DENCE BETWEEN WASHING- 
 ND JEWISH CITIZENS. 
 
 . ATION OF JEWS TO OUR 
 ONAL MONUMENTS. 
 
 / 
 
 .WIS ABRAHAM, 
 
 Washington, D. C. 
 
 tions of the american jewish historical 
 Society, No. 3, 1895. 
 
CORRESPONDENCE BETWEEN WASHINGTON 
 AND JEWISH CITIZENS. 
 
 By Lewis Abraham, Washington, D. C. 
 
 The number of Israelites in this country prior to the 
 Declaration of Independence was not large, but there is 
 undoubted evidence that they were staunch supporters of the 
 Colonies in their efforts to secure severance from foreign yoke. 
 
 When Washington had concluded his labors in the field of 
 war and had attained deserved civic honors, and laurels 
 from all quarters were being showered upon him, the 
 Hebrews joined their fellow-citizens in felicitating the hero 
 and statesman. 
 
 The following correspondence is gathered from the United 
 States Gazette of 1790 ; a partial file of this paper can be 
 found in the Congressional Library. It is strange that the 
 letters are not all to be found in books in which the Wash- 
 ington correspondence is compiled. 
 
 The original letter addressed to the " Beth Elohim " con- 
 gregation of Charleston, South Carolina, was carefully pre- 
 served among the many other valuable records of that city, 
 but was destroyed by the great fire of 1838. His Honor 
 the Mayor endeavored to obtain a copy from the depart- 
 ment of the general government, but after a thorough exami- 
 nation of the records no such document could be found, and 
 after a prolonged search the undersigned was written to and 
 supplied the missing letter.* 
 
 * See Fear Book of the City of Charleston for 1884, p. 280. 
 
88 American Jewish Historical Society. 
 
 The Address feom the Hebrew Congregation or 
 the City of Savannah, Georgia, which was pre- 
 sented to Washington, the first President of thi 
 United States, by Mr. Jackson, one of the Rep- 
 resentatives from Georgia. 
 
 "Sir: — We have long been anxious of congratulating you 
 on your appointment, by unanimous approbation, to the 
 presidential dignity of this country, and of testifying our 
 unbounded confidence in your integrity and unblemished 
 virtue. Yet however exalted the station you now fill, it is 
 still not equal to the merit of your heroic services through 
 an arduous and dangerous conflict, which has embosomed you 
 in the hearts of her citizens. 
 
 Our eccentric situation, added to a diffidence founded on 
 the most profound respect, has thus long prevented our 
 address, yet the delay has realized anticipation, given us an 
 opportunity of presenting our grateful acknowledgments for 
 the benediction of heaven through the magnanimity of federal 
 influence and the equity of your administration. 
 
 Your unexampled liberality and extensive philanthropy 
 have dispelled that cloud of bigotry and superstition which 
 has long as a vail shaded religion — unrivetted the fetters of 
 enthusiasm — enfranchised us with all the privileges and 
 immunities of free citizens, and initiated us into the grand 
 mass of legislative mechanism. By example you have taught 
 us to endure the ravages of war with manly fortitude, and 
 to enjoy the blessings of peace with reverence to the Deity 
 and benignity and love to our fellow-creatures. 
 
 May the Great Author of the world grant you all happi- 
 ness — an uninterrupted series of health — addition of years 
 to the number of your days, and a continuance of guardian- 
 ship to that freedom which under auspices of heaven your 
 magnanimity and wisdom have given these States. 
 
 Levi Sheftal, President. 
 In behalf of the Hebrew Congregations." 
 
Washington and Jewish Citizens — Abraham. 89 
 
 To which the President was pleased to return the following: 
 
 ANSWER. — To the Hebrew Congregations of the 
 City of Savannah, Georgia.* 
 
 itlemen : — I thank you with great sincerity for your 
 congratulations on my appointment to the office which I 
 have the honor to hold by the unanimous choice of my 
 fellow-citizens, and especially the expressions you are pleased 
 to use in testifying the confidence that is reposed in me by 
 your congregations. 
 
 As the delay which has naturally intervened between my 
 election and your address has afforded me an opportunity for 
 appreciating the merits of the Federal Government and for 
 communicating your sentiments of its administration, I have 
 rather to express my satisfaction rather than regret at a cir- 
 cumstance which demonstrates (upon experiment) your 
 attachment to the former as well as approbation of the latter. 
 
 I rejoice that a spirit of liberality and philanthropy is much 
 more prevalent than it formerly was among the enlightened 
 nations of the earth, and that your brethren will benefit thereby 
 in proportion as it shall become still more extensive ; happily 
 the people of the United States have in many instances exhibi- 
 ted examples worthy of imitation, the salutary influence of 
 which will doubtless extend much farther if gratefully enjoy- 
 ing those blessings of peace which (under the favor of heaven) 
 have been attained by fortitude in war, they shall conduct 
 themselves with reverence to the Deity and charity toward 
 their fellow-creatures. 
 
 May the same wonder-working Deity, who long since deliv- 
 ered the Hebrews from their Egyptian oppressors, planted 
 them in a promised land, whose providential agency has lately 
 been conspicuous in establishing these United States as an inde- 
 pendc \t lation, still continue to water them with the dews of 
 heaven and make the inhabitants of every denomination par- 
 
 *This reply is printed in Jared Sparks' Collection, vol. XII, p. 
 
90 American Jewish Historical Society. 
 
 ticipate in the temporal and spiritual blessings of that people 
 whose God is Jehovah. G. Washington/' 
 
 Address of the Newport Congregation to the 
 President of the United States of America. 
 
 "Sir : — Permit the children of the stock of Abraham to 
 approach you with the most cordial affection and esteem t 
 your person and merit, and to join with our fellow-citizens 
 in welcoming you to Newport. 
 
 With pleasure we reflect on those days of difficulty rw' 
 danger when the God of Israel, who delivered David lr > . 
 the peril of the sword, shielded your head in the day of 
 battle; and we rejoice to think that the same spirit wb' 
 rested in the bosom of the greatly beloved Daniel, enatb 
 him to preside over the provinces of the Babylonian Empire, 
 rests and ever will rest upon you, enabling you to dis- 
 charge the arduous duties of the Chief Magistrate of these- 
 States. 
 
 Deprived as we hitherto have been of the invaluable rights 
 of free citizens, we now — with a deep sense of gratitude 
 the Almighty Disposer of all events — behold a governiae 
 erected by the majesty of the people — a government which 
 bigotry gives no sanction, to persecution no assistance, b 
 generously affording to all liberty of conscience and imm 
 nities of citizenship, deeming every one of whatever nation, 
 tongue or language, equal parts of the great governmental 
 machine. 
 
 This so ample and extensive Federal Union, whose base 
 is philanthropy, mutual confidence and public virtue 
 cannot but acknowledge to be the work of the great God who 
 rules in the armies of the heavens and among the inhabit;! i 
 of the earth, doing whatever seemeth to Him good. 
 
 For all the blessings of civil and religious liberty which we 
 enjoy under an equal and benign administration, we desir 
 to send up our thanks to the Ancient of days, the great 
 
Washington and Jeivish Citizens — Abraham. 91 
 
 Preserver of men, beseeching Him that the angels who 
 conducted our forefathers through the wilderness into the 
 promised land may graciously conduct you through all the 
 aifficulties and dangers of this mortal life ; and when, like 
 1 oshua, full of days and full of honors, you are gathered to 
 i^our fathers, may you be admitted into the heavenly 
 ..^adise to partake of the water of life and the tree of 
 immortality. 
 
 Done and signed by order of the Hebrew Congregation in 
 Newport, Rhode Island. Moses Seixas, Warden. 
 
 Newport, August 17, 1790." 
 
 Washington's Reply to the Hebrew Congregation 
 in Newport, Rhode Island. 
 
 Ci Gentlemen: — While I received with much satisfaction 
 your address replete with expressions of esteem, I rejoice in 
 the opportunity of assuring you that I shall always retain 
 grateful remembrance of the cordial welcome I experienced 
 on my visit to Newport from all classes of citizens. 
 
 The reflection on the days of difficulty and danger which 
 jo past is rendered the more sweet from a consciousness 
 that they are succeeded by days of uncommon prosperity and 
 security. 
 
 If we have wisdom to make the best use of the advantages 
 vith which we are now favored, we cannot fail, under the 
 just administration of a good government, to become a great 
 ad happy people. 
 The citizens of the United States of America have a right 
 to applaud themselves for having given to mankind exam- 
 ples of an enlarged and liberal policy — a policy worthy of 
 imitation. All possess alike liberty of conscience and immu- 
 nities of citizenship. 
 
 It is now no more that toleration is spoken of as if it 
 
 rere the indulgence of one class of people that another 
 
 enjoyed the exercise of their inherent natural rights, for, 
 
 L'ppily, the Government of the United States, which gives 
 
92 American Jewish Historical Society. 
 
 to bigotry no factions, to persecution no assistance, requires 
 only that they who live under its protection should demean 
 themselves as good citizens in giving it on all occasions their 
 effectual support. 
 
 It would be inconsistent with the frankness of my character 
 not to avow that I am pleased with your favorable opinion of 
 my administration and fervent wishes for my felicity. 
 
 May the children of the stock of Abraham who dwell in 
 this land continue to merit and enjoy the good will of the 
 other inhabitants — while every one shall sit in safety under 
 his own vine and fig tree and there shall be none to make 
 him afraid. 
 
 May the father of all mercies scatter light, and not dark- 
 ness, upon our paths, and make us all in our several vocations 
 useful here, and in His own due time and way everlastingly 
 happy. G. Washington." 
 
 The Address of the Hebrew Congregations in the 
 Cities op Philadelphia, New York, Richmond and 
 Charleston to the President op the United States. 
 
 "Sir : — It is reserved for you to unite in affection for your 
 character and person every political and religious denomina- 
 tion of men; and in this will the Hebrew congregations 
 aforesaid yield to no class of their fellow-citizens. 
 
 We have hitherto been prevented by various circumstances 
 peculiar to our situation from adding our congratulations to 
 those which the rest of America have offered on your eleva- 
 tion to the chair of the Federal Government., Deign, then, 
 illustrious sir, to accept this our homage. 
 
 The wonders which the Lord of Hosts had worked in the 
 days of our forefathers have been taught us to observe the 
 greatness of His wisdom and His might throughout the 
 events of the late glorious revolution ; and while we humble 
 ourselves at His footstool in thanksgiving and praise for the 
 blessing of His deliverance, we acknowledge you, the leader 
 of American armies, as His chosen and beloved servant. 
 
Washington and Jewish Citizens — Abraham. 93 
 
 But not to jour sword alone is present happiness to be 
 ascribed ; that, indeed, opened the way to the reign of free- 
 dom ; but never was perfectly secure until your hand gave 
 birth to the Federal Constitution and you renounced the joys 
 
 :* retirement to seal by your administration in peace what 
 
 xi had achieved in war. 
 
 To the eternal God, who is thy refuge, we commit in our 
 nrayers the care of thy precious life; and when, full of years, 
 thou shalt be gathered unto thy people, thy righteousness shall 
 : 3 before thee, and we shall remember, amidst our regret, 
 • ;hat the Lord hath set apart the godly for himself/ whilst 
 :hy name and thy virtues will remain an indelible memorial 
 on our minds. Manuel Josephson, 
 
 For and in behalf and under the authority of the several con- 
 gregations aforesaid." 
 
 To which the President was pleased to return the following : 
 
 lXSWee. — To the Hebeew Congregations in the 
 Cities of Philadelphia, New Yoek, Charleston 
 and Richmond. 
 
 " Gentlemen : — The liberality of sentiment toward each other, 
 vhich marks every political and religious denomination of 
 men in this country, stands unparalleled in the history of 
 ations. 
 
 The affection of such a people is a treasure beyond the 
 reach of calculation, and the repeated proofs which my 
 lellow-citizens have given of their attachment to me and 
 approbation of my doings form the purest source of my tem- 
 poral felicity. 
 
 The affectionate expressions of your address again excite 
 my gratitude and receive my warmest acknowledgment. 
 
 The power and goodness of the Almighty, so strongly man- 
 fested in the events of our late glorious revolution, and His 
 lind interposition in our behalf, have been no less visible in 
 he establishment of our present equal government. In war 
 
94 American Jewish Historical Society. 
 
 He directed the sword, and in peace He has ruled in our 
 councils. My agency in both has been guided by the be; 
 intentions and a sense of duty I owe to my country. 
 
 And as my exertions have hitherto been amply rewarde i 
 by the approbation of my fellow-citizens, I shall endeavor to 
 deserve a continuance of it by my future conduct. 
 
 May the same temporal and eternal blessings which you 
 implore for me, rest upon your congregations. 
 
 G. Washington." 
 
 Appropriate in view of the foregoing expressions of the 
 father of his country to his Hebrew fellow-citizens is the fo! - 
 lowing correspondence of patriots of the early days of the 
 United States. 
 
 In 1818 the Mill Street Synagogue was consecrate* ! . 
 Mordecai M. Noah delivered an eloquent address on the 
 occasion, and sent copies thereof to distinguished statesmen. 
 Among the replies received were the following, which a; ( 
 worthy of preservation : 
 
 Copy of a Letter from Thomas Jefferson.* 
 
 " Monticello, May 28, 1818. 
 Sir: — I thank you for the discourse on the consecration G 
 the Synagogue in your city, with which you have been 
 pleased to favor me. I have read it with pleasure and 
 instruction, having learnt from it some valuable facts in 
 Jewish history which I did not know before. Your sect by 
 its sufferings has furnished a remarkable proof of the uni- 
 versal spirit of religious intolerance inherent in every sect, 
 disclaimed by all while feeble, and practiced by all when i 
 power. Our laws have applied the only antidote to this vic> 
 protecting our religious, as they do our civil rights, by put 
 ting all on an equal footing. But more remains to be don 
 
 * Travels in England, France, Spain and the Barbary States in t 
 Tears 1813-14 and 15. By Mordecai M. Noah; New York ai 
 London, 1819. Appendix, pp. xxv and xxvi. 
 
Washington and Jewish Citizens — Abraham. 95 
 
 for although we are free by the law, we are not so in practice; 
 public opinion erects itself into an Inquisition, and exercises 
 its office with as much fanaticism as fans the flames of an 
 Auto-de-fe. 
 
 The prejudice still scowling on your section of our religion, 
 although the elder one, cannot be unfelt by yourselves ; it is 
 to be hoped that individual dispositions will at length mould 
 themselves to the model of the law, and consider the moral 
 basis, on which all our religions rest, as the rallying point 
 which unites them in a common interest ; while the peculiar 
 dogmas branching from it are the exclusive concern of the 
 respective sects embracing them, and no rightful subject of 
 notice to any other ; public opinion needs reformation on 
 that point, which would have the further happy effect of doing 
 away the hypocritical maxim of ' intus et lubet, foris ut maris.'' 
 Nothing, I think, would be so likely to effect this, as to your 
 sect particularly, as the more careful attention to education, 
 which you recommend, and which, placing its members on 
 the equal and commanding benches of science, will exhibit 
 them as equal objects of respect and favor. I salute you with 
 great respect and esteem. 
 
 (Signed) Thomas Jefferson. 
 
 M. M. Noah, Esq." 
 
 Copy of a Letter from James Madison, Esq., on the 
 same subject. 
 
 "Montpelier, May 15, 1818. 
 Sir: — I have received your letter of the 6th, with the elo- 
 quent discourse delivered at the consecration of the Syna- 
 gogue. Having ever regarded the freedom of religious 
 opinions and worship as equally belonging to every sect, 
 and the secure enjoyment of it as the best human provision 
 for bringing all, either into the same way of thinking, or into 
 that mutual charity which is the only proper substitute, I 
 observe with pleasure the view you give of the spirit in which 
 
96 American Jewish Historical Society. 
 
 your sect partake of the common blessings afforded by our 
 Government and laws. 
 
 As your foreign mission took place whilst I was in 
 administration, it cannot but be agreeable to me to learn 
 that your accounts have been closed in a manner so favorable 
 to you. 
 
 (Signed) James Madison.'' 
 
 Copy of a Lettee from John Adams, Esq. 
 
 "Quincy, July 31, 1818. 
 
 Sir: — Accept my best thanks for your polite and obliging 
 favour of the 24th, and especially for the discourse inclosed. 
 I know not when I have read a more liberal or more elegant 
 composition. 
 
 You have not extended your ideas of the right of private 
 judgment and the liberty of conscience, both in religion and 
 philosophy, farther than I do. Mine are limited only by 
 morals and propriety. 
 
 I have had occasion to be acquainted with several gentle 
 men of your nation, and to transact business with some of 
 them, whom I found to be men of as liberal minds, as much 
 honor, probity, generosity and good breeding, as any I have 
 known in any sect of religion or philosophy. 
 
 I wish your nation may be admitted to all privileges of 
 citizens in every country of the world. This country has 
 done much. I wish it may do more; and annul every nar- 
 row idea in religion, government, and commerce. Let the 
 wits joke; the philosophers sneer! What then? It has 
 pleased the Providence of the ' first cause/ the universal 
 cause, that Abraham should give religion, not only to 
 Hebrews, but to Christians and Mahometans, the greatest 
 part of the modern civilized world. 
 
 (Signed) John Adams." 
 
THE RELATION OF JEWS TO OUR NATIONAL 
 MONUMENTS. 
 
 By Lewis Abraham, Washington, D. C. 
 
 The Statue of Jefferson in the Capitol. 
 
 In accordance with a resolution offered by Senator Justin S. 
 Morrill, of Vermont, while he was a member of the House of 
 Representatives, " that each State should be permitted to 
 send the effigies of two of her chosen sons, in marble or 
 bronze, to be placed permanently here," the old hall is fast 
 becoming an American memorial chamber. 
 
 Several statues, purchased by the United States, have been 
 deposited there, and many of the States have taken advant- 
 age of the privilege and paid homage and honor to their dis- 
 tinguished dead in the manner suggested by the resolution 
 oi Congress. 
 
 There is, however, one splendid work of art in the corridor 
 that has a peculiar history. It was a gift to the Government. 
 All others have been paid for by Congress or the several 
 State Legislatures. The bronze statue of Thomas Jefferson 
 by David d'Angers, a French sculptor, was presented to Con- 
 gress by an Israelite, Lieutenant (afterward Commodore) 
 Uriah Phillips Levy, of the United States Navy, in 1833, 
 but was not formally accepted until forty years thereafter. 
 
 Originally it stood in the rotunda, but was removed from 
 there and for many years remained in the grounds in front of 
 the Presidential Mansion. After its acceptance in 1874, 
 upon motion of Senator Sumner, it was finally located in its 
 present position. It represents the author of the Declaration 
 of Independence as having just signed that instrument of 
 American liberty. The pedestal is a superb piece of work, 
 in four varieties of marble, executed by Struthers of Phila- 
 
98 American Jewish Historical Society. 
 
 delphia. It was the first piece of statuary ever owned by the 
 Government, and is dedicated by the donor to his fellow-citi- 
 zens. Upon the scroll which Jefferson holds in his hand is 
 engraved a verbatim copy of the Declaration of Independence, 
 with copies of autographic signatures of John Hancock and 
 Thomas Jefferson. The Levy family were intimate personal 
 friends and great admirers of the author of our Magna 
 Charta, and after his death became the owners of Monticello. 
 There is a significance in the gift and in the sentiment it 
 conveys, and the co-religionists of Levy point with pardon- 
 able pride to the fact that this piece of statuary, symbolizing 
 the grand national organic law and honoring one of the 
 greatest men who contributed to erect the fabric of the temple 
 of American liberty, was the free-will offering of one of their 
 people. 
 
 Bunkeb Hill Monument. 
 
 The commemoration of the first battle-field in the Revolu- 
 tionary War by a monument was made possible by a liberal 
 contribution of Judah TWro. The proceedings of the com- 
 mittee in charge of erecting this national memorial, in honor 
 and testimony of the patriots and heroes who laid the 
 foundation of the Union, contains grateful acknowledgment 
 of Touro's assistance. 
 
 The history of the monument published by George Wash- 
 ington Warren contains the following acknowledgments : 
 "It was confidentially communicated to the Directors by 
 Mr. William Appleton that whenever the Association, in 
 addition to a like offer of Mr. Lawrence, should have money 
 enough within ten thousand dollars ($10,000), to finish their 
 work, Judah Touro would give that sum. It was a noble 
 offer, and coming from a resident of a distant State, curiosity 
 was excited " (p. 283). 
 
 Then follows a biographical sketch of this eminent citizen, 
 concluding as follows : " He was one of the smallest of all 
 classes into which mankind can be divided — of men who 
 
Jews and our National Monuments — Abraham. 99 
 
 accumulated wealth without even doing a wrong, taking an 
 advantage, or making an enemy ; who become rich without 
 being avaricious ; who deny themselves the comforts of life 
 that they may acquire the means of promoting the comfort 
 and elevating the condition of their fellow-men." 
 
 To complete the monument a fair was held in Boston by 
 ladies in aid of the building fund, at which delegates from all 
 the States attended. 
 
 The delegation from Louisiana, however, in their capacity 
 as citizens of that State, purchased at the Charleston table 
 the fine model of the monument which adorned it ; and they 
 caused it to be transported to New Orleans and to be placed 
 in one of the public buildings in honor of Judah Touro, 
 where it remained until it was destroyed, with the building, 
 by fire. 
 
 In the abstract of donations (p. 311) received from private 
 sources, the gross sum is stated as $55,153.27 — of which 
 Judah Touro donated $10,000. 
 
 At a meeting of the board of directors the following reso- 
 lutions were unanimously adopted : 
 
 "Resolved, That the Directors receive the contribution of 
 Mr. Touro with sentiments of deep and grateful respect, con- 
 sidering as a testimonial of his regard for the principles and 
 "he contest for which, and its successful issue, the monument 
 is intended to commemorate, and his affectionate recollec- 
 tion of the friends of his youth and the place of his early 
 residence. 
 
 Resolved, That John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, 
 Joseph Story, Edward Everett and Franklin Dexter be 
 appointed a committee to prepare an inscription for a tablet 
 to be placed on the monument, stating the object for which it 
 is erected, and recording the liberality of Judah Touro, and 
 Amos Lawrence, and the successful exertions of the daughters 
 f these patriots whose memory we would perpetuate — dona- 
 tions and labor which have placed in the possession of the 
 Directors a fund sufficient to complete the memorial of one 
 
100 American Jewish Historical Society. 
 
 of the most important events in the history of our country " 
 (p. 312). 
 
 June 17th, 1843, a banquet was held in Faneuil Hall in 
 celebration of the completion of the monument. Governor 
 Marcus Morton, who was suffering from indisposition, was 
 unable to attend. He sent a letter, which was read. The 
 two great benefactors of the Association were remembered by 
 the following (p. 330) : 
 
 "Amos and Judah, venerated names, 
 Patriarch and Prophet, press their equal claims, 
 Like generous coursers running ' neck and neck,' 
 Each aids the work by giving it a check. 
 Christian and Jew, they carry out one plan, 
 For though of different faith, each is in heart a man." 
 
 Statue of Beligious Liberty, Centennial 
 Celebration, 1876. 
 
 One hundred years elapse, with their cares and joys, 
 jeopardy and success, and America celebrates the centennial 
 year of its existence by a grand exhibition in the city where 
 is deposited the liberty bell that proclaimed the birth of the 
 Republic. The massive engine that moves obedient machinery 
 sings its pseans. The nimble shuttle and the agile loom weave 
 chaplets and trophies. Lightning-flashes leap from fathom- 
 less seas and speak with living fire congratulations of 
 emperors, kings and potentates. Human handicraft from 
 Occident to Orient delve and build and fuse and shape 
 tributes of felicitation to the glory and honor and praise, aye, 
 even worship, of the land of Washington. 
 
 In an humble quarter of the Centennial grounds the 
 Israelites of the United States, through one of their organiza- 
 tions, the Sons of the Covenant, placed their homage. It is 
 in the shape of a group of statuary in Carrara marble, styled 
 " Religious Liberty." 
 
 It was executed in Rome by one of their own people, 
 Moses Ezekiel, a native of Richmond, Virginia. Upon the 
 
Jews and our National Monuments — Abraham. 101 
 
 pedestal is no narrow sectarian inscription. The promoters 
 )f this tribute felt the eloquence of the Bill of Human Rights 
 which they desired to typify, and simply transcribed the 
 dause of the Constitution which reads : 
 
 CONGRESS SHALL MAKE NO LAW 
 
 RESPECTING AN ESTABLISHMENT OF 
 
 RELIGION, OR PROHIBITING THE 
 
 FREE EXERCISE THEREOF. 
 
 An eminent foreigner, a statesman of world-wide fame, 
 while recently passing through Fairmount Park, earnestly 
 gazed at the marble group and exclaimed : " If the Cen- 
 tennial Exhibition of 1876 resulted in this work of art and 
 did nothing else, the American people should be satisfied. 
 , the subject of a great monarch, salute the nation that 
 nakes this creation possible."