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PEEEACE 
 
 ENLA&GED AND IMPROYED EDITION. 
 
 In collating for the press a Second Course of Exercises iu 
 Latin, on u Ann's Method," from the text of Dr. Seiden- 
 stucker's "Elementarbuch," it was found that a number of 
 important elements had been only cursorily treated in the 
 .First Course of that work, and that some indispensable 
 detail had even been entirely overlooked. It has therefore 
 been thought advisable to issue an entirely new edition of 
 the First Latin Course, free from these defects, and calcu- 
 lated at the same time to give the learner a more enlarged 
 conception of the structure and genus of the language. 
 
 In the present edition, the elementary principles will 
 be developed more in detail and more consecutively, the 
 transitions will be less abrupt, and whilst everything 
 essential to sound scholarship will be treated seriatim, the 
 learner will not be required to construe entire passages 
 from the classic authors, until some degree of acquaintance 
 with the vocabulary and inflexions of the language has been 
 attained. 
 
 Many practical teachers have objected to Dr. Seiden- 
 stucker's work, on the grounds that it is deficient in purely 
 
IV PBEFACE. 
 
 classic examples of the syntactical rules ; in this respect 
 also the advanced exercises of the present series will leave 
 nothing to be desired 
 
 The First Course consists chiefly of exercises in the con- 
 struction of sentences, containing simple verbal forms only ; 
 illustrating the usages of Latin words that frequently occur ; 
 and is designed to enable learners to begin reading and 
 writing Latin from the first lesson, without any previous 
 acquaintance with either the vocabulary or accidence. 
 
 One of the Editors of the "Eton Latin Grammar " re- 
 marks, " The pupil's first attempts should be extremely 
 literal ; so literal indeed, that word should be strictly ren- 
 dered for word, so far as the difference of idiom will allow." 
 "There are," he likewise observes, " some fragments of 
 composition less complicated than others, on account of the 
 shortness of the sentences and the simplicity of style, and 
 a collection of detached phrases of this description for the 
 exercise of learners, is a good method of introducing them 
 to the practice of the language. " The present volume is I 
 little else than a collection of such sentences arranged in I 
 grammatical order, and consequently an amplification ofl 
 what this writer virtually suggests 
 
AHN'3 METHOD, 
 
 FIRST LATIN COURSE. 
 
 ORTHOGRAPHY AND PRONUNCIATION. 
 THE LETTERS. 
 
 The Latin alphabet is the same as the English, but has no 
 w, and h, y, % only occur in words originally Greek. In 
 Latin there are 'five diphthongs, that is double vowels, 
 which have each a simple sound ; these are <e, au, eu, 
 ei y and cs. 
 
 The letters in Latin words are pronounced exactly like 
 the corresponding letters in similar syllables of English 
 words. But generally, exceptions are inadmissible, hence 
 the following usages :- — 
 
 1. AS REGARDS CoNSOTTATTTS. 
 
 C and G are always hard before a, o, u, and always soft before 
 e, *> y. 
 
 Ch has always the sound of k, 
 
 S final has its hissing sound, thus^ & is pronounced iss, not is, 
 
 2. AS REGARDS DlPHTHO^GS. 
 
 JE and (E have the sound of e, 
 
 Ai in the proper name Cains, and the verb aio has the sound of * in 
 l&gh, under other circumstances the sound of a in made, 
 
 Au has the sound of a in ball, 
 
 Ei in hex and eia, has the sound of % in high, 
 
 Eu in ceu, heu, heus, neuter, neutiquam, seu, and likewise when 
 initial as in eurus, has the sound of u in tube, but in most other words, 
 as meus fme-us), eu is not a diphthong, 
 
 A 3 
 
6 ahn's method. 
 
 Ui in cui and huic has the sound of i in £''a&, but in other words ttf 
 is not properly a digrnph. 
 
 With these exceptions, when two or more vowels occur together, 
 each letter has its name sound, as in monuisti (mon-u-isti) ; when, how- 
 ever, two vowels of the same name occur together, one is usually 
 dropped, as Aaron pronounced d-ron* 
 
 QUANTITY. 
 
 The vowels of Latin words are either short, long, or 
 common ; for example, o is short in the word os (a bone), 
 long in the word cos (a whetstone), and common, that is 
 sometimes short and sometimes long, in hoc (this). 
 
 As regards pronunciation, a vowel that is short should 
 he articulated somewhat more curtly than when it is long, 
 that is the o of cos should have a broader sound than the o 
 of os ; but, in reading prose, this rule is subject to the 
 ordinary usages of English prosody. 
 
 In the lexicons the quantities of the vowels are usually 
 indicated by a mark thus, o, when long ; by a mark thus, 
 J, when short; and sometimes by a mark thus, o, when com- 
 mon. The vowel quantities will be noted in the same 
 way, throughout the vocabularies of the exercises, unless 
 they come under one or other of the following distinc- 
 tions : — 
 
 1. The vowels e and a, when final, are generally short, as in mensa, 
 ante, and will only be marked when long. 
 
 2. The vowels i, o, and u, when final are generally long, as in wart, 
 domino, vultu, and will only be marked when short. 
 
 3. The vowels in the terminations of dissyllables and polysyllables 
 are mostly short, as in memam, puer, turns, honor 9 jucundus. With 
 the exception of es and a few others, the English pronunciation of these 
 terminations, in so far as regards prose, is not affected by the vowel 
 quantities, consequently they will not be marked. 
 
 4. The diphthongs ce, 02, au } ou, ei, being always long, are not 
 marked. 
 
 5. Vowels under a circumflex accent are long, as musd, ord. 
 
 6. A vowel before two consonants or one of the doubles x, %, is 
 generally long by position, as honestus, nix, and is not marked nnleea 
 short. 
 
FIRST LATHS' COTTESE. 7 
 
 7. One vowel before another is generally short, as in metis, and is 
 not marked unless long. 
 
 8. When a vowel does not fall under one or other of these rules, and 
 has no mark in the vocabularies, it is to be regarded as common. 
 
 ACCENT. 
 
 As in English, every Latin word of two or more syllables 
 is accented, that is, the stress of the voice must be thrown 
 upon one particular syllable in accordance with the follow- 
 ing rules :— 
 
 1. "Words of two syllables have the accent on the first, as d~ciis, 
 al'-tus, u'-nus. 
 
 2. Words of three or more syllables are accented on the penult when 
 that svllable is long, as in cla-ma'-fe t mo~ne'-re, au-dl'-re. 
 
 3. When the penult vowel is short, the accent falls upon the ante- 
 penult or third syllable from the end, as in reg'-e-re, om-riip' -ot-em } 
 ex-cu'-blt-us. 
 
 ORTHOGRAPHIC SIGNS. 
 
 The Trema, a mark placed over a vowel, thus o, denotes 
 that it does not form a diphthong with the vowel that fol- 
 lows or precedes it, as in a'er (air). 
 
 The Circumflex accent placed over a vowel, thus a, de- 
 notes that a syllable has been dropped, as naviydrant for 
 navig aver ant (they had sailed). 
 
 The Grave accent placed over a vowel, thus e, denotes 
 generally that the word i3 an adverb or conjunction, not a 
 noun ; thus, the adverb solum (only) is written with the 
 accent to distinguish it from the noun solum (the soil or 
 ground). The circumflex accent is also used in this way ; 
 the ablative case ord (by the shore) is accented to 
 distinguish it from the nominative ora (a shore) ; so 
 the genitive case exercitus (of an army) is written with 
 a circumflex accent to distinguish it from the nominative 
 exercitus (an army). All these marks are not, however, used 
 
8 
 
 AHN S METHOD — PRIST LATIN COURSE. 
 
 by the classic authors, most of them are employed merely 
 to assist beginners. 
 
 The comma, semicolon and other marks of punctuation are 
 used as in English, only the note of admiration occurs 
 less frequently in Latin. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 act. Active. 
 
 adj\ Adjective. 
 
 adv. Adverb. 
 
 aux. Auxiliary. 
 
 conj. Conjunction. 
 
 dem. Demonstrative. 
 
 dep. Deponent. 
 
 /. Fern mine. 
 indec. Indeclinable. 
 
 inf. Infinitive. 
 
 interj. 
 
 Interjection. 
 
 interr 
 
 . Interrogation 
 
 irr. 
 
 Irregular. 
 
 m. 
 
 Masculine. 
 
 n. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 neut. 
 
 Neuter. 
 
 p. 
 
 Participle. 
 
 part. 
 
 Particle. 
 
 pass. 
 
 Passive. 
 
 per/. 
 
 Perfect. 
 
 pers. Personal. 
 plu. Plural. 
 pres. Present. 
 pron. Pronoun. 
 reL Relative. 
 rem. Remark. 
 sing. Singular. 
 sub. Substantive. 
 subj. Subjunctive. 
 v. Verb. 
 
 For signification of the grammatical terms, see Parts of Speech, w 
 Appendix, 
 
EXERCISES. 
 
 l. 
 
 Pater {mas.), a father, 
 Mater (fern.), a mother. 
 Prseceptum (?ient.), a precept. 
 Puer {mas.) , a loy. 
 Pueila (fern.), a girl. 
 Vinum (neitt.), wine. 
 
 .Remark. — The noun prccceptum, besides precept, answers to the 
 English words rule, maxim, and commandment. 
 
 2. 
 
 Bonus (m.), Bona (/.), Bonum («.), good. 
 Pater, mater. Bonus pater. Bona mater. Bonum 
 pneceptum. Bona pueila. Bonum vinum. Bonus puer. 
 
 Rem. — In Latin as in English, nouns are masculine, feminine, or 
 neuter, and bonus, as well as all other adjectives, must agree with them 
 in gender, hence the three forms, bonus, bona, bonum. 
 
 Fratgr (m.), a brother. Soror (/.), a sister. 
 
 Consilium \n.) } advice, counsel. 
 Hem. — The English articles o, an, the, are not expressed in Latin. 
 A father. The brother. The sister. A good brother. The 
 pood sister. A good rule. The good boy. A good mother. 
 Good advice. 
 
 4. 
 Malus (m.), Mala (/.), Malum (n.), bad. 
 Bem. — The adjective malus stands also for evjtfy sinful, hurtful, ill" 
 
10 ahn's method. 
 
 meaning, fraudulent, foolish, mischievous, weak, ugly, and poi- 
 sonous. . . 
 
 Malus frater. Mala soror. Malum consilium. Bona 
 mater. Malum prseceptum. Bona puella. Malus puer. 
 Bonum vinum. * 
 
 Filius (m.), a son. Filia (/.), a daughter. 
 Scamnum (n.), a bench. 
 
 A bad son. The good daughter. A good bench. Mis. 
 chievous advice. The good sister. A bad brother. The ugly 
 boy. Poisonous wine. 
 
 6. 
 
 Magnus, a, um, large, great. 
 Parvus, a, um, small, little. 
 Longus','-a, um, long, tall. 
 
 Parvus frater. Magnum prseceptum. Parva soror. 
 Longuni scamnum. Parvus puer. Longa soror. Parva 
 puella. Scamnum parvum. Pater magnus. 
 
 7. 
 
 Fanis (m.), bread. Aqua (/.), water. Saccharum (n.) f sugar. 
 
 Rem. — In Latin, as in English, nouns signifying males are masculine, 
 those signifying females feminine; but some inanimate objects are 
 masculine, some feminine, and some neuter ; thus panis, bread, is mas- 
 culine, aqua, water, feminine, and vinum, wine, neuter. (See Appendix.) 
 
 Good bread. Good water. Good sugar. A tall brother. 
 The little sister. The great boy. A small girl. A long rule. 
 Bad wine. 
 
 8. 
 
 Est, is. 
 
 Vinum est bonum. Aqua est mala. Panis est bonus. 
 
 8oror est parva. Scamnum est longum. Pilia est bona. 
 
 Prseceptum est magnum. Prater est longus. Saccharum 
 
 est bonum. Magnus est pater. 
 
 Rem. — The words of a sentence may sometimes be elegantly inverted, 
 fcs magnus est pater, instead of paler est magnus* 
 
FIEST LATIN C0TTCSE. 11 
 
 9. 
 
 Callidus, a, urn. crafty, sly. 
 Calidus, a, urn, hot, warm. 
 Frigid us, a, urn, cold, cool. 
 
 Industrius, a, um, industrious, 
 Justus, a, um, just, considerate, 
 Injustus, a, um, unjust, unreasonable. 
 
 The brother is good. The sister is good. G-ood sugar. 
 The boy is crafty. The girl is sly. Crafty advice. The 
 water is hot. The wine is cold. The mother is considerate. 
 The father is unjust. The daughter is industrious. 
 
 10. 
 
 V 
 
 Et(<Km/.) f and. Ergo (conj.), therefore, consequently. 
 
 Sed (conj.), but. Vel (conj.), ) 
 
 Si (conj.), if. Aut {conj.), \ 
 
 For extension of conj. and other abbreviations, see page 8. 
 
 Panis et aqua. Pater, mater et films. Puer malus et 
 puella bona. Prater est Justus sed soror est injusta. Puer 
 est industrius, ergo puer est bonus. Si aqua est ealida, 
 vinum est frigidum. Praeceptum callidum. Injustus est 
 pater. Justa et bona est mater. Prater vel soror. Aqua 
 ealida aut frigida. 
 
 Rem.— Or is rendered by vel in connecting notions of a like kind, 
 and by aut in connecting those that are unlike. 
 
 11. 
 
 Vita (/.), life. 
 Locus (m.), a place. 
 Exemplum (n.), an example. 
 
 Via (/.), a road, way, or path. 
 Saltus (m.), a grove or forest. 
 Belluni (n.), war. 
 
 Rem. — Nouns or names of inanimate objects ending in a are mostly 
 feminine, those ending in us, masculine, and those ending in um, neuter 
 (See Rem. to Ex. 7.) 
 
 Pather or mother. Example or precept. The brother and 
 sister. Wine, water and bread. A crafty boy and sly girl. 
 The war is unjust. An unjust war. The bench is large, but 
 the place is small. If the forest is small, the road is long. 
 The water is cold, therefore the water is good. A good life 
 is a long life. 
 
 12. 
 
 Plerumque (adv.), generally. J Seepe (adv.), often. 
 
 Interdum (adv.), sometimes. 
 Semper (adv.), always. 
 
 Ssepius (adv.), oftener, very ofleiu 
 Non (adv.), not. 
 
12 ahn's method. 
 
 Aqua non est calida. Vinum non est frigidura. Scam- 
 num non est longura. Soror non est industria. Prater 
 interdum est malus. Via non semper est bona. Prsecep- 
 tum plerumque est justum. Yita non semper est longa. 
 Saltus non semper est magnus. Bellum non semper est in- 
 justum. Pater est magnus, sed non nlius. Puella saepe est 
 mala, sed scepius puer. 
 
 Rem. — Non and other adverbs are generally placed before the words 
 they qualify ; thus we say in English is not, but the Latin has non est t 
 (not is). 
 
 13. 
 
 Multus, a, um, much, a great deal of. 
 
 Probus, a, um, honest, upright, dutiful, moral. 
 
 Improbus, a, um, dishonest, worthless, undutiful, immoral. 
 
 Much water. A great deal of wine. The boy is not taft. 
 The girl is not little. The sugar is not good. A mother is 
 always just. A father is often unreasonable. Water is 
 always good. The boy is very often undutiful. The girl is 
 generally upright. If the son is tall, the daughter is little. 
 The brother is always industrious, the sister not always. 
 
 14. 
 Hie, haec, hoc, this. Ille, ilia, illud, that. 
 
 Hie locus, hsec vita, hoc exemplum. Ille saltus, ilia via, 
 illud bellum. Ille puer est probus. Puer ille est impro- 
 bus. Haec puella est callida. Illud scamnum est longum. 
 Ille puer semper est bonus, sed hie puer semper est malus. 
 Si hie puer saepe est malus, puella ilia semper est bona. 
 Interdum hie puer est industrius, sed non semper. Ple- 
 rumque vita proba, vita est longa. 
 
 Rem. — The longest or most important word is generally placed either 
 at the beginning or the end of a sentence. These positions likewise 
 give emphasis to all words so placed. 
 
 15. 
 
 Gengrosus, a, um, generous. 
 Durus, a, um, hard, harsh. 
 S*verus, a, um, serious, severe. 
 
 Albus, a, um, white* 
 Purus, a, um, pure. 
 Humanus, a, um, human, humane. 
 
 Rem. — Place the words accented thus (generous) at the head of the 
 Latin sentence (See Rem. to Ex. 14). 
 
FIEST LATI3 C0U11SE. 13 
 
 The brother is generous. The sister is generous. The 
 father is harsh. The mother is severe. The boy is crafty. 
 That forest is large. A humane father. That road is gene- 
 rally hard. Bread is generally white, but not always. That 
 wine is not always pure. If a father is sometimes severe, a 
 mother is generally just. The son is often industrious, and 
 the daughter always dutiful. 
 
 16. 
 
 Sponda (/), a bed or couch, 
 Nun tins (m.), a messenger, news, 
 Grameru(tt.), grass, an herb. 
 
 Bonus est nuntius. Hie 
 
 Liber (m.), a book. 
 w £quus (m.), a horse, 
 Mel (n.)j honey. 
 
 liber non est magnus. Ilia 
 
 sponda non est longa. Equus albus ssepe est cailidus. Gra- 
 roen illud est malum. Gramen malum non est bonum. Gra- 
 men non semper est malum. Si vinum est malum, aqua 
 est bona. Aqua est pura, et vinum est parum. Si hie 
 equus est parvus, ille est magnus. Yia longa non semper 
 via est bona. Mel malum. 
 
 Eem. — In Latin a short word generally precedes a long one, hence 
 monosyllabic nouns are generally placed before their adjectives, as mel 
 malum, not malum meL 
 
 17. 
 
 Animal (».), a creature, an animal. 
 Dominus (m.), a lord, master, or nobleman. 
 Jus (n.), right, justice, the law ; also juice, broth, soup, or gruel. 
 Rem, — The word animal in Latin signifies any living thing, and may 
 imply a bird, reptile, or insect, as well as a quadruped. 
 
 A great lord, A large animal. The animal is large. A 
 horse is an animal. This animal is a horse. The soup is 
 hot, but not good. Humane law is just law. If the law is 
 not humane, the law is not just. This master is just, that 
 unjust. An upright father is generally a good master. Ao 
 harsh master is not always a severe father. 
 
 18. 
 
 Negotiosus, a, urn, active, full of business, busy. 
 oriosus, a, um, inactive, at leisure, idle, indolent. 
 Honestus, a, um, honourable, -righteous, honest. 
 Contentus, a, um, content, contented, satisfied. 
 
 Dominus probus est et honestus. Yita bona est nego* 
 
14 ahn's metiiod. 
 
 tiosa. Plerumque pater negotiosus est contentus. Prater 
 est negotiosus, et soror est negotiosa. Puella est negotiosa, 
 sed puer est otiosus. Puer otiosus ssepe est improbus. 
 Filius est contentus, sed filia non est contenta. Doininus 
 severus non semper est durus. Si pater Justus est et gene- 
 rosus, plerumque filius est probus. Equus animal est 
 magnum. Hie bonus est dominus. 
 
 Rem. — It is usual in Latin to separate an adjective from its noun by 
 placing some other word between them, thus, ille bonus est dominus is 
 more elegant than ille est bonus dominus ; and generally, a word that 
 usually stands close to another, receives emphasis by being separated 
 from it, particularly if placed near the end of the sentence. 
 
 19. 
 
 Concilium (n.) t a council. 
 Mercator (m.), a merchant. 
 Rex (m.), a king. 
 Regina (/.), a queen. 
 
 Mare (n,), the sea. 
 Flos (m.), a jlower 
 avis (/.), a bird. 
 apes or apis (/.), a bee. 
 
 Rem. — The word concilium means an assembly of counsellors, and 
 also the place where they meet. Consilium signifies properly the 
 deliberation of the counsellors, and the conclusion they arrive at, hence 
 it stands for counsel, advice, discretion, design, plan, intention, and 
 purpose. 
 
 The White Sea is large. An indolent life is sinful. The 
 merchant is active and upright. The queen is just and gene- 
 rous. This bird is small. A bird is not always small. The 
 bee is a small but industrious insect. That white herb is not 
 a flower. The council is severe but humane. The advice is 
 harsh but just. Good advice is generally harsh. A king is 
 not always an unreasonable master. 
 
 20. 
 
 Meus, a, um, my, mine, 
 Tuus, a, um, thy, thine, your, yours. 
 Suus, a, um, his, her, hers* its, one's own* 
 Kjus (indeclinable), his, her, its. 
 
 Pater meus, mater mea, scamnum meum. Eex tuus 
 bonus est dominus. Eegina tua proba est et generosa. 
 Consilium tuum durum est sed justum. Films negotiosus 
 est ejus. Filia negotiosa est ejus. Exemplum bonum est 
 
riKST LATIN COURSE. 15 
 
 ejus. Apis et mel suum. Liber ille est meus. Hio 
 panis est tuus. Scarnnum illud est suum. Hsec avis est 
 ejus. Domimis suus. Contentus frater est meus, sed soror 
 mea non est contenta. 
 
 Rem. — The possessive pronouns meus 9 tuus, suus, are subject to the 
 same conditions as adjectives, and agree in gender with, the person or 
 thing possessed. (See Rem. Ex. 2.) 
 
 21. 
 
 Popiilus (/.), a poplar tree. 
 Populus (m.), a people, populace. 
 Ventus (?n ), the wind. 
 Zephyrus (m.), the west-wind. 
 
 Poena (/.), a punishment, 
 Merces (/.), a reward. 
 Laus (f), praise. 
 Mors (/.), death. 
 
 The wind is cooL The west^ wind is warm. My brother 
 and my sister. Your people is contented. Your queen is 
 severe, but not harsh. Your precept is just. The merchant 
 and his son. The father and his daughter. The king and his 
 council. Praise is my reward. Death is your punishment. 
 The brother and his sister. The sister and her brother. The 
 horse and its grass. That poplar-tree is mine. This flower is 
 yours. That bed is his. One's own book. 
 
 22. 
 
 Alter, altera, alterum, other, another. 
 
 Mfser, misera, miserum, wretched. 
 
 Niger, nigra, nigrum, black. 
 
 Pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum, beautiful, lovely, fine, pretty. 
 
 Re:.i. — Some adjectives in er retain the e before the feminine and 
 neuter terminations, in others the e is dropped. 
 
 Alter locus, via altera, mare alterum. Hie flos est pul- 
 cher. Hsec avis est pulchra. Hoc animal est pulchrum. 
 Equus niger non est albus. Mare Nigrum, mare est mag- 
 num. Jus nigrum interdum est bonum, sed non semper. 
 ., Hie liber est meus, alter tuus. Hasc puella est negotiosa, 
 sed altera otiosa. Hoc prssceptum justum est, sed alterum 
 injustum. Mercator improbus semper est miser. Mater 
 dura plerumque est misera. Bex tuus* semper est miser, 
 Bed regiua tua semper contenta. 
 
 * 
 
16 AIIN'S METHOD, 
 
 23. 
 
 JEger, segra, segrum, sick, ill, ailing^ unwell, 
 
 Piger, gra, gram, lazy, slow, dull. 
 
 Liber, libera, liberum, free. 
 
 Asper, £ra, erum, rough, rugged, rude, tart, bitter, 
 
 A nigged place, a rough couch, tart wine. The boy is un- 
 well, the girl is ailing, and the animal is sick. The white flower 
 is lovely. That little bird is pretty. This animal is large 
 and beautiful. My daughter is ailing, but not my son. Your 
 sick mother. The girl is slow but not indolent. If the people 
 is free, the king is free. A free people is not always con- 
 tented. A beautiful girl is not always a good girl. An 
 active life is a long life. 
 
 Rem. — When two emphatic words occur in the same sentence, one is 
 usually placed at the end, and the other at the beginning. (See Rem. 
 Ex. 16). 
 
 24. 
 
 Homo (c. g ), a human being, man, woman, or person, 
 Juvenis (c. g.), a youth, a young man, or young woman, 
 Senex (c g.), an old man, or old woman. 
 Princeps (c. g.), a prince, chief or principal. 
 
 Rem. — Nouns marked c. g. (common gender) are both masculine 
 and feminine; some of these nouns, however, as homo and %erux, are 
 seldom used in the feminine sense. (For other examples, see Ap- 
 pendix). 
 
 Rex tuus princeps est Justus. Regina tua mulier est 
 generosa. Prater meus juvenis estindustrius. Soror mea 
 juvenis est proba. Senex dominus est severus. Mercator 
 homo est niger. Homo niger ssepe honestus est et negotio- 
 sus. Homo honestus plerumque est eontentus. Senex in- 
 terdum est asper, interdum generosus. Homo ssepe est 
 eontentus, sed non semper. Si hie juvenis est negotiosus, 
 ilia est otiosa. Rex injustus, plerumque durus est homo. 
 Bellum ssepe est justum, sed ssepius injustum. 
 
 25. 
 
 Vir (m.), a male, a 7nan, a husband. 
 Mulier (/.)> a woman, a wife. 
 Judicium (n.), judgment. 
 Auctor (c. g.), an author, or au- 
 thoress, a writer. 
 
 Deus (c*. g.), God, a god, or goddess-. 
 Parens (c. g.), a parent. 
 Testis (c. g.), a witness. 
 Nemo {e.g.), no one, nobody, 
 Canis {c. g.), a dog. 
 
 Rem. — The English word man is rendered by homo when an uniia- 
 
FIRST IATIN COURSE. 
 
 17 
 
 portant personage is referred to, and by vir when the individual is spoken 
 of respectfully. Homo is also used when man means mankind in 
 general, and likewise in speaking of a person disrespectfully, as — 
 homo ille ingratus, that ungrateful fellow. 
 
 Man is often unjust. Your king is a great man. The 
 merchant is a dishonest man. God is great and good. The 
 prince is an author. My brother is your parent. The 
 messenger is a lazy fellow. Man is not always harsh and 
 severe. Your father is a just and upright man. The queen 
 is an active woman, and a dutiful mother. JSo one is always 
 unreasonable or mischievous. My dog is a large and beauti- 
 ful animal. This witness is an honest man, but the other is 
 dishonest. 
 
 26. 
 
 Noster, nostra, nostrum, our, ours. 
 Vester, vestra, vestrum, your, yours. 
 
 Panis noster est albus. Via nostra est aspera. Nostrum 
 scamnum est longum. Rex vester vir est magnus. Re- 
 
 ; gina vestra mulier est proba. Consilium, vestrum est 
 bonum. Vester liber est parvus. Frater noster est auctor. 
 
 ' Hie canis est vester. Populus vester liber est et contentus. 
 Deus est rex et pater noster. Avis vestra est parva, sed 
 pulchra. Pater vester vir est honestus, et mater vestra 
 mulier hones ta. Fiiius tuus juvenis est otiosus, sed tua 
 
 I filia juvenis est negotiosa. 
 
 Rem. — Your and yours, in addressing a single person, are rendered 
 ' by tuus ; and, when two or more persons are implied, by vester. (See 
 . also Rein., Ex. 20, and likewise possessive pronouns in Appendix.) 
 
 27. 
 
 . Victoria (/.), Victoria. 
 Albertus (m.), Albert. 
 Monitor (m.), a counsellor. 
 Pars (/.), apart. 
 
 Fera(/.) | 
 
 a wild'beait. 
 
 Beliua(/.) 
 
 Discipulus (m.),a pupil, or scholar. 
 
 Liscipula (/.), a (female) pupil. 
 
 Rem. — The term wild-beast may be rendered either hyfera or bellua ,• 
 properly bellua signifies a beast, or brute, tame as well as wild, but is 
 mostly used in speaking of animals in a state of nature. Fera is the 
 feminine fcrm of the adjective ferus, savage, and implies anything wild. 
 Whether animate or inanimate. 
 
 B 3 
 
18 AHN*3 METHOD. 
 
 Our master is severe. Your couch is rough. Our soup is 
 black. The white flower is yours. The long bench is ours. 
 This part is ours, that is yours. Our life is not long. A wild 
 beast is sometimes large, sometimes small. A mischievous 
 boy is generally a wretched scholar. A lazy girl is generally 
 an indolent pupil. Yictoria is a just queen, and Albert an 
 upright prince. An upright man is always an honest coun^ 
 sellor. If the father is severe, the son is generally dutiful. 
 
 28. 
 
 Bes (/.), lathina or a/Fair f Cfvis ( c ' ^> a citizen > or #™* 
 
 Negotium («.), J a mng 0r aj;air ' tryman. 
 
 Philos6phus (m.), a philosopher. 
 Philosophia (/.), philosophy. 
 
 Miles (m.), a soldier. 
 Gaudium (n.),joy, delight. 
 
 Rem. — The noun res properly signifies something inert, but is often 
 used in speaking of an act, and besides thing and affair stands for 
 fact, circumstance, act* deed, substance, property, and is often used in 
 making up compound expressions, as, res publica, the public affair, 
 that is, the commonwealth, or state ; so res oratoria, a speech affair^ or 
 an oration. Negotium is used in much the same way as res, but 
 mostly implies action of some kind, and stands for matter, affair* 
 enterprise* transaction, business, occupation. 
 
 Res dura est bellum. Bellum non est negotium meum. 
 Judicium tuum est justum. Judicium est severum, sed 
 humanum. Discipulus industrius est gaudium meum. Hie 
 testis vir est probus, et civis houestus. Erater meus est 
 miles, tuus civis. Regina nostra est justa, ergo populus 
 est contentus. Albertus princeps est negotiosus, et monitor 
 honestus. Si homo non est honestus, monitor non est pro- 
 bus. Philosophia plerumque, monitrix est mea. 
 
 29. 
 
 ager (m.), a field, land, estate. 
 Soeietas (/.), a partnership, association, society. 
 Legatus (m.), an ambassador, a lieutenant-general. 
 Consols (c. g)< consort, partner, or colleague. 
 
 Hvyi.—Consors signifies one that shares the same lot, and cqnsC' 
 quently stands for a companion, equal, or associate. 
 
 Your pupil is generally idle. The ambassador is often ill. 
 A philosopher is always contented. Your brother i* an honest 
 
FIRST IATIN COtJllSE. 
 
 Soldier. My colleague is an honourable man. Victoria is a 
 considerate and generous princess. Albert is an upright 
 prince, and a good citizen. Our estate is small, but yours is 
 large. Your enterprise is just, but your design is crafty. 
 This part is good, but the other is bad. If the law is bad, 
 society is generally wretched. The law if righteous is a 
 good master, but the law is not always righteous. 
 
 30. 
 
 Noxius, a, urn, hurtful, injurious, pernicious, noxious. 
 San us, a., una, sane, healthy, sound, wholesome. 
 JEgrotus, a, urn, sickly, unhealthy, diseased. 
 Pretiosus, a, um, precious, valuable, costly. 
 
 JIulta aqua est noxia. Panis niger non est noxius. 
 Bonum judicium res est pretiosa. Homo ssepe segrotus est 
 et miser. Yinum asperum plerumque est sanum. Prater 
 meus aegrotus est, sed soror sana. Interdum vita nostra, 
 res est aspera. Plerumque ventus est sanus, sed non 
 ; semper. Si hie puer semper est sanus, ilia puella semper 
 est bona. Si mater severa est, filia plerumque est proba. 
 Si pater est sanus, filius plerumque est sanus. Pater Justus 
 et honestus, plerumque civis est bonus. 
 
 Rem. — In writing Latin some attention will have to be paid to 
 sound as well as sense, euphony being an essential in elegant latinity. 
 A word ending witli a vowel often precedes another beginning with, 
 one, but this should be avoided when practicable. Words having the 
 
 fSanie terminations should be placed apart, and it will often be advis- 
 able to place a short word between two lung ones., thus — eqvus animal 
 est magnum sounds better than equus est magnum animal . (See uLso 
 
 'Remarks, £x. 6, 8, 12, 18, and 23.) 
 
 31, 
 
 Cervus (m.), a stag. 
 asinus (w.), an ass. 
 Corvus (m ), a raven. 
 Striithiocanielus (m.), an ostrich. 
 Vulpes, is (/.), a fox. 
 
 Prseceptor (m.), > a master or 
 M agister (w.\ 3 teacher. 
 IMagistra (/.), a mistress or 
 
 teacher. 
 Domina (/.), a mistress, a lady. 
 
 Rem, — The word master, when a teacher is implied, may either be 
 rendered by dominus, praceptor, or magister ; when used in the sense of 
 employer, by dominus alone. Properly dominus signifies the master of a 
 ho*;se ; whilst magister denotes a ruler or magistrate of any kind, 
 "Whether of a state, bouse, or school, and ^nce stands for school- 
 master^ tuto^ and teacher* 
 
20 AUK'S METHOD. 
 
 The stag is a beautiful animal. The ostrich is a large but 
 not a beautiful bird. The ass is generally lazy. The raveo 
 is a small but crafty bird. My master is an old man, yours 
 a youth. Your king is a generous master, but your queen is 
 a harsh mistress. If the teacher is severe, the pupil is gene- 
 rally industrious. My pupil is sometimes active, sometimes 
 inactive. A just master is sometimes severe. If the mother 
 is not healthy, the daughter is sometimes sickly. 
 
 32. 
 
 Instinctus (m.) 3 instinct. 
 Cautus (m.), a song. 
 Gradus (m.), a step. 
 Pgcunia (/.), money. 
 
 amicus (m.), a friend. 
 arnica (/.), a (female) friend. 
 Servus (m.) } a servant, or slave. 
 Serva (/.), a (female) servant. 
 
 Arnica mea est segra. Serva nostra mulier est negotiosa. 
 Cantus parvus soope est pretiosus. Dominus probus pie- 
 rumque est contentus. Gaudiuni purus est instinctus. 
 Multa pecunia ssepe est noxia. Si filius est otiosus, filia 
 est negotiosa. Si dominus est otiosus, plerumque servus 
 est miser. Prater discipulus industrius est tuus. Gradus 
 asper ssepe gradus est bonus. Servus meus est conten- 
 tus, sed serva mea non est contenta. Vita nostra saepe est 
 inisera. Rex tuus vir magnus est. 
 
 Rem. — The auxiliary est, and all other verbs, may sometimes be ele- 
 gantly placed at the end of the sentence. They are generally so placed 
 when emphatic, unless euphony suggests some other order. (See Rem. 
 Ex. 30.) 
 
 33. 
 
 Vitium (w.), a fault, vice. 
 
 Obus (m.),food, meat. 
 Potus (m.), drink. 
 Plaga ( /.), a climate. 
 
 Anus (/.), an old woman. 
 Annus (m.), a year, a season, 
 Tempfiries (/.), mildness, a season. 
 atiuni (n.) } rest, leisure, idleness. 
 
 Rem. — The word vitium signifies a corruption of the body or mind, 
 in which acceptation it answers to the English word vice. But vitium 
 likewise expresses anything that is wrong, hence it stands for flaw, 
 blemish, stain, deformity, superfluity. Lastly, vitium implies anything 
 that is done wrong, and in this sense answers to the English word 
 fault. 
 
 Idleness is a vice. Your fault is great. White bread is a 
 
 wholesome food. Tart vrine is a wholesome drink. A hot 
 
FIRST LATIN COTJESE. 21 
 
 year is not healthy. A cold climate is always healthy. Mild- 
 ness is sometimes wholesome, sometimes injurious. If a man 
 is wretched, the season is generally wretched. Your king is 
 an old man, and your queen an old woman. If the teacher is 
 indolent, the pupil is generally lazy. A severe judgment is 
 often a just judgment. My master is satisfied, but my mis- 
 tress is not satisfied. 
 
 34. 
 
 Medicamentum («.) \ med ><»™> ***»* a reme ^- 
 
 Dfcmus (/), a house, home, or family, [courage. 
 
 Virtus (/.), a virtue, quality ■, worthiness, ability, manliness. 
 
 Rem. — Medicina is used in speaking of a remedy for diseases of the 
 mind as well as the body ; medicamentum mostly in the sense of a 
 compouud or drug. 
 
 Virtus consors mea est. Domus mea vita esfcmea. Bel- 
 lum longum est et pigrum. Virtus monitor est honestus. 
 Aquapura bona est medicina. Domus tua est magna, mea 
 parva. Puer piger, plerumque filius est improbus. Domus 
 mea parva est, sed contenta. Medicina interdum bona 
 est, interdum noxia. Si dominus est injustus, plerumque 
 domus misera est. Gramen illud bonum est medicamen- 
 tum. Servus noster piger est homo, et serva nostra ssepe 
 segra est. 
 
 35. 
 
 Serenus, a, um, serene, fine, clear, calm. 
 Splendid us, a, um, splendid, magnificent, bright, clear, gay. 
 Gratus, a, um, agreeable, thankful, kind, grateful, pleasing. 
 Ingratus, a, um, disagreeable, unkind } ungrateful, thankless. 
 
 Manliness is always pleasing. My heme is my delight. 
 The master is kind, but the mistress is unkind. War is a 
 thankless thing. The sea is calm and bright. The west-wind 
 is calm and pleasing. The merchant is an ungrateful fellow. 
 Wine is a wholesome and agreeable drink. One's own house 
 is a precious thing. The lieutenant-general is an agreeable and 
 generous man. The old man is grateful, but the old woman 
 xs ungrateful. The stag is a magnificent animal, and the 
 Ofctrich a magnificent bird. 
 
22 AJIN 3 METHOD. 
 
 36. 
 
 Alius, a, um, 
 Celsus, a, um, [ 
 
 Lxcelsus, a, inn, [ J ' J J> 
 
 Procerus, a, um. 
 
 j 
 
 Rufus, a, urn, reddish, hay. 
 Doctus, a, um, learned. 
 Nullus, a, um, none. 
 Sobrius, a, um, sober. 
 
 Rem. — -4Z£ws signifies height and loftiness in the common accepta- 
 tion of these terms ; celsus involves nearly the same notions, but ex™ 
 presses tht:in more elegantly ; excelsus denotes an excess of the qualities 
 expressed by celsus ; procerus is likewise an elegant term for high and 
 lofty, but implies slender, and is mostly employed in speaking of things 
 that have length without breadth. The English adjective tall is ren- 
 dered by longus or altus in speaking of both persons and things ; by 
 celsus, excelsus, or magnus in speaking of persons only. Altus, be- 
 sides high and tall likewise stands for deep, when depth in relation to 
 height is referred to. Celsus ^ besides high and lofty, answers to straight, 
 erect, exalted, high-spirited, proud ; and excelsus stands for noble, 
 stately, and haughty. 
 
 Domus mea est alta. Mare Nigrum est altum. Struihio- 
 eamelus avis est alta. Discipulus me as puer est celsus. 
 Rex yester princeps celsus est et splcndidus. Ilia populus 
 alta est et procera. Equus rufus animal est pulchrum. 
 Virtus excelsus est instinctus. JSTegotium illud in jus turn. 
 est. Animal hoc parvum apes est. Preceptor meus vir est 
 doctus. Bonus parens plerumque pater severus est. In- 
 terdum vita humana misera est. Mercator homo sobrius et 
 honestus est. Semper contentus nullus homo est. Vir 
 probus et excelsus amicus est tuus. 
 
 37. 
 
 Impgrium (n.), power, government, empire. 
 
 Imperator (m.), a commander, ruler, emperor, sovereign. 
 
 animus (»».), the mind, intellect, soul, spirit. 
 
 anima (/.), breath, existence. 
 Hem. — Anima properly signifies the breath of life, the vital spark, 
 or principle common to all created beings. Animus means the human 
 soul, and likewise stands for instinct, or whatever bears analogy to the 
 soul of man ; it likewise answers to heart or breast, when these words 
 are used in English to express the human passions. 
 
 The Black Sea is not deep. A haughty man is often 
 wretched. The government is not always just. No sea is 
 always calm and bright. Your emperor is a great and gene- 
 rous prince. The human mind is not an instinct. The am- 
 
FIEST LATIX COURSE. 23 
 
 bassador is an honourable and learned man. The brother is 
 tall, but the sister is little. This medicine is black, but it is 
 wholesome. My colleague is an agreeable friend, and an up- 
 right citizen. If the sovereign is just, the people is generally 
 contented. Our queen is little, but her empire is great. 
 
 on 
 
 i Ego, /. Xos, ive, us. 
 
 Tu, thou, you. Yos, you. 
 
 Alter ego. Ego et pater meus. Tu 1 et frater tuus. Nos 
 
 ' et mater nostra. Vos et soror vestra. Yinum aqua non 
 
 . est. Avis parva non magna est. Equus albus non est 
 
 ( niger. Ager tuus pulcher est, sed meus est magnus. Meus 
 
 equus rufus est, non niger. Si tuum scamnum est magnum, 
 
 meuin est longum. Bonus amicus gaudium est meum. 
 
 Temperies semper est grata, sed non semper sana. Si 
 
 ' imperator improbus est, imperium est improbum. Animus 
 
 • gratus, plerumque animus est contentus. Ego 2 aut tu, 
 frater meus airfc frater tuus. 
 
 Rem. 1.- — The English personal pronoun you is rendered by tu> in 
 
 • addressing a single person, and by vos when two or more persons are 
 implied. (See Rem. Ex. 26.) 
 
 (2) The first person is placed before the second in Latin, ego et tu, 
 / and you ; not you and I. 
 
 Napoleon (w.), Napoleon* 
 Eugenia (/.), Eugenia. 
 Ceres (/.)> Ceres. 
 Roma ( /.), Rome. 
 
 39. 
 
 ^^^\acity^to,n. 
 
 Insula (/.), an island. 
 Dea (/.), a goddess. 
 
 Rem. — Oppidum signifies a town of ordinary dimensions, urbs a 
 city or capital; but, the Romans applied the term oppidum to every 
 city and town except Rome. 
 
 My teacher and I. You and your son. We and our 
 daughter. Your master and you. The long bench is yours. 
 .Ceres is a pleasing goddess. Eugenia is a stately lady-. 
 J&ome is a large city. A lofty place is generally healthy. A 
 splendid town is not always an agreeable town. Our island 
 is small, bat its power is great. A little man is sometimes a 
 great King. If the teacher is active, the pupil is often in- 
 dustrious. A harsh counsellor is often a good friend. Na- 
 poleon is a great ruler, and his empire is magnificent. 
 
24 ahn's method. 
 
 40. 
 
 Brgvis, e, short, brief. 
 Crudelis, e, cruel. 
 Fertilis, e, fertile. 
 SteYilis, e, sterile, barren. 
 
 utilis, e, useful. 
 I null lis, e, useless. 
 Mortalis, e, mortal. 
 Immortalis, e, immortal. 
 
 Rem. — Adjectives have generally three terminations, one for each 
 gender, as bonus, bona, bonum ; but some have only two, one for 
 the masculine and feminine, and another for the neuter. These com- 
 monly have the masculine and feminine in is, and the neuter in e, as 
 masculine, brevis, feminine, brevis, neuter, breve. (See Appendix.) 
 
 Puer est brevis. Puella est brevis. Scamnum est breve. 
 Liber bonus est utilis. Pes utilis est societas. Asinus est 
 animal utile. Nemo semper crudelis est. Pera plerumque 
 crudelis est. Animal crudele noxium est. Ventus non 
 semper est inutilis. Homo inutilis est, si semper est otio- 
 sus. Plerumque bellum est inutile, semper noxium. Ager 
 meus est fertilis, tuus sterilis. Locus sterilis non semper 
 est inutilis. Liber est sterilis, si non utilis. Usee pars est 
 brevis, ilia longa. Pilia brevis mea est, sed films meus 
 celsus. Homo mortalis est, sed Deus immortalis. 
 
 41. 
 
 Maritus, (m.), a husband. 
 
 uxor (/.), a wife. 
 
 Conjux (e.g.), a husband or wife. 
 
 Judex (c. g.) f a judge. 
 
 Fuga (/.), flight. 
 
 Caelum (n.), heaven, the shy, wea- 
 ther. 
 Mundus (m.), the world, 
 Palatium (n.), the court, a palace, 
 Mensis (m.), a month. 
 
 Rem. — The word husband is generally rendered by maritus, and 
 wife by uxor ; but both words may be rendered by conjux, which is a 
 more elegant but less homely term. In colloquial and also in a lofty 
 style husband and wife are rendered by vir and mulier respectively. 
 
 The weather is fine. The horse is a useful animal. War is 
 always cruel. The husband is a sober man. The wife is an 
 industrious woman. A cool month is my delight. The road 
 is short but rugged. Society is always pleasing. The world 
 is sometimes grateful, sometimes ungrateful. Life is some- 
 times brief, sometimes long. A harsh judge is not a humanai 
 judge. The sky is not always clear. The court is generally, 
 agreeable, if the sovereign is agreeable. That poplar is tall, 
 but the other is short. The mistress is generous, if the; 
 master is generous. 
 
FIBST LATIN C0TJESE. 25 
 
 42. 
 
 Omnis, all, every. 
 
 Cunctus, a, urn, all, the whole, entire, altogether, 
 
 Totus, a, urn, all, the whole of, every part. 
 universus, a, urn, all, the whole, without exception. 
 Rem. — Omnis stands for all, when that word may be substituted for 
 ei^ery, as omne bellura, all war, or every war. Cunctus is a contrac- 
 tion of conjunctus {joined together), and is mostly used in speaking of 
 8 whole made up of parts, as cuncla Ger mania, {all Germany) that 
 is, all the states that constitute Germany ; cunctus senates {all the 
 senate), that is, all the members of the senate. Totus is properly 
 used in speaking of things indivisible, as tola vita mea {all my life, 
 my whole life, or the whole of my life) ; tota dies {all day, or the 
 whole of the day. Universus is an intensitive word, and is only used 
 when all is emphatic, as universum studium meum {all my study, my 
 whole endeavour, or my every effort.) 
 
 Napoleon et totum palatium suum. Omne bellum cru- 
 dele est. Tota insula fertilis est. Cunctus populus mi- 
 ser est. Totum ccelum est serenum. Universus mundus 
 1 gratus est et contentus. Totus hie mensis plerumque est 
 frigidus. Yitium res est noxia. Res est excelsa virtus. 
 Poena dura est poena crudelis. Praeceptum est inutile, si 
 non est justum. Liber noxius est, si non est utilis. Ani- 
 mus crudelis animus est malus. Yita sterilis est, si non est 
 utilis. Locus sterilis interdum utilis est. Interdum judex 
 Justus est, mterdum injustus. 
 
 43. 
 
 Donum (n.), } ... 
 
 Mun as (n),S U!P/l ' 0tpreSent - 
 Mensa (/.), a table. 
 Hortus {m.), a garden. 
 
 Latebra (/), a hiding place. 
 Fames (/.), hunger. 
 Veritas (/.), truth. 
 Lignum {n.), wood. 
 
 PcEM. — Donum is used when the word gift expresses a mark of bene- 
 volence ; munus when gift means an interchange of friendship. 
 
 A flower is a beautiful gift. Food is a harsh, money a stately 
 gift. Every man is mortal. Every animal is mortal. This 
 herb is a useful medicine. This table is small, but the other is 
 large. Truth is a noble virtue. Hunger is a bitter thing. A 
 foolish precept is a noxious precept. My whole life is 
 wretched. The rugged forest is my hiding-place. My brother 
 is tall, but my sister is short. Wood is generally hard, but 
 not always. The \S *>le of our garden is fertile. 
 
 G 
 
26 
 
 AID) S lUlttOD. 
 
 44. 
 
 Facilis, e, easy, pliant, tractable, courteous. 
 
 Difficilis, e, difficult, troublesome, rugged, rude. 
 
 Fortis, e, strong, brave, hardy, courageous, poiverfuU 
 
 Mitis, e, ripe, mellow, soft, gentle^ mild, meek. 
 
 Turpis, e, shameful, disgraceful, base, vile. 
 
 Nobilis, e, well-known, noted, renowned, noble, of high birth. 
 
 Ceres dea est nobilis. Roma urbs nobilis est. Asinus 
 animal est facile. Difficile negotium est meum. Res poena 
 injusta est turpis. Omne bellum non est turpe. Hie liber 
 facilis est et utilis. Amicus vir facilis est meus et probus. 
 Rex tuus vir fortis est et humanus. Napoleon princeps 
 nobilis et generosus est. Nostra insula nobilis est et fertilis. 
 Hoc mite gramen utile est medicamentum. Vita otiosa, vita 
 est turpis. Animus juagnus semper facilis est et serenus. 
 Mitis plerumque populus miser est. Res imperium diffi- 
 cilis. 
 
 Rem. — Est and other forms of the verb to be are generally dropped 
 in Latin, whenever the sense is not obscured by the omission; thus, 
 res imperium est difficilis [power is a troublesome thing) may be 
 more elegantly rendered, res imperium difficilis (a troublesome thing 
 power), leaving the est understood, 
 
 46. 
 
 Mums (m.), 
 Paries (m.), 
 
 ]\laceria(/.), } a wall. 
 Macenes (/.), 
 Mcenia (n.plu.), 
 Nobllitas (/.), nobility. 
 
 Nihil (or contracted, nil) («.), 
 
 nothing. 
 Quicquam (n.), anything. 
 LImen (».), a threshold. 
 Limes (/.), a boundary. 
 Finis (m. or/.), end ov limit. 
 
 Rem. — Murus means a wall of any kind; paries the wall of a 
 house or other building ; maceria and maceries are different orthogra- 
 phies of the same word, both signifying the wall of a garden or other 
 enclosure ; mcenia is only used in speaking of a fortress, and properly 
 signifies a fortified wall. 
 
 Joy is a pleasing thing. Mildness is always agreeable. 
 Nothing useful is pernicious. Idleness is a disgraceful vice. 
 War is often useless. If anything is good, this is good. The 
 horse is a beautiful animal. The ass is a useful animal. The 
 wall is black and rugged. The boundary is a lofty wall. A 
 garden is useful, if the wall is high. ^ One's own threshold 
 is always agreeable. Life is a short Eight, death, the end. A 
 
ITEST LATIN COITBSE, 21 
 
 /evere judge Is often an honest man. Nobility is sometimes 
 useful, but not always. 
 
 In this and succeeding exercises is and other words printed in italics 
 are to be omitted in the Latin sentence. 
 
 46. 
 
 f who, which, that. 
 Qui, quae, quod < he who, she who, that which, 
 I what, as. 
 
 Judex qui severus est, non semper est durus. Mater 
 quse inter dum severa est, mater est bona. Animal quod 
 magnum est, forte non semper est. Qui est otiosus, piger 
 est. Quse ssepe est segra, misera est. Quod est bonum, 
 plerumque utile est. Homo qui non est pro bus, non est 
 honestus. Vita quae non est honesta, plerumque est 
 misera. Amicus meus, qui est mercator, vir facilis est et 
 gratus. Homo qui est eallidus, plerumque turpis est et 
 improbus. Si filius est industrius, pater plerumque est 
 contentus. Qui liber est bonus utilis est. 
 
 Rem. — The relative is sometimes elegantly placed before its ante- 
 cedent, as aui judex severus est, instead of judex qui severus est. 
 
 47. 
 
 Tyrannus (m) 9 a tyrant. 
 
 Baculus (m.), 1 
 Baculum (n.), >a stick, 
 Bacillus (m.), J 
 Annulus (m.), a ring. 
 Natura (/.), nature, 
 Spes (/.), hope. 
 
 Tyrannis (/.), tyranny. 
 Metallum (n.), a metal. 
 Aurum (ra.), geld, 
 Argentum (n.), silver, 
 Ferrum («.), iron. 
 
 Rem. — Baculus and baculum are different orthographies of the same 
 •word, and belong to a class of nouns termed redundants, (See Ap- 
 pendix.) Bacillus is a diminutive of baculus, and properly signifies a 
 little stick, or cane. 
 
 Your ring is pretty. Hope is a pleasing thing. A cane is 
 sometimes useful. Gold is a precious metal. Iron is a use- 
 ful, but not a precious metal. A servant who is dutiful is a 
 good servant. A queen who is haughty is not a good queen. 
 An enterprise that is useful is a good enterprise. He who is 
 cruel is not humane. She who is harsh is not kind. "What 
 is good is not pernicious. All nature is calm and bright. A 
 tyrant is sometimes unjust, but not always. A stick that is 
 long is not short. Every metal that is white is not silver. 
 
 c 2 
 
28 Ailtf's METHOD. 
 
 48, 
 
 ^m(conf), } als0 > andsoi9 > likewise > t0 <>, even. 
 
 etiamsi (conj.), even if, though, although. 
 
 Quamquam {conj.), though, although, however, how. 
 
 Tamen (conj.), yet, at least, nevertheless, however. 
 
 Quam (conj. and adv.), than, as, how. [sibte, 
 
 Quam maxime (adv.), very much, very greatly, as (much) as pos- 
 
 Equus piger est et tu quoque. Quam durus est dominus . 
 Rex seger est et regina quoque. Discipulus quam maxi- 
 me est industries. Yinum bonum est, etiamsi asperum. 
 Princeps fortis est et generosus quoque. Saepius frater 
 meus, quam sanus, seger est. Homo, qui est probus, est 
 etiam honestus. Quamquam frater brevis est, tamen soror 
 est longa. Si homo est miser, temperies etiam est misera. 
 Quamquam films est otiosus, filia tamen est negotiosa. 
 Puer crudelis est, puella crudelis est, et animal quoque est 
 crudele. Prater meus est celsus, et soror mea quoque est 
 celsa. Si dominus est facilis, servus etiam facilis est. 
 
 Rem. — The English locution and so, with a form of the verb to he 
 is rendered in Latin by etiam or quoque, without the verb, as et tu 
 quoque Acerra (and so are you Acerra). Generally also and other 
 particles, having the same power, may be rendered by etiam or quoque 
 indifferently ; but et is very seldom found immediately preceding, or in 
 close proximity to etiam, so when and and also occur in the same sen- 
 tence, it will be safer to use quoque. 
 
 49. 
 
 Certus, a, um, certain, sure^ fixed, trustworthy. 
 Incertus, a, um, uncertain, doubtful, inconstant. 
 M6lestus, a, um, annoying, troublesome, unpleasant. 
 "Vgnustus, a, um, graceful, amiable, fine, handsome. 
 Invidus, a, am, envious, malicious, invidious. 
 Invidiosus, a, um, envious, hateful, odious 
 
 Kem. — Adjectives ending in osus imply full of, or in excess of the 
 thing named, as invidus, envious, invidiosus, full of envy; these ad- 
 jectives, however, have sometimes other acquired meanings peculiar to 
 themselves; thus invidiosus signifies hated and envied, as well as envi- 
 ous, or full of envy : so formidolosus, formidable 7 signifies both terrible 
 and terrified. 
 
 Every transaction is not annoying. A cruel prince is 
 always bated. An envious mind is a base mind. Death is 
 
FIRST LATIN COTTRSE. 29 
 
 certain, life uncertain. The slave, though troublesome, is 
 dutiful. The tyrant is always as cruel as possible. The 
 master is harsh and so is the mistress. My friend is graceful, 
 and so is her sister. The table is useful and so is the bench. 
 My brother is little,- and so am I. Your ass is slow, and so 
 are you. The boy is lazy, and the girl too. , A man who is 
 honest is likewise "contented. If the sovereign is courteous, 
 the court is courteous also. Though the father is busy yet 
 the son is at leisure. 
 
 50. 
 
 fe, ea, id, he, she, it, that. 
 
 Is bonus est filius, qui probus est. Ea bona est mater, 
 quae semper grata est. Id judicium est crudele, quod in- 
 iustum est. Id quod 1 nigrum est, non est album. Homo 
 qui probus est, is 2 honestus est homo. Via quao brevis est, 
 ea grata est via. Consilium quod utile est, id bonum est 
 consilium. Puella venusta, id est, 3 puella proba. Dominus 
 noster, id est, Deus. Si ea quse venusta est, etiam est 
 proba, ea puella est bona. Quod negotium est utile, id pro- 
 bum est negotium. Id quamquam magnum, non est bonum. 
 Illud est molestum, sed turpe alterum. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Id quod, that which. The English pronoun that, when a 
 relative, is rendered by qui, quae, quod (see Rem. Ex. 46) ; when a de- 
 monstrative and followed by a noun, that is rendered by ilk, but when 
 no noun follows, as in the example quoted from the text, then that put 
 demonstratively may be rendered either by Me, ilia, illud, or is, ea, id, 
 the latter being somewhat weaker and less emphatic than the former. 
 
 (2) Is honestus est homo, he is a righteous man. In this and 
 similar locutions the demonstrative (is, ea, id) is elegantly used, though 
 redundant in English. 
 
 (3) Id est, that is. This abbreviation (i, e.) will frequently occur 
 throughout these lessons. Another common abbreviation, e. g, (ex- 
 empli gratia, by way of example, or for instance) will be noticed when 
 we come to treat of the prepositions. (See also Remark to Ex. 10), 
 
 51. 
 
 Gnus, a, irm, one, single, 
 unTcus, a, um, only. 
 Solus, a, um, only, alone. 
 Primus, a, um, first, best, 
 Tertius, a, um, third. 
 Duodecimus, a, um. twelfth. 
 
 Perlciilosus, a, um, dangerous, 
 Vitiosus, a, um, vicious. 
 Curvus, a, um, curved, crooked. 
 Cams, a. um, dear, beloved, 
 Scriptus. a, um, written, 
 apertus, a, um, open. 
 
§0 AnVs method. 
 
 Hem. — Only is rendered by unicus in such expressions as, an wily 
 ccn ; under other circumstances, when only is an adjective it is ren* 
 dered by solus. 
 
 Our father, that is, God. Truth is the best philosophy. He 
 is a good father who is severe. She is a handsome girl, who 
 is good. It is a useful enterprise, but dangerous. A boy who 
 is lazy, is a vicious boy. Bread is often dear. Dear bread is 
 not always good. Your little friend is my son. My stick is 
 long and crooked. One town is large, another small. An 
 open mind is an exalted mind. The father is busy, but the 
 son is alone. A man who is always idle is a wretched man. 
 
 52. 
 
 Bene (adv.), well, correctly, worthily. 
 
 Male {adv.), ill, badly, indifferently. 
 
 Longe (adv.), far, far off, by far, much. 
 
 Multo (adv.), mnch, a great deal. 
 
 Omnino (adv.), quite., altogether, wholly. 
 
 Quidem (adv.), indeed, certainly, truly, undoubtedly. 
 
 Ille homo est male sobrius. Nullus homo omnino est 
 contentus. Non omnis liber bene scriptus est. Limes est 
 apertus, et omnino sterilis. Rex longe" ssepius quam re- 
 giaa seger est Puer multo ssepius piger est quam puella. 
 Homo qui semper est otiosus, is quidem homo est miser. Is 
 bonus 1 quidem diseipulus est, qui semper est industrius. 
 Una tyrannis est mitis, altera quidem 2 omnino crudelis. 
 Puer qui piger est, is non quidem nlius est probus. Is 
 probus quidem judex solus est, qui Justus est et severus. 
 Ille homo est nobilis, qui probus quidem et honestus est. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Is bonus quidem diseipulus est, he is certainly a gooa 
 pupil. Most adverbs admit of being placed at the head of a sentence, 
 but quidem must always have one or more words before it. 
 
 (2) Altera quidem omnino crudelis. another altogether cruel. Qui- 
 dem in this sentence is an intensitive particle, and is often used, as in 
 the text, merely to emphasise the other words. 
 
 53. 
 
 Terra (/•), \ theearth 7 an d ^bruarius (m.), February. 
 
 Tellus ( /.), } the em th > land ' December (m.), December. 
 
 Sblum (?i.), the soil, ground. 
 Exercitatio (/.), exercise, practice. 
 Ratio (/.), reason consideration. 
 Ctiquus (m.)y a cook. 
 
 Incuria (/.), carelessness. 
 Negligentia (/.), negligence. 
 Diligentia (/.), diligence. 
 avaritia (/.), avarice. 
 
#xftST LATIN C0U11SE. SI 
 
 Bem. — Terra means the globe we inhabit, and consequently stands 
 for the earth, world, universe ; the same word, however, means also a 
 section of the earth, and in this usage answers to country, province, 
 land, territory. Tellus is properly the goddess of the earth, and is 
 used metaphorically to signify the earth itself, and also land in contra- 
 distinction to sea. Solum is the surface of anything, and stands for 
 sole, floor, as well as ground and soil. 
 
 The earth is our great parent. This land is open and quite 
 barren. The land is generally pleasing, the sea disagreeable 
 and inconstant. The soil is tractable and fertile. Every boy 
 is not vicious. No book is wholly useless. Exercise is a 
 wholesome medicine. Negligence is a troublesome companion. 
 Truly avarice is a disgraceful vice. Certainly diligence is a 
 useful virtue. Undoubtedly hunger is a good cook. Care- 
 lessness is often dangerous. [Reason is not always a just 
 counsellor. February is a short, December a cold month. A 
 man who is idle is likewise wretched. Wine that is tart is 
 not always pernicious. A harsh master is indeed a bad 
 master. 
 
 54. 
 
 Tam (adv.), so, as much. 
 Hie (adv.), here. 
 lbi (adv.), there. 
 ubi (adv.), where. 
 Melius (adv.), better. 
 aliter (adv.), otherwise. 
 
 Valde (adv.). ? 
 Adm6dum(LW)j ^h.very. 
 Nondum (adv.), not yet. 
 UtpOte (adv.), inasmuch, as. 
 Kimis (adv.). ) . ■, 
 
 Nlmium (adv.), \ t00 ' to ° much - 
 
 Rem. — The adverbs valde and admodum, are nearly alike in power, 
 but the latter, though weaker, is perhaps the more elegant of the two, 
 
 Palatium est admodum excelsum. Servus meus est valde 
 ssger. Filia mea est valde bene. Otium turpe est vitiuni 
 et valde noxium, Tam miles est homo quam tu. Disci- 
 pulus meus longe piger est nimium. Pecunia nimis multa 
 saepe est periculosa. Ubi est prseceptor meus ? Ibi, ubi 
 ille murus est, ager est meus. Hie, ubi bacillus tuus est, 
 annulus est meus. Unus liber multo melius est scriptus 
 quam alter. Nullus liber omnino est inutilis. Nullus 
 locus est tam pulcher quam saltus. Erater meus nondum 
 vir est valde doctus. Prseceptum si justum est utile, si 
 aliter inutile. Consors meus dominus est probus, utpote 
 vir est honestus. Soror tua valde est contenta sed frater 
 tuus omnino est miser. 
 
32 ahn's method. 
 
 55. 
 
 Profundus, a, urn, deep, high, prof ound, insatiable. 
 
 £cutus, a, urn, sharp, keen, acute, clever.. 
 
 Clarus, a, urn, brilliant, illustrious, noble, admired, 
 
 BSnignus, a, urn, beneficent, gracious, bountiful. 
 
 Lacedcemonius, a, urn, Lacedemonian, Spartan. 
 
 niiquus, a, um, uneven, disadvantageous, iniquitous, heartless, relentless 
 
 Rem. — High and deep are rendered by alius, but unless depth in re« 
 lation to perpendicular height is implied, deep is more commonly ren- 
 dered by profundus. 
 
 The sea is deep. The sky is high. My son is very ill. 
 Every joy is too short. A great war is often an unjust war. 
 Insatiable avarice is a disgraceful thing. No one is so indus- 
 trious as my pupil. This book is not too difficult. An animal 
 that is cruel, is a noxious animal. Praise is always agreeable, 
 but not always useful. Our queen is a good and gracious 
 woman. Napoleon the Third is a great and illustrious sove- 
 reign. Nothing is so renowned as Spartan courage. If the 
 merchant is not crafty, his mind at least is acute. A boy so 
 lazy as you are, is not a dutiful son. 
 
 56. 
 
 Est, he is, she is, it is, there is. 
 
 Est unus Deus. Est hie dominus ? Si homo est contentus, 
 non est miser. Quamquam puella est pigra, tamen est 
 proba. Si vinum est asperum, plerumque est sanum. TIbi 
 aurum est, ibi saepe est vitium. Argentum est album et 
 pulchrum, ferrum durum et utile. Si judex est durus, non 
 judex est Justus. Quamquam mercator est acutus, tamen 
 est probus. Si imperator est injustus ; non est princeps 
 benignus. Quamquam Napoleon est severus, non est im- 
 perator durus. Bellum res turpis est, si non est justum. 
 Quamquam solum est sterile, tamen est pretiosum. Puella 
 saepius est otiosa, quam puer, sed ea non est tarn mala quam 
 ille. 
 
 Eem. — When est or any other verb occurs in a sentence, the personal 
 pronouns, /, you, he, she, it, there, $c. are usually understood in Latin. 
 when however they are emphatic, or when there is a distinction im- 
 plied, as in he is taller than she is, then the pronouns must be 
 expressed. 
 
FIRST LATIN COTJESE. 
 
 33 
 
 57. 
 
 Exul (e.g.), I ane3siU 
 Exsul (c. g.), | 
 
 Exilium (w.), ejre'fe, banishment. 
 Taberna (/.), a hut 9 inn, shop. 
 Veuia (/.), pardon, forgiveness, 
 JEgntudo (/.), care, sorrow. 
 
 Fortuna (f), fate, fortune. 
 electrum («.), amber. 
 Causa (/.), a cause. 
 Globus (m.), a globe. 
 Positio (/.), site, position, 
 Hyacinthus (m.) y a hyacinth. 
 
 REM.—Ejml and exsul are the same word, some writers insert and 
 others omit the s. In like manner annulus is sometimes written with 
 one n only. 
 
 Is there an inn here ? Exile is a hard fate. An exile is 
 generally wretched. Amber is a beautiful substance. The 
 hyacinth is a very pretty flowes. Sorrow is sometimes use- 
 ful. Forgiveness is a generous act. A reward is useless 
 if not just. One's own house, even if a hut, is always pleas- 
 ing. The reason is good if the cause is good. Though the 
 master is severe, yet he is a good master. The girl is hand- 
 some, if she is dutiful. Land is valuable if it is fertile. Our 
 great parent, the earth, is a globe. A town is generally healthy, 
 if the site is wholesome. A song is generally pleasing, if 
 it is short. Though the bread is black, it is nevertheless 
 good. 
 
 58, 
 
 Sat (adv.). ") , 
 
 Satis («/£), J" "**- 
 Fortasse (adv.), perhaps. 
 Dum (adv.), whilst, until. 
 Bts (adv.), twice. 
 T6r (adv.), thrice. 
 
 Unquam (adv.), ever. 
 Nunquam (adv.) s never. 
 Usquam (adv.), anywhere. 
 Nusquam (adv.), nowhere. 
 ubique (adv.), everywhere. 
 iibicunque (adv.), wherever. 
 
 Rem, — Sat is a contraction of satis, and is mostly used in aphorism 
 andcohoquial locutions. 
 
 Una plerumque segritudo sat est. Aqua satis est bona 
 si pura est. Dum anima est, spes est. Hsec pecunia bis 
 nimis est multa. Quod non est usquam, nusquam est. Si 
 imperium est crudele, populus nunquam est contentus 
 Deus est ubique, sed homo non est ubique. Quamquam. 
 vinum est asperum fortasse est bonum. Non est homo 
 usquam, qui est omnino vitiosus. Bonum consilium est 
 pretiosum quamquam ingratum. Liber melius scriptua 
 quam tuus nusquam est. Nullum gaudium unquam est 
 
AHN S METHOD. 
 
 nimis longum. Bonus judex interdum severus est, durus 
 nunquam. Ubicunque est aurum, ibi plerumque est vitium, 
 Ter nobilis est ille homo qui Justus, probus. et honestus est. 
 
 59. 
 
 Mutabilis, e, changeable, mutabk. 
 Immutabilis, e, unchangeable, 
 Fidelis, e, faithful. 
 Tristes, e, sad. 
 Imbellis, e, unwarlike. 
 MisSrabllis, e, pitiable. 
 Communis, e, common. 
 
 Salutaris, e, salutary, beneficial. 
 Admirabllis, e, admirable, wonder- 
 ful 
 Lenis, e, mild, lenient. 
 Liberalis, e, liberal, enlightened, 
 Illibferalis, e, mean, sordid. 
 Comis, e, affable, obliging. 
 
 The dog is a faithful animal. Every animal is not faithful. 
 Nothing is so wonderful as instinct. A man who is any- 
 where is nowhere. JSTo vice is so pitiable as avarice. A 
 servant that is faithful, is a dutiful servant. The girl is hand- 
 some enough, if she is good enough. The sea is sometimes 
 agreeable, but oftener by far disagreeable. Man is change- 
 able, God alone is unchangeable. Sorrow is sometimes in- 
 jurious, sometimes beneficial. Our queen is a kind and 
 lenient woman. Every man is not hard and sordid. Your 
 brother is an obliging and an agreeable companion. Napoleon 
 the Third is an illustrious and enlightened sovereign. Al- 
 though my friend is an unwarlike man, yet he is a very good 
 citizen. 
 
 60. 
 
 alius, alia, aliud, other, another, else. 
 
 uter, utra, utruin, which, which of the two, 
 
 acerbus, a, um, unripe, bitter, disobliging, stern, 
 
 Fc-rmiddlosus, a, um, timid, terrible. 
 
 iracundus, a, um, given to anger, irascible, hasty, testy. 
 
 M6deratus, a, um, moderate, frugal, well- disciplined. 
 
 Uter est meus ? Alius est, ille meus non est. Unus homo 
 est comis, alter acerbus. Mare ssepe est formidolosum. Soror 
 tua est valde formidolosa. Medicina acerba interdum est 
 salutaris. Fortuna tristis et miserabilis est exilium. Senex 
 saepe est difficilis et iracundus. Si homo illiberalis est et 
 invidus, plerumque est miser. Prasceptor meus vir probus 
 est et doctus. Quamquam nostra regina est valde clara, 
 etiam est valde benigna. Si do minus est iniquus, servus 
 plerumque est imnrobu**-. .Hie annulus alter est, non est 
 
FIBSI LATIN COURSE. 
 
 35 
 
 mens. Haec avis est alia, non est mea. Hoc vinum est aspe- 
 rum, aliud lene. TJnus homo est liberalis, alter illiberalis. 
 Mors altera est vita. 
 
 Rem. — Other and another may generally be rendered by alius or 
 alter, but not always. When an English word has in this way two or 
 more Latin equivalents, the learner will have to be guided in choosing 
 Dne of them, by the examples of their use given in the text. 
 
 61. 
 
 Sbcius (m.), i 
 
 Sddalis (e. g.),> a companion. 
 
 Comes (c. g.), ) 
 
 Poeta (m.), a poet. 
 
 Dictator (m.), a dictator. 
 
 Janitor (m.), a door-keeper. 
 
 Scrip turn (n.), a writing, work. 
 
 Contentio (/.), a straining, dispute. 
 BrSvitas (/.), shortness, brevity. 
 Auctorltas (/.)» authority, influx 
 
 ence. 
 Pudor (m.), modesty. 
 JEdincium (n.) f an edifice, build* 
 
 ing. 
 
 Hem. — Socius like consors, signified a sharer in the same fortune, 
 p ind besides companion, stands for intimate, adherent, ally, confederate, 
 companion-in-arms, and accomplice. Sodalis signifies a companion in 
 \ convivial sense, and answers to comrade, school- fellow, and also such 
 familiar terms, as chum, crony. Comes properly means a fellow-tra- 
 veller, but is equivalent to confidant, accessary, attendant, follower, 
 ind likewise means a count or earl. 
 
 Your brother is my schoolfellow. My attendant is your 
 Triend. The emperor is our faithful ally. Your doorkeeper 
 s certainly very obliging. Brevity is generally pleasing. 
 This is another stick, it is not mine. The edifice is beautiful 
 ind very stately, Wine is sometimes strong, sometimes 
 nild. A well-disciplined man is always affable. A work 
 hat is costly is not always useful. The hyacinth is a very 
 graceful flower. If the poet is envious, his song is bitter. A 
 |! dictator is sometimes cruel, but not always. Nothing is so 
 I lisgraceful as a foolish dispute. Too much influence is often 
 i dangerous thing. Timid modesty is amiable and pleasing, 
 )ut not always useful. 
 
 62. 
 
 ?atiens (adj.), enduring, patient. 
 ?rudens (adj.), prudent, wise. 
 Siemens (adj.), clement, merciful. 
 Sontinens (adj.), abstemious, self- 
 denying. 
 DiHgens (adj.), diligent. 
 Segligens (adj ,),negligent,careless. 
 
 Tempgrans (adj.), temperate. 
 
 Intemperaus (adj.), intemperate. 
 
 Vecors (adj.), silly, frantic. 
 
 Senex (adj.), old. 
 
 Velox (adj.), swift. 
 
 Fugax (adj.), fleeting, 
 
 Pugnax (adj,), fond of fighting 
 
3b AHN S METHOD. 
 
 Hem. — Some adjectives have only one termination for all three gen« 
 ders, as masculine diligens, feminine diligens, neuter diligens. The 
 learner will understand that when an adjective is given without a femi- 
 nine or neuter termination, it belongs to this class. (See also Ap- 
 pendix.) 
 
 Servus patiens, serva patiens, animal patiens. Res est 
 vita fugax. Cervus animal est velox et venustum. Disci- 
 pulus diligens filius est probus. Metallum pulchrum, durum, 
 et pretiosum est aurum. I rater tuus est sodalis et.carus 
 amicus meus. Ille juvenis diligens est, alius negligens. 
 Comes meus homo est intemperans, tuus vir temperans. 
 Domina mea anus est et admodum iracunda. Dictator, si 
 vir moderatus, interdum est utilis. Is puer est probus, qui 
 semper diligens est et industrius. Quae puella est vecors 
 et ingrata, ea non est puella venusta. Qui princeps est I 
 clemens, patiens et continens, is socius est pretiosus. Si 
 homo liberalis etiam est prudens, is bonus est civis. Quam- 
 quam janitor noster ssepe est seger, tamen semper est con- 
 ten tus. 
 
 Pax (/.), peace. 
 Lex (/.), a law. 
 Lux (/.), light* 
 Nix (/.), snow. 
 Kox (/.), night. 
 Nux (/.), a nut. 
 
 Vox (/.), a voice 
 
 Regio (/.), a country, region. 
 
 Mendacium (n.), a falsehood. 
 
 Ebriositas (/.), inebriety. 
 
 Color (m.), a colour. 
 
 Fur (c. g.) f a vagabond, a thief 
 
 Rem. — In Plautus and the older writers the word fur signifies sim 
 ply a slave y but in Cicero and the latter authors, the word becomes! 
 synonymous with vagabond. A similar interchange of verbal meaning' 
 is observed in English ; thus, the word knave (derived from the Saxon 
 knabe, a boy) is used by Shakespear to designate a servant, though 
 now only used in the sense of a rogue. 
 
 The bo j is prudent, the girl is prudent, and the animal ia 
 prudent. All praise is not just. Falsehood is indeed your 
 delight. The human voice is very soft. No gift is so pre- 
 cious as light. A cold region is generally healthy. The night 
 is very calm and clear. This nut is bitter, but the other is 
 sweet. Inebriety is certainly a disgraceful vice. This colour 
 is pleasing, the other disagreeable. Nothing is so pure and 
 lovely as white snow. If the site is wholesome, the building 
 is generally healthy. One witness is an honest man, thej^ 
 
 ii 
 
 Bg] 
 
FIRST LAT1K COUESE. 37 
 
 other undoubtedly a thief. He is an upright citizen who is 
 abstemious, temperate, and prudent. Our old door-keeper is 
 an intemperate man, but he is a faithful servant. 
 
 64. 
 
 Signutn (n.), a sign, insignia, representation, figure, statue. 
 Simulacrum (n.), a resemblance, spectre, image, picture, statue. 
 Beneficium (n.), an advantage, kindness, blessing. 
 Felicitas (/.), happiness, prosperity, success. 
 Supplicium (772.), supplication, punishment, public- execution, 
 Scelus (».), a wicked thing, a faulty wickedness, villany, guilt; also (m.) t 
 a wicked person, a villain. 
 
 Res fugax est felicitas. !N"on semper utile supplicium esf. 
 Signurn illud est nobile et admodum excelsum. Simula- 
 crum hoc pulchrum est, aliud venustum. Domus tua 
 sedificium est magnum et splendidum. Scelus nullum est tarn 
 turpe quam mendacium. Si puer seger est, plerumque est 
 miser. Quamquam soror tua est parva tamen est venusta. 
 Servus meus est diligens, sed serva negligens nimium. 
 Testis improbus homo est miserabilis. Lux beneficium est 
 magnum et admirabiie, Si scelus magnum est supplicium 
 etiam est magnum. Is discipulus vecors est, qui semper 
 piger est et otiosus. Rex vester homo est imemperans, sed 
 regina vestra domina est prudens. Nullus homo, qui non 
 est moderatus, unquam omnino est contentus. Si aqua est 
 pura, sana est, si aliter noxia. 
 
 Rem. — The auxiliary is seldom expressed in the third clause of a 
 sentence. (See Hem. Ex. 44.) 
 
 65. 
 
 Dives (adj.), rich, abounding. 
 Locuples {adj.), rich, copious. 
 6pulens (adj.), opulent, wealthy. 
 Pauper (adj.), poor. 
 Blpes (adj.), biped, two-footed. 
 Mendax (adj.), false, deceitful. 
 
 Stagnans (adj.), stagnant. 
 Atrox (adj.), atrocious. 
 Ferox (adj. ), ferocious. 
 Arrogans (adj.), arrogant, 
 Deses (adj.), slothful. 
 Audens (adj.), daring. 
 
 Rem. — Itich, when abundance of money or possessions is implied, 
 may generally be rendered by dives ; but, when full or luscious is 
 signified, locuples is better ; sometimes in this last sense generosus is 
 used, as vinuin generosum, rich wine, 
 
 D 
 
G8 ahn's method. 
 
 A rich man is often wretched. A poor man is often con- 
 tented. This is a large and opulent city. Your door-keeper 
 is very old. Life is short and fleeting. Man is a two-footed 
 animal. A slothful life is a shameful life. A judge is atro- 
 cious, if he is cruel. A book if copious is generally easy. 
 Stagnant water is very pernicious. A cruel mind is a ferocious 
 mind. A well-disciplined man is never arrogant or ferocious. 
 If a bench is long it is very useful, but if otherwise, not so useful. 
 An author is copious enough, if the book is otherwise good. 
 A man who is brave and daring is the best soldier. A boy 
 who is slothful and deceitful is an undutiful son. 
 
 66. 
 
 Magis (adv.), more. 
 Maxime (adv.), most. 
 Minus (adv.), less. 
 Minime (adv.), least, 
 Primum (adv.) * first, at first: 
 Parum (adv.), but little. 
 Sic (adv.), so, thus. 
 Luxuriose (adv.), luxuriously. 
 
 adv.), ") 
 lv.), \only. 
 
 Tan turn (adv.)) 
 
 Solum (adv.] 
 
 Modo (adv.] 
 
 Adhuc (adv.), hitherto, still. 
 
 Fere (adv.), almost, always. 
 
 Deinde (adv.), then, andthen,from 
 
 thence, next. 
 Tandem (adv.), at length, at last. 
 
 Rem. — Minime besides being equivalent to least, stands for at least 
 not the less, not at all, by no means, in no wise* 
 
 Bellum adhuc incertum est. Longe mors nunquam est. 
 Ager sterilis parum est utilis. Vinum primum asperum 
 est, deinde molle. Puer saepe deses est, puella minimi 
 saepe. Miles est fortis, vel minime audens. Mercator est 
 dives, sed frater pauper ejus. Ter honestus est ille homo, 
 qui probus, certus, et fidelis est. Ubicunque aqua est pura 
 regio fere sana, est. Quamquam janitor noster est pauper, 
 non minus est eontentus. Maritus est negotiosus, uxor est 
 magis negotiosa, sed films maxime est negotiosus. Servus 
 est industrius, serva est minus industria, sed coquus mi- 
 nime est industrius. Tyrannus non modo est crudelis, sed 
 etiam ferox. Aqua non solum est pura, sed etiam sana. 
 Est hie tantiim unus liber. 
 
 Rem. — Only, used in the sense of nothing but, is rendered by tantum, 
 under other circumstances, when an adverbs by modo or solum. 
 
WEST LATIN COUESE, 
 
 89 
 
 67. 
 
 Victus, a, uni, vanquished, con- 
 quered. 
 
 Obscurus, a, urn, obscure, dark, 
 dense. 
 
 Fructuosus, a, urn, fruitful, pro- 
 ductive. 
 
 Amplus, a, urn, spacious, stately. 
 
 NScessarius, a, um, necessary. 
 Verus, a, urn, true, real. 
 Botundus, a, um, round. 
 Afflictus, a, um, afflicted. 
 Flavus, a, um, yellow. 
 Perfectus, a, um, perfect. 
 Stultus, a, um, foolish, stupid. 
 
 Gold is a bright and yellow metal. No man is quite per- 
 fect. A conquered king is generally prudent. Diligence is 
 always pro due ti ye. An old man is oftener afflicted than a 
 youth. Wine is more necessary than water. An obscure 
 author is sometimes useful. Your brother is always affable 
 and polite. The palace is a beautiful and very stately edifice. 
 The earth is a globe, but it is not quite round. An upright 
 man is generally a true and faithful friend. My pupil is 
 much more industrious than yours. A boy who is always 
 idle, is a foolish boy. The site is not only beautiful but 
 healthy also. My daughter is by no means handsome, but 
 she is prudent and diligent. The merchant is not only rich, 
 but generous and liberal also. Here is the stupid old woman 
 at last ! 
 
 68. 
 
 Dulcis, e, sweet, charming, delicious, pleasing. 
 
 Suavis, e, sweet, luscious, delightful, courteous. 
 
 Gravis, e, heavy, important, severe, grave. 
 
 Singiilaris, e, single, singular, strange, extraordinary, eccentric. 
 
 PSrennis, e, lasting, durable, continual. 
 
 Vestalis, e, of or belonging to Vesta, vestal. 
 
 Splendida et gravis ilia est causa. Nihil est tarn perenne 
 quam aurum. Magisler semper suavis est noster eturbanus. 
 Latebra maxim& singularis locus est mea. Illud simulacrum 
 vestale pulchruni est et admodum exeelsum. Comes meus 
 amicus est probus, fidelis et verus. Sodalis homo mendax, 
 turpis et stultus est tuus. Eotundus flavum annulus meus 
 aurum est. Heec nox est frigida, sed minimi obscura. 
 Nemo est perfectus ; Deus solus est omnino perfectus. Do- 
 mus satis est ampla, sed hortus nimis est parvus. Legatus 
 Tester non solum vir est callidus, sed etiam valde acutus. 
 
40 ahn's method. 
 
 Res acerba est conlentio gravis. Dominus homo est seve- 
 rus ct arrogans. Hoc vinum dulce, molle est et generosurn, 
 Sauvis non est ornnis nos. 
 
 Rem. — Sweet may be rendered by dulcis when any of the senses is 
 implied, but by suavis with the sense of taste or smell only. Severe 
 is mostly rendered by scverus in speaking of persons, and by gravis in 
 speaking of things, as vir severus, a severe man, vulnus grave, a severt 
 wound; but severus is also sometimes used with inanimate nouns, as 
 pcena severa, a severe punishment, 
 
 69. 
 
 Culpa (/.), a fault, blame. 
 Crimen (n.), a crime, a fault. 
 Clamor (/».), an outcry, a shout. 
 Frons (m. or/.), the brow,fore- 
 
 head. 
 Rectum (n), integrity, right, 
 Mons (m,), a mountain. 
 
 Calumnia (/.), a calumny, 
 Paupertas ( /.), poverty. 
 S£ Veritas (/.), severity. 
 LenTtas (/.), lenity. 
 Historia ( /.), history. 
 Line a (/.), a line. 
 Exceptio (/.), an exception. 
 
 Rem. — When the noun fault means something done wrong without 
 forethought it is rendered by culpa, or vitium, and when premedita- 
 tion is implied, by scrtus or crimen. 
 
 If the fault is serious, the punishment is severe. The 
 punishment is severe, therefore the fault is serious. Integrity 
 is true nobility. Every line is not straight. Calumny is an 
 odious vice, if not a crime. History, if true, is a faithful moni- 
 tor. If the forehead is high the mind is spacious. This water 
 is by no means hot. Nothing is so silly as a foolish shout. 
 Severity js generally more beneficial than lenity. One 
 boundary is a forest, another a mountain. My pupil is a most 
 industrious young man. A prudent man is never haughty 
 or arrogant. Your friend is a very polite, but a very singular 
 man. The boy is lazy, or at least indolent. Your king is a 
 brave soldier, but he is by no means prudent. Although 
 poverty is very unpleasant, yet it is often salutary. 
 
 70. 
 
 est, there is some ; \ est ? is there any. 
 
 Rem. — The particles some and any when used in expressing an in- 
 definite quantity are usually understood in Latin. 
 
 Ibi est pecunia. Hie est vinum ? Ubi est ? Non est 
 hoc satis. Mons est altus sed non difficilis. Flos splendidua 
 et pulcher hyacinthus. Dcus est Justus, benignus et pater 
 
FIRST LATltf COURSE. 41 
 
 bonus. Homo ilie tarn singularis comes est meus. Rex 
 Tester homo est mendax et arrogans. Regina nostra 
 domina est clara et arnica generosa. Juvenis negotiosus 
 plerumque sanus est et gratus. Qui animus est segrotus, is 
 non sanus est animus. Ilia mensa est rotunda, illud scam- 
 num longum. Senex mercator est locuples, et amicus 
 cams meus. Omnis laus est noxia, quee justa non est. 
 Discipulus meus seepe tristis est vel minime gravis. 
 Filius tuus sat est venustus, si probus est. Quamquam hoc 
 vinum est asperum, tamen admodum est generosum. 
 
 71. 
 
 Assfduus, a, um, assiduous. 
 Seduius, a, um, sedulous. 
 Libldinosus, a, um, licentious. 
 Immensus, a. um, vast. 
 Pius, a, um, godly, pious, devout. 
 Bellicosus, a, um, warlike. 
 
 Kuber, bra, brum, red. 
 Ranis, a, um, rare, thin. 
 Bobustus, a, um, robust. 
 Iuflrmus, a, um, infirm. 
 D\ vinus, a, um, divine. 
 iSternus, a, um, eternal. 
 
 Here is some water. Is there any bread here ? Is it good ? 
 Human reason is a divine gift. The world is vast and won- 
 derful. A young man is robust, an old man generally infirm. 
 The ostrich is not a very rare bird. This line is red, the 
 other black. A pious man is also a righteous man. An as- 
 siduous boy is generally a good scholar. A warlike man is 
 not always a good citizen. God is eternal and unchangeable, 
 man mortal and changeable. Rich wine is not so whole- 
 some as pure water. That yellow substance which is so 
 bright, is amber. A licentious people is generally a slothful 
 and wretched people. The old woman is sedulous and dili- 
 gent, the old man lazy and indolent. • 
 
 72. 
 
 Yghfcmens {adj.), fierce, high, passionate, vehement. 
 
 Sapiens (adj.), wise, intelligent, sensible. 
 
 Prsestans (adj.), surpassing, eminent, pre-eminent, prominent, brave, 
 
 galiant. 
 Audax (adj.), audacious, bold, daring. 
 edax (adj.), devouring, insatiable, gluttonous. 
 Anceps (adj.), two-edged, double-faced, doubtful. 
 
 Victoria regina 1 domina preestans est et clara. Napoleon 
 imperator socfusest certus etprinceps audax. Urbs Roma 2 non 
 est valde magna, sed admodum est prsestans. Nulla urbs tan? 
 
 D 3 
 
42 aWs method. 
 
 est nobilis quam urbs Roma. 3 Pecunia sola non est felicitas. 
 Culpa est mea, crimen tuum. Struthiocamelus avis est 
 edax. lies incerta et anceps bellum est. Yentus est 
 vehemens et frigidus. Qui homo csL intemperans, plerum- 
 que est seger. Instinctus crudelis vehemens et ferox in- 
 stinctus est. Quam vehemens et iracunda est ilia mulier! 
 Rex sapiens semper Justus est et clemens. Miles bonus est, 
 si fortis, prudens et audax. Dea vestra est pecunia, deus 
 vester aurum. Medicina ssepe est salutaris, sed nimis multa 
 valde noxia. Quamquam hoc signum non est magnum, 
 tamen venustum et admodum est excelsum. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Victoria regina, Queen Victoria. When two nouns 
 signifying the same thing or person follow each, other in this way they 
 are said to be in apposition. 
 
 (2) Urbs Eoma, the city of Rome. After the words town, city, 
 island, fountain, the particle of is dropped in Latin, before the name 
 of a place, and both nouns are put in apposition, as urbs Londinum, the 
 city of London; Sici lia insula, the island of Sicily; fons Arethusa, 
 the fountain of Arethusa. 
 
 (3) Designations and titles generally stand second in Latin, as, 
 Darius rex, king Darius ; Vespasianus imperator, the Emperor Vespa~ 
 sion ; Britannia insula, the island of Britain ; but urbs AthenaB, the 
 city of Athens, or, better, urbs Atheniensis. 
 
 73. 
 
 plior(m.anJ/.),K 
 Douilis, e, docile. 
 
 Jndocilis, e, unteachable. 
 I m plum is, e, feat her less. 
 YenSrabllis, e, worshipful. 
 
 Subllmis, e, sublime, high. 
 Humilis, e, low, humble. 
 Levis, e, light, trivial. 
 Frag! lis, e, fragile, frail. 
 Talis, e, such, like. 
 Qualis, e, what, what sort of. 
 
 Rem. — Melior is an adjective of two terminations, that is, it has 
 melior for the masculine, melior for the feminine, and melius for the 
 neuter. Melius is an adverb as well as the neuter of melior. (See 
 Ex. 54.) 
 
 Peace is always better than war. The boy is little better 
 than the girl. A good example is better than a pious pre- 
 cept. Such a man is certainly n<tt human. Every mind is 
 not docile. My home is a humble hut. This book is mine, 
 that yours. Too much water is not wholesome. A contented 
 man is very rare. What sort of "\ man is your master? 
 Human life is frail and fleeting. Eve*/ mind is not exalted 
 and sublime. Man is a two-footed, featherless animal. Grief 
 
#IEST LATIN C0TJBSE. 43 
 
 is sometimes light, sometimes severe. The judge is an up- 
 right and venerable man. A wild beast is generally unteach- 
 able, but not always. A cruel man is generally a harsh 
 master. Mildness is generally agreeable but not always. The 
 horse is not only a graceful, but a useful animal. 
 
 74. 
 
 ut (conj.), as, how, that. 
 
 Yel (conj.), even, especially. 
 
 igitur (conj.), therefore, then* 
 
 Quoniam (conj.), since, that, for* 
 asmuch as. 
 
 Nisi (conj.), except, without, un- 
 less, besides, but. 
 
 V6 (conj. and enclitic), or. 
 H6C (conj.), I neUh 
 ii ISeque (conj.), \ ' 
 
 Nam( C0 «/.),l 
 
 enim (conj), J J 
 
 imo (conj.), yes, yea. 
 Quia (conj.), because. 
 
 Rem. — Some words are termed enclitics, because they are always 
 attached to some other word of the sentence, and never stand alone. 
 When an enclitic is used in connecting two words, it is generally ap- 
 pended to the second, as bis terve (for bis ve ter), twice or thrice. Ve 
 is used instead of aui or vel in connecting single words, but not entire 
 sentences. 
 
 Nullus locus est tarn pulcher, tamve sublimis ut 1 saltus. 
 Est hie liber tuus ?— Imo. Hlc nihil est nisi 2 otium. Yin urn 
 est dulce, quia est molle. Nulla est alia tellus nisi terra. 
 Ut illud est gratum, sic hoc est molestum. Exercitatio 
 semper est salutaris, interdum vel quidem necessaria, 
 Quamquam vita hum an a non est longa, tarn en satis est 
 longa, si homo est contentus. Animal est ferox, ergo est 
 crudele. Discipulus meus diligens est, igitur 3 est juvenis 
 prudens. Scamnum non est mensa, neque ferrum aurum. 
 JSTon omnis puer est piger, nee omnis puella negligens. 
 Poena neque fames, neque exilium, neque mors est ejus. 
 Ager tuus est pretiosus, nam est fertilis et fructuosus. 
 Omnis res non est utilis, omnis enim 4 res non est bona. 
 
 Rem.— (1) Ut Saltus, as a forest. The conjunction as after so (tarn) 
 may be rendered either by ut or quam. 
 
 (2) Kisi otium, but idleness. But is only rendered by nisi after 
 nihil, as in the text. 
 
 (3) Igitur est juvenis prudens, he is therefore a prudent young man. 
 The conjunctions ergo and igitur have nearly the same power, conse- 
 quently therefore in most constructions may be rendered by either. 
 
 (4) Omnis enim res, for everything. In stating a reason, for may 
 be rendered either by nam or enim, "When used in this way nam is 
 usually placed at the head of the sentence, and enim always after the 
 first or second word. 
 
44 ahn's method. 
 
 75. 
 
 CIvitas (/.), a state, country, or city. 
 
 Respublica (/.), a commonwealth, stale, or republic. 
 
 Yls (/.), violence, strength, force, power. 
 
 Studium (?i.), study, practice , application. 
 
 Amnis (?72. or/.), a stream, the sea, a river. 
 
 Comlinienta'A (n.) 9 a condiment, ingredient, sauce, or spice. 
 
 There is nothing here but violence. This river is not so 
 swift as the other. Every man is not upright, neither is 
 every man dishonest. Your comrade is not very cheerful, nor 
 is he very sad. My daughter is prudent and diligent, there- 
 fore she is a dutiful girl. Your pupil is an industrious youth, 
 for he is always active and assiduous. Hunger is a delicious 
 sauce. This money is twice or three times too much. Sedulous 
 study is always beneficial and productive. Power, if not well 
 disciplined, is a dangerous thing. A state that is licentious is 
 likewise wretched. An opulent commonwealth is generally 
 warlike. The master is severe because the servant is lazy. A 
 judge is not righteous unless just and severe. My mother is 
 often ill, but my father is always healthy. A warlike man is 
 mot always a useless citizen, 
 
 76. 
 
 I c himself, herself, itself, he himself, she herself \ 
 
 jpsc, ipsa, ipsum, ^ fhe pe ^ that ver ^ this same ^ ih(U same ^ 
 
 Rex ipse est monitor meus. Ipsa ubi est regina ? Vinum 
 ipsum non est noxium. Hie puer est ipse. Ilia ipsa 
 domina magistra est nostra. Si homo non est eontentus, 
 ipse est causa. Venia lex divina est. Spes est dulcis, sed 
 etiam mendax. Mulier non minus est dura quam vir ejus. 
 Animal est implume, ergo non est avis. Mercator ant frater 
 ejus est opulens. Consors meus vir pius est et honestus. 
 Eegio hsec fertilis est, alia sterilis. Quod perfectum est, 
 non est mutabile. Animus magnus et celsus semper est 
 humilis. Asinus animal est docile, sed non semper facile. | 
 Si populus est industrius respublica plerumque opulens est. 
 Si imperator est prudens, populus plerumque est eontentus, 
 Quamquam hie liber est facilis, utilis tamen est. 
 
 £ EM , — Like the word tamen in the text, conjunctions and adverbs 
 are elegantly placed at the end of the sentence. 
 
FIBST LATIN COtTESE. 45 
 
 77. 
 
 Vestis (/.), dress, clothes. 
 Tempus (n.), time. 
 Career (m.), a prison. 
 Presidium (rc.), a fortress. 
 Caro (f), flesh, meat. 
 Corpus (m.), ?/ze fcoffy. 
 
 ETostis (c. a.), ? * 
 
 Fiiror (m.), madness , firry. 
 Verbum (n.) f a ivord, or saying. 
 Lapis (w?,), a s/o?ze. 
 Saxum (71.), a rock, or stone. 
 
 Rem. — Hostis generally signifies a public, inimicus a private enemy. 
 
 Where is the king himself? Is this the girl herself? The 
 advice itself is valuable. Money itself is nothing. That 
 very place is a fortress. That very girl is my sister. That is 
 ihe very word. A crafty man is a dangerous foe. Every 
 •enemy is not cruel and atrocious. Flesh is very wholesome 
 food. Every stone is not precious, nor every metal gold. A 
 rugged rock is sometimes graceful. How prudent that young 
 man is ! The reason is obscure, the cause uncertain. A 
 temperate man is generally healthy. Time is swift and 
 fleeting. Passionate fury is a terrible thing. A gay dress is 
 generally fragile. A prison is by no means so harsh a 
 punishment as exile. A sharp saying or maxim is often use- 
 ful. If the body is diseased, the mind is generally not 
 healthy. 
 
 78. 
 
 Quis? quae? quid? or quod? who? which? ivhat? 
 Quls, qua3 or qua, quid or quod, some, any, some one, any one, some" 
 
 thing, any thing. 
 
 Quis hie est ? Quae hsec merces est ? Quod nomen est 
 
 tuus ? Quid est id r Si qua virtus est, his est. Si quis 
 
 est negotiosus, frater est negotiosus. Si quid est sanum, 
 
 aqua est sana. Quae est alia teHus, nisi terra ? Domina est 
 
 veheme'ns, quae ratio est ? Mors est oerta, tempus incertum. 
 
 XJbi est vitium, ibi scelus. Unum verbum plerumque sat est. 
 
 Lapis hie utilis est, alter inutilis. Yox tua magis est 
 
 | grata quam rnea. Hiscipulus meus juvenis est probus, 
 
 i assiduus enim et diligens est. Omnis homo non est tam lo- 
 
 cuples, tamve liberalis quam frater tuus. Homo nimis belli - 
 
 ,: cosus numquam rex est prudens. Quis hie furor est ? Quae 
 
 ■fortuna tam misera quam exilium? Quod vinum tam gene- 
 
 rosum ut album : Quid tam durum quam poena in justa? 
 
46 
 
 AHN S METHOD. 
 
 Rem. — The interrogative pronoun what f when followed by a noun ia 
 generally rendered by quis ? quce ? or quod ? according to gender. But 
 when no noun follows, or when negotium (thing, affair) is implied, 
 then what ? is rendered by quid? 
 
 79. 
 
 Latro (n,), a highwayman* 
 Dies (m. or/.), a day. 
 Aura (/.), a breeze. 
 Sol (m.), the sun. 
 Luna ( /.), the moon. 
 Thesaurus (?n.),a treasure, 
 Formica (/.), an ant. 
 
 Labor (m.), toil, labour. 
 opus (n.), work, a work, 
 oratio (/.), speech, an oration. 
 Lingua (/.), the tongue, a lan- 
 guage. 
 Sententia (/.), an opinion, 
 Yoluptas (/.), pleasure. 
 
 Eem. — In Plautus and the older writers latro signifies a soldier, but 
 in Cicero and the latter writers the word is mostly in the sense of an 
 armed freebooter, or a robber of the bandit class. (See Bern. Ex. 63). 
 
 Who is that ? What life is long ? What is this ? If any 
 one is lenient, our queen is lenient. If anything is sweet, 
 honey is sweet. What book is this P What is more 
 dangerous than pleasure? What is more precious than 
 gold? Who is more godly than an honest man? What 
 is more pleasing than hope ? What is so swift as time ? A 
 highwayman is often cruel and ferocious. A faithful friend is 
 a real treasure. Pleasure is a crafty foe. One day is short, 
 and another long. Hard labour is by no means agreeable. Your 
 opinion is sometimes just, but not always. Speech is a divine 
 and precious gift. A light breeze is pleasing and whole- 
 some. The sun is a vast and beneficent globe. The moon is 
 not so bright as the sun. Every language is not sweet and 
 copious. The world is not less magnificent than wonderful. 
 
 80. 
 
 Felix (adj.), happy, fortunate, 
 Infelix (adj.), unhappy, unfortu- 
 nate. 
 Beatus, a, um, happy, blessed. 
 Captus, a, um, captured, taken, 
 Vestitus, a, um, clothed, dressed. 
 Scelestus, a, um, wicked, guilty. 
 
 Paratus, a, um, prepared, ready. 
 Paternus, a, um, paternal. 
 Nefarius, a, um, abominable, 
 Facundus, a, um, eloquent, 
 Fecundus, a, um, I ,.„ 
 Fundus, a, um'r™^ 
 Pronus, a, um, addicted. 
 
 Rem. — Beatus means happy as regards mental impulses, felix mostly 
 refers to happiness arising from physical and outward sources, and 
 generally implies individual action, 
 
FIKST LATIN COTJliSE, 47 
 
 Nenio mains est felix. Homo contentus non est infelix. 
 Vn* bonus et prudens semper est felix. Homo honestus 
 plerumque beatus est« Est hsec tua sententia ? Dies est 
 lulcis et serena. Quani pulehra est haec regio ? Lex pa- 
 terna, lex divina est, Societas humana non est perfecta. 
 Voluptas semper est mendax. Non omnis poeta est facun- 
 lus. Dea benigna natura fecunda est. Urbs capta locus 
 plerumque miser est, Prater meus nondum omnino est 
 vestitus. Cibus nondum omnino est paratus. Mulier non 
 est tarn negligens quam vir ejus. Oratio vehemens et atrox 
 aunquam est salutaris. Pater vir est magnus, sed non 
 frlius. Nihil tarn est generosum, tamve benignum quam 
 Tenia. Filia interdum magis venusta est quam mater. 
 Corpus tantum est mortale, anima immortalis est. Nulla 
 res tarn scelesta, tarn atrox, tarn crudelis, aut nefaria est ut 
 salumnia. 
 
 81. 
 
 IMtfra (/.), delay. 
 
 [Dilatio (/.), delaying. 
 
 I Pondus (n.), a weight, burden. 
 
 [inertia (/.), ignorance^ inactivity, 
 
 j .'ra (/.), anger. 
 
 S-Yectlgal (n.), an income. 
 
 Insania (/.), infatuation madness 
 Genus (n.), kindred, family. 
 JEtas (/.), age, time of life. 
 Parsimonia (/.)> economy, thrift. 
 Verecundia (/.), bashfulness. 
 initium (n.) 9 a beginning. 
 
 Rem. — Nouns in io often signify the action of the thing expressed, 
 is potus, drink, potio, drinking, mora, delay, dilatio, delaying. 
 
 No king is quite happy. The boy is not so fortunate as the 
 wl. The parent is fortunate if the son is prudent. A con- 
 sented man is generally happy. If a man is not contented, 
 he himself is generally the cause. Although a contented man 
 is often poor, yet he is always happy. Delay is dangerous. 
 Delaying is often useful, sometimes indeed necessary. Every 
 beginning is difficult. Calumny is an abominable thing. 
 Wind is not less beneficial than water. Anger is a dangerous 
 infatuation. Economy is a lasting income. This burden is 
 heavy, the other light. What is so shameful as profound 
 ignorance ? Too much bashfulness is sometimes injurious. 
 This ground is good, but the other is better. This age is by 
 no means the most pious. Every race is not brave and war- 
 like. No edifice is so well known as the paternal home. 
 Every region is not fertile, for there is everywhere a great 
 deal of barren land. 
 
48 ahn's method 
 
 82. 
 
 Plus {adv.), more. I Cam (adv.) \ , 
 
 JEqm (adv.), so, as well as. | Quum (adv.) S ' a *' 
 
 Cur (ado.), why. \ Quando (adv.), when. 
 
 Quare (adv,) y why ? vjhere/ore ? \ an (adv.), or. 
 
 Qui (adv.), how f why ? I Utrum (adv.), whether. 
 
 Secus (adv.), not so, otherwise. | ita (adv.), so, thus, such. 
 
 Qui ita est? Cur puer est otiosus ? Quare sedificium 
 tarn altum est? Qui magis est docta puella quam puer? 
 Cibus non est paratus ; cur 1 non ? Cum discipulus meus 
 est seger, plerumque est piger. Quum senex est infirmus 
 saepe est iracundus. Quando servus est diligens dominus est 
 lenis. Quando igitur 2 tyrannus turpis est ? Utrum ea vestra 
 an 3 nostra culpa est ? Imperator ilia plus 4 quam sapiens Na- 
 poleon Tertius, nihil est nisi homo mortalis. Ita est. Ita 
 est homo. Praeceptum secus est. Mca secus sententia est. 
 Yerecundia bonum est signum, Ira furor brevis est. 
 Mulier pia et prudens mater est mea. Unus homo beatus 
 est, alter omnino miser. Hie cibus melius est paratus 
 quam alter. Homo scelestus et improbus semper est in- 
 felix. Is solus est beatus, qui honestus est et contentus. 
 Homo prudens et diligens plerumque est felix. Senex 
 plerumque minus bene vestitus est quam anus. Mors certa 
 est, et in certa an hac die ipsa. Vita non est ita quod 
 omnis homo beatus est. Non omnis homo pius est, non 
 omnia enim homo est probus. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Cur non ? Why not ? Car is used for why in affirmative 
 as well as in interrogative sentences; quare only in direct questions, 
 where an answer is expected ; qui when how so? how is it that ? by 
 what means f is implied. Why ? in direct questions is likewise rendered 
 by quid, as quid ita $ (why so f) See Rem. Ex. 78. 
 
 (2) Quando igitur, when therefore ? The English adverb when is 
 Bometimes rendered by cum, sometimes by quum, and sometimes by 
 quando, as in the text. Quum and cum are different orthographies of 
 the same word. In expressing present time indefinitely, when may be 
 either rendered by cum, quum, or quando ; but in expressing a defi- 
 nite period of past time quum or cum only is used; quum or cum is 
 likewise used in a variety of compound locutions, as quum pturimuin 
 {most frequently) ; quum maxlme (never more). In questions when is 
 rendered by quando ; quum or cum are never put interrogatively. 
 
FIKST LATIN COURSE. 
 
 49 
 
 (3) Vestra an nostra culpa, your fault or ours. An stands for or 
 only when whether is expressed or understood in the sentence, &s,utrum 
 is est an non ? or simply an is est ? (whether is it he or not ?) 
 
 (4) Imperator ilie plus quam sapiens, that more than wise emperor. 
 Tlus answers to more, when, over, beyond, or above is signified, as plus 
 quam plus homo (a more than godly man), i. e., above, beyond, or over 
 godly. In comparisons more is rendered by magis, as magis pius quam 
 ego, more godly than I. 
 
 83. 
 
 Volucris (/.), a bird. 
 
 Serpens (c. g.), a serpent, a rep- 
 
 Anser (m.), a goose 
 
 Passer (m.), a sparrow. 
 
 Ostrea (/.), an oyster. 
 
 elephantus (iw ), an elephant. 
 
 Hirundo (/.), a swallow. 
 
 Cygnus (m.), a swan. 
 
 Bos (c. g.), an ox, bull, or cow. 
 
 Pavo (c. g.), a peacock. [tile. 
 
 Leo (m.), a lien. 
 Lea3na (/.), a lioness. 
 Lupus (m.), a wolf. 
 Lepus (?».), a hare. 
 
 Rem. — Volucris signifies any creature that can fly, consequently may. 
 mean a winged insect as well as a bird, but it is mostly used in speak- 
 ing generally of the feathered tribe. 
 
 Here is that more than illustrious city — Rome. How is it 
 that the oyster is so delicious ? Why is meat so dear ? Where- 
 fore is the serpent so noxious ? When an animal is docile, 
 it is generally useful. Whether is the black swan rare or 
 not? The ant is a sedulous and assiduous insect. No ani- 
 mal is so crafty as the fox. The ox is a patient and valuable 
 animal. The lion is a brave and generous brute. No bird is 
 so splendid as the peacock. Every bird is not useful, nor is 
 every insect noxious. The lioness is much more terrible than 
 the lion. The hare is a timicl, but very swift creature. The 
 wolf is a fierce and ferocious wild beast. What bird so stupid 
 as the goose ? The sparrow is a small but prolific bird. No 
 animal is so vast, so strong, or so intelligent, as the elephant. 
 The ostrich is a useful and docile bird, but the swallow is 
 altogether unreachable. 
 
 84. 
 
 Videre, to see. 
 Audire, to hear. 
 Credere, to believe. 
 Servire, to serve. 
 Intelligere, to understand. 
 Scire, to know. 
 
 Nescire, not to know, to he igno- 
 rant of. 
 abire, to go away. 
 
 Esse, to he. 
 
 Fuisse, to have been. 
 
 Esto, be. 
 
 Habere, to have. 
 
 Habuisse, to have had. 
 
 am are, ~| , , 
 
 M„ ' > to love. 
 ig6re, J 
 
 LSgSre, to read. 
 
 Dicgre, to say, sjicak, tell. 
 
50 ahn's method. 
 
 Semper esto diligens. Miserabile est 1 nihil amare. Pal- 
 chrum est semper verum dicere. Nihil tarn turpe est quam 
 ingratum esse. Honestum est nunquam injustum fuisse. 
 Legere est facile, intelligere difficile. Miserum verbum 
 est habuisse et nihil habere. Primum prseceptum est dili- 
 gere 2 et servire. Melius est nescire quam male scire. 
 Stultum est videre et audire et tamen non credere. Frater 
 tuus nondum est tam doctus quam meus. Elephantus non 
 est tam utilis quam bos. Non omnis fera est tam ferox 
 tamve vehemens quam lupus. Aqua multo magis est ne- 
 cessaria quam vinum. Vestis haec perennis est, alia splen- 
 dida sed fragilis, Ees periculosa est lingua intemperans. 
 Omne prseceptum divinum bonum est et utile. Quamquam 
 dominus noster est homo moderatus, minime est illiberalis. 
 Historia si yera non solum utilis est, sed etiam saepe salu- 
 taris. 
 
 Eem. — (1) Miserabile est, it is pitiable. The neuter form of the 
 adjective miser abilis, is used in this sentence, because it is the pre- 
 dicate of the infinitive amare ; and infinitives of verbs when used sub- 
 stantively, are of that gender. (See gender in Appendix, § 1, c.) 
 
 (2) Diligere et servire, to love and obey. The English verb to 
 love is sometimes rendered by amare and sometimes by diligere^ Amare 
 signifies to love cordially ; diligere, to love dearly ; that is, the one 
 expresses the love of the heart, the other the love of the mind. Amare 
 in some constructions, stands for to like, to be fond of, to be partial to. 
 Diligere {fvom. di-ligere, to choose apart), involves a notion of selection 
 and is the proper equivalent for to love in such phrases, as to love peace 
 and hate war, because a notion of preference is expressed; but, when 
 to love is used indefinitely, it may be rendered by either amare or 
 diligere. 
 
 85. 
 
 FWvius(mU 
 Flumen (n.), j 
 epistbla (/.), a letter. 
 Sulcus (m.), a furrow. 
 Autumnus (m.), Autumn. 
 Ver (n.), Spring. 
 jEstas (/.), Summer. 
 Hi ems (/.), Winter. 
 
 Ars (/.), power, art, skill. 
 Verum (n.), truth, reason. 
 Vicinus (m.), a neighbour. 
 Consul (m.), a consul. 
 amor (m.), love. 
 
 Clemen tia (/.), clemency, mercy. 
 Senectus (/.), age, old age. 
 Manus (/.), the hand. 
 
 Hem. — When the noun river signifies a stream of moderate magni- 
 tude, it is rendered hyfluvius ; but when a deep, broad river is implied, 
 
JFIEST LATIN COTJKSE. 51 
 
 by amnis. The vrox&fumen means Mowing, hence it is used to express 
 anything that. flows, as a current, a flood of tears, a running stream; 
 and it is sometimes used instead of fuvius for river, in speaking of 
 streams generally. 
 
 Every river is not deep. It is a virtue not to know vice. 
 When is tke teacher here ? Whether is this your book or 
 not ? Summer is my delight. One climate is agreeable, ano- 
 ther unpleasant. Spring is not so beautiful as autumn. 
 Truth is eternal and unchangeable. The peacock is not so 
 stupid as the goose. The hand is beautiful, if it is small. 
 Medicine is a most beneficent art. Nothing is so worshipful 
 as a calm and cheerful old age. Winter is a cold but healthy 
 season. An old raven is often a crafty bird. A furrow is 
 not productive unless deep and straight, "No virtue is more 
 generous than mercy. A severe dictator is sometimes better 
 than a lenient consul. All history is not useful, for all his- 
 tory is not true. Nothing is more honourable, than to have 
 always been just. The merchant is not a rich man, but he is 
 diligent and upright. 
 
 86. 
 
 idem, eadem, idem, the same, the same person, 
 ater, tra, tmm, 1 black, brown, gloomy, stormy. 
 teter, tra, trum, mischievous, hideous, foul, nasty. 
 alienus, a, urn, 2 another mans, alien, offensive. 
 Tutus, a, urn. 3 safe, secure, out of danger. 
 Salvus, a, urn, safe, sound, well. 
 
 SScundus, a, um, second, next, prosperous, favourable. 
 Adversus, a, um, adverse^ unfavourable, unseasonable* 
 
 Rem.— (1) Ater stands for black when a dark colour is implied, as 
 vinum atrum, a black or dark coloured wine; under most other cir- 
 cumstances black is rendered hy niger. 
 
 (2) Alienus signifies of or belonging to another person or country) 
 and is equivalent to such English locutions, as, the affairs of others, 
 other people' ] s business. 
 
 (3) Tutus stands for safe when danger is no longer to he appre- 
 hended, and salvus when danger is to be feared, or has been recently 
 escaped. 
 
 Animus semper est idem, anima eadem, corpus idem. 
 Difficilis, facilis, gratus et icgratus est idem. Arnica mea 
 est prudens, sedula, diiigens ; eadem pia est, fidelis et 
 proba. Hie omnis infelix cxul tutus est. Senex salvus 
 
52 ahn's method. 
 
 est et gratus. JFortuna nunquam longa est secunda. Ater 
 panisvalde sanus est. Res aqua stagnans tetra est. Utrum 
 est vinum atrum an album ? Quando coelum est obscurum, 
 nox est tetra. Tyrannus crudelis teter est dominus. Suum 
 genus magis earum est quam alienum. Civitas non est 
 tuta, quando bellum est. Homo scelestus nunquam est 
 tutus. Prater tuus est salvus, si hie nuntius verus est. 
 Nihil est secundum, quando tempus est adversum. Quum 
 bellum est adversum, pax plerumque est difficilis. Quam- 
 quam apis valde parva est, tamen est admodum sedula. 
 Hoc opus non idem est, quod est alterum. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Difficilis est idem, he, the same parson, is rude. Idem, as 
 in this sentence, has sometimes the power of he, she, or it the same. 
 
 (2) Quod est alterum, as the other. After same, the particle as be- 
 comes a relative pronoun, and is rendered by qui, gum, or quod. (See 
 Ex.46.) 
 
 87. 
 
 Dux (c, g.), a leader, chief, general, or admiral. 
 
 Forma (/.), shape, figure, form, beauty. 
 
 Apparatus (rn.), preparing, preparation, an entertainment. 
 
 Familiaris (m.), a companion, an intimate, a familiar friend. 
 
 Ciipiditas (/.), desire, thirst, passion, covefousness. 
 
 Pestis (/.), ajjest, destruction, ruin, calamity. 
 
 Vulgus (m. or n.), the vulgar, the common people, a mob. 
 
 Fides (f.), faith, trust, fidelity, integrity. 
 
 Patria (/.), the native soil, one's own country. 
 
 Rem. — The possessive pronouns, my, thy, your, his, her, its, their, 
 when used with the word country, are not expressed in Latin. (See 
 Rem. to Ex, 26.) 
 
 The one entertainment is the same as the other. That 
 fires s is the same as this. This statue is the same as that. 
 Is this the same law P Winter is often a hideous season. 
 Every leader is not wise and prudent. Beauty is a frail and 
 fleeting thing. One's own country is always beautiful. JNo 
 infatuation is so vile as covetousness. What pest is so abo- 
 minable as calumny ? A ferocious mob is generally a harsh 
 judge. The state is always safe if the sovereign is prudent. 
 Your brother is my school-fellow and intimate friend. The 
 sky is sometimes calm, sometimes stormy. JN"o one is a good 
 citizen, who is not honest and just. Your advice is always 
 the same. Is your opinion always the same ? How is that 
 
■ FIRST LATIN COURSE. 53 
 
 your opinion is always the same ? He, the same person, is 
 haughty and generous, lenient and cruel. The general is 
 temperate, grave, and prudent ; he, the same person, is affable, 
 liberal, and kind. 
 
 88. 
 
 Libere {adv.), freely* 
 
 Plane {adv.), openly, plainly, 
 
 Certe (adv.), certainly. 
 
 Pene (adv.), almost, in a manner, 
 
 Perspicue (adv.), perspicuously, 
 
 LibidTnose (adv.), wilfully. 
 
 Temere (adv.), rashly. 
 
 Facile (adv.), easily. 
 
 Egregie (adv.), admirably. 
 
 Perpetud (adv.), continually. 
 
 Ctto (adv.), quickly, 
 Raro (adv.), seldom, rarely, 
 Merito (adv.), deservedly. 
 Salubrlter (adv.), wholesomely, 
 Velociter (adv.), swiftly, rapidly. 
 LeYiter (adv.), slightly, gently. 
 Libenter (adv.), willingly, gladly. 
 Audacter (adv.), boldly. 
 Impudenter (adv.), impudently, 
 Fidellter (adv.), faithfully. 
 
 Rem. — Adverbs are mostly formed from adjectives by changing the 
 last syllable into e, b, or adding ter, iter, with an occasional eupho- 
 nic modification of the root, as from facilis easy, is formed facile easily ; 
 from rams rare, raro rarely ; from audax bold, audacter boldly; from 
 velox swift, velociter swiftly* 
 
 Homo industrius raro est pauper. Senex ille leviter vesti- 
 tus est. Pene discipulus meus adhuc est puer. Hie cibus cito 
 paratus est. Egregie liber tuus scriptus est. "Onus fluvius 
 est longus, alter brevis. Bonus judex salubriter est severus. 
 Rex prudens non facile yictus est. Fortuna nunquam est 
 perpetuo bona. Quam temere ! quam libidinose ! quam 
 impudenter ! Honestum est audacter et libere" dicere. Vir- 
 tus est bene et fideliter servire. Pulchrum est yerum 
 libenter audire. Omnis homo probus merito est clarus. 
 Legere est facile, legere plane et perspicue difficile. Bene 
 scire melius est, quam yelociter scire. Imperator fortasse 
 est callidus, certe est acutus. Ilia civitas nondum plane: 
 est inimica aut hostis. Si homo est segrotus, non est beatus. 
 Amicus meus est segrotus, beatus igitur non est. Quam- 
 quam homo est segrotus, interdum est beatus, sed non 
 semper. 
 
 89. 
 
 Firmus, a, urn, firm, strong ', solid, 
 Antiquus, a, urn, old, ancient, 
 Composltus, a, urn, quiet, demure. 
 
 Constructe,a,um, built constructed. 
 Extents, a, um, outward, foreign, 
 Superbus, a, um, proud, brave, 
 E 3 
 
54 ahk's method. 
 
 Regius, a, um, regal, royal. ) Mortuus, a, urn, dead. 
 
 Crassus, a, Mm, fat, thick. 
 Densus, a, um, dense, thick. 
 Latus, a, um, broad, wide. 
 Augustus, a, um, narrow, scanty. 
 Jmperiosus, a, um, imperious. 
 Mumficus, a, um, munificent. 
 Incautus, a, um, heedless. 
 Crediilus, a, um, credulous. 
 
 Privatus, a, um, private. 
 Publicus, a, um, public. 
 Cavus, a, um, hollow. 
 Consitus, a, um, sown. 
 Fidus, a, um, trusty, true. 
 InquTnatus, a, um, defiled. 
 Pestiferus, a, um, pestilent. 
 Situs, a, um, situated. 
 
 Your house is wholesomely situated. The long bench is 
 too narrow. A trusty friend is a great treasure. The land 
 is fat and fertile. A iield is not productive unless sown. 
 The one globe is solid, the other hollow. An imperious master 
 is generally harsh also. Love is a credulous and deceitful , 
 thing. A prudent king is never proud or arrogant. The 
 tyrant is dead, but not the tyranny. This is a public, the 
 other a private building. The forest is dense, obscure, and 
 rugged. The river is deep, but not broad. Rome is a very 
 illustrious and ancient city. The boy is troublesome, but the 
 girl is docile and quiet. Every flower that is foreign, is not 
 beautiful. The wall is solid and admirably constructed. "Who 
 so defiled as an unjust judge? Nothing is so regal or so 
 magnificent as clemency. My pupil is by no means a heed- 
 less or negligent boy. 
 
 90. 
 
 Siim, I am. 
 
 es, thou art, or you are. 
 
 Est, he, she, or it is. 
 
 Homo sum. Rex es. Proba puella est hsec. Non ego 
 sum mercator. Puer piger es. Quid tu tristis es ? Dux 
 ego vester sum. Si tu es homo, es etiam mortalis. Ego 
 sum mortalis et tu quoque. Discipulus probus es, si dili- 
 gens es. ^ Sum salvus si verus hie nuntius est. Ille homo 
 est sodalis meus, et ego sum comes juse. Difficilis, facilis, 
 negotiosus, otiosus es idem. Quando niolle vinum est? 
 Consul vir est maxima generosus et munificus. Nemo est 
 tarn regius tamve liberalis quam vester imperator. Hseo 
 via publica est, alia privata. Saccharum hoc bonum est, 
 sed aliud melius. Ubicunque stagnans est aqua, pestifera 
 regie- est. Amicus meus nee est incautus, neque negligens, 
 
FiTfcST LATIN COTJESE. 
 
 55 
 
 Hie ager mult& melius con situs est quam alter. Ego 
 sum homo, ergo sum mortalis. Homo sum 1 igitur sum hu- 
 manus. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Homo sura, / am a man. The personal pronouns/, thou, 
 and you, are rendered by ego and tu. (See Ex. 38 ;) but are generally 
 dropped when nominative to a verb. (See Rem. to Ex. 56.) 
 
 91. 
 
 Illustris, e, bright, illustrious. 
 Imbecillis, e, weak, weakening. 
 Capitalis, e, destructive, capital, 
 Infamis, e, detestable, dismal. 
 "Vilis, e, cheap, base, abject. 
 JEquabilis, e, equal, consistent. 
 Insignis, e, remarkable, flagrant, 
 Similis, e, like, similar. 
 
 Dissimilis, e, unlike, dissimilar, 
 Segnis, e, dull, slothful. 
 Gracilis, e, slim, slender, 
 amabilis, e, amiable. 
 Machinalis, e, mechanical, 
 Militaris, e, military. 
 Instabilis, e, unsteady. 
 Virtdis, e, green, 
 
 I am a wretched man. You are a diligent boy. The girl 
 is amiable enough, if she is good. If I am not humane, I 
 am not a man. You are not trustworthy, for falsehood is 
 your delight. Here is the very person. Where is he ? Me- 
 chanical power is certainly very useful. A transaction so 
 abominable is detestable. Inebriety is an abject vice. What 
 is true : .s always consistent. A virtuous life is a consistent 
 life, btagnant water is generally pestilent. The building is 
 remarkable, but not very spacious. Nothing is so base or 
 destructive as calumny. That young man is weak, his body 
 is too slender. My neighbour is unsteady, trivial, and incon- 
 stant. A military road is generally durable, but often too 
 narrow. My friend is a passable poet, and a very affable 
 young man. If the pupil is dull, the teacher is often severe. 
 
 92. 
 
 amo, I love} 
 
 amas, thou lovest, or you love. 
 
 am at, he loves. 
 
 Habeo, I have. 
 
 Habes, thou hast, or you have. 
 
 Habet, he has. 
 
 Video, I see, 
 
 Tides, thou seest, or you see, 
 
 Yidet, he sees. 
 
 Manet, he waits, or remains. 
 
 Eem. — (1) The simple tenses of 
 English compound tenses made up 
 
 Lego, / read. 2 
 
 Legis 5 thou reddest, or you read. 
 
 Legit, he reads. 
 
 Scio, / know. 
 
 Sets, thou knowest, or you know. 
 
 Beit, he knows. 
 
 Nescio, / know not. 
 
 Nescis, thou knowest not, or you 
 know not. 
 
 Nescit, he knows not. 
 the Latin verb are equivalent to the 
 with the participle in ing thus — 
 
56 
 
 AUN S METHOD. 
 
 Audio, / hear, or / am hearing. 
 Audis, thou hearest, or art hearing. 
 Audit, he hears, or is hearing. 
 
 (2) The word lego has a variety of other meanings besides I read; 
 as the indicative present of the verb legdre, it stands for / send as an 
 ambassador, I despatch, I entrust ; and as the present indicative of 
 leg ere, it means I choose, gather tip, or steal. 
 
 Ego amo. Tu amas. Qui puer amat. Quis legit? 
 Fratermeus legit. Quid legit? Cur legit ?— Nescio. Quid 
 legis ? Quid lego, nescio. Si tu nescis, ego scio. Quod tu 
 nescis, ego nescio. Quid habes ? Quod habeo, vides. Habeo 
 quod vides. Quod habeo, scis. Discipulus bene legit meus. 
 Perpetuo discipulus legit tuus. 1 Soror mea multo rueliu3 
 legit quam ego. Utrum hie liber sit utilis an inutilis, nes- 
 cio. Civis bonus semper est probus et honestus. Eulius 
 bonus civis unquam est iniquus. Si homo est iniquus, 
 non bonus est civis. ISon omnis bonus civis homo est cre- 
 dulus. Nemo est bonus civis qui credulus est nimis. 
 Quamquam puer est gracilis, non est imbecillis. Puella est 
 assidua et diligens, igitur est filia proba. Non omnis res 
 quae machinalis est, res bona est et utilis. Rex vester 
 homo est infamis, quia vilis est et illiberalis. 
 
 ^ Rem. (1 ) Discipulus legit tuus, your pupil is reading. The verb in Latin 
 is generally placed at the end of the sentence, unless, as in this instance, 
 some other rule has to be observed. (See Remarks to Ex. 32, 38, 
 46, 52, 72, and 76.) 
 
 Do, I give. 
 Das, thou givest, or you give. 
 Dat, he gives. 
 Puto, 1 think. 
 
 Pittas, thou thinkest, or you think. 
 Putat, he thinks. 
 Jungo, I join or yoke. 
 Rftgo, I ask or enquire. 
 Vlto, I shun. 
 M6neo, I advise. 
 Credo, / believe, think, or trust. 
 Credis, thou beliezest, thinkest, 
 trustest, you believe, think, trust. 
 Credit, he believes, thinks, trusts. 
 
 93. 
 
 Colo, / exercise, practise, or study, 
 
 Cdlis, thou exercisest, practises^ 
 or studiest ; you exercise, prac' 
 Use, or study. 
 
 Colit, he exercises, practises, or 
 studies. 
 
 Cedit, he, she, or it gives way. 
 
 Protegit, he, she, or it protects. 
 
 Conservat, he, she, or it pre- 
 serves, maintains. 
 
 PStit, he, she, or it asks for. 
 
 iEdificat, he, she, or it builds. 
 
 abundat, it abounds. 
 
 Delectat, it delights or pleases, 
 
FIEST LATIN COTJESE. 57 
 
 Pleasure delights. Wickedness abounds. The servant 
 waits. My pupil studies. What have you? I have nothing. 
 The enemy gives way. I shun boldly. I sometimes think. 
 You never think. What is the boy reading ? What is your 
 sister asking for ? I know not. When I know not, I enquire. 
 God preserves and protects us. What I see, I believe. What 1 
 have, I give. Man is an animal that builds. What you think, 
 I know. Wby are you continually reading ? My attendant 
 is a trusty servant. This food is wholesomely prepared. 
 That poplar is gently curved. An enemy is rarely just. Your 
 only son is my intimate friend. Plainly enough this work is 
 not the same as the other. The wall is much better constructed 
 than the roof. No wild beast is so brave and daring as the 
 lion. Although a field is fertile, it is not productive unless 
 sown. 
 
 94. 
 NeV . 
 Num,» 
 
 f\ 1 
 
 Nonne, 3 [= Interrogative particles. 
 
 an, 4 
 
 Anne 
 
 an,* 
 
 A question may be asked in Latin by simply affixing a 
 note of interrogation to the affirmative form of the phrase, 
 as — hie est liber tuus, this is your booh ; so — hie est liber tuus ? 
 is this your booh ? but, more usually one or other of the fore- 
 going particles is used. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Ne is enclitic and is generally attached to the first word 
 af the sentence. This particle merely denotes that information is 
 sought, as estne severus magister r Is the master severe 9 
 
 (2) Num, when used in a question expects the answer, no, as — num 
 2st homo certus ? Is the men trustworthy? t, e. the man is not trust- 
 worthy, is he f 
 
 (3) Nonne expects the answer yes, as — nonne est mors certa ? Is 
 mi death certain ? i. e. death is certain, is it not f 
 
 (4) An and anne are sometimes used instead of ne, in merely ask- 
 ing for information, as, an is est? Is it he? Often, however, an and 
 jfine imply whether, as — an est ilia tua sententia ? Is that your opi- 
 nion? i.e., "Whether is that your opinion or not? (See also Hem. 
 3, Ex. 82.) 
 
 Estne viDum asperum ? Num est vinum asperum ? Nonne 
 est vinum asperum ? An est yinum asperum ? Quis est ? 
 Tun' 1 est? Satin' 2 sanus es etsobrius? Miles non sum. 
 
58 ahn's method. 
 
 Quid igitur es ? Bis dat, qui cito dat. Homo invidiosus 
 mains est civis. Populus ilia procera est cava. Senex non 
 est infirnms, ncque irabellis. Utrum pax sit certa, an in- 
 certa, nescio. Perrum vile est metallum, aurum pretiosum. 
 Homo cum segrotus est plerumque est miser. Mius minimi 
 incautus aut negligens est tuus. Qui temere credit, is cre- 
 dulus est homo. Discipulus tuus multo melius legit quam 
 meus. Homo temperans et moderatus raro est Eeger. Janitor 
 noster homo est temperans et moderatus, raro igitur est 
 seger. ' Quum civitas est instabilis, rex non est felix. Ne- 
 gotium honestum est tuum, sed nimis periculosum. Urbs 
 nostra est magna, maxime antiqua, et admodum opulens. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Tun* est ? Is it you ? The e of ne is frequently dropped 
 as tun for tune, 
 
 (2) Satin' es sanus? Are you well enough? Saiisne in colloquial 
 interrogations is generally contracted into satin'. 
 
 95. 
 
 Pulvis {in. or/.), dust. 
 Conjunctio (/.), a conjunction. 
 Seg&s (/.), a corn- field. 
 Hora (/.), an hour, time. 
 Ripa (/,), the bank (of a stream), 
 
 the shore. 
 Vitrura (n.), glass, crystal. 
 Fugitivus (m.), a fugitive. 
 Medicus (m.), a physician. 
 Praetor (m.), a governor , viceroy. 
 Dolor (m.), grief , pain. 
 NiimSrus (m.), a number. 
 Probitas (f. J, probity. 
 
 Rem. — (1) The word youth when it signifies the early period of life, 
 may be rendered either by juventa, jiwentas, or juventus ; when youth 
 signifies a young person of either sex, it must be rendered by juvenis. 
 Juventus properly signifies the goddess of youth, but is also sometimes 
 used in speaking of youth or of young persons generally 
 
 (2) In speaking of the disposition or affections, the word mind is 
 most correctly rendered by animus, and in speaking of the rational or 
 thinking principle, by mens. 
 
 Is the book easy? The book is not easy, is it ? The book 
 is easy, is it not ? Is the book easy or not ? The word but 
 is a conjunction, is it not ? Every omen is not favourable, 
 
 Juventa (/.;, J 
 Jiiventas (/.), £■ youth? 
 Juventus (/.), j 
 Auspicium (n,), an omen 
 Curia (/.), a court-house. 
 Komen (n.), a name. 
 amicitia (f.), friendship. 
 lnimicttia (/.), enmity. 
 Pulchritudo (/.), beauty. 
 Amplitudo (/.), magnitude. 
 Conscientia (/.), conscience 
 Disciplina (/.), discipline. 
 Mens (/.), 2 the mind, courage. 
 
FIIIST LATIN COUESE. 59 
 
 STouth. is docile, eld age intractable. Enmity is not always 
 asting. The court-house is a very lofty and spacious build- 
 ng. I r outh is a short and fleeting thing. I am not a mer- 
 chant, I am a physician. The affair, though important, is by 
 10 means agreeable. Discipline is always useful, sometimes 
 necessary. Every youth is not wise and prudent. Firm 
 riendship is more precious than gold. The human soul is 
 immortal, the body nothing but dust. An hour is short, when 
 ii man is happy. The corn-field is very fertile, but the garden 
 !j.s in no vvise productive. The mind is not healthy when the 
 ,3ody is diseased. Nothing is so hard or so bright as crystal. 
 
 96. 
 
 iram, I was. 
 
 -iras. thou wast, or you were, 
 fat, he was. 
 
 Fui, / was, 1 or have been. 
 Fuisti, thou wast, or hast been, 
 
 you were, or have been. 
 Fuit, he was, or has been, 
 
 £ro, / will, or shall be. 
 « . S thou wilt, or shall be, 
 ' } you will or shall be. 
 erit, he will, or shall be. 
 
 Rem. — Was and were in speaking of an incomplete or continued 
 ict or state, are rendered by eram, eras, erat ; but when an act or 
 .tate completely past is referred to, was and were are rendered by fui, 
 c uisti, fuit. Under all other circumstances, was and were may be ren- 
 lered either by the imperfect eram, eras, erat, ox by tne -pexfectfui, fuisti, 
 e uit indifferently. Was and were, however, like other forms of the verb 
 o be, are often dropped in Latin. (See Bern. Ex. 64.) 
 
 Infelix eram. Felix eras. Stagnans erat aqua. Consul 
 
 fui. Praetor fuisti. Urbs magna fuit. Dux vester ego 
 
 3ro. Semper eris pauper, Acerra, si pauper es. Yirtus 
 
 3st seterna. Medicus erat vir jiberalis, et fidus amicus. 
 
 Napoleon Primus imperator illustris fuit, Napoleon Tertius 
 
 Imperator moderatus est. Mercator quidem civis erat 
 
 !< bonus, nam erat homo sequabuis, Justus et generosus. Bea- 
 
 • tusne frater est tuus ? Conscientia grave pondus est. Soror 
 
 ,ntua adhuc est valde tristis. Miles est necessarius quando 
 
 bellum est. Amicitia nostra antiqua est et firma. Vita 
 
 H'mea est misera, seger enim semper sum. Quando homo 
 
 j'laeger est, rarb beatus est aut contentus. Bex nimis belli- 
 
 j„cosus nunquam omnino est beatus. Is quidem non est me- 
 
60 aun's method* 
 
 rit6 felix, qui non Justus est ethonestus. Ita sum afflictus, 
 ut nemo imquani. 
 
 97. 
 
 Pcticcns (adj.), reticent, dose. 
 Ingens (adj.), huge, prodigious. 
 elegans (adj.), eligible, elegant, 
 ]S T 6cens (adj.), hurtful, guilty. 
 Innocens (adj.), innocent, guiltless. 
 Paulo (adj. fy adv.), a little, some' 
 
 what. 
 Par (adj.), equal, like. 
 Impar (adj.), unequal, unlike. 
 opus (adj.), needful, necessary. 
 Expers (adj.), without, void. 
 eldquens (adj.) eloquent. 
 
 Excellens (adj.), excelling, excel 
 
 lent, worthy, extraordinary, 
 Hebes (adj.), blunt, dull. 
 Plus (adj. & adv.), more. 
 Simplex (adj.), simple, single. 
 Loquax (adj.), talkative. 
 amans (adj,), affectionate. 
 Potens (adj.), powerful. 
 Sagax (adj.), sagacious. 
 Violens (adj.), violent. 
 Frequens (adj.), populous. 
 Imprudens (adj.), imprudent. 
 
 I was indeed too violent. The master was certainly toe 
 severe. Where were you ? The boy will perhaps be a man 
 I will be jouv teacher. I have been very wretched. Yoi 
 have not been so diligent as I. The old man has been more 
 active, than the youth. If you are silly now, Acerra, you wil 
 always be silly. Is the number equal or unequal ? The en 
 terprise is doubtful and a little imprudent. The dress ii 
 elegant, but it is not durable. Clemency is an excellent anc 
 gracious virtue. The girl is affectionate but somewhat talka 
 tive. The consul was guilty, the prsetor innocent. Ever^ 
 powerful state is not great and opulent. The dog is a saga 
 cious and faithful animal. One mind is simple, another crafty 
 The wind is high, but not violent. Home is a very large anc 
 populous city. The general is a weak and infirm old man 
 but nevertheless, he is very proud and haughty 
 
 98, 
 Jucundus, a, urn, 2 "! 
 
 Lretus, a, um, 3 \ merry, gay, cheerful, pleasing} 
 Hilaris, e.* J 
 
 Grandis, e, great, large, grand, sublime. 
 Magnus, a, um, large, great, tall, high, loud. 
 Dexter, tra, trum (or tera, terum), right, propitious. 
 Sinister, tra, trum, left, unlucky. 
 Inclytus, a, um, of great renown, noble, glorious, 
 Tranquillus, a, um, tranquil, calm^ peaceful. 
 Rectus, a, um, right, straight, acute, clear. 
 Laboriosus, a, um, laborious, fatiguing, irksome. 
 Consecratus, a, um, consecrated, dedicated^ sacred. 
 
 
FIRST LATIK COURSE. 
 
 61 
 
 Rem.— (1) Anything that delights the mind or creates joy, is said 
 to be jucundus or hilaris ; anything that is grateful or acceptable is 
 said to be gratus, and anything that is pleasing to the sight or feelings, 
 is said to be Icetus, and sometimes amcenus. 
 
 (2) Jucundus, besides the meanings given, stands for jocund, joyful, 
 jolty, pleasant, delightful, lively, agreeable, interesting, amusing, 
 
 (3) Lcetus, besides answering to most meanings of jucundus, stands 
 also for glad, frolicsome, joyous, flourishing, smiling, brisk, and in 
 speaking of cattle, fat, or in good condition, and of flowers, for bloom- 
 ing or brilliant in hue. 
 
 (4) Hilaris^ besides many of the meanings of jucundus, stands for 
 jovial, sportive, blithsome, and mirthful. 
 
 Tellus fertilis et lseta est. Lsetus sum, si felix es. Amicus 
 meus minime est lsetus. Magister meus homo est jucundus. 
 Tota historia jucunda est et utilis. XJt illud est jucundum, 
 sic hoc est molestum. Sum hilaris, sed tu tristis es. Prater 
 meus non est hilaris, nam familiaris est tuus. Si enim 
 unum amicus est tristis, alter hilaris plerumque non est. 
 Ego sum hilaris et soror mea etiam est hilaris, sed frater 
 meus semper est tristis. Populus ilia magna est et gracilis. 
 Yox tua magna est, sed grata. Ventus magnus est et vio- 
 lens. ./Etas tua non est tarn grandis quam mea. Poeta 
 magnus saepe est grandis. Seges haec grandis est, altera 
 parva. Corvus niger simstrum est auspieium. Sinistra 
 manus mea non est tarn longa quam dextra. Imperator 
 vester vir est inclytus, et princeps valde illustris. 
 
 99. 
 
 Europa (/.), Europe. 
 Asia (/.), Asia. 
 Britannia (/.), Britain. 
 Brito (m.), a Briton. 
 Anglia (/.), England. 
 Hi hernia (/.), Ireland. 
 Slcilia (/.), Sicily. 
 Palseopolis (/.), Palceopolis. 
 Keapolis (/.), Naples. 
 Londlnurn (n.), London. 
 Homerus (m.), Homer. 
 Vireilius (m.), Virgil. 
 
 Socrates (m.), Socrates. 
 Attieus (m.), Atticus. 
 Alexander (m.), Alexander, 
 Xerxes (m.), Xerxes. 
 Epaminondas (m.), Epaminondas. 
 Themistocles (m.), Themistocles. 
 Catalina (m.), Catalina. 
 Philippus (m.), Philip. 
 Carolus (m.), Charles. 
 Chremes (m.), Chr ernes. 
 Semiramis (/.), Semiramis. 
 Xantippe (/.), Xantippe. 
 
62 
 
 AHN S METHOD. 
 
 I am glad and happy. Europe is not so large as Asia. 
 Chromes is my only son. Xantippe was a passionate and 
 irascible woman. Ireland is a beautiful and productive island. 
 Catalina was a wicked and detestable fellow. London is a 
 large and opulent, but not a fine city. Socrates was a pious 
 and righteous philosopher. Alexander the Great was a re- 
 markable prince, but not a well-disciplined man. Every 
 Briton is not a prudent citizen. Epaminondas was a noble 
 and illustrious commander. The island of Sicily is not so 
 fertile as Britain. Atticus was a learned man and a faithful 
 friend. Charles is much more industrious than Philip. Xerxes 
 was a king of great renown, and a most enlightened man. 
 England is an opulent and flourishing country. "When Themis- 
 tocles was in a manner a boy, he was very prudent and saga- 
 cious. Virgil was not so eminent a poet as Homer. The 
 city of Pakeopolis was not so populous as Naples is. 
 
 100. 
 
 wo/, 1 no. 
 
 Nunc (adv.), now. 
 Tunc (adv.), then. 
 Mox (adv.), soon. 
 Hodie (adv.), to-day. 
 Cras (adv.), to-morrow. 
 Heri (adv.), } . , 
 mre(adv.),\ y esterda *- 
 Quotidie (adv.), \ ,« Prvdav dailv 
 Indies (adv.), I €JSry * ay > ™ Uy 
 Procul (adv.), far. 
 Quoties (adv.), as often as. 
 Quantum (adv.), as much as. 
 
 Ne (adv.), 1 
 Haud (adv.), j 
 Antea (adv.), 
 
 Ante (adv.), \> before. 
 
 Antequarn (adv.), _ 
 Postquam (adv.), after. 
 Diu (adv.), long. 
 Diutius (adv.), longer 
 Sernel (adv.), once. 
 Quorsum (adv.), to what end. 
 Hiccine ? (adv.), here ? 
 item (adv.), so, again, also. 
 
 Rem — (1) Not is rendered by ne, only with verbs in the imperative 
 or subjunctive moods. Haud is mostly used before adjectives and ad- 
 verbs, it is more emphatic than non, and sometimes has the power of 
 such English locutions, as not very, certainly not, surely not, by no 
 means. 
 
 Ne esto piger. Parva formica haud incauta et non in- 
 felix est. Diu satis durus pater fui. Tu non beatus es, 
 nam semper es otiosus. Ille qui non est humanus, homo 
 non est. Nunc homo es, mox eris pulvis. Hiccine sum an 
 non ? Ubi tunc eras ? Ceelum nunc serenum est. Quotidie 
 filius legit meus. Erat tunc dementia, nunc nulla est. 
 Tu diutius otiosus fuisti quam ego. Qui non est hodie, 
 cras minus negotiosus erit. Mercator nunc sum, miles ant£ 
 
- FIBST LATIK COURSE. 63 
 
 fui. Postquam rex victus fuit, plerumque prudens est. 
 Quod heri lapis aspera erat, hodie nobile signuin est. Nunc 
 vel imbellis miles utilis est, antea non item. Nulla regina 
 erat tarn fortis tamve audax quam Semiramis. Homo qui 
 non Justus est, non est beatus, si igitur princeps non justu3 
 est, plerumque est miser. 
 
 101. 
 
 Disce're, to learn. 
 Dbcere, to teach. 
 edere, to eat. 
 Bib ere, to drink. 
 YlvSre, to live. 
 Mori, to die. 
 P#rire, to perish. 
 Err are, to err. 
 Currere, to run. 
 
 Cognoscere, to know, detect. 
 Impedlre, to hinder or impede. 
 Colribere, to restrain, 
 Prodere, to betray, 
 Afferre, to bring, 
 Scribere, to write. 
 Dare, to give. 
 Accipgre, to receive. 
 ]\Iitescere, to be relieved. 
 
 Is the weather fine ? Have you been a diligent girl ? Is the 
 old man wretched ? The house is not built, is it ? You are 
 well, are you not ? Is the water pure, or not ? I think, you 
 think, and the master thinks. The judge sees and hears. 
 What have you to eat ? The first virtue is to restrain vice. 
 To give is easy, to receive difficult. It is more agreeable to 
 learn, than to teach. Whilst there is life, there is hope. This 
 food is admirably prepared. The king is very sad, I know 
 not wherefore. Falsehood is a most disgraceful thing. Home 
 was then a very populous city, but it is not so now. Your 
 brother was then veiy ill, but he is well now. Your king is 
 a remarkable man, and your queen is not less singular. This 
 work is useful, but the other was a great deal more amus- 
 ing. 
 
 102. 
 
 Laudandus, a, um, 1 to be praised, praiseworthy. 2 
 
 Yituperandus, a, um, to be rebuked, reprehensible? 
 
 Expeteudus, a, um, to be desired, desirable. 
 
 Legendus, a. um, to be read, readable, worth reading. 
 
 Eximius, a, um, eminent, remarkable, unparalleled. 
 
 ineptus, a, um, improper, impertinent, awkward, thoughtless, silly, 
 
 Conjunctus, a, um, joined together , frank, familiar ', sociable, 
 
 Tantus, a, um, so much, so great. 
 
 Quantus, a, um, as much, how much, how great. 
 
64 Alltt S METHOD. 
 
 Qubtus, a, lira, how much, how large, what, of what, 
 Medius, a, urn, 4 middle, midst, the middle of. 
 Reliquus, what is left, the rest, the rest of. 
 
 Hem. — (1) The words laudandus, vituperandus, expetendus, and 
 legendus, having the power of verbs as well as adjectives, are properly 
 participles, but are technically termed gerundives, and sometimes jmr~ 
 ticiples in dus. These words express the English auxiliaries should, 
 ought, and must, thus : 
 
 Laudandus est, he ought, should, or must be praised. ^ 
 
 Vituperandus est, he ought, should, or must be blamed. 
 
 Expetendus est, it ought, should, or must be desired. 
 
 Legendus est, it ought, should, or must be read* 
 
 As regards these meanings of the participle in dus, it will be observed 
 that he is to be praised, ought to be praised, and is praiseworthy ', 
 convey as nearly as possible the same notion. 
 
 (2) Laudandus also stands for worthy of praise and commendable. 
 
 (3) Vituperandus likewise answers to worthy of blame or censure, 
 blameworthy. 
 
 (4) English substantives that relate to quantity or position, as the 
 whole, the rest, the beginnvig, the foot, the top, the end, the middle, 
 when followed by the preposition of and another noun, are generally 
 rendered in Latin by an adjective agreeing with its noun, as universa 
 Gra?cia, the whole of Greece ; reliquum opus, the rest of the work ; 
 prima sapientia, the beginning of wisdom ; summus raons, the top of 
 the mountain ; ima quercus, the foot of the oak; extremus liber, the 
 end of the book ; medius apparatus, the middle of the entertainment. 
 Under such circumstances the adjective usually precedes the noun. 
 
 Quota hora est ? Quanta pecunia est ? Tantum otium est 
 turpe. Si diligentia tua est tanta, cur nunc es otiosus ? 
 Quorsum tanta peena ? Servus fidelis laudandus est. Filia 
 proba laudanda est. Puer piger vituperandus est. Men- 
 dacium est vituperandum. Yituperanda est incuria. Bonus 
 liber legendus est. Liber qui non est bonus, non legendus 
 est. Is liber legendus est, qui bonus est et utilis. Hie 
 liber legendus est, bonus enim est et utilis. Pax plerumque 
 laudanda est. Bellum non semper laudandum. est. Disci- 
 pulus meus omnino laudandus est. Nihil magis laudan- 
 dum est quam virtus. Culpa tua non admodum vituperanda 
 est. Onmis homo honestus merito laudandus est. Multa 
 pecunia non semper expetenda est. Si tu semper es piger 
 non es puer laudandus. Tota Sicilia insula vaide fertilis 
 
PIEST LATIN COURSE. 
 
 65 
 
 est, sed media insula maxim e fructuosa est. Quiim juvenis 
 felix erat Philippus, sed reliqua vita sua erat misera. 
 
 103. 
 
 perlculuni 1 (n.), danger. 
 
 vinculum (n.), a bond. 
 
 ccena 2 (/•), dinner, supper 
 
 pomum in.'). ) ; , 
 
 -i / \ ? an apple. 6 
 malum (n.), $ rr 
 
 navis (/.), a ship. 
 
 nauta {m.)j a sailor. 
 
 turris (/.), a tower, 
 
 virga (/.), a twig. 
 
 arbor (/.).} ' 
 
 arbos (/.), S 
 
 alnus (/.), an alder (tree). 
 
 uva (/•)? a 9 7 'ape, or cluster 
 
 grapes. 
 
 of 
 
 agricola (m.), a husbandman, a 
 
 peasant. 
 defensor (m.), an advocate. 
 a varus (m.), a miser. 
 orator (m.), an orator, 
 sapientia (/.), wisdom, 
 prudentia (/,), prudence. 
 doctrma (/.), learning, education. 
 caritas (/.), affection, charity, 
 opus (n.), need, occasion. 
 def Initio (/.), a definition. 
 unguentum (n.), a perfume. 
 Gailus (m.) 9 a cock, also a Gaul, 
 
 or Frenchman. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Nouns in idum sometimes are written without the penult 
 u, as perlculum or per iclum 3 vinculum or vinclum. 
 
 (2) The coena was a set meal amongst the Eomans answering to 
 both our dinner and supper. The prandium was a meal taken at 
 noon, and corresponds rather with our breakfast than dinner. 
 
 (3) The word apple is most properly rendered by malum ; pomum 
 stands for apple, pear, orange, or any fruit that grows on trees, with 
 the exception of nuts. 
 
 An idle boy ought to be rebuked. Friendship is a pleasing 
 bond. Every tree lias been a twig. A little prudence is 
 always needful. No poet was ever a great orator. A heavy 
 supper is not wholesome. A miser rarely is an upright man. 
 An apple though ripe is generally tart. This pear, though 
 small, is very delicious. I never was a soldier, I am a hus- 
 bandmau. The alder is not so slender as the poplar. A pru- 
 dent and daring advocate, is a useful citizen. So much 
 negligence indeed is very disgraceful. The tower is not so high 
 as the wall. One man is grave, another gay. If the definition 
 is obscure, the rule is useless. The first ship was a hollow 
 tree. When the sky is calm, the sailor is merry. Charity is 
 a beautiful and beneficent virtue. Where there is wisdom, 
 there, there is education. A3 that perfume is luscious, so the 
 other is hideous. What danger is so deceitful as pleasure ? 
 
66 aiin's METHOD. 
 
 
 104. 
 
 \ r 6lo, I will, wish, want, choose, like, desire. 
 
 Sthou wilt, wishest, wantest, choosest, likest, desirest 
 7 ^ you will y wish, want, choose, like, desire. 
 vult, he wills, wishes, wants, chooses, likes, desires. 
 vblebam, I willed, wished, ivanted, chose, liked, desired. 
 oi-i J thou willedst, wishedst, wantedst, etc. 
 
 ' \ you willed, wished, wanted, chose, liked, desired, 
 volebat, he willed, wished, wanted, chose, liked, desired. 
 
 Volo sanus esse, sed semper seger sum. Tu non vis doc- 
 tus esse, nam non es diligens. Frater meus vult doctus esse, 
 sed nimis est negligens. Volebam miles esse, sed tamen 
 mercator sum. Dives esse volebas, cur adhuc pauper es ? 
 Filius discere volebat meus, sed nimis piger est. Fortuna 
 dea est mendax. Liber magnus non semper est tarn utilis 
 quam liber parvus. Homo dives saepe minus est Maris 
 quam homo pauper. Res tarn nefaria, tarn scelesta, tarn 
 atrox, est infamis. Quando tempus adversum est, negotium 
 raro est secundum. Homo seger non semper est miser, nam 
 qui pius est semper est contentus, et qui est contentus nun- 
 quam omnino est miser. Virtus est sua merces. 1 Tu non 
 es tarn prudens quam frater tuus. Vicinus 2 vir temperans 
 est et moderatus. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Sua merces, its own reward. The Latin possessive pro- 
 nouns have the power of the English particle own, as, meus liber, my 
 own hook ; sua merces, its own reward, 
 
 (2) Yicinus est, my neighbour is. The English possessives, my, thy, 
 your, his, her, its, their, may be omitted in Latin, whenever no doubt 
 is likely to arise' as to the person implied. 
 
 105. 
 
 Formosus, 1 a, urn, beautif id, hand- 
 some. 
 
 Bellus, a,um, pretty, good-looking. 
 
 Pgritus, a, um, skilful* expert. 
 
 Imperltus, a, um, unskilful, igno- 
 rant. 
 
 Versutus, a um, wily, evasive. 
 
 Invisus, a, um, unseen, hated. 
 A bsurdus, a,um, ridiculous, absurds 
 Hodiernus, a,um,of to-day, modern. 
 Delectus, a, um, delighted, pleased 
 Conqulsltus, a, um, exquisite. 
 ammosus, a, um, spirited. 
 Perterritus, a, um, frightened. 
 
FIEST LATIN COTJBSE. 67 
 
 Amicus, a, urn, friendly, 
 inlmicus, a, urn, hostile. 
 parvulus, a, um, tiny. 
 Ignarus, a, um, ignorant. 
 Timidus, a, um, timid. 
 a varus, a, um, covetous. 
 
 Sincerus, a, um, sincere. 
 Sanctus, a, um. holy. 
 Deceptus, a, um, deceived. 
 Suspectus, a, um, suspected, 
 Umbrosus, a, um, shady. 
 Modestus, a, um, modest. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Formosus means beautiful, as regards form; pulcher 
 refers to both physical and mental beauty. 
 
 Vice is its own punishment. My brother is handsome, and 
 my sister amiable. My neighbour is skilful, but his servant 
 unskilful. Your horse is spirited, but mine is timid. A shady 
 bank is my delight. Every man is not upright, pious, and 
 affable. An evasive definition is generally absurd. Modern 
 dress is by no means graceful. A covetous man is deservedly 
 wretched. If you wish to be expert, be diligent. I am de- 
 lighted, for this news is true. A man who is not sincere, is 
 never a true friend. The consul was friendly but the prsetor 
 was unfriendly. I am easily deceived, but not easily fright- 
 ened. The girl is good-looking, graceful, and modest. A 
 crafty man is deservedly suspected and hated. The tiny 
 sparrow is neither ignorant nor heedless. Your queen is 
 grave, but your king is gay. A severe law, if just, is not to 
 be censured. How exquisite this wine is ! 
 
 106. 
 
 Me, me, myself, 
 
 Te, thee or you ; thyself or yourself, 
 
 Se, himself, herself itself one's self. 
 
 Tu me vides. Ego te audio. Volebam me cohibere* 
 Volebas te cohibere. Imperator se cohibere volebat. Puer 
 animosus nunquam est timidus. Quum fuit juvenis, Themis* 
 tocles valde animosus erat. Ilia parva puella, quee hie erat, 
 soror est mea. Non omnis dux peritus homo est formosus. 
 Tota vita mea est misera, nam semper seger sum. Non 
 omnis orator est grandis, nee omnis defensor audax. Coelum 
 neque omnino obscurum est, nee ornnino serenum. Hoc 
 animal non est tam crudele, quam ille homo. Societas 
 humana non semper erat tam felix, quam nunc est. Virtus 
 nobilis et regia est dementia. Rex tuus est superbus et 
 imperiosus, sed regina tua benigna est et modesta. Anima 
 
68 ahk's method. 
 
 est salva, sed corpus non est salvuin. Si bonus dominus 
 laudandus est, bonus etiam servus est laudandus. Quis me 1 
 vult? 
 
 Rem. — (1) Quis me vult ? Who wants me ? Governed or depend- 
 ent words generally precede those that govern them, hence the accu- 
 sative personal pronouns me, te, se, are usually placed before the verb. 
 (For other personal pronouns, see Bern. Ex. 90, and for further rules 
 relative to the position of words, see Rem. Ex. 92.) 
 
 107. 
 
 j sharp, keen, sour, I Pedester, tris, tre, on foot, 
 
 acer, ens, ere, -J ,.,* ' . > 
 7 ( bitter, vigorous, 
 
 Celer, eris, ere, swift, rapid. 
 
 Volucer, cris, ere, winged, swift. 
 
 Celeber, bris, bre, famous, cele- 
 brated. 
 
 Saluber, bris, bre, salubrious, 
 wholesome. 
 
 equester, tris, tre, on horseback. 
 alacer, cris, ere, brisk, lively. 
 Paluster, tris, tre, marshy. 
 Sylvester, tris, tre, woodland, 
 Campester, tris, tre, arable, rustic, 
 champaign, pastoral. 
 
 Hem. — The eleven adjectives named above, are of both two and three 
 terminations, thus, acer has for mas, acer, fem. acris, neut. acre, or for 
 mas. and fem. acris, neut. acre. This arises from the form in cm being 
 sometimes used with masculine as well as with feminine nouns. 
 
 Your book pleases me. That news delights you. I wish 
 to teach myself. You wish to teach yourself. The boy wishes 
 to teach himself. I see you plainly enough. Clemency is 
 often sublime. This wine is tart as well as sour. Fortune is 
 a winged goddess. A swift flight is sometimes needful. A 
 marshy country is rarely salubrious. One statue is on foot, 
 the other on horseback. The author is celebrated, "but th< 
 book is useless. Your horse is a lively and spirited animal 
 A vigorous judgment is generally a wise counsellor. Thi; 
 region is woodland, the other arable. Every boy is no 
 wicked, nor is every girl prudent. The son is handsome, and 
 the daughter amiable and good-looking. My neighbour id 
 a husbandman, but I am a soldier. A proud and imperious 
 man, is rarely a prudent king. The poplar is tall and slender 
 the alder thick and short. Though the old man was some- 
 what covetous, yet he was by no means a bad citizen. 
 
 108. 
 
 I! 
 |]| 
 
 fe'ei 
 Vetus 
 
 \ 
 
 w 
 I - 
 
 id' 
 (Iir - 
 
 jam (adv.), now, just now, presently, at present. 
 amplius (adv.), further, longer, more. 
 6t?nam (adv.), O that ! would! would that I 
 
WEST LATIN COTTKSE. 
 
 69 
 
 inde (adv.), thence ; from the place where. 
 ll S 2Z%% } ^oeforward, after W,, in future. 
 statim (adv.), forthwith, by and by. 
 quondam (adv.), in time past, heretofore. 
 olim (adv.), once, formerly, at one time. 
 
 ve>6 (adl 8f conj.) } in trutk > verikj > indeed J usil V> reaU V* 
 I facllius (adv.) easier, more easily. 
 
 Nunc ego, statim tu. Posthac esto magis industrius. 
 Divis facilius perterritus quam miles. Ripa umbrosa multo 
 ne delectat. Judex Justus et probus, vir est venerabilis. 
 Socrates philosophus erat clarus et v r ir magnus. Jam seges 
 3st, ubi presidium fuit. Olim nauta fui, nunc miles sum. 
 Vinum acre olim erat, sed jam est dulce. Urbs magna et 
 frequens quondam fuit Roma. Judex crudelis non amplius 
 homo est, sed bellua ferox. Is solus vere beatus est, qui 
 :>mnino est honestus. Si tu vera inimicus es suus, tu non es 
 amicus rneus. Ager sylvestris non tarn lructuosus est quam 
 uampestris. Palaeopolis fuit hand procul inde nunc Nea- 
 ; polis sita est. Satis semel sum 1 deceptus. Sat miser est 
 qui semel est 2 miser. Adhuc tranquilla res est. Annus 
 ijam filius mens seger est. 
 
 Rem. — (1). Satis semel sum deceptus, literally enough (if) I am once 
 
 'deceived, i. e. it is enough if I have been once deceived. 
 
 1 (2) Qui semel est miser, literally who is once wretched, i. e. who has 
 
 iljEEN once wretched. "With semel, jam, adhuc, and some other adverbs, 
 
 tithe English perfect tense (I have been) is rendered in some constructions 
 
 e by the Latin present (/ am). 
 
 109. 
 
 j?, Malum («.), an evil* 
 Bonum 1 (n.), good, a blessing, 
 ."Scientia (/.), knowledge, science. 
 Vefustas (/.), age, antiquity. 
 La^na (/.), a cloak. 
 Toga (/.), a gown, or toga. 
 s 'Miiniticentia (/•) liberality. 
 Benevolentia (/.), benevolence. 
 Adversaries (m.), an antagonist. 
 Geometiia (/.), geometry. 
 Horreum (n.), a barn, granary* 
 Mea (/.), an olive, an olive tree. 
 
 Perfugium (n,),a refuge. 
 
 Solatium (n.), a comfort. 
 
 Umbra (/.), a shadow. 
 
 Ortus (m.), rising, sunrise. 
 
 obitus (m.), setting, sunset. 
 
 Ilonos (m.), ) , 
 
 XT ) \ [honour. 
 
 Honor (m.), j 
 
 Sbur (m.), ivory. 
 
 Agger (m.), a mound. 
 
 Radix (/.), a root. 
 
 Moles tia (/.), trouble. 
 
 Numen (?i.), a deity. 
 
70 ahn's method. 
 
 Rem.— (1). Malum and bonum are properly the neuter forms of tli 
 adjectives malusamd bonus, the noun negotium being understood ; thu 
 malum negotium would signify a bud affair or thing ; so malum alon 
 stands for mischief \ wickedness, and evil in geiferal. The neuters of othe 
 adjectives are used in the same way to express substantively the qualit 
 implied ; thus, from sUdbus, foolish* comes stultum,/o% ; from parvu 
 little, parvum a little. 
 
 War is a great evil. Peace is a great blessing. Idlenes 
 ought to be rebuked. Liberality is to be praised. Ever 
 book ought not to be read. A diligent boy is a praiseworth- 
 pupil. Geometry is a useful science. As the body is, so i 
 the shadow. So much honour is a great reward. A thic 
 cloak is a useful garment. What so hateful as tyranny 
 Grief is a bitter antagonist. The sunrise is sometimes beau 
 tiful, the sunset often sublime. A man who is really pious i 
 never base. No virtue is more commendable than charitjj 
 The island of Sicily was in time past very productive. Wher 
 this city now is, there was formerly a forest. Though th 
 building itself really is small, yet the granary is most spacious 
 The mound, though broad, is not so high as the garden wall 
 
 110. 
 
 at (conj.), \ \ 
 
 sed (conj.), j 
 
 verum (conj.), > but. 
 
 vero (conj.) \ 
 
 autem (conj.), j 
 
 Bem.— The English conjunction oh* when used in distinguishing 
 threatening, objecting* answering, and similar notions ; or, when usee 
 in the sense of yet is rendered by at ; under other circumstances, whei 
 but is an adversative particle, it is rendered by sed, verum, verb or autem 
 The chief difference of these words consists in verb and autem increas- 
 ing the force of the contrast, and in these two particles being always 
 placed after some other word of the sentence. 
 
 Pater est miles, at frater est mercator. Liber est parvu; 
 at utilis est. Bellum est malum, at interdum necessarium 
 Servus est piger, sed serva est diligens. Filia est negotiosa 
 filius verum otiosus. Hseo astas est brevis ; quae ver6 seta; 
 est longa ? Puer interdum malus est, puella autem sempe:; 
 bona. Conjunctio autem ssepe idem est quod sed. Nullus 
 ventus est tarn gratus quam zephyrus. Non omnis laus lau 
 danda est. Frater ssepius vcrsutus est quam soror. Si vi^ 
 
 i 
 rs 
 it 
 Ii 
 
 
FISST LATIN COUHSE. 
 
 71 
 
 micus esse meus, ne esto mendax. Adhuc in are tranquil- 
 um est et ventus lenis. Senex non soltim urbanus erat, sed 
 tiam generosus. Nomen ssepe inclytum est, quamquam. 
 .uctor est obscurus. Homo qui pauper est et segrotus, valde 
 :st miserabilis. Sum vere felix, nam nlius est assiduus et 
 aligens. Usee regio olim valde sterilis nunc omuino est 
 ertilis. Quando ssger sum, non sum leetus, sed quidem 
 niser- 
 
 111. 
 
 Phocion (*??.), Phocion. 
 Diogenes (m.), Diogenes. 
 Caesar (wi.), Ccesar. 
 Croesus (m.), Croesus. 
 Hebrus (/».), The Hebrus. 
 Troja (/.), Troy. 
 Carthago (/.), Carthage. 
 Segesta (/.), Segesta. 
 Megara (/.), Me gar a. 
 Hierosolyma (/.), Jerusalem. 
 Syracuse (/.), Syracuse. 
 Cyprus (/.), Cyprus. 
 
 Solon (w.), Solon. 
 
 Oicfcro (m.\ Cicero. 
 
 Brennus (m.), Brennus. 
 1 Popilh:^ (m.) 9 Popilius. 
 
 Marcellns Cm.), Marccllus. 
 tpCyrus (»?.), Cyrus. 
 qitfiltfedes (m.), Miltiades. 
 M V erres (m . ) , Verres. 
 uj Ulysses (m.) t Ulysses. 
 I rarquinius (m.), Tarquin. 
 "Pelopidas (m.). Pelopidas. 
 
 Tphi crates (m.), Ip hi crates. 
 
 I am a soldier, but my brother is a sailor. This wine is not 
 
 only tart but sour also. The general was not daring, but he 
 
 was brave. Atticus was somewhat unsteady, but he was a 
 
 faithful friend. The old man is generally healthy, but he is 
 
 ill now. Croesus was a rich, but not a fortunate king. Troy 
 
 was at one time a great and powerful city. Iphicrates was 
 
 an illustrious general and an upright man. The Hebrus is a 
 
 1 very rapid and beautiful river. Tarquin was a proud and 
 
 "haughty king. The island of Cyprus is not so productive as 
 
 'Sicily. Diogenes was an eccentric philosopher, but a very 
 
 ; learned man. The city of Syracuse was in time past very 
 
 stately and magnificent. Ulysses was a celebrated king, and 
 
 f a sagacious counsellor. Pelopidas was a commander of great 
 
 .renown, and an honourable man. Although Caesar was q 
 
 powerful ruler, he was also an eminent author. 
 
 i . u2 - 
 
 - NS (enclitic), or. 1 
 
 ac (conj.), as, than. 
 atque (conj.) } as, especially, and t/et i than 
 
72 
 
 AHN S METJ10D. 
 
 Qiiin {conj.), that, but that, why not ? 
 Sin 2 {conj.), but if, if not. 
 Turn {conj.) then, at that time, as much. 
 Quamvis {conj.), albeit, although, very much, 
 Qutid {conj.), that, as, because, whereas, 
 
 Rem. — (1). JVe only stands for or when whether is expressed or 
 understood in the sentence, and corresponds exactly with an used under 
 similar conditions. (See Hem. 3, Ex. 82 ) 
 
 (2) Shi is used for si non, but only in the second clause of a com- 
 pound sentence. 
 
 Est hsec tua sententia, necne r Estne ipse, an non est 1 
 Non aliter puto, ac dico. Nemo est quin id credat. Quin 
 iu legis ? Frater est miser seque atque ego. Tarn sum 
 homo quam tu. Primutn hie flos est albus, turn ruber est. 
 Pax quum jucimda, turn salutaris est. Quamvis audacter, 
 quamvis impudenter, tamen beue dicit. Si bonus es, scelus 
 sum, sin secus, homo sum honestus. Carthago fuit, sed non est. 
 Brennus dux erat felix, sed homo durus et iniquus. Cicero 
 orator erat clarus, defensor audax et auctor locuples. Yerres 
 legatus erat prsestans, sed non Justus erat homo. Urbs 
 Boma minime tarn antiqua est quam Hierosolyma. Milti- 
 ades non solum dux fuit insignis, sed etiam civis probus. 
 Urbs Segesta non erat tarn magna tamve frequens quam 
 Megara. Quamquam Cyrus rex et imperator erat maguus, 
 erat etiam agricola et philosophus. 
 
 113. 
 
 iEdis (/.), ) 
 Fanum {?i.), >a temple. 1 
 Templum {n), ) 
 Llbertas (/.), liberty, 
 Yaletudo (/.), health. 
 educatio (/.), education. 
 Vulnus (n.), a wound. 
 Digitus («.), the finger. 
 Tigris (/.), a tiger. 
 Pin us (/.), a pine {tree). 
 Fraxinus (/.), an ash {tree). 
 Hosa (/), a rose. 
 
 Poema (n.), a poem. 
 Sacerdos {e.g.), a priest or priestess, 
 Fama {f.)fame, reputation. 
 Caput {n.), the head, also a capital, 
 Liidus (m.), play, sport. 
 No vitas (/•), newness, novelty. 
 Fons {m.), a fountain* a sourct* 
 Vail is (/.), a valley, a dale. 
 Vallum {n.), a trench, or ditch. 
 Campus (ra.), a plain, a camp. 
 Legislator (m.), a legislator. 
 Comjuiatus {m t ), a conspirator. 
 
 Bem. — (1) Templum is a building specially dedicated to public 
 worship ; fanum properly a piece of consecrated ground, but is used 
 
FIRST LATIN COUUSK. 
 
 73 
 
 metaphorically for any edifice that may be erected on such ground ; 
 aedis properly signifies that section of a building which contains the 
 statue of the household god or goddess, and so answers in some respects 
 to our word chapel, but it likewise stands for any building, and answers 
 to structure or edifice, and is sometimes used instead of domus to ex- 
 press the place where one dwells, but in this last sense the plural fo>rm 
 of the word only is used. 
 
 r Is this your book or not? Popilius was an ungrateful fel- 
 low. Where is Marcellus ? A temple is a consecrated 
 edifice. The chapel is lofty and spacious. The palace is a 
 magnificent structure. Formerly a timid man was never safe. 
 Every rich man is not liberal and munificent. The ditch is 
 
 j broad, but not deep. The valley is rugged and quite barren. 
 The plain is by no means so large as the forest. Robust 
 health is a great blessing. The wound is severe, but by no 
 means dangerous. No flower is so beautiful or so sweet as 
 the rose. Catalina was an atrocious and detestable conspira- 
 tor. My neighbour is somewhat covetous, albeit a good citi- 
 zen. JSTo wild beast is so cruel and ferocious as the tiger. 
 A good reputation is better than honour. The fountain was 
 not far from where Syracuse now is. Solon was not only a 
 
 : great legislator, but also a just and humane man. 
 
 Dico, I say, speak, or tell. 
 Dicis J thou sa y est > etc - or > 
 
 } you say, speak, or tell. 
 Dicit, he says, speaks, or tells. 
 Dixi, I said, spoke, or told. 
 yy • ,. \thou saidsti etc., or, 
 
 \ you said, spoke, told. 
 Dixit, he said, spoke, or told. 
 -r.- „. \ it is said. 
 
 I>Itltur ' {it is called. 
 agitur, it is in danger. 
 elicitur, it is struck out. 
 Videtur, it seems, or appears. 
 Premit, it afflicts. 
 
 114. 
 
 Yenio, 
 Yenis, < 
 
 I come. 
 
 thou comest, or 
 you come. 
 
 Yenit, he comes. 
 
 Yeni, / came. 
 
 T7 - . .. f thou earnest i 
 Venisti, i 
 
 ' [ you came. 
 
 Yenit, he came. 
 
 Comedit, he eats. 
 
 Observat, he observes. 
 
 Latet, it lies hid. 
 
 Patet, it lies open. 
 
 Fiirit, it is raging. 
 
 Ardet, it is on fir t. 
 
 Me simulacrum esse dixisti. 1 Te simulacrum esse dixi. 
 
 ; Se simulacrum esse dixit. Otium esse vitium puto. Rex 
 
 belium esse necessarium putat. Consilium meum esse malum 
 
 dixisti. Res tua agitur. Haec res tristis me premit. 
 
71 ahn's method. 
 
 Domus mea ardet. Ventus saluber zephyrusest. Marcel- 
 lus dux erat peritus et amicus fidelis. Non omnis hoino 
 clarus, etiam pius est et honestus. TJter est flos, qui hyacin- 
 thus dicitur? Films unicus discipulus diligensesse dicitur 
 tuus. Xantippe mulier valde iracunda fuisse dicitur. Eor- 
 tasse mulier nou fuit Xantippe tarn iracunda quam fuisse 
 dicitur. Auctor est celeber, sed liber ejus non est quoque 
 laudandus. Dolor acer adversarius esse videtur. Cicero 
 magnus ille orator et defensor audax, paulo timidus fuisse 
 videtur. 
 
 Rem. — Me simulacrum esse dixisti, literally me a spectre to be 
 you said, i. e. you said that / was a spectre. When the particle that 
 can be turned into who or which, it is a relative pronoun ; otherwise 
 it is a conjunction equivalent to quod or tit. In English as well as 
 Latin, the conjunction used under such circumstances may be dropped 
 by putting the verb in the infinitive and the noun or pronoun in the 
 accusative case, as he thinks himself to be for he thinks that he 
 is. The Latin idiom is very partial to this construction, and it is 
 often used when inadmissible in English, as dixit se esse, he said him- 
 self to be, for he said that he was ; so, gaudeo te bene* valere for 
 gaudeo quod tu bgne' vales, I am glad (that) you are well. (See also 
 Eem. 1, Ex. 50.) 
 
 115. 
 
 Mftrf, to me, for me. I Nobis, to us, for us. 
 
 Tibj, to thee, to you (sing.) j Vobis, to you (plu.)for you. 
 
 Rem.— To you is rendered by tibi when a single person is referred 
 to, and by vobis when two or more persons are addressed. (See Eem. 
 Ex. 38, and Rem. 1, Ex. 106.) 
 
 The paternal soil is dear to me. Your brother is very un- 
 friendly to us. Is your country dear to you? I think that 
 I am a spectre. He thinks that he is a spectre. The boy 
 said that the ditch was broad. I said that the wine was tart. 
 The middle of the river is very deep. The whole of this book 
 is very useful. So much calumny is atrocious. What hour 
 is it now ? A crafty man is never a trustworthy friend. An 
 eloquent orator is not always a good counsellor^ This is the 
 bird, that is called a swallow. Your master is said to be very 
 severe. Croesus is said to have been very rich. The old man 
 seems to be very frugal. The general seems to have been very 
 
.PIEST LATIN COURSE. 
 
 75 
 
 expert. Your king is not warlike, but he is prudent and 
 acute. "No animal is so swift, sagacious and useful as the 
 horse. 
 
 116. 
 
 Scythicus, a, urn, Scythian, 
 Lydius, a, urn, Lydian. 
 Trojanus, a, urn, Trojan, 
 Slcilianus, a, urn, /Sicilian. 
 Syracusanus, a, urn, Syracusian. 
 Thebanus, a, urn, Theban. 
 Germanus, a, urn, German* 
 Melltseus, a, urn, Maltese. 
 Ephesius, a, urn, Ephesian. 
 JEgyptius, a, urn, Egyptian. 
 Atheniensis, Athenian. 
 Carthaginiensis, Carthaginian. 
 
 Romanus, a. uni, Roman. 1 
 Latinus, a, urn, Latin, 
 Graecus, a, urn, Greek. 
 Brttannus, a, urn, \ British? 
 Bntannicus, a, urn, J 
 Angjicus, a, urn, \ E m? 
 Anglicanus, a, urn, J * 
 Afrlcus.a.um, \ African , 
 Afncanus, a, urn, J J 
 Galllcus, a, urn, French. 
 Indlcus, a, urn, Indian* 
 Venetleus, a, urn, Venetian, 
 
 Rem.— (1) Local adjectives, that is, those that signify the nation of 
 a person or object, are derived from the names of towns, and sometimes 
 from the names of countries, as Romanus, Roman, from Roma, Rome ; 
 Latinus, Latin, from Latium (a country of ancient Italy). Names of 
 towns or countries in us generally form the adjective in ius, as ASgyp- 
 tus, ASgyptius ; those in a make anus, as Roma, Romanus ; those in 
 ia, acus or Xcus, as Gallia, Galllcus; many, however, make the adjec- 
 tive in ensis, as Enna, Ennensis ; and these terminations admit of 
 being appended to other endings, as, Zacedcemon, Zacedcsmonius, 
 Carthago, Carih aginiensis. 
 
 (2) Some names of countries nave adjectives derived from them 
 both in anus, Inus, or acus, Xcus, as Sicilianus, or Siculus, Sicilian. 
 The former of these forms is mostly used in speaking of men, and the 
 latter in speaking of animals and inanimate objects, as Scipio Africa- 
 nus, the African Scipio ; leo Africus, the African lion ; but, urbs 
 Sicilian a, a Sicilian city. 
 
 (3) Most local adjectives are used substantively, that is, Romanus 
 stands for a Roman, as well as Roman, eo Znglicus is either English 
 or an Englishman. Sometimes, however, there is a distinct substan- 
 tive to express individuals of a particular nation, in which case either 
 the adjective or substantive may be used, as Brito sum, or Britannus 
 sum, / am a Briton, but in some instances the noun is to be preferred, 
 as Gailus sum (not Gallicns sum), lam a Frenchman. Some names of 
 nations have more than one derivative to denote an inhabitant of the 
 country; thus Scythia, (originally the country of the Crim Tartars, but 
 afterwards the greater part of Northern Asia,) has the derivative Scy- 
 thicus, Scytha, and Scythes all signifying a Scythian, but the last form, 
 though used by the Roman writers, is properly a Greek word. 
 
 G 2 
 
76 aun's method. 
 
 Civis Romanus sum. Nonne tu es Africanus ? Cara 
 nobis est patria. Gratnsne tibi est hie nuntius ? Unum 
 verbum mihi sat est. Estne Siculus tibi molestus ? Veri- 
 tas etiamsi jucunda non est, mihi tamen est grata. Brennus 
 erat dux Gallicus. Lupus fera Scythica ferox est. 
 Chremes juvenis erat Syracusanus. Haec Lingua Anglica 
 non est. Lingua Latina valde antiqua est. Nulla lingua 
 magis est grata quam Grseca. Segesta urbs erat Siciliana. 
 Primus dictator llomanus vir fuit moderatus. Pelopidas 
 vir patiens fuit et fortis. Non formosus erat, sed erat fa- 
 cundus Ulysses, Nullus flos tarn suavis est quam rosa 
 Melitaea. Marcellus fuit otiosus nimis, bonus vero civis. 
 Leo Africus non tarn magnus est quam tigris Indica. 
 Quum Tarquinius exul erat, Roma adhuc urbs erat magna. 
 Epaminondas dux Thebanus fuit inclytus, idem erat pru- 
 dens, peritus, liberalis. 
 
 117. 
 
 Scribo, I write, or do write* Scripsi, I wrote, or did write, 
 
 « -,. S thou writest or dost write. ~ . . ,. J thou wrotest, etc. 
 
 '} yon write, or do write. * ' '\ you wrote > or did write. 
 
 Sciibit, he writes, or does write. Scripsit, he wrote, or did write. 
 
 You are a Soman, are you not? I am an English mer- 
 chant. Does 1 this book please you? This book does not 
 please you, does it? This book pleases you, does it not? 
 Does this book please you, or not ? Do you wish to 
 restrain yourself r 1 What does the Indian want? The 
 African does not hear me. Did you say that? I did 
 not say that. What did you say then? You did not say 
 that, did you ? Does the boy read ? What does the boy 
 read ? How much does the boy read daily ? Does the boy 
 read correctly ? The boy reads correctly, does he not? The 
 boy does not read correctly yet. Why do you think that? 
 Does the Frenchman come every day ? When does he come ? j 
 Why does he come? How does he comeP When did the 
 master come ? Why did he come ? 
 
 Hem. — (1) Does this book please you ? Tene deledathic liber ? The 
 particles do, dost, does, and did, when used in English as auxiliaries 
 are not expressed in Latin. A question may be put by simply using the 
 interrogative pronoun with the Yerb, thus ; — 
 
 
FIBST IATIN COtfESE. 
 
 77 
 
 Cur scribis ? Why do you write ? 
 Cur scripsisti ? Why did you write f 
 So in negative sentences : — 
 
 Non scribo, i" do not write, 
 Non scripsi, / did not write. 
 ' Wben no interrogative pronoun is used in a question, tbe particles ne, 
 num, an, are generally used, under which circumstances they correspond 
 in some degree with the English auxiliaries do and did, thus :— 
 Scripsistine ? Did you write ? 
 
 Num scripsisti ? Did you write ? or you did not write, did you f 
 Nonne scripsisti ? Did you write ? or you did write, did you not ? 
 An scripsiti ? Did you write ? or whether did you write or not ? 
 (See also Rein, to Ex. 94.) 
 
 118. 
 
 Mor5sus, a, urn, morose, surly, 
 
 Prsecipuus, a, urn, principal, chief. 
 
 Opportunus, a, urn, opportune, 
 timely. 
 
 H6noratus, a, um, honoured, es- 
 teemed. 
 
 Lsesus, a, um, wounded, wronged. 
 
 Occultus, a, um, hidden, secret. 
 
 Expertus, a, um, expert, skilful. 
 
 Blandus, a, um, bland, caressing. 
 
 Voluptarius, a, um, voluptuous. 
 
 Fluxus, a, um, .flowing, mutable. 
 
 Mutatus, a, um, changed, change- 
 able. 
 
 Pravus, a, um, crooked, depraved. 
 Vinctus, a, um, bound. 
 Rfcniissus, a, um, remiss. 
 Festus, a, um, joyful. 
 Tardus, a, um, slow. 
 Candidus, a, um, white. 
 Ssevus, a, um, pitiless. 
 Fortunatus, a, urn, fortunate. 
 Solidus, a, um, solid, firm. 
 Corrnptus, a, um, corrupt. 
 Beneficus, a, um, benevolent. 
 Mutus, a, um, silent, dumb. 
 Expectatus, a, um, expected. 
 Inhumatus, a, um, unburied. 
 
 Alius sum, ille non sum. Raro scelesttis 1 est fortunatus. 
 Dives non semper est honoratus. Sapiens nunquam est 
 voluptarius. Ssepe avarus est saevus. Omnis bonus est fes- 
 tus. Plerumque segrotus est morosus. Durus non semper 
 est corruptus. Muta valde pauper erat. Mortuus valde 
 beneficus erat. Lsesus non semper est mitis. Popilius 
 privatus erat non publicus. Omnis est utilis. Omne 3 quod 
 scriptum est, non est verum. Quis tarn expertus quam 
 frater meus? Quid tarn fragile quam vitrum splendidum. 3 
 ^sinus animal docile est, paulo autem tardum. Quid putat 
 rex ? Quare id putat ? Quid nescit hie puer ? Non me 
 delectat hie nuntius. Utrum hoc credis an non ? Satin' 
 te plan6 video ? Unus dies est festus, alter tristis. Iphi- 
 
 G 3 
 
73 
 
 ahn's method. 
 
 crates quamquam romissus mmis, bonus tamen civis fuit. 
 Syracusse urbs Siciliana non solum erat pulehra, sed etiam 
 admoduin ampla. 
 
 Rem. — (1) Scclestus, a wicked person. In English, adjectives are 
 "Used as plural substantives, thus the good, signifies good men ; the rich, 
 rich men, and so on. The English idiom, however, does not admit of 
 adjectives being used for singular nouns ; a good will not stand tor a 
 good man, neither will a rich stand for a rich man; but in Latin, sin- 
 gular adjectives are used in this way ; bonus stands for either good or 
 a good man ; du?*us for harsh or for a niggardly man ; and dura for 
 harsh with a feminine noun, or alone for a niggardly u;oman ; so the 
 neuter durum stands for harsh with a neuter noun, or alone for nig~ 
 gardliness in general. (See Rem. Ex. 109.) For this reason the nouns, 
 man, woman, person, personage, individual^ or ftlluw, when they stand 
 after an adjective in English, are usual. y understood in Latin. 
 
 (2) Omne, everything. The adjective omms, when followed by a 
 noun stands for all, but when alone, for evtry person or everything, 
 according as the noun man or thing is understood. The word thirty is 
 very rarely expressed in Latin, except, when by using the adjective 
 alone, it might be doubtful whether an animate or inanimate otject is 
 implied. Usually when thing is expressed the feminine noun res is 
 used, but when omitted, the adjective is put in the neuter to agree with 
 negolium. 
 
 119. 
 
 a battle.l 
 
 &cies (/.), 
 Pugna (/.). 
 Praelium (n.), \ 
 Prcelium (n ), J 
 Liberalitis (/.). generosity. 
 Justitia (/.), justice. 
 Pbtestas (/.), power. 
 Difficultas (/), difficulty. 
 Vbluntas (/.), the wilt. 
 Ramus (m.J, a branch. 
 Folium (n.), a leaf. 
 Majestiis (/.), majesty. 
 Dictatura (/.), a dictatorship. 
 
 Ngpos (m.), a grandson, also a 
 spena thrift. 
 
 Gubernator (m.), a pilot, a gover- 
 nor. 
 
 Turpitudo (/.), dishonesty, guilt. 
 
 e'gestas (/.), indigence, misfortune. 
 
 Infortunium (n.),a mishap. 
 
 Lucrum (?i.), gain, profit. 
 
 FriiiUs (/v.), cold, chillness. 
 
 Sermo (m ), a discourse, advice. 
 
 Prineipium (n.), the beginning. 
 
 Forum («.), a market-place. 
 
 Theatrum («.), a theatre. 
 
 Rem. — (I) The English word battle is rendered by pugna when any 
 contest is meant from a single combat to a general engagement, and by 
 prcelium, prozlium, or acies, only when an encounter between two 
 bodies of troops is implied. The nouns prcelium and prozlium are dif- 
 ferent orthographies of the same word, both answering to fight, str\fe t 
 
PIEST LATIN COTjESE. ?9 
 
 J ot armed contention. Tugna, besides battle, stands for combat, en- 
 ! counter, skirmish, fray. Acies properly means the sharp point or edge 
 of anything, hence it signifies an army drawn out in battle array, and 
 is used metaphorically in speaking of the engagement itself. 
 
 A wise man is never idle. A poor man is not always 
 wretched. A wronged person is generally pitiless. A guilty 
 man is never safe. A sickly person is often surly. A high- 
 wayman is generally a daring rascal. The dead icoman was 
 a good mother. Chremes was a private individual, not a 
 public man. That is not the same thing, it is another. What 
 else is it then ? Indigence is a great evil. The combat is said 
 to be fierce. Fierce strife is a ferocious thing. Nothing 
 human is so grand or so terrible as a great battle. Prudence 
 is a sagacious virtue. One pilot is skilful and fortunate, but 
 another unskilful and unfortunate. Dishonesty is an abject 
 vice. Generosity is not so praiseworthy as justice. Cold, 
 albeit unpleasant, is nevertheless wholesome. The theatre is 
 a stately and very spacious building. What young man so 
 prudent and so industrious as my grandson? 
 
 120. 
 
 Debeo, / should, ought, must." 1 
 
 t\-\ - j thou shouldst, oughtest, must, or 
 
 ' f you should, ought, must* 
 Debet, he should, ought, must. 
 Possum, / may, can, or am able, 
 P^f" j thou mayest, canst, art able, or 
 
 * \ you may, can, or are able. 
 Potest, he may, can, or is able. 
 
 Discere debeo. 2 Docere debes. Dicere debet. Possum 
 lsetus esse. Hilaris esse potes. Jucundus esse potest. Po- 
 tesne legere ? Num potes legere ? Nonne potes legere ? An 
 potes legere ? Deus non potest errare. Omnis homo dis- 
 cere debet. Possum semper beatus esse, si volo. Yir fidelis 
 esse et honestus debet. Nemo qui piger est, felix esse 
 potest. Piger igitur discipulus felix esse non potest. 
 Homo sum, humanus igitur esse debeo. Omnis rex leDis 
 et clemens esse debet. Rex qui non est lenis, felix esse 
 non potest. Si vis beatus esse, honestus esse debes. Tu 
 beatus esse potes, si vis esse honestus. Discipulus discere 
 debet, magister docere. Omnis prsecepter fideliter docero 
 
80 
 
 A.UWS METHOD. 
 
 debet. Qui non vult docere, non potest esse praeceptor. 
 Quum hoc non possum, illud minus possum. Amicitia 
 immortalis, inimicitia mortalis esse debet. 
 
 Eem. — (1) The verbs should, ought, and must, when auxiliaries, are 
 sometimes rendered by the participle in dus. (See Kern, to Ex. 102.) 
 
 (2) Discere debeo, / should, must, or ought to learn. In 
 English the particle to is dropped after may, can, should and must, 
 but it is retained after ought ; in Latin the infinitive mood, which ex- 
 presses to, is used after the equivalents of all these verbs. 
 
 121. 
 
 TupYter (m.), Jupiter, 
 Juno (/.), Juno. 
 Venus (/.), Venus. 
 Dis (m.), Pluto. 
 Cato (w.), Cato. 
 Plato (m), Plato. 
 SolOmon (m.), Solomon. 
 Acerra (m.), Acerra. 
 Palaemon (m.), Palcemon. 
 Marcus (m.), Marcus, ox Mark. 
 Dam6cles(w.), Damocles. 
 Alcibiades, (m.) t Alcibiades. 
 
 Hannibal (m.), JIannibaL 
 Antonius (m.), Antony. 
 Nero (m.), Nero. 
 Archelaiis (m.), Archelaus. 
 Ag£sliaus (m.), Agesilaus. 
 Dionysius (m.), Dionysius. 
 Vespasianus (m.), Vespasian. 
 Demosthenes (m.), Demosthenes. 
 Codrus (m.), Codrus. 
 Xenophon (w.), Xenophon. 
 Datames (m.), Datames. 
 Cleopatra (/. ), Cleopatra. 
 
 I ougbt to read. You ought to write. Every man must 
 die. 1 may be learned. You may be happy. He may be 
 fortunate. Can you write ? You cannot write, can you ? 
 You can write, can you not ? Can you write, or not ? The 
 soul cannot perish. Every man may err. The stag can run 
 swiftly. A soldier must be brave. A boy ought to be mo- 
 dest. You may be learned, if you choose. No one, who is 
 lazy, can be learned. An idle pupil cannot therefore be 
 learned. A sick man cannot be quite happy. An advocate 
 should be prudent but daring. A man may be pious and righ- 
 teous, though humble and obscure. This is the flower that 1 
 is called a rose. He who is prudent and laborious, is gene- 
 rally a good citizen. A thing that 2 is good, is sometimes 
 unpleasant. A poor man who is contented, is happy. A 
 pupil who reads much, is an assiduous scholar. 
 
 Rem.— (1) The flower that is called a rose, flos qua rosa dicitur-. 
 When the relative qui, quae, quod, connects, by means of to be or a verb 
 of calling or saying, two nouns of different genders, it sometimes agrees 
 
.FIRST LATIK COITEfeE. 81 
 
 with either of them, as stella quae (or qui) Phaethon dicitur, the star 
 that is called Phaeton. Generally, however, the relative agrees with 
 ; the noun that follows, rather than with the antecedent, as globus 
 quae terra dicitur, the globe that is called the earth. 
 
 (2) A thing that is good, quae res est bona. The relative qui may 
 be placed in one or other of the following positions : — 
 
 Puer qui legit, 
 
 Qui puer legit, >est industrius. 
 
 Puer qui puer legit, J 
 The first of these positions is common, the second elegant, and the 
 third rare. "When, however, a relative clause is fully expressed, the 
 noun before the relative is repeated after it, as in the third of these 
 examples; but usually, this repetition is avoided by using a form of the 
 pronoun is, ea, id, thus : puer qui legit, is puer est industrius. In 
 like manner id is often elegantly used with quod put fur what, as 
 habeo id quod vides, / have what you see. (For the arrangement of 
 words generally, see Kem. 1, Ex. 106, and for construction of relative, 
 eee Eem. 2, Ex. 86.) 
 
 122. 
 
 imb(adv.\ I 
 
 etiam (adv.), J yes% 
 
 im.6 certe, yes, certainly. 
 
 imo gtiam, yes, assuredly so. 
 
 ita vero, yes, to be sure. 
 
 fta est, it is even so, — yes, quite so. 
 
 non (adv.), 1 
 
 mini me (adv.) J n0m 
 
 minime, minime, no, no — not at all — by no means 
 
 ml nl me vero, ) ' . ' , , . , 
 
 minime gentium, \ n0 > not m the l€ast " wh P ™> 
 
 nihilominus^^.), nothing less, \ assuredhjnot 
 nemo minus, no one less (so), S ' J 
 
 haudquaquam (adv.) not very — no, certainly not. 
 nequaquam (adv.), not at all — no, by no means. 
 
 Dixistine id? — Dixi. 1 Legitne puer? — Legit. Tune 
 me vis ? — ISTon. Estne ilia tua sententia ? — Imo. 2 Num 
 haec avis eadem est ? — £Ton est. Tene delectat hie nun- 
 tius ? — Minime. Potesne scribere ? — Nequaquam. Nonne 
 potes scribere ? — Ita vero. Num est dominus severus ? — 
 Minimi gentium. Mene putas simulacrum esse ? — Nihilo- 
 minus. Estne amicitia nostra vobis cara ? — Imo etiam. 
 Num. est equus niger ? — Haudquaquam. Nonne est mors 
 
82 ahn's method, 
 
 certa? — Ita est. Estne ilia regina ipsa? — Minimi, mi- 
 nime. Estne hie canis tuus ? — Meus est. An est hie 
 filius mens ? — Hie est. Meus filius, meus Chremes venit? 
 — Sic est, ut dixi. An ille id non videt ? — Minimi ver6. 
 Hie liber idem est ? — Non, alius est. Num formidolosus j 
 frater ? — Nemo minus. Via nequaquam est bona, difficilis 
 enim et nimis angusta est. 
 
 Rem. — (1 ) Dixi, / said, I did say, or yes, I did. Generally in reply 
 to a question in Latin, the verb of the question is used alone, or with 
 non if the reply is negative. In English we use the auxiliary may, 
 can, do, or did, leaving the verb understood, but as no such particles 
 exist in Latin, the verb must be put as above. One or other of the 
 locutions at the head of this exercise may, however, be used instead, 
 as, Venitne frater?— Minime vero. Did your brother come? — Why, 
 no, i. e. No, he did not. 
 
 (2) Imo, yes. A question is sometimes answered affirmatively by 
 imo or etiam alone, and negatively by non, just as yes and no are used 
 in English, but one of the compound locutions is more usual; 
 thus instead of imo or etiam, the adverb ita (so) with est very fre* 
 quently occurs, as, Asperum est vinum ? Is the wine tart f Ita est, 
 it is even so, i. e. yes, it is. 
 
 123. 
 
 Perindulgens, 1 very indulgent. 
 Peramplus, a, um, very spacious. 
 Permagnus, a, um, very large. 
 Perantiquus, a, um, very ancient. 
 Prseclarus, a, um, very illustrious. 
 Fcedus, a, Mm. foul, filthy. 
 Perdltus, a, um, lost, dissolute. 
 Profusus, a, um, extravagant. 
 Fessus, a, um, tired, wearied, 
 Jurgiosus, a, um, quarrelsome. 
 Inglorius, a, um, contemptible. 
 Perpetuus, a, um, perpetual, con- 
 tinual. 
 
 Dirus, a, um, fatal. 
 Glaucus, a, um, grey. 
 Nimius, a, um, too much. 
 Sacrus, a, lira, sacred. 
 Profanus, a, um, profane. 
 Notus, a, um, known. 
 Humidus, a, um, damp. , 
 Plenus, a, um,fidl. 
 Tener, era, erum, tender. 
 Castus, a, um, chaste. 
 Press us, a, um, pressed. 
 Caucus, a, um, blind. 
 Nftvus, a, um, new, fresh. 
 
 Eem. — (1) The particle per or pra, when prefixed to an adjective, 
 has the power of very, and most adjectives are susceptible of taking 
 this particle. 
 
 Did you come yesterday ? — Yes, I did. Does the boy 
 write ? — Yes, he does. Is the old woman silly ? — No. Can 
 you run ? — Yes. You cannot run, can you ? — No, I cannot 
 
FIEST LATIN COUESE, 83 
 
 j 2ou can run, can you not ? — Yes, I can. Can you run, or 
 | lot ? — I can. Does this book please you ? — Yes, it does. Is 
 J ;his weight the same ? — No, it is not. Is the wine mellow F-— 
 Ees, it is. Is your exercise difficult ? — Not very. You are 
 1 1 Soman, are you not? — Yes, assuredly so. Were you for- 
 I nerly a soldier? — No, I was not. Is your country dear to 
 tfou? — Yes, certainly. Is that our brother? — Yes, it is. 
 j [s that boy your brother ? — Yes, he is. Is your neighbour 
 J)bliging? — No one less so. Is the water pure? — Yes, quite 
 j ;o. Am I the guilty person ? — No, assuredly not. Did you 
 J say that the wine was white ? — No, I did not. Phocion was ? 
 Very illustrious Athenian citizen. 
 
 I 
 
 124. 
 
 Essem, I were, I be., or wculd be. 
 
 Esses, thou wert, beest, or wouldst be ; also you were, be, or would be, 
 
 'Esset, he were, be, or would be. 
 
 Fuissem, / had been, or would have been. 
 
 Fuisses, thou hadst been, also you had, ox would have been. 
 
 Fuisset, he had been, or ivould have been. 
 
 Quin tu sseplus legis ? Quis hie erat f nonne pater meus ? 
 
 Hie liber non est idem, alius est. Totum negotium erat valde 
 
 difficile. Pater severus est, mater autem perindulgens. 
 
 iEdificium templum est perantiquum et peramplum. Si 
 I essem rex, ciemens essem. Si amicus esses meus, Isetus 
 ! essem. Nisi frater esset industrius, pauper esset. Si fuis- 
 i sem prudens, dives fuissem, Si non superbus fuisses, non 
 j esses exul. Si mercator fuisset bellicosus, miles fuisset. 
 
 Puer sapiens non est piger, nam si piger esset, non esset 
 j sapiens. Munis satis firmus esse potest, satis altus vero 
 i non est. Omnis homo debet quidem mori, sed unus diutius 
 i quam alter vivere potest. Nulla amicitia vera et perennis, 
 I quae non est sincera. Yicinus nihil nisi quod ipse dicit 
 [rectum putat. Nihil quod est utile omnino est tetru.ni. 
 j Quid mihi dixisti ? Nihil tibi dixi. 1 
 
 Rem. (1) Nihil tibi dixi, I did not say anything to you. Anything is 
 
84 aitn's method 
 
 sometimes rendered by quicquam (See Ex. 45), and sometimes by quid 
 (S'.>e Ex. 78); but when used in English with a negative, it is rendered 
 in Latin by nihil, as nihil dixi, / said nothing, i.e., I did not say 
 anything. (For construction of .Negations, see also Hems, Ex. 100 
 and 117). 
 
 125. 
 
 Mflneta (/.), } 
 
 Kumus (m.), a coin, > money. } 
 Ms (n ), brass, bronze^} 
 iEs ali en urn (n.), debt. 
 Gens (/), a tribe, nation. 
 Gens humana (f), mankind. 
 Pextra (/•)» the right hand. 
 Sinistra (/), the left hand. 
 Injuria (/.), a wrong, ox injury. 
 Ordo (m.), order, discipline. 
 Tabernarnlum (n.), a tent. 
 Ser vitus (/.), bondage. 
 
 Virgo (/.), a virgin. 
 Deceptio (/.), deceit. 
 Fuluien (n.), lightning. 
 Alpha (n.), alpha. 
 omega (n.), omega. 
 Janua (/.), « gale. 
 Scurra (c. g.), a buffoon. 
 Pignus (n.), a pledge. 
 Insulanus (m), an islander, 
 Vicissltudo (/.), variation 
 Probitas (/.), probity. 
 Impietas (/.), impiety. 
 
 Hem. — (1) Money, when it signifies a single coin, or an entire sum, 
 is rendered by numus or nummus ; but in speaking of money generally, 
 sometimes moneta, and still more frequently pecunia is used The former 
 signifies properly, a stamp or impression, hence it is used to express 
 the pieces of metal or coins that are stamped, and consequently money. 
 The noun pecunia is derived from pecus (a sheep), that animal having 
 been represented on some of the early Roman coins, so that, etymolo- 
 gically, there is no difference between moneta and pecunia. The names 
 of the metals are likewise used in Latin as in English, to signify money, 
 thus, argentum and <zs imply silver and copper money respectively. 
 
 (2) Many Latin wotyis have no exact equivalent in English, and in 
 the same w T ay some English words will have to be rendered by a circum- 
 locution ; thus, the noun debt, though itself a derivative of the Latin 
 debitum, is more usually expressed by the compound noun aes alienum, 
 the money of others, or other peoples money. (See Rem. Ex. 28.) 
 
 What do you want ? I do not want anything. I did not j 
 want anything. Unless I were a soldier, I would be a sailor. 
 If you were a soldier, you \^ould be cruel. If my brother 
 were rich, he would be generous. If I had been more indus- 
 trious, I should have been less wretched. If you had not 
 been diligent, you would not have been so learned. If the 
 weather had been stormy, I should have been timid. Debt 
 is a bitter bondage. One coin is more valuable than an- 
 other. A great deal of money is not always desirable. Is 
 this money ours or yours ? Brass is a useful, but by no! 
 means a precious metal. The Briton is generally a brave andj 
 
T-rRST IATIN COURSE. 85 
 
 ipright mars, but he is often rude and irascible. Perhaps 
 f;he islander is not quite so bad as he is said to be. Every 
 Briton, at least, is not rude and irascible. 
 
 126. 
 
 gt (conj.y ^ 
 hciconj.y [ nd s 
 Atque (conj.), f 
 Que {conj.), J 
 
 Rem. — (1) Et and que are used to couple words and sentences gene- 
 rally ; but que connects them more emphatically than et. When et 
 is used in joining principal clauses, que is employed in connecting those 
 that are subordinate. Que is likewise much used in connecting single 
 words ; under all circumstances it is enclitic, and is generally appended 
 to the second of the two words it joins. 
 
 (2) Atque and ac are mostly used in connecting words that have 
 some relation in common, as clay and night; atque usually (but not 
 always) precedes a word beginning with a vowel, and ac one that be- 
 gins with a consonant, except c. As regards the junction of single 
 words, que may, m most cases, be used for ac and atque, as mayis ac 
 mayis. magis atque magis, or magis mapisque. 
 
 (3) The conjunction and is used in Latin very much as in English, 
 "but it is often repeated by the classic writers before each of words joined, 
 
 as ego et tu et ille, you, he, and I. Very often it is elegantly dropped, 
 as veni, vidi, vici. / came, I saw, and I conquered, 
 
 Miles et mereator. Miles ac nauta. Ortus atque obitus. 
 Mors ac vita. Bom us atque horreum. Beneficium ac 
 munificentia. Magnus atque humilis. Geometria ac ma- 
 
 'Spinalis scientia. Yehemens feroxque natura. Tutempus, 
 tuque invidiosa vetusta. Templum magnum signumque 
 pulchrum. Amicitia, illud sanctum ac venerabile nomen. 
 
 -Humilis domus, umbrosaque ripa. Argentum atque aurum, 
 lsenaque, togaque. Prater meus for tis atque animosusest. 
 Yirtus est clara seternaque. Mmis bella es atque amabilis. 
 Filia est pulchra, probaque* Studium est mihi perfugium ac 
 solatium. Usee vestis levis atque splendida est. Fama est 
 xnendax veloxque. Forma est fluxa atque fragilis. Amo te, 
 
 i indies plus plus plusque te amo. Difficilis, facilis, jucundu3, 
 acerbusque est idem. Parvula formica haud ignara ac in- 
 cauta est, Si vis esse amicus meus, tua amicitia firma 
 
 H 
 
86 
 
 AHN S METHOD. 
 
 sinccraque esse debet. Epaminondas erat modestus, pru* 
 dens, gravis ; idem continens, clemens, patiensque erat. 
 
 127. 
 
 Cincinnatus (»».), Cincinnatus. 
 Cynegirus (m.), Cynegirus. 
 Paul us (wi.), Paul. 
 Timotheus (jn.) f Timotheus or 
 
 Timothy. 
 Vesta (/.), Vesta. 
 AntKgSne (/.), Antigone. 
 AntigOnus (m,), Autigonus. 
 Titus (m.) 9 Titus. 
 Darius (m.), Curius. 
 Ascanius (m.), Ascanius. 
 Zaleucus (m.), Zaleucus, 
 Chris tus (ra.), Christ. 
 
 Cicero and Caesar. 
 <3rime. Land and sea. 
 
 Hipparchus (m.), Hipparchus. 
 Mfctiscus (m.), Metiscus. 
 Turnus (m.), Tumus. 
 Harmodius (m.), Harmodius. 
 Corinthus (/.), Corinth. 
 Pan (m.), Paw. 
 Neptunus (m.), Neptune. 
 Darius (m.), Darius. 
 Naavius (m.), Ncevius. 
 Pisistratus (m.), Pisistratus. 
 Herodotus (m.), Herodotus 
 Tullus (m.), 7W^s, 
 
 Bhea (/.), jR^a 
 
 Body and mind. Punishment and 
 Truth and love. This river is broad 
 and swift. Charity is now more and more necessary. Your 
 book delights me more and more. The son or daughter is 
 ill. 1 If the ruler is cruel and heartless, the state rarely is 
 safe. Vesta and the earth is the same. Zaleucus was an 
 upright man, and a faithful servant. Pisistratus was a pri- 
 vate individual, but an illustrious citizen. Antigone was a 
 pious and dutiful daughter. Marcus Curius was a remark- 
 able man, and a celebrated Soman consul. Antigonus was a 
 skilful general, but not a well- disciplined man. The city of 
 Corinth is no longer gseat and opulent. Titus, the Eoman 
 emperor, was an enlightened and affable man. Pan is a less 
 venerable deity than Neptune. Herodotus wa£ a learned 
 Greek, and a celebrated author. Darius was a great, but un- 
 fortunate king. Perhaps Darius would have been safe, had 
 he been less warlike. 
 
 Rem. — 1. The son or daughter is ill, films aut filia ceger est. 
 When a conjunction couples two nouns of different genders, the adjec- 
 tive agrees with the masculine in preference to the feminine, and with 
 the feminine in preference to the neuter. Sometimes, howe'/er, the ad- 
 jective is made to agree with the last noun, as pater aut mater mortua 
 est, the father or mother is dead. When both nouns are inanimate,! 
 the adjective may either agree with the last or he put in the neuter,; 
 as murus vel turris alta (or altum) est, the wall or tower is Ugh. (See 
 Bern. 1, Ex. 81.) 
 
FTBST LATIN C0UBSE. 
 
 87 
 
 128. 
 
 Tam-quam, ? m 
 
 lain-ut, J 
 
 ut-slc, } 
 
 ut-ita, ) 
 
 JEque-ac, ^ as-as, as well as, 
 
 atque-atque, $ so much as. 
 
 Tan t us- quail tus, so great as. 
 
 Talis-qualis, such as, as-so. 
 
 either- or. 
 
 Aut- aut, "I 
 
 Vel-vel, j 
 
 Nec-nec, I neither . nor 
 
 JNeque-neque, 5 
 
 et-et t as well as, both, and. 
 
 Hic-ille, the former -the latter* 
 
 alius-alius, one -another. 
 
 Alter-alter, the one-the other. 
 
 Et ego et Carolus. Aut Caesar aut nullus. Hie vel 
 Graecus vel Romanus est. Neque corpus, neque animus. 
 Neo incautus sum nee ignarus. Hoc est mutabile, illud 
 immutabiie. Qualis homo, talis oratio. Yicinus meus est talis, 
 qualis semper fuit. Crimen non est tantum quantum putas. 
 Tuus amicus et fui et sum. Juno erat et soror et conjux. 
 ^Tomen et invidiosum et obscurum est. Nihil me aeque ac 
 studium delectat. Cyrus asque magnus fuit ac pater. Equus 
 niger seque formosus atque albus est. Alius est beatus, 
 alius autem miser. Alter semper magnus, alter scepe turpis 
 fuit. Nihil tarn vile, neque tarn turpe est quam calumnia. 
 Quis tarn perditus ac profusus nepos, ut fuit Sextus Nasvius ? 
 Ut hoc vinum est acre, sic illud est suave. Fortuna non 
 est seque, quod omnis est contentus. Ut volebas, ita 1 est. 
 Et pater et mater mortua est. 2 
 
 Rem. — (1) Ita est, so it is. So, when it refers to something actu- 
 ally named before, is rendered by sic or ceoue, but when so refers to 
 something supposed, implied, or to follow, it is rendered by ita. When, 
 in comparison, superiority or inferiority is implied, so is rendered by 
 torn, and when equality is expressed, by ceque or qualis. At the end of 
 a sentence, so is usually dropped, as si vis esse amicus meus, esse potes, 
 if you wish to be my friend, you may be so. In some constructions, 
 however, so final is rendered by id or item, as, haec regio olim palus- 
 tris erat, nunc non ita, this region was formerly marshy, now it is 
 not so. 
 
 (2) Et pater et mater, both my father and mother. When et or 
 turn repeated couples two nouns, the verb and adjective agrees with 
 the last, as et pater et mater mortua est, both my father and mother is 
 dead (not are dead.) 
 
85 
 
 AHN S METHOD. 
 
 129. 
 
 Mrjr, speak, tell, 
 ?■ 1 6 m e d t o , r c 01 ember. 
 ' .:. I have lost. 
 .':i, / EfrtZJ ^tW pper, 
 a'.it, Ae, .sAe, or i£ nourishes, 
 
 tit, fe, sAi, or »/ overthrows, 
 rat, Ac-, ste, or ft oversha- 
 dows, 
 
 :•, or & mimics, 
 ir, fo, sfo, or {/ threatens. 
 atttr, fte, sfe, or ?7 accom- 
 panies. 
 
 r, fo, 'Ae, or &/ comforts, 
 I atur, /^. .s/r? ; or t/ consoles. 
 
 ir, &£, *^j or z7 wanders. 
 
 Mdratnr, Ae, 5^e, or i/ delays. 
 
 Habuit, Ae, »Ag, or z'/ Aa<i. 
 
 Libera vit, /<e, sAe, e7 delivered, set j 
 
 a£ liberty, or rescued. 
 Ptitavit, Ae, sAe, or ^ thought. 
 Praestabat, Ae, she, or it surpassed. 
 Allevabat, /??, sAe, or ^ raised. 
 Dedit, As, she,or it gave, or pledged. 
 Cepit, he, she, it took, captured or 
 
 held. 
 Comprehendit, he, she, or it seized. 
 Reliquit, he, she. or it left, 
 Extfilit, he, she, or it was buried. 
 Porrigebat, he, she, or it stretched 
 forth. 
 
 You are not ho learned as I. Your queen is as harsh as 
 your king. I am such as I hare always been. My friend 
 is the name now as he was before. INTo one was ever so 
 eorru.pt as he. As the mind is, SO is the body. Both the 
 kinrr and I. You as well as your brother. My neighbour is 
 either a soldier or a sailor. Either I am a fool, or the news 
 is false. Food nourishes. Say always what you think. 
 
 never lost anything. Indigence quite overshadows you, 
 G )d overthrows and preserves. Study comforts and consoles 
 me. Who was buried P I do not know. What did the so]- 
 U'(^j-]\ forth P What did he raise P What did he leave I 
 What did he give to you? He did not give me anything 
 Sorrow accompanies delays and threatens me. Your pupii 
 sometimes mimics you, but he continually trusts to you and 
 loves you. One is more' industrious than another. The one 
 is diligent, but the other 1 as negligent as possible. 
 
 r. — (1) As after tam, talis, tantus, lot, is rendered by quam, qualis, 
 
 , qu5t, respectively, but ut may be used instead of qtfam, thus 
 
 f rater nan est tarn diligent (puna (or ut soror). After ceque, as is ren- 
 
 by atque, before a vowel, and by <>c before ?» consonant, out quan 
 
 may be used for atque and ut, thus: f rater ccque diligent est ac (oi 
 
 quam) loror, After idem, as is generally rendered by qui, que, quo/ 
 
 Rem. J'-x. 87) ; but fflgfte or ac may be used instead of the rela 
 
 tive, thus: frater non idem est qua (or 00) eoror. As when follows 
 
 by possible is generally rendered by grwdwn ma#/ml,as; Excelsus quan 
 
 to fo 0J haughty as po%sible% Sometimes 04 is put in; 
 
FIEST LATIN COtJKSE. 89 
 
 English for when or whilst, in which case it is rendered by quum, cum 
 or dum, thus ; dum ante ostium sto, as / stand before the door. Un- 
 der most other circumstances, as may be rendered by ut, as : Ita fuit 
 honoratus, ut nemo unquarn, no one was ever so honoured as he* 
 
 _ 
 
 130. 
 
 O {interjly O ! 
 Oh (inter?.), Oh! 
 
 Heu (inter j.), Alas I 
 
 Ehodum (inter y.). Hallo now ! 
 
 Ave 2 (verb § inter j.), Hail! Health to you! 
 
 Salve (verb §• inter j.\ Hail! Welcome! 
 
 Vale 3 (verb <|" interj.), Farewell ! 
 
 Bene vale (intei'j.). Good bye! 
 
 Rem. — (1) The interjection ! is generally understood in Latin, 
 .but is sometimes expressed. 
 
 (2) Ave and salve are imperative forms of obsolete verbs, and pro- 
 perly signify, be well, or be in health. These words, however, are 
 mostly used as a salutation at meeting, and when so put, stand for such 
 .English greetings, as Good morning ! How are you $ 
 
 (3) Vale is properly an imperative form of the verb valere, to be 
 well or strong ; but is the usual parting salutation, answering to Good 
 evening ! Adieu ! and similar locutions. 
 
 Ave soror ! Salve frater ! Oh festus dies ! Ehodum, quid 
 dicis ? Heu, quam molesta est egestas Amicus fidelis gene- 
 rosusque, salve ! fortuna, ut nunquam tu es perpetub 
 ;bona ! Si hsec est tua sententia, bene vale. Usee res valde 
 est obscura. Rex emuino beatus admodum est rarus. Ca- 
 talina, ille vir iniquus, prsecipuus fuit conjuratus. Mihi 
 argento opus est. Duce mihi et monitore opus est. Et 
 earitate et honore opus est. Campus fertilis immensusque 
 ?sse dicitur. Dominus vinctus est, servus autem liber. 
 Hannibal dux erat peritus, clarusque, nequaquam verd 
 felix. ISTon omnis dux felix esse potest. Omnis homo est 
 mortalis, sive dives sive pauper. Pater tuus admodum seve- 
 rus esse videtur. Utinam omnis pater esset Justus et 
 severus ! "Or 6s Syracusse perantiqua peramplaque fuit. Ibi 
 omne sedificium et publicum et privatum, sacrum, pro* 
 fonumqus imichrum fuit. 
 
 n 3 
 
90 
 
 Ahn's method. 
 
 131. 
 
 Repetitio (/.), repetition, practice, 
 Commendatio (/.). commendation. 
 Conditio (/!), condition. 
 opinio (/•), an opinion. 
 odor (m.). a smell, or scent, 
 Patientia (/.), patience. 
 Villa (/.), a country-house. 
 Corona (/,), a crown, or chaplet, 
 Contumelia (/.), an affront. 
 Auxiliator (m.), an ally, 
 Garrulttas (/.), prattle. 
 Remedium (n.), a \ 
 
 Lftera 1 (/.), a letter. 
 Dictum (n.), a saying. 
 iter («.), a journey. 
 Testudo (/), a tortoise. 
 Cfilex {m.), a gnat. 
 Felis (/.), a c«jf. 
 Aer (?».), Me at>. 
 Natio (/.), a nation. 
 Stannum («.), fin. 
 Sagitta (/.), an arrow. 
 Pietas (f), piety. 
 Rector (m.), a rw&r. 
 
 Good morning, Acerra! Good evening, Chremcs ! O in- 
 satiable time, how envious yon are! Is your name 2 Popi- 
 lius? What noise is that ? 3 The crown is a regal insignia. 
 Patience is a praiseworthy virtue. Is that your opinion ? 
 No, it is not. The cat is a useful, but deceitful animal. A 
 journey if too long is generally fatiguing. Too much praise 
 is almost an affront. If a nation is cruel, it is never safe, 
 The gnat is a hideous and annoying insect. No creature is 
 so slow as the tortoise, or so swift as the stag. Is a sweet 
 scent agreeable to you ? Every smell is not sweet, nor is 
 every perfume agreeable. If the site is cheerful, the villa 
 itself is cheerful likewise. A single letter is sometimes a 
 short word. A small book is often as good as a large one.^ 
 Every book is more or less useful, 5 small as well as large. 
 Truly that life, as it is called, of yours 6 is death. 
 
 Rem. 1. — The noun litera is sometimes written littera 9 or lettera, by 
 the poets. 
 
 (2) Is your name Popilius ? Estne tibi nomen Popilius. In 
 speaking of anything very closely associated with one's own person, | 
 the possessives my, your, our, are rendered by the Latin datives mihi, 
 tibi, nobis, vobis, as, nomen Popilius est mihi, the name Popilius is to 
 me, i.e., my name is Popilius. (See Hem. Ex. 104.) 
 
 (3) What noise is that? Quis clamor est ? The demonstrative pro 
 nouns this and that, are often understood in questions after a form oi 
 the verb to be. 
 
 (4) As a large one, ac magnus. The particle one, when used aftei 
 adjectives in English, is not expressed in Latin ; e. g. equus albus a3qu 
 bonus est ac niger, a white horse is as good as a black one. (For othei 
 ellipses of this kind, see Hems. Ex. 90, Ex. 96 ; Rem. 2, Ex. 104 ; Rem, 
 1, Ex. 118, and Rem. 3, Ex. 126.) 
 
FIRST LATIN COURSE 91 
 
 (5) More or less useful, plus minus utilis. In the locution more or 
 less, the conjunction or is usually dropped in Latin, as, onmis homo plus 
 minus est pius, every man is moke or less godly. 
 
 (6) That life of yours, vestra vita. In such locutions as this book of 
 mine, the compound possessives of mine, of thine, of ours, of yours, 
 are rendered by the simple Latin possessives meus, tuus, suus, vester, 
 noster, sometimes with the demonstrative ille, and sometimes without, 
 as, nescio menm illud iter, / do not know this route of mine. 
 
 132. 
 
 -Aureus, a, um, of gold, golden. 
 
 Ligneus, a, um, of wood, wooden. 
 
 Ferreus, a, um, of iron. 
 
 Lapideus, a, um, of stone. 
 
 aheneus, a, um, of brass, brazen. 
 
 Konnullus, a, um, some. 
 
 Nexus, a, um, linked together. 
 '' Temperatus, a, um, temperate, 
 
 mild. 
 
 ^ editus, a, um, published, pro- 
 nounced. 
 
 Yalidus, a, um, strong, stout* 
 
 Exiguus, a, um, small, puny. 
 
 Astutus, a, um, astute, politic. 
 Natus, a, um, born. 
 Maritimus, a, um, maritime. 
 Immodicus, a,um, excessive. 
 amarus, a, um, bitter. 
 Strenuus, a, um, energetic. 
 Futurus, a, um, future. 
 Falsus, a, um, false. 
 Assuetus, a, um, accustomed. 
 Diibius, a, um, doubtful. 
 egregius, a, um, exemplary. 
 Beutus, a, um, abounding. 
 Cujus, a, um, whose. 
 
 Aliud medicamentum est suave, aliud vero am arum. 
 Bellum adhuc dubium et incertum est. Simulacrum est 
 ligneum, forma verum singularis et eximia. Liber cujus 
 est? Is'on omnis liber qui . est editus utilis est. Utirjam 
 omnis liber utilis esset ! Britannia civitas eximia mari- 
 tima est. Homo ad industriam natu's est. Nonnulla" pars 
 est grata, nonnulla in grata. Quod ineptum est, nequaquam 
 est laudandum. Usee amnis quamquam exigua, alta est et 
 celeris. Labor est sanus, immodicus vero labor valde 
 j noxius. Si dictum est verum, prseceptum mendax esse debet. 
 Praesidium quamquam vaiidum, expugnari tameu potest. 
 Quis tarn perditus ac pravus conjuratus fuit quam Catalina ? 
 Si frater tuus plerumque est diligens, nunc quidem otiosus 
 esse videtur. Dux peritus interdum melior est quam murus 
 aheneus. JEdificium ligneum non est tarn perenne, quam 
 lapideum. Annulus hie ferreus est, 1 alter autem aureus. 
 
 Bem. — Annulus hie ferreus est, this is an iron ring. In such locu- 
 tions as an iron ring, a stone bridge, the first noun is rendered by the 
 Corresponding Latin adjective 
 
133. 
 
 Oeeasio (/.), 00010011, o pportu n i ty, < 
 Ingeninm (*.), capacity, disposition, learning. 
 
 Bes rcffitsris (/.) **-«*— **w~ -* - "---■-■- 
 
 _. idrupes («-)» a Jtars? or other domestic animal, a qwadrup. , 
 Dementia (/.), madness, stupidity, foolishness. 
 
 A stone statue is not so durable as an iron one. An iron 
 ring is not so raluable as a gold one. The unwritten law 1 is 
 ■onetimes mora useful than the written law. Z I mm 
 B : : been too proud, he would not have been an exile. F amily 
 and ability alone are 2 nothing. Is the soldier who is tired 
 and wounded an old man ? Do you really wish to be learr. 
 — Tea, certainly. Is that your cloak* — Yes mine. Is 
 
 jom friend iz "..': '.- — -.. not very. Your neighbour is not 
 disobliging, is he ? — No, not in the least. A : dtion that 
 u no! tractable, b never docile. I"::; firiend .3. hie 
 
 enough, though his expression is surly. Verres. the Soman 
 lieutenant-general, was a dissolute and extravagant man. The 
 art of war is not only useful, but sometimes very necessary. 
 If the enterprise u praiseworthy and the opportunity favour- 
 able, there ought to be no delaying, ^"ere every ruler 3 just 
 and prudent, human society would be mueh more cheerful 
 than it now is. 
 
 Rxif. — ( 1) The unu iaj eetms eo msma ded with 
 
 tot, as snfi&e, undone, u nwritte n, are often best ran lered by the simple 
 h nan, as, lex non scripta, ffo unwritten lav:. 
 oiking, say, is nothing. See Bern. 1, Ez. 127. and Eem. 2, 
 
 a - •:_..• 
 
 if every ruler were. In English the 
 
 r-7-ei. &ni tie - ::' or auxiliary placed 
 
 i /, for »/ / 
 
 used, *i will hare tc be supplied in 
 
 
 j (f».), a disease, or malady. 
 a (a.), decease, destruction. 
 
 '■'-.._. a v : : : 
 
 is^r/i), a s msii Jtfn 
 
 iy*r. 
 Lapillus [rn 
 
 >. *-•.-■.-.■ '/.. . imitation. 
 
FIliST LATIN COURSE. 93 
 
 &riens (m.), the east. 
 Lac (n.), milk. 
 Sitis (/.), thirst. 
 abies (/.), a fir-tree, 
 onus («.), # burden. 
 Yelura (n.), cfo^A. 
 
 Astrum (w.), a star. 
 oleum (??.), o«/. 
 Off Icium (n.), *fr/ty. 
 Pectus (n.), tfAe breast. 
 Somnus (w.), s/eep. 
 Casa (/.), # cottage. 
 
 Quae hs3c dementia est ? Heu, astrum meum sinistrum ! 
 Mors ferreus est sumnus. Condi men turn oleum est utile. 
 Si morbus est gravis, mors manet. Hie furor verus est, 
 non imitatio. Yelox delphinus semper hilaris et festus est. 
 JSTemus frigidum umbrosumque gaudium est meum. Augur 
 ante exitium signum dat. Beneficium ssepe est panpertas, 
 non onus. Manus est liberalis, si pectus generosum est. 
 Ssepe mendicus seque beatus est atque imperator, Nescio 
 quare tristis sis, quamvis salus satis robusta est tu.a. Plerum- 
 que velum si crassum et asperum perenne est. Poena cap- 
 tivitas ncn tarn dura est quam exilium. Est meum officium 
 pium ac probum esse. Populus ilia non est tarn alta et pro- 
 cera quam hxc abies. Hon omnis arbor alta est et procera. 
 Pamulus noster paulo est remissus, eximius autem coquus. 
 Ubinam 1 consul est, rogo ? 
 
 Kem. — (1) Ubinam consul est ? Where is the consul f The particle 
 nam is frequently appended to quis, quid, and ubi when put interro- 
 gatively. Nam properly signifies by name, so that ubinam stands for 
 in what place byname, i.e. what is the name of the place ? 
 
 135. 
 
 Urbarms, a, Mm, of or belonging to I Mediocris, e, passable, middling -, 
 a city, urbane, polite. j tolerable. 
 
 In what place is my book ? The boy does not believe what 
 he says. My brother not only did not come, but he did not 
 jeven write. Old age is generally grave and steady. What 
 lis cruel is always offensive to me. The court-house is open, 
 is it not ? A prudent king is never invidious or unjust. The 
 whole of this region is rugged and barren. JSTo wind is so 
 agreeable as the west wind. A sensible boy is never slothful 
 or remiss. This letter of yours, though passable, is by no 
 means correctly written. A sailor is sometimes an extrava- 
 gant spendthrift, but rarely a miser, A boy who is a buffoon 
 is generally a fool also. Do not therefore be a buffoon. We 
 ought always to be affable, courteous, and polite. 
 
 s 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 PARTS OF SPEECH. 
 
 As in English, all the words of the Latin language are 
 divided into eight classes termed *■ Parts of Speech/ These 
 are : 
 
 (1) Nouns or words that express anything that exists or can be made 
 the subject of discourse, whether tangible, as ddmus (a house), or in 
 tangible, as dolor (grief). 
 
 Rem. — Nouns, when tangible, are more properly termed substantives, 
 but the word noun is usually employed to signify both. 
 
 (2) Adjectives or words used in expressing the qualities of nouns, 
 as bonus (good), prdvus {bad). 
 
 Rem. — In the locution a growing crop, the word growing qualifies 
 the noun crop, and is consequently an adjective ; but in the phrase the 
 crop is growing, the word growing expresses an act rather than 
 quality, and is consequently a verb. Those words that are adjectives 
 when used in one way, and verbs when used in another, are termed 
 participles, such are excellens [excelling or excellent), captus (having 
 captured or caught), and all similar words. 
 
 3. Pronouns or words used to supply the place of nouns, as is, ea, 
 Id (he, she, it). 
 
 4. Verbs or words that express an act or state, as ccedere (to strike), 
 pati (to suffer). 
 
 5. Adverbs or words used to extend the meaning of verbs or to 
 qualify adjectives, as valde (very), bene (well), fide liter (faithfully) 
 
 6. Prepositions or words used to denote the relations between other 
 words, as infra (below) , super (above), ante (before). 
 
 Rem. — Prepositions are sometimes used as adverbs, and vice versa, 
 
 7. Conjunctions or words used in connecting other words and sen- 
 tences, as 6-7 (if) j it (and), sed (but). 
 
 8. Interjections, or ejaculatory particles, used in expressing some 
 emotion of the mind, as lieu (Alas /), e/wdum (hallo there /). 
 
 Of the eight parts of speech, four, viz. nouns, adjectives, 
 pronouns and yerbs, vary in form; the others are in- 
 variable. 
 
APPENDIX. 95 
 
 In the Exercises the following abbreviations are used to 
 distinguish the parts of speech : 
 
 Sub. substantive or noun. Adv. adverb. 
 
 Adj. adjective. Prep, preposition. 
 
 Pron. pronoun. Conj. conjunction. 
 
 V. verb. Interj. interjection. 
 
 NOUNS. 
 The word noun means name, and properly signifies ad- 
 jectives and pronouns as well as substantives. The words 
 .of the first part of speech are properly called noun- sub st an* 
 jives, but for the sake of brevity the word noun or substan- 
 tive alone is used, to denote what is signified by the term 
 [noun-substantive. 
 
 CLASSES. 
 
 Nouns are divided into the following classes : 
 
 Common. Substantives that name anything that has size and form, 
 
 as damns {a house), equus (a horse), are termed Common nouns. 
 Abstract. Those that express qualities, attributes or passions, as 
 
 forma (beauty), virtus (manliness), amor (love), are termed Abstract 
 
 7WUUS. 
 
 Proper. Names of persons and places, as Dls (Pluto), Carthago 
 (Carthage), are termed Proper nouns or names. 
 
 Patronymics are nouns formed from the name of a father or ancestor,, 
 as Pelldes, the son of Pdleus, i. e. Achilles : these are all of Greek 
 r origin. 
 
 Diminutives. These are nouns that have a termination signifying 
 little, as bacillus (a little stick), and are mostly formed by adding illus 
 or ulus to the noun, as from puer } pudrulus (a little boy). 
 
 GENDER. 
 Latin nouos are of three genders, masculine, feminine, and 
 neater, thus : 
 
 1. Names of males are masculine, as JEneas (a mans name), Bu- 
 cephalus (the name of a horse), leo (a lion). 
 
 2. Names of females are feminine, as Helena (a woman's name), 
 Thoe (the name of a mare), lecena (a lioness). 
 
 3. Names of inanimate objects are of all three genders, thus, annus 
 {a year) is masculine; mensa (a table), feminine; and regnum (a 
 kingdom), neuter. The gender of inanimate nouns is mostly determined 
 by the declension to which they belong, but they are likewise subject 
 to the following general rules : — 
 
 (a) Names of months, winds, rivers, and mountains, are mostly mas- 
 culine, as Aprilis {the month of April), aquilo (the north wind), 27- 
 beris (the river liber), Othrys (a hill in Thessaly). 
 
96 APPENDIX. 
 
 (b) Names of countries, towns, trees, ships, and poems, are mostly 
 feminine, as JEgyptus {Egypt), Corinthus (Corinth), pdmus (an 
 apple-tree). Argo {the name of a ship), Mneis {the JEncid of Virgil). 
 
 (c) Letters, words, and phrases (when used as nouns, and all other 
 indeclinable substances,) are neuter, as a (the letter a), scire tunwi (your 
 knowledge), eras istud (that to-morrow). See also Bern. 1, Ex. 84. 
 
 4. Some inanimate nouns are both masculine and feminine, as pulvis 
 (dust). These are said to be of Doubtful Gender, 
 
 5. Some nouns, signifying persons, are likewise both masculine and 
 feminine, as parens (a mother or father), conjua? (a husband or wife), 
 civis (a citizen, male or female). These are said to be of Common 
 Gender. 
 
 6. Some nonns, particularly names of birds, are either masculine or 
 feminine, but not both ; thus passer (a sparroiv)*is masculine, and yet 
 may either signify a male or female, so aqulla (an eagle) is feminine, 
 but may signify either a male or female. Such nouns are said to be 
 Epicene* 
 
 DECLENSIONS. 
 The Latin nouns vary in termination under certain cir- 
 cumstances ; these variations or cases are six in number, 
 termed respectively : 
 
 The Nominative. The Genitive. The Dative. The Accusative. i 
 The Vocative. The Ablative. 
 
 When a noun is made to assume its case terminations, it 
 is said to be declined. Originally all the nouns appear to 
 have been declined alike, but certain irregularities gradu 
 ally arose, -which render it now necessary to divide them 
 into five groups or declensions, each one having its own set 
 of case terminations, thus : 
 
 First Declension. 
 Mensa (f.), a table. 
 Singular. Plural. 
 
 Kom. Mens a, a table. 
 
 Gen, Mens se, of a table. 
 
 Vat. Mens se, to a table. 
 
 Ace. Mens am, a table. 
 
 Foe. Mens a, table. 
 
 Abl. Mens a, by a table. 
 
 Mens se, tables. 
 Mens arum, of tables. 
 Mens Is, to tables. 
 Mens as, tables. 
 Mens 83, tables. 
 Mens is, by tables. 
 
 Hem. — The ablative case expresses other prepositions besides ty 
 (See Construction of First Declension in Second Course.) 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 97 
 
 Singular 
 
 Kom. Serv us, a servarit. 
 
 Gen. Serv i, of a sei^vant. 
 
 Dat. Serv o, to a servant. 
 
 Ace. Serv um, a servant. 
 
 Voc. Serv e, servant. 
 
 Abl. Serv o, by a servant. 
 
 Second Declension. 
 
 Servus (jn.\ a servant 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Serv i, servants. 
 Serv drum, of servants. 
 Serv is, to servants. 
 Serv 6s, servants. 
 Serv i, servants. 
 Serv Is, 6y servants. 
 
 Rem. — The nominative and vocative cases are generally alike in 
 both numbers throughout the declensions, but nouns of the Second 
 Declension in us have the vocative singular in e. 
 
 Scamnum (n,), a lench. 
 
 Nom. Scamn um, a bench. 
 
 Gen. Scamn i, of a bench, 
 
 Dat. Scamn o, to a bench. 
 
 Ace. Scamn um, a bench. 
 
 Voc. Scamn um, bench. 
 
 Abl. Scamn o, by a bench. 
 
 Scamn a, benches. 
 Scamn orum, of benches, 
 Scamn Is, to benches. 
 Scamn a, benches. 
 Scamn a, benches. 
 Scamn is, by benches. 
 
 Rem. — Neuter nouns of all the declensions have, like scamnum. the 
 nominative, accusative, and vocative alike in both numbers, and in the 
 plural these cases always end in a. 
 
 Third Declension. 
 
 Pater (»?.), a father. 
 
 Patr es, father;* 
 Patr um, of fathers. 
 Patr lbus, to fathers. 
 Patr es, fathers. 
 Patr es, fathers. 
 Patr lbus, by fathers. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 Pater, a father. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Patr is, of a father. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Patr i, to a father. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Patr em, a father. 
 
 Voc. 
 
 Pater, father. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Patr e, by a father. 
 
 
 Nubes (/.) 
 
 Kom. 
 
 Nub es, a cloud. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Nub is, of a cloud. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Nub i, to a cloud. 
 
 Sec. 
 
 Nub em, a cloud. 
 
 Voc. 
 
 Nub es, cloud. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Nub e, by a cloud. 
 
 Nub es, clouds. 
 Nub ium, of clouds. 
 Nub thus, to clouds. 
 Nub es, clouds. 
 Nub es, clouas. 
 Nub ibus, by clouds. 
 
 Rem. — Some nouns of the third declension have the genitive plural 
 la um, others in ium ; this is explained in the Second Course. 
 
98 
 
 
 AITENDIX. 
 
 
 
 Nomen 
 
 (w.), a name. 
 
 
 
 Singular. 
 
 
 
 Plural. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 Nomen, a name. 
 
 
 
 Non-fin 
 
 a, names. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Nom in is, of a name. 
 
 
 
 NomTn 
 
 um, of names. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 No in in i, to a name. 
 
 
 
 Nomin 
 
 ibus, to names* 
 
 Ace. 
 
 N6m6n, a name. 
 
 
 
 Nomin 
 
 a, names. 
 
 Voc. 
 
 Nomen, name, 
 
 
 
 Nomin 
 
 a, names. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Nomin e, by a name. 
 
 
 
 Noniin 
 
 Ibus, by names 
 
 See Remark on neuter nouns above. 
 
 Nom. Fruct us, fruit. 
 Gen. Fruct us, of fruit, 
 
 Fruct ui, to fruit. 
 
 Fruct um, fruit. 
 
 Fruct vls 9 fruit. 
 
 Fruct u, by fruit. 
 
 Dat. 
 Ace. 
 Voc. 
 Abl. 
 
 Fourth Declension. 
 Fruct us (m.), fruit. 
 
 Fruct us, fruits. 
 
 Fruct uum, of fruits. 
 
 Fruct ibus, to fruits. 
 
 Fruct us, fruits. 
 
 Fruct us, fruits. 
 
 Fruct ibus, by fruit. 
 
 Fifth Declension. 
 Dies (in singular, m. or f., in plural m. only), a day. 
 
 Nom. Di es, a day. 
 
 Gen. Di ei, of a day. 
 
 Dat. Di ei, to a day. 
 
 Ace. Di em, a day. 
 
 Voc. Di es, day. 
 
 Ml. Di e, by a day. 
 
 Di es, days. 
 
 Di erum, of days. 
 
 Di ebus, to days. 
 
 Di es, days. 
 
 Di es, days. 
 
 Di ebus, by days. 
 
 The declension to which a noun belongs is determined 
 by the genitive case ending ; when the genitive ends in ce f 
 the noun belongs to the first declension, in i to the second, in 
 is to the third, in Us to the fourth, and in ei to the fifth. 
 The nominative and the termination of the genitive being 
 given, the learner will know to which of the five declen- 
 sions the noun belongs, thus pars, gen. tis, indicates a noun 
 of the third declension ; usus, xls, a noun of the fourth, and 
 so on. 
 
 IRREGULAR NOUNS. 
 Some nouns arc irregular in gender, number, or declen- 
 sion. These are termed Ueteroctites, and are divided into 
 
APPENDIX. 99 
 
 three classes, termed respectively, Variants, Redundants, 
 and Defectives. 
 
 Variants. 
 
 Variants are nouns that vary in gender, declension, or 
 that have a different meaning in the plural from what they 
 have in the singular, thus : — 
 
 1. The following are masculine in the singular and neuter in the 
 plural : — 
 
 Avernus, i (ra.), or Averna orura (n. plu.), a lake of Campania, and 
 in the poets, the infernal regions. 
 
 Maenalus, i (m.), or Msenala orura (n. plu.), a hill in Arcadia. 
 
 Tartarus, i (#».), or Tartara drum (n. plu.), the deepest part of the in- 
 fernal regions. 
 
 Tapanis, i (m.), or Tsenara orum (n. plu.), a promontory of Laconia, 
 under which there is a cave, supposed by the poets to be the entrance 
 of the infernal regions. 
 
 The nouns Dindyrnus, a hill of Phrygia ; Ismarus, a hill of Thrace; 
 Mas-sTcus, a mountain of Campania ; Pangseus, a promontory of 
 Thrace ; Taygelus, a hill of Laconia ; and a few others have, in 
 the same way, neuter plural forms, but chiefly in the poets. 
 
 2. The following are neuter in singular, and masculine in plural : — 
 
 Ccelum, heaven, the shy. 
 
 Efysium, Elysium. 
 
 Argos, or Argi, a city of Greece. 
 
 3. Neuter in singular, and feminine in plural : — 
 
 Delictum, delight. 
 epulum, a banquet. 
 Balneum, a bath. 
 The last is also sometimes neuter in plural. 
 
 4. Feminine in singular, and neuter in plural : — 
 
 Carbasus, sail-cloth. 
 
 Pergamus, i (/.), or Pergama, drum (n.), Troy. 
 
 5. Masculine in singular, and masculine or neuter in plural : — ■ 
 
 Locus, a place, jocus, a jest. 
 
 6. Neuter in singular, and masculine or neuter in plural :— 
 
 Kastrum, a rake, frsenum, a bridle. 
 
 7. The following change their declension : — 
 
 Vas, a vessel, is of the third declension in singular, and of the second 
 
 in plural, as vas, gen. vasis ; plural, vasa, gen. drum. 
 JugSrum, an acre, is of the second in singular, and third in plural. 
 
100 APrENBIX. 
 
 Delirium, a delight ; fcpulum, a feast ; exuvium, spoil; indusium, a 
 garment ; and balneum, a bath, are of the second declension in sin- 
 gular, and first in plural, the last, however, has also balnea in plural. 
 (See Obs. 3, above,) 
 
 S. The following change the meaning in plural . — 
 
 SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
 
 JEdes, or sedis, a temple ; JEdes, a house, or building. 
 
 AuxTlium, help ; Auxllia, auxiliary troops, 
 
 Castrum, a fort ; Castra, a camp. 
 
 Comitium, a place of assembly ; Comitia, the assembly itself. 
 
 Copia, abundance ; Copiae, troops. 
 
 Facultas, power of acting ; Facilitates, property. 
 
 Litera, a letter of the alphabet ; Litgrae, an epistle. 
 
 Ops, or opis, help ; opes, power. 
 
 Sal, salt ; Sales, witticisms. 
 
 And so with a few others. 
 
 Redundants. 
 A few nouns have duplicate forms of some or all the 
 cases, thus: — 
 
 1. Nouns derived from the Greek have often both the Greek and 
 Latin forms of the genitive, but not always, as Chremes, gen. Chremis, 
 or Chremetis. 
 
 2. Nouns have often duplicate nominatives varying in form, but of 
 the same number, gender, and declension, as arbor, or arbds, arboris 
 (/.), a tree ; so honor, or honos, gen. honoris (m.), honour. 
 
 3. Some have duplicate nominatives of the same form, but varying 
 in gender and genitive, as pfceus, peciidis (/.), or pecus, genitive pfceo- 
 ris (w.), cattle. 
 
 4. The following have duplicate nominatives of the same form and 
 gender, but of different declensions : — 
 
 Dbmus, i, or ddmus, us (/.), a house. 
 Laurus, i, or laurus, us (/.), a laurel-tree. 
 Ficus, i, or flcus, us (/.), a Jig-tree. 
 Pinus, i, or pinus, us (/.), a pine-tree. 
 Cupressus, i, or cupressus, iis (/.), a cypress-tree. 
 
 5. A few have duplicate nominatives, varying in form and gender, 
 but of the same declension, as slbulus, i (m.), or sibulum, i (n.), hiss- 
 ing ; bacillus, i (m.), or baciilum, i (n.), a stick. 
 
 6. The following, and a few others, have duplicates as regards de- 
 clension, but are of the same gender. 
 
 Materia, a?, or materies, ei (/.), matter. 
 
 fclephantus, i, or elgphas, antis (m.), an elephant. 
 
 Paupertas, atis, or pauperies, ei,(f)., poverty. 
 
 Plebs, plebis, or plebes, is, or ei (/.), the common people* 
 
APPENDIX. 101 
 
 Many Greek proper names are redundants of this last class, as Chal- 
 chas, ae, or antis ; Orestes, ae, or is ; (Edipus, pi, or pOdes ; Orpheus, 
 or Orpheus, gen,, Orpheos, or Orphei. 
 
 7. The following', and some others, have duplicates varying both in 
 gender and declension : — 
 
 alimonia, aa (/.), or alimonium, i (n.),/ootf. 
 
 Buccina, as (/.), or buccinum, i (rc.), a belt, 
 
 Esseda, ae (/.) or essedura, i (rc.j, a goblet. 
 
 Menda, ae (/.), ormendum, i (n.), a blemish. 
 
 iEthra, ee (/.), or aether, aetheris (w.), ether. 
 
 Colus, i (/.), or eOlus, us (m.), a distaff. 
 
 Consortio, onis (/.), or consortium, i (n.) 3 a partnership 
 
 Defectives, 
 
 Many nouns are only used in one or other of the num. 
 bers, and some want one or more of the cases, thus : — 
 
 1. The following are regularly declined in the singular, but are not 
 used in the plural : — 
 
 (a) The names of quantities or abstract notions, as pittas, godliness ; 
 fames, hanger; v£nia, pardon. 
 
 (b) All nouns implying amass or substance, as aurum^ofo?; argilla, 
 clay ; sanguis, blood. 
 
 (c) Collective nouns, as plebs, the common people ; vulgus, the mob, 
 
 (d) The nouns 
 
 Aer, air. 
 
 JEther, ether. 
 Diluculura, the dawn. 
 Jiibar, a sun-beam. 
 Justitium, a vacation. 
 Lethuin, death. 
 
 MSridies, midday. 
 Nemo, ?20 one. 
 Pelasrus. ) ,, 
 Ponfus, [«"«<" 
 Specimen, a sample. 
 Ver, spring. 
 
 And a few others. 
 
 2. The following are regularly declined in the plural, but have no 
 singular : — 
 
 (a) Masculines. 
 
 Antes, rows. Liberi, children. 
 
 Cancelli, a lattice. Manes, a ghost. 
 
 Fasti, annals. Majores, ancestors. 
 
 Lemures, spectres. Minores, posterity. 
 
 Penates, household gods. Pr6c6res, nobles. 
 Primores, chiefs. ' 
 
 And some names of towns, as Delphi, Delphis ; Philippi, Philippi. 
 
 x 3 
 
102 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Argutise, subtUties. 
 
 Calendae, the calends, 
 
 Divltiae, riches. 
 
 Exciibiae, watch and ward. 
 
 Facetiae, wit. 
 
 Feriae, a holiday. 
 
 idus, the ides (of the month). 
 
 Induciae, a truce. 
 
 In feriae, an offering. 
 
 Insldiae, snares. 
 
 (b) Feminines. 
 
 Mlnse, threats* 
 Nonae, nones. 
 Nugae, trifles, 
 Nuptias, marriage. 
 Nundinae, a market-day. 
 Reliquiae, remains, 
 Scalae, stairs. 
 Scopae, a broom. 
 Tenebrae, darkness. 
 Valvae, folding doors. 
 
 And several names of towns, as, Syraciisae, Syracuse; Athenae, Athens^ 
 
 (c) Neuters. 
 
 Munia, offices. 
 Praecordia, the heart. 
 Scruta, wares. 
 Sponsalia, espousals. 
 Viscera, entrails. 
 
 Arm a, arms. 
 Cunabula, a cradle. 
 Exta, entrails. 
 ilia, the flank. 
 Mxnia, a fortified wall. 
 Mapalia, huts. 
 
 Several names of towns and festivals, as Bactra, Saturnalia. 
 
 Rem. — The genitive plural of these nouns will be given in the index 
 to present and vocabularies of Second Course. This will enable the 
 learner to know the declension of any plural noun ; thus, Syracuse, 
 drum, denotes a noun of the first, and Philippic orum, a noun of the 
 second declension, because arum and ortim are genitive plural ter- 
 minations of these declensions respectively. 
 
 3. Some defectives want all the cases, or mother words, they are in- 
 declinable, having only a single form ; these are termed aptots. Such are 
 
 Pondo, a pound weight. 
 Cepe, an onion. 
 Gummi, gum, 
 Friigi, thrift or thrifty. 
 Mane, morning. 
 
 Fas, right, 
 Nefas, wrong, 
 Instar,a likeness. 
 Nihil, nothing. 
 Sinapi, mustard. 
 
 Also some foreign words, as manna , Baal; several Greek words, as 
 Tempe (n. plu.), a valley in Thessaly. 
 
 Rem. — The most of these nouns stand for all the cases, plural as 
 well as singular, hut fas, instar, nihil, can properly be used only in the 
 nom. ace. and voc. singular, and sinapi is not used in plural. A few 
 nouns have a singular and a plural, both indeclinable, as sing, melds, 
 a song ; plu. mele, songs. The nouns vfcru, a spit ; mille, a thousand ; 
 cornu, a horn ; genu, the knee, and all other nouns in u of the fourth 
 declension are aptots in the singular, but have all the plural forms. 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 103 
 
 4. Some defectives have only one oblique ease in use, these are termed 
 monoptots : such are — 
 
 Nauci {gen. sing.), of a nutshell. 
 Ostentui (dat. sing .), for show . 
 Astu (abl. sing.), by croft. 
 Jussu (abl. sing,), by command. 
 Natu (abl. sing.), by birth. 
 Noctu (abl. sing.), by night. 
 Inftcias (ace. phi.), denial. 
 
 Ingratiis (abl, pln.) 9 against one's 
 
 will. 
 Ambage (abl. sing.), winding. 
 Casse (abl. sing.), with a net. 
 Annali {abl. sing.), by a record. 
 Fauce (abl. sing.), by or with the 
 
 jaw. 
 
 Of these the last four have the plural forms entire. 
 
 5. The following have only two cases in use, and are termed dip- 
 tots, 
 
 Fors. chance, abl. 
 
 , forte. 
 Imp&tis, an attack, abl. impute. 
 Suppetiae, aid, aec. supp&tias. 
 
 6. 
 tots . 
 
 Juggris, an acre, abl. jugere. 
 Compedis, a fetter, abl. compete, 
 Verb£ris, a stripe, abl. verbere. 
 
 Of these the last three have all the plural forms. 
 The following have only three cases in use, and are termed trip- 
 
 Fgmmis (gen.), femi'ni (dat.), femlne (abl.), the thigh. 
 
 Lues (nom.), luem (ace), lu% (abl.)) a plague. 
 
 Preci (dat.), precem (ace), piece (abl.), prayer, 
 
 Situs (nom.), situm (ace), situ (abl.), filth. 
 
 Vesper (nom.), vesperem (acc.) y vespfcre or i (abl.), evening. 
 
 Of these the noun preci, which appears to be derived from a nomi- 
 native prex, is regular in the plural. 
 
 The following have only the nom. voc. and ace. plural in use, and 
 are consequently triptots as regards that number. 
 
 Hiems, winter. 
 Mel, honey. 
 Thus, frankincense. 
 fcbiir, ivory. 
 Far, corn. 
 
 F61, gall, 
 M 6" tus, fear. 
 Rus, the country. 
 Solium, a throne, 
 Spes, hope. 
 
 7, The following want the nom. and ace. sing. ; and thus, having 
 only four cases, are termed tetraptots : — Ditionis, dominion ; frugis, 
 fruit; 6pis, help ; vicis, a turn; sordis, filth. 
 
 Vis, power, also is rarely found in gen. or dat. sing. 
 
 8. The following, and several others, want the genitive plural, and 
 so having only five cases, are termed pentaptots ; — 6s, the mouth; fax, 
 a torch ; sol, the sun ; pax, peace ; lux, light. 
 
 Those defectives that want only one or two cases, are irregular only 
 in so far as these cases are not found in any of the existing classics, 
 and consequently there is no authority for their use. 
 
104 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 ADJECTIVES. 
 
 Adjectives vary in form, to agree with the substantives 
 in gender, number, and case. Some adjectives have a no- 
 minative form corresponding with each gender, as mas. 
 bonus, fern, bona, neut. bonum ; others have only two nomi- 
 native forms, as mas. and fern, tristis, neut. triste ; many 
 have only one form for all three genders, as m&$. felix, fern. 
 felix, neut. felix. (See Ex. 40 and 62.) 
 
 Adjectives are declined like nouns of corresponding ter- 
 minations ; thus, bonus is declined like servus ; bona, like 
 mensa ; bonum, like scamnum, and so on. The adjectives 
 may, nevertheless, be divided into three declensions, accord- 
 ing as they are of one, two, or three terminations, thus : — 
 
 First Declension . 
 
 
 B6nus, a, ura, good. 
 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 
 Mas. Fern. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Norn, bon-us, bon-a, 
 
 bon-um. 
 
 Gen. bon-i, bon-ee, 
 
 bon-i. 
 
 Dat. bon-o, bou-ae, 
 
 bon-o. 
 
 Ace bon-um, bon-am, 
 
 bon-um* 
 
 Voc. bon-e, bon-a, 
 
 bon-um. 
 
 Abl. bon-o, bon-a, 
 
 bon-o. 
 
 £LITRAL. 
 
 
 Nom. bon-i, bon-ce, 
 
 bon-a. 
 
 Gen. bon-orum, bon-arura, 
 
 hon-drura 
 
 Dat. bon-is, bon-is, 
 
 bon-is. 
 
 Ace. bon-os, bon-as, 
 
 bon-a. 
 
 Foe. bon-i, bon-a?, 
 
 bon-a. 
 
 Abl. bon-is bon-is. 
 
 bon-is. 
 
 Second Declension. 
 Fidelis, e, faithful. 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 Mas. fy fern. 
 Nom. fidel-is, 
 Gen. fid el is, 
 Dat. fidel-i, 
 Ace. fidel-em, 
 Voc. fidel-is, 
 Abl. fidel-i, 
 
 Neut. 
 fidel-e. 
 fidel-is. 
 fidel-i. 
 
 fidel-e. 
 fidel-e. 
 fidel-i. 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 Mas. § fern. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 fidel-es, 
 
 fidel-ia. 
 
 fidel-ium, 
 
 fidel-ium. 
 
 fidel-ibus, 
 
 fidel-ibus. 
 
 fidel-es, 
 
 fidel-ia. 
 
 fidel-es, 
 
 fidel-ia. 
 
 fidel-ibus, 
 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 HW 
 
 B1NGULAR, 
 
 Third Declension. 
 Velox, gen, Velocis, swift. 
 
 PLURAL, 
 
 m. 
 
 f. Sf n. 
 
 m. 8$f. 
 
 neut. 
 
 Nom 
 
 . velox. 
 
 veloc-es, 
 
 veloc-ia. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 veloc-is. 
 
 veloc-ium, 
 
 veloc-ium 
 
 Dat. 
 
 veloc-i. 
 
 veloc-ibus, 
 
 veloc-ibus. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 veloc-em. 
 
 veloc-e>, 
 
 veldc-ia. 
 
 Voc. 
 
 velox. 
 
 veloc-es 
 
 veloc-ia. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 veloc-e, or i. 
 
 veloc-ibus, 
 
 veloc-ibus. 
 
 Rem. — Adjectives of one termination have two in the plural, because 
 the nom. ace, and voc. cases of the neuter plural always end in a. (See 
 Remark to second declension of nouns.) 
 
 IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES. 
 
 The adjectives firms, one . 
 declined thus : — 
 
 duo, two ; and tres, three ; are 
 
 unus, a, 
 
 urn, one. 
 
 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Mas. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 un-um. 
 
 Ace. un-um, 
 
 un-am, 
 
 un-um 
 
 ill gen. 
 
 Voc. un-e, 
 
 un-a, 
 
 un-um. 
 
 un-i, 
 
 Abl. un-o, 
 
 un-a, 
 
 un-o. 
 
 Mas. Fe?n. 
 
 Nom. un-us, un-a, 
 Gen. un-ms, or unlus in all gen. 
 Dat. un-i, un-i, 
 
 Rem. — Unus and some other adjectives of three terminations make 
 the genitive singular in ius, and the dative in i. The plural of unus 
 is regularly declined like that of bonus, and is used with nouns that 
 have no singular number, as unae Ut&rsi, one letter ; una mcenia {neut. 
 ptu.) onejortijied wall, 
 
 Duo, duae, duo, two. 
 
 Fern. Neut. 
 
 du-ae, duo. 
 
 du-arum, du-6rum. 
 
 du-abus, du-6bus. 
 
 du-as, duo. 
 
 du-ae, duo. 
 
 du-abus, du-6bus. 
 
 Rem.— Duo can only be used with reference to two objects, conse- 
 quently has no singular. 
 
 Tres, ?nas. 8ffem. f tria, neut. three. 
 
 Mas. 
 Nom. duo, 
 Gen. du-6rum, 
 Dat. du-6bus, 
 Ace. du-6s, or duo, 
 Voc. duo. 
 Abl. du-6b;is, 
 
 Mas. 
 
 £$fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Mas. &;fem. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Norn 
 
 ties, 
 
 tria. 
 
 Ace. ties, 
 
 tria. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 tr-ium, 
 
 tr-ium. 
 
 Voc. tres, 
 
 tria. 
 
 Dat. 
 
 tr-ibus, 
 
 tr-ibus. 
 
 Abl. tr-ibus, 
 
 tr-ibus 
 
106 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Rem. — Tres is an adjective of two terminations, and like duo, baa 
 no singular. All the other numerals, from quatuor, four, to centum, 
 a hundred, are indeclinable, as are also the adjectives tbt, so many, 
 and quot, how many. 
 
 PRONOUNS. 
 
 There aifc fifteen pronouns in Latin, which are divided 
 into five classes, thus : — 
 
 1. The personals ego, sui f and ipse, which are declined thus :— 
 Ego, I. 
 First Person, 
 
 SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
 
 Kom. ego, /. 
 Gen. mei, of me. 
 Dat. mini, to me. 
 Ace. me, me. 
 Voc. not used. 
 Abl. me, from me. 
 
 Second Person, 
 
 SINGULAR. PLURAL. 
 
 nos, we. 
 
 nostrum, or nostri, of us, 
 
 nobis, to us. 
 
 nos, us, 
 
 not used. ■ 
 
 nobis, from us. 
 
 Vos, you. 
 
 Vestrum or tri, of you, 
 
 Vobis, to you, 
 
 Vos, you. 
 
 Vos, you, 
 
 Vobis, with you* 
 
 Nom, Tu, thou. 
 
 Gen. Tui, of thee, 
 
 Dat. TibI, to thee. 
 
 Ace, Te, thee. 
 
 Voc. Tu, thou, 
 
 Abl, Te, with thee. 
 
 Sui, of himself. 
 
 SINGULAR AND PLURAL. 
 
 Gen, Sui, of himself . ^ 
 
 Dat. Slbi to himself '. t ker3elfi itsdA one ^ s sdA themse i ves . 
 
 „46/. Se, % himself, ' 
 
 Rem.— Sw lias no nominative or vocative cases, and the same forms 
 serve for both singular and plural. Sometimes the accusative se is 
 doubled, as inter sese, amongst themselves, or in speaking of two per- 
 sons, between themselves. 
 
 Ipse, himself, 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 Mas. Fern. Neut, 
 
 from. Ips-e, ips-a ips-um, himself, herself, Itself, 
 
 Gen, Ips-i us or ips-Ius, for all gen. of himself, herself itself, 
 
 Dat. Ips-i, ips-i, ips-i, to himself ', herself ', itself. 
 
 Ace. Ips-um, ips-am, ips-um, himself, herself, itself. 
 
 Abl, Ips-o, ips-a, ips-o, by himself, herself, itself, 
 
APPENDIX. 107 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 Mas Fern. Kent. 
 
 Nam. Tps-i, ips-se, ips-a, themselves. 
 
 Gen. Ips-6rum ; ips-arum, ips-orum, of themseltts. 
 
 Dat. Ips-ig, ips-is, ips-is, to themselves. 
 
 Ace, Ips-os, ips-as, ips-a, the?ns<lves. 
 
 Abl. Ips-is, ips-is, ips-is, by themselves* 
 
 Rem. — Sui and ipse are sometimes termed reflectives. Sui is mostly 
 used after verbs absolutely ; ipse generally refers to some noun expressed 
 or understood with which it agrees in gender, number and case. (See 
 Ex. 76.) Sometimes both sui and ipse are used together, but in the 
 accusative only, as se ipsura, he himself. 
 
 2. The Possessives are — 
 
 Mens, mea, meum, my or mine. 1 Yester, vestra, vestrum, your or 
 Tuus, tua, tuum, thy or thine. your?, 
 
 1 Suns, sua, suum, his, her, hers or its. Nostras, of our country. 
 Noster, nostra, nostrum, our or Vestras, of your country, 
 ours. Cujas, of what country. 
 
 Of these the first five are declined like adjectives of the first declen- 
 sion, except that mens makes mi in the vocative case singular mascu- 
 line, and tuns and suus, as well as most other pronouns, have no vocative 
 case. Nostras, vestras and cujas, have in the genitive nostratis, ves- 
 wdtis, cujatis, and are declined like adjectives of the third declension. 
 
 3. The Demonstratives, hlc f ille, iste, Xs y and Idem, are declined 
 thus : — 
 
 Hie, heec, hoc, this. 
 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 
 Mas. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Kent. 
 
 Mas. ' 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 Kom. 
 
 Hie, 
 
 hsec. 
 
 hoc 
 
 hi, 
 
 hse, 
 
 hcec. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Hujus, 
 
 hujus 
 
 , hujus 
 
 horum, 
 
 harum, 
 
 ho rum. 
 
 Bat. 
 
 Huic, 
 
 huic, 
 
 huic 
 
 his, 
 
 his, 
 
 his 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Hunc, 
 
 hanc, 
 
 hoc 
 
 hos, 
 
 has, 
 
 hrec. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Hoc, 
 
 hac, 
 
 hoc 
 Ille, ilia, il 
 
 his, 
 iud, that. 
 
 his, 
 
 his. 
 
 Nom. 
 
 Ille, 
 
 ilia, 1 
 
 illud 
 
 ill-i, 
 
 ill-SB, 
 
 lil-a. 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Ill-Tus 02 
 
 • ill-ius in all gen. 
 
 ill-orum, 
 
 ill-arum, 
 
 ill-orum 
 
 Dat. 
 
 UK 
 
 ill-i, 
 
 ill-i 
 
 ill-is, 
 
 ill-is, 
 
 ill-is. 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Ill-um, 
 
 ill-am 
 
 ill-ud 
 
 ill -os, 
 
 ill -as, 
 
 ill-a. 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Ill-o, 
 
 ill-a 
 
 ill-o 
 
 ill-is 
 
 ill-is, 
 
 ill-is. 
 
 Rem. — Iste, ista, istud, Is declined in the same way nsille, and often 
 likewise stands for that. Hie denotes an obiect near or connected with 
 
308 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 the speaker ; ille mostly refers to an object connected with the person 
 spoken of; and iste to an object connected with the person spoken to. 
 
 
 
 Is, ea, 
 
 id, 
 
 that. 
 
 
 SINGULAR. 
 
 
 
 PLURAL. 
 
 
 Mas. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Neut, 
 
 
 Mas. Fern. 
 
 Nent. 
 
 Nam. is, 
 
 ea, 
 
 Id 
 
 
 ii, esc, 
 
 ea. 
 
 Gen. ejus, 
 
 ejus, 
 
 ejus 
 
 
 edrum, earum, 
 
 edrum. 
 
 Dat. ei, 
 
 ei, 
 
 ei 
 
 
 iis, eis, or is in all 
 
 genders. 
 
 Ace. eum, 
 
 earn, 
 
 id 
 
 
 eos, eas, 
 
 ea. 
 
 Abl. ea, 
 
 ea, 
 
 eo 
 
 
 iis, eis, or is, in all genders. 
 
 In like manner is 
 
 declined 1 
 
 the 
 
 compound Idem, 
 
 eadem, idem ; 
 
 gen. ejusdem, the same ; the accusative singular, however, of idem is 
 more properly eundem, eandem, idem, and the genitive plural eorundem, 
 edrundem, etc. than eumdem, eorumdem, etc. 
 
 Rem.— Is and ille are also used as personal pronouns of the third 
 person ; the nominatives for he, she, it, they ; and the oblique cases 
 for him, her, it, them. 
 
 4. The Relatives. There is properly only one relative, qui, — who ; 
 but it has a great many compounds, as quidam, some one ; quivis or 
 quillbet, any one; quicunque, whosoever. Qui and its compounds are 
 declined thus: — 
 
 Fern. Neut. 
 
 quae, quae. 
 
 quarum, quorum. 
 
 queis or quis in all gen. 
 
 quas, quse. 
 
 quels or quis in all gen. 
 
 Quis ? quae ? quid ? or quod ? who ? or what ? 
 titer, utra ? utrum ? which of the two ? 
 Qualis, e ? of what kind ? 
 Quan tus, a, urn ? how great ? how much ? 
 Quot? how many? 
 Of these, quis is declined like §7/7; titer like unus ; qualis like ad- 
 jectives of the second declension ; quantus like adjectives of the first 
 declension; and quot is indeclinable. 
 
 Compounds of quis, as aiTquis, allqua, altquid, or nlTquod, somebody, 
 are declined like quis, but these for the most part make the feminine 
 of the nominative case singular, and the nominative and accusative 
 plural neuter in qua. Quisquis, whosoever, is irregular and defective, 
 thus — 
 
 Mas. Fern. Neut. 
 
 Norn. Quisquis, , quidquid, or quicquid. 
 
 Ace. , , quidquid, or quicquid. 
 
 Abl, Quoquo, quaqua, quoquo. 
 
 
 Mas. 
 
 Fern. 
 
 Neut. 
 
 
 Mas. 
 
 Nom 
 
 Qui, 
 
 quae, 
 
 quod 
 
 
 Qui, 
 
 Gen. 
 
 Cujus, 
 
 cujus, 
 
 cujus 
 
 
 Quorum 
 
 Dat. 
 
 Cui, 
 
 cui, 
 
 cui 
 
 
 Qulbus, 
 
 Ace. 
 
 Quem, 
 
 quam, 
 
 qubd 
 
 
 Quos, 
 
 Abl. 
 
 Quo, 
 
 qua, 
 
 quo or 
 
 qui 
 
 Qui bus, 
 
 5. 
 
 The hit 
 
 errogatives. Th 
 
 ese a 
 
 re — 
 
ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 The Numbers refer to the Exercises, not to the Pages. 
 
 A, 3 rem. 
 
 Ability, 34 
 
 Abject, 91 
 i Able, 1,20 
 ., Abominable, 80 
 'i Abounding, 65, 132 
 
 Abounds, 93 
 
 Abstemious, 62 
 
 Absurd, 105 
 1 Accessary, 61 rem. 
 : Accompanies, 129 
 
 Accomplice. 61 rem. 
 
 Accustomed, 132 
 
 Acerra, 121 
 
 Act, 28 rem. 
 
 Active, 18 
 
 Acute. 55, 93 
 
 Addicted, 80 
 
 Adherent. 61 rem. 
 
 Adieu, 130 rem. 
 
 Admirable, 59 
 
 Admirably, 88 
 
 Admiral, 87 
 
 Admired, 55 
 
 Advantage, 64 
 
 Adverse, 86 
 
 Advice, 3.119 
 
 Advise, 93 
 
 Advocate, 103 
 
 Affable, 59 
 g[lij Affair, 28 rem. 
 
 Affairs of others, 
 86 rem. 
 y,l{ Affection, 103 
 1ft Lj Affectionate, 97 
 JB ' Afflicted, 67 
 T. Afflicts, 114 
 2„ : Affront, 131 
 I African, adj. 116 
 
 , sub. 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 
 After, 100 
 
 -—this, 10? 
 
 Again, 100 
 Age, 81, 85, 109 
 Agesilaus, 121 
 Agreeable, 35, 98 
 
 rem. 
 Ailing, 23 
 Air, 131 
 Alas! 130 
 Albeit, 112 
 Albert, 27 
 Alcibiades, 121 
 Alder tree, 103 
 Alexander, 99 
 Alien, 86 
 All, 42, 66 rem., 
 
 122, 124 rem. 
 Ally. 61 rem., 131 
 Almost, 66, 88 
 Alone, 51 
 Alpha, 125 
 Also, 48, 100 
 Although, 48,112 
 Altogether, 42, 52 
 Alwavs, 12, 66 
 Am, 90, 92 rem., 114 
 
 rem., 120. 
 Ambassador, 29, 92 
 
 rem. 
 Amber, 57 
 Amiable, 49, 91 
 Amusing, 98 rem. 
 An, 3 rem. 
 Ancient, 89, 123 
 And, 10, 48 rem., 
 
 126 rem. 
 
 so, 48. 
 
 then, Q6. 
 
 yet, 112. 
 
 Anger, 81 
 Animal, 17 
 Annoying, 49 
 Another, 22, 60 
 ■■ man's, 86 
 
 Ant, 79 
 
 Antagonist, 109 
 Antigone, 127 
 Antigonus, 127 
 Antiquity, 109 
 Antony, 121 
 Any, 70 rem., 78 
 — — one, 78 
 
 thing, 45, 78, 
 
 124 rem. 
 
 where, 58 
 
 Appears, 114 
 Apple, 103 rem. 
 Application, 75 
 Arable, 107 
 Archelaus, 121 
 Architect, 134 
 Are, 90 
 Arrogant, 65 
 Arrow, 131 
 Art, 85, aux. 90 
 
 of war, 133 
 
 As, 46,48,54,74,82, 
 86 rem., 92 rem., 
 112, 128, 129 rem. 
 
 — as, 128. 
 
 — much, 48, 54, 112 
 — as, 100 
 
 — (much) as possi- 
 ble, 48 
 
 — often as, 100 
 
 — well as, 82, 128 
 Ascanius, 127 
 Asia, 99 
 
 Ask, 93 
 Asks for, 93 
 Ass, 31 
 Assiduous, 71 
 Associate, 29 rem. 
 Association, 29 
 Assuredly, 122 
 Astute, 132 
 At first, €6 
 
 At last, 66 
 
 — least, 48, 66 ren\ 
 
 — length, 6Q 
 
 — leisure, 18 
 
 — one time, 108 
 
 — that time, 112 
 Athenian, adj. 116 
 
 sM&.116rem.3 
 
 Atrocious, 65 
 Attendant, 61 rem. 
 Atticus,99 
 Audacious, 72 
 Author, 25 
 Authority, 61 
 Autumn, 85 
 Avarice, 53 
 Awkward, 102 
 
 Bad, 4 
 
 Banishment, 57 
 Bank, 95 
 Barn, 109 
 Barren, 40 
 Base, 44, 91 
 Bashfulness, 81 
 Battle, 119 
 Bay, 36 
 Be, 84, 124 
 
 — in health, 120 
 rem. 
 
 — well, 130 rem. 
 Beast, 27 rem. 
 Beautiful. 22, 105 
 Beauty, 87, 95 
 Because, 74, 112 
 Bed, 16 
 
 Bee, 19 
 
 Been, 84, 96, 108 
 
 rem., 124 
 Before, 100 
 Beggar, 134 
 Beginning, 81, 119 
 
 ■ of, 102 rem. 
 
 K 
 
110 
 
 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Believe, S4, 53 
 Believes, 93 
 Beloved, 51 
 Bench, 5 
 Beneficent, 55 
 Beneficial, 59 
 Benevolence, 109 
 Benevolent, 118 
 Besides, 74 
 Best, 51 
 Betray, 101 
 Better, adv. 64 
 
 , adj. 73 
 
 Biped, G5 
 
 Bird, 17 rem., 19, 83 
 Birth, 44 
 
 Bitter, 23, 107, 132 
 Black, 22, 86 
 Blame, 69, 102 rem. 
 Blamed, 102 rem. 
 Blameworthy, 102 
 Bland, 118 
 Blemish, 33 rem. 
 Blessed, 64 
 Blessing, 64, 109 
 Blind, 123 
 Blithsome, 98 rem. 
 Blooming, 9S rem. 
 Blunt, 97 
 Body, 77 
 Bold, 72 
 boldly, 88 
 Bond, 103 
 Pondage, 125 
 5»ook, 16 
 ^crn, 132 
 Both, 128 
 Bound, 118 
 Boundary, 45 
 Bountiful, 55 
 Boy, 1 
 Branch, 119 
 Srass, 125, 132 
 Brave, 44, 72, 89 
 Brazen, 132 
 Bread, 7 
 
 Breast, 37 rem., 134 
 Breath, 37 
 Breeze, 79 
 Brennus, 111 
 Brevity, 61 
 Brief, 40 
 Bright, 35, 91 
 Brilliant, 55 
 
 in hue, 98- 
 
 rem . 
 Bring, 101 
 Brisk, 98 rem., 107 
 Britain, 99 
 Briton ; 99,116reni,3 
 
 Broad, 89 
 Bronze, 125 
 Broth, 17 
 Brother, 3 
 Brow, 69 
 Brown, 86 
 Brute, 27 rem. 
 Buffoon, 125 
 Building, 61, 113 
 
 rem. 
 Builds, 93 
 Built, 89 
 Bull, S3 
 Burden, 81, 134 
 Buried, 129 
 Busy, 18 
 But, 10, 74, 110 
 
 if, 112 
 
 little, 66 
 
 that, 112 
 
 By and by, 108 
 
 — far, 52 
 
 — name, 134 
 
 — no means,66rem. 
 122 
 
 — what means ? 82 
 
 r, 111 
 
 Calamity, 87 
 Called, 114 
 Calm, 35, 98 
 Calumny, 69 
 Came, 114 
 Camp, 113 
 Can, 120 
 Cane, 47 rem. 
 Capacity, 133 
 Capital, adj. 91 
 
 sub. 113 
 
 Captivity, 134 
 Captured, 80, 129 
 Care, 57 
 Careless, 62 
 Carelessness, 53 
 Caressing, 118 
 Carthage, 111 
 Carthaginian, adj. 
 
 116 
 
 — sub. 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 Cat, 131 
 Catalina, 99 
 Cato, 121 
 Cause, 57 
 Celebrated, 107 
 Censure, 102 
 Ceres, 39 
 Certain, 49 
 
 Certainly, 52 rem., 
 
 88 
 Champaign, 107 
 Changeable, 59, 118 
 Changed, 118 
 Chapel, 113 rem. 
 Chaplet, 131 
 Charity, 103 
 Charles, 99 
 Charming, 68 
 Chaste, 123 
 Cheap, 91 
 Cheerful, 98 
 Chief, 24, 87, 118 
 dullness, 119 
 Choose, 92 rem., 104 
 
 apart, 84 rem. 
 
 Chose, 104 
 Chremes, 99 
 Christ, 127 
 Cicero, 111 
 Cincinnatus, 127 
 Circumstance, 28 
 
 rem. 
 Citizen, 28 
 City, 39, 75 
 Clear, 35, 98 
 Clement, 62 
 Cleopatra, 121 
 Clever, 55 
 Climate, 33 
 Cloak, 109 
 Cloth, 134 
 Clothed, 80 
 Clothes, 77 
 Cluster of grapes, 
 
 103 
 Cock, 103 
 Codrus, 121 
 Coin, 125 
 Cold, adj. 9 
 
 sub. 119 
 
 Colleague, 29 
 Colour, 63 
 Combat, 119 rem. 
 Come, 114 
 Comes, 114 
 Comfort, 109 
 Comforts, 129 
 Commander, 37 
 Commandment, 1 
 
 rem. 
 Commendable, 102 
 Commendation, 131 
 Common, 59 
 
 ■ people, 87 
 
 Cornmomvealth, 75 
 Companion, 29rem., 
 
 61,87 
 Comrade, 61 rem. 
 
 Condiment, 75 
 Condition, 131 
 Confederate, 61 
 
 rem. 
 Conjunction, 95 
 Conquered, 67 
 Conscience, 95 
 Consecrated, 98 
 Consequently, 10 
 Considerate, 9 
 Consideration, 53 
 Consistent, 91 
 Consoles, 129 
 Consort, 29 
 Conspirator, 113 
 Constructed, 89 
 Consul, 85 
 Content, 18 
 Contented, 18 
 Contemptible, 123 
 Continual, 123 
 Continually, 88 
 Cook, 53 
 Cool, 9 
 Copious, 65 
 Corn-field, 95 
 Corinth, 127 
 Correctly, 52 
 Corrupt," 118 
 Costly, 30 
 Cottage, 134 
 Couch, 16 
 Council, 19 
 Counsel, 3 
 Counsellor, 27 
 Country, 53 rem., 
 
 63,75,87 
 Countryman, 28 
 Courage, 34, 95 
 Courageous, 44 
 Court, 41 
 Court-house, 95 
 
 Courteous, 44, 68 
 
 Covetous, 105 
 
 Covetousness, 87 
 
 Cow, 83 
 
 Crafty, 9 
 
 Creature, 17 rem. 
 
 Credulous, 89 
 
 Crime, 69 
 
 Crony, 61 rem. 
 
 Crooked, 51, 118 
 
 Crown, 131 
 
 Cruel, 40 
 
 Crystal, 95 
 
 Current, 85 rem. 
 
 Curved, 51 
 
 Cynegirus, 127 
 
 Cyprus, 111 
 
 Cyrus, 111 
 
ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 55 
 
 Daily, 100 
 Dale, 113 
 Damocles, 121 
 Damp, 123 
 Danger, 103 
 Dangerous, 51 
 Daring, 65, 72 
 Darius, 127 
 Dark, 67 
 Datames, 121 
 Daughter, 5 
 Day, 79 
 Dead, 89 
 Deal, 13, 52 
 Dear, 51 
 Death, 21 
 Debt, 125 
 Decease, 131 
 Deceit, 125 
 Deceitful, 65 
 Deceived, 105 
 December, 53 
 Dedicated, 98 
 Deed, 28 rem. 
 Deep, 36 rem., 
 
 rem. 
 Defiled, 89 
 Definition, 103 
 Deformity, 33 rem, 
 Deity, 109 
 Delay, 81 
 Delaying, 81 
 Delays, 129 
 Delicious, 68 
 Delight, 28 
 Delighted, 105 
 Delightful, 68, 98 
 
 rem. 
 Delights, 93 
 Delivered, 129 
 Demosthenes, 121 
 Demure, 89 
 Dense, 67, 89 
 Depraved, 118 
 Deservedly, 88 
 Design, 19 rem. 
 Desirable, 102 
 Desire, 87, 104 
 Desired, 102, 104 
 Desires, 104 
 Despatch, 92 rem. 
 Destruction, 87, 134 
 Destructive, 91 
 Detect, 101 
 Detestable, 91 
 Devouring, 72 
 Devout, 71 
 Dictator, 61 
 Dictatorship, 119 
 Did, 117, 122 rem, 
 
 Die, 110 
 Difficult, 44 
 Difficulty, 119 
 Diligence, 53 
 Diligent, 62 
 Dinner, 103 rem. 
 Diogenes, 111 
 Dionysius, 121 
 Disadvantageous, 
 
 55 
 Disagreeable, 35 
 Discipline, 95, 125 
 Discourse, 119 
 Discretion, 19 rem. 
 Disease, 134 
 Diseased, 30 
 Disgraceful, 44 
 Dishonest, 13 
 Dishonesty, 119 
 Diszadi, 91 
 Disobliging, 60 
 Disposition, 133 
 Dispute, 61 
 Dissimilar, 91 
 Dissolute, 123 
 Ditch, 113 
 Divine, 71 
 Do, 117, 122 rem, 
 Docile, 73 
 Does, 117 rem. 
 Dolphin, 134 
 Door-keeper, 61 
 Dost, 117 
 Double-faced, 72 
 Doubtful, 49, 72,132 
 Dressed, 80 
 Drink, 33, 101 
 Dull, 23, 91, 97 
 Dumb, 118 
 Durable, 68 
 Dust, 95 
 Dutiful, 13 
 Duty, 134 
 
 Earth, 53 
 Easier, 10S 
 East, 134 
 Easy, 44 
 Eat, 101 
 Eats, 114 
 Eccentric, 68 
 Economy, 81 
 Edge, 119 rem. 
 Edifice, 61, 113 rem. 
 Education, 103, 113 
 Egyptian, adj., 116 
 
 ■ subs., 116 
 
 rem. 3. 
 Either, 128 
 Elegant, 97 
 
 Elephant, 83 
 Eligible, 97 
 Eloquent, 80, 97 
 Else, 60 
 
 Emergency, 133 
 Eminent, 72, 102 
 Emperor, 37 
 Empire, 37 
 Encounter,119 rem. 
 End, 45, 100 
 Enduring, 62 
 Enemy, 77 
 Energetic, 132 
 England, 99 
 English, 116 
 Englishman, 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 Enlightened, 59 
 Enmity, 95 
 Enough, 58 
 Enterprise, 28 rem. 
 Entertainment, 87 
 Entire, 42 
 Entrust, 92 rem. 
 Envied, 49 rem. 
 Envious, 49 
 Epaminondas, 99 
 Ephesian, adj., 116 
 — subj., 116 
 
 rem. 
 Equal, 91, 97 
 Erect, 36 rem. 
 Err, 101 
 
 Especially, 74, 112 
 Estate, 29 
 Eternal, 71 
 Eugenia, 39 
 Europe, 99 
 Evasive, 105 
 Even,48,74,122 rem. 
 
 if, 48 
 
 Ever, 58 
 Every, 42 
 
 — day, 100 
 
 part of, 42 
 
 person, 118 
 
 rem. 
 thing, 118 
 
 rem. 
 
 where, 58 
 
 Evil, adj., 4 rem. 
 
 sub., 109 
 
 Exalted, 36 rem. 
 Example, 11 
 Excellent, 97 
 Excelling, 97 
 Except, 74 
 Exception, 69 
 Excessive, 132 
 Execution, 64 
 
 in 
 
 Exemplary, 132 
 Exercise, 53, 93 
 Exile, 57 
 Existence, 37 
 Expected, 118 
 Expert, 105, 118 
 Exquisite, 105 
 Extraordinary, 68, 
 
 97 
 Extravagant, 123 
 
 Face, 133 
 Fact, 28 rem. 
 Faith, 87 
 Faithful, 59 
 Faithfully, 88 
 False, 65, 132 
 Falsehood, 63 
 Fame, 113 
 Familiar, 102 
 Family, 34, 81 
 Famous, 107 
 Far, 52, 100 
 
 off, 52 
 
 Farewell, 130 
 Fat, 89, 98 rem. 
 Fatal, 123 
 Fate, 57 
 Father, 1 
 Fatiguing, 98 
 Fault, 33, 64, 69 rem. 
 Favourable, 86 
 Featherless, 73 
 February, 53 
 Fellow, 25 rem., US 
 
 rem. 
 — traveller, 61 
 
 rem. 
 Ferocious, 65 
 Fertile, 40 
 Fidelity. 87 
 Field, 29 
 Fierce, 72 
 Fight, 119 rem. 
 Figure, 64, 87 
 Filthv, 123 
 Fine, 22, 35, 49 
 Finger, 113 
 Firm, 89, 118 
 First, adj., 51 
 
 adv., 66 
 
 Fir-tree, 134 
 Fixed, 49 
 Flagrant, 91 
 Flaw, 33 rem. 
 Fleeting, 62 
 Flesh, 77 
 Flight, 41 
 Flood of tears, 85 
 
 rem. 
 
112 
 
 Floor, 53 rem. 
 Flower, 19 
 Flowing,85rem.,118 
 Foe, 77 
 
 Follower. 61 rem. 
 Folly, 109 rem. 
 Fond of, 84 rem. 
 
 ■ fighting, 62 
 
 Food, 33 
 
 Foolish, 4 rem., 67 
 Foolishness, 133 
 Foot, 107 
 
 of, 102 rem. 
 
 For, 74 
 
 me, 115 
 
 Forasmuch as, 74 
 Force, 75 
 Forehead, 69 
 Foreign, 89 
 Forest, 11 
 Forgiveness, 57 
 Form, 87 
 Former, 128 
 Formerly, 108 
 Forthwith, 108 
 Fortress, 77 
 Fortunate, 80, 118 
 Fortune, 57 
 Foul, 86, 123 
 Fountain, 113 
 Fox, 31 
 Fragile, 73 
 Frail, 73 
 Frank, 102 
 Frantic, 62 
 Fraudulent, 4 rem. 
 Fray, 119 rem. 
 Free, 23 
 Freely, 88 
 French, 116 
 Frenchman, 103 
 Frequently, 82 rem. 
 Fresh, 123 
 Friend, 32 
 Friendly, 105 
 Friendship, 95 
 Frightened, 105 
 Frolicsome, 98 rem. 
 From where, 108 
 
 thence, 66 
 
 Frugal, 60 
 Fruitful, 67 
 Fugitive, 95 
 Full, 123 
 Furrow, 85 
 Further, 108 
 Fury, 77 
 Future, 108, 132 
 
 Gable, 45 rem. 
 
 ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 Gain, 119 
 
 Gallant, 72 
 Garden, 43 
 
 wall, 45 
 
 Gate, 125 
 
 Gather up, 92 rem. 
 Gaul, 103 
 Gave, 129 
 Gay, 35, 93 
 General, 87 
 Generally, 12 
 Generosity, 119 
 Generous, 15 
 Gentle, 44 
 Gently, 88 
 Geometry, 109 
 German, adj., 116 
 
 ■ sub, ,116 rem. 
 
 Gift, 43 
 
 Girl, 1 
 
 Give, 93, 101, 129 
 
 Given to anger, 60 
 
 Gives, 93 
 
 ■ way, 93 
 
 Glad, 98 rem. 
 Gladly, 88 
 Glass, 95 
 Globe, 53 rem., 57 
 Gloomy, 86 
 Glorious, 98 
 Gluttonous, 72 
 Gnat, 131 
 Go, 84 
 God, 25 
 Goddess, 39 
 Godly, 71 
 Gold, 47 
 Golden, 132 
 Good, adj., 2 
 
 sub., 109 
 
 bye, 130 
 
 evening, 
 
 rem. 
 morning, 
 
 rem. 
 
 looking, 105 
 
 Goose, 83 
 Government, 37 
 Governor, 95, 119 
 Gown, 109 
 Graceful, 49 
 Gracious, 55 
 Grand, 98 
 Grandson, 119 
 Grape, 103 
 Grass, 16 
 Grateful, 35 
 Grave, 68 
 Great, 6, 13, 52, 9! 
 
 102, 128 
 
 130 
 
 130 
 
 Greek, adj., 116 
 
 s?^.,116rem.3 
 
 Green, 91 
 Grey, 123 
 Grief, 95 
 Ground, 53 
 Grove, 11, 134 
 Gruel, 17 
 Guilt, 64, 119 
 Guiltless, 97 
 Guilty, 80, 97 
 
 Had, 84, 129 
 
 been, 124 
 
 Hail! 130 
 Hallo now ! 130 
 Hand, 85 
 Handsome, 49, 105 
 Hannibal, 121 
 Happiness, 64 
 Happy, 80 
 Hard, 15 
 Hardy, 44 
 Hare, 83 
 Harmodius, 127 
 Harsh, 15 
 Has, 92 
 been, 96, 108 
 
 rem. 
 Hasty, 60 
 
 Hated. 49 rem., 105 
 Hateful, 49 
 Haughty, 36 rem. 
 Have, 84, 92 
 
 been, 96 
 
 ■ lost, 129 
 
 He, 50 rem. ,56 rem., 
 
 86 rem., 90 
 — who, 46 
 Head, 113 
 Health, 113, 134 
 to you ! 130 
 
 rem. 
 Healthy, 30 
 Hear, 84, 92 
 Hears, 92 
 Heart, 37 rem. 
 Heartless, 55 
 Heavy, 68 
 Hebrus, 111 
 Heedless, 89 
 Henceforward, 108 
 Her, 20, 87, 104 
 
 rem. 
 Herb, 16 
 Here, 54 
 Here ? 100 
 Heretofore, 108 
 Herodotus, 127 
 Hers, 20 
 
 Herself, 76, 106 
 Hidden, 118 
 Hideous, 86 
 Hiding-place, 43 
 High, 36, 44, 72, 73, 
 
 98 
 
 spirited,36rem. 
 
 Highwayman, 79 
 Himself, 76, 106 
 Hinder, 101 
 Hipparchus, 127 
 His,20,87,104rem, 
 History, 69 
 Hitherto, 66 
 Hollow, 89 
 Holy, 105 
 Home, 34 
 Homer, 98 
 Honest, 13 
 Honey, 16 
 Honour, 109 
 Honourable, 18 
 Honoured, 118 
 Hope, 47 
 Horse, 16, 133 
 Hostile, 105 
 Hot, 9 
 Hour, 95 
 House, 34 
 How, 48, 82 
 ■ are you ? 13C 
 
 rem. 
 
 great, 102 
 
 - — large, 102 
 
 much, 102 
 
 so, 82 rem. 
 
 However, 48 
 Huge, 97 
 Human, 15 
 
 being, 24 
 
 Humane, 15 
 Humble, 73 
 Hunger, 43 
 Hurtful, 4 rem., 30, 
 
 97 
 Husband, 25 41 rem. 
 Husbandman, 103 
 Hut, 57 
 Hyacinth, 57 
 
 I, 38, 90 rem.. 
 Idle, 18 
 Idleness, 33 
 If, 10, 112, 133 rem. 
 
 — not, 112 
 Ignorance, 81 
 Ignorant, 105 
 111, adj., 23 
 
 — adv., 52 
 
 — meaning, 4 rem. 
 
ENGLISH INDEX, 
 
 11? 
 
 Illustrious, 55, 91, 
 123 
 
 Image, 64 
 Imitation, 134 
 Immoral, 13 
 Immortal, 40 
 Impede, 101 
 Imperious, 89 
 Impertinent, 102 
 Impiety, 125 
 Important, 6S 
 Impression, 125 
 Improper, 102 
 Imprudent, 97 
 Impudently, 88 
 In a manner, 83 
 
 — danger, 114 
 
 — future, 108 
 
 — good condition, 
 98 rem. 
 
 — no wise, 66 rem. 
 
 — time past, 108 
 
 — truth, 108 
 Inactive, 18 
 Inactivity, 81 
 Inasmuch as, 54 
 Income, 81 
 
 * Inconstant, 49 
 Indeed, 52, 108 
 Indian, adj., 116 
 
 sub., 116 rem. 3 
 
 Indifferently, 52 
 Indigence, 119 
 IndividuahllS rem. 
 Indolent, 18 
 Indulgent, 123 
 Industrious, 9 
 Inebriety, 63 
 Infatuation, 81 
 Infirm, 71 
 Influence, 61 
 Ingredient, 75 
 Iniquitous, 55 
 Injurious, 30 
 Injury, 125 
 Inn, 57 
 Innocent, 97 
 Insatiable, 55, 72 
 Insect, 17 rem., 83 
 
 rem. 
 Insignia, 64 
 Instinct, 32 
 Integrity, 69 
 Intellect, 37 
 Intelligent, 72 
 Intemperate, 62 
 Intention, 19 rem. 
 Interesting, 98 rem. 
 Intimate, 61 rem., 
 
 ST, 
 
 Invidious, 49 
 ■Iphicrates, 111 
 Irascible, 60 
 Ireland, 99 
 Irksome, 98 
 Iron, 47, 132 rem. 
 Is, 8, 44 rem., 48, 56, 
 
 64 rem., 70, 90 
 — , aux, 114 
 Island, 39 
 Islander, 125 
 It, 50, 56 rem., S6 
 
 rem., 90 
 Its, 20, 104 rem. 
 Itself, 76, 106 
 Ivory, 109 
 
 Jerusalem, 111 
 Jocund, 98 rem. 
 Join, 93 
 Jolly, 98 rem. 
 Journey, 131 
 Jovial, 98 rem. 
 Joy, 28 
 
 Joyful, 98 rem., 118 
 Joyous, 98 rem; 
 Judge, 41 
 Judgment, 25 
 Juno, 121 
 Jupiter, 121 
 Just. 9 
 
 now, 108 
 
 Justice, 17 
 
 119 
 
 Justly, 108 
 
 Keen, 55, 107 
 Kind, 35 
 Kindness, 64 
 Kindred, §1 
 King, 19 
 Know, 84, 92 
 Knowledge, 109 
 Known, 123 
 Knows, 92 
 
 Laborious, 98 
 Labour, 79 
 Lacedemonian, 55 
 Lady, 31 
 Land, 29, 53 
 Language, 79 
 Large, 6, 98, 123 
 Lasting, 68 
 Latin, 116 
 Latter, 128 
 Law, 17, 63 
 Lazy, 23 
 reader, 87 
 
 Leaf, 119 
 Learn, 101 
 Learned, 36 
 Learning, 103, 123' 
 Least, 48, 66 
 Left, adj., 93 
 
 , verb, 129 
 
 — — hand, 125 
 Legislator, 113 
 Leisure, 18 
 Lenient, 59 
 Lenity, 69 
 Less, 66 rem., 122 
 Letter, 85, 131 
 Liberal, 59 
 Liberality, 109 rem. 
 Liberty, 113 
 Licentious, 71 
 Lies hid, 114 
 
 open, 114 
 
 Lieutenant-gen., 29 
 Life, 11 
 Light, 63, 73 
 Lightning, 125 
 Like, verb, 84, rem. 
 
 104 
 
 , adj., 73, 91, 97 
 
 Liked, 104 
 Likes, 104 
 Likewise, 48 
 Limit, 45 
 Line, 69 
 Linked together, 
 
 132 
 Lion, 83 
 Lioness, 83 
 Little, adj., 6, 97 
 
 -, adv., 66, 97 
 
 — , sub., 109 
 
 Live, 101 
 
 Livelv, 98 rem., 107 
 Lofty, 36 
 London, 99 
 Long, 6, 100 
 Longer, 100, 108 
 Lord, 17 
 Lost, 123, 129 
 Loud, 9S 
 Love, verb, 84 
 
 , sub., 85 
 
 Lovely, 22 
 Loves, 92 
 Low, 73 
 Luscious, 68 
 Luxuriously, 66 
 Lydian, 116 
 
 Madness, 77, 81, 133 
 Magnificent, 35 
 Magnitude, 95 
 
 Maintains, 91 
 Majesty, 119 
 Malady, 134 
 Male, 25 
 Malicious, 49 
 Maltese, 116 
 Man, 24 rem., 25, 
 
 118 rem. 
 Mankind, 125 
 Manliness, 34 
 Manner, 88 
 Man-servant, 134 
 Marcus, 121 
 Maritime, 132 
 Mark, 121 
 Market-place, 119 
 Marshy, 107 
 Master, 17, 31 
 Matter, 28 rem. 
 Maxim, 1 rem. 
 May, 120 
 Me, 106, 115 
 Mean, 59 
 Means, 66 rem., £\ 
 
 rem., 122 
 Meat, 33, 77 
 Mechanical, 91 
 Medicine, 31 
 Meek, 44 
 Megara, 111 
 Mellow, 44 
 Merchant, 19 
 Merciful, 62 
 Merry, 98 
 Messenger, 16 
 Metal, 47 
 Metiscus, 127 
 Middle, 102 
 
 of, 102 
 
 Middling, 135 
 Midst, 102 
 Mild, 44, 59, 132 
 Mildness, 33 
 Military, 91 
 • discipline, 
 
 133 
 Milk, 134 
 Miltiades, 111 
 Mimics, 129 
 Mind, 37, 95 rem. 
 Mine, 20 
 Mirthful, 98 rem. 
 Mischief, 109 rem. 
 Mischievous, 4 rem. 
 
 86 
 Miser, 103 
 Misfortune, 119 
 Mishap, 119 
 Mistress, 31 
 Moderate, 60 
 
 K 3 
 
114 
 
 ENGLISH INDEXo 
 
 Modern, 105 
 Modest, 105 
 Modesty, 61 
 Money, 32,125 rem. 
 Mouth, 41 
 Moon, 79 
 Moral, 13 
 More, adv., 66, 82 
 
 rem., 108 
 
 ■ , adj., 97 
 
 , easily, 108 
 
 Morose, 118 
 Mortal, 40 
 Most, 82 rem. 
 Mother, 1 
 Mountain, 69 
 Much, adj., 13, 102, 
 
 123 
 , adv., 52. 54, 
 
 100, 112 
 Munificent, 89 
 Must, 102 rem., 120 
 Mutable, 59, 118 
 My, 20, 87 rem.. 104 
 
 rem., 131 rem. 
 Myself, 106 
 
 Nsevius, 127 
 Name, 95, 3 34 rem 
 Naples, 99 
 Napoleon, 39 
 Narrow, 89 
 Nasty, 86 
 Nation, 125, 131 
 Native soil, 87 
 Nature, 47 
 Necessary, 67, 97 
 Need, 103 
 Needful, 97 
 Negligence, 53 
 Negligent, 62 
 Neighbour, 85 
 Neither, 74, 128 
 Neptune, 127 
 Nero, 121 
 Never, 58 
 
 more, 82 rem. 
 
 Nevertheless, 48 
 New, 123 
 Newness, 113 
 News, 16 
 Next, 66, 86 
 Niggardly, HSrem. 
 Night, 63 
 No, 36, 100, 122 rem. 
 Nobility, 45 
 Noble, 36 rem., 44, 
 
 55,98 
 Nobleman, 17 
 
 Nobody, 25 
 None, 36 
 Nor, 74, 128 
 Not, 12, 54, 84, 92, 
 
 100,112, 122 rem., 
 at all, 66 rem., 
 
 122 
 
 intheleast,122 
 
 so, 82 
 
 not the less, 60 
 
 rem. 
 
 very, 122 
 
 Noted, 44 
 Nothing, 45,124 rem 
 ■ at all, 124 
 
 rem. 
 Nourishes, 129 
 Novelty, 113 
 Now, 100, 108 
 Nowhere, 58 
 Noxious, 30 
 Number, 95 
 Nut, 63 
 
 O! 108 
 
 — that! 103 
 Obey, 84 
 Obliging, 59 
 Obscure, 67 
 Observes, 114 
 Occasion, 103, 133 
 Occupation, 28 rem. 
 Odious, 49 
 Of, 42, 72 rem., 102 
 
 rem., 131 rem. 
 
 — great renown, 98 
 
 — hers, 131 rem. 
 
 — high birth, 44 
 
 — his, 131 rem. 
 
 — its, 131 rem. 
 
 — ours, 131 rem. 
 
 — vours, 131 rem. 
 Offensive, 86 
 Often, 12, 100 
 Oftener, 100 
 Oil, 134 
 Old, 62, 89 
 
 age, 85 
 
 man, 24 
 
 woman, 24, 33 
 
 Olive, 109 
 
 tree, 109 
 
 Omega, 125 
 Omen, 95 
 On fire, 114 
 
 — foot, 107 
 
 — horseback, 107 
 Once, 100, 108 
 One, 25, 51, 131 rem. 
 One another, 128 
 
 One's own, 20, 87 
 
 self, 106 
 
 Only, adj., 51 
 
 , adv., 66 
 
 Open, 51 
 
 Openly, 88 
 
 Opinion, 79, 131 
 
 Opportune, 118 
 
 Opportunity, 133 
 
 Opulent, 65 
 
 Or, 10, 74, 82, 112, 
 128, 131 rem. 
 
 Orange, 103 
 
 Oration, 79 
 
 Orator, 103 
 
 Order, 125 
 
 Ostrich, 31 
 
 Other, 22,60 
 
 people's bu- 
 siness, 86 rem. 
 
 Otherwise, 54, 82 
 
 Ought, 102 rem.,120 
 
 Our, 26, 131 rem. 
 
 Ours, 26 
 
 Out of danger, 86 
 
 Outward, 89 
 
 Overshadows, 129 
 
 Overthrows, 129 
 
 Own, 20, 87, 104 
 rem. 
 
 Ox, 83 
 
 Oyster, 83 
 
 Pain, 95 
 Palace, 41 
 Palrenion, 121 
 Palaeopolis, 99 
 Pan, 127 
 Pardon, 57 
 Parent, 25 
 Part, 27, 42 
 Partial to, 84 rem. 
 Partnership, 29 
 Passable, 135 
 Passion, 87 
 Passionate, 72 
 Past, 108 
 Paternal, 80 
 Path, 11 
 Patience, 131 
 Patient, 62 
 Paul, 127 
 Peace, 63 
 Peaceful, 98 
 Peacock, 83 
 Pear, 103 rem. 
 Peasant, 103 
 Pebble, 134 
 Pelopidas, 111 
 People, 21, 86 
 
 Perfect, 67 
 Perfume, 103 
 Perhaps, 58 
 Perish, 101 
 Pernicious, 30 
 Perpetual, 123 
 Person, 24, 118 rem 
 Personage, 118 rem. 
 Perspicuously, 88 
 Pest, 87 
 Pestilent, 89 
 Philip, 99 
 Philosopher, 28 
 Philosophy, 28 
 Phocion, 111 
 Physic, 34 
 Physician, 95 
 Picture, 64 
 Piety, 131 
 Pilot, 119 
 Pine-tree, 113 
 Pious, 71 
 Pisistratus, 127 
 Pitiable, 59 
 Pitiless, 118 
 Place, 11 
 Plain, 113 
 Plainly, 88 
 Plan, 19 rem. 
 Plato, 121 
 Play, 113 
 Pleasant, 98 rem. 
 Pleased, 105 
 Pleases, 93 
 Pleasing, 35, 68, 98 
 
 rem. 
 Pleasure, 79 
 Pledge, 125 
 Pledged, 129 
 Pliant, 44 
 Pluto, 121 
 Poem, 113 
 Poet, 61 
 
 Poisonous, 4 rem. 
 Polite, 135 
 Politic, 132 
 Poor, 65 
 Popilius, 111 
 Poplar-tree, 21 
 Populace, 21 
 Populous, 97 
 Position, 57 
 Poverty, 69 
 Power, 37, 75, 86, 
 
 119 
 Powerful, 44, 97 
 Practice, 53,76,131 
 Practise, 93 
 Praetor, 96 
 Praise, 21 
 
ENGLISH IKDEX. 
 
 115 
 
 Praised, 102 
 Praiseworthy, 102 
 Prattle, 131 
 Precept, 1 
 Preceptor, 81 
 Precious, 30 
 Pre-eminent, 72 
 Preparation, 87 
 Prepared, 80 
 Preparing, 87 
 Present, sub., 43 
 
 , adv., 108 
 
 Presently, 108 
 Pressed. 123 
 Pretty, 22, 105 
 Priest, 113 
 Priestess, 113 
 Prince, 24 
 Princess, 24 
 Principal, sub., 24 
 
 , adj., 118 
 
 Prison, 77 
 Private, 89 
 Probity, 95 
 Prodigious, 97 
 Productive, 67 
 Profane, 123 
 Prolific, 80 
 Prominent, 72 
 Pronounced, 132 
 Property, 28 rem. 
 Propitious, 98 
 Prosperity, 64 
 Prosperous, 86 
 Protects, 93 
 Proud, 36 rem., 89 
 Province, 53 rem. 
 Prudence, 103 
 Prudent, 62 
 Public, 89 
 
 execution,64 
 
 Punishment, 21, 64 
 Pupil, 27 
 Pure, 15 
 Purpose, 19 rem. 
 
 Quadruped, 133 
 Quality, 34 
 Quarrelsome, 123 
 Queen, 19 
 Quickly, 88 
 Quiet, 89 
 Quite, 52, 122 
 
 Raging, 114 
 Raised, 129 
 Rapid, 107 
 Rapidlv. 88 
 Rare, 71 
 ttarely, 88 
 
 Rashly, 88 
 Raven, 31 
 Read, 84, 92, 102 
 Readable, 102 
 Reading, 92 rem. 
 Reads, 92 
 Ready, 80 
 Real, 67 
 Really, 108 
 Reason. 53 
 Rebuked, 102 
 Receive, 101 , 
 Red, 71 
 Reddish, 36 
 Refuge, 109, 
 Region, 63 
 Relentless, 55 
 Relieved, 101 
 Remains, 92 
 Remarkable, 91, 102 
 Remedy, 34, 131 
 Remember, 129 
 Remiss, 118 
 Renowned, 44 
 Repetition, 131 
 Reprehensible, 102 
 Representation, 64 
 Reptile, 17 rem., 83 
 Republic, 75 
 Reputation, 113 
 Rescued, 129 
 Resemblance, 64 
 Rest, 33, 102 
 Restrain, 101 
 Reward, 21 
 Rhea, 127 
 Rich, 65 rem. 
 Ridiculous, 105 
 Right, sub., 17, 69 
 
 , adj., 98 
 
 hand, 125 
 
 Righteous, 18 
 Ring, 47 
 Ripe, 44 
 Rising, 109 
 River, 75, 85 rem. 
 Road, 11 
 Robust, 71 
 Rock, 77 
 Roman, adj.-, 116 
 
 , sM&.,116rem.3 
 
 Rome, 39 
 Roof, 53, rem. 
 Root, 109 
 Rose, 113 
 Rough, 23 
 Royal, 89 
 Rude, 23, 44 
 Rugged, 23, 44 
 Ruin, 87 
 
 Rule, 1 rem. 
 Ruler, 37, 131 
 Run, 101 
 
 Sacred, 98, 123 
 Sad, 59 
 Safe, 86 
 Safety, 134 
 Sagacious, 97 
 Said, 114 
 Sailor, 103 
 Salubrious, 107 
 Salutary, 59 
 Same, 86 
 Sane, 30 
 Satisfied, 18 
 Sauce, 76 
 Say, 84, 114, 129 
 Says, 114 
 Saying, 131 
 Scanty, 89 
 Scent, 131 
 Scholar, 27 
 School-fellow, 61 
 
 rem. 
 Schoolmaster, 31 
 
 rem. 
 Science, 109 
 Scythian, adj., 116 
 , sub., 116 
 
 rem. 
 Sea, 19, 75 
 Season, 33 
 Second, 86 
 Secret, 118 
 Secure, 86 
 Sedulous, 71 
 See, 84, 92 
 Seems, 114 
 Sees, 92 
 Segesta, 111 
 Seized, 129 
 Seldom, 88 
 Self, 106 
 Self-denying, 62 
 Semiramis, 99 
 Send, £2 rem. 
 Sensible, 72 
 Serene, 35 
 Serious, 15 
 Serpent, 83 
 Servant, 32 
 Serve, 84 
 Set at liberty, 129 
 Setting, 109 
 Severe, 15, 68 rem. 
 Severity, 69 
 Shadow, 109 
 Shady, 105 
 Shall be, 96 
 
 Shameful, 44 
 Shape, 87 
 Sharp, 55, 107 
 She, 50 rem.,56 rem, 
 
 90 
 
 herself, 76 
 
 who, 46 
 
 Ship, 103 
 Shop, 57 
 Shore, 95 
 Short, 40 
 Shortness, 61 
 Should,102rem.,120 
 Shout, 69 
 Shun, 93 
 
 Sicilian, adj., 116 
 sub,, 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 Sicily, 99 
 Sick, 23 
 Sickly, 30 
 Silent, 118 
 Silly, 62, 102 
 Silver, 47 
 Similar, 91 
 Simple, 97 
 Since that, 74 
 Sincere, 104 
 Sinful, 4 rem. 
 Single, 51, 68, 97 
 Singular, 68 
 Sister, 3 
 Site, 57 
 Situated, 89 
 Skilful, 105, 118 
 Skill, 85 
 
 Skirmish, 119 rem. 
 Sky, 41 
 Slave, 32 
 Sleep, 134 
 Slender, 36 rem., 91 
 Slightly, 88 
 Slim, 91 
 Slothful, 65, 91 
 Slow, 23, 118 
 Sly, 9 
 
 Small, 6, 132 
 Smell, 131 
 Smiling, 98 rem. 
 Snow, 63 
 So, 48, 54, 66, 82 
 
 100, 102, 122 rem* 
 
 128, rem. 
 
 — as, 12S 
 
 — great as, 128 
 
 — much, 102 
 
 as, 128 
 
 Sober, 36 
 Sociable, 102 
 Society, 29 
 
116 
 
 Socrates, 99 
 Soil, 53 
 Soft, 44 
 Soldier, 28 
 Sole, 53 rem. 
 Solid, SO, US 
 Solomon, 121 
 Solon, 111 
 Some,70rem.,7S,132 
 
 one, 78 
 
 Something-, 78 
 Sometimes, 12 
 Somewhat, 97 
 Son, 5 
 Song, 32 
 Soon, 100 
 Soothsayer, 134 
 Sordid, 59 
 Sorrow, 57 
 Sort, 73 
 Soul, 37 
 Sound, 30, 86 
 Soup, 17 
 Sour, 107 
 Source, 113 
 Sovereign, 37 
 Sown, 89 
 Spacious, G7, 123 
 Sparrow, 83 
 Spartan, 55 
 Speak, 84, 114, 129 
 Speaks, 114 
 Spectre, 64 
 Speech, 79 
 Spendthrift, 119 
 Spiee, 75 
 Spirit, 37:' 
 Spirited, 105 
 Splendid, 35 
 Spoke, 114 
 Sport, 113 
 Sportive, 98 rem. 
 Spring, 85 
 Stag, 31 
 Stagnant, 65 
 Stain, 33 rem. 
 Stamp, 125 rem. 
 Star, 134 rem. 
 State, 75 
 
 Stately, 36, rem., 67 
 Statue, 64 
 Steal, 92 rem. 
 Step, 32 
 Sterile, 40 
 Stern, 60 
 Stick, 47 
 Still, 66 
 
 Stone, 77, 132 rem, 
 Stormy, 86 
 Stout, 132 
 
 ENGLISH INDEX, 
 
 Straight, 36 rem., 
 
 98 
 Straining, 61 
 Strange, 68 
 Strength, 75 
 stretched forth, 129 
 Strife, 119 rem. 
 Strong, 44, 89, 132 
 Struck out, 114 
 Structure, 113 rem. 
 Study, 75, 93 
 Studies, 93 
 Stupid, 67 
 Stupidity, 133 
 Sublime, 73, 98 
 Success, 64 
 Sugar, 7 
 Sun, 79 
 
 Supper, 103 rem. 
 Supplication, 64. 
 Sure, 49 
 Surpassing, 72 
 Suspected, 105 
 Swallow, 83 
 Swan, 83 
 Sweet, 68 
 Swift, 62, 107 
 Swiftly, 88 
 Syracuse, 111 
 Syracusian, adj.,116 
 , sub., 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 
 Table, 43 
 Taken, 80 
 Tall, 6, 36, rem. 98 
 Talkative, 97 
 Tarquin, 111 
 Tart, 23 
 Teach, 101 
 Teacher, 31 
 Tell, 84, 114, 129 
 Tells, 114 
 Temperate, 62, 132 
 Temple, 113 
 Tender, 123 
 Tent, 125 
 Terrible, 60 
 Territory, 53, rem, 
 Testy, 60 
 Than, 48, 112 
 Thankful, 35 
 Thankless, 35 
 That, dem. y 14, 50 
 
 , rel., 46 
 
 , pers., 50 rem. 
 
 ,conj., 74, 108, 
 
 112,114 rem. 
 — same, 76 
 yery, 76 
 
 That which, 46 
 
 The, 3 rem. 
 
 ■ one, the other, 
 
 128 
 
 same, 86 
 
 very, 76 
 
 Theatre, 119 
 Theban, adj., 116 
 ■ sub., 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 Thee, 106, 115 
 Their, 87, 104 rem. 
 Themistocles, 99 
 Then, 74, 100, 112 
 Thence, 108 
 There, adv., 54 
 
 ,pron., 56 rem 
 
 Therefore, 10, 74 
 Thick, 89 
 Thief, 63 
 Thin, 71 
 Thine, 20 
 
 Thing, 28, 118 rem. 
 Think, 93 
 Thinks, 93 
 Third, 51 
 Thirst, 87, 134 
 This, 14 
 
 ■ same, 76 
 
 Thou, 38 rem., 90 
 
 rem. 
 Though, 48 
 Thought, 129 
 Thoughtless, 102 
 Threatens, 129 
 Threshold, 45 
 Thrice, 58 
 Thrift, 81 
 Thus, 66, 82 
 Thy, 20, 104 rem., 
 Thyself, 106 
 Tiger, 113 
 Time, 77, 95, 108, 
 
 112 
 
 of life, 81 
 
 Timely, 118 
 Timid, 60, 105 
 Timotheus, 127 
 Timothy, 127| 
 Tin, 131 
 Tiny, 105 
 Tired, 123 
 Titus, 127 
 To, 120 rem. 
 
 — be, 84 
 
 aux., 102,122 
 
 — have, 84 
 
 « been, 84 
 
 — thee, 115 
 
 — us, 115 
 
 To what end, 100 
 
 — you, 115 
 
 — day, 100 
 Toga, 109 
 Together, 132 
 Toil, 79 
 Told, 114 
 Tolerable, 135 
 Tomorrow, 100 
 Tongue, 79 
 Too, 48, 54 
 
 much, adv., 54 
 
 , adj., 122 
 
 Took, 129 
 Tortoise, 131 
 Tower, 103 
 Town, 39 
 Tractable, 44 
 Tranquil, 98 
 Transaction,28rem, 
 Treasure, 79 
 Tree, 103 
 Trench, 113 
 Trivial, 73 
 Trojan, adj., 116 
 
 , sub., 116, 
 
 rem. 3 
 Trouble, 109 
 Troublesome, 44, 4S 
 Troy, 111 
 True, 67, 89 
 Truly, 52 rem. 
 Trust, 87, 93, 
 Trusty, 89 
 Trustworthy, 49 
 Truth, 43, 85, 108 
 Turnus, 127 
 Tutor,' 31 rem. 
 Twelfth, 51 
 Twice, 58 
 Twig, 103 
 Two, 60 
 
 ■ edged, 72 
 
 ■ footed, 65 
 
 Tyranny, 47 
 Tyrant, 47 
 
 Ugly, 4 rem. 
 Ulysses, 111 
 Un, 133 rem. 
 
 — buried, 118 
 
 — certain, 49 
 
 ■ — changeable, 59 
 
 — derstand, 84 
 
 — doubtedly, 52 
 rem. 
 
 — dutiful, 13 
 
 — equal, 97 
 
 — even, 55 
 
 — favourable, 88 
 
ENGLISH INDEX. 
 
 in 
 
 Unfortunate, 80 
 
 — grateful, 35 
 
 — happy, 80 
 
 — healthy, 30 
 Universe, 53 
 Unjust, 9 
 
 — kind, 35 
 
 — less/74 
 
 — like, 91, 97 
 
 — lucky, 98 
 
 — paralleled, 102 
 
 — pleasant, 49 
 
 — reasonable, 9 
 
 — ripe, 60 
 
 — seasonable, 86 
 
 — seen, 105 
 
 — skilful, 105 
 
 — steady, 91 
 
 — teachable, 73 
 
 — til, 58 
 
 — warlike, 59 
 
 — well, 23 
 Upright, 13 
 Us, 38, 115 
 Useful, 40 
 Useless, 40 
 
 Valley, 113 
 Valuable, 30 
 Vanquished, 67 
 Variation, 125 
 Vast, 71 
 Vehement, 72 
 t Venetian, 116 
 Venus, 121 
 Verily, 108 
 Verres, 111 
 Very, 54, 123 rem. 
 
 greatly, 48 
 
 much, 48. 112 
 
 • often, 12 
 
 Vespasian, 121 
 Vesta, 127 
 Vestal, 68 
 Vice, 33 
 Viceroy, 95 
 Vicious, 51 
 Victoria, 27 
 Vigorous, 107 
 Vile, 44 
 Villa, 131 
 
 Villain, 64 Whether or not ? Work, 61, 79 
 Villany. 64 94, rem. World,41, 53 rem 
 
 Violence, 75 Which, 46. 60, 78 Worshipful, 73 
 
 Violent, 97 ■ of the two, Worth reading, 102 
 
 Virgil, 99 60 Worthily, 52 
 
 Virgin, 125 Whilst, 58, 129 rem. Worthless, 13 
 
 Virtue, 3i White, 15, 118 Worthy, 97 
 
 Voice, 63 Who, 46 rem. ■ of blame, 
 
 Void, 97 Whole, 42 102 rem. 
 
 Voluptuous, 118 of, 42, 102 praise, 102 
 
 Vulgar, 86 
 
 Waits, 92 
 Wall, 45 
 Want, 104 
 Wanted, 104 
 Wants, 104 
 War, 11 
 Warlike, 71 
 Warm, 9 
 Was, 96, 129 
 Water, 7 
 Way, 11 
 We, 38 
 
 Weak, 4 rem., 91 
 Weakening, 91 
 Wealthy, 65 
 Wearied, 123 
 Weather, 41 
 Weight, 81 
 Welcome, 130 
 Well, 52, 86 
 
 ■ disciplined, 60 
 
 ■ known, 44 
 
 Were, 96, 124 
 West wind, 21 
 What, 46, 73, 78 
 
 rem., 82 rem .,100, 
 
 102, 121 rem. 
 name, 134, 
 
 rem. 
 
 sort of a, 73 
 
 Whatever, 124 rem. 
 When, 82, 129 rem. 
 Where, 54, 108 
 Whereas, 112 
 Wherefore, 82 
 Wherever, 58 
 Whether, 82 rem,, 
 
 94 rem., 112 rem. 
 
 rem. 
 Wholesome, 30, 107 
 Wholesomely, 88 
 Wholly, 52 
 Whose, 132 
 Why, 82 rem. 
 
 - no, 122 
 
 not, 112 
 
 Wicked, 80 
 
 Wickedness, 64,109 Writer, 25 
 
 Would, 108 
 
 ■ have been, 
 
 124 
 
 that, 108 
 
 Wound, 113 
 Wounded, 118 
 Wraps, 114 
 Wretched, 22 
 Write, 101, 117 
 
 rem. 
 Wide, 89 
 Wife, 25, 41 rem. 
 Wild, 27 rem. 
 
 beast, 27 
 
 Wilfully, 88 
 Will, 104 
 
 , sub., 119 
 
 , aux., 129 
 
 be, 96 
 
 Willed, 104 
 Willingly, 88 
 Wills, 104 
 Wily, 105 
 Wind, 21 
 Wine, 1 
 Winged, 107 
 Wisdom, 103 
 Wise, 66 rem 
 Wish, 104 
 Wished, 104 
 Wishes, 104 
 Without, 74, 97 
 Wolf, 83 
 Woman, 24, 25, 118 
 
 rem. 
 Wonderful, 59 
 Wood, 43, 132 
 Wooden, 132 
 Woodland, 107 
 Word, 77 
 
 Writes, 117 
 Written, 51 
 Wrong, 125 
 Wronged, 118 
 
 Xantippe, 99 
 Xenophon, 121 
 Xerxes, 99 
 
 Yea, 74 
 Year, 33 
 Yellow, 67 
 Yes, 74, 122 
 
 ■ , I do, 122 rem. 
 
 ■ , it is, 122 rem. 
 
 Yesterday, 100 
 Yet, 48, 54, 110 rem. 
 Yoke, 93 
 You, 38 rem., 90 
 
 rem., 106, 115 
 Young man, 24 
 
 woman, 24 
 
 Your,20,26,87,rem 
 
 104 rem., 131 
 
 rem. 
 Yours, 20, 26 rem. 
 
 131 rem. 
 Yourself, 106 
 Youth, 95 
 
 Zaleucus, 127 
 
 *** The grammatical denomination of a word, when not given in the vocals 
 laries, will be found in the Latin Index. 
 
LATIN INDEX. 
 
 The Numbers refer to the Exercises, not to the Pages, 
 
 Abies, etis,* f. 134 Africanus, i,m.H6 Amor, oris, m. 85 
 
 rem. 3 Amplitudo, dinis, 
 Africus, a, um, 116 f. 95 
 
 i, m. 116 Araplius, adv. 108 
 
 rem. 3 Ampins, a, um, 67 
 
 Ager, gri, m. 29 An, adv. 82 rem. 
 Agesilaus, ai, m. 91 rem. 
 
 121 Anceps, anclpltis, 
 Acer, cris, ere, 107 Agger, eris, m. 109 adj. 72 
 
 Acerbus, a, um, 60 Agitur, v. pass. 114 Anglia, se, f. 99 
 
 Aeerra, ?e, m. 121 Agricola, se, m. 103 Anglicanus, a, um, 
 Acies, ei, f. 119 rem. Ahenus, a, um, 132 116 
 
 Acutus, a, um. 55. Alacer, cris, ere, 107 i, m. 116 
 
 Adhuc, adv. 66 Albertus, i, m. 27 rem. 3 
 
 Admirabilis, e, 59 Albus, a, um, 15 Anglicus, a,um,116 Astutus, 
 
 Abire, v. n. 84 
 Absurdus, a, um, 
 105 
 Abundnt, v. n. 93 
 Ac, coni. 112 rem., 
 
 126, 123 
 Accipere, v. act. 101 
 
 Alcibiades, is, m. 
 121 
 
 Architectus, i, m. 
 
 134 
 Ardet, v. n. & act. 
 
 114 
 Argentum. i, n. 47, 
 
 125 rem.' 
 Arrogans,tis,adj.65 
 Ars, artis, f. 85 
 Ascanius, ii, m. 127 
 Asia, se, f. 99 
 Asinus, i, m. 31 
 Asper, era, erum,23 
 Assiduus, a, um,71 
 Astrum, i, n. 134 
 
 um, 132 
 
 i, m. 116, Assuetus,a,um,132 
 rem. 3 At, conj. 110 rem. 
 
 Alexander, dri, m. Angustus, a, um, 89 Ater, tra, trum, S3 
 99 Anima, ae, f. 37 Atheniensis, is,adj 
 
 Animal, alis, n. 17 116 rem. 3 
 
 rem. Atque, conj. 112, 
 
 Animosus,a,um,105 126, 128, 129 rem. 
 Animus ; i,m.37rem. Atrox, ocis, adj. 65 
 Anne, interro; part. Atticus, i, m. 99 
 94 rem. Auctor, oris, c. g. 25 
 
 Admodum, adv. 54 
 Adversarius, ii, m. 
 
 109 
 Adversus, a,um, 86 
 
 iEdificat, v. act. 93 Alienus, a, um, 86 
 ^Edincium, ii, n. 61 Alit, v. act. 129 
 JFAis, is, f. 113 rem. Aliter, adv. 54 
 JEger, gra, grum,23 Alius, a, ud, 60 
 ^Egritudo,dinis,f.57 Alius-alius, 128 
 ^Egrotus, a, um, 30 Allevabat,v.act.l29 
 iEgyptius, a, um, Alnus, i, f. 103 Annulus, i, m. 47 Auctoritas,atis, f.61 
 
 116 Alter, era, 6 ram, 22 Annus, i, m. 33. Audacter, adv. 88 
 
 ■ ii, m. 116 Alter-alter, 128 Ante, adv. 100 Audax, acis, adj. 72 
 
 rem. 3 Altus,a,um,36rem, Antea, adv. 100 Audens, tis, adj. 65 J 
 
 JEquabilis, e, 91 55 rem. Antequam, adv. 100 Audio,v. act.92 rem 
 
 iEquse adv, 82 Amabilis, e, 91 Antigone, es, f. 127 Audire, v. act. 84 
 
 ae, 128 Amans, tis, adj. 97 Antigonus, i, m.127 Audis, v.act.92rem 
 
 ■ — -—atque, 128 Amare,v.act.84rem. Antiqtius, a, um, 89 Audit, v. act. 92| 
 Aer. aeris, acc.aera, Amarus, a,um, 132 Antonius, ii, m. 121 rem. 
 
 plu. aeres, m. 131 Amas, v. act. 92 Anus, Cis, f. 33 Augur, Qris, m. 134 
 
 iEs. {en:;, n. 125 Amat, v. act. 92 Apertus, a, um, 51 Aura, se, f. 79 
 — alienum, i, n. 125 Arnica, se, f. 32 Apes, is, f. 19 Aureus, a, um, 132 
 
 jEstas, atis, f. 85 Amicitia, se, f. 95 Apis, is, f. 19 Aurum, i, n. 47 
 
 iEtas, atis, f. 81 Amicus, a, um, 105 Apparatuses, m. 87 Auspicium,ii. n.9. r 
 
 ^E tern us, a, um,71 i, m. 32 Aqua, se, f. 7 Aut,conj.l0rem.,l,: 
 
 Afferre, v. act. 101 Amnis, is m. or f. Arbor, oris, f. 103 Autem, conj. 110 
 Afflictus, a, um, 67 75, 85 rem. Arbos, oris, f. 103 Auxiliator, oris, m 
 
 Africanui,a,um, 116 Amo, y, act. 92 Arcbelaus, i, m. 121 131 
 
 : Tbe abbreviation Ztls is a contraction of abietis, genitive caso- erf alAes, and da 
 
 notes that abies is a noun of the third declension. (See Declensions in Appendix 
 
 i i 
 fa] 
 
 c; 
 * r. 
 
LATIN INDEX. 
 
 113 
 
 Avaritia, 33, f. 53 
 Avarus, i, in. 103, 
 
 . • — - a, nm, 105 
 
 Ave,interj . 130 rem. 
 Avis, is, f. 19 
 
 Bacillus, i, m. 47 
 
 rem. 
 Baculum, i, n. 47 
 Baculus, i, m. 47 
 Beatus, a. urn, 80, 
 
 132 
 Bellicosus, a, um,71 
 Bellua, 33, f. 27 rem. 
 Bellum, i, n. 11 
 Bellus, a, nm, 105 
 Bene, adv. 52 
 vale, v. neut. 
 
 and interj. 130 
 Beneficinm, ii. n. 64 
 B enefi cu s, a , urn .118 
 Benevolentia, se, f. 
 
 109 
 Benignus, a, am, 55 
 Bibere, v. act. 101 
 Bipes, bipedis, adj. 
 
 65 
 Bis, adv. 58 
 Blandus, a, um, 118 
 Bonum, i, u. 109. 
 Bonus, a, um, 2 
 Bos, bovis, c. g. 83 
 Brennus, i, m. Ill 
 Ere vis, e, 40 
 Brevitas^ atis, f. 81 
 Britannia, 33, f. 99 
 Britannicus, a.uin, 
 
 116 
 i, in. 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 Britannus, a, um, 
 
 116 
 i,m. 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 Brito, tonis, m. 99 
 
 Cascus, a, um, 123 
 Caesar, aris, m. Ill 
 Calidus, a, um, 9 
 Callidus, a, um, 9 
 Calumnia, 83, f. 69 
 Campester, tris,tre, 
 
 107. 
 Campus, i, m. 113 
 Candidus,a,um, 118 
 Canis, is, c. g. 25 
 Cantus. us, m. 32 
 Capitalis, e, 91 
 Captus, a, um, 80 
 Caput, Itis, 113 
 
 Career, gris, m. 77 
 Caritas, atis, f. 103 
 Caro, carnis, 77 
 Carolus, i. m. 99 
 Carthaginiensis, is, 
 
 116 rem. 
 Carthago, glnis, f. 
 
 Ill 
 Carus, a, um, 51 
 Casa, se, f. 134 
 Catalina, 83, m. 99 
 Cato, onis, m. 121 
 Causa, a?,, f. 57 
 Cavus, a, um, 89 
 Cedit, v.neut. 93 
 Celeber, bris, bre, 
 
 107 
 Celer, oris, ere, 107 
 Celsus, a, um, 36 
 
 rem. 
 Cepit, v. act. 129 
 Ceres, 6ns, f. 39 
 Certe, adv. 88 
 Certus, a, um, 49 
 Cervus, i, m, 31 
 Chremes, is, or etis, 
 
 m. 99 
 Christus, 1, m. 127 
 Cibus, i, m. 33 
 Cicero, onis, m. Ill 
 Cincinnatus. i, m. 
 
 127 
 Cito, adv. 88 
 Civis, is, e.g. 2S 
 Civitas, atis, f. 75 
 Clamor, oris, m. 69 
 Clarus, a, um, 55 
 Clemens, tis, adj. 62 
 Cleopatra, se, f. 121 
 Codrus, i, m. 121 
 Coelnm, i, n, 41 
 Coena, aa, f. 103 rem. 
 Cognoscere, v. act. 
 
 101 
 Cohibere, v. act. 101 
 Colis, v. act. and 
 
 neut. 93 
 Colit, v. act. and 
 neut. 93 
 Colo, v. act. and 
 
 neut. 93 
 Color, oris, m. 63 
 Comedit, v. act. 114 
 Comes, Stis, c. g. 61 
 
 rem. 
 Comis, e, 59 
 Coin i tat ur, v. dep. 
 
 act. 129 
 Commendatio. onis, 
 , f. 131 
 
 Communis, e, 59 
 Compositus, a, um, 
 
 89 
 Compreliendit, v. 
 
 act. 129 
 Concilium, ii, n. 19 
 Condimentum, i, n. 
 
 75 
 Conditio, onis, f. 131 
 Conjunctio, onis, f. 
 
 95 
 Conjunctus, a, um, 
 
 102 
 Coujuratus,i, m. 113 
 Conjux, tlgis, e.g. 41 
 Conquisitus, a, um, 
 
 105 
 Conscientia, 83, f. 95 
 Consecratus, a, um, 
 
 98 
 Conservat,v. act. 93 
 Consilium, ii, n. 3, 
 
 19 rem. 
 Consitus, a, um, 89 
 Consolatur, v. dep. 
 
 act. 129 
 Consors, tis, c. g. 29 
 
 rem. 
 Constructus, a, um, 
 
 89 
 Consul, ulis, m. 85 
 Contentio,onis,f.61 
 Contentus, a, um, 18 
 Continens,entis,adj . 
 
 62 
 Coquus, i, m. 53 
 Corinthus, i. f. 127 
 Corona, se, f. 131 
 Corpus, oris, n. 77 
 Corrup tus,a,um ,118 
 Corvus, i, m. 31 
 Cras, adv. 100 
 Crassus, a, um, 89 
 Credere, v. act. and 
 
 neut. 84 
 Credis, v. act. and 
 
 neut. 93 
 Credit, v. act. and 
 
 neut. 93 
 Credo, v. act. and 
 
 neut. 93 
 Credulus, a, um, 89 
 Crimen, mis, n. 69 
 Croesus, i, m. Ill 
 Crudelis, e, 40 
 Cujus, a, um, 132 
 Culex, Icis, m. 131 
 Culpa, 83, f. 69 
 Cum, adv. 82, 129 
 
 rem, 
 
 Cunctus, a, um, 42 
 Cupiditas,atis, f. 87 
 Cur, adv. 82 
 Curia, 83, f. 95 
 Curius, ii, m. 127 
 Currere, v. n. 101 
 Curvus, a, um, 51 
 Cygnus, i, m. 83 
 Cynegirus, i, m. 
 
 127 
 Cyprus, i, f. Ill 
 Cyrus, i, m, 111 
 
 Damocles, is, m. 121 
 Dare, v. act. 101 
 Darius, i, m. 127 
 Das, v. act. 93 
 Dat, v. act. 93 
 Datames, is, m. 121 
 Dea, aj, f. 39 
 Debeo, v. act. and 
 
 neut 120 
 Debes, v. act. and 
 
 neut. 120 
 Debet, v. act. and 
 
 neut. 120 
 December, bris, m. 
 
 53 
 Deceptio, onis, f. 
 
 125 
 Deceptus, a, um, 
 
 105 
 Dedit, v. act. 129 
 Defensor, oris, in. 
 
 103 
 Defmitio, onis, f. 
 
 103 
 Deiude, adv. 65 
 Delectat, v. act, 93 
 Delectus, a, um, 105 
 Delphinus,i, m. 134 
 Dementia, 83, f. 133 
 Demosthenes, is, m. 
 
 121 
 Densus, a, um, 89 
 Deses, Idis, adj. 65 
 Deus, i, c. g. 25 
 Dexter, tra, trum, 
 
 or tera, terum, 98 
 Dextra, 83, f. 125 
 Die, v. act. 129 
 Dicere, v. act. 84 
 Dicis, v. act. 114 
 Dicit, v.act. 114 
 Dicitur, v. pass. 114 
 Dico, v, act. 114 
 Dictator, oris, in. 61 
 Dictum, i, n. 131 
 Dies, ei, m. or f. 79 
 Dihicilis, e, 44 
 
120 
 
 LATIN INDEX. 
 
 Difficultas, litis, f. Electrum, i, n. 57 Exul, Glis, c. g. 57 Frigidus, a, um,0 
 
 119 Elegans, tis, adj. 97 Frigus, 5ris, n. 119 
 
 Digitus, i, m. 118 Elephantus, i, ra.83 Fades, ei, f. 133 Frons, tis, in. or f. 
 Dilatio, onis, f. 81 Elicitur, v.pass. 114 Facile, adv. 68 69 
 
 Diligens, tis, adj. 62 Eloquens,tis,adj.97 Facilis,e, 44 Fructuosus, a, una, 
 
 Diligentia, ae, f. 53 Eniru, conj. 74 Facilius, adv. 108 67 
 
 Diligere, v. act. 84 Epaminondas,ae,m. Facundus, a, um,S0 Fnga, ae, f. 41 
 
 rem. 99 Falsus, a, um, 132 Fugax, acis, adj. 62 
 
 Diogenes, is, m. Ill Ephesius, a, una, 116 Fama, ae, f. 113 Fugitivus, i, m. 95 
 
 Dionysius,ii,m. 121 — — i, m. 116 Fames, is, f, 43 Fui, v. sub. 96 
 
 Dirus, a, um, 123 rem. 3 Familiaris, is, m. 87 Fuisse, v. sub. 84 
 
 Dis,Ditis, m. 121 Epistola, ae, f. 85 Famulus, i, m. 134 Fuissem,v.sub. 124 
 Discere, v. act. 101 Equester, tris, tre, Fanum, i, n. 113 Fuisses, v. sub. 124 
 Disciplina, ae, f. 95 107 Februarius,ii, m. 53 Fuisset, v. sub. 124 
 
 - miiitaris, Equus, i, m. 16 Fecundus, a, um, 80 Fuisti, v. sub. 96 
 
 , 133 Eram, v. sub. 96 Felicitas, atis, f. 64 Fuit, v. sub. 96 
 
 Eris, v. sub. 96 
 Erit, v. sub. 96 
 Ero, v. sub. 98 
 Errare, v. ueut. 101 
 Es, v. sub. 90 
 Esse, v. sub. 84 
 
 Discipula, as, f. 27 Eras, v. sub. 96 
 
 Diseipulus, i, m. 27 Erat, v. sub. 96 
 
 Dissimiliu, e, 91 Ergo, conj. 10 
 
 Diu, adv. 100 
 
 Diutius, adVo 100 
 
 Dives, Itis, adj. 65 
 
 Divinns, a, um, 71 
 
 Dixi, v. act. 114 
 
 Dixisti, v. act 114 
 
 Dixit, v. act. 114 
 
 Do, v. act. 93 
 
 Docere, v. act. 101 
 
 Docilis, e, 73 
 
 Doctrina, ae, f. 103 
 
 Doctus, a, um, 36 
 
 Dolor, oris, m. 95 
 
 Domina, ae, f. 31 
 
 Dominus, i, m. 17 
 
 Domus, us, ori, f.34 Etiam, conj 
 
 Donum, i, n. 43 adv. 122 
 
 Dubius, a, um, 132 Etiam si, conj. 48 
 Dulcis, e, 68 Eugenia, ae, f. 39 
 
 Dum, adv. 58, 129 Europa, ae, f. 99 
 
 rem. Excellens, tis, adj, 
 
 Duodecimus, a, um, 97 
 
 51 Excelsus, a, um, 
 
 Durus, a, um, 15 36 rem. 
 
 Felis, is, f. 131 Fulmen, Inis, n. 125 
 
 Felix, Icis, adj. 80 Fur, furis, c. g. 63 
 
 Fera, ae, f. 27 Furit, v. neut. 114 
 
 Fere, adv. 66 Furor, oris, m. 77 
 
 Ferox, ocis, adj. 65 Futurus, a, um, 132 
 Ferreus, a, um, 132 
 
 rem. 
 Ferrum, i, n. 47 
 Fertilis, e, 40 
 
 Essem, v. sub. 124 Fessus, a, um, 123 
 Esses, v. sub. 124 Festus, a, um, 118 
 
 Esset, v. sub. 124 
 Est, v. sub. 8, 44 
 
 rem., 64 rem., 56 
 
 70,90 
 Esto, v. sub. 84 
 
 Fidelis, e, 59 
 Fideliter, adv, 88 
 Fides, ei, f. 87 
 Fidus, a, urn, 89 
 Filia, ae, f. 6 
 
 Et, conj. 10, 126.rem. Filius, ii, in. 5 
 
 Et-et, conj. 128 Finis, m. or f, 45 
 
 Firmus, a, um, 89 
 
 Flavus, a, um, 67 
 
 Flos, noris, m. 19 
 
 Gallicus, a, um, 116 
 Gallus, i, m. 103 
 Garrulitas, atis, f. 
 
 131 
 Gaudium, ii, n. 28 
 Generosus, a, um, 
 
 15, 65 rem. 
 Gens, tis, f. 125 
 
 humana, f. 125 
 
 Genus, eris, n. 81 
 Geometria, ae, f. 109 
 Germanus, a, um, 
 
 116 
 
 ■ i, m. 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 Flumen, inis, n. 85 Glaucus, a, um, 123 
 
 rem. Globus, i,m. 57 
 Fluvius, ii, m. 85 Gracilis, e, 91 
 Fluxus, a, um, 118 Gradus, us, m. 32 
 Foecundue.a, um, 80 Graecus, a,um, 116 
 Fcedus, a, um, 123 i, m. 116 
 
 ,m. 118 rem. Exceptio, onis, f. 69 Folium, ii, n. 119 
 Dux, dticis, c. g. 87 Exernplum, i, n. 11 Fons, tis, m. 113 Gramen, Inis, n. 16 
 
 Exercitatio, onis, f. Forma, ae, f. 87 Grandis, e, 98 
 
 Ea (f. of is), 50 rem. 53 Formidolosus,a,um, Gratus, a, um, 35 
 
 Eadem (f. of idem), Exiguus, a, um, 132 60 98 rem. 
 
 86 Exilium, ii, n. 57 Formica, ae, f. 79 Gravis, e, 68 
 
 Ebriositas,atis, f. 63 Eximius, a, um, 102 Formosus,a,um, 105 Gubernator, oris, 
 Ebur, oris, n. 109 Exitium, ii, n. 134 Fortasse, adv. 58 m. 119 
 
 Edax, acis, adj. 72 Expectatus, a, um, Fortis, e, 44 
 
 Edere, v. act. 101 118 Fortuna, ae, f. 57 Habeo, v. act. 92 
 
 Editus, a, um, 132 Expers, tis, adj. 97 Fortunatus, a, um, Habere, v. act. 84 
 Educatio/onis, f.113 Expertus,a,um, 118 118 Habes, v. act. 92 
 
 Egestas, atis, f. 119 Expetendus,a, um, Forum, i, n. 119 Habet, v. act. 92 
 Ego, pron. 38 102 Fragilis, e, 73 Habuisse, v. act. 84 
 
 Egregie, adv. 88 Exsul, filis, c. g. 57 Frater, tris, m. 3 Habuit, v. act. 129 
 Egregius,a,um, 132 Exterus, a, um, 89 Fraxinus, i, f. 113 Haec (fern, of hie), 
 Bhodum, interj.130 Extulit, v. act. 129 Fiequens,tis,adj.97 14 
 
LA1IN INDEX. 
 
 121 
 
 Hannibal, Slis, m. 
 121 
 
 Harmodius, ii, 127 
 Haud, adv. 100 
 Haudquaquani,adv. 
 
 122 
 Hebes, etis, 97 
 Hebrus, i. m. Ill 
 Here, adv. 100 
 Heri, adv. 100 
 Herodotus, i. in. 127 
 Heii, interj. 130 
 Hibernia, 83, f. 99 
 Hie, base, hoc, 14 
 — adv. 54 
 Hic-ille, 128 
 Hiccine ? adv. 100 
 Hierosolynia, 33, f. 
 
 Ill 
 Hilaris, e, 98 rem. 
 Hipparehus, i, m. 
 
 127 
 Hirundo, dinis, f. 83 
 Historia, 83, f. 69 
 Hoc (fe in. of hie), 14 
 Hodie, adv. 100 
 Hodiernus, a, urn, 
 
 105 
 Homerus, i, m. 99 
 Homo, inis, e.g. 24, 
 
 25 rem. 
 Honestus, a, um, 18 
 Honor, oris, m. 109 
 Honoratus, a, um, 
 
 118 
 Honos, oris, m, 109 
 Hora, as, f. 95 
 Horreum, i, n. 109 
 Hortus, i. m. 43 
 Hostis, is, c. g. 77 
 Humanus, a, um, 15 
 Humid us, a, um, 123 
 Humilis, e, 73 
 Hyacintkus, i, m. 57 
 
 Ibi, adv. 54 
 
 Id (neut. of is), 50 
 
 Idem, eadem, idem, 
 
 86 
 Igitur, conj. 74 
 Ignarus, a. um, 105 
 Ilia (fern, of ill a), 14 
 Hie, ilia, illud, 14, 
 
 50 rem., 128 
 Illiberalis, e, 59 
 Illud (neut. of ille), 
 
 14 
 Illustris, e, 91 
 Imbecillis, e, 91 
 I«iitatiQ, duis,£ 134 
 
 Imitatur, v. dep. 
 
 act. 129 
 Immensus, a, um,71 
 Immodicus, a, um, 
 
 132 
 Immortalis, e, 40 
 Immutabilis, e, 59 
 Imo, conj. 74. adv. 
 
 122 
 
 certe, adv. 122 
 
 etiam, adv. 122 
 
 Impar, aris, ad j . 97 
 Impedire, v.act. 101 
 Imperator, oris, m. 
 
 37 
 Imperiosus, a, um, 
 
 89 
 Imperitus, a, um, 
 
 105 
 Imperium, ii, n. 37 
 Impietas,atis, f. 125 
 Implumis, e, 73 
 Improbus, a, um, 13 
 imprudens, tis, adj. 
 
 97 
 Impudenter, adv.88 
 Incautus, a, um, 89 
 Incertus, a, um, 49 
 Inclytus, a, um, 98 
 Incuria, as, f. 53 
 Inde, adv.' 108 
 Indicus, a, um, 116 
 
 i, m. 116 rem. 3 
 
 Indies, adv. 100 
 Indocilis, e, 73. 
 Indus trius, a, um, 9 
 lneptus, a, um, 102 
 Inertia, 83, f. 81 
 Infamis, e, 91 
 Infelix, icis, adj. 80 
 Infirmus, a, um, 71 
 Infortunium, ii, n. 
 
 119 
 Ingenium, ii. n.133 
 Ingens, tis, adj. 97 
 Inglorius, a,um, 123 
 Ingratus, a, um, 35 
 Inhumatus, a, um, 
 
 118 
 Inimicitia, 83, f. 95 
 Inimicus, a,um, 105 
 
 i, m. 77 
 
 Iniquus, a, um, 55 
 Initium, il, n. 81 
 Injuria, 83, f. 125 
 Injustus, a, um, 9 
 Innocens, tis, adj. 
 
 97 
 Inquinatus, a, um, 
 
 £9 
 
 Insania, 83, f. 81 
 Insignis, e, 91 
 Instabilis, e, 91 
 Instinctus, us, m. 
 
 32 
 Insula, 83, f. 39 
 Insulanus, i, m. 125 
 Intelligere, v. act. 
 
 84 
 Intemperans, tis, 
 
 adj. 62 
 Interdum, adv. 12 
 Inutilis, e, 40 
 Invidiosus, a, um, 
 
 49 rem. 
 Invidus, a, um, 49 
 Invisus, a, um, 105 
 Ipbicrates, is, m. 
 
 Ill 
 Ipsa (fern, of ipsa), 
 
 76 
 Ipse, ipsa, ipsurn, 
 
 76, 104 rem. 
 Ipsum (n. of ipse), 
 
 76 
 Ira, se, f. 81 
 Iracundus, a, um, 
 
 60 
 Is, ea, id, 50 rem., 
 
 121 rem. 
 Ita, adv. 82, 128 
 
 — est, 122 rem. 
 
 — vero, 122 
 Item, adv. 100 
 Iter, Itineris, n, 131 
 
 Jam, adv. 108 
 Janitor, oris, m, 61 
 J ami a, 83, f. 125 
 Jucundus, a, um, 
 
 98 rem. 
 Judex, icis, c. g. 41 
 Judicium, ii, n. 25 
 Jungo, v. act. 93 
 Juno, bnis, f. 121 
 Jupiter, Jovis, m. 
 
 121 
 Jurgiosus, a, um, 
 
 123 _ 
 Jus, juris, n. 17 
 Justitia, 83, f. 119 
 Justus, a, um, 9 
 Juvenis, is, c. g. 24 
 Juventas, atis, f. 95 
 
 rem. 
 Juventu, se, f. 95 
 Juventus, utis, f. 95 
 
 Labor, oris, m, 79 
 
 Laboriosus, a, um, 
 
 98 
 Lac, lactis, n. 134 - 
 Lacedaemonius, a, 
 
 um,55 
 Lasna, se, f. 109 
 Laasus, a, um, 1 18 
 Lastus, a, um, 98 
 Lapideus, a, um,132 
 
 rem. 
 Lapillus, i, m. 134 
 Lapis, idis, m. 77 
 Latebra, bras, f. 43 
 Latet, v. neut. 114 
 Latiuus, a, um, 116 
 Latro, latronis, m, 
 
 79 
 Latus, a, um, 89 
 Laudandus, a, um, 
 
 102 
 Laus, laudis, f. 21 
 Leaana, ae, f, 83 
 Legatus, i, m. 29 
 Legend us,a.uin, 102 
 Le^ere, v. act. 84 
 Legis, v. act. 92 
 Legiw, v. act. 92 
 Lego, v. act. 92 
 Lenis, e, 59 
 Lenitas, atis, f. C9 
 Leo, leonis, m. 83 
 Lepus, oris, m. 83 
 Levis, e, 73 
 Leviter, adv. 88 
 Lex, legis, f. 63 
 Libenter, adv. S3 
 Liber, bri, m. 16 
 Liber, era, erum, 23 
 Liberalis, e, 59 
 Liberalitas, atis, f. 
 
 119 
 Liberavit, v.act. 129 
 Libere.adv. 88 
 Libertas, atis, f. 113 
 Libidinose, adv, 88 
 Libidinosus, a, um, 
 
 71 
 Ligne)is, a, um, 132 
 Lignum, i, n. 43 
 Limen, mis, n.45 
 Limes, itis, f. 46 
 Linea. 83, f. 69 
 Lingua, 83. f. 79 
 Litera, aa, f. 131 
 Littera, 83, f. 131 
 
 rem. 
 Locuples, etis, adj. 
 
 65 
 Locus, i, m. 11 
 Londinum, i, n. 99 
 L 
 
122 
 
 LATIN INDEX. 
 
 Longe, adv. 52 
 Longus, a, urn, 6^ 
 Loquax, iicis, adj. 
 
 97 
 Lucrum, i, n. 119 
 Ludus, i, m. 113 
 Luna, re, f. 79 
 Lupus, i, m.83 
 Lux, lucis, f. 63 
 Luxuriose, adv. 66 
 Lydlus, a, um, 116 
 
 Maceria, re, f. 45 
 Maceries, ei, f, 45 
 Machinalis, e, 91 
 Magis, adv. 66, 82 
 
 rem. 
 Magister, tri, m. 31 
 Magistra, 83, f. 31 
 Magnus, a, urn, 6, 98 
 Majestas, atis, f. 
 
 119 
 Male, adv. 52 
 Malum, i, n. 103, 109 
 Malus, a, um, 4 rem. 
 Manet, v. neut. 92 
 Manus, us,f.85 
 Marcellus, i, m. Ill 
 Marcus, i, m. 121 
 Mar©, is, n. 19 
 Maritimus, a, um, 
 
 132 
 Maritus, i, m. 41 
 
 rem. 
 Mater, tris, f. 1 
 Maxime, adv. 6Q 
 Me, pron. 106 
 Medicamentum, i. 
 
 n.34 
 Medicina, 83, f. 34 
 Medicus, i, m. 95 
 Mediocris, e, 135 
 Medius, a, um, 102 
 Megara, 33, f. Ill 
 Mel, mellis, n. 16 
 Melior, us, 73 
 Melitaeus, a, um,116 
 Melius, adv. 54 
 Memento, v. act. & 
 
 neut. 129 
 Mendaciura, ii, n. 63 
 Mendax, acis, adj. 
 
 65 
 Mendicus.i, m. 134 
 Mens, tis, f. 95 
 Mensa, 33, f. 43 
 Mensis, is, m. 41 
 Mercator, oris,"m.l9 
 Meroes, edis, f. 21 
 
 Men to, adv. 88 
 Metallum, i, n. 47 
 Mens, a, um, 20, 
 
 104 rem., 131 
 Mini, pron. 115, 
 
 131 rem. 
 Miles, Itis, m. 28 
 Militaris, e, 91 
 Miltiades,is> m. Ill 
 Minatur,v. dep.act. 
 
 129 
 Minime, adv. 66 
 
 rem., 122 
 gentium, adv. 
 
 122 
 
 vero, adv. 122 
 
 Minus, adv. 65 
 Miser, era, erum, 22 
 Miserabilis, e, 59 
 Mitescere, v. neut. 
 
 101 
 Mitis, e, 44 
 Moderatus,a,um, 60 
 Modestus, a, um, 
 
 105 
 Modo, adv. 65 
 Moenia,um, or orum, 
 
 n. plu. 45 rem. 
 Molestia, e, f. 109 
 Molestus, a, um, 49 
 Moneo, v. act. 93 
 Moneta, 33, f. 125 
 Monitor, oris, m. 27 
 Mons, tis, m. 69 
 Mora, 83, f. 81 
 Moratur, v. dep.act. 
 
 129 
 Morbus, i, m. 134 
 Mori, v. dep. neut. 
 
 101 
 Morosus, a, um, 118 
 Mors, mortis, f . 21 
 Mortalis, e, 40 
 Mortuus, a, um, 89 
 Mox, adv. 100 
 Mulier, 6ris, 25 
 Multo, adv. 52 
 Multus, a, um, 13 
 Mundus, i, m. 41 
 Muniiicentia, a3, f. 
 
 109 
 Munificus, a, um, 89 
 Mums, i, m. 45 rem. 
 Mutatus, a, um, 118 
 Mutus, a, um, 118 
 
 Nasvius, ii, m. 127 
 Nam, conj. 74 
 
 . ? interrog.part. 
 
 134 rem. 
 
 Napoleon, onis, 39 
 Natio, onis, f. 131 
 Natura, 83, f. 47 
 Natus, a, um, 132 
 Nauta, 33, m. 103 
 Navis, is, f. 103 
 Ne ? interrog. part. 
 94 
 
 — adv. 100 
 
 — conj. 112 rem. 
 Neapolis, is, f. 99 
 Nee, conj. 74, 128 
 Necessarius, a, um, 
 
 67 
 Nefarius, a, um, 80 
 Negligens, tis, adj. 
 
 62 
 Negligentia, 93, f. 53 
 Negotiosus, a, um, 
 
 18 
 Negotium, ii, n. 28 
 
 rem. 
 Nemo, Inis, c. g. 25 
 
 minus, adv.122 
 
 Nemus, oris, n. 134 
 Nepos, otis, m. 119 
 Neptunus, i, m. 127 
 Nequaquam, adv. 
 
 122 
 Neque, couj.74,128 
 Nero, onis, m. 121 
 Nescio, v. neut. 92 
 Nescire, v. neut. 84 
 Nescis, v. neut. 92 
 Nescit, v. neut. 92 
 Nexus, a, um, 132 
 Niger, gra, grum,22 
 Nihil, n. indec. 45, 
 
 124 rem. 
 Nihilominus, adv. 
 
 122 
 Nil, n. indec. 45 
 Nimis, adv. 54 
 Nimium, adv. 54 
 Nimius, a, um, 123 
 Nisi, conj. 74 
 Nix, nivis, f. 63 
 Nobilis, e, 44 
 Nobilitas, atis, f. 45 
 Nobis, pron. 115, 
 
 131 rem. 
 Nocens, tis, adj. 97 
 Nomen, Inis, n. 95 
 Non, adv. 12, 122, 
 
 133 rem. 
 Nondum, adv. 54 
 Nonne? interrog. 
 
 part. 94 
 Nonnullus, a, um, 
 
 132 
 
 Nog, pron. 38 
 Noster, tra, trum, 
 
 26, 131 rem. 
 Not us, a, um, 123 
 Novitas,utis, f. 113 
 Novus, a, um, 123 
 Nox, noctis, f. 63 
 Noxius, a, um, 30 
 Nullus, a, um, 33 
 Num? interrog. 
 
 part. 94 
 Numen, inis, n. 109 
 Numerus, i, m. 95 
 Numus, i, m.125 
 Nummus, i, ni. 125, 
 
 rem. 
 Nunc, adv. 100 
 Nunquam, adv. 58 
 Nuntius, ii, m. 16 
 Nusquam, adv. 58 
 Nux, nucis, f. 63 
 
 O, interj. 130 
 Obitus, us, m. 109 
 Obscurus, a, um, 67 
 Observat, v. act. 114 
 Obumbrat, v. act. 
 
 129 
 Occasio, onis, f. 133 
 Occultus, a, um, 118 
 Odor, oris, m. 131 
 Officium, ii, n. 134 
 Oh, interj. 130 
 Olea, se, f. 109 
 Oleum, i, n. 134 
 Olim, adv. 108 
 Omega, n. indec.125 
 Omnino, adv. 52 
 Omnis, e, 42, 118 
 
 rem. 
 Onus, ens. n. 134 
 Opinio, onis, f. 131 
 Oppidum, i, n. 39 
 Opportunus, a, um, 
 
 118 
 Opulens, tis, adj. 65 
 Opus, ens, n. 79 
 
 adj. indec. 97 
 
 sub. indec. 103 
 
 Oratio, onis, f. 79 
 Orator, oris, m. 103 
 Ordo, dinis, m. 125 
 Oriens, tis, m. 134 
 Ortus, us, m. 109 ■ 
 Ostrea, as, f. 83 
 Otiosus, a, um, 18 
 Otium, ii. n. 33 
 
 Pal33mon ; onis,m. 
 121 
 
IATIH" INDEX. 
 
 122 
 
 Palaeopolis, is, f. 99 Perpetuo, adv. 88 Praeliuro, ii, n. 119 Quammaxime,adv. 
 Palatiuru, ii, n. 41 Perpetuus, a, um, Presidium, ii. n. 77 48, 129 rem. 
 Pal uster, tris, tre, 123 Praestabat, v. neut. Quamquam,conj.48 
 
 107 Perspicue, adv. 88 & act. 129 Quamvis, conj. 112 
 
 Pan, Panos, m. 127 Perterritus, a, uin, Praestans,tis,adj.72 Quando, adv.*82 
 Panis, is, m. 7 105 Praetor, oris, rn.95 Quantum, adv. 100 
 
 Par, paris, adj. 97 Pestiferus, a, urn, 89 Pravus, a, um, 118 Quantus, a, urn, 102, 
 Paratus, a, um, 80 Pestis, is, f. 87 Premit, v. act. 114 128, 129 rem. 
 
 Parens, tis, c. g. 25 Petit, v. act. 93 Pressus, a, um, 123 Quare, adv. 82 
 Paries, etis, m.45 Pliilippus, i, m. 99 Pretiosus, a, um,30 Que, conj. 126 
 Pars, tis, f. 27 Pliilosopliia, as, f. 28 Primum, adv. 6Q Qui, quae, quod, 46 
 
 Parsimonia, ae, f. 81 Philosophus, i, ru. Primus, a, um, 51 Qui, adv. 82 
 Parum, adv. 66 28 Princeps, Tpis, c. g. Quia, conj. 74 
 
 Parvulus, a, um,105 Phocion, onis, ra. 24 
 
 Parvum, i, n. 109 111 Principium, ii. i 
 
 rem. Pietas, atis, f. 131 119 
 
 Parvus, a, um, 6 Piger, gra, grum, 23 Privatus, a, um, Si 
 Passer, eris, m. 83 Pignus, oris or eris, Probitas, atis, f. 91 
 Pater, tris, m. 1 n. 125 Probus, a, um, 13 
 
 Paternus, a, um, 80 Pinus, i, or us, f. 113 Procerus, a, um, 36 
 Patet, v, neut. 114 Pisistratus,i,m.l27 rem. 
 
 Pius, a, um, 71 Procul, adv. 100 
 
 Plaga, ae, f. 33 Prodere, v. act. 101 Quis, quae or qua, 
 
 Plane, adv. 88 Proelium, ii, n. 119 quid or quod, 78 
 
 Plato, onis, m. 121 Profanus,a, um, 123 Quisnam, quaenam, 
 Plenus, a, um, 123 Profundus, a, um,55 quidnam, 134 rem. 
 Plerumque, adv. 12 Profusus, a,um, 123 Quod (neut. of qui), 
 Plus, adv. 82 Pronus, a, um, 76 46 
 
 — , pluris, adj.,plu. Protegit, v. act. 93 ■ 
 plures, pluria, or Prudens, tis, adj. 62 
 pi iira, 97 Prudentia, ae, f. 103 ■ 
 
 Poema, atis, n. 113 Publicus, a, um, 89 
 Pudor, oris, m. 61 
 Paella, ae, f. 1 
 Puer, eri, m. 1 
 
 Pugna,ae, f. 119 rem. Quorsum, adv. 100 
 Pugnax, acis, adj. Quot, plu. indec. 
 
 62 129 rem. 
 
 Pulcher, chra, Quotidie, adv. 100 
 
 chrum, 22 Quoties, adv. 100 
 
 Pulcliritudo, dinis, Quotus, a, um, 102 
 f. 95 Quum, adv. 82, 129 
 
 Pulvis, is, or eris, rem. 
 
 m. or f. 95 
 Purns, a, um, 15 
 
 Poena, ae, f. 21 
 
 Patiens, entis ; adj. 
 
 62 
 Patientia, ae, f. 131 
 I Patria, ae, f. 87 
 i Paulo, adv. 97 
 
 ■ adj. indec. 97 
 
 Paulus, i, m. 127 
 
 | Pauper, eris, adj. 65 
 
 Paupertas, atis, f. 
 
 69 
 Pavo, onis, c. g. 83 
 Pax, pacis, f. 63 
 
 Pectus, oris, n. 134 Poeta, ae, m. 61 
 | Pecunia, ae, f. 32, Pomum, i, n. 103 
 
 125 rem. rem. 
 
 Pedester, tris, tre, Pondus, eris, n. 81 
 
 107 Popilius, ii, n. Ill 
 
 Pelopidas, ae, m.lll Populus, i, m. 21 
 
 Pene, adv. 88 ■ , i, f. 21 
 
 Per (affix), 123 rem. Porrigebat, v. act. 
 Peramplus, a, um, 129 
 
 123 Positio, onis, f. 57 ; 
 
 Perantiquus, a, um, Possum, v. neut. 120 
 
 123 Posthac, adv. 108 
 
 Perdidi, v. act. 129 Postbaec, adv. 108 Putas, v. act. 93 
 Perditus, a, um, 123 Postquam, adv. 100 Putat, v. act. 93 
 Percnnis, e, 68 Potens, tis, adj. 97 Putav^'t, v. act. 129 
 
 Perfectus, a, um, 67 Potes, v. neut. 120 Puto, v. act. 93 
 Perfugium, ii, n.109 Potest, v. neut. 120 
 Periclum, i, n. 103 Potestas, atis, f. 119 
 
 rem. Potus, tis, m. 33 Qua (f. of quis), 78 
 
 Periculosus : a,um ; 51 Prae (affix), 123 rem. Quadrupes, pedis, 
 Periculura, i, n. 103 Praeceptor, oris, m. m. 133 
 Perindulgens, tis, 31 Quae (f. of qui), 46 
 
 adj. 123 Praeceptum, i, n. 1 (f. of quis), 78 
 
 Perire, v. neut. 101 Praecipuus, a, um, Qualis, e, 73, 128, 
 Peritus, a, um, 105 118 129 rem. 
 
 Permagnus, a, um, Praeclarus, a, um, 
 
 123 123 
 
 Quicquam, n. indec.i 
 
 45, 124 rem. 
 Quid (neut. of quis), 
 
 78 
 
 adv, 82 rem. 
 
 Quidem, adv. 52 
 
 rem. 
 Quidnam, adv. 134 
 Quin, canj. 112 
 
 - (neut. of quis), 
 <8 
 
 conj. 112, 114 
 
 rem. 
 Quondam, adv. 108 
 Quoniam, conj. 74 
 Quoque, conj. 48 
 
 - maxime, adv. 
 82 rem. 
 — plurimum, 
 adv. 82 rem. 
 
 Radix, icis, f. 109 
 Ramus, i, m. 119 
 Raro, adv. 88 
 Rarus, a, um, 71 
 Ratio, onis, f, 53 
 Rector, oris, m. 131 
 Rectum, i, n. 69 
 Rectus, a, um, 98 
 Regina, ae, f. 19 
 
 Quam, conj. & adv. Regio, onis, f. 63 
 48, 128, 129 rem. Regius, a, um, 89 
 
I2i 
 
 LATIN INDEX. 
 
 Beliquit, v. act. 129 Scribere, v. act.101 Sin, conj. 112 Syracusanus,a,m 
 
 Reliquus,a,um,102 Scribis, v. act. 117 Sincerus, a, urn, 105 116 
 
 Remedium.ii.n. 131 Scribit, v. act. 117 Singularis, e, 68 i, m. 116 
 
 Remissus,a,um, 118 Scribo, v. act. 117 Sinister, tra, trum, rem. 3 
 Repetitio, onis, f. Scripsi, v. act. 117 
 
 131 Scripsisti, v. act. 
 
 Res, ei, f._28rem. 117 
 
 lies milltaris, e, 133 Scripsit, v. act. 117 Situs, a, urn. 
 Respublica, relpub- Scripturu, i, n. 61 Sobrius, a, um, 36 
 
 Hcae, f. 75 
 
 Sinistra, 33, f. 125 
 Sitis, is, f. 134 
 
 Taberna, se, f. 57 
 Tabernaculum, i, n. I 
 
 125 
 Talis, e, 73, 128 
 Scriptus, a, urn, 51 Societas, atis, f. 29 Tam, adv. 54, 128 
 Reticens, tis, adj. 97 Scurra, se, c. g. 125 Socius, ii,m.61 rem. Tamen, conj. 48 
 Rex, regis, m. 19 Scytha, se, m 116 Socrates, is, m. 99 Tandem, adv. 66 
 
 Rhea, a?, f. 137 rem. 3 
 
 Ripa, 93, f. 95 Scythes, is, m. 116 
 
 Robustus, a, um, 71 rem. 3 
 
 Rogo, v. act. 93 Scy thicus, a, um, 
 
 Roma, 83 ; f. 39 116 
 
 Romanus,a, um, 116 i, m. 116 
 
 - i. m. 116 rem. 3 
 
 rem. 3 Se, pron. 106 
 
 Rosa, je, f. 113 Secundus, a, um, 86 
 
 Rotundas, a, um,67 Secus, adv. 82 
 Ruber, bra, brum, Sed, conj. 10, 110 
 
 Sodalis, is, c. g. 61 Tantnm, adv. 66 
 
 rem. Tantus, a, um, 102, 
 Sol, solis, 79 128 
 
 Solatium, ii, n. 109 Tardus, a, um, 118 
 
 Solatur, v. dep. act. Tarquinius, a, um. 
 
 129 m. Ill 
 
 Solidus, a, um, 118 Te, pron. 106 
 
 Solomon, onis, m. Tellus, uris, f. 53 
 
 71 
 
 Rufus, a, um, 36 
 
 Saccbarum, i, n. 7 
 Sacerdos, otis, e.g. 
 
 113 
 Sacrus, a, um, 123 
 Saepe, adv. 12 
 Soepius, adv. 12 
 Ssevus, a, um, 118 
 Sagax, acis, adj. 97 
 Sagitta, 83, f. 131 
 
 Sedulus, a, um, 71 
 Seges, Stis, f. 95 
 Segesta, 83, f. Ill 
 Segnis, e, 91 
 
 121 
 
 Solon, onis, 111 
 Solum, i, n. 53 rem. 
 adv. 66 
 
 Temere, adv. 
 Temperans, tig. adj. 
 
 62 
 Temperatus, a, um, 
 
 132 
 Temperies, ei, f. 33 
 Templum, i, n. 113 
 Tempus, oris, n. 75 
 
 Solus, a, um, 51 
 Somnus, i, m. 134 
 Soror, oris, f.3 
 Semel, adv. 108 rem. Spes, ei, f. 47 
 Semiramis, idis, f. Splendidus, a, um, Tener, era, erum, 
 
 99 35 123 
 
 Semper, adv. 12 Sponda, ae, f. 16 Ter, adv. 58 
 Senectus, utis, f. 85 Stagnans, tis, adj. Terra, se, f. 53 rem 
 Senex, is, or ids, 65 
 
 c. g. 24 Stannum, i, n. 131 
 
 lj.62 Statim, adv. 108 
 
 Saltus,us, or i, m. 11 Sententia, 83, f. 79 Sterilis, e, 40 
 
 Tertius, a, um, 51 
 Testis, is, c. g. 25 
 Testudo, dlnis, f. 
 131 
 
 Sal uber, bris, bre, 
 
 107 
 Salubriter, act. 8S 
 Sal us, Otis, f. 134 
 Salutaris, e, 59 
 
 Serenus, a, um, 35 Strenuus, a, um, 132 Teter, tra, trum, 86 
 Sermo, onis, m. 119 Struthiocamelus, i, Theatrum,i, n. 119 
 
 Serpens, tis, c. g. 83 m. 31 
 Serva, 83, f. 32 Studium, ii, n. 75 
 
 Servire, v^neut. 84 Stultum, i, n. 109 
 Sal ve, verb & inter. Servitus, utis, f. 125 rem. 
 130 rem. Servus, i, m. 32 Stultus, a, um, 67 
 
 Salvus, a, um, 86 Severitas, atis, f. 69 i, m. 109 rem. 
 
 Sanctus, a, um, 105 Severus, a, um, 15, Suavis, e, 68 
 Sanus, a, um, 30 68 rem. Sublimis, e, 73 
 
 Sapiens, tis, adj. 72 Si, conj. 10 Subvertit, v. act. 
 
 Sapientia, se, f. 103 — non,conj.H2rem. 129 
 
 Sat, adv. 58 
 Satin, adv. 94 rem. 
 Satis, adv. 58 
 Saxum, i, n. 77 
 Scamnum, i, n. 5 
 Scelestus, a, um, 80 
 Scelus, Cris, n. 64 
 Scientia, 83, f. 109 
 Scio, v. act. 92 
 Scire, v. act. 84 
 Scis, v. act. 92 
 Scit, v. act. 92 
 
 Sic, adv. 66, 128 
 Sicilia, 83, f. 99 
 Sicilianus, a, um, 
 
 116 
 i, m. 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 Signum, i, n. 64 
 Similis, e, 91 
 Simplex, icis, adj. 
 
 97 
 Simulacrum, i, n. 
 
 €4 
 
 Sulcus, i, m. 85 
 Sum, v. sub. 90 
 
 Thebanus, a, um, 
 
 116 
 i, m. 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 Themistocles, is, m. 
 
 99 
 Thesaurus, i, m. 79 
 Tibi, pron. 115, 131 
 
 rem. 
 Tigris, is, or idis, f. 
 
 113 
 Timidus, a, um, 105 
 
 Superbus, a, um, 89 Timotheus,i, m. 127 1 
 Supplicium, ii, n.64 Titus, i, m. 127 
 Suspectus, a, um, Toga, 83, f. 109 
 
 105 Totus, a, um, 42 
 
 Suus, a, um, 20, 131 Tradum, v. act. 129 |l 
 
 rem. Tranquillus, a, um, n 
 
 Sylvester, tris, tre, 98 
 
 107 Tristis, e, 59 
 
 Syracusae, arum, f. Troja, 83, f. 1 11 
 
 plu. Ill Trojamis, a, um, 1 18 1 
 
zxirs index. 
 
 125 
 
 Trojanus, i. in. 116 
 
 rem. 3 
 Tu, proii. 3S 
 Tullus, i, in. 127 
 Turn, conj. 112 
 Tunc, adv. 100 
 Turnus, i. m.127 
 Turpis, e, 44 
 Turpi tudo, dinis, 
 
 f.119 
 
 Ubi, adv. 54 
 Ubicunque, adv. 58 
 Ubinam ? adv. 134 
 Ubique, adv. 5S 
 Ulvsses, is, m. Ill 
 Umbra, se, f. 109 
 Urnbrosus, a, um, 
 
 105 
 Unguentum, i. n. 
 
 103 
 Unicus, a, um, 51 
 Universus,a, um, 42 
 Unquam, adv. 58 
 XJnus, a, um, 51 
 Urbanus, a, um, 135 
 Urbs, urbis, f. 39 
 Usquam, adv. 58 
 Ut,conj. 74,129 
 
 rem. 
 liter, tra, trum, 60 
 Utilis, e, 40 
 Utinam, adv. 103 
 Utpote, adv. 54 
 Utrum, adv. 82 
 Uva, ae, f. 103 
 Uxor, oris, f. 41 
 
 Valde, adv, 54 
 ^ale, v. and interj. 
 -30 rem. 
 
 Valetudo, dinis, f. 
 
 113 
 Validus, a, um, 132 
 Vallis, is, f. 113 
 Vallum, i, n. 113 
 Ve, conj. 74 
 Vecors, dis, adj. 62 
 Vectigal, alis, n. SI 
 Vehemens, tis, adj. 
 
 72 
 Vel, conj. 10, 74 
 Velociter, adv. 83 
 Velox, ocis, adj. 62 
 Velum, i, n. 134 
 Venerabilis, e, 73 
 Veneticus, a, um, 
 
 116 
 Veni, v. nen.t. 114 
 Venia, as, f. 57 
 Venio, v, neut. 114 
 Venis, v. neut. 114 
 Venisti, v. neut. 
 
 114 
 Venit, v. neut. 114 
 Ventus, i, m. 21 
 Venustus, a, um,49 
 Ver, veris, n. 85 
 Verbum, i, n. 77 
 Vere, adv. 108 
 Verecundia, 83, f. 81 
 Veritas, atis, f. 43 
 Vero, adv. and conj. 
 
 108, 110 
 Verres, is, m. Ill 
 Versutus, a, um, 105 
 Verum, i, n. 85 
 
 , conj. 110 
 
 Verus, a, um, 67 
 Vespasianus, i, m. 
 
 121 
 Vesta, 83, f. 127 
 
 Vestalis, e, 68 
 Vester, tra, trum, 
 
 26, 131 rem. 
 Vestis, is, f. 77 
 Vetustas, atis, 109 
 Via, 83, f. 11 
 Vicinus, i, m. 85 
 Vicissitudo, dinis, 
 
 f. 125 
 Victoria, as, f. 27 
 Victus, a, um, 67 
 Video, v. act. 92 
 Videre, v. act. 84 
 Vides, v. act. 92 
 Videt, v. act. 92 
 Videtur, v. pass. & 
 
 impers. 114 
 Vilis, e. 91 
 Villa, 83, f. 131 
 Vinclum, i, n. 103 
 
 rem. 
 Viuctus, a, um, 118 
 Vinculum, i, n. 103 
 Vinum, i, n, 1 
 Violens, tis, adj. 97 
 Vir, viri, m. 25 
 ■Virga, «, f. 103 
 Virgilius, ii, m. 99 
 Virgo, virginis, f. 
 
 125 
 Viridis, e, 91 
 Virtus, titis, f. 34 
 Vis, gen. vis, ace. 
 
 vim, dat. and abl. 
 
 Ti;nom.plu. vires 
 
 or vis, gen. plu, 
 
 virium, dat. plu. 
 
 viribus, f. 75 
 Vis, verb neut. pas. 
 
 104 
 Vita, m, f. 11 
 
 Vitiosus, a, um, 51 
 Vitium, ii, n. 33 
 
 rem. 
 Vito, v. act. 93 
 Vitrum, i, neut, 95 
 Vituperandus, a, 
 
 um, 102 
 Vivere, v. neut. 101 
 Vobis, pron. 115, 
 
 131 rem. 
 Volebam, v. neut. 
 
 pass. 104 
 Volebas, v. neut. 
 
 pass. 104 
 Volebat, v. neut. 
 
 pass. 104 
 Volo, v. neut. pass. 
 
 104 
 Volucer, cris, ere, 
 
 107 
 Volucris, is, f. 83 
 
 rem. 
 Voluntas, atis, f. 
 
 119 
 Voluptarius, a, um, 
 
 118 
 Voluptas, atis, f. 79 
 Vos, pron. 38 
 Vox, vocis, f. 63 
 Vulgus, gi, m. or n. 
 
 87 
 Vulnus, eris, n. 113 
 Vulpes, is, f. 31 
 
 Xantippe, es, f. 99 
 Xenopbon, ontis,m 
 
 121 
 Xerxes, is, m. 99 
 
 Zaleucus, i, m. 127 
 Zepbyrus, i, m.2J. 
 
GRAMMATICAL INDEX. 
 
 The Numbers refer to the Exercises, 
 
 Nouns, gender 
 
 , compounds 
 
 i rendered by Zat\ 
 
 , signifying position 
 
 Adjectives, of one termination . ; 
 
 , of two terminations 
 
 , of three terminations . 
 
 ■ , of two or three terminations 
 
 , agreement 
 
 ■ ■ , used substantively 
 
 , derivations from names of places 
 
 Pronouns, possessives 
 
 -. , relative 
 
 , personals 
 
 , interrogatives , 
 
 Verbs, infinitive mood 
 
 • , construction of tenses 
 
 , participle in dus 
 
 , equivalent of participle in ing 
 
 , agreement 
 
 Adverbs, formation . 
 
 , construction . » 
 
 Conjunctions, equivalents of that 
 
 , equivalents of but 
 
 — ■ , equivalents of and . • 
 
 - — , construction 
 Interjections 
 Construction of negations . 
 
 of interrogations 
 
 of replies to questions . 
 
 Enclitics . 
 
 Abbreviations 
 
 Emphatic or intensitive particles 
 
 Interrogative particles 
 
 Order of words in Latin sentence 
 
 Words usually omitted 
 
 not to the Pages, 
 
 (Rem.) 
 
 (Rem. 2) 
 
 (Rem.) 
 
 (Rem. 4) 
 
 (Rem.) 
 
 (Rem.) 
 
 (Rem.) 
 
 (Rem.) 
 
 . (Rem. 2) 
 
 (Rem. 1) 
 
 . (Rem. 2) 
 
 (Rems. 2 & 6) 
 
 . (Rem. 2) 
 
 (Rem.) 
 
 . (Rem. 1) 
 
 (Rem.) 
 
 (Rem. 1) 
 . (Rem. 1) 
 
 (Rem. 2) 
 (Rem.) 
 
 (Rem. 2) 
 (Rem.) 
 (Rem.) 
 (Rem,) 
 
 (Rem. 5) 
 
 (Rem. 2) 
 
 . (Rem. 1) 
 
 (Rem. 2) 
 
 (Rem.) 
 (Rem. 3) 
 
 (Rem.) 
 
 . (Rem. 2) 
 (Rem. 4) 
 
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