305 
 
 air women 
 
DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN 
 
 BY THE 
 
 LAUREATE LORD TENNYSON 
 
 EDITED BY 
 
 HUBERT M. SKINNER, Ph. D. 
 
 ORVILLE BREWER PUBLISHING CO., 
 THE AUDITORIUM, CHICAGO 
 
•3i \ . { 
 
 LIBRARY of CONGRESS 
 Two Copies Received 
 
 DEC 8 1905 
 
 ^Copyright Entry 
 CLASS CK. XXc. No. 
 COPY B. 
 
 COPYRIGHT, 1905 
 
 BY 
 ORVILLE BREWER 
 
FAIR WOMEN OF TENNYSON'S DREAM. 
 
 The "Dream of Fair Women" has been a favorite 
 study in women's ckibs and seminaries and elsewhere. 
 But a sad drawback to the popular enjoyment of the 
 poem has been the lack of an index or key for the identi- 
 fication of the characters. To be able to name these is an 
 accomplishment which students prize, and which many a 
 teacher of literature lacks ; for the personages are not 
 selected generally from the "stock" characters of his- 
 tory. Mary, Queen of Scots, is not in the list, nor is 
 Elizabeth ; and one may look in vain fen* Josephine of 
 France. Some of the characters, indeed, it requires no 
 little research and ingenuity to identify. 
 
 The first Avho speaks is Helen of Troy, whose beauty 
 caused a ten years' war. Of course, it is easy to guess 
 her from the first utterance she makes : 
 
 "I had great beauty ; ask thou not my name ; 
 No one can be more wise than destiny. 
 Men drew their swords and died. Where'er I came, 
 I brought calamity." 
 
 But it is not so easy to identify the second character 
 who speaks. 
 
 " 'My youth,' she said, 'was blasted with a curse; 
 This woman was the cause.' " 
 
 Only indirectly w^as Helen the cause of the "curse" of 
 the ill-starred Iphigeni'a. The latter, a Greek princess, 
 was chosen for a sacrifice to propitiate the gods at the 
 beginning of the Trojan war, which was caused bv <-i>a 
 
 iii 
 
iv A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 
 
 jibtluction of Helen. Iphigenia relates how she swooned 
 as the sacrificial knife approached her : 
 
 "The bright death quivered at the victim's throat; 
 Touched, and I knew no more." 
 
 It is pleasant to remember, however, that there is a 
 version of the story to the effect that Iphigenia escaped 
 the final sacrifice, much as did Isaac, the son of Abraham, 
 in the Scripture narrative. .The hand of the priest was 
 stayed by divine interposition ; a brute victim was sub- 
 stituted, and the fair maiden was whisked away miracu- 
 lously to distant Tauris, there to be a priestess of the 
 chaste goddess. 
 
 Next comes the queen of the great world tragedy, 
 Cleopatra, the matchless heroine of ancient history. In 
 her speech is a tone of pride and exultation over her con- 
 quests of men, and satisfaction that she had at least out- 
 witted Octavius, "that dull, cool-blooded Caesar," by 
 securing an asp and causing it to bite her. She died 
 robed and crowned upon her couch, as she exclaims, bcin<' 
 a victor even in death. 
 
 Next is Jephtha's daughter, whose story is familiar to 
 Bible readers, being related in full in the "Book of 
 Judges." It is a sad story, and has furnished the sub- 
 ject for many poems and paintings. Jcphtha had vowed 
 to sacrifice to God whatever should first come forth from 
 the doors of his house on his return home from his vic- 
 tory, and, alas! it was his beloved daughter who rushed 
 forth to meet him first. 
 
 Next is "Fair Ros'amond," of whose story there is 
 much doubt, though it concerns historical personages. 
 The daughter of Lord Clifford, she became the object of 
 tlie affections of Henry II. of England. He concealed 
 her at Woodstock in a maze, or labvrinth, we are told ; 
 
A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. V 
 
 and when he visited her he traced liis way by following 
 a silken thread which was strung along the walls on one 
 side of the passages to be followed. The queen, Eleanor, 
 discovered the clew and followed it. Slie bore a dagger 
 and a bowl of poison, and offered her rival a choice as to 
 the manner of her death; and the unhappy woman drank 
 the fatal draught. Old ballad lore of the English seems 
 to confirm the truth of the story as told. At all events, 
 i'L has been pretty generally received as true in the main. 
 Fair Rosamond cries : 
 
 "Would I had been some maiden coarse and poor ! 
 O me, that I should ever see the light ! 
 Those dragon eyes of angered Eleanor 
 Do haunt me, day and night." 
 
 The next is a heroine little known to students of his- 
 tory. She utters no speech, and she appears at day- 
 break, almost at the close of the dream. The poet says : 
 
 "Morn broadened on the borders of the dark 
 Ere I saw her who clasped in her last trance her mur- 
 dered father's head." 
 
 This was ]Margaret Roper, the daughter of the ill- 
 fated Sir Thomas ^Nlore, and the wife of his biographer. 
 i\iore's daughter was permitted to see her father just 
 before his execution. She secured his head by a ruse, 
 and hid it in her cabinet, and left orders that it should 
 be placed upon her breast when she should be burietl. 
 Her wishes were carried out. 
 
 There is but a mere mention of Joan of Arc, and then, 
 at the very last, is the vision of — 
 
 "Her who knew that love can vanquish Death ; 
 Who kneeling, with one arm about her king, 
 Drew forth the poison with her balmv breath, 
 Sweet as new birds in spring." 
 
Vi A DREAM OF FAIR WOMi.N. 
 
 This was anotlicr Eleanor, the wife of the prince who 
 became the great Edward I. of England. Prince Ed- 
 Avard served in the last of the crusades, and his faithful 
 wife followed him to Palestine. He was once stabbed 
 with a poisoned dagger, and the princess saved his life 
 by drawing the poison from his wound with her lips, at 
 the Imminent peril of her life. 
 
 It will be seen that Tennyson chose eight "fair women" 
 from the heroines of a period of 2,700 years. They are 
 thus ancient, medieval, and modern. There are great 
 queens and gentle maidens, generally unfortunate, but 
 generally pure and noble. There is but one picture of 
 the devoted wife; there are two of loving daughters. 
 The poem is tragic, from first to last. It is simply a 
 piece of art, in which lovely and unfortunate women are 
 arranged as flowers in a bouquet, though they seem to 
 come together fortuitously, as do all the materials of 
 dreams. There is no particular moral to be drawn from 
 the dream, though there seems to be a sad recognition of 
 fate in the words : 
 
 "In every land 
 I saw, wherever light illumineth. 
 Beauty and anguish walking hand in hand 
 The downward slope to death." 
 
A DEEAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 
 
 By XHJfi Laukeate Lokd Tennyson. 
 1832. 
 
 I. 
 
 I read, before my eyelids dropt their shade, 
 
 -The Legendc of Goode Women," long ago 
 
 Sung by the morning star of song, who made 
 His music heard below; 
 II. 
 
 Dan Chaucer, the first warbler, whose sweet breath 
 Preluded those melodious bursts that fill 
 
 The spacious times of great Elizabeth 
 With sounds that echo still. 
 
 III. 
 
 And for a while the knowledge of his art 
 
 Held mc above the subject, as strong gales 
 Hold swollen clouds from raining, tho' my heart, 
 
 Brimful of those wild tales, 
 IV. 
 Charged both mine eyes with tears. In every land 
 
 I saw, wherever light illumineth, 
 Beauty and anguish walking, hand in hand. 
 
 The downward slope to death. 
 
 V. 
 
 Those far-renowned brides of ancient song 
 
 Peopled the hollow dark, like burning stars, 
 
 And I heard sounds of insult, shame, and wrong, 
 And trumpets blowoi for wars ; 
 7 
 
8 A DREAM OP FAIR WOMEN. 
 
 VI. 
 
 And clattering flints battered with clanging hoofs: 
 And I saw crowds in colunnied sanctuaries; 
 
 And forms that passed at windows and on roofs 
 Of marble palaces ; 
 
 VII. 
 
 Corpses across the threshold ; heroes tall 
 
 Dislodging pinnacle and parapet 
 Upon the tortoise creeping to the wall ; 
 
 Lances in ambush set ; 
 
 VIII. 
 
 And high shrine doors burst thro' with heated blasts 
 That run before the fluttering tongues of fire; 
 
 White surf wind-scattered over sails and masts, 
 And, ever climbing higher, 
 
 IX. 
 
 Squadrons and squadrons of men in brazen plates, 
 Scaff'olds, still sheets of water, divers woes, 
 
 Ranges of glimmering vaults with iron gates. 
 And liushed seraglio. 
 
 X. 
 
 So shape chased shape as swift as when to land 
 Bluster the winds and tides the self-same way, 
 
 Crisp foam flakes scud along the level sand, 
 Torn from the fringe of spray. 
 
 XI. 
 
 I started once, or seemed to start. In pain, 
 
 Resolved on noble things, and strove to speak, 
 
 As w^hen a great thought strikes along the brain, 
 And flushes all the cheek. 
 
A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. J 
 
 XII. 
 
 And once my arm was liftetl to hew clown 
 
 A cavalier from off his saddle-how, 
 That bore a lady from a 'leaguered town ; 
 
 And then, I know not how, 
 
 XIII. 
 
 All those sharp fancies by down-lapsing thought 
 
 Streamed onward, lost their edges, and did creep, 
 
 Rolled on each other, roinided, smoothed, and brought 
 Into the gulfs of sleep. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 At last methought that I had wandered far 
 
 In an old wood ; fresh washed in coolest dew, 
 
 The maiden sj)lendors of the morning star 
 Shook in the steadfast blue. 
 
 XV. 
 
 Enormous elm-tree boles did stoop and lean 
 L'^pon the dusky brushwood underneath 
 
 Their broad-curved branches, fiedged with clearest green, 
 New from its silken sheath. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 The dim, red morn had died, her journey done, 
 And with dead lips smiled at the twilight plain, 
 
 Half-fallen across the threshold of the sun, 
 Never to rise again. 
 
 XVII. 
 
 There was no motion in the dmnb, dead air, 
 Not any song of bird or sound of rill; 
 
 Gross darkness of the inner sepulchre 
 Is not so deadly still 
 
10 A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 
 
 XVIII. 
 
 As that wide forest. Growths of jasmine turned 
 Their humid arms festooning tree to tree, 
 And at the root thro' kish green grasses burned 
 The red anemone. 
 
 XIX. 
 
 I knew the flowers, I knew the leaves, I knew 
 The tearful glinuner of the languid dawn 
 
 On those long, rank, dark wood- walks drenched in dew, 
 Leading from lawn to lawn. 
 
 XX. 
 
 The smell of violets, hidden in the green, 
 
 Poured back into my empty soul and frame 
 
 The times when I remember to have been 
 Joyful and free from Ijlame. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 And from within me a clear under-tone 
 
 Thrilled thro' mine ears in that unblissful clime, 
 "Pass freely thro' ; the wood is all thine own. 
 
 Until the end of time." 
 
 XXII. 
 
 At length I saw a lady within call, 
 
 Stiller than chiseled marble, standing there; 
 A daughter of the gods, divinely tall. 
 
 And most divinely fair. 
 
 XXIII. 
 
 Her loveliness with shame and with sur])risc 
 
 Froze my swift speech ; she turning on my face 
 
 The star-like sorrows of immortal eyes, 
 Spoke slowly in her place. 
 
HELEN OF TROY. 
 
o 
 
A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 15 
 
 XXIV. 
 
 "I had great, beauty: ask thou uot my name: 
 No one can be more wise than destiny. 
 
 Many drew swords and died. Where'er I came 
 I brought calamity." 
 
 XXV. 
 
 "No marvel, sovereign lady ; in fair field 
 
 ^Myself for such a face had boldly died." 
 
 I answer'd free; and turning I appealed 
 To one that stood beside. 
 
 XXVI. 
 
 But she, with sick and scornful looks averse, 
 
 To her full height her stately stature draws; 
 
 '*My youth," she said, "was blasted with a curse; 
 This woman was the cause. 
 
 XXVII. 
 
 "I was cut off from hope in that sad place, 
 
 Which yet to name my spirit loathes and fears: 
 
 My father held his hand upon his face: 
 I, blinded with my tears, 
 
 XXVIII. 
 
 "Still strove to speak ; my voice was thick Avith sighs, 
 As in a dream. Dimly I could descry 
 
 The stern, black-bearded kings, with wolfish eyes, 
 Waiting to see me die. 
 
 XXIX. 
 
 "The high masts flickered as they lay afloat ; 
 
 The crowds, the temples, wavered, and the shore ; 
 The bright death quivered at the victim's throat ; 
 
 Touched ; and I knew no more." 
 
16 A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 
 
 XXX. 
 
 Whereto the other, with a downward brow : 
 
 "I would the white cold heavy-plunging foam, 
 
 Whirled by the wind, had rolled nie deep below. 
 Then when I left my home." 
 
 XXXI. 
 
 Her slow full words sank tlu'o' the silence drear, 
 As thunder-drops fall on a sleeping sea ; 
 
 Sudden I heard a voice that cried, "Come here, 
 That I ma}' look on thee." 
 
 XXXII. 
 
 I turning saw, throned on a flowery rise, 
 
 One sitting on a crimson scarf unrolled ; 
 
 A queen, with swarthy cheeks and bold, black eyes, 
 Brow-bound \\ith burning gold. 
 
 XXXIII. 
 
 She, flashing forth a haughty smile, began: 
 
 "I governed men by change, and so I swayed 
 All moods. 'Tis long since I have seen a man. 
 Once, like the moon, I made 
 
 XXXIV. 
 
 *'The ever-shifting currents of the blood 
 According to my humor ebb and flow. 
 
 I have no men to govern in this wood : 
 That makes my only woe. 
 
 XXXV. 
 
 *'Nay — yet it chafes me that I could not bend 
 
 One will ; nor tame and tutor with mine eye 
 
 Tliat dull cold-blooded Caesar. Prythee, friend, 
 Where is ]Mark Antony? 
 
CLEOPATRA. 
 
A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 19 
 
 XXXVI. 
 
 "Tlie man, my lover, with whom I rode subhme 
 On Fortune's neck ; we sut as God by God ; 
 
 The Nihis would have risen before his time 
 And flooded at our nod. 
 
 XXXVII. 
 
 "We drank the Libyan sun to sleep, and lit 
 
 Lamps which outburned Canopus. () my life 
 
 In E<i;y])t! O the dalliance and the wit, 
 The flattery and the strife, 
 
 XXXVIII. 
 
 "And the wild kiss, when, fresh from war's alarais, 
 
 My Hercules, my Roman Antony, 
 My mailed Bacchus leapt into my arms, 
 
 Contented there to die ! 
 
 XXXIX. 
 
 "And there he died ; and when I heard my name 
 
 Sighed forth with life, I would not brook my fear 
 
 Of the other; with a worm I balked his fame. 
 What else was left.? Look here!" 
 
 XL. 
 
 (With that she tore her robe apart, and half 
 
 Tlie polished argent of her breast to sight 
 
 Laid bare. Thereto she pointed with a laugh, 
 Showing the aspic's bite.) 
 
 XLI. 
 
 "I died a Queen. The Roman soldier found 
 Me lying dead, my crown about my brows, 
 
 A name forever ! — lyhig robed and crowned. 
 Worthy a Roman spouse." 
 
20 A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 
 
 XLII. 
 
 Her warbling" voice, ;i lyre of widest range 
 
 Struck b}' all passion, did fall down and glance 
 
 From tone to tone, and glided thro' all change 
 Of liveliest utterance. 
 
 XLIII. 
 
 When she made pause I knew not for delight ; 
 
 Because, with sudden motion from the ground, 
 She raised her piercing orbs, and filled with light, 
 
 The interval of sound. 
 
 XLIV. 
 
 Still with their fires Love tipt his keenest darts ; 
 
 As once they drew into two burnino- rina:s 
 All beams of Love, melting the mighty hearts 
 
 Of captains and of kings. 
 
 XLV. 
 
 Slowly my sense undazzled. Then I heard 
 
 A noise of some one coming thro' the lawn, 
 
 And singing clearer than the crested bird. 
 That claps its wings at dawn. 
 
 XLVI. 
 
 "The torrent brooks of hallowed Israel 
 
 From craggy hollows pouring, late and soon, 
 
 Sound all night long, in falling thro' the dell, 
 Far-heard beneath the moon. 
 
 XLVII. 
 
 "The balmy moon of blessed Israel 
 
 Floods all the deep-blue gloom with beams divine: 
 All night the splintered crags that wall the dell 
 
 With spires of silver shine." 
 
JEPHTHA'S DAUGHTER. 
 
A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 23 
 
 XLVIII. 
 
 As one that museth where broad sunshine laves 
 The lawn of some cathedral, thro' the door 
 
 Hearing the holy organ rolling waves 
 Of sountl on roof and floor 
 
 XLIX. 
 
 Within, and anthem sung, is charmed and tied 
 
 To where he st<inds, — so stood I, when that flow 
 Of music left the lips of her that died 
 To save her father's vow; 
 
 The daughter of the warrior Gileadite, 
 
 A maiden pure ; as when she went along 
 
 From ]Mizpeh's towered gate with welcome light, 
 With timbrel, and with sona;. 
 
 LI. 
 
 My words leapt forth : "Heaven heads the count of 
 ci'imes 
 
 With that wild oath." She rendered answer high : 
 "Not so, nor once alone ; a thousand times 
 
 I would be born and die. 
 
 LII. 
 
 "Single I grew, like some green plant, whose root 
 Creeps to the garden water-pipes beneath, 
 
 Feeding the flower ; but ere my flower to fruit 
 Changed, I was ripe for death. 
 
 LIH. 
 
 "My God, my land, my father,^ — these did move 
 INIe from my bliss of life, that Nature gave, 
 
 Lowered softly with a threefold cord of love 
 Down to a silent e-ravc. 
 
24 A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 
 
 LIV. 
 
 "And I went mourning, 'No fair Hebrew boy 
 Shall smile away my maiden blame among 
 
 The Hebi'ew mothers' — emptied of all joy, 
 Leaving the dance and song, 
 
 LV. 
 
 "Leaving the olive-garden far below. 
 
 Leaving the promise of my bridal bower, 
 
 The valleys of gra])e-loaded vines that glow 
 Beneath the battled tower. 
 
 LVL 
 
 "The light white cloud swam over us. Anon 
 We heard the lion roaring from his den ; 
 
 We saw the large white stars rise one by one, 
 Or, from the darkened glen, 
 
 LVH. 
 
 "Saw God divide the night with Hying flame, 
 And thunder on the everlasting hills. 
 
 1 heard Him, for He spake, and grief became 
 A solemn scorn of ills. 
 
 LVHL 
 
 "When the next moon was rolletl into the skv, 
 
 Strength came to me that ecjiialled mv desire. 
 
 How beautifid a thing it was to die 
 For God and for my sire ! 
 
 LIX. 
 
 "It comforts me in this one thought to dwell. 
 That I subdued me to my father's will; 
 
 Because the kiss he gave me, ere I fell. 
 Sweetens the spirit still. 
 
A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 25 
 
 LX. 
 
 "jMoreover, it is written that my race 
 
 Hewed Amnion, hip nnd thigh, from Aroer 
 
 On Arnon unto ^Minneth." Here her face 
 Glowed as I looked at her. 
 
 LXI. 
 
 She locked her lips ; she left me where I stood : 
 
 "Glor}' to God," she sang, and passed afar, 
 
 Thridding the somhre hoskage of the wood. 
 Toward the morning star. 
 
 LXII. 
 
 Losing her carol I stood pensively. 
 
 As one that from a casement leans his head, 
 
 When midnight hells cease ringing suddenly, 
 And the old year is dead. 
 
 LXHI. 
 
 "Alas ! alas !" a low voice, full of care, 
 
 Murmered beside me: "Turn and look on me: 
 I am that Rosamond, whom men call fair, 
 If what I was I be. 
 
 LXIV. 
 
 "Would I had been some maiden coarse and poor ! 
 
 O me, that I should ever see the light ! 
 Those dragon eyes of angered Eleanor 
 Do haunt me, day and night." 
 
 LXY. 
 
 She ceased in tears, fallen from hope and trust. 
 
 To whom the Egyptian : '*0, you tamely died ! 
 You should have clung to Fulvia's waist, and thrust 
 
 The dagger th.ro' her side." 
 
26 A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 
 
 LXVI. 
 
 With that sharp sound the white dawn's creeping beams, 
 Stolen to mj brain, dissolved the mystery 
 
 Of folded sleep. The captain of my dreams 
 liuled in the eastern sky. 
 
 LXVII. 
 
 Morn broadened on the borders of the dark, 
 
 Ere I saw her, who clasped in her last trance 
 
 Her murdered father's head, or Joan of Arc, 
 A light of ancient France ; 
 
 LXVHI. 
 
 Or her who knew thai Love can vanquish Death, 
 Who kneeling, with one arm about her king. 
 
 Drew forth the poison with her balmy breath. 
 Sweet as new buds in Spring. 
 
 LXIX. 
 
 No memory labors longer from the deep 
 
 Gold mines of thought to lift the hidden ore 
 
 That glini})ses, moving up, than I from sleep 
 To gather and tell o'er 
 
 LXX. 
 
 Each little sound and sight. With what dull pain 
 Compassed, how eagerly I sought to strike 
 
 Into that, wondrous track of dreams again ! 
 But no two dreams are like. 
 
 LXXI. 
 
 As when a soul laments, which hath been blest. 
 Desiring what is mingled with past years. 
 
 In yearning that can never be exprest 
 By signs or groans or tears ; 
 
JEANNE D' ARC. 
 
A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 29 
 
 LXXII. 
 
 Because all words, tho' culled with choicest art, 
 
 Failing to give the hitter of the sweet, 
 Wither beneath the palate, and the heart 
 Faints, faded by its heat. 
 
30 A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 
 
 GENERAL QUESTIONS. 
 
 I. What poem by Chaucer suggested "The Dream of Fair 
 Women"? At what period of Chaucer's life was it written? 
 What was its purpose? Of the nineteen characters which 
 Chaucer essayed to describe, how many are portrayed in the 
 poem?* How long is his poem in its incomplete state? 
 
 II. At what age did Tennyson publish this poem? How 
 many characters are given in it? What is its length? What 
 differences do you find in the construction of the two poems? 
 
 III. Are Tennyson's characters selected with an artist's view 
 to variety and contrast? How many of them are Greek? How 
 many English? How many Jewish? Who are the others? 
 What is the range of time covered by the lives of the Fair 
 Women? Which character is the most recent? 
 
 IV. How would you describe the meter of this poem? Is it 
 frequently employed? Do you know of any other poem of 
 similar meter? Is the meter regular? How many exceptional 
 feet, if any, do you find in it? 
 
 V. What proverbial expression do you find in the 1st stanza? 
 What in the 2nd? What in the 3rd? What in the 4th? What 
 in the 5th? What in the 34th? What in the 63rd? What in 
 the 69th? What in the 70th? 
 
 *Since this poem by Chaucer is not in common use, and may 
 not prove available for reference by the reader, the questions 
 relating to it may be omitted. 
 
A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 31 
 
 QUESTIONS ON THE STANZAS 
 
 MI. How does the author describe, in the first line, his 
 going to sleep? What poems of Elizabeth's age may be said 
 to "echo still"? 
 
 III-IV. How did Chaucer's subject affect Tennyson? How 
 were Tennyson's feelings kept in control by a knowledge of 
 the art with which Chaucer wrote? 
 
 VI. What were the "clattering flints" that were worn by 
 the feet of cavalry horses? What were the "columned sanc- 
 tuaries" to which people fled in time of peril, in ancient times? 
 How did the sacred temples of old differ in appearance from 
 modern churches? How did they protect the refugees? 
 
 VII. Why was the Roman device for undermining a city 
 wall called a "tortoise"? How are the besiegers on the walls 
 represented as attacking the "tortoise"? Why should they 
 take stones from the wall inself. to throw down? 
 
 VIII. When refugees had reached the temples, why did the 
 pursuers seek to drive them out by means of fire? Why did 
 they not murder these in the temple itself? 
 
 IX. What means of capital punishment are described here? 
 XIII. How do fancies lose "their edges" in our dreams? 
 
 Are dreams generally shadowy, and ill-defined? 
 
 XIV-XV. Of what sort of a forest did the poet dream? 
 
 XVII. How is the unnatural stillness of the scene described? 
 
 XVIII-XXI. How did the rank growth affect the dreamer? 
 
 XXII-XXIII. How is Helen of Troy described? What is the 
 story of Helen? Is her story really historical, or legendary? 
 
 XXV. What does the poet say to Helen? Who next appears? 
 
 XXVI-XXIX. What is the plaint of Iphigenia? Why did 
 the kings of the Greeks desire that she be offered as a sacri- 
 fice? What was the "bright death" with which she was killed? 
 How was Helen, indirectly, the cause of her death? 
 
 XXXII. Who next appears? Of what country was Cleopatra 
 queen? 
 
 XXXIII-XXXIV. What is the tenor of her speech? 
 
 XXXV. Why does Cleopatra call Octavius "that dull, cold 
 blooded Caesar"? What was her hope when she fell into his 
 power? (Read Plutarch; also Shakespeare's "Antony and 
 Cleopatra.") 
 
32 A DREAM OF FAIR WOMEN. 
 
 XXXVII. In what constellation is the star Canopus? How 
 far north can it be seen? Is the fame of a star which one has 
 never seen apt to be greater than the reality? Is Canopus a 
 bright star? Why is the sun, setting to the west of Egypt, 
 called the "Libyan sun"? 
 
 XXXVIII. Who was Hercules, or Herakles, in the mythol- 
 ogy of the Greeks and Romans? Who was Bacchvis? 
 
 XXXIX. What were the circumstances of Antony's death? 
 Who is meant by "the other"? What is meant by "the worm"? 
 
 XL. At what does Cleopatra exult? 
 
 XLIII-XLIV. What feature of her face is described as hav- 
 ing the greatest power over men? 
 
 XLIV. Who now appears upon the scene and sings a song? 
 What is the story of Jephtha's daughter? 
 
 XLVI-XLVII. Of what beloved land does she sing? 
 
 XLVIII-XLIX. What effect has the song upon the singer'. 
 
 LI. What does the poet exclaim? To what does he refer? 
 What is her answer? 
 
 LIV. What is meant by her "maiden blame"? Was it a 
 reproach to an Oriental girl to die unmarried? 
 
 LIX. What is the comfort of the maiden? 
 
 LX. To what events of Bible history does she refer? 
 
 LXI. What is meant by boskage? 
 
 LXIII. Who next appears in the dream? What is the story 
 of "Pair Rosamond"? 
 
 LXIV. What is her lament? Who was Eleanor? 
 
 LXV. What does Cleopatra say to her? Does this illustrate 
 the difference between the pagan and the Christian? Who 
 was Pulvia? 
 
 LXVI. How does the poet describe the dawn? 
 
 LXVIl. Who next appears? Who was Margaret Roper's 
 father? Did Sir Thomas More deserve death? What is the 
 story of Margaret? Who was Joan of Arc? Is her time gen- 
 erally known as ancient? 
 
 LXIII. Who next appears? What was the heroic act of the 
 Princess Eleanor? Was Edward her present or her future 
 "king"? Why were thi>y in Palestine? 
 
 LXX. Why does the poet seek to dream the vision over 
 aga^n? 
 
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 Brewer's Collection of Favorite Songs ^Z^Is''&^^fn^^%\oi^£^^'^^i 
 
 words and music. These songs have been re-written expressly for use in schools, 
 200,000 copies now in use. Price, Including postage, 6c. 
 
 Brewer's Collection of Old Familiar Songs apt?i^^?Si?eT2o'r2ttfiJ 
 
 Bixth of public schools. Both words and music. Price 6c. 
 
 Brewer's Collection of Patriotic Songs fJe'^Sno^p^efe^oiianVf nlttiS 
 
 airs ever published. Contains also the national songs of other nations. Bothwordsand 
 music. The music has been re- written and especially adapted to public schools. Price6c. 
 
 Drowflr'e Drimani Cnnor Dnnk C^^^ Lavender Song Book ) Words and music. 
 DieVtil a rllindly dUlljg DUUn Especially adapted to first three grades of public 
 school. Music written in one, two and three parts. Printed in large type. This book 
 is used in many large cities and is daily becoming more and more popular. Special 
 care has been used In the selection of choice words. It contains no meaningless, flat 
 or trashy rhymes. The melodies are simple and beautiful. All of the songs are 
 rapidly becoming general favorites. Price 6c. 
 
 Tho ^linhoam Acollectlonof most popular Sunday School Songa. Bothwordsand 
 ■ lie OUIIUCaill music. Price, Including postage, 4c. 
 
 Brewer's Collection of Good Old Songs i>?*Be*'ntrm%nt'*\"nl°'^s'o?g7Vf tS, 
 
 which are familiar to all lovers of music. The music has been carefully revised by 
 the well-known music-editor. Dr. T. Martin Towne. Price 6c. 
 
 Brewer's Collection of Choice Songs &?fo^Tf^'hrmotfa!^o^aIfiU?g,* 
 
 the music of which ia simple and adapted to third, fourth and fifth grades, ft Is 
 handsomely printed la large type and is becoming a general favorite. Price 8a 
 
 Tha Pninhlnofl Cnnir DAnlr Containing selections from all of our books, bound 
 I MB bUillUIIICII dUllg DUUK Jq one volume. This book was especially prepared 
 for an eastern city by the Supervisor of Music and has become a favorite. Price 25c. 
 
 Brewer's Collection of Songs of the Sunny South ^?^*h*i°south?D?i?er*ofd 
 
 Black Joe, My Old Kentucky Home, etc., etc. Both words and masic. This is the 
 only complete collection of Southern eooga. Piice 10c. 
 
 Brewer's Collection of Old College Songs itS^o^%?'iiriViT^^^^ll 
 
 known by every one who has come iu touch with college life. Price 10«x 
 
 Brewer's Collection of Sacred Songs and Hymns Frice^"'"^ '^'''''^'• 
 Brewer's First Lessons in Vocal Music &"e?"TMsroo\c^omlfn^s^^^^^ 
 
 essential elements of vocal music. It Is brief and concise, containing definitions and 
 exercises. It cau be used in lower grades as an introduction to primary song books 
 or can be used in upper grades immediately preceding eighth grade books. It has 
 the qualities of clearness, simplicity and brevity. Price 10a 
 
 Samplet of any of the above books wUl be mailed to any part of the world on receipt 
 of price. The above prices include postage. Send for one of these books and you wul 
 want them all. Addrecs 
 
 THE ORVILLE BREWER PUBLISHIN6 CO., The Auditorium BIdg., Chicago 
 
014 546 981 8