwaists manufactured by E. H. Horwood & Co. are fully protected by patents which place the products in a class by themselves. .Superior workmanship, cutting and designing along scientific lines and per- fect fit of normal forms have been the chief reasons for the high standing of the Horwood goods in trade circles. Of course, the chief local interest in the firm centres around the late E. H. Horwood. The January issue (jf the Biiard of Trade Bulletin of Hoboken contained a fitting tribute to the life of a man who had made himself and his works so generally beloved in his adopted town. Edward H. Horwood was born in Toronto, Canada, in 1845. He l.iegan his lousiness career at an earl\- age. \\'hen he was ele^•en years old he was entrusted with the task of running a complete set of ledgers. Before the age of eleven he had waded through all the delightful intricacies of Shakespeare ; but his reading was not confined to his early years, for books afl:'orded him pleasure throughout his entire busy life. Fie alwa}s remained a reader of good books and no topic of general interest escaped his notice. On December 30th, 1863, lie married Charlotte Louise Skinner at Niagara Falls, Canada. About four years later he moved to Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he went into business ; and forty years ago he came to Hoboken. Mr. Horwood was President of the Board of Trade for two terms, be- ctnning a trustee upon the expiration of his term. He was also greatly inter- ested in the affairs of the National Board of Trade at the same time. Im- mediately upon his affiliation with the Hoboken Board of Trade. Mr. Horwood entered into the work of the organization with a characteristic zeal. His work on local committees is too well known to need comment. He was keenly interested in and associated with the \tlantic Deeiier Waterways Association and was an ardent supporter of the project for inland waterways; he represented the Board at the Lake Mohonk Peace Conference, each year since the inception of the Congress, being a firm belie\er in inter- national arbitration. His last activity of note was when he undertook the Chairmanship of the Budget Exhibit Committee which, however, he was forced to resign owing to his failing strength. Notwithstanding- his devotion t