Class _L_o2^^a Book '^t fojiyright F /^" in diameter, take the difference between the even inch given and the next largest size, as 16 inches in this case, and add half of this difference to the circumference of the even inch. Thus a 15^'' diameter has a circumference of 48.2 -\- >^(5i4 — 48.2) =49 11/16. 7 8 Pipe and Elbow Chart Area TO find the area of any size of pipe, turn the dial to the diameter on the outer edge and read under "Area/' To compute the area of a pipe which will equal the combined area of two or more < 38"//-^^ > ,'' ^„ ^ LARGE END }i FROM CENTER OF RIVET HOLE TO EDGE SMALL END ■ 38 %e- Fig. I. Pattern for 12" Pipe of No. 20 Gauge pipes, add the area of all the branches together, then turn the dial until the nearest number to the total Area 9 appears under ''Area." At the outside read the re- quired diameter. For example : What size pipe would be required to ^qual the combined area of an 8", 12" and 16" pipe? -LARGE DIAMETER- f < SMALL DIAMETER >. Fig. 2. Tapering Joint Area 8" 5o'^' Area 12" ^^3 Area 16" l^J^^". Total 364" lO Pipe and Elbow Chart The nearest nimiber given in the area table is 380, which is that of a 22" diameter pipe. To find the area of a trunk line from which a branch has been taken, deduct the area of the branch from the main trunk area and turn dial to the nearest number under ''Area," and read the diameter of the continued trunk at the outer edge. To find the diameter of a round pipe equal to a square or rectangular pipe, multiply the width by the depth and find nearest number under "Area," the outer edge of which will be the required diameter. Elbows THE calculations are based on 90 degree elbows, and all pieces have the same length of throat, ^-inch has been allowed for the seams. If el- bow is to be riveted instead of peaned, add ^ of an inch to the measurements given. The radius means the distance from the center of a circle around which the inside of the elbow would fit. The usual method is to make the radius equal to the diameter of the pipe. With this chart, any radius from 3" to 62" can be used. The number of pieces to be used in an elbow should be determined by its size and position. The greater the number of elbow pieces the less will be the friction of air in the pipe. The chart gives calculations for four, five and six pieces. For elbows with more pieces, use the following table: How to make Elbows of 8 and more Pieces For 8 piece elbow, take y^ measurement for 4 piece. For 10 piece elbow, take 3^ measurement for 5 piece. For 12 piece elbow, take }^ measurement for 6 piece. For 15 piece elbow, take 1/3 measurement for 5 piece. For 18 piece elbow, take 1/3 measurement for 6 piece. For 16 piece elbow, take ]4 measurement for 4 piece. For 20 piece elbow, take H measurement for 5 piece. For 24 piece elbow, take ^ measurement for 6 piece. To each measurement, add }i of an inch for the extra seam required. 12 Pipe and Elbow Chart Elbows of Less than 90 Degrees For elbows less than 90°, use the following table. DEGREES PIECES SECTIONS 27° 6 2 33° 75' 5 2 45° 6 3 56° 25' 5 3 63° 6 4 67° 50' 3 2 75° 4 3 78^ 75' 5 4 81° 6 5 Explanation : If an elbow of 63° is required, use four sections of six piece of the same radius. Figuring Rise for Elbow The mitre line table gives the rise for all elbows above mentioned, measuring from the end of a level line 12" long on a line at right angles to it. A diagonal line from the height of the rise to the other end of the 12" level line will be the required mitre line. (Fig. 3.) Rise for 4 piece elbow 3 7 IZ'^ Rise for 5 piece elbow 2 3/8 Rise for 6 piece elbow i 7/8 Rise for 8 piece elbow i 3/8 Rise for 10 piece elbow i Rise for 12 piece elbow 13/16 Rise for 15 piece elbow 19/32 Rise for 16 piece elbow 1/2 Rise for 18 piece elbow 15/32 Rise for 20 piece elbow 14/32 Rise for 24 piece elbow 27/64 Elbows 13 H Pipe and Elbow Chart Example: Required, an elbow of 6 pieces, 90 de- Tees, 12" in diameter and with a 12" radius of 20 SMALL END Fig. 4. Laying Out from Chart gauge iron. First draw, as in Fig. 4, a level line 12" long at the end of which draw a perpendicular line , Elbows 1 5 i%" long, as given in the table; from the end of this line, draw a diagonal line to the other end of the level line, continuing this hne upward indefinitely, if the elbow is of a larger diameter. Draw a half circle equal to the diameter of the pipe below the level line, using the center of the level line as a radius point, or draw- ing a half circle equal to the rise at the end of the mitre line, as shown, making the distance from A to B e'qual to the diameter of the elbow. Divide either of these circles into any number of equal parts, num- bering them as shown. From these points, draw lines to the mitre line. It will be noticed that both of these methods give the same result with respect to the in- tersection of the mitre line. Now lay off on a piece of iron a hne equal to the circumference of a 12" pipe, or 38 11/16, also marking a center point and draw line through these points indefinitely. Mark off the distance for the length of throat, as given in the table, 4^8" on both sides, and draw a line connecting these points. Space this line into twice as many spaces as the half circle was spaced, numbering these as shown ; then draw lines from these points, as shown. Next, transfer the distance from the level line to the points of intersection on the mitre line to the corresponding numbered lines of the pattern, and a line traced through these points will give the correct cut. By cutting this pattern and using it as a template, the other patterns can be marked out very quickly, care being taken to keep the throat measurement 4%'% as shown. Rivet holes can be marked and punched before the elbow is cut; also the deduction for the small end should be made, as, in this case, 17/64 of an inch. i6 Pipe and Elbow Chart The reason for laying out the circumference from the chart instead of using the spacing of the half circle is, that the pipe would be made according to the. chart, wdiile the stretchout of the spacing would vary, and not coincide with the chart. Round Galvanized Pipe JP^eight per Lineal Foot £ (9 Q Gauge g (9 Ga uge 26 24 22 20 26 24 22 20 1 .312 .398 .485 ,571 34 8.139 10.385 12.631 14.877 2 .549 .701 .852 1.004 35 8.376 10.687 12.998 15.311 3 .786 1.003 1.220 1.437 36 8.613 10.989 13.366 15.745 4 1.023 1.306 1.588 1.871 37 8.850 11.291 13.734 16.179 5 1.260 1.608 1.950 2.. 304 38 9.087 11.593 14.102 16.613 6 1.497 1.911 2.324 2.837 39 9.325 11.895 14.470 17.047 7 1.735 2.214 2.693 3.172 40 9,562 12.197 14.838 17.481 8 1.973 2.527 3.061 3.605 41 9.799 12.499 15.206 17.915 9 2.209 2.819 3.129 4.059 42 10.036 12.801 15.574 18.349 10 2.446 3.122 3.707 4.472 43 10.273 13.103 15.942 18.783 11 2.684 3.424 4.165 4.905 44 10.510 13.405 16.310 19.217 12 2.921 3.7^7 4.552 5.339 45 10.747 13.707 16.678 19.651 13 3.158 4.a30 4.901 5.773 46 10.984 14.009 17.0t6 20.08) 14 3.395 4.332 5.268 6.207 47 11.221 14.311 17.414 20.519 15 3.633 4.635 5.037 G.640 48 11.459 14.613 17.782 20.953 15 3.870 4.937 6.005 7.073 49 11.697 14.915 18.150 21.387 17 4.107 5.229 6.373 7.507 50 11.934 15.217 18.518 21.821 18 4.344 5.542 6.711 7.910 51 12.171 15.519 18.886 22.255 19 4.581 5.846 7.110 8.373 52 12.408 15.821 19.254 22.689 20 4.818 6.116 7.480 8.808 53 12.645 16.123 19.622 23.123 21 5.055 6.451 7.816 9.241 54 12.883 16.425 19.990 23,557 22 5.292 6.753 8.214 9.675 55 13.120 16.727 20.. 358 23.991 23 5.529 7.056 8.5SI 10.108 56 13.357 17.029 20.726 24,425 24 5.766 7.358 8.959 10.5U 57 13.594 17.331 21.084 24.859 25 6.003 7.660 9.317 10.975 58 13.831 17.633 21.462 25.293 26 6.340 7.963 9.683 11.109 59 14.068 17.935 21.830 25,?27 27 6.577 8.264 10.054 11.843 60 14.305 18.237 22.198 26.161 28 6.814 8.566 10.422 12.276 &1 14.502 18.539 22.566 26.595 29 7.051 8.838 10.780 12.709 62 14.779 18.841 22.934 27.029 30 T.288 9.171 11.158 13.143 63 15.016 19.143 23.302 27.463 31 7.525 9.473 11.526 13.576 64 15.253 19.445 23.670 27.807 32 7.762 9.775 11.805 14.011 65 15.490 19.747 24.038 28.331 33 7.999 10.078 12.263 14.444 66 15.727 20.049 24.406 28.765 Weights of Elbows and Ducts ADD one-half the diameter of the elbow to the radius and find the length of throat required for ^ this size of elbow, which will represent the length of a line through the center of the elbow ; multiply the length by the number of pieces in the elbow, which will give the length equal to a straight pipe, and find the weight per lineal foot in the pipe table. Example : Required, the weight of a 6-piece elbow, 12" diameter, 12" radius, No. 20 gauge iron : 6 + 12 ^= 18. Length of throat for an 18 inch radius elbow is 6.1. Then, 6.1X6 = 36.6 in.— 3.% ft., at 5.339 (weight of one foot 12" No. 20 pipe) lb. per foot of length, the elbow weighs 16 lb. Black and Galvanized Sheets Weight per Square Foot Number U. S. Standard Thickness Gauge Weight of Galvanized Iron Weight of Black Iron 10 9-64 1-8 7-64 3-32 5-64 9-128 1-16 9-160 1-20 7-160 3-80 11-320 1-32 9-360 1-40 7-.320 3-160 11-640 1-64 5.781 5.156 4.531 3.006 3.281 2.969 2.656 2.406 2.156 1.906 1.656 1.531 1.403 1.281 1.153 1.031 .9062 .8437 .7812 5.625 5.00 4.375 3.75 3.125 2.8125 2.5 2.25 2.0 1.75 1.50 1.375 1.25 1.125 1.00 .875 .6875 .625 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 ^... 22 23.... 21 25 26 27 28 17 Pipe and Elbow Chart Galvanized Iron Ducts IP'cight per Lineal Foot EIXPLANATION: — Find the sum of the four sides; refer to the table for the corre- sponding number in inches column ; to the right will be found the weight. EXAMPLE :-Find the weight of duct 26''x56" of No. 24 gauge. 26"+26"+56''+ 56"= 164". 164" = 17.32 lbs. C Gauge M u C Gauge 26 24 22 26 24 22 2 .25 .28 .35 102 8.00 10.21 12.36 4 .38 " .48. .59 104 8.15 10.41 12.60 6 .53 .67 .83 106 8.30 10.61 12.87 8 .68 .86 1.07 108 8.45 10.81 13.11 10 .83 1.06 1.31 no 8.60 11.00 13.35 12 .98 1.26 1.55 112 8.75 11.20 13.59 14 1.13 1.48 1.79 114 8.90 11.40 13.83 16 1.28 1.64 2.02 116 9.05 11.50 14.07 18 1.43 1.85 2.26 118 9.20 11.72 14.31 20 1.59 2.03 2.50 120 9.36 11.90 14.55 22 1.74 2.22 2.73 122 9.51 12.10 14.78 24 1.89 2.41 2.97 124 9.66 12.27 15.02 26 2.04 2.61 3.21 126 9.81 12.47 15.26 28 2.19 2.80 3.45 128 9.96 12.65 15.50 SO 2.34 2.99 3.69 130 10.11 12.85 15.74 32 2.49 3.18 3.92 132 10.26 13.00 15.98 34 2.64 3.37 4.21 134 10.41 13.20 16.21 36 2.79 3.66 4.45 136 10.56 13.40 16.45 38 2.94 3.83 4.69 138 10.71 13.68 16.69 40 3.10 4.05 4.92 140 10.87 13.86 16.92 42 3.25 4.24 5.16 142 11.8) 15.12 18.37 44 3.40 4.43 5.40 144 12.00 15.32 18.61 46 3.55 4.63 5.64 146 12.15 15.52 18.85 48 3.70 4.83 5.88 148 12.30 15.72 19.09 50 3.85 5.01 6.12 150 12.45 15.92 19.32 52 4.00 5.21 6.35 152 12.60 16.12 19.56 54 4.15 5.40 6.59 154 12.75 16.32 19.80 56 4.30 5.59 6.83 156 12.90 16.52 20.04 58 4.45 5.78 7.07 158 13.06 16.72 20.28 60 4.60 5.97 7.31 160 13.21 16.92 20.51 62 4.75 6.17 7.55 162 13.36 17.12 • 20.75 64 4.90 6.36 7.79 164 13.51 17.32 20.99 66 5.05 6.55 8.02 166 13.89 17.71 21.52 68 5.21 6.75 8.30 168 14.04 17.91 21.76 70 5.51 6.93 8.54 170 14.19 18.11 22.00 72 5.66 7.03 8.78 172 14.34 18.31 22.24 74 5.81 7.23 9.02 174 14.49 18.51 22.48 76 5.96 7.43 9.26 176 14.64 18.71 22.72 78 6.11 7.62 9.50 178 14.79 18.91 22.96 80 6.26 7.82 9.73 180 14.94 19.11 23.20 82 6.41 8.12 9.97 182 15.10 19.31 23.43 84 6.56 8.31 10.21 184 15.25 19.51 23.67 86 6.71 8.51 10.45 186 15. JO 19.75 23.90 88 6.86 8.70 10.69 188 15.55 19.90 24.15 90 7.01 8.90 10.93 190 15.70 20.09 24.39 92 7.16 9.10 11.17 192 15.85 20.29 24.62 94 7.31 9.30 11.41 194 16.00 20.48 24.86 96 7.46 9.50 11.63 196 16.15 20.67 25.10 98 7.61 9.70 11.89 198 16.30 20.86 25.34 100 7.84 10.01 12.12 200 16.68 21.28 25.85 NOTE :— 1 " lap is allowed for joints up to 140", 3" lap for all others. Weights of Elbows and Ducts 19 Galvanized Iron Ducts Weight per Lineal Foot Gauge 24 22 20 Gauge 24 22 203 204 206 208 210 212 214 216 218 220 222 224 226 228 230 232 234 236 238 240 242 244 246 248 > 250 252 254 256 258 260 262 264 266 268 270 272 274 276 278 280 283 284 286 288 2Q0 292 294 296 298 300 21.57 26.14 21.66 26.38 21.88 26.62 22.05 26.86 22.24 27.10 22.43 27.34 22.63 27.58 22.83 27.83 23.01 28.06 23.20 28.30 23.40 28.54 23.66 28.78 23.80 29.03 24.00 29.26 24.26 29.50 24.40 29.74 24.80 30.00 25.04 30.24 25.24 30.48 25.44 30.72 25.64 30.96 25.84 31.20 26.05 31.44 26.25 31.68 26.45 31.92 26.65 33.11 26.85 33.40 27.06 32.64 27.26 32.88 27.46 33.12 27.66 33.36 28.02 33.60 28.22 34.22 28.42 34.46 28.63 34.70 28.83 34.94 29.02 35.18 29.23 35.43 29.43 35.66 29.63 35.90 29.83 36.14 30.04 36.38 30.24 36.62 30.44 36.86 30.64 37.10 30.84 37.34 31.05 37.58 31.25 37.83 31.49 38.44 31.69 38.68 30.7 31.0 31.3 31.6 31.8 32.1 32.4 32.7 33.0 33.2 33.5 33.8 34.1 34.4 34.7 35.3 35.6 35.9 36.2 36.5 36.8 37.1 37.4 37.7 38.0 38.3 38.6 38.9 39.2 39.5 39.8 40.1 40.4 40.8 41.0 41.3 41.6 41.9 42.2 42.5 42.8 43.0 43.3 43.6 43.9 44.1 44.4 44.6 45.2 45.5 303 304 303 308 310 312 314 316 318 320 322 324 336 328 340 342 344 346 348 350 352 354 356 358 370 373 374 376 378 380 383 384 383 388 390 393 394 396 398 400 31.9 38.9 33.1 39.2 33.3 39.4 32.5 39.6 32.7 39.9 32.9 40.1 33.1 40.4 33.3 40.6 33.5 40.8 33.7 41.1 33.9 41.3 34.1 41.6 34.3 41.8 34.5 42.0 34.7 42.3 35.1 43.5 35.3 43.0 35.5 43.2 35.7 43.5 35.9 43.7 36.1 44.0 36.3 44.2 36.5 44.5 36.7 44.7 35.8 44.9 37.1 45.2 37.3 45.4 37.5 45.7 37.7 45.9 37.9 46.1 38.1 46.4 38.5 46.9 38.7 47.1 38.9 47.4 39.1 47.6 39.3 47.8 39.5 48.1 39.7 48.3 39.9 48.6 40.1 48.8 40.3 49.1 40.5 49.3 40.7 49.5 40.9 49.8 41.1 50.0 41.3 50.2 41.5 50.5 41.7 51.0 41.9 51.2 42.1 51.5 NOTE :— 1 " lap is allowed for joints up to 140", 3" lap for all others. 20 Pipe and Elbow Chart Galvanized Iron Ducts Weight per Lineal Foot 53 X Gauge Gauge u C 22 20 18 u C 22 20 18 402 51.7 60.9 79.2 452 57.9 68.0 88.7 m 51.9 61.2 79.5 454 58.1 68.3 83.0 406 52.1 61.4 79.9 456 58.4 68.6 8). 4 408 52.4 61.2 80.2 458 58.6 68.9 83.8 410 52.6 62.0 80.8 460 58. 9 69.2 90.1 412 52.9 62.3 81.0 462 5^.1 69.4 90.5 414 53.1 62.6 81.3 464 53.6 69.7 91.4 41G 53.3 62.8 81.7 466 53.8 70.2 91.7 418 53.6 63.1 82.0 468 60.1 70.5 92.1 420 53.8 63.4 82.4 470 60.3 70.8 92.5 422 54.1 63.7 82.8 472 60.6 71.0 92.8 424 54.3 64.0 83.1 474 60.8 71.3 93.2 426 54.5 64.3 83.4 476 61.0 71.6 93.5 428 54.8 64.6 83.8 478 61.3 71.9 93.9 430 55.3 64.9 81.7 480 61.5 72.2 94.3 432 55.5 65.3 85.1 482 61.8 72.4 94.6 431 55.7 65.6 85.4 481 62.0 72.7 95.0 436 56.0 65.8 85.8 483 62.2 73.0 95.3 438 56.2 66.1 88.2 488 62.5 73.3 95.7 440 56.5 66.4 86.5 490 62.7 73.6 96.1 442 56.7 66.6 83.9 492 63.0 73.9 93.4 444 56.9 66.9 87.2 494 63.2 74.2 93.8 446 57.2 67.2 87.6 496 63.4 74.5 97.1 448 57.4 67.5 88.0 498 6i.O 74.8 98.0 450 57.7 67.9 88.3 5no 64.3 75.0 98.4 3>^ 4 5 6 7 Size of Conductor Pipes in. Through, up to 12 ft. long; use 2-in. Conductor Pipe in. Through, 12 to 25 ft. long; use 3-in. Conductor Pipe in. Through, 25 to 35 ft. long; use 3-in. Conductor Pipe in. Through, 35 to 45 ft. long; use 4-in. Conductor Pipe in. Through, 45 to 55 ft. long; use 5-in. Conductor Pipe in. Through, 55 to 65 ft. long; use 6-in. Conductor Pipe in. Thrcugh, 65 to 75 ft. long; use 7-in. Conductor Pipe Weights of Elbows and Ducts 21 Revolutions of Fan Wheel of Given Diameter Necessary to Maintain a Given Pressure Over an Area Which is Within the Capacity of the Fan Diamete of Fan Wheel, Pressure, in Ounces per Square Inch in Feet Vs V4. % V2 % % % 1 11/8 11/4 1% 11/2 1% 1 582 82J 1,007 1,163 1,800 1,423 1,53; 1,643 1,742 1,836 1,92£ 2,010 2,170 iVi 460 655 80G 93G 1,010 l,139|l,230 11,314 1,394 1,469 1,540 1,608 1,736 11/2 388 549 G72 775 837 949 1,025 1,095 1,162 1,224 1,281 1,340 1,447 1% 333 470 576 665 743 813 878 938 996 1,049 1,100 1,149 1,240 2 291 411 504 582 650 712 769 822 871 918 963 1,005 1,085 21/4 259 363 448 517 578 633 683 730 774 816 856 893 984 21/2 233 329 403 465 520 570 615 657 697 734 770 804 838 2% 212 300 366 423 473 518 559 597 634 668 700 731 789 3 194 274 333 388 433 475 513 548 581 612 642 670 723 31/2 166 235 288 332 372 407 439 469 498 525 550 574 620 4 146 208 252 291 325 353 384 411 436 459 481 502 543 41/2 129 183 224 258 289 316 342 365 387 408 428 447 482 5 116 164 202 232 260 285 308 329 349 367 38) 402 434 51/2 103 149 183 211 236 259 280 299 317 334 350 363 395 6 97 137 168 194 217 238 256 274 290 306 321 335 362 61/2 90 126 155 179 200 219 236 253 268 282 296 309 334 7 83 117 144 166 186 203 220 235 249 262 275 287 310 71/2 78 110 135 155 173 190 204 219 232 245 257 268 289 8 73 103 126 146 163 178 192 205 218 230 241 251 271 81/2 69 97 119 137 153 167 181 194 205 216 226 236 255 9 65 92 112 129 144 158 171 183 194 204 214 223 241 91/2 61 87 106 123 137 149 162 173 183 193 203 212 228 10 58 82 101 116 130 142 154 164 174 181 193 201 217 11 53 75 92 106 118 129 140 150 158 167 175 183 197 12 49 69 84 97 108 119 128 137 145 153 160 168 181 13 45 63 78 90 100 110 116 126 130 141 148 155 167 14 42 59 72 83 93I 102 110 117 124 131 138 144 155 . 15 1 39 55 67| 78 87, 95 102 110 116' 122 128| 134 145 22 Pipe and Elbow Chart Flue Area Required for the Passage of a Given Volume of Air at a Given Velocity Volume in VELOCITY IN FEET PER MINUTE Cubic Feet 1 per Minute 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 1600 100 48 36 29 24 21 18 16 14 13 12 11 10 9.6 9.0 125 60 45 36 30 26 23 20 18 16 15 14 13 12.0 11.3 150 72 54 43 36 31 27 24 22 20 18 16 15 14.4 13.5 175 84 63 50 42 36 32 28 25 23 21 19 18 16.8 15.8 200 96 72 58 48 41 36 32 29 26 24 22 21 19.2 18.0 225 lOS 81 65 54 46 41 36 32 29 27 25 23 21.6 20.3 250 120 90 72 60 51 45 40 36 33 30 28 20 24.0 22.5 275 132 9') 79 66 57 50 44 40 36 33 30 28 28.4 24.8 300 144 108 86 72 62 54 48 43 39 36 33 31 28.8 27.0 325 15o 11? 94 78 67 59 52 47 43 39 36 33 31.2 29.3 350 168 120 101 84 T2 63 56 50 46 42 39 36 33.6 31.5 375 180 135 108 90 77 68 60 54 49 45 42 39 36.0 33.8 400 192 144 115 96 82 72 64 58 52 48 44 41 38.4 36.0 425 204 153 122 102 87 77 68 61 56 51 47 44 40.8 38.3 | 450 216 162 130 108 93 81 72 65 59 54 50 46 43.2 40.5 475 228 171 137 114 98 86 76 68 62 57 53 49 45.6 42.8 500 240 180 144 120 103 90 80 72 65 60 55 51,48.0 45.0 525 252 181) 151 126 108 95 84 76 69 63 58 54 50.4 47.3 550 264 198 158 132 113 99 88 79 72 66 61 57 52.8 49.5 575 276 207 166 138 118 104 92 83 75 69 64 59 55.2 51.8 600 288 216 173 144 123 108 96 86 79 72 66 62 57.6 54.0 625 300 225 180 150 129 113 100 90 82 75 69 64 60.0 56.3 650 312 234 187 158 134 117 104 94 85 78 72 67 62.4 .58.5 675 324 243 194 162 139 122 108 97 88 81 75 69 64.8 60.8 700 336 252 202 168 144 126 112 101 92 84 78 72 67.2 63.0 725 348 261 209 174 149 131 116 104 95 87 80 75 69.6 65.3 750 360 270 216 180 154 135 120 108 98 90 83 77 72.0 67.5 775 372 279 223 186 159 140 124 112 101 93 86 80 74.4 69. S 800 384 288 230 192 165 144 128 115 105 96 89 82 76.8 72.0 825 396 297 238 198 170 149 132 119 108 99 91 85 79.2 74.3 850 408 306 245 204 175 153 136 122 111 102 94 87 81.6 76.5 875 420 315 252 210 180 158 140 126 115 105 97 90 84.0 78.8 900 432 324 259 216 185 162 144 130 118 108 100 93 86.4 81.0 925 444 333 266 222 190 167 148 133 121 111 103 95 88. 8 83.3 950 456 342 274 228 195 171 152 137 124 114 105 98 91.2 85.5 975 468 351 281 234 201 176 156 140 128 117 108 100 93.6 87.8 1000 480 360 288 240 206 180 ! 160 144 131 120 111 103 96.0 90.0 Weights of Elbows and Ducts 23 Flue Area Required for the Passage of a Given Volume of Air at a Given J'clocity Volume in Cubic Feet per Minute VELOCITY IN FEET PER MINUTE 1700 1800 1900 2000 2100 .00 2300 2400 2600 2700 2800 2900 3000 3100 100 8.5 8 7.6 7.2 6.9 6.6 6.3 6.0 5.5 5.3 5.1 5.0 4.8 4.6 125 10.6 10 9.5 9.0 8.6 8.2 7.8 7.5 6.9 6.7 6.4 6.2 6.0 5.8 150 12.7 12 11.4 10.8 10.3 9.8 9.4 9.0 8.0 8.0 7.7 7.5 7.2 7.0 175 14.8 14 13.3 12.6 12.011.5 11.0 10.5 9.7 9.3 9.0 8.7 8.4 8.1 200 16.9 16 15.2 14.4 13.7 13.1 12.5 12.0 11.1 10.7 10.3 9.9 9.6 9.3 225 19.1 18 17.1 16.2 15.6 14.7 14.1 13.5 12.5 12.0 11.6 11.2 10.8 10.4 250 21.2 20 19.0 18.0 17.116.4 15.7 15.0 13.9 13.3 12.9 12.4 12.0 11.6 275 23.3 22 21.8 19.8^18.9'l8.017.2 16.5 15.2 14.7 14.1 13.7 13.2 12.8 300 25.4 24 22.7 21.6 20.6 19.6|18.8 18.0 16.6 16.0 15.4 14.9 14.4 13.9 325 27.5 26 24.6 23.422.3 21.3 20.6 19.5 18.0 17.3 16.7 16.1 15.6 15.1 350 29.6 28 26.5 25.2 24.0 22.9 21.9 21.0 19.4 18.7 18.0 17.4 16.8 16.3 375 31.8 30 28.4 27.0 25.724.5 23.5 22.5 20.8 20.0 19.3 18.6 18.0 17.4 400 33.9 32 30.3 28.8 27. 4>6. 2 25.0 24.0 22.2 21.3 20.6 19.8 19.2 18.6 425 36.0 34 32.2 30.6 29.127.826.6 25.5 23.5 22.7 21.9 21.1 20.4 19.7 450 38.1 36 34.1 32.4 30.9|29.5 28.2 27.0 24.9 24.0 23.1 22.3 21.6 20.9 475 40.2 38 36.0 34.2 32.6 31.l'29.7 28.5 26.3 25.3 24.4 23.6 22.8 22.1 500 42.4 40 37.936.0 34.332.731.3 30.0 27.7 26.7 25.7 24.8 24.0 23.2 525 44.5 42 39.837.8 36.0 34.4.32.9 .31.5 29.1 28.0 26.9 25.0 25.2 24.4 550 46.6 44 41.7 38.6 37. 7|36. 34.4 .33.0 .30.5 29.3 28.3 27.3 26.4 25.5 575 48.7 46 43.6 41.4 39.4 37.6 36.0 34.5 31.9 30.7 29.6 28.5 27.6 26.7 600 50.8 48 45.5 43.2 41.139.337.6 36.0 33.2 32.0 30.8 29.8 28.8 27.8 625 52.9 50 47.4 45.0 12.940.939.1 37.5 34.6 33.3 32.1 31.0 30.0 29.0 650 55.1 52 49.3,46.8'44.6 42.5 40.7 39.0 36.0 34.7 33.4 32.2 31.2 30.2 675 700 57.2 59.3 54 56 51.2 48.6 46.3 44.1 53.150.4 48.0 45.8 42.3 43.8 40.5 42.0 37.536.0 38.8 37.3 .34.7 36.0 33.532.431.3 34.7^33.6 32.5 725 61.4 58 55.0 52.2 49.7 47.4 45.4 43.5 40.2 38.7 37.3 36.0 34.8 33.6 750 63.5 60 56.9 54.0 51.4 49.1 47.0 45.0 41.540.0 38.6 37.2'36. 34.8 775 65.6 02 58.8'56.3'53.1 50.7 48.5 46.5 42.941.3 39.9 38.5'37.2'36.0 800 67.8 64 60.6'57.6 54.9 52.4 50.1 48.0 44.342.7 41.2 39.738.437.1 825 69.9 66 62.5 59.4'56.6 54.0 51.7 49.5 45.744.0 42.4 40.9 39.638.3 850 72.0 68 64.4 61.2 58.4 55.6 53.2 51.0 47.145.3 43.7 42.2,40.8,39.4 875 900 74.0 76.2 70 72 67.3 63.0 60.0 57.3 68.2 64.8 61.7 58.9 54.8 56.3 52.5 54.0 48.5 46.7 49.948.0 45.0 46.3 43.4'42.0 44.643.2 40.6 41.8 925 78.4 74 70.166.6 63.4 60.5 57.9 55.5 51.349.3 47.6 46.044.4 42.9 950 80.5 76 72.0 88.4 65.1162.2 59.5 57.052.650.7 48.8'47.1 45.6 44.1 975 1000 82.6 84.7 78 80 73.9'70.2'66.8'63.8 61.0 75.8 72.0 68. 7i66. 62.6 58.554.052.0 60.055.453.3 50.2 48.4 46.8 45.3 51.4 49.6 48.0 46.4 24 Pipe and Elbow Chart Number of Square Inches of Flue Area Required per i,ooo Cubic Feet of Contents for Given Velocity and Air Change No. Minutes to Change Air Velocity of Air in Flue in Feet per Minute 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 1200 1300 1400 1500 4 120.0 90.0 72.0 60.0 51.6 45.0 40.0 36.0 32.2 30.0 27.6 25.6 21.4 5 96.0 72.2 57.6 48.0 11.1 36.1 32.028.8 26.2|24.0 22.2 20.5 19.2 6 80.0 60.0 48.0 40.0 34.3 30.0 26.6|24.0 21.8|20.0 18.5 17.116.0 7 68.6 51.4 41.1 34.3 29.4 25.7 22.9,20.6 18.7jl7.2 15.714.713.7 8 60.0 45.0 36.0 30.0 25.8 22.5 20.0^18.0 16.115.0 13.8 12.8 12.0 9 5.3.3 40.0 32.0 26.6 22.9 20.0 17.8 16.0 14.513.3 12.3 11.4 10.7 10 48.0 36.0 28.8 24.0 20.6 18.9 16.014.4 13.112.0 11.1 10.3 9.6 11 43.6 32.2 26.2 21.8 18.7 16.1 14.5'l3.1 11.910.9 10.1 9.5 8.7 12 40.0 30.0 24.0 20.0 17.2 15.0 13.312.0 10.910.0 9.2 8.6 8.0 13 36.9 27.7 22.2 18.5 15.7 13.8 12.3'll.l 10.1 9.2 8.5 7.9 7.4 14 34.3 25.7 20.6 17.2 14.7 12.8 11.410.3 9.5 8.6 7.9 7.4 6.9 15 32.0 24.0 19.2 16.0 13.712.0 10.7 9.6 8.7 8.0 7,4 6.9 6.4 16 30.0 22.5 18.0 15.0 12.911.2 10.0 9.0 8.2 7.5 6.9 6.4 6.0 17 28.2 21.2 16.9 14.1 12.110.6 9.4 8.5 7.7 7.0 6.5 6.1 5.6 18 26.6 20.0 16.0 13.3 11.510.0 8.9 8.0 7.3 6.6 6.2: 5.7 5.3 19 25.3 18.9 15.2 12.6 10.8 9.5 8.4 7.6 6.9 6.3 5.8 5.4 5.1 20 24.0 18.0 14.4 12.0|l0.3| 9.9 8.0 7.2 6.5 6.0 5.5 5.1 4.8 To facilitate calculation of flue areas for different requirements in heating, ventilation and the general movement of air, the table above and that upon the two succeeding pages have been prepared. The former is to be employed when in a ventilating system the area of the flue is to be based upon the time required to change the air within the room and upon the permis- sible velocity in the flue. The latter table indicates the flue area necessary for the passage of a predetermined volume of air at stated velocity. Values for volumes below lOO or above i,ooo cubic feet may be readily determined from the latter table by reading for the multiple of the given volume, and then pointing off the requisite number of places. Thus, if a volume of 8,750 cubic feet of air is required to pass through a flue at a velocity of 900 feet per minute, the cross sectional area of that flue must be 1,400 square inches. Weights of Elbows and Ducts 25 Pressure and Horse-Poiver Required to Compensate for the Friction of Air Passing through Pipes i! DIAMETER OF PIPE 1-inch 2-inch 3 -inch 4-inch 5-inch « 11 . Xc c'". 0:^ II . Xc fi: IJ y 1 "^^ n Xc 100 O.OIl 0.0000 0.006 0.0000 0.004 0.0000' 0.003 0.0000 0.002 0.0000 200 0.044 0.0000 0.022 0.0000 0.015 0.0000 0.011 0.0001 0.009 0.0001 300 0.100 0.0000 0.050 0.0001 0.033 0.0001' 0.025 0.0002 0.020 0.0002 400 0.178 0.0001 0.088 0.0002 0.05:» 0.0003' 0.044 0.0004 0.036 0.0005 500 0.278 0.0002 0.139 0.0004 0.092 0.0006 0.069 0.0008 0.056 0.0010 600 0.400 0.0004 0.200 0.0007 0.133 0.0011 0.100 0.0014 0.080 0.0018 TOO 0.541 0.0006 0.272 0.0011 0.181 0.0017 0.138 0.0023. 0.109 0.0028 800 0.711 0.0008 0.356 0.0017 0.237 0.0025 0.178 0.00.34 0.142 0.0042 900 0.900 0.0012 0.450 0.0024 0.300 0.0036' 0.225 0.0018 0.180 0.0060 1,000 1.111 0.0017 0.556 0.0033 0.370 0.0049 0.278 0.0066 0.222 0.0083 1,100 1.344 0.0022 0.672 0.0044 0.418 0.0066 0.338 0.0088 0.269 0.0110 1,200 1.600 0.0029 0.800 0.0057 0.533 0.0083 0.400 0.0114 0.320 0.0143 1,300 1.878 0.0036 0.939 0.0073 0.626 0.0109 0.469 0.0145 0.376 0.0182 1,400 2.178 0.0045 1.089 0.0090 0.723 0.01.36 0.544 0.0181 0.436 0.0227 1,500 2.500 0.0056 1.250 0.0112 0.833 0.0167 0.625 0.0223 0.500 0.0279 1,600 2.844 0.0068 1.422 0.0135 0.948 0.0203 0.711 0.0271 0.569 0.0338 1,700 3.211 0.0081 1.605 0.0162 1.070 0.0244 0.803 0.0325 0.642 0.0403 1,800 3.600 0.0096 1.800 0.0192 1.200 0.0289 0.900 0.0.J85 0.720 0.0482 1,900 4.011 0.0113 2.006 0.0227 1.337 0.0340 1.003 0.0453 0.802 0.0567 2,000 4.444 0.0132 2.222 0.0264 1.481 0.0397 1.111 0.0529 0.889 0.0361 2,200 5.378 0.0176 2.689 0.0352 1.793 0.0528 1.344 0.0704 1.076 0.0880 2,400 6.400 0.0228 3.200 0.0457 2.133 0.0685 1.600 0.0914 1.280 0.1142 2,600 7.511 0.0290 3.756 0.0581 2.504 0.0871 1.877 0.1162 1.502 0.1452 2,800 8.711 0.0363 4.356 0.0726 2.904 0.1088 2.178 0.1451 1.742 0.1814 3.000 10.000 0.0446 5.000 0.08)2 3.333 0.1339 2.500 0.1785 2.000 0.2231 3,200 11.378 0.0541 5.689 0.1083 3.792 0.1625 2.844 0.2166 2.276 0.2708 3,400 12.8t4 0.0649 6.422 0.1299 4.281 0.1949 3.211 0.2598 2.589 0.3247 3,600 14.400 0.0770 7.200 0.1542 4.800 0.2313 3.600 0.3084 2.880 . 0.3855 3,800 16.044 0.0906 8.022 0.1814 5.349 0.2720 4.011 0.3627 3.209 0.4534 4,000 17.778 0.1058 8.889 0.2115 5.926 0.3173 4.444 0.4230 3.556 0.5288 4,200 9.800 0.2448 6.553 0.3673 4.900 0.4897 0.5631 3.920 4.282 5.120 6.008 6.969 8.000 0.6121 0.7038 0.9138 1.1618 1.4510 1.7847 4,400 10.705 0.2815 7.175 0.4223 5.353 4,800 12.800 0.3655 8.533 0.5484 6.400 0.7310 0.9294 5,200 15.022 0.4747 10.015 0.6971 7.511 5,600 17.422 0.5804 11 . 615 0.8707 8.711 10.000 1.1608 1.4278 6.000 20.000 0.7139 13.3.33 1.0710 26 Pipe and Elbow Chart ' Pressure and Horse-Power Required to Compensate for the Friction of Air Passing through Pipes — Continued < I 1 ! 1 1 DIAMETER OF PIPE | 6-inch 7-inch 8-inch 9-inch 1 10-inch Joe H. P. lost in Friction Qu "" Xz Loss of Press, in oz. per sq. in. H. P. lost in Friction 100 0.002 0.0000 0.002 0.0000 0.001 0.0000 0.001 0.0000 0.001 0.0000 200 0.007 0.0001 0.003 0.0001 0.005 0.0001 0.005 0.0001 0.004 0.0001 300 0.017 0.0003 0.014 0.0003 0.012 0.0004 0.011 0.0004 0.010 0.0004 400 0.030 0.0006 0.025 0.0007 0.022 0.0008 0.020 0.0009 0.013 0.0011 500 O.OiG 0.0012 0.040 0.0014 0.035 0.0017 0.031 0.0019 0.028 0.0021 GOO 0.067 0.0021 0.057 0.0025 0.050 0.0029 0.044 0.0032 0.040 0.0036 700 0.091 0.0034 0.078 0.0040 0.068 0.0045 0.060 0.0051 0.054 0.0057 800 0.119 0.0051 0.102 0.0059 0.089 0.0067 0.079 0.00^6 o.on 0.0085 900 0.150 0.0072 0.129 0.0084 0.112 0.0096 0.100 0.0108 0.090 0.0120 1,000 0.185 0.0099 0.159 0.0116 0.139 0.0132 0.123 0.0148 0.111 0.0165 1,100 0.224 0.0132 0.192 0.0154 0.168 0.0176 0.149 0.0198 0.134 0.0220 1,200 0.267 0.0171 0.229 0.0200 0.200 0.0230 0.178 0.0256 0.160 0.0283 1,300 0.313 0.0218 0.268 0.0254 0.235 0.0290 0.209 0.0327 0.188 0.0363 1,400 0.363 0.0272 0.311 0.0317 0.282 0.0363 0.242 0.0408 0.218 0.0453 1,500 0.417 0.0335 0.357 0.0390 0.312 0.0446 0.278 0.0502 0.250 0.0558 1,600 0.474 0.0406 0.406 0.0473 0.356 0.0541 0.316 0.0309 0.284 0.0677 1,700 0.535 0.0487 0.459 0.0568 0.401 0.0649 0.357 0.0731 0.321 0.0812 1,800 0.600 0.0578 0.514 0.0874 0.450 0.0771 0.400 0.0837, 0.360 0.0964 1,900 0.689 0.0680 0.573 0.0793 0.501 0.0907 0.446 0.1020| 0.401 0.1133 2,000 0.741 0.0793 0.635 0.0925 0.556 0.1058 0.493 0.1190 0.444 0.1322 2.200 0.896 0.1161 0.683 0.1232 0.672 0.1408 0.597 0.1583 0.538* 0.1760 1 2,400 1.067 0.1371 0.914 0.1600 0.800 0.1728 0.711 0.2053 0.640 0.2284 2,600 1.252 0.1743 1.073 0.2033 0.930 0.2324 0.835 0.2614 0.751 0.2904 2,800 1.452 0.2177 1.244 0.2539 1.089 0.2902 0.968 0.3265 o.sn 0.3628 3,000 1.667 0.2677 1.429 0.3123 1.250 0.3569 1.111 0.4016 1.000 0.4462 3,200 1 .896 0.3249 1.625 0.3790 1.422 0.4332 1.263 0.4873 1.138 0.5415 3,400 2.141 0.3897 1.835 0.4546 1.606 0.5237 1.427 0.5845 1.284 0.6495 3,600 2.400 0.4626 2.057 0.5397 1.800 0.6168 1.600 0.7039 1.440 0.7710 3,800 2.674 0.5441 2.292 0.6347 2.006 0.7254 1.783 0.8171 1.604 0.9038 4,000 2.963 0.6346 2.540 0.7403 2.222 0.8401 1.975 0.9518 1.778 1.0576 4,200 3.267 0.7346 2.800 0.8570 2.450 0.9794 2.178 1.1019 1.900 1.2243 4,400 3.569 0.8446 3.059 0.9854 2.676 1.1261 2.379 1.2669 2.141 1 . 4077 4,800 4.267 1.0964 3.657 1.2793 3.200 1.4620 2.844 1.6448 2.530 1.8275 5,200 5.007 1.3941 4.292 1.6265 3.756 1.85SS 3.339 2.0912 3.004 2.3236 5.600 5.807 1.7412 4.978 2.0314 4.356 2.3210 3.872 2.6118 3.484 2.9021 6,000 6.667 2.1416 5.714 2.4986 5.000 2.8555 4.444 3.2125 4.000 3.5694 | Weights of Elbows and Ducts 27 Pressure and Horse-Poiver Required to Compejisate for the Friction of Air Passing through Pipes — Continued Velocity of Air Feet per Minute DIAMETER OF PIPE 28-inch 30-inch j 32-inch 1 36-inch 40-inch ,1-i % t Xc C'" 2'" « * « . Xc Loss of Press, in oz. per sq. in. H. P. lost in Friction Loss of Press, in oz. per sq. in. H. P. lost in Friction 4J C §.2 100 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.0001 0.000 0.0001 0.000 0.0001 0.000 0.0001 200 0.002 0.0004 0.001 0.0094 0.001 0.0004 0.001 0.0005 0.001 0.0005 300 0.004 0.0012 0.003 0.0014 0.003 0.0014 0.003 0.0016 0.002 0.0018 400 0.003 0.0030 0.006 0.0032 0.006 0.0034 0.005 0.0038 0.004 0.0042 500 0.010 0.0058 0.009 0.0062 0.009 0.0066 0.008 0.0074 0.007 0.0083 600 0.014 0.0100 0.013 0.0107 0.012 0.0114 0.011 0.0128 0.010 0.0143 700 0.019 0.0159 0.018 0.0170 0.017 0.0181 0.015 0.0204 0.014 0.0227 800 0.025 0.0237 0.024 0.0254 0.022 0.0271 0.020 0.0305 0.018 0.0339 900 0.032 0.0337 0.030 0.0361 0.028 0.0385 0.025 0.0434 0.022 0.0482 1,000 0.040 0.0463 0.037 0.0496 0.035 0.0539 0.031 0.0595 0.028 0.0661 1,100 0.048 0.0316 0.045 0.0630 0.042 0.0704 0.035 0.0792 0.034 0.0880 1,200 0.057 0.0800 0.053 0.0857 0.050 0.0914 0.044 0.1024 0.040 0.1142 1,300 0.067 0.1017 0.063 0.1089 0.058 0.1162 0.052 0.1307 0.047 0.1452 1,400 0.078 0.1270 0.073 0.1360 0.068 0.1451 0.060 0.1632 0.054 0.1814 1,500 0.089 0.1562 0.083 0.1673 0.078 0.1785 0.069 0.2008 0.062 0.2231 1,600 0.102 0.1895 0.095 0.2031 0.089 0.2166 0.079 0.2437 0.071 0.2707 1,700 0.115 0.2273 0.107 0.2436 0.103 0.2598 0.089 0.2923 0.080 0.3247 1,800 0.129 0.2702 0.120 0.2891 0.112 0.3084 0.100 0.3469 0.090 0.3855 1.900 0.143 0.3174 0.134 0.3401 0.125 0.3627 0.111 0.4080 0.103 0.4534 2,000 0.159 0.3702 0.148 0.3966 0.139 0.4230 0.123 0.4759 0.111 0.5288 6,200 0.192 0.4927 0.179 0.5279 0.168 0.5631 0.149 0.6334 0.134 0.7038 2,400 0.239 0.6393 0.213 0.6855 0.200 0.6910 0.178 0.8224 0.160 0.9138 2,600 0.268 0.8132 0.250 0.8714 0.234 0.9294 0.209 1.0456 0.188 1.1618 2,800 0.311 1.0157 0.290 1.0884 0.272 1.1608 9.242 1.3059 0.218 1.4510 3,000 0.357 1.2490 0.333 1.3388 0.312 1.4280 0.278 1.6062 0.250 1.7847 3,200 0.406 1.5162 0.379 1.6246 0.356 1.7328 0.316 1.9494 0.284 2.1660 3,400 0.459 1.8186 0.428 1.9487 0.413 2.0950 0.357 2.3382 0.321 2.5980 3,600 0.514 2.1620 0.480 2.3132 0.450 2.4671 0.400 2.8153 0.360 3.0840 3,800 0.573 2.5389 0.535 2.7206 0.50] 2.9016 0.446 3.2683 0.401 3.6270 4,000 0.635 2.9613 0.593 3.1731 0.556 3.3843 0.494 3.8074 0.444 4.2304 4,200 0.700 3.4281 0.653 3.6729 0.612 3.9178 0.544 4.4075 0.490 4.8972 4,400 0.768 3.9415 0.717 4.2234 0.672 4.5045 0.595 5.0676 0.535 5.6307 4,800 0.914 5.1171 0.853 5.4836 0.800 5.8481 0.711 6.5791 0.640 7.3101 5,200 1.073 6.5059 1.011 6.9713 0.935 7.4354 0.835 8.3648 0.751 9.2942 5,600 1.244 8.1258 1.161 8.7070 1.089 9.2866 0.968 10.4474 0.871 11.6082 6,000 1.429 9.9918 1.333 10.7100 1.250 11.4221 1.111 12.8498 1.000 14.2776 28 Pipe and Elbow Chart Pressure and Horse-Power Required to Compensate for the Friction of Air Passing through Pipes — Continued U V 11 DIAMETER OF PIPE | 44-inch 48-inch 52-inch 56-inch 60-inch 4J C v> N • ,*. C III ^8c '11 w u ", y I c 100 0.000 0.0001 0.000 0.0001 0.000 0.0001 0.000 0.0001 0.000 0.0001 200 0.001 0.0003 0.001 0.0006 0.001 0.0007 0.001 0.0007 0.001 0.0038 300 0.002 0.0020 0.002, 0.0021 0.002 0.0023 0.002 0.0025 0.002 0.0027 400 0.001 0.0047 0.004 0.0051 0.003 0.0055 0.003 0.0059 0.003 0.0083 500 0.008^ 0.0031 0.006 0.0099 0.005 0.0107 0.005' 0.0116 0.005 0.0124 600 0.009 0.0157 0.008 0.0171 0.008 0.0183 0.007 0.0200 0.007 0.0214 700 0.012 0.0249 0.011 0.0272 0.010 0.0295 0.010 0.0317 0.009 0.0310 8;)0 0.016 0.0372 0.015 0.0405 0.014 0.0440 0.013 0.0474 0.012 0.0508 900 0.020 0.0530 0.019 0.0578, 0.017 0.0626 0.016 0.0375 0.015 0.0723 1,000 0.025 0.0727 0.023 0.0793 0.021 0.0859 0.020 0.0925 0.019 0.0991 1,100 0.030 0.0988 0.028' 0.1055 0.026 0.1144 0.024' 0.1232 0.022 0.1320 1,200 0.036 0.1253 0.033 0.1371 0.031 0.1485 0.029 0.1599 0.027 0.1713 1,300 0.043 0.1597 0.039 0.1746 0.036 0.1888 0.034 0.2033 0.031 0.2178 1,400 0.049 0.1995 0.045 0.2177 0.042 0.2360 0.039 0.2539 0.033 0.2721 1,500 0.057 0.2451 0.052 0.2677 0.048 0.2900 0.045 0.3123 0.042 0.3346 1,000 0.069 0.2938 0.059 0.3249, 0.055 0.3520 0.051 0.3790 0.047 0.4031 1,700 0.073 0.3572 0.087 0.3897, 0.082 0.4220 0.057 0.4546 0.051 0.4871 1.800 0.082 0.4240 0.075 0.4628 0.069 0.5011 0.034 0.5406 0.030 0.5782 1,900 0.091 0.4987 0.084 0.5440 0.077 0.5890 0.072 0.6347 0.037 0.6800 2,000 0.101 0.5817 0.093 0.6346 0.085 0.6874 0.079 0.7403 0.074 0.7932 2.200 0.122 0.7742 0.112 0.8146 0.103 0.91.50 0.096 0.9854, 0.090 1.1607 2,400 0.145 1.0051 0.133 1.0965 0.123 1.1879 0.119 1.2793 0.107 1.3706 2. GOO 0.171 1.2779 0.153 1.3941 0.144 1.5103 0.134 1.6265 0.125 1.7427 2,800 0.198 1.5961 0.181 1.7412 0.168 1.8834 0.156 2.0314 0.145 2.1765 3,000 0.227 1.9332 0.208 2.1416 0.192 2.3201 0.179 2.4979 0.167 2.6771 3,200 0.259 2.3826 0.237 2.5002 0.219 2.8157 0.203 3.0324 0.190 3.2489 3,400 0.292 2.8578 0.288 3.1176 0.247 3.3764 0.229 3.6372 0.214 3.8970 3.G00 0.327 3.3924 0.300 3.7007 0.279 4.0091 0.257 4.3239 0.240' 4.6259 3,800 0.365 3.9897 0.334 4.3481 0.309 4.7519 0.287 5.0779 0.267 5.4406 4,000 0.401 4.6934 0.370 5.0765 0.342 5.4995 0.317 5.9226 0.296 6.3453 4,200 0.445 5.4669 0.408 5.8767 0.377 6.3664 0.350 6.8581 0.327 7.3458 4,400 0.487 6.1937 0.446 6.7568 0.414 7.3199 0.384 7.8829 0.357 8.4460 4,800 0.582 8.0411 0.533 8.7722 0.492 9.5032 0.457 10.2342 0.42710.9612 5.200 0.683 10.2236 0.626 11.1530 0.57812.0824 0.537 13.0119 0.501 13.9413 5,G00 0.792 12.7690 0.726 13.9300 0.670 15.0907 0.622 16.2515 0.581 17.4123 G.OOO 0.900 15.7054 0.833 17.1331 0.769' 18. 5609 0.714 19.9835 0.667 21.4164 Weights of Elbows and Ducts 29 Pressure and Horse-Pozver Required to Compensate for the Friction of Air Passing through Pipes — Continued < 1 DIAMETER OF PIPE 11-inch tl2-inch 13- nch 14- nch 16- inch c " m "" Xc .!■! f Xc I N • ^ c °£'" Hi — XC 4^ *i c te , Xc ^ic ID— a Hi *. c II) u Xc 100 0.001 0.0000 0.001 0.0000 0.001 0.0000 0.001 0.0000 O.OOI 0.0000 200 0.004 0.0001 0.004 0.0002 0.003 0.0002 0.003 0.0002 0.003 0.0002 300 0.009 0.0005 0.008 0.0005 0.008 0.0006 0.007 0.0006 0.003 0.0007 400 0.016 0.0012 0.015 0.0013 0.014 0.0014 0.013 0.0015 0.011 0.0017 500 0.025 0.0023 0.023 0.0025 0.021 0.0027 0.020 0.0029 0.017 0.0033 600 0.036 0.0039 0.033 0.0043 0.031 0.0046 0.029 0.0050 0.025 0.0057 700 0.049 0.0062 0.045 0.0068 0.041 0.0074 0.039 0.0079 0.034 0.0091 800 0.064 0.0093 0.059 0.0102 0.055 0.0109 0.051 0.0118 0.044 0.0135 900 0.081 0.0132 0.075 0.0145 0.069 0.0157 0.064 0.0169 0.056 0.0193 1,000 0.101 0.0182 0.092 0.0198 0.085 0.0215 0.079 0.0231 0.069 0.0264 1,100 0.122 0.0242 0.112 0.0264 0.103 0.0283 0.096 0.0308 0.084 0.0352 1,200 0.145 0.0314 0.133 0.0343 0.123 0.0371 0.114 0.0400 0.100 0.0457 1,300 0.170 0.0399 0.156 0.0437 0.144 0.0472 0.134 0.0508 0.117 0.0581 1,400 0.198 0.0499 0.181 0.0544 0.167 0.0589 0.156 0.0835 0.136 0.0726 1,500 0.227 0.0613 0.208 0.0609 0.192 0.0725 0.179 0.0781 0.156 0.0892 1,600 0.259 0.0735 0.237 0.0812 0.219 0.0880 0.203 0.0948 0.178 0.1083 1,700 0.292 0.0893 0.268 0.0974 0.247 0.1055 0.229 0.1137 0.207 0.1299 1,800 0.327 0.1060 0.300 0.1156 0.278 0.1253 0.257 0.1351 0.225 0.1542 1,'JOO 0.365 0.1247 0.334 0.1360 0.308 0.1472 0.287 0.1587 0.251 0.1814 2,000 0.404 0.1454 0.370 0.1583 0.341 0.1719 0.317 0.1851 0.278 0.2115 2,200 0.489 0.1936 0.448 0.2111 0.413 0.2287 0.384 0.2463 0.336 0.2815 2,400 0.582 0.2513 0.533 0.2741 0.492 0.2970 0.457 0.3198 0.400 0.3455 2,600 0.683 0.3195 0.626 0.3485 0.,578 0.3776 0.537 0.4063 0.468 0.4647 2,800 0.792 0.3990 0.726 0.4353 0.670 0.4716 0.622 0.5079 0.544 0..5804 3,000 0.909 0.4908 0.833 0.5354 0.769 0.5800 0.714 0.6245 0.625 0.7140 3,200 1.034 0.5956 0.948 0.6498 0.875 0.7039 0.813 0.7581 0.711 0.8364 3,400 1.168 0.7144 1.070 0.7794 0.988 0.8141 0.917 0.9093 0.827 1.0475 3,600 1.309 0.8481 1.200 0.9252 1.114 1.0023 1.029 1.0800 0.900 1.2335 3,800 1.459 0.9974 1.337 1.0871 1.234 1.1880 1.146 1.2695 1.003 1.4508 4,000 1.616 1.1734 1.481 1.2691 1.367 1.3749 1.270 1.4807 1.111 1.6922 4.200 1.782 1.3667 1.633 1.4692 1.508 1.5916 1.400 1.7140 1.225 1.9589 4,400 1.946 1.5484 1.784 1.6892 1.655 1.8300 1.537 1.9707 1.344 2.2522 4,800 2.327 2.0103 2.133 2.19.30 1.969 2.3758 1.829 2.5585 1.600 2.9241 5,200 2.731 2.5559 2.504 2.7882 2.311 3.0206 2.146 3.2530 1.871 3.7177 5,600 3.168 3.1923 2.904 3.4825 2.680 3.7727 2.481 4.0629 2.178 4.6433 6,000 3.636 3.9263 3.333 4.2833 3.077 4.6402 2.857 4.9959 2.500 5.7110 30 Pipe and Elbow Chart Pressure and Horse-Poiver Required to Co Friction of Air Passing through Pipes mjjensate for the -Concluded U 4> < g 1 1 DIAMETER OF PIPE 1 18-mch 20-inch 22- inch 24- inch 26-inch 1 HI 2"". 0" « * M u ^£ Xc « • .p C M u Xc 4^ 11 , u Xc 4^. *i c « -2 "5 u ^^ Xc 100 0.001 0.0000 0.001 0.0000 0.001 0.0000 0.000 0.0000 0.000 0.0000 200 0.002 0.0002 0.002 0.0003 0.002 0.0003 0.002 0.0003 0.002 0.0003 300 0.006 0.0008 0.005 0.0009 0.005 0.0010 0.004 0.0011 0.004 0.0012 400 0.010 0.0019 0.009 0.0021 0.008 0.0023 0.007 0.0025 0.007 0.0027 500 0.016 0.0037 0.014 0.0041 0.013 0.0045 0.012 0.0050 o.on 0.0054 600 0.022 0.0064 0.020 0.0071 0.018 0.0079 0.017 0.0086 0.015 0.0093 700 0.030 0.0102 0.027 0.0113 0.025 0.0125 0.023 0.0136 0.021 0.0147 800 0.040 0.0152 0.036 0.0169 0.032 0.018) 0.029 0.0203 0.027 0.0220 900 0.050 0.0217 0.045 0.0241 0.041 0.0265 0.037 0.0289 0.035 0.0313 1,000 0.062 0.0297 0.056 0.0330 0.051 0.0364 0.046 0.0397 0.043 0.0430 1,100 0.075 0.0396 0.067 0.0440 0.061 0.0481 0.056 0.0528 0.052 0.0572 1,200 0.089 0.0512 0.080 0.0571 0.073 0.0628 0.037 0.0885 0.032 0.0742 1,300 0.104 0.0654 0.094 0.0726 0.085 0.0709 0.078 0.0873 0.072 0.0944 1,400 0.121 0.0816 0.109 0.0907 0.099 0.0938 0.091 0.1088 O.OSi 0.1179 1,500 0.139 0.1004 0.125 0.1115 0.114 0.1227 0.104 0.1339 0.096 0.1450 1,600 0.158 0.1218 0.142 0.1354 0.129 0.1469 0.119 0.1624 0.109 0.1760 1.700 0.178 0.1461 0.161 0.1624 0.146 0.1780 0.134 0.1948 0.124 0.2110 1,800 0.200 0.1735 0.180 0.1927 0.164 0.2120 0.150 0.2313 0.139 0.2506 1,900 0.223 0.2040 0.201 0.2267 0.182 0.2494 0.167 0.2720 0.154 0.2945 2,000 0.247 0.2380 0.222 0.2644 0.202 0.2908 0.185 0.3173 0.171 0.3437 2,200 0.299 0.3167 0.269 0.3519 0.244 0.38n 0.224 0.4223 0.207 0.4575 2,400 0.356 0.4112 0.320 0.4569 0.291 0.5026 0.287 0.5483 0.248 0.5939 2,600 0.417 0.5228 0.376 0.5809 0.341 0.6390 0.313 0.6971 0.289 0.7552 2,800 0.484 0.6530 0.436 0.7255 0.396 0.7981 0.363 0.8706 0.335 0.9432 3.000 0.556 0.8031 0.500 0.8923 0.455 0.9818 0.417 1.0708 0.385 1.1601 3,200 0.632 0.9747 0.569 1.0830 0.517 1.1913 0.474 1.2996 0.438 1.4079 3.400 0.714 1.1690 0.642 1.2990 0.581 1.4289 0.535 1.5588 0.494 1.6882 3.600 O.SOO 1.4078 0.720 1.5420 0.655 1.6962 0.600 1.8504 0.557 2.0046 3.800 0.891 1.6342 0.802 1.8135 0.729 1.9949 0.669 2.1742 0.617 2.. 3760 4,000 0.988 1.9037 0.889 2.1152 0.808 2.3467 0.741 2.5382 0.684 2.7498 4,200 1.089 2.2037 0.980 2.4486 0.891 2.7335 0.817 2.9383 0.754 3.1832 4,400 1.189 2.5338 1.071 2.8153 0.973 3.0969 0.892 3.3784 0.827 3.6599 4.800 1.422 3.2898 1.280 3.6551 1.164 4.0206 1.067 4.3881 0.985^ 4.7516 5,200 1.670 4.1824 1.502 4.6471 1.366 5.1118 1.252 5.5765 1.156 6.0412 5,600 1.936 5.2237 1.742 5.8041 1.581 6.3845 1.452 6.9649 1.340 7.5153 6.000 2.222 6.42491 2.000 7.1388 1.818 7.8527 1.667 8.5666 1.538 9.2804 Weights of Elbows and Ducts 31 Factor Table for Reducing the Weight of Galvanised Iron Pipe of any Given Gauge to That of any Other Gauge 3 Gauge and Weight in Pounds per Square Foot 1 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 4.53 1.00 3.91 0.83 3.28 0.72 2.97 0.66 2.66 0.59 0.53 2.16 0.48 1.90 0.42 1.66 0.37 1.53 0.34 1.41 0.31 1.28 0.28 1.16 0.26 1.03 0.23 0.91 0.20 0.84 0.78 0.190.17 12 13 1.16 1.00 0.84 0.76 0.68 0.62 0.55 0.49 0.43 0.39 0.36 0.33 0.30 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.20 14 1.38 1.19 1.00 0.91 0.81 0.74 0.6G 0.5S 0.51 0.47 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.32 0.28 0.26 0.24 15 1.53 1.32 1.10 1.00 0.90 0.81 0.73 0.64 0.56 0.52 0.48 0.43 0.39 0.35 0.31 0.280.27 16 1.70 1.47 1.23 1.11 1.000.91 0.81 0.71 0.62 0.58 0.530.48 0.44 0.39 0.34 0.320.29 17 1.88 1.62 1.36 1.23 1.101.00 0.90 0.79 0.69 0.03 0.590.530.48'0.43 0.38 0.350.32 1 18 2.10 1.81 1.52 1.38 1.231.12 1.00 0.83 0.77 0.71 0.65 0.59 0.54 0.48 0.42 0.39 0.36 19 2.3812.06 1.73 1.56 1.401.27 1.11 1.00 0.87 0.81 0.74 0.67 0.610.54 0.48 0.44 0.41 20 2.72 2.36 1.98 1.79 1.60 1.45 1.30 1.16 1.00 0.92 0.85 0.77 0.70 0.62 0.55 0.510.47 1 21 2.96 2.56 2.14 1.94 1.74 1.57 1.41 1.24 1.09 1.00 0.92 0.84 0.76 0.67 0.59 0.55 0.51 22 3.21 2.77 2.32 2.10 1.89 1.71 1.53 1.35 1.18 1.08 1.00 0.910.8210.73 0.65 0.60 0.55 23 3.54 8.07 2.56 2.32 2.08 1.88 1.69 1.49 1..30 1.20 1.10 1.00 0.91 0.81 o.n 0.660.61 24 3.90 3.37 2.82 2.56 2.29 2.08 1.86 1.61 1.43 1.32 1.22 1.10 1.00 0.89 0.78 0.72 0.67 25 4.40 3.79 3.18 2.88 2.58 2.34 2.10 1.86 1.61 1.49 1.37 1.24 1.12 1.00 0.880.82 0.76 26 4.98 4.30 3.603.26 2.92 2.65 2.37 2.10 1.82 1.68 1.55 1.41 1.27 1.13 1.00 0.92 0.86 1 1 27 5.40 4.66 3.903.54 3.17 2.87 2..57 2.28 1.96 1.82 1.68 1.52 1.38 1.23 1.08 1.00 0.93 28 5.81 5.01 4.203.80 3.41 3.09 2.77 2.45 2.13 1.96 1.81 1.64 1.49 1.32 1.171.08 1.00 The table above serves for the estimation of weights of pipe of other gauges than those given in the pre- ceding table. Thus, suppose it is desired to find the weight of 28-inch pipe made of No. i6 gauge. As indicated in the preceding table, pipe of this size made of No. 22 gauge weighs 11.4 pounds per running foot. By the table above, the figure found at the junction of the column headed 16 and the line designated 22 is 1.89; therefore, the weight per foot of No. 16 gauge is 11.4X 1.89 = 21.55 pounds. 32 Pipe and Elbow Chart I ->} cc -* to Equalization of Pipe Diameters ^ This table shows the relation of the com- g^n bined area of small round air ducts or pipes ^^^ to the area of one large main duct. <^^^^ The bold figures at the top of the col- '^^r^r^ ci CO eo vo in CO •* in«D t- "^ in o 1-- Ci (M (M CQ cQ CO in C* Ol -M (M CO in «5 t- I ci CO in <» CO oi r-li-Hi— i-H^r-l(MCi I M CO in t^ C5 rH (N -^ I 1-1 rH rH r-l r4 CQ oi (m' C» CvJ OJ OJ (N C^ 0200J-*in|8>03rH rH(NCQ <= '-^. ^ ^i; «> « small pipes or ducts ; those in the left- ' hand vertical column are the diam- ^ eters of the main pipes. The small ^Jlt,CrJt.^Z^ figures show the number of small pipes that each main duct will supply. \ Example: — To supply six- ^r teen 10-inch pipes: Refer ^^J to column having 10 at "^rH'r the top; follow down to ^^•^•' small figure 16, thence 52^.^;^.; left on the horizontal line of the boldface figure in the outside column, and we ^ OJ -f O CO o i-l ^ i-H 1-J C! ■* t^ 00 1-1 (^^ c^ 1-1 CO in o r^ OJ (N C\J Cl (M -* (» c: o Ci * CO m t- o C'O tc r-l iH i-l CJ (M OJ CQ CO* CO* CO* ?D Oi rH -* O Ci tH in 00 r-l rH th (^^ (N oi ' oj CO* CO CO* ■* O OJ -* C5 i-l -^ O iH •«*< t^ ^^^ CQ OC^ o din t- o ^D CO* co" CO* ■* -f t- Ci OJ CO CO* CO* CO ^ -t C5 OJ -f 00 CO CO* ■** -*' ■*' in* j in (»' CO in 00 CQ in rH in Si '^^ ■.j< ■*' in* in CO I CO* co" i~ rH t- O 't' tH CO C^ CO in m CO CO t- t- t- 00 1-1 cocooociin ocooooit-'r-imi-ico-f c. coo jcoco •^•*-ti>oo oooj in CO 1-1 ■* 00 cj t- 1-1 1> 1* o in ri o i-ii-icj I (M CO eo -^ Ir- O CO CO Ci CJ t- r-l CO (M i> rH 00 in O Ci CO O i-Io}iM!M(Nco'co-*Mo6oocft | fi nd that one 30 c^ "^J. "'. t^ rn -<< oo « co i-h in o t- ^ oi in co ,-< o o r-i w co -^ co co oo _ '~i-irHrH'MCioieo'co'^-ooc>05"i i inch main will ,-ciinooc-> cooiTjiciin oit-Mcoo cocooi-KMCo-^m *" " *rHoi<>iMco"coTi<'in*incDJ>o6o6oi | _ ... - _; 00 o O oi ■r^T^r-^ i-l tH rH rH r^ rH CI Ol supply air for the sixteen 1 - i n c h c pipes. es' in 1-1 00 CO rH* C^ (M CO COCOOiCOCO (-^>00C0Ol-IC>-2CQ00ClO 1-1 • • • • r-l r-l tH r-l rH (M Oi CO CO "ti in in I CO t- t- 00 I t- o in o CO (M 02 i> in -^ I -t< CO o cj CO -f 1 l--rHi-lrHi-l i-iiMOiioco,^-*incoi>,ooc2 Oi CO (NCQCo-^-^lmcot-cOdl int^CJO'rNComt-Ooicot- i-li-lT-l(Me*(M(>i(>iCOCOCOCO I ■ i — I I 00 i> CO t> 00 CI o CO -*< CO t- o 1-1 CO in 00 O o in t- o co m o •|_.._;_-.,'_-,i-lrHi-liHi-l i-((M(M-i 00 t- t- t- ! (ft CI o (N -i< ' in 00 e> IN -* t- o> ojin 00 ' o cd in i-i CO rH 1-1 r-l , tH iH O* (M C* d 04 CO CO CO 1 ■* t^i •^ lO in ^^ v;^ ,i^ coco-^inco,t-05 I int^cicoci'i-icocoooo ococicjin eicooooco oieoococj oo-fo r-ir-ii-^i-iciC(CJdcococo-*-* O O 1-1 CO CO 00 1-1 -f CO OJ • -1— Ir-lrH rHCJCiCiCO rH d CO Tf" in l> CI I OOi-lt^COCSCJCOOlCOt^ Ot^COClCO 1— ii— II— idd.coco-^-^in d -*< m I- oi l> CO C* CO O CO Ci Ol t~ CO Ift . • I-1 1-1 d d CO "" ■■ inoo cocoddco!r-ioor-05c» i-idco-* ( 00 C5 in d O CO {^ iH Ci Ci d CO i-lr-li COt-i oin ( : in j CO CO i^ i )?^'oo i-icii ) Ci o d CJ ■ I CO in C2 in I -KCOOO r^ 1 Ci Ci Ci CO in 00 o CO CO o t~ in o ■ -fC5coc;->' CM^dOt cocoT»i-#in,mcot-oo( ■in (o r-eoa>^ ' m CO o o CO d CO o -f c: I -f i- ^ -f CO CO CO -:f< -r -t< »-,.-•-»-•.— ^— »— »— »— ^— t>>J CM CM CM CM CM , CM CM < Ci O O 1— I CO d Cl t^ 00 CO r- o p o go o ir I d I !• O 00 m ; c; O 1— I CJ c< CO ■ m in CD CO i^ , I- 00 CO .— CM CO »r in ' CO r crjcococococococo Weights of Elbows and Ducts 33 Area and Circumference of Circles Is AREA CIRCUM- FERENCE i| AREA CIRCUM- FERENCE Square Sq. Inches Ft. & Square Sq. Inches Ft.& 5"^ Inches Feet Dec. 5"! Inches Feet Dec. 1 .7854 .0054 3.1416 .2618 51 2043. 14.19 160.3 13.35 2 3.1410 .0218 6.2832 .5236 52 2124. 14.75 163.4 13.61 3 7.0680 .0491 9.4248 .7854 53 2206. 15.32 166.5 13.88 4 12.5660 .0873 12.5664 1.047 54 2290. 15.90 169.6 14.14 5 19.6350 .1364 15.708 1.309 55 2376. 16.50 172.8 14.40 6 28.2740 .1964 18.8496 1.571 56 2463. 17.10 175.9 14.66 7 38.4840 .2673 21.9911 1.833 57 2552. 17.72 179.0 14.93 8 50.2650 .3491 25.1327 2.094 58 2643. 18.35 182.2 15.18 9 63.617 .4418 28.2743 2.356 59 2734. 18.99 185.3 15.45 10 78.540 .5454 31.4159 2.618 60 2827. 19.63 188.5 15.71 11 95.033 .6600 34.5575 2.880 61 2922. 20.29 191.6 15.97 12 113.097 .7854 37.6991 3.142 62 3019. 20.97 194.8 16.23 13 132.732 .9218 40.8407 3.403 63 3117. 21.65 197.9 16.49 14 153.938 1.069 43.9823 3.665 64 3217. 22.34 201.1 16.76 15 176.715 1.227 47.1239 3.927 65 3318. 23.04 204.2 17.02 16 201.062 1.396 50.2655 4.189 66 3421. 23.76 207.3 17.28 17 226.980 1.576 53.4071 4.451 67 3536. 24.48 210.5 17.54 18 254.469 1.767 56.5487 4.712 68 3632. 25.23 213.6 17.80 19 283.529 1.969 59.6903 4.974 69 3739. 25.97 216.8 18.06 20 314.160 2.182 62.8319 5.236 70 3848. 26.73 219.9 18.33 21 346.361 2.405 65.9734 5.498 71 3959. 27.49 223.1 18.59 23 380.133 2.640 69.1150 5.760 72 4072. 28.27 226.2 18.85 23 415.476 2.885 72.2566 6.021 73 4185. 29.07 229.3 19.11 24 452.290 3.142 75.3982 6.283 74 4301. 39.87 232.5 19.37 25 490.875 3.409 78.5398 6.545 75 4418. 30.68 235.6 19.63 26 530.930 3.687 81.6814 6.807 76 4536. 31.50 238.8 19.90 27 572.556 3.976 84.8230 7.069 77 4657. 33.34 241.9 20.16 28 615.753 4.276 87.9646 7.330 78 4778. 33.18 245.0 20.42 29 660.521 4.587 91.1062 7.592 79 4:)02. 34.04 248.2 20.68 30 706.860 4.909 94.2478 7.854 80 5027. 34.91 251.3 20.94 31 754.769 5.241 97.3894 8.116 81 5153. 35.78 254.5 21.21 32 804.249 5.585 100.5312 8.378 82 5281. 36.67 257.6 21.47 33 855.300 5.940 103.6730 8.639 83 5411. 37.57 260.8 21.73 34 907.922 6.305 106.8140 8.901 84 5542. 38.48 263.9 21.99 35 962.115 6.681 109.9560 9.163 85 5675. 39.41 267.0 23.25 36 1017.870 7.069 113.0970 9.425 86 5809. 40.34 270.2 22.. 51 37 1075.210 7.467 116.2390 9.686 87 5945. 41.38 273.3 22.78 38 1134.120 7.876 119.3810 9.948 88 6082. 42.24 276.5 23.04 39 1194.590 8.296 122.5220 10.21 89 6221. 43.20 279.6 23.30 40 1256.640 8.727 125.6640 10.47 90 6362. 44.18 282.7 23.56 41 1320.250 9.168 128.8050 10.73 91 6504. 45.17 285.9 23.83 42 1385.440 9.621 131.947C 10.99 92 6648. 46.16 289.0 .34.09 43 1452.200 10.084 135.088C 11.26 93 6793. 47.17 292.2 24.35 44 1520.530 10.559 138.2300 11.52 94 6940. 48.19 295.3 24.61 45 1590.430 11.044 141.3720 11.78 95 7088. 49.32 298.5 24.87 46 1661.900 11.534 144.5130 12.04 96 7238. 50.27 301.6 25.13 47 1734.940 12.048 147.6550 12.30 97 7390. 51.32 304.7 25.39 48 1809.560 12.566 150.7960 12.57 98 7543. 52.38 307.9 25.66 49 1885.740 13.095 153.938C 12.83 99 7698. 53.46 311.0 25.92 50 1963.500 13.635 157.0800 13.09 ' 100 7855. 54.54 314.2 26.18 34 Pipe and Elbow Chart o c in . 2 1? Si l«-# a : - ; CO CD CO op li^'lO Ift CD o ■<*< a* El sl 6 inch 6 " 6-8 " 6-8 " 7-8 " 5-6 " 6-8 " S3 S.S s >n CD oo ^ CD in CO J> ■* krt CO lO o -|< '^ in • in cD Ci Si s CO a r? a ;- '7 a i= r S- a c c a c ;- a c a c C a y c * y a c e a c 1 7- V a t e cc C a a s - c -y - a y a c ? c -t- c a c c > a c r o" y a e c- a 1- c c z c 1 y i. p: e- c c a c a "Z c c c- y y y d p: c §■ ; V r a e r y a I C c :' 1 c c a a 1 a c r y "c- -"a 1 a ~ c y "r y ;. a a y 1 a c a r f a 1 a 2 O..S eg a o "^ fl -•. feg.e 1 o 4J o ® ^& h'^S .a V «M^ Weights of Elbows and Ducts 35 Hoods for Wood-Working Machines, etc. Hood for Emery Wheel Jointer Hood Resaw Hopper 4^^ Hopper for Swing Saw [Hopper for Circular Saw \^ ' ^ ~ Floor Sweep-up Hood for Sand Drum Lower Matcher Hood Sticker Hood 36 Pipe and Elbow Chart Hoods for Wood-Working Machines, etc. \\ 77 Matcher Hoods for Top and Sides 7~7 Sticker Hood Hood for Berlin Sander Matcher Hood for Top and Sides Weights of Elbows and Ducts Flue and Register Dimensions 37 SIZE OF SIZE OF SIZE OF SIZE OF SIZE OF SIZE OF FLUE REGISTER FLUE REGISTER FLUE REGISTER X, a. « Q X J3 X Ml ■« X a X *» X 5 4J X M 1 X 0. Q X X X - X 6 6 6 9 10 20 20 16 14 12 12 24 6 8 8 10 10 22 22 16 14 14 14 22 6 10 10 10 10 24 24 16 14 16 16 22 6 12 12 9 10 28 28 16 14 18 18' 21 6 14 14 9 10 30 30 16 14 20 20 22 6 16 16 9 14 22 22 22 12 8 8 18 14 24 24 22 8 6 6 12 12 10 10 18 14 26 26 23 8 8 8 12 12 12 12 18 14 28 28 22 8 10 10 12 12 14 14 18 14 30 30 22 8 12 12 12 12 16 16 18 14 36 36 22 8 14 14 12 12 18 18 18 8 16 16 12 12 20 20 20 16 10 10 24 8 18 18 12 12 22 22 20 16 12 12 24 8 20 20 12 12 24 24 18 16 14 14 24 8 22 22 14 12 26 26 20 16 16 16 24 8 24 24 12 12 28 28 20 16 18 18 24 12 30 30 18 16 20 20 24 9 9 9 14 12 36 36 18 16 22 22 24 9 10 10 14 16 24 24 24 9 12 12 14 13 9 9 20 16 30 30 24 9 14 14 14 13 12 12 20 16 32 32 24 9 16 16 14 13 14 14 20 16 36 36 24 9 18 18 14 13 16 15 20 9 20 20 14 13 18 18 21 18 12 12 30 9 22 22 14 13 20 20 20 18 14 14 22 9 24 24 16 13 22 22 20 18 16 16 28 13 24 24 20 18 18 18 27 10 8 8 16 13 26 26 20 18 20 20 28 10 10 10 16 13 28 28 20 18 22 22 28 10 12 12 16 13 30 30 20 18 24 24 27 10 14 It 16 13 36 36 20 18 28 28 28 10 16 16 16 18 30 30 28 10 18 18 J6 14 10 10 24 18 36 36 28 Friction Effect of Elbows THE effect of air friction through elbows in a ventilating system has considerable to do with its successful operation. No elbow should have a throat radius less than twice the diameter of the ducts in a 90 degree turn. The accompanying diagram 2 3 4 5 6 Radius of Elbow at Throat In Diameters of Pipe 38 Friction Effect of Elbows 39 illustrates the relation between the radius of the elbow and the equivalent length of the straight ducts which that type of elbow represents. For example : An elbow of which the radius of the throat is equal to the diam- eter of the duct, is equivalent to a straight pipe of a length equal to ten times the diameter of the duct. With a 90 degree elbow, with a square heel or throat, the equivalent length is equal to that of a straight pipe 87 times the diameter of the duct. Too much stress cannot be placed upon this rule in the laying out of round or rectangular elbows. Carrying Capacities of Round and Rectangular Air Pipes THE relative carrying capacity of air pipes carry- ing heated air, as influenced by the shape of the air pipe, was discussed at some length at one of the lectures before a class in heating conducted by James A. Donnelly, at the Harlem Branch of the Y. M. C. A., New York. Mr. Donnelly has expanded his talk on this detail since that time and supplied the information given below, accompanied by a chart. He considers that the relative carrying capacity of round and rectangular section pipes may be very closely estimated on the basis of formulas of the flow of fluids through pipes. He therefore goes to the Weisbach formula, which, he explains, states that the comparative carrying capacity for various forms or shapes of pipes is proportional to an expression which is the product of the area and the square root of the quotient of the area divided by the perimeter of the pipe. The perimeter is, of course, the distance around the pipe. If the pipes to be compared are all to have the same area then the carrying capacity of pipes of equal area, but of different shape, is proportional to the quotient of the square root of the perimeter divided by the perimeter. To apply the foregoing, four different shape pipes have been considered, each with an area of 144 sq. in. A circle with a diameter of 13.54 in. has an area of 144 sq. in. Similarly a square duct 12 in. on a side has this area, also a rectangular duct 6 x 24 and one 4 x 36 in. The perimeter — that is, the circumference — of the 40 Carrying Capacities of Pipes 41 circle is equal to about 42.6 in., and the square root of 42.6 is equal to 6.52. Then 6.52, divided by 42.6, is equal to 0.153. The perimeter of the square pipe is 48; the square root of 48 is 6.93, and 6.93 divided by 48 is equal to 0.144. If we are to compare the carry- ing capacity of the different pipes with the circular pipe, we find that the relative carrying capacity of the square pipe, as compared with the round, is as 0.144 is to 0.153, or 0.94 to I. This means that if the carry- ing capacity of the round pipe is regarded as 100 per cent., a square pipe of the same area, on account of its greater perimeter and the greater resistance which this interposes to the flow of air, passes only 94 per cent, as much air as will pass through the round pipe, all other conditions, such as temperature and pressure causing flow, being the same. The perimeter of a 6 x 24-in. duct is 60 in., and the square root of 60 divided by 60 is 0.129. Similarly the perimeter of a 4 x 36-in. pipe is 80 and the square root of 80 divided by 80 is equal to 0.112. Therefore the carrying capacity of a 6 x 24-in. pipe, as compared with a circular pipe of the same area, is as 0.129 is to 0.153 o^ 84 P^^ cent., and the relative carrying capacity of the 4 x 36-in. pipe is equal to 0.112-^0.53 = 0.73, or 73 per cent. On the basis of these figures a curved line may be drawn as shown in the accompanying chart. The hori- zontal lines indicate the percentage which the small dimension of a rectangular pipe bears to the large dimension, while the vertical lines correspond to the percentage of capacity for carrying the air which the 42 Pipe and Elbow Chart pipe has, as compared with the circular pipe of the same area. With the square pipe the two sides are equal and thus the small dimension is equal to lOO per cent, of the large dimension. We find on the loo per cent, line that the carrying capacity is 94 per cent., as already shown. In the case of a 6 x 24-in. pipe, the short dimension is one-quarter and therefore 25 per cent, of the larger dimension, and we find that the curve shows <-< 1 CO OS <-) 1 — l> 1 s a 'O • / / s / ^ 1 u> T« . / a / / S CO / / "o / / 53 0* M ■e ^ ^' ffi ) ___^ -^ m — □ _^ 7 o_ 8 _a IC Percentage of Air Carrying Capjicity as Compared with Round Pipe of Equal Area that the carrying capacity is 84 per cent., as has also already been stated, of the equal size round pipe. Simi- larly an 8x i8-in. pipe, which would have an area of Carrying Capacities of Pipes 43 144 sq. in., has its shortest side equal to 44.4 per cent. of the longer side. Opposite to a line corresponding to 44 per cent, we find that the curve crosses a vertical line corresponding to about 90 per cent., showing that the 8 X i8-in. has 90 per cent, of the carrying capacity of an equal size round pipe. Again, suppose the air pipe is 3^x41.2. This would have an area of about 144 sq. in. In this case the shorter side is 8^ per cent, of the longer side and the curve shows that the pipe has a carrying capacity no greater than 69 per cent, of an equal size round pipe. When it is remembered that pipes in these shallow constructions are oftentimes much reduced in area through carelessness in installation and through the pressure which they have to bear from plaster forced against them, some idea of the importance of the shape of the pipe is indicated. Comparing the 3^ X4i.2-in. pipe with, say, a 6 x 24-in. pipe, we find that their rela- tive carrying capacities are 69 and 84 per cent., so that the shallower pipe, while having 69 per cent, of the carrying capacity of the round pipe, has about 82 per cent, of the carrying capacity of the 6 x 24-in. pipe. The chart shows that there is no material falling off in the capacity of the pipes until the smaller dimen- sion of the rectangular pipe falls somewhat below 50 per cent, of the larger dimension. Then the reduction in capacity is very marked. Mr. Donnelly did not attempt to apply the formula for forms of pipe of the so-called oval in section, such as the flat pipes with rounded ends. He thinks that the results would vary but slightly from those shown, as 44 Pipe and Elbow Chart the perimeter of a flat pipe 6 x 24 in. is 60 in., while the perimeter of a 6-in. width pipe with 3-in. radius round ends would be about 57.4 in. The foregoing tends to elucidate an important factor in the proportioning of systems of gravity heating, like the furnace system. It is common to use round pipes from the furnace to the wall pipes. If the wall pipes are given a proper size, then it is advantageous to have the round pipes somewhat larger. Unfortunately, many systems are designed with respect to the round pipe leaving the furnace and then some convenient size rect- angular pipe is used, generally not larger than the round pipe. The foregoing shows that the scpare pipe has not the same carrying capacity as the round pipe, so that if the round pipe is of the minimum size, the rectangular wall pipe should be somewhat larger in cross sectional area. Carrying Capacities of Pipes 45 WEIGHT OF WROUGHT IRON AND STEEL SHEETS Weights per Square Foot. Thickness by American (Brown & Sharpe's) Gauge No. of Gauge Thickness in Inches Iron Steel 0000 .46 18.46 18.70 000 .4096 16.44 16.66 00 .3648 14.64 14.83 .3249 13.04 13.21 1 .2893 11.61 11.76 2 .2576 10.34 10.48 3 .2294 9.21 9.33 4 .2043 8.20 8.31 5 .1819 7.30 7.40 6 .1620 6.50 6.59 7 .1443 5.79 5.87 8 .1285 5.16 5.22 9 .1144 4.59 4.65 10 .1019 4.09 4.14 11 .0907 3.64 3.69 12 .0808 3.24 3.29 13 .0720 2.89 2.93 14 .0641 2.57 2.61 15 .0571 2.29 2.32 16 .0508 2.04 2.07 17 .0453 1.82 1.84 18 .0403 1.62 1.64 19 .0359 1.44 1.46 20 .0320 1.28 1.30 21 .0285 1.14 1.16 22 .0253 1.02 1.03 23 .0226 .906 .918 24 .0201 .807 .817 25 .0179 .718 .728 26 .0159 .640 .648 27 .0142 .570 .577 28 .0126 .507 .514 29 .0113 .452 .458 30 .0100 .402 .408 31 .0089 .358 .363 32 .0080 .319 .323 33 .0071 .284 .288 34 .0063 .253 .256 35 .0056 .225 .228 As there are many gauges in use differing from each other, and even the thickness of a certain specified gauge, as the Birmingham, is not assumed the same by all manufacturers, orders for sheets and wire should always [state the weight per square foot, or the thickness in thousandths of an inch 46 Pipe and Elbow Chart STEEL ANGLES WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD ANGLES EQUAL LEGS Dimen- sions Thick- ness Weight per Foot Area of Section Dimen- sions Thick- ness Weight per Foot Inches Inches Lbs. Sq. Ins. Inches Inches Lbs. fx f |x f fx I fx f |x f |x I ix I |x I 1 xl 1 xl 1 xl I xl UxU HxU IjxU lixli UxU lixli UxU UxU UxU II xU l^xli UxU Ifxlf Ifxlf Ifxll Uxli lixli lixli No. ^ I No. 13 .8 1.2 1.5 .9 1.3 1.1 1.5 2.0 2.4 .92 1.3 1.8 2.4 2.9 3.4 .63 .82 1.00 1.18 1.34 2 x2 2 x2 2 x2 2 x2 2 x2 2 x2 2ix2i 2ix2i 2ix2i 2ix2i 2ix2i 2ix2i 2ix2J 2^x2^ 2^x2^ 2ix2i 2^x2^ 21 X 2^ 2^x2i 2ix2| 2ix2i 2ix2i 2ix2i 2ix2i 2ix2i 2ix2i 3 x3 3 x3 3 x3 3 x3 3 x3 3 x3 1.7 2.5 3.2 4.0 4.-7 5.3 1.9 2.8 3.7 4.5 5.3 6.1 6.8 2.1 3.1 4.1 5.0 5.9 6.8 7.7 2.3 3.4 4.5 5.6 6.6 7.6 8.5 2.5 3.7 4.9 6.1 7.2 8.3 Standard Angles vary only by ^ inch. Carrying Capacities of Pipes 47 STEEL ANGLES WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD ANGLES EQUAL LEGS— Continued Dimen- Thick- Weight Area Dimen- Thick- Weight Area sions ness per of sions ness per of Foot Section Foot Section Inches Inches Lbs. Sq. Ins. Inches Inches Lbs. Sq. Ins. .3 x3 h 9.4 2.75 5 x5 a 23.6 3 x3 ^ 10.4 3.06 5 x5 ii 25.4 3 x3 » 11.5 3.36 5 x5 5 x5 i 27.2 28.9 3|x3| i 5.8 5 x5 1 30.6 3^x3i T^ 7.2 2.09 3ix3J f 8.5 2.49 6 x6 f 14.9 4.36 3§x3^ ^ 9.8 2.88 6 x6 ^ 17.2 5.06 3^x3^ h 11.1 3.25 6 x6 h 19.6 5.75 3^x3i A 12.4 3.63 6 x6 ^ 21.9 6.44 3^x31 f 13.6 3.99 6 x6 1 24.2 7.11 3^x31 ii 14.8 4.34 6 x6 ii 26.5 7.78 3^x3i f 16.0 4.69 6 x6 f 28.7 8.44 3^x31 H 17.1 5.03 6 x6 ■ M 31.0 9.09 6 x6 i 33.1 9.74 4 x4 i 6.6 6 x6 H 35.3 10.38 4 x4 ^ 8.2 2.41 6 x6 1 37.4 11.00 4 x4 1 9.8 2.86 4 x4 ire ■ 11.3 3.31 8 x8 i 26.4 7.75 4 x4 1 12.8 3.75 8 x8 A 29.6 8.69 4 x4 ^ 14.3 4.19 8 x8 f 32.7 9.61 4 x4 1 15.7 4.62 8 x8 ii 35.8 10.53 4 x4 ii 17.1 5.03 8 x8 f 38.9 11.44 4 x4 f 18.5 5.44 8 x8 if 42.0 12.34 4 x4 H 19.9 5.84 8 x8 i 45.0 13.24 8 x8 if 48.1 14.13 5 x5 t 12.3 3.61 8 x8 1 51.0 15.00 5 x5 1^ 14.3 4.19 8 x8 ii^ 54.0 15.88 5 x5 i 16.2 4.75 8 x8 H 56.9 16.74 5 x5 ^ 18.1 5.31 8 x8 li 62.7 5 x5 f 20.0 5.86 5x5 ii 21.8 6.41 " Sta mdard Ai igles varj r only by x ^ inch. 48 Pipe and Elbow Chart STEEL ANGLES WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD ANGLES UNEQUAL LEGS Dimen- sions Thick- ness Weight per Foot Area of Section Dimen- sions Thick- ness Weight per Foot Inches [nches Lbs. Sq. Ins. Inches Inches Lbs. 1 X f 1 X I 1 X I 1 X f Ifx I Ifx i Ifxl Ifxl Uxli Uxli IfxU UxU IfxU If xU Ijxli xlf xlf xU xU xU xU 2ixU 2ixU 2ixU 2ixU 2ixU 2ixl,i .7 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.9 1.6 2.1 1.7 2.2 1.2 1.8 2.3 2.1 2.7 1.43 2.1 2.8 3.-1 2.3 3.0 3.7 4.4 5.0 5.6 .60 .79 .43 .63 .82 1.00 2ixl| 2^xli 2ixU 2^xU 2^xU 2ixlf 2^ X U 2^x2 2^x2 2^x2 2^x2 2^x2 2^x2 2^x2 3 x2 3 x2 3 x2 3 x2 3 x2 3 x2 x2i x2| x2i x2i x2^ x2^ x24 3U1I ^ 2.0 2.4 3.2 3.9 4.62 2.6 3.4 1.86 2.8 3.7 4.5 5.3 6.1 3.1 4.1 5.0 5.9 6.8 7.7 3.4 4.5 5.6 6.6 7.6 8.5 9.5 3.1 Standard Angles vary only by rs i'lch. Carrying Capacities of Pipes 49 STEEL ANGLES WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD ANGLES UNEQUAL LEGS— Continued Dimen- sions Thick- ness Weight per Foot Area of Section Dimen- sions Thick- Weight per Foot Area of Section Inches 3ix2 3^x2 3^x2 3Jx2 3Jx2 3ix2 31 x2 3§ x2 3i x2^ 3i x2^ 3^ x2i 3i x2^ 3i x2^ 3^ x2i 3i x2i 3^ x2i 3^ x3 3^ x3 3^ x3 3^ x3 3^ x3 3i x3 3^ x3 3^ x3 3^ x3 4 x2 4 x2 4 x3 4 x3 Inches Lbs. Sq. Ins. Inches Inches Lbs. 4.3 5.3 6.3 7.2 8.1 9.0 5.6 6.6 4.9 6.1 7.2 8.3 9.4 10.4 11.5 12.5 6.6 7.9 9.1 10.2 11.4 12.5 13.6 14.7 15.8 6.2 7.3 5.8 7.2 1.44 1.78 2.11 2.44 2.75 3.06 3.36 3.66 1.94 2.30 2.66 3.00 3.34 3.68 4.00 4.32 4.63 2.09 x3 x3 x3 x3 x3 x3 x3 x3 x3^ x3| x3i x3| x3^ x3i x3^ x3^ 4^x3 4^ x3 4^x3 41x3 4|x3 4^x3 4^x3 4^x3 4^ x3 5 x3 5 x3 5 x3 5 x3 5 x3 5 x3 8.5 9.8 11.1 12.4 13.6 14.8 16.0 17.1 7.7 9.1 10.6 11.9 13.3 14.7 16.0 17.3 18.5 7.7 9.1 10.6 11.9 13.3 14.7 16.0 17.3 18.5 8.2 9.8 11.3 12.8 14.3 15.7 Sq. Ins. 2.49 2.88 3.25 3.63 3.99 4.34 4.69 5.03 2.25 2.68 3.09 3.50 3.91 4.30 4.69 2.68 3.09 3.50 3.91 4.30 4.69 2.41 2.86 3.31 3.75 4.19 4.61 Standard Angles vary only by ys inch. 50 Pipe and Elbow Chart STEEL ANGLES 1 WEIGHTS AND DIMENSIONS OF STANDARD ANGLES | UNEQUAL LEGS— Continued Dimen- Thick- Weight Area Dimen- Thick- Weight Area sions ness per of sions ness per of Foot Section Foot Section Inches Inches Lbs. Sq. Ins. Inches Inches Lbs. Sq. Ins. 5 x3 H 17.1 5.03 6 x3^ f 22.4 6.57 5 x3 3 18.5 5.44 6 x3| H 24.0 7.06 5 x3 h 19.9 5.84 6 x3^ i 25.7 7.55 6 x3^ H 27.3 8.03 5 x3^ A 8.7 2.56 6 x3^ 1 28.9 8.50 5 x3^ 1 10.4 3.05 5 x3i I^ 12.0 3.53 6 x4 f 12.3 3.61 5 x3i i 13.6 4.00 6 x4 i% 14.3 4.19 5 x3| ^ 15.2 4.47 6 x4 i 16.2 4.75 5 x3| f 16.8 4.93 6 x4 A 18.1 5.31 5 x3^ H 18.3 5.38 5 x3^ i 19.8 5.82 6 x4 1 20.0 5.86 5 x3| H 21.3 6.25 6 x4 H 21.8 6.41 5 x3^ 22.7 6.68 6 x4 i 23.6 6.94 6 x4 H 25.4 7.47 5 x4 f 11.0 3.24 6 x4 I 27.2 7.99 5 x4 ^ 12.8 3.75 6 x4 H 28.9 8.50 5 x4 h 14.5 4.25 6 x4 1 30.6 9.00 5 x4 ^ 16.2 4.75 5 x4 1 17.8 5.24 7 x3^ ^e 15.0 4.41 5 x4 H 19.5 5.72 7 x3^ h 17.0 5.00 7 x3i A 19.1 5.59 5 x4 1 21.1 7 x3i f 21.0 6.18 5 x4 H 22.7 7 x3^ H 23.0 6.75 5 x4 i 24.2 7x3^ 24.9 7.32 7 x3^ h 26.8 7.88 6 x3^ 1^ 11.7 3.43 7 x3^ I 28.7 8.43 6 x3^ I6 13.5 3.97 7 x3^ H 30.5 8.97 6 x3i § 15.3 4.50 7 x3^ 1 32.3 9.50 6 x3^ A 17.1 5.03 6 x3i f 18.9 5.55 8 xSh i 18.7 6 x3^ H 20.6 6.06 8 x3^ u 20.5 Standard Angles vary only by re inch Carrying Capacities of Pipes 51 WEIGHT OF ROUND AND SQUARE STEEL PER LINEAL FOOT Size in Inches Round Square Size in Inches Round Square Size in Inches Round "A .0026 .0104 .0417 .0938 .2608 .3756 .5111 .6676 .8449 1.043 1.262 1.502 1.763 2.044 2.347 2.670 3.014 3.379 3.766 4.173 4.600 5.019 5.518 6.008 6.520 7.051 7.604 .0033 .0133 .0531 .1195 .2123 .3333 .4782 .6508 .8500 1.076 1.328 1.608 1.913 2.245 2.603 2.989 3.400 3.838 4.303 4.795 5.312 5.857 6.428 7.026 7.650 8.301 8.978 9.682 3 10.68 11.36 12.06 12.78 13.52 14.28 15.07 15.86 16.69 17.53 18.40 19.29 20.20 21.12 22.07 23.04 24.03 25.04 26.08 27.13 28.20 29.30 30.42 31.56 32.71 33.90 35.09 36.31 13.60 14.46 15.35 16.27 17.22 18.19 19.18 20.20 21.25 22.33 23.43 24.56 25.00 26.90 28.10 29.34 30.60 31.89 33.20 34.55 35.92 37.31 . 38.73 40.18 41.65 43.14 44.68 46.24 "A 42.73 44.07 45.44 46.83 48.24 49.66 51.11 52.58 54.07 55.59 57.12 58.67 60.25 61.84 63.46 65.10 66.76 68.44 70.14 71.86 73.60 75.37 77.15 78.95 80.77 82.62 84.49 86.38 52 Pipe and Elbow Chart ESTIMATED WEIGHTS OF GALVANIZED SHEETS U.S.Stand-1 ard Gauge / 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Weight perl sq. ft., lbs. J 00 s ^ s o S 8 g § i CO 00 CO lO ■^ CO oi ci '-' --* ^ ^ '^. °9 l> t> Weight perl sq ft., oz. J lO >o lO iC lO >o «c lO lO lO >o lO lO lO 05 £? ^ i ^ ?^' 00 o •^ CO oi ^ d Size of Sheet Weight of .Sheet — Pounds 1 24 X 72 69 54 39 32 26 20 17 14 12 11 10 9 9 8 24 X 84 81 63 46 37 30 23 20 16 14 13 12 11 10 9 24 X 96 93 73 53 43 35 27 23 19 17 15 14 13 12 11 24 X 120 116 91 66 53 43 33 28 23 21 18 17 16 14 13 26 X 72 75 59 43 35 28 22 18 15 13 12 11 10 9 9 26 X 84 88 69 50 40 33 25 21 18 16 14 13 12 11 10 26 X 96 100 79 57 46 37 29 24 20 18 16 15 14 12 11 26x120 125 98 71 58 47 36 30 25 22 20 18 17 16 14 28 X 72 81 63 46 37 30 23 20 16 14 13 12 11 10 9 28 X 84 94 74 54 43 35 27 23 19 17 15 14 13 12 11 28 X 96 108 85 61 50 40 31 26 22 19 17 16 15 13 12 28 X 120 135 106 77 62 50 39 33 27 24 21 20 18 17 15 30 X 72 87 68 49 40 32 25 21 17 15 14 13 12 11 10 30 X 84 101 79 57 46 38 29 25 20 18 16 15 14 13 11 30 X 96 116 91 66 53 43 33 28 23 21 18 17 16 14 13 30 X 120 145 113 82 66 54 41 35 29 26 23 21 20 18 16 36 X 72 104 82 59 48 39 30 25 21 19 16 15 14 13 12 36 X 84 121 95 69 55 45 35 30 24 22 19 18 16 15 14 36 X 96 139 109 79 64 52 40 34 28 25 22 20 19 17 16 36 X 120 173 136 98 80 65 50 42 35 31 27 25 23 22 20 42 X 72 121 95 71 56 45 34 29 24 22 19 18 16 15 14 42 X 84 142 HI 80 65 53 41 34 28 25 22 21 19 IS 16 42 X 96 162 127 92 74 60 46 39 32 29 25 24 22 20 18 42x120 202 159 115 93 75 58 49 41 36 33 29 27 25 23 48 X 72 139 109 79 64 52 40 34 28 25 22 20 19 17 16 48 X 84 162 125 92 74 60 46 39 32 29 25 24 22 20 18 48 X 96 185 145 105 85 69 55 45 37 33 29 27 25 23 21 48 X 120 231 181 131 106 86 66 56 46 . 36 34 31 29 Carrying Capacities of Pipe 53 ui H O DC O (M ■* lO t>. 00 O O00OOOGCOO»0'-00O'-iiM'^ rH S rH . -H (N (N e^ CO Tt< 1> O CD O '-I CO >o (MC0^>O50I>000iO CO O INC0'*'OiOCOt>0OO5C)'-i'-HC^CO 05 'J* 00 (N O (M (N (N CO r}000000 ^ CO •* I> CO O i-i Cl>OOCOOiO'-'^J2 OOO'^iM'-iOlOOOOCOP^OOJt^S'Jr^^ i-HrH(N(NCO-*'*"5'001>t>0000050^^ ,-i,-H(N(NC0C0-*'*'0'0Oi:01> r^ c^ o "O CO Ol O lO CD t^ 1> GO 05 O (M rt< CI O t^ CD >-i(M(MCOCO'*^'OiOCD l> l> 00 O '-' o o '^. ^^(M(M(NfOCO^'*^'OiOCOCOt^OOO "iO(M05CDCOOCOiO(MOcDCO;-^COCOrHiO-^ T^rH^00(NCDC>C0t^OTt''*05 t^ ^ ^' r-i (n' d (m' CO CO ^ ^ Tf iQ "O to CD l> CO ,-( ^(NO'^'MCOCOCO-^-^ (M (M (M - 05 ^ ^ ^ (M M IM OOOOOC^ICO^ (M 00 Tti O CD >-i iM •* CO Tti CD 00 O CD a> CO lO CO --I tf^ OCOCOOCJCOOIN (N CO lO CD l> Oi CO a> lO ^ CO -*i -H ^ (N CO CO M< (M CO ■* "O CD !>• .„ "1- H. "I* "1- -I- H« H" 12 „« H. HC 54 Pipe and Elbow Chart < Ui 2 i H o H X O U Q IN OQOCOt^t^OCOiO-*f<3(M^005000iOTfCCi ^-"•(NMCOeC-^iCOt^OOOlOrHCMCOrfLO (N §^§§^S?5ieS2§S^^j;5S22i8 i-Hrt(N(NC0M'*U5.00a>O.-HMC0'*i0 M 00C<3l>lN<0.-H»O-*C0(NOO500t^OiOT}<(N^ '-i>ooo50'-i(Neo-^ (N S3 S JS § S S ?? ^ § S§ JS S S? ^ 8 S S g ?? ^^lM(N(MeOTtQ00500^(NeC :r g ^ 5§ g ^ K ^ 5 S ^ S § SS g ?§ 2 ^ ?:! S ^rH,-H(NlNeCiMTjt>t^0005OO^iM nl-* (N05in(NCi«0(NiOOOOC<:)005(Ni.OOOi-iTtC00005OO^ r !B§?§§§f:;n^8^^Sr:^2§^2S ^.-i^(M(N(NeOT(OOOOOsOO ^ iMfOiOOGOOOOCCiOOOOCCiiOOOOCOiCOOO i-H.-(rH(N-0000Oi xi-« S g S ^ g S § § 2 S J^ § ?5 ?2 S J: S SS S§ ^^^^C^CvlCOCO-^-^iCiOCOOt-t^OO -« 1 i i ^ ^ s fe ^ 5 s K ?5 g s s § s § g ^^^^MMCCCCTt^-^iOiOyDOt^t^ - ^(Nco-^ictDt^oooc^ecior^oooiNeoict^ TfCDOOOIN-'liOOiCaiCCt^'-liCO'^OOINO ^^^^OiO«00 t-lM r^iOCOi-tOINrJiOO— c cc 'O t^ Oi • •• • • ; 1 • ■ ; 1 ; ; ; ; .,. --Ht^roOT'OOJcooo ,_, ,_, • »!«> <0 Oi y-i ^ -^ O H. oi en ^ rf "1* »l« "1- Hit, »1« «h« H« H« -1* "l» -» «1« ^ H« Calculations for Size of Furnace, Pipes and Registers The equivalent glass-surface Is equal to the area of windows and doors plus one-fourth that of the exposed wall expressed in square feet : (i) To find area of grate in square inches: Divide equiva- lent glass-surface in square feet by 1.25 or multiply by 0.8. (2) To find area of flue for any room in square inches : Divide equivalent glass-surface in square feet by 1.2 for first story, by 1.5 for second story, by 1.8 for third story. (3) Make area of vent-flues 0.8 of hot-air flues. (4) Make area of cold-air box 0.8 of given areas of flues, (5) Take area of chimney smoke-flue in square inches as one-twelfth that of grate, with i in. added to each dimension. This table gives different sizes of hot-air registers used in furnace-practice, together with the equivalents of the capacity of the same in round leader-pipes from furnace, with an ele- vation of at least i in. to the foot ; also the equivalent in riser- pipes (or stacks), and also the cubic feet of space in first, second and third stories which said registers, with their proper round and square pipes, will heat. The table is based on normal conditions, with runs of pipe of usual length, and is intended to show the size of registers and pipes necessary to raise the temperature of air from zero outside to 70° F. inside, within reasonable time, without forcing. The sizes that are marked with an asterisk are those recommended for general use. The larger the register the less resistance to the flow of the heated air, but sizes mentioned will produce good results, and, being stock sizes, will always be found in stock. In planning work arrange to use the sizes referred to. It should always be borne in mind, however, that uniform heating does not depend so much upon the actual sizes of the pipes as upon the relative sizes. For example, in a two-story house of eight rooms of exactly the same si^e and the same amount of wall and glass area the best heating results will be obtained not by using the same size of pipes for all the rooms, even if the pipes are of ample capacity, but by carefully proportioning the sizes of the pipes according to the exposure, length of the leaders, and location of the room in either the first or second story. The registers in the rooms with north and west exposures should be a little nearer the furnace, if possible, than the others, and the pipes to the first story should be larger than those leading to the second story. The Inter- national Heater Company states that i sq. in. of capacity of hot-air pipe will heat 50 cu. ft. in stores and 90 cu. ft. in churches when there is but one pipe directly over the furnace. 55 5^ Pipe and Elbow Chart Dimensions of Registers and Boilers SueoT Regist eft Border body. Extreme Depth With ribs. dimensions. open. floor opening. Tin-box size. in in- in in 4X 6 SH X 7?« SM X 9^4 SV* Xii'/i 5! 4 X14U 5' 4 Xi6MMa zH 9«.f6 Xi2?ia 6?<6 X 9^16 6Xio 7'MeXli>Krt 2H 9«/t9 Xi39i$ 6H» Xio«ia 6X14 7'!'16XIS'H9 2H 9»ia Xi7?^« 6?l6 Xi4Me 6Xi6 7'H6Xl7Hl6 2H 9?^e Xi9?i« b^At Xi6?l9 6Xi8 .7'H6Xl94l8 2?i 9Me X2i?/i» 6?l8 X18M6 6X24 7'M6X2S'H6 2H 9?ic X27^« 6»1« X24918 7X 7 '8' Hex 8'Vf6 23/. lO^O Xio^ts TiU X 79(9 7X10 8>M«Xii'!le 23/i loMa XiS^ii 7?^a Xio?i8 8x sr 9?4 X 9^4 3 u% Xiili 8H X 8H 8X10 9-34 Xii?4 3 n-!^ Xuli 8H XioH 8Xi2t 954 Xi3?4 3 ii^i X1ST6 8H X12H 8X1S 9?i Xi6'Ha 3 n"^ Xi8v^ 8H XisH 8X18 9?4 Xi9^4 3 iiH X2i?6 8H X18H 8X21 9)4 X 22:^4 3 n'6 X24T6 8H X21H 8X24 9?4 X25?4 3 11^/6 X27H 8H X24H 9X 9 loU X1074 3'.4 I3'i8 X13H9 J>M6X9'>1» 9Xi2t loH XI 3^/4 3U 13^8 X16U4 9'HeXi2»Hi 9X13 U XIS 3U 13' ie Xi7'/i« 9'H8Xi3'H« 9Xi4t io7,6 Xi.s^i 3'4 I3;i« Xi8!ie 9'H^Xi4'H« 9X16 io7;ifiXi7"i 334 I4?i8 X2oai« io'!/iflXi6rLcXi9"4 3H 14^.18 X22M8 io"j6Xi8'M« 1 10X20 Il'5,,6X2l'6 3H I43t6 X24?1« IO"/<8X20>'/i9 i 12X12 12X14 14' ia Xi4'i6 14'. io X16H6 4 4 i6>ifl X16-.U i6'i8 Xi»'U I2l^i8Xl2'9i« I2lM«Xl4"l9 1 12X1S ^I3'?.6Xt6')t« 4 16^/18 Xi9li« l2'>1cXiS'?ia [ — ' Calculations of Furnace, Pipes and Registers 57 Dimensions of Registers and Boilers Register Bordef Size of body. Extreme Depth With ribs. Tin-box siic, ia dimensions. open, floor-opening. ia in- in in 12X16 14H6 X18 4 l6Me X2o7/« 12>3/6Xl6>M4 12X17* 14 He X19 4 i6y,« X2I7/8 12>M6XI7»M6 12X18 m'/Is X20H6 4 167/8 X22-/e 12»3/l8Xl8»Mo ■i2>^i9 12X20 i4n« X21H6 4 167/ X237/8 12>M6Xl9'^l4 14'/ i« X22 4 •16'/ 6 X24"/8. 12> M 6X201^1 • 12X24 14'/l6 X26 I4H6 X32 14M6 X38 i6Vi'6 X16M6 4 4 4 4 167/6 X28M» 124l8X24'M« 12X30 12X36 14X14 l81M6Xl8>5/5 ■i4ii"xi4H 14X16 i6}l6 XiS^ie 4 l8l5/i6X20>M(J 147/6 Xi67/i 14X18 16H X20M« 4 l8'5i6X224i» 14H Xi87/i 14X20 i65.i£ X2aH6 4 l8»5i6X24lM» 147/4 X207/4 14X22 16H X24'/4 4 i8m6X26»M« 147/4 X227/i 1SX2S 17«H6X27'H6 4\i i9')iflX29'M« i6H X26U 16X16 185 (-6 Xi8M« 4K 2074 X207i 167/4 Xi67/i 16X18 18 VI 6 X2o5^e 4Vi 20T4 X22vi 167/4 Xl87y4 16X20 l8'/iv,X-225,l6 aVa 207/i X 247/6 167,4 X207/i 16X22 iS^iffl X24^i« 4K 207t X 267,4 16-4 Xa27^ 16X24 imu XT^fVin 4V4 20!i X287,i 1674 X25'/i 16X28 i8Vt« X3oM« 4l4 207^ X327i 167/4 X287/-4 16X32 i8*/i6 X34M« 4H 207/4 X367/6 16H X327/4 18X18 20^46 X20M« 4^ 221M8X221M6 1S74 X187/4 18X21 20V18 X23Vi(v 4H 22'Vl6X2S>M5i9 22>ri8X3l'M« 22lM6X34'Vl« 22lVl«X40>yi4 25'^ X2SH 187/4 X247/i 187/4 X27T6 187/4 X3o7/i 187/4 X367/4 20>M«X20»M« 20X24 22^,^ X26H S'/^ 25'/^ X29V6 20> 5/6X24' M« 20X26* 229^8 X 285/4 5'/^ 25^ X3i'/& 20>5/l6X26>Vl8 21X29 24X24 24X27 23H X31H 26^18 X26'/lft 26VI6 X29H S'4 26'/6 X34'/& 29'/^ X29'/2 29'/4 X32'/2 2l'yi6X29'M« 24'-MoX24'Vift 24'V.6X27»M« 24' Vi 6X30' 51 9 24'*/8X3341« 24X30 24X32 267/i8 X32H 267/16 X34H sU SH 29 '/i X35'^ 29 '/i X37'/i 24X36 24X45 27X27 27X38 30X30 30X36 30X42 267/8 X38H 26yi6 X47^^ 29^1 • X 29 Vic 29'/, 8 X403>& 32H X32?^ .32H X38?4 323/6 X^4?4 6 ?^ 7V4 7?i 29'/^ X41H 29Vi X5o'/& 32'/i X32l'^ 32Vi X43V^ 35J^i X3SV^ 33 '/i X4i!'^ 35'/t X47'/i 24' 516X36' M» 24' 5/6X45' M« 27'5l6X27'Vl» 27'5l6X38"/« 30iyi6X30'M«, 3olS/6X36'V'i« 3o'y(«X42"/ie 58 Pipe and Elbow Chart Estimated Capacity of Pipes and Registers RKCTANGULAR PIPES ROUND PIPES Diameter of pipe. Area.. Diameter of pipe, Area. Diameter of pipe. Area, in in in sqin- 7 38 13 113 33 380 8 SO 14 154 34 452 9 63 16 20I 26 531 10 78 18 254 28 61$ n 95 20 314 30 707 Size of Area, Size of Area, Size of Area, in m in 4X8 32 8X20 160 12X18 216 4X10 40 8X24 192 12X20 240 4X12 44 10X12 120 12X24 288 4X16 64 10X15 150 14X14 196 6X10 60 10X16 160 14X16 224 6X12 72 10X18 180 14X20 280 6X16 96 10X20 200 16X16 256 8X10 80 12XI2 144 16X18 288 8X12 96 12X15 180 16X20 320 8X16 ., i2Xi6 192 16X24 384 Size of opening, in Capacity, sq in Size of .opcnjng.- in Capacity, sq in Size of opening, in Capacity, sq in 6X10 8X10 8X12 8X1S 9X12 9X14 10X13 40 S3 64 80 72 84 80 10X14 10X16 12X1S 12X19 14X22 15X25 16X24 93 107 120 152 205 '250 256 20X20 20X24 20X26 21X29 27X27 27X38 30X30 267 320 347 406 486 684 600 ROUND RECISTERS Size of Capacitv, Size of Capacity, Si7C of Capacity, opening, in sq in opcnmg, in sq in in sq in 7 26 12 75 20 2C9 8 33 14 103 24 301 9 4- 16 134 30 471 10 52 18 169 36 679 Calculations of Furnace, Pipes and Registers 59 1* „ M ->- en ^ 3 /"fA ON 5; r J \ ^ ;?: »; S' A M Oj OJ OJ > O^ tn 00 » V 1 / 00 00 ^ 5 51 v y iK ife: ^ S ar ^/ w ^p* •u ■^ > « 00 ex ^ ;; » /I ^ ^ vC vO 00 ^ >c is: ^ ^ 5 e ■f^— '^ F "£ ^ ^ §_ NO ^\^ >: »: is: is 9 ^ ^ ¥" Y ^ tn w > ' \1/ ^ ^ ^ ^ „ ^ ^ ? •t^ w M a iK|St ^ ^K ^ is 5 j:^ en «-j 00 00 NO >o ">~ t/i ^ ^ en 00 *» 3 i 01 U1 ^ <*> Oj M M !r »: ^ ^ is: is^ ^ ^ 5 "^ ^ ~z~ - > tn ON 00 vO N i tn tn M o> ^ M ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ « 5 '• P' •^ o> o> (jU ■u ■S (^ w ? ^^ ss iJi V: js; is^liKl; I __^ _^ „ > ^ ^ •J 2 (. vO tn ^ tn ON ■c^ >-> ^ 3 ^0 * M „ „ „ ^ _ „ _ n ^• a SO vO 00 00 ON ON 2^ ^ ^ ^ iS is V; ^ ^ ^ 9 a * M ^^ "i ON -^ oc » nS > 00 00 o> M NO 00 » -^ s: ;?; ^ X :S: is; >!S is; i?i 5 »=: ^\9\ ^ u A U) 0^ M 00 10 ^. 00 o n) ^ P P >-{ ^^H Cfl 3* N rD fD C •-t 3 (K) 3 tr « p ^ ►D 3 p rD 0-3 Cu :r n O) 0^ ►0 n p n 3 n crq 1-5 <; rD ^ s <<: ►^ ^ rD 3 3- rD So p o ^^ crq 3* P ci 3 p 3 S N > > > O O a 6o Pipe and Elbow Chart Table of Dimensions of Dust Separators 1 a ll .9 1 OpEKIKGS in SEP.\nATOR. Dimensions op Separator. 5. o JJ 1 a -.J Is •^3 ^.9 h 1 i.i Q.S II •^1 < ^ i! q1 3 .a II si 5 20 2'x 9 23 »\ 50 3 295 14 265 70 C 7 or 8 9 28 38 or 50 C3 3 xlOi 32 10 78 4 35J 15} 32} 100 3ixl3 4-JxlG 47 13 132 C 4H 185 37} 140 72 15 176 6 47^ 21 435 175 10 78 6 xl8 1 six 21 90 17 227 6 535 23 50 245 11 or 95 or 115 20 314 10 595 26 56 315 12. 13 or 113 133 or 1 1 CJx24 7 x27 150 235 433 10 655 29 61} 395 14 15 .... 1« ISO 20 531 .10 715 32 67} 490 10 201 ] or or y 8 x30 240 28 015 10 775 35 725 575 17 227 18 254 85x32 272 31 754 10 83-5 38 775 715 10 or 2S3 or 1 } x25 315 n3 855 10 895 41 82} 875 20 21 314 340 9 x40 300 30 1,017 10 935 40 855 930 22 380 10 x41 410 39 1,194 10 9/5 47 89 1.000 23... or 415 or ^ 105x43 h x45 451 41 1,320 11 1015 49 93 1.095 24 25 ..... 2C 27 28 452 491 495 44 1.520 11 1055 51 97 1.455 531 11 x48 528 40 1,002 12 1095 54 99! 1.600 672 11 x51 501 4 'J 1.8S5 12 1135 57 1035 1.700 C21 ll}x54 021 52 2,123 12 1175 60 loot 1,85.5 29 (iOO 12 x57 6&1 55 2.375 12 1215 63 IIH 2.035 30 707 12 xOO 720 68 2,W2 12 12o5 60 1155 2.155 31 or 32 33 754 or 804 855 U2lxC3 13 xCG 807 CI 2 922 13 1295 69 1185 2.250 858 M 3,217 13 1335 72 122!, 2.420 34 90S 13}xC9 932 07 3.525 13 1375 75 1265 2.555 35 902 14 x72 l.OOS 70 3,iy48 14 1415 78 1295 2.745 30 or 1.017 or [145x75 15 x78 1,087 73 4,185 14 1455 81 1335 2.900 37 1,075 38 1.134 1,170 76 4.530 14 149J 84 13/5 3,065 39 or 1.194 or 1,25C 1,32C 1 151x81 1,255 79 4.901 14 153} 87 1415 3.235 40 41 16 x84 1.344 82 5.281 J4 157J 90 145i 3.395 Calculations of Furnace, Pipes and Registers 6i Proportions of Standard Vcrrell Dust Collectors No. Diam. Pipe from- Fan. Areo Of Dust Inlet. B. c. D. E. F. C. H Ytf- 000 00 6 7 28 38 32 26 37 7 6x7 10 12 70 8 10 50 78 42 38 48 12 10x12 14 14 i^S 2 12 113 46 37 48 12 10x12 17 14 240 14 154 54 42 60 16 10x14 17 16 471 ItJ 201 60 45 72 16 14x16 22 26 490 18 254 66 54 72 16 16x20 25 26 500 20 314 72 58 76 16 14X24J 27 J 26 530 22 380 84 65 96 16 16x25 32 682 24 452 87 67 96 16 18x26 34 26 531 96 78 96 16 18x32 46 28 616 102 84 96 16 18x37} 40 .27 30 707 111 16 32 804 114 90 120 15 22x41 i 46 27 1.800 34 908 117 97 120 16 23x44 48 27 36 1,018 129 1051 120 16 24X45J 50 27 38 1,134 132} lU 120 16 26x44J 53 27 2.150 40 1,257 42 1.385 Proportion of Parts of Dust Separators OPEMSCS DIME.\3IO.\S. No. .ind .Size of Diameter Diameter Out.. ide Heiahf Lergtii Approxi- Diam. Inlet. Air Outlet Dust Out- D.ametcr Cylinder. Cone, m,ile \ of lD!ct. in in. let. ID. Cylinder, in. in. rn weight, lb 5 21x9 8» 3 29J 14 26 70 6 3x10) 3Jxl3i 10 4 35 151 181 32 100 7 13 6 41 37 140 8 4JxlO 15 6 47 21 43 175 9 5x18 17 6 53 23 50 245 10 5Jx21 20 10 59 20 56 315 12 CJx24 23 10 65 29 61 395 M 7x27 26 10 71 32 67 490 14 8x30 28 10 77 35 72 574 16 8h32 31 10 83 33 77 715 17 9x35 33 10. 89 41 82 875 18 9x40 36 10 93 46 85 930 20 10x41 39 10 97 47 89 1.000 22 10Jx43 41 11 101 49 93 1.095 23 11x45 44 11 105 51 97 1.455 24 11x43 46 12 109 54 99 I.OOO 25 II«5I 49 12 113 57 103 1.700 26 IUx54 52 12 117 00 109 1.855 28 12x57 55 12 121 63 III 2.035 30 12x60 53 12 125 06 II J 2.155 M l.'ix6.( 01 13 129 69 IIS 2.250 34 13x66 M 13 1.1.1 72 l-'2 2.420 M 13}x60 14x72 «7 li 137 75 i:g| 2.555 :1S 70 14 141 7S 129 2.745 40 J4)x7.-) 73 M 145 81 133 2.900 42 15x7.S 76 14 U9| 84 137 3.005 44 15hSI 70 14 153! 87 141 3.235 4C 16xS4 hi 14 1571 90 145 3.395 Tlic .-ibove reroninii'nd.Ttioin apply to sliaMnjjs but not to light buffing dust, etc., the separators niu^t bo sclerle4.lo suit vpet.-itiiig ronJilion>. 62 Pipe and Elbow Chart Proportions of Main Duct in Dust Separation to Accom- modate Branches Diameter of Branch Pipes in inches. 3^ 31 « 4J 5 51 6 6J 7 "o Area of each Branch Pipe in square mcheSi 7.07 9.62 12.566 15.9 19.635 23.758 28.274 33.183 38.485 Area of each Branch Pipe plus 20% (square inches). •i, 8.484 11.544 15.08 19.08 23.562 28.51 33.93 39.82 46.182 ' 1 31 l\ 41 5 5j 6 61 7i 7| 2 4i 6j 7 7, 8 9} lOi 10? 3 51 61 7 81 91 10 lU 121 13} 4 6 7! 8 9i 11 12 131 14} 15i 5 7 81 9 11 12} 13 14} 16 17J 18} 6 Si 8| 9- 10 121 m 14 161 17^ 7 10, 11 13J 14- 16 171 18} 20} 8 9? 10- 12 14 15 17 J 181 20 21| 9 9i 111 13i 14J 16^ 18J 19} 21 23 10 lOJ 12i 13| 15t 17} 191 20} 29 24} 11 11 12* 141 16 J 18 20 21J 23 25 12 Hi 13» 15J 17J 19 20i 22} 24 » 26 13 11? 12 13j 15J 17J 19} 21} 23} 25 27 2S 14 14* 16J 181 20J 22- 241 26 15 12} 14 17 191 19} 211 23- 25 i 27- 29 16 13i 15 171 22 24- 26} 28 30 17 131 15 18J 20 J 22 24- 27J 29- 31 18 14 16 18 21 23- 25- 271 28} 30 32 19 i4i 16 19 215 23- 26 31^ 33 20 14l 151 17 19s 221 24- 27 295- 31, 34 21 17 20 22^ 25 27f 30J 32 35 22 m 18 201 ^3J- 25 28} 30} 3U 331 3f> 23 15} 18i 2U 23} 261 29 34} 36f 24 16i 18 2U 24 i 261 291 32} 341 37J- 25 16J 19 22 24} 27^ 30i 32 J 351 381 26 16} 19 22i 251 28 30 36} 39t 27 17t 20 22, 251 28i 31- 344 37 M 28 17i 201 23 26i 29 32 34} 37} 29 17} 20} 23-. 261 ' 29J- 32J 35 J 38} 41f 30 18 21 24 27 ' 30 33 36 39 42 TROPORTIONING GUTTERS AND CONDUCTORS TO THE ROOF SURFACE The size of gutters and down-spouts and their distances apart, for roofs of mill buildings with a J4 pitch and of different spans, are shown in the following table: One^haU roof-span, in feel 10 20 30 40 SO 60 70 80 Sue of gutter, in inches .1 S 6 6 7 7 8 8 Size of down-spouts, in inches. 3 3 4 4 S S 6 6 SpacinK (A down-spouls. in feet. SO SO SO SO 40 40 40 40 mil Just What You Are Looking For | Gray's | Full Sized Patterns | MAKE UP PERFECT | Elbows - Skylights - Turrets - Ventilators - Louvres | Y Branches - Furnace Boots - Register Boxes - Etc. | The value of these blueprint patterns as | time and labor savers is incalculable. You | know how^ long it takes to lay out bars for | different styles and sizes of skylights. These | perfect patterns save all that. All you have | to do is to put them on the metal and mark | them off with an awl. The blueprints will | last a lifetime if packed away in a tube. | PRICE I Set A. — Comprising 80 Patterns, developed on | a sheet of 24X68 inches, the sizes rang- | ing from 1 to 20 inches, in two, three, | four and five pieces $2.50 | Set B. — Comprising 80 Patterns, developed on | a sheet of 24x68 inches, the sizes rang- | ing from 20 to 40 inches, in five, six, | seven and eight pieces 2.50 | Sets A & B Together.— 160 Patterns, with | Chart showing all the angles and degrees | of same 5.00 = Set C— Hip, Gable and Single Pitch Skylight i Patterns of the Hay's Patent, for lj4-inch _ i bar 5.00 I Set D.— Hip, Gable and Single Pitch Skylight | Patterns of the Hay's Patent, for 2i^- | inch bar 5.00 | Set E.— Hip, Gable and Single Pitch Patterns | of the Hay's Patent, for 3 1/^ -inch bar... 5.00 e Set F.— Full Set Hip and Gable Skylights, 1- , „^ i inch bar 4.00 i Set G.— Turret Skylight Patterns with Sashes | arranged to be operated by gearing, or ^ a part can be left stationary •^•30 | Set H. — Louvre Skylight Patterns. For Sta- e tionary Louvre and for Louvre to operate | by cord and pulley, with full size working | detail showing how Louvre operates ^-^U | Set I. — Balustrade Pattern of approved design -J-OU | llllillllllllllllliilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllli Illllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllllli^ PRICE Set J. — Block Letter and Figure Patterns, in- cluding the full alphabet and figures from 1 to 9 2.50 Set K. — U. S. Standard Liquid Measure Pat- terns from 1 gill to 1 gallon 1.50 Set L No. 1. — Ventilator and Base Patterns for 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20-inch Ventilators 3 . 00 Set L No. 2.— Ventilator and Base Patterns, for 20. 22. 24. 26, 28, 30, 32, 34 and 36- inch Ventilators 3.50 Set No. 1. — Twenty standard sizes of Register Box Patterns from 8X10 inches to 16X20 inches Full Set 3.00 Set No. 2. — Square to Round Furnace Boot Patterns, with 6-inch offset and straight on one side, 10 standard sizes of each from 3^X9^ to 554 Xl3^^, also 10 sizes of two-piece 45 degree and three-piece square elbow patterns Full Set 4.00 Set No. 3. — Oval to Round Furnace Boot Patterns, with 6-inch offset and straight on one side, 10 standard sizes of each from 3^X954 to 5^X13^, also 10 sizes of two-piece 45 degree and three-piece square oval elbow patterns Full Set 4.00 Set No. 4. — Y Branch Patterns, 6 sizes, 10- inch to two 8-inch, 12-inch to two 9-inch, 14-inch to two lOinch, 16-inch to two 12-inch, 18-inch to two 12-inch, 20-inch to two 14-inch Full Set 1-50 Set No. 5. — A complete set of Frame and Sash Patterns for Factory Window, with top-sash pivoted and bottom sash station- ary, to be made either on drop-brake or hand-brake Full Set 5 . 00 Set No. 5 A. — A complete set of Frame and Sash Patterns for Factory Window, with top and bottom sash pivoted. Made on hand-brake or drop-brake Full Set 5.00 Set No. 6. — A complete set of Frame and Sash Patterns for Casement Window, used mostly where easy access is wanted to balconies, fire escapes, etc. Made on drop-brake Full Set 6.00 Set No. 6A. — A complete set of Frame and Sash Patterns for a Casement Window. Made on hand-brake Full Set 6.00 Set No. 7. — A complete set of Frame and Sash Patterns for metal windows, with sliding sash to operate by chain and pul- ley, to be made on hand-brake. . .Fh// Set 6.00 Set No. 8. — A complete set of Frame and Sash Patterns for metal windows, with sliding Sash to operate by chain and pul- ley, to be made on drop-brake. . .F»// Set 6.00 riiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii^^ ■ I I /