5>^^^ .^t^ :^ :x i ^ .^.<> Arthur Pue Gorman (Late a Senator from Maryland i MEMORIAL ADDRESSES Fifty-ninth Congress Second Session SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES February 1, 1907 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES February 2, 1907 Compiled under the direction of the Joint Committee on Printing WASHINGTON : : GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : : 1907 14 \ E^ ^ (c ^-h TABLE OF CONTENTS. I'aRf. Proceedings in the Senate 5 Prayer by Rev. Ulysse.s G. B. Pierce 5, 7 .\ddre.ss of Jlr. Rayner. of Maryland. 9 Address of Sir. Aldrich, of Rhode Island . 21 .\ddress of Mr. Clay, of Georgia 24 .\ddress of Mr. Hale, of Maine 55 Aildre,ss of Jlr. Culloni, of Illinois 3;S .\ddress of Mr. Blacklnirn, of Kentucky 45 .\ddre.ss of Mr. Frye, of JIaine 5 ' .\ddress of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina .=;,, .\ddress of Mr. Tillman, of South Carolina 5.S .\ddress of Mr. AVhyte, of Maryland 64 Proceedings in the House 66 Prater by Rev. Henry N. Couden . 6S .address of Mr. Talbott, of Maryland . ~\ Address of Mr. Cannon, of Illinois. . 77 Address of Mr. Clark, of Missouri . Si .\ddress of Mr. Smith, of Maryland S7 .\ddress of Mr. Livingston, of Georgia S9 .\ddress of Mr. Clayton, of .'Alabama 90 Address of Mr. Towne, of New York 94 .\ddress of Mr. Byrd, of Mississippi . . 103 .Address of Mr. Goulden. of New York 110 Address of Mr. Gill , of JIarvland 112 Death of Senator Arthur P. Gorman PROCEEDINGS IN THE SENATE Monday, y««( 4. igo6. Rev. Ulysses G. B. Pierce, of the cit\' of \^'ashington, offered the following prayer: We come into Thy presence, our P'ather, with hearts veiled with sorrow. But it is not as if Thy lo-Ce were taken from us or Thy power had failed, for we are still Thy children. Thou .still our Father. Renew our days as of old. Cau.se the light of Thy counte- nance to shine upon us. Let Tin- grace strengthen us, and through the cloud lead us into the light that never was on land or sea. So, our Father, wilt thou turn our niourniuiJ into joy and iiur tears into thanksgiving. Amen. Mr. Bailey. Mr. President, in the absence of the surviving Senator from Maryland, it becomes my painful duty to announce the death of Senator CiOKJiAN. The end which awaits us all found him this morning. At his residence in this city, ,snr- roinided by his .stricken family, he passed from the strife and bitterness of this world to the peace and rest of a better one. I would ask the Senate to honor his long and faithful .service as a member of this body b>- holding a public funeral in the Senate Chamber except for the fact that he has left instruction that his burial shall be a simple one. In obedience to his 6 MiiitDiial .\(1drcsst-s : .Irlliiir /'. (inrii/irit \\■i^llt's. I Idrhcar lo make an\ n,-([Uc>l fuillR-r than Id ask iIil- adojition of the resohiticius wiiicli I st-iiil to the desk. At some later time Senator Rayiier, who learned of vSenator (ioKMAx's death when it was too late for him to reach the Chamber for this morninji's session; will ask us to set apart a da\ upon which the Senate will pa\' a littin.L; trihiue to the memor\' and services of our deceased associate. The Xick-Pkksident. The Secretary will read the resolu- tions snljniitted by the Senator from Texas. The Secretar\- read the resolutions, as follows: A'rso/ffd, That the Senate has heard with profound sorrow of the dealli of Hon. .\RTHl'i< I'VE (iORMAN, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. A'fso/zvd, That a coniinittee of seventeen Senators be appointed by the Vice-T'resident to lake order for superintending the funeral of Mr. GOR- M.\.\, which will take place at his late residence, Thursday, Jvuie 7, at 11 o'clock, and that the Sendte will attend the same. A'i'so/;rmitted to tlie Senate the re.so- lutions cif the House on the death of Hon. Aktiu'K Ptk GoK.MAN, late a Senator from the State of Maryland. The me.ssage also announced that the Speaker of the Ht)U.se had appointed Mr. J. Fred C. Talbott. Mr. John Gill, jr.; Mr. Thomas A. Smith, of Maryland; Mr. Sydney E. Mtidd, Mr. Frank C. Wachter, Mr. George A. Pearre, Mr. John .S. Williams, Mr. Leonidas V . Living.ston, Mr. Thoma.s B. Davis, of West Virginia: Mr. Samuel M. Robert.son, Mr. John A. Moon, of Tennessee- .Mr. John H. .Stephens, of Texas; Mr. C. L. Bartlett, Mr. J. W. Babcock, Mr. Theodore V.. Burton, of Ohio; Mr. James M. Griggs, and Mr. John F. Rixey, mem- bers of the connnittee on the part t)f the Hou.se to attend the finieral. WkdnKSD.w. June 6, ic^o6. Mr. H.\LE. Mr. President, in \-ie\v of the funeral of the late Senator from Maryland to-morrow, I move that when the Senate adjourns to-day it be to meet at 2 o'clock to-morrow. The motion wa.s agreed to. TuvRSDW . June 7, /Q06. The .Senate met at 2 o'clock ji. m. Rev. I'lysses G. B. Pierce, of the city of Washington, offered the following prayer : From the house of sorrow, our Father, we come to the house of labor. So doth Thou lead us from the things to be borne to the things to be done. .\nd as Thou hast given us Thy grace 8 .\Ic»ii)r/a/ . hhircsscs : . lr//iiir P. CorDiaii hunihly to bow before Thy good providence, so we beseech Thee vouchsafe unto ns Thy strength, that we may steadfastly hiy liold of Thy purposes till Thy kingdom shall come and Thy will be done on earth, even as it is in heaven. Amen. 'V\wv.sv>\\ , January J. igoj. Vlx. Raynek. Mr. President, I desire to give notice that on vSaturday, January 26, 1907, immediately after the routine morn- ing l)usiness, I shall ask the vSenate to consider re.solutions in .commemoration of the life, character, and public services of my late colleague, Hon. Arthtr PrK CiOrm.\x. Frid.W, Jatiuayy 2^, Jv"/- Mr. Raynek. Mr. President, I desire to give notice that on next Friday, February i , at half past 2 o'clock, I will submit resolutions commemorative of the public services of the late Senator Gormax. The .services were to have taken place tomorrow, but have been unavoidalily postjioned. Friilav, Fchruaiy 1, i9' tribute to the memory of its departed members. It is proper that the.se proceedings should take place because it seem.s to me that the dead are so soon forgotten now beyond the immediate circle that surrounds them, that it is well in cases where men in pub- lic life have been of .ser\-ice to their country that there should be some public reminder and memorial of their deeds. Senator Gorman was for a long time a distinguished figure here. He was, during the greater part of his political career, the recog- nized leader of the Democratic part5' in his State, and for some years its leader in the Nation, and it is entirely within the bounds to .say that during all this time he exercised a com- manding influence in the councils of his party, and In- virtue of his long experience and sagacity occupied a most prominent position amongst its foremost men. He possessed to a remark- able degree the qualifications of political leadership. The question is often asked, What are the constituent ele- ments that constitute the.se qualifications? This is a difficiUt question to answer. Political leaders in a great degree resemble all other leaders in the various walks of war and peace — in the profe.s.sions, in literature, and in the ranks of commercial enter- prise and business activity. They are born, not made. A man, 9 lO Miunn inl .\(Uircssfs: .Irllinr /'. (,ormaii if Ik- lia> thetalL-iU for this \ocatioii, ina\- culti\-ate and de\-t;l()i) it, hut 1 lia\c never believed that he could create it. It is a peculiar jj;ift that is made up of so many parts that the absence of an\' one of them would fail to produce the whole. The entire combination in its natural and delicate proportions must exist in order to brint; about the effect that is known as leadership. It is a jiower of mind and singularity of temperament united. Senator ('rOKM.\x, at an early age, appeared upon the politi- cal arena and he received his training from the masters of the art. His preceptors were the formidable chieftains of the ear- lier days who formulated great political princi])les and pioneered the wa\- through the wilderness often without any guide or compass to direct them upon their journey. Party lines were then clo.sel\' drawn, and the first lesson that Senator Gorm.\n learned was the le.s.son of discipline. He carried it through life with him. It is \-ery difficult for anyone to era.se impres- sions that have thus been .stamped upon him, and the instruc- tions that we receive and the opinions we form and the convic- tions we acquire as oiu' intellectual faculties are being developed, as a rule, become indelible in our niaturer years. Our political sentiments are generally bequeathed to us, and even our religious faith comes to us from the remotest ancestry. In oin' beliefs, as well as in our habits, we are often the subjects of a fate as inibentling and inexorable as the laws of nature. vSenator CjOKMAN was trained in a school in which party loyalt\' was the alphabet and the curriculum and the test and pa.ss]X)rt for honor and jiromotion. He was naturally a man of positive ])in"])()se and of remarkable power of will, but he always believed in the doctrine that the part\' was greater than the indi\idual, and if there was a difference of opinion it was the duty of the indi\idual to surrender and sacrifice his own views at tlie altars of his ]iart\' lo\alt> and allegiance. At the time when he first AiMrcss 1)/ Ml. A'av/trr, of Maryland 1 1 became prominentlj' active in party affairs, all the great politi- cal leaders were imbued with these ideas and had been the dis- ciples of that school. At present the political tide has changed and there is a vast body of independent voters in this countr\' who fluctuate according to the men and measures that are presented to their suffrages. Citizens with these procli\'ities work to a greater advantage in State and numicipal politics than they do in national con- troversies, and we must all admit that their influence has been productive of the greatest good in the various communities in which they appear. One thing is certain, however, and that is, in time of heated party conflict a party to succeed mu.st have discipline, organization, and leadership, and it was in the heat of party conflict that Senator Gorman exhibited his talents and accomplishments. When others liecame disconcerted he preserved his equanimity, and by his unruffled demeanor and liis undisturbed self-possession infused courage and confidence among his followers, and at times when defeat .seemed immi- nent and his supporters were di.scouraged and dismayed and his hosts were trembling, his gift of leadership appeared to the best advantage. He may have felt doubtful about the result; he ma>' have clearly perceived that there was danger threaten- ing, but if these thoughts occupied his mind, he never betrayed them, and he ne\-er disclosed them, e\'en to those who were most inti ."iiately as.sociated with him in the management of party affairs. If I could properly .summarize what jxjlitical leadership meant in his case, I would speak of it as follows: It meant the power to analyze the situation and not to be deceived b)- misleading appearances, and the faculty of discerning the true condition of public opinion. It carried with it necessarily- a degree of per- sonal magnetism that often tinned his bitterest enemies into his 12 Memorial Addresses : Arlliur /'. (joriinr/i warmest fi ieiuls. It meant courage and jiidgmeut at critical periods and in the hour of emergency, and, what is greater than all, it meant wliat I call, for the want of a better name, the genius of organization. This genius of organization is an endowment and not an acquirement. Some men of great force and intellect po.s.se.ss it, while with others similarh- equi])ped it is entirely wanting. It is the power and the instrument of system and of method. The man who wields this weapon must be a man of purpose, of reserve, and of equilibrium. Senator Gorman posses.sed all the.se attributes. It requires a thorough insight into human nature. It is the peculiar .skill of accom- plishing those things that are demanded by circumstances and the tact to make the best use of opportunities and occasions as they present themselves. It demands a fixed purpose and a steady nerve and a re.sourceful mind, and then, above all these things, comes the ability to instill into your subordinates the in.spiration of your example and to infuse into the masses to whom \ou look for results the zeal and enthusiasm that are the accompaniments of .success. Of course a man who has occupied, like Senator Gorman, a po.sition of this sort is bound to create hostility. Like every- one else similarly situated he had hosts of friends and hosts of enemies. There is one thing remarkable about his career, however, and that is he had few, if any, personal enemies. The elements that were inimical to him entertained no un- friendly feeling toward him personally. As a rule every political leader is surrounded by a retinue of friends who follow him in order to participate with him in his victories and often desert and betray him when disaster overtakes him. Senator Gorm.vn's situation was peculiar in this respect. He had made friends who were as loj'al to him when his fortunes wavered as thev were in the hour of his Address of Mr. Raymr, of Afaryfand ■ 13 greatest triumph. At one of the largest poHtical meetings heUl in our vState during the last Congressional canvass the mention of his name elicited as much applause from the ranks of the party as if his living figure had stood before the assemblage. He always believed in the precept, "The friends thou hast and their adoption tried, grapple them to thy soul with hooks of steel." His force was that of attraction and not of repulsion. With- out being demon.strative, his Ijearing was at all times genial, his carriage and intercourse with his fellow-men were without the slightest pomp or pageantry, and he was always access- ible to the humblest one of his constituents. He never .sat in state, and he gathered no delight whatever from di.spla>- or ostentation. He had too much wisdom for pride or vanit_\' or exaltation. \^auit3" is generally the attribute of weak minds and of persons who glide along the surface — those who are thoughtful and profound are as a rule humble aud lowly. Some one said of Francis Bacon that he was fraught with all the learning of the past and almost prescient of the future, but too wise not to know his weakness and too philosophic not to feel his ignorance. Mr. Gorman was devoted to his work in the vSenate. He had dedicated to it the best years and energies of his life and had thoroughly understood and mastered it. vSenators who served with him upon connnittees here will bear te.stimony to his faith- ful attention to the duties that devolved upon him, his untiring indu.stry, his assiduous consideration of every practical problem that was submitted to him, his capacity for constructi\e legisla- tion, the analytical methods that he pursued in his work, and the experience that he brought to i>lay in dealing with impor- tant questions of governmental expenditures, aud his facult\' of summarizing propositions upon this flcjor in a manner that made them easih' comprehended. 14 Mcuioridl . \(hir(sst s : . Irf/iiir /'. ( ioniiaii When we think of it, his career was a remarkable one. He had risen from an humble position in this body to the hi'jjhest and most commanding station. It was not the extraneous influence of good fortune that had visited upon him the suc- cessive preferments that he received, nor did he claim the advantage of a great ancestral line from whom he might ha\-e derived the heritage of honor and fame. He advanceil from place to place, first in the general assembly, then to the leader- ship of the partj- organization in his .State, then to the Senate here, and his leadership of his party, and then to the conunand of his party forces in the country, sim]>ly liecause he possessed the power and the qualifications that entitled him to these distinctions. These places were not gifts to him, nor awarded to him because of any seniority of service in ranks of his party, nor in accordance with any rule, custom, or usage, but because it was discerned by lho.se who knew him best and were fullv t-apable of judging of his merits that he had the natural (jnali- fications to successfully perform these important functions, and in his palmy days he never disappointed his followers and never fell below the expectations that were entertained of him. If 1 were a.sked to select the nio.st important .service that our lamented friend rendered to his party beyond these halls T would refer to the part he took in the election of Mr. Cleveland for President. His tireless and incessant work U])on this occa- sion will be long remembered — that is to say, it should be remembered. I do not believe that at a time of this sort it is jiroper to indulge in undue adulation of those who.se memory we are honoring or to bestow exaggerated jjraise above what merit calls for. and I am sure that Senator (fOKM.VN, if lie were living, would not ap])reciate an\' laudator>- statements of any .services' that he had ever performed, either for his jiartx' or his country, that he was not fully entitled to. I will, therefore. Address ofMr. Rayncr. of' Maryland 15 not say that his efforts elected Mr. Cle\elaiul to the Presidency, but I will, without hesitation, say that he did more than any other single individual toward the consummation of that vic- tory. He was an untiring worker when he applied himself to the accomplishment of aii>- inirjiose that he had in \-iew — cov- ering every detail of the programme before him and not over- looking the slightest minutia; that could be of any advantage to him whatever. In this contest he had before him a political geography of the United States, with all of its territory and enviroiunent. He studied every State, city, and district where there was a hope of Democratic success. He kept in constant view every .stronghold of his own part\' and every weak and unprotected point in the fortifications of the enemy. He jiermitted no s]iot to escape him where it was possible to make an inroad upon the possessions of the foe. He brought himself into personal contact with all the party leaders all over the land. He di.s- niissed from his consideration every place where succe.ss was imf)OSsible and effected a thorough organization in all places where there was a hope of victory. It was an enormous work of immense proportions, and the result demonstrated that in its prosecution and its triumjihant termination he simply out- generaled the chieftains of the Re]>ublican jiarty. and working at a disadvantage against them overcame them by the craft and skill of his political leadership. Of course, the Democratic hosts were with him, and the independent \'ote of the country was really the balance of power that decided the contest, but beyond it all was a thorough and perfect organization, disci- ciplined and marshaled by Senator Gor.m.\x. If I were asked to name the most valuable service that he rendered to his party — and I hclie\-e to the country — in the Senate, I would immediatelx' select his memorable work in 1 6 Memorial . l- ostentatious Address of Mr. Rnvnrr, of Marvlaiid 17 acts of philanthropy, he was ccjiistantly engaged in acts of private benevolence and charity, and that any appeal of poverty or of suffering alwaws awakened his tenderest sympath>' and his ready response. This is the heart and essence of true religion. When the time arrives for us to take a final reck- oning with our life and balance the account, deeds like this are of more priceless value than all the accomplishments of ambition and all the achievements of fortune and fame, and all the pos.sessions of {xswer and of worldly glory and renown. For inuiles of faith let ,i{racele.s,s zealots fight; His can't be wrong whose life is in the right. I come now briefly to another phase of vSenator Gokman'.s life which I shall pass over tenderly, because I think it is too sacred for intrusion, even upon an occasion of this sort. The be.st impuLses of his heart seemed to radiate around the glare of his fireside and the circle of his family. His hap- pie.st and most contented hours were pas.sed among those to whom he was bound b)- the bonds of affection and for whose comfort and well-being he was at all times prepared to make an}^ sacrifice invoked by love ox dut)-. He found but slight amu.sement and took only a passing interest in the pleasures of the world, and he centered his deepe.st devotion upon the altar of his home, and his fondest hopes clustered around those who looked to him for aid and for counsel as the>- grew to manhood and womanhood under his fostering care. I believe that if Senator Gokm.vn at an\- time would have been required to have taken his choice between the accom- plishment of his own andjition and his duty to those depend- ent upon him he would not have he.sitated a moment in making the election. As full of andiition as he was. he would have abandoned the worship of its idols for the idoK S. Hoc. 404, 59-2 2 i8 M/)iiori(i/ .l/idrcssts: Arllnir P. CfOniian of his liousehohl. ( )ur lioine is rt-ally the lioUest spot on earth. It is the oasis in the trackless desert and the foini- tain amidst the. parched and thirsty longintjs for restless power and aspirations unattained. As years go by the fleet- ing phantoms of political honor recede from view and we gladly retrace our steps to the temple we ha\-e reared — our own architecture — so that we may strengthen its jiillars and rear its spires toward the sky. There is no word or phrase in any language, dead or liv- ing, that I know of that carries with it the full significance of the luiglish word "home." It is not capable of transla- tion, or even of definition or interpretation, and I ho]ie, therefore, that the day will never come when any iconoclast will change the orthograph\ of that Anglo-Saxon term and destroy the memories and imagery that cluster around it.s meatiing. And now his jMlgrimage is ended and he is in his eternal home, where the m\.stery is unfolded — a mystery that neither philosophy nor science has ever solved. We ha\'e unbo.somed the secrets of the earth and expo.sed the c\'cles of geologic time and gazed into re\-olving planets, but we stand aghast and diunb at llie prolilem of nran's creation. We can explain from a natural stand])oint almost e\erything except the most vital of them all, an- and at once the strength and weakness of his own position and that of his antagonists. In debate on such occa- sions he did not seek for rhetorical effect, but contented him- self with stating his propositions clearly and conci-sel)' and in a manner which was admirable in tone and convincing in effect. The value and importance to the country, however, of Mr. Gorman's services here were as a practical legislator and not as a political leader. In legislation he did not confine his at- tention to subjects reported from the Committee on Appropria- tions, of which he was long a leading member, but he took a prominent part in the consideration and disposition of every important subject that came before the Senate during his term of .service. He brought to the discussion of these questions a soinid judgment and clear perception. In all really great ([ues- tions involving the dignity or the welfare of the country he put patriotism above partisanship. In the everyday work of the Senate, when no great party interest was at .stake, his differ- ences with his associates were never along party lines. At such times his intelligent insight into and broad treatment of public questions commanded the approval alike of his Republican and Democratic colleagues. No man ever had a seat in this Chamber who more jealou.sl)- guarded the rights and prerogatives of the Senate or who had a higher admiration for its history and traditions than the late Senator from Maryland. Coming here as a page in 1852, very much the larger portion of his mature life was .spent within these walls. He knew personally ino.st of the great men who have been actix'e in public life for half a centur>-. Under such circumstances it is not strange that Senator Gorman's affection for the Senate should have been uiuisually deep and constant. The rules and practices affecting debate and controlling the Addrrss of Mr. Aldrich, of RItodc /siiuid 23 disposition of business in the Senate are unique in their char- acter and are largelj- obser^^ed and enforced b>- unanimous consent. In tr>ing times these conditions require frequent conferences between those who hold responsible positions with reference to the work of the Senate on both sides of the Chamber. These consultations necessarilj- afford unusual opportmiities for the study of personal characteristics. I believe that all of my Republican associates who have taken an active part in conferences in which vSetiator CtOR1M.\n' appeared as the most important representative of his party will agree with me in placing a very high estimate upon the vSenator's character as a man and as a legislator. His courtesy was unfailing, his knowledge of precedent lULSurpassed, his agreements once made were kept with scrupulous fidelitA-, both in letter and in .spirit. His wisdom, his moderation, his powers of persuasion have been invaluable iu many a threatening emergency in the Senate. My personal relations with Mr. Gorman during all the years of our common .service were of the most friendly char- acter, although we rarely found ourselves in .agreement upon questions which were purely political in their nature. His personality was very attractive to me, and I believe he was incapable of doing a mean or a dishonorable act. He was fearless in the advocacy of measures that met his approval, and in common with men with positive convictions and the courage to act upon them at times he was subjected to severe criticism on the part of those who failed to agree with him. There was nothing of the timeserver or the demagogue in his nature. He .served his countr\- with ability and fidelity, and is fully entitled to be held in grateful memory by his fellow-countrvnieii. ,24 Memorial .Iddrcsscs : .Irthitr P. (inniiaii Address of Mr. Clay, of Georgia Mr. President; In the death of Senator Gorman one of the most remarkable men of our countrj' has passed away. He had an extraordinary career, a career that challenged the admiration of the entire country. No puljlic man was more universally beloved in the .South than Senator Gorman. He had been the steadfa.st friend of the people of the Sotith in the hour of the darkest trial, and we trusted and loved him. Univer- sal sorrow prevailed among our people when his death was an- nounced. We knew we had lost a \-aIuable and faitliful friend. Mr. Gorm.\n took his seat in the Senate March 4, 1S81, and served continuously for eighteen years. His party was de- feated in Maryland in 1898, and he retired from the Senate March 3, 1899. He only remained in prix'ate life a short while. Two years later his party triumphed in Mar>-laiv:l, and he returned to the Senate for a fourth term, receiving practi- cally the tnianimous vote of his part}'. He received the con- gratulations of friends on both .sides of the Chamber, for his colleagues, regardless of part)-, recognized the valualile services he had rendered his countrw I only had a casual acquaintance with vSenator Gorman before I became a member of the Senate. I was introduced to him by Mr. Crisp, who regarded Mr. Gorman as one of the ablest men in public life. Mr. Crisp .said to me that Senator Gorman was a loyal friend, a wise counselor, and a .safe leader. At that time the thought never occurred to nie that I would some day be his colleague in this body. A.ssociation with Mr. Gorman demon,strated to me that Mr. Cri.sp had formed a correct judgment as to the worth of this great man. He was one of the noted men of the Senate. Address of Mr. Clay, of Georgia 25 He began as a page on the floor of the Senate and by the force of his own energ\- and talents lie became the acknowl- edged leader of his party. His career illustrates the possibili- ties of American citizenship. The story of his life, the sncce.ss he achieved, the good he accomplished, will for all time be an inspiration to the )-ouug men of the country. Almost for a quarter of a century his name was intimately associated with the legislative history of the country. On the floor of the Senate he was an attractive figure ; he never spoke to empty benches ; his speeches were short, pointed, forcible, and convincing. He never talked unless he had something to .say. He mastered his subject before he entered the arena of debate. I became a member of the Senate in March, 1S97, and con- sequenth- served with Senator Gorm.\n in the Senate only five years. During this time he frequently participated in the debates and was one of the most attractive .speakers on the floor of the Senate. The Congressional Record will show that during his entire Senatorial career he participated in the debates of the Senate on many subjects, including the tariff of 1 883-1 8SS and 1890, 1893, and 1897; interstate commerce ; Chinese immigration ; the public printing; the Canadian fisheries; the building of the Navy ; the Canadian and domestic trausportatiou traffic ; the Treasury surplus ; and, in fact, nearly every question of importance that came before Congress. When he spoke Senators from both sides of the Chamber would ha.sten to their seats, and he would invariably have a full and attentive audience with him, to stay until he had finished. Xo Senator spoke to larger audiences than did Senator Gokm.vn. 26 Mciiiorial .\ddr(sscs : Arf/iiir P. (ioniiaii W}ieii we study his public life and appreciate the high order of his talents we can easily understaud the influence he exerted over others. He was a mau of convictions, sought diligentlv to form correct conclusions, and was thoroughly in earnest in debate. He convinced his hearers that he was right and easily carried them with him. He used no surplus words ; he spoke briefly, but pointedly, and when he was through there was little to be said on his side of the subject. The Democratic party has succeeded in onl>- two national campaigns .since the civil war. Grover Cleveland was elected President of the ITnited States in 1S84 and was the first Demo- cratic President to take the reins of Government since Mr. Buchanan retired from the Presidential office. So conspicuous and \-ahiable was the part taken by Mr. GoRM.\N in the national campaign of 1884, it was Ijut natural to expect that he would be a powerful factor in shaping the policy of the new Administration. As chairman of the national executive conunittee, he was the guiding hand of that remarkable campaign. His party gave due credit to him and attributed the success achieved to his skillful and faultless management. Such public men as Manning, Bayard, Garland, and I^aniar recognized that Mr. Gorman's services in behalf of his party made him the proper person to lead the Administration forces on the floor of the Senate. In fact, the whole country knew that he was the guiding hand that had once more placed Democracy in power. Mr. Gorji.xx was the recipient of ovations wherever he went at the close of that campaign. It is but just to .say at this time that Mr. Cleveland appreci- ated the \-aluable .services the Maryland Senator had rendered in securing his triumphant election, and he enjoyed the confi- dence and friendship of Mr. Cleveland diu'ing his first term in office. Address of Mr. Clay, of Grorq-ia 27 He was a conspicuous factor in the campaign when Mr. Cleveland was elected the second time. In Mr. Cleveland's last Admini-stration the public soon learned that Mr. Gorman's influence had greatly suffered with the President. Due regard for the truth compels me to say that we have unmistakable evidence that the President would not listen to the advice and counsel of Mr. GoRMAX during his last Administration. When the truth of history is written the embarrassments and subse- quent overthrow of the Democratic jiarty will be largely attributed to the want of party harmony. Mr. GoRM.vx was entitled to the respect and confidence of the President; he had always been loyal, and had rendered conspicuous service to his party, and his counsel and advice were constantly needed to bring together and harmonize the different elements of the Democratic party to the support of the Administration. At that time there were many antagonistic elements in the party, and Mr. Gorm.an possessed the happy faculty oi adjusting differences and felt anxiety about the future harmony of his party. His counsel and advice, however, did not prevail, and disastrous results followed. I have always believed that if the wise and conser\'ative polic}- advocated by Mr. Gorman had prevailed the different ele- ments in the Democratic party could have been kept together and the party would have been greatly strengthened for future usefulness. Mr. Gorman recognized that two great political parties, eacli contesting for supremacy, were necessary for the preservation of our institutions. Two great political parties, evenly balanced, debating great issues, scrutinizing closely the conduct of each other, insures to the people clean, honest, good government. The po.sitiou of chairman of the minority- conference in the Senate is one of honor and responsibility. The chairman pre- 28 Mniiorial .Iddrcsscs : . \itliur P. (^oniiaii sides over llie ininoritN' ccjiiference and is a recognized leader of the niinority. Mr. (jOKMAN was unanimously chosen for this position in 1889. 1 hold in my hand a clipping from a reputable news- paper, giving an account of his election and valuable services as a leader of the niinority, including a statement of thu brilliant and successful fight lie made against the force bill, which I insert as part of my remarks. I have been assured by his a.ssociates in this Chamber still living of the correctness of this statement of his connection with this jiarliamentary struggle. I do not insert it to revive the unpleasant memories growing out of that contest, but to show the e.stimate placed upon the ser\^ices of the distinguished dead in defeating this legislation. The article in.serted is as follows: Upon the death of Mr. Beck, of Kentucky, in 1S89, Mr. Gorman was promptly and unanimously chosen for the position by his Democratic colleagues. The accession of Mr. Gorman to the post of active minority leadership was the more gladl)' hailed bj' Democratic Senators for the reason thai, at the very time of his election, the odious "force bill," which was a source of so much anxiety and fearful apprehension on the part of the .southern Democrats, had pa.ssed the House under Speaker Reed's dictatorship and was hanging like a cloud over the deliberations of the Senate, in which the Republicans had a clear majority of eleven votes. In this great emer- gency the Democratic minoritj' placed especial reliance upon their resource- ful leader, whose mettle had already been tried and whose skill as a par- liamentarian was recognized on both sides of the Chamber. The Republicans introduced two distinctive party measures into the I'"ifty-first Congress— the McKinley tariff bill and the Lodge election law, commonly known as the "force bill." Both had, at the .start, the solid support of their party organization, and both were put through the Hou.se under the "Reed rules," at the first session, vvilhoul the formality of ilebate or deliberate consideration. The McKinley bill also passed the .Senate near the end of the fir.st session, on September 10, 1890, after a pro- tracted debate, in which Mr. Gorm.\n took an active and strongly antag- onistic position. It pa.ssed by a strict party vote, having eleven majority. Its companion measure, the force bill, was allowed to go over to the .second Address of Mr. C/ny. of Ccon^ia 29 session, because the Democrats threatened to fight it to the bitter end, and the Republicans were compelled to take a recess for the fall campaign. When the second session came together, in December, 1890, the Re- publicans of the Senate received a renewed partisan impulse to stand together and drive it through as a part}- measure from two sources first, from the unfavorable trend shown by the fall elections, and, second, by a vigorous advocacy of its early passage in the message of President Harri- son. Accordingh- the measure was taken up on the first day of the ses- sion, all other things being put aside, and pressed with all the energy and parliamentary .skill known to the skillful parliamentarians of the majority of the Senate. The McKinley bill had received eleven majority a few months earlier, an' any occupant of the Presidential chair. Mr. Gorman would have made an admirable President. His career is closed, but was one of the most remarkable in the hi.story of our country. The young men of the Republic can be taught to study his history, follow his coun.sel, and the world is better by reason of his public life. When we read the story of his life we are not surprised at the success he achieved. He was a self-made man; he began life without money. He came from a modest home, where love of neighbors and love of country was inculcated and where self-reliance was taught. In early life he knew the value of industry. He acted on the maxim that nothing was impossible to industry-. He was kind, generous, unselfish, with a heart full of sympathy for humanity. To my certain knowledge he helped the weak and lowly in their efforts to be strong. The good he accomplished will for all time be an in.spiration for the young men of the country. They will read his hi.story and follow in the footpaths blazed out by this illustrious son of the Republic. The influence of the good never dies. I am sure that this generation and all generations to come will be better, stronger, wiser, and happier by rea.soii of his life. We teach our .sons to study the characters of the great Roman 32 Memorial Addresses: Arlliiir /'. C,orina)i senators, to practice their virtues, and we are the recipients of untold blessings from those who have been dead for more than a thousand years. I wish to give to his memory oul)' just praise, for I am sure if he could have a voice as to the character of these exercises he would not countenance false praise. While not a college graduate, he was a student, a hard worker, and kept thoroughly posted on the current business of the Senate. His conceptions were quick and remarkably accu- rate; his judgment was good of both men and measures. Few men ha\-e been found with such a rare combination of faculties and powers as he possessed. Though frequently most bitterly assailed, his entire public career was pure, honest, fearless, and patriotic. All great men at some period in their career have been mis- understood, .slandered, and maligned. Washington, Jefferson, Cla^-, Webster, Calhoun, Jackson, and Blaine were the subjects of most bitter attacks, but hi.story has done each justice. Passion and prejudice die, and truth and justice triumph. When the historian .shall record the truth of Senator Gor- man's life, this story will be both interesting and instructi\-e. Let the truth be told and the story will show a life devoted to toil, devotion to dutj-, and honest and faithful in all the rela- tions of life. This .story will show that he was a man of con- victions, and that he battled fearlessly and unrelentingly to accomplish his purposes; that he was not only a man of ability, but of integrity and high courage; that he was a man who loved the whole country and bore no malice in his heart toward anyone. This storj-, truthfnll\- and iinpartiall_\- related, will .show that he fought openly and manfully for what he believed to be right, and that he fought for those things which he firmly believed would advance the best interests of his country. Address of Mr. Clay, of Georgia 33 When I first km-w liim the relations l)et\veeii lis were not so cordial; we did not know and understand each other. The more I knew of him the better I liked him. When he died, we were warm, sincere, and devoted friends. He was a Senator with long ser\'ice and was heliiful to nie in the discharge of m\" duties. I express my sincere convictions when I say he was a pure, honest, and fearless patriot. I hon- ored, respected, and lo\-ed Senator Gormax. In his death we ha\-e lost a most illustrious member, a wise and .safe leader, an al)le statesman, and an accomplished gentleman. Senator Gokiiax attained his high distinction in the service and counsels of his country by the practice of those cardinal virtues which constitute the road to elevation and fame. History teaches us that from the first .settlement of Mary- land she never authorized a .single act of intolerance again.st any denomination of Christians. Maryland established the practice of Chri.stian toleration in the new hemisphere and laid the great work for the complete superstructure, which was afterwards reared by the hands of Jefferson and his illustrious colaborers, of the cause of truth. Mr. Bancroft tells us she was the first to g'i\'e religious lib- erty a home, its only home in the wide world, where the dis- franchised friends of prelacy from Massachusetts and the Puritans from Virginia were welcome to equal liberty of con- science and political rights: The first of every land in all the world Where love of God, in peace, each creed defined, And freedom of the heart was certified By freedom of the mind ; When.- Christian each might worship as he willed. Where temples throning different faiths aro.se. Where bigot and where martyr, side by side, Were shielded from their foes. S. Doc. 404, 59-2 3 34 AfriiiorKr/ Addresses : Artluir P. Conn an It was lanieiitahlf to sec iiicii wlio had fled from the (^Id World to secure tlie enjoyment of civil and religions liberty themselves and their children persecuting their fellow-men for a difference in creed. Maryland taught a better lesson and exemplified her teachings by her practice. The Republic has followed the splendid exain])le taught in the early hi.story of the nation by the .sons of Maryland Senator Gokm.vn began life with correct principles. He firmly exemplified by every act of his life his belief and adher- ence to the principles taught by the founders of his State. The spirit of toleration characterized every act of his life. He believed that every citizen of the Republic was entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of civil and religious lil)ert\'. Mr. President, a great man is gone. His life work is ended. In his private life he was kiml, courteous, generous, and noble. He has fulfilled his mission and done his work well. It can be truly said that he manfully discharged every pri- vate and public obligation of life. His hi.stor}' shows us much to admire and to emulate. He has made a record of whicli we all may be proud. He has set an example that all of us who survive him may well follow. In his death his State has lost one of her most illu.strious .sons and the couutr)' one of its ablest and purest statesmen. Address of Mr. Hale, of Maine 35 Address of Mr. Hale, of Maine Mr. President: The late vSeiiator from Maryland and I came to the Senate at the same time, standing at the desk together where we were sworn in on the 4th day of March, 1S81, the opening day of the Forty-seventh Congress. Mr. GoRM.\x before that had no Congressional service, but was prominent in his party and was accounted as it.s leader in the State of Maryland. He had acquired legislative experience by service in both branches of the Maryland legislature; was prominent in large busine.ss enterprises in the State, and so, both hy natural ability and by experience, was amph- qualified to render important service in this body. It was my good fortune to be placed with him on important conunittees and to become closely acquainted with him in a personal intercourse which developed a friendship upon which I have always set great value and to which I contributed a .sincere regard, founded upon the deepest respect. I do not recall a .single instance where this friendship, though Mr. GoRStAX and I had many .sharp conflicts upon this floor, wa.s ever strained or interrupted. The fine character and great services of the late Senator have been so well portrayed by the eloquent Senator from Maryland who pre.sents the resolutions, and by other vSeuator.s who liad long .service with him, that in what I am to sa\- briefly I shall cciufiue myself to the consideration of Mr. Gok.'wax'.s service in the Senate as a great legislator. He could make .speeches, alwa\'s good and never long. He could maintain the organization of his party on this floor, where he was its acknowledged leader. His eye was quick in 36 Moiiovial Addresses: .Irtluir /'. Crorman disceniing any weakness in the action of his o])poncnls when purely pohtical measures were up for (Uscussion and action. He was wary and a master of expedient and device aud was sleepless in exercising the mastery that was acceded to him in the councils of his party, both here and elsewhere. But beyond these things, Mr. President — and I should .say greater than all these things in estimating Mr. Gokjian's public service — was his prominence as a great legislator and in shaping general legi.slation . He gave the be.st part of his time to this field of duty. It is not .so picturesque a field, Mr. President, as some others. Its product and its results do not so often occupy the newspapers or arouse immediate pulilic interest, but the grave and thoughtful temperament of Mr. GoRaiAN, his .self-poise, and his sedateness all suited with that work here which is formulated and Avorked out and at last crystallized into what I may call good legislation. Into this domain Mr. Gorjian never intruded mere party politics. He acted with unwavering fidelity with either Democrat or Repub- lican who sought to put upon the statute book subjects of legislation for the benefit of all the people. Neither upon this floor nor in conmiittee room in this work did. Mr. Gorman subordinate the public interest to party preference or advantage. He not only contributed to the work of a good legislator \i\ his quiet, effective work in com- mittee, but in hundreds of instances on this floor he was able to .show, by his great facility as a debater, how important he counted the public good aud how earnest was his desire to contribute to it. It will be a long day, Mr. President, before the superior of the late Senator from Maryland, in this regard, will be found upon this floor upon either side of the Chamber. Mr. President, the .service here of an old Senator, although Address of Mr. Hal(\ of Maine 37 in the highest degree honorable and sought by lis all, is not easy nor always comfortable and, perhaps I may say, not always enjoyable. It is beset with added labor and responsi- bility, and the necessit}', at times, for independence of thought and action, and a fearlessness, which may not always be upon the right side and certainly is not infrequently upon the un- popular side. And, added to all this, is the saddening feature, in an older Senator's career, of .seeing his friends and associates drop away in the march of time, until at last he stands com- paratively alone. When a Senator like Mr. Gorman is called from duty in this body, b}- a summons which no man can resist, he is mi.ssed and mourned b}' all, but !)>■ none so keenly as the men with whom he has been longest as.sociated. There are to-day, Mr. Pre.sident, but two Senators on this floor who had seats here when Mr. Gorman and I entered the Senate and who have held continuous ser\-ice ever since — the distinguished vSenator from Iowa, Mr. Allison, and the distinguished Senator from Alabama, Mr. Morgan. Senator Teller's service was interrupted by his Cabinet service in Presi- dent Arthur's Administration. All the rest have fallen out by the way. They make their loss felt not by any proclama- tion or outward show Init in that intangible wa}' that sinks the deepest into the human heart. We realize the missed foot- -step, the clear voice on this floor silent, the calm face at the committee table absent, and all this we feel and we know in the death of the late .Senator from Maryland. We miss all his great qualities. We shall miss his active participation in debate, his guiding hand in legislation, and his prominence in the battles fought on this floor. Let tis hope and believe chat from the.se he has passed "to where, beyond these voices, there is peace." 3^ .\fii)iorial .Idi/rcssfs: Arlliur I'. (Gorman Address of Mr. Culloh, of Illinois Mr. Pkksidknt: The remarks that I shall make will be very brief, but I did not feel that I could afford to miss the opportunity of saying a few words upon this occasion. We have to-day laid aside the ordinary busine.ss of the Senate that we may pay our tribute to the memory of a loved and respected colleague, Arthur Pue Gorman, late a Senator from Maryland, who for many years was one of the most prominent members of this bod>'. vSenator Gokmax had a remarkable public career. Without the advantages of a great family name, without wealth, with a limited education, through his own exertions alone, he ro.se from an humble employee of this vSenate to the position of one of its members and a leader of his party second to none in my term of service. He was educated in that greatest of all schools, the school of experience. And in his case what a school it was. He was in the .service of the Senate during the most important and vital epoch in our history. In his early life he was familiar with tho.se intellectual giants who were .Senators during the stirring period preceding the civil war, during the civil war, followed by the days of reconstrtiction, when our destiny hung in the balance and when the nation, after a bapli.sm of blood and fire, was made anew. Douglas, Seward, Hamlin, Jefferson Davis, Benjamin, Toombs, Houston, Cass, Wade, Sumner, Trumbull, Fessenden, Grimes, and many other of the mcst noted men in all our history were here as vSenators during his early life. He was a protege, friend, and follower of that illustrious Illinoi.san, .Stephen A. Douglas, than whon: there was no abler statesman and Seuator of his daw Address of Mr. Citlloni, of Illiiiois 39 Senator Gorman might be said to have been born a Douglas Democrat. His father was one of Douglas's greatest admirers, and followed his leader, like so many thousands of patriotic Douglas Democrats, in remaining true to the Union. As a State legislator, as a leader of his party in Maryland, Senator Gorman early exhibited those qualities which later gave him so much prominence here. He was little known out- side of his State until his election to the Senate in 1880, and the attention of the country was not much attracted to him until four years later, when he conducted the national Demo- cratic campaign of that year, and when, for the first time in twent>-eight years, the national Democratic party was success- ful and Grover Cleveland was elected President. As national chairman he showed himself to be a splendid political organizer. In his conduct of the campaign no niis- take.s were made, and he was entitled to much of the credit for the election of a comparatively luiknown local politician of New York against one of the most brilliant and popular statesmen .since the days of Henry Clay — James G. Blaine. I have always felt that Mr. Blaine owed his defeat to two causes — first, the far superior organization and conduct of Mr. Cleveland's campaign under direction of Mr. Gorm.\x; and, second, to the mistakes and mismanagement of Mr. Blaine's campaign. Senator Gorman soon succeeded to the leadership of his party in the Senate. There were others older in years and service, but the leadership seemed to naturally fall to him. He was the real leader in fact as well as in name, and con- tinued as such so long as he remained in the Senate. He was not a specially brilliant speaker, but he was a clear and forceful talker and an able and dangerous antagonist in debate. 40 Miiiioria/ .Ir/drcsscs: .{rlliiir P. (^lorman His chaniiiiij,^ ])i;rs()nalit\-, his sna\-ity of maimer, his mag- netic influence over men with whom lie came in contact, combined with his marked ahihtv, made it easy for him to retain the difficnU position of a leader of one of the great parties in this body, .Some one said of him that his ?>mile was as winsome as ever wooed a vote out of a man's con- science. He enjoyed in the highe.st degree the respect and confidence of every Senator with whom he served on both sides of the Chamber. Many vSenators here very well remember the long and suc- cessful fight, echoed and reechoed in every journal of the United States, which Mr. Gorman led, and which resulted iu the defeat of the bill know^n as the "force bill." As much as Senators on this side regretted the defeat of that bill, we were all forced to admire Mr. Gokm.vx's generalship in defeating it. I had the pleasure of knowing Senator Ook.m.v.x intimately for more than twenty years, and what I .say of him I .saj- from m\' own personal accjuaintance and obser\-ation. He was a member of this body when I entered it in 1S83. He was among the first to take a deej) interest in the regulation of interstate commerce, and from the first to the last he favored the rigid regulation of railroads. The late Senators Piatt of Connecticut and Harris of Teii- nes.see, ex-Senator Miller of New York, Senator Gorm.\.\, and myself constituted the Select Committee on Interstate Com- merce which made a thorough in\-estigation of the subject in i.S,S6. vSenator (iOkm.vn took a prominent part in the inve.s- tigation and in the preparation of the original interstate- commerce act, pa.s.sed in 1887. We traveled over various parts of the cotintry, and held hearings in our larger cities. I will be jiardoned for relating a little incident that took Address of Mr. Cullom, of Illinois 41 place when the committee was in Xew York, on a Sunday. It so liappened that there were three ex-Presidents of tlie United States in New York at that time — ex-Presidents Grant, Hayes, and Arthur — and we determined to call upon them before leaving the city. We called on President (Vrant first. It .seemed strange that Senator Gokji.\x had never actualh' met General Grant until then. I had the pleasure of intro- ducing them, and I remember very well that General Grant seemed ver\- much pleased to meet Senator GoRjr.^x, who had become a national figure, and manifested great interest in him. The greatest general of the age was then in a practically dying condition, although he was seated in a chair, .surrounded by his books and papers, trying to finish Iiis famous book in order to leave something to support his wife and family. The General knew that he could live but a short time, and, quite characteristically of him, he .seemed to take it calmly and philo- sophically. He said that his book was finished; that if he could live a little longer — until September, I think he said — he could perfect and improve it, but that he was ready to go at any time. He passed away in a little more than three weeks after we saw him. For a number of years Senator Gok.ai.\x was a member of the Committee on Appropriations. Senators on that commit- tee who served with him will agree that a more valuable and useful member that committee has never had. He was mas- ter of all the countless details of the expenditures of the Goverimient. Senator Gorm.-vx was a business man, and was thoroughly familiar with the tariff. Senators well remember the promi- nent part which he took in the discussion and passage of the bill known as the •'Wilson-Gorman bill." It left the Senate with nearly 700 amendments. He was not a believer in free 42 Mc>i/(>riii/ . Ii/i/ri'ssr.\ : Arlhiir /'. (idriiniii track-, but lie ilid licliexe in a low tariff. The tariff is a ques- tion that not onl\' divides the two >jreat parties, Init has often caused divisions within both ])arties. There have been end- less di.scussions over the Wilson tariff act. Personally I have always believed that it was due to vSeuator CjORM.vn that a nuich more injurious act to the industries of the countr)- was not enacted. Mr. fiORjiAx'.s two leading characteristics were, first, his marked aliility as a leader; and second, his conservatism as a statesman and legislator. I desire, Mr. President, to enforce those two prominent facts in his character. First, he was a born leader; and second, he was a con.servative legislator and statesman. He was a Democrat, liut was a conservative one. He did not believe in radical measures. When a great par- ti.san question, such as the force bill, was before the Senate he stood loyall}- with his party, but he did not believe in dragging parti.sanship into questions generally coming before Congress. He looked at public questions from the standpoint of a careful, conservati\-e business man, and was generalh- against an\- meastires that in his judgment would disturb the business of the coinitry or endanger the stability of the Ciov- ernment. He was es.sentially a .safe and able legislator. .Senator Gokim.^n was a Democrat inider all circumstances and conditions. He remained true to his part>- and fought its battles, even though in later years it adopted ])rinciples with which he was not in sympathy. If he could not lead it, he fol- lowed it. He did not sjmpathi/.e with the free-silver doctrine, but on that account he did not abandon the parl>', but went down with it in defeat. The free-silver platform cost him his seat in the Senate, as the Republicans on that issue gained ascendency in Mar>land. Jf this was the greatest defeat of his life, his greatest Address of Mr. Ciillovi, of Illinois 43 triumph was wlicii five years later lie carried the State and legislature and was unanimously and triumphantly returned to his seat in the Senate, where he was welcomed b}- his friends and colleagues of both jiarties, and in recoujnition of his supe- rior ([ualifications was again made the minority leader. Mr. Gorman has been sneered at by the reformers as being a politician. He was a politician, Mr. President. Had it not been for his ability as a politician he would not have been a meniljer uf this distinguished body. He was for \-ears one of the leading politicians of his party. But he was something more. His conduct during his long service in the Senate demonstrated that he was a statesman of no mean order. Every statesman is of necessity a politician, but every politician is not a statesman. The immortal Lincoln was one of the shrewdest politicians of his day, and that was one of the ele- ments of his strength. It added instead of detracting from his other great and noble qualities. It is no discredit to a man in jniblic life to be called a politician, because every successful man in public life is a politician. From the time that Mr. GORMANbecame prominent in national affairs until his death it was believed that he was ambitious to bec(jme President of the I'nited States. At one time he could have been the nominee of his party. Ambitions he certainly was, but whether it was the possible fear of defeat, as claimed b\- his enemies, or a disinclination to assume the responsibilities of the great office of President that seemed to make him hesitate rather than actualh' seek it, I do not know. My acquaintance with and observation of him lead me to the conclusion that, unlike most of our prominent statesmen of to-day, he did not care sufficientlj' for the office to actually .seek it. If he had retained his health, he would ha\-e retained all of his old influence with his i)arty, both in :uul out of the Senate, 44 Miuiorial Addresses : Arthur P. (joriiiaii Imt in his life — he had Hved years where others had h\-ed months — his once vitjorons constitution became undermined, and in the language of a British statesman, pronouucing a eulogy over Prince Albert, "came the blind fury with the abhorred shears and slit the thin-spun life." Senator Gorman passed away, as I believe he would have wished, one of the most honored and respected members of this body, in whose service the younger sears of his life were spent. Address of Mr. Blac/chiirii, of Kiiitucky 45 Address of Mr. Blaocburn, of KENTuaY Mr. President: After listening to the tributes that have been paid to the dead Senator from Marjland — that which has been pronounced in his own matchless fashion by his eloquent colleague, the senior Senator from that State, and the others, exceptionally elaborate and finished and just — it would seem that there was little, if indeed anything, to be said. But I can not gain my own consent to allow this occasion to pass without bearing my poor tribute to the memory of the dead Senator. My acquaintance with him was too long, mj' association with him too close, my estimate of him was too high, and my affec- tion for him too sincere for me to obser\-e silence. Sir, we may well pause at the grave and ponder on the life of a man who was big enough and strong enough to pla}- the part of a conceded leader of his fellows and leave an imperish- able impression upon the days and times in which he lived. It may be true, sir, and I doubt not as a rule it is true, that men are mainly in |X)int of their career the product of two forces — heredity and environment. I doubt not it is true tliat select where you maj' as a general rule there is little left in a man's career save the product of one or both of these forces. But occasionalh- we meet with a man who is taken out of that general rule, who is posses.sed of an inherent sturdiness of char- acter, of an ability, of a persistency, and of those intellectual and moral qualities that make him the e.vception to the rule. Such a man was Senator Gokm.\x. He was not the l)enefi- ciary either of heredity or of environment. He came from the bodj- of the great common jieople. with no illustrious lineage behind him, with neither fortune nor fame, nor surroundings 46 M()ii(irial Addrrssrs : .Irllnir /'. (roruian that Wfi'c c()nspirii()iisl\- fdrtiinate. He beg^iii ^it tlie bottcjni; he (.-lulcd his Hfe at the to]), measured by any crucial standard tliat you may see fit to a]iply. His career was too long and it was too thoroughly crowded and sttulded with achievements of no ordinary character to permit of anything like a comjslete review on an occasion like this. I would not seek, friend as I was to him, I would not ask, nay, .sir, I would not have said of him to-day one single syllable of panegyric or unde.served eulogium. I would not measure out even to the dead, however close the\' may have been in life, aught except a fair, full measure of justice. His colleague, in that splendid bur.st of eloquence with which he paid his tribute to the dead .statesman, has told you that a man of po.sitive character as was Mr. Gorm.\i\, naturall\-, ine\-itably gathered about him hosts of friends, but with equal nece.s.sity created numberless opponents. It is to-day one pur- po.se, and only one purpose, that prompts me to .speak, and that is to prote.st against the inju.stice to which he was subjected on one memorable occasion in his life where he was made the v-ictim of unfair criticism, where, because of the conspicuous position that he held and the unquestioned power that he wielded, it was sought by others who deserved it more to fasten upon him responsibilities that were not his own. I refer to a memoralde occasion in the political historv of our country, fresh in the minds of many Senators who sit about me, when party representation in this Chamber was measured liy so narrow a majority that a .single vote was sufficient to tip the balance and determine the complexion of its legislation. When the tariff bill came from the house, the bill known as • the "Wilson bill," which was to supersede the McKinley measure, Mr. Gorm.\n' was indeed a potential factor in this Chamber. His action upon that occasion, hiscour.se in counec- Adcfj'css of Mr. Blackburn^ of Kciiltickv 47 tioii with that important measure, have been made the occasion of tinfair censure and unmerited criticism. That bill, Mr. President, whilst it might have been, and by many was believed to be, a decided improvement upon the tax- ing mea.sure that it supplanted, failed, as is known of all men, to meet the expectations of the country or the reasonable demands made bj^ Mr. Gorm.\x's party. For that failure, and the failure is confessed and conceded, it was sought to fasten upon the Maryland Senator a decree of responsibility which did not honestly belong to him; and here, in order to vindicate the truth of history, I enter an earnest and solemn protest against that injustice surviving after he has gone. Other men of his party, then higher in .station and in power than he was, who sought to relieve themselves of criti- ci.sm by uiidertakin,g to fasten upon him a burden that did not belong to him, should answer at the bar of history instead of the dead Marylander. The records of this Congress show, the Congressional Record, in its imperishable pages, will bear out the declaration, that when summoned to testify as witne.s.ses upon this floor his cola- borers upon the Senate Connnittee on Finance, mo.st of them now dead, as is the Maryland Senator — \'oorhees, of Indiana, the chairman of that committee; Harris, of Tennessee; \"est, of Missouri; and Jones of Arkansas — bore willing witness to the fact that there never was a modification made in that measure, there never was a .step taken in its re\asion or remodeling, there never was an alteration proposed or carried into effect by the conference of this side of the Chamber tipon that tax bill which was not unhesitatingly approved and indorsed, pleaded for, and demanded by those higher in authority than Mr. CtORJI.\x or myself, who afterwards saw fit to denounce it and brand it with the brand of perfid_\-. 48 .]fi)iior?a/ .h/i/rrssrs : Artliiir /'. (ioriiian I protest here, in justice to the dead, that the res]K)iisiljihties in that case did not l)elong to the man whose menior}' to-day we honor. He liore the unjust accusation patiently. That splendid serenit\' and ]K)ise which has been so happily described by his colleaj^ue did not desert liiin. That was one of the dis- tinguishing characteristics of the man. He was always .serene, always self-poised, and never taken by surprise. In the hour of his triumph and in the hour of his disa.sters and defeats he was always the same .self-containetl, the e\-en-poised, undis- turbed, unshaken man. But if I were to single out one period in his service, one point in all his career, that to my mind was the most creditable and most to be admired, it would be his identification with that important period of (jur countr_\-'s history to which allusion has been made b}- more than one of the Senators who have preceded me, to the part that Gorman bore in the force-bill fight on the floor of the Senate. In ortler to appreciate his conduct and liis bearing and meas- ure fairly the service that he rendered then, it is necessary for those who were not here at the time, as I was, to go back and acquaint them.selves with the conditions that confronted us. The pa.ssions of the war had not entirely subsided. The bit- terness of partisan feeling was running high indeed in these Chambers. The House of Representatives, without debate, had passed a bill which we of the South lielieved doomed that section to all the horrors of a revived car])etbag military gov- ernment. We honesth' believed that ever\' hope and ever\' a.spiration that that great .section of our country cherished was to be blighted, that the wheels of civilization were to be reversed, that we were to be turned back to a darker, a>-e, sir, to the darkest, period which ever marked the histors- of our countrv. Address of Mr. Blackhiirn^ of Koilitcky 49 The House had passed the bill; tlie President had sent mes- sage after message urging the Senate to enact it; a clear majority of Senators upon this floor stood committed to its support whenever a final vote should he called for its passage. There was nothing left between the vSonth and absolute chaos and utter wreck and ruin except what appeared to I)e the helpless and hopeless minority of Democrats upon this side of the Chamber. Passed through the House, indorsed by a majority of Senators upon the floor, who only waited for an opjwrttuiitx to crystallize it into law, the President of the countr\- telling us in special messages that he with itching hand was holding his pen ready to affix his approval and his signatiu'e — that was the dark outlook which we confronted. Mr. GoKM.\x, to whom every Democrat turned as by in- stinct as the leader, if one there be left on earth who could save his party and his countr}-, .stood at the head of that pha- lanx (if undaunted, bra\e men interposing themselves for the protection of the South, Never while life lasts can I forget the incidents of that struggle. The days went by but slowl\ and the weeks dragged their weary length along, whilst with- out adjournment, night and day, that small band was on dut>' and its unswerx'ing, brave, devoted commander was on deck. I \'enture to assert that in all the tide of time >ou will .search in vain among the records of the Engli.sh-,speaking peo- ples of this world to find a parallel to the splendid generalship, the resources, the matchless courage, the luiquestioning devo- tion, and the lirilliant commandersliip that Gorii.vn manifested upon that occa.sion. A forlorn hope, of course, he led: battle- ments, impregnable, he could not scale, Init he accomplished his purijose. He saved the South, and in m\- judgment he .saved the North as well, when by a flank mo\'ement he side- tracked the force bill and liuried it in a grave to which it S. r)oc. 404. 59-2 4 50 Memorial .{ddnssrs : Arthur P. (roru/aii should ha\-e l)eeii doomed upon its birth. The most splendid parliamentary battle of which history ojives us record was the one that was fought and the one that was won 1)\- the Maryland leader. Speaking in the light of a service in Congress not especially .short, I frankly avow and without hesitation declare that I have never come in contact with a man in public life since first 1 entered the council chambers of my country who had in so great a degree all the properties and qualities that go to consti- tute a leader of men. I have never known either his superior or his e(-|ual. I do not care to say more, Mr. President, but I deem it proper, in order that ju.stice complete and full shall be done to him and his memory, to ask that I maj' insert in the Record of to-day's proceedings the resolution pas.sed unanimously by the caucus of the Democratic party of the Senate on the occasion of his death. The \'ice-Pre.sidknt. In the absence of objection, permis- .sion is granted. The resolution referred to is as follows: Tile Democratic Senators at tlieir first meeting in conference suljsequent to the death of their former honored and loved chairman, the late Senator GoRM.\N, obey their unaffected inipul.se in the expres.sion of their pro- found .sorrow for his loss to them as their personal friend and their .saga- cious, faithful political guide in their official relations. .\ faithful friend, a zealous and wise party leader, considerate and con- ciliatory and careful of the interests of all, he greatly endeared himself to his party a.s.sociates, bv whom his nicmory will ever be most fondly chcrisheil. Address oj Mr. Fryc\ of Maine 51 Address of Mr. Frye, of Maine Mr. President: I shall pay my tribute to the nieniory of the late Senator Gorjian in a \'ery few words, but sincere. Duriii"- all the \-ears we were a.ssociatecl together in this Chamber we were close personal friends. All the while we had a continuing pair, under the terms of which either was to vote whenever he pleased, each confident that the other would pro- tect him whenever a political question was under considera- tion. It is not nece.s.sary for me to say that that confidence was never betrayed. I liad for him a warm affection and ardent admiration, and I am proud to believe that the affection was reciprocated. Prompted by that friend.ship I was interested in and observ- ant of Mr. Gorm.\n's remarkable public career. He was mo.st bitterly assailed as an un.scrupulous politician, ready at any time to avail him.self of any means to secure the ends he sought. I have failed, .sir, utterh' to find any justification whatever for that charge. He was a politician — adroit, alert, full of resource. Possibly he was a partisan. If he was, I admire and do not censure. I have little faith in a man connected with a political party, who reall>' and honestly believes in its principles, who is not ready at all times to defend and maintain them. That Mr. Gorjiax would avail him.self of every opportunity he honorably could to strengthen his party I have no doubt. I recall a .somewhat .spectacular illustration of that. I was present at the Republican ministerial meeting at the Fifth Avenue Hotel in New York when it was declared that the .strength of the Democratic party was rum, Romani.sm, and rebellion. Mr. GORM.\N was chairman of the Democratic national committee. 52 Mi-iiiorial .lddrrss<'s : . Irthiir P. (idriiiinii lie saw that op])ortiuiit\- ; he ])r<)inptly a\'aile(l himself of it, and in a few hours thai wretclied dechiratioii was scattered broadcast all over this comitrj-. It was a most weighty contri- bution. Mr. Blaine was defeated, Mr. Cleveland elected, and Senator Gok.max did it. Mr. President, Senator (ioRMAX was a Democrat and an earnest one, and a thorough ])olitician, but when duty to his country demanded he gave to his country regardle.ss of his part)-. When the civil war broke out, he was a resident of the State of Mar}-land. In the face of party and of most powerful ■ social influences, he was a loyal and devoted friend to the cau.se of the T'nion, utterly regardless of the effect it might have upon his fortunes in tliat State. Mr. Gorman was the recognized leader on the Democratic side for many >ears. It was a jiosition of great jiower. I never _\-et heard an>- Republican Senator charge him with an exercise of that power unfair or dishonorable. Mr. GoKJi.AX was a thoroughly equipped business man. As such, his services here were of great value. When in liis judg- ment the best business interests of his country demanded, he left party or disreganled ])arty demands, as the records of this Chamber show. His private life was without rei>ro;ich. He had no vices, no liail habits. He was a man pure in thought and act. It was my good fortune to be an occasional vi.sitor at his home in Maryland. It was an iileal liome, with an ideal head. He was a tender, loyal, devoted hu.sband, and an affectionate, indulgent father. Mr. President, in Senator Gorman's death the Senate, his State, our country suffered a most serious loss, and that ideal home is desolate indeed. Address of Mr. OicrDiaii. of Xortli Carolina 53 Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina Mr. Pkesidknt: Fi\-e times in tlie four shorl years in which I lia\-e been a meinher of tliis l)od\' we have lieeii called upon to paj- the last tribute to the memory of five of its most distiiifjuished members. .Six times in that short period the chillinsj- hand of death has cast a dark shadow over this Cham- ber and the pale hor.se has entered its portal whence its mvs- terious rider has borne the.se great men away on the long journey to the mysterious beyond, a journey which the humble and the great, the rich and the poor, all alike, .sooner or later must take. As they depart we are reminded that man's davs upon earth are but "few and full of trouble," and that his glory is, like the flower of the field, .soon to fade and wither. While others who were long associated with him and who Were more intimate with him have recounted his virtues, have reviewed the splendid career of Senator Gor.m.\n, who.se departure we .so grievously lament, I, as one of the \ounger Senators, ari.se simply to drop a tear, to add one flower to the chaplet, and to give expres.sion of my sorrow at his sad tak- ing off. Mr. President, four years ago on the 4th of March next I entered this Chamber to take the oath of office and enter upon the discharge of my duties as a Senator of the United States. Mr. GoRMAX, having been an honored Member for some eighteen years, had been retired. Ftnir \-ears later he was returning again in great triumph, again to take on the Sena- torial toga, and to be the leader of his great party upon the floor. He was sworn in on that .same da\-. This was the first time I had ever met and become ])er.>onally acquainted with 54 Moiiorial .Iddicsses : Artliiir P. (roriiiaii him, and I shall iie\-cr forgL-t the warm, cordial grasp of the hand and the identic courtesv with which he welcomed me, the care with which he instructed me in the mysteries of the Sen- ate, and his words of advice. He seemed to take a kindly interest in me at once and endeavored to make me feel that I was to be no stranj^er here, I attended his funeral and followed his remains to their last resting place in the beautiful Oak Hill Cemetery, in this city. I was deeply impressed, as I think everyone present was, with the simplicity of the funeral. There was no lying in state, no cavalcade, no jiarade, no gathering of the great officers of the Government, no show; only the simple cere- mony held in the parlor of his comfortable but unostentatious home in this city, his .stately coffin surrounded by his bereaved and devoted family and a few of his most intimate friends. A short prayer was offered, a short yet beautiful and touching address by the mini.ster, and it was all over. All of this was at his request, and shows this man's most charming character- istic, that of modesty, which marked him through life and which usualh- marks the great man. Others have spoken of the great ability which so distin- guished his public career. But looking back over these three years from 1903 to June, 1906, when he died, in this sad hour, as we pay loving tribute to his memory, I would recall not only his modest demeanor, but his kind and gentle .spirit, his always ready and resywiLsive sympathy, his freedom from bigotry, his evenness of temper, his forbearance, his charity, his uniform courtesy in conversation and in debate; these were .some of the chief characteristics which made men love him, and the.se, with his great mind, made him not only a leader of the people, but a leader in every legislative body of which he was a member. Senator Gorman made his impress ujjon Address of Mr. Overman, of North Carolina 55 the whole country, and his death was lamented not only !))• the Members of this body, but by the people throughout this broad laud of ours. His seat here will not be easily filled. He was no ordinary man. He began his life work at the age of 13 as a page in this body, having been appointed by Stephen A. Douglas in 1852, in \\hich position he served for twelve j-ears, acting during that time as secretary to Mr. Douglas and as postmaster of the Senate. It was during these 5-ears that the fires of ambition were lighted and began to burn in his 3'oung heart. His asso- ciations with great men inspired him to be great also, and he often dreamed of the time when he .should represent his State in this great body and take the place of .some of the great men whom he so faithfull\- served in his yotnig manhood. In 1866 he returned to his State to fill the important position of collector of internal revenue. His rise was rapid. He soon became a leader, filling many important positions in his native State. He was first a director and afterwards president of the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company. For six years he was a member of the hou.se of delegates, two years of which he served as speaker of that body. For six years also he was a member of the State senate, until in 1S81 he was elected to the United States Senate. Here his ri.se was rapid also. It was but a short time initil he was regarded as one of the leaders of his party, and his advice was sought in everj' great movement for his party's success. He was a master parliamentarian, and it was greatly through his skill and tactics that a minority was able to defeat in the Senate legislation hostile to his section. In 1889 he was made the leader of his party upon the floor of the Senate, leading them through maiiv a storm to victory. But perhaps his greatest triumph, and one for which his party and the South 56 McDiorial Addresses : .Irtlnir I'. CoDiian owe him a lasting del)t of gratitude, and one wliich she will never forget, was his magnificent leadership and the imhle fight he made against the election hill. Under his leadership and directed by his skill the minority achieved a glorious victory and succeeded in defeating thai bill, which even its friends now admit was not only unwise, but which would have proved disastrous to the South and perhaps caused a race war and bloodshed. While Senator CrOKMAX was gentle and kind in his nature, Mr. President, yet he was as courageous as a lion and deter- mined whenever the occasion required. In the exciting da3-s following the election of Grover Cleveland to the Presidency, when the result for days seemed in doubt and the leaders of the opposite party were making claims of \-ictory. Senator (kjK.MAX was at the Democratic headquarters. He was on the watchtower da>' and night guarding his party's interests and infusing courage and determination in its leaders. He knew Mr. Cleveland was elected and was deternnned that the expe- rience of 1876 should not be repeated; that the man elected by the people .should be inaugurated their President. In the last Presidential campaign he was again asked to lead his part\-, but on account of his failing health he was compelled to decline. Thus for 'a quarter of a centur>' his advice and counsel were .sought by the leaders of his party in the nation, while here his associates found him a wise, safe, and .sympa- thetic counsellor. The most .striking illustration of his influence and the e.steem in whiili he was held by his party associates on this floor is the f.ict that, ha\-ing been retired for six years, upt)n his election in 190,1 he was unanimously restored to his old leadership; and I doubt if the annals of the Senate will show a superior in parliamentary tactics. He was alwaxs in his seat, e\er watch- Address of Mr. Oz'crmau^ of Xortlt Carolina 57 fill of liis part>"'s as well as his country's interests, helpful and influential in shaping legislation and policies, sound in judg- ment, quick of perception, well informed upon all great ques- tions affecting the Government. He was not onl\- respected and followed b\- his party associates, Init he always conunanded the admiration of his opponents. His voice is forever still : his labors and sorrows are over ; hut the memory of his good deeds and his public career will live in history. W'e indulge the hope that when the call came to pass over the dark river he was prepared to meet his Pilot face to face. Suiisel aii- long .service with the. Senator from Maryland I was always impre.ssed with the completeness with which he illus- trated the famous Latin maxim " Suaviter in modo, fortiter in re." Gentle in manners, resolute in deed. He was especially courteous and friendly in his dealings with all men. He was warm-hearted to a fault and ever ready to do a favor or an act of kindness. At the same time he was a man of great force and strength of character, ready to fight with all of his might for an)' cau.se in which he enli.sted. He was especially quali- fied for leadership, because of the tact and .skill with which he carried out his plans. He was a diplomati.st of the ver)- highest type, but was always loyal to his convictions. In those qualities which make for good leadership — judgment and a knowledge of human nature — he was especially .strong and carried men along with him almost without their knowing it. I have never seen his superior as a party leader, and, though he made mistakes, as we all do, he was exceptionally free from the weakness which characterizes some men of blaming others for the blunders made. In the history of the politics of his time he will always occupy a prominent place, and few men who have filled the high position of Senator exerted a weightier influence on legis- Address of Mr. Tillman, of South Carolina 59 latioii than did Senator Gorman. His greatest service, cer- tainly one of the greatest achievements of his career, of which mention lias been already made, was the defeat of the force bill: that bitter partisan measure which would have postponed for \ears, if it had not absolutely destroyed, all chance for the happy condition and relation toward each other of the two sec- tions of our great country which now exists. Had that bill passed, sectional hatred would have flamed up into intensity as great or greater than existed at the close of the civil war. and strife and bloodshed would have followed on a scale which can only be conjectured. Its strongest advocates are now content to acknowledge that it was a great mistake to have undertaken to pass such a law. In proportion as this feeling of satisfaction shall grow Senator Gorman's services will stand out in hold relief and more and more entitle him to the admiration and respect of posterity for his great work in that great crisis. There is another incident of his career that had as much or more than any other act of his life to do with making him, for the time being, unpopular with the inithinking masses and causing him to become the object of most bitter and vindictive criticism. I mean the charge, which, though not made in direct words, was unmistakably aimed at him, of being guilty of "party perfid}- and party di.shonor" in regard to the Wilson- Gorman tariff bill. It happens that I can bear personal testi- mony as to one of the most talked-of incidents in connection with that matter, and in discussing his career and contributing in ever so slight a way to a proper understanding of Senator Gorman's public work and statesmanship, I would feel recreant if I omitted to throw such light on this transaction as is in my power to do, and join the Senator from Kentucky [Mr. Black- burn] in protest against injustice to Senator Gorman's memory. In October, 1892, I visited New York on business and 6o Memorial .hhirisscs : Artliur /'. CJoniiriu remained in the city a week or more. I was at that time governor of South Carolina. Naturally I felt a most keen interest in the result of the approaching Presidential election. I visited the Democratic headquarters and had opportuiuty to talk with some of the leading men connected with the conduct of the Democratic campaign. There was intense interest and feeling, in view of the well-known attitude of President Harri- son on the force bill. I lived in a State where the negroes were in the majority' and wdiere we had suffered from negro domination. vSo I felt the deepest concern for the success of the Democratic party, feeling that the election of a Republican President at that juncture, who favored the force bill, would be nothing short of a national calamity. I found there was great acti\-ity at headquarters, and frantic appeals were l)eing made for campaign funds to strengthen the part}' in .several doubtful State.s as well as in certain specified localities in New York State. In the Southern .States then — and, in a large measure, it is still true .so far as that .section is concerned — nione\" exerted ver\' little influence in elections ; but realizing that things were different in the North, after talking with those who had charge (if financing the campaign, I took immediate steps to have the chairman of the Democratic State committee of South Carolina exert himself to the utmost to obtain as much money as possible and forward it to Democratic headquarters. In the conversations which I had with the Democratic leaders it was clearly brought out that the sugar refiners were ready to con- tribute to the Democratic campaign fund if it could be under- stood that the industry would be fo.stered and not destroyed by the Democratic tariff policy, and I received the impre.ssion, which became indelilily fixed on my mind then and remains fixed to this dav, that President Cle\-eland understood the Address ofMr. 'rUliitan^ of Soiilli Carolina 6i situation and was willing to acquiesce in it if we won at the polls. I did not talk with Mr. Cleveland in person on this subject, though I called at his hotel to pay my respects, and I am thoroughly satisfied that the charge of ' ' party perfidy and party dishonor" in the famous Wilson letter was an act of grosse.st wrong and cruelty to Senator Gorman. If Mr. Cleve- land, as I was told, knew of these negotiations and was the beneficiary of such a contribution, it is inconceivable how he could lend his great name and influence toward destroying Senator Gokm.\n's influence and popularity in the way he did. No wonder the Senator from Maryland, in the speech delivered in this body on July 23, 1894, made this indignant denial: As I have said, sir, this is a most extraordinarj- proceeding for a Demo- crat, elected to the highest place in the Government, and fellow-Democrats in another high place, where they have the riglit to speak and legislate generally, to join with the commune in traducing the Senate of the United States, to blacken tlie character of Senators who are as honorable as tliex' are, who are as patriotic as they ever can be, who have done as much to serve their party as men who are now the beneficiaries of your labor and mine, to taunt and jeer at us before the country as the advocates of trusts and as guilty of dishonor and perfidv. When it is remembered that the placing of a dutj' on sugar under the Wilson-Gorman tariff as a substitute for the bounty system of the McKinle\- tariflf was made nece.ssar\- in order to get the votes of the two Louisiana Senators, it was easy to .see that we either had to have no tariff legislation that session or the pledges made before the election had to be carried out. GoRM.\N, honorable man as he was, and party leader in the Senate of the Democrats, redeemed every pledge made b\- the party leaders in New York. There was something pathetic in the indignant words with which he met the charge of "party perfidy and party dishonor," which had been so unjustly hurled at him by President Cleveland. I quote from the same speech of July 23, 1894: The junior Senator from New Jersey [Mr. Smith], the junior Senator from Ohio [Mr. Brice], and myself were then giving our time and our 62 Memorial Addresses: Arlliiir P. (Gorman money and everything that men can give for the success of the i)artv. We conferred with all those distinguished gentlemen. We were not at the conference with the candidate, but had from both sides what had occurred. They wanted to know if the Democratic organization, of which we were a part, put the same construction upon it and would be in favor of that line of procedure thereafter. They said to us frankly, "We want to tell our people the truth. We do not want to press you to give a single fraction of a cent to Louisiana, but we only want to know the truth." At that solemn conclave we all .said, "Yes, it is a dutiable article; it is to be and must be the corner stone by which we will o\erthrow McKinleyism; you shall have it." Mr. President, 1 would have given anything in reason for the interest of my people whom I represent if I could have had free sugar all along the line. I could not have it without violating the rule that I have made for my.self, not to-day, but from the beginning of my career, for a fair revenue duty on all dutiable articles. Hut above all, sir, in all my public career, no man, no living being, has ever charged me with j)erfidy. No soul can say that I ever made a prom- ise about public or private matters that I did not carry it out if I had the power to do it. These two Senators and myself, carrying out our pledge, ha\e stood here and been gibbeted as three men who were in a sugar trust. It is luinecessary to say no Senator on this floor with wuom I am asso- ciated would believe such a thing, but it is due to the man who writes the history that he .shall have the truth of the tran.saction. The effect of these unjti.st and perfidious attacks upon Sen- ator GoRM.\N was to gi\"e Maryland over to the Republican party for the time being and to send Gorm.\n into retirement; but with the indomitable will which always characterized him and a better understanding b)- the people of his State of the real facts in the case, after a period of retirement he was full)' vindicated and returned to the Senate as Maryland's represent- ati\c in this body. It is needless to .say what gratification this afforded his party associates; and I feel it was also a matter for congratulation among his political opponents, for aside from party loyalty, which nuist characterize in a way all of our deal- ings with each other here, the personal bond is l)y far the strongest one in this great body, and men are judged and exert influence in a far greater degree b\- rea.son of their personal Address of ^fr. Tilhiiait, of SontJi Carolina 63 relations and characteristics than from any other cause. His departure from our midst has left a place vacant that few can fill; and those of us who had the privilege of knowing him intimately will always cherish the strongest feeling of admiration for the man as well as for the Senator. Always, Mr. President — * * * He bore without atiuse The grand old name of gentleman. 64 Miiiiorial Addresses : Artlntr /\ GovDinii Address of Mr. Whyte, of Maryland Mr. PKE.siDi:xT: It is a custom honored iu the observance to pay a jnst tribute to a member of the Senate when he has walked the way of nature ' ' and gone hence to be seen no more. The colleagues of the late Senator Gorman have borne testimon\-, in no luicertain language, of the value of his public services in this body during his long tenure of the Senatorial office, and there is nothing left to be added to tlieir estimate of his worth. I recognize, however, my duty, as a Senator from Maryland, to .say a word on this .sad occasion. Silence would be luiju.st to the memory of the dead and false to m\- own sen.se of manhood. M}- first acquaintance with the late Senator occurred in the sunnner of 1871. He was then a young man 32 years of age, full of vigor and acuteness, after service as page and Post- ma.ster of the Senate, and with keen knowledge of public affairs, acquired in the office of collector of internal revenue in the fifth district of Maryland. I was a candidate for the office of governor of Maryland, and promptly discovered in him an astute political leader, and our friendly relations began at that period. He came to the house of delegates for the session of 1872, while I was governor, and was made its speaker. The duties of that positi(3n he discharged with signal ability, and what he had learned in the Senate, in the official position he held between 1862 and iS6g, rendered him able to discharge the functions of the speakership without embarrassment. After the .ses.sion of the legislature he was made president of Address of Mr. Uliyh\ of Afarylniid 65 the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company, in w hioh the Slate had large interests, and for which position I rendered him all the aid in my jiower. Abont the year 1S79, owing purely to political differences, the association in party affairs which had previously existed between us was severed, and our paths in party conferences thereafter ran in different directions; but I can with .satisfaction say at this day that our personal relations were not suspended up to the hour of his decease. On the contrary, whenever we met it was in the social and cordial way of former da3's. His private life was most exemplary, and his devotion to his home and his family won the admiration of his thou.sands of friends in his native State. May he rest in peace! ■ And now, Mr. Pre.sideut, as a further mark of respect, I a.sk that the resolution I send to the de.sk be adopted by the Senate. Tlie \'ice-President. The resolution submitted by the junior .Senator from Maryland will be read. The .Secretary read the resolution, as follows: Jii'so/red, That as a further mark of re.sjiect to the memory of the deceased, the Senate do now adjourn. The re.soluti(jn was unanimously agreed to; and (at 5 o'clock and 7 miiHites p. m. ) the .Senate adjourned until to-morrow, .Saturday, Februar\' 2, 1907, at 12 o'clock meridian, S. Doc. 404, 59-2 5 PROCEEDINGS IN THE HOUSE Monday, /tine /, it^o6. A message froin the .Senate, by Mr. Parkinson, its reading clerk, announced that the Senate had passed the following resolutions: /\'c\si>/;ri/, Tliat the Senate has lieard with protDuixl sorrow of the death of Hon. .\RTinK I'rK (iORM.\x, late a Senatr»iaii in 1S71, and at the session iif i '" f^iL't, the develop- ment of the various interests of the vSouth has been so rapid that the railroad lines now in operation in that section are unequal to transporting its cotton, steel, and various products, and tjeneral prosperit\- reigns. The deceased Senator is entitled to the gratitude of every patriotic citizen, and especially of the people of the South- land. If he had rendered us no other ptiblic service, this of it.self ought to be sufficient to entitle him to the gratitude of the entire American people. This feeling in his own State was so great that when the Democratic State convention met in 1S91 Mr. Gokm.vx was unanimously named as the candi- date of his party for the Senate, a thing without precedent in the jiolitics of Mar>-land, and in further recognition of his great services he was jjresented a handsome silver .ser\'ice, paid for b}- his admirers in the State. Mr. GoK.M.vx was an ideal husband and fatlier, and no man in public life cnjoye'. He not onh- brought great intelligence, great culture, great knowledge, great integrity, but he also brought great industry. Legislative duties in both House and Senate are somewhat varied. There is a sentiment throughout the country to be conserved or created, and it is very important indeed from the party standpoint and from the standpoint of the best interests of the Republic that there should be a just and correct .sentiment, that is frequentl>- nurtured — sometimes I may say created — by the debates in the two bodies, publicity being given b\- the pre.ss. There the man who abounds in oratorj-, with fitting words to clothe the ideas that he may have, becomes valuable. But after all, with the new.sjiapers universal, I think the capacity to discu.ss public questions, as compared with the capacity to understand public bu.siness, and without displaj" or oratory con.sider it, where one is in condition to assist materially in its transaction, perhaps is a more valuable factor than the other factor uf creating public sentiment. I do not aim to minimize either of these factors. .Senator Gorman as a debater was strong and forceful and clear, but, in my judgment, his ability, his tact, his industry, and his knowledge in the conference room touching daily transactions in legislation were, to say the least of it, equal to his ability as a debater in the Senate of the United States. Sometimes it is fa.sliionable in the country, if we can not think of anything else to .say, to cartoon or to put a humorous little bit in the newspapers, if thej' need a stickful, sometimes a fling with or without malice, as it may be, at the Congress of the United States. We are not all Solomons in either the House or the Senate, nor are we all W'ebsters, nor are we all Gorman.s. Address of Mr. L aniioii, of Illinois 79 But, measuring my words, after some length of service in the House of Representatives and in contact with the vSenate, I beheve those two great bodies, in their personnel, average the picked men of the Republic. I refer to this at this time because mo,st of the \-aluable service that a Senator or a Repre- sentative performs for the Republic is a service of which the world does not know. Frequently the average reader, being interested in other matters touching the acquiring of his daily bread and performing his dut}' as a private citizen, if he reads about it at all does not understand, or does not take the trouble to understand. It is not interesting. In other words, as the common expression is, "it will not read it.self. " In my judg- ment this great son of Maryland, who has crossed over, in his .splendid and magnificent service in the Senate of the United States is entitled to more credit for the things that never caught the public attention than he is for the magnificent .ser^'ice which commanded the public attention and the public approval. I said a moment ago that the average life of a generation is under forty years. An old epitaph in Cheltenham church- yard puts into the mouth of an infant who died at the age of three weeks the couplet — It i,s so soon that I am clone for, I wonder what I was begun for. And it seems that all of us at times feel like a.sking that question. But we are so situated that, while we do stay, such is the necessity for effort that we may live and be stibsisted, and care for those of the household and those who are to follow, and to pay our debt to civilization from the .standpoint of reputation and from the .standpoint of an honest desire to jierform our function and do our part, we are content to do the best we can; and when the end comes, in my judgment, 8o Monorial Addresses: Arlluir /'. doni/ait Uial man is a ha])]i\' man who has been in ])nhlic life and who can say, "Well, it is nnw beliiml me, but in my day, to the liest of my ability, I c(intril)Ule(l to the progress of the Repub- lic and of civilization as I was given to .see the right." I beliexe Aktiuk PfK GoRM.'VN, as he crossed over, had the right to make that declaration. Address of Mr. Clarke of Missouri 8i Address of Mr. Clark, of Missouri Mr. Speaker; It is probablt that almost every Representa- tive and Senator who was never much in Washington prior to his election to Congress forms a somewhat definite opinion from afar as to the chief actors in this political and legislative scene; but after he has been here long enough lo observe and studj- them at short range he will be compelled by the unimpeach- able evidence of his own senses to modify his verdict in many cases, ahvaj^s to his surprise, sometimes with delight, and sometimes with regret. Public men may be divided roughly into three classed: Those_ equal to their reputations, tho.se bigger than their reputations, and those smaller than their reputations. Arthur Pue Gorsian at a distance, as described l.)y the voice of fame, was a pleasing, a conunanding figure. He grew on one from personal contact and close inspection. His hand- some presence, his winsome manners, his exquisite courtesy — which was ingrained, not put on and off as a garment — his thoughtful and unfailing kindness to newcomers, his unsur- pa.ssed tact, his rare equipoise, his wise counsel when sought by even the humblest Member, his splendid powers as a con- ver.sationalist, all tended to enhance the high e.stimate one had formed of him from the public press and from the Congres- sional Record. I want to interpolate at this point a matter suggested by the very fine speech of Speaker Camion. In the Christmas holi- days of 1899 the Southern Railroad gave the Gridiron Club an excursion to Charleston, .S. C. Going down and coming back they were the guests of the road ; in Charleston they were the S. Doc. 404. 59-2 6 fS2 .\fiiiiorial . \(hh-fsses : Arthur I'. ( 'loniiaii guests (if the city ; aiui I never in iiis- life had a more enjoyable trip. The chilj invited .'senator Tilhnan, Senator Depew, and myself to go along and make speeches, though as a matter of fact several members of the club could have made better speeches than any of us. On that trip I propounded this query to the members of the club one night, and I did it becau.se our reputations here depend very largely on what the nevv.spapers say. I asked them how it was that you might take two men who on the whole were of about the .same abilities and same influence in this House and in the Senate and the>' were always exploiting one of them and never exploiting the other. I said that I had no reason to complain, because I thought I had had my full share of exploitation. At first they denied the proposition. They said it was not true. Then I gave them a few samples that had fallen inider my own observation : and at la.st they gave this answer; That they supposed it must be true : that one man's style of speaking was epigrannnatic or anecdotal; they could take an extract from that speech and make good reading news of it, while another man might make an equally good speech for the purpo.ses of legislation, Init it was one they could not treat that way. And they came to the conclusion that that is really the reason why some Members of the Hou.se and .some Senators always figure in the newspapers, while .some others of equal capacity and of equal influence .scarcely appear in them at all. Karly impressions are never effaced. M\' father was an enthusiast touching ])hrenology and jihysiognomy. He was an onniiverous reader, and among the periodicals in which he delighted and which he reconnneiided to me as mental pabulum in my youth was the Phrenological Journal, published by r'owler t'v: Wells. Mv fa\'orite teacher in the common schools Address of Mr. C/ark, of Missouri 83. was a professional phreiioloirist. With sncli early guiiles it was inevitable that I should all my days be a student of the human face divine. It is a most fascinating recreation. While I have long since abandoned the theory that one may deter- mine what is on the inside of a man's head by feeling the blimps on the outside, I still adhere to the belief that there is much in both phrenology and phy.sioguomy. God writes a man's character and capacity in his face. To some his hand- writing is perfectly legible ; to others it is an inscrutable mystery. Alexander Po])e uttered an important truth when he said : The proper study of mankinil is man. Some men are so ugly and inigainh* that it is a positive advantage to them as public .speakers by reason of the pleasur- able surprise which their eloquence or logic or learning excites in their hearers. Others are so prepo.ssessing that they have won the hearts of their audience before they have opened their mouths. To this latter category Senator Gorman undoubtedly belonged. For .some occult psychological reason we never or rarely speak of manly beauty. By connnon consent and inune- morial custom we use the word "beautiful" as descriptive of the females of our race. In the case of males we substitute the word " handsome." Senator Gorman was the hand.some.st man of his time. In my goings to and fro I liave seen only two as handsome — Gen. John Cabell Breckenridge, who was Vice-President and who in all probability would have been President of the Republic but for the war* between the States, and John Henry Xeville, my professor of Greek at Kentucky University, who divided all mankind into Greeks and barba- rians. To look upon the coiuitenance of any of this distin- guished trio was a feast for the eyes. With the dead there is no rivalrv; hence I can .sav the.se 84 Mrniorial .Iddrrsses : Artlinr I', (juninui things without offfiist. Proof coiicUisi\-e of Senator (rOKSlAN's handsomeness is this: In \\'ashin.i;t()n there is a coniiiany whose chief business is the making of cuts to illustrate newspapers, magazines, periodicals, and books. For the purpose of adver- tising its work it always sends out cuts of the superb head and face of Senator Gorman. His cast of features was Greek — such as Phidias would have delij^hted to commemorate in marble and Apelles to reproduce on canvass. His intellect possessed all the subtlety of the Greek mind in the palmy days of the Athenian philo.sophers. Of moderns, he resembled Talleyrand rather than Napoleon. He was a diplomatist of the highe.st order — a most skillful man- ager of men — the most consummate parliamentary leader of his generation. Others excelled him in eloquence, in learning, in debating abilit>-, and in power of repartee, but in .strategy he overtopped them all. To him is peculiarly applicable the old Latin dictniii, "Snaviter in modo, fortiter, in re." To use an e.K]>ression homely but full of meaning, he "took things by the smooth handle. He rose to the leadership of the .Senate Democrats not by self- seeking, i)Ut by rea.son of his nniversalK' acknowledged fitness for that high and onerous position. His defeat of the L,odge "force bill" must ever be regarded as one of the most brilliant victories achieved by any minorit\- leader in the history of Congress. It so endeared him to the soutliern people that they Would have gladly made him Presi- dent, though they differed with him on more than one impor- tant matter of policy; and the chances are that he would have won that distinction, the ne i>1un ultra of human ambition, had he been en rapport witli the I.)emocrac>- of the West on the tariff and financial questions. It is generally believed that he threw awa\ the Presidency at Chicago in 1892 by refusing to Address of Mr. C/ari\ of Missouri 85 permit his friends to make a fight for him. No adequate expla- nation of his refusal has ever been vouchsafed to us — perhaps never will be. Out.side the Senate his masterpiece was the successful man- agement of the Presidential campaign of 18X4. It was a most brilliant performance and entitles him to a place in the verj- front rank of American political leaders. There is little doubt that IkkI he been chairman of the national committee in 1888 Grover Cleveland would have been reelected and the current of our history changed for years — it may be forever. Whether, on the whole, the history of our country for the last nineteen >'ears would be more pleasant to contemplate is a question about which men will differ and which I will not argue on this occasion; Ijnt surely it is not inapropos or in bad taste to say that had Cleveland been reelected in 1888 two momentous sub- .sequent events would not have happened — the passage of the McKinley tariff bill and the election of William McKinley to the Presidency — for it must be clear to the philosophical stu- dent of our hi.story that while the McKinley tariff law, assi.sted by a gerrymander of Ohio, eliminated McKinley from Con- gress, the same cau.ses made him governor twice and .sent him to the White House for two terms. It is altogether probable that McKinley was greatly ca.st down Ijy his defeat for Con- gress in 1890. If so,- when he delivered his optimistic .second inaugural address, March 4, 1901, if he gave any thought to that defeat, he nui.st have clearly realized the truth of the old saying that ".seeming calamities are .sometimes blessings in' di.sguise. First and last there has been mucli [ihilosophizing as to how freijuently in this world great events hinge upon small one.s — so small, in fact, as to appear trifles light as air. In one of the finest pas.sages in his delightful lectures on the "Four 86 ^[nllorial Aiidrcssrs : .Irthnr /'. CorDiau Georges" — and there is no nobler ])rose in our vernacular — William Makepiece Thackeray tells how in 17 15 James Stuart failed to-^ain the Three Kingdoms because certain of his ad- herents who were to escalade Edinburgh Castle stopped to drink his health in a tavern in Ivdinburgh town and arrived two hours too late at the rendezvous under the castle walls. So it may be said that but for the Cleveland-Gorman feud Cleveland might have been reelected in 188S; Democratic policies might have been put in force; Cleveland would not have been reelected in 1S92. for Democrats are unalterabl\' opposed to a third term for any man; and if Democratic poli- cies had proved acceptable, we would have conducted the affairs of the Republic for many years. Who was to blame for the quarrel betwixt those two conspicuous men, so inilike in mind, method, training, and careers, I am not trying to settle now — it would be out of place; but I most heartilx' commend it to the historian of our times as the turning point in our politics ever since and perhaps for decades yet to come. I hope, however, that I may be pardoned this conunent — that to think of what has been and then what might have been is enough to make a Democrat sick at heart. Mr. Gorman was a protege of Stephen A. Douglas and took his first political le.s.sons out of the book of that remark- able man. It is strictly within the bounds of truth to ,sa\- that the pupil was worthy of the master. Both led their party in the Senate in stirring times, and each narrowl\' missed the highest political honor when it seemed almost within his grasp. If Senator Gorman ever experienced any disappointment or felt any bitterne.ss l)ecause of his failure to reach the Presi- denc\', he gave no .sign, but went on serenely, courteously, and with digiiitx' initil the fin.al snnunons came. Address of Mr. Siiii/h, of Maryland 87 Address of Mr. Smith, of Maryland Mr. Speakkk: The career of the late Senator Gorman in its historical and biographical aspects has been dwelt upon ablj- and in detail in both Houses of Congress yesterday and to-day, and he occupied such a large place in the National Legislature and was so intimately connected with many great events during liis long service at the Capitol, which, with his part therein, will go down in American history, that it is neither necessary nor desirable for me to refer even in the briefest way to what he was and did as a vSenator of the United States. As a Representative from Maryland I rise here to pay a feeble tribute to his memory, impelled by the knowledge that the people of my district wish me upon this sad occa.sion to join in recalling the virtues of the dead, and this tribute, inade- quate as it is, is an expression, too, of the personal sorrow of one who was proud to possess the friendship of that son of Maryland whose vacant seat in the Senate echoed the vacancy in the hearts of his people. Measured by his accomplishments in the other end of the Capitol, Mr. Gorman's name will stand high upon the roll of Maryland Senators. It was his good fortune that the best part of his public life was cast in a period when the work at hand was fitted to his eminent abilities, to his shrewdness in debate, his wisdom in council, and his unri\-aled political generalship. It is these qualities for which he will be remembered, and his usefulness in the vSenate and to the country as a statesman of well-poised and practical talents, a usefulness so long and so widely recognized, can never fade from the record of American national legislation. 88 Ml Diiirial .Iddrcsscs : .Irlliur I'. Crdrmau Industry and SL-U'-rL-liance were tlistinj^uisliinj;" traits of the page whose patron was Douglas as they were of the »Senator when he had gained tlie same heights upon which the figure of Douglas had Ijeen the object of liis boyish admiration. All through his life Mr. Gorm.\x was a hard worker, and in the earlier portion of it largely de]K-ndent upon his own efforts and capabilities, and from this viewpoint his career teaches with silent force the lesson of the cardinal characteristics which have always been the root of the development and ])erfecting of the individual in our American leaders. Mr. GORM.\N was a loxalde man, as thou.sands can testify, and the man as he was known in yonder Senate was the .same man as he was known in the lowliest walks of life. In per- sonal intercourse he was kindly and generous, and amid all the disillusionments and sometimes sordid scenes of jjolitical strife which, more than most men, it was his lot to encomiter he still preserved a gentle and winning manner and a sweetness of temper which endeared him to his friends and acquaintances and shed a l)eneficent influence upon all with whom he came in contact. We, with many others, have seen and wondered at the composure, the gra\-e courtesy, the kindliness of speech and of liiought and of action which, whether in public gather- ings, friendly or otherwise, or in the shelter of our homes and his, charmed and .soothed. In the varied private relations of life, in that environment where one is really tested as to true and unshaded character, Mr. Gorman uniforndy exiiibitcd, and to a \ery marked degree, all the virtues which bless the spheres of familv and friendship. His mortal liody is hidden forever fnjm our sight liy the grave, but from its darkness and silence blooms, and will for- ever bloom for us, the memory of his goodness, of his great- ness, and of his patriotism. Address of Afr. Siiiif/i, of Marv/and 89 ADDRESS OF Mr. Livingston, of Georgia Mr. Speaker: Senator Oormax was, in cotnnion parlance, a self-made man. He had, by long contact with iniblic men and public affairs, an extensive knowledge of men and things. This knowledge, with his splendid endowment of common sense, his unflinching integrity, his sympathy for all, his gen- tleness and innate modesty, qualified him for the duties of life, whether to the State or to society, and made him a very po])u- lar citizen and official and a beloved husband and father. To know him was to love him. His official life has been largely dwelt upon in the.se .services, l)Oth here and in the Senate. He was an official con.servative, .safe, and succe.ssful, hence his designation as a leader in the .Senate and his political part>' as well as his fa.st hold upon his people in his native State. But for his modesty or lack of aggressivene.ss he would ha\'e headed the ticket for President as a representative of the national Democratic party. He was an old-fashioned Democrat, with- out the taint of many new-fangled notions called "principles." so common at this day. He certainly held that the Govern- ment was by the people, from the people, and for the people — a simple Democrat. His counsel and advice were sought and utilized by the leaders in his political party generalh', and on more than one occasion when his counsel was not followed came defeat. He was a manh' man, and, indeed, wlieii he fell a.sleep a great man had fallen — great in his party, great in his official po.sition as a Senator, great, in the tsroad sense, as a citizen of this great and growing country, and while we can no longer look upon his pleasant and cheerful face nor seek his counsel or leadership, yet his works, his words, and life are left us that we may in coming generations aihnire and follow in his footsteps. go Mtiiiorial Addresses : .{rtliiir P. (ror)na)t Address of Mr. Clayton, of Alabama Mr. vSpeaker : Two reasons constrain nie to saj' somethintj on this occasion. First, the obligation, the debt of gratitude, that tlie people of Alabama owe Senator Gorman for his valu- able .services in more than one instance during the last thirty \'ears in various political conflicts in that State, involving, as the white people there believed then and now believe, the maintenance of Christian cix'ili/.ation itself. Senator Gokm.vx on repeated occasions lent to us his counsel and his wisdom, and in other ways gave to us a helping hand in our hours of darkne.ss and trial. Again, Mr. vSpeaker, I am constrained to say .something because of my umiualified respect and great admiration' for the man. I first came to know Senator Gorman at the national convention at St. Louis in 1888, when Mr. Cleveland was nominated for the second time. From that da\- to this, in every national campaign, I came into contact with Senator Gorman, and met him officially and sociall\' upon my advent here ten years ago. I think I knew the man as he was, and I belie\-e that if he had adopted a Latin motto it would hr.ve been "esse quam videri," for to me he was always what he .seemed to lie. Mr. Gorman was not a self-seeker ; lie rarely ever thrust his advice upon others ; he was modest ; he was retiring ; yet he was read>- and willing to advise, and ready and willing to do when called upon. That he was modest is perhaps best iittested by the modest biograph)- written in the Congressional Directory. There is not one line of self-laudation, there is uot Address o/Mr. C/nytoii, of .Uahaiiia 91 one claim in there tliat he did anything worthy of praise, and his life was full of meritorious conduct. Those who ser\-ed with him in the Senate, and those in the House who knew him, have testified to the number of conspicuous, brilliant, and useful things that he did, and yet in his modest biographical sketch he makes no mention of any of them. The mere achievements, the mere political honors that came to him, are stated in their chronological order. With that he contents himself. I shall not speak at length of his services to the country, but I was glad to see that in reading the account of the proceedings in the Senate on yesterday some measure of justice has been done to Senator Gok.m.a.n, even in this late da>-, in regard to what his position is alleged to have been in reference to the Wilson- Gorman bill. The error became broadcast, and it .still survives to some extent, that Mr. Gorman took the Wilson bill after it had reached the Senate and emasculated it, added to it, and struck out. so that it met the condenuiation of the Chief Exec- utive. The facts are, as testified to by his colleagues, that when the Senate Democratic caucus or conference was held, Mr. Gor:\iax presiding, the first man to denounce any .schedule or any part of the Wil.son-Gorman bill was a southern vSenator who denounced the sugar schedule of that measure. The next Senator to denoiuice any schedule in that bill was a Senator from m>' own State, denouncing the coal and iron .schedule. I shall not go into a di.scussion of the reasons that animated these Senators. I mereh' cite this fact to show that Senatt-r Gor- man should not be anathematized for any thing that was done or attempted to be done with the Wilson-Gorman bill. Senator GoRM.AN occupied the unic[ue position of trying to harmonize the different views of his Democratic colleagues, in order that there might be a bill agreed ujion and some legislation had. g2 Mouorial .\ddrcsses : Arlhur P. Curniaii And ihe bill as passL-d represented, as I understand it. not the indix'idual opinion of Senator (ioKM.v.v, Init it was the result of the attempt to harnioni/.e the different views of the members of the dominant party in the Senate. It is to be noted, Mr. vSpeaker, in viewinj^ the history of the Democratic part>', that it has triumphed but twice since the great civil war, and Akthi'k P. Gorm.\x had more to do with shaping the forces and with the management of the campaign that led to the first of the.se triumphs than any other man; and, in ni\- judgment, he did as much as, if not more, in tlie other successful campaign than perhaps any other man. 1 recall that in one memorable campaign, when the party was bold and aggressive, that .some of the leaders of the party discoun- tenanced the idea that Mr, (ioRM.w should lie prominent in the party councils and in its leadership in that campaign. I believe, Mr. Speaker, that if the management of the campaign of 1896 had been put in the hands of Arthi-r P. Gokm.vx, skillful and able and experienced as he was, and less skillful and less experienced as was the gentleman from ()hio, Mr. Hanna, that victor\' would ha\e perched ujion the Democratic banner. The personal appearance of Senator Gor.m.vx was not only distinguished, but hand.some. His face was classical, intel- lectual, and attractive. It was as clear-cut and as beautiful as a cameo. He was manly in his bearing, >et modest and cour- teous and considerate of all of his fellows. While Mr. Gorman has gone to that Country from whose tjourn -\o traveler returns, vet he has indelibls' impressed himself upon the pages of the liistorv of his country; and from the .study of the life of this great man the >dnth of our country may draw hope and .liMrtss of Mr. Clayton, of Alabama 93 eucourageinent, lio\ve\er humble or poor they may be, or how- ever circumscribed are their environments. F'or from a poor boy of limited education he became the leader of his party in his State and in the nation. I learned to respect. I learned to admire him; anil I share with all of his former associates the universal regret at his untimely departure. 94 McDiorial . \(hlrcsscs : .Ir/f/iir /'. (tormaii Address of Mr. Towne, of New York Mr. SpEAKKK: I am prdfoundlx- i;ratefiil for the opportunit\- uf participating^ in the tribute which this Hotise, in obedience to an ancient and honorable custom, to-day pays to the memor\' of the distinguished late Senator from Maryland. I had not the opportunity of quite so close and long association with the late Senator Gorman in public life as had .some of tho.se gen- tlemen who ha\-e already participated in this commemoration. Hut I enjoyed for a number of years the honor of a close per- ■sonal actjuaintance with him, and I received from him .so many proofs of re.gard and confidence that this occasion has for nie the sanction of a privile.ge as well as of a duty. Unfortunately, it has not been jio.ssible for me, in the rush of other duties, to make that preparation for this occasion which its solemnity and interest and my own inclination impart to it, but fortunateh' that is a lack that will not be felt. The addresses that are to be and that have already been made here this afternoon will more than supplement any imper- fection in what I my.self might say. I have been particularly in.structed and interested by the illuminating address of the distinguished gentleman from Mi.ssouri [.Mr, Clark] , who never touches with deliberation an>thing that he does not ornament, and I can sub.scribe most heartil>' to the verdict he has giv-en on the pensonality, the .genius, and the public .ser\'ices of our distinguished friend. Personally, as others ha\e testified, and as everybody who knew him well nuist testif>-, Senator Gorman was a man of most delightful manners. Pleasure always shown upon his face when he met a friend. He was sincere, democratic, mode.st. Address of Mr. T(nun(\ oj AVrr York gs with a real and not affected di.w;nit>'. He ahva>s bore himself with that nice equipoise appropriate at once to the genial friend and the occupant of exalted public station. In respect of those cinalitics which gave him his influence among men perhaps it maj' be well to specify as chief among all his sincerity, his absolute reliability. His word could always be depended upon wherever he gave it under circumstance that made it possible (if performance. He believed thoroughly in the importance of duties and func- tions of the legislative branch of the Government. He took his official oath seriously. There have been few .so strenuous and able defenders of the prerogatives of the Senate and of the independence of the legislati\'e department of the Government as Senator Gorman was. He knew that the practical work of legislation every day dtiring a session of Congress demands the careful scrutiny of those who are re.sponsible for it, a scrutiny which nuist always be bestowed by .somebody upon the course of procedure in either body, but which seldom rewards the assiduity and attention of the conscientious le.gislator with any- thing beyond that con.sciousne.ss of duty well. performed, which is, perhaps, after all, the chief reward for the doing of any good thing. In debate .Senator Gokim.\n's masterv of the subject-matter ; his skill in dialectic; his direct, succinct method of .statement; his interesting and captivating voice and pre.sence, made him an ally to be valued and an ojjponent to be feared. His ecjuip- ment for legislative work was considerable, although not ,so fully rounded as might have been the case had he early enjoyed wider academic opportunities. His experience in minor po.si- tions in the service of the Senate, his acquaintance with the great political leaders of his time, the earnestue.ss with which he early threw himself into the political activities of his part)'. 96 Mriiioridf . liMrrs.us : Artlnir /'. (',ori)ta)i his great nieniorx', liis nalural logical power of classification and inflnence, etiuijiiK-d him for the pnrpose of enforcing policies and securing legislation as few contemporaries were equipped. His style was direct and forcible. The distinguished gentle- man from Missouri [Mr. Clark] has submitted some observa- tions, of characteristic force and interest, upon the subject of oratory, a word that in my judgment is often misap])lied. I have known many excellent .speakers, but very few orators, and still fewer great orators. Senator Gorman perhaps never could ha\-e been a great orator. Temiieramentally he had not that power of self-infusion into his subject, that magnetism, that compelling force which characterizes masters of the art of persuasion. But in power of statement, in knowledge of what his auditor ought to hear, in ability to state it so that his auditor couUl not fail to understand it, and in so relating the parts of his dis- course as to make them converge to the conclusion that he de- sired, he was a man possessed of very considerable art, no small part of the art of oratory. Referring now to temperamental characteristics, and recognizing fully the difference between the two men, his method was more like that of Alexander Hamilton than, let us say, like that of Patrick Henry. His effect was the effect of the reason rather than of the imagination. His apjieal was to the judgment rather than to the feelings. The very highest oratory, of course, embraces both. It is very .seldom that a man pos.se.sses both structural capacity and ornamental power. Like great architecture, true oratory is at once .struc- tural and l)eautiful. When it is fundamentally structural, with its beauty incident to its structure, it then approaches to the perfection which we find illustrated in very few of the greatest masters, like Demosthenes and Daniel Webster. It certainly is no impugnment of a man that he did not reach, as a ])arlia- Address of Mr. Toicnc, of Nczv York 97 mentary debater, the stature of the highest examples in that kind ; but as a practical legislative leader, as a manager and a tactician, it is altogether probable that we have not seen among his contemporaries in either branch of the National Con- gress the equal of the distinguished Senator from Maryland. As a leader in the field of general politics in the country he was a man eminent for liis tact, for his understanding of the political situation in every quarter of the Republic, for his ability to marshal his forces and use them, and above all, according to my own observation and judgment, for that peculiar capacity that has distinguished only really great men, of discounting temporary misinfonnation, of declining to be guided by momentary caprice or misled by the hasty con- clusions of subordinates, particularly when of a startling or an alarming character. Emerson has somewhere spoken of the necessity and importance of learning what the hours are .saying to the centuries; and oftentimes a man who.se ears are filled with the hubbub of controversy in his immediate vicinity for- gets the larger lessons of time and, moved by a local dis- turbance, may wreck principles of national extent. Senator Gorman was a man who was never flushed by rumor, who never lost his head. When others were dismayed, he was invariably his own ma.ster, calm, cool, collected, and resource- ful, able to apply all the lessons of his accumulated valuable experience to the immediate problem of a pressing emergency; one of the greatest qualifications for political leadership that a man can have. Others have spoken and this relieves me from the nece.s.sity of doing so at any length, Mr. Speaker, of the connection of Senator Gorm.\n with certain specific acts of legislation. Attention has been properly called to the great patriotic service he performed in that long contest, demanding a greater exer- S. Doc. 404, 59-2 7 98 Mfiiiorial Addresses : Arlliur P. Gorman cise of jwlitical sagacity, tact, and strategy than perhaps any other parliamentary fight in our own or any other legislative history, by which the "force bill," as it has been properly called, was finally defeated — a .service in which, I believe, the dominant o])inion of the country to-da>- approves the feeling with which the South at the time greeted this tremendous victor)'. Reference has been made also to the tariff legislation in which Senator Gorman took so active a part. I happen to know the Senator's convictions upon the general su1>ject of the tariff. I have no .sort of sympath\- with that criticism which represents Senator Gokm.\n as a .sort of Mephistopheles or Richelieu, who pretended to favor one thing while he intended to do another. His views u])on the tariiT question were never disguised in any particular. He ne\'er claimed to be a free trader, but openly avowed his belief that we can not frame a tariff system based upon the language of the general-welfare clau.se of the Constitution, but that such incidental protection as the imposition of duties gives to the industries of the country is strictly appurtenant to the revenue power. The contention was that the .statesman must consider condi- tions as they exist at the time of his legislation. He was a very practical man. He was not for an instant a .slave to a priori or doctrinaire abstractions. He .set to work to frame a bill which should raise an adequate revenue without disturl> ing American industries. vSenator Gorman was a diplomat. It is true that he was not in the habit of issuing jnoclamations aiuiouncing what he was about to do. He never went about his business, when it was important business, heralded by a brass band. But there is a good deal of difference, Mr. Speaker, between reticence as to what your purposes are and pretense as to what the\- are not. Mr. Gok.man'.s part in the Address of Mr. Tozvnc\ of New York 99 long-continued deliberations which resulted in 1894 in the enactment of tlie Wilson-Gorman law has been generally rec- ognized. But he had scarceh- less share in the enactment of the interstate-commerce law of i.ScSj, the pioneer legislation on a subject that has recently enjoyed so large a share of the attention of the Government. Senator Gorman has frequently been represented as the opposite to the idealist, as a man intensely materialistic and given to considerations of expediency rather than of fidelit\- to abstract principles. I have in mind many illu.strations to show that this is a complete misconception of his character. He was an intensely practical man and believed that legi.sla- tion is a practical business. His dispo.sition was to get what he could, and when he could not get what he thought he ought to have, he compromised and got all he could. Bttt he would not compromise a principle. I have in mind as an illustration of this phase of his character and habit what occurred comparatively recently in regard to the Panama Canal. Senator Gorman realized as vividly as anybody could realize what the commercial intere.st of the South was in hav- ing an interoceanic canal, but he did not approve the method whereby the Panama route was adopted and finally .secured. I hope it is not against the proprieties of this occasion for me to say that I do not believe any Democrat will blame Senator Gorm.\n for taking his stand in defense of the old principles of the Democratic party as against yielding to what seemed a commercial advantage to the Southern States. I have always honored him for his attitude at this juncture, and I believe that a very large measure of praise will ultimately be given to him when the history of this proposition comes to be written. It is true, Mr. Speaker, that this great man, like all other men of force in affairs long prominent in the ])ul)lic eye. in loo Memorial Addresses : Artlnir ]\ (joruian intimate association with ^reat events in the history of tlieir country, encountered much and liitter criticism. He did not, indeed, object to criticism, honest criticism. He welcomed it. No public man shrinks from honest critici.sm. He must be always ready to render an account to his fellow-citizens and to the judgment of posterity for his acts, and he must expect that his character and his deeds will pass under the .scrutiny of men who do not agree with him and who will willingly find nothing to comment on to his advantage. But, sir, it is, to my mind, a mo.st sorrowful thing that another kind of criticism spent its fury upon the head of the uncomplaining Senator from Maryland in the la.st hours of his life. The snarls and cries of ghouls and jackals mingled with the sounds of the clods that fell upon his coffin. The function of the nnick-raker, Mr. Speaker, is, projierly speaking, not one of criticism at all. It is frankly one of pessimism, of spite, of hatred, of elemental, savage, indiscriminate cruelty. Nothing could better illustrate the extent to which the public judgment may be temporarily demoralized than that the opin- ions of so many earnest and honest men should be .swayed l)y the mercenary rhetoric of certain brilliant but perverted minds in the .service of .splenetic disappointment, groveling jealou.sy, and vengeful degeneracy, displayed in assaults upon the char- acters of public men, wherein a devilish artificer seeks by one grain of truth to give color to a whole ocean of inference and allegation. I believe, Mr. Speaker, that the time is at hand when we may hope to derive some public good from this calamity. Nearly every wrong bears in it the seeds of its own correction. I believe the pendulum is about to .swing the other way. I believe the people of the United States are lo.sing patience with this tendency gratuitously to impute to jinblic men the very worst motives of which their conduct is Address of Mr. Tounic, of New York loi susceptible as the result of the uiost iugeuious misconstruc- tion, and to picture practically ever}' Member of both bodies of the American Congress as the secret, willing, and corrupted tool of interests opposed to the public welfare. As I leave public life myself, sir, I am glad to welcome for those who remain a better condition of public sentiment in this respect. I do not know, Mr. Speaker, what the opinions of Senator Gorman were touching the great issues of the hereafter. I do know, I think, that whatever they were they were sincerely and fearlessly entertained, and that, as was the ca.se with every other problem that I ever knew to present itself to his mind, he had adjusted himself to a solution that was satisfactory to himself. For myself I believe as devoutly as it is possible for me to believe anything that the soul of the great Senator from Maryland, untrammeled by the necessities and the influences of its temple of mortality, is to-day free, somewhere in this great universe, to proceed upon its unimpeded pathway of illimitable development. I can not look upon the history of things as we see them recorded in geology, in the science of anthropology, and in the development of human institutions without being convinced profoundly, sir, that all that religion reveals and all that science ascertains are absolutely in har- monv in the demonstration of this great probability (for, in the nature of things, until some traveler comes back from that bourne whence none has ever yet returned we can not have absolute knowledge) that, whereas the earlier reaches of time were devoted to the evolution of the human bod>'; and whereas, next in importance, the human mind absorbed the energies of evolutionary force; and whereas, finally, in the growth of altru- ism, and in the realization of the brotherhood of man, there began to expand the limitless possibilities of the human soul, the third and crowning consummation in the long process of I02 Memorial Addresses: Arthur P. Gorman evolutional progress; and whereas conditions here on earth for so little a time are so adverse to the development and perfection of those high capacities, it is a reasonable, if not a necessary, conclusion, to which science as well as religion points, that there must be reser\'ed, in the stretches of time succeeding this mor- tal existence, an opportunity for the perfection of that highest achievement of the processes of creation, the human soul. And so to-da>-, as I pay my tribute of love and reverence to the memory of my great and departed friend, it is not as one who sorrows utterly, but as one who looks forward with a faith that is absolute to the time when he and all of us, beyond the trials and tribulations oi mere mortality, shall be still employed in working out the ultimate purposes of that Divine Intelli- gence that created everything. Address of Mr. Byrd, of Mississippi 103 Address of Mr. Byrd, of Mississiffi Mr. Spkakkk: More than half a century ago there might liave been seen a bright-eyed, promising youth darting through the halls of this Capitol, doing the errands of a page. This boy was Arthur Puk Gorman. Born of a splendid Scotch-Irish parentage almost under the shadow of this historic building, and having come in personal contact with nearly all the great political leaders from Henry Clay to those who now move about us, and having been blessed by nature with a .strong, incisive intellect and a winning per- sonality, and having acquired reasonable educational advan- tages, how could he have become less great? He spent his boyhood days in the atmosphere of eloquence and statesmanship; the thundering eloquence of Webster ex- pounding the Constitution and the scathing logic of the gifted Calhoun, defending States rights, was still ringing in the ears of those who moved about him in his earliest boyhood days. At the age of 14 he was appointed a page in the United States Senate. The venerable Clay was .still there. Sumner and Seward were just rising in their transcendent intellectual glory. Judah P. Benjamin, William L. Yance3% and Robert Toombs were among his daily preceptors. Stephen A. Douglas, the little giant of the We.st, was his personal friend and great bene- factor. Doubtless from this fiery, brilliant Democrat \oung Gorman acquired man>- of his successful traits of political character. In his maturer years he was the companion and compatriot of Lamar, Benjamin H. Hill, Randall, Conkling, Blaine, and Garfield, the sublimest aggregation of foren.sic in- tellectuality ever produced b\- any age or country. These great I04 Memorial Addresses: Arthur P. Gorman national characters were the associates of the late Senator Gorman from his boyhood days to the period when he reached the vigor of full manhood, and he seemed to have imbibed their successful traits of character without embracing their follies. In the course of time he became a parliamentary leader superior to either of them. If Robert E. Lee was the greatest military leader of the South, it can likewise be said that the late Senator Gorman was her greatest parliamentarian and p6litical leader. He had the power of leading his party to victory even in the face of almost certain defeat. He never surrendered, however impending the danger or however meager the chances of success. His career scintillates with sticcess at every turning point — always being equal to any emergency. His life was a continu- ous scene of successful progression from boyhood up. After .serving as a page in the vSenate he was made postmaster of that body; then internal-revenue collector for the Fifth district of Maryland; then a member and speaker of the Maryland house of delegates; then, in i88o, at the age of 41, he entered the greatest forum in the world, the United States Senate. In that body he soon ro.se to the leadership of his party, and after three successive terms he was succeeded in the Senate by another, though in 1903, at the very next turn of the political wheel in his native State, he was returned to the Senate and, by the unanimous con.sent of his Democratic colleagues, was restored to the leadership of his party — a tribute won by his merit and conferred in a spirit of chivalry. Mr. Speaker, many, many years will come and go ere the South will cease to revere the memory of this great man. In 1891, when this House, under the leadership of the iron and irrepressible Reed, pas.sed and sent to the Senate the Federal election bill — commonly known as the "force bill" — the last Address of Mr. Byrd, of Mississippi 105 attempted infamy of reconstruction, the bravest of our South- em statesmen despaired Ijefore the impending doom. In that fair section business was paralyzed; the throb of industry was hushed; the plowshare was left standing in the unbroken fields, and the spectral horrors of reconstruction again haunted every hamlet. Chilled was the blood of many a brave man and fair woman at the contemplation of the cruelties of Federal bayonets and African misrule. It seemed as though the last remaining ves- tige of States rights and civil liberty surviving the late civil war was about to be extinguished. At its crisis the South appealed to the fair and the just of every section. Many southern leaders seemed helpless and hopeless in the face of the overwhelming partisan opposition in the Senate. Not so with Senator Gorman. He had an intuitive conviction of the justice of the cause and was sustained by an unfaltering moral courage, the indispen.sable virtue in every successful leader. He was bold, yet prudent; active, yet patient; unyielding, yet conservative, watchful, and, above all things, as brave as the bravest. Unlike Some other leaders he took but little part in the geat debate. He acted while others talked. In this re- spect he more nearly approximated Parnell, the great Irish patriot and leader, than any other modern statesman. Like all great leaders, Parnell summoned to his aid his greatest lieu- tenants to do his talking while he acted and worked. In this regard Senator Gorman might indeed truly have been called the Moses of the Senate, while his colleagues were its Aarons. WHien the forensic battle over the force bill was raging in the Senate and when the high tide of partisan denunciation had been reached, he was not disturbed, but remained cool, delib- erate, and calculating. In the wild scenes of that august body it appeared that in him " Rea.son held the helm, while pas- io6 Memorial Addresses : Arthur J\ (}ormaii siou blew the gale. ' ' Like his great military prototype, Stone- wall Jackson, who often, in the midst of the wild carnage of battle, would silently and quietl\- search al)out the ranks of the enemy for a more vulnerable point of assault, so Senator Gor- man, in the midst of the fray, reconnoitered the enemy's posi- tion, observing a weak point here and the stronghold there, and never failed to take prompt advantage of every position assail- able. His .superb parliamentary tactics and leadership thwarted all the well-laid plans of the Senate majority, and when the smoke of battle had cleared away the victory was his; the force bill was relegated to oblivion and the country was free. Mr. .Speaker, in the .same grave where slumbers this attempted political usurpation is buried sectional hatred. The gulf of malice that so long existed between the North and South has closed forever. The sections are iniited in all the ties that inspire national greatness; the people have learned to know each other better and to love each other more. Now we have a great connnon country, a homogeneous jieople with kindred hopes and united aspirations. We are like the ancient .States of Greece, each Commonwealth a kingdom unto itself, yet con- tending each with tlie other in sacrifices for the good of the common country. The death of the force bill was the birth of southern pros- perity. England's greatest historian tells us that in five years after the wars of Cromwell, that involved ever)' English family and every foot of her .soil, the people were restored to their nor- mal prosperity, but it was forty years after the termination of the late civil war before the South could realize a throbbing puLse of increasing prosperitw That which the ravages of war left was prostrated and paralyzed by the infamy of reconstruc- tion, but these gloomy days have pas.sed, and the South is now on the high road to prosperity. Upon the death of the force Address of Mr. Bvrd^ of Mississippi 107 bill commenced an increasing wave of industrial development and onward it has rolled until the wealth and industrial effort of that long-paralyzed section have many times nuiltiplied. The energies, the aspirations of a great people long stupefied by the cruel apprehensions of African misrule, have been diverted into channels of industrial endeavor. Home rule and local self-government have been vouchsafed to the people of that section; northern capital, like the rivers into the sea, has been flowing into that section from every quarter of the Union. Many noble and good people of the North and West are seek- ing homes in the sunny South, and the}^ are always received with welcome and .soon become thoroughly assimilated to otir social and political conditions. The throb of the engine, the whir of the .spindle, the ring of the hammer may now be heard in ever}- hamlet of the South; and the bursting granary, the contented negro in the snow- white cotton fields, the screaming locomotive, the romping children, the lullaby of the "housewife, plying her evening care," all bespeak peace and industrial contentment. Too. they proclaim a eulogium of the deeds and virtues of the great departed Senator more eloquent than human tongue can utter. He has erected a montiment in the hearts of millions that will chant his praises along the corridors of time. The monu- mental shaft, so high as to pierce the thunder's home and more lasting than brass, does not eudtire like the inscription of grati- tude upon the tablet of the human heart. The heroism of Leonidas is still fresh and green in the memory of the liberty- loving world, while the scorpion has long been hiding in the ruins of monumental Greece. Emmet's martyrdom to liberty, though without a stone car\-ed to his memory, will be remem- bered as long as Erin's blood flows in mortal veins. So the memory of this great tribune of the people will not vanish with io8 Memorial Addresses : .Irthiir P. (roriiian passing years. Coming generations will do him honor and hold up his superb life as worthy of emulation by their aspiring sons. But the defeat of the force bill was not the only public serv- ice rendered by Senator Gorman worthy of consideration. It will be remembered that when the Paris treaty, by which we acquired the Philippines, was .sent to the Senate, he, as the leader of the minority in that body, at once manshaled his forces to defeat its ratification, and many believe that he would have .succeeded but for the intermeddling and intervention of others high in the counsels of the Democratic party. He believed that the imperialistic policy of the part>' in power was in contravention of the .spirit and the letter of the Constitution and that it would ultiraatel)- breed disastrous consequences. How ominously prophetic was his wisdom when viewed in the light of the fact that this colonial jiet has cost the Government $700,000,000 and the lives of thousands of brave and gallant soldiers. This great sacrifice has been made without any l)enefit whatever to our Government. The blood of the gallant Lawton cries out in condemnation of this infamous policy. At this \-ery hour every wind that blows from the Pacific brings forebodings of war with Japan, and should it come, the wi.sdom of the great Senator will be doubly verified. In the future may we profit by his wisdom and at the very first opportunity- pass this bitter cup to more congenial lips. Like all truly great men. Senator Gokm.vn did not exhau.st all his virtues in the public arena, but his character was equally sublime in private life. In his domestic relations he was loving, true, gentle, and kind. He loved his home, his people, and his God. He was charitable to the poor and with- out envy of the rich. The ragged nevv.sboy and the hard- pressed laborer coidd always reach his manl\- heart. His .-iMnss of Mr. Byi'd, of Mississippi 109 geueroiis charity and kind words waked ' ' to ecstasy ' ' the slum- bering ambition of many a forlorn yotith. Not until the scrolls of eternit}- are unfolded will the full measure of his benedictions to humanity be realized. But his manly voice is silent. The eagle that long soared about the mountain's peak has been stiicken to earth. Death, the antithesis of life, the avenger of all, the respecter of none, the grim mes.seuger from — we know not where — with icy finger touched his heart and bade it be still. His majestic life, studded with the golden gems of love, charity, and patriotism proclaims that he went to his grave with an luifaltering trust in the promise of the new life flashed from Calvary's brow. He is not dead, but has simply passed the gatewaj- of death from the scenes of his usefulness to the realms of his God. There is no death! what seems so is transition; This life of mortal breath Is but a suburb of the life Elysian, Whose portal we call Death. no Memorial Addresses: Artlmr I'. Gorman Address of Mr. Goulden, of New York Mr. .Speaker: Having known the late Senator Arthur PuK Gorman for mau\- years, and as my forefathers for more than two centuries claimed Maryland as their home, I feel it a duty to add a few words to the memorj' of one of the leading sons of that grand old Commonwealth. The soil of that State is sacred to me, as it holds the dn.st of seven generations of my family, and some day will be my own last peaceful resting place. Proud as I am of the achievements of the long line of illus- trious men of the .State, I should feel recreant to duty and false to the name and character of my ancestors if I did not sa>' something on this occasion. Senator Gorman was a worthy .son of whom all the people of Maryland are justh- jiroud. He left his impress for good, not alone on his native State, but upon the nation as well. As is usual with great men in all ages, he was frequently misunderstood and his motives mi.scon.strued. Those who knew him best loved him for his sterling character, for his warm, generous heart, his kind, loving disposition, his splendid family relations, as well as for his firm and unswerving loj-alty to duty. In all walks of life, even by his political foes, he was respected and admired. His character, both private and public, was above su.spicion, and his patriotism of that high order that should characterize every true American citizen. As has been so ably and eloquently said by the many distin- guished s])eakers who have preceded me, he was one of nature's nolilenien, a man of whom the entire country may well feel a just and honorable pride; one whose menior\- will ever fondls' Address of Mr. Goiildoi, of Nciv York 1 1 1 be cherished. The people of the uation claim him as one of America's great men, and his life and work belong to them as well as to the State of Maryland. We liouor our.selves and the patriotic people of the conntry by meeting here to-day to show our respect, love, and admi- ration for the life and achievements of our departed friend, Senator Arthur Pue Gorman. The magnificent tribute paid his memory by the Speaker of this House to-day was from one who knew him well. The sentiments found a warm respon.se in the hearts of all who had the honor of hearing his beautiful words to the memorj' of Senator Gorman. As an humble friend and warm admirer of this leading son of Maryland, I place this simple wreath to his memory. 112 Memorial Addresses: Aitluir P. (Sorinaii Address of Mr. Gill, of Maryland Mr. Speaker : At the outset of my remarks on this solemn occasion, I must frankly confess that I have always entertained a dislike for memorial proceedings of this character, and for that reason have always heretofore declined to participate in them. But I have been so deeply impressed by the etilogies on the late Senator from Maryland, .so feelingly and impress- ively pronounced in the Senate ye.sterday, that my prejudices on this subject have been very nnich modified, if not alto- gether dis.sipated. The solemn proceedings in the Senate yes- terday have convinced me that it is not only fitting, but essential to the formation of a just estimate of the public achievements of a man like vSenator Gorm.^n that tho.se who were most intimately as.sociated with him in the work to which he devoted the best years of his life .should be given an opportunity of testifying to his worth as a man and as a public .servant. My own acquaintance with the deceased Senator dates back to the time when he .served his fir.st term in the State .senate of Maryland, I then lieing a member of the Maryland hou.se of delegates. As he and I ser\-ed on the joint committee made up of the finance committee of the senate and the ways and means committee of the house of delegates, I was afforded an excellent opportunity of learning .something of the man. I was not long in di.scovering that even at that time he was a man of force, ability, and character. His industry was proverbial. No detail in connection with his work was too trivial for consideration. Once having mas- tered the details of a proposition he was prepared to grapple Address of Mr. (li//, ('/' Afnrvlaud 113 with all the ilifficulties that presented themselves on the subject. His knowledge of human nature and his ability to gauge those who were associated with him were marvelous. He was seldom unsnccessftil in his efforts to convince his associates of the wis- dom of the jiarticular policx' which he thought it well tf) pur- sue in order to bring about the enactment of such legislation as he deemed wise. The qualities which he displayed at that early period of his legislative career foreshadowed the success which in later years crowned his efforts. The rise from the position of State senator to that of United vStates Senator was to him a comparatively easy ta.sk. Only a .short .span of yeans intervened between his promotion to the Senate and his assumption of the leadership of the minority in th.at body, and with the duties of this dignified and responsible office he cou- pled tho.se of leader of the national Democracy. The achievements of the late Senator Gorman as a member of the United States Senate have been forcefullx- and so elo- quently portrayed in the vSeiiate Chamber >-esterday, by Repub- licans as well as Democrats, that it would be futile for an>-one else to add anything to the eulogies which appear in the Con- gresisional Record of to-day. That his services in the Senate had been appreciated by the great mass of the people of the State which I have the honor in part to repre.sent in this body is demonstrated by an incident which occurred during my cam- paign last fall. While addre.ssing the largest meeting held in my di.strict, at which there were about 4,000 people present, I referred to the force bill and to the masterly qualities of leader- ship which Senator Gokm.\.\' displayed on that occasion, and wliich resulted in the defeat of that measure. At the mention of the late Senator's name there was a greater outburst of spon- taneous and persistent applause than I ever heard elicited by the mention of the name of any of our distinguished citizens on similar occasions. S. Doc. 404, 59-2 8 114 Memorial Addresses: Arthur P. Gorutaii The ci)n.s])icuous SL-ivit-i- rciulered by the late Senator Gor- man in Ijviiigiiig about the defeat of the force bill earned for him more than the uralitnile of his own vState. Tliis achieve- ment endeared him more than any other patriotic act in his life to all the people of the Sonth and to millions of the North who l)elieved that the force bill was fraught with the greatest danger to the liberties of our people. That a prophet is not without honor save in his own home is an axiom the truth of which probably no other man in public life had more reason to feel than the late vSenator from Mary- land. His ray)id attainment of the highest honor which his State could confer U]>on him, while drawing to him hosts of loyal and faithful friends, who were true to him to the last, also created many enemies who leveled al him the sharpest shafts of .satire and denunciation, yet all nuist admit that notwithstand- ing the ol)Stacles that beset his path and the con.stant strife that waged about him he remained in the conflict to the la.st, only laying aside his armor and sword for the garb in which one is arrayed who starts on the journey from whence there is no return. The future biographer and the future hi.storian will give to Arthur P. Gorm.\n the niche in the Temple of Fame to which his public .services justly entitle him. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to print in the Record the resolutions whicli 1 send to the Clerk's desk. The Speaker pro tempore. The gentleman asks unanimous consent to have incorporated in the Record the resolutions which will now be rejiorted b\- the Clerk. The Clerk read as follows: RKSOttlTION TNANIMOUSI.V .ADOPTED BV THE DKMOCR.VTIC C.\UCUS JUNE 9, igo6. The Dc-iiiocratic Sf iiators at their fir.st meeliii}; in cout'oreiUH' .sub.sequfiit to the dcatli of Uii-ir fornu-r houortil Miid bt-lovt-il chainiiati, Uu- latu Address of j\lr. Gill, of Maryland 115 Senator Gorman, obey their unatTected impulse in the expression of their profound sorrow for his loss to them as their personal friend ami their sagacious, faithful political guide in their official relations. A faithfid friend, zealous and wise party leader, considerate ami concili- atory and careful of the interests of all, he greatly endeared himself to his party associates, by whom his memory will ever be most fondly cherished. Tlie Spe.vkek pro tempore. Is there objection? There was 110 objection. Mr. Gill. Mr. Speaker. I oiler tlie resolutions wliich I send to the Clerk's desk. The Spe.vker pro tempore. The gentleman from Maryland offers the following resolutions: Resolved, That the Clerk of the Hou.st- send a copy of the resolutions to the family of the deceased. Resotl'ed, That as a further mark of respect to the memory of the deceased, the House do now- adjourn. o