* ^fie feat of arms, howeper, %i)hich marks especially the Dinsions ability as a fight- ing unit,yjas the crossing of thcMeuse Kisser and the establishment of a bridge'- head on the eastern bank- Uhis operation loas one of the most brilliant military feats in the history of the ^^ American Army mjrance* iU'ohn^, Pers k i n^' <»*i»5 Glass _JIL5T0_ Book lik-^ rnjMighfN" ob COFiiRiGin' DEPosrr. History of the Fifth Division Q.=s5 3^ THE OFFICIAL HISTORY OF THE FIFTH DIVISION U. S. A. During the Period of its Organiza- tion and of its Operations in the European World War, 1917-1919 The Red Diamond (Meuse) Division 1919 Published by The Society of the Fifth Division 208 Ouray Building, Washington, D. C. Headquabters Fifth Dmsioif, A. P. O. No. 745, A. E. F., Luxembourg, June 1st, 1919. This "Official History of the Fifth Division, United States Army, during the period of its organization and of its operations in the European World War, 1917-1919," is published for the information and guidance of all those who may desire to inquire into the record of this Division. By command of Major General Ely: C. A. TaoTT, Chief of Staff. ^':^ 5 6 b Copyright, 1919 The Society of the Fifth Division El Wynkoop Hallenbeck Cravpford Company Printers and Binders Eighty Lafayette Street Nevf York JAN !Si920 ©CLA561514 PREFACE The Fifth Division did not win the war. In submitting the history of its oj^erations in the greatest conflict of all time this Division does not claim that it is the all-important American division ^vithout which the Allied victory could not have been won. Acrimonious dis- cussions as to which of the gallant units of the American Expedition- ary Forces was the best have been made no part of this work. Neither has it been the intention to sully the records of other divisions nor to lessen in a single particular the honor due any of those organizations whose combined efforts, well directed by Corps, Army and General Headquarters, led to the greatest achievement that has ever exalted American arms. There is glory enough for all. The Red Diamond Division desires only to claim its just share. Reaching France in the spring of 1918, the various units were assembled in training areas, and after six weeks of preliminary instruction entered a sector of the Vosges front. The monotony and peace of those formerly quiet mountain sectors were rudely shattered by the active patrolling and frequent raiding carried out by our men from the time of their introduction to the trenches. The brilliant seizure and fortification of Frapelle ended the Fifth's experience in trench warfare. In the St. Mihiel operation the Fifth Division successfully reached every objective on scheduled time, advancing seven and one- half kilometers and captin-ing many prisoners and much material. It tarried long enough in the sector to stabilize its lines and to help clinch the drive that had to be a success. Then the Red Diamond entered the battle between the Argonne and the river jMeuse, undertaking one of the most difficult tasks that ever faced an American division. In the fierce and continued fighting that finally won for us the Bois des Rappes many a man earned well the name of hero. Those eleven days of trial and exposure and advance under terrible concentration of enemy artillery, machine gun and rifle fire from three directions served as the furnace in which was tested and tempered the metal of the Fifth Division. It is in the crossing of the Meuse and the rapid conquest of the territory eastward that the Fifth Division lays its chief claim to fame. It is that achievement which gives the Fifth its name, the Meuse Division. Wliile the eyes of America were following the speedy ad- vance of others of her divisions toward the famous city of Sedan, the Red Diamond men forced the crossing of the Meuse river and the Canal de I'Est in the face of dominating heights that were almost 6 History of tlic Fifth Division impregnable and which were overcome only by sheer bravery and Yankee determination. The establishment of this bridgehead forced the Germans to loosen their hold on the whole river front and heights southward for a distance of some ten kilometers wliere our French allies had been hammering vainly for weeks. This has been character- ized by the Commander-in-Chief as "one of the most brilliant military feats in the history of the American Army in France." The Fifth Division established bridgelieads for both her neighboring divisions, but without waiting for them pushed out alone over the heights and through the Foret de Woevre, liberating eleven villages, advancing eighteen kilometers beyond the river and taking nearly two hundred square kilometers of territory before the Armistice stopped the vic- torious pursuit of the enemy which the Red Diamond had vanquished. This history is a true record of the accomplishments of the Fifth Division, as accurate as human effort can make it. The authorities are the field messages, battle maps, operation rejiorts, and other offi- cial documents of tlie Division, to which has been added the testimony of many of the officers and men who helped to achieve the deeds herein recoimted. There are doul)tless minor inaccuracies and inconsis- tencies; no two eye-witnesses ever see alike; moreover, some of the important actors gave their lives in the combat and many have left the Division since hostilities ceased. Casualty reports are the latest and the most authentic obtainable. The list of men missing in action is necessarily unsatisfactory, but it has been brought up-to-date to the time of publication and is as true as diligent search of the Statistical Section can make it. The future may discover the fate or where- abouts of some of our missing men, but the corrections brought out by time will be only minor and of unimportant detail. The members of the Fifth Division have co-operated willingly and loyally to make this history possible. The actual work of com- piling the material and writing the history has been done by Second Lieutenant Kenj^on Stevenson, Twenty-first Field Ai'tillery, who has devoted months of careful and intense studj^ to the task of verify- ing all facts and setting them forth in tlie most interesting manner possible. The maps showing the operations of the Division are the work of Regimental Sergeant Major Willard B. Prince of the G-2, General Staff Section. The photographs were taken by the Signal Cor])s. Aviation Section, and tlie Seventh Engineers. The whole has been carefully gone over, coi-rectcd and re\ise(l by a board of officers appointed for the purpose, each of whom has been a member of the Division during most of its stay in France. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Preface ;. 5 Poem — Red Diamond 12 Fifth Division Units • 15 PART I. COMMAND AND ADMINISTRATION Major General John E. McMahon 17 Major General Hanson E. Ely 19 Brigadier General Joseph C. Castner 23 Brigadier General Walter H. Gordon 27 Brigadier General Paul B. Malone 29 Brigadier General Clement A. F. Flagler 31 Brigadier General T. B. Dugan 35 Brigadier General W. C. Rivers 37 The Fifth Division General Stall' 38 PART II. HISTORY Chapter I. Organization and Training 19 II. Trench Warfare — Frapelle 59 III. The St. Mihiel Operation 85 IV. Winning the Bois des Rappes 127 V. The Advance to the Meiise 179 VI. Crossing the Meuse 199 VII. From the Meuse to the Loison 227 VIII. In the Army of Occupation 265 IX. Fifth Field ArtiUery Brigade after St. Mihiel 277 PART III. APPENDIX 1. Important Field Orders of Fifth Division 293 2. Winners of Decorations 316 3. Fifth Division Citations 321 4. Advances and Square Kilometers Gained 341 5. Materiel Captured by Fifth Division 341 6. Prisoners Captured by Fifth Division 343 7. Enemy Units Opposed by Fifth Division 345 8. Tables of Fifth Division Casualties 347 9. Fifth Division Personnel Taken Prisoner 353 10. Fifth Division Personnel Missing in Action 354 11. Armies and Army Corps 356 12. Locations of Fifth Division Headquarters 357 13. Station List of May 11, 1919 358 14. Battlefield Monuments of the Fifth Division 360 15. The Fifth Division Crest 363 16. Roster of Officers Who Served with Fifth Division 365 17. Constitution of the Society of the Fifth Division 419 LIST OF MAPS AND PHOTOGRAPHS MAPS Opposite Page Training areas, battle sectors and routes of travel of Fifth Division 52 The Anould Sector 60 The St. Die Sector 66 The Frapelle Operation 76 General Map of the St. Miliiel Operation 86 Fifth Division Sector in the St. Mihiel Operation 120 Operations of the Fifth Division west of the Meuse • 180 Operations of Fifth Division east of the Meuse 236 General Map of the Meuse-Argonne Operations 254 Enemy Order of Battle in Meuse-Argonne Operations 256 Areas held by Fifth Division in Army of Occupation 272 PHOTOGRAPHIC PJ.ATES The Crest of the Fifth Division, U. S. A. (in colors) Frontispiece 2 Major General John E. McMahon 16 Major General Hanson E. Ely 20 Brigadier General Joseph C. Castner 24 Brigadier General Walter H. Gordon 26 Brigadier General Paul B. Malone 28 Brigadier General Clement A. F. Flagler 32 Brigadier General Thomas B. Dugan 34 Major General McMahon and his Staff after the St. Mihiel Operation 40 Studying the Battle Map of the fighting in Bois des Rappes 44 Preparing for re-entrance of Fifth Division into Meuse-Argonne fight 46 Barracks built by the Seventh Engineers 56 An emplacement of the Fourteenth Machine Gun Battalion in the Vosges. . . 62 Keeping an eye on the Boche, in a front-line 0. P. of the Sixth Infantry. ... 66 A gun of Battery D, Twenty-first Field Artillery, in action during the Frapelle engagement 72 What the Huns did to the village of Neuviller-sur-Fave 76 Vieville-en-Haye 88 Regnieville-en-Haye 90 Dugouts at St. Jacques, used as Division P. C. in the St. Mihiel Drive 92 Thiaucourt, taken with many prisoners and much material 94 Tenth Brigade P. C. during the St. Mihiel Drive 98 The Metz Bridge 100 The sector of the Fifth Division seen from airplane 104 List of Maps and Photograpltti 9 Opposite Page The head of a column of 363 German prisoners 110 For a week preceding their entrance into the Meuse-Argonne fight the men lived in the Foret de Hesse 128 It took strenuous work by the Seventh Engineers to make the roads passable. 130 Ferme de la Madeleine 1 32 General McMahon and members of Division Staff 131 Cunel ' 136 Wooden tanks used by the Germans 138 More than six hundred of the Red Diamond men had fallen 110 Bois des Rappes 1 12 It was in shell-holes like this that our troops lay during the week of fighting around Bois des Rappes Ill Bois des Rappes as "seen" by aero-camera 146 The troops had entered the areas subjected to shell-fire wlien they camped near Nantillois 118 Bethincourt, near Dead Man's Hill 150 Buildings on Ferme de Madeleine, where Brigade P. ( '.'s were located . 152 Our aero-squadron helped reconnoitre the enemy's lines 158 It was only on the 20th that the rolling kitchens could be gotten up close enough to give the front-line doughboys a feed of hot " Corned Willie " ... 162 It was a wonderful feeUng to be able to hunt out the cooties 168 Brieulles 180 Even a stone quarry afforded fine shelter 182 No wonder the men in the front fines had to exist on cold chow 184 Aincreville 186 It was up this heavily wired slope that the third battalion of the Sixth Infantry had to charge to wrest Cote 252 from the enemy 188 Clery-le-Grand 190 The Meuse valley east of Brieulles was flat and open 192 Clery-le-Petit 194 The Punchbowl with Doulcon in the distance 196 The first foot bridge across the river Meuse 200 Company E of the Sixth Infantry was caught in the open river bottom 202 Where part of Eleventh Infantry won Liny-devant-Dun and southern slopes of HiU 260 204 One foot bridge across the canal, at the site of the old bridge destroyed by the Boche 206 Dun-sur-Meuse from an altitude of three and one-half miles 208 Not many prisoners were taken in our fierce assaults but those who were spared were forced to help carry back our wounded men 210 Site of foot bridge over river south of Clery-le-Petit 212 Dun-sur-Meuse on its round topped hill 214 Liny-devant-Dun and Hill 260 216 Milly-devant-Dun 218 10 History of the Fifth Division Opposite Page Prisoners taken in the fighting around Dun 220 A heavy pontoon bridge was constructed at Dun 222 Repairing one of the bridges in Dun 224 The great liill called Cote St. Germain 228 Vilosnes 230 Murvaux 232 Lion-devant-Dun 234 Fontaines 236 BrandeviUe 238 Remoiville 240 Louppy 242 Jametz 244 Five civilians liberated in Louppy 246 Mouzay 248 Charmois Chateau 250 When news came that the Armistice would go into effect 252 The first mail in two weeks 254 A few of the guns left by the Germans 266 Major General Hanson E. Ely, Brigadier Generals Joseph C. Castner and Paul B. Malone and their staffs at Longuyon 268 The Sixth Infantry had the honor of becoming the garrison of Treves, Germany 270 Longwy, where Germans abandoned large stores of war material 272 One of the Fifth Division battle monuments 274 Smoke resulting from a direct hit on Boche ammunition dump 278 Well-concealed " 155 " position during St. Mihiel drive 280 Receiving orders at a well-concealed gun position 282 Moving up a " forward 75 " 284 Heavy artillery on the way to Germany 286 "The feat of arms which marks especially the Division's ability as a figliting unit was the crossing of the Meuse River and tlie establishment of a bridgehead on the eastern bank. This opera- tion was one of the most brilliant military feats in the history of the American Army in France."- — Extract of Letter from Gen- eral Pershing to Division Commanderj dated April 30th, 1919. RED DIAMOND Who held high Violu's tortured mass And guarded well each mountain pass That linked La France to Belle Alsace? Red Diamond ! WIio drove the Hun from out Frapelle, Patrolled him out of l-'ontenelle, From Ban-de-Sapt, and Plaine near Celles ? Red Diamond ! From Regnieville to Souleuvre Ferme, Thru Bois de Claude, des Grandes Portions, Who forced the Huns as they came on ? Red Diamond ! Le Bois des Rappes, de la Pultiere, Cold Andon stream, the Clery freres, Witnessed the valor of men who wear Red Diamond ! Across the Meuse, the order read, The Army's hosts must next be led; To blast the way the Fifth was sped — Red Diamond ! Swam river and canal, and stormed The heights on which the Huns were formed; From Dun to Remoiville there swarmed Red Diamond ! The thought of peace stayed not their hand; After tlie foe, across the land. They sped, a freeing, fighting band — Red Diamond ! On pine-clad hills among tlie Vosges, Near Remberconrt, and where Meuse flows. In glory sleeps, in last repose, Red Diamond ! For all that we hold high and dear, Each facing death without a fear. Men fought to keep its honor clear — Red Diamond ! The diamond cuts; it has no wear; Its brilliance sparkles everywhere; The jewel prize, in stern warfare — Red Diamond ! — H. P. PART I COMMAND AND ADMINISTRATION THE FIFTH DIVISION Ninth Infantry Brigade: Sixtieth Infantry. Sixty-first Infantry. Fourteenth Machine Gun Battahon. Tentli Infantry Brigade: Sixth Infantry. Eleventh Infantry. Fifteenth JNIachine Gun Battalion. Fifth Field Artillery Brigade: Nineteenth Field Artillery. Twentieth Field Artillery. Twenty-first Field Artillery. Fifth Trench Mortar Battery. Seventh Engineers. Thirteenth Machine Gun Battalion. Ninth Field Signal Battalion. Seventh Engineer Train. Fifth Supply Train. Fifth Ammunition Train. Fifth Sanitary Train: Field Hospitals 17, 25, 29 and 30. Ambulance Companies 17, 2.j, 2!) and 30. Fifth Headquarters Troop. Fifth Military Police. Fifth Mobile Ordnance Repair Shop. Fifth Mobile Veterinary Section. Service Park Units Nos. 322. 393 and 395. U. S. Ai-my Post Office No. 74.5. Sales Commissary Unit No. 302, Q. M. C. Clothing Unit No. 304, Q. M. C. Salvage Unit No. 301, Q. M. C. Mobile Laundry Company No. 319, Q. M. C. Clothing and Bath Unit No. 323, Q. M. C. Bakery Company No. 322, Q. M. C, MAJOR GENERAL JOHN E. McMAHON AJOR General John E. McMahon became the first actual Commanding General of the Fifth Division when he assumed command at Camp Logan, Houston, Texas, on January 1st, 1918. General McMahon directed the training of the Division in the LTnited States, its movement overseas and its participation in the fighting in the Vosges sectors, the St. Mihiel Operation and the first phase of the Meuse-Argonne battle. General MclNIahon was born in New York on the eighth of December, 1860. After taking the A. B. degree at Fordham College in 1880, he entered the United States Military Academy in 1882. On July 1st, 1886, he was commissioned a Second Lieutenant in the Fourth Field Artillery. He was promoted to First Lieutenant November 28th, 1892. During the Spanish-American War, Lieutenant McMahon became, on May 12th, 1898, a Captain, Assistant Adjutant General. He graduated from the Artillery School in 1898. On July 5th, 1899, he became a Major in the Thirty-first Ir.fantry. On the suc- cessful termination of the Philippine campaign, in which Major Mc- Mahon participated, he was honorably mustered out on June 18th, 1901, having meanwhile been appointed Captain of Artillery on January 25th, 1901. On January 25th, 1907, Captain McMahon was promoted to Major in the Artillery Corjis, but he was shortly assigned to the Field Artillery. He was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel on May 3rd, 1911, and served on the General Staff from 1911 to 1914. He became Colonel on June 3rd, 1916. Following the entry of the United States into the World War, Colonel McMahon was appointed Brigadier General, National Army, on August 29th, 1917, and assumed command of the 167th Field Artillery Brigade of the Ninety-second Division, at Camp Dix, New Jersey. General McMahon held this command until the latter part of December, when he was directed to take command of the 17 18 History of the Fifth Division Fifth Division, Regular Aniiy, being organized at Camp Logan, Texas. General McMahon was promoted to rank of Major General on February Gth, 1018. Under his direction the Fifth Division suc- cessfully completed its preliminary training in the quiet Anould and St. Die sectors of the Vosges Mountains and carried out its mission in helping reduce the St. Mihiel salient in September, 1918. General INIcMahon was relieved of command of the Fifth Divi- sion on October 10th, 1918, and then assigned to the Forty-first Division. MAJOR GENERAL HAXSOX E. ELY A military organization is frequently compared to a machine, and the division with its many and varied units falls most readily into this classification. The success or failure of such a machine can- not be attributed to individual persons or units for they form but cogs in the mechanism of the structure. Nevertheless, upon the wise direction of the efforts of that machine depends the degree of accom- plishment that comes to the division. Thus was the glorious achievement of the Fifth Division made under the noteworthy and efficient leadership of INIajor General Hanson E. Ely. General Ely was the man who had the ability to co-ordinate all the different forces of his division and to employ them at their maximum capacity. It was he who directed his troops where pressure meant victory, who urged weary and war-worn men to extra effort when that added exertion brought sweet gains to the Allied cause and bitter defeat to a strong enemy. With such a man as its commander the Red Diamond takes its place among the best American divisions engaged in the European World War. jNIajor General Ely is an excellent example of the rise of younger men to power in crises, for he is only fifty-two years of age. He was born in Independence, Iowa, in the year 1867. At the age of nine- teen he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, New York, where he was graduated in 1891. Upon receiving his commission. Second Lieutenant Ely was assigned to the Twenty-second Infantry. In the year 1897-98 he was ^lilitary Instructor at the University of Iowa, and in 1898 was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant. During the years 1899 and 1900 Lieutenant Ely served in the Philippines, on the Staff of General Lloyd Wheaton, where in 1899 he was also in command of General Funston's Scouts. In 1901 came a second promotion and Captain Ely was assigned to the Twenty-sixth Infantry, serving as Adjutant General of the Fourth District of Southern Luzon. From May to December of 1901 Captain Ely was Adjutant of his regiment. From 1901 to 1903 he acted as recruiting officer in Des ]Moines, Iowa, and he was in the School of the Line and Army Staff College in 1905 and 1906. In 1907 Captain Ely had charge of the mapping of the Philippine Islands. From 1908 to 1912 he served as INIajor of Philippine Scouts. In December, 1912, Captain Ely was transferred to the Nineteenth Infantry, with which he remained until ]March, 1913, M'hen he was promoted to a majority and assigned to the Seventh Infantry. 19 Major General Hanson E. El// 21 Major Ely particijjated in the A'era Cruz Expedition from jNIarch to Aug'u.st, 191-4. and from Se2)teml)er, 1!)1.). to May, 191<>. was at the ^Var College. Next he was Chief of Start" of the El Paso District, in which capacity he served vmtil January, 1917. In March. 1917, he was jjromoted to Lieutenant Colonel, but was unassigned. When the Ignited States entered the World ^Var, lieutenant Colonel Ely became a member of the War Department Mission which visited the English and French Fronts from May 28th to July 1.5th, 1917. Upon completion of the Mission, Lieutenant Colonel VAy was made Provost Marshal (xcneral of the American Exjjeditionary Forces, remaining in that position till August iJOth, 1917. AVhile serving as Provost Marshal General he was promoted to be Colonel and detailed to the General Staff on August .5th. On Sejjtember 1st, 1917, Colonel Ely became Chief of Staff of the First Division, serving in that capacity when that division took over its first front-line trenches in the Luneville sector in Octol)er. Colonel Ely was given command of the Twenty-eighth Infantry on December 1.5th, 1917. and in those early days "northwest of Toul" he directed his regiment with skill and ability. AVhen the First Division was thrown against the onrushing Germans north of Mon- didier it was Colonel Ely's Twenty-eighth Infantry that brilliantly seized the village of Cautigny and then held it through days of ter- rible counter-attacks and punishing rejirisal fire. July 12th. 1918, Colonel Ely became a Brigadier General and on the 1.5th assumed command of the Third Brigade of the Second Division. General Ely's l)rigade was in the Soissons Offensive from July 18th until July 21st. and the St. JNIihiel Operation of September 12-1 7th. The Third Brigade then joined the Fourth French Army at ]M<)nt Blanc, taking part in the fierce engagements there between October 3rd and 11th. Under the leadership of General Ely the Third Brigade captured more than seven thousand prisoners. On October 13th General Ely was promoted to the rank of Major General and on the 17tli he joined and assumed command of the Fifth Division, fighting north of Montfaucon. Under his com- mand the Red Diamond Division cajitured Bois des Rappes, forced the crossing of the Meuse River and advanced eighteen kilometers eastward, almost to Longuyf)n, before the Armistice stopped hostil- ities. When the Third Army was formed for the occupation of (Ger- many, Major General Ely was designated as Commander of the Line of Communications. His division was stationed in Luxembourg for the performance of the duties of maintaining the lines of connnunica- tion for the Army of Occu]jation. oo Hist or 11 of the Fifth Division General Ely was cited by the First Division for gallantry in action at Cantigny. and again by the Second Division for the Sois- sons, St. ^Nlihiel and Mont Elanc Offensives. He was decorated with the Lesion of Honor h\- Mai'shal Petain and has been awarded four Croix de Guerres with palm. General Pershing has bestowed upon him also tlie Distingushed Service Medal. BRIGADIER GENERAL JOSEPH C. CASTNER Brigadier General Joseph C. Castner commanded the Ninth Infantry Brigade in all its operations as a part of the Fifth Division, American Expeditionary Forces. He was born in New Brunswick, New Jersey, November 18th, 1869. In 1891 he was graduated from Rutgers College with degree of Civil Engineer. On August 1st, 1891, he was commissioned Second Lieutenant in the United States Army and assigned to the Fourth Infantry for duty. He has since been promoted as follows : First Lieutenant, Fourth Infantry, April 28th, 1898; Captain, Squadron Philippine Cavalry, April 23rd, 1900; Cap- tain, Fourth Infantry, February 2nd, 1901; IVIajor, Twenty-first Infantry, August 27th, 1913; Lieutenant Colonel, Sixth Infantry, May 13th, 1917; Colonel, Thirty-eighth Infantry, August 5th, 1917; Brigadier General, Ninth Brigade, April 12th, 1918. He attended the Infantry and Cavalry School in 189.5, and was in the War Col- lege in 1915. Prior to the ^Vorld War, General Castner had already dis- tinguished himself. While a Lieutenant he rendered great service to the American Government as an explorer in Alaska. In the Philippines, for his services with the Tagalog Scouts, he was pro- moted to a Captaincy in the Philippine Squadron of Cavalry, which commission he held until receiving a captaincy in the Regular Army. Later he served as Constructing Quartermaster in both Honolulu and in Yellowstone National Park. While yet a CajJtain, he com- manded the Second Battalion, Fourteenth Infantry, and under his training that battalion made an unequaled record in known distance firing. ^Miile a Major he was Adjutant General of the National Guard of the District of Columbia, which he developed to a high state of efficiency. As Colonel of the Thirty-eighth Infantry he in- stilled that fighting spirit which won for that regiment its fame as the "Rock of the Marne." As Brigadier General he took command of the Ninth Infantry Brigade. In the quiet Anould and St. Die sectors he gave the units of the Brigade effective training for the big operations that were to follow. In the St. Mihiel Offensive, General Castner's brigade was at first in reserve with the Tenth Brigade in line. When passage of lines was made he pushed his outpost lines up near to the Hinden- burg Line. In the first phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive his Brigade cajitured Cunel and drove the enemy from the Bois-de-la- Pultiere and the northwestern Bois-de-Foret. In the second phase of the Meuse-Argonne Offensive General Castner's Brigade cap- 23 Brigadier General Joseph C. Castner 25 tured Aincreville, Clery-le-Grand, Clery-le-Petit, Bois de Babie- mont, the Punchbowl and Doulcon. Then the Brigade forced the difficult crossing of the river IMeuse and fighting northward captured in succession Dun-sur-Meuse, Milly-devant-Dun, Lion-devant-Dun, Cote St. Germain, Charniois Chateau, Mouzay, and the Foret-de- Woevre. In appreciation for his services in the Meuse-Argonne Opera- tion, General Castner was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. He has been cited in Fifth Division Orders. General Castner is a man's man, a soldier and a leader. In mental and physical alertness, in devotion to duty, in zeal and energy, he is an examjjle, alike to men and officers. There is no man in his brigade who will not gladly join him at any time for any duty. While his brigade formed part of the Ai'my of Occujjation, General Castner took the course of instruc- tion at the Ai-mv Center of Artillerv Studies at Trier, Germany. MAJOR GENERAL WALTER H. GORDON Major General Walter H. Gordon took command of the Tenth Infantry Brigade at the time of its organization as a part of the Fifth Division and commanded it throughout its training period and the trench warfare of the Vosges sectors. He was horn June 24th, 1863, in Mississippi. He entered the United States IVIilitary Acad- emy in 1882 and was commissioned Second Lieutenant of the Twelfth Infantry on July 1st, 1886. Lieutenant Gordon was promoted to First Lieutenant of In- fantry on Xovemher 30th, 1892. During the Sjianish- American War he became, on June 29th, 1898, Major of the First Delaware Infantry. On Septem])er 21st he was promoted to Colonel of that regiment, and at the close of hostilities he was honorably mustered out. Promotion to Captain of Infantry came INIarch 2nd. 1899. From 1907 to 1909 Cajitain Gordon was a member of the Gen- eral Staff. He was promoted to Major on March 23rd, 1909. From April 2nd, 1910, to August ll-th, 1913, Major Gordon served as Inspector General. He was promoted to Lieutenant Colonel of In- fantry on September 13th, 1914. In that year he was at the Army War College. On July 1st, 1916. he was promoted to rank of Colonel. Colonel Gordon was made Brigadier General, National Army, on August 31st, 1917. He took command of the Tenth Infantry Brigade, organized from the Sixth and Eleventh Infantry at Camp Forrest, Georgia, on December 1st, 1917. ^Vliile the Fifth Division was occupying the St. Die sector General Gordon was placed in direct command of an operation to capture the village of Frapelle in the valley of the Fave River, above St. Die. The operation was brilliantly carried out by the Sixth Infantry on /August 17th, 1918, according to General Gordon's plans. General Gordon was promoted to rank of Major General on August 26th and left the Tenth Brigade to assume command of the Sixth Division. 27 BRIGADIER GENERAL PAUL B. MALONE Brigadier General Paul B. Malone came to the Fifth Division just after it had completed its training in the quiet sectors of the Vosges. With that same vigor and forceful ability that had char- acterized his command of the Twenty-third Infantry of the Second Division in its operations in the summer of 1918, General Malone led the Tenth Infantry Brigade through the St. Mihiel Offensive, the taking of Bois des Rappes, the crossing of the Meuse, the drive across the heights to the Loison River and during the Army of Occu- pation. General Malone was born at ISIiddletown, New York, May 8, 1872. He was graduated from the LTnited States INIilitary Academy and appointed Second Lieutenant, Thirteenth Infantry, June 2nd, 1894. In April, 1898, he was promoted to First Lieutenant, Thir- teenth Infantry. During the Santiago Campaign in 1898, Lieuten- ant Malone served as a staff officer in General Wikof's brigade of General Kent's Division. From 1899 to 1901 he served as Staff Officer and in command of troops in the Philippines. He was promoted to rank of Captain in 1901, and from 1901 to 190.5 was Instructor in the Department of Chemistry at West Point. Captain Malone was with the Twenty-seventh Infantry in Cuba in 1906, where he served as Provost Marshal and later as Judge Advo- cate in the Army of Cuban Pacification, 1906-1908. He was honor graduate of the Army School of the Line in 1909 and a graduate of the Army Staff College in 1910. In 1911 and 1912 he was on the General Staff at Washington, D. C. From 1913 to 1916 he served with the Second Infantry at Honolulu, Hawaiian Islands. July 12th. 1916, Captain Malone was promoted to Major, and became Chief of Staff of Eagle Pass District, Texas, where he served till January, 1917. He was promoted to be Lieutenant Colonel on June 26th, 1917, and was officer in charge of Training Camps in the Central Department until July, 1917. Lieutenant Colonel IMalone joined the A. E. F. in July, 1917, and became a member of the Operations Section, General Staff, G. H. Q. He was promoted to be Colonel August 5th, 1917, and became Chief of the Traning Section of the General Staff, G. H. Q., in which capacity he served until February 12th, 1918. Colonel IVIalone then took command of the Twenty-third In- fantry, of the Third Brigade. Second Division. He skillfully com- manded that regiment in its training and in the Sommedieu sector, 29 30 History of the Fifth Division in the Chateau-Thierry Operations and in the Aisne-Marne Offensive between Soissons and Rheims. On August 25th, 1918, Colonel Malone took command of the Tenth Infantry Brigade, Fifth Division. Under his leadership the Tenth Brigade made its drive of nearly eight kilometers in the St. IVIihiel Offensive, and in the Meuse-Argonne Offensive gloriously captured the Bois des Rappes, forced the difficult crossing of the river Meuse and rapidly cleai'ed the eastern heights, taking the vil- lages of Brieulles, Liny-devant-Dun, Fontaines, Vilosnes, Brande- ville, Jametz, Reinoiville and Louppy and penetrating eighteen kilo- meters beyond the Meuse before the Armistice stopped hostilities. He was appointed Brigadier General October 1st, 1918. General Malone was cited in Orders of the Tenth French Corps and of the French Army of the Xorth and Northeast. He was also cited by the Second Division and by the Fifth Division. He was made an Officer of the Legion of Honor by the French Government and received the Croix de Guerre with two palms and one gold star. For his able and meritorious services with the Fifth Division Gen- eral Malone was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal. MAJOR GENERAL CLEMENT A. F. FLAGLER Major General, then Colonel, Clement A. F. Flagler was com- mander of the Seventh Engineer Regiment during its early training period in the United States, and of the Fifth Field Artillery Brigade from the time of its organization, through the St. Mihiel operation of Septemher, 1918, to October 9, 1918. He was born in Georgia on August 17th, 1867. After receiving a B. S. degree at Griswold College in 1885 he entered the United States IVIilitary Academy at West Point. New York. On June 12th, 1889, he became an additional Second Lieuten- ant of Engineers, and on April 1st, 1890, was appointed Second Lieutenant of Engineers. Lieutenant Flagler attended and grad- uated from the Engineer School of Api^lication in 1892. He was promoted to First Lieutenant October 4th, 189-t. During the war with Spain, Lieutenant Flagler was appointed temporary Major of Engineers on June 8th, 1898. His promotion to grade of regular Captain came July 5th, 1898. On December 31st, 1898. he was given honorable discharge as temporary JNLijor. Captain Flagler was promoted to Major on May .5th, 190(5, and on February 27th, 1913, to Lieutenant Colonel. He was in the Army War College in 1914. After America's declaration of war on Germany Lieutenant Colonel Flagler was appointed Colonel on iNIay 1.5th, 1917, and when the Seventh Engineers were organized in July Colonel Flagler became Commanding Officer of the neAv regiment. In December the Seventh Engineers were assigned to the Fifth Division just be- ing organized. Then Colonel Flagler was directed to take command of the Fifth Field Artillery Brigade, organized with the Nineteenth, Twentieth and Twenty-first Field Artillery at Camp Stanley, Leon Springs, Texas. Colonel Flagler assumed command of the brigade on December 31st. 1917, receiving the rank of Brigadier General on February 7th, 1918. General Flagler's brigade did not sail for France until May, 1918, a month later than the Infantry Brigades of the Fifth Division. The Artillery Brigade proceeded to Camp la Valdahon for instruc- tion and then joined its division in the St. Die sector of the Vosges. General Flagler commanded the Fifth Division Artillery during the St. Mihiel Operation and when the Fifth Division moved out of the sector, the Fifth Field Artillery Brigade w^as detached and became Sector Artillery. '31 Major General Clement A. F. Flagler 33 Genei-al Flagler was relieved of command of the Fifth Field Artillery Brigade on October 9th, 1918, and was given command of the Third Corps Artillery. He was promoted to the rank of Major General on October 17th, 1918, and later took command of the Forty-second DiAision. BRIGADIER GENERAL THOMAS B. DUGAN Brigadier General Thomas B. Dugan was born in Baltimore, jMaryland, on Jnly 27, 1858. He entered the U. S. jNIilitary Academy and graduated with the class of 1882, being assigned to the 10th Cav- alry as an additional Second Lieutenant on June 13, 1882. His next assignment was to the 3d Cavalry as Second Lieutenant on June 26, 1882. Promotion to First Lieutenant came on October 29, 1888, and to Captain on July 9, 1898, being assigned to the 7th Cavalry on the same date. He transferred to the 12th Cavalry on March 8, 1901. He received his Majority and assignment to the 4th Cavalry on October 28, 1906, and transferred back to the 12th Cavahy, December 19, 1906, but on September 17, 1911, was reassigned to the 4th Cav- alry. His promotion to Lieutenant Colonel. Cavalry, came on July 30. 1912. On June 10, 1913, he was assigned to the 6th Cavalry, and was promoted to Colonel on December o, 1915, and was in com- mand of the 9th Cavalry, stationed in the Philippines, when war on Germany was declared. General Dugan served in Ai'my Posts in Arizona, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas and Missouri until 1898. He participated in the campaign against Santiago, Cuba, in 1898, in the battle of San Juan July 1-3, 1898, and the siege of Santiago. He served in Cuba in 1901 and in the Philippines in 1905 and 1916. Colonel Dugan was appointed Brigadier General August 25, 1917, and returned to tlie States on October 3. 1917. exercising com- mand as follows: 161st Depot Brigade, 86th Division, October to December, 1917. Brigade and Field Officers School, December, 1917, to May, 1918. 169th Infantry Brigade, 85th Division, May to October, 1918. 70th Infantry Brigade, 35th Division, October to December, 1918. 35th Division, December, 1918, to May, 1919. 10th Infantry Brigade, 5th Division, May to July, 1919, 35 36 History of the Fifth Division Brigadier General Dugan went overseas with the 85th Division, in command of the 169th Infantry Brigade, and was decorated with the Distinguished Servce Medal by the Commander-in-Chief. He returned to the United States in command of the 10th Infantry Bri- gade, 5th Division, on July 26, 1919, and shortly after his arrival was relieved of that command and placed in command of the Over- seas Replacement Depot, Camp Meade, Maryland. BRIGADIER GENERAL WILLIAM C. RIVERS* Brigadier Genei'al William C. Rivers commanded the Fifth Field Artillery Brigade during the latter period of its occupation of the old St. Mihiel sector and in the Army of Occupation. He was born in Tennessee on January 11th, 1866. He entered the Mili- tary Academy at West Point in 1883, and on June 12th, 1887, was commissioned Second Lieutenant of the First Cavalry. Lieutenant Rivers was promoted to First Lieutenant of Cav- alry on August 18th, 1894, and to Captain February 2nd, 1901. Dm-ing 1903 and 1904 he was on the General Staff. Promotion to Major came March 11th, 1911, and to Lieutenant Colonel and Col- onel of Cavahy on July 1st, 1916. Colonel Rivers was promoted to Brigadier General and assigned to conmiand the Fifth Field Artillery Brigade on October 14th, 1918. On March 10th, 1919, he was relieved of command to return to the United States. *No portrait of Brigadier General William C. Rivers was available at time of publication. THE GENERAL STAFF AVliile the command of the Division is exercised by the Com- manding General, nevertheless it is impossible for one man to study, understand and execute all the details that enter into the exercise of command and leadershijj. Accordingly, to assist him in his task, the Division Commander has a group or staff of exjierts. The Commanding General concerns himself with the broader and more important questions of tactics and strategy and the military policy of his division. In order to relieve him of all details concerned with the running of the smaller units and to give him ample oppor- tunity to study the broader aspects of operations, training, adminis- trative j^olicy, etc., the Cxcneral Staff is provided. The one purpose of this staff is to assist the commander in his misson, and the whole team fimctions with the harmony and effective- ness of a theoretical single mind. Everj- phase of activity of the division comes under the General Staff' in some form or through some chain of authority. A staff officer, as such, gives no orders in his own name, luit he must be prepared to make prompt decisions and give effective orders in the name of and in accordance with the will and purpose of the Commanding General. The Chief of Staff At the head of the General Staff Group is the Chief of Staff. This officer assists his Comamnding General in the supervision and co-ordination of the command. He is the dependence of his com- mander for accurate information as to the position, strength and movements of any part of the command; the state of supply and ammunition and the facilities for their renewal; the losses that have been sutt'ered and gains that are expected; the fatigue and hardships that have been undergone; and the effective strength of the conmiand in morale and numbers. He relieves the commander of much that is unimportant and prepares matters for the decision of the commander, laying his own views frankly before him. The Chief is responsible for the whole working of the Staff, that it functions without friction and according to the regulations. The Fifth Division has had three Chiefs of Staff. Colonel Ralph E. Ingram held that position throughout the early period of organ- ization and training in the United States and in the Bar-sui'-Aube 38 The General Staff 39 area of France. Colonel Howard R. Hickok succeeded Colonel In- gram and performed the duties of Chief of Staff through the month of Jmie, 1918, and until July 18th, when he was promoted to rank of Brigadier General and relieved. Lieutenant Colonel Robert G. Peck, Division Inspector, was then detailed as Acting Chief of Staff. Throughout the major part of the Fifth Division's activities, dui-ing its oiJerations in the St. Mihiel Offensive and the Meuse- Argonne fighting and in the Army of Occupation, the General Staff has been headed by Colonel Clement A. Trott, who took up his duties on July 2J.th, 1918. For his meritorious and distinguished services as Chief of Staff of the Fifth Di\'isiori, Colonel Trott was decorated hy General Pershing with the Distinguished Service Medal, and with the Legion of Honor and the Croix de Guerre by the French Re- jjublic. Under the Chief of Staff there are three sections of the General Staff, each supervised by an Assistant Chief of Staff. The Chiefs of Sections are si^ecialists for their own departments, but are also officers of wide exjierience and tactical training and are capable of handling the work of any section in emergency. The First Section. G-1 The First Section, familiarly termed G-l, may be called the Ad- ministrative and Supply Section. The detailed duties of this depart- ment include: Sujiervision and achninistration of supply; control of tecluiical troops in construction work; responsibility for records, re- placements, supply transportation, communications, signal lines, sani- tary service, shelter, police, labor and custody of prisoners of war, traffic, evacuations, salvage, postal service, captured material, billets, comforts, bui-ial, and supervision of militarized societies. Services and technical troops furnished the G-l Section of the Division to assist in the performance of its task are as follows: 1 . Administration : The Adjutant General's Department. The Judge Advocate's Department. The Inspector General's Department. 2. Technical: Quartermaster Corjis. Medical Department. Corps of Engineers. to - [f^ o a 6 s •2 "^ ' Si ^ "^ K] fc .2 ^ t; 1^ io^^"^ s^: ^ <^ s o <1J - -s '■^ • «» 2 "e =■ eO t -^ ^ "5^ It ~ ^ e »i -JS s !*i -Si s "S ^. .