Nffi < o *V * o » o ° .^ o, ,0' ^ A^ *<* A* * V ^§§DV. ^ A> >> * ° « ° ° .V •* •VSfek** ^ a^ V »S» " if// >m \\y »S vP ^ ^J ^ ,y ***** ^o -.\. s Jell //y>''^ * *£ <■ -* "^-S^xMlJte, «- o- ."&■ "■ jf^s//'- W V^^ C^n v\ V ^x o^ <% % * * » ^ "V V ^ ,V O o > ***** v^P> ^ \ OUR FLAG "Up with our banner bright, Sprinkled with starry light, Spread its fair emblems from mountain to shore, While through the sounding sky Loud rings the Nation's cry, — UNION and LIBERTY! ONE EVERMORE.'" — Oliver Wendell Holmes. 'I % V OUR FLAG ITS HISTORY AND ITS ANNIVERSARIES TOGETHER WITH A LIST OF PATRIOTIC DAYS AND HOLIDAYS — A CALENDAR OF AMERICAN HISTORY AND THE LAWS AND ETIQUETTE OF THE FLAG THE FLAG — THE COAT- OF- ARMS — AND THE GREAT SEAL • OF THE COMMONWEALTH OF MASSACHUSETTS PREPARED BY THE SECRETARY OF THE COMMONWEALTH : „; ;;;.; " I pledge allegiance to my FLAG and to the republic for which it stands, one nation indivisible, with liberty and justice for all." / MAY 21 1917 ©CLA467052 III Illlllllllllllllllllll m - \ < #§• 19 OUR FLAG N June, 177b, a Committee of Congress, accompanied by General Washington, called upon Betsy Ross of Philadelphia and engaged her to make a model flag from a rough drawing which was modified by General Washington in pencil, and who at Betsy Ross's suggestion substituted a five-pointed star for the star of six points which was in the original draft. The model made by Mrs. Ross was adopted as the official flag of the United States by Act of Congress passed on June 14, 1777. It consisted of thirteen stripes, alternate red and white, with thirteen white stars in a blue field. The thirteen stripes denote the thirteen original colonies; its red denotes courage; its white, purity; its blue, loyalty and devo- tion; and its stars, high aspirations and federal union. It em- bodies the purpose and history of the Government itself. It records the achievements of its defenders upon land and sea. It heralds the heroism and sacrifices of our Revolutionary fathers who planted free government on this continent and dedicated it to liberty forever. It attests the struggles of our army and the valor of our citizens in all the wars of the Republic. It has been sanctified by the blood of our best and bravest. It records the glorious work of Washington and the martyrdom of Lincoln. It has been bathed in the tears of a sorrowing people. It has been glorified in the hearts of a freedom-loving people, not only at home but in every part of the world. Our flag ex- presses the will of a free people and proclaims that they are supreme and acknowledge no earthly sovereign other than themselves. Veterans, no wonder you love that flag! God give it to all of us in our hearts that we may share with you that love, that reverence, and that same spirit of willingness to die for the star-spangled banner! — From an Address by Charming II. Cox, delivered on Flag Day, iqi6, at Haverhill, Mass. [3] ... ' ■ :i :.!■ FLAG ANNIVERSARIES January 1-2, 1776. Grand Union Flag (British Union and Thirteen Stripes) hoisted over Washington's headquarters at Cambridge, Mass. This was the first real flag of the Colonies. February 8, 1776. Colonial Congressional Committee accepted naval flag, consisting of thirteen stripes, alternate red and white, with a rattle- snake diagonally across it. March 17, 1776. The first display of the Grand Union Flag in Boston was on the day that town was evacuated by the British. November 16, 1776. First foreign salute to an American flag. This was to the Grand Union Flag, and was given by the Dutch governor, DeGraaff, at the island of St. Eustatius to the brig, Andrea Doria, com- manded by Captain Robinson. June 14, 1777. First strictly American flag decreed by Congress. This flag displaced the British Union by thirteen stars, and the first flag of this design was made by Betsy Ross, at her home in Philadelphia. It contained thirteen stripes, alternate red and white, and thirteen white stars upon a blue field. June 14, 1777. Captain John Paul Jones appointed to the com- mand of the Ranger. It was Jones who first displayed the "Stars and Stripes'' on a naval vessel. It was also he who had previously first hoisted "the flag of America" on board the naval vessel Alfred in 1775. August 3, 1777. First display of the "Stars and Stripes" was over Fort Stanwix, N. Y. September 11, 1777. The American flag first carried in Battle at the Brandy wine. This was the first great battle fought after its adoption by the Continental Congress. January 28, 1778. First appearance on a foreign stronghold at Nassau, Bahama Islands. The Americans captured Fort Nassau from the British, and promptly raised the "Stars and Stripes." February 14, 1778. First foreign salute to the "Stars and Stripes." John Paul Jones entered Queberon Bay, near Brest, France, and received a salute of nine guns from the French fleet, under Admiral La Motte Piquet. Jones had previously saluted the French fleet with twenty-one guns. April 24, 1778. John Paul Jones achieved the honor of being the first officer of the American navy to compel a regular British man-of-war to strike her colors to the new flag. ..:■ FLAG ANNIVERSARIES — Continued February 3, 1783. First appearance of the American flag in a British port by the ship Bedford of Massachusetts, which arrived in the river Thames, England, on this date. September 13, 1784. First displayed in China, by Captain John Green of the Empress, in Canton River. The natives said it was as beautiful as a flower, and the Chinese continued to call it the "flower flag" for many years. September 30, 1787 — August 10, 1790. The American flag com- pleted its first trip around the world, borne by the ship Columbia, sailing from Boston. January 13, 1794. American flag changed by Act of Congress owing to two new States (Kentucky and Vermont) being admitted to the Union. The flag now had two stars and two stripes added to it, making fifteen stripes and stars. This was the "Star Spangled Banner," and under this flag our country fought and won three wars to maintain her existence, the so-called naval war with France in 170,8; that with the Barbary States in 1 801-5; and that with England in 1812-15. January 26, 1813. U. S. Frigate Essex, first war-ship to fly the American flag in the Pacific, after rounding Cape Horn. The Essex destroyed British commerce in the Pacific to the amount of six millions of dollars. Built at Salem, Mass., and launched September 30, 1709. April 4, 1818. Congress by Act, decreed a return to the original thirteen stripes, and a star for every State in the Union to be added to the flag on the July 4th following a State's admission to the Union. This is the present law in relation to the flag. August 24, 1824. The " Stars and Stripes " were raised for the first time over the cupola of the Massachusetts State House on Beacon Hill on the occa- sion of the visit of Lafayette to Boston. August 10, 1831. The name "Old Glory" given to our national flag by Captain William Driver of the brig, Charles Doggert. The flag was pre- sented to the captain, and contained 1 10 yards of bunting. It is now said to be in the Essex Institute at Salem. October 18, 1867. First official display of the American flag in Alaska. On this day, at Sitka, the capital, the Russian flag was hauled down and the American flag run up before the barracks and in the presence of both Russian and American troops. [5] pllllllllllllllllllll! PATRIOTIC DAYS IN MASSACHUSETTS Feb. 12. Feb. 22. March 17. April 19. April 27. Lincoln's Birthday. May 30. Washington's Birthday. June 14. Evacuation Day. June 17. Patriots' Day. July 4- Gen. Grant's Birthday. Memorial Day. Flag Day. Bunker Hill Day. Independence Day. OTHER DAYS ON Arbor and Bird Day. Labor Day. January 1, 1863. January 8, 181 5. January 15, 1865. February 8, 1862. February 16, 1862. February 18, 1865. March 7-8, 1862. March 9, 1862. April 3, 1865. April 3, 1865. April 6-7, 1862. April 29, 1862. May i, 1898. May 5-7, 1864. May 30, 1862. May 3 i-June 1 , 1 862. June 14, 1777. June 19, 1864. July 1, 1898. July 3( 1898. July 1-3, 1863. September 17, 1862. October 12, 1492. October 19, 1864. November 8, 1861. November 24, 1 863 . Dec. 15-16, 1864. December 20, 1864. December 20, 1620. WHICH THE FLYING OF THE FLAG IS SUGGESTED Last Saturday in April. First Monday in September. Emancipation Proclamation. Battle near New Orleans. Capture of Fort Fisher. Capture of Roanoke Island. Capture of Fort Donelson. Capture of Charleston, S. C. Victory at Pea Ridge, Ark. Battle of the Ironclads, Monitor and Merrimac. Capture of Petersburg. Capture of Richmond. Victory at Shiloh, Term. Capture of New Orleans. Battle of Manila. Battle of the Wilderness. Evacuation of Corinth. Victory of Fair Oaks. Adoption of Stars and Stripes as National Emblem. Battle between Kearsarge and Alabama. Battle of El Caney. Destruction of Cevera's Fleet at Santiago. Battle of Gettysburg. Victory at Antietam. Columbus discovered America. Battle of Cedar Creek. Evacuation of Port Royal. Battle of Lookout Mountain. Victory at Nashville. Evacuation of Savannah. Landing of the Pilgrims. PUBLIC HOLIDAYS IN MASSACHUSETTS WITH YEARS OF FIRST OFFICIAL CELEBRATION January 1 February 22 April 19 May 30 ... July 4 September, first Monday in October 12. November, by proclamation December 25 New Year's Day . Washington's Birthday Patriots' Day Memorial Day Independence Day Labor Day . Columbus Day Thanksgiving Day Christmas Day [61 1917 1857 1894 1881 1910 1856 1856 !ii";!i FLAG HISTORY The Constitution is the basis of all law and the Flag is its Symbol. The AMERICAN FLAG, the emblem of our country, is the third oldest national flag in the world. It represents LIBERTY, and LIBERTY means OBEDIENCE TO LAW. The FLAG contains thirteen stripes, alternate red and white, representing the thirteen original States; and a star for each State in the Union. 'The FIELD of the FLAG is the stripes?, the UNION is the blue and the stars. The colors of the FLAG are RED representing valor; WHITE representing hope, purity and truth; BLUE representing loyalty, sincerity and justice, and its stars, high aspirations and Federal Union. The FLAG is known as OLD GLORY, STARS AND STRIPES, STAR SPANGLED BANNER and the RED, WHITE AND BLUE. The arrangement of the stars on the FLAG is regulated by law.and executive order. An executive order, issued October 26, 191 2, provided for forty-eight stars to be arranged in six horizontal rows of eight stars each. Starting in the upper left hand corner and reading each row from left to right, gives the star of each State in the order of the State's ratification of the Constitution and admission to the Union, as follows : — First Row — 1, Delaware; 2, Pennsylvania; 3, New Jersey; 4, Georgia; 5, Connecticut; 6, MASSACHUSETTS; 7, Mary- land; 8, South Carolina. Second Row — 9, New Hampshire; 10, Virginia; 11, New York; 12, North Carolina; 13, Rhode Island; 14, Vermont; 15, Kentucky; 16, Tennessee. [7] l!II!l!lllllllllllllllllllllllllllll!il I . ^ :: i.. :'::!!'',, : Third Row — ij, Ohio; 18, Louisiana; 19, Indiana; 20, Mississippi; 21, Illinois; 22, Alabama; 23, Maine; 24, Mis- souri. Fourth Row — 25, Arkansas; 26, Michigan; 27, Florida; 28, Texas; 29, Iowa; 30, Wisconsin; 31, California; 32, Minne- sota. Fifth Row — 33, Oregon; 34, Kansas; 35, West Virginia; 36, Nevada; 37, Nebraska; 38, Colorado; 39, North Dakota; 40, South Dakota. Sixth Row — 41, Montana; 42, Washington; 43, Idaho; 44, Wyoming; 45, Utah; 46, Oklahoma; 47, New Mexico; 48, Arizona. The dimensions of the FLAG are fixed by an executive order issued May 26, 191 6. Its length should be just 1 .9 times its height. The union, or part of the FLAG on which the stars appear, should be seven stripes high and its length .76 of the height of the FLAG. The stars are five-pointed, with one point directly upward. When a new State is admitted the star is not added to the FLAG until the Fourth of July next succeeding the date of ad- mission. FLAG ETIQUETTE The FLAG should be raised at sunrise and lowered at sun- set. It may be raised at other times, but should never be left out at night, EXCEPT when it is under the fire of an enemy. On MEMORIAL DAY the FLAG should be displayed at half-staff from sunrise until noon, and at the peak from noon until sunset. In raising the FLAG to half-staff or half-mast, it should always be run to the peak and then lowered ONE BREADTH I ■ ■ ,;i ■::■ ' : ^ m 1 :" 1 : :n::;:[:ini!H::fi!:fini!F!iii!ii!M!!nniifiH[niMii[ini!!tHM ;- • mini -^ iiiininmi OF THE FLAG. In retiring it, it should first be run back to the peak and then retired. It should never be allowed to touch the ground. When the "STAR SPANGLED BANNER" is played or sung, stand and remain standing, in silence, until it is finished. When the FLAG is passing on parade, or in review, if you are walking, halt; if sitting, rise, stand at attention and un- cover. The FLAG should never be worn as the whole or part of a costume. As a badge it should be worn over the left breast. In decorating, the FLAG should never be festooned or draped. Always hung flat. If hung so stripes are horizontal, Union should be in left upper corner. If hung perpendicularly, Union should be in right upper corner. When the NATIONAL FLAG and another flag fly from same pole there should be double halyards, one for each flag. The FLAG should never be placed below a person sitting. When carried in parade, or when crossed with other flags, the STARS AND STRIPES should always be at right. When the FLAG is used in unveiling a statue or monu- ment it should not be allowed to fall to the ground, but should be carried aloft to wave out, forming a distinctive feature during the remainder of the ceremony. When the FLAG is placed over a bier or casket, the blue field should be at the head. As an altar covering, the Union should be at the right as you face the altar, and nothing should be placed upon the FLAG except the Holy Bible. The FLAG should never be reversed except in case of dis- tress at sea. i Iiliillllllllilll!llilllliillllll!ll!lll!i::<:.. iiiiilllllilllillllllllilllllllllllllllllllllilllllllllllllllillllllllllli FLAG LAWS THE FLAG OF THE COMMONWEALTH The flag of the commonwealth of Massachusetts shall bear on one side a representation of the coat-of-arms of the com- monwealth, as prescribed by section one of chapter two of the Revised Laws, upon a white field, and on the other side a blue shield bearing a representation of a green pine tree, upon a white field. (Chapter 229, Acts of igo8, as amended by Chapter 37, Acts of iQif.) THE OBSERVANCE OF FLAG DAY Resolved, That the governor shall annually set apart the fourteenth day of June as Flag Day, that date being the anni- versary of the adoption of the national flag by the continental congress in the year seventeen hundred and seventy-seven; and shall issue his proclamation recommending that the day be observed by the people of the commonwealth in the display of the flag and in such other ways as will be in harmony with the general character of the day. (Chapter 5, Resolves of ign.) THE DISPLAY OF THE NATIONAL AND STATE FLAGS ON STATE BUILDINGS The flag of the United States and the flag of the common- wealth shall be displayed on the main or administration building of each of the public institutions of the commonwealth. The flags shall be of suitable dimensions and shall be flown every day when the weather permits. The cost of such flags and of the necessary means for their display shall be paid from the appropriations for the several institutions. (Chapter 60, Acts of igog.) THE DISPLAY OF THE UNITED STATES FLAG ON SCHOOLHOUSES The school committee of every city and town shall provide for each schoolhouse in which a public school is maintained and which is not otherwise supplied, a United States flag of silk ;!;:,;:'.:!! or bunting not less than four feet in length, and suitable appa- ratus whereby the flag shall be displayed on the schoolhouse building or grounds every sehool day when the weather permits, and on the inside of the schoolhouse on other school days. Failure to observe this law for a period of five consecutive days upon the part of the master or principal in charge of the school at the time shall be punished by a fine of not more than five dollars for each period of five days of such negligence, unless such failure is caused by the school committee in not providing the said master or principal with a flag, in which case the said penalty shall be imposed on those directly responsible for the failure so to supply the said master or principal. Said penalty shall be imposed by any court of competent jurisdiction within the com- monwealth. (Chapter 232, Acts of igii.) MISUSE OF NATIONAL OR STATE FLAGS Whoever publicly mutilates, tramples upon, defaces or treats contemptuously the flag of the United States or of Mas- sachusetts, whether such flag is public or private property, or whoever displays such flag or any representation thereof upon which are words, figures, advertisements or designs, or who shall in this commonwealth expose to public view, manufacture, sell, expose for sale, give away or have in possession for sale or to give away or for use for any purpose, any article or substance, being an article of merchandise or a receptacle of merchandise or articles upon which shall be attached through a wrapping or otherwise, engraved or printed in any manner, a representation of the United States flag, shall be punished by a fine of not less than ten nor more than one hundred dollars; but a flag which belongs to a grand army post, to a camp of the legion of Spanish war veterans or which is the property of or is used in the service of the United States or of this commonwealth may have the names of battles and the name and number of the organization to which such flag belongs inscribed thereon. Words, figures, advertisements or designs attached to, or directly or indirectly connected with, the flag or any representation thereof in such manner that the flag or its representation is used to attract attention to or advertise such words, figures, advertisements or designs, shall for the purposes of this act be deemed to be upon lillllllllllllilllllillllll ^M*;mrt ■ ;::;.:!.i.;:;:i:.:ii;" .. ■W-: ill : : ■ ,:l:::i;i!i!;i;i!lll!lllllllli the flag. (Chapter 570, Acts of 1Q14.) Not to apply to publi- cations issued solely for the purpose of giving information in re- lation to the flag, or to publications issued solely for the purpose of promoting patriotism or encouraging the study of American history; but no words, figures, designs or other marks of any kind shall be placed upon the flag or any representation thereof. (Chap- ter 36, General Acts of 1916.) MISUSE OF FOREIGN FLAGS Whoever publicly mutilates, tramples upon, defaces, or treats contemptuously the flag or emblem of a foreign country at peace with the United States, whether such flag or emblem is public or private property, or whoever displays such flag or emblem or any representation thereof upon which are words, figures, advertisements or designs, shall be punished by a fine of not less than five nor more than fifty dollars. (Chapter iq?, Acts of 1912.) DISPLAY OF FOREIGN FLAGS OR EMBLEMS ON PUBLIC BUILDINGS Whoever displays the flag or emblem of a foreign country upon the outside of a state, county, city or town building or public schoolhouse shall be punished by a fine of not more than twenty dollars; but the provisions of this section shall not apply when a citizen of such foreign country becomes the guest of the United States or of this commonwealth, if the governor by proclamation authorizes the flag of the country of which such guest is a citizen to be displayed upon public buildings other than schoolhouses. (Section 6, Chapter 206, Revised Laws.) M .iiiiiiiiiiiiifiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii ;;.ii^,L::; :.., ^'i .:, '\:^ji k; ;':,::, ^ ;,'!!;.,:• CALENDAR OF AMERICAN HISTORY ARRANGED BY STEPHEN F. LITTLETON JANUARY 1, Emancipation Proclamation, 1863. 2, Georgia ratified Constitution of U. S., 1788. 3, Battle of Prince- ton, 1777. 4, Clarksville, Tenn., taken by Federals, 1863. 5, Battle of the Kegs, 1778. 6, Federal Expedition against Fort Fisher, 1865. 7, Israel Putnam, patriot, born, 1718. 8, Battle of New Orleans, 181 5. 9, Connecticut ratified Constitution of U. S., 1788. 10, Battle of Middle Creek, Ky., 1862. 11, Battle of Arkansas Post, 1863. 12, John Hancock, statesman, born, 1737. 13, Battle of Point Pierre, 181 5. 14, Congress ratifies Treaty of Peace, 1784. 15, Federals take Fort Fisher, 1865. 16, Treaty with Samoa ratified, iqoo. 17, Benjamin Franklin, statesman, born, 1706. 18, Daniel Webster, statesman, born 1782. 19, Battle of Mill Spring, 1862. 20, Commercial Treaty with Mexico, 1883. 21, Thomas J. Jackson, "Stonewall," born, 1824. 22, Massacre River Raisin, 1813. 23, Battle of Encar- nacion, 1847. 24, Benjamin Lincoln, military officer of Revolu- tion, born, 1733. 25, Battle of Hawe Creek, Fla., 1842. 26, Virginia readmitted to Union, 1870. 27, Battle at Camp De- fiance, 1814. 28, Americans retire from Cowpens, 1781. 29, William McKinley, born, 1843. 30, Electoral Commission, chosen by Congress, 1877. 31, Thirteenth Amendment to Con- stitution passes Hotise of Representatives, 1865. FEBRUARY 1, United States takes possession of Guam, i8qq. 2, Treaty of Peace with Mexico, 1848. 3, Battle at Port Royal Island, 1779. 4, Peace Congress at Washington, 1861. 5, Battle at Hatcher's Run, 1865. 6, Treaty of Alliance with France, 1778. 7, Roanoke Island bombarded, 1862. 8, William T. Sherman, born, 1820. 9, William Henry Harrison, President, born, 1773. 10, Treaty of Paris, ratified, 1763. 11, Alexander Hamilton Stephens, born, 18 12. 12, Abraham Lincoln, Presi- dent, born, i8oq. 13, Franklin argues in House of Commons, 1766. 14, Battle at Anandale, 1863. 15, Battleship "Maine" blown up in Havana Harbor, i8q8. 16, Surrender of Fort Donel- son to Federals, 1862. 17, Treaty of Peace (war of 181 2) ratified by Congress, 181 5. 18, Federals enter Charleston, S. C., 1865. 19, Freedmen's Bureau Bill vetoed, 1866. 20, Battle at Olustee Station, 1864. 21, Battle of Valverde, 1862. 22, George Washington, President, born, 1732. 23, Battle at Buena Vista, 1847. 24, "Hornet" — "Peacock" naval battle, 181 3. 25, Denmark acknowledges Independence of U. S., 1783. 26, British ships sunk at Amboy, N. J., 1777. 27, Battle at Moores Creek Bridge, 1776. 28, Battles of Chihuahua and Sacramento, 1847. 29, James Biddle, naval officer, born, 1783. [.3] llllllllljllllllllllllllllllii! lllilllllllH 1 I I IIIIII!IIIIIiIIIIIIIII!l!l MARCH 1, Texas annexation resolution, approved, 1845. 2, Battle at Fort Brooke, Fla., 1841. 3, U. S. declares war against Algiers, 181 5. 4, Constitution of U. S. went into effect, 1789. 5, Boston Massacre, 1770. 6, Philip Henry Sheridan, born, 1 83 1. 7, Battle of Pea Ridge, 1862. 8, "Congress" and "Cumberland "sunk by "Merrimac," 1862. 9, "Monitor" — "Mer- rimac" naval battle, 1862. 10, Treaty with Mexico ending war, ratified, 1848. 11, Congress passes Act to establish a navy, 1794. 12, Federals take Jacksonville, Fla., 1862. 13, Treaty with Great Britain to suppress slave trade, 1824. 14, Battle at Newbern, N. C, 1862. 15, Battle at Guilford C. H, 1781. 16, West Point Military Academy organized, 1802. 17, British evacuate Boston, 1776. 18, Stamp Act repealed by Parliament, 1766. 19, Battle at Bentonville, N. C, 1865. 20, American Army enters Boston, 1776. 21, Ku-Klux investigating com- mittee appointed, 1871. 22, Stamp Act passed by Parliament, 1765. 23, "Hornet" — "Penguin" naval battle, 1815. 24, Spain recognizes Independence of U. S., 1783. 25, Battle at Fort Stedman, Va., 1865. 26, Embargo laid on all shipping, 1794. 27, Battle of Tohopeka, 1814. 28, "Phoebe," "Cherub" and "Essex" naval battle, 1814. 29, John Tyler, President, born, 1790. 30, Battle of LaColle Mills, 1814. 31, Battle of Five Forks, 1865. APRIL 1, Battle at Woodstock, Va., 1862. 2, Richmond evacuated by Confederates, 1865. 3, Union troops occupy Petersburg and Richmond, 1865. 4, Battle at Yorktown, Va., 1862. 5, Federal siege of Yorktown, began, 1862. 6, First session of First Congress, meets at N. Y., 1789. 7, Battle of Shiloh, 1862. 8, Battle of Sabine Cross Roads, 1864. 9, Sur- render at Appomattox C. H., Va., 1865. 10, British besiege Charleston, N. C, 1780. 11, Federals take Pulaski, 1862. 12, First shot fired at Fort Sumter, 1861. 13, Battle of Bound Brook, 1777. 14, Fort Sumter evacuated by Federals, 1861. 15, Behring Sea Treaty, 1895. 16, Federals pass Confederate batteries at Vicksburg, 1863. 17, Virginia secedes from Union, 1 861. 18, Battle of Cerro Gordo, 1847. 19, Battles at Lexing- ton and Concord, 1775. 20T, War declared with Spain, 1898. 21, Siege of Boston by Americans, began 1775. 22, Admiral Sampson's fleet sails for Cuba, 1898. 23, Battle at Fort Watson, 1781. 24, British occupy Petersburg, Va., 1781. 25, Federals occupy New Orleans, 1862. 26, Confederate army under John- ston, surrenders, 1865. 27, Ulysses Simpson Grant, President, born, 1822. 28, Maryland ratified Constitution of U. S., 1788. 29, Battle at Grand Gulf, Miss., 1863. 30, Washington in- augurated first president of U. S., 1789. [14] MAY 1, Battle of Manila Bay, i8q8. 2, Battle of Chan- cellorsville, 1863. 3, Battle of Fort Brown, 184b. 4, Army of the Potomac crosses the Rapidan, 1864. 5, Battle of Wilder- ness began, 1864. 6, Americans abandon siege of Quebec, 1776. 7, Day of Thanksgiving at Valley Forge, 1778. 8, Battle of Palo Alto, 1847. 9, Battles near Spottsylvania, 1864. 10, Fort Ticonderoga captured, 1775. 11, War declared with Mexico, 1846. 12, Crown Point captured, 1775. 13, Battle at Palo Pinto, Tex., 1865. 14, Battle at Jackson, Miss., 1862. 15, Battle at New Market, 1864. 16, "President" — "Little Belt" naval battle, 181 1. 17, Battle of Big Black River, 1863. 18, Federals begin siege of Vicksburg, 1863. 19, American Fleet sails for Algiers, 181 5. 20, Articles of Union and Confederation agreed upon, 1775. 21, North Carolina secedes from Union, 1861. 22, Battle of Fort Ninety-Six, 1781. 23, Washington — Rochambeau conference, 1781. 24, Battle at Winchester, 1862. 25, Battle of Fort George, 181 3. 26, Congress declares to fortify the Colonies, 1775. 27, Assault on Port Hudson, 1863. 28, Congress authorizes a Provisional Army, 1798. 29, Battle of Sackett's Harbor, 181 3. 30, Decoration or Memorial Day (Flag half-staff until noon and full-staff until sunset). 31, Battle of Fair Oaks, 1862. JUNE 1, Battle of Cold Harbor began, 1864. 2, Philip Kearny, military officer, born, 181 5. 3, Battle of Phillipi, 1862. 4, Treaty of Peace with Tripoli, 1805. 5, Americans take Augusta, Ga., 1781. 6, Nathan Hale, patriot, born, 1755. 7, Resolutions of Independence adopted by Congress, 1776. 8, David D. Porter, born, 181 3. 9, Battle of Port Republic, 1862. 10, Battle of Big Bethel, 1861. 11, Committee appointed by Congress to draw up Declaration of Independence, 1776. 12, American Army embarks for Cuba, i8q8. 13, Fugitive Slave Law repealed, 1864. 14, American Flag decreed by Congress, 1777 (Flag Day). 15, Washington chosen commander-in-chief of Continental forces, 1775. 16, Petersburg assaulted by Federals, 1864. 17, Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775. 18, War declared with Great Britain, 181 2. 19, "Kearsarge" — " Alabama" naval battle, 1864. 20, Battle of Stono Ferry, 1779. 21, Battle of Daiquiri, Cuba, i8q8. 22, "Leopard" — "Chesapeake" naval battle, 1807. 23, Battle of Springfield, 1780. 24, Battle at Las Guasimas, 1898. 25, First of Seven Days' Battles, 1862. 26, Army of the Potomac crosses the Potomac, 1863. 27, Battle of Kenesaw Mountain, 1864. 28, Battle of Monmouth, 1778. 29, Battle at Savage's Station, 1862. 30, Battle of Glendale (Frazer's Farm), 1862. [15] iiiiii!iiiiiiiiiii!iiii!iiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiii!!!i:;ii::i : ;iiiiii;;:i!ii::;:ni!i!! !■ ' mi! ; :i!ii!;:;!ii[i!;!::!!!!i!;::ii!ii : :!ii;i;iii!E: !;!iiii!;iiii!3 asm m\ imiiii wn i'iiiii: niiii ws :: : .i; ; ;ni ;ii:i i ^ .iiiiilllilllllllllillllllllllllllllllllllllll JULY 1, Battle of Malvern Hill, 1862. 2, Battle of San Juan Hill, 1898. 3, Battle of Gettysburg, 1863. 4, Declaration of Independence adopted, 1776. 5, Battle of Chippewa, 1814. 6, John Paul Jones, naval officer, born, 1747. 7, Hawaii an- nexed to U. S., 1898. 8, French Fleet arrives, 1778. 9, Sur- render of Port Hudson, 1863. 10, Battle of Rich Mountain, 1 861. 11, British evacuate Savannah, 1782. 12, Battle at Fort Stevens, 1864. 13, "Ordinance of 1787" adopted, 1787. 14, Battle at Fayetteville, 1862. 15, Georgia readmitted to Union, 1870. 16, Stony Point captured, 1779. 17, Santiago, surrendered, 1898. 18, Battle at Fort Wagner, 1863. 19, Battle at Buffington Island, 1863. 20, Battles before Atlanta, began, 1864. 21, Battle at Bull Run, 1861. 22, Battle at De- catur, Ga., 1864. 23, Battle of Carloosahatchee, 1839. 24, John A. Dix, military officer, born, 1798. 25, Battle of Lundy's Lane, 1814. 26, "Association of Freemen of Maryland," adopted, 1775. 27, Atlantic telegraph completed, 1866. 28, Burlingame Treaty with China, 1868. 29, Battle at Sackett's Harbor, 181 2. 30, Assault upon Petersburg, 1864. 31, Terms of Parliament rejected by Congress, 1775. AUGUST 1, Third Battle at Kelly's Ford, 1863. 2, En- grossed Declaration of Independence signed, 1776. 3, Columbus sails from Palos, Spain, 1492. 4, Battle of Brownstown, 181 2. 5, Battle of Mobile Bay, 1862. 6, Battle of Oriskany, 1777. 7, Battle of Cumberland Gap, 1862. 8, Grant assumes com- mand in Missouri, 1861. 9, Battle at Cedar Mountain, 1862. 10, Battle at Wilsons Creek, 1861. 11, Battle at Independence, Mo., 1862. 12, Peace Protocol signed (war with Spain), 1898. 13, "Essex" — "Alert" naval battle, 181 2. 14, American Army enters Manila, 1898. 15, Battle at Fort Erie, 1814. 16, Battle at Bennington, 1777. 17, Louisiana Repeals Ordinance of Secession, 1868. 18, Federals seize Weldon Railroad, 1864. 19, "Constitution" captures "Guerriere," 181 2. 20, Battles at Contreras and Cherubusco, 1847. 21, Battle at Chattanooga, 1863. 22, Battle at Catlett's Station, 1862. 23, Oliver Hazard Perry, naval officer, born, 1785. 24, Battle at Bladensburg, 1 8 14. 25, American and French fleet start for Yorktown, 1781. 26, Fort Hatteras expedition, 1861. 27, Battle of Long Island, 1776. 28, Battle of Centreville, 1862. 29, Battle at Groveton, 1862. 30, Second Battle of Bull Run (Manassas), 1862. 31, Battle of Jonesboro, 1864. F16I iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii Illllllllllllllllllllllll!lllll!llllllllllllllli:!!!|i! illig "!l!!i ;i!;i iilll L:!!li; liil'iJi: 1 ! ■;■:.!'. ! :.! ,| !r!:!..:i: .: IHliiS!!!!; '. ~j SEPTEMBER 1, Battle of Chantilly, 1862. 2, Union Forces occupy Atlanta, 1864. 3, Treaty of Peace between U. S. and Great Britain, 1783. 4, Battle at Fort Harrison, 181 2. 5, First Continental Congress convenes, 1774. 6, General La- fayette, born, 1757. 7, Bombardment of Fort Wagner, 1863. 8, Battle of Eutaw Springs, 1781. 9, Federals occupy Chatta- nooga, Tenn., 1863. 10, Battle of Lake Erie (Perry's Victory), 181 3. 11, Battle of Plattsburg Bay, 1814. 12, Battle of North Point, 1814. 13, Battle of Chapultepec, 1847. 14, Battle of South Mountain, 1862. 15, Battle at Harpers Ferry, 1862. 16, Battle at Harlem, 1776. 17, Battle of Antietam, 1862. 18, Washington and DeGrasse plan siege of Yorktown, 1781. 19, Battle of Winchester, 1864. 20, Battle at Chickamauga Creek, 1863. 21, Battle near Monterey, began, 1846. 22, Battle of Fisher's Hill, 1864. 23, "Bon Homme Richard" — "Serapis" naval battle, 1779. 24, Zachary Taylor, President, born, 1784. 25, Battle near Montreal, 1775. 26, Battle of Charlotte, N. C, 1780. 27, Samuel Adams, born, 1722. 28, Fort Harrison cap- tured, 1864. 29, Americans reoccupy Detroit, 181 3. 30, Siege of Yorktown, Va., began, 1 78 1 . OCTOBER 1, Provincial Congress meets at Salem, 1774. 2, Pan-American Congress organized, 1889. 3, Battle of Cor- inth, 1862. 4, Battle of Germantown, 1777. 5, Battle of the Thames, 181 3. 6, Battle at La Vergne, Term., 1862. 7, Battle of King's Mountain, 1780. 8, Battle at Perry ville, 1862. 9, Alaska transferred to U. S., 1867. 10, Battle at Blue Springs, 1863. 11, Naval battle on Lake Champlain, 1776. 12, Colum- bus discovered America, 1492. 13, Battle of Queenstown Heights, 1 81 2. 14, William Penn, born, 1644. 15, Battle at Bristow Station, 1863. 16, Brown's insurrection at Harpers Ferry, 1859. 17, Battle at Saratoga, 1777. 18, "Wasp" — "Frolic" naval battle, 181 2. 19, British surrender at York- town, Va., 1 78 1. Battle at Cedar Creek, 1864. 20, Louisiana Purchase Treaty ratified, 1803'. 21, Battle at Ball's Bluff, 1861. 22, Battle at Fort Mercer, 1777. 23, Battle of St. Regis, 181 2. 24, Battle of Springfield, 1861. 25, "United States" — "Mace- donian" naval battle, 181 2. 26, Erie Canal completed, 1825. 27, Confederate ram "Albemarle" destroyed, 1864. 28, Battle of White Plains, 1776. 29, Port Royal expedition sails, 1861. 30, John Adams, President, born, 1735. 31, Battle at Shell Mound, 1863. Ilillliiiill'iiiii!: : :. illlllllllllllllllilllllllllllllillllllllllliliM NOVEMBER 1, Battle of French Creek, 1813. 2, St. Johns, Canada, surrenders, 1775. 3, American Army disbanded, 1783. 4, St. Clair's Defeat by Indians, 1791. 5, Last Conti- nental Congress meets, 1787. 6, Pensacola, Fla., occupied by Americans, 18 14. 7, Battle of Tippecanoe, 181 1. 8, Behring Sea Treaty signed, 1897. 9, Battle of Talladega, 181 3. 10, New Netherlands delivered to the English, 1674. 11, Battle of Chrysler's Field, 1813. 12, Boundary Treaty with Mexico, 1884. 13, Montreal surrendered, 1775. 14, Sherman begins march to sea from Atlanta, 1864. 15, Articles of Confederation adopted, 1777. 16, Battle at Fort Washington, 1776. 17, Battle of Wahoo Swamp, 1836. 18, Battle of Fishdam Ford, 1780. 19, James A. Garfield, President, born, 1831. 20, Battle of Black- stocks, 1780. 21, Congress first meets at Washington, 1800. 22, Battle at Griswold, Ga., 1864. 23, Treaty with Japan, 1894. 24, Battle of Lookout Mountain, 1863. 25, Battle at Mission- ary Ridge, 1863. 26, Ninth Continental Congress meets, 1783. 27, Battles near Mine Run began, 1863. 28, Tea ships reach Boston, 1773. 29, Battle at Knoxville, Tenn., 1863. 30, Battle at Franklin, 1864. DECEMBER 1, Siege of Knoxville raised, 1863. 2, "Mon- roe Doctrine" proclaimed, 1823. 3, Illinois admitted to Union, 1818. 4, Washington's Farewell Address to his Officers, 1783. 5, Battle of Coffeeville, Miss., 1862. 6, American Anti-Slavery Society organized, 1833. 7, Battle of Prairie Grove, 1862. 8, Washington crosses the Delaware River, 1776. 9, Battle at Great Bridge, 1775. 10, Spanish American Peace Treaty, signed, 1898. 11, Federals cross the Rappahannock, 1862. 12, Penn- sylvania ratifies Federal Constitution, 1787. 13, Battle of Fred- ericksburg, 1862. 14, Charleston, S. C, evacuated by the Brit- ish, 1782. 15, Battle of Nashville, 1864. 16, Boston Tea Party, 1773. 17, Embargo established by Congress, 181 3. 18, Thir- teenth Amendment to Constitution, ratified, 1865. 19, Ameri- can Army goes into Camp at Valley Forge, 1777. 20, Savannah, Ga., evacuated by Confederates, 1864. 21, Pilgrims land at Plymouth, 1620. 22, Embargo Law passed, 1807. 23, Battle of Econochaca, 181 3. 24, Treaty with Great Britain, 18 14. 25, Battle of Okeechobee, 1837. 26, Battle of Trenton, 1776. 27, Battle at Occoquan, 1862. 28, Battle of Chickasaw Bayou, 1862. 29, Constitution captures Java, 181 2. 30, Gadsden Treaty approved, 1853. 31, Battle of Stone River began, 1862. iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iii!!ii:i:iii!:iii^ IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllllllllllllllllllillllillHIl SEAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH COUNCIL RECORDS, WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER I3TH, 1780. Ordered, That Nathan Cushing, Esqr., be a committee to prepare a Seal for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, who reported a device for a Seal for said Commonwealth as follows, viz.: SAPPHIRE, an Indian, dressed in his Shirt, Moggosins, belted proper, in his right hand a Bow, Topaz, in his left an Arrow, its point towards the Base; of the second, on the Dexter side of the Indian's head, a Star, Pearl, for one of the United St;.- America. CREST. On a Wreath a Dexter Arm clothed and ruffled proper, grasping a Broad Sword, the Pummel and Hilt, Topaz, with this motto: Ense petit placidam Sub Libertate Quietem. And around the Seal: Sigillum Reipublicse Aiassachusettensis. Advised that the said Report be Accepted as the Arms of the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts. THE ARMS AND GREAT SEAL OF THE COMMONWEALTH The arms of the commonwealth shall consist of a shield having a blue field or surface with an Indian thereon, dressed in a shirt and moccasins, holding in his right hand a bow, and in his left hand an arrow, point downward all of gold; and, in the upper corner of the field, above his right arm, a silver star with five points. The crest shall be a wreath of blue and gold, whereon, in gold, shall be a right arm, bent at the elbow, clothed and ruffled, with the hand grasping a broadsword. The motto shall be "Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem."* The coat-of-arms as drawn and emblazoned under the direc- tion of the secretary of the commonwealth in the year eighteen hundred and ninety-eight and deposited in his office shall be the official representation of the coat-of-arms of the common- wealth of Massachusetts, and all designs of said coat-of-arms for official use shall conform strictly to said representation. The great seal of the commonwealth shall be circular in form, bearing upon its face a representation of the arms of the commonwealth encircled with the inscription, "Sigillum Reipub- licae Massachusettensis." The colors of the arms shall not be 19. : : :: .: an essential part of said seal, but an impression from a seal engraved according to said design, on any commission, paper or document shall be valid without the use of such colors or the representation thereof by the customary heraldic lines or marks. The seal of the commonwealth in use in the office of the secretary of the commonwealth when this act takes effect shall be the authorized seal so long as its use may be continued. (Chapter 2, Revised Laws.) No person or private corporation shall use the arms or the great seal of the commonwealth, nor any representation thereof, for any advertising or commercial purpose whatever. (Chapter iq5, Acts of 1903.) * The motto is the second of two lines written about A.D. 1659 by Algernon Sydney, the famous English patriot, in the Book of Mottoes in the King's library at Copenhagen, Denmark. The com- plete phrase is : — .... Manus haec inimica tyrannis Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem. It was adopted in 1775 by the provincial congress, when we were at war with England, and was in- tended as a message to England. It is a peaceful motto and means, "By the sword we seek peace, but peace only under liberty." The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, Secretary of the Commonwealth. lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllilllillllllilillllllli .!illll!l!!llllil!ll!!lll COAT-OF-ARMS OF THE COMMONWEALTH MOTTO "Ense petit placidam sub libertate quietem." By the sword toe seek peace, but peace only under liberty. Ill llllllllllllllll!lllllll!lllllll!ll!lll!llillll!ll!!llllllllllllll!lll!llllll!llll :i!:i!:lllllllllllli!llllll!lllll|i|||||III!lli!llllllllliilllllll!lll!M FLAG OF THE COMMONWEALTH (REVERSE) = I Illllllllllllllllliillllllllllllllillllllllll II II IIIIIIIIIIII liiiim . . iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii THE FLAG GOES BY By Permission of The Youth's Companion." • • Hats off! Along the street there comes A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums, A flash of color beneath the sky ; Hats off! The flag is passing by. Blue and crimson and white it shines, Over the steel-tipped, ordered lines. Hats off! The colors before us fly ; But more than the flag is passing by. Sea-fights and land-fights, grim and great, Fought to make and to save the state ; Weary marches and sinking ships, Cheers of victory on dying lips; Days of plenty and days of peace, March of a strong land's swift increase; Equal justice, right, and law, Stately honor and reverend awe; Sign of a nation, great and strong, To ward her people from foreign wrong ; Pride and glory and honor, all Live in colors to stand or fall. Hats off! Along the street there comes A blare of bugles, a ruffle of drums, And loyal hearts are beating high. Hats off! The flag is passing by. — Henry Holcomb Bennett. M ■V ~i> --\ - of . ^ V 1 ■^ ° " ° A 'oV V 4 °^ ^ v ^ V V ■^ v > ^o« * ^. ^ aP-v • ***** /Jffec- ^ / -^w^. ^ > ' •^ V o *P^* ~o ^°^ 9; /** t tf * 8 » '. ° *b • 0° ■> t • v ' ^ Iff: |P^K O^ 'o. , « A. <* . ' . . i ■ .O' „* 6 n^o^ .V V>UN0j» ^ ■M ———————