r'rtf^tii :j^ /■^..,,.'' i if wfi mm M .NSTULa rrnd D^ . ^. ^'^- '^< ' a A HoUpT ?i Smoke Fine 1.' ConJ 6 . /.»•// (loor.f //////"<• f{p(julutvr "^ /V/r/// /'»/»? ^ /)ujn/jer .'• Hetfiilutftr for Dumper G HefftiLnlor for Fire H ' Safety vidzxe I Safety value '' K SUam Pipes for sapplyiny TiulixUor.s L Water cock ~ ADVRRTISEMENTS. V to the work to \>v (lone. Suppose, for example, several radiators, previously in use, are suddenly shut off, causing much less demand for steam. An excess of supply would immediately follow, with waste of fuel and other inconveniences, but immediately the draft closes owing to the pressure upon the lever at F, the fire failing to get a sup])ly of air declines at once, and with it the steam. 8. T/ic Safeti/vnlri (I) is so constructed as to make no noise if steam should blow through it. To avoid tlie very common accident of adhesion between the valve and its seat, it will be observed that the lever is so arranged with reference to the water-column, that the float (H) bears upon the long end of the lever and raises it whenever the limiting pressure of the steam has been in the least exceeded. The escape-pijie from the safety-valve takes the steam blown oft' to a condensing cess-pool underground. In practice, the ))oiler actually l)lows off" steam so seldom that this part of the apjiaratus might be safely dispensed with. But it is thought prudent to retain it. THE DISTRIBUTION OF STEAM. 11. V,'roiiromptl3fc answered. LEWIS M. HILLS, 88 and 90 State Street, New Haven, Conn. ADVERTISKMENTS. THE MANHATTAN LIFE INS. CO. Of the City of New York, offers superior advantages for securing a provision for families, by the Insurance of the Life of the Husband and Father. Policies are granted at every age from 10 years to 70, on just and equitable terms. The mode of payment of the annual premium, is adapted to the most limited means, and none, who are not absolutely paupers, are debarred from the advantages of Life Insurance. The investments of the Company are made in Bonds and Mortgages on improved Real Estate, and the Com- pany never engage in any business foreign from the Insurance of Life and granting Life annuities. Safety and reliability are the watch-words of the Institution, and all who seek a sure reliance for their families will find it in this Company. Subjoined is a statement of its business and condition. Pamphlets will be sent by mail free of expense to all who may apply for them. {SEE NEXT PAGE.) ADVERTISEMENTS. lilt STATEMENT OF ITS BUSINESS AND CONDITION. -♦♦♦- January 1, 1857. Capital Stock . - . - $100,ono.00 Reserye of 1854 82,.'i4-.25 B ilance brought from last statement -..--.. 167,583.68 Amount of Premiums received during the year - - $188,005 96 Amount of Interest and Discount received during the year 89,522.59 Amount of Dividends, Annuities, &c. ... 1,94.3.23 229,531.P3 Amount due of Sundry Dividends, Agents, Balances, &c. - - - 11,121.34 $099,785.30 DISBURSEMENTS. Claims by Death, - $40,351.00 Expenses, Taxes, Salaries, Commissions, &c. - - - 32,130.93 Re-Insurance and purchase Policies .... 1,768.47 Dividends on Capital 12,000.00 92,250.34 ASSETS. Bonds and Mortgages on property in New York and Brook- lyn worth double the amount loaned .... 213,1.^0.00 Premium Loans at 7 per cent. Interest - - .' - . 204,421.87 Agents' Acciiunts for Premiums in course of collection and transmission .-.-.-..- 51,856.75 Cash in Bank and on hand 7,559.10 City and State Bonds and Stocks 7,-!4.").00 Deferred Premiums, Accrued Interest, &c. - - - - 14,102.74 498,534.96 ____^_^___ $590,785.80 The Directors of the Manhattan Life Insurance Company h.ave, after providing an ade- quate Fund for the Contingent Liabilities of the Company, under its policies, declared a dividend to policy holders on Life Premiums of 30 per cent, and on Short Term Premiums, 15 per cent., which will be adjusted at the time of the payment of the premiums for the current year. Interest at the rate of 6 per cent, has also been ordered on the scrip and credits of the dividend of 1854, to be adjusted as above. C. Y. Wemplb, Secretary. N. D. MORGAN, President. The Manhattan Life Insurance Company have now closed the second term of THREE YEARS; and, after having paid to widows and orphans the sum of $250,000 in cash, have now in the Treasury a half million of dollars, ready to be paid to those who may be entitled to receive It. The steady progress of the Institution, towards the position it now occupies, is a source of no little congratulation among those of our friends who have been identified with its operations from the organization of the Company. They now present its advantages to all who seek for reliability and open and honorable dealing in the business of their en- terprise. 31 Nassau street, New York, February, 1857. A. D. JONES, 80 State street, New Haven, Agent for tlie State of Connecticut. ADVERTISEMENTS. A cheap and effective medicine to cure a cough, is a desideratum. Such an one has been discovered by a veteran and successful plivsician, whom of faithful use of it convinced of its exceeding usefulness, in all cases of coughs, whether acute or chronic. He says: I have known the most invet- erate cough to be relieved after a week's trial of this The best of it is, that it is very cheap, and can be sent by mail to every part of the Union for an extra three cent stamp. The medicine is a POWDER, and is entirely free from every or Foisonous preparation, and does not exceed three grains in weight. Three of these powders often produce the most astonishing results, and " I have rarely known a case so stubborn," says the discoverer of this "unless the lungs were badly ulcerated, that did not yield before the twelfth trial." The proprietor, desirous that the world should have the benefit of this ^iSailiai Mil 1# A mm offers it at the exceeding low prices following: For Six Powders ....... 60 cents. do. Twelve $1.00 N. B. — A postage stamp for the mail return must always be enclosed. Addre.s by iiuil, ]>octor ABJVER JOl^ES, Dhawer No. 6, Post Office, New Haven, Conn. THE ILLUSTRATED tomnraM, lltt|anical, fraftssioiral snli Sfatistial ETTEER AND BDSINESS-BOOK CONNECTICUT^ FOR 1857-8. COMPILED WITH GREAT CARE, FROM ACTUAL CANVASS OF THE STATE, AND THE MOST RELIABLE SOURCES. TO BE REVISED AND PUBLISHED ANNUALLY. BY -A. D. JONES. OFPICE, 80 STATE STREET, NEW HAVEIST. 1S57. Entered, according to the Act of Congress, in the year 1857, by AD. JONES, in the Clerk's ' Office of the District Court of Connecticut. T, J. Stafford, Piinter, 88 State Street, (Stafford Building.) .11 18 5 7-8. CO - ks ^1 >-> >s w o I 2 i « ^^^^ €OURTS STATE, CO c3 COURTS -gSTATE CO JULY. AUG'T. SEPT. OCT. NOV. DEC. 15 •29 Superior, 3fl Tuesday, at Hartford. U. S District, 4 Tu. N. Haven Superior, 1 Tu. Brookl'n, 2 " Uanbury, ' N. L'nd'u. JAN'Y. FEB'Y. TJ. S. Circuit, 3 Tu. Hartford, 4 " N. Haven. Superior, ITu.N. Haven, MAR. 1 " Middlet'n,| 1 " Tolland, 2 " Litchfield,! 4 " Hartford. 27 Superior, ITu. Brooklyn 3 " N London 4 " Litchfield TJ. S. District, 4Tu.N.Haven, Supreme, 2Tu. Brid'port, 3 " N. Haven! OQ 4 " Hartford, Superior, ITu.Middlet'n, 1 " Tolland, Supreme, 1 Tu. Danbury, 2 " Brooklyn, 3 " Litchfield, 4 " Norwich, Superior, a Tu. N. Haven, 3 " Uanbury. U S. District, 4 Tu. Hartford. Supreme, 2 Tu. Tolland. Superior, 1 Tu. Brooklyn & Litchfield, 3 " Norwich. Superior, 3 Tu. Hartford, 3 " N. Haven, 3 " Brid'port, 1 " Tolland, 1 " Haddam. APRIL. MAY. UNE. 2 9 15|l6 2223 29 1 30 Supreme, 1 Tu. Brookl'n, 2 " N.London, ,3 " Middlet'n, io 4 u Tolland. Superior, ITu.N. Haven, 1 " Brid'port. 2 " Hartford, 3 " Brooklyn. II. S. Circuit 4 Tu. N.Haven. Supreme, 4 Tu.Litchfield. Superior, 1 Tu. Norwich, 2 " Litchfield, 2 " Haddam, 2 " Tolland, IT. S. District, 4 Tu. Hartford. Suppri^r, ■2 Tu. N.Haven. NONE. • n INTRODUCTORY. In offering this first Number of THE ILLUSTRATED GAZETTEER AND BUSINESS BOOK OF CONNEC- TICUT, our first words, we are sorry to say, must be those of apology. We had hoped and intended to have issued this, our first number, in the month of July, but unforeseen and nncontrollable circumstances have prevented. K the public sustain ns in our work we intend to continue our History in annual chapters, down to the present time. Our Portraits and Biographies speak for themselves. Our Business Directory is believed to be the fullest and most correct that has ever been issued in the State. Our Miscellaneous Department is not so complete as we intend it to be hereafter. Such a work as this, involving so much labor and such ex- tensive research, must necessarily embrace some imperfec- tions. Our succeeding volumes, we are determined shall exhibit a decided improvement on the present one, and we shall spare no pains to make them perfectly reliable. *^* We will thank any one who may detect errors or dis- crepancies in this volume, to send us their corrections. New Haven, Oct. 1, 1857. A. D. JONES. CONTENTS. Page. Pictorial History of Connecticut. — Chapter I. — Geographical Extent of Connecticut — Its Occupancy by the Whites — Origin of the Indian's Personal Appearance — Hunting, Agriculture, Dwellings and Furni- ture — How they Dressed — Amusements, Dances, Raffle Dance — The Family, Courtship and Marriage — The Civil Polity, Moral Cliaracter, Diseases, etc. — Death, Burial, Mourning, etc. — Religion, Literature, Tradition, Christianity among the Indians — Anecdotes of Indians. .. 1 Biography. — Ninigret, Hendric, Saltonstall 56 Government. — State Officers, Senate, House of Representatives— Or- ganization of Legislature — Abstracts and Titles of Public Laws. ... 65 Education. — Yale College, Trinity College, Theological lastitute of Conn., Berkeley Divinity School, Wesleyan University, State Normal School, Reform School, Deaf and Dumb Asylum, Retreat for the Insane, Col. and Com. Institute, Conn. Teachers' Association, School Fund 93 Theological. — Congregational, Baptist, Episcopal, Methodist, and other Sects 113 Medical. — Medical Society, Homosopathie Society, Botanic Society, Phy- sicians and Surgeons 125 Legal. U. S. Courts, Supreme Court, Superior Court, Probate Courts, Commissioners, Attorneys, Notaries Public 133 Remarkable Events 162 Deaths of Eminent Persons ••• 166 Business Directory l'?5 Miscellaneous. — Banking Appropriations, Money Statement, Postage, Post-Offices, U. S. Government, Judges of the U. S. Supreme Court, Allotment of Judges of the Superior Court of Connecticut, Congres- sional Districts, Connecticut Custom House Officers, Railroads in Conn., Steamboats, Insui'ance Companies, Table of Distances, Masonic, I. O. 0. F. of Conn., The Cold Term of January, 1857, The Oyster Trade, Connecticut 150 Years ago, New Haven in Old Times, Mail Communication, etc., in Old Times, The Great Flood, Newspapers, The Old Red Cent, Connecticut State Prison 277 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF COMECTICUT. CHAP TEE I. The geographical area of Connecticut is much less than that of any of the New England States, except its sister State of Rhode Island. But its political, commercial and mechanical importance is scarcely less than that of any other State, unless we except Massachusetts. A man's might is estimated by his deeds, and if we consider the part Connecticut has borne in the history of this great nation, we must award it a high place in the scale of States. In the great struggle for national existence, and afterward for national freedom, Coimecticut bore a most conspicuous part, and her children may point with pride to the history of her noble acts, her generous sacrifices, her stern and unwav- ering devotion, her enlarged charities, her manly men and Christian women. This we shall see and confess, as point after point in its his- tory is unfolded in this series of papers. We propose to write a concise and faithful history of the State, commencing with its first settlement by the whites, to continue as long as we may be permitted and encouraged to issue our Annual Gaz- etteer. A little more than two centuries since, the f^iir domain of this import- ant fraction of our great country was a wilderness, occupied by the aboriginal proprietors and savage beasts of prey. The Red Man, in company with the Bear, Panther, Wolf, Wildcat, Fox, Raccoon, etc. etc., prowled over its rough surface, subject to no law but might. The beautiful rivers, bays and harbors of this fine region were ploughed by no keel and whitened by no sail. The hum of commerce, the sound of the woodman's axe, the hammer of the busy mechanic, the buzz and clatter of the manufacturer's spindles, the whizz and roar of 1 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT, the steam engine, the scream of the locomotive whistle, and the rumble of heavy trains of cars on their iron track, bearing their ten thousands -of intelligent travelers, and their precious burdens of freight, disturbed none of the sleeping echoes of hill and valley so beautifully dispersed over its unreclaimed surface. Churches, consecrated to the service of the only true God, there were none, and the ten thousand school houses and family altars were not yet reared. As it had been from the creation, so up to the period of its first visitation by the Mayflowei and its heroic band of men and women, it was the wild home of barbar- ous tribes of Indians, who gleaned an uncertain subsistence by the use of their bows and arrows and the rudest attempts at agriculture, of which the whole product was a scanty supply of Indian maize and beans. The Pequots, the Qainnipiacs^ the Tunxis, the ffammonassettsj the Mohegans, with some others, were the principal tribes inhabiting the whole territory of our State. A race of men shrewd, cunning, artful in the chase and war, cruel to their enemies and generous to their friends, improvident and ignorant of all those arts which give glory to a na- tion and prowess to its arms — a race fast perishing from the face of the earth by their own indolence and inertness, as well as the unerring law of Ilim who ruleth over all. ITS OCCUPATION BY THE WHITES. Such was the country and the race inhabiting it when the Fore- fathers, guided by the hand of Providence, landed on its shores and took possession of its fair and fruitful realm. As soon as the news of the actual settlements at Plymouth, Straw- berry Bank, (Salem,) and Shawmut, (Boston,) had reached the mother country, the tide of emigration to the New World set in with renewed vigor, and soon thousands were on their way to the Western Hemi- sphere. Various motives induced this emigration. Some were moved by expectations of sudden and easily acquired wealth; some were am- bitious of power in the New World ; some crossed the ocean to escape poverty and a debtor's prison or a felon's doom ; and maiiy came in search of "Freedom to worship God." On reaching our shores, these emigrants spread themselves abroad over the face of the country in search of some desirable spot on which PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. to pitch their tent and establish a liome. The rich and fertile lands, watered by the beautiful Connecticut and washed by the waves of Long Island Sound, early attracted the attention of these pioneers, and ex- travagant stories of the beauty of the country, the fertility of the soil, the salubrity of the climate and capacity of its waters, were speedily borne to the mother colonies and the mother country, and a scramble was made for the )nore promising localities. Parties of settlers from the Massachusetts colonies early took possession of the fairest and most available points of Connecticut, and commenced those labors which have carried the State to its present high grade of religious, commercial and political prosperity. But before we proceed with the civilized liistory of our State, we propose to give some account of its original occupants, THEIR ORIGIN. Various opinions have attained respecting the origin of the Aborig- ines of this country. As any mere speculation is unreliable, I will not waste time in the repetition, or give my speculations with regard to the various views held by antiquarians and historians in reference to this unimportant matter. It is enough for you and me, dear reader, to take the original occupants of our State as the earlier settlers found them. Nor will it answer for me in these brief memoirs to attempt anything like a full and minute Indian history of Connecticut, as it would swell my work to an unwieldly bulk. The history of the North American Indians lias been written with great care and particu- larity by men whose love for antiquarian research has abundantly fitted them for the task, and whose truthfulness of character warrants us in accepting their productions with the most perfect confidence. I will only mention here a few works, and to which I am happy to ac- knowledge my indebtedness for much of the material of this portion of my history, viz : " Winslow's Outline," "Drake's Book of the Indians of North America," "History of the Indians of Connecticut, by John W. DeForest," and '• Hollister's History of Connecticut." Wiihout more preface, then, let me proceed at once to the consideration of the condition and character of the Connecticut Indians, as Gov. Winslow found them at his early coming to this colony. PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. PERSONAL APPEARANCE. Except in cases of deformity, which were exceedingly rare among the New Enghmd tribes, the personal appearance of our Indians was imposing and attractive. His figure was fine, his carriage ertct, and his movements gave evidence of immense muscular power, combined with great suppleness and agility. His copper-colored complexion was strongly set off with eyes of a dart hue, set wide apart in the head, hair of jet swinging in long heavy braids from the top of the head, or gathered and confined with eagle's feathers or porcupine's quills, gayly and fantastically colored with those bright and varied hues, for which they were so famous; high cheek bones protruding on either side of a coarse broad nose, finishing otf with a wide sensual mouth. The females were far less attractive, being short and " dumpy," with coarser features than the males. The male Indian was complete lord of his family, and (he female was made to drudge and toil in all the severer labors of the household and agriculture. His vocation was to hunt, and wage war upon the enemies of his tribe, her's to prepare the fruits of the chase, to till the ground and gather the scanty crops produced by their thriftless hus- bandry, and to care for the wigwam and the fast coming pappooses. We have alluded to the hunt. With the Indian, hunting amounted to a passion. Lazy to a proverb, and ever ready to shirk any phy.^ical exercise which was not impelled either by the chase or war, in both these he exhil)ited an energy which no obstacle could subdue and no difficulty overcome. He would tramp through the tnickless forests day after day in the severest weather, with no thought of fatigue, en- durln"' huno-cr almost to the point of starvation without one word of mnrmurin<^ or complaint. A scalp or a bear in prospect, awakened all his enei'gy, and the acquisition of either was enough amply to repay hiin for all his toil and suffering. The weapons used in the chase and in war were exceedingly simple and few in number. Tlie principal of these was the bow and arrow: and although in the effeminate hands of civilization it is by no means a powerful weapon, yet when used by an expert savage it was no PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT, mean instrument of destruction. Nothing was more common than to send an arrow "clean through" a bear or even buffalo at the distance of fifty yards. Their bows were made, for the most part, from the wood of the hickory tree, and were from three to even eight feet in length, although these last were the exceptions. The bow was strung with the cured intestines of the various wild animals which fell a prey to their weapons. Their arrows were generally composed of reeds or some light wood, and were armed at the point with a head of flint or some other hard stone, curiously and elaborately fashioned by the simple process of hammering between two hard stones, while the tail of the shaft w\as provided with a feather to serve as a rudder and keep it steady on its death course from the bow. Great was the pride and gloi-y of the bow, and he was not thought fit to assume the position of a warrior until he could "string a bow" which would utterly mock the efforts of the most stalwart arm of the civilized pale face. Besides the bow, next in importance was the spear, or lance. This was not common with all the tribes of Indians, but among those tribes where it was in use it became a weapon of great efficiency. Next in utility was the hatchet, or tomahawk, in the use of which the savage attained wonderful dexterity. It is related of Gen. Putnam, a fon of Connecticut, that in a certain battle in which he was engaged, he was taken prisoner and bound to a tree until the close of the fight. Pend- ing the action he was discovered by a young warrior who seemed to be bent more on sport than revenge, and who immediately commenced practicing his skill in throwing the tomahawk, making a target of the prisoner's head. Taking his stand at a fair distance from his mark lie brandished his deadly instrument above his head and sent it hurling through the air. As he saw the fatal axe gleaming in the sunshine, Putnam thought that his time had come, and uttering a hasty prayer resigned himself to his fate. The hatchet half buried itself in the tree close beside his head, when the young savage, with a fiendish exulta- tion at his success, released his tomahawk and took his stand for an- other trial, in which the fatal iron buried itself in the tree closely on the other side of the victim. In this way he made some dozen trials, and then left the General bound as he had fouud him, and hastened to join his brethren in the fray. The war club and scalping-knife were no unimportant weapons in either the hunt or the battle. The club served to finish the murder- PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. ous work of tlie bow, and the knife to skin tlie prey, or scalp the fallen enemy. These were the weapons, few and simple, with wdiich the Indians svere armed. Upon the skillful use of these depended in a great measure the subsistence of iheir families, and their success in the wars so often and cruelly waged against their enemies. In the hunt, the Indians resorted to much craft and cunning in ap- proaching their prey. It will at once be seen that it was important to approach much nearer to the animal cf which they were in pursuit, than if they held in their hand the far-reaching rifle. For this reason they resorted to many arts that they might come within bow shot of their victim. Sometimes they hid themselves in ihe thick copses which abounded in the country, or in the long rank grass, awaiting patiently many an anxious liour for the approach of the animal to some favorite haunt or ford; sometimes they would cover themselves with the skin of a wild beast, and bow in hand would creep on all fours by a circuitous route to the spot where the animal was browsing or sunning himself on the warm side of some abrupt hillock, and the first intimation of the approach of his mortal foe was the sharp agony in his vitals while the death-shaft sped through them. For the lesser animals the Indian resorted to traps. These were of various and ingenious construction. Sometimes a deep pit was dug in the soft earth, the bottom of which was studded with very sharp stakes, and covered over with a light basket-work of sticks and leaves, over which the dirt was strewn to hide it from the animal's view. Sometimes a snare was laid by bending down a stout sapling and se- curing it so slightly that in crossing it the animal was sure to release the fastening and generally find himself swinging high in air, where he speedily expired. Another mode was to place a large stone on a figure 4 with a tempting bait, so tliat as soon as the ravenous beast should seize upon it the support of the stone should give way and it would fall upon and crush the unthinking meddler. As a general rule the Indian pursued his hunting alone, but some- times they hunted in large parties, taking with them their whole housel)old force, excepting the very aged and the sick. These were fa- mous occasions and were preceded by great preparations and festivi- ties. They generally occurred in the months of October and Novem- ber. For weeks previous to the setting out of the tribe — fur hundreds often accompanied the hunting parties — the note of preparation and PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT, revel I y were heard in every wigwam. Bows and arrows, spears, traps, snares, fishing tackle, etc., were provided in the greatest profusion, and before they set off a grand hunting dance was performed with every attendant ceremony. The warriors were decked in their richest attire and painted in their gaudiest hues, the powwows were there with their everlasting drum, and the whole proceedings betokened as great earnestness and solemnity as if an im2:)ortant battle were about to be fought, and on which depended the very existence of the tribe. The most violent gesticulations shadowed forth the various duties of the chase, terrible screeches and unearthly groans represented the dying ag- onies of the victims and the triumphant shouts of the victors. Knives were brandished and tomahawks were swung high in the air, arrows were shot at distant targets or a harmless tree, the ground was torn up by the hands of the half crazed savages and thrown over the heads of the whole throng. All things being ready, they started for the distant hunting ground, sometimes sixty or even an hundred miles distant from their homes, takino- with them their wives and children. The grounds had been selected and marked during the previous summer by experienced hunters who had been sent out by the tribe for that purpose. They set off with much merriment and shouts of laughter, each boasting to the other of the great exjiloits he would perform during the hunt. Two or three days brought them to the selected grounds. Each man now elected his separate site, the sachems and the aged warriors hav- ing the precedence in the selection. Then each for himself and his family erected a rude booth for his temporary residence, of such mate- rials as were at hand, generally of the boughs of evergreen trees. The floor was thickly covered with dry leaves or withered grass. The camp kettle was suspended from a pole resting on two crotched stakes driven into the ground a little distance from the hut. The next thing to be attended to was to mark the tracks and trails of the various wild ani- mals and to set traps for the lesser, such as the otter, beaver, raccoon, fox, rabbit, squirrel, turkey, pigeon, partridge, quail, etc., etc. The larger animals, as the deer, bear, wolf, panther, etc., were waylaid and shot from ambush, the Indian discovering exceeding sagacity in con- cealing his presence and approaching the game. When the snows began to fall the scattered families were collected together, and the treasures of dried meat, which had been cured by the PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICCJT. squaws during the hunt, were shouldered by every one capable of bearing a load, when they all started for home once more. If there was more meat than could be carried, it was safely buried and secured from the wolves, where it was soon after found and brought safely home by a commission despatched immediately therefor on reaching the so long deserted village. With economy, they generally secured meat enough upon these hunts to last them quite through the winter. But this was a virtue little known and seldom cultivated by the Aborigi- nes. Wasteful to a proverb, they riotously feasted until the pro\isions disappeared, and then submitted to the pangs of famine as best they might through the long and pinching weeks of winter. Fish were taken then precisely as they are taken now, viz : by seine, spear, and hook and line. True, the tackle of the Indian was rude, and consequently comparatively inefReient ; but they nevertheless con- tiived to secure a fair supply from the finny occupants of the rivers and bays with which their beautiful country was so freely indented and slashed. Their seines were simple hand scoops which required great skill and care. Their spears were made with a single point like a lance, headed with some hard substance, either of bone or stone, with a barb to hold the animal. These the Indians used with great dexterity, throwing them from the prow of their frail canoe, over which protruded a bundle of pitch sticks split finely and bound together with thongs or withes, lighted at one end, and whose light clearly revealed the posi- tion of the victim, as he lay unsuspectingly on the bed of the river or creek. Their hooks were generally composed of two small bones, lashed together with a fine sinew, with a barb similar to those seen on our own fish-hooks. Their lines were made of a fine grass, curiously twisted or braided. Thus provided, the Indian supplied his daily necessities, and but for his inordinate love of ease and illimitable prodigality, might easily have laid by ample stores for the long and severe winters which in those early times were almost sure to reign in this inhospitable climate. But such was the improvidence of these simple sons of the forest, that want and hunger were almost sure attendants upon every winter-wig- wam, and sometimes starvation and death. And while we are upon the sumptuary of the Aborigines, we may as well consider briefly their PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. AGRICULTURE. With the rich alluvial bottoms of the rivers and the strong soil of the hill sides, the present occupants of Connecticut contrive to make the harvest an ingathering of plenty, and the horn of her agriculture is nearly always full. But with the unthrifty tilth of the Aborigines, the result was a meager and pitiful harvest. A few bushels of maize, a few pecks of white beans, and a little larger supply of tobacco, to each family, was the whole tale of the annual ingathering of their crops. The consequence of this improvidence was much real suffering from hunger during the long winter months, for which they had so scantily provided. The implements of husbandry were even less efficient and fewer in number, than those of the chase. They had neither plow, nor harrow, nor scythe, nor sickle, nor any other tool than a coarse dibble, a kind of wooden spade, and a rude imitation of a hoe, made from a huge oyster shell, with a short rough stick attached to it. With these they cleared the land and prepared it for the seed, after which nothing more was done until the time to gather the diminutive crops had arrived. The men did not decfrade themselves to the toils of the field. To this hard drudgery they compelled the women, who performed all the severe labors of the field and the wigwam. There were, however, two excep- tions to this rule. "When a family had decided to break up a new patch of ground the whole neighborhood were summoned together, and frequently there might be seen a hundred or even more, men and wo- men, all busily engaged with their rude spades and hoes, tearing up the turf, grubbing out the roots, and making the time pass merrily with their gibes and jokes, occasionally cheered by an extempore recitative, led by some chief, to every sentence of which all the warriors and squaws responded with a grunt. This generally was descriptive of some battle or hunting scene in which the singer or his superior sachem had taken a personal share, or prophetic of some more daring feat in which he was to engage in some premeditated foray on an inimical tribe. Sometimes, however, their humdrum songs partook of a more pastoral character, and set forth the glories of harvest home and the domestic happiness of the wigwam and the home circle. 'J he whole scene usually wound up with a grand feast and a propitiary dance to the harvest spirit, not unfrequently terminating with a bloody fight. 10 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. The other occasion was in tlie gathering and curing the scanty to- bacco crup. This they did not allow their women to touch. "Whether this was the result of some superstition, or a high sense of the dignity of the pipe and its sacred uses, the writer does not pretend to know, and leaves it for each reader to settle for himself, as he may best judge from the premises. DWELLINGS AND FURNITURE. The houses of the New England and Canada Indians were far supe- rior in their construction to those of the Western and Southern Ab- origines. This fact is to be accounted for in the difference of climate. In the more inhospitable regions of the North, the savages were driven by the severity of the winters to seek to render their habitations more impervious to the winds and pelting storms and sifting snows. Many of the Western and Southern tribes sleep and dwell in the open air for a great porMon of the year, and when they are driven to seek a roof for shelter, simply set a half dozen straight poles tied together at the top s?==s=^r:F^^rrr^--^' '":^^=i^ and spread widely apart on the ground, around which rude mats or skins of wild animals are j^ d loosely drawn. In the center of this rude 1^' I tent a fire is built, the smoke of which escapes I through a corresponding aperture in the top. j Here they cook and make their clothing . m*-- .--iii ^^^ implements of the cliase or husbandry l^^^^^l during the day, and when night comes on, arrange themselves around the fire on the ground which is strewn with leaves and dried grass, covered with mats or skins, their feet towards the fire, and their heads forming a large circle near the outside cir- cumference of the tent. The New England tribes, however, according to Gookin, one of the earliest and most observing histoiians of this wild branch of the human family, had learned from tlieir necessities to construct much more comfortable dwellings than their Western brethren. When an Indian family had resolved upon the erection of a habitation, the first thing to be done was to select a suitable site. This was usually near some vil- lao-e — for these nomads were quite gregarious in their habits — also. PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 11 nigh unto some desirable fisliing- grouni], or in the center of some rich alluvial plain or meadow, wliere the earth was easily tilled. One other consideration always entered largely into their calculations — a sheltered position wiih a sunny aspect. The site having been decided, the next thing to be done was to cut and drag to the spot a few dozen saplings, generally of the white birch, iinstripped of any of their limbs. These were set in the ground in close connexion in four rows, forming an ob- long square ; the size of which depended on the means of the builder and the number of the household. The bushy tops of these saplings were now brought together and woven and braided firmly together. The interstices were then filled with twigs and moss and clay until the walls and roof of these primitive dwellings were quite impervious to the cold. The roofs were often covered with birch or hemlock bark, so as to resist the most severe storms of rain. They were sometimes of great size ; some of them belonging to the sachems were a hundred feet long by fifty feet in breadth. The ordinary size, however, was from thirty to forty feet long by from fifteen to thirty feet wide. The fire was built on a pile of stones in the center of the hut, the smoke escaping through an opening in the top. The entrance, which was low and small, was secured in extreme weather by hanging a mat before it. In mild weather the cooking was done out of doors, but when this was impracticable, it was performed at the wigwam fire, around which ranged the warriors, lazily smoking their pipes or fashioning their bows and arrows, tomahawks, pipes, knives or spears. Over the fire a pole was laid on two crotched stakes set firmly in the ground, from which they suspended their meats upon a string. Water was heated in shallow earthen vessels, of which we shall have occasion presently to speak. Gookin, who spent much time with the Indians, prior to 1680, de- clares that many of their wigwams were as comfortable in the cold nights of those long and bitter winters, as the best houses of the Colo- nists. Having erected their dwellings, the next thing was to furnish them. This was a simple matter, compared with the fitting up of a modern house. In advance of their Southern brethren, they had attained the luxury of bedsteads, which were formed by driving crotched stakes in the ground, near the corner of the hut, across which poles were laid interlaced with small boughs and strips of bark, forming a kind of thick 12 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. network. On this was laid a thick coat of leaves or dried grass, which was overlaid with mats or skins. This was the prominent piece of furniture, the rest were simple enough. No chairs, or stools even, no table, no knives or forks, no plates or spoons, and no cooking utensils except the earthen kettle above alluded to, pails made from birch bark, bowls of the pepperage wood, and huge wooden ladles holding from a pint to a quart, carved neatly from the straight grained birch or ma- ple. Besides these were a great variety of baskets, woven from the splints of the ash tree, holding from a half pint to a half dozen bush- els. Many of them were really beautiful, being fantastically colored with the brilliant dyes for which the makers were so famous. They displayed also, considerable ingenuity in the manufacture of their cooking utensils and bowls ; some of these were of considerable size, holding several gallons. The pots were composed of clay mixed with fine sharp sand, dried in the sun and baked in the fire; shaped some- what like a deep earthen bowl. The wooden bowls, as we have said, were carved out of the huge knots of the pepperage tree, and being extremely hard and tough, must have cost the maker a great deal of patient toil. They were sometimes circular, sometimes oblong, and sometimes trefoil, according to the original shape of the knot. A few of these relics are still preserved with great care. In the rooms of the Historical Society at Hartford, are several of these remnants of that race which has so long been swept from the face of the country, over which for so many generations they held undisputed sway. The au- thor of "The History of the Indians of Connecticut," declares, in that excellent work, that he has seen at Norwich, two bowls, each holding about three pints, said to have once formed a part of the household stuff of the great sachem Uncas. One of these bowls is round and is adorned with a handle carved to represent the head of an owl, the other of an oblong shape, with two handles resembling the heads of dogs, facing each other. now THEY DRESSED. Although when leading an idle life the Indian was exceedingly neg- ligent of his dress, yet he was punctilious and even fastidious in the item of his wardrobe, on all occasions of state and parade. In warm weather they were not overburdened with clothing. The children ran about in a perfect state of nature until they were eight or ten years of I'ICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 13 age, when a very scanty pattern of an apron sufficed. At ten or twelve the females were supplied with a breech cloth, which they wore until marriage, when they assumed the leather under shirt coming up over the breast and shoulders and fastened with a belt round tlie waist. This garment generally reached to the hips, and was open in front, the edges and border sometimes ornamented with a fi'inge of leather and dried porcupine quills. Over this they wore a skirt of the same ma- terial, often embroidered with many colored quills, and fastened at the waist and reaching nearly to the feet. The belt often exhibited much ingenious skill, and was made valuable by the addition of beads man- ufactured from the colored parts of the clam and oyster shells. A circlet of a similar kind was fastened round their brows, securing their lank hair from falling about their face, leaving it to fill in ungraceful tangles far down behind. In summer the men usually went naked, save a narrow apron fastened round the loins by a leather thong. In cold weather they wore tight fitting leather breeches, usually made from the skin of the deer, and colored by a yellow earth, so as to as- sume a buff" color. Down upon the outside of eacli leg ran a fringe of leather, sometimes ornamented with beads or porcupine quills. On the feet were worn moccasins made from the heavier parts of the bear skin, and ornamented in the same manner. Above all, was worn a leather cloak or shawl, ornamented according to the taste of the wearer, sometimes by a rude picture of a battle in which the warrior had figured, sometimes a hunting scene, and sometimes figures of beasts and birds, and all manner of creeping things. Acro.^s the shoulders, when going forth to battle or the chase, were slung the never forsaken bow and its full quiver of arrows, while slicking from the belt at the waist might be seen the handle of the scalping knife and the slender stem of the habitual pipe. Bat the head gear of the Indian craved most of his attention and called forth all his ingenuity. Sometimes the whole head was kept closely shaven, except a small tuft on the crown. This was kept constantly filled with bear's grease — in this respect occupy- ing the same point of civilization with our modern belles — and trained to a luxurious length. This was often braided and coiled and looped up on the top of the head and stuck full of the quills before spoken of, and ornamented with a bunch of eagle's quills, sometimes dyed, some- times retaining their original color ; or a string of wampum, the ends of which fell gracefully down his shioulders. Sometimes the preserved 14 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. bead of a fox, or even a wolf or bear, with the teeth grinning in all their ferocious naturalness, would take the place of the plume of eagle's feathers, giving a peculiarly savage aspect to its wearer. On all occa- sions of war, or diplomatic intercourse with other tribes, the warriors painted their ftices and heads in the most fjiptastic and hideous manner, until they were perfectly frightful to look upon. For ornaments, the women often wore bracelets and anklets, curiously manufactured from the bones of small animals, birds and fishes, or the purple centers of the oyster shell, curiously dyed, and so constructed that a tinkling or rattling sound escaped when the wearer walked or danced. On espe- cial occasions, as on the death of some member of the family, or the birth of an infant, or the marriage of a daughter, the squaws decorated themselves with a mantle wrought from the skins of beautiful birds, so that the feathers appeared in their natural condition, exhibiting all the varied hues of the sunny songsters, whose lives were thus foifeited to the caprices of the Indian maidens and matrons. They were far more profuse with paint than the men, who rarely painted themselves, except on the occasions above alluded to. The women colored their hair also, with red and yellow ocher, and plentifully rubbed in with a pro- fusion of bear's grease. AMUbEMENTS. The Indians have been called a taciturn race, but they are by no means averse to a frolicksome mood occasionally. It ill consorts with their ideas of dignity, to make the slightest exhibition of levity when any topic of weighty interest is under consideration, or any grave matter is in hand ; but in the hours of relaxation they unbend like children and give way to the most exuberant and boisterous mirth. As they enter upon war or the chase with all the ardor of their wild nature, so they carry into their amusements the same hearty zeal and devotion. Like all other savage, as well as civilized nations, the Ab- origines of Connecticut had a variety of games, into which all en- tered — games alike of skill and of chance. The former of these were engaged in from the mere desire of exhil)iting their strength and skill, the latter were used only for gambling purposes, a passion for which seems to have been inherent in the race. A game somewhat similar to that of cards, was played with pieces of rushes of unequal lengths and divers colors. Dice were not un- PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 15 known to them. They were formed of stones, three, four, or even five sided, with marks of value on each side. They were thrown from the hand upon a smooth place upon the ground. On the turn of these mao-ical bits of stone were often hazarded the entire fortune of the players, and great was the rejoicing of the winner and his friends, while the loosing party were exceedingly chagrined and disheartened. Sometimes the despondency of the victim was so deep and permanent as to lead to suicide. Foot ball was another favorite pastime with these simple sons of the forest, and into which game they carried all the enthusiasm of their nature. The game is ever an exciting one, and with them often resulted in a regular fight, sometimes ending in bloody heads and even death. DANCES. But of all the amusements among the Aborigines none was so ex- citing as the various dances observed among them. Some of thefe were stated and periodical, others merely occasional. Some were ceremonial, others were merely for the purposes of sport. Of the first mentioned were the planting and harvest dances ; the one a solemn invocation to their gods to avert calamity and grant a favorable issue to their husbandry, the other a joyous, exultant thanksgiving to the god of the harvest, for the abundant crops and for the plentiful supply of game and iish. Of the next class were the powwows of the medicine men to avert sickness or to heal it. Of this we shall speak more at length, under the head of " Diseases, etc." Among the ceremonial dances, were those preparatory to the hunt, or on going forth to war. Of the former of these we have already spoken, under our hunting head. The war dances were the grand ceretnonies of the nation. These were upon the occasion of going forth to battle, and the celebration of victories achieved. Great and solemn were the preparations for war. When a tribe had resolved to wage war upon another tribe, the warriors met in secret council to discuss the probabilities of success. If these were at all doubtful, trusty mes- sengers were despatched to some neighboring and friendly tribe with propositions to join them in the campaign. The utmost pains were taken to keep the whole matter a profound secret. Spies were sent out to examine all the passes to the enemy's country, and to ascertain if possible the numerical force of the enemy and their exact condition. 16 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. Great preparations for the coming contest went on at home. An abundant supply of bows and arrows, tomahawks and scalping knives, were provided, and for weeks before setting forth, the young warriors underwent a vigorous discipline and drill in the arts of their savage warfare. At length, when everything was in readiness for the march, the warrior.-;, young and old, assembled in the public square of the villnge, for the purpose of a solemn war dance. This was a religious atiair. The priest, or medicine man of the tribe, sometimes called a 2)owwoii), decorated with skins of savage beasts, and making himself as horrible to human vision as it was possible for him to do, seated himself in the center of the square on the ground. He held between his knees a drum made from a hollow log, with the ends covered with a tightly drawn skin of some wild animal, to the edges of which were attached shells, which rattled against each other and produced a monot- onous and not inharmonious jingle, in just accordance wilh the ever- lasting turn, turn of the instrument to which they were attached. When the warriors were all ranged around him in order, the prie.-t be- gan gently and slowly to beat upon his drum with a heavy stick, ac- companying the blows with a gentle undulation of the body, and a low monitone of the voice, embodying the grievances of the tribe, the pur- pose of the war, and what was expected of every warrior, in the com- ing strife. At first his voice was low and monotonous and the move- ments of the Indians corresponded. They moved gently backward and forward, uttering an occa?ional approval of the priest's recitation by a low, short grunt. Gradually warming with his theme, the powwow began to beat his drum with fiercer thumps, and to elevate his voice until it amounted to little more than a prolonged shriek. The move- ments of the warriors were proportionably accelerated, until at length they seemed like men each posses-^ed of more than a legion of devils. They threw themselves into the most horrible distortions, uttered the most diabolical groans and cries, brandished their hatchets and knives, and went through all the motions of the bloody fray they so eagerly expected, with the most frantic delight. Suddenly, when the priest and his waniors were entirely exhausted, at a signal given from him, the dance ceased, while the dancers stood reeking with perspiration and panting with the violent exertion to which they had been subjected. But after a few minutes were allowed PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 17 for rest, when the same violent scenes were repeated, sometimes even to the tenth or twelfth time, each time with a slight variation of the programme. If in these excessive exercises, any of the youthful war- riors broke down — which was not unfrequent — the poor youths were rejected from the band of braves, and left at home in disgrace with the old men and women, who exercised all their ingenuity to torment them with ridicule, calling them squaws and setting them to a squaw's unworthy task. At the conclusion of the dance, they seated them- selves in grave circles around the priest and solemnly quatfed three whitis from the war-pipe, beginning with the grand sachem and de- scending in regular gradation according to the acknowledged standing of the warriors. And now, having made all due preparations and propitiated their deities, they set out upon their march of death. As soon as they be- gin to approach the neighborhood of their foes, they become circum- spect and cautious. Scouts are kept in advance of the main column and on either wing, who scour the country with great fidelity and se- cresy, sometimes disguising themselves and penetrating even into the very camp of the enemy. If they are not discovered on their approach, they arrange to fall upon their unsuspecting victims in that heavy hour of slumber just preceding the dawn, and mercilessly destroy all whom they can reach, being careful to reserve a suitable number of prisoners to grace their triumphal return to their native village. After burning all the wigwams, and killing all the women and old men, and destroying the standing crops, if there are any, they gather together the spoils, of which every warrior bears his part, and amidst the wild- est rejoicings commence their return march. On arriving at their homes, a council is held to decide on the division of the spoils and the disposition to be made of the prisoners. If a widow or mother have been bereaved in the recent conflict, she is permitted to select one from among the prisoners to supply his place, and he is adopted into the family in good faith and becomes, bona fide, a member of the bereaved household. But some are always reserved for martyrdom, and these generally the chief men among the prisoners. Their doom having been decided, they are at once handed over to the tender mercies of the tribe. The women and children vie with the men in calling them every opprobrious name, and taunting them with the basest cowardice. They are spat upon and every disgusting and 18 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNKCTICUT. humiliating missle is hurled at their head, until they are often covered with the most filthy and unsavory substances. Then comes the more serious work of their torment. Sometimes they are made to run the gauntlet of the whole tribe, armed with knives, and if they reach the end with life, however horribly cut and mangled, they are excused from further trial and adopted into the tribe. But more generally they are doomed to endure tlie horrors of a slow fire, after suftering the horrible and disgusting mutilations of the most prominent members of the body. Sometimes their bodies are stuck full of dry pitch splinters, which are set on fire and suffered thus slowly and literally to roast them alive. Sometimes they were tied to a tree in such a manner that they could walk entirely round it, and a slow fire was kindled at such a distance as to prolong the tortures of the victims to the utmost possible point of endurance. These and many other devices, as ingenious and hell- ish, were resorted to, in order to impress the mind of the victim with the great power of the conquerors, or to extort from the suffering en- emy the smallest token of weakness and pain. But it was rare that the slightest sign escaped the sutterer. In his greatest agony, he would taunt his persecutors with their weakness, and defy them to in- vent some new torture. With the utmost apparent composure he would sing his death song, mingled with contemptuous curses upon the heads of the " miserable squaws,''^ as he would denominate his fiendish executioners. This was considered the height of heroism, and Commanded the admiration of even his tormentors. Besides the dances already mentioned, there was one so peculiar as to deserve a separate notice, and might well be called the ^ RAFFLE DANCE. This dance is characteristic, and shows how deeply inbred into their nature was the spirit of gambling, A dozen or more young unmar- ried men would assemble in one of the larger wigwams in the village, each one bringing with him his entire wealth. The indispensable drum was there, and when its slow rub-a-dub-dub commenced, one of the company stepped into the circle, with some valuable article in his hand, such as a beautiful bow and quiver, or tomahawk, a highly finished knife, a bowl or basket of his own cojistruction, or even a costly belt of wampum, and dancing slowly forth and back, be de- PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 19 clared its value in a musical recitation, keeping the most exact time with the tap of the drum. Presently some one from the circle would step forward and beg it, saying, " Give it me, I pray," when the dancer would immediately bestow it upon the beggar. In this way he would proceed, until he had disposed of every worldly thing he possessed. Then another would step into the circle and become alike bankrupt, his only chance of carrying anything away being that of begging in his turn from others. Such was the fascination of this game that it was no uncommon thing for the dancer to strip oft" his clothing and thus throw it away, or even to offer his body and life as a slave. THE FAMILY. There is considerable discrepancy among the early historians of the Aborigines, in respect to their conjugal condition. While some assert that anything like affection in the household was rare indeed, others declare that it was very general, and that the attachment between man and wife was very strong. That there were instances, few and far be- tween, of deep and tender attachment, none I think can doubt, and it seems equally certain to my mind that they assumed the relation of husband and wife for convenience. But of the strong aff"ection of the parents for their offspring, there is no dissention. Indeed, the early writers, whose ideas of family government had grown up under the rigid rule of their own puritan homes, declared that the parental au- thority was scarcely a name, and that the young savages soon assumed the rule of the wigwam, and carried it with a high hand against all re- straint. But so soon as the unbreeched heathen began to reach the estate of manhood, the tribe assumed his teaching and discipline, and every flagrant act of disobedience or insubordination was severely punished. The husband was complete lord of the wigwam, and the wife acted the part of a subordinate. The women were considered merely as drudges, and upon them were laid all the heavy burdens of life. To till the soil and gather in the crops, to cure the meat and skins coming from the chase, to procure fuel from the forest and food from the water, to care for every household necessity ; these were to constitute the ob- ligations of the wife, and woe to her who shrunk from the task. Her indolent lord was at liberty to quicken her movements with the use of his foot or fist, or any weapon which might be at hand. And if she INDIAN FAMILY. fell a victim to liis fury, there was no court to redress her wrongs, for the husband had power over the wife, even to the spilling of lier bloix!. It, is asserted, however, by those who became lirst acquainted with the Indians, that before the fatal '■'■firewater'''' was introduced, such bloody scenes were seldom enacted, except in cases of marked in- fidelity on the part of the wife. This was looked upon as the highest crime of which the debased squaw could be guilty, wliile the common and constant violation of tiie conjugal relation on the husband's fart, was by no means considered asde^ervini; rehukc. PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 21 But tlie conjugal tie was not considered as biiiding as among civil- ized nations. The husband could put away his wife at pleasure, or assume a plurality of wives, provided he were able to maintain them. Nor was the wife bound to remain with her husband, if he treated her with extreme crueltv. If she could manage to escape from her un- happy home, and take refuge with a neighboring tribe, she was cer- tain to meet with a cordial reception, and a husband ready to her hand. But if, by the reverses of war, she should again fall into the hands of her former companions, a terrible fate awaited her. Still, although divorce seemed thus easy, the ca-es of separation, as Roger Williams and other writers assure us, were much more rare than might have been expected. It was not uncommon to find couples who had lived together for twenty, thirty, and even tifcy years, in apparent har- mony. COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE. When a young Indian had fixed his eye on one of the village belles, his first step was to throw himself as much as possible in her way. He visited the wigwam of her father, and often assisted her in the liofhter labors in which she was enofaged. He also brou(>;ht to her small presents, such as a finely wrought basket, a plump partridge, a rabbit from his snares, a few porcupine quills, or a bit of wampum. If she reciprocated his attachment she cordially accepted his gifts as an evidence that his attentions were not displeasing to her. If his ad- vances were troublesome, she would throw his gifts into his face and run from his presence. This was generally considered a rejection of the unlucky lover. But there were jilts among the aboriginal, as w-ell as the subsequent occupants of the soil, and a shrewd lover could usually tell which way the wind blew, and persevered accordingly in his siege, until the fair citadel was overcome and ceased to resist. Meanwhile the parents had been well plied with gifts, and were thus enlisted in behalf of the lover. No one was allowed, to enter into the conjugal state without the sanction of the principal sachem of the tribe. Of course, when the successful lover had secured his quarry, his next step was to gain the consent of the chief. This was easily obtained, as a general thing, and then, as for ceremony, the only thing necessary was to place her hand in his, in the presence of the sachem, and the thing was done. 22 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. THE CIVIL POLITY. The Indians bad no written code of laws. As in all barbarous na- tions, there was a vast deal of independence. I cannot discover that the chiefs interfered with the commercial or domestic intercourse of their subjects, except in extreme cases of wrong or injury. If an In- dian beat his wife or child, even to death, it was considered his prerog- ative to do so. If an Indian overreached another and imposed upon him, there was no suit brought " for obtaining goods under false pre- tences," but the sufferer was universally judged to have got his deserts and the robber was accounted shrewd and cunning in the trick. While one was laughed at for his verdancy the other was honored for his sagacity. Hereditary and absolute monarchy obtained with all the American tribes. The Indians of New England were governed in each tribe, which was absolutely independent of all other tribes, except so far as they were bound by treaty for mutual defense or aggression, by a head chief, called the Grand Sachem. He was assisted in his counsels by several inferior chiefs called sagamores. The first inherited his powers, the others were appointed by the Grand Sachem, and were generally selected on account of their skill in the hunt or their bravery in war. Before these sagamores, presided over by the chief, came all important trial cases, involving life, such as murder, treason, cowardice in war, etc., etc. When the culprit was adjudged to be guilty of the crime for which he was arraigned, the sentence was carried into immediate exe- cution, and he was despatched with a single blow of the club or toma- hawk, administered by the chief, who was also the public executioner. Each of these sagamores, on his appointment, became entitled to gather around his person such a number of wariiors as he might be able, to whom he became the head and led them to battle, either un- der the direction of the Chief or at his own suggestion. Hence a con- stant rivalry existed between these petty chiefs and their respective bands. This was carried at times to such lengths as to lead to bloody collisions, which required the interference of the Chief Sachem. But this was rarely the case, and the rivalry resulted in strenuous en- deavors to outdo each other in warlike and other manly feats. In case of fiiilure of male descent, some female of the royal line PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 23 succeeded to the government; an event rarely occurring, although not without precedent. Sometimes it happened that on the death of the sacliem, there was no direct issue in the royal family. Then a sachem was elected from th6 lower chiefs, to sit upon the throne. This was an occasion of the greatest interest and anxiety. The different branches of the tribe were summoned to the principal village, the late royal res- idence. Here, under the direction of the priests, they spent many days in religious preparation, such as severe fasting, violent and long continued dances, harangues from the most able men among them, to be united in the choice they were about to make, eulogies upon the character of the late reigning monarch, etc., etc. When several days had thus passed, they met in the grand council room, and after a long and ominous silence each chief and warrior, as he was called on, indi- cated his preference for a candidate to fill the vacant post of honor and power. The chief who received a majority of the votes was declared elected, and he was duly installed by placing on his person and in his hands the insignia of royalty which had belonged to his predecessor. He was then conducted in great pomp and circumstance to the late royal residence, and there formally inducted into all its prerogatives, including the wives and children of the defunct chief, and all the mem- bers of the royal household. From this moment he was considered as being of royal blood, inheriting all the privileges and iaamunities of one born in regular descent. That there might be no admixture of plebeian blood in the line of royal descent, the chief was absolutely forbidden to marry outside of the royal family. Or rather, although he was allowed a plurality of wives, none of his oflspring were considered eligible to the throne, save such as were born of a noble mother. It was a maxim cherished among them that '' if the mother be noble, the son must inherit nobil- ity to some extent, while if she be ignoble, there may not be a drop of royal blood in his veins," plainly intimating to what an extent the spirit of the seventh commandment was respected among them. The Indiahs expected from their Grand Sachem a nobler character and loftier deeds than from any other. As he was the hereditary head of the nation, so they demanded that he should excel in everything which constituted their beau ideal of a good Indian. If he met these high demands — if he showed himself brave in battle, successful in the hunt, sagacious in counsel, and energetic in the discharge of his execu- 24 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT, tive duties, lie was uniformly respected and beloved, and there was not a warrior in the whole tribe who would not gladly lay down his life for him, if it should become necessary. But if he were weak, cowardly, vascillating;, and lax in his discipline, he was universally despised, his authority fell into disrepute, and all the affairs of the tribe be.carae de- ranged. Although by the constitution under whose regime he was born, he inherited absolute power, nothing was rarer among the Aborigines than a despotic prince. His instincts taught him that it was better policy to conciliate the good will of his proud and haughty subjects, than to try to enforce unpopular measures. Hence he often consulted his cabinet, and in cases of great emergency he sometimes called to- gether the whole nation. This was usually a mere form, however, for if they had confidence in the wisdom of their ruler, they generally fell in with his suggestions, and brought all their energies and resources to the support of his views. The royal household was supported by a kind of voluntary tribute. No set tax was assessed, but every one brought to the hand of his chief such gifts as they were competent to impart, and such was the force of public opinion — more potent than that of many excisemen — that a delinquency in this matter was exceedingly rare, and sure to bring the delinquent into great contempt among all the members of his tribe. Thus the house of the sachem was abundantly supplied with the iteces- saries of life. The first fruits of the field, fish and game, necessary household utensils, the largest and most beautiful quills of the eagle or the porcupine, baskets elegantly wrought and curiously stained, bowls elaborately carved, and sometimes rich belts of wampum, skins of difterent wild animals or birds, constituted the unassessed revenue of this child of fortune and of power. When the chief received the gifts from his subjects, he accepted them very graciously, uttering many expressions of thanks, and saying some flattering and grateful word to the giver, at the same time bestowing some trifling present, which was received and treasured as a valuable memento of royal favor. MORAL CHARACTER. It is difticult for us, at this remote period, to have any just estimate of the morality of the aboriginal races. We have always been accus- PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 25 tomed to think and speak of them as a treacherous, lyin^ij, thieving;^ cruel and bloodthirsty race, hated by all civilized nations and abjured by all good men. But I can find no good reason to think that they were not as true to their unwritten code of right and wrong as we are to our statute books. We must not forget that cunning, treachery, cruelty and bloodthirstiness were esteemed virtues by their best men, when exercised towards an enemy. Measured by the Christian rule they come far short, but 1 think a careful examination would show that they generally came quite as near the fulfillment of their ac- knowledged code, as do their more enlightened successors. It is true that a lax code of morals, as measured by our standard, prevailed, but what else could have been expected of savages. Still, flagrant crimes were swiftly and terribly avenged. Some of the earlier writers assert that chastity was indeed a rare virtue, that the race, with scarcely an exception, was given to the most lascivious and promiscuous inter- course, while others declare that these crimes, as in more civilized na- tions, were the exception and not the rule. Where there is such dis- crepancy it is hard to form a correct opinion. Certain is it, however, that any detected dereliction in the conjugal obligation on the part of the wife was immediately punished by putting her away, or by a severe chastisement, and sometimes by a terrible deaili. In one word, they were savages, and this is sufficient to blind the eyes of certain sanctimonious persons to every shade of light which might appear in their character. Yes, they were savages, without revelation, without civilization, without mora! training, (except in the lowest degree,) with- out schools or even a written language, and it would be wrong to judge them by the rules of our church, and " damn them to everlast- ing fame," simply because without any of these means c)f culture or discipline they refuse to yield the perfect fruits of the divine law. On the whole we may say that the Indian races will compare ffivorably in the moral scale with any other savage races on the globe. Abstractly and measured by our higher law they may appear vile and detestable, but comparatively, and weighed in a just balance, they are far from ig- noble. DISEASES, AND THEIR TREATMENT. There is a tradition among all the races of the original proprietors of our soil, that formerly " the Indians were as thick as the leaves of 2G PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. the forest," and inhabited every nook and territory of this vast coun- try, but that a great many moons before the whites visited them, the Great Spirit became offended with his red children, and sent a terrible pestilence,* which swept off, in some places, whole tribes, leaving not one individual alive to tell the story of their fate, and greatly depopu- lating other portions of the land. That from this time the race has been passing away, according to the prediction of the Great Spirit, who sent his angel to thus pour out the vials of his hot wrath upon their guilty heads. The prediction seems likely to be fulfilled. Every year the races are diminishing and fast disappearing before the onward march of civilization. The inevitable cause of this decrease, we can- not here stop to consider. That there is a providential hand in it, seems not to admit of gainsaying; but this aspect of the case, also, rich as it is in material for reflection, must be passed over as not coming within the scope of our purpose. The diseases of the Indians were few, but mostly of the inflamma- tory kind. Consumption was then, as now, the terror of New Eng- land. It was computed that more Indians fell a prey to this insidious but terrible disease, than to all others besides. To this were to be added, pleurisies, acute rheumatisms, quinsies, fevers, and other forms of inflammations. These were generally rapid in their development, and reached their crisis in a few days and sometimes hours. Even consumption took on th^ rapid type, and a few weeks served to bring its victim to the grave. Paralysis, apoplexy, and all kindred diseases were unknown, or so extremely rare as to have never attracted the no- tice of the earlier observers. We have spoken of epidemics. The small pox seems to have been the dreaded scourge of the Indians. This came by long intervals, but when it did make its appearance it carried dismay and consternation into every bosom. Their utter igno- rance of the true manner of treating this disease, together with their excessively filthy habits of living, caused them to fall an easy prey to the destroyer. As we have seen, it was not uncommon for a whole tiibe to be swept off by one visitation. In other cases only a few wretched beings were left to carry the sad intelligence to the neighbor- ing tribes. All the New England tribes were the victims of scrofula, as is indi- cated in the number of the victims to consumption — one of the com- * Supposed to be the small pox. PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 27 inonest as well as deadliest forms of its manifestation. It likewise ex- hibited itself in ulcers, especially after the introduction of the accursed " firewater " among them. Toothache, also, was a very common form of its manifestation, and Roger Williams declares that with whatever fortitude an Indian would endure torture and pain, a fit of the tooth- ache was sure to upset his equanimity, and he would cry like a baby, rolling on the ground in the most manifest agony. The curse of civilization had not laid upon the Indian women the pangs of parturition, which appertain to what are called the more elevated classes of society. They continued all their out-door and their severer labor up to the very hour of child-birth. The early his- torians relate that it was by no means uncommon for a woman to be seized with the pains of childbearing while upon a journey, when she would quietly turn aside, often entirely alone, and in a few hours over- take the company with her newly born babe wrapped in a skin and strapped to her back, resuming her place in the caravan as if nothing had happened. Whatever we may now-a-days hear of the skill of " Indian doctors," nothing is more certain than that there was an exceedingly minute amount of medical knowledge among them. They had no means of studying either the structure or economy of the human body, and their whole pharmacopia consisted in a few simples culled from the forest or mountain side. They had discovered that lobelia acted as an emetic, and thoroughwort and other bitter herbs were laxative in their effects, and this was nearly the extent of their materia medica. Sweat- ing was a common mode of treatment in all attacks of an inflamma- tory kind. This was eft'ected, generally, in the following manner: — a pit was dug in the ground, and filled with heated stones, on which cer- tain green or moistened herbs were laid, which were then sprinkled with water. The patient, wrapped closely in skins, was then made to stand over this vapor bath until a copious perspiration was induced. W^hen this was at its hight, large quantities of cold water were thrown over him, and he was wrapped in warm, dry skins, and" put to bed. If a stream of water were at hand, the patient was made to plunge be- neath its surface several times. This often occurred in mid-winter. There can be no doubt but that this mode of treating many of the acute diseases to which the Indians were liable, was judicious and salutary. 28 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. But they did not always depend on these outward and physical appli- ances. In their ignorance and superstition they believed that the earth and all its inhabitants were subject to the infestation of evil spirits, and when the disease resisted their simple remedies, they resorted to spir- itual appliances. We have spoken of the priestly order recognized among all tribes of American Indians. But the mission of the priest was a very difterent one from that which pertains to the sacerdotal or- der among civilized people. It was no mediator between the human soul and its Ci-eator ; it ministered only to the physical necessities. It propitiated the great spirit and all lesser evil spirits, but only to avert evil from the body or the state. Hence, when the usual remedies failed to conquer the disease, the services of the priest were called for. In order to secure these services a douceur was expected — the powwow- must be first propitiated and afterwards the malignant gods, and the length and earnestness of his incantations were measured by the weight of the bribe. These preliminaries being settled, the powwow arrayed himself in the most frightful skins of wild beasts, painted his face in the most diabolic fashion, and when he thought himself suffi- ciently horrible to frighten away the foul fiends, he proceeded to the house of his jjatient, and without uttering a sound, seated himself in the middle of the floor, and remained in utter silence for a full quarter and sometimes a half hour, the friends of the sick person sitting around him in solemn silence. He began his incantations by gently rocking his body forward and backward, accompanied with low and indistinct mutteringsorchantings, occasionally reaching his hand and turning his eyes upward, as if invoking the Deity. He usually accompanied hiu]- self with a regular beat on a small drum. Gradually raising his voice, and increasing his motions, he rose by degrees until his voice came forth in the most unearthly yells, and his gestures became absolutely frightful. This bawling, gesticulating and grimacing he continued un- til utter exhaustion succeeded, and he was compelled to stop for want of breath. Resting for a few minutes, he commenced again in the same low manner, and soon rose to his former violence. During the performance of these rites, the sick person and all the spectators were violently exercised, and from time to time would give an approving grunt to encourage the principal actor in these orgies. When the powwow thought he had sufficiently propitiated the ofiending deities, or earned the full amount of his fee, he would suddenly cease his ex- riCTOHIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 29 ertions, and going to the bed of the sufterer, would breathe several times in his face and on those parts of the body where the disease seemed to be concentrated, and then leave the house in the same silent and stealthy manner in which he entered it. The success of this treatment depended, doubtless, on the amount of faith in the patient and the peculiar character of the disease. A highly nervous tempera- ment, which, among the unintelligent, is often accompanied by a large amount of suDcrstitious belief in invisible agencies might become so oreatly excited as to produce a shock sufficiently forcible to break up the disease, and cause the powers of nature to rally in his favor, and assist in his restoration to health. DEATH, BURIAL, MOURNING, ETC. When disease had given over dust to dust, and the spirit of their friend had departed, the relatives seated themselves around the corpse on the floor in perfect silence for several hours, with their hair dis- heveled and their heads bowed in solemn sorrow. Not a word was uttered, and the only manifestation of grief visible was a slow rock- ing of the body to and fro in a monotony of woe. For a day or two the bereaved received their friends and acquaintances. On their first approach, they would gently stroke the cheek or head of the mourner and utter some consolatory word, such as " peace," "' be of good cheer," "hold up your heart," or any like expression of comfort, the mourners responding in a short grunt indicative of their appreciation of the well meant condolence. After a day or two, according to the state of the thermometer, two or three of the principal men of the village came in, and after deco- rating the corpse with anklets and bracelets, and a necklace of wam- pum, swathed the body in mats ready to be borne to its final resting place. Meanwhile a shallow grave had been prepared with their rude wooden dibbles, the bottom of whi(;h had been covered with sticks. One of the grave and reverend undertakers then threw the body over his shoulder and bore it to the grave, the household and all the rela- tives of the family following, with every sign and sound of woe. Ar- rived at the grave they threw themselves on the ground around it, when the corpse was deposited, generally in a sitting posture, in the new made grave. Then commenced a general outburst of grief. The 30 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. men would howl and moan, the women wail and shriek, plucking out their hair by han.ifulls, and sometimes lacerating their flesh with knives or sharp sticks, while the tears which streamed down tlieir blackened faces and fell upon their robes in liquid soot, showed j^Iainl}' enough that their grief was genuine. A few things were then depos- ited in the grave to help the departed spirit on his journey to the hunting grounds of tlie Spirit-land — such as his bow and quiver, a bowl and knife, with such trinkets as the deceased had shown a particular fondness for while in life, together with some slight pro- visions for his immediate necessities, for he was expected to be able soon to furnish himself with all needed food — and then the grave was filled. A fresh burst of lamentations succeeded this shutting out for- ever from the sight the remains of him who had been so dear in life. His best garments were now hung on some convenient tree for the use of the departed, should he have occasion to use them, where they were destined to remain until reduced to their primitive elements by the in- fluence of the changing atmosphere. They were considered sacred, and no Indian, friend or foe, would have laid a sacrilegious finger upon them on any consideration. The Indians manifested a good deal of affection for their dead, and sacredly consecrated a burial place in every village. These places were always approached with a feeling of awe and reverence, and for many months after the burial of a friem.l the grave was daily resorted to and watered by the tears of the bereaved, and many little tokens of love were deposited, from time to time, upon the grave. Some- times a delicate morsel of food, such as the deceased was partial to, was placed there, supposing it might be useful to him in his spiritual wanderings in limbo. These were, of course, generally removed by tlieir dogs or some beast of prey, while the simple minded Indian never doubted but that it had fallen into the hands for which it was originally intended. Whatever else was left there remained inviolate until it mingled with the dust, for one of these children of the forest would sooner have plucked out his own right eye than to have been guilty of the atrocious sacrilege of removing them. When a great man passed away, or the son of a great sachem de- ceased, the funeral ceremonies were conducted on a much grander scale, and large sacrifices were offered to appease the great Spirit, or to propitiate his regard for the departed. Sometimes the body was PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 31 decorated witli every costly garment and trinket whieli beloiio-ed to the living, and laid out in great form and state for several days, in the center of the wigwam, where it was visited by all who desirtd to look once more upon the face of him with whom they had been so famil- iar in life. Every one brought some slight gift and laid it on a mat beside the corpse. After it had lain as long as was prudent, it was covered high with the most combustible material, such as pitch knots, and the whole ignited, amidst such yells and shrieks, and wailings, as only North American savages can produce, wliile the body, with the wigwam and everything in it, was reduced to a mass of charred brands and ashes. The bones, if any were left, and if none, the ashes, were carefully collected together and thrown hurriedly into a shallow grave, and being hastily covered, were left to mingle with their com- mon dust. I believe that I cannot better fill this section than to transcribe to these pages the well condensed account given by J. W. De Forest' Esq., in liis valuable "History of tlie Indians of Connecticut," a book to which I have been considerably indebted in my preparation of this portion of my work. From the nomadic character of the N. A. In- dian, it is perfectly natural that slight shades of dift'erence should ex- ist between distant tribes in the minor points of their theology; buf the cardinal doctrines are wonderfully coincident between the widest extremes of residence — extremes which made utterly unintelligible to each other their common language. "If is certain, however," says Mr. De Forest, " that they believed in one great and invisible deity, who was variously known, in different tribes, by the names of Kiehtan, Woonand and Cautantowit. He lived far away to the southwest, and concerned himself little with the affairs of men in this life. His nature was benevolent, and it was through his gift, the Indians said, that they first obtained their corn and beans. But, as they feared him not, he received little of their veneration ; ard their old men told the English colonists that the wor- ship of the good Kiehtan had declined among them, even within their remembrance. "They paid much more respect to Hobbamocko, the spirit of evil, • the author of all human plagues and calamities. From the fear which 32 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. his supposed power and malignjint disposition inspired he received great veneration : many dances were performed in his honor, and many sacrifices offered to appease his wrath. "But there was likewise a race of inferior deities, who might be re- garded as the spirits or geniuses of various persons and objects. The Narragansetts repeated to Roger Williams the names of tliirty-seven of these manittos^ each being an object of worship, and each bearing a significant name. There was a god of the north, a god of the south, a god of the east, a god of the west, a god of the house, a god of women, and a god of children. The sun, the moon, the sea, the fire, and many other things were believed to be animated by spirits; and each of them, as circumstances seemed to require, might be made an object of sacrifice and adoration. Roger Williams once disputed with some Narragansetts about the existence of Yotaanit, their god of fire. To his arguments they replied : 'What! is it possible that this fire is not a divinity ? It comes out of a cold stone ; it saves us from dying of hunger ; if a single spark falls into the dry wood it con- sumes the whole country. Can anything wliich is so powerful be otlier than a deity V " But, althougli the Indians belived in, and worshiped so great a number of divinities, they seem never to have attempted to represent any of them in a substantial and visible form. Singular stones, bear- ing a faint resemblance to the human head and bust, have indeed been found, and have sometimes been designated as Indian gods. They are, however, evidently the productions of nature; and, as they were not shaped by the hand of man, there remains not even the pre- sumption that they were ever the objects of his worship. "When the Indians were questioned as to their creation, some of the inland tribes easily disposed of the subject by answering that they were descended from the inhabitants of the seacoast. As to when or how the inhabitants of the seacoast came into being they pretended not to sav. Another story was, that two young squaws were once wading or swimming in the sea ; the foam touched their bodies and they became pregnant ; one brought forth a boy and the other a girl ; the two women then died, and their chiUlren became tlie progenitors of the human race. Roger Williams says that the Narragansetts would allow, in general, that God made all things; but still insisted that the skies, and earth, and people of England, were made by the PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 33 English God, while they, with their skies and earth, were made by their own gods. They also told him that Cautautowit, the great god of the southwest, made a man and woman of stone ; but, not liking them, he broke them in pieces, and made another pair, of wood, from whom all human beings were descended. " If the Indians were favored with any good fortune, they acknowl- edged it as coming from the deity. If any calamity or accident over- took them, although no more than a common fall, they were accus- tomed to observe that God was angry with them. If a man even had a dream which seemed to portend misfortune, he would rise in the darkness and pray that the threatened calamity might be averted. Williams relates that an Indian child having died during the night, its father, on discovering his loss at daybreak, called up the fiimily. All began to weep and lament, while the bereaved parent exclaimed with many tears, ' God, thou hast taken away my child. Thou art angry with me. turn away thy wrath and spare the rest of my children.' " On another occasion the same author, while gazing with unavailino' pity upon a young Indian who was dying of a wound, observed that in his agonies he often called upon Muckachiickwand, the god of chil- dren. The natives who stood round informed him that many years before, Muckachuckwand had appeared to the young man in a dream, and told him to call upon him for help when he was in distress. Thus the poor Indian, in his bereavements and his dying hour, called for mercy and assistance to those gods in whom he had been taught to be- lieve, "They held that the soul existed after death, and that the spirits of the good would go to the house of Kiehtan, for away in the warm re- gions of the southwest. There they would be delivered from all sor- row and preserved from all misfortune ; and they would enjoy pleasures similar to those which are to be met with here, only in exhaustless abundance, and in complete perfection. The wicked, too, would go to the door of Kiehtan and knock for admittance ; but, upon his telling them to go away, they would be obliged to wander abroad forever in a state of horror and restless discontent. The Indians placed their heaven in the southwest, because the wind from that quarter is the warmest and pleasautest that blows in this climate, and usually brings fair weather in its train. 34 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. " The soul was called by the Narragansetts cowwewonck, a word de- rived from sleep ; ' because,' said they, ' it works and continues in mo- tion while the body sleeps.' They had also another name for it, signi- fying 'a clear sight or discernment.' " All over New England, and, indeed, throughout all the region covered by the United States and Canada, existed that class of priest- hood whom I have already mentioned, the powwoios. The individuals who composed this profession were usually devoted to it from child- hood, and were tried by painful ceremonies, by fasting and by want of sleep. Their object in these austerities was to attain to a converse with the gods; yet it was not every one, they imagined, who made this attempt, that succeeded ; and, of those who did succeed, some were fur inferior in influence and familiarity witb supernatural beings to others. To confirm the idea of their inspiration, the powwows seem to have practiced some of the arts of juggling or natural magic. A number of the tricks whicb they thus performed were so wonderful and seemingly unaccountable, that many of the English colonists verily believed them to be accomplished by the special assistance of Satan. But, more than this, the powwows pretended to fall into trances, to be favored with visions which foretold future events, and to behold fearful and mysterious apparitions of the deiiy. " It is probable that these men deliberately imposed many times upon the credulity of their countrymen ; but it is also probable that they often believed themselves to be seized and impelled by the irre- sistible force of some supernatural impulse. It is unquestionable that, under the influence of superstition, the human mind may work itself, by its own eff"orts, into such a degree of excitement, as to dethrone reason for a time and wrest from it its power over the body. The actor, in such a case, will foam at the mouth, fall writhing and strug- gling on the ground, and even remain for a time in complete insensi- bility to external objects. The howling dervishes of Turkey, the pagan priests of the South Sea Islands, and the religious enthusiasts who have sometimes appeared in the Christian world, are all exam- ples of this fact, and may be compared with the Indian powwows of Connecticut." PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 35 LITERATURE. The North American Indians had no written language. They were in the habit of transmitting important events in a hieroglyphical de- scription, either on the well tanned skins of wild animals or the outer membrane of the white birch. These were done Avith a soft stick, chewed into a broom atone end, and dipped in the brilliant colors they were able to extract from the various earths and vegetables at hand. These were nothing more than rude pictures of men and animals, with such implements as were used in the scene attempted to be described. Their language was copious, however, and susceptible of being uttered with extreme force. There has been considerable dispute as to whether the same language prevailed all over our country among the widely spread aboriginal tribes ; but it is now pretty unanimously con- ceded that it is one and the same, with no greater variance than may be readily accounted for by the remoteness of the tribes and other natural causes. Gookin, whose early advantages for obtaining the necessary knowledge to constitute him a judge in the matter, tells us that the dialects of the New England tribes, and the Mohawks, the then remotest western tribe known, were not more unlike than those of the remote shires of England. There were, undoubtedly, many words peculiar to each tribe, or region of country, but the structure of the languages was an unit ; and we are filled with astonishment that the unity of concreteness should have been so perfectly preserved, where there were no written characters to express their sounds. The vocabulary of Indian words was very full — there being often many words to express the same meaning; and although he expressed himself with extreme sententiousness, there was no lack of words and no paucity of ideas. Some of the speeches of their great men are remarkable for their close reasoning, clear conception of the subject in hand, and eloquent application to the occasion. Some of the speeches of Red Jacket, Tecumseh, Uncas and others, will compare favorably in these respects with those of the most masterly minds in past or modern times. And since this language has been subjected to written forms, it is found to be quite elegant in its construction, and as easily subjected to the l;nvs of grammar as that of any other tongue. Heckewalder says, " the regularity with which its words 36 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. were conjugated tlirougli all the variations of the negative, causative and other forms, is truly astonishing." Indeed all the early scholars of the colonies assert that the structure of the aboriginal language was such as to render it capable of being reduced to great precision of expression, and so copious as to meet whatever demand should be made upon it. It was suited alike to poetry, declamaiion, argument, scorn or ridicule, however unmusical in its intonation to ears not accustomed to its sharp and guttural tones. Like all otber languages, it had its peculiarities ; one of whi(?h was the blending of a sentence into a single word, thus rendering the phrase into a stenograpliic word, taking less time both in speaking and wri- ting it. Thus, according to the author just quoted, a little pappoose, while playing with its dog, might utter the endearing phrase, " k wulit ivitchgat schis," thus, kuUgartsdds, which being interpreted, signifies "Thy pretty little paw." Here are four distinct and perfect words kneaded into one, perfectly expressive, and conveying all the meaning of the entire sentence. This will account for the enormous length of some Indian words, and shows that it must require great pa- tience in the investigation of, and long acquaintance with, its peculiar construction, to obtain a complete mastery over it. It is to be regretted that a thorough study of the great North Amer- ican tongue has never been accomplished. The early settlers were both too much occupied to give it the necessary time, and too deeply tinctured with the prevailing prejudices against the race, to have done the subject anything like justice, while the inducements offered to subsequent students in this branch of literature, were far too small to induce that thorough, expressive and practical examination so neces- sary to its perfect reconstruction. Like a vapor which covers the bo- som of the earth, the race is fast passing away. Wherever civilization plants her foot, the track of the red man disappears. The smoke of his wigwam curls no longer among the to])s of the stately forests, the whiz of his swiftly speeding arrow is heard no longer through their thick branches, even the fierce war-whoop no more disturbs the stilj echoes of many a widely extending State, where but yesterday they were the lordly and sole occupants. To-morrow the besom will have passed over the remainder of their once proud domain, and the North American Indian will exist only in history, song and tradition. A feeling of sadness creeps over our spirits as we see these races melting PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 31 away before our encroacbing tread, like snow before tbe growing sum- mer; but we are reconciled when we reflect that the almost infinite resources of this immense continent, destined, if we are true to our- selves, to become the seat of universal empire, would have lain forever dormant in the womb of time, and utter barbarism would have reigned where industry, intelligence, civilization and Christianity are now working out the world's great problem, and the perfect elevation of the human race. I shall close this section with two specimens of the Indian tongue, the first being a JVarraghansett rendering of the Lord's Prayer, and taken from Eliot's bible. It is as follows : " Co shunongone ilie suck cuck abot. Na naw ui e coom shaio ims nuskspe coue so lounk. Kuck sudamong peamook. Ecook Alooioomo- nion ukkee tawti ee ook ungoiu. A geescuck mee se nam eyew kee suck askesuck mysput eo honegan. A quon to mi nun namat to amp 2^0, won ganuksh no. Awe ah goon to mi nad macha. Chook qiioe a guck, ah greead macon jussuon mattum paw oon ganuck puk kqueaiv hus naivn woochet. Matchetook kee kucks sudamong, cumme eke go wonk, ah koont seek coom sako oh woonk, Mackeeme, mackeme EeatsP The second is also a rendering of the Lord's Prayer in the Mohegan language, and for which we are indebted to Governor Saltonstall, who obtained it in the year 1721. A literal translation of this prayer fol- lows : ^^ JVaoshun kesukqut qiUtianatamunach kcDwesuonk. Peyaumzoutch kukketaffo:>tamoonk^ kuttenantamoonk ne n nachohkeit neane kesukqut. Nammeetsiiongash asekesukokish assamainnean yeuyeu kesukok. Kah ahquoantamaiinnean nummatcheseongash, neane matchenenukqueagig nutaquontamounnonog . Ahquc sagkompagunnaiinncan en gutchhuaou- ganit, webe pohquokwussinnean wutch matchitut, JVeivutche kutah- taunn ketass ccta^noonk, kah mcnuhkesuonk, kah sohsumoonk mickeme. Ameny " Father ours above in Heaven. Admired in highest manner be thy name. Like done thy will on earth as like in Heaven. Let us be forgiven evil doings of ours, as we would forgive wrong doers to us. Not guide us into snares, but help us to escape from evil. Thine thy powerful kingdom, thine the strength, thine the greatest glory. Al- ways, always me wish so.'' 38 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. TRADITION. Altliougli -without a written language, the traditions of the Indians were many and ricli, serving to illustrate their history far into the un- certain past. Whether the Indian race descended from some of the wandering tribes of the Jews, or not — and I will not exhaust the pa- tience as well as the time of the reader, in following the order of many who have gone before me, in adding to the mist and darkness resting on this mooted Cjuestion, but leave it in its inscrutable intangibility — certain it is, that their ideas of the creation of the race are so remark- ablv similar as to induce the belief that there must have been a com- mon origin for the Ilebrew and Indian tribes of this country. The Hebrew faith teaches us that God formed the first pair out of the dust of the earth ; the Indian that the Great Spirit made the first couple out of stone, and that not pleased with the work of his hand, he broke them in pieces and made another pair out of some kind of wood, and that from this wooden pair came the whole race. This, indeed, is the great idea of the creation of the race, entertained by all the nations of the earth ; the most natural, certainly, and one most likely to sug- gest itself to the mind of barbarism. But there are a great many local traditions among the Indians, and the localities of the events described in them have been carefully pre- served and handed down from generation to generation. Some of these are extremely interesting and full of instruction. I had intend- ed giving some of these in the present volume, but shall be obliged to defer it until the next issue of the work. CIIUISTIANITY AMONG THE INDIANS. The efforts of the early settlers of our country to Christianize the Indians, must be said to have proved a complete failure. A few scatter- ing individuals were converted to the true faith, but the result, in com- parison with the efforts made, is scarcely worthy to be mentioned. This result has excited great surprise among theologians and historians, and these writers have gone far and wide to find a reason for it. It lias very generally been attributed to the natural repugnance of the In- dian heart, and some unaccountable derangement of their intellectual PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CON>!ECTICUT, 39 organization, which would not allow them to comprehend tlie simple doctrines of the gospel. The theologians have thus found an argu- ment for those very dogmas which were so repulsive to the simplicity of the savage mind, viz : the doctrine of total depravity and election, as understood by the divines of that period. The real cause of the want of success in the attempt to christianize the Indians, it seems to me is very patent. It is two-fold. First, the demoralizing effect of the introduction of liquor among them, and the example of a set of men dissolute and unprincipled in their lives; and second, the direct presentation to their minds of those peculiar doctrines of the Church, as they are called, about which the whole Church were then at logger- heads, and had been distracted and divided ever since the Reformation represented by the two great champions, Luther and Calvin. The poor Indian, in his best estate, could never have comprehended these dogmas, but when besotted by bad rum, and debauched by vile and unprincipled men, who had no other idea but to push their personal fortunes at any cost or hazard, he was not only struck with the absurdity of the pretensions of men who had so little of corresponding virtue in their daily life, but disgusted that so extraordinary a demand should be made upon them. The Indian character, it seems to me, was ad- mirably adapted to the reception of our benign religion. xMl its an- tecedents favored its introduction among these excitable tribes. They had, naturally, a religious cast of temperament, and their views of the character and attributes of the Deity were not more debased or cruel than some phases of the Hebraistic faith. Had a company of simple- minded, whole-souled missionaries, imbued with the sole purpose of saving these debased tribes from error and spiritual death , actuated by no sordid purposes of acquisition, and setting before them constantly the all-powerful example of a life of love and purity, — had such a band of Christian teachers early landed on these shores, and devoted them- selves to the duty of expounding the grand but simple doctrines of the Cross of Christ, it strikes me that they would have found that the seed they had so abundantly scattered had sprung up and borne fruit unto everlasting life, some ten, some an hundred fold. But notwithstanding the almost universal rejection of Christianity by the aboriginal races, there were striking exceptions. There were many who embraced the Christian faith, and lived to give good evidence that its spirit had fidly taken possession of their hearts, and who died 40 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. under its support, rejoicing in the blessed hopes it inspires. A few there were Avho became men of mark, and who themselves became the teachers of their brethren. We give in our Biographical Department some account of one of these, Samson Occum, -who became quite em- inent as a minister of the gospel. He established a Church among his Mohegan brethren, which continues, I believe, to the present day. As late as ISS^ tliere was quite a body of believers belonging to this Church, and through the generosity of a few friends to the cause, a neat little Chapel was erected 1^ and consecrated to the use of the Indians and their friends, :^ , of which the accompanying cut is a correct representation. ^ But this remnant of the once g powerful tribe of tlie Mohe- gans, is fast dwindling away, and in a few years there will not be left one full-blooded In- dian to testify to the existence of his race. The Mohegan blood runs in the veins of many families, however, by in- termarriage, and many gene- rations must pass away before it shall become utterly extinct. Mz ANECDOTES OF INDIANS. We shall bring this chapter of our history to a close, by giving a few illustrations of Indian character. These we have gathered princi- pally from Drake, De Forest, and others who have written the Red- man's history : FORTUNES OF A YOUNG MOHEGAN WARRIOR. " Among the prisoners of the Mohegans was an active young war- rior, who had distinguished himself by his courage, and whom they demanded permission to put to death by torture. The English con- sented ; "partly," says Hubbard, " lerst their denial should disoblige PICTORIAL HlSTOItY OF CONNECTICUT. 41 their Indian fiiends of whom they had hitely made so much use ; partly that they might have ocuhir demonstration of the savage, barbarous cruelty of the heatlien." The young captive, unappalled by the dreadful fate which awaited him, stood up after the fashion of Indian warriors, and boasted his exploits. " I have shot nineteen English with my gun. I loaded it for a twentieth. I could not meet another, and let it fly at a Mohegan. I killed him and completed my number. Now I am fully satisfied." TheMohegan's formed a circle, and placed the victim in the center where all could gaze upon his tortures. They deliberately cut round one of Ills fingers at the joint, where it united with the hand, and then broke it ofi". They cut, in a similar manner, another and another, until only the stump of the hand was left. The blood flowed in streams sometimes spirting out a yard from the wounds. Some of the Eng- lish wept at the horrid sight, but no one interfered. The victim shrunk not from the knife, and showed no signs of anguish. " How do you like the war?" tauntingly asked his tormentors. " I like it well," he said ; " I find it as sweet as Englishmen do their sugar. " Thev cut oft' his toes as they had done his fingers, and then made him dance round the circle till he was weary. At last they broke the bones of his legs. He sank upon the ground, and sat in silence until they dashed out his brains. " A PEQUOT ACHILLES. " One of the most famous of the native adherents of the English was a Pequot, partly of Narragansett blood, called Major Symon. This man's physical strength and recklessness of danger were said to be truly astonishing. Fighting seemed to be his recreation. During the war he was seldom at home more than four or five days together, being enga'ged the rest of the time in warlike expeditions. It was reported that he had with his own hand killed or taken above threescore of the enemy. Once he came alone upon a band of hostile Indians as they lay at ease under a steep bank. He leaped down among them, killed some, put the rest to flight, and carried away prisoners. On another of his expeditions he fell asleep, and while sleejjing, dreamed that In- dians were coming upon him. He awoke Aviththe dream, and getting up, discovered some of the hostile warriors approaching his resting- place. He presented his gun and they stopped : he then turned and 42 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. made his escape, althoiigli he was very weary and his pursuers were numerous. Towards the close of the war, he was traveling with two other Indians and Thomas Stanton, to Seaconet. On their inarch they learned that some of the enemy were near by, upon which the three Indians left Stanton and went in search of them. They found the camp, but the warriors of the company were gone, and had left behind them only a few young men, women and cliildren. These surrendered to Major Symon and his companions, who led them away at a rapid pace. One old man was unable to keep up with the party, and was allowed to lag behind on his promising that he would follow. In the meantime the warriors had returned to camp ; and, having taken up the trail, soon overtook the old man, and learned from him what had happened. They speedily came up with the three adventurous war- riors, killed one of them, and liberated ihe captives. M'ajor Symon and his remaining companion stood at bay, and the former offered to fight any five of the assailants if they would lay aside their guns, and use only their hatchets. They feared his strength and dexterity too much to accept the challenge, and advanced on him in a body. He fired upon them, and, rushing furiously forward, broke through their line and escaped, followed by his companion. After hostilities were over in Massachusetts, this Pequot Achilles joined an expedition against the Indians of Maine and New Hampshire, where for nearly two years more the flame of war continued to smoulder on. No par- ticulars of his achievements there, however, are known, nor whether he fell with the hatchet in his hand, or returned home to die in the midst of despised and detested peace." ORIGIN OF sachem's HEAD. A traditionary story of Uncas pursuing, overtaking and executing a Pequot sachem, as given in the Historical Collections, may not be unqualifiedly true. It was after Mystic fight, and is as follows : Most of the English forces pursued the fugitives by water, westward, while some followed by land with Uncas and his Indians. At a point of land in Guilford, they came upon a great Pequot sachem, and a few of his men. Knowing they were pursued, they had gone into an adjacent peninsula, " hoping their pursuers would have passed by them. But Uncasknaw Indian's craft, and ordered some of his men to search that PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 43 point. The Pequots perceiving that they were pursued, swam over the mouth of the harbor, which is narrow. But they were waylaid, and taken as they landed. The sachem was sentenced to be shot to death. Uncas shot him with an arrow, cut off his head, and stuck it up in the crotch of a large oak-tree near the harbor, where the skull remained for a great many years." This was the origin of Sachem's Head, by which name the harbor of Guilford is well known to coasters. Dr. Mather records the expedition of the English, but makes no mention of Uncas. He says, they set out from Saybrook fort, and "sailed westward in pursuit of the Pequots, who were fled that way. Sailing along to the westward of Mononowuttuck, the wind not an- swering their desires, they cast anchor." " Some scattering Pequots were then taken and slain, as also the Pequot sachem, before expressed, had his head cut oft^ whence that place did bear the name of Sachem's Head," anecdote of oweneco. " Oweneco died in 1715, aged, it is probable, about seventy or sev- enty-five years. The brave warrior who, in his youth and early man- hood, fought gallantly against the Pocomtocks, the Pokanokets and Narragansetts, became in his old age a mere vagabond. With his blanket, his gun, his squaw, and a pack on his back, lie used often to wander about the settlements adjacent to Mohegan. At his old friends and acquaintances lie was generally made welcome, and established himself, during his stay, in the kitchen, or some of the out-houses. To strangers, who were unable to understand his imperfect English, he sometimes presented a doggerel petition which had been written for him by a settler named Bushnell. " Oneco, kinfr, his queen doth bring. To beg a little food ; As they go along his friends among To try how kind, how good. " Some pork, some beef, for their relief, And if you can't spare bread, She'll thank you for pudding, as they go a gooding, And carry it on her head." The last line refers to an Indian mode of carrying burdens, by a 44 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. metomp, or bag, hanging down t'le back, and supported by a sti'ap passing over the forehead." INDIAN MONEY, WAMPUM BELTS, ETC. "\Ve get .the following quaint description of the Indian currency from Drake. It is taken originally from " Lawson's account of the Carolinas." It is as fuUovvs : " Their money," he says, " is of different sorts, but all made of shells, which are found on the coast of Carolina, being very large and hard, and difficult to cut. Some English smiths have tried to drill this sort of shell money, and thereby thought to get an advantage, but it proved so hard that nothing could be gained ;" and Morton^ in his New Eng- lish Canaan, says that, although some of the English in New England have tried "by example to make the like, yet none hath ever attained to any perfection in the composure of them, so but that the salvages have found a great difference to be in the one and the other ; and have known the counterfeit beads from those of their own making; and have, and doe slight them." Hence the conclusion of Jossclt/n, before extracted, namely, that "neither Jew nor devil could counter- feit the money of the Indians." Mr. Lawson continues: "The In- dians often make, of the same kind of shells as those of which their money is made, a sort of gorget, which they wear about their necks in a string ; so it hangs on their collar, whereon sometimes is engraven a cross, or some odd sort of figure which comes next in their fancy. There are other sorts valued at a doeskin, yet the gorgets will some- times sell for three or four buckskins ready dressed. There be others, that eight of them go readily for a doeskin ; but the general and cur- rent species of all the Indians in Carolina, and I believe, all over the continent, as ftir as the bay of Mexico, is that which we call Peak^ and Eonoak, but Peak more especially. This is that which at New York they call Wamjmin, and have used it as current money amongst the inhabitants for a great many years. Five cubits of this purchase a dressed doeskin, and seven or eight buy a dressed buckskin. To make this Peak it cost the English five or ten times as much as they could get for it, whereas it cost the Indians nothing, because they set no value upon their time, and therefore have no competition to fear, or that others will take its manufacture out of their hands. It is made nCrORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 45 by grinding the pieces of shell upon stone, and is smaller than the small end of a tobacco-pipe, or large wheat straw. Four or five of these make an inch, and every one is to be drilled through and made as smooth as glass, and so strung, as beads are. A cubit, of the In- dian measure contains as much in length as will reach from the elbow to the end of the little finger. They never stand to question whether it be a tall man or a short one that measures it. If this warapum- peak be black or purple, as some part of that shell is, then it is twice the value. The drilling is the most diflicult and tedious part of the manufacture. It is done by sticking a nail in a cane or reed, which they roll upon their thighs with their right hand, while with their left they apply the bit of shell to the iron point. But especially in making their ronoak, four of which will scarce make one length of wampum. Such is the money of the Indians, with which you may buy all they have. It is their mammon, (as our money is to us,) that entices and persuades them to do anything, part with their captives or slaves, and, sometimes, even their wives' and daughters' chastity. With it they buy off murderers ; and whatever a man can do that is ill, this wam- pum will quit him of, and make him, in their opinion, good and vir- tuous, though never so black before." A REMARKABLE INDIAN BELT. "In 1V20 a circumstance occurred in Connecticut, which caused some little alarm among the settlers of the western part of the colony. It was discovered that a belt of wampum had been brought from some Indian place at the south called Tovvattowau, and, after arriving at Ammowaugs on the Hudson Eiver, had reached an Indian living at Horseneck in the town of Greenwich. From him it had been carried to Chickens or Sam Mohawk, in Reading; from thence to Potatuck or Newtown, and from there to Wyantenock or New Milford, where it stopped. The Assembly caused some inquiries to be made into the mystery, and an Indian named Tapauranawko testified that the belt was in token that, at each place where it was accepted, captive Indians would be received and sold. He said that it would be sent back to Ammowaugs, and from there to Towattowau, which was a great ways to the south, and was inhabited by a large tribe of Indians. The As- sembly resolved that no further notice should be taken of the belt; 46 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. that tiie Indians should be directed to send it back whence it came ; and should be charged not to receive such presents in future without giving notice to the magistrates." ANOTHER BELT, AND CURIOUS INCIDENT. The redoubtable Capt. Church, after he had killed Philip, was for- tunate enough to take prisoner Annaivon, one of Philip's most saga- cious chiefs, and successor to liim in command of the Wampanoags. They had encamped for the night. "When supper was over, Cap- tain Church set his men to watch, telling them that if they would let him sleep two hours, they should sleep all the rest of the night, he not having slept any for 36 hours before ; but after laying a half hour, and feeling no disposition to sleep, from the momentous cares upon his mind, — for, as Dr. Young says in the Revenge, "The dead alone, in such a niglit, can rest," — he looked to see if his watch were at their posts, but they were all fast asleep. Annawon felt no more like sleeping than Church, and they lay for some time looking one upon the other. Church spoke not to Annawon, because he could not speak Indian, and thought Annaiuon could not speak English, but it now appeared that he could, from a conversation they held together. Church had laid down with Annawon to prevent his escape, of which, however, he did not seem much afraid, for after they had laid a considerable time Annawon got up and walked away out of sight, which Church considered was on a common occasion ; but being gone some time, * he began to suspect some ill design.' He therefore gathered all the guns close to himself, and lay as close as he possibly could under young Annawon''s side, that if a shot should be made at him, it must endanger the life of young Annawon also. After lying a while in great suspense, he saw, by the liwht of the moon, Annaioon coming with something in his hands. When he had got to Captain Church, he knelt down before him, and, after presenting him what he had brought, spoke in English as fol- Iq^ys ; — ' Qreat captain, you have killed Philip, and conquered his country. For I believe that I and my company are the last that war against the English, so suppose the war is ended by your means, and therefore these things belong unto you.'' lie then took out of his pack PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 47 a beautifully wrought belt, which belonged to PkiUp. It was nine inches in breadth, and of such length, as when put about the shoul- ders of Captain Church, it reached to his ankles. This was considered, at that time, of great value, being embroidered all over with money, that is, wainpurajieag, of various colors, curiously wrought into figures of birds, beasts and flowers, A second belt, of no less exquisite work- manship, was next presented, which belonged also to Fhilip. This, that chief used to ornament his head with ; from the back part of which flowed two flags, which decorated his back. A third was a smaller one, with a star upon the end of it, which lie wore upon his breast. All three were edged with red hair, which, Annaioon said, was got in the country of the Mohawks. These belts, or some of them, it is believed, remain, at this day, the property of a family in Swansey. lie next took from his pack two horns of glazed powder, and a red cloth blanket. These, it ajtpears, were all that remained of the effects of the great chief. lie told Captain Church that those were Phil'qy's royalties, which he was wont to adorn himself with, when he sat in state, and he thought himself happy in having an op- portunity to present them to hin)." ETIQUETTE. A story of the marriage of a daughter oi Passaconaway, in 1662, is thus related : — " Winnejmrlcet, commonly called George, sachem of Saugus, made known to the chief of Pennakook, that lie desired to marry his daughter, which, being agreeable to all parties, was soon consummated, at the residence of Passaconaiuay, and the hiliarity was closed with a great feast. According to the usages of the chiefs, Passaconaway ordered a select number of his men to accompany the new-married couple to the dwelling of the husband. When they had arrived there, several days of feasting followed, for the entertainment of his friends, who could not be present at the consummation at the bride's father's, as well as for the escort ; who, when this was ended, returned to Pennakook. Some time after, the wife of Wmnepurkei, expressing a desire to visit her father's house and friends, was permitted to go, and a choice company conducted her. When she wished to return to her husband, her father, instead of conveying her as before, sent to the young 48 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. saclietn to come and take lier away. He took this in high dudgeon, and sent his father-iiidaw this answer : — " When she departed from me, I caused ray men to escort her to your dwelUng, as became a chief. Slie now having an intention to return to me, I did expect the same." The ehler sachem was now in his turn angry, and returned an answer which only increased the ditference; and it is believed that thus terminated the connection of the new husband and wife." INDIAN LITERATURE. The following are letters from an Indian sagamore to the governor of New Hampshire : — "May 15th, 1GS5. Honor governor my friend. You my friend I desire your worship and your power, because I hope you can do som great matters this one. I am poor and naked, and have no men at my place because I afraid allways Mohogs he will kill me every day and night. If your worship when please pray help me you no let Mohogs kill me at my place at j\Ialamake River called Panukkog and Natukkoo-, I will submit your worship and your power. And now I want ponder and such alminishon, shatt and guns, because I have forth at my hom, and I plant theare. "This all Indian hand, but pray you do consider your humble ser- vant, John Hog kins." " Honor Mr. Governor, — Now this day I com your house, I vant se you, and I bring my hand at before you I want shake hand to you if your worship when please, then receive my hand then shake your hand and my hand. You my friend because I remember at old time when live my grant father and grant mother then Englishmen com this country, then my grant father and Englishmen they make a good government, they friend allwayes, my grant father living at place called Malamakerever, other name chef Natukko and Panukkog, that one rever great many names and I bring you this few skins at this first time I will giue my friend. "This all Indian hand." " Please your worship, — I will intreat you matther you my friend now [ ] this if my Indian he do you long pray you no put your law, because som my Indians fool, som men much love drunk PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 49 then he no know what lie do, may be he do mischief when he drunk if so pray you must let me know what he done because I will ponis him about what he haue done, you, you my friend if you desire my business, then sent me I will help you if I can. John Hogkins." "Mr. Mason, — Pray I want speak you a few words if your worship when please because I com parfas I will speake this governor but he go away so he say at last night, and so far I understand this governor his power that your power now, so he speak his own mouth. Pray if you take what I want pray com to me because I want go horn at this day. Your humble servant, "May 16, 1GS5. John JIoDKitis, Indian sag mory INDIAN METAPHORS. At a grand council of peace held between Gov. Dudley and the Penobscot Indians, Captain Simmo, an influential chief, thus replies to the Governor's address : — " We thank you, good brother, for coming so far to talk tvith us. It is (I great favor. The clouds fg and darken — but we still sing with love the songs of 2Jccice- Believe my words. — So far as the sun is ABOVE THE EARTH ARE OUR THOUGHTS FROM WAR, OR THE LEAST RUP- TURE BETWEEN US." " Although several missionaries have come among us, sent by the French friars to break the peace between the English and us, yet their ivords have made no impression upon us. We are as firm as the MOUNTAINS, AND WILL SO CONTINUE, AS LONG AS THE SUN AND MOON ENDURES." V LOVE well's fight. The following account of this " bloodie tragedie " is taken from the New Hampshire Historical Collections, without credit : — " It is said that Paugus was well known to many of the English, and personally to many of LoveweWs men. That his name was a ter- ror to the frontiers, we have no doubt ; and that his appearance at Pequawket, when met by Lovetoell, was enough to have struck terror into all that beheld him, may not be questioned, we will let the poet describe him. 4 50 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF COXNECTICUT. 1. 'Twas Paugus led the Pequ'k't tribe : As runs the fox, would Paugus ruu ; As howls the wild wolf, would he liowl ; A huge bear-skin had Paxigus on. 2. But Chamberlain, of Dunstable, One whom a savage ne'er shall sley, Met Paugus by the water-side, And shot hina dead upon that day. "The second in command among llie Indians on that memorable day was named Waiiwa, but of him we have no particulars. Cap- tain Lovetvell marched out from Dunstable with 46 men, about the 16 April, 1*725, of which event the poet thus speaks: — 3. What time the noble Lovewell came, With fifty men from Dunstable, The cruel Pequ'k't tribe to tame, With arms and bloodshed terrible. 4. With Lovewell brave Joh7i Harwood came ; From wife and babes 'twas hard to part ; Young Harwood took her by the hand, And bound the weeper to his heart. 5. "Repress that tear, mj- Mary, dear, Said Harwood to his loving wife ; It tries me hard to leave thee here. And seek in distant woods the strife. 6. '• When gone, my Marj', tliink of me. And pray to God that I may be Such as one ought that lives for thee, And come at last in victory." 7. Thus left 3'oung Harwood, babe and wife ; With accent wild she bade adieu : It grieved those lovers much to part. So fond and fair, so kind and true. 8. John Harivood died all bathed in blood, When he had fought till set of day ; And many more we may not name. Fell in that bloody battle fray. 9. When news did come to Harwood's wife, That he with Lovewell fought and died; Far in the wilds had given his life Nor more would in this home abide ; PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. 51 10. Such grief did seize upon her mind, Such sorrow filled her faithful breast, On earth she ne'er found peace again, But followed Harwood to his rest. "They arrived near tl>e place where they expected to find Indians, on the 7 May ; and, early the next niorning, while at prayers, heard a gun, which they rightly expected to be fired by some of Paugus's men, and immediately prepared for an encounter. Divesting themselves of their packs, they marched forward to discover the enemy. But not knowing in what direction to proceed, they marched in an opposite di- rection from the Indians. This gave Paugus great advantage ; who, following their tracks, soon fell in with their packs, from which he learned their strength. Being encouraged by his superior numbers) Paugus courted the conflict, and pursued the English with ardor. His number of men was said to have been 80, while that of the English consisted of no more than 34, having left ten in a fort, which they built at Ossipee ; and one, an Indian named Toby, had before returned home, on account of lameness. The fort at Ossipee was for a retreat in case of emergency, and to serve as a deposit of part of their pro- visions, of which they disencumbered themselves before leaving it. " After marching a considerable distance from the place of their en- campment on the morning of the 8 Way, Ensign Wyman discovered an Indian who was out hunting, having in one hand some fowls he had just killed, and in the other, two guns. There can be no probability that he thought of meeting an enemy, but no sooner was he discovered by the English, than several guns were fired at him, but missed him. Seeing that sure death was his lot, this valiant Indian resolved to defend him- self to his last breath ; and the action was as speedy as the thought : his gun was leveled at the English, and Lovewell was mortally wound- ed. Ensign Wyman, taking deliberate aim, killed the poor hunter ; whi(;h action our poet describes in glowing terms as follows: — 11. Seth Wyman, who in Woburn lived, A marksman he of courage true, Shot the first Indian whom the}' saw ; Sheer through his heart the bullet flew. 12. The savage had been seeking game ; Two guns, and eke a knife, he bore. And two black ducks were in his hand; He shrieked, and fell to i ise no more. 52 PICTORIAL HISTORY OF CONNECTICUT. " He was scalped by the chaplain and another, and then they raarclied again by the way they came, to recover their packs. This movement was expected by the wily Paur/us, and he accordingly pre- pared an ambush to cut them off, or to take them prisoners, as for- tune should will. 13. Anon, there eighty Indians rose, Who'd hid themselves in ambush dread ; Their knives they shook, their guns they aimed, Tlie famous Paugus at their head. 14. John Lovewell, captain of the band, Ills sword he waved, that glittered bright. For the last time he cheered his men, And led them onward to the fight. "When the Indians rose from their coverts, they nearly encircled the Eno-lish, but seemed loath to begin the fight ; and were, no doubt, in hopes that the English, seeing their numbers, would yield without a battle ; and, therefore, made towards them with their guns presented, and threw away their first fire. They then held up ropes which they had provided for securing captives, and asked them if they would have quarter. This only encouraged the English, who answered " only at the muzzles of their guns ;" and they rushed toward the Indians, fired as they pressed on, and, killing many, drove them several rods. But they soon rallied and fired vigorously in their turn, and obliged the English to retreat, leaving nine dead and three wounded, where the battle began. Lovewell, though mortally wounded before, had led his men until this time, but fell before the retreat. " Althouo-h we transpose the verses in the song, to accommodate them to the circumstances of the fight, yet we cannot avoid entirely their irre/;), C 25. Eli S. Iyes, Wallingford, Attorney. 28. Hezekiah Hall, Wallingford, Farmer. 27. John Buckingham, Waterbuiy, Manufacturer. 28. W.M. Lamb, Waterbury, Manufacturer. 29. Geo. W. Winchell, Wolcott, Paper Maker. 30. LE^VIS Russell, Woodbridge, Farmer. NEW LONDON COUNTY. 1. Wm. p. BeJiJamin, New London, Merchant. 2. Hiram Willey, New London, Attorney. 3. Stephen W. Meech, Norwich, Merchant. 4. Samuel H. Gkosvenor, Norwich, Merchant. 5. Aaron Cook, Bozrah, Farmer. 6. Amasa 0. Standish. Colchester, Mechanic. 7, Gardner Wick\\'ire, Colchester, Farmer. 8. A. F. Perkins, East Lyme, Physician. 9. D. Hastings, Franklin, Farmer. 10. Benajah M. Gay, Griswold, Physician. 11. B. N. Green, Groton, Stone Cutter. 12. Nathan G. Fish, Groton, Ship Builder. 13. Jabez McCall, Lebanon, Farmer. 14. Wm. A. Fuller, Lebanon, Farmer. 15. Nehemiah M. Gallup, Jr., Ledyard, Farmer. 16. Norman Smith, Lisbon, Farmer. 17. Chas. H. Wood, Lyme, Lawyer. 18. Frederick Fosdick, Lyme, Farmer. 19. Thos. B. Williams, Montville, Mechanic. 20. Cyrus W. Brown, Jr., N. Stonington, Farmer. 21 Chester S. Prentice, N. Stonington, Farmer. 22 Dixon S. Hall, Preston, Physician. 23 John S. Lester, Preston, Merchant. 24. Israel Matson, South Lyme, Farmer. 25 Alex. S. Palmer, Stonington, Mariner. 26. Joseph Wheeler, Stonington, Farmer. GOVERNMENT. 71 No. Names. Residejice. Occupation. 27. II. P. Whittlesey, Salem, Piano Maker. 28. GuRDON T. Chappell, WaterforJ, FAIRFIELD COUNTY. Farmer. 1. 0. n. Perry, Fairfield, Farmer. • 2. Sherwood Sterling, Fairfield, Merchant. 3. PhILO 0. CALHOUN, Bridgeport, Manufacturer. 4. Hiram Higby, Brookfield, Hatter. 5 "Wm. a. Judd, Bethel, Cashier. 6. JTathan Roberts, Darien, Farmer. 7. Giles M. Hoyt, Danbury, Hat Manuf 'r. 8. William B. Hoyt, Danbury, Farmer. 9. David S. Edwards, Easton, Merchant. 10. Joseph E. Russell, Greenwich, Carriage Maker. , 11. G.J. Smith, Greenwich, Lumber Dealer. 12. David Lewis, Huntington, Farmer. 13. David Wells, Monroe, Farmer. 14. Noah W. Hoyt, New Canaan, Tailor. 15. T. D. Rogers, New Fairfield, Lawyer. 16. Abel T. Peck, Newtown, Farmer. 17. Hiram Camp, Newtown, Farmer. 18. JosiAH M. Carter, Norwalk, Lawyer. 19. Wm. T. Craw, Norwalk, Builder. 20. John 0. St. John, Redding, Builder. 21. David B. Sanford, Redding, Merchant. 22. Hiram 0. Nash, Ridgefield, Tanner. 23. Benj. K. Northrop, Ridgefield, Teacher. 24. Wm. Welles Holly, Stanaford. 25. George Lounsbury, Stamford, Farmer. 26. Morris Barnes, Sherman, Farmer. 27. Wm. M. Perry, Stratford, Manufacturer. 28. L. W. Clark, Trumbull, Manufacturer. 29. Edgar Scribner, Weston, Blacksmith. 30. W. J. Finch, Westport, Manufacturer. 31. Wm. D. Gregory, Wilton, WINDHAH COUNTY. Farmer. 1. Ed. L. Cdndall, Brooklyn, Law Student. 2. Lucius B. Richards, Ash ford. Farmer. 3. Stephen Whiton, Ashford, Farmer. 4. Merritt B. Williams , Canterbury, Farmer. 5. Marvin H. Sanger, Canterbury, Merchant. 6. Porter B. Peck, Chaplin, Farmer. 72 GOVERNMENT. No Names. Residence. Occupation. 1. Alfred H. Potter, Eastfoid, Blacksmith. 8. Roger S. Williams, Hampton, Blacksmith. 9. E. H. BUGBEE, Killingly, Manufacturer. 10. Silas Hyde, Killingly, Merchant. 11. Chas". Burton, Pomfret, Farmer. 12. Geo. Randall, Jr., Pom fret, Farmer. 13. Job H. Cutler, Plainfield, Farmer. 14. Sam'l D. Millett, Plainfield, Farmer. 15. Richmond M. Bullock , Putnam, Farmer. 16. Johnson D. Love, Sterling, Farmer. 11. Jas. Johnson, Thompson, Farmer. 18. Jonathan Porter, Thompson, Farmer. 19. Christ'r Colegrove, Voluntown, Farmer. ao. C. B. Bromley, Windham, Physician. 21. A. W. JiLSON, Windham, Ins. Agent. 22. Wm. Lyon, 4th, Woodstock, Farmei". 23. Chas. D. Smith, Woodstock, LITCHFIELD COUNTY. Farmer. 1. J. G. Beckwith, Litchfield, Physician. 2. Edward Pierpont, Litchfield, Farmer. 3. B. W. Johnson, Barkhamsted, Farmer. 4. Horace Case, Barkhamsted, Farmer. 5. L. L. IIOTCHKISS, Bethlem, Blacksmith. 6. Hiram Keeler, Bridgewater, Farmer. 7. E. S. Haskin, Canaan, Farmer. 8. M. T. Granger, Canaan, Attorney. 9. Reuben Rock^^'ell, Colebrook, Farmer. 10. Joseph H. Bass, Colebrook, Mechanic. 11. Ralph C. Harrison, Cornwall, Instructor. 12. John W. Beers, Cornwall, Merchant. 13. Samuel Palmer, Goshen, Farmer. 14. J. P. Porter, Goshen, Farmer. 15. Addison Webster, Harwinton, Farmer. 16. Horace Wilson, ITarwinton, Farmer. 11. Edmund H. Mills, Kent, Farmer. 18. James Trowbridge, New Hartford, Mechanic. 19. LUMAN Catlin, New Hartford, Farmer. 20. Riley Peet, New Milford, Farmer. 21. Horace Merwin, New Milford, Farmer. 22. J. K. Shepard, Norfolk, Tanner. 23. Plumb Brown, Norfolk, Farmer. 24. Wm. E. McKee, PI3' mouth. Manufacturer. GOVERNMENT. 73 No Names. Residence. Occupation. 25. Herman B. Eastman, Roxbury, Farmer. 26. Lot J^orton, Salisbury, Farmer. 27. Martin Harris, Salisbury, Merchant. 28. FrrcH Landon, Sharon, Manufacturer. 29. James A. Bierce, Sharon, Manufacturer. 30. G. P. BiSSELL, Torriiigton, Farmer. 31. Lewis A. Thrall, Torrington, Farmer. 32. E. P. MOULTHROP, Warren, Farmer. 33. A. B. Everitt, Watertown, Mechanic. 34. Geo. W. Cogswell, AVashington, Marble Man'r. 35. Powell Hickox, Washington, Farmer. 36. Thomas M. Clarke, Winchester, Editor. 37; Wm. B. Bronson, Winchester, Manufacturer. 38. G. B. Lewis, Woodbury, Mechanic. j 39. E. D. JUDSON, Woodbury, MIDDLESEX COUNTY. Farmer. 1. Chas. Woodward, Middletown, Physician. 2. OSBORN COE, Middletown, Farmer. 3. Hezekiaii ycoviL, Had dam. Manufacturer. 4. David Church, Haddain, Mechanic. 5. John Carrier, Chatham, Merchant. 6. Henry M. Dunham, Chatham, Farmer. 7. Hiram H. Clark, Chester, Mechanic. 8. DoTA L. Wright, Clinton, Mariner. 9. Sam'l J. Baisden, Cromwell, Mechanic. 10. Sam'l G. Tibbals, Durham, Farmer. 11. D. C. Camp. Durham, Joiner. 12. R. W. Miller, East Haddara, Merchant 18. 0. H. Parker, East Haddam, Farmer. 14. Wm. H. Doan, Essex, Mariner. 15. Abner Paemelee, Killingworth, Farmer. 16. Henry D. Davis, Killingworth, Farmer. 17. Wm. J. Clark, Old Saybrook, Painter. 18. Sam'l L. Warner, Portland, Lawj'er. 19. Geo. Read, Saybrook, Manufacturer. 2u. Selden M. Pratt, Saybrook, Farmer. 21. Linus E. Chapman, Westbrook, TOLLAND COUNTY. Farmer. 1. Joseph Clark, Tolland, Manufacturer. 2. Joshua Griggs, Tolland, Farmer. 3. Benjamin Sprague, Andover, Farmer. u GOVERN! MENT. 4. 5. 9. 10. II. 12. 13. U. 15. 16. 11. 18. 19. 20. 21. Ira F. Balch, AsAiiEL 0. "Wright, J. M. Babcock, J^athan'l Root, Jr., Benj. Pinney, Jr., Augustus Rollo, AVm. Gray, Albert Barrows, Isaac D. Freeman^, OziAS Truesdale, Ansel Arnold, John Orcutt, J. R. Washburn, E. B. Foster, g. d. colburn, George Kellogg, F. L. Dickinson, BURNHAM LiLLIBRIDGK, Residence. Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, Coventry, Ellington, Hebron, Hebron, Mansfield, Mansfield, Somers, Somers, Stafford, Stafford, Union, Union, Vernon, Willington, WiUincton, Occupation. Farmer. Farmer. Farmer. Farmer. Farmer. Farmer. Manufacturer. Farmer. Farmer. Farmer. Merchant. Farmer. Machinist. Farmer. Farmer. Manufacturer. Phj'sician. Farmer. ORGANIZATION OF THE LEGISLATURE AND BRIEF ABSTRACT OF ITS PROCEEDINGS. After the usual out-door ceremonies, the Senate was called to order at 10 o'clock, Wednesday, May 6, ISoY, by the Secretary of State, and organized by the appointment of Hon. Ammi Giddings, of Plymouth, President, pro tern ; E. B. Trumbull, of Norwich, as Clerk ; Geo. E. Lovelace, of Danbury, and Asa B. Work, of Hart- ford, Messengers ; and Wm. E. Learned, of Hartford, as Door-keeper The House was called to order by John Buckingham, Esq., of Wa- terbury. Most of the members answered to their names, there being only 14 absentees out of 233 members. Eliphalet A. Bulkley, Esq., Republican, of Hartford, was elected Speaker, he receiving 221 votes, to 92 votes for Gen. James T. Pratt, Democrat, of Rocky Hill. On taking the chair the oath was administered to Judge Bulkley by Mr. Shipman, of Hartford. After which the S])eaker addressed the House. GOVERNMENT. 75 Isaac H. Bromley, of New Haven, was elected Clerk, and E. B. Sumner, of Tolland, Assistant Clerk. Westell Russell and Ansel McDonald, of Hartford, were elected Messeng-ers ; and John Wright, W^m. McGinley, and Stephen W_ Sag-e, Door-keepers. JOINT STANDING COMMITTEES. Judiciary.— ^ir. Loomis, of the Senate ; and Messrs. Carter, of Norwalk ; Willey, of New London ; Ingersoll, of New Haven ; Ship- man, of Hartford ; Granger, of Canaan ; Bugbee, of Killlngly ; Warner, of Portland ; Dickinson, of Willington. School Fund. — Mr. Stewart, of the Senate ; and Messrs. Periy, of Fairfield ; Humphrey, of Canton ; Merwin, of New Haven ; Wheeler, of Stonington ; Porter, of Goshen; Johnson, of Thompson; Parme- lee, of Killingworth ; Rollo, of Hebron. Banks. — Mr. Wadhains of the Senate ; and Messrs. Brooks, of Meriden ; Meech, of Norwich ; Calhoun, of Bridgeport ; Merriman, of East Hartford ; Kellogg, of A'ernon ; Tibbals, of Durliaiii ; Shep- ard, of Norfolk ; Colegrove, of Voluntown. State Prison. — Mr. Brown, of the Senate ; and Messrs. Fish, of Groton ; White, of Manchester; Buckingham, of Waterbury ; Clark, of Old Saybrook ; Norton, of Salisbury ; Holley, of Stamford ; Wil- liams, of Hampton ; Griggs, of Tolland. Neio Toivns and Probate Districts. — Mr. Palmei', of the Senate ; and Messrs. Cundall, of Brooklyn ; Clark, of AVinchester ; Pierpont, of Bristol ; Thompson, of East Haven ; Parker, of East Haddam ; Smith, of Lisbon; Smith, of Greenwich; Pinney, of Ellington. Roads and Bridges. — Mr. Reid, of the Senate ; and Messrs. Pratt, of Saybrook ; Belden, of West Hartford ; Stiles, of North Haven ; Peck, of Newtown; Sanger, of Canterbury; Pierce, of Sharon; Wood, of Lyme; Washburn, of Statiord. Incorjwrations other than Banks. — Mr. Carpenter, of the Senate ; and Messrs. Shipman, of Hartford ; Matson, of South Lyme ; Hickok, of Southbury ; Hoyt, of New Canaan ; Jilson, of Windham ; East- man, of Roxbury ; Doane, of Essex ; Truesdell, of Somers. Claims. — Mr. English, of the Senate; and Messrs. Woodward, of Middletown ; Rogers, of New Fairfield ; Painter, of Orange ; Lester, 7c GOVERNMENT. of Preston; Savage, of Southington ; Merwiii, of New Mi 1 ford ; Smith, of Woodstock ; Orciitt, of Statlbrd. Education. — Mr. Chapman, of the Senate ; and Messrs. Beckwith, of Litchfield ; Bulkley, of Berlin ; Ilubhard, of Derby ; Scoville, of Haddam ; Benjamin, of New London ; Bromley, of Windham ; Bar- rows, of Mansfield. Sale of Lands. — Mr. Bushnell, of the Senate ; and Messrs. Liger- soll, of New Haven ; Nash, of Eidgefield ; Webster, of Harwinton ; Lee, of New Britain ; Potter, of Eastford ; McCall, of Lebanon ; Clark, of Chester ; Foster, of Union. Finance. — Mr. Ilickok, of the Senate ; and Messrs. Sterling, of Fairfield ; Harrison, of Cornwall ; Eno, of Simsbury ; Lamb, of Wa- terbury ; Read, of Saybrook ; Palmer, of Stonington ; Wright, of Columbia; Bullock, of Putnam. Railroads. — Mr. Giddings, of the Senate; and Messrs. Grosvenor, of Norwich ; G. M. Hoyt, of Danbury ; Loomis, of Suffield ; Ilotch- kiss, of Naugatuck ; Trowbridge, of New Hartford ; Miller, of East Haddam ; Cutler, of Plainfield ; Clark, of Tolland. Military Affairs. — Mr. Allen, of the Senate ; and Messrs. Burton, of Pomfret; Rockwell, of Colebrook ; Carrier, of Chatham ; Hills, of East Hartford ; Whedon, of Madison ; Fosdick, of Lyme ; Russell, of Greenwich ; Balch, of Bolton. Ar/riculture. — Mr. Peters, of the Senate; and Messrs. Pratt, of Rocky Hill; Dudley, of Guilford ; Scribner, of Weston ; Brown, of Norfolk ; Coe, of Middletown ; Brown, of North Stonington ; Lyon, of Woodstock ; Lillibridge, of Willington. House. — On the part of the House, the following Committees Avere announced by the Speaker : — On Contested Elections. — Messrs. Willey, of New London ; IMerwin, of New Haven ; Biiscoe, of Enfield. On Engrossed Bills. — Messrs. Meech, of Norwich; Burns, of Mil- ford ; Loomis, of Windsor. On Contingent Expenses. — Messrs. Clark, of Winchester ; Hotch- kiss, of Prospect; Camp, of Durham. Wednesday, P. M., the Lieut. Governor appeared, was *sworn, and took his seat, as President of the Senate. The following gentlemen were appointed as Trustees or fellows of GOVERNMENT. 77 Yale College, viz : — Messrs. Stewart, Englisli, Uoyt, Chapman, Looinis and Allen. ABSTRACTS, TITLES, ETC., OF THE PUBLIC ACTS, PASSED BY THE LEGISLATURE DURING THE SESSION OF THE PRESENT YEAR. Chapter I. An Act in addition to "An Act for the regulation of Civil Actions." Approved June IL Chapter IL An Act in addition to "An Act for the regulation of Civil Actions." Approved June 20. Chapter III. An x\ct in addition to " An Act for the regulation of Civil Actions." Approved June 25. Chapter IV. An Act in addition to " An Act for the regulation of Civil Actions." Approved June 26. Chapter V. An Act in addition to "An Act for the regulation of Civil Actions." Approved June 26, Chapter VI. An Act in addition to and in alteration of an Act entitled " An Act for the regulation of Civil Actions." Approved June 27. Chapter VIT. An Act to confirm the doings of Assessors and Boards of Relief in certain cases. Approved June 13. Chapter VIII. An Act repealing an Act therein named. Be it enacted h>j the Senate and House of Representatives, in Gen- eral Assembly convened : Sec. 1. That an act entitled an act in relation to Bank Directors 78 GOVERNMENT. and Bank Commissioners, passed May session, 1856, approved July 1st, 1856, be and the same is hereby repealed. Skc. 2. This act shall take effect from and after the day of its passage. Approved June 20. Chapter X. An Act in relation to Savino^s Banks and Saving's Societies. Approved June 27. Chapter XL An Act in aiUlition to an Act authorizing- the establisliment of Sav- ings Banks and Building Associations. Approved June 25. Chapter XII. An Act to extend the provisions of an Act therein named. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in Gen- eral Assembti/ convened : That the provisions of section 1, of chapter V, of the public acts of 1856, (said act having been approved June 27th, 1856,) relating to the withdrawal of parties from Savings and Building Associations, be and the same are hereby extended to the first day of January, 1859. Approved June 25. Chapter XIII. An Act relating to Citizenship in this State, The principal features in this bill are : — 1. The establishment of the citizenship of all the male inhabitants of the State over 21 years of age, without reference to color. 2. Any person having been held to service as a slave in any other State or country, and not having escaped from any other State of the United States, in which lie was held to service or labor under the laws thereof, coming into this State or now being therein, shall forthwith be and become free. Approved June 25. Chapter XIV. An Act to amend the Charter of the City of Hartford. Approved June 25. GOVERNMENT. '79 Chapter XV. An Act to prevent Frauds in tlie City Elections of tlie City of Hart- ford. Approved June -7. Chapter XVI. An Act to amend " An Act to divide tlie City of New Haven into Wards for the Election of Officers." Approved May 2.3. Chapter XVII. An Act Amending tlie Charter of the City of Xorwicb. Approved June 25. Chapter XVIII. An Act in addition to an Act entitled " An Act concerning Commu- nities and Corporations." Approved June 11. Chapter XIX. An Act in addition to " An Act concerning Communities and Corpo- rations," Approved June 20. Chapter XX. An Act in addition to an Act entitled an Act concerning Communi- ties and Corporations. Approved June 25. Chapter XXI. An Act in addition to an Act concerning Communities and Corpora- tions. Approved June 26. Chapter XXII. An Act relating to Constables. Approved June 11. Chapter XXIII. An Act relating to Courts. Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives, in Gen- eral Assembly convened : Sec. 1. That the Superiot Court shall hereafter be holden in the 80 GOVERNMENT. County of Middlesex, at Haddam, and in the County of Tolland, at Tolland, in said county, on tlie first Tuesday in December in each year, instead of the fourth Tuesday of November, as now required by Llw. Sec. 2. So much of the statute law of this State relative to Courts, as is inconsistent herewith, is hereby repealed. Approved June 11. Chapter XXIV. An Act in addition to an Act entitled an Act relating to Courts. Approved June 11. Chapter XXY. An Act in relation to " An Act relating to Courts." Approved June 26. Chapter XXVI. An Act in addition to "An Act relating to Courts." Approved June 27. Chapter XXYII. An Act in addition to "An Act in alteration of an Act relating to Courts." Approved June 20. Chapter XXVIII. An Act in addition to an Act entitled " An Act concerning Crimes and I'unishments." Approved June 20. Chapter XXIX. An Act in addition to "An x\ct concerning Crimes and Punishments." Approved June 25. Chapter XXX. An Act in addition to " An Act concerning Crimes and Punishments." Approved June 26. Chapter XXXI. An Act in addition to an Act entitled " An Act concerning Crimes and Punishments." Approved June 11. 1 GOVERNMENT, 81 Chapter XXXII. An Act relating- to the execution of Deeds. He it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives^ in Gen- eral Assembly convened : Sec. 1. That all deeds and conveyances of real estate, which have been executed without seal, shall be valid and binding as if they had been sealed. Provided, that nothing herein contained shall affect any suit now pending, and provided that such dee(ls and conveyances shall be valid in all other respects. Approved June 11. Chapter XXXIII. An Act authorizing the appointment of Commissioners to take ac- knowledgments of Deeds and Conveyances and Dispositions in Foreign Countries. Approved June 27. Chapter XXXIV. An Act relating to the Execution of Deeds, Mortgages and other Convevances of Real Estate. Approved June 20. Chapter XXXV. An Act in addition to an Act concerning the Domestic Relations. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in Gen- eral Assembly convened : The several provisions of the act of 1849, approved June 22, 1849, relative to the property and estate of married women, be and the same are hereby extended and appliecl to all personal property, which shall hereafter accrue to any married man, in right of his wife, by virtue of any gift to said wife during the coverture. Provided, that this act shall not apply to property given by any husband to his wife, or to property previously transferred by any husband to any other person, for the purpose of being given to his wife. Approved June 20. Chapter XXXVI. An Act in addition to an Act concerning Education. Approved June 27. 6 82 GOVERNMENT. Chapter XXXVII. An Act in addition to "An Act concerning Education." Approved June 27. Chapter XXXVIII. An Act in addition to an Act entitled " An Act in addition to and in alteration of an Act concerning Education,'' Approved June 23. Chapter XXXIX. An Act in addition to an Act relating to Electors and Elections. Principally relating to the division of East Haven into two dis- tricts, for election purposes. Approved June 11. Chapter XL. An Act relating to Proceedings in Equity. Approved June 19. Chapter XLI. An Act in relation to the Settlement of Estates. Approved June 1?. Chapter XLII. An Act in addition to " An Act for the settlement of Estates, Testate, Intestate and Insolvent." Approved June 19. Chapter XLIII. An Act in addition to the Act entitled " An Act for the settlement of Estate, Testate, Intestate and Insolvent." Approved June 20. Chapter XLIV. An Act for the Preservation of Fish. Be it enacted by the Setiaie and House of Representatives^ in Gen- eral Assembly convened: No person shall take or carry away from any stream, pond or res- ervoir helonging to any other person, or persons, or corporation, any trout or other valuable fish, without the consent of the owner or own- ers of the land covered by and adjoining such stream, pond or reser- voir, or without the consent of tlje agent of such corporation, if such GOVERNMENT. land belong to a corporation ; and every person so offending shall be punished by a fine not exceeding seven dollars, or by imprisonment in a common jail not exceeding thirty days, or by such fine and impris' onment both. Approved June 26, Chapter XLV. An Act for the Protection of Fisli in Saltonstall Lake. Approved June 26. Chapter XLVI. Ari Act to prevent Incendiary Fires. * Approved June 27. Chapter XLVII. An Act in addition to " An Act for the Suppression of Intemperance." Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives^ in Gen- eral Assembly convened : That all proceedings or prosecutions brought to obtain the forfeit- ure of any liquor under the twelfth and thirteenth sections of the act for the suppression of intemperance, (passed May session, 1854,) shall be held and are hereby declared to be proceedings in rem and not criminal proceedings, and shall be proceeded with as civil and not as criminal proceedings. Approved June 27. Ceiapter XLVIII. An Act in addition to an Act concerning Lands. Approved June 19. Chapter XLIX. An Act in addition to "An Act concerning Lands." Approved June 20. Chapter L. An Act in addition ;o "An Act concerning Lands." Approved June 25. Chapter LI. A Bill for a Public Act to carry into effect the Revised Private Laws Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in Gen- eral Assembly convened : 84 GOVERNMENT. Ssc. 1. Tliat volumes third and fourth of the private laws of this State, as compiled by the committee appointed at the session of the Legislature held at New Haven, A. D. 1856, and now published, shall be legal evidence in all courts of law in this State. Sec. 2. One copy of the aforesaid volumes of the private statues of the State shall be deposited, and forever kept in the office of the Sec- retary of State, to which said copy the Secretary of State shall annex a certificate under his hand and the seal of the State, that the laws therein contained are the private statute laws of this State, and such certified copy sliall l)e an authentic i-ecord of such laws. Ajiproved June 27. Chapter LIT. An Act in addition to and in alteration of Acts for forming and con- ducting the Military Force. Approved June 25. Chapter LIII. An Act in addition to an Act concerning Limited Partnerships. Approved June 19. Chapter LTV. An Act in addition to and in alteration of " An Act providing for the support of Paupers." Approved June 1 1. Chapter LV. An Act in relation to Pounds. Approved June 26. Chapter LVL An Act relating to Judges of Probate. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives^ in Gen- eral Assembly covvened : Sec. 1. That the act entitled " An Act in alteration of an Act re- lating to Judges of Probate," passed May session, 1856, be and the same is hereby repealed. Sec. 2. The Judges of Probate who were elected on the 1st Mon- day in April last, shall hold their ofiices for the terra of one year and no longer, in the same manner as if the act hereby repealed had not been passed. GOVERNMENT, 85 Skc. 3. This act shall take effect from and after its passage. Approved June 19. Chapter LVII. An Act in addition to " An Act concerning Railroad Companies." Approved June 25. Chapter LVIII. An Act in addition to and in alteration of an Act to establish the State Reform School. Approved June 27. Chapter LIX. An Act in alteration of an Act |,in addition to an Act entitled "An Act relating to the Registr;.tion of Births, Marriages and Deaths.'' Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives, in Gen- eral Assembly convened : Sec. 1. That whenever any Registrar or Town Clerk of any town in this State shall issue his certificate as provided in sec. 1, chap. 75, of an Act entitled " An Act relating to the Registration of Births, Mar- riages and Deaths," passed in 185G, if the persons applying for such certificate, or either of them are minors under the control of parents or guardians, unless the consent of such parents or guardians is first obtained, according to the provisions of said act ; said Registrar or Town Clerk knowingly issuing such certificate with- out such consent first obtained, shall forfeit and pay to the Treasurer of this State the sum of sixty-seven dollars. Approved June 27. Chapter LX. An Act relating to the publication of Registry Lists, Be it enacted hy the Senate and House of Representatives, in Gen- eral Assembly convened : Sec. 1. That the Act entitled "An Act regarding publication of Registry Lists," passed May session, 1856, be and the same is hereby repealed. Sec. 2. This act shall take effect from and after its passage. Approved June 26. Chapter LXL An Act concerning the doings of School Society and School District Meetings. Approved June 27. 86 GOVERNMENT. Chapter LXII. An Act in addition to "An Act relating to Commissioners of Sewers and Scavengers." Approved June 26. Chapter LXIII. An Act in addition to and in explanation of " An Act for the assess- ment and collection of Taxes." Approved June 13. Chapter LXIV. An Act in addition to and in alteration of an Act entitled "An Act for the Assessment and Collection of Taxes." Approved June 27. Chapter LXV. An Act extending the power of Town Clerks in administering Oaths. Approved June 19. Chapter LXVI. An Act in addition to an Act entitled "An Act to restrain Geese from going at large on the Highways and Commons in the several Towns in this State." Approved June 26. Chapter LXVII. An Act relating to Electors and Elections in the Town of New Haven. Approved June 27. Chapter LXVIII. An Act providing for the number of Jurymen and Justices of the Peace for the Town of Scotland. Approved June 20. Chapter LXIX. An Act in relation to Trusts. Approved June 26. Chapter LXX. An Act in addition to and in alteration of an Act entitled ". Vn Act relating to Weights and Measures." Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives, in Gen- eral AssemUy convened GOVERNMENT. 87 Sec. 1. That in tiie sale of the various kinds of grain and roots, herein after enumerated, in all cases where there is no agreement to sell by the presemt measurement, sixty pounds of wheat, fifty-six pounds of rye, fifiysix pounds of corn, forty-eight pounds of barley, forty-eight pounds of buckwheat, thirty-two pounds of oats, fifty pounds ground corn or rye, sixty pounds of potatoes, sixty pounds sugar beet, sixty pounds mangold wurzel, sixty pounds ruta baga, fifty- five pounds carrots, forty-five pounds parsnips, fifty pounds common English turnips, sixty pounds white beans, sixty pounds peas and fifty pounds onions, avoirdupois weight, shall respectively be deemed^ to constitute a bushel ; and it shall be lawful for any person to buy and sell the above specified articles by weights as aforesaid, any law or usage to the contrary notwithstanding. Sec. 2. It shall be the duty of public weighers, upon being requested by the owner or owners, or by the persons selling or proposing to sell any of the above specified articles, accurately and carefully to weigh the same, and in all respects conform to the provisions of the sixth chapter of the act concerning communities and corporations. Sec. 3. All acts and parts of acts inconsistent herewith, are hereby repealed. Approved June 26. COMPTROLLER'S REPORT. State of Connecticut, Office of Secretary of State, July 20, 1857. ^ ^^' The following extracts from the report of the Comptroller of public accounts, exhibited to the General Assembly at their late session, com- prise such parts of said report as are by law required to be published in the several newspapers in this State, by the Secretary of State. O. H. Platt, Secretary of State. The State of Connecticut in general account of Receipts and Expendi- tures of Funds appropriated for the Current Expenses of Oovern- ment. For amount of payments from the Treasury from the 31st March, 1856, to the 1st April, 1857, for the current expenses of Government, under the following heads, viz : — 88 GOVERNMENT. Debenture and contingent expenses of General Assembly, Salaries of officers of government, executive and judicial, Contingent expenses of government, . Judicial expenses, ..... Expense of supporting State paupers, . Expense of superintending common schools, Salary of Directors of State prison, Advances made to Q. M. General, Account of public buildings and institutions, Expense of repairs on State Arsenal, Commutation tax refunded, Balance of last year's account. Interest on loans, ..... Durrie & Peck's note paid. Balance to account, .... Contra. 185G. By payments into Treasury from March 31st, 1856, to April 1st, 1857: From forfeited bonds, ..... " Avails of Courts, .... " Taxes, Dividend on Bank Stock, ifcc. 1857. April 1, by balance in the Treasury, Dr. $43,331.03 23,193.76 82,147.21 84,142.16 1,800.00 4,062.24 300.00 4,060.00 18,062.70 1,499.42 4,134.98 4,664.89 5,310.59 1,002.09 $277,711.07 12,468.30 $290,179.37 Cr. $8,121.16 1,518.10 280,540!ll ,179.37 12,468.30 GOVERNMENT. ABSTRACT OF EXPENDITURES OF THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT, For Ten Years, Ending April \st, A. I). 1857. General As Salaries. Contingent Judicial Support of sembly. Expenses. Expenses. Paupers. 1848 $25,111.21 $11,934.00 $9,305.72 $36,718.39 $1,100 1849 28,353.64 13,725.00 10,506.76 41,317.84 1,100 1850 25,980.28 14,150.00 15,399.32 49,001.67 2,229 1851 27,873.70 13,429.00 11,514.67 39,460.12 2,200 1852 31,210.38 13,750.00 12.560.97 31,494.06 2,200 1853 30,282.16 14,000.00 29.850.14 36,059.38 1,785 1854 32,509.21 13,500.00 44,579.17 44,035.51 2,200 1855 33,260.67 14,058.00 56,082.70 57,535.22 2,200 1856 36,328.33 22,863.00 99,523.71 75,513.38 2,200 1857 43,331.03 23,193.76 82,147.21 84,142.16 1,800 Direc- tors State Qr. Mas. General's ' Public Buildinirg, Supr'd't Common Miscellane- Total. Prison. Acc'nts. . ; A. J. Jaqnes, M. D. ; T, S. Sperry, M. D. ; John Tate, M. D. Meeting, 2d Tuesday in May annually, at Hartford and New Haven. PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. Those connected with the Connecticut Medical Society, are alpha- betically placed first. HARTFORD COUNTY. Joseph Olmsted, Chairman ; Wm. R. Brownell, Clerk. Hartford— A. W. Barrows, S. B. Beresford, Edward H. Brinley, Wm. R. Brownell, John S. Butler, *David Crary, J. S. Curtis, P. W. Ellsworth, Stephen H. Fuller, Horatio Gridley, P. M. Hastings, George B. Hawley, Henry Holmes, E. K. Hunt, J. C. Jackson, Thomas Miner, William Porter, S. C. Preston, Ben- jamin Rogers, Gurdon W. Russell, John F. Wells, Wm. Camp, John Taylor, Moses White ; Ilomceopathic, G. S. Browne, Russell Caulkins, George S. Green, J. N. Koernbach, C. A. Taft, J. B. Terry ; Botanic, J. W. Johnson, Isaac J. Sperry, T. S. Sperry; Eclectic, Rufus K. Mills; Magnetic and Clairvoyant, J. R. Mettler, Calvin Pollard, Asa S. Swan. Avon — Alfred Kellogg. Berlin — Elishama Brandegee, G. P. Reynolds ; Botanic, C. E. Scott. Bloomfield— Henry Gray ; Botanic, Jona. H. Withey. Bristol — Joseph W. Camp, John S. Moody, James H. Austin, Loomis North, Jared W. Pardee; Homceopathic, George P. Cooley ; Botanic, G. N. Langdon. Burlington — Wm. Elton. Canton — Denadam Kasson. Collinsville — R. H. Tiffnay, Orrin B. Free- man. East Hartford— Clar. M. Brownell, *Seth L. Child, Henry K. Olmsted, Wm. H. White. East Windsor — Hiram Watson. Broad Brook — *Marcus L. Fisk. Ware- house Point — *Joseph Olmsted. Enfield — J. P. Converse, Asa L. Spalding. Thompsonville — J. Bailey Beach, L. S. Pease ; ITomreopathic, J. D. Lucas ; Botanic, Thomas H. Warren. Hazardville — L. P. Weaver. 127 Farmington — Asabel Thonipson, Cliauneey Brown. Plainville — George A. Moody ; Homoeopathic, Lyman S. Clark, L. N. Beardsley. Uniontille — Wm. H. Sage. Glastenbury — H. Clinton Bunce, Warren Thrall ; Botanic, Daniel Kings- bury. South Glastenbury — C. E. Hammond, John S. Moore. Eastbury — Sabin S. Stocking. Granby — Jeseph F. Jewett, Jairus Case. East Graney — Chester Hamlin. North Granby — Francis F. Allen. "West Granby — Justus D. Wilcox. Manchester — William Scott ; Homceopathic, Oliver B. Taylor. Manchester Station — William C. Williams. North Manchester — Botanic, Calvin W. Jaques. New Britain — E. D. Babcock, *B. N. Comings, S. Waldo Hart; Homceo- pathic, Henry Isham ; Botanic, Marcus Brockway, L. L. Sparry. Rocky Hill — Sylvester Bulkley, Rufus W, Griswold. Simsbury — *Roderick A. White. Tariffyille — George W. Sanford, Charles W. Ensign. SouTHiNGTON — Jullus S. Bames, Noah H. Byington, Frederick A. Hart; Homoeopathic — L. A. Hudson. South Windsor — Horace C. Gillette. East Windsor Hill — H. Goodrich, S. W. Rockwell, Wm. Wood. Suffield — S. B. Low, Aretus Rising, M. T. Newton. West Suffield — 0. W. Kellogg. West Hartford — Edward Brace. Wethersfield — E. F. Cooke, Roswell Fox, Abner S. Warner; Botanic, Samuel A. Castle. Windsor — Albert Morrison, Wm. S. Pierson, Samuel A. Wilson. Poquonock — Oliver B. Griggs. Windsor Locks — Samuel N. Skinner ; Eclectic, Ralph T. Chaffee. NEW HAVEN COUNTY. L. N. Beardsley, Chairman ; John Nicoll, Clerk. New Haven — Caleb H. Austin, Timothy P. Beers, Timothy P. Boers, Jr., E, Huggins Bishop, Henry Bronson, *Charles Byington, David L. Daggett, John K. Downs, H. L. Fitch, Charles Hooker, Worthingtoa Hooker, Stephen G. Hub- bard, Charles L. Ives, Eli Ives, Levi Ives, Nathan B. Ives, *Pliny A. Jewett, Hobart Keese, *Jonatlian Knight, Chas. A. Lindsley, Samuel Lloyd, H. W. E. Matthews, Alfred S. Monson, John Nicoll, Erasmus D. North, Edwin A.Park, Samuel Punderson, Leonard I. Sandford, George 0. Sumner, Thomas H. Tot- ten. David A. Tyler, *Moses C. White, Wm. J. Whiting, John L. Arndt, George Bennett, A. D. Fontaine, Edward R. Hallam, Sanford Lawton, Ozias Peck, Henry B, Porter, David E. Smith, Wm, Walch, Thomas Wells, Samuel Wooster ; Homoeopathic, Elial T. Foote, Charles C. Foote, Charles H. Skiff, Paul C. Skiff ; Botanic, Zohn L. Lyon, Lyman Rice, Selden Sprague ; Hydro- pathic, Wm. H. Shadgett; Eclectic, E. C. Chamberlain, R. L. Hamilton ; Ind., 128 S. T. Gray. Faiii Haven — Josiah H. Beeeher, Lymau Parker, C. S. Thompson, W. M. White; Ilomceopathic, Lester Keep. Bethaxt — Asa C. Woodward. Branford — Willoughby L. Lay, H. V. Holcomb. Cheshire — Asa J. Driggs, Noah B. Walton, W. Williams. Derby — C. IL Pinuey. Ansonia — Samuel P. Church. Birmingham— *Am- brose Beardsley, Thomas A. Dutton. East Haven — Bela Farnham. Guilford — *Joel Canfield, Alvan Talcott ; Botanic, II. T. Fisk. Hamden — Edwin D. Swift, Cliauneey B. Foote. Madison — Daniel M. Webb. Mkriden — Botanic, H. A. Archer, T. F. Davis, Jolm Tait. West Meriden — Benj. H. Catlin, *Edward W. Hatch; Homeopathic, W. N. Dunham. Yales- ville — C. B. McCarty. MiDDLEBURV — Marcus DeForest. Milford — Hull Allen, Lucius N. Beardsley ; Bone Setter, James Sweet. Naugatuck — John D. Hears, Henry Pierpont, Timothy Langdnn. North Branford — Sheldon Beardsley. North.Haven — *R. F. Stillman, Austin Lord. Orange — West Haven — Silas C. M'Clary, Henry W. Painter. Oxford — John Lounsbury, Lewis Barnes. Seymour — S. C Johnson, Joshua Kendall, Thomas Stoddard, Benjamin Way SouTHBURY — Anthony B. Burritt. South Britain — Nathan C. Baldwin. Wallingford — Nehemiah Banks, B. F. Harrison. Waterbury' — Sturges Bulkley, John Deacon, Thomas Dougherty, M. C. Leavenworth, George E. Perkins, Gideon L. Piatt, P. G, Rockwell, Fayette E. Scott; Homreopathic, Wm. W. Rodman: Botanic, John J. Jaques, E. G. Snow. Wolcott — Botanic, Erastus Todd. WooDBRiDGK — Andrew Castle, Isaac Goodsell. NEW LONDON COUNTY. , Chairman ; Benjamin D. Dean, Clerk. New London — David P. Francis, Albert Hobron, R. A. Manwariug, Wm. W. Miner, James Morgan, Nathaniel S. Perkins, Isaac G. Porter, Seth Smith, N. 0. Harris; Homoeopathic, N. Moleter, Oscar Sceitz ; Botanic, 0. H. Jewell. Norwich — Edwin Bentley, Elijah Dyer, John P. Fuller, Ashbel B. Haile, Henry W. Leach, Erastus O.sgood, Horace Thurston, Ralph Farnsworth, Joseph B. F. Fuller, Nelson Middleton, Lewis S. Paddock ; Homaopathic, S. M. Fletcher, Augustus Frank ; Botanic, John V. Wilson, Marcus Brockway. Green- ville — *Benjamin D. Dean, Alonzo Fuller. Norwich Town — Daniel G. Gul- liver, Elisha Phinney, Richard P. Tracy, Abner Palmer. BozRAO — ^Samuel Johnson. Colchester — Frederick Morgan, Ezekiel W. Parsons, Melancthon Storrs, George IT. Rogers, S. E. Swift; Botanic, L. L. Dickinson. 129 East Lyme — * Austin F. Perkins, John L. Smith, Daniel Caulkins. Franklin — *Ashbel Woodward. North Franklin — Bone Setter, Stephen Sweet. Geiswold. — Jewett City — Wm. Soule, Enoch Baker, Benajah M. Gay ; Bo- tanic, Smith Barber. Groton — Joseph Durfey. Mystic River — Alfred W. Coats, John Gray. NoANK — *A. T. Douglas. . Lebanon — Ralph E. Greene, Stephen Champlin, Calvin Pea?e, William Wat- tles ; Bone Setter, Ch. Sweet. Liberty Hill — Joseph Comstock. Ledyard. — Gale's Ferey — R. VV. Matthewson. Lisbon — Moses K. Brewer. Lyme. — North Lyme — Wm. W. J. Warren. Hamburgh — W. A. Babcock, Elisha S. Peck. . Montvillk — *John C. Bolles, Benj. F. Bradford, Jedediah R. Gay. LTncas- viLLE— Samuel E. Maynard. North Stonington — Lot W. Kinney, Alvah Gray, Levi Walker. Preston — E. B. Downing, Dixon S. Hall. Poquetannock — Henry E. Randal. Salem — Nathaniel Foote. South Lyme — Richard Noyes, Stephen A. Peck. Stonington — William Hyde, William Hyde, Jr., George E. Palmer, J. Pat- ridge, Ijidian, Mystic — Mason Manning. FAIRFIELD COUNTY. , Chairman ; Justus Sherwood, Clerk. Fairfield — S. P. V, Ten Broeck ; Hom(jeopathic, Jere. T. Denison. Green- field — Rufus Blakeman. Southport — Justus Sherwood. Bridgeport — H. N. Bennett, L. W. Burrett, *Robert Hubbard, L. F. Hum- iston, Fred'k J. Judson, David H, Nash, William B. Nash, 0. C. Stockman ; Homoeopathic, L. H. Norton ; Botanic, A. J. Jacques, Israel Kelsey. Danbury — Ezra P. Bennett, B. B. Botsford, LeviBronson, William F. Lacy; Homoeopathic, Wm. E. Bulkley ; Botanic, E. A. Brown. Millplain — David Bun. Bethel — Joseph E. Clark, Luther Hawley, R. P. Lyon. Brookfield — Noah A. Lacey, *Amos L. Williams. Darien Depot — Samuel Sands. Easton — James Baldwin, John P. Pattison, Abram B. Ticknor. Greenwich — Charles C. Allen, James II. Hoyt, Darius Mead. Round Hill — Bartow F. White. Huntington — James H. Shelton, Joseph Tomlinson. Moneoe — Edw. M. Beardslee, Roger M. Gray. Stepney Depot — Zalmon H. HalL New Canaan — Samuel S. Noyes, Lewis Richards ; Homceopathic, Theodore Roberts. New Fairfield — David Barnum. 9 130 MEDICAL. Newtown — Cyrenus H. Boota, Erastus Erwin, Monroe Judson. NoRWALK — *Ira Gregory, John A. McLean, Samiiel Lynes. South Nor- WALK — B. Pardee. Redding— Charles Gorham. RiDGEFiELD — Nehcmiah Perry, Nehemiah Perry, Jr. Hidgebury — David Burr. Sherman — John Orton ; Homceppathic, D. W. Northrop. Stamford — N. D. Haight, Lewis Hurlbut, Samuel Sands, Chauncey Ayres, George B. Hunt, Samuel Lockwood, "Wm. H. Trowbridge. North Stamford — Joseph C. Holt. Long Bridge — Wm. B. Hallowell. Stratford — William T. Shelton, Waldo Brown, John Goulding, Theodore Lewis ; Botanic, Stephen Curtis. Trumbull — George Dyer, Elijah Middlebrook. Westport — George Blackman, *David S. Burr, Joseph Jauncey; Thompsq,- nian, George W. Ruby. Wilton — Sylvester Mead, David Willard, Georgetown — Lloyd Seeley. WINDHAH COUNTY. Lewis Williaras, Chairman ; J. B. Wbitconib, Clerk. Windham — Chester Hunt, DeWitt C. Lathrop, C. S. Avery. Willimantic — John Hill, Jr., Wm. A. Bennett; Botanic, 0. B. Lyman, William K. Otis. Scotland — *Calvin B. Bromley. Brooklyn — Samuel Ilutchins, James B. Whitcomb, Wm. Woodbridge, Thomas Huntington. AsHFORD — John H. Simmons. Westford — Ezekiel Skinner. Canterbury — Elijah Baldwin, Elijah Baldwin, Jr., Joseph Palmer. Chaplin — Orrin Witter. Eastford — David B. Dean ; Botanic, I. L. Bradley. Hampton — Dyer Hughes ; Botanic, Robert Potter. Killingly — Justin Hammond. East Killingly — Edwin A. Hill. South KiLLiNGLY' — Daniel A. Hovey. West Killingly^ — David E. Hall, Stephen C. Griggs, Samuel Hutchins ; Botanic, F. P. Coe. Plainfield — William H. Cogswell. Moosup — Frank S. Burgess, Lewis E. Dixon. Central Village — Charles H. Rogers ; Botanic, Wm. L. Adams. PoMFRET — Hiram Holt, Lewis Williams. Abington — Elisha Williams. Putnam — *Henry W. Hough, Thomas W. Perry, Dan'l McDaniel. Sterling Hill — William A. Lewis, *Nathan S. Pike. Thompson — *Lowell Holbrook, John McGregor, D. A. Fox. VoLUNTOWN — Harvey Campbell. Woodstock — Lorenzo Marcy. East Woodstock — *Asa Witter. West Wood- stock — Milton Bradford. 131 LITCHFIELD COUNTY. Win. Woodruff, Chairman ; H. W. Buell, Clerk. Litchfield — Josiali G. Beckwilh, D. E. Bostwick, Henry W. Buel, "Win. Deming, Jr., Eliada Osborne, *George Seymour, A. S. Lewis. South Farms — Garry H.Miller. Bantam Falls — James K. Wallace. Barkuamsted. — HiTCHCOCKViLLE — Botanic, S. Moore. Pleasant Valley — Botanic, Albert Fox. Bethlem — Henry Davis. Bridgewater — Horace Judson. Canaan — George Adams, A. A. "Wright. Falls Village — John A. Gillett, Charles Maltbie, Ithamer 11. Smith. CoLEBnooK — Seth Pease. Colebrook River — S. C. Newton. Cornwall — Burritt B. North. Cornwall Bridge — Solon Hubbard. "West Cornwall — *Samuel W. Gold, Edw.;rd Sanford ; Botanic, S. M. Scoville. GosHE.v — Asahel M. Huxley. Harwinton — *G. B. Miller, V. Miller. Kent — "Wells Beardsley, Ralph H. Pratt. New Hartford — Jerry Burwell, Thomas G. Hazen ; Eclectic, E. D. Curtiss. South Center — A. E. Barber, J. P. Root. New Milford — Jehiel Williams, James Hine; Homceopathic, George Taylor, Charles Taylor. Merwinsville — Sam'l H. St. John. Norfolk— Wm. W. Welch, John H. Welch, J. H. P. Stevens. Plymouth — *Sam'l T. Salisbury. Terryville — F. J. Whittemore. Ply- mouth Hollow — William Woodruff. RoxBURY — Myron Downea; Botanic, A. W. Fenn. Salisbury — John 0. Niles. Falls Village — C. B. Maltbie, S. A. Griswold. Lakeville — Henry M. Knight, Benjamin Welch, Elijah Gregory ; Botanic, Hiel H. Howe. Sharon — Ralph Deming, John Sears, Wm. W. Knight. ToRRiNGTON. — WoLCOTTviLLE — Erastus Bancroft, J. W. Phelps. Warren — John B. Derickson. Woodville — Manly Peters. Washington — Remus W. Fowler; Botanic, Darius Bradley. New Pres- ton — Edward P. Lyman, Sidney H. Lyman. Watertown — Samuel Elton, Henry A.Hart, A. M. Hungerford. Winchester. — Winsted — George W. Wetmore; Eclectic, M. R. Bronson. West Winsted — John W. Bidwell, James Welch, Harvey B, Steele. Woodbury — Charles H. Webb, Garwood H. Atwood, Stephen B. Fairchild, Herman W. Shove. i32 MIDDLESEX COUNTY. Asa n. King, Chairman ; Elislia B. Nye, Clerk. MiDDLETowN — Joseph Barratt, George W. Burke, William B. Casey, Miner C. Hazen, *Elisha B. Nye, *Charles Woodward, William II. Boyle; Homoeo- pathic, William C. Bell ; Botanic, Ellsworth Burr; Bone Setter, G. H. Sweet. Haddam — Edwin Bidwell. Higganum — AVilliam H. Tremaine. Chatham. — East Hampton — Francis G. Edgerton. Middle Haddam — A. B. Worthington. Chester — Sylvester W. Turner, Ambrose Pratt. Clinton — Denison H. Hubbard ; Botanic, Asa S. Pelton. Cromwell — Ira Hutchinson. Durham — Benj. M. Fowler, Chauncey Andrews, R. W. Mathewson. East Haddam — Asa M. Holt, Datus Williams. Moodus— James D. Ed- monds ; Botanic, Henry E. Cook, Henry-C. Cook. Essex — Alanson H. Hough, Fred'k W. Shepard, Ezra S. Mather; Botanic H. Babcock. KiLLiNGWORTH — Joseph Maddox ; Botanic, Hari'is R. Burr, Old Saybrook — Asa H. King. Portland — G. C. II. Gilbert, George 0. Jarvis ; Botanic, Lucius E. Way. Saybrook. — Deep River — Rufus Baker, Isaac P. Leet. Westbrook — Horace Burr. TOLLAND COUNTY. F. L. Dickinson, Chairman ; G. II. Preston, Clerk. Tolland — Oliver K. Isham, G. H. Preston, Theodore S. Ladd ; Botanic, J. C. Eaton. Bolton — Charles F. Summer. Columbia — Harrison Mcintosh, Asa Hutchins. Coventry — Eleazer Hunt. South Coventry — Timothy Dimock, Henry S. Dean Ellington — Horatio Dow, Joseph Partridge. Hebron — John S. Peters, Orrin C. White, Adam Craig. Mansfield — Wm. H. Richardson. Centre — Earl Swift. Depot— Norman Brigham. Spring Hit.l — *E. G. Sumner. Somers — Erasmus E. Hamilton, Orson Wood, William B. Woods. Stafford — Eleazer S. Beebe, *William N. Clark. Springs — Botanic, N. D. Hodgkins. West— Joshua Blodgett. Staffordville— Stephen F. Pomoroy. Union — Ebenezer Lindsey, Shubael Hammond. Vernon.— RocKviLLu: — John B. Lewis, Alden Skinner, F. C. Bailey, A. F. Wilson. WiLLiNGTON, W. — *FrancisL. Dickinson, Chester Carpenter. LEGAL DEPAUTIENT. U. S. CIRCUIT AND DISTRICT COURTS IN CONN. Circuit Judge — Samuel Nelson, Cooperstown, N. Y. District Judge — Charles A. Ingersoll, New Haven. District Clerk — Alfred Blackman, New Haven. District Attornetj — William D. Shipman, Hartford, Marshal — Curtis Bacon, Middletown. Deputy Marshals — Philo F. Barnura, Bridgeport ; Samuel Tripp, Hartford. SUPREME COURT. Chief Judge— WiLhiAU L. Storrs, Hartford. Salary, |2,000. Associate Judges — Joel Hinman, New Haven ; William W. Ells- worth, Hartford. Salaries, $2,000. Bejyorter — William N. Matson, Hartford. Salary, $550. Terms. — [See Calendar.] SUPERIOR COURT. Judges — David C. Sandford, New Milford ; Thomas B. Butler, Norwallv ; John D. Park, Norwicli ; Origen S. Seymour, Litchfield ; LoREN P, Waldo, Tolland ; Charles J. McCurdy, Lyme. Salaries, $2,000. PROBATE COURTS. Andover, John S. Yeomans. Ashford, Dyer H. Clark. Avon, Alfred Kellogg. Barkhamsted, George Merrill. Berlin, Seth E. Case. Bethany, Andrew Beecher. Bethlem, in Woodbury District. Bloomfield, in Hartford District. Bolton, in Andover District. Bozrah, Albert G. Avery. Branford, J. J. Bartholomew. Bridgeport, Elisha S. Abernethy. Bristol, Samuel P. Newell, Brookfield, Eben. Blackman. Brooklyn, James B. Palmer. Burlington, George J. Hinman. Canaan, Miles 1. Granger. Canterbury, John Francis. Canton, Wm. H. Hallock. Chaplin, Erastus Rindge. Chatham, Cyrus Hurd. Cheshire, Ed. A. Cornwall. Chester, in Saybrook District. Clinton, in Killingworth District. Colchester, Albert B. Isham. Colebrook, in Winchester District. Columbia, in Andover District. Cornwall, Frederick Kellogg. Coventrj-, Andrew K. Brown. Cromwell, in Middletown District. Danbury, W. F. Olmstead. Darien, in Stamford District. Derby, in New Haven District. Durham, in Middletown District, Eastford, Joseph Dorsett. East Haddam, Edumnd Smith. East Hartford, in Hartford District. East Haven, in New Haven District. East Lyme. Moses H. Warren. Easton, in Weston District. East Windsor, Wm. Barnes. Ellington, Franklin W. Perry. Enfield, Normand Allen. Fairtield, Rufus Blakeman. Farmington, Milton Humphrey. Franklin, in Norwich District, Glastenbury, in Hartford District. Goshen, in Litchfield District. Granby, Joel C. Holcomb. Greenwich, Augustus Mead. Griswold, in Norwich District. Groton, Amos Clift. Guilford, Edward R. Landon. Haddam, Orrin Freeman. Hamden, in New Haven District. Hampton, Dyer Hughes. Hartford, Henry Perkins. Hartland, Timothy E. Williams. Harwinton, Lewis Smith. Hebron, Ralph Gilbert. Huntington, in Bridgeport District. Kent, . Killingly, Leavens Jencks. Killingworth, George E. Elliott. Lebanon, Learned Hebard. Ledyard, Edmund Spieer. Lisbon, in Norwich District. Litchfield, G. C. Woodruff. Lyme, William Marvin. Madison, Joseph W. Dudley. Mancliester, D. S. Calhoun. Mansfield, John N. Barrows. Marlborough, Henry D. Barrows. Meriden, Orville H. Piatt. Middlebury, in Waterbury District. Middletown, A^'aldo P. Vinal. Milford, Samuel B. Gunn. Monroe, in Bridgeport District. Montville, Joseph Bromley. Naugatuck, in Waterbury District. New Britain, in Berlin District. New Canaan, in Norwalk District. New Fairfield, in Danbury District. New Hartford, J. B. Foster. New Haven, Luzon B. Morris. New London, John P. C. Mather. New Milford, George Taylor. Newtown. Munroe Judson. Norfolk, Wm. B. Rice. N. Bran ford, in Guil'd & Wal. Dist. North Haven, in New Haven Dist. North Stonington, Ch. P. White. Norwalk, Geo. A. Davenport. Norwich, S. T. Holbrook. Old Saybrook, J. S. Dickinson. Orange, in New Haven District. Oxford, Nathan J. Wilcoxson. Plainfield, David Gallup. Plymouth, Ammi Giddings. Pomfret, Charles L Grosvenor. Portland, in Chatham District. Preston, in Norwich District. Prospect, in Cheshire District. Redding, Lemuel Sanford. Ridgefield, Hiram K. Scott. Rocky Hill, in Hartford District. Roxbury, Myron Downs. Salem, John C. Daniels. Salisbury, Robert N. Fuller. Saybrook, Arba H. Banning. Seymour, in New Haven District. Sharon, Ch. F. Sedgwick. Sherman, Henry Sherwood. Simsbury, Virgil Pettibone. Somers, Solomon Fuller, Jr. Southbury, in Woodbury District. Soutliington, F. D. Whittlesey. South Windsor, in East Windsor Dist. Stafford, Solva Converse. Stamford, James H. Olmstead. Sterling, Archibald Douglas. Stonington, Asa Fish. Stratford, John Goulding. Suffield, George W^ilJistou. Thompson, Talcott Crosby. Tolland, Robert Sharp. Torrington, Henry B. Richards. Trumbull, in Bridgeport District, Union, S. F. Needham. Vernon, in Ellington District. Voluntown, Samuel Gates. Wallingford, Eli S. Ives. AVarren, in Litchfield District. Washington, Daniel G. Piatt. Waterbury, R. W. W^right. Waterford, in New London District. W\atertown, L. W. Cutler. Westbrook, Augustus Bushnell. 135 Weston, Moses Burr. Westport, Myron L. Mason. Wethersfield, in Hartford District. Willington, in Tolland District. Wilton, in Norwalk District. Winchester, John Boyd. Windham, CaWin Hibbard. Windsor, Richard H. Phelps. Wolcott, in Waterbury District. Woodbridge, in New Haven Dist. Woodbury, Charles B. Phelps. Woodstock, Thomas D. Holmes. COUNTIES. HARTFORD COUNTY. Commissioners — Watson Dewey, Granby ; Cha's Forbes, East Hartford ; Henry Harris, Wethersfield. Allowed $3 per day. Clerk of Courts — Wait N. Hawley, Hartford. Assistant Cleek — Julius L. Strong, Hartford. State Attorney — R. D. Hubbard, Hartford. Sheriff — Lucius G. Goodrich, Simsbury. Deputy Sheriffs. — Sheriff Goodrich has appointed the following gentlemen Deputy Sheriffs for Hartford County : — Hartford, Westell Russell ; Bristol, Silas R. Gridley ; New Britain, William H. Reilly ; Manchester, Chauncy B. Kuox; Suffield, John M. Hatheway; Southington, Dennis P. Finch ; Sims- bury, Abel C. Adams ; Windsor, Ellsworth N. Phelps. Deputy Surveyor General — Nathan Starkweather. Treasurer — Wait N. Hawley, Hartford. ATTOIINEVS AT LAW. Hartford — Hem'n H. Barbour, Jerome B. Brown, E. A. Bulkeley, Seymour N. Case, Charles Chapman, C. R. Chapman, Goodwin Collier, John C. Corn- stock, William R. Cone, Horace Cornwall, Robert E. Day, Thomas M. Day, H. C. Deming, James Dixon, Richard G. Drake, William W, Eaton, Francis Fellowes, George S. Gilman, Edward Goodman, Jos. R. Hawley, Wait N. Hawley, Charles J. Hoadley, J. H. Holcomb, John Hooker, Chauncey Howard, R. D. Hubbard, Wm. Hungerford, Chas. W. Johnson, Elisha Johnson, Benning Mann, Wm. N. Matson, James Nichols, Dwiglit W. Pardee, Francis Parsons, Charles E. Perkins, Henry Perkins, Thos. C. Perkins, Calvin W. Philleo, Henry L. Rider, H. C. Robinson, L. F. Robinson, John W. Seymour, Henry Sherman, Nath. Shipman, Wm. D. Shipman, George G. Sill, Erastus Smith, Z. A. Storrs, Julius L. Strong, Seth Terry, Isaac Toucey, James C. Walkley, H. K. W. Welch, Martin Welles, Oliver E. Williams. Bristol — Henry A. Mitchell, Samuel P. Newell. Canton. — CoUinsville — Orrin S. Case. East Hartford.— G. D. W. Brownell. East Windsor. — Warehouse Point — William Barnes. Enfield — Aholiab Johnson. Thompsonville — Charles H. Briscoe. Farmington — Thomas Cowles. Plainville — Uriah Case. Glastenhury. — South — George Merrick. 136 LEGAL. Granhy — Edmund Holcomb. East Granhy — Anson Bates. Manchester — Ralph R. Phelps. Manchester Station — David S. Calhoun. New Britain — Seth E. Case, Henry Nash. Simshury — Jeffrey 0. Phelps. Tariffville — Samuel II. Woodruff. Southington — Henry R. Bradley, W. S. Merrill. ' /Sw^eW— Calvin W. Philleo. Wethersfield—^lu.vi\n Welles. Windsor Locks — George W. Sayles. COMMISSIONERS OF SUTERIOR COURT. Hartford — Charles Chapman, Goodwin Collier, John C. Comstoek, Horace Cornwall, Robert E. Day, Francis Fellowes, Edward Goodman, Wait N. Haw- ley, James H. Ilolcomb, John Hooker, Barzillai Hudson, Elisha Johnson, Ben- ning Mann, James Nichols, Francis Parsons, Charles E. Perkins, Henry L. Rider, H. C. Robinson, Henry Selling, Henry Sherman, N. Starkweather, Zal mon A. Storrs, Julius L. Strong, A. L. Train, John II. White. Bristol — Henry A. Mitchell, Tracy Peck. East Hartford— \l. Cornwall, Edward B. Goodwin. Enfield — Thompsonville — Charles II. Briscoe, Jabez L. Taylor. Farmington — Samuel S. Cowles, Uriah Case. Glastenhury — Thomas H. L. Talcott. Granhy — Charles P. Clark, John H. Case. Hartland — Nathaniel Gaylord. Manchester — Ralph R. Phelps, Artemas L. Strong. Marlborough — Asa Day, Sherman C. Lord. New Britain — S. G. Merriman. Rocky Hill — George 0. Chambers. ' Southington — Henry R. Bradley, Walter S. Merrills. Wethersfield — Martin Welles. Windsor Locks — George W. Sajdes. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Note. — The figures denote the number of Jurors and the number of Justices of Peace, to which each town is entitled. Hartford, 47 — Olcott Allen, Ileman H. Barbour, Charles Benton, Alonzo W. Birge, Jerome B. Brown, Eliphalet A. Bulkeley, Seymour N. Case, Charles R. Chapman, John C. Comstoek, Robert E. Day, Henry C. Deming, Joseph J. Dimoek, Richard G. Drake, William W. Eaton, Henry H. Fitch, Henry Fow- ler, Henry Francis, George S. Gilman, Joseph R. Hawley, Charles J. Hoadley, Richard D. Hubbard, Charles W. Johnson, Elisha Johnson, John W. Johnson, Samuel F. Jones, William Mather, Wm. N. Matson, Henry K. Morgan, James Nichols, Dwight W. Pardee, Charles E. Perkins, Henry Perkins, Thomas C. Perkins, Joseph Pratt, Henry C. Robinson, Lucius F. Robinson, Oliver D. Seymour, Nathaniel Shipman, Wm. D. Shipman, George G. Sill, Erastus 137 Smith, Stiles D. Sperry, Zalmoa A. Storrs, Julius L. Strong, Alanson D. Wa- ters, Henry K. W. Welch, Oliver E. Williams. Avon, 6 — Nathan L. Case, Darius Sparry, Alonzo Woodford. Berlin, 10 — Charles M. Brown, Levi Deming, Hiram Francis, Henry M. Galpin, Chauneey Goodrich, Samuel Hart, Abijah North, Edward E. Stevens, Edward Wilcox, Jairus Winchel. Bloomfield, 8 — Charles H. Adams, Francis G. Barber, Curtis H. Case, Hiram B. Case, Joseph Chapman, Amasa H. Jerome, Norman A. Sackett, Hiram Thrall. Bristol, 15 — Henry Beckwith, Elias Burwell, Levi Curtiss, Charles T. Foot, Isaac Gillett, Silas R. Gridley, Riley Hine, Laporte Hubbell, Giles N. Lang- don, Samuel P. Newell, David Phelps, Lester Robinson, Charles A. Roper, Levi Smith, Edward Terry. Burlington, 6 — Simeon Beach, Austin Brooks, Miles H. Curtis, Orrin C. Ford, George J. Hinman, Truman Smith. Canton, 10 — Noah R. L. Bristol, Normand Brockett, Wm. E. Brown, Orrin S. Case, Samuel N. Godding, Wm. H. Hallock, Luther Higley, Ezekiel Hosford, Sherman Osborn, Averit Wilcox. East Hartford, 13 — Elijah Ackley, Charles D. W. Brownell, Agis Easton, Eri Eldridge, George H. Goodwin, Martin 0- Hills, Jesse Judson, Aaron G. Olmsted, George P. Persons, Daniel Pitkin, Elihu Smith, Wm. M. Stanley. East Windsor, 14 — Homer D. Allen, William Barnes, Charles Bartlett, Jo- siah Ellsworth, Josiah 0. Ellsworth, John M. Stiles. Enfield, 20 — Joseph P. Converse, Edward Hoskius, Aholiab Johnson, Isaac McNary, George C. Owen. Farmington, 14 — Uriah Case, Chauneey D. Cowles, Thomas Cowles, Wil- liam Crampton, Samuel Deming, Seneca L. Gorham, Ira lladsell, Edward K. Hamilton, John C. Lowrey, Henry Mygatt, Luther T. Parsons, Leander P. Rowley, Henrj-D. Stanley, Wm. M. Wadsworth. Glastenhury, 17 — Erastus Buck, David H. Couch, Ralph Crane, Henry Day- ton, David Finley, Roderick F. Fowler, Chauneey Goodale, Martin HoUister, Otis House, Chester I. Loveland, George Merrick, Daniel H. Stevens, Benja- min Taylor, Edwin S. Treat, Oswin Welles, Thaddeus Welles, Jabish Wier. Oranby, 13 — Anson Bates, Jarius Case, Anson Coolej', Thomas Cushman, Watson Dewey, Edmund Holcomb, Elam Kendall, Henry Merwin, William II. Pratt, Moses Stebbins, Isaac W. Thompson, Samual Weed, Justus D. Wilcox. Hartland, 6 — Erastus Beaman, Charles Case, John Church, 2d, Flavel C. Newton, Virgil Stebbins. Manchester, 13 — Elisha Andrus, George Bunce, Walter Bunee, David S. Cal- houn, Francis W. Cowles, Nathaniel Keeney, Woodruff Keeney, Chester J. Knox, William McNall, James B. Olcott, Moses Scott, William Scott, William C. Strong, Daniel Wadsworth, Marlborough, 5 — Adonijah S. Brainard, Amos B. Latham, Homer Skinner. New Britain, IG — Ezekiel Andrews, Ozias B. Bassett, Elisha S. Booth, Seth E. Case, Marcellus Clark, William G. Coe, Henry W. Flagg, Allen Judd, Cyrus 138 Judd, Henry Nash, Ilubart F. North, Philo Pratt, William II. Smith, Samuel Stanley, Giles Stillman, Henry W. Whiting. Rocky Hill, 6 — Henry Bulkley, Alonzo Griswold, Joseph B. Porter, Horatio Rohbins. Sbnsbury, 14 — Milton N. Barnard, Julius Chapman, Jerome B. Eno, Henry W. Ensign, Moses Ensign, Edward B. Goodwin, Asa Hoskins, Shubael S. llos- kins, Dudley B. McLean, Seymour Pettibone, Virgil Pettibone, Jeffrey 0. Phelps, Whiting Shepard, Samuel H. Woodruff. Southington, 11 — Julius S. Barnes, Isaac Burritt, John Gurtiss, Horatio Dun- ham, Artemas J. Gridley, Solomon D. Gridley, Collingwood Hart, Simeon H. Norton, Andrew Upson, De Witt Upson, David P. Woodruff. South Windsor, 9— Thomas H. Bissell, William Dart, Elizur W. Drake, Jo- seph Elmer, Norman Foster, Leonard Grant, John Moore. Suffield, 15 — Alanson S. Burkank, Gamaliel Fowler, Henry Fuller, Paul Har- mon, David Hastings, Artemas King, Archibald Kinney, Parks Loomis, Wm. L. Loomis, Daniel W. Norton, Calvin W. Philleo, Gad Sheldon, Julius F. Sikes, Edwin P. Stevens, Anson Stiles. West Hartford, 8 — Zephaniah Alden, Benjamin Belden, Thomas Brace, Sol- omon S. Flagg, Henry Hastings, Josiah P^aymond, Henry Talcott, Ralph G. Wells. Wether.tjield, 13 — Russel Adams, Welles Adams, Charles K. Atwood, John M. Belden, Amasa Cadwell, Jedediah Deming, Jr., Alfred Francis, Albert Gal- pin, Martin S. Griswold, John S. Kirkham, Reuben C. Osborn, Chauncey Rob- bins, Samuel Woodhouse. Windsor, 10 — Spencer Clapp, Jr., Hermas II. Holcomb, James Loomis, 2d, Lonzo M.Smith. Windsor Locks, G — Asahel Chapin, Charles Carter, Isaac P. Owen, David Pinney, Jr., Royal Prouty, De Witt C. Terry. NEW HAVEN COUNTY. CoM.MissiONERS — Albert B. Wildman, Guilford; Joshua Kendall, Seymour; Archibald E. Rice, Waterbury. Clerk of Courts — Alfred H. Terry, New Haven. Assistant Clerk — David J. Peck, New Haven. State Attorney — E. K. Foster, New Haven. Sheriff — Davies S. Fowler, East Haven. Deputy Sheriffs — P. N. Powell, New Haven ; Robert Gates, Derby ; Wm. S. Hull, Madison ; James E. Belden, Meriden. County Treasurer — Stephen D. Pardee. Surveyor General — James N. Palmer. ATTORNEYS AT LAV. New Haven — Roger S. Baldwin, John Beach, John S. Beach, Thomas Ben- nett, Alfred Blackman, S, C. Blackman, W. W. Boardman, Silas A. Bradley, 139 Isaac H. Bromley, Wm. B. Bristol, John D. Candee, Wilson H. Clark, N. A. Cowdrey, Frederick Croswell, Henry Dutlon, Richard Fitzgerald, Henry (J. Flagg, Eleazer K. Foster, Henry B. Harrison, John C. Hollister, Charles 11. iDgersoU, Colin M. Ingersoll, Ralph I. IngersoU, Charles Ives, Abel B. Jacocks, James D. Keese, Dennis Kimberly, Henry G. Lewis, P. N. Legendre, George Lindley, Lyman E. Munson, Arthur D. Osborne, Robert H. Osborn, Thomas B. Osborne, David J. Peek, Lucius G. Peck, Amasa G. Porter, Charles Robinson, Edward I. Sanford, Joseph Sheldon, Jr., William Stoddard, Alfred Terry, Alfred H. Terry, George H. Watrous, Henry Wiiite, Henry D. White, James A. Wood, Loren Wood, J. M. Woodward, Thomas Yeatman. Fair Haven — C. S. Bush- nell, Henry M. Miller. Cheshire — William Kelsey. Derby. — Birmingham — Wm. E. Downs, Wm. B. Wooster. Guilford — Edward R. Landon, Ralph D. Smith. Meriden — Cooke Lounsbury, D. R. Wright. West Meriden — Tilton E. Doo- little, Savillian R. Hull, Orville II. Piatt. Mlddlebury — Charles Townsend. Naugatuch — Nathan C. Peters. Seymour — W. W. Guthrie, Luzon B. Morris, Harris B. Munson. Southbury — Amos M. Johnson. Wallingford — Eli S, Ives. Waterbury — Norton J. Buel, Theodore S. Buel, Calvin H. Carter, L. S. Davies, S. A. Keeney, John Kendrick, Stephen W. Kellogg, F. J. Kingsbury, John W, Webster, Robert W. Wright. COMMISSIONERS OF SUPERIOR COURT. New Haven — John Beach, Samuel A. Blackman, Silas R. Bradley, Isaac H. Bromley, Nath. A. Cowdrey, Joseph Downs, Henry Dutton, Richard Fitzgerald, Eleazer K. Foster, Henry B. Harrison, Chas. A. Ingersoll, Charles Ives, Abel B. Jacocks, James D. Keese, Arthur D. Osborne, Luciug G. Peck, Charles Rob- inson, Alfred Terry, Alfred H. Terry, George H. Watrous, Henry White, Henry D. White, James A. Wood. Cheshire — William Kelsey. Derby — John Wallace. Guilford — Gustavus R. Elliott, Ammi Fowler, A. B. Goldsmith, Ralph D. Smith. Meriden — Savillian R. Hull, Cook Lounsbury. Milford — Selah Strong. Naugatuch — Henry A. Miller. Seymour — W. W. Guthrie, L. B. Morris. Waterbury — William Brown, L. S. Davies, Robert W. Wright. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. New Haven, 56 — Montgomery Armstrong, Abner Austin, Sidney Babcoek, William Barber, William S. Barnes, Jeremiah Barnett, Jr., John S. Beach, 140 William Beach, Benjamin Beecher, Jr., Thomas Bennett, Elmon Blakeslee, Samuel L. Blatchley, Burritt Bradley, David L. Bunnell, Curtis S. Bushnell, Sylvanus Butler, William S. Charnley, Wilson H. Clark, John T. Collis, Edwin W. Cooper, Nathaniel A. Cowdrey, Robert Craig, Frederick Croswell, Thomas W. Ensign, Franklin W. Fish, Joel B. Foote, John S. Graves, Nicholas S. Hal- lenbeck, John C. Hollister, Guy C. Hotchkiss, William S. Howarth, Charles R. IngersoU, Joel Ives, William A.Ives, William B.Johnson, Isaac Judson, David M. King, John W. Mansfield, Daniel Merrill, Allen Mix, Caleb Mix, Augustus G. Norton, John J. Osboru, Robert H. Osborn, Obadiah Pease, James Punder- ford, William A. Reynolds, Charles Ruckoldt, Edward Ryker, Edward I. San- ford, David Scranton, Alfred C. Sperry, William Stoddard, James M. Town- send, Charles R. Wheadon, Norris Willcox. Bethany, 7 — Andrew T. Hotchkiss, Guy Perkins. Branford, 8 — David Averill, John J. Bartholomew, William Blaekstone, Orin Hoadley, F. A. Holcomb, Henry Rogers, William Rogers, William Russell. Cheshire, 12 — John Barnes, Norman Beach, Thomas II. Brooks, Charles Hurd, William Kelsey, Samuel Williams. Derby, 18 — Foster P. Abbott, Jeremiah H. Bartholomew, Sheldon Bassett, George Bristol!, William B. BristoU, Jesse J.Brown, Joseph P. Canfield, Horace Casteline, Josiah M. Colburn, William E. Downs, Henry Hubbard, John Lind- ley, Almon Smith, W^illiam Smith, Watrous C. Wakelee, S'ephon J. Wilcoxson, Benjamin B. Woodford, William B. Wooster. East Haven, 9 — Reuel Andrews, William B. Goodyear, Henry Hagerman, Wyllys Hemingway, Zina Mallory, Alvan B. Rose, Stephen Smith, James Thompson, Jeremiah Woodward. Guilford, 14 — Aug. E. Bartlett, Russell Benton, John Burgis, George A. Foote, Ammi Fowler, Alva B. Goldsmith, Eber S. Hotchkiss, Alfred G. Hull, Samuel C. Johnson, Edward R. Landon, James A. Norton, Ralph D. Smith, William T, Wilcox. Hamden, 11 — George W. Bradley, Harvey Bradley, Russel H. Cooper, David Cowell, Merritt Ford, Jesse M. Mansfield, Lewis Perkins, Eli B. Smith, Loyal F. Todd, Henry Tuttle, Lewis Warner. Madison, 11 — Martin L. Dowd, Joseph W. Dudley, Elias S. Ely, John P. Hobson, Walter P. Munger. Meriden, 17— Jam'es S. Brooks, Eli Butler, Alfred P. Curtiss,Tilton E. Doo- little, Hiram Foster, Elias Howell, John Ives, Nathaniel Kellogg, Isaac C. Lewis, Asaph Merriam, H. B. Osgood, Samuel C. Paddock, John Parker, Or- ville H. Piatt, Julius Pratt, Dexter R. "Wright, Levi Yale. Middlebury, 5 — Julius Bronson, Isaac Nichols, Joseph P. Piatt, Ebenezer Smith, Warren H. Taylor. Milford, 14 — John A. Beardsley, Lucius N. Beardsley, Nelson Carrington, Anon Clark, Samuel Clark, 3d, Thomas Cornwall, Nathan C. Fowler, William Fowler, Samuel B. Gunn, De Luzerne Ilubbell, Gilbert Nettleton, Enoch B. Peck, Garritt Smith, Selah Strong. 141 Naugatuck, 9 — George W. Beach, Bennet Iline, ' ideon 0. Hotchkiss, Henry Lane, John D. Meers, Natliaa C. Peters, David Smith, Nelson Tuller, Stephen C. Warner. North Branford, 6 — F. 0. Bartholomew, Charles Foote, Julius Maltby, Ben- jamin Page, Wm. A. Reynolds, Hermon H, Williams. North Haven, 8 — Byard Barnes, Evelin Blakeslee, Elihu Dickerman, Willis B. Hemingway, George Lewis, Jesse Robinson, Ezra Stiles, Isaac L. Stiles. Orange, 9— Amos H. Ailing, Bryan Clark, William T Grant, Alpheus N. Merwin, Alexis Painter, Sidney Sperry, Dennis B. Stone, Silas Thompson, George W. Tuttle. Oxford, 10 — Henry E. Bidwell, Lewis Davis, Ransom Hudson, Calvin Lea- venworth, Stephen S. Mallett, James Ormsbee, Joel Osborn, Ephraim Smith, Abiram Ward, N. J. Wilcoxson. Prospect, 5 — Benjamin B. Brown, Bela E. Hotchkiss, David M. Hotchkiss, Lewis Turner. Seymour, 10 — David Beach, Henry Bradley, Joseph Chipman, Sheldon Church, Daniel L. Holbrook, Philo Holbrook, Luzon B. Morris, Harris B. Munson, Burton W. Smith, Charles B. Wooster. Southbury, 10 — Mitchell M. Canfield, Charles Hicock, Amos M. Johnson, Ebenezer Johnson, Cyrus Mitchell, Erastus Pierce, Simeon Piatt, Anion H. Shelton, Samuel J. Stoddard, Elislia Wheeler. Wallingford, 14 — Orrin Andrews, Wm. Carrington, Ossien Cocke, Randall Cooke, Samuel 0. Ford, Augustus Hall, Ebenezer H. Ives, Eli S. Ives, Milo Ives, Friend Johnson, Street Jones, Lorenzo Lewis, James F. Northrop, Jose|>h F. Noyes. Waterbury, 22 — Benj. II. Andrews, Bennet Ball, Leonard Bronson, Norton J. Buel, Theodore S. Buel, Calvin H. Carter, Edward B. Cooke, L. Sanford Davies, David B. Hurd, Charles W. Johnson, Seth A. Keeney, Stephen W. Kellogg, Sidney M. Layton, Henry A. Matthews, George Prltchard, Wm. H. Smith, Willard Spencer, Anson G. Stocking, Wm. H. Warner, John W. Web- ster, Nelson J. Welton, Robert W. Wright. Wolcott, 6 — George W. Carter, Henry Minor, Orrin Plumb, Dennis Pritchard, Joseph N. Sperry, Erastus W. Warner. Woodbridge, 7 — Daniel C. Augur, James J. Baldwin, Marcus E. Baldwin, Andrew Clark, Henry Hickox, Sidney Merwin, Thomas Sanford. NEW LONDON COUNTY. Commissioners — Leonard Hempstead, New London ; Edwin Fitch, Lisbon ; Uriah Ladd, Jr., Lebanon. Clerk of Courts — AVm. L. Brewer, Norwich. State Attorney — Hiram Willey, New London. Sherief — George Bliss, Norwich. Deputv Sheriffs — Bozrah, Jehiel Johnson; Colchester, John T. Bulkeley ; Groton, Henry E. Davis ; Lebanon, L. L. Huntington ; Lisbon, Hez. L. Reed : 142 Lyme, Albert H. Clark ; New London, Neli. B. Payne; Norwich, Nathan C. Chapell. Deputv Jailers — Russell Rix, Norwich ; Thomas C. Robertson, New Lon- don. County Treasurer — Benjamin F. Park, Preston. ATTORNEYS AT LAW. New London — John R. BoUes, Augustus Brandegee, Nath. A. Chapman, Robert Coit, Jr., Abiel Converse, William C. Ci'ump, George W. Goddard, An- drew C. Lippett, J. P. C. Mather, J. R. Merriam, Aaron E. Stone, Charles Turner, Hiram Willey. Norwich — John T. Adams, Charles W. Avery, "William Bond, William L. Brewer, J. F. Crocker, Hiram B. Crosby, Lafayette S. Foster, Levi H. God- dard, Jeremiah Halsey, James A. Hovey, Ebenezer Learned, Jr., Samuel C. Morgan, Albert F. Park, Edmund Perkins, George Perkins, Elisha Perry, John A. Rockwell, H. PL Starkweather, J. A. Stephens, Edmimd B. Trumbull, Joseph Williams, David Young. Norwich Town — Edward Harland, R Frank Rogers, John T. Wait, Oliver P. Wattles. Colchester — Seagrave Smith. Groton. — Mystic — Charles Sabin. Montville — J. Andrew Stephens. South Lyme — Daniel Chadwick, Charles .L McCurdy. Stonington — F. A. Palmer. Mystic— EWas Brown. COMMISSIONERS OF SUPERIOR COURT. New London — Abiel Converse. Norwich — Thomas Backus, William Bond, Wm. L. Brewer, S. T- Holbrook, James A. Hovey, Elisha Perry, Elisha F. Rogers, J. A. Stephens, E. B. Trum- bull, David Young. Bozrah — John W. Haughton. Griswold — Alexander IL Lester. Ledyard — William Morgan. Lyme — Daniel Chadwick. North Stonington — Ansel Coates. Preston — Isaac Gallup. Jewett City — A. H. Lester. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. New London, 30 — Giles Bailey, William H. Barns, John R. Bolles, Augustus Brandegee, Louis Bristol, Robert Coit, Jr., Christopher C. Comstock, William C. Crump, Joseph C. Douglass, Robert Fellows, George W. Goddard, John Grace, Charles E. Hewitt, Peter D. Irish, Daniel Lee, Andrew C. Lippett, Silas K. Mason, John P. C. Mather, John McDonald, Josephus R. Merriam, Alexander Merrill, Josiah Morgan, George Potter, President M. Rogers, Josiah 143 R. Steward, Aaron E. Stone, Lucius H. Tracy, Charles Treadway, Charles Turner, Hiram Willey. Norwich, 33 — John T. Adams, Charles "W. Avery, John Barnes, George R. Bentley, Isaac Bromley, George Case, Benjamin T. Cranston, J. F. Crocker, Hiram B. Crosby, Jared G. Dennis, Alvan Francis, Othniel Gager, Levi H. Goddard, Jeremiah Halsey, Erastus Huntington, John G. Huntington, Wm. Kelley, Ebenezer Learned, Jr., Edward H. Learned, Asa Manning, Samuel C. Morgan, Alfred F. Park, John H. Peck, George B. Ripley, Nathan Scholfield, H. H. Starkweather, Ferdinand C. Stedman, Edwin B. Trumbull, Gideon E. Wait, John T. "Wait, Oliver P. Wattles, Jacob Welden, John V. Wilson, Joseph A. Yerrington. Bozrah, 5 — John R. Comstock, Champlin Gardner, Isaac Johnson, Joshua B. Lefhngwell. Colchester, 13 — Calvin Bissell, Samuel Brown, Francis L. Carrier, Octavus Emmons, Pomeroy Hall, James Lamb, Denison Smith, Seagrave Smith, Amasa 0. Standish, John B. Staples, Charles D. Strong, Gardner Wickwire. East Lyme, 7 — Wm. H. H. Comstock, Edwin Howard, Joseph Latham, Joseph H. Latimer, John D. Otis, Horace Smith, Lyman Stewart. Franklin, 5 — Dwight Bailey, George S. Hartshorn, Dan Hastings, Amos F. Royce, Ashbel Woodward. Griswold, 11 — Nehemiah T. Adams. Stephen Barrows, Jephthah G. Bill, Benjamin F. Billings, Joel Button, Martin S. Downing, William Edmond, 2d, Welcome Green, Orrin Hinckley , Sumner Hiscox, Jr., Asa Thompson. Groton, 21 — H. C. Bridgham, Benjamin Burrows, Denison Burrows, Cod- dington Culver, Isaac W. Denison, Albert Edgecomb, Er.astus Gallup, Reuben Heath, Hiram C. Holmes, Daniel Knowles, Philo Little, Hubbard D. Morgan, Sanford A. Morgan, John Palmer, Jr., Asa Perkins, 3d, William Rice, Charles Sabin, Jabez Watrous, Jun., Russell Wells, David C. Westcott, Alonzo Williams. Lebanon, 13 — Henry H. Abell, John F. Abell, Silas P. Abell, Elias B. Avery, John Avery, Robert Brown, Edwin M. Dolbeare, Wm. A. Fuller, Learned Hebard, Griswold E. Morgan, George D. Spencer, Peleg G. Thomas, Elias L. Williams. Ledyard, 10 — Elias W. Brown, Seth Burrows, Courtland Chapman, Nehe- miah M. Callup, Luke Gallup, Ambrose Reynolds, Elisha A. Saterlee, Edmund Spicer, Guy C. Stoddard, Seabury Thomas. Lisbon, 5 — Sanford Bromley, Eleazer Bushnell, Jared B. Fillmore, George J. Lawton, Robert K. Mathewson. Lyme, 1 — Marsh E. Anderson, Zebulon Broekway, William Hall, William Marvin, Marshfield S. Parker, Thaddeus K. Raymond, Samuel S. Warner, John Wood. Montville, 10 — Norman B. Church, Moses F. Dart, John Fellows, John P. Fitch, William Fitch, William Patten, Milford C. Raymond, Arnold Rudd, Alvin G. Smith, Thomas B. Williams. 144 North Stonington, W — George C. Brown, Russel B. Coats, Joseph Frink, Wm. M. Ilillard, Robert Y. Latham, Sanforcl Maine, Leland D. Miner, Robert Palmer, Heni-y Prentice, William Vincent, Charles P. White. Preston, 10 — Dwight V\^ Cook, Henry Haskell, Henry B. Rude, Isaac Wil- liams. Salem, 5 — Israel Beck with, David G. Gates, David P. Otis, Oliver W. Sisson. South Lyme, 7 — William Beckwith, Robert M. Champion, Augustus Clark, James Griswold, Charles J, McCurdy, Charles L. Molley, Eleazer Peck. Stonington, 22 — Elias Brown, Benjamin F. Collins, Gurdon S. Crandall, Thomas W. Davis, Elisha Faxon, Asa Fish, Pitts D. Frink. Oliver B. Grant, Thomas S. Greenman, Horace R. Hall, Benjamin B. Hewitt, Mason C. Hill, Benjamin F. Langworthy, John D. Noyes, Joshua Noyes, Jr., Nathan S. Noyes, Benjamin F. Palmer, Franklin A. Palmer, Harris Pendleton, Jr., Elias P. Randall, Francis Sheffield, Giles C. Smith. Waterford, 12 — Ezekiel Austin, Isaac R. Avery, Joseph Avery, Gurdon T. Ghappell, Thomas Chester, Leonard Crocker, Nehemiah Daniels, Edmund Darrow, Lewis Parks, David B. Sexton, Ezekiel C. Smith, Oliver Woodworth. FAIRFIELD COUNTY. Commissioners — George Keeler, Bridgeport ; William A. Hoyt, Daubury ; Nathan Wilcox, Norwalk. Clerk of Courts — Amos S. Treat, Bridgeport. Assistant Clerk — Henry T. Blake, Bridgeport. St.\te Attorney — Orris S. Ferry, Norwalk. Treasurer — Oliver Stone, Dan bury. Sheriff — Philo W. Jones, Westport. Deputy Sheriffs — Bridgeport. Charles Keeler, Wyatt C. Marsh ; Danbury, Charles F, Starr ; Fairfield, Horace Banks ; New Fairfield, E. H. Beardsley ; Newtown, Henry B. Glover ; Norwalk, Stephen Raymond; Redding, Thomas B. Fanton ; Ridgefield, Samuel Scott ; Stamford, Hezekiah Buckley ; West- port, Josiah Raymond. Deputy Jailers — John B. Raymond, Danbury ; JohnM. Wilson, Bridgeport. Deputy Surveyor — Harvey Smith, Ridgefield. ATTORNEYS AT LAW. Bridgeport — E. S. Abernethy, S. B. Beardsley, Henry T. Blake, Francis Chambers, Frederick Chittenden, Walter S. Cowles, Frederick Frye, David F. Hollister, Francis Ives, James C Loomis, L. N. Middlebrook, Dwight Morris, William H. Noble, William K. Seeley, Isaac M. Sturges, Amos S. Treat, George W. Warner. Danbury — Roger Averill, William F. Taylor, Nelson L. White. Bethel — Edward Taylor. Brookfield — Ebenezer Blaekman, Bryant Smith. 145 Easton — Daniel Wakeman. Greenwich — Julius B. Curtis, Daniel M. Mead. Neictown — David B. Beers, Daniel H. Belden. Nonoalk — Thomas B. Butler, Josiah M, Carter, George R. Cowles, George A. Davenport, Joseph R Foote, Orris S. Ferry. Sherman — Levi Hungerford. Stamford — Joshua B. Ferris, Sharles Ilawlej'-, William T. Minor, James H. Olmstead, Ritoh Gardner, Truman Smith. Trumbull — James L. Gould. Westport — Myron L. Mason, M. W. Wilson. Wilton — George A. Davenjiort. COMMISSIONERS OF SUPERIOR COURT. Fairfield — John Gould. Bridgeport — E. S. Abernethy, S. B. Beardsley, Henry T. Blake, Francis Chambers, Frederick Chittenden, Walter S. Cowles, Frederick Frye, James L. Gould, David F. Holli^ter, Francis Ives, James C. Loomis, K L. Middlebrook, Dwight Morris, William H. Noble, Isaac M. Sturges, Amos S. Treat, George W. Warner. Danbury — Nelson L. White, Edward Taylor, William F. Taylor. Brookfield — Bryant Smith. Greenwich — Julius B. Curtis, Daniel M. Mead. Newtown — David B. Beers. Sherman — Levi Hungerford. Stamford — William T. Minor. Trumbull — Ira Nichols. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Fairfield, 18 — Joseph Alvord, Joseph Banks, John Banks, Rufus Blakeman, Henry Bradley, David M. Bunker, John Burr, Morris Gould, Ebenezer Jesup, Albert W. Knapp, Levi Lyon, John J. Morehouse, Allen Nichols, Samuel A. Nichols, Abraham B. Sherwood, John H. Sherwood, Robert Wilson, Jr., Alva D. Wood. Bridgeport, 27— Elisha S. Abernethy, James W. Beardsley, Edson Camp, Frederick Chittenden, Burr Curtiss, Matthew Curtias, Ira Gregory, Adam P. Houston, Charles B. Hubbell, Giles 0. Keeler, James C. Loomis, William Moody, Russell Morgan, Dwight Morris, Roswell S. Nichols, WilHam IL No- ble, E. A. Parrott, Noah Plumb, Joseph Seeley, William K. Seeley Isaac Sher- man, Aaron B. Sherwood, William G. Stevenson, John Stillman, Aaron Sum- mers, Isaac N. Sturgis, William Way. Danbury, 11 — John Armstrong, Roger Averill, Ezra P. Bennett. Samuel Gregory, Aaron E. Hoyt, Thomas J. Hoyt, Martin Mead, Samuel Morris, Wa- ters F. Olmsted, Charles Rider, Nathan Sellick, Pierre A. Sutton, Henry Tay- 10 146 lor, William F. Taylor, Amzi Wheeler, Ebenezer R. Whittlesey, Iliram B. Wiklman. Bethel, 1 — Cyrus S. Andrews, Willis Judd, Russell Laoey, Lemuel Patchen, Charles Peck, Edward Taylor, Benjamin Temple. Brookfield, 7 — Ebenezer Blackman, Zalmon Goodsell, William H. Lake, Curlis Morris, William A. Randall, Zar Starr, Edwin G. Turrell. Larien, 8 — Anthony Klopfer, George Mather, Joseph B. Mather, Henry Morehouse. Easton, 8 — John S. Adams, Moses Burr, Edwin Godfrey, John S. Rowland, Floyd Tucker, George Wheeler, Isaac P. Wheeler, Bradford Winton. Greenwich, 21 — Joseph Brush, Charles S. Burley, Gideon Close, George Derby, William A. Ferris, Daniel M. Griffin, Benjamin F. Hensted, Conklin Hensted, Ezra Keeler, Arad Knapp, William L. Lyon, Augustus Mead, Drake Mead, Titus Mead, Augustus R. Newman, William Newman, Samuel Peck, Joseph E. Russell, Minot S. Scofield, James Wilson, John B. Wilson. Huntington, 1 — Eli N. Baldwin, Stephen Beardslee, William L. Bennett, Or- ville Booth, John C. Buckingham, Roswell Hurd, William A. Judson. Monroe, 8 — Charles B. Clarke, Charles W. Curtiss, Henry A. Lane, Henry Lewis, John Powell, Nathan W. Seeley, David Wells. New Canaan, 14 — Watts Comstock, Alfred Raj'mond, William E. Raymond, Samuel C. Silliman, Jr.. William St. John, Sellick Y. St. John, Wm. L. Warring. New Fairfield, 5 — Alonzo Bigelow, Edwin Hodge, Medad R. Kellogg, Alva S. Pearce, Francis D. S. Wanzer. Newtown, 17 — David B, Beers, Isaac Beers, Lemuel Beers, David H. Belden, James Blackman, Carlos B. Booth, George Botsford, Walter Clark, Samuel Fairchild, David B. Ilawley, William Hinman, Ezra Morgan, Eli I. Morriss, Theophilus Nichols, David Sanford, Botsford Terrill, Charles C. Warner. Norwalk, 20— William H. Benedict, A. Homer Byington, Samuel R. P. Camp, Josiah M. Carter, George R. Cowles, Orris S. Ferry, Joseph F. Foote, Thomas B. Griffith, Joseph P. Hanford, Jr., Joseph W. Hubbell, Daniel K. Nash, Har- vey Pennoyer, Walter C. Quintard, George II. Randle, Stephen Raymond, Samuel Richards, William IT. Seymour, Silas P. Tuttle, John A. Weed, Mat- thew Wilcox. Reddi7ig, 9 — Aaron L. Adams, Harry Meeker, Cortes Merchant, Jared 01m- stead, Francis A. Sanford, James Sanford, Lemuel Sanford, Turney Sanford, Ebenezer Wilson. Ridgefieldy 12 — William W. Beers, Gam'l .N. Benedict, Jesse L. Benedict, Robert C. Edmonds, James Flynn, Ebenezer Hawley, Bradley H. Hull, George Keeler, William Lee, Hiram 0. Nash, Eli Rockwell, Iliram K. Scott. Sherman, 5 — Frederick Edwards, David D. Hoag, Joel C. Joyce, Levi Leach, Joseph T. Seeley. Stamford, 21— Charles Brown, David H. Clark, Walter S. Clawson, John Dean, Joshua B. Ferris, N. D. Ilaight, Charles Ilawley, Alexander N. Holly, James H. Hoyt, William A. Hoyt, Isaac S. Jones, Joshua Knajip, Samuel 14V Lockwood, Jr., George Lounsbury, James H. Olmstead, Floyd T. Palmer, Wil- liam H. Potts, Stephen P. Provost, Josiali Smith, Smith Weed, E. P. Whitney. Stratford, 11 — Sellick Batterson, Beard Blakeman, Stephen S. Booth. Trumbull, V — Hall Beardslee, Samuel Beardslee, James L. Gould, David Ilawley, Roger S. Mallett, James K. Nichols, Birdsey B. Plumb. Weston, 6 — George Bulkley, Matthew Bulkley, David Patchen, Edgar Scribner, Moses D. Tread well, Wakeman W. Whitlock. Westport, 14 — Aaron B. Adams, Lyman Banks, Daniel Burr, David S. Burr, George L. Cable, Louson Coley, Edwin Disbrow, Bradley Goodsell, John Goodsell, Theodore Kellogg, Myron L. Mason, Alfred Taylor, Edward I. Tay- lor, Moses W. Wilson. Wilton, 11 — George A. Davenport, Lockwood K. Ferris, Aaron B. Hull, John Jackson, Charles Marvin, Thomas F. Rockwell, Samuel Scott, Theodore L. Sturges, William H. Taylor, Augustus Whitlock. WINDHAM COUNTY. Commissioners— John S. Dean, Eastford; Nelson Morse, Woodstock ; Amos J. Gallup, Sterling. Clerk of Courts — Uriel Fuller, Brooklyn. Assistant Clerk — Thomas Gray, Windham. State Attorney — Elisha Carpenter, West Killingly. Sheriff — David Greenslit, Hampton. Deputy Sheriffs— Ashford, John A. Murphey ; Canterbury, Joseph P. Les- ter ; Killingly, John E. Short ; Putnam, Prescott May ; Willimantic, C. H. Davidson ; Woodstock, Luther E. Rawson. Deputy Jailer — John S. Searls, Brooklyn. County Treasurer — Edwin Newbury, Brooklyn. Deputy Surveyor — John W. Trowbridge, Eastford. ATTORXEYS AT LAW. Windham— KMvedi A. Burnhara, Edwards Clarke, Thomas Gray, Calvin Hibbard. Willimantic— 3oe\ R. Arnold, J. H. Carpenter, Joseph A. Welch. Brooklyn — Uriel Fuller, Daniel P. Tyler, Jonathan A. Welch. Ashford — Jared D. Richmond. Hampton — C. F. Cleveland. West Killingly — Elisha Carpenter, Earl Martin. Plainfield.— Central FiZ/a^re— William Dyer, John J. Penrose. Pomfret. — Ahington — John Holbrook. Putnam — Harrison Johnson, Gilbert W. Phillips. Thompson — Thomas E. Graves. Woodstoch-Jxx^aorx M. Lyon, G. S. F. Stoddard. West Woodstock— io\m F. Williams. 148 COMMISSIONERS OF SUPERIOK COURT. Brooklyn — Samuel Webb. Ashford — John Dean. Canterbury — Enoch Waldo. Eastford — John B. Adams, Uriah B. Carpenter. Pla'mjield — John J. Penrose. Putnam — Harrison Johnson, Gilbert W. Phillips. Sterling — Amos J. Gallup. Thompson — J. M. Perrin, Thomas E. Graves, Jeremiah Olney. Woodstock— GeoTge S. F. Stoddard, J. M. Lyon, Caleb May. North Wood- stock— ?Q\(^g C. Child. West Woodstock— iohn F. Williams. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Windham, 20— Joel R. Arnold, Lloyd E. Baldwin, William Barrows, Alfred A. Burnham, Thomas Campbell, Jairus IL Carpenter, Charles Fitch, David L. Fuller, Pearl B. Fuller, Jeptha Geer, Thomas Gray, Whiting Ilayden, Calvin Hibbard, Alfred Kinne, Stowell Lincoln, John Palmer, Zephaniah Palmer, XL S. Walcott William Wales, H. B. Weaver. Brooklyn, 10 — Benjamin Brown, Edward L Crandall, William Day, Uriel Fuller, William H. Putnam, Aaron H. Storrs, Daniel P. Tyler, Jonathan A. Welch, Nathan Witter, Jr., David Woodward. Ashford, 8 — Horatio Amidon, Ebenezer Chaffee, Henry 11. Piatt, James Richmond, Jared D. Richmond, Benjamin C. Simmons, James J. Slade, Stephen Whiton. ' Canterbury, 10 — Waterman Brown, Calvin H. Farnham, John Francis, Mar- vin H. Sanger. Chaplin, 6 — Morris Church, Ephraim W. Day, Nathan Griggs, Allen Lin- coln, James Martin. Eastford, 7 — Zechariah N. Allen, Zuinglius Bullard, Whitman Chamberlin, Joseph B, Latham, Lorenzo Lyon, John E. Stoddard, PhilanderTrowbridge. Hampton, 6 — William Brown, Jesse Burnham, Dyer Hughes, Nathan B. Jackson, Andrew M. Litchfield, Henry G. Taintor. KiUingly, 20— William Alexander, Mowry Amsbury, Ephraim Bacon, Au- gustus Bassett, Edwin H. Bugbee, James W. Bullock, Fenner Burlingame, Elisha Carpenter, Sampson B. Covil, H. N. Danielson, Amasa Dowe, Thomas J. Evans, Henry Hutchins, William B. Knight, Pairis M. Law, Earl Martin, William H. Oatley, Almond M. Paine, John D. Rood, Lysander Warren. Plainfield, 15 — W. A. Atkins, Benjamin Bacon Fenner L. Boss, Gurdon P. Brown, Aaron A. Crary, George Duulap, William Dyer, William S. Hopkins, Joseph Hutchens, John W. Kennedy, Samuel D. Millett, Herbert Packhurst, John Rood, William Shepard, John Thurston. Pomfret, 10 — Charles Burton, Jared ChoUar, William Field, Winthrop O. Green, Charles L Grosvener, John K. Holbrook, George B. Mathewson, George Randall, Jr., Robert D. Sharpe, Calvin D. Williams. 149 Putnam, 8 — James Allen, Hiram N. Brown, Moses Chandler, "Welcome Pet- tis, Henry C. Rej'nolds, Horace Seamans, Daniel D. Torrey, Warren W. White. Sterling, 6 — Archibald Douglas, John Gallup, George Tillinghast. Thompson, 20 — Amasa Cooman, John M'Gregor, Samuel P. Tucker. Volunfown, 6 — Benjamin Gallup, Jr., Isaac C. Edwards, Samuel Gates, Charles H. Kinney, Elisha Potter, William C. Stanton. Woodstock, 17 — Asa K. Bruce, Lewis Chamberlin, Asa T. Child, Ezra Child, Samuel N. Fenner, James Herindeen, Zenas Marcy, Abiel May, John M'Clellan, Jr., Arnold B. Medbury, Asa Morse, Jr., Nelson Morse, George A. Paine, John Paine, Erasmus Rawson, Charles D. Smith, Benjamin Work. LITCHFIELD COUNTY. County Commissioners — Leman W. Cutler, Watertown ; Daniel R. Spauld- ing, Canaan ; Nelson Roberts, Torrington. Clerk of Courts — Frederick D. Beeman, Litchfield. Assistant Clerk — Charles Adams, Litchfield. State Attorney — Charles F. Sedgwick, Sharon. Sheriff — Leverett W. Wessells, Litchfield. Deputy Sheriffs — Canaan, Albert N. Beach ; Cornwall, J. P. Brewster ; Falls Village, J. N. Wilcox ; Kent, C. B. Beach ; Litchfield, J. E. Sedgwick ; New Hartford, W. S. Seymour; New Milford, Levi S. Knapp; Plymouth, James H. Beach ; Salisbury, Philip Rockefeller ; Washington, W. D. Sperry ; Watertown, W. B. Ilotchkiss; Woodbury, Henry Miner. Deputy Jailer — John E. Sedgwick County Treasurer — Charles L. Webb. ATTORNEYS AT LAW. Litchfield — Seth P. Beers, Frederick D. Beeman, Henry B. Graves, George A. Hickox, Gid. H. Hollister, J. H. Hubbard, Edward W. Seymour, 0. S. Sey- mour, Geo. C. Woodruff. Barkhamsted. — Hitchcockville — Hiram Goodwin, Wm. L. Ransom. Canaan — Miles T. Granger. East Canaan — John Elmore. Falls Village — George W. Peet. Cornwall. — West — Birdseye Baldwin, George Wheaton. Harwinton — Abijah Catlin. Kent — Rufus Fuller. New Hartford — Merritt Bronson, Jared B. Foster. New Milford— S&mwel D. Orton, Henry S. Sanford, John S. Turrill, 0. A. G. Todd. Norfolk— Wm. K. Peck. Plymouth — Ammi Giddings. Salisbury — Donald J. Warner. Lakeville — John H. Russell, Benjamin H. Wheeler. Lime Rock — James Ensign. 150 Sharon — C. F. Sedgwick, Richard Smith, E. S. Stoddard, Jr. Torrington. — Wolcottville — Henry S. Barbour. Watertown — George L. Fields. Winchester. — Winsied — Gideon Hall, Roland Hitchcock. Woodbury — Wm. Cothren, Charles Phelps. COMMISSIONERS OF SUPERIOR COURT. Litchfield — Frederick D. Beeman, John H. Hubbard, Payne K. Kilbourn, Edward W. Seymour. Barkhamstcd — Lester Loomis, Charles P. Lyman. Hitchcockville — Wm. L. Ransom. Colebrook — Edward Carrington. Cornwall — George Wheaton. West Cornwall — Birdsey Baldwin. Goshen — Joseph L Gaylord. New Hartford — Merritt Bronson, Wait Garret, Stephen D. Mann, Carlos Holcomb. New J/i(/bri— Henry 3. Sanford, Oliver A. G. Todd, John S. Turrell. Roxhury — Albert N. Hodge. Salisbury — John G. Mitchell, John H. Russell, W. R. Whittlesey. Watertown — George L. Fields. Woodbury — William Cothren. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Litclifield — Charles 0. Belden, William Bissell, Chester C. Goslee, Henry B. Graves, George Guernsey, Levi Heaton, George A. Hickox, Gideon H. Hollis- ter, Edward Hopkins, Abner Landon, Garry H. Miner, Alanson J. Pickett, Edward Pierpont, Edward W. Seymour, Abraham C. Smith, George A. Smith, Daniel Stoddard, Hugh P. Welch, Tomlinson Wells, George C. Woodruff, Everett H. Wright. Barkliamsted, 8 — Hira Case, Hart Doolittle, Hiram Goodwin, Merlin Mer- rill, Josiah H. Sage, Joseph Shephard, Auson Wheeler, Daniel Youngs. Bethlem, 5 — Abraham Beecher, Samuel L. Bloss, Henry W. Peck, Marvin S. Todd. Bridgewater, 5 — Sherman Peck, Glover Sanford, Nelson D. Trowbridge, Dun- ning Babbitt, Grant Northrop. Canaan, 14 — Jonathan Bates, Hiram Briggs, John Elmore, Sidney Ensign, Miles T. Granger, Ezekiel S. Haskins, Henry Ives, Chai-les Kellogg, Harvey Lawrence, William S. Marsh, George W. Peet, Benjamin F. Tobej', Wesley Trescott, Horatio N. Wetherell. Colebrool, 1 — Watson Bidwell, Henry L. Lincoln, Reuben Rockwell, Rufus Seymour, John Spencer, John H. Stanwood, Asa White. Cornwall, 11 — Obadiah Bierce, John Catlin, Hiram G. Dean, Theodore S. Gold, John R. Harrison, Myron Harrison, Nathan Hart, Jr., William Hind- man, Wm. C. Rogers, Amos Taylor, Anson Rogers. 151 Goshen, 8 — Watts H. Brooks, Amos Davidson, Abner Gilbert, H. Milton Hart, Julius I. Merwin, Samuel II. Merwin, Stephen Roberts, Moses L.Thomp- son. Harwinton, 7 — Augustus Alfred, Abijah Catlin, Lewis Catlin, Augustus S. Johnson, Sheldon Osborn, Lewis Smith, Chai'les Wilcox. Ke7it, 10 — Abijah H. Beach, Ebben H. Burroughs, Miles Camp, Rufus Ful- ler, John M. Pratt, John M. Raymond, Moses Smith, William Treat, Harvey Tuvrell, John Wilson. New Hartford, 14 — John S. Baker, Merritt Bronson, Jerry Burwell, An- drew Clark, Jr., Jared B. Foster, Joseph G. Goodwin, Orris Griggs, Gurdon W. Henderson, James F. Henderson, Henry Jones, Edward Kellogg, John P. Kellogg, John L. Purrington, William Watson. New Milford, 20 — Canfield P. Bennett, Hiram Bissell, Whiting Bradley, Charles Buckingham, Royal Davis, Eugene Ferriss, Noah W. Hatch, Albert S. Hill, George M'Mahon, Sylvanus Merwin, Samuel D. Orton, Charles Ran- dall, Truman Richmond, Anson Squires, Harvey Stone, Derrick Tibbitts. Norfolk, 9— Thomas T. Cowles, Henry J. Holt, David Ilotchkiss, Horace B. Knapp, Samuel D. Northway, William K. Peck, Korman Riggs, Francis B. Smith, Nathaniel B. Stevens. Plymouth, 13 — Henry Atwater, Norman Atwater, Sereno Gaylord, Ammi Giddings, George W. Gilbert, Apollos Markham, Miles Morse, Edwin Tal- madge, Oliver Smith, Seth Thomas, Jr., Hermon Warner, Aaron D. Wells, Cor. R. Williams. Roxhury, 6 — Charles Beardsley, Herman B. Eastman, Aaron W. Fenn, Albert L. Hodge, Harvey Thomas, Ilubbell Whitehead. Salisbury, 16 — Calvin S. Barnes, Charles E. Botsford, Nelson M. Brown, Birdsey N. Burch, George B. Burrall, Daniel S. Clapp, James Ensign, Peter P. Everts, Robert N. Fuller, John Landon, Philander G. Merritt, Chancellor Monroe, Lot Norton, Leonard Richardson, Donald J. Warner, Walter R. Whittlesey. Sharon, 13 — Cyrus W. Gray, Charles F. Sedgwick, Richard Smith, Elia'm S. Stoddard, Jr., William Stone, Norman E. Wheeler. Torrington, 10 — Henry S. Barbour, Allen G. Brady, William H. Coe, Stan- ley Griswold, Charles Hotchkiss, Phineas North, Nelson Roberts, Thomas A. Starks, Samuel J. Stocking, Harlow Tyler. Warren, 6 — Julius W. Bement, Buel Carter, George Hays, Martin B. Strong, George P. Tallmadge. Washington, 10 — Frederick Beardsley, Daniel Burnham, Guy C. Ford, Powell Iliekox, Simeon H. Mitchell, Joel Morehouse, Isaac D. Patterson, Ed- ward .J. Pond, J. Sherman Titus, David C. Whittlesey. Watertown, 8 — Russell S. Beers, Leman W. Cutler, Abraham B. Everett. Winchester, 12 — Rollin L. Beecher, Jonathan Blake, John Boyd, Theron Bronson, Samuel W. Coe, Wm. B. Dickerman, Wm. L. Gilbert, Gideon Hall, Roland Hitchcock, Hiram Perkins, Sylvester Piatt, Erastus S. Woodford. 152 Woodbury, 11 — Leman G. Atwood, Garwood H. At wood, David C. Bacon, Thomas Bull, Silas Chapin, William Cothren, Calvin H. Downs, Reuben H. Hotchkiss, Lewis Judd, Charles B. Phelps, David C. Somers. MIDDLESEX COUNTY. Commissioners — Eli Warner, Chester ; Watson Davis, Joseph U. Holmes. Clerk of Courts — Arthur B. Calef, Middletown. State Attorney — Waldo P. Vinal, Middletown. Treasurer — Elihu Spencer, Middletown. Sheriff — Harris B. Buit, Killingworth. Deputy Sheriffs — Cromwell, E. B. Beaumont ; Deep River, Charles W. Snow; East lladdam, Daniel Bulkley; Middletown, H. D. Cornwall; Middle- town, E. H. Hubbard; Haddam, D. AV. Blatchley; Portland, George W. Pettis. Deputy Jailers — Jas. H. Spencer, Middletown ; A. J. Sherman, Haddam. Deputy Surveyor — Ebenezer B. White, Portland. ATTORNEYS AT LAW. Middletown — Jonathan Barnes, Norman L. Brainerd, Arthur B. Calef, Wal- ter S. Carter, Moses Culver, Seth P. Holway, John H. Newton, Gideon Pal- mer, Noah A. Phelds, Elihu Spencer, Charles C. Tyler, Waldo P. Vinal, Samuel L. Warner. Haddam — Smith Clark. Chatham. — Middle Haddam — Linus Parmelee. East Haddam — T. Clarke, John A. Kilborn. Essex — Samuel Ingham, James Phelps, S. AV. Starkey. Portland — Alfred Hall, Samuel L. Warner. Saybrook. — Deep River — N. A. Starkey. Centre Brook — Henry L. Pratt. COMMISSIONERS OF SUPERIOR COURT, Middletown — Walter S. Carter, Moses Culver, Waldo P. Vinal, Samuel L. Warner. Haddam — Smith Clark. Chatham — Linus Parmelee. Chester — Jonathan Warner. East Haddam — I. T. Clarke, Joseph U. Holmes, John A. Kilborn. Saybrook — N. A. Starkey. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Middleto^vn, 32 — Samuel S. Allison, Jonathan Barnes, Norman L. Brainard, Arthur B. Calef, Walter S. Carter, Horace Clark, Joel M. Clark, William Douglas, Clark Elliott, Seth P. Holway, Alfred Hubbard, Charles Hubbard, Elijah S. Hubbard, Joseph R. Johnson, Wellington G. Johnson, Joseph E. 153 Lathrop, John Markham, Timothy D. Marvin, David B. Miller, Harvey Miller, Stephen Miller, Solomon Miner, Henry Paddock, Sherman Roherts, Edwin Scovill, Elihu Spencer, E. W. N. Starr, Gideon H. Sweet, William J. Trench, Charles C. Tyler, Lot D. Vansands, Harvey Ward. Haddam, 14 — Cornelius Brainerd, George S. Brainerd, Heber Brainerd, Aaron Burr, Jonathan H. Burr, Comfort Cone, Arsa Dickinson, Alhum 0. Hubbard, Ira H. Payne, Elias Selden, Jesse Spencer, Smith Ventres, Warren S. Williams. Chatham, 9 — Alexander Bailey, Anson Carpenter, John Markham, Timothy R. Markham, Martin Roberts, Nathaniel C. Smith, Braddock Strong, Charles A. Strong, Oliver West, Jr. Chester, 6 — Socrates Denison, Samuel P. Russell, Joseph E. Silliman, Philip S. Webb. Clinton, 8 — George E. ElHott, John R. Farnham, George B. Hillard, Oliver B. Hull, Aaron G. Hurd, John D. Leffiugwell, Russell Stannard, Charles Stevens. Cromwell, 8 — Bulkley Edwards, Joseph Edwards, Abial S. Gear, Horace Hubbard, Sherman Morgan, Justus Stocking, Lorenzo II. Treat, Marvin R. Warner. Durham, 7 — Joseph Chedsey, Frederick T. Elliott, Frederick S. Field, Erastus Jones, Miles Merwin, Jr., Samuel Newton, Wm. Woodworth. East Haddam, 16 — Samuel Arnold, Julius Atwood, Charles E. L. Brockway, Israel D. Burnham, Lucien B. Carver, Jonathan 0. Cone, William H. Cone, Selden Cook, George Gates, Johu A. Kilburn, Lewis M. Hilliard, Edmund Smith, James E. Swan. Essex, 8 — Sidney Bushnell, Josiah Gladding, John L. Parker, James Phelps, Stephen W. Starkey, Arson R. Tooker, Richard P. Williams. Killingworth, 7 — Leander R. Blatchlej', Josejjh J. Buell, Henry Hull, Wyllys D. Kelsey, Abner Parmelee. Old Sayhrook, 6 — William J. Clark, Henry Hart. Portland, 18 — Alfred Hall, Russell Hopkins, Hiram A. Penfield, Enoch Sage, Rufus Sears, Amos Simpson, Sylvester Stocking, John L. Thompson, Samuel L. Warner, Edward C. Whitemore. Sayhrook, V — John H. Bushnell, Giles 0. Clark, Samuel M. Comstock, John Denison, John Marvin, Selden M. Pratt, Nathaniel A. Starkey. Westbrook, 8 — Gustavus A. Chapman, Alfred Chittenden, George C. Moore, Henry M. Stannard, Reuben Stannard, Isaac N. Spencer. TOLLAND COUNTY. Commissioners — Wm. A. Foster, Stafford ; Samuel F. West, Columbia ; Daniel P. Sprague, Andover. Clerk of Courts — Joseph Bishop, Tolland. State Attorney — John H. Brockway, Ellington. Sheriff — Wm. A. Foster, Tolland County. 154 Deputy Sherifft — George Talcott, Rockville, Edwin B. Cbambetlin, North Coventry, and Lorenzo G. Winter, Stafford. Deputy Jailer — Josiah Griggs, Tolland. County Treasurer — Clark Holt, Tolland. Deputy Surveyor — Daniel T. Crawford, Union. ATTORNEYS AT LAW. Tolland— Alvan V. Hyde. Ellington — John H. Brockway. Hebron — Ralph Gilbert. Somers — Solomon Fuller, Jr., Walter R. Kibbe. SUtfford—}.\ aUon R. West, Asa WiUey. Vernon. — Rockville — Benz. H. Bill, F. W. Perry. COMMISSIONERS OF SUPERIOR COURT. Tolland — Oliver K. Isham. Bolton — Nathan S. Maine. Ifansjield— Joseph B. Merrow. Rockville—^. H. Bill. Somers — Walter R. Kibbe. Stafford— M. R. West. Union — J. W. Crawford. JUSTICES OF THE PEACE. Tolland, 12 — Joseph Bishoji, Ashbel Chapman, Sherman Chapman, George Eaton, Wm. L. Edgerton, Chauncey Griggs, Ralph R. Griggs, Daniel Grover, 2d, George D. Hastings, Alvan F. Hyde, George H. Kingsbury, Henry W. West. Andover, 6 — Leonard Hendee, Horace J. Jones, Nathan E. Lyman, Gurley Phelps, John S. Topliff, Wheeler Williams. Bolton, 6 — Job T. Carpenter, Collins Maine, Samuel Rnggles, Sanford Steele, Amos Wakefield, E. K. Williams. Columbia, 6 — Septemus Loomer, William Osborn, Gilbert Potter, 2d, Asaliel O. Wright, John S. Yeomans, Sanford Yeomans. Coventry, 15 — Elijah Babcock, Uriah Brigham, Andrew K. Brown, Lucius Clark, Timothy Dimock, Edward H. Dow, Joseph N. Dow, Ralph Flint, Edward G. Huntington, Charles Kingsbury, Erastus Kingsbury, Joseph P. Loomis, Eli G. Turney, John Wright. Ellington, 9 — John H. Brockway, Darius Crane, Hei'man C. Griswold, Ben- jamin Pinney, Jr., Nelson Pinney, Stephen O. Russell, Ariel Slafter, William Thrall, Wyllys Thrall. Hebron, 11 — Jehiel Annable, Ezra L. Backus, Thomas L. Brown, Anson Chappel, P. H. L. Cheesbrough, Ralph Gilbert, Hasael Gott, Samuel R. Jones, Royal L. Phelps, George Strong, Hubbard J. Watrous. 155 3fansfield, 16 — Jolm N. Barrows, Ebenezer Dunham, John Dunham, 2d, Isaac D. Freeman, Erastus Hanks, Lathrop II. Hooker, Dwight Huntington, Evans Parish, Nathan Preston, Austin T. Southwick, Royal Storrs. Somers, 10 — Ansel Arnold, Solomon Billings, Jr., Nathan Burlingame, Solomon FuUei", Jr. , Erasmus E. Hamilton, Amariah Kibbe, Daniel Welch' Gaius Wood, Orson Wood, Marcus Woodward. Stafford, 19 — Lyman Colburn, Leonard G. Cummings, Zina W. Ellis, John L. Fairman, Abraham Francis, Alvah Francis, Clark II. Grant, Moses B. Harvey, Edward G. Hyde, Lemuel Ingals, Milton Leonard, Rufus J. Leonard, Ira H. Lewis, Rufus G. Piuney, Chester Scripture, Anson Spelman, William F. Talcott, John R. Washburn, Mahlon R. West, Asa Willey. Union, 6 — George D. Colburn, Ebenezer Lindsey, Amasa Morse, Chauncey Paul, Abijah Sessions. Vernon, 18 — Thaddeus C. Bruce, Dwight A. Loomis, Francis M'Lean, Jr., Frank W. Perry, Samuel S. Talcott, J. Talcott, Allyn Talcott. Willington, 10 — Otis Dimock, Willard Fuller, Lewis Harwood, Lucien Holt, Leander Hull, Gideon N. Merrick, Harvey Merrick, Charles P. Rider, Robert Sharp, Joseph Sparks. COMMISSIONEHS OF DEEDS IN CONNECTICUT, FOR OTHER STATES. The following are all the names we have been able to obtain. Any omis- sions will be supplied another year, so far as names ai-e furnished to the pub- lisher. Bridgeport — James C. Loomis and William H. Noble, New York ; Dwight Morris, Georgia; Henry T. Shelton, South CaroUna ; G. W. W^aruer, Wis- consin. Essex— Z&mes Phelps, New York. Hartford — H. H. Barbour, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri; Richard G. Drake, Massachusetts; Edward Goodman, New Hampshire, New Jersey, Michigan, Wisconsin, Missouri, Pennsylvania, California, Louisiana, Massa- chusetts, Minnesota, Florida and Texas ; Wait N. Hawley, Massachusetts and New Jersey ; James H. Holcomb, New York and Pennsylvania; John Hooker, Michigan, Wisconsin and Indiana ; R. D. Hubbard, New York ; Benning Mann, Louisiana and New Hampshire ; William N. Matson, New York and Michigan ; Lucius F. Robinson, Pennsylvania ; Erastus Smith, Massachusetts, Vermont, Pennsylvania, Ohio and Alabama ; Z. A. Storrs, New York; Seth Terry, Vermont ; James C. Walkley, Michigan, Iowa and Alabama; Henry K. W. Welch, Massachusetts, New York, Ohio, Iowa, Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Pennsylvania and Alabama ; Martin Welles, Illinois. Harwinton — Abijah Catlin, Georgia. Litchfield — P. K. Kilbourn, Pennsylvania; F. D. Beeman, New York. 156 Middletown — Jonathan Barnes, New York and Massachusetts; Arthur B. Calef, Pennsylvania; Wahlo P. Vinal, Michigan. Neio Haven — William B. Bristol, New York and Ohio ; John D. Candee, Iowa; Eleazer K. Foster, New York; George Lindley, Missouri ; Lyman E. Munson, for most of the States ; David J. Peck, Pennsylvania, Michigan and Wisconsin ; Lucius G. Peck, Ohio ; William A. Reynolds, New York; Charles Robinson, New York and Maine; Edward I. Sanford, Michigan and Wiscon- sin ; Alfred Terry, Pennsylvania; William W. Whiting, Ohio; James M, Woodward, Massachusetts. New London — George W. Goddard, John P. C. Mather, New York. New Milford — Henry S. Sanford. Norfolk — William K. Peck, New Mexico. Norwich — Charles J. Lanman, Ebenezer Learned, Jr., George Perkins ; John T. Wait, for 26 of the United States. Saybroolc. — Deep River — John W.Marvin, New York. Sherman — Levi Hungerford, Michigan. Stamford — Joshua B. Ferris, New York. Stoniiigton — F. A. Palmer, New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan and Illinois. IVumbull — James L. Gould. Waterbury — Calvin 11. Carter, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Wiscon- sin, Indiana, Michigan, Illinois and Iowa ; Stephen W. Kellogg, New York. Winchester- — Winsted — Gideon Hall, New York. Woodbury — William Cotbren, New York, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Wisconsin. Woodstock — George F. Williams. NOTARIES PUBLIC, Appointed by His Excellency, William T. Minor. Arranged according to date of appointment. W. F. Taylor, Wm. Marks, H. M. Humphrey, Linus Parmelee, David Young, D. J. Peck, L. C. Hoyt, N. A. Cowdrey, Eben Siiepherd, A. G. Hammond, L. Hebard, Alfred Raymond, 0. B. Hoyt, S. M. Stone, Jr. James Phelps, Danbury Burlington Stamford Chatliam Norwich New Haven Danbury New Haven Canterbury Hartford Lebanon New Canaan (( North Haven Essex G. A. Wheaton, W. Atwater, J. J. Dimock, H. C. Young, P. R. Buckingham, Wm. Bond, Horace Hall, N. D. Bates, H. P. Iloadley, L, P. Hoyt, Roger Averell, A. McAllister, J. C. Sanford, L. C. Reynolds, Roswell Hoyt, Cornwall Seymour Hartford Meriden Se3'mour Norwich Windham Preston Meriden Danbury New Haven Weston North Stonington Stamford 9 LEGAL. 157 S. G. Minor, Waterbury S. P. Norton, Canton A. C. Randall, Meriden Wra. Barnes, East Windsor J. D. Humiston, Cheshire Austin Kilborn, Hartford F. Parsons, Hartford Jonathan Barnes, Middletown J. B. Brown, " E. V. Hawes, Sherman N. G. Fish, Groton James Nichols, Hartford J. F. Williams, Woodstock Job Williams, Pomfret W. R. Higby, Bridgeport Nathaniel Shipman, Hartford G. W. Whittlesey, New Milford H. W. Fitch, " E. P. Potter, Lisbon G. W. Davis, " Leonard Hendee, Andover Henry Fowler, " S. B. Peck, Newtown J. H. Bromley, New Haven W. A. Judd, Bethel E. Dunham, Mansfield F. J. Kingsbury, Waterbury E. S. Ives, Wallingford J. M. Meach, Norwich W. Goodwin, New Haven H. Dallen, East Windsor A. J. Works, " L. A. Broughton, Danbury S. Y. Beach, Sej'mour E. B. Preston, Vernon A. S. Morgan, New Haven B. H. Bill, " Erastus Smith, Hartford S. Y. St. John, New Canaan C. T. Hillyer, " John Hooker, Hartford A.F. Fish, Brooklyn Gideon Parker, Saybrook Albert Burke, Bridgeport G. W. Sayles, Windsor Locks Buell Sedgwick, Hartford H. L. Miles, iStonington Asa Wightman, Waterford W. H. Talmadge, New Haven Manasseh Leach, " Christopher Leffingwell, Norwich Washington Webb, New Haven J. A. Morgan, Stonington Jabez Amesbury, Danburv W. H. Buell, Clinton W. N. Hawley, Hartford G. D. Clark, Saybrook Henry Kellog, " Josiah Hooker, Hartford J. M. Coleman, Marlborough Charles Ives, New Haven W. E. Jones, « P. L. Cunningham, Norwalk Cook Lounsbury, Meriden S. C. Silliman, New Canaan D. N. Wright, " S. L. Warner, Portland E. Sperry, New Haven Zera Winter, Stafford L. A. Dickenson, '< H. T. Blake, Bridgeport W. H. Holley, Stamford L. G. Tugley, Norwalk L. J. Ilendee, Hebron W. L. Brewer, Norwich E. W. Parsons, Hartford G. W. Warner, Bridgeport J. S. Graves, New Haven Horace Gaylord, Ashford W. W. Comstock, Chatham A. F. Abbott, Waterbury John Gould, Fairfield E. Brandagee, New London W. P. Yinal, Middletown W. R, Bunnell, Bridgeport F. D. Perry, Fairfield C. B. Curtis, Stratford Henry Hart, Old Saybrook C. D. Fillmore, Lisbon Ransford Button, Andover D. B. Brinnesmade, Washington Isaac Sherman, Bridgeport W. D. Copeland, Middletown W. H. Comstock, East Lyme R. T. Clark, Bridgeport John Grace, New London Linus Birdsey, Meriden J. B. Gay, Thompson E. D. Wightman, Stonington Philip Betts, Wilton G. R. Phelps, Hartford J. T. Taylor, Enfield F. D. Welton, Waterbury James White, Marlborough C. A. Somers, Woodbury Anson Baldwin, North Bran ford F. A. Palmer, Stonington Seth Ferry, Hartford J. B. Robertson, New Haven J. H. Coe, Killingly Woodstock E.K. Gurley, Mansfield E. C. May, Oliver Stone, Danbury H. H. Barbor, Hartford Oliver Hawley, Bridgeport John Goulding, Stratford 158 LEGAL. « Hiram Gates, Salem Peleg Noyes, New London E. P. Parker, " S. W. Starkey, Essex S. W. Loomis, " Elisha Carpenter, Killingly J. C.Hollister, Kew Haven Alfred Daggett, New Haven Wm. Nichols, Fairfield E. M. Gorluim, " Wales French, New Haven H. C. Robinson, Hartford J. G. Ilotchkiss, " J. W. P>radley, Bethany W. C. Phelps, Winchester W. L. Weever, Windham W. H. Palmer, Montville J. A. Stevens, Montville J. D. Wilcox, West Granby D. P. Nichols, Danbury Benjamin Giddings, Hartland E. L. Cundall, Brooklyn Abel Converse, New London W. T. Peters, Cheshire A. T>. Osborne, New Haven William Roberts, New Mil ford G. Hine, Naugatuck Samuel Close, Greenwich Gopher Case, Windsor 0. P. Waters, Norwich Lloyd Seeley, Wilton Charles Bard, " Jesse Peck, New Haven Thomas Robinson, " G. W. Goddard, New London John Gallup, 2d, Brooklyn J. K. Merriam, " L. A. Daggett, New Haven C. G. Sistare, " 0. L Lay, South Lyme L. A. Hyde, Norwich Wm. Woodward, Middletown C. Butler, New London W. C. White, Bethany Joseph Durfey, Groton David Bennett, Burlington Benjamin Coe, " W. H. Kibbe, Somers 0. H. Piatt, Meriden (West) W. C. Mather, Simsbury Cyprian Wilcox, New Haven E. A. Cornwall, Cheshire S. C. Beers, Cornwall R. C. Abernethy, Torrington Hart Shepherd, Edward fjioodman. Newtown J. L. Gould, TrunibuU Hartford Salmon Swift, Norfolk Bryant Sniith, Brookfield J. H. Welch, " George Dyke, Thompson Louis Bail, New Haven Dennis Sage, Hartford Elias Selden, Haddam William Stanton, Voluntown J. D. Candee, New Haven N. S. Fisk, Stonington Nathan Franklin, New London W. E. Park, Norwich J. T. Wait, Norwich H. G. Huntington, " W. K. Seeley, Bridgeport C. F. Setchel, " J. G. North, New Haven J. W. Hanghton, Bozrah G. R. Cowles, Norwalk W. S. Dyer, Canton Seth Case, 2d, Canton H. B. Glover, Newtown L. E. Munson, New Haven E. S. San ford, Danbury Daniel Hatch, Bridgeport H. W. Burdick, Preston J. B. Ferris, Stamford T. E. Doolittle, Meriden S. P. Robinson, Canterbury J. Selden, Jr. Lyme T. G. Kingsley, Franklin E. I). Brockway, " J. T. Shelton, Bridgeport Joseph Charlton, East Windsor M. P. Bell, Norfolk Joseph Sheldon, Jr. New Haven J. G. Phelps, Simsbury S. E. Graves, Thompson Edwin Palmer, Norwich H. Selden, Chatham A. W. Ferree, Roxbury Jesse Crampton, Madison D. G. Piatt, Washington G. S. Gilman, Hartford Augustus Seeley, Danbury A. B. Hills, Wilton Francis Chambers, Bridgeport E. S. Chase, Brooklyn Edward Wilcox, Berlin Walter Williams, Canterbury J. H. Brockway, Ellington Samuel Lee, Windham W. L. Waring, New Canaan F. K. Leeds, Stamford S. P. Newell, Bristol Wm. Reynolds, New Haven J. L. Chapman, Hartford Timothy Holmes, East Haddam J. A. Ambler, Bethlem LEGAL. 159 T. Peck, Bristol D. F. Hollister, Bridgeport J. T. Clark, East Haddam William Durand, Milford W. N. Martin, Hartford Robert Gray, Plainfield D. W. Pardee, " A. G. Pettibone, Norfolk J. W. T. Hamilton, New Haven W. H. Clark, New Haven Ashbel Scofield, Stamford A. L. Train, Hartford Erastus Kiiijjht, Thompson A. C. Randall, Salisbury J. W. Seymour, Hartford A. Hull, Clinton E. B. Arnold, Meriden H. K. Bradley, Southington G. P. Bissell, Hartford R. F. Lyon, New London J. M. Perrin, Thompson A. D. Noyes, •' John Ives, Meriden Joseph Brush, Greenwich W. D. Bishop, Bridgeport W. L. Chester, New London F. W. Northrop, New Haven J. B. Curtis, Greenwich G. D. Hastings, Tolland Robert Coit, Jr. New London Byard Barnes, North Haven S. Newton, Stafford R. K. Belden, New London A. Brandegee, New Loudon Francois Turner, New Haven E. H. Learned, Norwich James Lamb, Colchester A. A. Smith, Hew Haven H. S. Sanford, New Milford L. M. ISlunroe, New London B. L. Woodworth, Westport Thomas Clark, Coventry A. S.^.obbins, Norwich W. W. Stone, New Haven Miner Preston, • Vernon W. H. Loomis, Suffield Wm. Seeley, Dan bury E. P. Weed, Norwalk Henry Gay, Winchester George Perkins, Norwich T. H. L. Talcott, Glastenbury S. H. Parsons, Middletown George Robinson, Hartford H. K. Parrott, Bridgeport W. H. Phelps, Winchester S. F. Sharper, Colchester J. M. Peekham, Lebanon Wra. Browuig, New London H. S. Barbour, Torrington George Burroughs, Bridgeport C. B. Phelps, Woodbury G. C. Woodruff, Litchtield Lewis Judd, " S. W. Wood, Ledyard P. K. Kilbourn, Litchfield A. P. Collins, New London M, L. Mason, Westport Charles Foot, Bridgeport S. P. Fitch, Wilton C. A. Spensei", E?sex J. S. Morris, Hartford W. W. Baldwin, Guilford J. E. Redfield, Essex N. A. Chapman, New London J. W. Bliss, Hartford Ira Merwin, New Haven L. S. Parsons, Bran ford Ezra Morgan, Hartford H. V. C. Holcomb, " S. N. Case, Bridgeport Peter Smith, New Canaan Jay Peck, Bolton C. J. Lanman, Norwich J. C. Maine, Bridgeport A. n. Shelton, Southbury W. H. Lord, Newtown The following were appointed by His Excellency, Alexandee H. Holley, the present Chief M igistrate. E. B. White, Portland John Wallace, Derby F. P. Abbot, Derby Orson Greeley, Mansfield Brigham Paine, Coventry B. D. Gale, Meriden L. L. Squire, New Haven A. A. Colby, Middletown I>. B. eiairol, Colchester J. H. Olmstead, Stamford Hezeliiah Scott, Ridgefield J. E. Bidwell, Middletown H. K. W. Welch, Hartford Adams White, Brooklyn R. Fitzgerald, New Haven F. D. Carver, Windsor 0. H. Perry, Southport George W. Harris, Middletown John Williams, Pomfret S. S. Cowles, Farmington 160 LEGAL. G. A. Washbera, Hartford J. L. Denison, Norwich J. E. Dunham, Bridgeport C. E. Bulkley, Hartford H. K. Scott, •' J. W. Holcomb, " N. P. Potter, Griswold Frederick Kellog, Cornwall D. B. Satterlee, New Haven Wni. Dyer, Plainfield E. C. May, Woodstock Thomas Bull, Woodbury J. A. Moreliead, Norwalk Wm. Cothren, " J. F. Foot, " L. S. Davis, Waterbury Obadiah Pease, New Haven B. F. Bradford, Montville T. W. Coe, Winsted Lewis Parmelee, Chatham W. J. Benton, New Haven L. E. Coe, Meriden Daniel Green, Coventry H. S. Noreross, Seymour Thomas Clark, " D. A. Daboll. Groton James Holden, Windham Herman Northrop, Farraington J. A. Holden, " M. S. Gilbert, Norwich S. H. Woodruff, Simsbnry Francis Alniy, Stonington G. W. Warner, Bridgeport Henry Harvey, Preston Charles Webb, " Elijah Bailey, Ledyard G. S. Chapell, Waterford Norris Wilcox, New Haven Asahel Woodward, Franklin J. B. Powell, Hartford C. L. Hubbard, New Britain Elisha Johnson, " J. E. SiUinian, Chester Oliver Stone, Daiibury T. C. Board man, East Haddam J. A. Shepherd, Norfolk R. M. Seymour, New Hartford Lewis Hyde, Norwich W. L. Clark, Old Saybrook S. C. Case, New Britain Epliraim Gregory, Danbury B. Killibridge, Willington G. W. Ives, " W. S. Carter, Middletown Charles Dart, Betliel S. F. Needham, Stafford Edwui Hubbard, West Meriden A. H. Lester, Griswold Nathaniel Root, Jr. Coventry W. Marks, Burlington G. W. Rogers, Stonington J. Arnold, Derby N. G. Fisk, Groton S. Taylor, Willington Samuel Galpin, Wethersfield N. Zandee, New Haven Philo Lewis, New Haven W. A. Fuller, Lebanon Charles Waterbury, Bridgeport REMARKABLE EVENTS OCCURRING WITHIN THE STATE OF CONNECTICUT, FROM NOVEMBER TO AUGUST, INCLUSIVE. We present but a meagre list of events in this number, for the reason tbat it was late in the winter before we had decided to get up the work. Nov. 29. — Snow fell for the first time of sufficient depth to make sleighing. Terrible Snow Storm. — Saturday, January 17, was a very mild and pleasant winter day. At night the wind hauled into the N. E,, and it grew cold very fast. At 9 o'clock, P. M.. the mercury had reached zero, and on Sunday morning it had fallen to 8° beloio, where it remained through the day, with a powerful easterly gale. In the evening it commenced snowing, and continued through the night and the whole of the next day a perfect tempest. Between two and three feet fell, and all the roads were packed full, and all travel interdicted. The Cliapel Street Church spire was blown down, and two lofty spires in Waterbury were also prostrated, besides much damage in many other ways. On the seacoast the storm was very severe. "The old- est inhabitant" was utterly oblivious of any equal to it "in his remera- b)'ance." January 23. — The coldest day of the season. Mercury fell, at New Haven, to 15° heloiv zero, and in some portions of the State it went as low as 3G° cypher. Long Island Sound Frozen Over. — For the first time, there is solid ice from the Connecticut shore to Long Island. Persons cross the Sound to Long Island on the ice from Port Chester, Westchester county, N. Y., and also from Throgg's Neck, near Fort Schuyler. The harbor at New Haven is frozen as tight as Baffin's Bay. An " un- usual circumstance" is mentioned by the New Haven Register. That 11 102 REMARKABLE EVENTS. paper, of Monday evening, says that " Capt. Merrow, of the schooner Daniel Trowbridge, who has been for a week frozen in near Southwest Ledge, at the mouth of our harbor, reports that nothing but ice can be seen from his topmast, with a spy glass ; that from Faulkner's Island across to Long Island, and from the former to the Connecticut shore, up to Branford, is a solid piece of ice. At ebb tide a large gap opens at the mouth of our harbor, closing again at flood tide. Thus Long Island and Connecticut are for the first time in the memory of man, connected by solid ice." — Hartford Times, January 27. Hartford, Saturday, February 14, 1857. The Plainville Knitting Factory, at Plainville, Farmington, was de- stroyed by fire yesterday afternoon, with all its machinery and con- tents. The loss is about ^60,000 ; insured $58,000 in this city and Providence Companies. The company was a joint-stock one. February. — A horrible murder in Bridgeport has lately come to light. It appears that a man named Blood, in a drunken fit, killed one William Burritt, and that after he had done the deed, and be- came sobered, confessed the crime to his neighbors. His statement was not credited till the body of the missing man was found in the cellar of the house where Blood resided. He was arrested, tried, and found guilty of manslaughter. He was sentenced to four years im- prisonment, and to pay a fine of $100. The dwelling house of James Pt. Coe, at the Old Forge, Hitchcock- ville, was burned last Monday evening, March 10. The fire is sup- posed to have taken from a spark dropped in the cellar. There was an insurance on the building of $1000 — nearly sufficient to cover the loss. As !Mr. Ira Baker, a worthy farmer of Washington, Conn., was en- deavoring to extract a charge from his gun, on Saturday, the 14th inst., his foot accidentally touched the trigger, causing the contents to be discharged through his heart, and producing instant death. He was 68 years of age, and leaves a family to naourn his sudden and premature death. Unprecedented Snow Storm. — A rain commenced falling here REMARKABLE EVENTS. 163 last Monday inorning, whicli changed to partly snow as it fell. The storm continued without internaission, and with great violence until Tuesday evening, and Wednesday morning broke clear and cool over at least 12 inches of snow in our village. On the hill it was deeper, and badly drifted, so that digging was necessary in breaking out the roads. On Wallen's Ilill the depth was fully 28 inches, in Winches- ter Center 20, in Colebrook and Norfolk 18 to 24, and in Sandisfield, fully two feet. Had it remained as it fell, and not melted, its depth must have been much greater. It is singular of this storm, that while it extended far to the south and west, whitening even the streets of Baltimore, and heavy in interior Pennsylvania, to the north of us, at Boston, Bangor, and even Haverhill, New Hampshire, there was neither rain nor snow, the weather being clear during the whole time* There was no snow at Hartford, very little at Collinsville, four or five inches only at Pleasant Valley, next to none at Plymouth, and a few inches at Wolcottville. It was the heaviest storm of the winter here- abouts, and will long be known and quoted as the Great Snow of April 21st, 1857. — Winsted Herald. The body of a man, supposed to be about 30 years of age, was found in the Connecticut River, in the vicinity of South Windsor Con- gregational Church, on Tuesday, April Vth. The body was well dressed. The only articles found in the pockets were two keys and three cents. His collar was marked with the initials J. B. — Hartford Coiirant. Cold for May. On Sunday, l7th of May, ice formed in Litchfield County the sixteenth of an inch in thickness. Julius Smith was badly injured at the Pacific Iron Works in Salis- bury, ]\Iay 24. While engaged in "habiting a box," the air got into the mould, causing an explosion, and blowing the hot metal into his face and eyes. The corner stone of the new Hartford Hospital was laid with con- siderable ceremony, on Wednesday, May 27. The State has given it $10,000. On Sunday, May 31, a terrible storm, accompanied with hail, swept 164 REMARKABLE EVENTS. over the town of Salem, Conn., doing great injury to the crops. It continued for half an hour, during whicli time hail stones as large as a robin's egg fell, until the ground was covered to the depth of an inch. Much grain was completely ruined, and many fences and trees were prostrated hy the violence of the storm. A destructive fire occurred at New Britain, by which the large stockinet factory of the New Britain Knitting Company was mostly consumed, together with its extensive stock of machinery, and a large amount of stock and goods. The loss, we learn, will probably exceed 1100,000 ; insurance $80,000, in Hartford, Providence and Spring- field. The capital stock of the company was $150,000, and was all paid in. Eleven sets of card machines, and a quantity of knitting and other machines were destroyed. The company manufactured shirts and stockings of mixed wool and cotton, and employed 150 op- eratives, besides several hundred sewing girls. A fire-proof wall on the north end saved a section of 50 feet of the building, by which means some valuable machinery was saved. Origin of the fire not positively known. This was the largest fiictory and the largest building in New Britain. A runaway boy from the Reform School, at Meriden, by the name of Taylor, was arrested at Waterbury and placed in the lockup for safe keeping. During the night he fired the building, and was badly burned before he could be got out. Joseph Wiklman, a young man in the employ of Messrs. Barnum & Starr, of Danbury, on Friday afternoon last, while oiling a "hanger" over a planing machine, caught his clothes in the gearing, hurling him with terrible force against the ceiling, and stripping him of every vestige of his clothing. He then fell into the machine, which was in full operation, one foot being drawn under the knives, chopping up his leg nearly to the knee by piece-meal, before the machine could be stopped. Mr. Russell Hubbard, a well known citizen of Norwich, on return- ing from church, on the first sabbath of June, felt unwell, and took some brandy to relieve him. With this he mixed, as he thought, some laudanum, hoping that it would do him good, but he soon be- REMARKABLE EVENTS. 165 came miicli worse, and died at eight o'clock in the evening. An ex- amination showed that he had by mistake taken corrosive sublimate instead of laudanum. Mr. Hubbard was one of the firm of A. & R, Hubbard, paper manufacturers. William Howland, an interesting lad 14 j'ears of age, was drowned while bathing in the Farmington river, at Farmington, Wednesday, June 3. A German, about 25 years of age, was killed on Tuesday evening, June 23, near the Bristol depot, by the railniad engine. He was walk- ing upon the track of the road, and seemed not to notice the ap- proaching train, though the whistle was blown. He was picked up in an insensible state, and died during the night. The Hartford Times has the following romantic announcement : — Married at Willington, on the 20th ult., Asahel L. Beers, of Albany, N. Y., and Miss Ann Rider; their united ages are 12-4 years, and the courtship commenced 42 years since. From the thirty-eighth annual report of the yEtna Insurance Com- pany, it ajjpears that its receipts for premiums were $1,587,556.7 1_ Dividends have been paid to the amount of $125,000, and a net profit remains of 8342,124.80. Losses paid during the year, $1,008,29*7.94. During the last four and a half years, the company has realized a profit of $1,132,404.81, an average of $251,645 yearly. Amount paid in by shareholders, $195,000, consequently the company has re- alized about one hundred and twenty-nine per cent, annually, upon the amount paid in. Have you got vour Life Insured ? If not, you cannot do it too soon. It will cost you less now ; every year added to your life, will add to the expense of getting insured. Now is the only certain time you have. Death lurks in every path and at every turn. See the ad- vertisement of the " Manhattan Life Insurance Company," in the first part of this book. A. D. Jones is the agent of the company for Connecticut. OiBce 80 State Street, New Haven. DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS IN THE UNITED STATES AND ABROAD, DURING THE PAST YEAR. Our year is intended to reckon from July to July. But as we had not decided upon issuing the Gazetteer until late in the autumn, we shall commence this record with December, 1856, and carry it up to July 1, 1857. In our subsequent volumes, we hope to make the recoKl square. DIED— DECEMBER. In Edinburgh, Scotland, December 24th, Mr. Hugh Miller, editor of the Witness^ the distinguished writer on geology. The Edinburgh Witness of Wednesday, in a supplement, thus briefly announces this sad event : — " Mr, Miller had been ill for some time — working hard and late at uight, in completing his new work on geology. He had become, in consequence, subject to aggravated attacks of nightmare, which partook of the nature of somnambulism. Some time ago at- tempts had been made to break into his museum, and he in conse- quence, slept with a loaded revolver on the table by his side. Yester- day, on account of headache and unrefreshing sleep, he had seen his medical advisers, who had warned him of overwork, and prescribed suitably. Last night, according to their request, he had taken a warm sponge-bath, and retired early to rest. After having slept some con- siderable time, he had apparently awakened in a fit of nightmare, and, taking up the pistol, had reached the bedroom door as far as the bath, which had been left, after use, in the adjoining apartment. There the pistol had exploded, the bullet passing through the chest, and death must have been instantaneous. The sound not having been heard at this hour of the night by any of the household, Mr. Miller's body was not discovered till this morning." December 21, of pyaemia, at his residence, the College, St. John's AVood, the Rev. John Harris, D. D., Principal of New College, Lon- don, aged fifty-four. DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS. 16*7 William C. Redfield died at his residence in New York, 20th inst., at the age of 68. His name has long been familiar in the annals of science, especially in the division of meteorology, Mr. Redfield was born at Middletown, Connecticut. As early as 1822 he was engaged in an attempt at steam navigation on the Connecticut, and soon after was one of a company that established a line of boats from Hartford to New York. In 1825 he came to New York, and at once engaged in steamboating on the Hudson. In 1828 he published a paper on a " Route of a Great Western Railway," to connect New York with Lake Erie and the great rivers of the Western States. Nearly thirty years afterwards the iron horse crossed the Mississippi at Rock Island, the precise place proposed in Mr. R's pamphlet. He was an early and efSeient promoter of railroads on a smaller scale, along the Hud- son and Connecticut valleys. Forty years ago he began to study the theory of storms, and has published from time to time many valuable j^apers upon meteorology, in the nautical Magazines, The American Journal of Science, and the journals of the day. He also devoted much attention to geology, and carefully investigated the fossil fishes of the red sandstone formation in Connecticut and New Jersey. December 9 — The Right Rev. Theobald Matheav, the great Irisli Apostle of Temperance. He was born in Thomastown, Ireland, on the 10th of October, 1790. He was therefore GO years and 2 months of age, at the time of his death. He was left an orphan at an early age ; was adopted by an aunt of fortune, and educated at Kilkenny Academy, and afterwards at Maynooth College. He was admitted to orders in the Roman Catholic Church at the age of 24; immediately after which he took up his residence at College, and became deeply interested in the wants, necessities, and the sufferings of the poor. His labors, everywhere wonderfully successful, were turned principally to the suppression of iuteniperance. He worked day and night ; he traveled all over Ireland, winning thousands from the gulf of destruc- tion. He then went through Scotland, and afterwards England, every- where seeing his efforts crowned with success. In 1849 and 1850, he visited the United States, and added tens of thousands to the immense roll of total abstainers in this country. The people followed and crowded round him with every demonstration of affection, and the public authorities showed him marks of distinguished consideration. 168 DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS. At Beirut, Rev. Dr. Eli Smith, lie was a missionary stationed at Beirut, and labored for many years in the conversion of the heathen and the reduction of the unwritten language of that country to a grammatical construction. He was a native of Connecticut, and a graduate of Yale College, of the class of 1821, and after due prepar- ation and consecration for his arduous work, sailed for the foreign field of his labors in 1826. Lydia Johnsox, a colored woman, residing in Brooklyn, N. Y., died at the advanced age of one hundred and jive. J2VNUARY. At North Adams, 2d, Luke Flood, 76 ; he was one of the Irisli patriots of Emmet's rebellion, was a bosom friend of Emmet, and on the failure of the rebellion and the capture and death of Emmet, escaped to this country. Died at Wiscasset, Me., on the 5th, the Hon. Moses Carleton, having in October last reached the great age of ninety years. He survived his wife, who was ninety-three at her death, only one short month. He was betrothed at seventeen and married to her at twenty-one years of age, and they lived most happily and affectionately together, through many changes and afflictions of life, for sixty-nine years. Mr. Carle- ton was much known in the meridian of his life as one of the largest ship-owners in New England. But his prosperity was crushed by the Embargo and the last war with Great Britain. He was one of the councillors of Governor Gerry. In his adversity he became a farmer, and worked most industriously with his own hands, even to the last of his protracted life. William Maxwell, LL. D., died at Williamsburgh, Ya., the 10th Jan., aged 74. He was a native of Norfolk, in that State, and held a high position at the bar. He represented Norfolk at different times in both branches of the Legislature. He afterward received the appoint- ment of Principal Professor of Hampden Sidney College, and subse- quently became editor of The Neio York Journal of Commerce., which position he occupied for several years. At a late period of his life, he removed to Richmond, where, as is said of him b}' the Norfolk Her- ald., "his usefulness was manifested on all occasions requiring the ex- DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS. 169 ercise of talent?, tlie grace of eloquence, the aid of judicious counsel, and a ready and helping hand — and ever with a noble disinterested- ness which formed a shining characteristic of his nature." While a resident of Richmond, he was chosen Secretary of the Virginia His- torical Society, and editor of the Historical Register, a work which was to him a labor of love. At Montpelier, Vt., on the 24th, tlie lion. Samuel Prentiss, formerly a Senator from Vermont, and Judge of the United States District Court. At Havana, Cuba, on the 16th of January, Elisha Kent Kane, M. D., the well known Arctic explorer, in the thirty-sixth year of his age. Dr. Kane was born in the city of Philadelphia, Pa., was graduated at the University of Virginia, as a Doctor of Medicine, and soon after sailed with the American Embassy to China. He accompanied the first American Arctic Expedition, in search of Sir John Franklin, as surgeon of the expedition. The most striking act in the drama of his eventful life, was his famous exploration of the Arctic seas, in search of the remains of Sir John Franklin, in the years 1855-6. It was plan- ned and executed alone by him, under the patronage of the govern- ment and private munificence. In the purpose of his mission, he was eminently successful, and brought back the melancholy evidence of the destruction of Sir John's party in the midst of the Polar ice. He brought back also, an utterly broken constitution, which only sustained him long enough to give his valuable records of that terrible voyage to the world, through the press. His career was a brief and a glorious one, and he has left the world without one stain on the fair escutcheon of his honor. At Annapolis, Md., on the 24th, the estimable and venerable con- sort of the late William Wirt. The Rev. Dr. W. A. Medhurst, the well known missionary to China, died in London on the evening of January 24, only two days after landing in England on his return from China. He was sixty-one years of age. He reached London on the 22d of January, much exhausted, immediately took to his bed, and was insensible the whole of the day on which he died. IVO DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS. On the 25to, at liis residence in Albemarle, Va., the Hon. Andrew Stevenson, formerly a prominent Virginia politician, member of Con- gress and Minister to England. At Washington City, on the 27tli, Hon. Preston S, Brooks, M. C. for the city of Charleston, S. C. The name of Mr. B. has become no- torious for his attack on Senator Sumner, of Massachusetts, in the Capitol of the United States. FEBRUARY. xVt " Pumpkin Patch Farm," Pennsylvania, Judy, the slave of John Brown, at the great age of one hundred and five years. She had ob- tained her freedom, through the generosity of her master, many years since, but remained in his family during her life. She retained to the last a vivid recollection of the stirring events of the Revolution, and the Old French War. Dr. William Yates, who introduced vaccination into the United States, died at Morris, N. Y., on the 7th, at the great age of 90. M. Michelot, the celebrated commedianof the Theatre Francais, has just died at his residence, Passy, in his 7 1st year. Michelot, with Talma, Fleury, Mdlles. Duchenois, Mars and Georges, was one of the glories of the French stage. He was equally successful in tragedy and comedy. His last great characters Avere the Jeune Mari, in Heyiri III, and Don Carlos in Ernani. Lord EUesmere, a distinguished English peer, who is known in New York, having been Commissioner to the Crystal Palace, died on the 18th. He had considerable pretensions to authorship, poetry included. He inherited immense estates from the Duke of Bridgewater, and was known successively as Lord Francis Leveson Gower, Lord Francis Egerton, and Earl of EUesmere. Two sons and two daughters, and his wife, came with him when he paid us a visit, and made many friends. Dr. VoGEL, the celebrated African traveler, w^as assassinated by the savages near Waddy, about the first of the present month. The let- ter received by the British Consul at Tripoli, communicating the intel- ligence, is fi'om Corporal Maguire, one of the Sappers sent out with Dr. Vogel, and is written from Kuka. Dr. Vogel had departed from DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS. 171 tliat place comparatively alone, on a most perilous journey eastward, with the view of reaching the Nile. He is said to have advanced through Birgirrai into Waddy, and to have been there murdered. A similar report reached this country some time since of Dr. Barth, who has returned to Europe alive and well ; but in the present instance the rumor comes on better authority. An Ancient Family. — Died at Hamburg, Erie county, February 22d, Eiios Williams, aged 92 years. He was the last of the family of Jonathan Williams, Esq., late of Lebanon county, consisting of nine persons, whose united ages amount to over VOO years, averaging about eighty years each. Few families have attained so great an age. They were firm adherents to the American cause during the Revolution, and shared largely in the toils and privations of that eventful period, sev- eral of the sons at difl'erent periods being attached to the regular army. Ebenezer, the eldest, joined it as lieutenant, under Gen. Gates, near Cambridge, previous to the battle of Bunker's Hill, and continued in the service till the close of the war. He was engaged in several of the hardest fought battles ; was present at the surrender of Burgoyne, and also at the battle of Monmouth ; was entrusted with the charge of King's Ferry during the possession of New York by the British, and at Yorktown (the day on which he was thirty-four years old — he died at the age of ninety-eight) led the forlorn hope in storming the British batteries, which resulted in the surrender of Lord Cornwallis and the establishment of the Independence of the United States, MARCH. Hiram Rowe, " the oyster man," died at Fair Haven, Connecticut, on the 2d inst., aged 51. He bas been engaged in the oyster trade for over 20 years. At Akabah, March 21st, the Rev. William Parsons Lunt, D. D., of Quincy, Mass. Dr. L. left home last December to make the European tour, and was expected back early this summer. No particulars in re- gard to his death have as yet transpired. Dr. L, was the son of Mr, Henry Lunt, formerly a well known and active merchant in Boston, and still living. He graduated at Har- vard College in 1823, He was first settled as pastor of the Second Unitarian Church in New York, (now the Church of the Messiah,) and thence removed to Quincy in 1835. 172 DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS, Hon. Samuel Zimmerman, a man of great influence in the business of Canada, and an eminent railroad contractor and banker, was killed on the 13th of March, at the terrible railroad accident which occurred on the Great Western Railroad, between Hamilton and Toronto, U. C, and by which 180 persons lost their lives. APRIL. Rev. Calvin Col ton, D. D., wliose death recently occurred at Savan- nah, Ga., where he had gone on account of declining health, was, at the time of his decease, Professor of "Political Economy" in Trin- ity College, Hartford, Ct, He was graduated at Yale College in 1812, and ordained a Presbyterian clergyman in 1815, and was settled at Batavia, New York, until 1826, when he partially lost the use of his voice. This induced him to devote his time to writing for period- icals, but in 1835, after a visit to Europe, he took Episcopal orders. Subsequently, however, he turned his attention to political matters. The Chair of Political Economy, in Trinity College, was established for his especial occupancy. • At Washington City, D. C, early in this month, John Tyssowski, one of the most heroic of that band of republican Poles, whose zeal for freedom doomed him to perpetual exile from his native country. In 1848 he fled to the United States, whither his family had gone be- fore him, and after a hard struggle for a year with biting poverty, he removed to Wasliington city, upon a call from his compatriot, Major Tochman, and was engaged as draughtsman for Congress. In 1851 he was appointed clerk in the Treasury Department, and in 1853 was transferred to the Examining Corps of the I'atent OfiiQe, wliere his extensive knowledge, clear reasoning power, and remarkable executive talent commanded universal esteem, and he was required to act as chief examiner, although receiving the salary of assistant. Thisofiice he filled at the time of his decease. MAY. In New York city, on the 12th of May, Hon. Thomas J. Oakley. He was born in Duchess Co. in 1*783, graduated at Yale College at the age of eighteen, and studied law in the ofKce of the father of Judge Ruggles, in Poughkeepsie. He was a man universally re- DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS. 1*73 spected, and has filled many high and important posts in the service of his countiy. At Waterbury, Conn., on the 16tli, in the seventieth year of his age, J. M. L. Scovill, Esq., founder and chief proprietor of the Scovill Manufacturing Company, of Waterbury. He was one of the wealthi- est men in the place. At Augusta, Geo., 25th inst., Hon. Andrew P. Butler, at tlie time of his decease a member of the United States Senate. On tlie 26th, at his residence in Guilford, N. II., Hon. .James Bell. He had just been elected to a seat in the Senate of the United States for a full term. Robert Burns, the eldest son of tlie poet, died at Dumfries, late in the present month. He had been ailing for some time, and his de- cease was not unexpected, his two brothers. Colonel William Burns and Lieut. Colonel James Burns, who are usually resident in Chelten- ham, having both been in Dumfries for several days past, in anticipa- tion of the event. Mr. Robert Burns was a man of very considerable ability, and displayed something of hereditary talent in the produc- tion of various songs, one or two of which are of more than average merit. Early in life he entered a government situation in London, from which he retired on a pension, and has been resident a number of years in his native town. JUNE. Royal L. Gay, Esq., a prominent citizen of Stam.ford, died in that place on the 21st inst., aged 76. He was born in Staflbrd, November 4th, 1780, and removed to Stamford in 1809. In 1835 he was elected Selectman, and as a proof of the confidence of the people of his adopted town, he was annually elected to that oflice for twenty years in succession. In 1 842 he was elected Town Treasurer, and held the office from that time to the day of his death. Hon. Augustus Young, State Naturalist, and formerly a member of Congress from the State of Vermont, died at St. Albans, the place of his residence, on the 16th of the present month. 174 DEATHS OF EMINENT PERSONS. On tlie 25th, at bis residence in Barnstable, Mass., the Hon. Zexo ScuDDER, formerly a member of Congress from tliat district. The Charleston (S. C.) jSfews, of June 26, appears in monrning for the death of the Hon. Langdon Cheves, which occurred in Columbia on the previous evening. The deceased was one of tlie most eminent sons of South Carolina. He was born in September, 1776, on a branch of Calhoun's Creek, Abbeville District, and was consequently in the 81st year of his age. On the evening of the 24th of this month, an awful calamity oc- curred on the river St. Lawrence. The steamer Montreal was burned, and over 300 persons perished. Among them was the Hon. Stephen Clarendon Phillips, of Salem, Mass. He was one of nature's no- blemen, and lie succeeded in securing the love and good will of every one whose privilege it was to know him intimately, and his loss created a profound sensation throughout the whole country. At his home in Salem, all the church bells were tolled, the flags of the ship- ping and of the public buildings were displayed at half mast ; and touching allusions made to the public services and private virtues of the deceased, in the pulpits of the several churches. Mr. Phillips was 55 years of age, was a graduate of Harvard, and represented Essex South in Congress, from 1834 to 1838. He was a man of great liber- ality and public spirit, and his death is a loss to Salem and the whole State. Mr. P. was a whig until 1848, when he joined the free soil party, and was their candidate for governor two years. Persons desirous of comfortable houses for the coming winter, are referred to the advertisement of Mr. Hills, on the first page of this book. BUSINESS DIRECTORY. It is tlie intention of the Publisher to have this department of the " CONNECTICUT BOOK," as correct as the circumstances of the case will allow. Some few mistakes will doubtless have crept into this, our first number, owing to the many difficulties always attendant upon a new enterprise. If any person in the State finds himself left out, or in any way misrepresented, if he will drop us a line with the necessary corrections, we will cheerfully make it right iu subsequent volumes. Agents. ■ [See Insurance, Packets, Oysters, e/c] Agricultural Tools. Hawley & Co. Bridgepoi't Lyou & KellosTW, " Charles Clmrchill, Bristol Pratt & Foster, Cornwall Noah S. Markham, Chatham Abijah S. Ford, Colchester Ralph Carrier, " Backus & Barstow, Canterbury Robinson & Fowler, (< Porter & Parsons, _ Enfield Seth G. Pitts, East Bridgeport Jabez King, " Clark & King, a Sanford Morgan, Groton J. W. Royce, Hartford George M. Way, « David Hawley, Huntington Joseph Carrier, Hartland Elchanah Lathrop, Hampton 0. VV. Isbell & Son, Killingworth Newton F. Hart & Co., Meriden William H. Atkins, Middletown Hayden & Loveland, " A. G. & R. A. Pease, <( William Southmayd, " William C. Street, Norwalk E. V. A. Chichester, " N. B. Stevens, Norfolk Harris, Ames & Co., New London B. F. & J. Beckwith, " Backus & Barstow, Norwich Elijah A. Bill, Isaac Johnson, Clinton, Stiles & Co. D. Clinton & Son, J. T. Wheeler, Nor William J. Starr, William B. Johnson, Bartlett & Williams, H. C. Cutler, Roderick Grimes, A. N. Holly, Hubbard Tucker, A. W. Tracy, Isaac Fitch, Gershom W. Bradley, Norwich North Haven th Stonington New Milford New Haven Portland Putnam Rocky Hill Stamford Vernon n Wilton Westport Agricultural Tools Manufact's. Paug Manufg. Co. North Branford Clinton & Stiles Mfg. Co. No. Haven Tuttle Manufg. Co. Naugatuck William B. Johnson, New Haven D. Clinton & Son, North Haven Apothecaries. Alfred Kellogg, Avon William B. Dyer, Bridgeport E. R. Hough, S. S. Jarvis, W. T. &E. Shelton, Thompson & Booth, Ward & French, M. H. Wheeler & Co, Thomas C. Worden, James Peckham, Bozrah James B. Whitcomb, Brooklyn 176 BUSINESS DIRECTORY Ebenezer Blackman, Jr., Charles C. Ilopson, Alfred North, John S. Moodey, David Ileiislia'tt', Asa S. Pelton, Charles Gardner, Ira Hutchinson, H. N. Rust George Polk, Charles R. Fuller, Palmer & Ashton. C. H. Rogers & Co. Worthington & Lathereus, Allen Lincoh), Griswold Humphrey, Charles B. Maltbig, Edgar A. Benedict, James Harvey, Pratt ct Ilayden, E. W. Pratt & Co. Timothy Pitkin, Royal A. Fowler, George D. Cowles, B. H. Leavenworth, George A. Fowler, Samuel S. Lockwood, Jedediah Post, J. Durfey, M. Manning, John Gray, Allyntfe Rathbun, John Braddock, George Bodwell, George Buck, L. Carrington John Gladding, " Bell Comp., Bailey & Roberts, " J. C. Barnum, Isaac Couch, Bridgeport Benton & Clark, (sleigh,) '< James Gormly, " W. Deming, (cow,) L. S. Sexton, " " S. J. Parker, Coventry ti J. B. French, ■' Elizur Ware, Chester Bevels, Try Squares, &c. Samuel U. Brown, Clinton J. & W. Tidgwell, Middletown Ezra H. Stevens, Cornwall Hall & Knapp, New Britain Elias Scovill, Theodore W. Dean, ;; Bitt and Gimlet Makers. Archabald Smith, " David Hubbard, Guilford J. B. Durand, Colebrook Nailor & Co. (bitt,) New London A. Hotchkiss, " W. R. Warner, Cromwell Blacksmiths T. H. Warner, Martin Steele, Avon W. P. Allison, " Page Goodrich, " A. S. Gear, " William W. Gardner, Ash ford H. S. Gear, " Peter White, " P. Soikar, " James Kent, " R. Case, Canton Augustus Miller, " P. Case, " D. P. Sprague, Andover E. C. Pettebone, " Eli H. Perkins, " C. R. Smith, " William N. Cleaveland, '• J. North, " William Blackman, " Charles Holbrook, Columbia William Monks, Bristol Carlos Collins, " Samuel Holt, " Rufus Williams, , '< F.B. Sutliff, " Marshall Holbrook, " Michael Cooney, Bozrah Martin Roberts, Chatham Dier Armstrong, " Sylvanus Markham, " William Hammond, " A. 0. Siaodish, Colchester John Lathrop, " L. G. Standish, " Champlain Gardner, " Spencer & Williams, " E. P. Keavm, Brooklyn S. L. Sprague, " E. P. Harris, " David A. Chapman, " L. L. Hotchkiss, Bethlem Jarvis Eaton, Chaplin Julius J. Pope, " Lucius Gurley, " G. 0. Guild, " Dyer Lamphere, " Charles Stone, Burlington John Foster, Canaan Aurelius Peck, " William Ashley, " Irad Pearl, " Albert Wickham, " Watson Giddings, Barkhampsted W. Smith, Canterbury Julius Daniels, " F. Congdon, '• William T. White, Bolton Charles Neff, " Charles J. Morris, Bethany Charles Hobby, Darien B. D. Hotchkiss, " William T. Barker, " John P. Downs, " A. P. Brainard, Durham F. W. Perkins, " John Shelley, " John L. Burdick, Brookfield Allen McDonald, Danburj' Alonzo Whitehead, " E. S. Griffin, " Archibald Kyle, Bethel H. S. Hawley, " Frederick Ferry, " L. Crofut, " Daniel Auger, Bran ford L. Salmons, " 180 BUSINESS DIRECTORY, Eli as Pratt, Essex A. G. Wolf, Groton Asa Parker, (( Nathan Starr, " E. W. Pratt 2d, " G. Wilcox, " D. C. Gates, East Lyme VVm. Scolield, Greenwich T. S. Gordon, " A. S. Palmer, " Calvin Spencer, " VV. J. Piatt, " Russell Ames, - " David Lyon & Son, " A. H. Potter, Eastford E. Lane, " Zen as Bugbee, " D. Lounsbury, " John Duffie, East Hartford Moses Burr, Hartford J. Strong, " Walter Furlong, " Henry Forbes, " Hay den & Keeney, >< E. Stevens, i( J. & J. R. Jackson, " Ralph Ensign, " Michael Sweny, " William Allen, K Staples & Pratt, '( Benjamin Hall, Easton E. VV. Eutice, Harwinton Charles Hall, " Ozias Johnson, " Philo Drover, Ellington Elihu Judd, Huntington VV. McFall, East Windsor J. Gilbert, " David Riordon, << Hezekiah Hubbell, « John A. Abel, (( Joseph Carrier, Ilartland Potter & Parsons, Enfield Selden Carrier, " Joseph Bent, " H. Huxford, " Lee Hardville, '< Lewis Emmons, " D. S. Ashley, (( John & Henry Gates, «' Austin S. Shailer, East Haddam Roger S. Williams, Hampton Ezra T. Jones, " Harvey Crane, Hebron Elijah Spencer, u D. W. Ticknor, " Lucius H. Smith, Franklin David Church, Haddam Arad Robinson, « William Bailey, " Lewis Hart, Farmington Harvey Tooley, Killingworth Charles Trott. • >( N. P. Hemingway, " Selah Wescott, " Alonzo Stuart, Kent John Graves, Guilford Jerome Johnson, " Leverett Griswold, " Bushnell Turner, Ledyard M. A. Leete, « Jesse Chapman, " David Parmelee, " J. Whipple, " J. M. Simpson, " A. D. Holmes, Lebanon J. G. Johnson, " S. L. Williams, " J. A. Scranton, '« R. C.Moshier, " F. S. Howe, Griswold G. L. Loomis, " J. C. Glasko, " James B. Perry, Lisbon J. B. Kenyon, " L. T. Stevens, " Jerome Couch, Glastenbury David Beach, Monroe Horace Goodrich, " E. D. Beardsley, " Asa G osier. «' L. Higgius, " D. H. Couch. « H. Huf^d, " F. Richmond, " William Porter, " S. W. Scovill, Goshen H. Statton, " 0. Palmer, " William Crandall, Middletown Carlton Nichols, " Augustus Coles, " M. & E. Cushman, Granby Dennis Cogan, " Howard Griffin, " John Henshaw, " Cooly Taylor, " John Norton, " Carlos Wilcox, " Timothy Loomis, (So. Farms,) " Henry Merwin, «' Daniel H. Prior, " " D. H.' Searle, Groton Allen Bow, Middletield Lyman Dudley, ' T. D. Snvder, " Frederick Keeler, Brookfield J. W. Storrs, " H. Page & Co., Branford Buel & Beecher, " Jesse Millspaugli, Canaan George DeForest, Woodbury M. H. Sanger, Canterbury T. W. Walker, " D. F. Southwiek, Cromwell Charles Butts, •1 H. Wolfram, " Z. Larkin, Wethersfield Giles C. Grinnel, Clinton 0. Hamson, " Sherman Barnes, Cornwall Levi Goodrich, (( T. C. Hanford, Dan bury Edward W. Taylor, Westport E. S. Sanford, " E.A. Williams, " C. S. Wilson, " W. E. Diekerman, " A. Ilickox, « F. Morehouse, " S. H. Boughton, << John Clark, Windham Beecher & Parmelee, Durham Rider & Co., Willington P. Sturdevant, I' Benjamin Bradley, Weston C. M. Parsons, it M. B. Rowland, J. P. Camp, 188 BUSINESS DIRECTOTY. Xoah Knapp, Darien H. & W. Johnson, Middletown L. Whitney, " A. R. Parshley, " Julius At\yood, East Haddam Daniel J. Neal, " C. F. S^isson, " Jefferson Bacon, " G. W. Jones, " John Cook, " M. II. Silliman, " William A. Knowles, •' H. Sillimau & Sons, " Butler Brothers, Meriden George Wakeman, " Clark Canfield, *' Jonathan Webster, Enfield Morris Stevens, " E. D. Killam, " Almon Birdsey, " Tiiomas Barrit, " E. S. Smith, Middlebury Timothy Pitkin, Ellington S. F. Willard, Madison E. S. Winton, Easton V. M. & 0. M. Wilcox, " Edwards Brothers, " M. S. Dowd, (t J. C. Red field, Essex Jonah Piatt, Milford Charles Pratt, " Charles H. Peck, " John Dan ton. Greenwich A. B. Pitkin & Co. Manchester A. C. Tift, Groton C. A. Woodbridge & Co. " William Latham, " Spencer H. Winchester, " H. C. Holmes, " Union Manufacturing Co " Cheesbro & Davis, " Judson Curtis, Monroe Heath & Godfrey, " John Peck, Naugatuck Nelson Kenyon, Griswold Spencer, Root & Co. " Lathrop & Co. " Benjamin Dayton, 11 G. F. Howard, " Morris Tyler, New Haven A. J. Case & Co. Hartford Bristol & Hall, '• Chapin & Belding, " Samuel Stevens, " Joseph Delliber, t( Joel B. Foote, '• Sidney A. Ensign, 'i 11. P. Jones, " Leonard Goddard, '( Ralph Tyler, " J. H. Goodwin & Co. " Levi Sherman, " Arnold Holt, " Moses Way, " T. J. Reane, " J. N. Peters, " N. Kelley, <( H. Herz, " William Lyons, " J. Strouse, « Amos Lamed, " H. Marcus, It F. A. Marcy, • ' Julius Tibias, » William H. Miller, " G. & C. Bradley, " E. Overend, " J. H. Howarth, " Daniel Potter, " E. H. Frisbie, " F. Plympton, " J. Foote, Jr., (C Wilcox & Barber, " A. Lutz, '* Thomas Winship, " C. Weiler, " AVork & Haynes, " R. Stone, (t George Kelsey, Haddam N. C. Mix, 11 0. P.^Smith, " J. A. Denslow, « 1 G.S. Gladwin & Co. " E. W. Fisk, X William Brown, Hampton O. Goodman, " S. Tiffany, " J. R. Street, " R. Linsley, Huntington A. A. WILCOX, (Fair Ha ven,) " Batchelor & Rowell, Lisbon [See Advertisemejit,] Elijah Bailey, Ledj-ai'd S. W. Tuttle, (Fair Haven,) " |i R. Daimond, " Samuel Linsley, " " Christopher Newton, " C. W. Hemingway, " " Asa Gray, " Charles Smith, Norwalk Samuel Stearns, Middletown J. P. Hanford, a William M. Ward, " Charles Fields, (( Ward & Rutty, George Hoyt, " BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 189 J. M. Bidwell, Norwich Henry Smith, Stamford E. Bowers, « J. Waterbury, " William Browning, >< James Cranska, Thompson J. Iresoii & Sons, « Miles Beardslee, Trumbull G. A. Jones, " 0. E. Plumb, '< Thomas J. Ridgway, " John Wilson, Torrington L. 8. Booth, New Britain Wooding Charles Smith, Jr. A. G. Parker, Ridgefield Rocky Hill Box Makers. R. Grimes, «' Charles Patchin, Bethel R. Chapman, " Edward Prince, (papei box,) A. Bradley & Co. Southington William J. Barnum, ' 1 « A. T. Clark & Co. " Alanson Richards, Bristol Isaac Losee, Seymour Standish & Wright, Colchester Alfred Hull, ' " Festus E. Adams, (paper box,) Chat- 1| William M. Perry, Stratford ham Robert Dayton, " Edward S. Davis, Danbury Loom is & Co., Suffield Abijah H. Abbott, " C. H. Glens, Salisbury George E. Stevens, " Thomas Strittlam, Salem George Starr, " A. J. Treadway, * " John Green, " D. P. Otis, " Diodate Palmer, (tobacco box,) East | Lives & Downs, Southbury Windsor, A. H. Banning, Saybrook Edward H. Purple, East Haddam D. 0. Emmons, " 0. & 0. House, (cigar, ) Glastenbury William J. Adams, Stamford John B. Southmayd, Granby 190 BUSINESS DIRECTORY. F. S. Kelsey, Granby Henry S. White, Middletown William W. Bailey, (packing boxes,) (Middlefield,) Middletown Henry Gladding, New Haven J. & W. Clark, C. S. Trowbridge, New Milford Silvanus Stone, New Britain Birge & Mather, (cigar,) Suffield Abel King, " " Samuel C. Gladding, Saybrook Henry Sutliff, Southington B.F.Brown, Thompson John Crawford, Union Samuel Crawford, " J. W. White, (paper box,) Waterbury William Odell & Son, Wasliington Harvey Ford, (cheese,) Winchester Isaac A. Bronson, " " Botanic Medicines. H. J. Fish, Guilford J. W. Johnson, Hartford Isaac J. Sperry, " T. S. Sperry, " H. R. Burr, Killingworth Ellsworth Burr, Middletown Selden Sprague, New Haven S. A. Spencer, " J. V. Wilson, Norwich Stephen Curtis, Stratford O. 13. Lj'man, Windham William R. Otis, Buckskin Glove and MittenMan- nfacturers. J. & S. Beers, West Cornwall Union Leather Co. Watertown Button Manufacturers, Alfred Griswold & Co. Essex Miller, Coe & Bennett, (bone) Middle- field Hopkins & Wheeler, (covered) Nauga- tuck Asahel Smith, (bone) Naugatuck George Smith, (covered) " Monroe Terrill, (Japanned) Daniel Hall, G. F. Tillson, Lemuel Curtis, John Warner, Lj'man Chipman, R. N. Ilawley, Jordan & Bidwell, R. R. Russell, Turney Sanford, 0. Guiles, Newtown Oxford Prospect Redding M. C. Sanford, Redding Anson Vincent, " Anson Mathews, Southington Lewis Downs, Southbury Seovill Manfg. Co. (metal) Waterbury L. Prilchard, American Ring Co. " " Ilayden Manfg. Co. " " Waterbury Button Co." " Gibbud Brothers, " " Lane Manfg. Co. " " Wm. R. Hitchcock & Co, D. B. Hurd & Co. (metal) Waterbury Jewelry Co. (metal) " Brokers. E. Lacy, Bridgeport Lott Newell, Bristol S. Winchester, Coventry William F. Taylor, Danbury William W. Baldwin, Guilford Adam Tudor, Hartford A. S. Beckwith, Thomas H. Belden, " D. W. Clark, James W. Dimock, " C. II. Newton, , « J. B. Russell, Harvey Seymour, " H. C. iiutler & Co. TMeriden H. S. Wheeler, Middlebury Russell Eldridge, Manchester William A. Reynolds, New Haven Jonathan Hillyer, " George E. Blakeslee, " Frisbie & Wilson, " Henry Huggins, " William W. Baldwin, " Henry Eld, " John W. Mansfield, " 0. Pease, " P. & H. P. Hoadley, Ira Merwin, " Merit S. Gilbert, Norwich Asa Cutler, Putnam Daniel Lord, Windham Brickmakers. Salmon Ilowd, Barkhamsted Wilson Case, " A. M. & F. E. Thompson, Bethlem A. M. Talbot, Brooklyn G. A. Harris, Benton & Todd, A. R. Boardman, H. H. Maynard, P. C. Rowan, P. J. Marsh, Canton Cromwell Columbia Danbury BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 191 Jarvis Polly, Danbury H.H.Filley, Windsor E. S. Benedict, " William Mack, Jr. " Dwight Keeney, East Hartford N. H. & J. H. Barber, Lampson Dunn, East Windsor Isaac L. Hayden, " W. C. Gady, Enfield T. & P. A. Judson, Woodbury William Kingsbury, " E. S. Hickox, Watertown E. Sanford, Farmington Amos Hurlbut, West Hartford H B. Sellew, Glasteiibury Abel Bristol, Washingion Jared Caswell, " Fenner Maine, Windham 11. G. & D. Birge, Harwinton Samuel French, Waterbury Ira Beardsley, Huntington D. E. Bronson, " Orrin Freeman, Had dam Brewers. Lyman Beardsley, D. 0. Sage,(South Far Monroe ms,)Middletowu John Bentze, Bridgeport Ward & Johnson, '• Jacob Kberley, Hartford George L. Tuttle, " J. Snelling, " Samuel Gilbert, " David Koening, " A. Y. Ilebard, Norwich P. Fresenius, New Haven R. N. Hawley, Newtown Nicklass & Brother, " J. A. Shepard, Norfolk John Francis, Norwich Warren, Mansfield & Stiles Brick Co. North Haven Britania Ware Makers. Fiteh & Hemingway, " Holmes it Tuttle, Bristol A. & J Culver, " T. D. Boadman, Hartford Charles Ferris, New Milford Charles Parker, Meriden Loyal Moulthrop, E. T. Fenn, New Britain Orange Buckle Makers. James Allen, Putnam Ilayward Rubber Co. Colchester N. N. Strickland, Portland American Buckle Co. Middletown E. Hewitt, Preston West Haven Buckle Co. (W. Haven,) Frank Kimball, " Orange M. K. Standish, '•' Waterbury Buckle Co. Waterbury N. C. Sanford, John B. Knapp, Redding Stamford Brush Makers. S. & E. Piatt, South bury Joseph Lee, East Bridgeport Elihu Case, Simsbury A. D. Euson, Hartford William B. King, Hardin Stoughton, Suffield South Windsor Cabinet Makers. Oliver Stoughton, " David AV. Post, Andover H. R. Stoughton, . C. Knapp, Greenwich T. & B. Kennedy, " Hewes & Lewman, " Samuel Hickox, Seymour Loomis Brothers, Granby Augustus Weed, Stamford E. Jackson, Groton 'W'aterbury Clock Co. Waterbury C. G. Day & Co (wholesale,) Hartford | William L. '.ilbert, Winchester J. & M. Merriman, '■ William M. Gilbert, Winsted Chiules Griffin, " Clock Trimmings. S. E, Cha])man, A. Bernheimer, .< R. L Dunbar, Bristol B Beardslee, " W. II. Nettleton, " G. H. Chi Ids, " S. E Root, " William Cutler, '< J. H. Koot, " Thomas Darrow, " Ammi Norton, New PI a veil H. Ensign, " T. H. Lampson, Southington Ephraim & Wieke, " Clothing. J. M. Goodhart, Mrs Goodhart, .< Peter Beck, Briiigeport Ilornthall & Selling, " John Clark, 11. S. Larkum, " F. N. Clute, " Mark Levy, " D. W. Currier, " L. Levi, " Nathan Gould, " 1). Mayer & Co. " Grounderson & Houston , " Mayer & Sinmions, " Hamilton & Kayniond, " N. Raymond, " Hatch & Beach, " L. Rothenluirgh, " E. S. Hawley, <• Rothenburgh & Straus, " Jacob Jacobs, " Snelling & Ilornthall, " Morris Jacob, " H. Wallach, " ' Klopstock & Salomon, I' William F. Whittlesey " Pinkney Lesser, " R. W\ Linsley, Huntington Ilezekiah Lewis, " Benham & Boardman, Middletown Lewis Salomon, " William J. Gilbert, " William Scott, " John N. Camp, " Jacob Wumer, " N. V. Fagan, " M. & D. White, " David J. Neal, " Galjiin & Loveland, Berlin Origen Utley, " J. W. Hamilton, Brookfield Ira C. P^aton, " William M. I'ayne, Bristol Samuel Davis, " Markham & Simmons, " Morris Levy, " Henry W. Peck, Bethlein A. Morris, " C. II Rogers & Co. Colchester Alanson Birdsey, Meriden Peck ife Bai-nes, Canton L. S. Green & Son, " M. Beers & Sons, Cornwall Linus Birdsey, " S. Gibbs & Son, Chester Joseph H. Stevens, " Cliarles T. Stevens, Danbury Jacob Levy, " T. G. Robinson, " Clark Caniield, " Samuel Uarker, " W. k W. T. Fitch, New Haven Edward W. Sanford, " Frank Chatlertou, " Samuel Zarkoski, " Knevals & Co. " Geoi-ge Mather, Darien L. Asher, " Stevens & Chapman, Essex J. Barnum, BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 203 ' William Berckley, New Haven John W. Lockwood, Rocky Hill Parmelee & Hawley, " Charles W. Storrs, Seymour ' Samuel Tolles, " William T. Riley, Stamford A. Boichrardt, " Thomas Irving, " J. L. Cooper, " William B. Toucey, " J. N. Choyiiski ct Co. " W. Cohen, " William Franklin. " Bradley Terrill, Saybrook Lewis Felman, " C. T. VV^ard, Vernon Jacob Heller, " H. C. Parker, " Isaac Uilman, " J. P. Kline, " Abrain Uilman, " J. A. Bushnell, Winchester Joseph Uilman, " Foster & Ilurlbut, " A. Kauffman, " W. A. Chamberlain, " J. C. Miles, " H. V. Blake. " i Jacob Morris, '< John Regwin, Windham Hershe Mvers, " George E. Elliott, " T. B. Mix; " II. H. Belden, Westport ! David Post, " Sperry & Bardwi-ll, ! I H. Nadler, " Sullivan Moulton, " i Abram Oldman, " Starr, Clark ife Co. Watertown Isador Pancher, " Phoenix Co. " Isaac Strouse, " Merritt Hemingway, " Joseph Trowbridge, " Coach Trimmers. 1 Jacob Thalman, Isaac Williams, w Waterbury Brown, Canterbury Danhury Enfield M. Zorkouski, R. C. Smith, (Fair Haven,) " Walter Chase, Asaph King, Hemingway & Rowe, Black & Nelson, * Titus H. Darrow, Farmington Norwich George Harris, " Brewer Brothers, Joseph Chamausky, Cunier & Co. John 0. Smith, Daniel Dewey, II. W. Godard, Franklin Groton Granby Clark Harrington, " George Beebe, John W. Hayes, Rowland B. Morey, Ephraim Myers, Bailey & Collins, New Britain Lucius Higgins, George C. Billings, James Taylor, Stephen French, Hebron 1 Monroe Thomas Riley, Charles S. Lockwood, N. Fenk, Elbert Curtis, Norwalk Samuel A. Miles, Milford I " Samuel S. Beach, H. W. Newton, Boyd Buckingham, Middlebury New Milford Comstock & Co. New Canaan William F. Keables, New London Edward Starr, Newtown Henry C. Brush, Ridgefield D. H. Johnson, William Tate, " New London Bradley Treadwell, A. F. Robbins, Redding Rocky Hill ' T. M. Lyon, Shepard & Harris, Chester Seymour, Simsbury « N. A. Crane, Vernon J. di Q. W. Crandall, (1 George Soughton, 1 H. Feldman, (( N. A. Steans, Windham i 1 James Clark, " Coach Lace Manufacturers. | M. Archer, " Coach Lace Co. Bridn;eport Charles C. Noble, New Milford B. K. Mills & Co. .. Robert Erwin, " J. Pierson, New Haven [ Oliver Hewitt, T. S. PhiUips, John E. Ross, Preston Laban Pardee, " Putnam Coach Larup Manufacturers. Olney & Miles, " C. Cowles & Co. 2\ew Haven A. Campbell, Portland A. J. Cutler, 1 1 204 BDSINESS DIRECTORV. Coal and "Wood Dealers. i Giddinjjs, Minor & strong, N. Britain A. & E. lioi^'ci's, Braiitbrd George H. Handle, Nor walk A. 11. Bene'aict, Bethel Mallory & Curtiss, » Jose]>li A. Banks, Bridgeport Thomas L. Peck, i< Ira (irci^ory it Son, " Samuel Raymond, (coal, ) New Canaan E. M. Hall, Holt &, Congdon, New Loudon A. L. Hull, Prentice & Learned, .< S. Loun>burv, " Samuel Ilobun, >i n. T. Wheeler, Moses Darrow, .. William II. Mattison, Canaan Dean Pi-att, a H. M. Dunham, Chatham James Fitch, Jr. " Benjamin Archer, " Daniel Marsh, New Milford Charles H. Webb, Darien Marshall Marsh, " W. H. Gregory, Edward Ghappell, Norwich Lyon C. Burr, Danbury Robei't G. Coit, " S. II. Brooks, East Bridgeport J. G. Huntington, " D. VV. Thompson & Co. " J. M. Huntington ife Co. " i J. A. Ayers, East Hartford John Tracy, Preston I Horace Williams, " K. S. Blakesley, Prospect David Woodiiitr, Enfield Harmon Payne, .< Gray & Terry, " George Payne, " 1 Whitte.nore & Andrews, Essex G. W. Hillard, Portland Parmelee, Hayden & Co. " Chapman & Lockwood, Rocky Hill E. N. Pierce & Co. Farmington Benjamin G. Webb, " Guy Sampson, (wood,) Glastenbury Alanson Lyon, Redding Henry Talcott, " William II. Beers, (coal ) Ridgi-lield C. N. Carter, (coal,) S. & C. W. Snow, Say brook ! Nelson Kenyon, (wood,) Griswold Shailor & Kingsley, " Elihu Spieer, Groton Albert C. Clark, (t William Latham, " Robert Ilardwell, Stamford J. L Darrow, " Klbert White &, Co. .' Sanford Morgan, " Oliver Scoheld, " (;hapin & Brainard, (cnal,) Hartford Isaac Smith, Stratford 1 E. Flower & Co. T. B. Fairchild, •' ; Lord ' Ela Parker, Essex J.'K. Southmayd, " Wm. H. Howe, Glastenbury E. C. Thompson, " Millard E. Howe, •' Charles White, " Francis Taylor, " E. S. Smith, Middlebury Sylvester Fox. « Dawson & Douglass, (wholesale,) New Haven Joshua Goodall, Walter House, Ci H. 11. Snow, (wholesale,) New Haven Isaac & James Scofield, Greenwich S. & G. Rogers, New London Truman Gillette, Gran by Ishiim Trompson, " William Landon, Goshen J. B. Ransom, " Wm. H. Bentley, Groton J. H Ames, Norwich Charles Read, Hartford Thomas Lacy, " C. & H. Weeks, D. & A. Moore, " E. S. Fuller, Hampton Lucius Peckham, " Fen ton Martin, " Henry G. Ransom, " Asa Bushtiall, Hartland D. H. Rathbone, " Benson Coe. " Oliver H. Tubbs, " Dennis L. Rood, Huntington J. H. Cam])bell, Norwalk H. Babcock, Hebron H. & E. Beebe, " Enoch P. Mann, " Abram Offin. New Canaan J. G. Bartholemew, Harwinton Francis Bovd, " T. Jackson, Lebanon H. H. Taylor, Stamford H. F. Johnson, Middlebury BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 207 1 Wm. Williams, Monlville Beers Wheeler, Bridgeport Henry Rudd, " Daniel Blackman, Geo. VV. Alexander, " Chipman. Randal & Co. Groton Cliarles Prindle, Monroe Mar--.hall & Smith, Hartford 1 Alfred Mallett, Milford Conrad Whitmore, '" Samut'l L. Burns, " Wm Stroud, Middletown Wm. Or. Tibbals, i< W. & B. DOLTGLASS, " i Henry J. Church, Meriden [iSee Advertisement ] Thomas, Gordon, New Haven Prior, Lewi* & Co. " Alanson Lewis, " A. Watrous & Co Meriden Henry McXeil, " J. & E. Parker, Miner & Hotehkiss, " L. C. Dudley, Madison J. P. Palmer. (Fair Haven.) " New Haven Copper Co. New Haven Rulkly, New Milford Thomas Lawton, " Alexander Allyn, Norfolk Albert Douglass Mch. Co. N. London Francis Boyd, Newtown Wilson Manuf. Co. Charles Webb, New Canaan Nailor Iron Works, " John Clark, New London Pierce & Robertson, Norwich L. H. Tracy, " John Robertson, Preston i N. S. Gardner, " John W. Hobart, Southington N. S. Chipman, D. S. Avers, u Copi^er Co. Seymour Wolcottviile Brass Co. Torrington Wm. Curtis, New Britain Waterbury Brass Co. Waterbury Joseph Clark, Norwich Brown & Brothers, " John Dewe}', Albert G. Dewey, Joseph Cole, Preston Portland Coppersmiths. H. C. Brainard, Hartford J. Ferguson, Jas. M. Gardner, Sa^em Russell J. Munson, New Haven Joshua Miller, " Jas. S. Tew, S. N. Strickland, << Wm. Howarth, " Pierce & Robertson, Norwich Whitney Shepard, Peter C. Stockwell, David W. Dakin, John Chamberlain, Robert Baird, Seth Miller, Simsbury Salisbury Sharon Stamford Cordage, Whittemove & Andrews, Essex E. Pendleton, New Haven Atwater & Cayill, " A. H. Alny, Norwich John Breed, " Falls Co. (Yantic.) " Converse Norton, " E. R. Palmer, Westport . Noah A. Osborn, Ephraim Keecli, Joseph Curtis, Elijah Roundy, Seymour Sterling Stratford Trumbull Abner Davis, Thompson Curry Com^bs. Franklin Bixby, Lyman Fuller, C. Crane, Tolland Windham laristol Hardware Co. Bristol Hotehkiss & Son, Sharon Jas L. Kenea, Wolcott Currying- Knives. Noah Bishop, Woodbury Bennett & Wildman, Brookfield John Glazier, Edwin Sperry, David A. Norton, Waterbury Water town J. Chatfield, Seymour Country Stores, Samuel Bartis, Truman Woodruff, Washington {In which a General Variety is Sold.) Copper & Brass Founders. Wm. A. Fitch, Andover Charles J. Fitch, « L. H. Carter & Co. Ansouia Ralph S. Lincoln, " Phelps, Dodge & Co. Wallace & Sons, <. John J. Perry, " John A.. Brown & Co. Ashford Bristol Brass & Clock Co. Bristol R. G. Burnham, " 208 BUSINESS DIRECTOTY, Joseph Phillips, James lUchnionJ, John A. Murphy, Alfred Kellogg, James Hilton, David Hawley, J. 11. I'age & Co. E. F. Ivogers & Son, John W j^insley, Homeo Elton, Geo. W. Merritt, Phoenix Co. Knox & Judson, Homer Skidmore, H. E. & G. Merriman, Julius R. Mitchell, Griffin & Shepard, R. M. Andrews, A. H. Storrs & Co. Benjamin C. Grant, Grant & Potter, James 11. Green, E. H. Williams, Wm. Howard, Daniel Johnson, Henry L. Peek, Levi G. Knapp, Kufus Parker, ])aniel G. Beers, Galpin & Loveland, Alfred North, Henry L. Cadwell, Samuel Upson, Charles M. Brown, Daniel Belden, Franklin Ferry, Henry H. Baird, Eli S. Barnum, Ransom Seelye, Fairoliild k Hawley, Peter M. Hubbell, James Peckham, Asa Fitch, M. W. Comstock & Co. p]xehange Co. Cariier & Hurd, Titus Whiimore, Erastus Ringe, Allen Lincoln, Harloii Canada, Marvin H. Sanger, C. R Hills. Chas. R. Fuller, W. W Caulkins, William Williams, Fredc^rick Wntsdn, Beckly & Adam, U. II. Miner, Ash ford Avon Branford Burlington Barkhamsted Bethlem Bristol (< it Brookljm Bolton Brookfield Berlin (( Bethel Bozrah Chatham Chaplain Canterhury Colunibia Canaan Scovil & Green, Canami Henry Wetherel, Pratt & Foster, Cornwall J. & S. Beers, Cornwall Iron Co. " M. Beers & Son, " II. &E Hitchcock, " II. C. Gregory, " Clark & Barnes, « " Cornwall ISi'iilge Iron Co. " Edmund Kiff, " John B. Doughty, " John White, D. F. Southwick & Co. Charles Kirby, " Normand Spencer, " Ridph Hubbard, Ransom Rockwell, Colebrook H. H. De Wolf, Sayer & Nooney, " Barber & Goodman, Canton Peck & Barnes, Ilugins & Whelock, " George Adams, " George Loomis, " J. B. Wheeler, Colchester Pomeroy Hall, Albert B. Isham, " Ralph T Carrier, " C. II. Rogers & Co. Worthington & Latham, " Palmer . Spencer, L. J. Fuller, Geo. H. Bailey, J. L. Babcock, Elijah Bailey, Christopher Newton, Asa Gray, " Russell Dinion, " Geo. W. Guy, (S. Farms,) Middletown Smith & Goodrich, " " Brainard Spencer, '• " Alfred Bailey, (Middlefield,) " Ives Brothers & Co. Meriden Linus Birdsey, " Charles P. Colt, D. & N. G. Miller, ^y alter Hubbard, " Anon Clark, Milford Nathan Fenn, " John W. Merwin, " Ed. B. Smith, Samuel F. Willard, Madison J. A. Nettleton, Selah Lee, " V. M. & C. M. Wilco.x, Abel Scranton, " Alvin A. Blake, " Wm. S. Batchley, Judson Curtiss, Monroe Isaiah Burritt, " Allen Piatt, Selim Booth, " David F. Whitlock, Norman I'eck, " Union Store, Mansfield G. C. Ri.xford, Daniel P. Storrs, " S. B. Brewster, " Conant & Durham, Mansfield C. N. Shumway, " S. S. Fuller, G. W. Calhoun, " Lew's Brigliam, " E. F. Bolls, C. A. Woodbridge & Co. Manchester A. B.Pitkin & Co. Union Co. " Spencer 1 C. W. Storrs, " Erastus Knight, Thompson William Hull, " Jeremiah Olney, « C. B. Wooster, " William S. Arnold, " H. W. Randall, " Lyman Kinyou, " William E. Allen, " D. A. Upham, « Ransom Tomlinson, " Isaac Sherman, " Thomas W. Sti-ietland, Salem B. S. Benson, " Andrew J. Treadway, " Walker & Sharp, " Nathaniel Foot, " Wooding tfe Lewis, (Wolco ttville,) Tor- Charles F. Ti'eadway, " rington David P. Otis, ti X. &E. A. Berry, (Wolcotville ) Tor- || Joseph D. Sanford, Simsbury rington i Edward Pea-^e, " A. G. Bra.lford, (Wolcottville,) Tor- '| Daniel C. Hayes, " rington Jaaies W. Adams, " Alvoid & Brother, (Wolco ttville,) Tor- Jiidson Wilcox, " rington Orland Dean, " William II. Coe, Torrington Ansel Arnold, Somers Nelson Roberts, Leveritt E. Pease, " H. P. Hopkins, " Warren Kibbie, " Reuben Allen, Tolland : Amaziah Kibbie, " A M. Hawkins, " A. R Smith, Sharon Walker, Harvey & Co. Union ; G. H. Chase, " ilerrick ^Marcey, " Cole &. Egajleston, " D. L. Newell, " A. C. Woodward, " Stiekney & Edgerton, Vernon E. F. Gillett, " W. W. Carrier, " ! Hiram Price, '< Groves & Selden, " Calvin Peek, " Lebbeus Bissell, " Harris it Hubbard, Salisbury Hibbard & Moore, " Robert H. Ball, " A. R. Talcott, " Julius Hollister, " Rosenbush & Hartman, " Wood, Tuppe & Selleck, " A. R. Goodrich, " William Jones, " Lloj'd Seeley, Wilton Benjamin H. Wheeler, " Charles Cannon, '■ James H. Barnum, " Eli S. Betts, 1 Rockfeller, Read & Co. " Nathan Comstock & Son. " Landon & Co. " Sherman P. Fitch, 1 John D. Joyce, " Charles II. Bouton, " S (to. W.'Snow, Saybrook George W. Lockwood, " Shilor &. Kingsbury, " James Comstock, " Albert C. Clark, " William Cable, " Alexander Pratt, " Lewis Olmstead, " W. D. Worth ington, " Elijah Betts, " A. Bradley tt Co. South ington Hiram Rusco, " : Joel Potter, " Herman & G. R. T. Baldwin, Wash- '| Wilcox, Neal & Co. " ington ' Albert Hitchcock, " Rufus T. Leavitt, Washington Upson & Pratt, " Truman H. Woodruff, " J. S. Phinney, " Erastus J. Hurlbut, " Norton, Clark & Co. " Kufus Parker, " William E. Bemis, " Marvin S. Beeman, '• Twitehell, Masse & Co. " James Dawlej', Windham John Gridley, " J. E. Cushman, " Miles Board-ley, Trumbull Horace Hall, ' I Lewis Birdsey, " Courtland Babcoek, - " A. E. Craft, C. H. & R. Davison, (( BUSINESS DIRECTORr. 213 Burnham & Huntingto W. C. Clark, George Hanover, William Flower, Gideon N'. Merrick, AVillington Glass Co. Origen Weston, Starr & Eggleston, Rider & Co. Starr, Clark & Co. Phcenix Co. Merritt Hemingway, A. F. Crofut, J. Gregory, G. M. Gorham, Benedict & Scovill Co. Brown, Holmes & Co. Pickett & Terrell, A. L. Winton, Lorenzo Tiittle, S. W. Bobbins & Co. Lock wood & Webster, J. & J. K Standisb, Ezra C. May, Paine & Morse, Samuel M. Fenner, Harris Brothers, P. C. Whitney, 0. R. Rich, Beardsley & Alvoid, S. ^\. Coe, M. & C. J. Camp & Co. Shepliard cfe Andrews, Norton & Hunt, William B. Andrews it R. S. Beecher, S. & L. Hiirlbut, Theron Bronson, Beardsley & Peck, Stiong. Bull & Co. M. HeForest Co. Jason Baker, Allen & Daj'ton, Heman Botsford, Burton Gilbert, Swift & Whiting, Erastus W. Warner, n, " Vv'indhara Williugton Wateitown Weston Waterbury Westport Wetliersfield Woodstock Winchester Co. Wooobury Warren Wolcott Crockery and Glass Ware. Booth, Peck & Barlow, Bridgeport Porter, Booth & Co. " L. cfe L. B. Hesling, George Hull & Sou, Danbury L. Stebbins & Co. " B. C. Nichols, J. M. Barnum, " Nelson Kenyon, Griswold Prentice & Morgan, Groton Sage & Gilbert, Hartford S. P. Kendall & Co. H. W. Goodwin, " D. R. Tefft, J. G. Wells, R. W. Linsley, Huntington E. S. Smith, Middlebury S. F. Willard, Madison J. A. Nettleton, " Selah Lee, " V. M. & C. M. Wilcox, Abel Scranton, " Ives Brothers & Co. Meriden L. Birdsey, " H. W. Curtiss, Ward Coe, 'William H. Atkins, Middletown Chaffee Brothers, " William Southmayd, " Wliittlesey & Co. New Haven E. S. Minor, W. R. Lloyd, Thomas Briglit, " Clark & Co. (Fair Haven,) " H. W. Brougliton & Co. (Fair Haven,) New Haven C. & E. R. Lockwood, Korwalk A. C. Blank & Co. J. W. Eggleston, New London Robert M. Haven, Norwich Bartlett & Williams, Portland J. B. U'oucey, Stamford Playford tk fcmitli, " Hdlley Manufacturing Co. Salisbury John N. Betts, • Westport Alva Gray, " J. J. Booth, Waterbury Burnham & Huntington Windham William Flower, " J. ])auley, " J. E. Cushman, " Cotton Cloth, Sheeting, etc. Avon Manuf'g Co. Avon Quinebaug Manuf'g Co. Brooklyn Kent Manuf'g Co. Bozrah Asa Fitch, " Moodus Manuf'g Co. (iloodus,) East Haddam, Ashland Co. Griswold J. E. Linsley, " J. & W. Slater, Wasue Mills, Glastenbury Walkinson & Barthrol, Hartford Cotton, Plaid and Stripe, Marlborough Union Manuf'g Co. Manchester Uncasville Manuf'g Co. Montville T. R. Wells & Co. North Stonington 214 BUSINESS DIRECTORY. A. n. Almv, Norwich A. H. Almy, Norwich John Breed & Co. Jolui Breed & Co. " Falls Co. (Yantic Falls.) Falls Co. (Yantic Falls,) " Norton, Converse & Co. ((ireenville,) Norton, Converse & Co. (Greenville,) Norwich Norwich Shetucket Mills, Norwich Shetucket Mills, Norwich Cotton Factory, Naugatuck Harris & Bro. Woodstock Morse & Bailey, I'utnani T. Warner & Son, " Edward Wilkinson, " A. W. Jillson, (sail twine ) Willimantic Ilosea Ballon, " M. J. Morse & Co. Cotton Thread. |j Union Dale Mill, Flainfield Fuller & llahey, Tolland Wanregam " " Willimantie Thread Co. Willimantic Almyville " (Almyville,) " Willimantic Linen Co. Willington Alniyville " (Central Village,)" 0. & G. Hall, " J. B. Ames, " Oneeo Manuf'g Co. Sterling Cotton Gins, Sterling Manut'g Co. " Alberton & Douglass, New London Granite Mills, Stafford Cotton Gin Co. Waterbury Masonville Co. Thompson Goddard, Pritchard & Co. " Cotton Rope. || Walker & Sharp, William Gray, Hebron Billings & Upham, " E. H. Palmer, (Palmer Town,) Mont- Tuxes Co. Windsor ville M. A. Mathews, " Henry Wheeler, Mont ville Windham Manuf g Co. Windham David Thompson, " Southville Manuf'g Co. " A. U. Almy, Norwich G. P. Smith, Woodstock John Breed cfe Co. " Cotton Warp. Falls Co. (Yantic Falls,) Norton, Converse ifc Co . (Greenville,) Hop River Co. Columbia Norwich Burr ell & Parsons, Hampton Shetucket Mills, Norwich William Gray, Hebron Mutual Manufg Co. Manchester Cotton Wicking. Globe Mill Co. ' William Gray, Hebron Norfolk Manufg Co. Norfolk Hendee & Page, " Richmondville Co. (T. R, Lees,) West- . port Branch Factory, (E. R. Young,) West- Dagiierreotypisis. ]| John Churchill, Bristol port Phoenix Co. 'Vernon William A. Ferry, " W. W. Narraraore, Bridgeport Wells Manuf'g Co. Windham William L. Nichols, Lewis & Mallory, .. Cotton Batting. William Ivelsey, Clinton Wildman, Keeler & Co. Brookfield V. 0. Brown, Colchester N. P. Douglass, East Lyme E. S. HoUister, Cornwall Olmsted tfeLaw, (Hazardville,)Entield Charles Gillett, Canaan Darien Hendee & Page, Hebron William Gray, " G. P. Smith, Woodstock James Conzon, Edward D. Kitten, Danbury T. M. Sheriden, Enfield Talcott & Brace, West Hartford Nathan Pratt, Essex Phcenix Mills, Westport N. B. Vars, Groton Hotchkiss & Merriman, Waterbury H. H. Bartlett & Co. N. T. Chapin, Hartford Cotton Twine. James Chase, " N. P. Douglass, East Lyme W. H. Chase, " William Gray, Hebron G. W. Davis, *' Atwater & Cargill, New Haven N. A. Moore, BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 215 Leverett Parmelee, Cliarles Page, Buntlay & Williams, George Plumb, William A. Judson, H. V. Porter, William H. Jennings, E. P. Kinne, William M. Ross, S. B. Dart, Lyon & Kenyon, Beers & Mansfield, M Moulthrop, J. II. Wells & Co. H. J. Rogers, P. Pardee, Jr. J. C. Porter, n. Van Gieson, G. W. Lewis, H. G. Husted, A. W. Gray, Jr. William A. Fenn, George R. Treat, Charles Kelsey, E. P. Kellogg, J. H. V. Doughty, T. Bartlett, G. N. Granniss, Killingworth Meriden Middletown Milford Few Britain Naugatuck Korwich New London iS'ew Haven Noi'walk New Canaan Newtown New Milford Stamford Saybrook Vernon Winchester Windham Waterbury Daguerreotype Case, &c., Makers. S. Peck & Co. New Haven N. C. Hall & Co. David C. Scott, Oxford Wadham Manuf'g Co. Torrington Holmes, Booth & Haj-den, Waterbury Scovill Manufacturing Co. " Dentists. W. M. Curtis, Charles Merritt, Pelton & Sage, A. Schoonmaker, Wales A. Can dee, Jabez C. Kelloge, S. E. Swift, — Shattuck, S. S. Fuller, R. Preseott, Samuel Sands, William J. Rider, B. St. John, John H. Reed, Robert Pattin, B. n. Stevens, Royal Corfin, Sidney S. Fuller, F. W."Lee, F. T. Mercer, Bridgeport Bethel Bristol Cornwall Colchester Can ton Canaan I Darien Danbury East Windsor Ellington Essex [Farmington Granby Guilford Groton H. L. Burbee, William Batchley, C. Bullock, Samuel S. Crane, E. E. Crofoot, J. M. Greanleaf, C. 0. Hall, C. M. Hooker, A. Newton, Hiram Preston, J. M. Riggs, John W^ Northam, E. A. Stiles, Edward B. Miller, Isaac Wool worth, I'elton . Curtis Goddard, " S. Swift, Mansfield Marcus Woodward, Somers Samuel Cross, " Holmes, Reynolds & Co. " || L. II. Hooker, " Henry Clark, Stafford J. E. Dimock, " D. Noble, Southbury Rarnum Curtiss, Monroe Daniel Abbott, " LitiJsley & Carlisle, New Haven A. H. Shelton, " Edward Harrison, '• W. W. Olmstead, '( Stephen Maine, North Stonington I. N. Jones, Salem Robert Billings, " M. S. Clark, " Charles A. Lewis, New London N. R. Wooster & Co. Seymour Giles Perkins, " W. J. Wright, Suffield M. M. Comstock, « Abel King, " Citv Steam Grain Mills " Eli Wheeler, Stratford S. J. & J. J. Stilison, New Milford Benedict Peck, " Marshal Marsh, " Oneca Manufacturing Co. Sterling Seymour Morehouse, " Sterling Manufacturing Co. " || Nelson Knowls, " Henry Wescott, " Philander & J. W. Hull, North Haven Wm. Bates, '< S. A. Rogers & Bro. North Branford Podruck Mill Co. South Windsor Luther Chidsey, " Dry Brook Mill, ' Lewis Spayer, " Daniel Bohan, i' Spencer <& Gridley, " Dan S. Cooper, «•• William H. Squire, " E. H. Cooper, i Colin & Spear, " E. R. Parlin, " George W. King, " Asa C. Smith, " Ezra Bishop, New Haven E. A. Woodford, New Britain J. F. Duke, Wm. Blakeslee, Newtown New Britain Jewelry Co. New Britain Shelden Blackman, New Mill'ord Churchill, Stanley & Co. 0. S. Clark, Norwalk Waterbury Jewelry Co. Waterbury Alfred Jackson, " Jewelry, Watches, etc. Gordon & Bacon, D. B. Ilempsted, New London J. T. Kimball, Avon Andrew Hobson, " J. C. Blackman, Bridgeport 0. J. Wolcott, Norfolk P. B. Segee, A. R. Herri ck, Jr. Plainfield C. W. Wordin. G. Griswold, Portland H. A. Seymour, Bristol J. B. Darling, Putnam Edwin Newbury, Brooklj^n Thomas Copwell, " J. M. Peddingham, Colchester John A. Elliott, Sharon D. M. Richardson, Canaan John H. Cleveland, " R. II. Bird, Clinton Byron Twiss, Southington F. S. Blackman, Danbury L. A. Morris, Torrington E. S. Huntington, " Edward Shaw, Thompson Nathan Pratt, Essex Augustus Weed, Stamford Amariah Hills, East Hartford B. B. Bickwell, Stafford Charles Button, Farminglon H. C. Parker, Vernon Warren Barrett, " H. W. Coyes, 240 BUSINESS DIRECTORY. J. K. Ayes, Waterbury Henry House, • Glastenbui'y S. S. Newton, Winchester Samuel House, «. H. & D. Wells, Windham Andrew House, Wm. P. Fay, " George Harris, J. F. Gates, " John W. Hayes, " M.M. Gilbert, " Daniel Holt, " Given & McLaughlin, « C. W. Jennings, " Uriah Litchfield, " Henry Lathrop, " Wm. Spencer, " J. D. Nichols, " Sperry & Goyt, " John Murphy, " 0. P. Hewitt, " G. Leflingwell, " L. S. Putnam, Kent Bailey it Spaulding, New Britain Seth S. Hull, Middletown Giiman Hinsdale, " Charles G. Arnold, " W. W. Woodworth, " E. W. Smith, " Phillip Lee, " Coe & Crowell, " David Stephenson, Norwalk Wm. Parker, Meiiden George B. Gray, " Santy & Bassett, " J. L. Hopkins, New Milford F. W. Bartholomew, " F. li. Hine, " Darius Stebbins, " Riley E. Smith, Putnam Lewis ILill, " C. T. Lincoln, " J. M. Bartlett, " Nelson Mathews, << C. B. Knox, Manchester Hoi'ace Luke, " H. B. Wilcox, Madison J. &. W. Collins, Plainfield Barker tfe Ransom, New Haven B. H. Spaulding, " S. A. Burrows, " Harry Wood, " M. F. Benton, " Thomas Weaver, " W. L Benton, " Wm. Stancliff, Portland Nelson Brockett, " David Watrous, Saybrook Seymour Bradley, " J. S. South worth. " E.P. Camp, " E. Kingsley, " Robert Corbet, " A. F. Thurster, Simsbury Charles Downs, " Wm. Reed, " W. B. Goodyear, " Solomon Finch, Southington S. M. Gorham, '1 Lemuel Clark, " W. Hale, , H. N. Prout, Sufiield 244 BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Edward Brown, Suffield 1 Stevens, Ives & Co. Danbury ■ S. R. Rider, Seymour Gladwin & Wooster, Esse.\ H. A. Rider, " Stephen Wharton, East Hartford John Warren, Stamford C. Easton, " C. II. Down, " A. P. Filer, East Windsor Timothy Foskett, Stafford Daniel Gray, Enfield E. P. McGregory, " Seth Terry, " A. J. Treadway, Salera G. E. & W. II. Goodspeed, E. Iladdara [ \ Philo Osborn, Stratford D. B. Warner, " Renrieh Champion, South Lyme E. N. Pierce & Co. Farmington Timothy Johnson, " Sherman tfe Jilliff, Fairfield F. L. Taylor, Torrington David Bradley, " Crawford Ladd, " J. & J Gallup, Groton A. S. Barbsr, Tolland E.Miller, Jr. Glastenbury A. M. Hawkins, " Gerry Samson, " Oliver Eaton, Vernon Henry Talcott, " Jonathan Ludd, " John P. Porter, Goshen Chester Dean, Windham Loomis Brothers, Gran by Warren Tanner, " Grin Goddard, " Alpheus Williams, " Thomas Beman, " D. S. Gray, Westport B. B. Loomis, " H. 0. Capere, Windsor N. Andi'ew, Hartford Hudson Carpenter, " D. Burbank, " M. Merrill, Waterburj' G. B. Dyer, " R. Wei ton, " J. McClay, a J J. Bradley, " E. J. Preston, " Charles Patten, (( W. S. White, " L. B. Tuttle, Winchester Stewart, Hopson & Co Kent San ford & Potter, " Hubbard Brothers, Middletown Thompson ifeShepard, " Wj-se & Co. " John It;o, " S. L. Burns, Mil ford D. W. Stevens, " S. C. Chittenden, Madison E. A. Squire, " Lyon & Billard, Meriden Lock Makers. Gustavus Spencer, Edward Chappell, Naugatuck Norwich L. H. Carter, Ansoma J. G. Huntington, " Squire & Parsons, Branfc.rd S. W.Meech, <( Emery, Parker Stanley House, " "William Manning, Norwich Sterling House, " James Perry, Tremont House, " Charles B. Piatt, York House, " Epaphras Porter, Henry Kilbourne, Bristol John W. Stedman, F. E. Cummings, " D. S. Sykes, Brooklyn Hotel, Brooklyn L. M. Gurnsey, New Britain E. G. Main, Jr. " A, H. Byington, Norwalk Putnam House, " Edgar Hoyt, Stamford J. P. Nettleton, K C. B. Welles, (Rockville) Veruoa Edwin Hannah, Bethlem James GilfiUan, " " Knapp's Hotel, Brookfield T. M. Clark, Winsted Benajah Belden, Barkhamsted E. S. Simpson, Willimautic Beubea Pinney, " E. B. Cook & Co. Waterbury William Gabriel, " R. W. Wright, " E. A. Ransom, " Totokett House, Branford Provision Dealers. Double Beach House, (See retail grocers,) Bridgeport Branford Point, " C. J. Elton, Bristol E. A. Sperry, Bethany J. M. Thomas, " W. Perkins, " G. M. Curtiss, Canton J. B. Whaples, Berlin Peck & Barnes, " J. H. Wilson, Bethel J. R. Fuller, Canaan W. H. Hawley, Canton S. H._Colt, Chester J. B. Owen, " Morrison & Reynolds, Enfield C. R. Hills, Columbia R. A. Fowler, " E. M. Jenks, Canterbury Piatt & Andrews, Farmington Solomon Bidwell, Coventry Frederick Frisbie. ( Middletown Enos Perkins, Bethany j James North, " Edwin Buckingham, " Henry Aston, " T. Tyrrell, '• II. S. 'North, W. C. White, " i Arms Co. (volcanic repeating,) New C. Wooding, " 1 Haven W. S. Savage, Berlin Henry Whitney, (guns, Whitneyville,) Milo Hotchkiss, " 1 New Haven R. P. Moore, « Manhattan Fire Arms Co. Norwich Phillip Norton, " Rope Walks. Isaac Bosworth, Charles Hollister, Bethel Abner Church, Hartford Andrew Knapp, " ! Stephen Hotchkiss, New Haven M. Case, Canton S. Hotchkiss, Jr. " A. & J. Case, " John Breed & Co. Norwich M. Lee, (( Rule Makers. A. q. Utley, Daniel Holbrook, Columbia Willis Thrall, Hartford J. C. Fuller, « A. Stanley & Co. New Britain Dwight Hunt, " Saw Mills. Joseph Clark, Charles Bennett, Canterbury Romeo Andrews, Avon N. & D. Safford, " II. H. Judd, E. C. Sanger, " D. D. & H. H. Derrin, Asa Storer, " Amos Trowbridge, Aehford James Bradford, " Charles Mathewson, George Raynsford, " Isaac Loomis, . " Peter Lyon, Chaplain Fowler c\; Chaffee, " D. & N. Griggs, " B. E. Post, Andover Ephraim Kingsbury, " H. A. Brown, " 0. Bennett, (' Soloxnon Bunnell, Bristol Isaac Muzzy, " Harvey Kingsbury, Coventry Lucius Clark, " Hiram Holt, " Truman Safford, |C Robert Kimpson, Bridgeport H.«fe E. Ives, Canaan Lyon & Curtis, ^ E. D. Mansfield, " Staples elden, Monroe George F. Belden, " Henry Dickenson, Mai borough John E. Whitney, New Canaan G. F.Swift, Mansfield Henry L. AVheeler, Newtown Bramwhile & Hart, New Haven Wm. B. Wright, New Milford Marriner Beecher, " R. Hall, Naugatuck A. M. Iloppin, " Adams & Brewster, Norwich Richard G. Beach, " Henry A. Barrows. " New Haven Wheel Co. '■ Wni. Lewis, " Burrows Beach, New Milford Jacob Miller, <• . Philo Sanford, Newtown Ed. M. Roath, " Wm. Scinle, Norfolk . Isaac H. Roath, " — Cook, New Canaan Loring & Bill, Plainfield — Paddington, " ! Spaiilding & Nichols, Putnam H. F. Guthrie, Norwalk 0. C. Buckland, Portland George Potter, New London Isaac H. Roath, Preston H. J. Booth, Seymour Clark Brownell, Salisbury N. B. Pratt, Sav brook Moses Ensign, Simsbury S. Moulthrop, Wolcott Phillip Yeomana, South ington D. F. Terry, Windham Dunrow & Ward, Southbury Jos. S. Newton, Woodbridge Eleazer Holmes, Rocky Hill Milo D. Sperry, " Maine & Gorham, Ridgefie'd Limberkier & Leland, Washington Wm. Butler, John Wilson & Co. Vernon Windham Tinners' Tools Manufacturers. George B. Lewis, Woodbury Royce & Wilcox, Berlin Elnathan Wheeler, Westport Wm. Bulkley, " 0. J. & J. S. Jones, " Isaac J. Hough, Middletown J. R Hickox, Watertown Peck (fe Smith Manuf Co. Southingtou || Turners. S. Stow Manuf Co. " A. J. Mallory, Avon Tin and Japann sd Ware. Barnes & Robinson, Bristol Union Manuf. Co. Chester AVarren & Sessions, " Merriman Manuf Co. Durham L. R. Barnes, Berlin James 0. Smith & Co. Middletown Peter Sugires, Colchester Blake Brothers, New Haven Perry & (Sladwin, Chester H. W. Bulkly, Cromwell Tobacco Dealers. | Wm. T. Noble, " H. & Z. R. Pease, East Windsor John D. Bowtell. " Oswin Welles, Glastenbury W & E. Winckerbrocker , Canaan John S. Welles, " D. C. Fuller, Columbia Frederick Welles, " C. L. Hills, Chatham Wm. B. Fuller, Hartford H. E. Bailey, Durham D. M. Seymour, " Wm. N. Clark, East Lyme Joseph Bishop, West Hartford George W. lk Radcliff Brother, Oxford James Onosbee, " A. H. & C. B. Ailing, James Fitts, Timothy Perkins, Washinee Co. Joseph Talcott, Wooden Screws. Hartford New Britain Southington Watch Case Makers. Preston & Jewett, Brookly'^ Asa Wells, GlastenburY Ira Treat, " Ezra Bishop, New Haven J. F. Duke, Miscellaneous. Manufacturers of T. B. Smith, Plain and Fancy Veneers, Ansonia L. H. Carter, Brass Carriage Trimmings, " Phelps, Dodije & Co. Stamped Copper Work and Tubing, " Wallace & Sons, Stamped Brass Work, " Nich. Farrell Co. Mill Gear, Malleable Iron Co. Saddlery Hardware, Bridgeport Patent Leather Co. Patent Leather, " F. E. Harrow. Tablet Painter, Bristol Goodrich & Brown, Toy Lo- comotives, " J. Sigarney & Co. Toy Loco- motives, " David Comstock, Fur Hats, Bethel Bard Brothers, Gold Pens, Brooklyn D. E. Peck, Boys' Wagons and Sleds, Burlington Uriah Hays, Fanning Mills, Brookfield Grilley & Perkins, Silver and Brass Capped .""^crews, Branford Union Manuf Co. Tin Toys, Clinton Calkins & Co. Tobacco Knives, Cant(m " Sledges, " J. D. Eggleston, Beehives, Canaan D. R. Spaulding, Bedsteads, " S. Silliman & Co. Inkstands, Chester BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 211 Manufacturers of S. Silliman ik Co. Sand and "Wafer Boxes, etc. Chester Simeon Brooks, Hooks & Staples, " Halliday Windmill Co. Wind- mills, Coventry Crittenden (feTibbals, Percus- sion Caps, " J. & E. Stevens & Co. Cast Iron Toys, Cromwell J. & E. Stevens & Co. Block Till \\'are, " T. Manning & Son, Block Tin, " Ruben Rockwell, Blister Steel, Colebrook S. Griswold & Co. Ivory and Bone Trinkets, Essex J. A. Ray, Coffin Trimm'gs, E. Haddam Jonathan Skinner, Mattrasses,Eastford Leiby Man. Co. Poudrette, E. Hartford Fairbanks & Co. Lead Pipe, Enfield James Chapman, Draining Tile, " Ames Iron Co. Engine Shaft- ing, Falls Village Wliiting & Royce, Clock Faces, Farmington H. Brooks, Earthen Ware, Goshen G.W.Thompson, Dry Measures,Granby Lewis Holcomb, Sashes, " Collis & Searles, " " Amos Watrous, Corks, Groton Thos.Phillips,Roller Co verer, Griswold J. B. & W. S. Williams, Black- ing, Glastonbury John Beach, Wire and Mch. Cards, Hartford Wilcox & Whiting, Lightning Rods, " Bos well & Keen ey. Bank Bill Paper, " R. Nevers, Copper Plate Printer, " Elizur Skinner, Masonic Jewels, " Wm. Parsons, Presses, " A. B. Tiffany, Dolls, Hartland Howell Bates, Shovel Handles, " E. & E. M. Allen, Flannel, Lisbon Welch, Seymour & Co. Sur- geon's Splints, Lakeville Royal Jennings, Wooden Stir- rups, Monroe J. E. Palmer, Mosquito Cano- py Frames, Montville Emery, Parker & Co. Door Trimmings, Meriden Penfield & Wilcox, Patent Grummets, Middletown W. & B. Douglass, Chain Pumps " I Manufacturers of W. & B. Douglass, Hydraulic Rams, Middletown American Buckle Co. Belt Clasps, " Jas. Tidgwell, Printer's Fur- niture, " J. W. Tidgwell, Web Saw Frames, etc. " Ellsworth Burr, Trusses and Supporters, " Falls Manuf Co. Suspender Webbing, " Cox & Co. Superphos^ihate of Lime, " Wm. W. Bailey, Safety Match Stands, " W. R. Crocker, Corks, Norwich Chas. Fairman, Leather Belt ing and Hose, " C. C. Brand, Whale Guns and Lances, " Wm. Trolan, Boilers, " F. W. Tread way. Drain Pipe, " E. A. Sterry, Faucets, " North, Brace & Co. Umbrella Stretchers, New Britain John Billbrough, Willow Baskets, New Efaven Sherman Smith, Clock Springs, " Alex. Crabille, Cores, " S. J. Hoggson, Die Sinking, " John Brown, Cotton Waste Cleaners, " W. T. Richards, Ferrules, W. M. Phillips, Lasts, James Barber, Copper Plate Printing, " P. B. Hine, Pocket Books, J. Mathewson, Powder Flasks, " Grilley & Perkins, Silver and Brass Capped Screws, " N. II. Copper Co Sheathing, " Charles Bostwick, Trunks, " J. A. Preston, Oyster Kegs, (Fair Haven,) L. M. Hills, Steam Heating Apparatus, " Gillette & Smith, Horse Col- lars, " T. M. Abbott, Sleighs, Redding Gilbert Bennett, Glue, " A. Barnes Savings Bank. — Edwin Talmage, Treasurer. Salisbury Savings Bank. — W. R. Whittlesey, Treasurer. Savings Bank of Tolland. — George D. Hastings, Treasurer. Seymour Savings Bank. — George F. De Forest, Treasurer. Society for Savings, Hartford. — Olcott Allen, Treasurer, SouTHPORT Savings Bank. — F. D. Perry, Treasure)-. Staffordville Savings Bank. — Eliab A. Converse, Treasurer. Stamford Savings Bank. — F. R. Leeds, Treasurer. Stonington Savings Bank. — 0. B. Grant, Treasurer. Waterbury Savings Bank. — Frederick J. Kingsbury, Treasurer. Willimantic Savings Institute. — John Tracy, Treasurer. These institutions continue to increase in the amount of their deposits. The whole amount of deposits at present, is $12,162,136 Of which is loaned on Real Estate, 6,871,305 " " " on Personal securitj% 2, 932, 728 " " invested in Bonds and Stocks, 2,445,126 Whole number of Depositors, 61,186 The whole number of Savings Banks and Building Associations is forty- two, with the following titles and name of Treasurers: — Atisonia Savings Bank. — D. W. Plumb, Treasurer. MISCELLANEOUS. 281 Bridgeport Mutual Savings Bank and Building Association. — S. M. MiJdle- brook, Treasurer. Bristol Savi7igs Bank and Building Association. — Beiij. F. Hawley, Treas. Cit)/ Savings Bank of New Haven. — Jamts M. Townsend, Treasurer. City Savings Bank and Building Association of Waterbury. — N. J. Welton, Treasurer. C'ollinsville Saving and Building Association. — RoUin 0. Humphrey, Treasurer. Connecticut Savings Bank and Building Association, Hartford. — Selden C. Preston, Treasurer. Fair Haven Savings Bank and Building Association. — J. W. T. Hamilton, Treasurer. Farmers and Mechanics Savings Bank of Norwich — E. H. Leonarcl, Treas. Hartford County Savings Bank Association, Hartford — J. W. Seymour, Treasurer. Hartford Savings Bank and Building Association. — S. D. Sperry, Treasurer. Hitchcocksville Savings Bank and Building Association, — Homer Cowles, Treasurer. Manchester Savings Bank and Building Association. — Moses Scott, Treas. Mechanics and Workingmen's Mutual Savings Bank and Building Associa- tion, New Haven. — N. F. Thompson, Treasurer. Mechanics and Workingmen's Mutual Savings Bank and Building Associa- tion, Bridgeport. — D. Hatch, Treasurer. Mechanics Savings Bank and Building Association, Westville. — J. G. Hutch- kiss, Treasurer. Mechanics Bank and Building Association, Bethel. — William A. Judd, Treas. Mechanics Savings Bank and Building Association, Hartford. — Hayiies L. Porter, Treasurer. Meriden Savings Bank and Building' Association. — Edwin Hubbard, Secret'y. Middlesex Savings Bank and Building Association, Middletovm. — John L. Smith, Treasurer. Milford Savings Bank and Building Asf^ociation. — D. S. Baldwin, Treasurer. Mount Carmel Savings Bank and Building Association. — Joseph A. Grannis, Treasurer. Mutual Savings Bank and Building Association of Middlctoiun. — William Woodward, Treasurer. Naugatuck Savings Bank and Building Association. — G. Spencer, Treas. Netv Britain Savings Bank and Building Association. — A. P. Collins, Treas. New Haven Savings Bank and Building Association. — William H. Tallmadge, Treasurer. New London County Savings Bank, New London. — J. C.Douglas, Treasurer. People's Savings Bank, Birmingham. — Sidney A. Downs, Treasurer. People's Savings Association of Bridgeport. — Stephen Hawley, Treasurer. People's Savings Bank and Building Association of New Haven. — John T. Collis, Treasurer. 282 MISCELLANEOUS. Rochville Savings Bank Association. — Allen ILanimond, Treasurer. Savings Bank and Building Association of Watcrhury. — A. F. Abbott, Treas. Southington Savings Bank a?id Building Association. — F. D. Whittlesey, Treasurer. Stafford Springs Savings Bank. — S. Newton, Treasurer. The People's Savings Bank, Hartford — C. Howard, Treasurer. Wallingford Savings Barik and Building Association. — Ebenezer 11. Ives, Treasurer. West Winsted Savings Bank and Building Association. — Lyman Baldwin, Treasurer. Westport Savings Bank and Building Association. — Myrom S, Mason, Treas. Winsted Savings and Building Association. — Wm. C. Phelps, Treasurer. Woodburg Savings Bank and Building Association. — Thomas Bull, Treas. Wolcottville Savings Bank Association. — R. C. Abernetliy, Treasurer. Young Men's Saving Bank and Building Association of Scgmour. — R. B. Buckingham, Treasurer. The amount of Deposits in these institutions on the 1st of Janu- ary, was $2,240,196 Amount of stock paid in, 2,389,097 Showing a decrease in Stock of 146,235 And an increase of Dejiosits of 609,301 Total Resources, about 5,000,000 Of which is loaned on Real Estate to stockholders, 2,662,222 " " " on Personal Security, 1,394,474 Number of Stockholders indebted for Loans, 3,169 Whole number of Shares, 44,577 Whole number of Shareholders, 7,229 LIST OF APPROPRIATIONS Made from Bonuses from Banks chartered in 1849, 50, 51 and b2, paid by the Banks as provided in their Charters. Farmer's Bank to General Hospital Society, ?5, 000.00 " " Bridgeport Library Association, 500.00 Pawcatuck Bank " Connecticut Historical Society, 1,000.00 Central Bank " Young Men's Lyceum, Middletown, 1,000.00 City Bank " Connecticut Literary Institute, Suflield,. . 5,00000 " Connecticut Historical Society, 1,000.00 Merchants Bank " Treasury of New Haven, for fencing Pub- lic Green 4,000.00 " " Young Men's Institute, New Haven, 2,000.00 " General Hospital Society, 2,000.00 Mystic Pv-iver Bank " Improvement of Mystic River Channel,. . 1,000.00 MISCELLANEOUS. 283 Bank of No. America to Deaf and Dumb, 1,000.00 Peqiionnock Bank " Bridgeport Library Association, 1,000.00 Middlesex Co. Bank " Wesleyan University, 2,000.00 Waterbury Bank " Waterbury High School, 2,'250.00 $28,750.00 The above amount did not pass through the State Treasury, but was paid directly by the Banks. STATEMENT OF MONEYS Appropriated for benevolent puriwses and paid out of the State Treasnnj, for the year ending 1853, 4, 5, 6 and 7, viz : For State Reform School, $85,779.38 " Support of Insane Poor oG, 994.11 " Education of Deaf and Dumb 16,764.17 Blind, Perkins' Institute, 4,382.37 " Support of State Paupers 10,185.00 " State Normal School, 25,316.88 " Superintendent of Common Schools, 18,387.66 " State Agricultural Society, 7,500.00 " County " " 6,981.00 " General Hospital Society at New Haven, 6,000.00 " Hartford " " 10,000.00 " Wesleyan University, $10,000 " Connecticut Literary Institute at Suffield, 2,000 12,000,00 " American Colonization Society, 650.00 " Committee on Idiocy, 1,576.39 " Support and education of wife and children of S. Iluntlej^. . 1,000.00 " HoUister's History of Illustrations, 500.00 " Commissioner to World's Fair 400.00 " Portraits of Governors, 2,100.00 " States Prison Medical Society, 1,500.00 " Middletown Orphan Asylum, $500.00 I" Hartford " " 500.00 " New Haven " " 1,000.00 2,000.00 " Ledyard Monument, 2,000.00 " Groton " 1,600.00 " Soldiers " at Milford, 600.00 " Wooster " 1,500.00 " Denison's " 500.00 « Col. Seth Warren Monument, 750.00 6,950.00 " Improvements and additions to Buildings at State Prison,. . . 12,000.00 Total, $268,966.96 284 MISCELLANEOUS. POSTAGE. Letters not exceeding half an ounce, and within 3,000 miles, 3 cents pre- paid, by stamps or stamped envelops ; and the same for every additional half ounce or fraction thereof. Over 3,000 miles, 10 cents, half an ounce, &c. Drop letters, 1 cent ; advertising, 1 cent. Newspapers, periodicals, unsealed circulars, (fee, weighing not over 3 ounces, are to pay 1 cent each, to any part of the United States ; or half that rate when paid quarterly or yearly in advance. Newspapers, &c., weighing not over 1^ ounces, half the above rates, when circiilated within the State of publication. Newspapers, papers and pamphlets of not more than 16 pages, 8vo. in packages of not le?s than 8 ounces, to one address, to hi charged half a cent an ounce, without regard to the number of pieces. Post- age on all transient matter to be pre-paid or charged double. Weekly news- papers free in the County of publication. Bills for newspapers, and receipts for payment of moneys therefor, may be inclosed in subscribers' papers. Ex- change between newspaper publishers, free. Books, bound or unbound, of not more than 4 pounds each, 1 cent per ounce, under 3,000 miles, and 2 cents over that distance. Fifty per cent, to be added when not prepaid. Newspapers, &c. to be so inclosed that the character can be determined without removing the wrapper ; to have nothing written or printed on the paper beyond the direction, and to contain no iiiclosure other than the bill or receipts before mentioned. Postviasters' Compensation according to Law of 1854. On any sum not exceeding $100, 60 per cent.; but at offices where the mail arrives regularly between 9 o'clock at night and 5 in the morning, 7i) per cent, on the first $100 may be allowed. On any sum over $100, and not ex- ceeding $400, 50 per cent. Over $400, and not exceeding $2,400, 40 per cent. And on all sums over $2,400, 15 per cent. POST-OFFICES AND POSTMASTERS. Abington, Andover, Ansonia, Ashford, Avon, Bakerville, Ball's Pond, Banksville, Bantam Falls, Barkhamsted, Beacon Falls, John Williams, Wm. Cooke Burr Perkins Dyer H. Clark .]ames Hilton John S. Baker Alvah S. Pearce John Banks Leonard Kinney E. N. Ransom G. Goodyear Berlin, Bethanj', Bethel, Bethlem, Birmingham, Black Rock, Bioomfield, Bolton, Boziah, Bozraliville, Branford, Henry N. Galpin Nathan Clarke Edward Taylor Henry W. Peck T. S. Shelton Alanson Allen H. B. Case E. K. Williams Wm. Fitcdi J. ISI. Peckham Levi S. Parsons MSCELLANEOUS. 285 Bridgeport, E. B. Goodsell East Lyme, C. F. Beckwith Bridgewater, S. R. Weeks Easton, Hezekiah Lyon Bristol, George H. Mitchell East Putnam, George Warren Broad Brook, E. Hubbard East Windsor, Wm. McFall Brook field. Homer Lake Hill, J. H. Charlton || Brooklyn, Beniamin E. Palmer East Woodstock, Caleb May Buekland, Wm. Jones Ellington, Henry Gunn Builinitton, Romeo Elton Ellsworth, Calvin F. Peck Bunville, Nelson Roberts Enfield, Luke Watson Campbell's Mills, E. Totter Essex, Wm. Latimer Camp's Mills, J. M. Camp Fairfield, Edmund Hobart Campville, Lucius J. Hall Fair Haven, George P. Thomas Canaan, Wm. Watson Falls Village, W. S. Marsh Canterbury, M. H. Sanger Farmington, George D. Cowles Canton, CM. Bailey Fisherville, J. E. Williams " Center, Simeon Mills Forestville, Chauncey Goodrich Central Village, Jonathan Gorton Gale's Ferry, Russel Duncan Centre Brook, Clark Nott Gardner's Lake, E. H. Beckwith Centre Groton, G. L. Daboll Georscetown, Lloyd Seeley Chapinville, Horace Landon Gilea^d, Caroline Post Chaplin, Lester Bill Glasteiibury, Benjamin Taylor Clieshire, A. S. Baldwin Gleuville, Joshua L. Mosher Chester, David Henshaw Goslien, Norman Norton Chesterfield, P. Wickwire Granby, B. B. Loomis Clinton, Daniel W. Stevens Greenfield Hill, W. Bradley Cobalt, Henry W. Tibballs Greenville, C. G. Thompson Colchester, David A. Fox Greenwich, Samuel Close Cold Spring, 0. S. Botsford Griswold, Elijah S. Bill Colebrook, Rufus Seymour Groton, Simon Huntington " River, W. W. Bidwell Guilford, Franklin C. Phelps D. 0. Con ant CoUamer, Samuel T. Dow Gurleyville, CoUinsville, Seth P. Norton Haddam, Samuel M. Kelsey Columbia, C. K. Hills " Neck, S. House Cornwall, H. Hitchcock Hadlyme, John S. Wells " Bridge, ■ M. Harrison Hamburg, H. A. Brock way " Hollow J. B. Doughty Hamden, Leverett Hitchcock Coventrj', Eleazer Hunt Hampton, Silas Tiffany " Depot, J. Clark Hartford, W. J. Hamersley Cromwell, Charles Kirby Hartland. L._H. Stebbins Curtisville, Albert A. Bogue Harwinton, Lewis Catlin, Jr. Danbury, Francis Fairchild Hawlej-ville, 1>. D. Hawley Darien, John S. Waterbury Hazard ville. T. PL Abbe " Depot, Ezra E. Tooker Hebron, Charles Post Deep River, H. G. Loomis Higganum, Theodore Child Derby, T. S. Shelton High Ridge, Isaac Jones Durham, Asher Robinson Hitchcockville, J. H. Sage " Center, C. M. Smith Hockanura, George A. Hall Eagleville, W. D. Carpenter Hotchkissville, R. J. Allen East Berlin, Edw. Wilcox Humphreysville, D. Letts East Canaan, H. Lawrence Huntington, Z. L. Shelton Eastford, Jos. Dorsett Huntsville, Charles Hunt E. Granby, C. 0. Cornish Jewett City, H. T. Crosby Samuel Upson East Haddam, Daniel B. Warner Kensington, East Hampton, Wm. G. Buell Kent, Rufus Fuller East Hartford, E. S. Goodwin Killingly, Leavens Jencks East Haven, S. Hemingway Killingworth, H. Redficld East Kent, Benjamin Tompkins Lakeville, Lorenzo Tupper East Killingly, E. A. Hill Lanesville, Isaac Northrop 286 MISCELLANEOUS. Lebanon, Calvin Pease North Canton, George Adams Ledyard, Elijah Bailey " Colebrook, Jasper Pinney Leesville, Daniel Penfield " Cornwall, Anson Rogers Liberty Hill, L. J. Fuller Northfield, Wm. Newton Lime Kock, Wm. H. Barn urn Noi'thford, Wm. Everts Lisbon, John Bachelder North Franklin, A. F. Royce Litclitielil, George H. Baldwin " Goshen, S. H. Merwin Long Ridge, Llnathan Todd " Granby, Solomon Gains Lyme, Charles W. Wait " Greenwich, Levi Mead jMadisoii, S. F. Willard " Guilford, Stephen Fowler Manchester, R. W. Houghton " Haven, James T. Hale '• Station, M. Hudson " Killingly, G. Warren Mansfield, S. S. Fuller " Lyme, G. E. Walker " Centre E. Parish " Madison, W. S. Blatchley " Depot, L. Bingham " Norfolk, A. R. Collar Mnrbledale, Joseph Watson " Stamford, Alvin Weed Mai'ioii, Thomas M. Beecher " Scmers, Amar. Kibbe Mai'lborough, Asa Day " Stonington, T. Clark Masliapaug, Harvey Walker North ville, Betsey Hunt Meriden, Bertrand L. Yale North Wilton, L. Olmstead Merrow's Station J. B. Merrow " Windham, F. M. Lincoln Merwinsville, Sylvester Merwin " Woodstock, E. C. May Mianus, E. B. Hewes Norwalk, R. A. Williams Aliddlebury, Eli S. Smith Norwich, J. W. Stedman Middlefield, George W. Bacon Town, H. B. Tracy Middle Haddam, Henry Hurd O.akville, Nath. H. Perry Middletown, Norman Smith Oiieco, John Harris Mil ford. Wm. Brotherton Orange, Wm. T. Grant Mill Brook, H. W. Pinney Ore Hill, Phil. Rockefeller Mill Plain, Barnabns Allen Oxford, N. J. Wilcoxson Milton, Homer Kilbourn Pendleton Hill, S. A. Maine Monrcje, Wm. A. Clarke Phcenixville, S. A. AVheaton Montville,^ W. H. Wheeler Pine Meadow, Jos. Gould Moodiis, George Wakeman Plainfield, Henry Sabin Moose Meadow, W. Fuller Plainville, Henry L. Welch Moosup, Jos. S. Gladding Plantsville, S. H. Norton Mount Carmel, L. A. Dickerman Pleasant Valley, Evits Carter Mystic, Henry Harding Plymouth, Edwin Talmadge '• Bridge, Peter Forsyth " Hollow, S. Thomas, Jr. " lliver, C. E. Tufts Pomfret, Benjamin Child Kangatuek, S. H. Nichols " Landing, Darius Day New Boston, Harvey Lamson Poquonock Bridge, S. Morgan New Britain, Mareeihis Clark Poquetanock, S. K. Minor New Canaan, H. B. Hoyt Poquonock, Samuel Clark New Fairfield, Enoch Knapp Portland, George H. Taylor New Hartford. D. S. Bird Preston, D.'^T. Richards " Centre, J. C. Mason Prospect, Edwin R. Tvler New Haven, L. A. Thomas Putnam, John 0. Fox Newiiigton, Erastus Kilbourn Quarryville, S. Lawson New London, J. B. Lyman Rainbow, S. T. McKinney New Milford, S. E. Bostwick Redding, Jared Olmsted New I'reston, M. S. Beeman " Ridge, F. A. Sauford Newtown, Jerome Judson Ridgebury, George Benton Niantic, Selden Cook Ridgfield, Harvey K. Smith Noank, AVm. Latham Rockville, Edwin P. Allen Norfolk, Aaron Gilbert Rocky Hill, Henrj^ Webb North Ash ford, Z. N. Allen Round Hill, Calvin Purdy " Branford, E. E. Bishop Roxbury, Job Z. Warner MISCELLANEOUS. 287 Salem, John C. Daniels Unionville, George Richards Salisbury, Robert H. Ball Vernon, Francis SlcLean, Jr. Saiigatuek, J. H. Allen " Depot, Ira H. Ellis Saj'brook, James Treadway Voluutown, Samuel Gates " Ferry, J. J. Tryon, Jr. Wallingford, Orrin Andrews Scitico, A. Simons Warehouse Point Jos. Olmstead, Jr. Scotland, James Burnett Warren, Edmund R. Swift Seymour, David Betts Washington, H. J. Church Sharon, Wm. Jenkins Waterbury, E. Leavenworth Sherman, K W. Northrop Waterford, H. Gardner, 2d Simsbury, J. 0. Phelps Watertown, H. Atwood Smith Ridge, S. E. Keeler Waterville, Wm. Pickett Somers, Warren Kibbe West Ashford, E. Knowlton Somersville, Ansel Arnold " Avon, Corydon Woodford Soutli Britain, Anson Bray Westbiook, Oliyer Norris Southbury, Charles H. Hall West Cheshire, J. A. Hitchcock South Canaan, W. M. Burrall " Chester, R. T. Carrier " Coventry, K L. Bid well " Cornwall, C. H. Gardner " Farms, W. L. Smedley Westford, James Richmond Southford, Charles Oatman West Goshen, Frederick Miles 'South Glastenbury, 0. Brainard " (iranby, Elam Kendall Southington, Amon Bradley " liar' ford, Leonard Buckland Soutli Kent, Edw. Fan ton " Hartland, J. H. Seymour " Killingly, L. Graves " Haven, Thomas Ward " Lyme, R. L. Chadwick " Killingly, H. Webb " Manchester. W. Cheney " Meriden, Joel H. Grfiy " Norfolk, S. D. North way Westminster, Peter Spicer " Norwalk, W. C. Sammis West Norfolk, John Dewell Southport, Samuel Pike Weston, Ebenpzer T. Lane Soutliville, Preston D. Peck Westport, George L. Cable South Windham, Alfred Kinue West Redding, Wm. Griffin " Windsor, Roderick King " Stafford, Asa Lewis Spring Hill, A. Ct. Storrs " Suffield, Calvin Freeman Square Pond, H. C. Aborn Westville, Wm. Barbour Stafford, .T. H. Bolton West Willington, D. Starr, Jr. " Springs, H. M. Bolton " Winsted, H. B. Steele Staffordville, E. G. Hyde " Woodstock, A. A. Williams Stamford, Roswell Hoyt Wethersfield, Charles Clapp Stanwich, Gideon Close Will iman tic, Th. Campbell Stepney, Judson Curtiss Willington, Origen Weston " Depot, Allen Piatt Wilton, Joseph P. Fitch Sterling, Darius A. Fish Winchester, Roland Hitchcock " ^ Hill, Charles Mason Center, C. Wetmore || Stoney Creek, Timothy Barker Windham, John A. Perkins Stonington, C. G. Williams Windsor, H. S. Hayden Stratfcrd, J. D, Gilbert " Locks, L. B. Chapman Suffield, George Williston Windsorville, S. Shepard Tariffville, Edward Pease Winnipank, G. H. Randle Terryville, Eli as C. Birge Winsted, Roland Hitchcock Thompson, Jeremiah Olney Wintluop, A. C. Clark Thompsonville, G. C. Owen Wolcott, Jason Hotchkiss Tolland, Obadiah II. Waldo Wolcottville, R. C. Abernethy Torringford, R. W. Gillett Woodbury, George P. Allen Torrinoton, Wm. H. Coe Woodstock, G. S. F. Stoddard Trumbull, Elihu Beach Woodville, J. A. Glover " Long Hill M. Beardslee Yantic, Lewis Hyde Uncasville, W. G.Johnson Zoar Bridge, N. D. Henman Union, David L. Newell 288 MISCELLANEOUS. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT. Salary. President — James Buchanan, of Pennsylvania, $26,000 Vice-President — John C. Breckenridge, of KeutUcky, 5,000 Secretary of State — Hon. Lewis Cass, of Michigan, 8,000 Secretary of the Treasury — Hon. Howell Cobb, of Georgia, 8,000 Secretary of War — lion. John B. Floyd, of Virginia, 8,000 Secretary of the Navy — Hon. Isaac Toucey, of Connecticut, 8,000 Secretary of the Interior — Hon. Jacob Thompson, of Tennessee, 8,000 Attorney-General — Judge Black, of Pennsylvania, 6,000 Postmaster-General — Hon. A. V. Brown, of Mississippi, 8,000 JUDGES OF U. S. SUPREME COURT. We give the names, age, and time of appointment of the several Judges of the Supreme Court of the United States. The Opinion in the Dred Scott Case has probably awakened more interest in this Court than was ever felt before. Hon. John McLean, a native of New Jersey, is the oldest member of the present Bench in point of commission. He was appointed by Jackson in 1829. He is 72 years of age. Hon. James M. Wayne, a native of Savannah, Georgia, holds the next oldest appointment, having received it in January, 188.5. He is seventy years of age, and down to the time of his appointment was an active and ardent poli- tician of the Jackson school. Hon. Roger B. Taney, Chief Justice, was born on St. Patrick's Day, 17*77. He was a very bitter partisan politician, so much so that the Senate rejected his appointment as Secretary of the Treasury; also as Associate Justice; but after the death of Chief Justice Marshall, he received the appointment of Chief Justice, in March, 1836, and was confirmed. Hon. John Catron was born in Western Virginia, but since his youth has been a resident of Tennessee. His age is 65. He served one campaign under Jackson. Thus far all the incumbents of the present Bench Avere appointed b}' Jackson. Hon. Peter V. Daniel is a native of Virginia, and a descendant of one of the English families. He was born in 1786, and is consequently 71 years of age. He was offered the post of Attorney General by Jackson, but declined it. He was afterwards appointed U. S. District Judge for Virginia, and upon the death of Judge Barbour, was nominated as Associate Justice by Mr. Vhu Buren.in 1840. Hon. Samuel Nelson is a native of Cooperstown, New York, and was ap- pointed by Mr. Polk in 1845. He is about 65 years of age. MISCELtANEOUS. 289 Hon. Robert C. Giier was born in Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, March 5th, 1T94, and is consequently a little over 63 years of age. His life, previous to going upon the Bench, was divided between the law and academic pursuits. He was appointed by Mr. Polk. Hon. Beiijaniin R.Curtis is a native of Massachusetts, born November 4, 1809, and is consequently nearly 48 years old. lie never was a politician, but was taken by Mr. Fillmore from the Bar, and placed upon the Bench, in Sep- tember, 1851. lion. John A. Campbell was born in Alabama, and was a lawyer of di-stinc- tion in Mobile. He was appointed to the Bench in 1853, by General Pierce. His age is about 54 years. ALLOTMENT OF JUDGES OF THE SUPERIOE COURT OF CONNECTICUT, FOR 1857-8. Judge Sanford — Hartford County, at Hartford, 3d Tuesday in July ; Mid- dlesex County, at Middletown, 1st Tuesday in September ; New Haven County, at New Haven, 2d Tuesday in October; Tolland County, at Tolland, 4th Tuesday in November; Fairfield County, at Bridgeport, 3d Tuesday in December; New London County, at Norwich, 1st Tuesday in April. Judge Butler — New London County, at New London, 4th Tuesday in August; Windham Count}', at Brookl^'n, 1st Tuesday in November ; Middle- sex County, at Haddam, 4th Tuesday in November; Litchfield County, at Litchfield, 4th Tuesday in January ; New Haven County, at New Haven, 1st Tuesday in March ; Tolland County, at Tolland, 2d Tuesday in April. Judge Park — Windham County, at Brooklj'n, 1st Tuesday in August; Tol- land County, at Tolland, 1st Tuesday in September ; Hartford County, at Hartford, 4th Tuesday in September; New London County, at New London, 3d Tuesday in Januarj' ; Middlesex County, at Haddam, 2d Tuesday in April j New Haven County, at Now Haven, 3d Tuesday in May. Judge Waldo — New Haven County, at New Haven, 1st Tuesday in Sep- tember ; Fairfield County, at Danbury, 3d Tuesday in October ; Hartford County, at Hartford, od Tuesday in December ; Windham County, at Brook- lyn, 3d Tuesday in March ; Litchfield Count}', at Litchfield, 2d Tuesday in April. Judge Seymour — Litchfield County, at Litchfield, 2d Tuesday in Septem- ber; New London County, at Norwich, 3d Tuesday in November; New Haven County, at New Haven, 3d Tuesday in December; Tolland County, at Tolland, 2d Tuesday ia February ; Fairfield County, at Bridgeport, 1st Tues- day in March. Judge McCurdy — Fairfield County, at Danbur}', 2d Tuesday in August ; 19 290 MISCELLANEOUS. Litchiield County, at LitclifielJ, 1st Tuesday in November ; Wlmlham Coiintj-, at Brooklyn, 1st Tuesday in January; Middlesex County, at Middletown, 1st Tuesday in February; Hartford County, at Hartford, '2d Tuesday in March. ^B^i ONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS IN CONNECTICUT. 1. Hartford and Tolland Counties. 2. New Haven and Middlesex Counties. 3. New London and Windham " 4. Fairfield and Litchfield " CUSTOM HOUSE OFFICERS. F.\iRFif:LD District, "West of llousatonic River. — Collector, "\Vm. S. Pomeroy, Bridgeport. Inspector, (kc, Henry Hall. Inspector for Norwalk, Dimon Fan- ton; for Stamford, Wm. H. Potts. Middletown District. — Collector, Patrick Fagan. Inspector, dec, A. N. Rowley. Surveyor, Clark Elliott. Surveyor, Hartford, "\Vm. Hayden. Inpec- tor, Ralph Carey. Surveyor, Saybrook, Edward Ingraham. Inspector, Horace Stillman. New Haven District, extending from Madison to Housatonic River. Col- lector, Minott A. Osborn. Deputy Collector, Norris Willcox. Surveyor, Charles Shelton. Gaugers and Weighers, Edward T. Stanley and James M. Veader. Weigher and Measurer, Charles S. A. Davis. Inspectors John B. Magie, Thomas C. Hollis, Hezekiah Gorham, James Gallagher. Day and Night Watch, Alfred Bassett. Light House Keeper. Merritt Thompson. Inspector for Mil- ford and Derby, Mark Bristol, hispector for Branford and Sachem's Head, C J. Grant. Inspector for Guilford and Madison, G. L. Dowd. New London District. — Collector, Henry Hobart. Deputy Collector and Inspector, Richard R. Stark. Surveyor, D. S. Ruddock. Inspectors, Enoch C. Chapman, Washington Avery, Daniel Tinker, Daniel Manwariiig. Physician Marine Hospital, Win. W. Miner. Stonington District, — Collector, B. F. States. Inspector, Isaac Chaniplin. Surveyor, Pawcatuck, Lyndon Taylor. Inspector for Noank and Mystic River, John P. Spicer. Mrs. Sarah Haxton, who recently died in Stamford, bequeathed her whole property, amounting to between $4,000 and $5,000, to the Congregational Society of that village. MISCELLANEOUS. 291 RAILEOADS IN CONNECTICUT. Commissioners. — John S. Jewett, Sliaron, 1 year ; Ilenry Hammond, Kil- lingly, 2 years ; Patten Fish, Bolton, 3 years. RAILROAD STATISTICS, Emhracinj, — Distances in and out of the State, — Capital, — Capital paid in, — Cost of Roads and Equipments, — Funded and Floating Debts, — Net Earn- ings and dividends f 07' year previous to returns. AI. in. M. out. Capital. Do. paid in- 1. Danbury and Norwich, . 2-t $400,000 $280,000 2. Hartford, Providence & Fislikill, 96 26 4,500,000 2,008,110 3. Ilousatonic, ... '74 2,000,000 2,000,000 4. Naugatuck, ... 67 1,031,800 1,031,800 5. Xew Haven and Northampton, 55 922,500 922,500 6. N.Haven, Hartford xbury, n 38 Salisbury, 65 37 Sharon, 60 25 Torrington, 67 32 Warren, 65 34 Washington, 75 40 Watertown, 60 50 Winchester, 11 42 Woodbury, 49 14 56 20 MiDDLETOWN, 67 32 Chester, 61 29 Chatham, 73 38 Clinton, Cromwell, 44 68 Durham, 31 66 East Haddam, 40 64 East Lyme, 83 63 Essex, 34 69 Haddam, 38 63 Killingworth, 47 82 r)Id Saybrook 45 68 Portland, 40 75 Saybrook, 45 81 South Lyme, 49 73 Westbrook, 48 83 59 79 Tolland, 80 54 Andover, 41 76 Bolton, Columbia, 30 36 Coventry, 24 50 Ellington, 36 32 Hebron, 45 56 Mansfield, 81 55 Somers, 39 48 Stafford, 32 42 Union, 23 38 Vernon, 49 50 1 Willington, 22 43 Willimantie, 48 40 ' MASC miG. To To H'fd. N. n. 36 55 23 32 43 29 54 67 51 60 28 44 44 44 43 85 SO 30 30 45 37 25 16 23 32 32 22 32 38 25 13 27 21 18 33 35 44 48 37 38 25 28 37 25 49 42 17 29 38 38 49 42 40 80 19 54 18 53 14 49 23 46 21 56 15 50 22 42 27 62 24 59 28 63 33 68 15 48 25 60 25 60 GRAND ROYAL ARCH CHAPTER OF CONNECTICUT. M. E. David Clark, of Hartford, G. H. P. ; Samuel Tripp, of East Hartford, D. G. H. P. ; Alexander Hamilton, of Bridgeport, G. K. ; Fred. J. Calhoim, of New Haven, G. S. ; Horace Goodwin, of Hartford, G. Treas. ; E. G. Storer, of New Haven, G. Secretary; Chester Tilden, of Willimantie, G. Chaplain; MISCELLANEOUS. 295 Nathan Dikeman, Jr., of Waterbury, G. C. H. ; Franklin W. Fish, of New Ha- ven, G. R. A. C. GRAND LODGE OF CONNECTICUT. M. W. William L. Brewer, Grand Master; R. W. George E. Daskam, Dep- uty G. Master ; R. W. John C. Blackman, Senior G. Warden ; R. W. Howard B. Ensign, Junior G. Warden ; R. W. Horace Goodwin, Grand Treasurer; R. W. E. G. Storer, Grand Secretai-y ; 1!. W. Frederick P. Coe, Senior G. Dea- con ; R. W. David E. Bostwick, Junior G. Deacon. GRAND ENCAMP-MENT OF KNIGHT TEMPLAR OF CONNECTICUT- M. E. Sir Cyrus Goodell, Grand Master ; John A. McLean, Dep^jty Grand Master; George F. Daskam, Grand Generalissimo; William Hyde, Grand Captain General; Asa Smith, Grand Prelate; Howard B. Ensign, Grand Senior Warden; David Claik, Grand Junior Warden ; Benjamin Beecher, Jr., Grand Treasurer ; Eliphalet G. Storer, Grand Recorder; William L. Brewer, Grand Standard Bearer; William R. Higby, Grand Sword Bearer; Frederick J. Calhoun, Grand Warder ; Isaac Tuttle, Grand Sentinel. GRAND COUNCIL OF SELECT MASTERS OF CONNECTICUT. T. I. William L. Brewer, M. P. G. M. ; George F. l3asknm, D. P. G. M. ; Hiram Willey, G. T. I.; James E. Bidwell, G. P. C. ; Horace Goodwin, G. Treasurer; Eiiphalet G. Storer, Grand Recorder; Rev. Comp. Benjamin AVhittemore, G. Chaplain ; I. Comp. Howard B. Ensign, I. Comp. William Storer, G. Stewards ; I. Comp. Isaac Tuttle, G. Sentinel. I. 0. 0. F. OF CONNECTICUT. OFFICERS OF GRAND ENCAMPMENT, FOR 18.57. M. W. G. P., James Phelps, Essex; M. E. G. H. P., Samuel II. Han is, New Haven; W. G. S. Warden, John G. Hayden, Essex; W. • G. Scribe, L. A. Thomas, New Haven ; W. G. Treasurer, Samuel Bishop, New Haven ; W. G. Junior Warden, Samuel Tolles, New Haven ; R. W. John Wallace, Ansonia, Grand Representative. OFFICERS OF GRAND LODGE, FOR 185Y. M. W. Eliphalet G. Storer, New Haven, Grand Master; R. W. John Wal- lace, Ansonia, Deputy Grand Master; R. W. Hiram K. Scott, Ridgefield, Grand Warden ; R. W. Lucius A. Thomas, New Haven, Grand Secretary; R. W. Samuel Bishop, New Haven, Grand Treasurer; R. AV. James Phelps, Essex, and R. W. Samuel B. Gorhnm, New Haven, G. Representatives; W. Alouzo G. Shears, New Haven, Grand Chaplain ; W. Haynes P. Ransom, 296 MISCELLANEOUS. Poitlaiid, Grand Marshal ; W. Samuel T. Scott, 'New Haven, Grand Con- ductor; W. Thomas \V. Badger, Meriden, Grand Guardian. Past Grand Masters. — Frederick Groswell, Charles W. Bradley, Robinson S. Hinman, (deceased,) Sheldon Bassett, John L. Devotion, Prelate Demick, JoJin Greenwood, Jr., Junius M. Willey, George S. Sanford, Lloyd E. Baldwin, Samuel Lynes, George W. Benedict, Freeman M. Brown, David B. Booth, Reynold Webb, (deceased,) James Phelps. THE COLD TERM OF JANUAEY, 1857. It is conceded on all liands that the " Cold Spell " of January, 1857, exceeded anything of the kind which has occurred in this countf j' since the memora- ble winter of ITSO, in which our ill clad army of the Revolution suffered so severely. We select the following from the newspapers of the day : — Boston and Vicinity, Jan. 22. — The weather last night and this morning was the coldest of the season. At East Boston, on the hill, the thermometer stood 20 degrees below zero. At South Reading it was 23 below, and at Maiden 20, with the snow blowing into huge drifts. The thermometer, e<\rly this morning, in this city, indicated a temperature of from 15 to 17 degrees below zero. At half past eiglit o'clock the mercury stood 11 below zero at the corner of Milk street. At same place at twelve o'clock, 5^ below zero. In Waltham, in a warm situation, a thermometer, which, on Friday morn- ing stood at 14 degrees below, indicated this morning a temperature of 6 de- grees lower. In another place on the low grounds of the satne town, the mercury, which on Frida}"^ was 18 below, stood at 28 below. In Woburn, a standard thermometer stood at 24 below, or 7 degrees lower than on Fiiday. In Lowell, at sunrise this morning, the thermometer stood at 28 degrees be- low. On Friday the same instrument stood at 19 below. In Maiden the mercury ranged from 28 to 31 degrees below zero. At Som- erville, on low land, 24 below. On Central Hill, within half a mile of the place where it stood at 24, it was only 4 below at the same hour. In Methuen and Lawience 32 below zero. In West Roxbury, 28 below. At Newtonville, this morning, the mercury stood at 24 and 26 degrees below. At West Newton, 27 and 30 below. At Concord the thermometer was nil the way from 22 to 29 degrees below zero. At Waltham we hear of one as low as 32. Dover, {N. H.,) Jan. 24. — The thermometer this morning .31 degrees below zero; clear and still, wind west. The average temperature here yesterday (23d) was twenty below. Bangor, Jan. 24. — At the residence of Hon. Elijah S. Hamlin, on Court MISCELLANEOUS. 297 street, at sunrise this morning the thermometer stood o.t forty-four degrees he- loio zero ! At some other places not below 38. White River Junction, Jan. 24. — 43 below ; thermometer frozen in several places. At Woodstock, 43 below; at Dartmouth College, So below, being the coldest ever recollected there. The railroads are all more or less blocked ; yesterday's train from Montreal not in j-et. Norihfield, Vt, Jan. 24. — 7 A. M., 40 below; clear. Manchester, K //., Jan. 24.-7 A. M., 3.5 to 40 below. Woodstock, Vt., Jan. 24. — From five to seven o'clock this A. 51., the ther- mometer in some localities was 43 below, and mercury congealed in many places. Clear and still. r/ Jiiurnal gives a table showing the temper- countrj- during the latter part of the cold The r/oW.— The Albany Eveni ature at principal points in the winter of 1834-5: — New York, Saco, Me , Portsmouth, Salem, Newburyport, Lowell, Concord, ]\lass., . Dorchester Lower Mills, Boston, Worcester, Hartford, . Jfew Haven, . Goshen, N. Y., . Albany, Newark, . Philadelphia, . Baltimore, Washington, . Montreal, The harbors of Portland, Newbur3-port, Boston, New Bedford, New Haven, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington, were frozen over. The lowest mark touched by the thermometer on Saturday, as far as re- ported, was attained at Bangor, Maine, where one marked forty four degrees below zero. This must have been marked by a spirit thermometer. At Woodstock, Vt., the thermometer reached 43 degrees below, between 5 and 7. A. M. 7 be ow . 23 ' 20 ' . 17 13 " . 24 ' 27 " . 22 15 " . 19 ' 27 " . 33 " 32 " 32 ' 13 " . 4 " 10 " . 16 " 35 " 298 MISCELLANEOUS. Rain in 1856. — Mr. Jonathan Clark, of Hampton, for these many j'cais a careful noter of the phenomena and changes of the weather, in writing a business letter to us, adds the following memoranda : — "Amount of rain that fell and water from melted snow, in each month iu the year 1856, in Hampton, Conn. :— January, 3.19 inches; February, 1.13 inches; March, 1.36 inches; April, 2.87 inches; May, 5.37 inches; June, 1.63 inches ; July, 1.87 inches; August, 11.50 inches; September, 3.88 inches; October, 0.97 inches; November, 2.37 inches; December, 3.87 inches. Total in the year, 40 inches. " In the year 1855, 37 . 38 inches of rain and snow water were marked. On thelSth and 19th of August, 1856, in the spMce of about 36 hours, about 5 inches of water fell; while in all the month of October only 97 hundredths of an inch fell, as seen by the table." THE OYSTER TRADE. The Oyster Business is quite extensively carried on in various parts of Connecticut ; but Fair Havex, the Eastern Precinct of the old Town of New Haven, is the great center of operations. We had engaged a friend to pro- cure the statistics of this business in Fair Haven, but he, not having attended to it from pressure of business, we avail ourself of the following communica- tion to the New York Tribune, written by one who has taken the trouble to investigate the matter. We hope in our next volume to be able to give a more particular and statistical account. Editor. New Haven, December, 1856. Although a resident of this city for fifteen or twenty years, and, as I had supposed, tolerably well posted relative to its many sources of prosperitj', I was not, till within a few days, aware of the importance of one branch of business in adding to the wealth of this community. I refer to the Oyster Trade; and notwithstanding our place has been noted for it for along period, I doubt whether many, even of our most intelligent citizens, have any very adequate conception of its extent or importance, or the influence its discon- tinuance would have upon the growth of this vicinity. Fair Haven — a flour- ishing suburb of this town and of East Haven, lying upon both sides of the Quinnipiac River — is the great depot for the business, and has been almost entirely built up and populated through the influence of this species of shell fishery. It is here that the many operations connected with the trade can be said to commence, although the greater portion of the bivalves are brought from waters of the Chesapeake Bay. On a brief visit to Fair Haven a few days since, I obtained some meager statistics relative to this branch of industrial pursuits, which were interest- ing to me, and possibly may be so to your readers, especially that portion of them residing in the Western States. As I have already stated, the oysters MISCELLANEOUS. 299 are principally taken iu Chesapeake Bay and its tiibutai-y rivers and inlets, and thence transported to Fair Haven, where they are "planted" or laid down in our waters, or else taken immediately from the vessel to the various places occupied by the many employed in opening, packing, and otherwise preparing them for market. The whole number of vessels engaged in the transportation of oysters to this place is about 80, mostly schooners, each capable of carrying cargoes varj-ing froiii 2,000 to 4,500 bushels. These ves- sels are generally owned in Fair Haven, but in busy seasons their number is largely increased by chartered craft. The amount of capital invested in this business cannot fall much short of §^1,000,000, and perhaps exceeds that amount, though I could not get any very connect data to fonn a decided esti- mate. The modus operandi of preparing the oyster for market is novel, and divided into several distinct departments There are the openers, the washers, the measurers, the fillers, the packers, (fee., each of which performs onl\' the duties pertaining to its own division. At this season of the year, few of the oysters are "planted," but are generally taken directly from the vessel to the places occupied by the openers, who form a large number of operatives, and are composed of females and boys, who earn from $5 to i?9 per week. An expert at this branch will open 100 quarts per day, but the average is not, perhaps' | over 65 quarts. The standard price is, I think, '2i cents per quart. This I work gives employment to many hundreds, and much of the work is performed at private dwellings, thus affording opportunity for labor to many who can- not go into a general workshop. The oysters, as they come from the vessel, are heaped up in the center of the room, the operatives occupying the wall sides. Each person has before him a small desk or platform, some three feet in height, on which is placed, as occasion requires, about half a bushel of oys- ters, from which the opener takes his supply. On the stand is a small anvil, on which, with a small hammer, the edge of the shell is broken. The opera- tive is provided with a knil'e and hammer, both of which are held in thei'ight hand at the time the shell is broken, when the latter is dropped, and knife does its work. Two tubs or pails, of about tliree gallons capacity each, are placed within about three feet of the workman, into which he throws, with great dexterity and rapidity, the luscious morsel wliich is to tickle the pal- ate and gratify the taste of some dweller in the Far West. The object of placing these vessels of reception so far from the operator, is to prevent, as much as possible, the deposit of the original liquor with the oyster; for, strange as it may appear, none of that liquor is deposited in the kegs or cans which convey the oyster to market, as they are all thoroughly washed in fresh water, and into each keg, according to its size, is poured a certain quan- tity of the same fluid. From the opening room the oysters are taken to the filling room, and thence to the packing depai'tment. In the filling room, on a platform, are placed a^dozen or more kegs or cans, with the bungs out. The oysters are first poured into a large hopper pierced with holes, in which tliey are thoroughly washed and drained, when they are ready to be deposited in 300 MISCKLLANROUS. packages. This is done by placing a funnel in the aperture of the keg, by one person, while another " measures and pours." This operation is per- formed with great rapidit.j', two or three men being able to fill some 2,000 kegs in a day. After depositing the requisite quantity of " solid oysters," as they are termed, in each package, a pipe conveying fresh water is applied, and the vacant space filled with nature's beverage — the bungs placed and driven home — when one of the greatest delicacies of the world is ready to start on its uncertain journey, for it may not reach the shores of Lake Erie, and yet it may he " gulped down " by some appreciative genius on the plains of Kan- sas, or still farther from its starting point. During the warm season, or from April till December, the kegs are packed in bijxes holding from sixteen to twenty-four, and surrounded with broken ice. In cold weather they are transported in bu!k. The result of each day's labor is dispatched to some Northern or Western depot, and thence distributed to subordinate stations. This portion of the business is transacted with all the precision and regularity of the United States Mails. The Hartford and New Haven Railroad are at present running from six to ten cars daily, loaded with oysters, mostly destined for the Western market, though a portion pass up the Connecticut vallej', and find their way into Canada East. A large por- tion of that section of country is supplied witli oysters from Fair Haven. I cannot, perhaps, give a more intelligible impression of the extent of this large and increasing interest, than by recording some facts connected with the business of one among the many large houses concerned in the trade. I select that of Rowe & Co., which has been in the business some twelve years, and their market is almost entirely north and west of Buffalo. This firm, which consists of three members, has two starting points, Norfolk, Va., and Fair Haven, Conn., and three principal depots — Buffalo, Detroit, and Hamil- ton, C. W. Fair Haven is the headquarters East, and Buffalo at the West. Tiieir Norfolk house, although at certain seasons it forwards opened oysters north, mainly attends to the buj'ing of the oysters in the shell, and sending them to Fair Haven, or " planting" them on the grounds owned by the firm in the Nanticoke River, (some 1,800 acres,) or in the waters near Norfolk. Their object in " planting " oysters South, where they lie over one season, is to obtain a larger article than they could otherwise. They keep one person constantly employed South in searching for and buying the extra quality, and they keep their boats "planting" the year through. This Company have in their employ over twenty vessels plying between Chesapeake Bay and Fair Haven, of which they are whole or part owners, and yet their demands are such that they are obliged to charter many more. These vessels, except for a month or two during the Bahama fruit season,^ are engaged entirely in the transportation of cargoes from the waters of the " Chesapeake to those of New Haven. Messrs. R. & Co. open and put up daily at Fair Ha.ven from 900 to 1,200 kegs, and from 800 to 1,000 cans during the busy season, and at Norfolk also a large quantity, but we have not the figures for the latter place. Their num- MISCELLANEOUS. 301 ber of openers is from 125 to 140, and they also employ about twenty otlier operatives. The cans are of tin, similar in shape to sardine boxes, but of greater capacity. Those packed in cans are designed mostly for the Cincin- nati and other markets in that direction. The cans are manufactured by themselves, on their own premises; but the kegs, in which much the larger quantity are transported, are made to order, and their yearly consumption in 150,000, at a cost of about $15,000. They paid the New York Central Rail- road, last year, $15,000 freight money, but this only includes transportation to BuiTalo, to which should be added large amounts for t.ansportatiou still further north and west. This house has its distributing office at Buffalo, from whence its branches extend to Toronto in Canada, and to St. Louis and St. Paul on the Missis- sippi, embracing a large portion of the principal intermediate points. Connecticut One Hundred and Fifty Years Ago. — In 1*756, there were 6 counties and 78 towns in the Colony of Connecticut. The number of white inhabitants was 12(3,995 ; of negroes, 3,019 ; of Indians, 617 ; total, 130,611. Litchfield County included Barkhamsted, Canaan, Colebrook, Cornwall, ttoshen, Hartland, Harwinton. Kent, Litchfield, New Hartford, New Milford, Norfolk, Salisbury, Sharon, Torrington, Winchester and Woodbury. Six hundred and seventeen Indians were counted in New London County, though there must have been others in otlier parts of the State. Litchfield County had the smallest number of inhabitants ; Barkhamsted having only 18 ; Hartland, 12; Norfolk, 84 ; and Winchester, 24. Tlie largest population was In Norwich, which had 5,540; and the next was iliddletown, with 5,463 ; and the next New Haven, with 5,085. Hart- ford had 3,027, of which 101 were negroes. Farminjjton, 3,7o7, and Windsor, 4,250, then ranked above Hartford, as did Wallingford, 3,713; New London, 3,171 ; Stonington, 3,518; Fairfield, 4,455 ; Norwalk, 3,050 ; Stratford, 3,058 ; and Lebanon, 3,274. In 1773, there was another census of the Colony, which gave 191,292 whites and 6,454 blacks ; total, 197,746. It must be remembered that the towns mentioned above covered a very much greater territory than they do now, most of them having been divided several times. New Haven in Old Times. — The Middletown Gazette of October 8, 1787, printed by Woodward & Green, a few rods north of the Post-Office, gives the census of inhabitants, etc., in New Haven at that date, as follows: Whole number, 3,364, of which 176 were students of Yale College ; 446 houses ; 103 stores; 324 barns and shops, " a large and elegant State House," and four houses of public worship. The same paper gives an account of Commence- ment at Yale for that year, and among the young graduates, we observe the names of Roger Sherman, Gideon Granger, Moses Atwater, and James Wads- worth. 302 MISCELLAXEOUS. The Danbury Times, instead of cheaply filling up its columns with Con- gressional report? and the Burdell murder, has been giving, in a series of in- teresting articles, a sketch of tlie "Rise and Progress of Hatting" in that town. Eiglity years ago, in a little red shop, one journeyman and two ap- prentices worked at the business. Now, after an account of each establish- ment, tlie Times sums up as follows: Amount of sales per annum $947,000 Capital invested, 260,000 Number of Males emploj'ed, 743 Females " 258 " Hats turned off per annum, 106,160 doz. Fur Hats formed 720,873 Amount of Cash paid to hands per annum, .... $416,000 " Coal consumed, 1,870 tons. " Steam power, 223 horse. Machinery in use: Sewing Machines, 17 ; Fur Hat Forming, 8 ; Fur Blow- ing, 10; Carding, 12; Sizing, 22. Mail Comjiunioatiox between New York and Boston Ninety-Eight Years Ago. — Post-Office, New York, Feb. 3, 1755. — It being found very inconvenient to persons concerned in trade, that the Post from New York to New England has heretofore set out but once a fortnight, during the Winter season ; the stages are now altered by order of the Postmaster General, and theNewEngland Post is henceforth to go once a week the year round, whereby correspondence may be carried on, and answers obtained to letters between New York and Boston in two weeks, which used in the Winter to require four weeks, and between Philadelphia and Boston in three weeks, which used to require six weeks. But to obtain this good end, it is necessary, on account of the bad- ness of the ways and weather in Winter, to dispatcli the Post some hours sooner irom New York. Notice is therefore hereby given, that he begins his weekly stage on Monday next, being the 10th instant, and will be dispatched precisely at 9 o'clock in the morning on that day, and every Monday fol- lowing. Alexander Colden, Postmaster. New Yor/i Alercury, Feb. 3, 1755. The Great Flood. — On Thursday, the 27th day of April, 1854, a severe Northeast rainstorm commenced, and continued incessantly for three days, causing the water to rise in the Connecticut River and all its tributaries to an unprecedented height. The water rose several feet'higher than had been known since the settlement of the country. The city of Hartford was partly inundated, and the banks of the river were overflowed throughout nearly its whole course. A large amount of property, estimated by some as high as $2,000,000, was destroyed. Another unusually high flood occurred in August, 1856, causing much de- struction of crops, as corn, potatoes, Englisli grain, hay, grass, etc. Many per- sons lost their entire year's crop. MISCELLANEOUS. 303 Oldest Max in America. — A eorresponclent of the Cassville (Ga..) Standard says that there is now living in Murray County, Georgia, on the waters of Holly Creek, a Revolutionary veteran who has attained tlie age of 134 j-ears. His name is John Ilames. He is known throughout the region in which he lives by the appellative, " Gran'sir Hames." Gran'sir is contracted for Grandsire. A grandsire he truly is. As I was on my way to visit this relic of the expired eighteenth century, I inquired of an oldish gentleman of about sixty, if he knew hirn. " Oh yes, I know him," said he, " he is my grand- father!" John Ilames was born in Mecklenburg County, Va., and was a lad ten years old when Washington was in his cradle. He was thirty-two wlien Braddock met his defeat in the Monongahela. He and several of his neighbors set forth to join the headstrong and ill-fated commander, but, after several days' march, were turned back by the news of his overthrow. He migrated to South Carolina nearly one hundred years ago. He was in thirteen considera- ble conflicts during the "War of Independence, and in skirmishes and ren- counters with Indians, with Tories and will) British, times beyond memory. He was with Gates at Camden, with Morgan at tlie Cowpens, with Greene at Hillsboro' and Eutaw, and with Marion in many a bold rush into a Tory can.p or red coat quarters. In this world of sin and vanity, it is a pleasant fact that the mind will sometimes turn from "the busy cares of earth," and revert to former time^^, " when life was all a mellow dream." An Ohio poet lately visited the home of his childhood, and after seeing his parents, wended his way to the old church, which it seems was being torn down. The scene was too much for the poet, and with a gush of anguish, he indited the following pathetic lines : " Fairwell, old churtch Of mi boyhood; witnesser of kat Tykisms and bakakes a leanink onto Strate seats, kau.-ing me many a spank ink at home for not sitting strate To meeting — old church. Good Bye ! Newspapers. — The first newspaper published in the Colony of Connecticut, was the Connecticut Gazette, establii>hed at New Haven, in 1755. It was pub- lished about thirteen years. Tlie second paper was the New London Sum- mary, established A\igust 8, 1758 ; and the third paper the Connecticut Cour- ant, established in 1764. Hon. Asa Bacon, recently deceased in New Haven in a good old age, left by his last will and testament the sum of $1,000 to the American Tract Soci- ety in New York, Si, 000 to the American Sunday School Union in Phila- delphia, and also the sum of $2,000 to Yale College, in addition to $8,000 previously subscribed by him for this institution. The Old "Rkh Cent." — As the old "red cent" is about being calleil in, some of our contemporaries are Avriting its liistory and obituary. The ceiif, 304 MISCELLANEOUS. was proposed in 1782, by Robert Morris, the great financier of the Revolu- tion, and was named by Jefferson, two years later. It began to make its ap- pearance from the mint in 1792. It bore then the head of Washington on one side, and thirteen links on the other. The French Revolution soon after created a rage for French ideas in America, which put on the cent, instead of the head of Washington, the head of the Goddess of Liberty — a French Lib- erty, with neck thrust forward, and flowing locks. The chain on the reverse was replaced by the olive wreath of peace. But the French Liberty was sliort lived, and so was her portrait on our cent. The present staid, classic dame, with a fillet around her hair, came into fashion about thirty or forty years ago, and her finely chiseled Grecian features have been but slightly altered by the lapse of time. The new cent is about the size of a quarter eagle, but much thicker, and nearly of the color of German silver. Tlie obverse is a well executed figure of an eagle in flight, with the date underneath, and the words " L^nited States of America" above. The converse is a finely executed wreath, repre- senting all the principal staples of the country — cotton, corn, tobacco, wheat, grapes, etc. — with the words one cent in the center. CONNECTICUT STATE PRISON. CONVICTS IX THE INSTITUTION, MARCH 31, 1857, Were Natives of the followikg States and Countries :^Connecticut, 91 ; Ireland, 26; New York, 31; England, 8; Massachusetts, 8; Vermont, 2; Rhode Island, 5 ; Maine, 5 ; Maryland, 3 ; Pennsylvania, 1 ; France, 1 ; New Hampshire, 3 ; Germany, 4 ; British America, 2; Texas, 1 ; Island St. Jago, 1. Total, 192. Were of the Following Ages: — Over 15, and less than 20, there ai'c 29 ; over 20, and less than 25, there are 55 ; over 25, and less than 30, there are 45 ; over 30, and less than 35, there are 22 ; over 35, and less than 40, there are 14 ; over 40, and less than 45, there are 7 ; over 45, and less than 50, there are 5 ; over 50, and less than 55, there are 9 ; over 55, and less than 60, there are 3 ; over 60, and less than 65, there are 2; over 65, and less than 70, there are 1. Total, 192. Crimes for wiiicit Committed. — Murder commuted, 5 ; Attempt to Poison, 1 ; Attempt at Rape, 6 ; Rai)e, 6 ; Murder, second degree, 8 ; Assault with intent to Kill, 9 ; Manslaughter, 5; Burglary, 44; Arson, 2; Adultery, 2; Incest, 3; High Crime and Misdemeanor, 3; Bigamy, 2; Buggery, 2; Rob- bery and Theft, 1 ; Burning Jail, 1 ; Highway Robbery, 3 ; Abusing Female Child, 1 ; Burning Factory, 2 ; Burning Barn, 7 ; Theft, 23 ; Horse Stealing, 12; Breaking Jail and Burglary, 2 ; Stealing from the Person, 4 ; Passing Counterftit Money, 3 ; Obstructing Railway, 2 ; Horse Stealing and Theft, 1 ; Robbing United States Mail, 2 ; Forgery, 5 ; Stealing Horse and Wagon, 1 ; Breaking Store, 3; Felony, 2; Burglarj" and Iloise Stealing, 2; Burglary and Arson, 1 ; Theft and Breaking Jail, 2; Burglary and Theft, 7 ; Foi-ging Pen- sion Papers, 1; Burglary and Forgers, 1 ; Perjury, 5. Total, 192. ADVERTISEMENTS. 11 JOB AND BOOK 88 State Street, (Stafford Building,) T. J. STAFFORD, Grateful for the patronage heretofore extended to him, respectfully informs his friends and the public generally, that his facilities for doing almost any amount of are still unsurpassed by any establishment in this State. All who want any fooks, fmjj^kte, ilaitks, iill gmfe, C|aks, SAMS. (EllWlAM, MiLlllSlSi. or anything else, printed at short notice, in a superior manner, and on rea- sonable terms, are invited to call as above. The subscriber deems it unnecessary to say anything in respect to the manner of doing work at his Establishment, from the fact that he received the first premium of a from the Connecticut State Fair of 1856, for the BEST PRINTING, and specimens of his work may be seen almost everywhere. In connection with the Establishment is a and he is prepared to get up every kind of BLANK BOOKS, as Ruling can be done to any desired pattern. All who are in want of PRINTING, or anything embraced in his line of business, are invited to call and examine specimens and prices. Orders by mail will receive prompt attention, and prices will be as liberal as if personally present. T. J. STAFFORD. 12 ADVERTISEMENTS. E. BENJAMIN, DEALER IN m^^m &mm mM^wmw^ RICH JEWELRY AND in every variety of frame, with Pebble and Perifocal eyes. GOLD WATCHES of every description, from $20 to $300. Movements of our own importation to order, in most magnificent styles. Also, the justly celebrated JDR6ENS0N WATCH. RICH DIAMOND, PEARL, CORAL AND PLAIN an assortment unequaled in the State. Sterling SILVER WARE, in great variety. Our stock of Fancy articles, Lamps, Table Cutlery, and Furniture of Plated Ware, is such as to make it an inducement to purchasers to call. Agent, also, for the sale of the Volcanic Repeating Firearms, superior to any other in use. All of the above goods were bought for Cash, and will be sold at the lowest figures, by Cor. of Chapel and State streets, New Haven. {Near the N. Y. d N. H. R. R. Depot.) ADVERTISEMENTS. 13 W. K. LEWIS & BROS, MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN <^ ilendid LIBRARY of FORTV LARGE BOUND VOLUMES is presented to every person who gets up a Club of £4 subscribers. Full particulars on application. We prefer that Clubs shall not be formed where the Magazine is for sale in the trade. We will furnish any of the readers of " Putnam " the July, August and September num- bei's of " Emerson," containing the opening chapters of the " Life of Washington," for fifty cents. The " Life of Washington " will be continued through the next volume, and the whole will be illustrated with several hundred fine original engravings. " My Tliirty Years Out of the Senate," by Major Jack Eowning, was commenced in the January number of " Emerson," 1857, and will be continued through several numbers more. The letters embraced in each number will be found of exceeding interest, not only for their humor and drollery, but also for their historical character. Volumes commence in July and January, yet subscribers may commence at any time. Any of the nine volumes of " Putnam " that have been published, neatly bound in cloth may be had through any bookseller or news agent, price $2 each, or half morocco, $3. As the plates are about to be melted up, this is the last opportunity that will be offered for obtain- ing a set of this standard American work. Four volumes of " Emerson " have been published. Vols. I, H and III, elegantly bound and profusely illustrated, can be obtained at $1.50 each, and Vol. IV at |2. Odd numbers of back volumes furnished when desired. J. M. EMERSON & CO., Publishers, No. 371 BKOADWAY. NEW YORK. 26 ADVERTISEMENTS. PATENT MARINE WATER-PROOF FLO ATI N G SAFE, For the preservation of MONEY, PAPERS, and other valuables, in case of disaster or wreck to ships and other vessels. For the transportation of SPECIE, JEWELS, WATCHES, LACES, EAST INDIA GOODS, and other extra-valuable freight, and for other purposes re- quiring bu03'ancy and security from water and dampness. In case of wreck, this Safe is to be thrown orerboard and taken in tow. Where total loss occurs, it will float off and keep on the surface until picked up. F. ASHLEY, Westport, Conn. ^^ jV'. j5. — Persons desiring the right to make and sell this Safe, may ad- dress as obove. A VALUABLE INVENTION. We were shown yesterday, by Mr. Ashley, of this State, a small-sized ''Ma- rine Floating Safe," intended to preserve ships' books, money or other valua- ble matters, in case of loss at sea. It is calculated to float with any required weight, from 600 pounds and upwards, for any length of time, and is perfectly impervious to wet, or moisture. It is composed of a large number of airtight compartments, so that should any half dozen of them be punctured by floating spars, or other pointed substance, it would affect its buoyancy in no serious de- gree, and would be conspicuous at a great distance to any passing vessel. We have examined this Safe very carefully, and believe it to be a most valuable invention. The amount of specie, jewels, and other valuables, annually lost, by the wreck of vessels, as all well know, reaches the sum of millions ; all of which might be saved by the use of this important invention. In the loss of the "Atlantic" on Lake Erie, in the summer of 1855, the Adams Express Com- pany lost its case, or chest, containing $70,000 in specie. Had the money been placed in one of these Safes, the Company would have been spared the great expense to which they were subjected, in raising their property from the wreek. But besides this, money cannot always be recovered, as this was, and is, therefore, of course, entirely lost. We were also shown, in connection with the Safe, the model of a " Vertical Floating Berth," the principle of which can easily be applied to the furniture of a steamer, or any other vessel. Each berth is capable of sustaining at least two persons ; and from the nature of its construction, will maintain its upright position when in the water. They may also be lashed together by spars to any extent and in this way compose a raft, or rafts, capable of sustaining any ship's company. In the case of the steamship "Arctic," lost in mid-ocean, some two years since, and which was five hours in settling, had these berths been in use on board that ill-starred ship, the whole number of the lost might have easily been saved. We heartily recommend both of these inventions to ship owners, underwriters and Express Companies, as things of uncommon value. — Neio Haven Morning Journal and Courier. ADVEBTISEMKNTS. 27 PIANO FORTE WAREHOUSE. PIANO FORTES From the best makers in New York and Boston. Agent for the sale of Stein- way & Sons' FIRST PREMIUM PIANOS. They have taken three Gold Medals in one year. Warranted for three years. For rent by the quarter or year. Payments quarterly in advance. Ten days' notice of discontinuance expected. Instruments taken in exchange, or left on sale. Orders for Tuning promptly attended to. Sheet music and Glee Books, Piano Stools, Cloth and Rubber Covers, and Music Folios. Excellent Teachers upon the Harp, Organ and Piano, as well as the Voice, recommended. luatructions given on all the above named Instruments. H. W. BULL, No. 78 Chapel Street, New Haven, Conn, Horse Collars. GILLETTE & SMITH MANUFACTURE Of various kinds, which they will sell to their customers at th« lowest cash prices, and warrant them to be equal to any in the market ]¥o. 23 BRE^l^ERY STREET, NEW HAVEN, CONN. JOHIV 1>. CAW DEE, .A.TTOI?.3SrE"5r -A-T Ij -A. No. 4 Lyon Building, Chapel Street, NEW HAVEN, CONN. ^W, 28 ADVERTISEMENTS. BOSTON STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY. EST-A-BLISIiEID IIST 1832. The attention of authors, booksellers, printers, engravers, — and all who are interested in printing of any description, — is called to the unusual facilities possessed by the Boston Stereotype Foundry for the application of :E3XjESOTn.oT"3ri»iKr ca-, whereby duplicates of wood cuts, type work, or steel engraving, can be produced in copper, equal, in every respect, to the original. The proprietors of the above Foundry were the first in the country to introduce electrotypes to any extent, and can confidently refer to publishers and printers to corroborate their claims to superiority in this particular branch of their business. By reason of their large fonts of type, they are prepared to contract for works of any magni- tude, and, as a guarantee of style and accuracy, would refer to the plates of numerous works which have emanated from their establish- ment, among which may be mentioned the Dictionaries of Worcester and Webster. New and tasteful type and borders are being constantly added to their already extensive assortment in the jobbing department, thereby enabling them at all times to meet the difierent styles demanded. Orders for electrotypes of bill-heads, cards, tags, spool tickets, — in fact, labels of every description, — are respectfully solicited. g, Sillier P^kl anb gi^kma were lately awarded by the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Associ- ation to the Boston Stereotype Foundry for electrotypes contributed to their Fair. Prompt attention will be given to all communications or orders addressed to CHARLES J. PETERS, Agent, 4 SPRINO L.AIVE, BOSTOIV. ADVERTISEMENTS. 29 NEW HAVEN PALLADIUM, Published by Babcock & Sizkr, Adelphi Building, opposite R. R. Station. Terms— DAILY, $5 per Annum; TRI-WEEKLY, $3 per Annum; WEEKLY, $2 per Annum. The Daily and Tri-Weekly Edition malce a very large city circulation — no other paper has any larger. All Advertisements for the Daily, appear in the Tri-Weekly without extra charge. The Weekly Palladium offers large inducements to Adrertisers, as it circulates all over this section of the State, as well as in various other directions. PRINT PUBLISHERS ARTISTS' COLORMEN, 366 BROADWAY, NE\VYOIlK. (M. KNOEDLER, SUCCESSOR.) JOURNAL AND COURIER, Edited and Published by Carrington & Hotchkiss, 115 Chapel street, NEW HAVEN, CONN. DAILY JOURNAL, per Annum, $5.00 WEELLY JOURNAL, 2.00 Printing of every kind neatly executed, and with dispatch. JOHN B. CARRINGTON, JOHN B. HOTCHKISS. VTJ (SUCCESSORS TO A. WORTENDYKE & CO.,) MANUFACTURERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS. Patent Cotton Skirt Cord, Yarn, Tv^ine, Batts, TVadding, dec, dec, SUPERIOR CHANDLERS' WICK, Patent Counter-Twist and Twisted Wick, LAMP AND FLUID ^VICKS. MANUFACTORIES, - - - GODWINVILLE, N. J. WAREHOUSE, - - - - No. 20 BEEKMAN ST:, N. Y. 30 ADVERTISEMENTS. Q Tj o ]sr nsr ' s FASHIONABLE HAIR DRESSING & SHAVING SALOON, AT MERCHANTS HOTEL,, NEW HAVEN, CONN. Young Gents' and Misses' Hair Cut in the most Fashionable styles. 1^ Perfumery, Hair Dyes, Soaps, Combs, Brushes, Hair Oils, Gents' Shirts, Collars, Wristbands, Suspenders, Gloves, Socks, &c. WILLIAM W. QUONN, Proprietor. PORTABLE FORGES AND Queen's Patent. — The best Forge in market for Blacksmith's work. Boiler Maker's, Mining Quarrying. <5 Shipping, Plantations, Contractors on Railroads and Public Works, Coppersmiths, Gas Fitters, etc., etc. Also an improved Portable Melting Furnace for .Jew- elers, Dentists, Chemists, etc. These are the only Forges constructed with sliding doors to protect the fire from wind and rain when used out doors, and for perfect safety and free escape of smoke when used in doors. They are compact for shipping. Circulars with particulars and prices will be for- warded upon application. Manufactory, Peekskill, N. Y. FREDERICK P. FEAGEER, Sole Manufacturer, 210 Water Street, N. Y. Willard Harvey & Co., 84 MAIDEN LANE AND 17 CEDAR STREET, NEW YORK EVERT DESCRIPTION OF Wrapping, Printing and Writing ON HAND OE MADE TO ORDER. FANCY COLORED AND TISSUE PAPERS, Blotting Paper and Envelops, Trunk, Binders', Straw Board and Bonnet Boards. {SEE OPPOSITE PAGE.) ADVERTISEMENTS. 31 {SEE OPPOSITE PAGE.) TWIIEJOUSE. WILLARD HARVEY & CO., 84 Maiden Lane and 17 Cedar Street. Importers, Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in Flax, Hemp, and Cotton IWIBES. LINES, CORDAGE THE LARGEST AND BEST ASSORTMENT OF SASH CORDS, BED CORDS, SKIRT CORDS, Clothes Lines, Plow Lines, Garden Lines and Masons' Lines. THE MOST COMPLKTE VARIETY OF STAPLE AND FANCY TWINES. CAMPHENE, BURNING FLUID AND COMMON CANDLE WICKING, CARPET WARP AND COTTON YARNS. Sboe Thread and Saddlers' TSiread. All numbers of common and patent Cotton and Linen SBINE TWINES, Fishing Lines and Gilling Threads, ^^OV ONLY THE BEST KINDS MADE.^^^3 Special and peculiar Twines or Cordage made and put up according to orders. ALL AT THE LOWEST PRICES FOR CASH. 32 ADVERTISEMENTS. Sewing Machines, 343 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. AGENCIES. 228 Washington St., Boston ; Corner Walnut and 4th streets, Cincinnati ; 628 Chestnut street, Philadelphia ; 169 Lake street, Chicago ; 1'26 Baltimore street, Balti- more; 209 Main street, Buffalo ; Seventh street, Wash- ington, D. C; 143 Jefferson avenue, Detroit ; 31 and 32 Broad street, Charleston, S. C. ; Smith's Arcade, Roch- ester ; 120 Canal street, New Orleans; 6^5 Broadway, Albany, N. Y. ; 79 Fourth street, St. Louis, Mo.; 3 Al- bany street, Tniy, N. Y., and in all of the principal places of the United States. These Machines have been before the public suflS- j« ciently long to test them thoroughly. Thousands of them are in use throughout the country, and are their own recommendation. We refer confidently to those using them. They are adapted to every part of Family Sewing, stitching, sewing, quilting, gathering, hemming, &c., with a strength and beauty unequaled by hand work. They do the work of twelve persons, making from 1,200 to 2,(100 stitches per minute. They are indispensable to Seamstresses, Tailors, Dressmakers, Manufacturers of Shirts, Collars, Silks, Linens, Woolen and Cotton goods, &c. They make the double thread lock or " shuttle-stitch," the only stitch that cannot be raveled. Their superiority consists in elegance of model and finish, simplicity and thoroughness of construction, lightness and rapidity of operation, easy management, quiet movement, econ- omy of thread, firmness and durability of seam that will not rip or ravel, and is of equal beauty upon both sides. An examination of these Machines, and specimens of their work, is respectfully solicited. Send for the Company's circular. DIRECTORY AGENCY OFFICE. WM. H. BOYD, Appletoii's Building, 346 and 34§ Broadway, If. Y. For Washington, D. C, Cleveland and Sandusky, Ohio, Syracuse, Rome, Sche- nectady, Kingston & Rondout, N. Y., Paterson, Trenton and Newark, N. J., Newport, Pawtucket, and Woonsocket, R. I., Lancaster, Pa., Wilmington, Del, Norwich, Conn., and New York City Tax Book, &c. Also agent for APPLETOK'S RAILWAY COM.YieRCIAL REGISTER, and for the principal Directories published in the United States and Canadas. All the City and State Directories published in the United States or Canada, can be obtained at this office at Publishers' prices, among which are the following : New England Business Directory, containing the names of all persons in business — every Bank, Institution, &c., and all information relating thereto, price $3 ; Pennsylvania State Business Directory, $2; Michigan State Busi- ness Directory, $.3; Ohio State Business Directory, $3 ; Illinois and Mis- souri State Business Directory, $2 ; Campbell's Southern Directory, $2; New Orleans Dikectory, with the names of the Planters of Mississippi, Louisia- na, Arkansas and Texas, $5 ; Newspaper Record, being a list of all the News- papers published in the United States, Canada, and Great Britain, useful to pub- lishers and advertisers, $2. LIST OF POST OFFICES, latest issues, 50 cents and $1.25. ^VILI^lAm H. BOYD. ADVERTISEMENTS. 33 GEO. A. PRINCE & CO., MANUFACTURERS OF THE aHMlDWi® [KI]l[L(D[Di®K] With Divided Swell, NIAGARA STREET, BUFFALO. ' Circulars sent by mail. Orders promptly filled.„^3 THE SUBSCRIBER, HAVING THE LARGEST ENGRAVING ESTABLISHMENT in the United States, is able to execute all orders in his line, however large, in a neat and artistic manner. Particular attention paid to DRAWING AND ENGRAVING ALL KINDS OF §ooIi Illustrations, |ortraits, Views of Buildings, Plain and Ornamental Bill Heads, MACHINERT, LANDSCAPES, &c., &c. Orders hy Mail, Express, or Telegraph, promptly attended to. J. YF. ORR, 75 IVassau Street, I¥ew York. K i ,■ LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 0014 1102849