Ab hh^ S V-C L^XpOSI' LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 0D00flSTSb5fl ♦ :jo;s2SJ5cajJggcicgigita3;tgg< {I LIBRARY OF CONGRESS, f PD (.it Chap. T5 I She/f _._.F 3. C'ji^ c* c< j UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. ^] Compliments of California World's Fair Commission Kindly acknowledge receipt to T. C. JUDKINS (Late Secretary) Flood Building, San Francisco. Cal. FINAL REPORT CALIFORNIA WORLD'S FAIR COIMISSION INCLUDING A DESCRIPTION OF / ALL EXHIBITS FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, COLLECTED AND MAINTAINED UNDER LEGISLATIVE ENACTMENTS, AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION CHICAGO, 1893. STATE OFFICE, SACRAMENTO: A. J. JOHNSTON, SUPT. STATE PRINTING. 1894. \. [caufornTa] I^QJ:M.BXM|x"PQSj"TjO"^^ Official Souvenir Badge for California, at World's Columbian Exposition, 1893. [Description on page 67.] .^^ vP' h \ CONTENTS. Page. LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL 1 GOVERNOR'S LETTER OF ACKNOWLEDGMENT 4 REPORT 6 LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS FOR EXHIBITS AT CHICAGO— COUNTY FUNDS— TOTAL OUTLAY BY CALIFORNIA 6 APPOINTMENT OF COMMISSIONERS AND ORGANIZATION 8 PRELIMINARY WORK— TESTING CONSTITUTIONALITY OF ACT— SE- LECTING SITE FOR CALIFORNIA BUILDING 8 WORK OF SECURING EXHIBITS 10 BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS 11 THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING AT CHICAGO 11 FINAL DISPOSITION OF BUILDING. 13 EXHIBITS MOVED TO CHICAGO— INSTALLATION, ETC 13 AGGREGATE OF SHIPMENTS — FREIGHT RATES — EXHIBITS RE- TURNED.. 14 CLASSIFICATION OP EXHIBITS 15 EXHIBITS, ETC., IN CALIFORNIA BUILDING 18 Interior Effect and Decorations of State Building 18 State Fish Exhibit — Description of. 20 "The Examinee" Exhibit — Description of 20 Placer Cottnty Exhibit — Description of 21 Shasta County Exhibit — Description of ".. 23 Pampas Plume Palace— Description of 23 Alameda County Exhibit — Description of 24 San Mateo County Exhibit — Description of 25 Sacramento County Exhibit — Description of 26 State Relief Map — Description of 27 Butte County Exhibit — Description of 28 Humboldt County Exhibit — Description of 29 Santa Clara County Exhibit — Description of 31 State Agricultural Exhibit— Description of 32 State Viticultueal Exhibit — Description of 34 San Francisco County Exhibit— Description of 35 State Mining ExHiBiT^Description of 37 State Horticultural Exhibit — Description of 39 Tehama County Exhibit- Description of 42 Fresno County Exhibit— Description of 43 Kern County Exhibit — Description of 44 Exhibits by Southern California World's Fair Association— Descrip- tion of 46 Santa Barbara County Exhibit— Description of 47 Ventura County Exhibit — Description of 48 San Diego County Exhibit — Description of 48 Los Angeles County Exhibit — Description of _.. 49 Orange and San Bernardino Counties Exhibits— Description of... 60 Miscellaneous Exhibits, S. C. W. F. Association— Description of.. 51 "San Francisco Chronicle" Exhibit — Description of 52 Art Department — Description of.... 53 Woman's Department— Description of 55 iv CONTENTS. EXHIBITS, ETC., IN CALIFORNIA BUILDING— Pagb. State Wood and Forestrt Exhibit — Description of _. 60 Wells, Faego & Co.'s Exhibit— Description of..- 61 State Historical Exhibit — Description of 63 State Educational Exhibit— Description of 64 Miscellaneous Exhibits, Etc — Description of 66 State Book, "Resources of California" — Description of _. 67 Trees and Plants around California Building — Description of 68 CALIFORNIA IN DEPARTMENT OR NATIONAL BUILDINGS 71 In the Agricultural Building 72 In the Horticultural Building 73 Viticultural Exhibit in Horticultural Building 76 In the Mines and Mining Building 78 In Fish and Fisheries Building 80 In Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building (Educational Exhibit).. 81 In Forestry Building 83 In Woman's Building (California Reception Room) 85 Outdoor Exhibits — Trees and Plants in Open Court, Nursery, Etc 86 SPECIAL OCCASIONS AND EXERCISES 88 Dedication of California Building. 88 Banquet to Governor Markham.. 94 California or Admission Day 95 Miscellaneous Receptions, Meetings, Etc 98 COMMENTS OF THE PRESS, ETC 101 COMMENTS OF VISITORS 113 LIST OF AWARDS — 115 Department of Agriculture.. 117 Department? of Horticulture 118 Department of Viticulture 120 Department of Floriculture.. 122 Department of Live StocIc 122 Department of Fish and Fisheries 123 Department of Mines and Mining 123 Department of Machinery 124 Department of Transportation 124 Department of Manufactures 124 Department OF Electricity 124 Department of Liberal Arts _ 125 Department of Liberal Arts (Educational) 125 Department of Ethnology 127 Department of Forestry 127 LIST OF EXHIBITORS AND EXHIBITS 128 AGRICULTURE < State Building 128 I Agricultural Building .... 130 T-r , „ ( State Building 132 Horticulture ,' ° ( Horticultural Building 133 ,. ( State Building 141 Viticulture - ^^ ^. ,^ ^"^^ „ ,. (Horticultural Building 142 m -n .^,^^ ( Around State Building 143 Trees and Plants i' „ ,. ,, , ^ ^ ^ v ..^ ( In Horticultural Court and Nursery 145 Fish i State Building 147 '( Fisheries Building 148 ,, T>r , T^ ( State Building . 149 Mines and Mining ' *= Mines and Mining Building 156 Education ^ State Building 164 ] Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building 165 Wood and Forestry State Building 166 1 Forestry Building.. 167 Art Department. (State Building) 168 CONTENTS. V LIST OF EXHIBITOHS AND EXHIBITS— Page. Historical Department. (State Building) 170 Woman's Department. (State Building) 171 Alameda County. (State Building) 173 Butte County. (State Building) 174 Fresno County. (State Building) 175 Humboldt County. (State Building) 179 Kern County. (State Building) -. _. 180 Los Angeles County. (State Building) 182 Orange County. (State Building) 185 Placer County. (State Building) 188 Sacramento County. (State Building) 189 San Bernardino County. (State Building) __. 192 San Diego County. (State Building) 194 San Francisco County. (State Building) 195 San Mateo County. (States Building) 196 Santa Barbara County. (State Building) 196 Santa Clara County. (State Building) 198 Ventura County. (State Building) . 200 ^ Wells, Fargo & Co. (State Building) 203 Miscellaneous Exhibits in California Building 204 CONDENSED LIST OF ALL CALIFORNIA EXHIBITORS (PRIVATE AND OTHERWISE) AT CHICAGO 205 FINANCIAL REPORT 210 LIST OF OFFICE ASSISTANTS, MANAGERS, ETC 233 GENERAL INDEX 235 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. Opposite Page. Agricultural Exhibit, Agricultural Building 72 Agricultural Exhibit, California Building 32 Alameda County Exhibit, California Building.. ..- 24 Art Gallerj'^, looking eastward, California Building 56 Art Gallery, looking westward, California Building... 54 Art Gallery, West end of, California Building 92 Bean Pagoda, California Building. 47 Butte County Exhibit, Northern section of, California Building 28 Butte County Exhibit, Western section of, California Building 110 California Building, East entrance 96 California Building, General view of, with portion of grounds. Frontispiece. California Building, from the northeast 6 California Building, from the southeast 88 California Building, Interior of, from Middle Gallery, looking northward 16 California Building, Interior of, from North Corridor, looking southward 18 California Building, Interior of, from under Dome, looking northward 12 California Building, Interior of, from under Dome, looking southward 10 California Building, Interior of. Glimpse from South Corridor... 92 California Building, South front of. 92 California Building, Plan of Gallery Floor 1 California Building, Plan of Ground Floor _.. 1 California Room in Woman's Building 86 Certificate of Membership used by World's Fair Associations 100 Citrus Exhibits, General view of. Horticultural Building 73 Date Palm, under Dome of California Building 10,12 Date-bearing Palm, at east entrance, California Building 100 Decorations, Natural, in California Building 114 Educational Exhibit, California Building 66 El Caj on Valley Exhibit, Horticultural Building 52 Electric Album, California Building 102 Eschscholtzia or Poppy Room, California Building 60 Fish Exhibit, Section of. Fisheries Building 108 Fresno County Exhibit, California Building 42 Fruit for Free Distribution, California Day 98 Grain Mosaic of Ceres, etc., California Building 110 Historical Exhibit, California Building 64 Horticultural Exhibit, California Building... 108 Humboldt County Exhibit, California Building... 29 Kern County Exhibit, California Building 44 Liberty Bell, in Oranges, Horticultural Building 90 Liberty Bell, First Ringing of, on California Day 94 Map of Grounds of World's Columbian Exposition 71 Marshall Statue, California Building 104 Mining Exhibit, California Building 38 Mining Exhibit, Front of, Mines and Mining Building 78 Mining Exhibit, Interior of, Mines and Mining Building 80 Missions, Paintings and Model of, California Building... ._ 108 Olive Oil Tower, California Building 46 Orange Tower, Horticultural Building 74 Orange Globe, California Building _ 50 LIST OF ILLUSTKATIONS. Vll Opposite Page. Ostriches, California, in Midway Plaisance 114 Painting, "My Wife's Lovers," California Building 92 "Palace of Plenty," etc., of Southern Cal. World's Fair Ass'n, California Building. 68 Pampas Plume Palace, California Building 22 Placer County Exhibit, California Building 20 Poppy Room (Woman's Department), California Building 60 Produce Exchange Exhibit (San Francisco), California Building 106 Prune Horse, California Building 104 Pyramid of Fruits in Glass, California Building 51 Pyramid of Raisins, California Building 48 Relief Map of Alameda County, California Building -. 68 Relief Map of State of California, California Building 116 Rialto Bridge, California Building 44 Riverside Citrus Fruits, Horticultural Building 106 Roof-Garden. California Building 8 Sacramento County Exhibit, California Building 26 San Diego Citrus Fruits, Horticultural Building 52 San Francisco Room, California Building, Exterior view of 36 San Francisco Room, California Building, Interior view of 37 San Mateo County Exhibit, California Building .-. 25 Santa Clara County Exhibit, California Building 30 Semi-Tropical Plants, Mound of, California Building 108 Sequoia Gigantea, or "Big Tree," in U. S. Government Building 102 Shasta County Exhibit, California Building 23 Souvenir Badge - iii Statuary, Group of, on Woman's Building 100 Statue of "California," front view, California Building 14 Statue of "California," side view, California Building - 104 Tehama County Exhibit, California Building 40 Turret on California Building, showing Tile Roof 100 Viticultural Exhibit, California Building 34 Viticultural Exhibits, Horticultural Building. 76 Walnut Tower, Horticultural Building 104 Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Exhibit, California Building 62 Woman's Department (State), General view of, California Building 58 Woman's Booth (Southern counties), California Building 52 Wood and Forestry Exhibit, Section of, California Building 94 Wood and Forestry Exhibit, Exterior of, Forestry Building 82 Wood and Forestry Exhibit, Interior of. Forestry Building.. 84 LETrER OF TRANSMITTAL San Francisco, Cal., June 12, 1894. To Hon. H. H. Markham^ Governor of California : Sir: We have the honor to submit herewith our final report as mem- bers of the California World's Fair Commission, charged under law with the " expenditure of all moneys appropriated by the State of Cali- fornia for the construction of buildings and maintaining an exhibit of the products of the State of California, and for the purpose of properly representing the State of California at the World's Columbian Expo- sition, to be held in the city of Chicago, State of Illinois, in 1893." Experience has demonstrated the wisdom of the Legislature of 1891 in making a direct appropriation of so large a sum as $300,000, and also providing for appropriations by county Boards of Supervisors, for the purpose of displaying the products of California at Chicago. These provisions afforded an opportunity for the State to justify her claims to preeminence as the producer of the greatest number of commodities that contribute to man's necessity or comfort, and that, too, within the inclosures of the greatest Exposition ever held, and before an assemblage of people of every civilized country — an assemblage which, owing to the strained relations between many nations of other continents, was pos- sible only upon American soil. With the single exception of that for Illinois, the California building was the largest State building on the Exposition grounds. While main- taining a distinct exhibit in nearly all of the department or national buildings, such as the horticultural, mining, agricultural, and forestry, the State displayed in her own building so extensive an aggregation of her products that it was often referred to collectively as " California in miniature," and as an " Exposition in itself" Indeed, owing to her prominence as an exhibitor, and the active efforts of her representa- tives to display her products in a novel manner, and at the same time render assistance to the Exposition as a whole, visitors found the word "California" an "open sesame," admitting them quickly to chiefs of departments and other authorities, and to semi-official social gatherings, and insuring marked consideration by executive commissioners of other States and nations. It is voicing only current comment to say that no other appropriation ever made by this State has so promptly yielded such large direct and indirect returns. It was hardly to be expected that products, especially fresh fruits and vegetables, could be transported two thousand miles and exhibited in as fresh condition as on their native soil, but the efforts proved more than satisfactory. While a few Californians may have experienced disap- pointment at the general showing, before the work of installation was completed. Eastern and foreign visitors, for whose benefit the display was chiefly made, were not only astonished, but impressed in a prac- CAST ENTRANCE GROUND PLAN of CALIFORNIA BUILDING. GALLERV PLAN OF CALIFORNIA BUILDING. 2 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. tical manner that was most gratifying. Careful note was kept of press notices of California's exhibit, and not a single adverse comment thereon was ever seen in an Eastern or foreign newspaper, nor was a word of unfavorable criticism ever heard from a visitor outside of our own State. As appears from letters filed with office documents transmitted herewith, the highest officials of the World's Columbian Exposition and of the- National Commission, together with the chiefs of departments and exec- utive commissioners of the different States, speak in unqualified praise of California's representation at Chicago. By the press California was uniformly cited as a model of what enterprise, coupled with favorable- climatic conditions, can accomplish. The accompanying report embraces a brief statement of the initiative- work in collecting and forwarding the California exhibits; a description of said exhibits after they were installed at Chicago, both in the Cali- fornia Building and in the several department buildings, and in the- out-door areas set apart for orchard stock and semi-tropical plants; a financial statement of expenditures of the Commission, itemized in such a manner as to show clearly for what purposes the disbursements were- made and to whom the money was paid; a few pages of typical com- ments on the California exhibit by the Eastern and foreign press and by prominent officials; a complete list of exhibitors and exhibits in all buildings and areas where displays were maintained under the auspices of this Commission; an official list of awards secured by the State, by counties, associations, and individual Californians; a report of the formal exercises on " Dedication Day," etc. The financial report shows, an unexpended balance of the original appropriation of $20,365 38, which amount is herewith returned to the State. A carefully matured plan providing for certain outlays had been formulated early in the history of the Exposition. As the months passed it was found that increased expenditure would add little, if any, to the great benefits already derived; and it was therefore deemed advisable to return to the State such moneys as could be saved by careful manage- ment. We desire to avail ourselves of this opportunity to express our hearty thanks and appreciation for the constant and helpful interest shown by you in all matters pertaining to the collection and maintenance of California's exhibit. Your suggestions in the preliminary stages of the work were extremely valuable, while you left entirely to us the super- vision and details, "believing," as you have publicly stated, "that the interests of the people would be better subserved by placing the manage- ment absolutely in their [our] hands, untrammeled in any manner." Your action in visiting Chicago, to be present at the dedication of the California Building on June 19th, and formally accepting it, on behalf of the State,. in an address that admirably set forth the products and resources of our great commonwealth and what she has done for the nation, aided in further calling public attention to the California display and heighten- ing the enthusiasm that was so widely manifested during this event. Your careful subsequent study of the contents of this building, and of exhibits from California in the great department buildings, as well as your conferences with officials of the Exposition, proved your loyalty to the State and to the best interests of her people, while it afforded us gratifying assurance of your appreciation of the results of our efforts. To President T. W. Palmer, of the World's Columbian Commission; REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 3 President H. N. Higinbotham, of the World's Columbian Exposition; Geo. R'. Davis, Director-General; John Boyd Thacher, Chairman of the Executive Committee on Awards; Mrs. Potter Palmer, President of the National Board of Lady Managers; to members of the National Com- mission, especially the California members, M. H. de Young, Mark L. McDonald, and Wm. Forsyth; to the chiefs of departments at Chicago, and other officials with whom we and our representatives came in contact; to the executive commissioners and other officers of the different States and foreign nations; to representatives of Eastern and foreign newspa- pers; to these and countless numbers of appreciative visitors, we return our sincere thanks, as representatives of the State, for courtesies shown and assistance rendered. Especially do we desire to tender our grateful acknowledgments to the officers and members of the several County World's Fair Associations of California, and to their representatives in Chicago, for the zeal, industry, and public spirit shown in connection with securing and maintaining an adequate display of California products and materials; to the press of the State for publishing circulars, bulletins, local news, and editorial comments tending to promote public interest in the California exhibit; to officers of the several public bureaus and institutions of the State; to firms, individuals, and associations who either prepared exhibits to be forwarded or aided in securing the same; and to one and all, wherever located, who directly or indirectly contributed to the most successful State exhibit at the largest and grandest Exposition the world has ever seen. All of which is respectfully submitted. IRVING M. SCOTT, President, JAMES D. PHELAN, Vice-President, R. McMURRAY, A. T. HATCH, S. W. FERGUSSON, L. J. ROSE, W. P. MATHEWS, Members of the California World's Fair Commission. T. C. JuDKiNS, Secretary. EEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. GOVERNOR'S LETTER OF ACKNOWLEDGMENT. Executive Department, ) Sacramento, Cal,, June 16, 1894.J Hon. Irving M. Scott, President California World^s Fair Commission, and Members thereof: Gentlemen: I have the honor to acknowledge receipt of the final report of your Commission, under date of June 12, 1894. I can say in all sincerity that no legislative enactment ever received a more willing acknowledgment from my hands than the Act providing for this Commission. Permit me to say that I was so impressed with the importance of having California's marvelous resources well represented at that great Exposition, that in my inaugural address to the Legislature I expressed to that body, in plain language, my appreciation of the opportunity afforded us to display to the world California's superior advantages as a State. That Legislature should be commended for its prompt, earnest, and efficient action upon the subject, and for the liberal appropriation made to carry out the provisions of the Act, thereby setting an example not only for every State in the Union, but, as I believe, to nearly every country in the world. In fact, I have been credibly informed by many of the leading promoters of that great fair, that the action of California in this respect has caused the name of our State to be favorably men- tioned in almost every part of the globe. She was the first to act, and but two States in the Union, Illinois and New York, exceeded her liberality. For enterprise according to her population, she stood pre- eminently above all others. The spirit of pride for California that permeated so many counties of the State, is also worthy of my highest commendation, for their intelli- gent and earnest efforts gave to our exhibit that completeness and sym- metry which enabled California to derive more substantial and lasting benefits from the Exposition than any other State in the Union has received. It is apparent to the most casual observer that she has thus won a signal victory over a multitude of competitors. The bill passed by the Legislature imposed upon me but one impor- tant duty, that of appointing the members of the Commission, and in my biennial message I placed myself upon record by saying that " it was my desire to appoint representative men who could devote both time and talent in the interest of the State. The personal standing of my appointees in the communities in which they reside, and their reputa- tion throughout the State for energy and ability, assured success for California at the Exposition. I have never entertained a doubt upon that subject." After the appointments were made, I met you, and in a few words conveyed to you my ideas and my faith in your ability to execute the REPORT OF WORLD S FAIR COMMISSION. 5 trust without interference on my part, sincerely believing that you would the better perforin your duties by giving you my confidence, and allow- ing you to assume all responsibilities, and earn in your own good way the credits accruing from the proper exercise of that trust. Your labors have now been brought to a close, and it gives me great pleasure to say that the trust reposed in you has been intelligently and assiduously prosecuted to a successful termination. True to yourselves, you have been loyal to the State. Its interests have been carefully guarded, a large amount of money has been judiciously expended, and the people of our great 'State may well feel proud of its representation. They must, however, realize that the great national financial crash fell upon you in the midst of your most eflScient work, and that its baleful consequences still a fleet all industries. Nevertheless, the beneficial results of your eflbrts have been made apparent by the hundreds of sub- stantial visitors to our State during the last year, and the large number that have chosen this State for their permanent home. I am confident that the future will add immeasurably to the good that has already been accomplished. I cannot close this acknowledgment of your labors without thanking personally each member of the Commission, for the interest bestowed in bringing the purposes of the Act to so honorable a conclusion, and I congratulate myself in having selected citizens who were so willing to leave their private interests and serve the public weal without any hope of reward except that which is conferred by the success of their work. H. H. MARKHAM, Governor. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS. LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS FOR EXHIBITS AT CHICAGO COUNTY FUNDS — TOTAL OUTLAY BY CALIFORNIA. The official authority for the acts of the California World's Fair Commission, in securing and maintaining an exhibit of the products of California at the World's Columbian Exposition at Chicago, May 1, 1893, to October 30, 1893, is embodied in the following Act of the Legislature, passed at the session of 1891: CHAPTER XXXVIII. An Act appropriating money to pay the expenses of maintaining an exhibit of the products of the State of California at the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held in Chicago, in eighteen hundred and ninety-three, and to provide for Commissioners thereof. [Approved March 6, 1891.] The People of the State of California, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows : Section 1. It is made the duty of the Governor of the State of California, within thirty days after the passage of this Act, to appoint seven Commissioners, at least one from each of the congressional districts of the State, who shall constitute the "Cali- fornia World's Fair Commission," which Commissioners shall be taken, as near as may be, from the two leading political parties of the State of California. Said California World's Fair Commission shall have the exclusive charge and control of the expendi- ture of all moneys appropriated by the State of California for the construction of build- ings and maintaining an exhibit of the products of the State of California, and for the purpose of properly representing the State of California at the World's Fair Columbian Exposition, to be held in the city of Chicago, State of Illinois, in eighteen hundred and ninety-three. Each of said Commissioners shall execute and file with the Secretary of State, within thirty days after his appointment by the Governor, a good and sufficient bond in the sum of $20,000, made to the people of the State of California, which bond must be approved by the Governor. Said bond shall be conditioned for the faithful performance by said Commissioner of all the duties enjoined upon him by this Act. Sec. 2. Said Commissioners shall receive no compensation for their services, but they shall be allowed their actual traveling expenses, not exceeding $2,000 each. Sbc. 3. The sum of $300,000, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appro- priated out of any moneys in the State Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to meet the expenses of erecting buildings and collecting and maintaining an exhibit of the products of the State of California at the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held in Chicago in eighteen hundred and ninety-three, one half to be expended in the forty- third fiscal year, and one half to be expended during the forty-fourth fiscal year; and the Controller is hereby directed to draw his warrant on the General Fund, from time to time, for such proportion of said sum of $300,000, and in favor of such persons, as the majority of said Commissioners hereinabove referred to shall direct, and the State Treasurer is hereby empowered and directed to pay the same. Sec. 4. This Act is exempted from the provisions of Section 672 of the Political Code. Sec. 5. This Act shall take effect and be in force from and after its passage. The same Legislature, in revising the County Government Act, wisely incorporated therein the following clause, which authorized the several counties of the State to make appropriations for World's Fair purposes, the expenditures of the moneys so appropriated to be under charge of persons appointed or approved by the different county Boards of Supervisors: Sec. 25, Sub. 40. To appropriate from the General Fund of the county, for the purpose of securing and maintaining an adequate exhibition of the products of such county at the World's Columbian Exposition, to be held in Chicago in the year eighteen hundred REPORT OF WORLD S FAIR COMMISSION. i and ninety-three, as follows: In couoties of the first class, not to exceed $50,000; in •counties of the second, third, and fourth classes, not to exceed $40,000, and in all other classes in the State of California not to exceed $7,500. Under this provision, San Francisco County was authorized to appro- priate $50,000; Ahxmeda, Los Angeles, and Santa Clara Counties $40,000, -and all other counties in the State $7,500 each. Twenty-three counties took advantage of the special law, nineteen of which maintained distinct exhibits in the California Building at Chicago. The Legislature of 1893 made further provision for funds for county purposes. A special Act was passed, in terms almost identical with the clause just quoted, with the exception that counties of the first class were authorized to appropriate not to exceed $25,000; counties of the second, third, and fourth classes not to exceed $20,000 each, and all other counties in the State not to exceed $7,500 each, in addition to former appropriations. Up to date of this report, only three counties, ■San Diego, Fresno, and San Bernardino, have taken advantage of this latter authorization. Under both provisions the Boards of Supervisors of the following named, counties appropriated and expended the sums indicated below for the purpose of making an adequate display of the products of their respective counties: Alameda County . $35,000 Butte County 5,300 Fresno County 8,500 Humboldt County 5,000 Kern County 7,500 Lake County _• 100 Los Angeles County . 30,000 Merced County 1,000 ■Orange County __ 5,000 Placer County. -- 6,000 Plumas County 800 Riverside County - 3,000 Sacramento County 5,500 San Bernardino County 12,500 San Diego County. .- 15,000 San Francisco County.-- -. 9,995 San Luis Obispo County 3,180 San Mateo County 3,250 Santa Barbara County 6,000 Santa Clara County 28,000 Shasta County 3,000 Tehama County 2,380 Ventura County 7,500 Total $203,505 In several of the counties the sums appropriated by the Supervisors were largely increased by subscriptions, etc. Kern County reports the largest single subscription, $5,000, being by the Kern County Land Company. Taking the State appropriation of $300,000, and the aggregate appro- priations by the counties of $200,000, gave California a total fund of more than $500,000 to defray expenses of securing and maintaining an ■exhibit of her products, etc., at Chicago. This sum does not include the legislative appropriations of $25,000 for a State book and $2,500 for expenses pertaining to the California Room in the Woman's Building, nor outlays by private or independent exhibitors. O REPOET OP WORLD S FAIR COMMISSION. APPOINTMENT OF COMMISSIONERS, AND ORGANIZATION. In March, 1891, John Daggett, of the First Congressional District; Robert McMurray, of the Second Congressional District; A. T. Hatch, of the Third Congressional District; Irving M. Scott, of the Fourth Congressional District; James D. Phelan, of the Fifth Congressional District; L. J. Rose, of the Sixth Congressional District, and Thomas H. Thompson, of the Seventh Congressional District, received official notifi- cation of their appointment as members of the California World's Fair Commission to carry out the provisions of the general Act previously quoted. Within a few days after the receipt of their appointments, the members of the Commission met in San Francisco, conferred on the scope of the work, outlined a general plan of action, and perfected for- mal organization by electing officers as follows: President, Irving M. Scott; Vice-President, James D. Phelan; Secretary, Thos. H. Thompson. In April, 1892, Mr. Thompson resigned as a Commissioner, S. W. Fer- gusson, of Bakersfield, being appointed in his stead. The former was then elected by the Commission as Secretary and General Manager, and in the supervision of the preliminary work performed much valuable service. His connection with the Commission ceased in February, 1893,. and soon afterwards Dr. N. J. Bird, of San Francisco, was elected Gen- eral Manager and C. M. Wells, of Los Angeles, Secretary. Dr. Bird resigned in August, and H. A. Brigham, of San Francisco, was named as his successor. Mr. Wells resigned June 30th, and T. C. Judkins, of San Francisco, who had been serving as Assistant Secretary, was chosen in his stead. Commissioner Daggett, having been appointed Superin- tendent of the U. S. Mint at San Francisco, tendered his resignation to the Governor in May, 1893, and in the same month W. P. Mathews, of Tehama County, was appointed to succeed him. PRELIMINARY WORK — TESTING CONSTITUTIONALITY OF ACT — SELECTING SITE FOR CALIFORNIA BUILDING. While the Commission was engaged in maturing plans for the best method of displaying the products of California at Chicago, and was arranging for World's Fair auxiliary organizations throughout the State, the constitutionality of the Act of the Legislature appropriating money to defray the expenses of the exhibit was questioned by the State Con- troller, and a suit to decide the matter was brought in July. The decision of the Supreme Court, upholding the constitutionality of the Act, was not rendered until November 2, 1891, and thus active work was delayed for nearly eight months. In the meantime, however, experience had shown the desirability and even necessity of the Commissioners visiting Chicago in order to famil- iarize themselves with their privileges, responsibilities, and duties, to understand clearly the scope of the exhibits in the department or national buildings, and to ascertain how California could best contribute to these departments while, at the same time, maintaining a display of products in her own proposed State building. A more important object was that of selecting an eligible site for the building within the large space reserved for State buildings in Jackson Park. All members of the Commission proceeded to Chicago early in June, 1891, made a crit- ical examination of the grounds, and held numerous conferences with REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 9 Exposition officials, especially with the chiefs of the several depart- ments. The site originally selected for California by the National Commis- sioners was rendered unavailable by the final decision of the World's Columbian Exposition to erect thereon an Art Building. After a care- ful examination of other sites, in company with W. I. Buchanan, Chief of the Department of Agriculture, Dion Geraldine, Assistant Superin- tendent of Construction, R. Ulrich, Assistant Landscape Gardener, and D. H. Burnham, Supervising Architect, an area of about five acres was chosen on the western side of Jackson Park, near the Fifty-ninth Street entrance. The approval of Frederick Law Olmsted, Landscape Gar- dener, being necessary, a committee, consisting of Commissioners Scott, Phelan, McMurray, and Rose, proceeded to Brookline, Mass., where Mr. Olmsted then was, and prevailed upon him to assign the site to Cali- fornia, but he deemed it necessary to restrict the space to about two and one half acres. Later, a strip forty feet wide was taken from the west side of the space for the intramural railway; but, through the active efforts of National Commissioner M. H. de Young, of California, this was compensated by a grant of additional space to the north, which gave a larger and much desired eastern frontage. As finally determined, the lot had nearly the form of a right-angled triangle, with a length of 680 feet from north to south, and a width of 297 feet at the northern end — an outward curve along its eastern side taking the place of the hypothe- nuse. Colorado occupied the space adjoining northward; Wisconsin, Indiana, and Illinois, sites across an avenue eastward, while the Woman's Building stood on an area southward, beyond the Fifty-ninth Street entrance. The decision of the Commissioners, emphasized during this visit to Chicago, to erect the proposed State building with a view to utility rather than comfort, and to combine under one roof a display of all California products, so that visitors might there see California in minia- ture, led to far-reaching and beneficial results. After the close of the Exposition it was found that nearly all State executive officers, whose buildings had been constructed as semi-club houses, with a view to receiving friends and guests rather than displaying products, expressed regret at the small practical results from their outlays, compared to what might have been attained had but little space been devoted to reception-rooms and the greater portions utilized for exhibition purposes. At these early meetings in Chicago it was decided that, in order to display to best advantage the vast number and variety of California products, the exhibit in the State building should as a general thing be classified in conformity with the classification adopted by the Exposi- tion officials for the department buildings. It was further decided that, in order to give the State as large a representation as possible, the Commission should strongly encourage the making of displays in the department buildings, and render to exhibitors all reasonable assist- ance. It was held, however, that owing to the provisions of Section 22 of the State Constitution, that no money shall be drawn from the State Treasury for benefit of associations, etc., not under the exclusive man- agement of the State, no direct financial assistance could be given to individual exhibitors who retained control of their exhibits in Califor- nia and at Chicago. It was also decided that to secure the best results, in accordance with the classification adopted by the Columbian author- 10 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. ities, the members of the Commission should be constituted committees of one, as follows: On Topography, Geology, and Forestry, Commis- sioner Daggett; Mines and Minerals, Commissioner McMurray; Horti- culture, including fruits, oils, nuts, vegetables, and flowers, Commis- sioner Hatch; Machinery and Shops, Commissioner Scott; Art, Litera- ture, Education, and objects of Historical Interest, Commissioner Phelan; Wines, Mineral Waters, Live Stock, and Fish, Commissioner Rose; Agriculture, Commissioner Thompson. When Mr. Thompson resigned as Commissioner, and S. W. Fergusson was appointed in his stead, the latter was placed in charge of Agriculture; also when Commissioner Daggett resigned, W. P. Mathews, by virtue of his office, assumed general charge of Forestry, etc. WORK IN SECURING EXHIBITS. On returning from Chicago, the work of securing exhibits was pros- ecuted with renewed vigor. The Commission at once took steps to form World's Fair Associations in the different counties in the State, it being deemed advisable to place in the hands of these associations the detail of collecting and preparing creditable exhibits of the products of each county. The plan proved so successful that it was adopted in a some- what modified form by several other States, the system being known and recognized as " the California plan." In these States, however, the change was made too late to secure the maximum of beneficial results. As a rule, the officers of the county associations were men of unusual intelligence and activity, and the results of their efforts, combined with those of other enterprising residents and companies in the different counties, were fully apparent in the splendid displays at Chicago. At one time there were thirty-five organized County World's Fair Associa- tions, out of a total of fifty-four counties in the State. A few of these associations disbanded, after having made unsuccessful efforts to secure appropriations from their Boards of Supervisors toward defraying, even in part, the expenses of a separate county exhibit; but the majority kept at work nobly. Three attempts were made, in different parts of the State, to combine a number of counties into district associations; but only one, the Southern California World's Fair Association, main- tained its organization. Among plans adopted to stimulate interest in World's Fair exhibits were the following: Employing and encouraging lecturers to visit im- portant centers; sending out energetic and active canvassers to different portions of the State; giving financial aid to a monthly magazine, devoted exclusively to California's proposed exhibit at Chicago and, in- cidentally, to World's Fair news in general; issuing directly, by the Commission, World's Fair notes or bulletins. These bulletins were issued weekly for six months prior to September, 1892, and after that date as often as circumstances appeared to warrant. An effective stimulus to the collection and preparation of exhibits was the decision to hold what was afterwards known as the Preliminary World's Fair Exhibit of California. This was arranged by the Commis- sion, in conjunction with the Trustees of the Mechanics' Institute in San Francisco, the latter agreeing to forego their annual fair for one year. The largest cash premiums ever offered in the State for a display of products proved a strong inducement to different county organiza- ^•*^v K.;^^*^'^ Under Dome of California Building, looking South. Date Palm 123 years old and 50 feet high, in center. (Page 19.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 11 tions to complete their exhibits at an early date. The result was that several counties secured premiums enough to reimburse them in a large measure for previous outlays in collecting a World's Fair display. From all portions of the State the donations and collections of merito- rious articles intended for exhibition at Chicago were brought together under one vast roof, constituting the most complete and varied showing of the State's resources and productions that had ever been seen. The display was further beneficial in affording an opportunity to arrange the products in an effective way, to institute comparisons with other exhibits and, by such comparison and study, to decide on the very best methods of installation at Chicago. The results of the Exposition, where all articles from California were given the maximum of effective- ness by means of novel designs, showed the wisdom of holding the pre- liminary exhibit, which took place in the Mechanics' Pavilion, San Francisco, from January 10 to February 11, 1893. BOARD OF LADY MANAGERS. Exposition ofiicials and other State Boards having found the work performed by Boards of Lady Managers very efficient, this Commission, on January 16, 1892, took formal action toward creating a Board of Lady Managers for California. Seven members were appointed by the Commission, one for each congressional district, as follows: First Con- gressional District, Mrs. Anna Morrison Reed, of Laytonville; Second District, Mrs. Virginia S. Bradley, of Nevada City; Third District, Mrs. Amelia M. Marsellus, of Alameda; Fourth District, Mrs. Ella Sterling Cummins, of San Francisco; Fifth District, Mrs. E. 0. Smith, of San Jose; Sixth District, Mrs. Olive C. Cole, of Los Angeles; Seventh Dis- trict, Mrs. Flora M. Kimball, of San Diego. Permanent organization was effected May 1, 1892, by the election of Mrs. Smith as President; Mrs. Kimball, Vice-President; Mrs. Marsellus, Second Vice-President; and Hester A. Harland, Secretary — the latter retaining her position until the ofiice of the Commission was moved to Chicago. The follow- ing California members of the National Board were made ex officio members of the State Board: Mrs. James R. Deane, Mrs. P. P. Rue, Mrs. I. L. Requa, and Mrs. Frona Eunice Waite. In the prosecution of their duties much interest and activity were shown, not only in features relating directly to an exhibit of woman's work, but in all matters bearing upon World's Fair features in general. The results of their efforts are given elsewhere. Mrs. Cole resigned as a member of the Board in April, 1893, and in July of the same year Mrs. Amanda P. Wiggins of Los Angeles was appointed in her stead. THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING AT CHICAGO. The erection of a suitable building in Jackson Park to fitly represent the State was given most careful consideration by the Commission. As early as January, 1892, advertisements were inserted in leading San Francisco newspapers, soliciting plans for a State building, and stipu- lating that they should be of the Mission and Moorish types, as these would be distinctive and typical of the earliest architecture known in California. Premiums were offered for the accepted design, and for the second, third, fourth, and fifth next best designs. A large number of 12 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. California architects competed, and so excellent was their work that it was difficult to make a selection. Finally, the plan submitted by A. Page Brown of San Francisco was adopted, the premium for the sec- ond best design being awarded to B. McDougall & Son, and for the third best to J. C. Pelton, Jr., both of San Francisco. As completed, the California Building was rectangular in form, and from two to three stories high, the extreme length being 435 feet^ from north to south, with an extreme width of 144 feet. The height of the first story was 1 8 feet, and the minimum height of the second story 1 7 feet. From the ground to the eaves was 50 feet, to the center of the roof, 65 feet, and to the top of the central dome, 113 feet. On top of the roof, between the dome and the ends of the building, were two skylights, each 110 by 36 feet. The building was a frame one, having the exterior walls coated with " staff " — a mixture of fiber and rough cement of a light gray tint — which proved a successful imitation of adobe. The roof was covered with red tiles similar to those in use on the old Mis- sions. There were eight bays, or towers, on the building — two at each end and four surrounding the dome — all of them being 80 feet high and surmounted with flagstaffs, from which waved during the Exposition the national standard, California bear flag, and large banners repre- senting California scenes in mining, agriculture, horticulture, etc. In general, the towers were designed after the Mission belfries. Under the roofed arcades surrounding the glass interior of the dome, and on a level with the roof of the main building, was a space of about 2,500 square feet; and immediately outside of this was a larger area, forming a wide promenade, of about 7,500 square feet. These spaces together formed what was known as the " Roof Garden." There being about 60,000 square feet of space on the ground floor, 40,000 on the second, or gallery floor, 10,000 on the Roof Garden, and approximately 1,500 on what may be termed the section of a third story, under the roof at the south end, it made a total of 111,500 square feet, or about 2^ acres of floor space for the entire building. It was the largest State building on the Exposition grounds, with the single exception of that for Illinois. Visitors at Chicago deemed it highly appropriate that the California building should be of the distinctive Mission style, with only such con- cessions as were necessary to relieve the otherwise somber effect. One of the main factors in achieving the latter result was the large central dome, especially after the surrounding space was filled with palms, orange and lemon trees, and other tropical plants. Contrary to the popular belief, the building was not designed after any single Mission, but was a composite, embracing a few features of many. The design of the southern end of the building, with its classic pediment and col- umns, recalled the beautiful old Mission at Santa Barbara; the main gable of the principal eastern facade recalled the mission of San Luis Rey; the towers, San Luis Obispo and other missions; but they were not absolute copies. There was nothing in the Mission architecture to suggest a roof-garden, therefore the architect adopted the Moorish treat- ment and detail. The building was embellished by the richly molded windows over the arched entrances, and by lines of grace and beauty wherever opportunity oflered. The main or ground floor was used en- tirely for exhibition purposes, as was also the greater amount of space on the second floor, or gallery. The offices of the Commission were grouped in the northeast wing of Under Dome of California Bi-ildixg. looking North. Date Palm to right. (Page 19.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 13 the latter floor, in such a way as to command a view of the whole in- terior. The space in the section of a third story referred to was utilized as lodging-rooms for custodians, etc., while the "Roof Garden" served as a cafe, or restaurant, established largely with a view of promoting the use of California fruits and wines. On either side of the main eastern entrance were elevators to convey visitors to the upper floors. The cost of the building, including gas and electric light fixtures, plumbing, etc., was about $106,000. FINAL DISPOSITION OF BUILDING. Much encouragement was given the Commission late in the summer to hope that our profier of the building to the South Park Commission- ers of Chicago for museum purposes, and especially for the ethnological and anthropological displays, would be accepted. Its acceptance was recommended by the chief of the department most directly concerned, but it was finally declined, owing to the acknowledged necessity that a building to permanently contain rare and valuable articles for museum purposes should be more durably constructed than this or other Expo- sition buildings. An agreement entered into between this Commission and the execu- tive officers of the World's Columbian Exposition stipulated that Cali- fornia should be given the free use of the tract allotted to her, but that her building should be removed at the expense of the Commission, and the grounds restored to their original condition for park purposes, by May 1, 1894. In order to carry out this agreement, the Commission early took steps toward effecting a sale of the building, occupation to begin after the close of the Exposition. The first bids secured indicated that not only would there be no salvage from the building, but its re- moval would require a large outlay by the Commission. Renewed efforts were then made to efl'ect a sale before all other State and foreign build- ings should be thrown upon the market. Bids were solicited from house-wreckers in Cincinnati, New York, and Detroit, besides those of Chicago. The competition thus engendered caused a gradual reduction in price. The bids submitted, and which are now on file in the office records, ranged as follows, the figures given being the amounts that con- tractors expected the Commission to pay them for the work of removal: $13,671, with an allowance of $815 for material in the building; $9,200, with $1,500 allowance for material; $7,500 net; $6,175, with an allow- ance Of $1,700 for material. Competition continued to reduce the bids, until one was received offering to pay the Commission $500 for the building. This offer was accepted, and a release from the proper officials is now on file, showing that the structure has been entirely removed and the grounds restored to the required condition. EXHIBITS MOVED TO CHICAGO — INSTALLATION, ETC. The work of collecting exhibits having been completed as far as time and circumstances would permit, shipments to Chicago began to be made in March, 1893, and continued thereafter at regular intervals until about May 15th, although by far the greater number reached there before May 1st, when the Exposition was formall}^ opened. The entire office force and employes selected to aid in caring for exhibits, 14 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. etc., reached Jackson Park about April 1st, but found that, owing to- inclement weather and other causes, the contractors had not sufficiently completed the building to permit exhibits to be installed therein. Cali- fornia, however, was further advanced in the line of installation than most of the States represented, and work being pushed with renewed vigor, the opening day of the Exposition found her ready to receive such visitors as manifested a special desire to see and study her products,, although it was deemed advisable to temporarily defer throwing open the doors to the public, in order to hasten the arrangement of exhibits. On that day the Californians attended the formal opening ceremonies- and unfurled to the breeze flags from the many flagstaffs on her build- ing, at the moment that President Cleveland touched the electric button which started the machinery and announced to all nations that the World's Columbian Exposition had begun. Early in May the California Building was thrown open to all comers,, and from that day to the close of the Exposition her exhibits were the marvel of every visitor who was not already acquainted with the- variety and wealth of her resources. Additions to exhibits were made from time to time, increasing their novelty and effectiveness. It is worthy of note that every county in California was represented in the building, either in the State collective or in the county displays.. AGGREGATE OF SHIPMENTS FREIGHT RATES EXHIBITS RETURNED. So far as inquiry at Chicago could determine, no other State in the Union shipped to the World's Columbian Exposition so many carloads of exhibits as California. Two or three States forwarded a portion of the constructive material for their buildings, which necessarily called for many cars; but aside from that, the aggregate of shipments hardlv compared with that from this State, notwithstanding California is the most western of all States and the farthest removed from the site of the Exposition. A compilation from official records shows that there were shipped to Chicago by this Commission 84 full carloads and 22 partial car.loads, or a total of 106 cars. Besides this, about 35 full carloads of fresh fruits- for renewals were sent by county associations. Still further, the State- Commission and a number of counties, especially those in tiie northern part of the State, made arrangements with difi'erent fruit unions and wholesale commission merchants, whereby the smaller consignments of fruit were shipped through these agencies and delivered at California headquarters after reaching Chicago. An approximate estimate of the- amount thus received by the counties and for the State horticultural exhibit, gives 50 carloads and 15 partial cars, making a grand total of 156 carloads and 37 partial cars as the quota of display material for- warded under State and county auspices. If placed in a continuous line, these shipments would make a solid trainload of exhibits about a mile in length, or fill a large-sized sailing vessel. This does not include shipments from California by firms or individuals who maintained exhibits under their own names and at their own expense. At an early date the railroads forming the Transcontinental Asso- ciation agreed on a full tariff rate from Pacific Coast points to Chicago on all articles to be exhibited at the Exposition; also, that after the close of the Exposition said articles should be returned free to the "Statue of California "—California Building. (Page 19.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 15 several starting points, provided they had not changed ownership. As the larger number of articles from California were likely to be of such a character that they would not be returned — such as horticultural, agricultural, floricultural, and other products — the California Commis- sion took steps to secure a modification of the special rates established. Personal interviews were had with the officials of different railroads,, and letters and telegrams were sent urging the granting of, at most, a one half regular tariff' rate to Chicago on articles of a perishable nature,, or which, from their character, would not be returned. After several conferences the railroads agreed to modify their rulings in accordance with our request, and a new circular was issued by the Transcontinental Association, providing that the following commodities could be carried to Chicago at one half the regular tarifi" rates: Agri- cultural products; horticultural products; floricultural products; forest products, including maps, statistics, drawings, and photographs not advertising any individual trade; specimens — botanical, fossil, and mineral; samples of cereals and grasses; fish for aquarium or museum; building material used in construction of exhibition buildings, or build- ings for exhibition, compartments, or exhibition stands; stone; woman's fancy needlework or articles of feminine manufacture, loaned for exhi- bition; old Indian canoes, pack saddles, and similar relics of early frontier life; wild animals. As the larger part of California's exhibit consisted of horticultural, agricultural, and floricultural products, which were not returned, the modified ruling effected a large saving in freight bills. Had it not been for the California Midwinter International Exposition,. which began in San Francisco early in 1894, the aggregate of commodities reshipped would have been exceedingly small; but inasmuch as it would have been practically impossible to arrange here on so short notice an adequate display of California's products, especially fruits in solution, dried and preserved fruits, etc., the Commission exercised a liberal policy in paying freight on return shipments, practically agreeing to send back all exhibits, of whatever nature, that county and department managers felt assured would be needed for display purposes. The result was that twenty-seven carloads were returned, thereby contributing greatly to the success of the fair and maintaining the credit of the State. CLASSIFICATION OF EXHIBITS. The various articles in the California Building were installed under two general heads: State exhibits and county exhibits. It was the original intention of the Commission to have all displays in the building collective; that is, that there should be a certain allotment of space for •mining, another allotment for horticulture, another for agriculture, etc.,. and that the exhibits from the counties should be placed therein, after being separated into departments and groups, and proper credits given. Later, however, after a conference with county representatives, and especially after a State Convention of County World's Fair Associations, called by the Commission for the purpose of consulting on the best methods of securing and displaying exhibits, it was decided to make in this building, first, a general or collective classification, and second, a county classification of exhibits. The change was made with a view of 16 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. securing the best results with the least expense, and later experience proved the wisdom of the modification. It is only a statement of fact to say that no other State could have so effectively combined a county classification with its general classifica- tion, since no other possesses so widely different conditions for the favor- able growth of products, which conditions may be briefly enumerated thus: California includes the lowest as well as the highest land in the United States, varying from 300 feet below the level of the sea to nearly 15,000 feet above; mountains steep, rugged, and almost alpine in their glacial fields, and plains on which ice is unknown and where not a flake of snow has been seen within the memory of man; regions where the rainfall is so great as to keep the slopes comparatively drenched, and depressed or arid spots where from year to year hardly a cloud flecks the sky or a drop of rain falls, but which, under the marvelous eflects of irrigation, are transformed into comparative gardens; forests so dense as to be almost impenetrable, and plains so wide that not a native tree can be seen. The State has a larger area than that of New York, Penn- sylvania, Maryland, and Virginia combined; has inland regions large enough for empires, while boasting of a coast line more than 850 miles in length, which if transferred eastward would extend from Boston, Mass., to Savannah, Ga., or cover the seacoast of eleven Atlantic States. Altitude and latitude, however, would avail but little, had not the pro- nounced topographical outlines of the State been placed by nature in such relations as they bear to certain great oceanic currents, especially the warm Japan current of the Pacific, which combine to give the State a climate varying from that of the tropics to that of the frigid zone, and so wonderful in its effects on soil products as to constitute a govern- ing factor in all real estate valuations. In the more favored regions of California, Nature has raised up mountain chains of such height, such longitudinal direction, and at such distances from each other, as to make the inclosed valleys, under the effect of a climate possessing abundant heat, continuous sunshine, and dry air, a virtual succession of conservatories large enough for empires. It was with a knowledge of these varied conditions that the Califor- nia World's Fair Commission agreed to a county classification in addi- tion to the general one. In arranging details it was required that the counties applying for space give ' a plan of their exhibit, drawn to a scale, with a statement of the general character of the display proposed. At the same time it was insisted that they agree, in the interest of the State, to contribute to the general classification, when called upon to do so by the Commission. In the general classification, counties and indi- viduals making contributions were given due credit therefor in labels, catalogues, etc. There was thus an harmonious exhibit of California horticulture, floriculture, and viticulture; its forest products, mining, and agriculture; its art, educational, and religious progress; its fish, and objects of historical interest. In the county classification, each county received a reasonable allotment of space, commensurate with the amount of money raised for its exhibits and the success attending efforts to make complete and novel displays. In this space each county was entitled to make a compact showing of its products, under such rules and regulations as the Commission deemed wise and just. Both classifications were under the general supervision of the Commission, but the wishes of the county representatives were complied with as far ^ c 05 t=j 2^s KEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 17 as was consistent with good order and the making of an harmonious display. As the. Exposition progressed, the county managers proved in general so active and efficient, that even the few restrictions were largely removed, the trust imposed being violated in no material instance. Taking the actual space occupied on both floors of the building, the areas were almost equally divided between State and county exhibits. Applications for space in the State building, filed by counties, dis- tricts, firms, and individuals, had been received so rapidly before going to Chicago, that the amount of material offered was found sufficient to fill a building more than twice as large as the one erected. An intelli- gent discretion was therefore exercised to sift the offerings in such a manner as to raise the standard of quality. Incidentally it may be stated that the requests and demands formally made on the Commission in writing, by associations and individuals, for financial aid in pre- paring exhibits, aggregated nearly $630,000, or more than twice the total amount appropriated by the Legislature for the collection and maintenance of the California exhibit at Chicago. Besides this, there were many other applications for aid in furtherance of different enter- prises and schemes that did not ask for a specific sum, but if recognized would have amounted to many thousands more. 2w 18 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. EXHIBITS. ETC., IN CALIFORNIA BUILDING. INTERIOR EFFECT AND DECORATIONS. The general effect of the interior of the building was aptly described by one of the leading illustrated Eastern journals in these words: " The general impression of the visitor upon entering California's great building at the fair is one of tropical luxuriance and vastness. The great golden globe of oranges; the statue of California, bearing upon her brow the star of empire; the statue of heroic size of James W. Marshall ^ the discoverer of gold in California; the towering form of the horse and rider made of prunes; the pampas plumes and palm leaves everywhere; and above all the towering palm tree under the center of the dome, with fountains playing about its base, combine to give an impression wholly different from that given by any other State building, and only to be compared in novelty and variety to the exhibits of far eastern countries in the great Exposition." The scheme for interior decorations was novel, and elicited much favorable comment. Owing to the size and peculiar construction of the building, it was found impossible, after reaching Chicago, to carry out as fully and successfully as desired the decorative plans outlined before leaving San Francisco, but the results were fairly satisfactory. The idea was to represent different eras of the State's progress, and use our native palms, grasses, tree growths, etc., to produce a semi-tropical effect, together with a suggestion of the wildwood. Palm leaves, pampas plumes, oak boughs, pine cones, and native grasses — all shipped from California — formed the main features of the decorations, being combined with admirable taste by Miss Mary D. Bates of San Francisco, who designed and supervised the work. Above the gallery railings were several large canvases, illustrating early Indian life, the mining era, agricultural era, floriculture, viticult- ure, horticulture, etc. About these paintings were grouped respectively Indian trophies; the pick, shovel, and other mining implements used in the early days; grain, cornstalks, farming implements, etc., all worked in with pine cones, branches of cedar, etc. Above the second floor, near the south entrance of the building, was a large canvas, on which appeared in gold letters these words, written by a California editor in reference to the admission of the State into the Union: "They sought her. They wooed her. They won her. They placed her, the brightest jewel that now gleams in the coronet of Columbia." Above the bridge across the south end of the north gallery, was a large painting of a California bear. On one side of the canvas appeared a long banner, containing the word " California," neatly lettered in gold, while on the opposite side was a banner of equal size on which was inscribed "Esto Perpetua." Around these, and on the pillars support- ing the roof, were palm fronds, oak boughs, and other natural decora- tions, enlivened with the brilliant orange of the California poppy. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 19 Where the main and cross galleries formed a complete inclosure about the great central date-palm, there were laid along the railing large, odd-shaped branches of oak and manzanita, from which drooped long native mosses. On these branches at suitable distances were perched a half-dozen peacocks, brought from California, while among the twigs and mosses were numerous bear flags. Rising hence, the pillars of the dome were so decorated as to resemble growing palms, tufts of leafy bamboo, and. great bunches of pampas grass. Hanging from the windows of the roof-garden above, down into the rotunda, were a number of light baskets termed " air-castles," filled with palm leaves, eucalyptus in seed, and pampas plumes. The combined effect was so suggestive of the wildwood that during the summer birds sought to make homes in the moss-covered branches. Suspended from the beams that formed a portion of the frame of the building were a number of great baskets or Chinese fish-trays freighted with palms, California poppies, and a variety of semi-tropical growths. Garlands of evergreen leaves and branches were caught up here and there to the trusses at uneven heights; while potted plants and Califor- nia wildflowers were placed in unoccupied spaces and wherever they would be most effective. Perhaps the most striking feature of all in the decorative line was the gigantic date-palm tree in the middle of the building, directly under the dome. It was grow^n in Mission Valley, San Diego County, from a seed planted by Junipero Serra about the year 1770, and was therefore 123 years old. This tree, undoubtedly the oldest and largest of its kind ever seen in this country outside of California and possibly Florida, stood about fifty feet high. With its root-attachments it weighed about 45,000 pounds, and required two cars for its transportation to Chicago. It was however replanted so successfully that it soon began to put forth shoots and repair its disheveled crown with new verdure. In its place of honor it was inclosed in a triple-terraced basin of delicate pottery, a donation from Gladding, McBean & Co. of Placer County. Little jets of water were continually playing between the sections of the ter- race, lending not only beauty to the scene, but serving to keep moist the encircling ferns and callas. Under the center of the southern sky-roof was a grouping of palms, small orange and lemon trees, small redwoods, and miscellaneous trop- ical plants, resembling a conical embankment. Under the north sky-roof, on a pedestal covered with fan-palms and foliage plants, stood Rupert Schmid's majestic " Statue of California." The figure was that of a young girl, emblematic of the youth of the State, in the act of stepping forward, every trait well studied and each detail suggestive of the progressive commonwealth. Her silken robe, arranged in modern style, was decked with stars and various sea-plants found on the Pacific Coast; her waist, embroidered with calla lilies; her zone adorned with shells and the head of a sea-lion. In her right hand she held forth an olive-branch, emblem of peace, while her left clasped the American flag and a shield bearing the seal of the Golden State. Her hair, falling loosely as if stirred by zephyrs, was wreathed with blossoming corn and California poppies. Her face was bright and cheer- ful, the regular features typifying the beauty of the land she represented. A golden horse-shoe formed her necklace, and, as Queen of the Pacific, she wore above her liberty-cap a golden, jeweled diadem. At her feet 20 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. lay a grizzly bear, the emblem of the State, and a profusion of wheat, grapes, and California fruits, symbolizing plenty. Other notable works of statuary were found elsewhere in the building. Near the east entrance was a large and uncommonly fine specimen of a stuffed grizzly bear, loaned by A. W. Morgan of San Francisco. Front- ing the State agricultural space was a puma or California lion, well mounted, loaned by E. M, Price of Calaveras County, while over the arched entrance to the San Francisco room was a beautiful sea-lion's head, contributed by C. H. Thompson of San Francisco. STATE FISH EXHIBIT. In entering the building through the wide eastern portals, the State fish exhibit was seen to occupy the wall space between the triple arches. It consisted of about fifty flexible casts of food-fishes of the State, admir- ably modeled, colored to the life, and mounted on separate wooden plaques, each one being labeled with the scientific and popular names of the species represented. They were so durable, withal, that after months of exposure to the persistent fingering of thoughtless visitors, they showed but little defacement. Prominent ichthyologists incline to the belief that models thus prepared will retain their shape, size, and color for decades, and even a century or more. Before deciding on this particular method of display, the Commission made a study of all known methods, especially of the different solutions claimed to retain the natural color of fish. After careful investigation and correspondence and some outlay in the line of experiments, they concluded to adopt the process used by the U. S. Fish Commission at Washington, D. C., and strongly recommended by the Chief of the Com- mission. President David Starr Jordan, of the Leland Stanford Jr. University, who has a world-wide reputation as a scientific ichthyologist, kindly proffered, without remuneration, his own services and those of Prof. Charles H. Gilbert, of the same university, in superintending the collection of the specimens and forwarding them to the maker, S. F. Denton, at Wellesley, Mass. The fish were collected from representa- tive waters of the State, such as Monterey, San Pedro, San Francisco Bay, Sacramento River, McCloud River, Lake Tahoe, etc., and included salmon, perch, mackerel, cod, surf-fish, carp, flounder, skate, drum-fish, bass, rock-fish, herring, sturgeon, smelt, shad, halibut, ray, queen-fish, Jew-fish, barracuda, trout, sea crawfish, etc. The cost of preparing the casts averaged about $20 each, and the total cost, including expenses incident to collection, packing, expressage in ice to Massachusetts, and return expressage to Chicago, about $35 a specimen. "the examiner" EXHIBIT. • Turning to the right, in making a circuit of the building, the first space northward (26^ by 9 feet) was occupied by the San Francisco "Examiner." Here were matrices and other technical articles showing the methods of printing a great daily newspaper, besides piles of the special "Columbian World's Fair" edition, issued in June, 1893; also regular issues of the paper for subscribers and visitors. The special edition comprised 124 pages, and was stated to be the largest paper ever printed. The pages were of the usual eight-column form, the REPORT OF WORLD'S FAIR COMMISSION. 21 edition consisting of half a million copies. The first and last pages of the cover contained handsome colored lithographs, the former showing a female figure, typical of California, strewing roses broadcast and wel- coming visitors to the Golden Gate. Among special articles descriptive of California and her resources were the following: A history of the State, a description of the California missions, fruit growing in Cali- fornia, the raisin and wine industries, native flora, irrigation, and min- ing. Twenty pages were given to a description of the fifty-seven counties of the State. One exceedingly instructive feature was a full-page map of California, showing the areas especially adapted to horticulture, agri- culture, mining, and other industries. There were pages of literary articles by early and recent California authors, together with poems, songs, and stories by men and women recognized in their respective spheres. A page of winter scenes in California, depicting orange groves, gardens of roses, palm gardens, etc., in contrast to mountain scenes in the higher altitudes of the Sierra, showed the wide range of our climate and vegetation. Much space was given to telegraphic replies from a number of the most famous men of the world to the pertinent question, "What is the chief value of international expositions?" Governor Markham and other prominent men of this State contributed, by request, answers to the question, " Why I came to California and why I stay in California." There were pages devoted to the scenic charms of the State, including a careful description of the Yosemite Valley and all mountain and seaside resorts. The educational interests of the State were fittingly described. Other special articles, together with numerous illustrations, aided in making the edition one of great value. PLACER COUNTY EXHIBIT. To the north of the " Examiner" space was the Placer County exhibit, occupying an area about 80 feet long and 15^ feet wide, or a total of 1,240 square feet. The pillars that supported the gallery were connected at the top by archways of delicate fret-work, giving the impression to one at a distance that the space was subdivided into three or four separate compartments. On the semi-circular faces of the arches were suspended rows of pine cones varying from the size of an egg to those of the sugar pine, twelve inches or more in length. Festoons of grains and grasses hung from the fret-work, while large glass cases, inclosing wheat, oats, barley, flax, corn, etc., in the sheaf and on the stalk, were placed against the sides of the pillars. There were also festoons of grains over and around the windows that commanded a view of the opposite buildings and grounds. There were eight tables, each 12 feet long, in the rectangular space, all placed crosswise, with aisles of convenient width between them, and an aisle running lengthwise near the windows. Two of the tables were higher than the others, having glass-paneled sides in which were ex- hibited threshed grains, etc. On all of the tables were terraced shelves of light material, supporting jars of fruit and vegetables. These jars were of all sorts and sizes, there being a few 38 inches long and 12 inches in diameter. The larger ones were admirably utilized as recep- tacles for great branches of prunes,- pears, oranges, figs, grapes, and cherries, the fruit appearing as fresh and ripe as when on the trees. 22 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Several of the branches showed leaves, buds, and sometimes half-grown fruit, side by side with that fully ripe. Nearly every variety of orchard fruit grown in the State was repre- sented in this display. One exhibitor showed fourteen varieties of peaches; another a variety of grapes, of almost every known color — green, purple, golden, wine, and black; still another showed clusters of figs so compact as to resemble bunches of grapes. In general, the solu- tions used as preservatives proved successful in retaining the natural color of the fruits. The exhibits of dried fruits, sugar, and mountain honey were also meritorious. The showing of cereals was large, and included grain in bags, flour in commercial packages, also pulse and seeds in inverted bottles. One sheaf of wheat measured 7 feet 11 inches in height, and a sunflower 12 feet. Of nuts there was an abundant supply, including almonds, chestnuts, pecans, hazlenuts, and three varieties of walnuts. B,ottled wines and brandies, raisins, olive oil, and pickled olives were shown in goodly quantities. The display of vegetables covered a wide range of these products, while collections of soils, native woods, minerals, and geolog- ical specimens did not fail to interest visitors. There was little attempt at artistic design in the installation of the different exhibits, the manager preferring, as he said, to depend on their solid merits. Desk room for the manager and assistants, and chairs for guests, besides pamphlets (for general distribution) descriptive of the resources of the county, were provided at the southern end of the area. Among several different silk banners that hung over the displays, was one reading: " Placer County, the Gateway of California." This was intended not so much to indicate that Placer is the first large fruit- producing county reached on entering California over the Central Pacific Railroad, but to impress upon visitors the fact that in many northern counties cherries, apricots, and even oranges, ripen from three to five weeks earlier than in the extreme southern counties, and that therefore their fruits can be marketed just so much earlier. From the first ripen- ing of deciduous fruits until the close of the Exposition, there were shown at Chicago, with practically no interruption, samples of fruit in season, including cherries, apricots, peaches, pears, prunes, plums, quinces, and grapes. In the Placer County exhibit, but caught mostly in the adjoining county of Nevada, was a very interesting collection of butterflies and night flies or moths. They were all well mounted and inclosed in two long glass frames which served as companion pieces. On the case con- taining sixteen hundred butterflies was inscribed in gold : " Day — In the Sierras," and on the one containing night flies, fourteen hundred or more in number : " Night — In the Sierras." The specimens were arranged in stars, circles, Maltese crosses, and other beautiful geometric figures, all combining to produce a fine effect. There were several speci- mens unknown to Eastern collectors, while a few were new to science. The insects were gathered and prepared by F. A. Shaefer, of Truckee. The total expense of collecting and maintaining the Placer County exhibit is officially given at $6,660, apportioned as follows: Appropri- ated by the County Board of Supervisors, $6,000; by individuals and firms, $660. "Pampas Plume Palace" — California Building. (Page 23.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 23 SHASTA COUNTY EXHIBIT. Shasta County occupied a space 20 by 15| feet just north of and adjoining the Placer exhibit. There was less attempt at decorative work here than in any other county display in the building, although the space above was covered with draperies in the national colors, while folds of stars and stripes hung from the posts and windows. The special feature of the exhibit was the large and varied specimens of gold ores. The heavier pieces of gold quartz were placed on the floor and served as a railing to keep visitors at a proper distance from the rest of the display. No other exhibit in the building, not even that of the State mineral collection, embraced such large specimens of ore. Terraced tables on three sides contained the smaller and more valuable minerals, including gold, silver, copper, iron, limestone, sandstone, asbestos, wall rock, terra cotta clay, etc. The managers of the exhibit held, that inasmuch as nearly one half of Shasta County is mineral land, the display should consist principally of minerals. A large table-top in the alcove, which consisted of simply one sugar- pine plank 6 feet 3 inches wide, attracted much attention. Arranged upon the partition wall to the south was an excellent showing of wheat and other grains in sheaf. During the summer the terraced tables were largely utilized for boxes of choice fruits, a very successful attempt having been made to keep on •exhibition fresh fruits in season. These included cherries, peaches, pears, apricots, apples, prunes, plums, etc. A total amount of $3,300 was expended in collecting and maintaining this exhibit, $3,000 having been appropriated by the Board of Super- visors and $300 by individuals and associations. PAMPAS PLUME PALACE. Just northeast of the central date-palm, near the junction of the two main aisles, stood a pleasing and novel exhibit in the shape of an octagonal pagoda 20 feet in diameter and 34 feet to the top of the dome. The sides of the octagon were alternately 10 and 7 feet in width, the east and west sides being used as entrances. The general design of the structure was suggestive of Moorish architecture, the leading features being drawn from the Alhambra. The wooden framework, both outside and inside, was entirely covered with rich pampas plumes in various designs and colors, giving a general appearance of what it was the intention to represent, a "Pampas Palace." The soft, silky plumes of the pampas grass were so tightly worked against the sides of the structure, and on the gently sloping roof and Moorish dome, that the effect was rich in the extreme. For the most part the plumes were left in their natural creamy tint, but a few in brill- iant dyes were used for decorative purposes. The fleur-de-lis and scroll work in plumes that adorned the frieze within and without, also the double Grecian key under the eaves, were artistic in design and execu- tion, while a successful efiort was elsewhere made in producing plush and fur-like effects. The exhibit as a whole was intended to illustrate what can be accom- plished with the novel flower of a South American plant, that thrives practically without cultivation in the counties of Southern California 24 KEPORT OP world's FAIR COMMISSION. and farther north, in the way of striking effects in household decora- tions. The interior of the palace was delicately finished with pampas plumes in blue and gold. The American flag in colors and about 2 by 3^ feet in size, rugs and other art features, all wrought in pampas plumes, were novel decorations. Among other attractive features were a painting, "A Pampas Harvest," by Miss Mabel Downing of San Fran- cisco, and a carved mantel made of Pacific Coast cedar by the Los Angeles Mantel Company. The floor was of unique construction, con- sisting of seventeen hundred pieces of diflerent California woods, being the work of the boys and girls of Throop Institute, Pasadena. This dainty edifice, which during the last days of the Exposition was christened ''Queen Isabella Pampas Palace," in honor of Queen Isabella,, who made it possible for Columbus to set out on his voyage of discovery, was designed by Mrs. H. W. R. Strong, of Whittier, Los Angeles County, and executed by herself and daughters. Mrs. Strong has met with de- served success in opening a market in the Eastern States and in Europe- for the products of this new California industry, she herself being a large grower. ALAMEDA COUNTY EXHIBIT. Northward from the Pampas Palace and almost adjoining it, was a floor space, 80 by 26 feet, that contained the Alameda County exhibit. This was divided into three nearly equal portions, the central one being devoted to the relief map (21 by 26 feet) of Alameda County, while the- two areas to the north and south were formed into partially open com- partments. Aisles of convenient width separated the subdivisions. The southern compartment was, with the exception of an opening to- the north, inclosed with a substantial cabinet base, about 2| feet high, of white sugar pine, with redwood panels. The installation features,, like those of nearly every State and county exhibit in the building, had been built in California and shipped in sections to Chicago. Upon the- wooden base were placed gas-piping pillars, with cross-sections of the- same material, all painted white. On top of the slender pillars was a cornice of native California woods, broad enough to support large jars of different products. The intervening three or four rows of shelves held the many hundred jars of fruits of Alameda County, an added effect being given to the display by using a light iron shelving instead of wood, so that from a distance there was little to be seen but rows of colored fruit apparently unsupported. The center of this compartment was occupied by the manager and assistants as an office, and also as a reading-room and resting-spot for visitors. Over the office entrance- hung the large painting by R. D. Yelland, " The Cities of the Golden Gate." At the corners of the inclosure were suspended banners giving the area and population of the count}^ together with the valuation of all property and the number of acres devoted to agriculture, horticult- ure, etc. The northern compartment was inclosed like the southern, except that the corners, instead of being square, were concave, bending slightly inward. Within stood terraced pyramids that held, in cylinder jars, the exhibits of the Alameda Sugar Company, the Oakland Fruit Pre- serving Company, and the Oakland Pickle Factory, while at other points could be seen borax from the Pacific Coast Borax Company, of Alameda,, crude and refined salt from the Solar Salt Works of B. F. Barton & Co.« Sax Mateo County Exhibit— Califorxia Building. (.Page 25.) REPOET OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 25 near Alvarado, and salt from the Union Pacific Salt Works at Mount Eden. There were also dried fruits, ripe fruits in season, fruits in fluid, cereals, wine, minerals, silk, nuts, vegetables, etc. Both compartments were decorated with wild oats seven or more feet high, and other grains in sheaf; also with stalks of ramie and with grapevines. Heads of mountain sheep and deer, together with native-wood panels, on which Miss K. E. Cole, of Oakland, had painted sprays and bunches of wildfiowers, hung over the two entrances to the north area, and from the different friezes. For this combined display, and for the State collective exhibits in the California and Horticultural Buildings, between one thousand and eleven hundred jars of fruit, mostly of the cylinder and Egyptian styles, were forwarded to Chicago. The relief map in the center space was inclosed by curtains hung froln railings of convenient height for visitors to secure a full view of the panoramic effect. The map was designed by Wm. R. Davis, of Oakland, and made by E. E. Eitel, of San Francisco. All the principal features and configurations of the county were represented, including cities, villages, valleys, hills, public institutions, orchards, farms, railway lines, steam, cable, and electric cars, ferry slips used by San Francisco steamers ; also a portion of the bay of San Francisco, with its indenta- tions along the Alameda County shore. The space that formed the bay was made water-tight, and upon the water poured therein were miniature ocean ships, steamers, boats, and tugs. It was at first intended to have the important railroad, street car, and ferry lines in operation, moving automatically across the panorama on schedule time, but after reaching Chicago it was found impossible to carry this part of the plan into effect. On the west side of the relief map, and fronting the main aisle of the building, was an attractive fruit archway. The two pillars, which con- sisted of cylinder glass jars 9 inches in diameter, were each 6 feet high above their bases and were joined at the top by an arch of native woods, upon which were placed jars of handsome fruit. The cylinders that formed the pillars were filled with nearly seventy varieties of fruits and vegetables, the preservative fluids being so clear as to show their con- tents to great advantage. A souvenir illustrated pamphlet, descriptive of the products and resources of Alameda County, had been prepared under the auspices of the Alameda County World's Fair Association, and an issue of 30,000 copies printed. These were distributed freely to such visitors as manifested an interest in California, and especially in this county. The amount of money appropriated by the Board of Supervisors and ex- pended on this exhibit is officially given at $35,000. SAN MATEO COUNTY EXHIBIT. San Mateo County occupied a space 25^ by 26^ feet just north of Alameda County, being separated from the latter by an aisle. The installation feature was a stately pillared temple more than 20 feet high, the top reaching slightly above the floor of the gaRery. The structure was large enough to cover the entire space allotted, the ground plan being somewhat in the shape of a horseshoe with the heel placed toward the west, in order to have it front on the main or center aisle. The design was Tuscan, somewhat modified in style. Fourteen grand columns of solid redwood, kiln-dried and turned smooth, upheld 26 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. the circular entablature, which was richly paneled and ornamented with delicate cornice work. The pedestals that supported the columns were about 4 feet high and were formed of curly redwood, smoothed and polished, while the columns themselves were about 12 feet high, the bases and tops being richly carved. Over the doorway appeared the words " San Mateo County," carved in redwood. In accordance with the original design the structure was at first cov- ered ■with a rounded roof or dome made from bark of California redwood. Although the dome was beautiful in itself, it proved so objectionable on account of its height, compared with other installation features, that at the request of the Commission, the managers of the exhibit permitted its removal. In lieu of the roof the circular top was covered with rare and beautiful potted plants from San Mateo County. The pavilion as a whole was built in California and then shipped to Chicago to be set up. In the middle of the floor of the temple was a section of a large red- wood tree that formed a base for a small greenery. Upon this was built a circular terrace of potted plants and palms brought from San Mateo County. A substantial circling base nearly 8 feet high served as an inclosure to the room, giving the interior a cozy, home-like appear- ance, and at the same time afforded wall space, which Avas splendidly utilized for displays of photographs of local scenery, especially of the beautiful homes for which San Mateo County is noted. Projecting brackets about four feet above the floor upheld a wide circular shelf of redwood, upon which were placed paintings of wildflowers, wood carvings, stuffed birds, pressed wildflowers, sea-mosses or algse, and a case of pebbles. A novel feature was a model of Pigeon Point Lighthouse on the coast of San Mateo County, the model being 3 feet high and covered with the delicately hued pebbles from Pescadero Beach. The entire exhibit was under the management of an association of ladies of the county, by whom it was not only designed and prepared, but maintained while at Chicago. The Board of Supervisors appropri- ated $3,000 toward defraying general expenses, the necessary balance being raised by the ladies' board. SACRAMENTO COUNTY EXHIBIT. Immediately to the north and adjoining the San Mateo County exhibit stood a pavilion that held the major portion of the Sacramento County display. This pavilion, which appeared massive in design and construction, covered a space 25^ by 26^ feet and fronted broad aisles on the east, north, and west sides. There were arched entrances 20 feet high from each of these sides to the interior, which formed an inviting reception-room, with chairs, table, general reading matter, and folders descriptive of the county and its resources, at easy reach. The pavilion as a whole was intended to represent a castle, the but- tressed angles, deep recesses, large pillars, and square-shaped turrets all being in harmony with the general design. On the ten recessed col- umns, which were 16. feet high and 2^ feet square, were placed jellies and the smaller jars of fruit. Three sides of each column were made available for display purposes, and as each side was divided into eight shelves, the ten columns alone furnished 240 shelves. At the back and sides of all this display space were glass mirrors, so placed as to redouble Sacramento County Exhibit— California Building. (Page2G.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 27 the reflection of light from the fruits and show to the best advantage their purity and color. Running from the four outer and projecting columns to the columns that supported the archways, were other rows of shelving of such heights between them as to permit a pleasing arrangement of jars, bottles, etc., of different patterns and sizes. The jars that held the fruit numbered l>etween eight hundred and one thousand, and varied in height from 3 inches to 3^ feet, and from 2 inches to 2 feet in diameter. From any point of the three aisles and from the interior of the pavilion visitors were afforded a view of an almost solid mass of fruits and jellies. The caps of the arches, to a height on a level with, and even above, the galleiy, were crowned with generous sheaves of grain, while large oentury plants, set in redwood vases, stood upon each of the four outer •columns. Hanging from the centers of the arches were silken banners bearing the name of the county from which the display came, while another banner stated that the exhibit as a whole was awarded the first premium for the most extensive and varied county exhibit at the Pre- liminary World's Fair Exhibit in San Francisco early in 1893, said premium being $1,000 in cash. Other cash premiums were secured at this fair aggregating $1,300 more. Across the aisle to the north and under the gallery was a space nearly equal in area to that covered by the pavilion. Here agricultural products constituted the special feature, as horticulture did in the pavilion. The walls of the alcove were lined with grain on the stalk, alfalfa, broom- corn, etc., alternately bound in sheaves and spread full length in ver- tical glazed panels. The background was filled in with graceful tufts of grass and tall Egyptian corn, while high over all were various designs in grain and grass heads, such as fans, a plow, and an anchor. Many jars of different seeds, with labeled boards and smaller specimens of native woods, were arranged upon the terraced stands below. In the hollow square were two tables with tent-shaped tops, each sloping up to a vase-crested ridge. On their inclines lay triple rows of boxes, wherein were to be seen, under glass, beautiful dried fruits and nuts in great variety. In the combined displays was an exceedingly wide range of products, such as wheat, flour, bran, middlings, barley, oats, buckwheat, alfalfa, Egyptian corn, broomcorn, peaches, pears, apricots, olives, apples, plums, prunes, quinces, figs, grapes — all fruits being both dried and in solution; jellies, oranges, lemons, pomegranates, persimmons, mulberries, crabapples, strawberries, etc.; also walnuts, almonds, raisins, squashes, egg plant, beets, beans, peas, tomatoes, wool, wood, and minerals. During the months when the different fruits were in season there were displayed excellent specimens of fresh cherries, strawberries, peaches, apricots, prunes, etc., together with grains and vegetables. The estimated cost of the entire Sacramento County exhibit is approx- imately as follows: Expended under appropriation by Board of Super- visors, $5,500; from sale of membership certificates and net receipts from premiums at Preliminary Exhibit, $G80; making a total of $6,180. STATE RELIEF MAP. The great relief map of California, 9 by 20 feet in size, occupied the middle wall-space at the north end of the building, between Sacramento and Butte Counties. It was planned and modeled by Willard D. .lohn- 28 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. son, Topographer of the U. S. Geological Survey, with headquarters in California. Not only was the State as a whole depicted, but the out- lying waters of the Pacific Ocean and sufficient portions of Oregon, Nevada, Arizona, and Mexico, to show the adjoining configurations. The horizontal scale was four miles to the inch, with a vertical exagger- ation of one mile to the inch. The map was constructed from data obtained from the latest United States and other surveys; and it was conceded at Chicago that no other map in the entire Exposition showed such accurate detail and finish. Work on it was begun in May, 1892, and several men were employed almost constantly until it was finally ready for public inspection more than a year later. Originally it was cast in eight equal parts, but so nice was the adjustment that when set up in Chicago the edges became invisible. As far as was possible in a work of this magnitude the water bodies, marshes, swamp lands, and streams to head of navigation were painted a light blue; streams above head of navigation, canals, and large irrigation ditches, dark blue. The valleys, mountains, forested and barren lands were painted in such subdued tints as to show clearly their different characters. Even degree meridians and parallels. State and county boundaries, railroads, cities, and other settlements of suffi- cient size for postal recognition, were indicated in black. To render inspection easier, the map was set upon its longer edge, this arrange- ment bringing the northern portion of the State to the right hand of the spectator. The map proved highly interesting and instructive to visitors. Near at hand was an excellent relief map, 4 by 2| feet, of the Yosemite Valley, modeled by Edwin E. Howell, and constructed at Ward's Natural Science establishment, Rochester, N. Y. BUTTE COUNTY EXHIBIT. Butte County improved to the utmost her allotment of 920 square feet in the northwest corner of the building. There were two spaces, 20 by 18 and 20 by 28, respectively. In the former, situated under the north gallery, between two hundred and three hundred glazed boxes of uniform size, packed with choice dried fruits and a sprinkling of nuts and cotton bolls, were built up against the wall into the semblance of two towers, resting on purple pedestals with ornamental designs in sections of ears of corn. All the boxes had glass fronts and were secured to the wall by invisible screws. Between these towers was an arrangement of shelves and niches, appearing like a Gothic window, and filled with cylinder jars of showy fruits, chiefly stone and citrus, with lesser jars of vari-colored jellies interspersed by way of trimmings. The efi'ect was heightened by strips of gilding that marked the edges of the boxes, which latter were set like blocks of stone in an edifice. On tables in front of this structure were stacked nuts, pulse, and cereals in inverted bottles; canned goods from Chico, and more fruits in preservative solutions, retaining their color to a remarkable degree. There was also a small relief map of the county that clearly showed the location of hills, mountains, valleys, rivers, and principal towns. Hang- ings of pampas grass and headed grain relieved the rude angularity of posts and beams above, and even the canvas ceiling was gay with painted blossoms and winged creatures. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 29 The longer space under the western gallery was separated from the aisle by a wall of glazed and gilt-edged boxes, like those constituting the towers already mentioned, but the latter boxes were filled with cereals and seeds, save where two large cases of silk cocoons took the place of windows. Crystal tubes of seeds, in contrasted shades, formed the columns of the alcove portal, the transparent doors of which were still more curiously paneled with parallelograms and diamonds of black beans, white dhoura, brown buckwheat, and yellow corn. The angles and cornices of this partition were trimmed with inverted bottles of seeds in variety, and the partition itself was topped with a large bald eagle and two jjears, composed of wheat heads in different colors. Within this room were shown upon the walls about one hundred and thirty varieties of grains in sheaf; while at either end were marvelously ingenious mosaics of colored seeds and cocoons: one depicting an Indian girl feeding a pair of pet eagles; another a winged Ceres, or goddess of the harvest, with two attendants; also ducks in a pond, storks, horses' heads, an owl, etc., together with vases of fruits and flowers. Pampas grass and heads of millet were skillfully employed in pluming the wild fowl that spread their wings or sailed among the pond lilies overhead. Here, too, were many photographs of Butte County scenery, with views of orchards, vineyards, etc., and an herbarium from the State Normal School at Chico. Taken as a whole the display was an exceedingly varied one, especially in the line of agricultural and horticultural products. For instance, one farm — that of General John Bidwell, near Chico — furnished the following exhibits: Sixty-five varieties of wheat, twenty-eight of barley, ten of oats, and six each of rye, corn, flax, and spelt; eighteen varieties of almonds, six of walnuts, four of chestnuts, together with peanuts, raisins, threshed grain and seeds, fruits in solution, such as peaches, pears, apricots, apples, plums, prunes, and pomegranates. Mrs. Anna K. Bidwell also contributed eighteen varieties of barley, and an almost equal variety of oats, rye, and flax. The display made by the manager of the exhibit was also varied, the mosaic work in cereals being his design. In a cosy corner of the larger space was a small ofiice and reception- room, a book for registration, and folders describing the resources of the county. An appropriation of $5,300 was made by the County Board of Super- visors to defray the expense of collecting and maintaining this exhibit, while $700 was contributed by firms and individuals, making a total of $6,000. HUMBOLDT COUNTY EXHIBIT. Out from under the gallery, in the extreme northwest corner of the building, Humboldt County filled a floor space of 52 by 26 feet, or an area of 1,352 square feet, with an unique display, which had more of a wildwood air about' it than any other in the building, being suggestive of the forest, the mountain slope, and the glen, with deer, bear, and other wild animals therein. At the same time the products of the county were V^y no means unrepresented. The exhibit was separated from its nearest neighbors by aisles — Sacramento and San Mateo being to the east, Santa Clara to the south, the State agricultural exhibit to the west, and Butte County to the west and north. 30 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. The entire collection from Humboldt County was surrounded by an elaborate inclosure of polished redwood, in itself a fine display, built of fancy shingled panels up to a height of 4 feet. At distances of about 10' feet apart, rose light and neatly turned columns, which upheld an oddly ornate entablature of redwood, with the words " Humboldt County Exhibit " appearing in fret-work and extending entirely across each end. Upon the inner frieze were hung aloft about twenty pairs of antlers, rep- resenting nearly every species of deer and elk, also Rocky Mountain sheep from the northern part of the State. Between the mounted antlers were Indian bows and arrows, spears, war clubs, and saddles, all used with excellent decorative efiect. Access to the inclosure was had from the north and east ends, the aisle between these points dividing the exhibit space irregularly. Entering from the north, the first feature that caught the eye to the right was a wedge-shaped structure about 8 feet high and 12 feet long, set on end. A broad band of redwood panels girthed the base, while above was a row of photographic scenes among the forests and lumber camps of Humboldt County. Still above was a line of handsome panels, comprising the lighter colored woods, such as white cedar, white oak, and Douglas fir, and above these still another row of photographs. Capping the top or ridge were a number of bottles of Humboldt County mineral water and three large redwood vases filled with bouquets of grains and grasses. To the left a terraced pyramid held on its lower steps crystal jars of fruits and vegetables, with inverted bottles of barley, oats, peas, beans, etc., and a line of dainty cylinders of amber and ruby jellies on the higher steps. In the southwest corner, irregularly fortified behind short sections of logs from native forest trees, was an imitation " rockery " that attracted much attention. There was a mound of mimic rocks, set with patches of real moss and tufts of genuine ferns and native shrubbery. Beneath was a good-sized cave, and at the mouth, stuffed specimens of Humboldt County's fauna peered forth, the most prominent being a huge stuffed grizzly bear. Indian baskets, shells, wood specimens, photographs, etc.,. were thrown lightly down upon the moss at the base of the rockery. Elsewhere within the inclosure was a variety of displays, such as a section of a redwood tree 16 feet in diameter; a splendid board of red- wood burl 8 by 4 feet; a cabinet of burl and laurel woods; an interesting cabinet of minerals; samples of leather and leather work; a miniature museum of curios and Indian relics; a glass case containing a garland of flowers formed of shells; vases, urns, plates, knives, forks, etc., made from native woods; elkhorn and whalebone chairs; specimens of large and small fish in alcohol, also sun-dried specimens; vegetables of unusual size in jars of clear preservative solutions; grain in the sheaf, and seed; wool and other commodities. The manager of the exhibit devoted much of her time to giving short talks or semi-lectures to visitors on the different . features displayed, especially those relating to the early Indian tribes, their habits, history, etc., together with curios in general, and facts bearing upon the value of the forests of Humboldt County. Newspapers and other descriptive literature were distributed. The county Board of Supervisors appropriated for the preparation and maintenance of the display, $5,000; firms and individuals, $500* making a total of $5,500. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 31 SANTA CLARA COUNTY EXHIBIT. Broad counters of redwood, 3^ feet high, inclosed the space 80 feet long and 26 feet wide, or an area of 2,080 square feet, that was devoted to the excellent exhibit from Santa Clara County. Openings were left at each end and side for visitors to pass in and out, while at the southern end free access was had to the State viticultural exhibit. All these entrances were spanned by redwood arches, with step-like tops, which sustained inverted bottles of cereals, pulse, and other seeds. Stacked on the short northern counter were canned fruits in both glass and tin, while in the middle of the counter, separating the canned Exhibits, stood a circular pyramid containing twelve or more shelves rising one above the other. Upon the shelves were arranged translu- cent jellies of different colors, made from a variety of fruits, by the different Woman's World's Fair Auxiliary Societies in Santa Clara County. Southward, and separated from it by an aisle, was an almost massive pyramid. It was nearly square, contained eight wide terraced- shelves, the entire structure being painted white. Upon the shelves there were arranged, with excellent taste, glass jars with fruits in solu- tion, the preservative fluids being of the best and having the effect of retaining the natural color of the fruit to a remarkable degree. The jars were so placed that the tall, slender ones alternated with those- of the globular shape, thus heightening the effect. Here, for instance, were orange clusters a yard in length, olive branches loaded with berries, twigs of almonds in the husk, and cucumbers, a single one of which well nigh filled a two-foot cylinder. Four very tall jars capped the pyramid, while perched still above these, upon a slight standard, was a California eagle with outstretched wings. In the middle of the inclosure and separated from other exhibit feat- ures by aisles, stood the widely known " Prune Horse," his knightly rider — mailed cap-a-pie with the desiccated products of Santa Clara orchards — being mounted thereon. First on the floor was placed a massive-looking pedestal, the sides of which, in gentle upward slopes, were embanked with dried fruits in both neatly glazed frames and in ordinary commercial boxes. Upon the smaller pedestal that upheld •,he horse, appeared in large letters the following: " In 1891, Santa Clara Oounty, California, produced 20,000,000 pounds of prunes; balance of the United States, 9,000,000 pounds." Upon this pedestal proper, stood the life-sized figure of the horse, surmounted by a man clad in armor as the knights of old, the entire surface of both horse and rider being covered with French and Silver prunes in dark and light colors. The horse was bridled and saddled, and had one fore foot and one hind foot upraised in an easy attitude of walking. Probably no single feature of the Cali- fornia Building attracted more general notice than did this "Prune Horse." Still southward, and separated from other exhibits by aisles, was a partially curtained inclosure that constituted the office of the manager and lady manager, and also a reception-room. The upper portion was surrounded both inside and out with specimens of pressed wildflowers and plants to the number of two hundred, all being under plates of transparent celluloid. There were also a large number of photographs of scenery in Santa Clara County, together with striking photographs on glass of different exterior and interior views of Lick Observatory, on 32 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Mount Hamilton. For distribution to prominent visitors and others who manifested an interest in the county, there were on hand copies of an excellent publication, which was denominated "An Illustrated State- ment of the Progress, Prosperity, and Resources of Santa Clara County, California." It was a pamphlet about 7 by 10| inches in size, and con- tained upwards of eighty pages. The first page of every leaf was given to descriptive matter and the opposite page to illustrations of vineyards, orchards, public buildings, parks, churches, school-houses, business houses and blocks, residences, and bird's-eye views of San Jose, Los Gatos, and other cities and towns in the county. At the extreme southern end of the inclosure was a tall conical stand of bottled wines from Santa Clara County, all mounted on a substantial looking base of wine casks. The tiers rose upward to a height of about 20 feet, terminating at a point just underneath the gallery. There were several hundred bottles of wine of numerous varieties and of difl'erent ages from the many vineyards in the county. On the archway that separated the general exhibit from the viticultural display were inverted bottles containing seeds, wheat, and other cereals. Upon the long counters that formed the eastern inclosure of the dis- play were placed a number of assorted jars of fruit, but the space was largely given to showcases containing dried and glared fruits and painted china. Here, too, was a small mineral exhibit from the Quick- silver Mining Company of New Almaden, with a prospectus of the mines drawn on twenty-six parallel sheets of glass and an iron flask-stopple afloat in a bath of quicksilver. With the exception of an entrance near the middle, the entire 80 feet of the western inclosure was built up from the base with rows of jarred fruits. The jars were so nearly uniform in size as to give a general appearance of long rows of miniature men drawn up in martial array. Plates of ripe fruits in season were displayed on the different counters and elsewhere in the inclosure during the greater portion of the Exposi- tion. The entire expense of collecting and maintaining this exhibit is officially given as follows: Appropriated by County Board of Super- visors, $28,000; contributed by individuals and firms, $1,000; total, $29,000. STATE AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT. As in the Horticultural, Mining, and other departments, nearly dupli- cate exhibits of California's agricultural products were made in the California and in the Agricultural Buildings. In the former, the State agricultural exhibit occupied a space about 100 feet long and 18 feet wide on the west side of the lower floor, the Butte County exhibit being to the north, and that of horticulture and viticulture to the south. On a por- tion of the space large glass inclosures were built, reaching to the gallery. Within these were placed pyramidic forms, entirely covered with green felt cloth and with neat white shelves arranged thereon at convenient distances. Over fifteen hundred pear-shaped inverted globes and bottles of different sizes, filled with cereals and soils of various kinds, were artistically set upon the shelves, the whole presenting an attractive appearance. Running along the wall beneath the windows was a wide table stacked with sheaves of wheat, oats, rye, and barley, and with vegetables of different sizes and varieties. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 33 The San Francisco Produce Exchange was the largest contributor to this department. Two beautiful cases, well filled with products, were furnished. One case was of polished redwood, with a base about 4 feet high, upon which rested a pyramid holding nearly every variety of cereals and fibers grown in California. This splendid collection com- prised four varieties of oats, fifteen of barley, seventeen of wheat, two of buckwheat, eight of corn, ten of peas, and thirty of beans, besides Egyptian corn, broomcorn, maize, sorghum, farina, cracked wheat, rolled oats and barley, semol^,, graham flour, oat groats, oatmeal, hominy, split peas; canary, flax, rape, alfalfa, mustard, millet, coriander, and hemp seed; hops, ramie, silk cocoons and raw silk, grades of cotton and wool; also, a fine display of wheat, oats, and barley in sheaf from the crop of 1893. The other case was a cabinet of black walnut, within which were placed on shelves inverted globes filled with various kinds of wheat, set off by a delicate green background. Besides this exhibit the Produce Exchange furnished seven silk ban- ners, prettily lettered in gilt upon a dark garnet ground and bordered with long golden fringe. The largest banner was about 15 feet long, and bore this inscription: "San Francisco Produce Exchange — Products of California." The other six were smaller, but of uniform size, and con- tained a clear statement in brief of the agricultural products of the State. Comparative figures were given for the years 1879 and 1892, the former year being chosen, as it marked the beginning of a new era in agriculture and horticulture. The lettering upon the banners gave the following valuable information: Wheat— Crop 1879, 33,500,000 bushels; crop 1892, 40,000,000 bushels. Export 1879— "Wheat, 16,660,000 bushels ; flour, 527,440 barrels. Export 1892— Wheat, 21,400,000 bushels ; flour, 1,056,000 barrels. Wines— Vintage 1879, 7,000,000 gallons; 1891, 20,000,000 gallons. Brandies— Product 1879, 158,393 gallons ; 1892, 1,475,525 gallons. Barley — Largest production of any State in the Union. Crop 1879, 11,000,000 bushels ; 1892, 15,000,000 bushels. Hops— Crop 1879, 1,335,700 pounds; 1892, 7,500,000 pounds. Wool— Production 1879, 46,903,360 pounds ; ls91, 33,200,000 pounds. Raisins— Pack 1879, 65,000 boxes ; 1891, 2,150,000 boxes. Dried fruit-Product 1884, 5,285,000 pounds; 1891, 63,710,000 pounds. Oreen fruit— Shipments overland, 1879, 3,126,140 pounds ; 1891, 98,680,000 pounds. Canned fruit— Pack 1879, 298,356 cases ; 1891, 1,460,000 cases. In addition to generous contributions to this department of wheat, rye, oats, and barley from the manager of the Butte County exhibit. General John Bidwell, of Chico, furnished some very fine samples of cereals, embracing sixty-five varieties of wheat, twelve of barley, five of oats, and four of rye. San Luis Obispo County sent a greater diversity of products than any other county, the exhibit consisting of beans, peas, corn, wheat, rye, barley, oats, onions, buckwheat flour, corn meal, cracked wheat, shorts, middlings, rolled oats and wheat, breakfast food, semola, rice, alfalfa seed, walnuts, flax, ramie, jute, yxtle, soils, and a variety of small seeds. This collection was prepared and forwarded by J. V. N. Young, of Arroyo Grande. Los Angeles County made a fine showing of wheat, barley, corn, oats, rye, beans, walnuts, onions, squashes, potatoes, beets, etc. Ventura County forwarded twenty-five varieties of beans, also several kinds of wheat, corn, oats, barley, nuts, and potato starch. A very creditable exhibit was received from Merced County, including 3w 34 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. wheat, barley, rye, oats, beans, corn, cotton, tobacco, walnuts, peanuts, almonds, Egyptian corn, alfalfa, and various grasses. Other counties contributed as follows: Sacramento — six varieties of wheat, four of barley, two of rye, and three of oats; Santa Clara — collec- tion of two hundred varieties of seeds; Alameda — three varieties of choice barley, and the same of wheat; Sutter — choice selection of wheat, oats, and barley; El Dorado — samples of very fine rye; Orange County — walnuts and peanuts; San Diego — samples of wheat, barley, and oats; Kern — miscellaneous cereals. The University of California, through Prof. E, W. Hilgard, loaned three hundred varieties of grains — wheat, barley, rye, oats, flax, alfalfa, clover, and numerous fine grasses. These samples were all of the best quality, and the tastily disposed sheaves of cereals and forage-plants, with a neat array of phials, to show the results of the threshing, consti- tuted one of the finest displays in the State exhibit. Taken as a whole, the State agricultural exhibit was a comprehensive one, and fairly represented the agricultural products of California. STATE VITICULTURAL EXHIBIT. Excepting a small portion of the southeast corner, which was included in the rotunda, the State viticultural exhibit occupied a space 29 by 26-| feet in the State building. The location was an excellent one, being near the center of the building and fronting the two main aisles of the lower floor on the east and south sides. The actual area occupied by the exhibit was 619 square feet. The principal entrance was from the rotunda, the two wings being guarded by plaster casts of California bears, designed and modeled by Rupert Schmid, of San Francisco. The two bears, which were life size, stood upon pedestals nearly 3 feet high, the sides of each pedestal being festooned with casts of vines loaded with grapes. Just within the gateway were four urns placed higher than one's head, filled as if to overflowing with bronzed clusters of grapes. In the center of the inclosure stood an octagon pyramid about 10 feet in diameter at its base, rising upward in terraced shelves to a height of 12 or 14 feet. Upon these shelves were represented the vintages of Cali- fornia wine growers and producers. There were dark and light colored wines, champagnes, brandies, etc., to the number of six hundred bottles, fifty-three exhibitors displaying three hundred and one varieties of wines, and thirty-three distinct types. A small square base rested upon the top of the pyramid and upheld a beautiful plaster cast of Hebe, who, in classic mythology, was the cup- bearer of Jupiter. She was represented as a typical California girl, standing erect with garlands of grapes entwined around her head and a bunch of grapes in her left hand, which was pressed lightly against her shoulder, while in her right hand, lifted gracefully upward, was a tiny goblet. On three sides of the exhibit were high partition-walls of open grill- work, built in California of native redwood, and lined with bottled wines. Up among the braces under the edge of the cross gallery were two gnarly grapevines of the Black Prince variety, that were forwarded from the vineyard of George West & Son, and were stated to be forty- one years old. Paintings of vineyard scenes hung against the walls. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 35 A short distance from the exhibit proper was the office of the Super- intendent of Viticulture, where interested visitors could find viticultural literature and wines for sampling purposes, and secure any specific information desired. As a whole the exhibit was productive of excel- lent results in that it brought California wines to more prominent notice than ever before, and in demonstrating to the general public the superiority of these wines. The official report of the Superintendent of this department states that there were received from fifty-three exhibitors 2,545 cases of wine, or 44,278 bottles, about one third being quarts and the balance pints. The disposition made of the wine was as follows: For use of jurors in sampling wines for award, 1,834 bottles; sold to the Cafe on roof garden of the building and used for samples, 27,739 bottles. Notwithstanding the fact that the Cafe was not opened until June 1st, there was sold therein nearly 1,000 bottles a week for the entire six months of the Exposition. The gross cash receipts from sales were $11,529. Of this amount 15,396 was paid for percentage to the Exposition and Cafe, and for incidental expenses, leaving a sum of $6,133 as net receipts to exhibitors. A total of 10,037 bottles of the original number forwarded to Chicago were turned over to the exhibitors after the close of the fair, nearly the entire consignment being left with agents in Chicago for sale, 4,668 bottles having been delivered to owners and other exhibits during the Exposition. SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY EXHIBIT. The space allotted to the exhibit from the City and County of San Francisco was 53 feet long and 27 feet wide, and contained about 1,300 square feet, the circle surrounding the fountain in the center of the building cutting off the northeast corner. The space was subdivided into two compartments, with an aisle between; the southern portion being occupied by a relief map of San Francisco, the northern portion by the exhibit of the San Francisco Woman's Committee. The relief map proper was combined with a panorama. The inclosure was raised above the floor, forming a circular railing 27 feet in diame- ter, 84 feet in circumference, and between 5 and 6 feet high, the frame consisting of heavy redwood boards bolted to cylinder ribs or beams. The map inside the cylinder was sunk a foot or more below the surface of the floor. It was constructed in San Francisco under the supervision of Willard D. Johnson, in cha-rge of the United States Geological Survey of the Pacific Coast, and was taken to Chicago in sections. The point of view chosen, and the one at which the visitor was supposed to stand in looking down upon the city, was at the intersection of Geary and Jones Streets, or practically that of Union Square, and 1,800 feet above the ground, this view commanding a sweep of San Francisco and its surroundings for fifty miles in every direction. The actual boundaries of the map, understood by residents of the city, were North Point, Six- teenth Street, the cemeteries, and 500 feet into the bay beyond Rincon Point. Blocks and streets were drawn to a scale that well preserved the proportions, each block occupying a space about one foot square, the streets between being one and three fourths inches wide. The principal buildings of the city, the stucco models of the smaller build- ings and blocks, and the topographical contours were faithfully repre- sented. At the boundary lines of the relief map proper, and extending 36 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. around the walls of the cylinder, was stretched a canvas 5 feet 3 inches in height, upon which were painted the outlying portions of the city, San Francisco Bay with its islands and harbors, the Golden Gate, the ocean, and neighboring hills and mountains. The northern compartment, an irregular octagon 20 by 26 feet in size, was known as the San Francisco Woman's Room. Panels of redwood, carved and fire-etched, formed a continuous screen inclosing the space, the panels being 6 feet high and corresponding to alcoves in ordinary structures. Entrance to the room was had through two gates of impos- ing aspect, and under an archway of redwood on which appeared the words "Art, Literature, Music, Industry," being typical of the City of San Francisco. The gate proper consisted of two leaves or doors, each leaf being 4 feet wide and 6 feet high. These doors were covered with illuminated and fire-etched leather, all in dull copper tints, one gate being decorated with the fruit, leaves, and branches of the olive, the other with clusters of grapes. The redwood was contributed by Mrs. J. M. Pierce, the room itself designed by Edmund Russell, and the art work executed by Miss Lillian O'Hara and Miss Grace Livermore, of San Francisco, who have made a specialty of pyrogravure, or the process of engraving on wood and leather by the use of red-hot metallic points. One panel contained a collection of musical instruments, such as San Francisco has either inherited or become familiar with through association, including Chinese, Japanese, Hawaiian, and Samoan instruments, Indian and Samoan war drums, etc. One album contained the portraits and biographies of members of the musical profession in California; another, all the music ever composed in this State, the sheets being collected and bound in one large volume and laid open upon a table of carved oak. There were full-length portraits of Emma Nevada and Sybil Sanderson, native California singers, both portraits being painted on canvas in monochrome by Miss M. I. Morrison, of San Francisco. The literary exhibit occupied the west wall and was inclosed in three bookcases of cedar, carved in California flowers, with doors of leather lattice-work. The collection embraced volumes by each of the most celebrated California writers, a specialty being made of early editions and works comparatively out of print. There was a complete catalogue of books written by California authors, and a large album containing portraits of California writers, grouped according to eras and to the special publications with which they were directly or indirectly con- nected. Around the photographs were various unique designs in water colors, painted by Miss Grace Livermore, the collection and arrangement of the photographs being by Mrs. R. H. Poore. The album was bound in laurel. There were portraits of Bret Harte, Joaquin Miller, and others, fire-etched by Miss O'Hara. One of the most valuable books in the collection was "The Story of the Files," by Mrs. Ella Sterling Cum- mins, a member of the California Board of Lady Managers. Her volume was i-ssued under the auspices of the California World's Fair Commis- sion, and is a work of great merit, being the first successful attempt to record in permanent form the names of writers, more or less famous, who have been identified with literary work in California, and elsewhere upon the Pacific Coast. Beginning with the earliest journals and maga- zines, the intention was to represent the growth of California literature for the past forty years, and to record the names of writers of verse, n.' ^ . >\:'% ■ t^-f REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 37 authors of short stories, novelists, and journalists, each in his or her particular school, together with brief biographical sketches and quota- tions from their works. The collection as a whole was made by an association known as the San Francisco Women's Literary Exhibit. Elsewhere in the room were sculptures, including a bust of Karl Formes, the singer, by Rupert Schmid; "Head of a Boy," by T. B. Jackson, and other articles; also contributions in the line of pictorial art, paintings by Wm. Keith, Theodore Wores, and others, a cabinet of keramic work by the San Francisco Keramic Club, and specimens of embroidery finely executed. For the San Francisco exhibit as a whole the Board of Supervisors appropriated $10,000, the sum of $7,000 being expended for the relief map and $3,000 for the Woman's Room. Besides this, a goodly amount toward defraying the expenses of the Woman's Room was secured in donations by members of the general committee, and others. STATE MINING EXHIBIT. The exhibit of the Department of Mines and Mining of the California World's Fair Commission was divided at Chicago — one part being in the State building, the other in the Mines and Mining Building. Both exhibits compared favorably with those of other States and governments as to variety, value, and attractiveness. More awards might possibly have been secured had all the material been installed in the Mines and Mining Building, as the ruling of the World's Columbian Exposition excluded from competition articles con- tained in the State building; but the benefits derived in an advertising line from the mineral display in the California Building, which brought together under one roof almost a miniature world, greatly outweighed the possible loss of some awards. The mineral exhibit in the State building was located on the west side of the main aisle, immediately south of the San Francisco relief map, and occupied a space 50 by 30 feet, entirely inclosed by a double row of showcases filled with ores and minerals. The feature first noticeable was the large statue of James W. Marshall, the discoverer of gold in California in 1848, it being a fac simile of the one erected at Coloma, El Dorado County, over the spot where Marshall found the first nugget. At the base of this statue, and encircling it, were eight showcases filled with the richest samples of gold-bearing quartz, gold nuggets, and other valuable specimens. One of the cases was entirely devoted to a nugget of crystallized gold, and many very rich pieces of gold-bearing quartz from the Delhi Mine, Nevada County, owned by R. McMurray, a member of the California World's Fair Commission. This piece of virgin gold is notable for its crystallization, forming an almost perfect representation of a fern leaf. It was one of the most attractive specimens on exhibition, and contained $140 worth of gold. Among other features especially interesting to mining men, were the numerous specimens of very rich quartz, one of which was a large piece of crystallized quartz and gold, containing about $1,200 worth of the precious metal. This was the most valuable single specimen, commercially speaking, in the exhibit, although several smaller fragments of quartz contained more gold in proportion to their size. One piece had been sawed in two, and the flat sides polished. 38 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. which greatly improved its appearance. This case was not only the most valuable, but also one of the most beautiful of the entire collection. Two more cases were devoted to the product's of the Doe & Daggett and Black Bear mines, Siskiyou County, belonging to John Daggett, now Superintendent of the United States Branch Mint at San Francisco. Several of these specimens, besides being very rich, were noteworthy for the beautiful combinations of quartz crystals intermingled with free gold. At the preliminary World's Fair exhibit, held in San Francisco during the months of January and February, 1893, the collection of ores from Plumas County received a gold medal for its completeness and scientific arrangement. The most valuable part of this collection occupied another of the showcases at the base of the Marshall statue. It consisted of fine and coarse gold, nuggets of various sizes, rich gold-bearing quartz, and platinum. The remainder filled three showcases in the California exhibit in the Mines and Mining Building. The rest of the cases were filled with specimens loaned by the State Mining Bureau, county organizations, mining companies, and private individuals. As was also true of the California display in the Mines and Mining Building, the collection furnished by the State Mining Bureau constituted much the larger, portion of the exhibit. A total of about one thousand specimens were exhibited in both buildings, repre- senting every county in the State, nearly three hundred of them being gold quartz. Among objects of note in the different cases was a nugget of solid gold, weighing 30 ounces, which was found in the Blue Wing Mine, Nevada County; a large number of vials containing placer gold of dif- ferent degrees of fineness, principally from the Trinity River; and rare specimens of leaf, wire, and crystallized gold in quartz from the different mines in El Dorado, Butte, Tuolumne, Amador, Placer, and other coun- ties. Among the finest of these were specimens from Nigger Hill, James- town, and Lovelock mines, one of these being the property of J. A. Goodwin, and consisting of two almost perfect fern leaves, inclosing a quartz crystal; a splendid piece of wire gold from the Green Mountain Mine, Siskiyou County; also diamonds found in different parts of the State in ancient river-beds. One object of popular interest was a gold-mounted gavel, made of manzanita, with an orange-wood handle. This gold was mined by the hydraulic process at Dutch Flat, in presence of the National Editorial Association, on the 28th of May, 1892. After being melted and cast into a bar, it was presented by the California Miners' Association to the National Editorial Association as a memento of their visit to our mining regions, and was in turn made by them into this beautiful gavel. Besides the cases forming the octagon at the foot of the statue, there were forty-eight cases, 8 feet long and 2 feet wide, and four large corner cases, all filled with samples of ore from many of the principal mines of the State. There were also gold-bearing gravels from the North Bloom- field, Manzanita, and other gravel mines; marble from the quarries of the Inyo and Colton marble companies, and serpentine from Dr. Boye- son's quarry in Amador County, and Kimball Bros.' quarry in San Diego County. One very interesting exhibit was a pyramid of rubellite from San Diego County. This is a red variety of tourmaline, which usually occurs in green and black shades. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 39 The Mathison Smelting Company, of San Francisco, had on exhibition a remarkably fine display of antimony ores and regulus; the latter, cast into bars, showed the typical fern-leaf crystallization of pure antimony. This was considered the finest display of its kind in the Exposition. A characteristic product of California, so immensely rich in her resources, was the onyx from San Luis Obispo County, owned by Kesseler Bros., of San Francisco. In texture, as well as in softly blended shades of color, it equals if not surpasses all other kinds of onyx, even the far-famed Mexican. A beautiful assortment of this material formed part of the mineral collection in the State building, although the larger part was in the Mines and Mining Building. Among the economic minerals of the State, the following were promi- nent: Aluminum ore from the San Bernardino County Mine, containing nearly 43 per cent of the metal — a very high percentage; asphaltum and oil from Kern and Ventura Counties; and borax from the vast deposits of Death Valley, in Inyo County. Although nearly all counties and localities were represented in one way or another, several sent collections of their own, viz.: Plumas, Fresno, Shasta, Butte, and San Bernardino Counties, and thus aided materially in making the California mineral collection one of the most complete at the Exposition. The quicksilver interest was represented by some very rich ores from New Almaden and other mines, as well as a specimen from a new mine at the intersection of McAllister and Devisadero Streets, San Francisco, which was discovered while grading for building purposes. Much interest was awakened by a meteorite from San Bernardino County, which weighed 1 28 pounds. In the general collection were a number of fine quartz crystals, one of which weighed 106 pounds, and a variety of petrifactions and rare minerals. Several models of large nuggets found in California filled a corner case, surmounted by a fac simile of the largest bar ever cast, the result of one month's run in the North Bloomfield Hydraulic Mine, Nevada County, which weighed 6,127.78 ounces, troy, and represented a value of $114,280 72. STATE HORTICULTURAL EXHIBIT. The Space devoted to the State horticultural exhibit lay under the southwest gallery. Beginning at the great middle doorway on the west side of the building, it stretched southward, abreast of the San Francisco and Mining spaces, for 115 feet, carrying a width of 26 feet for about 7 feet, and beyond that, owing to an L in the outer wall, of 19 feet, mak- ing a total area of 2,234 square feet, including the passages left between the various tables and showcases. In the northern half of this area were three solid tables of about 11 feet in width and averaging 14 feet in length, on which was maintained a display of fresh fruit, changing with the changing seasons. In the earlier weeks of the fair the golden lemons and oranges from the southern counties enjoyed almost a monopoly of these tables; but in the later months they were gradually and largely supplanted by apricots, cherries, grapes, apples, pears, nectarines, peaches, plums, etc., which came pouring in from the northern, central, and southern portions of the State. These fruits were shown while in their freshest beauty either on plates or in boxes, and then sold to eager visitors, to give place for new 40 REPOKT OF world's PAIR COMMISSION. arrivals. The tempting output of these tables, as well as the plate ex- hibit in the Southwest Curtain of the Horticultural Building, was hedged about with wire-net shields, of a pattern modified from the design of the eminent horticulturist, Prof. W. H. Ragan, of Greencastle, Indiana. The southern half of the space was furnished with high and roomy- showcases, which, being set in pairs, back to back, at right angles to the outer wall of the building, formed a series of alcoves under the gallery. These alcoves were built with returns alternately long and short, so that one could walk quite around the first pair of cases, but the next pair occupied the full 19 feet from aisle to window. All the cases had a uniform depth, from their fronts to the partition formed by the double backs, of about 6 feet, and were glazed with large panes to a height of 10 feet from the floor. The- case nearest the fruit tables was filled with the exhibit of the Sonoma Preserve Company. On a steeply terraced stand, covered throughout with a rich maroon felt-cloth, were marshaled, tier above tier, the trim, though diverse jars of jams and jellies, pickles and condi- ments; also bottles of unfermented wine. The case back of this, and facing southward, was given over to jellies in variety, disposed in glass cylinders of uniform size and pattern, on a sloping expanse of wire framework. Jellies, too, in a multitude of little crystal jars, were set on rows of shelves over against the wide window westward, where their transparent hues shone in clear amber and ruby. In the longer case on the other side of this alcove were dried fruits from different portions of the State, including peaches and nectarines, prunes and apricots, apples and pears, figs and raisins. They were all arranged in neat boxes, laid five rows high on a sharp incline, rising from the front to the back of the showcase, and extending from the window to the inner aisle. The symmetrically partitioned frame of seeds in contrasted colors, displayed by the Germain Fruit Company, came in as a fitting end-piece. A California pioneer, then in South America, sent a curious contribution to this department, viz: a "peach cheese," from Elqui, Chile. It was a solid brick of dark, sun-dried fruit, weighing about twenty pounds, delicately inlaid with fine cuttings of lighter shades, arranged in graceful figures, the whole being hard pressed. The succeeding alcove was devoted almost entirely to nuts. The middle of the north case was occupied by a quarter sphere of about 5 feet radius, that was entirely covered with walnuts. Beside this, in the end of the case next to the aisle, was a circlet of inverted pear-shaped jars, each holding a half gallon of very large walnuts and almonds, while in the corner by the window was a stand of Santa Clara County olive oil. Facing these, the shorter case was taken up wholly with A. T. Hatch's collection of almonds, comprising more than eighty varieties. Tastefully packed in boxes of uniform size, with glass tops bordered with red, gold, and white, tied with crimson ribbons, and laid on the slopes of a dark- green pyramid that was crossed and edged with gilt molding, these almonds formed a display singularly attractive and effective. It was while looking at this general exhibit and the striking fruit dis- plays made by the different counties, that J. M. Samuels, Chief of the Department of Horticulture at the World's Columbian Exposition, paid a splendid tribute to California. The date was June 19, 1893, the day of the formal dedication of the California Building, During these exercises Mr. Samuels, who was one of the speakers, in referring to the REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 41 horticultural exhibits from California in both the Horticultural and California Buildings, said: "I feel it my duty to express my apprecia- tion of what California has done for the Department of Horticulture. The State has occupied every foot of space assigned to her in the several divisions of the department with a magnificent display, besides appro- priating the entire area relinquished by other more tardy or less enter- prising commonwealths. It is but just to the enterprise of your citizens to state the fact that Californians are, at the present time, pre- eminently in the lead of all exhibitors in the Department of Horticulture. By those familiar with 'your varied and wonderful resources, and the intelligence and energy of your citizens, this is naturally expected. The first evidences that you intended to distance all competitors, came in the way of complaints. Here was the most convincing proof that you intended doing something. I was pleased to note this evidence of your earnestness. * * * Gentlemen, I am profoundly grateful to you for your untiring interest in the Department of Horticulture, and the ready response you have made to every request made by me, and I wish I could induce the press and the public more thoroughly to understand the sac- rifices you are making to keep up a continual fruit display, something that has never been attempted at any fair before. Your exhibits in pomology, floriculture, horticulture, and arboriculture are but a meager representation of what you intend to have in the future, but they are now the wonder and admiration of all nations." These strong and commendatory words from the highest horticultural officer at the Exposition, constitute but a sample of the very compli- mentary remarks that were daily made by prominent visitors and that appeared almost daily in the Eastern and foreign newspapers. A perusal of " Comments of the Press," found elsewhere in this report, will prove exceedingly interesting and instructive. It was found by experience that soon after visitors had seen and tasted of the delicious fruits they naturally began inquiries concerning fruit production in general, and especially the varieties of fruits chiefly grown in California. It was then that the best opportunity was afforded to call their attention to statistics displayed as follows, showing the — Acreage of Fruit Trees Growing in California in 1892. Kind of Fruit Trees. Acres Bearing. Not Bearing. Total Acres. Apples Pears Quinces Apricots Cnerries Peaches Nectarines .. Plums Prunes Oranges Lemons Figs Olives Almonds Walnuts Table grapes. Eaisin grapes Small fruits . Totals 13,751 14,368 150 19,831 4,563 33,7fl2 551 3,745 25,329 41,24S 5,612 2,553 2,883 4,386 6,520 16,452 82,222 4,540 5,776 9,375 42 10,194 2,166 21,035 529 1,269 24,298 18,759 4,450 2,678 5,114 4,842 8,392 19,527 23,743 192 30,025 6,729 54,827 1,080 5,014 49,627 60,007 10,062 5,231 7,997 9,228 14,912 16,452 82,222 4,540 282,496 118,919 401,415 42 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. The above figures could be relied on as correct, as they were taken from the official report of the California State Board of Horticulture for 1892. Another interesting table of statistics to visitors was one showing California's Fndt Shipments for 1893. By Rail North of Tehachapi Mountains. By Rail South of Tehachapi Mountains. By Sea from San Francisco. Total Pounds Shipped during 1892. Deciduous green fruits. 95,660,000 224,000 47,686,000 42,148,000 1,142,000 70,808,000 16,028,690 69,491,000 11,049,980 10,965,320 2,875,240 6,747,820 I 1,060,510 696,681 233,640 108,785 32,991,600 Citrus fruits 182,464,200 Dried fruits. .- .... 59 432 661 Raisins ... 53,346,960 4,126,025 110,547,420 Nuts Canned fruits Grand totals 257,668,000 117,158,050 35,091,216 409 917 266 This second table was prepared by Gen. N. P. Chipman, chairman of the committee on the agricultural and industrial resources of California for the State Board of Trade. In the compilation he preferred to divide the State, constituting all that portion north of the Tehachapi Mountains as Northern California, and the remaining portion as Southern Cali- fornia. This division, the usually accepted one, shows that at present Southern California produces practically all the citrus fruits, while Northern California yields the bulk of the deciduous fruits. In both sections growers, taken collectively, are now gradually planting a larger acreage of those varieties least represented. Expressed in carloads of 20,000 pounds each, the figures show that California's fruit shipments during 1892 aggregated 18,741 carloads by rail and 1,754 by sea, or a total of 20,495 carloads. TEHAMA COUNTY EXHIBIT. An alcove, 19 by 22 feet, adjoining the horticultural exhibit on the south, was occupied by Tehama County. The space was utilized like the alcoves comprising the State horticultural display, the sides being inclosed in glass. A wide aisle led from the main west aisle of the building to the windows farther west. From the fact of her being later than some counties in applying for space, Tehama was necessarily given room in the southern end of the building, although her products would more naturally be considered in connection with those of the northern part of the State, and especially of Shasta County. Tehama's exhibit comprised about two hundred and fifty jars of fruits in solution, dried fruits, nuts, grain in the kernel and the sheaf, jellies, and minerals. A special effort was made to show deciduous and citrus fruits and nuts. Oranges and lemons, some of them on branches, were shown in small and large glass jars. Among deciduous fruits repre- sented were plums, prunes, peaches, apples, pears, apricots, olives, and figs. The jelly was made from both cultivated and wild fruits, which naturally gave many tints and shades. The display of nuts included walnuts and almonds, there being many varieties of the latter, although the exhibit of the largest almond-gruwer in the county, A. T. Hatch, was shown in the State horticultural space. Grain in sheaf was used for the double purpose of exhibit and decoration. The Board of Supervisors appropriated $2,500 toward defraying the REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 43 expenses of the exhibit, of which $2,380 was actually expended, while a substantial sum besides was contributed by individuals and firms. FRESNO COUNTY EXHIBIT. Fresno utilized not only the succeeding alcove, but an outside floor space, 26 by 30 feet. The alcove appeared fairly embowered in sheaves, both large and small, of wheat, oats, rye, and barley. The walls were adorned with numerous photographs of Fresno vineyards and mountain scenes, together with other pictures, while the ceiling was decorated with palmetto leaves. In the middle of the room stood a pyramid 8 feet high, the component bricks being 8,000 half-pound boxes of raisins — souvenirs of the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893. Over 25,000 such boxes were distributed to visitors during the fair. A plank of clear sugar pine, 50 inches wide and 15 feet high, stood beside this pyramid. Near by was an excellent picture of the shores of the Hawaiian Islands, embroidered in colored silk by a mountaineer of Fresno County, who had at one time lived at the islands; also a statu- ette of Mercury, carved by a young Italian, from a piece of the sequoia tree known as " General Noble," a section of which graced the rotunda of the United States Government Building on the Exposition grounds. (This tree was originally 300 feet high, and stood on the boundary line between Fresno and Tulare Counties. The portion utilized was cut 20 feet from the ground, and even at this height was 26 feet in diameter and 85 feet in circumference. The section was 30 feet high, the interior being hollowed out to such an extent that a spiral stairway was built in the middle after reaching Chicago, thus affording visitors a desired opportunity of ascending to the top and taking a panoramic view of one of the giant specimens of the botanical world.) The inclosures of the outside floor space of Fresno's exhibit consisted of counters of paneled sequoia gigantea, or "big tree," covered with different sized jars of assorted fruits in clear preservative fluids. Above these and beside the several gateways, rose tall sequoia urns, crowned with heavy heads of durra and a lavish wealth of mounting pampas plumes. In the center of the area was erected a circular installation structure, like an airy summer-house, a dozen feet in diameter. On the circling shelves were set cylinders of choice fruits in solution, and boxes of Fresno figs, raisins, and other dried fruits of many species and vari- eties, arranged under gilt and silvered frames, in positions to encourage close and critical scrutiny. On the highest shelf came a ring of Fresno County jellies; then eaves of Egyptian corn, and over it all a half- sphered roof, thatched thick with headed grains, the pavilion in its entirety proving a novel attraction to strolling sight-seers. Among objects of interest in the collection were an orange cling peach 22 inches in circumference, and a cluster of Muscat grapes weighing 7-| pounds from a two-year-old vine. Here, too, could be found cotton, alfalfa hay, nuts, threshed grain, and a cabinet of ores and other min- erals. A large oil painting of the wild Kings River Cafion, in the Sierra Nevada regions of Fresno County, adorned the partition beneath the gorgeous sign-banners that hung between this and the Kern County exhibit, while scattered among the articles of utilitarian value were fifty fine photographs of the more noted points of interest in this canon. Among other instructive photographs was a series of twenty-four, taken 44 EEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. in one of the representative vineyards of the county, illustrating th& cultivation of the grape and raisin-making, from the pruning of the vine to the placing of raisins in the sweat-boxes preparatory to packing them for market. The pictures showed the pruning of vines, burning the brush, methods of irrigation both by furrows and by flooding, single and double plowing, cultivation, topping, picking, drying, sorting, etc. As a further object-lesson the raisins themselves were to be seen in th& different forms and brands under which they are placed upon the market,, such as clusters, 4-crown layers, 3-crown layers, 2-crown layers, Nos. 1, 2, and 3 of loose raisins, seedless Sultanas, Thompson seedless, and Zante currants. Taking the display as a whole, the following showing was made: 55 varieties of grapes, 22 varieties of peaches, 18 of plums, 16 of olives, 14 of pears, 12 of apples, 8 of apricots, 5 each of figs, oranges, pomegranates, and cherries, 4 each of lemons, quinces, and persimmons, and 3 varieties of pears. A single grower, Geo. C. Roeding, contributed 30 different, varieties of grapes and 12 of olives, while another grower, E. B. Rodgers, exhibited 15 varieties of grapes. Of wines there were displayed port, claret, sherry, angelica, burger, riesling, haut sauterne, cognac, etc. The vegetable world was represented by 10 varieties of beans, 6 of corn, 4 of squashes, 3 of peas and 2 of artichokes, besides potatoes,, carrots, and other garden products; the mineral resources of the county by gold, silver, quicksilver, iron, coal, asbestos, lime, gypsum, granite^ marble, etc. The county exhibit was collected and prepared jointly by a Commis- sion, of which J. H. Harding was President, and Geo. A. Wilson and Mrs. M. B. Stuart, Secretaries, and by the Ladies' World's Fair Associa- tion, of which Mrs. Thos. E. Hughes was President, and Mrs. Wiley J. Tinnin, Secretary. The latter association furnished the souvenir boxes- of raisins for distribution, also the souvenir badges, all table fruits, jellies, pampas plumes, fancy work, paintings, etc. The exhibit at Chicago was- under the charge of Geo. A. Wilson as Manager, and Miss Nellie Boyd as Assistant Manager. The entire expenses connected with the collection and maintenance of the display amounted to $8,500, this sum being met by the County Board of Supervisors in appropriations of $7,500 and $1,000 each. KERN COUNTY EXHIBIT. The Kern County exhibit occupied two rectangular spaces southward^ the alcove space under the gallery being formed into a commodious re- ception-room, where all surrounding objects were suggestive of Kern County. The floor was carpeted as in a parlor, while easy-chairs and sofas invited the visitor to rest. On the table were newspapers, stationery for correspondence, and quantities of State and county literature, espe- cially the taking pamphlets of the Kern County Land Company. A practical effect was obtained by placing upon the table jars of assorted fruits in such a manner as to afford an object-lesson of the county's products to every man and woman who entered the room. Tall jars of fruits in solution were set against the windows, giving sight-seers on the outside the impression of a show window filled with multi-varied fruits. Artistic designs in dried fruits handsomely framed stood on easels in corners of the room, while the available space oh the walls was covered REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 45 with large photographs of Kern County scenery, especially of her •orchards, vineyards, alfalfa fields, and stock farms. On the outer space, which was 26 by 30 feet in size, and across the aisle from the alcove compartment, was one of the most novel installation features in the entire building. It consisted of an arched bridge 25 feet long, 13 feet high, and 4 feet wide, one end resting on a hemisphere inscribed '"Orient," the other resting on a similarly constructed base inscribed "Occident," the intention of the design being to convey the thought that Kern Coupty bridges the world in the wide range of her products. This structure was named the Rialto Bridge, being a minia- ture representation of the historic Ponte di Rialto, the only bridge that for decades spanned the wide Canal Grande in Venice. Being a sin- gularly striking feature and the first exhibit to the left as the visitor entered the building from the south, it attracted general notice. The arch was constructed of light-colored and amber-hued woods, in pleas- ing combinations, with pilasters, panels, etc., rising from the sides, all covered with a corniced roof of such weight and detail as to render the general effect harmonious. A substantial key-stone of architectural beauty capped the archway at the center, while surmounting this stood a golden eagle with outstretched wings, measuring five feet from tip to tip. There were nine minor transverse arches on each side of the 'bridge, formed by the intervening pilasters, and in these were set tall jars of fruit in solution. Other jars of varied size and pattern were placed on the slight projections, and on the series of steps along the sides and ends of the roof, as well as along each side of the floor of the bridge out- side of the roofed portions. ■ Among the different species of fruits in the jars were peaches, pears, apricots, apples, oranges, lemons, nectarines, plums, prunes, figs, olives, quinces, grapes, cherries, blackberries, and raspberries. Under the eighteen transverse arches were an equal number of panels, filled with very clear mosaics of dried fruits, nuts, seeds, etc., all designed and executed by Miss M. E. Armstrong, of Bakersfield. For example, in two of the panels was represented a pair of scales; in one was a map of the world worked out in citron peel and other fruits; while in the other were the varied products of Kern County, which, in their col- lectiveness, overbalanced the world. The background consisted of raisins, the scales, of Silver prunes, with other varieties forming the remaining portions. Another striking piece was the American shield, constructed entirely of dried prunes and peaches, the stars and stripes being accurately worked out in fruits of different shades. Among the other designs were a Maltese cross made of peaches and prunes; a horse- shoe; an anchor; shears in black prunes, with Silver prunes for a back- ground; a cornucopia that represented a bounteous outpouring of fruit and nuts; and a dollar mark worked in fruit, the evident intention of the latter being to indicate that there are dollars in fruit for the careful investor. Besides these, there were several artistic studies in cereals, beans, and nuts. Under the center of the bridge was a triple-terraced stand containing mineral productions of the county, including gold, silver, copper, antimony, lead, asphalt, gypsum, salt, etc. The bridge being set diagonally across the outer rectangle, left two triangular spaces, in opposite comers, which were utilized by placing 46 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. thereon terraced stands loaded with horticultural and other products. Here were fruits in fluid, ripe fruits in season, dried peaches, pears, prunes, apricots, citron, and raisins, together with cereals, such as barley, wheat, oats, corn, Egyptian corn, broomcorn, cotton, and ramie, besides combs of honey, fleeces of wool, a bale of alfalfa hay, and a large block of native asphaltum. About $12,725 was expended in the collection and maintenance of this exhibit, $7,500 being appropriated by the County Board of Super- visors, and $5,225 by different fi,rms and individuals, of which $5,000 was contributed by the Kern County Land Company. Besides the above amounts a goodly sum was expended by the latter company in literature of an advertising nature, the different publications being much sought for, owing largely to the splendid illustrations therein of Kern County scenery. SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA WORLd's PAIR ASSOCIATION. The exhibits from the six southern counties of the State, viz. : Los An- geles, San Diego, San Bernardino, Orange, Santa Barbara, and Ventura, were displayed under what was termed the Southern California World's Fair Association, which began active operations in December, 1891. The association was composed of delegates appointed by the Supervisors of each county. There were ten delegates from Los Angeles County, four from San Diego, three from San Bernardino, and two each from Orange, Ventura, and Santa Barbara Counties, making a total of twenty-three representatives, the county of Riverside not having been formed until a year or more after this organization. The county organizations worked in harmony with the association, and while contributing to a general collective exhibit, representing the products of the southern portion of the State, they maintained separate display-features in both the Califor- nia and the Horticultural Buildings, and also to a certain extent in other department buildings. At an early date the association elected a general manager, the lot falling to Frank Wiggins, Assistant Secretary and Superintendent of the Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce — a man of great energy and executive ability. Each county in turn selected a manager and assistants for the separate county exhibits, subject to the supervision of the general manager. The output of this association filled the entire southeast quarter of the building, or one fourth of the lower floor. Besides this, small areas were allotted on the west side in the State horticultural space. The larger space was divided by aisles into two long rectangular areas, that on the extreme eastern side being 102^ feet long by 15^ feet wide, and containing 1,589 square feet, the inner rectangle being 177 feet long by 26-| feet wide, and containing about 4,690 square feet, or a total of 6,279 square feet. Actual exhibit space in the larger area was somewhat reduced by small aisles that separated distinctive features. The miscellaneous character of the exhibits made it practically impos- sible to establish a plan of installation as systematic as was adopted by some of the individual counties, but the management succeeded in plac- ing upon the main floor six distinctive features that splendidly illus- trated the leading productions of the various sections. It was held that the average visitor entered the building for the purpose of looking at California as a State, and with no well-defined idea of different locali- ties. If, however, he saw a striking feature of any one product or 8axta Barbara (ouxty Kxhihit— olive oil Tower in center— Cai.ikokma lUii.mxc (I'age 47.) Ventura County's "I'.eax Pa'ioda" — Califoknia Buildinu. (Page 48.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 47 products, he naturally inquired the locality from which they came. It was with this in view that the six special features of olive oil, beans, oranges, nuts, raisins, and miscellaneous fruits were separately arranged and so constructed as to convince visitors of the magnitude of the pro- ductions of Southern California in these various lines. No other six contiguous counties expended on their displays as much money in the aggregate as did those forming the Southern California World's Fair Association. Los Angeles County laid out $30,000; San Diego, $15,000; San Bernardino, $12,500; Santa Barbara, $6,000; Ven- tura, $7,500; Orange, $5,000, and Riverside, $3,000. The last county, created by an Act of the Legislature of 1893, was formed after other county exhibits had been forwarded to Chicago. It therefore was not properly a member of the association, but its products were exhibited with those of the other counties. In general, there were n9 large finan- cial contributions outside of the appropriations made as above by the several County Boards of Supervisors. The aggregate appropriations, amounting to $79,000, included disbursements in collecting and main- taining the association's exhibits in both the State and the department buildings. The total number of carloads shipped by the association to Chicago was 73, of which 40 cars were forwarded by Los Angeles County. Santa Barbara County. On entering the California Building by the south portal, attention was at once arrested by the amber-hued obelisk known as the " olive tower," which was built in imitation of Cleopatra's needle, the gilded frame being of light steel. It was 28 feet high, 4 feet square at the base, and tapered gradually until it was but 3 feet square, when the sides of the pyramid converged sharply to a point. The obelisk stood upon a pedestal 6 feet square and 3 feet high. Nearly 2,000 quart bottles of " Virgin olive oil," furnished by Ellwood Cooper, were used in making this singularly striking exhibit. Surrounding the obelisk were a number of large photographs of the " Flower Festivals," consisting principally of a street parade and a " battle of flowers," that have become so prominent a feature of the early winter months at the city of Santa Barbara. These pictures showed vehicles of different kinds, with their wheels, bodies, and tops fairly buried in roses and rare flowers of divers hues and sizes. The horses and often the drivers appeared literally clothed in floral offerings. Numerous floats, unique in design and construction, and entirely covered with cut flowers, were represented in the views, one being accompanied with the statement that as many as thirty-two thousand rose buds had been used to decorate a single carriage. A valuable herbarium, comprising six hundred specimens of pressed wildflowers of Santa Barbara County, scientifically classified by Mrs. Ida M. Blochman, was divided, a portion being in the State educational exhibit and the remainder in the office of the county manager. After the close of the Exposition, the collection was presented to the North- western University at Evanston, Illinois. In the Horticultural Building, Santa Barbara County displayed a number of jars of tropical fruits, boxes of dried fruits, cases of Cooper's and of Ralph Selby's olive oils, lemons by C. F. Eaton, and a large grapevine, 13 inches in diameter, contributed by W. H. Phillips. 48 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION, Within the grounds of the State building, in the California nursery on the Midway Plaisance, in the open court of the Horticultural Build- ing, and upon the " roof garden " of the State Building, the county dis- played about two hundred useful and ornamental trees and plants. The collection comprised among others olives, guavas, lemons, oranges, loquats, and several varieties of palms, especially a sago-palm and the two large date-palms (mentioned elsewhere) near the east entrance of the California Building. There were six carloads of trees from this county alone. Ventura County. Immediately north of this installation feature, and separated therefrom by an aisle, stood Ventura's octagon house, or widely known " Bean Pa- goda," 12 feet in diameter at its base, and 23^ feet high. In its construc- tion 7,056 pieces of redwood were used, and 1,236 pieces of glass, the latter being cut into twenty-seven different shapes. There were six hundred and fifteen glazed compartments filled with beans, even the name of the county, " Ventura," being spelled in differently colored beans on the outside twenty-two times. There were forty artistic designs in beans around the pagoda above the doors and windows, and two five-pointed white stars with red center star over each of the double doors. On the tapering roof, in the circle around the top, appeared the words, wrought in beans of different colors: "Do you know beans when the bag is open?" Nearly 2,000 pounds of beans, representing eighty-three varie- ties, were used in the structure, which was intended to call especial attention to this one product, Ventura being the largest bean-producing county in the State, and containing the largest bean farm in the world. The interior of the pagoda was used by Manager Thompson as an office and a reception-room for guests. Upon a table was the largest single register in the building, with an invitation to visitors to record their names. . The pagoda was designed in accordance with the ideas of Capt. N. Blackstock, of Ventura. George C. Power of that city was the architect, while F. A. Foster had charge of the arrangement of the beans. This county also displayed elsewhere a variety of green and dried fruits, jellies, almonds, English walnuts, peanuts, honey, oats, wheat, barley, corn, birdseed, edible gourds, etc. Included in the fruits were oranges, lemons, pomeloes, shaddocks, figs, olives, loquats, apricots, cherries, prunes, plums, peaches, nectarines, pears, apples, persimmons, and grapes, besides raisins, wine, olive oil, wool, and petroleum. Some of the honey shown was gathered from the blossoms of lima beans a year before the Exposition, being deposited in glass jars by the bees themselves. Of almonds, twenty-one varieties were exhibited in one case. Ventura also maintained in the Horticultural Building an excellent showing of fruits, especially citrus, and in the California exhibit in the Mines and Mining Building a display of petroleum, of which this county is the largest producer in the State. San Diego County. Still farther north, and separated by aisles from other features, was the large and clear-cut raisin pyramid built by San Diego, the most southern county of the State. This structure had a base about 12 feet square, with sides rising vertically about 3 feet to where the pyramid proper began. From this height there was presented only a smooth. Pyraniid of Raisins (San Diego Coitxty). Bean Pagoda to right— California Building. (Page 48.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 49 glassy slope up to where the converging sides met in a point. This result was reached by having the boxes at each end of the six rows cut in half diagonally, so that each upper row was two boxes shorter than the one below. The narrow ledge about the base of the pyramid was garnished with alternate plates of lemons and bottles of oil. Other contributions from this county were to be found in collective exhibits made by the Southern California World's Fair Association. The San Diego Land and Town Company covered a small table with lemons. In the Horticultural Building, the county occupied four differ- ent spaces, two upstairs and two downstairs; she also had a large exhibit of stuffed waterfowl, fishes, shells, etc., in the Fisheries Building. East of the raisin p3'ramid was the woman's booth of the Southern Association — one of the daintiest alcoves in the entire building. Several of the southern counties, notably Los Angeles, Orange, and San Diego, contributed to this booth. There were shown decorated china, various kinds of work in silk, cases of embroidery and drawn work, crocheting, baskets, shell-flower pieces, hair-work, a cocoon portiere, an exquisite floral-pictured coverlet, ostrich plumes, pressed wildflowers, plaques of mounted birds, stuffed eagles and owls, rugs, rustic chairs and settees, photographs, oil paintings, etc. In the decorations the artist's brush was used in connection with hanging tree-moss, pine cones, pampas plumes, etc. This room was in charge of Mrs. Eunice E. Young, of San Diego, and constituted her headquarters, from which she distributed literature, souvenirs, photographs, and other articles designed to call attention to the products of Southern California, and especially to those features wherein woman's work enters. Los Angeles County. North from the raisin pyramid stood the attractive globe of oranges ■constructed by Los Angeles County. Like the pyramid, it had a base about 12 feet square and 3 feet high, the globe itself being about 8 feet m diameter. A total of 6,280 oranges were required to cover it, each orange being supported in a separate wire loop. The design was finished June lOih, and was replenished every fifteen days, requiring a total of 70,000 oranges up to the close of the Exposition. Upon the edges of the base were placed large jars containing oranges in solution. While other counties had, respectively, chosen olive oil, beans, raisins, etc., to represent them, Los Angeles decided to make the orange her special feature. It was with this in view that, besides the orange globe, there was erected in the Horticultural Building the orange tower, 35 feet high and 12 feet square at the base, containing nearly 14,000 oranges; also the "Old Liberty Bell," containing 4,500 oranges. To erect and maintain these three exhibits during the Exposition required a total of over 375,000 oranges, and necessitated an expenditure of nearly $10,000 for the fruit alone. In the report to the Board of Supervisors, submitted during the sum- mer of 1893, Manager Wiggins, describing the county's output at Chicago, said: " Los Angeles County is represented with three of the largest citrus fruit exhibits on the ground; the largest walnut display in two build- ings, and more fruit in glass in the Horticultural Building than any other county in the State. She has also a creditable exhibit in the State classification in the Horticultural Building, and occupies one third of 4w 50 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. the space in the State's exhibit in the Agricultural Building. In the California Building she has the credit of making the Pampas Palace, in consequence of the plumes being raised in that county. Her fruits in glass, with the balance of the southern counties, are exhibited in the Palace of Plenty, and on the pyramid of fruit; her grains and nuts and woods are also exhibited in the booths, jointly with the other localities^ her name also appears in other parts of the California Building where the State classified exhibit is made, while in front of the building her name appears on ninety trees and plants; on the Roof Garden her name is attached to thirty-five plants, and in the Horticultural Court she fills one third of the space; in the State Nursery in the Midway Plaisance about one third of the trees carry her label." Los Angeles County was one of the leading movers in the effort to transport to Chicago a bearing orange and lemon orchard, and set them^ out again with palms and other tropical plants in lawns and nurseries^ two thousand miles from home. This difficult feat, which had never before been accomplished in this country on so large a scale, was most successfully achieved, Los Angeles County furnishing nearly one half of the entire collection. Other notable contributions from the county were several tons of fruit preserved in display jars and many hundred pounds of dried fruit, while a continuous exhibit of fresh fruits and vegetables was maintained during the entire six months of the Exposi- tion. Orange and San Bernardino Counties. The counties of Orange and San Bernardino and the new county of Riverside did not maintain such striking special features in the Cali- fornia Building as did the other four counties comprised in the Southern California World's Fair Association, but their numerous and varied exhibits were distributed among all spaces where the association's prod- ucts were to be seen. Orange County displayed her citrus and deciduous fruits in such a manner as to bring them prominently before the public. Her exhibit of fruit in glass was among the largest of any of the southern counties, while her output in the agricultural line disclosed a pleasing variety of marketable vegetables and luxuriant grains. Her large beets, squashes, celery, cucumbers, corn, oats, etc., attracted much attention, while the specimens of peat soil evoked marked comment. Her showing of nuts, especially English walnuts, was excellent. Besides her displays in the State building, she cooperated with other portions of California in illus- trating the diversity of her productions in the Horticultural, Agricult- ural, and Mining Buildings. San Bernardino County maintained in the State building a pyramid of oranges with an arrowhead design, recalling her famous "Arrowhead Mountain," that constituted an attractive feature. One of her exhibits, and the only one of the kind at the Exposition, was an electric album, stationed near the orange globe. This consisted of a hundred and sixty large views, inclosed in neat wooden frames and arranged in circular form. The leaves were automatically turned, from minute to minute,, by an electric motor hidden in the pedestal. The photographs included views of orchards, vineyards, irrigation works, mountains, valleys, and towns. The exhibit of oranges and lemons made by this county in the Horticultural Building was complete and beautiful. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 51 Miscellaneous Exhibits, Southern California WorlcVs Fair Association. Next to the olive tower, from a base 25 feet long, 12 feet wide, and 3 feet high, rose, in high terraces, the eight-shelved pyramid of fruits in fluid (blossoms and clusters of dates, prickly pears, bunches of bananas, etc., included), on which the southern counties had massed seven hun- dred crystal jars, Ventura, Los Angeles, Orange, and San Bernardino being the heaviest contributors. Among miscellaneous exhibits by the Southern Association in the California Building were upright stands containing framed photographs from Los Angeles and Ventura Counties. Amid these stands was set the Los Xietos and Ranchito walnut-growers' " pagoda" — an eight-sided prism of glass in silvery frame work, about 6 feet in diameter and 12 feet high, with pointed roof, showing large-sized walnuts behind each crystal panel. On the northern end of the space set aside to the Southern Association was a reception space 20 feet square, with rug, table, and seats, walled about with handsome displays of orchard and vineyard products in boxes or in glass, either set aloft on shelves or inclosed in showcases. During the later months this was utilized as oflice headquarters for the manager and assistants. Xear the east entrance to the building stood the " Palace of Plenty," a cruciform white temple (18 feet across), its base impaneled with dried fruits of many sorts and shades, but all in glass frames of uniform size ; its pillars, hexagonal shafts of glass, filled with strata of grains and pulse in divers colors. The inner columns were formed of tubes of clear honey, sorghum syrup, oil, and wine ; the frieze, of jelly tumblers, while on the steps within was a brilliant arraj^ of graded jars of fruits and jellies. All of the six southern counties contributed to this feature. Under the southeast gallery, abreast of the space extending from the oil obelisk to the Palace of Plenty, the alcoves were crowded with prod- ucts from the southern counties. About the pillars were grouped aspiring bamboo and cornstalks 19 or 20 feet in height. Here were heavy-laden vines of peanuts; strings of peppers; bales of alfalfa hay; a cabbage stump as high as one's shoulder and as big around as one's arm; the largest procurable specimens of potatoes, beets, and mangolds, pumpkins, squashes, and melons; sheaves of grain; jars upon jars of cereals, pulse, nuts, and soil samples; cocoons and silk in the different stages of its manufacture. Xear the southeast corner of the area lay a heap of mammoth cucur- bits and lesser vegetables, chiefly from Los Angeles County, capped with a 490-pound pumpkin, 8 feet 9 inches in girth, or nearly 3 feet in diameter, estimated to be large enough to furnish pie for five thousand people. The biggest mangold was from San Diego County. The pump- kins were flanked with two conical stands of fruits in glass, constituting the overflow of the great fruit pyramid. Here was a castor bean stalk from Whittier, three years old and as many feet in circumference; a 15- foot cornstalk, fifty-eight days from seed, grown at Artesia; a water- melon weighing 125 pounds, and sections of a Santa Barbara grapevine large enough for cordwood. The tallest matured corn — Yellow Dent — 19 feet 6 inches high, came from Burbank, and Orange County sent double-jointed peanuts, four kernels in the shell. "J. Archer's mam- moth beehive " was a pretty piece of cabinet work, being a two-story 52 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. houselet, showing through its windows clear comb at least 15 inches wide, and having upon its flat roof a showcase of remarkably fine honey, both in the comb and extracted, made from Santa Barbara flowers. The literature provided by the association was interesting and valuable. While nearly all the counties had leaflets, etc., to distribute almost broad- cast, the chief publication was a pamphlet of more than one hundred pages, entitled " Southern California." This work was issued jointly by the Southern California World's Fair Association and the Bureau of In- formation. The statements in the pamphlet were vouched for by these organizations as being truthful, impartial, and conservative. About two thirds of the space was given to general subjects, such as topography, soil, climate, irrigation, agriculture, horticulture, mining, general farming, pleasure, sport, etc., while the remaining space was devoted to a detailed description of each county. This pamphlet, which was handed to home- seekers and other visitors, contained twenty-four full-page illustrations, besides a beautiful design on the first page of the cover, and a lithograph of the California Building on the last page. Some exceedingly handsome souvenirs were also distributed by the association and by the difl'erent counties. The Los Angeles World's Fair Auxiliary furnished thousands of cards having thereon a view of the San Luis Rey Mission, and on the reverse side a small pocket con- taining California poppy seed. As many as 10,000 souvenir pebbles from Catalina Island, off the coast of Los Angeles, were received at a single shipment; also, 10,000 sea-shells of various kinds and sizes, and 10,000 pieces. of yucca wood. These, with other equally novel mementos, were freely distributed to visitors. "sAN FRANCISCO CHRONICLE" EXHIBIT. North and east of the general display by the Southern California World's Fair Association was an irregular space, 26^ feet long by 9 feet wide at the wider end, occupied by the San Francisco " Chronicle." On the broad counter were many appliances and materials used in printing and illustrating a metropolitan newspaper. Much of the space was kept filled with copies of the special World's Fair edition, issued April 28, 1893. Besides the' regular edition of twenty-four pages, this special issue contained forty pages devoted to the resources, products, and diverse industries of California, as well as a vari- ety of descriptive matter regarding neighboring States and Territories. On the title page appeared the words " California at the World's Fair," and a large cut of the California building at Chicago. Several pages were devoted to the sociological features of the State, including the bar, the school, the church, the press, the military, the turf, clubs, fraternal societies, etc. There was a series of articles on " California's Agricult- ural Interests," under such headings as " The Orchard," " The Vineyard," " The Farm," " The Stock Raiser," " The Wool Grower," " The Dairy," "The Raisin Grower," "The Sugar Industry," and "Irrigation." California's commerce and manufactures were treated in such a man- ner as to cover the history and growth of the railroad, the express, and maritime interests; also ship-building, lumbering, milling, and manufacturing in general. Six pages were given to a description of " The World's Greatest Exhibition," including its history and special features in the Exposition as a whole, and a clear statement of the >4#fl4^<:L.-. REPORT OF WORLD S FAIR COMMISSION. Oo results accruing from the eiTorts made to secure an adequate representa- tion of the products of California at Chicago. The marvelous climate and beautiful scenery of the State were accu- rately described, special articles being given to the mountain and seaside resorts, lakes, springs, etc., also to the healthful sports and amusements that the State affords. Under the head of " Mineral Resources of the Golden State," quartz mining, placer mining, oil wells, and miscella- neous mines were described in detail. Besides these, there were sundry carefully prepared papers on other features, serving to cover every interest and phase of California life. All articles were well illustrated. One of the most instructive features was a two-page map of the State, showing all the counties, principal bays, lakes, rivers, cities, towns, val- leys, mountains, and islands off the coast. On the same page appeared a series of statistics of the productions, etc., of the State, in the line of those which have become so marked a feature of special issues of the " Chronicle." Besides the tens of thousands of copies of the World's Fair edition distributed to visitors, there were to be found on the counter the daily issues of the paper. Attendants were present to answer questions and give desired information. ART DEPARTMENT. Probably no single department of the State exhibit proved so great a surprise to the Eastern visitors as the display in the Art Gallery of the California Building. They expected to find within this building horti- cultural and agricultural products, minerals, choice specimens of wood and lumber, etc., but did not expect to find a collection of paintings more extensive than any other on the grounds, outside of the Art Building. Not only was the California display attractive from the number and variety of the pictures, but the high artistic talent evinced, compared favorably with that of Eastern painters. One enthusiastic art critic from Paris, after a careful examination of the canvases in the California Building, called at the office of the Commission and voluntarily remarked that in his opinion the paintings showed a higher degree of originality and expression than those in the National Gallery. While this may be considered the extreme of encomiums, the complimentary remarks usually made showed that the exhibit as a whole was a valuable object-lesson to visitors, demonstrating to doubting ones that California possesses all the elements of refinement and culture enjoyed by the older States in the Union, notwithstanding the fact that the State is comparatively new and hitherto known chiefly for her material products. The Art Gallery, which occupied the entire north end of the second floor of the building and was splendidly lighted from above, was about 100 feet long and 28 feet wide, and comprised an area of 2,800 square feet. Excluding the doorways, it contained 216 feet of running space 12 feet high, or a total of about 2,600 square feet of wall space. There were in this room ninety oil paintings and five watercolors, all by California artists, and about one half of them by women. The pict- ures were selected in California by a committee of prominent local artists expressly for display at Chicago, and represented the best of California art. All the prominent artists who have been born in the State, and those who have made it their home, displayed in general their most 54 REPORT OP world's FAIR COMMISSION. celebrated works. The intrinsic value of the collection was large, the insurance on the paintings alone being about $72,000. Partly as descriptive of the exhibit, and partly as showing the favor- able comment of the Eastern press, the following from " The Arts," a New York publication, is given : "This is the only State building to provide an art gallery of its own, selecting the pictures with the same care that was bestowed on the Fine Arts Gallery. Norton Bush, who has charge of this department, may well feel a pardonable pride over the success of his efforts. Many of the artists represented have work in the Fine Arts Gallery and are everywhere recognized as artists of ability. The collection is said to equal the exhibitions in Boston and New York, and this recognition is something of a compensation, for after bringing pictures two thousand miles, it is certainly comforting to know that they stand the test. Forty out of the one hundred paintings are by artists who were born in the State. Thos. Hill, the well-known landscape painter, has some strong, well-defined scenes from the mountain dis- tricts. Miss Chittenden is the strongest flower painter, and gives to these much-abused subjects the character and value they deserve. Mr. Bush has made himself known as a tropical painter. Having spent considerable time in that locality, he has become familiar with his sub- jects and handles them with a confidence that brings out their best qualities. The painting of Norton I, by Oscar Kunath, has quite a history. * * * ' Old Sailors' Home ' is a broadly painted canvas by Lee Lash. Painting of ' Lenten Lilies,' by Mrs. Mary Curtis Richard- son, is an exquisite and most harmonious rendering of a young lady. The pose is charming, while the color is a perfect symphony of yellows. Miss Evelyn McCormick has two pictures in the Fine Arts Gallery ; of these, 'Afternoon at Giverny' is the most interesting. The most noted painting is Toby E. Rosenthal's 'The Seminary Alarmed.' 'Plucking of the Geese,' by Arthur F. Mathews, suggests the Munich school." Among other noteworthy paintings in this collection were six by Wm. Keith, of San Francisco, including his " California Oaks," " Early Moon- rise," "The Deep, Somlare Woods," "Stormy Day in Sonoma County," and two loaned by individual owners; also a large canvas, "Sunday in California in the Early Days," by the late Chas. C. Nahl, the first painter who made his home in California. Sixty artists were represented in the gallery by their works. In the corridors and offices were paintings to the number of about twenty. Besides these, there were in other portions of the building a large number of watercolor pictures by Miss Lillian Howard, of Santa Cruz, and about two hundred more by Miss Faustina Butler, of San Francisco, elsewhere mentioned in this report. A collection of twenty-four watercolors, by Henry Chapman Ford, of Santa Barbara, of the old missions of California, hung on the south end of the gallery, and an equal number of etchings by the same artist hung in front of the offices of the Commissioners. On the east corridor was a collection of twenty-one views in the Hawaiian Islands, being photographs colored and sepia work; also four oil paintings, all exhibited by the Oceanic Steamship Company of San Francisco. Farther north, on the same corridor, was a series of forty- eight photographs of California scenery by W. H. Jackson, of Denver, Colorado, together with a collection of eight views of Alaskan scenery,' etc., exhibited by the Pacific Coast Steamship Company of San Francisco, REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 55 and a painting of the city of Santa Cruz, California, exhibited by the artist, Frank L. Heath, of Santa Cruz. There was shown on the west wall an oil painting, " Driving the Last Spike," by Thomas Hill, depicting the scene at the driving of the last spike that connected the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railways in 1868. One very pleasing feature was a series of seven paintings by Reed and Gross, of Chicago, showing typical California scenes, the canvases being so large as to attract general notice. The three on the north gallery were each 20 by 30 feet in size, the central one being a faithful representation of San Francisco harbor and the Golden Gate, painted at the instance and expense of Vice-President Phelan of the California World's Fair Commission. To the left was " Christmas at Pasadena," representing in the foreground ornnge trees loaded with fruit, with flowers, palms, and other semi-tropical plants, and a bird's-eye view of Pasadena and prominent driveways in the distance. The cost of this painting was borne by residents of Pasadena and vicinity. To the right was a paint- ing of equal size of " Vina Vineyard," the largest vineyard in the world, belonging to the Leland Stanford estate and comprising about four thousand acres in vines. Along the northwest corridor were smaller paintings of the interior of the winery at Vina, the Leland Stanford Jr. L^niversity at Palo Alto, and "New Year's at Del Monte." In the middle of the east corridor hung a painting about 20 by 30 feet, " Irriga- tion at Kern Delta," showing the splendid s^-stem of irrigation in use on the property of the Kern County Land Company. The town of Bakers- field appears in the distance. Photographs, sketches, watercolors, and other works of art hung in the different county exhibits, adding materially to the general effect of the building. woman's department. What was known as the " Woman's Department " occupied, for the general exhibit, a space 117 feet long by 19 feet wide, or an area of 2.223 square feet, on the west gallery, at the northern end of the building. Besides this there were smaller apartments, forming partial reception- rooms and offices, in the northwest corner, containing about 600 square feet, making a total of 2.800 square feet. Both floor and wall space were well utilized. The exhibit was gathered from all portions of the State, and from homes rather than from business houses, the collection, prepa- ration, and management being under the sole charge of the California Board of Lady Managers. This Board was created by a resolution of the State World's Fair Commission, there being one member for each congressional district, and was constituted as follows: Mrs. E. 0. Smith, of San Jose, President; ]\Iiss Flora M. Kimball, National City, First Vice-President; Mrs. A. M. Marsellus, Alameda, Second Vice-President; Mrs. A. ]\L Reed, Laytonville; Mrs. V. S. Bradley, Nevada City; Mrs. E. S. Cummins, San Francisco, and Mrs. Olive C. Cole, of Los Angeles. Mrs. Cole resigned about the time the Exposition opened, and at a later date Mrs. Amanda P. Wiggins, also of Los Angeles, was appointed as her successor. Mrs. Smith, Mrs. Marsellus, Mrs. Bradley, 5lrs. Cum- mins, and Mrs. Wiggins remained at Chicago during the entire six months of the Exposition, actively engaged in the several lines into which they had agreed to divide the work of this department. The 56 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. other members visited the Exposition at different times, and afforded all possible aid, the same as they had rendered at their homes. With perhaps the single exception of that from Illinois, the California exhibit was the most complete and representative display of woman's work at the Exposition. The exhibit space proper was subdivided into three sections, the Eschscholtzia and Wildflower rooms each occupying areas about 20 feet square at the southern end, the entire remaining space, up to the Art Gallery, constituting one room. The Eschscholtzia or Poppy Room was denominated the cream of the Woman's Department. It was projected and planned by Mrs. E. 0. Smith and Mrs. A. M. Marsellus, the chief object being to honor the California poppy, or State flower, and to show the decorative effects that may be obtained from its different yellow shades, varying from the lightest lemon tint to the deepest orange. Seven shades of yellow were used in the room. It was considered a daring attempt to combine these in the decorations of one apartment in such a manner as to retain the effect of harmony and yet make it pleasing to the eye, but the attempt was successful. During the last few months of the Exposition it was hardly possible to pass this exhibit without elbowing through an admir- ing crowd. The ceiling of the room was somewhat in the shape of a mansard roof, the sloping sides being decorated with garlands and wreaths of poppies. The center canvas was an attractive painting of a girl, representing Flora, and two cupids on the wing scattering poppies broadcast, indicative of the countless numbers of these flowers in Cali- fornia, and of the State's material blessings, which are free to all. The decorations in the room were in white and gold, but the poppy reigned supreme. There were rich and beautiful portieres, divans, screens, sofa pillows, jardinieres, etc., all embroidered or painted with the native golden flower. The Graham Decorative. Art Company, of San Francisco, furnished portieres of white silk, heavily embroidered. An excellent piece of drawn work on yellow silk was secured from Mexican women, who excel in this branch of needlework. Two parlors of Native Daugh- ters sent banners embroidered in silk and gold, while cushions, drapes, and foot-rests were contributed by women in different parts of the State. There were portraits of Sybil Sanderson and Eleanor Calhoun, native California daughters who have become distinguished in the lines of the opera and the drama. A telling poem on the California popp}^, penned by a California authoress, was embroidered in gold on a silken banner and suspended neaj the wall. Among other interesting features in the room were a piano, finished in white and gold and decorated with Cali- fornia scenes, loaned by C. C. Hornung, of San Francisco; a light gold- tinted carpet of much richness, furnished by Mrs. M. H. de Young; a painting of poppies by Maude Nourse; an Indian basket, filled to overflowing with poppies and resting upon a handsome table of Califor- nia onyx, and Angora rugs of great beauty, loaned by C. P. Bailey, of San Jose. Adjoining the room devoted to the State flower was the Wildflower Room, which served, besides other purposes, as a gentle reminder of the freshness and beauty of rural life in California. The walls were covered with draped folds of olive-green silk, while the corresponding draperies on the ceiling centered in a golden sun. The hanging draperies were of olive-colored brocaded satin, edged with golden fringe. Over the green background on both walls and ceiling was a network of twigs and small > REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 57 branches of trees. Artificial California poppies were placed here and there, singly and in bunches. On the walls hung a number of large paintings in watercolors of California wildtlowers, there being a hundred or more varieties represented. The exhibit as a whole comprised thirty- six separate paintings, loaned by Mrs. Marianne Mathieu of San Fran- cisco. The collection was botanical, the artist having given twenty years or more to painting and classifying them. A delicate pattern of grill- work in wood, painted in white and gold, and rich portieres formed an archway and draperies for the opening between the Eschscholtzia and Wildflower rooms. A beautiful upright piano of Circassian walnut, donated by George P. Bent of Chicago to three members of the Ladies' Board, occupied a corner of the room and was at all times open for the use of visitors. The remaining space, about 80 feet in length, formed one large exhi- bition-room for general articles of woman's handiwork. This room was inclosed on three sides, the front offering a clear sweep of the exhibits from almost any point in the northern end of the building. A neat carpet covered the floor; the walls and uprights were appropriately dec- orated, while easy-chairs were numerous, the general effect of the room being suggestive of comfort and hospitality. Large glass cases inclosing" sea-moss, ocean shells, keramic work, embroidery by Indian and IMex- ican women, cocoons, etc., were arranged on the floor, while paintings of all sizes and kinds hung on the walls. The sea-mosses and shells were contained in two cases, both exhibits being greatly admired by Eastern visitors. That from Monterey County was inclosed in a unique case of redwood with an oval glass top, donated by the Pacific Improvement Company. Under the glass was a semi-pyramid covered with white silk, the delicate moss in vari-colored shades being laid thereon. The display from Santa Cruz was artistically arranged, the pressed moss being laid on white satin. Both counties also displayed a variety of shells. One peculiarly attractive object was a portiere 10 feet in length and 7 feet in width, made entirely of diminutive sea-shells, by Mrs. S. M. "Walker, of Santa Monica. A case containing painted china, set near the middle of the room, was much admired by lovers of keramic art. Mrs. Vincent Neale, of San Rafael, and Miss Hall, of Alameda, were the principal exhibitors of their own work. Other contributors were Mrs. Wm. E. Fisher and Mrs. Susan Sroufe, of San Francisco, and Miss Lulu Weatherwax, of Placerville. A novel feature was a redwood piano made by H. Schomberg & Co., of Los Gatos. The entire instrument, even to the sounding-board, was constructed of redwood. Manufacturers had heretofore claimed that no material other than spruce was suitable for a sounding-board, but the rich tone of this instrument was a practical refutation of that state- ment. The case showed the artistic effects possible in curly redwood, polished merely enough to bring out the natural grain. Two beautiful, large easels were the work of the ladies of Oakland. On one of the easels was exhibited a cabinet made of twenty-eight kinds of native woods from Alameda County, containing silk from cocoons raised by Mrs. Wm. Kirk, of Oakland. A quantity of the cocoons was also on exhibition, they being considered of a high commercial grade. One large case was filled with specimens of drawn work by Mexican and Indian women, and articles of needlework too numerous to mention from those most skilled in fancy work and plain sewing. A case of paintings 68 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. of California birds and flowers on ivorine, by Mrs. M. A. Fish, of Benicia, formed a very pleasing part of the exhibit. An inlaid table of native woods was forwarded by A. Rahlves, of Westport. Lake County con- tributed two handsome showcases. One of the most interesting features in this department was an elabo- rately carved mantel of curly redwood. There was a combined eft'ect of massiveness and richness, demonstrating to a striking degree the possi- bilities of redwood in household decorations. On the upper portion of the mantel, on each side of the oval mirror, were arranged nine medal- lions of woods indigenous to Alameda County, or eighteen medallions in all, while the mirror itself was set in native woods. Just below the mirror was an onyx clock, so constructed that on the dial each hour was marked with a circle, and in each circle was a picture of some scenic point in Alameda. On the front face of the base of the clock was in- scribed in golden letters, "Dawn of Woman's Era; Time to Reap the Harvest." In panels on each side of the dial were carved figures repre- senting Dawn and the Reaper. The mantel and clock, together with ■other articles, were contributed by ladies of Alameda. The pictures on the walls were numerous, and embraced novel and meritorious works of art. Probably the one that attracted the most attention was a large canvas painted by C. Kahler, and owned by the late Mrs. Kate E. Johnson of San Francisco, the title being "My Wife's Lovers." It contained figures of forty-two large Angora cats, being only a fraction of the total number in possession of the owner, and represented these household pets in every conceivable attitude of play- fulness. Two oil paintings of Indian babies, "Little Mendocino" and ■" The Interrupted Bath," were by Grace Hudson of Mendocino County, who has made a study of Indian subjects. In the general collection were landscapes, portraits, floral studies, buildings, war scenes, etc. Several oil paintings were loaned by Mrs. M. S. Brown of San Jose (specimens of whose work were accepted in the Fine Arts Department in the Woman's Building), by Mrs. Ellen B. Farr of Pasadena, Miss Kate E. Cole of Oakland, and Miss Ida Coates of San Jose. A fine display of oil and watercolors was sent by the Ladies' Board of Alameda County. Watercolor paintings were contributed by Miss K. M. Casey of Los Angeles; a tapestry picture by Mrs. Henry Krebs of San Fran- cisco; and a life-sized portrait of President Cleveland in pyrogravure, or fire-etching, by Miss Lillian O'Hara of San Francisco. Among other artists exhibiting in the department were Mrs. Maude Nourse of San Jose, Mrs. F. M. Stone of San Francisco, Mrs. M. Ashmead of Los Angeles, Mrs. M. K. Irving of Colfax, and Miss Alva C. Clapp of Lodi. There were several noticeable works in embroidered tapestry. Two were by Mrs. J. F. Jenkins of Los Angeles, one " Mary Queen of Scots," and the other, " Weighing of the Deer," or " Returning from the Chase." The latter was a comparatively small picture, but required years to ■construct, there being a total of about 1,250,000 stitches in the piece. The work was so finely drawn that at a distance visitors were apt to consider it an oil painting. The former was 6 by 4 feet in size, and represented the surrender of Mary Queen of Scots to the confederate lords in 1567. In this study, which took eight years to execute, there were twenty-five men and women, four horses, four banners, and a large tree, with foreground of grass, shrubbery, and other accessories. The queen was depicted as mounted on a horse elegantly caparisoned, her REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 59 costume being of royal purple. Highlanders in bright Scottish plaids, with battle-axes and spears, followed as mounted attendants. A smaller tapestry picture, but of equal merit, was a " Scene in the Harem," by Mrs. A, Mangenberg of Santa Cruz, and still another, " Columbus before Ferdinand and Isabella," executed by Sisters in the Convent of Notre Dame at San Jose, was considered so excellent that after the close of the Exposition it was ordered sent to the Pope at Rome by Mrs. Cain of Ala- meda, who was instrumental in having the work done. Art work in another. line was represented by a collection of native flowers on native woods, loaned by Miss L. J. Reeves of Ukiah. The collection comprised one hundred and tw'enty-eight specimens of wood, mostly redwood, well selected and highly polished, a few of them being so beautiful in themselves that they were exhibited as natural land- scapes. On most of them, however, were painted two or more varieties of wildflowers. Several splendid specimens of redM^ood burl were con- tributed by ditFerent California women. There were many other articles in this room and in those used as semi-offices, the exhibit as a whole comprising almost the entire range of woman's work. Considered as a portion of the Woman's Department, but not the work of California women, was a collection of oriental rugs, tapestry, and embroidery, imported by M. B. Mihran, of San Francisco. The sixteen pieces were hung about the galleries in the northern end of the building. Included in the assortment was a royal antique Iran rug, 18 by 7 feet; a royal Ispahan rug, 14 feet square; Persian tapestry of the sixteenth century, and a Kurdistan Sine rug, 6 by 4 feet, said to con- tain over eight hundred stitches to the square inch. The work of the members of the Ladies' Board at Chicago was of a varied character. In addition to the care of exhibits in their depart- ment, they assisted very materially in the receptions and entertain- ments given by the State Commission, besides giving several receptions exclusively under their management. Among the more noted was the enjoyable one tendered Mrs. Madge Morris Wagner, of San Diego, the gifted author of the poem, " New Liberty Bell," that suggested the making of the great Columbian Liberty Bell; the reception to the twenty-one prize children of the public schools of California, who were given an excursion to the Exposition by the San Francisco " Examiner"; reception to the Western Association of California Pioneers, and to the different musical geniuses who arrived from California from time to time. The ladies lent a helping hand to the sick and weary who entered the building, and in that very efTective way reached the hearts of large numbers of women in other States and countries. Several thousand beautiful souvenirs prepared by the California Board at their own expense were distributed at Chicago. Arrangements were made through the Board for the appearance in the Woman's Build- ing of a number of talented women orators and musicians, thereby maintaining the position of California women in other than material lines. Before going to Chicago the members of the Board were energetic in promoting interest in the California exhibit by appearing before vari- ous organizations of World's Fair workers. They visited twenty-seven different counties and formed thirty World's Fair Auxiliaries for women's work. These societies aided in stimulating local commission- ers to greater activity, and were ingenious in devising plans for raising 60 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. money and designing novelties in the line of exhibits. In several cases where county appropriations had not been secured, members of the Board appeared before the Supervisors and were instrumental in obtain- ing the same. Among these were San Francisco with an appropriation of $10,000, San Mateo with $3,000, Humboldt with $4,000, and Sacra- mento with an increased appropriation of $2,000. From the beginning of the work to the close of the Exposition much aid and encouragement was received from the California members of the National Board of Lady Managers and their alternates, especially from Mrs. James R. Deane, Mrs. P. P. Rue, and Mrs. I. L. Requa. STATE WOOD AND FORESTRY EXHIBIT. The wood and forestry exhibit in the California Building was installed on the west-side walls of the second floor, opposite the rotunda. It cov- ered a wall surface averaging 84 feet long and 14 feet high, or 1,175 square feet. Generally speaking, it was a duplicate of the collective State exhibit in the Forestry Building. Sixty-four kinds of wood were represented by more than one hundred specimens varying in width from 6 or 8 inches to 6 or more feet. As far as was possible, the exhibit contained samples of all the valu- able and beautiful woods of California, together with their foliage, cones, and barks; also many interesting photographs of lumber scenes. It was intended to illustrate the great variety of California woods and their adaptability to building purposes, as well as their wonderful beauty when used in the manufacture of furniture and other decora- tive woodwork. All specimens were plainly labeled with both the popular and botanical names, in order that visitors who desired could study them at will. Among the species which attracted most attention were the redwood, California black walnut, and sequoia gigantea or California "big tree." The larger specimens of redwood burl were particularly interesting to visitors. The uses to which slabs of curly redwood, so hard that they can scarcely be chopped, and so heavy that they will sink like stone, could be put in making fancy furniture and veneers, proved especially surprising. The gnarled and twisted madrone was brought out as a fancy wood. Even the Monterey cypress was shown worked up into remarkably fine boards. Specimens of sycamore, with their beautiful soft sheen, formed an interesting portion of the exhibit. There were also boards of maple of the straight and bird's-eye varieties, polished until the surfaces were as bright as a mirror; white cedar boards, with their smooth, close grain; while the manzanita, with their blood-red hearts and white borderings, came in for a goodly share of praise. The fact that eight different kinds of oak were represented was one of the marvels. Laurel, myrtle, ash, and walnut, the last exceedingly rich in its markings and in the variety of shades from black and brown to yellow, were included in the collec- tion. As in the California exhibit at the Forestry Building, there were also many strange and peculiar instances of figured boards, limbs, and trunks of trees. A human heart was outlined in one specimen ; in others could be seen shapes of animals, birds, etc., while upraised on seemingly natural legs was the well-defined head of an elephant, the wood forming REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 61 this specimen being manzanita. One piece of bark of the sequoia gigan- tea was 2^ feet in diameter. Thomas Hatch, the collector of the exhibit, divided his time between the California and Forestry Buildings, and often entertained visitors by- showing them his novel and apparently correct method of discovering animals and other figures in trees. His experience had been that wherever he found a well-defined contour on the bark or tree, the same would appear in the wood. The samples of a number of the woods, such as walnut, redwood, and maple, were critically examined by Eastern manufacturers of artistic furniture and by skilled veneerers. Owing to the beautiful grains and the happy blendings and high luster shown to be possible, immediate orders were often given for different sorts, especially for the redwood burl, the early redwood, and the black walnut. Mr. Hatch, who has been a worker in fancy woods for thirty-three years, states that before the collection of this exhibit had gotten well under way, choice burl was selling for about 10 cents a square foot of one inch in thickness. After the close of the Exposition, it was found that the demand in San Fran- cisco from Eastern people, who had seen the beauty and possibilities of the product, had been so great that there were but few really choice specimens in the entire city, and that the price of burl had risen to nearly $1 a square foot. Figured redwood from the body of the tree, that used to go to the fire, is now being carefully saved, and dealers are holding it at a high price. Many inquiries were made regarding the California walnut, which grows in many parts of the State almost as rank as the thistle. For veneering purposes, one square foot of French walnut one thirtieth of an inch thick commands about 25 cents. Careful tests in this State seem to indicate that the California walnut exceeds the French in luster and will retain its luster longer. Taken as a whole, inquiry shows that the combined exhibit in the State Building and in the Forestry Building has already resulted in increasing the commercial uses of California woods, and will undoubt- edly increase them more rapidly in the future, thereby proving of direct benefit to all persons connected with lumber interests in the State. There was shown to be a wide market in the East and in Europe for fancy woods, provided the samples are well selected and can be obtained at a fair price. Among the different species exhibited in the California Building were the following: Live oak, hickory oak, black oak, red oak, white oak, tanbark oak, maul oak, buckeye, alder, laurel, madrone, redwood, fir, sequoia or "big tree," bull pine, sugar pine, yellow pine, Monterey cypress, Monterey pine, California walnut, white cedar, red cedar, Cali- fornia ash, maple, sycamore, elm, coffee tree, manzanita, eucalyptus, nutmeg, lilac, cottonwood, magnolia, yew, myrtle, wild cherry, olive, spruce, locust, pear, black acacia, pepper, orange, rubber, camphor, Spanish cedar, hemlock, birch, elder, Douglas spruce, fig, salmon berry, castor bean, white thorn, mountain mahogany, furze, and azalea. WELLS, FARGO & CO.'S EXHIBIT. "Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express occupied the extreme southwestern por- tion of the gallery, being a space 72 feet long and 19 feet wide, or an area of 1,368 square feet. The exhibit was largely an historical one, 62 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION, being intended to portray in a graphic manner how, in pioneer days, the messengers of Wells, Fargo & Co. braved dangers, and even death, to protect the property intrusted to their care. On the walls were hung portraits of Henry Wells, William G. Fargo, and other founders of the express business in the West, together with those of C. P. Huntington, Leland Stanford, Charles Crocker, and Mark Hopkiirs, Directors of the company; also of all its eight Presidents, including John J. Valentine, who was elected President in 1892. There were articles showing the growth of the company from its organization in 1852 to 1893, especially its banking and express system, and that of the special letter carrier and delivery service for the benefit of isolated settlers and miners in out-of-the-way camps, the letter carry- ing being independent of, but to a certain extent auxiliary to, that of the United States mails. There were also shown the methods employed in the regular mail service of the famous Pony Express, which was established in 1860 to anticipate the regular Government service, and by which weekly trips, for letters only, were made between St. Joseph, Mo., and Sacramento, Cal., ten days being usually occupied in the journey. The partition wall to the north and the space over and around the windows at the west were covered with photographs, crayons, cartoons, etc., of individuals and robbery scenes, together with implements used by robbers to open ti'easure-boxes, and weapons carried by the armed messengers who guarded the gold and other express matter. Placards and posters showed the gruesome side of early express life. One placard stated that from 1870 to 1884 the total loss of the company, incident to robberies, reached the large sum of $927,726. During this period there were three hundred and thirteen stage robberies, thirty-four attempted robberies, twenty-three burglaries, four train robberies, and four attempts at train robbery. Sixteen stage robbers were killed by messengers, and seven hanged by citizens; two of the company's guards were killed and six wounded; also four drivers killed and four wounded during the same period. There was a poster offering $10,000 reward for the arrest and con- viction of Evans and Son tag, the notorious train robbers; photographs and scenes about the San Francisco office after the great nitro-glycerine explosion of April 16, 1866, in which four persons, including Superin- tendent Knight, lost their lives; a picture of George Hackett, a widely known shotgun messenger, who has more than once made it unpleasant for robbers; Black Bart's valise, captured after his last exploit in Cala- veras County in 1883, being his twenty-seventh stage robbery during an eight years' career; a picture of " Chips " (Pillsbury Hodgkins), a daring man of the early mining days, who served with the compan}^, princi- pally as messenger, for forty consecutive years; picture of Hank Monk, a favorite stage driver of the Sierra, who became somewhat famous when, in 1859, he had Horace Greeley for a passenger, it being during this rapid ride that he uttered the afterwards popular phrase, " Keep your seat, Horace; I'll get you there on time"; picture of " Shotgun Taylor," the driver of reckless daring, who, in 1865, drove Speaker Schuyler Colfax and his distinguished party down the Sierra, a distance of fifty miles, in less than four hours. There were also displayed broken treasure- boxes, a bullion bag, bullion sandal, the oldest railroad pass in existence, a bogus bar of gold, leather ''grip-sack," sundry old-fashioned REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 63 pistols, "pony" stamps, express franks, money orders, waybills, state- ments, etc. The humorous side of express life was recorded in a rare collection of bric-a-brac, consisting of bullion bags, cast-off clothing contributed by various expressmen throughout the country, tin cans, pouches, old hats, a bridle, saddle, etc., all suspended by a string from the ceiling. Two frames mounted on stands stood near each end of the exhibit room, a number of the interesting and curious articles previously mentioned, together with others, being neatly hung on the two sides thereof. There were chairs within the inclosure for the convenience of visitors, while on tables near at hand were catalogues for free distribution, giving a list and description of the articles exhibited. HISTORICAL EXHIBIT. The Historical Department occupied the south gallery of the California Building, with one of the most interesting of the varied displays, cover- ing, as it did, the first, or Aboriginal, era — the period prior to any attempts at civilizing the native Indians; the second, or Mission, era, from the advent of the Franciscan friars throughout nearly a century, during which time the numerous missions for which California is noted were constructed ; and the later, or Pioneer, era. Many hours could be spent in this exhibit studying the past of a marvelous State. Major Horace Bell, of Los Angeles, contributed a large selection of Spanish documents bearing upon the early history of California, translated expressly for this purpose. There was an oil painting of "^ Roxas," the oldest Mission Indian, who died recently at Santa Cruz, aged 123 years; a German Bible, dated 1725; a gun carried by General Fremont's guide, Godey; a curiously carved Mexican cane; a large collection of Indian baskets, jugs, mortars, and other aboriginal utensils; fourteen large paintings, "Stations of the Cross," the work of early Indian converts; an old oaken door, with brass bearings, also an altar candlestick and a tile from Mission San Gabriel; a quaint wheel-chime, made by Indian converts, and a plumb weight, used in the building of Mission San Juan Capistrano; an ancient carved bench from Mission San Fernando; a section of joist from Ventura Mission; music book used by an Indian choir at Mission Santa Cruz; photographs of Governor Pio Pico, and of old Mexican buildings and scenes. The Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce forwarded a stufifed pelican from San Diego Bay. Ex-Commissioner John Daggett, of San Fran- cisco, contributed a large and complete collection of Indian curios, embracing wearing apparel, ornaments, food products, and utensils illustrating methods of procuring and preparing the same, baskets, stone and horn implements, fish nets, bows, arrows, wampum, head dress, pipes, baby trinkets, etc. Don Marco Forster, of San Juan Capistrano, sent an original manuscript of Padre .Junipero Serra, and an old Andalusian blunderbuss. Henry Chapman Ford, of Santa Barbara, contributed a complete set of watercolor paintings of the twenty-four California mis- sions. Mrs. Mary E. Hart, of Los Angeles, custodian of the Historical Exhibit, showed a collection of feather hair-ornaments of Digger Indians, and an adobe brick from Sutter's Fort. The Historical Society of Southern California sent a life-size portrait of Governor Pio Pico, a collection of framed engravings, Spanish docu- 64 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. ments, Indian soapstone vases, ollas, etc. James D. Phelan, Vice-Presi- dent of the California World's Fair Commission, sent a large collection of paintings and engravings, illustrating the growth and progress of San Francisco from 1846 to the present time. Don Jose Wolf skill sent two large paintings, " Typical Spanish Homes of Southern California." Donna Elena Wolfskill contributed Spanish drawn work of Mission Indians, Spanish mantilla, Mexican pottery, Indian baskets, wood carv- ing, etc. Pio Pico sent a Spanish embroidered wedding garment and an ancient muffler. K. H. Wade of Los Angeles contributed some large photogravures of the old missions. There was an old-time Mexican plow from Bakersfield; petrifactions, etc., from San Pedro; original manuscripts by James W. Marshall, loaned by Miss M. Kelly, of San Francisco; pioneer relics from Colton, and iron utensils, made by Indian blacksmiths, from San Juan Cap- istrano. The San Diego Chamber of Commerce sent an Indian mortar and a cannon-ball from the bottom of the bay. Don Antonio Coronel of Los Angeles contributed an exact model, about 8 feet long and 4 feet wide, of the San Luis Rey Mission. From the Southern California Science Association of Los Angeles there was an exhibit embracing botany, conchology, entomology, and ornithology. The collection as a whole was considered by Professor F. W. Putnam, Chief of the Department of Ethnology and Archseology at the World's Columbian Exposition, so valuable that he was a frequent visitor to the California Building. His coveting the exhibits proved of no avail, for they were mostly owned by loyal residents of the State and were neither for gift nor for sale. STATE EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. One of the displays in the California Building that was in the nature of a surprise to Eastern visitors, was the collective educational exhibit. People who had not given the subject careful study knew California as a gold-producing, horticultural, and agricultural State, but supposed her deficient in educational facilities. When, therefore, they found by examination that the contrary was true, their complimentary remarks, to the effect that California stood among the first of the States in nearly every department of the Exposition, were very pleasing to residents of the Golden State. No other State building, with one possible exception, contained an educational exhibit, especially of public schools, compar- able with that in the California Building. The special educational committee selected by the California World's Fair Commission did not aim at securing an extensive exhibit. They sought rather to select individual schools in the various sections of the State that would serve as types and indicate the character of buildings, equipment, and quality of instruction, so far as photographs, drawings, and illustrative work could give a clear idea of present conditions, and make a showing that would be ample and varied enough fairly to set forth the educational facilities of the State, and demonstrate that the system here maintained is equal to the best. The exhibit of the public school system of the State contained most complete and clear statistical charts of difierent counties, showing the following general statistics: Area in square miles, population at the census of 1890, assessed valuation of all property in each county, valuation of school property, expenditures for school purposes during REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 65 1892, cost per capita on enrollment, number of schools of one depart- ment, number of schools of two departments or more, number of high schools, number of private schools, average months of school during the year, number of school district libraries, and value of school appa- ratus in each county. Following these interesting statements there appeared on the same chart historical and comparative statistics, giving the number of schools in each county, annual expenses for school pur- poses, and total valuation of school property for the year 1860, 1870, 1880, and 1892; also the number of pupils in each county during these years, including not only the number according to the census reports, but also the number enrolled and the average attendance. Another section of the chart gave the number of teachers employed, both male and female, and the average monthly salaries of such teachers in 1860, 1870, 1880, and 1892. Lastly, there appeared the annual expenses of each county for school purposes during 1860, 1870, 1880, and 1892, and the total valuation of school property for the j^ears named. Thirty-two counties out of the fifty-four in the State at the time the educational reports were collated, were represented by statistical charts, relief maps, specimens of drawing, written work of pupils, and entomo- logical, mineral, and botanical collections. Not all of the counties pre- pared as full a list as the above, but virtually all were represented by the statistical charts, which were practical object-lessons of great value, and other kindred exhibits. Among State institutions represented in the exhibits were the Uni- versity of California, Lick Observatory (the latter being the astronomical department of the University), and the State Normal Schools at Los Angeles, San Jose, and Chico. There were photographs of the exteriors and interiors of these buildings, together with specimens of college and school work, statistical records, reports, etc. From the Lick Observa- tory were shown photographs of the location of the Observatory on Mount Hamilton, and of the diiferent telescopes and other instruments, and especially photographs of heavenly bodies taken through the great o6-inch telescope, this being the largest refracting telescope in the world. There was a full series of State text-books, furnished by the State Board of Education, together with official blanks and reports of Superintend- ents of Public Instruction. The cities of Los Angeles, Oakland, San Jose, Stockton, and San Francisco were special contributors to the general display. The work of the San Francisco schools was simply embodied in a statistical chart, the data being arranged by the Superintendent in charge of the educa- tional exhibit at Chicago. The schools of the other cities furnished a goodly quota of exhibits. Oakland and San Jose contributed written work of pupils in all grades, the exhibit of Oakland being in bound volumes. The public and private kindergartens made an excellent showing. The Golden Gate Kindergarten Association of San Francisco, represent- ing thirty-six schools, all under the general sujjervision of Mrs. Sarah B. Cooper, President of the International Kindergarten Union, naturally contributed the largest number and variety of exhibits. There were photographs of buildings, rooms, typical pupils, classes, a full line of children's work, and official reports by Mrs. Cooper. The Silver Street Kindergarten of San Francisco showed specimens of remarkal:»le work by children, also formal reports of the institution. Emma Marwedel, 5w 66 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. the pioneer trainer who died late in 1893, furnished a series of form, color, number, and language charts, together with inventions of children, and books and papers elucidating her particular system of kindergarten work. The Peabody Kindergarten of San Jose, the City of San Diego, and Humboldt County contributed work by children. Of the private educational institutions in the State the following were represented: Leland Stanford Jr. University in Santa Clara County, Mills College in Alameda County, and the Mark Hopkins Institute of Art and Cogswell Polytechnic College in San Francisco. The exhibit from the latter institution was especially admired, consisting in part of pupils' work in wood and iron, wood-carving, mechanical drawings, designing, modeling, and sewing. The educational exhibit as a whole occupied nearly one half of the east gallery, extending from near the middle of the building to the extreme southern end, together with an area of 720 square feet at the east end of the historical exhibit. Including aisles, the former space was 1194 feet long and 19 feet wide, or 2,270 square feet, making a total for the entire exhibit of 2,990 square feet. A series of wide tables extended along the east wall of the building, under the windows, samples of school work and photographs of buildings, etc., being placed thereon, and also on the wall space between the windows. Separated by an aisle from this line of displays was a series of nine redwood tables, 12 feet long and 6 feet wide, placed crosswise of the gallery. From the middle of each table, and extending the full length thereof, rose upright frames, about 6 feet high, finished on both sides. The table tops and uprights combined afforded about 2,000 square feet of space, which was all utilized by charts, photographs, drawings, etc. Taken altogether, the walls and tables furnished a total surface of about 3,500 square feet; yet this was hardly sufficient for an adequate showing of the great amount of educational material. MISCELLANEOUS EXHIBITS, ETC. The growth and development of religious institutions on the Pacific Coast was illustrated in a series of photographs and other pictures, col- lected and arranged by Rev. A. J. Nelson, of San Francisco, Secretary of the Religious Committee selected by this Commission, and consisting of Bishop William F. Nichols, Rabbi Jacob Voorsanger, Father Peter C. Yorke, and Bishop C. H. Fowler. There were views of localities, begin- ning with Drake's Bay, including the scene of the first church service in San Francisco and the monument to Junipero Serra, erected by Mrs. Leland Stanford at Monterey, and passing on to the present locations of churches; pictures of houses of worship, ranging from the rude Indian tepee, the old Missions, and the first church building in San Francisco, to the elegant and costly structures of to-day; and portraits of persons, embracing the medicine-man, Juan Roderimues Gabrillo, Father Junipero Serra, and many divines now prominent in the various denominations. There were also specimen religious publications, from some of the earliest issues by different sects down to the Salvation Army's " War Cry." In the south galler}^ near the east corner and back of the educational exhibit, the " Overland Monthly" of San Francisco had installed in a neat case a full set of the magazine, handsomely bound, together with original illustrations, sketches, half-tones, etc. EEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 67 On the east side of the building, Cahill & Hall, of San Francisco, built and operated, partly as an exhibit, two of their patent hydro-steam ele- vators, each of wdiich was guaranteed to raise to the top floor 4,000 pounds at a load and to travel at a speed of two trips per minute. In the southern end of the building the Traffic Manager kept his tables well supplied with literature descriptive of the State, time-tables, maps, charts, etc., all of which were distributed gratis. The same office served as a bureau of information. The two great telegraph companies also had desks and instruments on the lower floor. On the gallery floor, over the east entrance, was a free reading-room, where many of the principal Californian newspapers were kept on file for the use of callers. A post office adjoined the reading-room, and near by was a souvenir department, under charge of Mrs. V. S. Bradley, maintained chiefly for the purpose of aflording visitors an opportunity to secure Californian novelties. The most characteristic and beautiful souvenir on the Exposition grounds, it seems to have been commonly conceded, was the official badge issued by the California World's Fair Commission. It was about 2^ by l-f inches in size, made of durable metal and triple-plated with gold. The top represented a radiant sun, half sunk below the horizon, typical of the sunset land. Below was a bar, with '' California " on its face in black enameled letters. Suspended therefrom was a well-modeled bear, indicative of the fact that the independence of California was first declared by means of a " bear flag." Beneath his feet was a minor bar, on which appeared in enameled black letters the words " Columbian Exposition." Suspended from this latter bar was a small half globe, representing the Western Hemisphere, with the figures "1893" thereon, denoting the year of the great Exposition. STATE BOOK, '' RESOURCES OF CALIFORNIA." Chief among the publications distributed at the Exposition was an illustrated pamphlet of about 150 pages, issued under a special Act of the Legislature empowering the Governor to have prepared for distribu- tion at Chicago a volume expository of the " Resources of California " — which was the title of the work. The credit of securing the passage of the Act, which appropriated $25,000 for expenses of printing, etc., is due to the California Press Association. E. W. Maslin, at that time Secretary of the State Board of Trade, was chosen as editor. The following extract from Governor Markham's introduction indicates the character of the work: "Accord- ing to the best advice I could obtain, it was thought best to present a succinct description of each county, which should include such an account of its area, population, chief industry of the inhabitants, climate and soils, as would assist the intending settler, before leaving his home in the East for California, in forming his judgment as to which part of the State offered immediate advantages in the pursuit of the vocation he chose to follow. * * * There has been no attempt at mere literary display. The effort has been in the direction of marshaling facts, from which the reader may draw his own conclusions. The various special subjects have been treated by gentlemen of State-wide reputation, each of whom is especially fitted by experience and learning to write upon the matter submitted to him." 68 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. In accordance with the plans outlined, the editor prepared a clear and careful description of all counties in the State, which occupied about two thirds of the volume. Following this were special articles on many- industrial subjects, the table of contents giving the list thus: "Topogra- phy of the State," by T. C. Judkins; "Climate of California, and its Economic Value," by N. P. Chipman; "Climate and Climatic Features of California," by James A. Barwick; "Educational Advantages," by W. H. V. Raymond; "Agriculture," by T. C. Judkins; "The Horticult- ural Industry," by B. M. Lelong; "Viticulture," by Winfield Scott; "Dairying in California," by G. G. Wickson; "Irrigation in California," by George F. Weeks; "California Petroleum and Asphaltum"; "The Sugar Beet in California," by Richard Gird; "Mining for the Precious Metals "; " What con be done in California," by E. W. Maslin; " Mineral Springs and Health Resorts"; "Market Q,uotations." Scattered among the pages of reading matter were a number of half- tone pictures, illustrating various Californian industries, the frontispiece being a view of the capitol at Sacramento. Folded into each book was an accurate map of California, 32 by 26 inches in size. The entire edition, numbering many thousand copies, was placed in the hands of the California World's Fair Commission, and the Commis- sion in turn selected Prof. Chas. H. Allen, an acknowledged authority on the resources of the State, to superintend the distribution, W^hen the books reached Chicago, which was during the later months of the fair, Professor Allen fitted up quarters near the great State relief-map, and as he and his assistants handed out the volumes to eager callers for infor- mation regarding California, he was enabled to emphasize personally the opportunities that the Golden State offers to home-seekers and investors. The beneficial results of this publication have been great, and will undoubtedly increase with time. TREES AND PLANTS AROUND CALIFORNIA BUILDING. Viewed from the Roof Garden, from the deep-set windows facing east and south, or from the sinuous walks about the building, the outdoor collection of California trees, shrubs, and flowers was a pleasing sight, and constituted an appropriate and harmonious setting for the quaint Mission structure. Separated from the building only by a narrow path was a verdant lawn, sloping gently eastward and southward to the adjacent avenues. This green sward was crossed by wide walks leading to the several entrances, and was thus subdivided into five plats of diverse figures, the one to the northeast being about 150 by 100 feet, the circle fronting the east entrance 50 feet in diameter, and the triangular area east of the south end of the building about 200 feet long, with an average width of 50 feet. Of the two plats seen as one passed southward in leaving the building, the one to the left averaged about 70 by 50 feet, the center being so built up as to resemble a natural hillock, while the plat to the right, as utilized for decorative purposes, was 100 feet long and about 60 feet wide. Growing in these spaces were bearing orange and lemon trees, bloom- ing azaleas, wide-leaved bananas, palms in great number and variety, century plants, olive and camphor trees, etc. — all serving to transplant the visitor, mentally, to the semi-tropics. "Palace of Plenty" and Miscellaneous Exhibits of Southern California World's Fair Association — California Building. (Page 51.) Rklikf Map of Alameda County, showing cities of Oakland, Alameda, etc. California Building. (Pages 24 and 25.) KEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 69 In the circular plat opposite the eastern entrance was a Canary Islands palm of uncommon size and grace, while on either side, across pebbled walks, stood the magnificent pair of date-palms from Santa Barbara. There was a male and a female, the latter being the fruit- bearing member of the family, and having up among its tufted leaves clusters of dates that had developed and reached maturity after the tree was replanted at Chicago. The trees were each 22 years old, 2 to 3 feet in diameter, 25 feet from the ground to the lower branches, and with a total height of 40 feet. When in boxes for shipment they weighed about 20 tons each, and required three cars for their transportation. Fan palms of different species were numerous in the grounds, espe- cially along the eastern border, while scattered here and there were phoenix and club palms, century and banana plants, with occasionally a pepper tree, a silk oak, or an orange or lemon tree thickly studded Avith ripened fruit. Roses were blooming in abundance; among them were two trees, each grafted with ten varieties of roses, many of which being in bloom at the same time rendered the novel growths objects of special interest. In the plat l3'ing southward of the building were specimens of laurus- tinus, heliotrope and yellow jasmine, pomegranate and loquat, salmon berry, romneya (tree-poppy), wigandia, sequoia, golden arbor- vitse, Australian feather-palm, " Bird of Paradise," and silver tree, the last- named being the only one of its kind in Jackson Park. Besides these, there were the araucaria braziliensis, euphorbia splendens, metrosideros robusta, and sterculia acutifolia, for whose botanical names there are so far hardly any English equivalents. Near the southeast corner and along the eastern side, besides the more numerous kinds already mentioned, could be found Spanish bayonet, dragon tree, Japanese paper tree, yew, Japan cedar (cryptomeria), Japanese cypress (retinospora), umbrella tree, magnolia, three or four species of ficus, two of which were " rubber trees," olive, acacia, oleander, New Zealand flax-lily, rare fan-palms, sago-palms, jjittosporums, a mela- leuca, some of the less common species of eucalyptus, and, as one drew near the northeast corner, California azaleas, wild lilacs, and huckle- berries, with Douglas fir and other of the conifers, besides lemon verbena, habrothamnus, and several species of polygala and veronica. Under the eaves of the building and in the lawn-edge that bordered the paths (the spaces aggregating 1,550 square feet), a modest showing of California wildfiowers was maintained by Mi<^s Faustina Butler. The eschscholtzias bloomed as freely as on their native hills — the "maritima" flourishing especially. Lilies and penstemons were unfortunate and flowered sparsely, but from the middle of May until July there was a succession of brodiieas, Mariposa lilies, alliums, brevoortias, and wild hyacinths, while varieties of the argemone or thistle-poppy of Southern California bloomed all summer and were much admired. The hibiscus, from the Santa Barbara Mountains, blossomed during August and Sep- tember. Most of the annuals came up and flowered, but the blossoms were small. Some gilias, phacelias, and collinsias did well, however, and those which survived the trampling feet of Chicago Day looked fresh and bright in the middle of November. Potted palms decked the gables of the roof and the parapets and arcades of the Roof Garden; while scattered here and there on the latter space were century plants, pittosporums, orange trees, roses, flax-lilies, 70 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. polygalas and veronicas, one or two representatives each of acacia, cam- phor, eucalyptus, loquat and olive, bougainvillea, fourcroyas and yuccas, and a host of little cypresses and blooming geraniums. In the early summer there were transferred to the interior of the build- ing palms of half a dozen familiar species, with camphor tree, japonica, and New Zealand flax (all growing in ample earth-cubes), which were set about the main floor and the gallery, to add their grace and verdure to the display. Odicial Map of Worli; s I'olumhian Exposition, Chicago, 1893. ^^ite of California Bfii.PiXG to west and north. California was re]iresented by exhibits in every Department or National Building on the Exposition Grounds. KEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 71 CALIFORNIA IN DEPARTMENT OR NATIONAL BUILDINGS. While a strict construction of the Act of the Legislature appropriating money to defray the expenses of a Californian display at Chicago seemed to restrict the bulk of exhibits to the State building, yet at an early date the necessity of increased representation in all of the great depart- ment or national buildings became so apparent that the Commission decided not only to arrange and maintain in these buildings choice specimens of all products, as previously determined upon, but also to erect in the Horticultural, Mines and Mining Buildings, etc., roomy pavilions, and install therein large and varied displays. The wording of special Acts gave counties great freedom as to the placing of their products, and renewed efforts were made to encourage all intending exhibitors to make duplicate displays — one for the California Building, and one for the respective department buildings, where competition with the world was possible and premiums against all rivals were to be secured. To the credit of the State be it said that few of them shrunk from the task. It was found at Chicago that California, even outside of her own building, did not sufier by comparison with any other State, no matter how old, how populous, or how wealthy, while it excelled all others in many important particulars. Taking the California exhibit as a whole, its wide range was most remarkable. As shown by the "Condensed List of Exhibitors and Exhibits," elsewhere given, the State was represented in every one of the sixteen great buildings or departments, according to the classifica- tion adopted by the Exposition authorities. To visitors it seemed almost incredible that a single State could show a variety of natural products that would include the following: Under Horticulture: Oranges, lemons, limes, pomeloes, shaddocks, citrons, guavas, loquats, persimmons, figs, pineapples, dates, olives, bananas, apples, pears, quinces, peaches, nectarines, apricots, plums, prunes, cherries, grapes, and raisins; blackberries, raspberries, huckle- berries, currants, gooseberries, etc.; English walnuts, black walnuts, almonds, pecans, chestnuts, pinones, and peanuts. Under Viticulture: 143 varieties of white wines, 120 of red wines, 117 of sweet wines, besides a number of sparkling wines, and 44 varieties of brandies. Under Agriculture: Wheat, oats, barley, rye, Indian corn, Egyptian corn, buckwheat, hops, cotton, flax, hemp, jute, yxtle, ramie, silk, wool; alfalfa, canary, coriander, millet, mustard, sorghum, and sunflower seeds; beans, peas, lentils, beets, carrots, parsnips, cabbages, turnips, melons, yjumpkins, squashes, potatoes, cauliflower, peppers, onions, tobacco, honey, etc. Under Mining and Minerals: Gold, silver, platinum, nickel, copper, iron, lead, tin, quicksilver, zinc, manganese, antimony, asphalt, petro- leum, sulphur, salt, borax, kaolin, fire clay, ochre, magnetite, marble, granite, onyx, sandstone, serpentine, mica, obsidian, feldspar, rubellite, 72 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. selenite, talc, gypsum, limestone, slate, soapstone, diamonds, porphyry, asbestos, magnetic iron, topaz, garnet, opal, turquois, etc., the display covering nearly every metal and mineral known in America. Under Wood and Forestry: Madrone, mountain mahogany, live oak, hickory oak, black oak, red oak, tanbark oak, maul oak, buckeye, alder, laurel, myrtle, redwood, sequoia or " big tree," bull pine, sugar pine, yellow pine, Monterey pine, California walnut, white cedar, red cedar, Spanish cedar, Douglas spruce, hemlock, California ash, maple, syca- more, Monterey cypress, spruce, birch, yew, locust, pear, elm, coffee tree, manzanita, eucalyptus, nutmeg, lilac, cottonwood, black acacia, mag- nolia, pepper, orange, olive, rubber, camphor, elder, fig, salmon berry, wild cherry, castor bean, white thorn, furze, and azalea. Under Fish and Fisheries: Salmon, trout, flounder, mackerel, rock- fish, blue-fish, half-moon fish, cod, sea-bass, white-fish, carp, drum-fish, sole, skate, sun-fish, perch, surf-fish, barracuda, herring, pampano, stur- geon, shark, etc., many of the species being represented by from two to ten varieties. Besides the above there were varied exhibits in the Departments of Manufactures, Liberal Arts, Machinery, Transportation, Ethnology, Electricity, Fine Arts, and Floriculture; also in the Woman's Building, Government Building, Merchant Tailors' Building, United States Indian School Building, and Leather and Shoe Trades Building. Herewith is given a description of the " collective " exhibits maintained under the auspices of this Commission in department buildings and grounds. IN THE AGRICULTURAL BUILDING. Almost in the center of the lower floor of the Agricultural Building, surrounded by exhibits from the more important agricultural States of the Union, and in proximity to the displays from foreign countries, was a space 42 by 48 feet that had been allotted to California for her col- lective agricultural exhibit. Upon this space was built an installation structure, that, aside from its having no roof, somewhat resembled the exterior of a solidly built frame cabin, with sufficient cornice work at the top to give it a finished and picturesque appearance. Tlie walls, 10 feet in height, instead of being built of boards, consisted of large panes of glass, so united as to form an inclosure almost entirely of glass. Each of the four sides had an entrance 8 feet wide, while the exhibits as a whole rested on a platform 7 inches high. Within the inclosure were more than a thousand pear-shaped inverted globes of various sizes, filled with varieties of wheat, corn, beans, etc., all set upon a row of double-terraced stands that surrounded the glass sides. There were seventeen exhibits of wheat, consisting of the follow- ing varieties: White Australian, Yolo, Club, Pride of Butte, Propo, Stone, Royal Australian, Big Club, Patent Office, Missoyen, Atlanti, Red Marseilles, White Club, Scotch Fyfe, Bennor, White Club, and Defi- ance. The high average weight of the grain per bushel was interesting to Eastern farmers in general. Of barley, there were four varieties: Chevalier, Nepaul, Common Brewing, and Six-rowed. There were forty- seven varieties of beans, making the same number of exhibits, among which were the Lima, Crystal Wax, White Kidney, Pea, Dutch Case- knife, Pink, Butter, English Broad, Mottled Kidney, Small White, Lazy White, Cranberry, Bayo, Yellow Eye, Six Weeks, and Black-e3^ed. New REPORT OF WORLD S FAIR COMMISSION. 7o England growers were impressed with the statement that in California, beans are largely planted in rows by special machines, and that in the most productive counties no rain falls between the time of planting and harvesting. In the display were four exhibits of corn, six of potatoes, three of onions, four of squashes, and three of beets, besides rye, flax, clover, alfalfa, etc. The vegetables were of immense size and weight. The ex- hibit of sugar beets proved an interesting feature, analysis of the sam- ples having shown, as st^ated on the cards, 14 per cent of sugar — a higher average than the German product. There were two exhibits of mangel- wurzel beets, extensively used for feeding stock, that varied in size from 50 to 100 pounds. Alfalfa hay, of which there were excellent samples, attracted much attention, especially when visitors were told that as many as seven crops a year can be cut from the same tract of land. Within the inclosure there were also eight tables, upon which were tastefully disposed vegetables and sheaves of wheat, barley, and oats, and also sacks containing wheat, corn, beans, etc. One of the most noticeable features of the exhibit was a corn shock standing about 16 feet high, with corn growing around the base. The bulletin board, upon which were neatly arranged sheaves of different grains and grasses, was also an object of attraction. Besides the displays that had been secured from individual growers by personal solicitation and correspondence, many of the counties con- tributed generously, among them being Sacramento, Los Angeles, Butte, Sutter, Placer, Santa Barbara, Ventura, Fresno, San Bernardino, Hum- boldt, San Diego, and Orange. Los Angeles and Sacramento furnished the largest quota, each sending a sufficient supply of cereals to fill one hundred large inverted bottles. In specially constructed cases in other portions of the building, Cali- forriia showed samples of honey from the crop of 1893. HORTICULTURAL EXHIBIT IX HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. The installation of fruit displa3'S contributed by individuals and by several counties of California, which, collectively, was known as the California State Exhibit, was begun prior to May 1, 1893, the opening day of the Exposition. Additions were made from time to time for three or four weeks, when the various tables set apart for the use of the State presented an exceedingly attractive appearance, the beauty of which was in no way diminished, but rather enhanced, during the continu- ance of the fair, and elicited praise from the thousands who passed along the aisles of what was known as the South Rear Curtain of the Horti- cultural Building. California was lavish in her display of the products of her orchards in this great building, occupying about one third of the space in the several rooms in which her exhibits were installed. An expression frequently heard was: "If there is any vacant space in the Horticult- ural Building, California will step to the front and fill it." Five terraced tables in the South Curtain, having about 1,500 feet of running shelving, were used exclusively for the State exhibit. Hereon were shown, in hundreds of glass jars of various patterns, fruits in solu- tion. Several of the northern counties of the State contributed to this excellent display, but the southern counties were especially liberal with 74 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. their contributions, consisting mostly of oranges, lemons, grape-fruit, guavas, and similar fruits. Deciduous fruits in great variety were loaned by all counties, and the exhibit was representative, attractive, and creditable. The majority of visitors interested in such matters noticed that the liquid used by California exhibitors in preparing fruits in solu- tion was clearer, of better quality, and showed the products to greater advantage than that used by other States. No one formula was used, for on the tables were fruits in variety from many counties, put up by different growers who followed their own favorite methods. This exhibit proved an exceedingly valuable advertisement of the horticultural resources of California. The Superintendent states that in many known cases it influenced parties interested in fruit culture to visit California and invest in orchard property. " If your State can make such an excellent showing two thousand miles from home, you must have an incomparable climate and splendid soil," was in substance a common remark. From the opening day of the Exposition, plates of oranges and lemons were interspersed among the jars of other fruits. These citrus speci- mens were renewed whenever fresh consignments were received from the south, or once every two or four weeks. The oranges and lemons from the northern portion of the State were chiefly in jars in solution. Of the varieties of orange from the southern counties there were, in their season, Washington Navel, Mediterranean Sweet, Malta Blood, Tanger- ine, Mandarin, Valencia Late, and Hart's TardifF. Among the varieties of lemons were the Eureka, Lisbon, Genoa, and Bonnie Brae. This dis- play, which was duplicated by no other State, was kept up from the first of May to November, the color of the fresh fruit harmonizing beauti- fully with that in the jars. It is a noteworthy fact that never before in the history of this country has a citrus fruit display been maintained during the entire summer period, thus demonstrating that California can market oranges and lemons every month of the year. Early in June consignments of fresh deciduous fruits began to arrive from California. These, displayed on plates on the several terraced tables, were renewed every few days and kept fresh until the close of the fair. Impressed on the minds of every interested visitor was the fact that California produces far more varieties of fruit than any other State in the Union. All this had its effect upon inspecting fruit growers living outside of California. In Illinois and contiguous States, even in those much farther east, the fruit crop for the season of 1893 was very short, although the samples of fruit shown at the fair were exceptionally fine. " It seems as though we could not raise fruit in abundance any more," was often observed by orchardists of the Eastern States. They were then told, and with truth, that fruit crops in California are always sure; that our plums are never attacked by curculio, and that fruits in general are free from injury by the pests which are so common in the East. In the South Curtain there were novel and noteworthy exhibits from Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and San Diego Counties. Los Angeles built an orange tower that stood 35 feet high and, up to a height of 8 feet from the floor, was 14 feet square. Above this rose a cylindrical shaft of beautiful proportions, surmounted by an eagle with outstretched wings. During the greater part of the Exposition this tower con- tained about 14,000 oranges, which were renewed every three or four weeks. Of all features in the fruit display, this tower was probably the Orangk Tower, 35 feet high, 12 feet S(iuare at base ; contained 14,000 oranges— Horti- CULTL-RAL HlILDl.NU. ( 1 'ufres 49 Ulld 74. ) In San Diego Citrus Exhibit — Horticultural Building. (Page 75.) El Cajon Valley Exhibit of Raisins, Jellies, etc.— IIorticultur.\l Building. (Page 206.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 75 most widely known; for being so sightly in design and construction, illustrated papers in this and foreign countries reproduced it in their pages in faithful cuts. The estimated cost of erecting and keeping it in its freshness and beauty was ^4,000. At the lower end of the South Curtain, Los Angeles County showed more citrus fruits on a table having an area of about 140 square feet. One novel figure in this display was a model of the Old Liberty Bell, made of oranges, which ranked second to the orange tower as an object of admiration. It was perfect in shape, being 5 feet in height, with a diameter of 6 feet at the rim. It was suspended from a frame covered with Spanish moss from California, and on the topmost cross-beam appeared in oranges the word '' Liberty." It required 6,500 oranges to construct this bell. On the same large table San Bernardino County maintained an out- put of oranges and lemons, tastefully arranged in pyramids and other figures. San Diego County also occupied considerable space with a continuous exhibit from May to November. A very pleasing feature by this county was a cornucopia, 44 feet long and 3 feet wide at the mouth. It was mounted on a pedestal 18 inches high, both the horn of plenty and the pedestal being covered with fruit. The mouth of the cornucopia was filled with various horticultural, agricultural, mineral, and other products of the county, representing an outpouring of luscious oranges, lemons, limes, apples, pears, peaches, nectarines, grapes, raisins, nuts, corn, wheat, etc. Flanking the central table to the west and separated therefrom by an aisle, was a table 4 feet wide and 70 feet long, on which Riverside County maintained, during the first three months of the Exposition, a fine show- ing of citrus fruits, chiefly lemons. On a similar table on the opposite side of the room, Ventura and Orange, with other southern counties, kept up an excellent citrus display. In the North Pavilion of the Horticultural Building, Orange County had 400 jars of preserved fruits, jellies, jams, etc., all being the product of a single ranch. Miscellaneous contributions of considerable merit were also made by Santa Barbara County. In the North Pavilion dried fruits were shown in great variety. The fact that the major part of the product had been cured in the sun, instead of by artificial means, was a marvel to residents of Eastern States. This display was in charge of the California Commission, several counties having massed fruit for a collective exhibit. In neat cases with glass doors were arranged nuts of several kinds; olive oil, from San Diego County in the south to Placer County in the north; jams, jellies, and other articles of a similar nature. The displays of raisins and figs here was especially noticeable. Dates grown and cured in California were also to be seen, and a stand containing eighty-six varieties of almonds, from six ranches in four counties, exhibited by the grower, A. T. Hatch of San Francisco. On the upper floor of this part of the Horticultural Building were canned fruits in abundance from several canning establishments; a strik- ing walnut tower 28 feet high, constructed of plate glass, containing 2,000 pounds of English walnuts contributed by fifty growers at Rivera, Los Angeles County; also a number of other interesting displays by individual exhibitors. 76 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. VITICULTURAL EXHIBIT IN HORTICULTURAL BUILDING. The State viticultural exhibit was installed in the South Pavilion of the Horticultural Building, this pavilion being devoted entirely to viti- cultural displays from all countries of the world. The general space set aside to California exhibitors comprised about one fourth of the. entire lower floor, being larger than the combined areas of all other States. Originally the authorities at Chicago allotted to the California World's Fair Commission the entire space that was intended to be occu- pied by the State, by different associations and by private exhibitors, with the understanding that such area would be subdivided and re-allotted by the Commission to private exhibitors from California. This area con- sisted of two rectangles, one being 120 by 10 feet, and the other 90 by 30 feet, containing a total of about 4,000 square feet. Subsequently, after the Viticultural Department had been dignified by making it a separate bureau and California had been complimented by the appoint- ment of one of her citizens, H. M. LaRue, as chief thereof, it was deemed advisable for the allotment to be made at Chicago, and therefore only what was required for the State display was set aside for our Board. The collective State exhibit of wines and brandies installed by this Commission occupied a space about 31 by 10 feet nearly in the mid- dle of the large area awarded to California. The exhibit consisted of 1,500 or 1,600 bottles of various vintages, arranged on three terraced stands or pyramids. These stands had paneled bases or pedestals of white cabinet work 2 or 3 feet high, abutting to the rear on the Vina partition and extending forward 7 or 8 feet to a wide lateral aisle. The two narrow bays between the pyramids were widened toward the aisle, the middle pedestal being cut away to such an extent as to reduce it nearly to a triangular prism. These three bases were surmounted on all sides but one by five and six serried tiers of bottles, retreating slightly as they ascended, and thus forming steep truncated pyramids. The outer ends of the first and third pyramids were built up higher into two octagonal prisms, the sides of which were covered with numer- ous photographs of vineyard scenery, and then tapered roofward into cones nine or ten tiers higher, each pyramid terminating in a single large bottle filled with wine. The point of the middle pyramid was also crowned with a slender pinnacle composed entirely of wines. Thirty or more individuals or firms contributed to this collective State exhibit. It was estimated by Superintendent W. H. McNeil that in the collection there were shown 143 varieties of white wines, 120 of red wines, 117 of sweet wines, 5 of sparkling wines, and 44 of brandies, without reckoning those displayed by four of the larger producers, who acted independently of the Commission. Westward from the State exhibit, and occupying a space 31 by 26 feet, was the instructive display of the Board of State Viticultural Commission- ers. This comprised a number of grapevines, with their roots in earth and their branches secured along the wall, serving to illustrate various methods of pruning and training. The samples also showed the system of grafting on resistant vines. The short system of pruning which is practiced nearly all over the State, was more particularly shown, together with a method little used in California, but which is in vogue in certain sections of France. The latter was illustrated by a large vine trained REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 77 over the ground and supported by props, the same as it would be in a vineyard. Still another was the trellis system, also shovrn b}^ trained vines. There were several colored portraitures of choice varieties of grapes grown in California, including the Tokay, Muscat, Zinfandel, Seedless Sultana, Mission, Riesling, and others. A small collection of viticultural literature was also shown. Adjoining the display of the Viticultural Commission to the north, eight exhibitors from Alameda County occupied a floor space 31x20 feet, fronting on three aisles, with a very handsome redwood installation. Neat counters upheld low showcases with bent glass tops, above and back of which were small vertical cases, alternating with curtained panels, the whole being capped with grill-work and inclosing a reception or manager's office. There were also specially ornamental features on the west side and northwest corner. Abutting on the State exhibit to the east was an installation contain- ing the exhibit of Vina Vineyard, the property of the Leland Stanford estate. The display was exceedingly attractive, and embraced two highly ornamental fountains, one throwing jets of wine, the other of brandy. There were cool grottoes, representing actual scenes in the Vina Vine- yard, including a splendid perspective of the principal wine cellar, showing the cooperage, the storing of wines, and all other appurte- nances. The exhibit occupied a space 20x30 feet, the exterior of the booth being quite ornate. East of the Vina pavilion stood a representation of the trunk of a mammoth redwood tree 40 feet high, the interior forming a natural grotto 28 feet in diameter. The background consisted of a fine picture of the Golden Gate, while the walls were covered with appropriate photo- graphs and mottoes. In separate sections were displayed the wines of C. Carpy & Co., J, Gundlach & Co., Arpad Haraszthy & Co., and the Napa Valley Wine Co. This unique structure had a second story, and up its winding stairway one might climb to the gallery to view the trio of California raisin exhibits from Fresno, Riverside, and San Diego Counties. In a long, narrow rectangle across the aisle to the south of the gen- eral viticultural display, a dozen or more firms and individuals main- tained independent wine exhibits that were more or less elaborate. The prevailing opinion among visitors regarding the viticultural exhibit as a whole is well expressed by the following from the ''Age" of Melbourne, Australia: "California, the Golden State of the Pacific, leaves all its American rivals behind in the matter of wine exhibits. There are 117 American competitors in the Section of Viticulture from the whole of the United States. Of these no fe,wer than 85 are from Cali- fornia, and many of the California exhibitors make elaborate displays, equaling those of the European courts for their massive effectiveness." The Viticultural Department was visited by the most prominent people who entered the Exposition grounds. All were surprised or pleased at the excellent quality of California wines, especially of the Medoc and Sauterne types, and of the brandies. The splendid list of exhibitors from this State who received awards gives evidence of the high value placed upon the products of the vine. 78 REPORT OP world's PAIR COMMISSION. IN THE MINES AND MINING BUILDING. In the Mines and Mining Building the collection of California min- erals was in many respects almost a duplicate of that in the State build- ing, with the exception that the scientific element predominated in the former, especial attention being paid to the economic minerals. One of the most attractive features of the exhibit was the artistic entrance or classic gateway constructed entirely of native material, with a view of displaying to the best advantage the building stones of Cali- fornia. The facade was designed by J. C. Pelton, Jr., of San Francisco. The gateway was in the form of a triple arch, with a portico in front and wings on each side. The base of the gateway, five inches in height, was of dark granite. The pedestals of the four columns, each two feet wide, were of light granite, and the columns themselves of beautiful white marble, two being from the Colton and two from the Inyo quarries. The caps of the columns were of the Ionic order, richly carved and sur- mounted by a finely molded entablature. Behind the pedestals of the columns, the pilasters of the arches were formed of most beautifully veined California onyx, the arches themselves being of gray sandstone. The belt course over the arches was of Colton marble, and the panels between the belt course and the pediment were of variegated marbles, the space about the panels being of white marble. In the face of each wing was sunk a square, window-like niche, having three small Ionic columns of choicest onyx. From the floor to the top of the entablature was 20 feet, and the extreme width of the gateway, 36^ feet. The wings, 12| feet high on each side of the triple archway, were of blue greenstone, the columns flanking the windows being of onyx and the cornice of green marble. In this way nearly all the best hard and soft stones that the State affords were shown cut, and when feasible, polished and in actual use, as a part of the gateway. Over the central arch was the inscription "California Mining Exhibit." The fagade was surmounted by two gilded life-size grizzly bears, which attracted notice almost the moment one entered the building. Within the classic gateway, and facing the entrance to the exhibit, there appeared large gilded cubes painted on the rear wall, serving to illustrate the comparative production of gold and other precious metals in the United States and California. The inscriptions thereon were so striking that visitors were found studying them almost every hour of the day. One inscription read: "Total production of gold in the United States since 1848, including California, $1,900,000,000. California alone during the same period, $1,310,245,000." Another gave the total produc- tion of silver and quicksilyer in California since 1848 at $47,128,000 and $63,234,000, respectively, while on the three gilt cubes appeared the follow- ing: "Annual yield of gold in California at the time hydraulic mining was prohibited in 1880, 36t|- tons avoirdupois, equal to $27,060,000"; "Annual yield of gold in tjie United States, including California, 1892, 44^ tons avoirdupois, valued at $32,845,000"; "Annual yield of gold in California during the year 1892, 23^ tons avoirdupois, representing a value of $17,160,000." The great seal of the State of California, carved in wood, was a con- spicuous and very pleasing feature. The mineral specimens, all scientifically arranged, were contained in twenty-four showcases, each 8 feet long and 2 feet wide, forming three Front of State ^Mining Exhibit. Facade constructed of marble, granite, onyx, sandstone, and other building stones from California— Mines and Mining Building. (Page 78.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 79 aisles throughout the length of the inclosure. In these were displayed the finest obtainable specimens of gold and silver ores and those of other precious and economic hietals, and even a few diamonds in their natural state as found in California. As was the case in the State building, the specimens loaned by the California State Mining Bureau constituted the greater portion of the exhibit. The collection by this Bureau consisted of (1st, and princi- pally) ores of nearly all the most useful metals, including native gold and gold quartz, accompanied in many cases with specimens of the inclosing rocks, with a view of partially illustrating their geology; (2d) a large number of specimens of economic value, such as borates, gypsum, sulphur, salt, clays, graphite, etc.; and (od) a series of samples of build- ing stone and marble, including the so-called "onyx." Of gold and gold quartz there were forwarded nearly 300 specimens from 25 counties; of silver ores, 85 specimens from 12 counties; of copper ores, 62 speci- mens from 15 counties; of quicksilver ores, 50 specimens from 10 counties; of iron ores, 35 specimens from 21 counties; of platinum, 3 specimens from 2 counties; of chrome ores, 30 specimens from 19 coun- ties; of manganese ores, 17 specimens from 15 counties; of zinc ores, 6 specimens from 6 counties; of antimony, 11 specimens from 5 counties; of tin, 3 specimens from 1 county; of lead, 7 specimens from 6 counties. There were also a number of mineral specimens selected for their rarity or attractive appearance, and a collection of the more striking and characteristic rocks of the State. Hydraulic and river mining were illustrated by a number of large photographs of actual mining scenes. In all, about one thousand specimens were exhibited, representing the mineral resources of the entire State, not a single county being omitted. Noteworthy among other exhibits were the following: Antimony ore and regulus, by the Mathison Smelting Company, San Francisco; a col- lection of various minerals and ores occurring in Plumas County, by S. S. Taylor, of Quincy; rare and beautiful specimens of crystalline gold, by R. McMurray and John Daggett, of San Francisco; solar and native salts from different parts of the State; and aluminum ore from San Bernardino County, carrying as high as 43 per cent of the metal. Of great interest was a collection of gold ores, sent from Nevada County, which comprised samples from the Idaho, Maryland, and other mines in that district. The Union Oil Company, of Santa Paula, Ventura County, made an instructive display of oils and asphaltum, and the Pacific Asbestos Com- pany, of Los Angeles, one of asbestos paint and packing. Both the Inyo and Colton marble companies had fine exhibits of their marble. Kesseler's Onyx Mine contributed splendid specimens of landscape slabs of onyx, numerous columns, pedestals, table tops, etc. This onyx has been declared by competent judges to surpass every other known variety. Another attraction was the rare pink tourmaline, or rubellite, found only in San Diego County. Among quicksilver ores was a very large piece from the New Almaden Mine in Santa Clara County; and a small collection of tin ore from the Temescal Mine in San Bernardino County was included in one of the cases. A curiosity in the general exhibit was an old-time rocker and pans, such as were used almost exclusively in the placer diggings in the early days. The pan is supposed to have been the property of James W. Marshall, the discoverer of gold in California. Very interesting and 80 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. instructive, especially to mining men, were two sets of models of mine- timbering as first introduced on the Comstock Lode by Philip Diede- sheimer, the inventor. There were also phbtographsof mines in operation and of the undercurrents, dams, and ditches connected therewith. The valuable publications of the State Mining Bureau, the geological maps of California, and the annual reports of the State Mineralogist, met with deserved attention and approval. A fine display was made of chemicals and chemical ores, among the most important being magnesite from Napa County, kaolin from Nevada County, borax from San Bernardino and Inyo Counties, pottery clay from Amador County, mineral paints from Humboldt and Calaveras Counties, and sulphur from Lake County. IN THE FISH AND FISHERIES BUILDING. The California exhibit in the Fish and Fisheries Building was as- signed a highly desirable location, being on the ground floor and but a few feet from the rotunda, or center, of the building. The space fronted on two aisles, was about 15 feet square, and was separated only by a partition from the exhibit from Maine, which latter occupied an area slightly smaller than that of California. It was fitting that these two States should appear side by side, more fish being taken from the waters of their coasts than from those of any other two States on the Atlantic and Pacific. It further enabled visitors to contrast type specimens and varieties of fishes from waters of the two great oceans. The California exhibit was confined to the two artificial walls that separated it from neighboring spaces, leaving a clear view of the dis- play from two sides. These walls were from 8 to 10 feet high, the fishes, of which there were about forty, being hung thereon. All specimens were prepared according to the process lately adopted by the United States Fish Commission at Washington, D. C, and consisted of flexible plaster casts, life-sized, and painted in natural colors. They were mounted on a background of hardwood, each having a plaque to itself, and so placed as to represent the natural position in water. One specimen of albacore, or great tunny, was so large and fine that its skin was dried and mounted by Professor Jordan. The display, as a whole, should be considered in connection with the fish exhibit in the California Building, a detailed account of which appears elsewhere in this report. The prominent position occupied by California at the Exposition, and the helpful interest shown by this Commission toward all the department or national buildings, aided largely in increasing exhibits from this State at Chicago. Chief Collins, of the Fisheries Department, always recog- nized the importance of California, and as a result the aquariums were well stocked with live fish from California waters. Besides former con- signments, a carload of fresh fish from this State, mostly collected from Monterey Bay and by the United States Fish Commission, arrived at Chicago late in June, and were placed in the large aquarium containing specimens from the different waters of the United States. There were one hundred and fifty-eight fish in the consignment, representing twenty- five different species. It was stated by the Chicago press that the attempt to bring so many different kinds such a long distance had never before proved successful. The fish were five days en route and all but one arrived in excellent condition. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 81 The most notable specimen was a wolf-fish, five feet in length, said to be the first of its kind that has ever lived so long in captivity. Among other varieties were two electric fish, two small sharks, cusks, flounders, skate, porgies, kelp-crabs, and sea-urchins. Among oddities were speci- mens of the pennalata, a long, gelatinous, flesh-colored fish, sometimes called a pen-fish, owing to a supposed resemblance which it has to the quill pens used in signing the Declaration of Independence. There were also large crabs, ear-shaped abalones, and sea-anemones, the latter differ- ing from species found- in the Atlantic Ocean, in that they are much larger, and strongly resemble a Japanese chrysanthemum in full bloom. On the ground floor of the main building was an exhibit, collected by the San Diego High School and maintained by the World's Fair Asso- ciation of that count}', consisting of fishes in alcohol, mounted and dried fishes, corals, sea-weeds or algce, star-fishes, sea-urchins, shells, Crustacea, and aquatic birds. There were frames filled with fish-scale and shell-work bj^ two ladies of San Diego, who also showed beautiful shell-work in the form of flowers. The display as a whole was so varied as to render it especially interesting. STATE EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT IN THE LIBERAL ARTS BUILDING. The State educational exhibit in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building was small compared to what would have been made had it been possible to secure a larger space for purposes of display. When the Commission made formal application on behalf of California, word came back from Chicago, that owing to the large number of applicants it had been deemed impossible to allot space to those States that were erecting buildings with a view of placing exhibits therein. Further cor- respondence brought no more satisfactory results, and the matured plan for installing in the department building a duplicate of the educational exhibit in the California Building was necessarily abandoned. After reaching Chicago, the chief of the Department of Liberal Arts found it possible to allot a small area that had been forfeited by intending exhibitors, and therein was displayed what could be spared from the material prepared for the California Building. As finally installed, the State exhibit in the Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building consisted entirely of statistical charts. There were thirty- two of them, each 19 by 24 inches in size, representing as many counties. On the charts appeared the following valuable statistics: Area of each county in square miles, population at the census of 1890, assessed valua- tion of all property in the county, valuation of school property, dis- bursements for school purposes during 1892, or the year preceding the World's Fair, cost per capita on enrollment, school district libraries, number of vohimes in the libraries, and the value of school apparatus. An historical and comparative statement appeared on each chart, giving the number of schools in each county in 1860, 1870, 1880, and 1892; also the number of pupils at the beginning of these years, including the census number, enrolled number, and the average attendance. The number of male and female teachers employed in each county according to the census reports of 1860, 1870, 1880, and 1892 was given, together with the average monthly salaries of teachers. As a fitting resume of the statistics there appeared the annual expenses for school purposes, and the total valuation of school property in each county for the years 6\v 82 BEPORT OF WORLD S FAIR COMMISSION. named. An additional value was given to the charts by the use of broad lines of different colors, serving to give a comparative illustration of the rapid growth of schools during the several decades. By far the most valuable chart was one embodying school statistics for the entire State, both this and the county charts having been pre- pared by Prof. C. H. Allen, Superintendent of the Educational Depart- ment. The State chart was projected on the same lines as those of the counties, but the statistics thereon were painted in white upon a red- wood board about 7 feet long and nearly 4 feet wide. Prominent edu- cators state that never before in the history of California has there been prepared a chart or resume of educational statistics that comprised in a small space as much valuable information. Following are the statis- tics presented: STATE OF CALIFORNIA. General Statistics Public School System. Area of State, in square miles 158,360 Population in 1890 ---.1,208,130 Assessed valuation $1,275,837,510 00 Valuation of school property $15,193,996 00 Expended for school purposes $5,351,891 23 Cost per capita on enrollment $19 92 Number of High Schools... . 62 Number of Kindergartens, Primary, and Intermediate Schools 2,718 Number of Grammar Schools 1,880 Average months of school 7.95 School district libraries 2,931 Volumes in school libraries 594,251 Value of school apparatus $355,780 00 Historical and Comparative. Number of Schools. 1860- 1870. 1880. 1892- 593 1,492 2,803 4,660 1860 Teachers Employed. (Male.... 526 iFemale - 305 .«„^ jMale - 777 ^^"^ IFemale .— — - 1,092 .... (Male 1,208 ^^^" IFemale 2,387 ..qo jMale 1,222 1^^2 JFemale - 4,669 Annual Expenditures for School Purposes. I860.- .- - - $474,263 74 1870 1,529,047 00 1880 - 2,864,571 42 1892 5,351,891 32 Number of Pupils. (Census 5 to 17 years 57,917 1860 4 Enrolled 6 to 21 years 26,993 (Average 14,754 (Census 121,751 1870 -{Enrolled 85,808 (Average 54,271 (Census 215,978 1880 -{Enrolled 158,765 (Average 100,966 (Census 294,033 1892 -^Enrolled -..- 238,106 (Average 158,875 Average Monthly Salaries of Teachers. 1... (Male -• $66 72 ^*''" IFemale 66 72 (Male 70 04 jFemale ' 59 35 JMale .- 80 26 (Female 64 73 1870 1880 iQQr, (Male 82 96 ^"^-^ (Female 66 12 Total Valuation of School Property. 1860 $480,570 10 1870 3,174,040 30 1880 - 6,914,303 00 1892 15,193,996 00 #^ REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 83 University of California, Berkeley. Opened August, 18<39, with 60 students in attend- ance ; now, 1,082. Graduates, 700. Value of plant, $3,584,424 05 ; endowment, $4,299,278 94 ; annual expenditures, .|350,000. Library, 51,000 vols. ; value, $120,000. State Normal School, iSan Jos^. Opened July, 1862, with 6 in attendance ; now, 660. Graduates, 1,940 ; graduates now teaching in State, 950. Valuation of plant, $500,000 ; annual appropriation, $45,500. Library, 5,500 vols. ; value, $12,000. State Normal School, Los Angeles. Opened August, 1882, with 62 in attendance ; now, 329. Graduates, 528 ; graduates now teaching in State, 416. Value of plant, $125,000 ; annual appropriation, $23,500. Library, 2,800 vols. ; value, $6,000. State Normal School, Chico. Opened September, 1889, with 80 in attendance ; now, 300. Graduates, 56 ; graduates now teaching m State, 45. Value of plant, $125,000 ; annual appropriation, $20,500. Library, 1,500 vols. ; value, $4,000. institute for the Deaf and Dumb and the Blind, Berkeley. Opened May, I860, with 3 ; now, 156 deaf and dumb, 49 blind. Graduates, 222 deaf and dumb, 128 blind. Value of plant, $507,000 ; annual appropriation, $53,500. California Home for the Care and Training of Feeble- Minded Children, Glen Ellen. Opened December, 1885, with 20 in attendance ; now, 286. Discharged, 95. Value of plant, $421,535 62 ; annual appropriation, $42,500. IN THE FORESTRY BUILDING. As in some other departments, the California wood exhibit in the Forestry Building was largely a duplicate of that in the State building. Over sixty species were represented by nearly two hundred specimens, the number of the latter, from the fact of there being more available space, being nearly double that in the California Building. The samples included among others, Monterey cypress, spruce, locust, pear, elm, coffee tree, manzanita, eucalyptus, nutmeg, lilac, cottonwood, black acacia, pepper, orange, olive, rubber, camphor, Spanish cedar, hemlock, birch, elder, Douglas spruce, fig, salmon berry, castor bean, white thorn, mountain mahogany, furze, azalea, madrone, live oak, hickory oak, black oak, red oak, white oak, tanbark oak, maul oak, buckeye, alder, laurel, redwood, myrtle, sequoia or "big tree," bull pine, sugar pine, yellow pine, Monterey pine, California walnut, white cedar, red cedar, California ash, maple, sycamore, magnolia, yew, and wild cherry. There were samples of wood from nearly every county in the State. The exhibit fronted on the main aisle of the building and was inclosed in a space 19^ feet wide by 52 feet long and 9 feet high, the walls both inside and out being formed of the different varieties of wood, both polished and in their natural state. There were entrances of convenient width through each of the four sides. Counting in the small space neces- sary for the doorways, an easy calculation will show that the inclosure furnished the equivalent of a wall surface 286 feet long and 9 feet high, or a total of 2,574 square feet. The girders that reached from the top of each wall to the opposite side were entirely covered with pine cones, from those of the sugar pine twelve inches or more in length to the comparatively diminutive ones of the giant sequoia. On the floor within the inclosure were sections of redwood trees, one section being 14 feet in diameter and the other 16 feet. There were 875 well-defined rings on the former section, showing, accord- ing to the popular belief of there being one ring for each year's growth, that the tree was 475 years old when Columbus discovered America. The other section, although two feet larger, was at least two hundred years younger. Hard by, in a private exhibit, was a long board 16 feet 5 inches wide, cut from a redwood tree in Humboldt County, which was claimed to be the widest board in the world. The tree from which this was cut was 35 feet in diameter and estimated to be 1,500 years old. 84 UEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. The California exhibit was one of the most attractive, if not the most attractive, of all the State and foreign exhibits in the building. Visitors were often so numerous as to cause passers-by to ask if a convention was not being held within the inclosure. It was one of the voluntary stipulations made by the collector of the specimens, Thomas Hatch, that if after the display should be installed at Chicago it did not surpass that of any other State or foreign nation, he would forfeit a large per- centage of the sum agreed to be paid to him for his collection. The members of the California World's Fair Commission made a careful examination of the different exhibits after they were installed, and secured from chiefs of the several departments, especially from the Chief of the Department of Agriculture and Forestry, unbiased views as to the merits of the California display without reflecting on any other collective exhibit. The opinions of these and other officials seemed to be practically unanimous that no other single display possessed as many attractive and practical features combined, as did that from California. After the close of the Exposition the Commission paid the collector the full contract price, believing that his exhibit had sustained the claim to superiority. Simple varnishing was the only finish given to the woods, but the efifect of that in bringing out the odd and striking lines of the redwood, madrone, walnut, bright laurel, myrtle, sycamore, live oak, ash, elm, yew, and other woods was astonishing. In the light-colored woods were some splendid samples of California laurel and maple, one specimen of the latter being of special brilliancy, and recalling " mackerel " skies. Visitors from France were more interested and pleased with the effects in maple than in all other woods combined. The delicate silvery hue of the native ash evoked words of admiration from many sight-seers. In the darker woods were several noticeable samples of redwood, among them being burls with dark, radiating lines flecked with cords of light; also fine samples of bird's-eye redwood, California black walnut, etc. The delicate straight grains and rich, ruddy hue of the sequoia, or " big tree " — which is found only in California — were greatly admired. In addition to bringing out the commercial importance of the woods, the collector had visited nearly every private collection and lumber camp in California for curiosities. The result was seen in a number of strangely- figured boards, limbs, stumps, etc. Almost every hour of the day visitors could be seen picking out different figures in the woods, such as the " Maltese Cross," " Drum Major," "A Pair of Pelicans," "Adam and Eve," " An Old Man Peering through the Window," and "A Seal Catching Fish." Besides this collective exhibit, California was directly represented in three of the triple pillars that formed supports for the roof of the unique Forestry Building. This building, with its veranda and bark-covered roof, gave one the impression of a vast rustic summer-house, the pillars sustaining the veranda being trunks of trees. The California World's Fair Commission forwarded to Chicago in the fall of 1891 seven native trees for columns in this building, as follows: one California "big tree" {Sequoia gigantea), three redwoods {Sequoia sempervirens) , and three sugar pines {Pinus lambertiana) . KEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 85 CALIFORNIA ROOM IN WOMAN'S BUILDING. The Legislature of 1893, by special Act, appropriated $2,500 to defray ■expenses incident to the transportation, installation, etc., of exhibits for the California Room in the Woman's Building. This room had been planned, designed, and exhibits therefor secured, by Mrs. Frona E. Wait, •of San Francisco, an alternate member of the National Board of Lady Managers, who was instrumental in procuring the passage of the bill; but by the terms thereof the money was made payable to the order of the California World's Fair Commission. Although this legislative action had. been taken without the knowledge of the Commissioners, they deemed it for the best interests of the State to accept the trust indirectly, but, with the consent of all concerned, placed the practical disposition of the funds in the hands of the California members and alternate members of the National Board of Lady Managers, or a majority thereof. The California Room was 36 by 28 feet, with a height of 17 feet to the ceiling. When completed, its interior walls, for five or six feet above the floor, were wholly wainscoted with redwood, both the straight and curly grains and the burl of the wood being employed, and all so highly polished as to reflect like mirrors, yet without the use of varnish or other finishing that would impair the effect of the natural grain. Above the wainscoting, paintings by California artists were placed side by side, being set in the wall like panels. On the north side of the room was a French plate mirror, the glass being 7 by 10 feet and inclosed in a rich molding, while above was a seal of the State, and surrounding all a massive frame of unique design. The beautiful parquetry floor was much admired. The ceiling was so constructed as to show the rafters, which were smoothly finished, and by means of cross-joists and moldings was formed into deep-set squares. Arranged about the room, among other articles, were the following: Set of hand-carved furniture (10 pieces), the seats and backs of eight being covered with carved leather, and the other two with pyrogravure work, or burned leather. The wood-carving was done by L. Blohm, the designs for the leather work by Mrs. E. P. Bradley, the carving of the leather by J. O'Kane, and the pyrogravure by Lilian O'Hara, all of San Francisco. The cactus was used as a form scheme in all work. A handsome upright piano stood in one corner of the room, while •elsewhere were urns and vases with growing cacti therein, onyx and marble pedestals, a jardiniere, an uncommonly large bear-skin serving as a rug, a cabinet 3^ feet square and 5^ feet high containing thirty pieces of china contributed by the California Keramic Club, leather por- tieres, a music folio, a donors' album and case, ollas, etc. The redwood for the room was secured chiefly through the efforts of John Dolbeer, while the finishing and placing of the panels was done by R. P. Hurl- burt, both of San Francisco. The installation of exhibits at Chicago, the securing of needed articles to complete the display, and the care of the room during the Exposition devolved upon Mrs. James R. Deane and Mrs. P. P. Rue, California members of the National Board of Lady Managers, and Mrs. I. L. Requa, an alternate member, all of whom contributed personally towards the expense of its maintenance. The room as a whole was much admired by visitors, particularly on account of the novelty of design and finish. The fund provided by the Legislature was disbursed to the following 86 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. persons for expenses connected with the room: To Mrs. Frona E. Wait^ $380 67; R. P. Hurlburt, $250; D. P. Ogilvie, $90 70; Klemm & Smith, $185; Edmund Russell, $100; Lilian O'Hara, $100; Jules R. Mersfelder, $100; J. Dunfee & Co., $195; J. O'Kane, $300; Mrs. E. P. Bradley, $260; California Furniture Manufacturing Co., $75; National Bank of D. 0. Mills & Co., 54 cents; California World's Fair Commission, return of money advanced for freight, storage, drayage, etc., $463 09; total, $2,500. OUTDOOR EXHIBITS OP CALIFORNIA TREES AND PLANTS. In the northern half of the Horticultural Building, shut in by the walls of the central and north pavilions and the front and rear curtains, but open to the sky overhead, was an area 270 by 88 feet. This rect- angle, known as the North Court, was secured by the Commission for California's most remarkable exhibit — a bearing citrus orchard. It had been the original intention to divide the space equally between the northern and southern portions of the State, but preparations not being sufficiently advanced in the northern counties by the time the Exposi- tion opened, the ground was almost entirely occupied by trees and plants forwarded by the Southern California World's Fair Association. The trees intended for the orchard had been dug up a year or two before and placed in roomy and strongly built boxes. As soon as the spring of 1893 was far enough advanced to make a change of climate reason- ably safe, they were carefully transported, carload after carload, from the shores of the Pacific to the shores of Lake Michigan, and there replanted so skillfully and so faithfully tended, that they grew and bore fruit to the very close of the Exposition. The citrus display in the open court consisted of about thirty orange and twenty lemon trees, which had been handled with such care that the dark verdure of their leafage was gemmed with much ripened fruit, in the shape of " hold-overs" from the former winter's crop, besides the abundant blossoms and fruit of the current season. This surprising display awakened lively interest in myriads of visitors : especially among those who, living all their lives under sterner skies, had never before had the privilege of enjoying such a sight or even seeing a single bearing orange or lemon tree. The oranges were grouped in the southern half of the court, the lemons in the northern, while a few fig trees, guava shrubs, phoenix palms, dracenas, and choice roses, planted between the rows, enhanced the semi-tropical effect. The two little orchard plats were set well out from the wall, leaving space all around and between them for ample paths, from which they were separated by a low hedge of Monterey cypress standing in a strip of green sward. Each hedge corner was marked by a laurustinus, a cryptomeria, or a young redwood, and the bands of turf beside the hedge were dotted at intervals with variegated century plants and graceful phoenix and fan palms. Near the pavilion walls, at the north and south ends of the court,, were planted beautiful rosebushes in great variety, with an occasional arbor-vitse or a banana, while close to the building were arranged hundreds and hundreds of calla lilies, fairly bordering the entire area. Mrs. H. W. R. Strong's little model of a new system of storage-reservoirs- was located in this court. This court and the grounds about the California Building, elsewhere REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 87 described, by no means exhausted the supply of trees and shrubs from the Golden State. Out on the north side of the Midway Plaisance, just east of the Illinois Central Railroad, and conspicuous from its elevated track ag one looked toward Jackson Park, lay a well-tilled parcel of ground nearly an acre in extent, commonly called the California Nursery. The chief portion of this plat was of rectangular form, and laid out in approved orchard fashion. It contained about two dozen lemon trees, comprising Agnes, Bonnie Brae, Eureka, Lisbon, and Villa Franca; and four dozen oranges — Hart's Tardift", Mediterranean Sweet, Navel, Oonshiu, and Tangerine — part of them in bearing, with a few limes and citrons; one well-grown Mission olive tree, 16 feet high, and a solitary magnolia grandiflora. There were also guavas and loquats, the latter freighted with yellow fruit, while the space was wholly surrounded with thrifty phoenix and fan palms, intermingled with grevilleas, pepper trees, and several varieties of eucalyptus. Besides the foregoing, all of which were sent from the southern counties, there were a dozen slender olive-shoots of as many varieties, each labeled with its proper name, from San Mateo County. The west, north, and east sides of this rectangle were bounded by broad paths, while on the south, along the main avenue of the Plaisance, was a wide border of green sward pierced with eight circlets, in each of which a rare and handsome rosebush was planted. On the east side, between the walk and the wide avenue, lay another strip of turf, 12 or 15 feet in width, dotted with nearly fifty ornamental trees and foliage or flowering plants, a number of which grow wild in California. The collection included " Bird of Paradise," golden arbor- vitse, Japanese laurel, pomegranate, and umbrella trees from Los Angeles County; a Japanese paper tree from Santa Barbara; redwoods from San Mateo; habrothamnus, libonias, and pittosporums, with polygalas and veronicas of several species, from Golden Gate Park, San Francisco; azaleas and rhododendrons, California lilac, " Oregon grape," salal, and salmon berry from Humboldt County; and ornamental trees and plants from Fresno County. The narrow triangle left between the west path and the railroad embankment was filled with nursery stock from Butte and Santa Clara Counties, mostly the latter, there being apricots, plums, prunes, figs, almonds, chestnuts, and walnuts in considerable variety. 88 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. SPECIAL OCCASIONS AND EXERCISES. DEDICATION OF THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING. The formal dedication of a State building in Jackson Park was always officially recognized and honored by the authorities of the World's Columbian Exposition, the exercises attending it being to the State what the general dedication ceremonies were to the Exposition itself. Although the California Building was ready early in May, it was deemed advisable to defer its dedication until the Exposition as a whole, should be so far completed that many Californians would be in Chicago, and especially until the Governor of the State could be present and formally accept the building on behalf of our great commonwealth. Monday, June 19th, was finally chosen for Dedication Day. Thou- sands of invitations had been sent out, and the event had been further heralded, weeks in advance, by the Chicago press and the great dis- tributing news agencies with headquarters on the grounds. Governor Markham had arrived there long enough beforehand to familiarize himself with the Exposition at large, and to judge, by comparison, of the merits of the State display. So great was the general interest in California, on account of the notable and brilliant display of her matchless products, that the early morning hours of Dedication Day saw throngs assembling around and pouring into the building. Great pains had been taken to decorate the edifice appropriately, both within and without. Bunting was used unstintedly in festoons and streamers. Besides " Old Glory," special flags — some em- blazoned with State emblems, others typical of agriculture, horticulture, and mining — waved from the tall flagstaffs on the eight Mission- Moorish towers. The ensign of Spain recalled the time when California was a Spanish province; the bear flag, dear to every true Californian, as signalizing the epoch when Spanish rule yielded to American, was given a place of especial honor, while around and over all floated the national colors. The interior was decorated with equal effect. A platform, draped entirely with American flags and set about with palms, orange and lemon trees, ferns, and flowers, had been built on the lower floor near the south entrance. This floor was occupied by general visitors, who thronged the broad aisles and adjacent spaces, while the gallery floor, reserved for invited guests, was likewise filled to overflowing. Among telegraphic reports of the day's exercises, sent broadcast throughout this and other countries by the Associated Press, appeared the following: "In the formal dedication to-day of the California Building, residents of the Golden State celebrated the event with that free and easy grace for which they are famous. The big building was lavishly decorated outside and in with flags, flowers, plants rare and beautiful, and from end to end, from top to bottom, the huge structure presented a picture pleasing to the eye. Not less than 10,000 people REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 89 had assembled when the hour arrived for the ceremonies. They were not all Californians, to be sure, but they all admired the building and the gorgeous display of fruits, flowers, gold and other products of the State." The exercises began at 2 o'clock p. m. Seated on the platform were the Governor of the State, prominent Exposition officials, executive officers of different States and foreign governments, municipal officers of Chicago, and other invited guests, as well as members of the Cali- fornia Commission and of the Board of Lady Managers. After appro- priate music by the Second Regiment Band of Chicago, James D. Phelan, Vice-President of the California World's Fair Commission, called the great concourse to order, and spoke as follows: ADDRESS OF COMMISSIONER JAMES D. PHELAN. Governor Marhham, Ladies and Gentlemen: California has a special reason to join in tliis Columbian Exposition, inspired as it is by the heroism and achievements of that great type of the Spanish navigator, Cliristopher Columbus; for only fifty years after the discovery of America, the seamen of Spain, under Cabrillo, discovered the California coast, and subsequently settled the country. And so we Californians join, I say, with special interest in celebrating the magnificent services to civilization performed by Spain. But in this practical age we are not actuated entirely by sentiment. Californians had also other reasons for coming to Chicago. We came here to show the part we are play- ing on the great stage of the world. We came here to show the development of the State since the American occupation in 1846. We came here to enlarge our markets and invite a new immigration. These were our objects, and therein you will find the mean-, ing of our building and our exhibits. In the Spanish mission architecture of our build- ing we honor Spain ; in our display, we trust, we honor California. You maj^ notice there is an inscription somewhere in the building, bearing a sentiment which will find eager response in everv Californian heart: "California, esto perpetua." A countryman was observed the other day to pause and endeavor to interpret its hidden meaning.' He repeated the legend several times, and finally said: "I have it. California is perfect! " "Another California brag," added he. Perhaps Californians are boastful, out can you blame them for it? It is no empty boast, it is prompted by that pride which every man, woman, and child who has lived in California feels at home and abroad — a sentiment that grows with their travels in other lands, and is therefore not provincial. It is not selfish, for all mankind are invited to share it. " I would answer the countryman: We have brought this exhibit hereto make good our boast. With a sparse population — less than that of Chicago — we have a marvelous production of fruits, grains, and gold. We have here on view exhibits of fine arts and of educational progress. We offer these things in evidence of what we have done and what we are capable of doing, and what possibilities, grand beyond speech, are awaiting in the future the march of population. These fruits, free in their habitat from wintry blasts— a condition of their growth — we offer in evidence of not only a productive soil, but a genial sky — the climate of California. And so, sir, having gathered this exhibit together, and set it up for these purposes in our State building, in the name of the California World's Fair Commission 1 transfer it to you for the people of the State, and now hand you the keys, as emblematic of the transfer. As Governor Markham arose to accept the keys thus presented, he was greeted with cheers and a waving of handkerchiefs by the assembled guests. When the applause had ceased, he spoke as follows: DEDICATORT ADDRESS BY GOVERNOR H. H. MARKHAM, OF CALIFORNIA. Mr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen: I first desire to express thanks to Almighty God, and to the people of these United States, that California was jiermitted to become a member of the great family of States, of which every American citizen is so justly i)roud. Sir, when I behold the magnitude and grandeur of this, the greatest exposition the world has ever known — when I consider the vastness of the undertaking, and the energy and determination manifested by all to make it worthy in every resi)ect of the great event which it commemorates, and thus to crown the century with an exhibition that shall go down to posterity as the exponent of our industrial and intellectual progress — I am more than aelighte'd to extend to the managers California's hearty greeting and emphatic commendation of their efforts, and to congratulate them uj)on the success already attained, and upon that which is sure to mark the completion of their labors. 90 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Mr. President, while thus acknowledging our appreciation of the many blessings that we as a people have received in thus being permitted to join the great sisterhood of States, I desire to briefly mention what Clalifornia has done, and what she bids fair to do, in return for this exalted privilege of statehood. Forty-three years ago she was admitted into the Union, and to-day she has less than 1,500,000 of inhabitants. Yet when I tell you what her handftil of people have accom- plished, not only for California, but for the whole country, I am sure you will concede that she has justly earned her high position among the newer States of the Union, and will command the respect and confidence of the whole country. Those who know her best love her most, and appreciate most highly the thrift, energy, enterprise, and intelli- gence of her people. I can say, without offense, that they are in truth the most enter- prising people of any State in the Union, for California numbers among her inhabitants persons from nearly every precinct in the United States, and from almost every country under the sun, and I think a little reflection upon the part of each will convince you that those who have emigrated from your immediate neighborhoods to California are somewhat above the average of citizens. As so many of our people emigrated from other States, it'is only fair to say that what faults they have should be charged rather to their early education than to California, for we know our native sons and daughters are per- fection. California is one thousand miles by road from north to south, and in many places more than three hundred and fifty miles by road from east to west. Immense mountain ranges have been overcome; thirty to forty rivers and hundreds of mountain streams have been bridged and protected ; great valleys, deserts, and plains converted into farms, orchards, and gardens ; dense forests penetrated and subdued ; the three thousand miles separating us from our extreme eastern markets overcome ; railroads have been con- structed and supported ; wagon roads have been built in every direction ; fences, school- houses, towns, villages, and cities have been built ; immense irrigation works constructed ; new enterprises of every description created and cared for; and all this accomplished within the last forty-three years by a population averaging for that time less than seven hundred thousand people. These facts demonstrate two truths : first, that the people of the State must be all I have said of them ; and second, that she possesses resources beyond the conception of the ordinary man. Otherwise, such results in so short a period of time, with so limited a population, could never have been accomplished. While we are all proud of the financial standing of this nation, California must be credited with furnishing the gold that saved this country in her direst need. And, sir, let me saj^ right here that three fourths of that gold was taken away without leaving to California a farthing to show for it, so far as her internal welfare was concerned ; in fact, but a small portion of it was left to California for the exclusive use of Californians. Yet it saved the financial credit of the nation and placed her in the prosperous condition she occupies to-day. The nation is welcome to it, for California can still "keep house " without it, and she is able to continue doing these charitable acts with her usual becoming modestj'. Between the years 1848 and 1878 California produced for the use of this country |1,185,- 550,000 in gold, and since 1878, $220,00;),000. In addition to this she has produced many millions in silver, all of which she has contributed to the financial interests of the whole country. It is safe to say that, locked up in our hills to-day, awaiting the action of the Federal Government to aid in its extraction, we have as much gold as has already been taken out ; and I am convinced that this Government can resort to no means so certain, so speedy, and so economical for furnishing it with gold to restore its depleted treasury as to permit hydraulic mining, now enjoined in the Federal Courts, to be carried on in such a manner as not to destroy agricultural and horticultural interests. It can be done, and it will be done, and this country must soon earnestly undertake the work as a national enterprise, and carry it to a successful conclusion. So much for what California has done for the nation. Let me now briefly state what she has done toward making herself a worthy sister, an important factor m the great combination of States, a component part of this great republic. Cut off all communica- tion with the outside world and, owing to our geographical and topographical position, we could still live upon our own resources, and enjoy all the necessaries as well as the luxuries of life. To say nothing of the scientific inventions with which she has enriched mankind, she has taught the world advanced lessons in mining and the laws governing it. She has invented and put into practical use the most successful mining machinery ever con- structed, thus saving the mining industries of this country millions upon millions of dollars annually. She has taught the people that dangers, hardships, privations, suffer- ings, and toil can be endured if only the individual wills it. She has furnished the men and the brain that conceived, planned, and carried to a successful termination the scheme of binding this country together with tie and rail, -making it possible for me in less than four days to sweep across the great expanse of country separating San Fran- cisco from Chicago. It maj' seem easy now, but how was it when the idea originated with these men? She has taken the lead in horticulture and viticulture, and stands preeminent to-day as the great fruit garden of the nation. Indeed, I may say without fear of contradic- tion, that within the last twenty years she has placed the business of horticulture upon a scientific. basis, and elevated it to a place among the arts. To-day the most intelligent men of the State are engaged in this pursuit. The cultivation of fruit is alluring the REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 91 cultivated people from all over the country t» California, and is thus creating a class of country gentlemen, whose culture, refinement, and generous living have no equal in any other State, and in no other pursuit. Within the last twelve years this industry has made most wonderful strides. In 1880 our shipments were only about 500 carloads of dried, canned, and green fruit. In 1892 they reached the enormous figure of 20,495 carloads, and the number is constantly in- creasing. These products have almost ceased to be luxuries, and are fast becoming necessaries. The production of the grape and the olive has made most wonderful ad- vance in our State during the same period. But the money, enterprise, and intelligence engaged in these pursuits have had to contend with the difficulties incident to competi- tion with countries whose inhabitants have profited by the accumulated experience which generation after generation engaged in tnese pursuits has conferred. They have likewise l)een brought into competition with the cheapest of labor, which California can not and will not tolerate in any branch of her industries, believing as she does that well- paid labor is the cheapest and most beneficial in the world. Our raisins and prunes are sure to displace all foreign importations, and our oranges and nuts have captured the field. I may mention that the gross yield of fruits, nuts, raisins, wines, etc., aggregated last year almost .$33,000,000; our wheat crop was 40,000,000 bushels, and other grains were in proportion. Our inexhaustible supply of redwood lumber, found nowhere else in the world, is called for by every country under the sun. But I might talk to you for hours and then could not enumerate all the resources, advan- tages, and enterprises imperfectly mentioned here. I have trespassed upon the good nature of those present simply to let you know, in my imperfect way, that we have earned our position among tne'States of the Union. Let me speak a word in regard to the policy of Californians. Her people have alwaj's appreciated the fact that every person and every State should contribute something toward the general welfare of the race, and accordingly California began early to care for her poor, her orphans, and every class of unfortunates within lier borders, until to-day no State in the Union is so liberal. She early took upon herself the education of her children, and her public and normal schools and State University are the pride of our people. Notwithstanding this great liberality in public affairs, the State is out of debt, owing not a dollar except to herself. She has a small bonded indebtedness, but it is for school and university purposes, and therefore she owes it to her own especial wards. Her public buildings are all modern, convenient, substantial, and complete in their appoint- ments, and our public school buildings are indeed a credit to any State or to any com- munity. Her taxes are promptly paid and her appropriations liberal. She does nothing she cannot do well. We have in our savings banks about $133,000,000, and the Bank Com- missioners estimate that two thirds of this amount belongs to the laboring classes. Our banks, with very few exceptions, are in splendid condition, and our building and loan associations haVe at least $30,000,000, which also belongs largely to laboring people. These items certainly show that our State is in a most excellent financial condition. 1 believe that the" bill which passed the Legislature, appropriating $300,000 for the purpose of having our State represented properly at this time, was the first appropriation passed by any State in the Union, and that no State in the Union, except the great State of Illinois, has appropriated a larger sum. It was indeed a liberal appropriation for less than a million and a half of people to make. But we have made it, and, ]\lr. President, at your request I am here to-day to find out what you have done, what you propose to do, and to accept from you this building on behalf of our State. The bill creating this Commission provided, among other things, that the Governor should appoint a Commissioner from each of the seven congressional districts of the State, divided between the two great political parties. In compliance with these pro- visions I appointed this Commission, and selected, as I believe, the very best man for the position in each district, and turned the whole management over to them, believing that the interests of the people would be better subserved by placing the management abso- lutely in their hands, untrammeled in any manner. It has been to you, gentlem.en of the Commission, a thankless task, without pay, but full of annoyances and difficulties, and will so continue to the end; yet your patriotic devotion to the interests of our State should stimulate you, notwithstanding all these difficulties, to bend every energy in the direction of absolute, unqualified success. You are Californians, and represent a people and a State that will tolerate nothing less than unqualified success ; and if to accom plisli this you are obliged to die in the harness, we will mourn your loss, erect suitable monu- ments to your memorj', and at once begin preparations for the next World's Fair. This building is indeed a typical California building, and as marked in every feature as California itself. Unlike California in one particular, it has been a little slow. The building, to have been thoroughly Californian, should have been completed at least a month ahead of all other buildings on these grounds. I am satisfied, however, that you have done your best, under all the circumstances, and the people will, when fully advised, be content, provided that from this time on California's real worth and impor- tance are properly presented to the visiting world. Let us hope that you have selected thoroughly informed attendant;?, who are familiar with every detail under their charge. They should be instructed that their statements to strangers must be candid, conserva- tive, and truthful, and that at all times their attentions to visitors must be courteous. Mr. President and gentlemen of this Commission, I take pleasure in expressing to you my thanks for the faithful, intelligent, and earnest manner in which you have per- formed your arduous duties. 92 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. This building is indeed a credit. to California and the whole country, and its contents, including State displays and the splendid exhibits maintained by enterprising counties, will, I am sure, attract the attention of every thoughtful person who shall visit these grounds. I am confident that the whole State will respond from time to time to your demands, and that these attractions will be increased rather than diminished. Mr. President, as Governor df California, I now accept your tender of this magnificent building, and thank you again, in behalf of our people, for the discharge of your duties. I desire also to thank the three National Commissioners from our State, and especially the Hon. M. H. de Young, for the earnest, zealous^ and patriotic efforts put forth at all times in behalf of California's interests. Much, indeed, is due to those well-directed efforts. I desire at this time to express our appreciation of the presence of the distin- guished visitors who have so highJj' honored us on this occasion, and to them, and to the people generally, I extend California's hearty greeting, trusting that you will soon visit our State, and on behalf of my people I extend to you, and to each of you, a most cordial invitation, assuring you that we can easily accommodate ten times the number we now have, and that the opportunities for success are as good as, if not better than at any other time. Ladies and gentlemen, I thank you for your kind attention. After the applause that followed had subsided, and the band had played a medley of patriotic airs, the Chairman introduced Gen. T. W. Palmer, who spoke on behalf of the National Commission, his humorous sallies being thoroughly appreciated by the audience. Among other things, he said: EBMAEKS BY GEN. T. W. PALMER, PRESIDENT WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION. I came near being a Californian. In my youthful days, when I was in Rio Janeiro, and broke, I tried to get passage on a Spanish transport to the Golden Gate. I came near getting it, but a slip intervened, and I was invited to come home instead. If I had gone to California, I might have been either under the sod or a millionaire, and I sometimes think that the former class have better times than the latter. I congratulate the people of California on combining the esthetic, the social, and the commercial in their State building. These State buildings are one of the most admirable features of the fair. They teach the unity, and yet the diversity, of the States, and proclaim the brotherhood of mankind. Men and women of California, your State is a pride to the Union, and your people are a pride to their State. More music having intervened, M. H. de Young, one of the National Commissioners from California, was invited to address the multitude. In briefly responding, he said: REMARKS BY M. H. DE YOUNG, SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT OF THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN COMMISSION. The only subject we have before us to-day is California. When you think of the fact that it is only about forty years since California first began to walk, there seems to be yet room to talk of its wonders and greatness. We date our material advance from 1865, for it has been scarcely twenty years since we ceased to be isolated from the rest of the Union, yet in that time we have made of it not only the greatest gold-producing State in the country, but the greatest olive, wine, and beet State in America as well. Many years ago, in the good old traditional days, " in the days of old, the days of gold," our people turned all their efforts toward wresting the golden nuggets from the bosom of tne earth. Then they built cities and towns, houses and mills ; but later they moved on and on, and left these signs of civilization to rust and decay. But cooler heads returned, and to these are due the present building up of the State. There was some- thing left for them — not in the mountains, but in tlie soil — and now every year is return- ing wealth more and more. We exchanged our golden nugget for our golden orange. 1 want to thank the State Board, on behalf of the National Commission, for the splendid work it has done in combining these displays of our wonderful products. I wish, also, to thank the lady managers. Thej^, too, have done much toward making our €xhibit attractive, and their just credit should not be denied them. J. M. Samuels, Chief of the Department of Horticulture of the World's Columbian Exposition, was next called upon. Being surrounded on every side by fruits and flowers he Avas in his element, and had mani- festly given due weight to the complimentary words he uttered, which were in part as follows: REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 93 SPEECH OF J. M. SAMUELS, CHIEF OF THE DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. I feel it is my duty to express my appreciation of what California has done for the Department of ilorticulture. The State has occupied every foot of space assigned to her in the several divisions of the department with a magnilicent display, besides appropri- ating the entire area relinquished by other more tardy or less enterprising common- wealths. It is but j\ist to the enterprise of j^our citizens to state the fact that Californians are at the present time preeminently in the lead of all exhibitors in the Department of Horticulture. To those familiar witti your varied and wonderful resources, and the in- telligence and energy of your citizens, this is naturally expected. The first evidences that you intended to distance all competitors came in the way of complaints. Here was the most convincing proof that you intended doing something. I was pleased to note this evidence of your earnestness, and knew sooner or later you would take the place of the fellow who readily agreed to accept whatever was offered, and was even willing to cut that half in two. Gentlemen, I am profoundly grateful to you for your untiring interest in the Depart- ment of Horticulture, and the ready response you have made to every request made by me, and I wish I could induce the press and the public more.thoroughly to understand the sacrifices you are making to keep up a continual fruit display, something that has never been attempted at anj' fair before. Your exhibits in pomology, floriculture, horti- culture, and arboriculture are but a meager representation of what you intend to have in the future, but they are now the wonder and admiration of all nations. Changing from horticulture to viticulture, Miss Kate Field, the author and lecturer, was then introduced. In part she said: REMARKS BY MISS KATE FIELD. This is no place for speech-making. It is a time and place when we should all unite in a mighty hallelujah to God and man for this, the greatest spectacle the universe has ever seen. President Palmer said a few moments ago that he had never been in Cali- fornia ; but I have lived there, and know it from Shasta in the north to beautiful San Diego in the south. I love every part of the great State, and while there I learned a very great lesson. I mean a lesson in the gospel of temperance, for I believe that that cause will be advanced more by the use of good pure wine, in place of degrading liquors, than through any other medium. Your Governor says Californians are perfect; but since I am a semi-Californian, I can say thev are no better than the rest of us. The typical American has not j^et been born, but will be about two hundred years hence. When he does make his appearance on this earth, he will come from California. John W. Hutchinson, the last survivor of the famous Hutchinson family of vocalists that traveled from city to city years ago, then gave voice to a California song, composed by his brother Jesse when crossing the plains forty years before. This concluded the programme, but a call of "Douglass! Douglass!" went up from the audience, and in response Frederick Douglass, the venerable colored orator, stepped forward and feelingly referred to Cali- fornia as one of the first-born of the States into liberty. Continuing, he enlarged upon the thought that greater than California fruit or gold is that spirit in her people which could invite him from the audience to the platform in recognition of the brotherhood of man, which exists beyond State or country, or even race; and that while Californians do well to extol the enterprise and productiveness of their State, it is meet to remember what is a still greater element in her success, the true man- hood and true womanhood of her people. . After all these exercises the invited guests assembled in the offices of the Commission and in the art gallery, where they were plenteously supplied with refreshments, especially California fruits and wines; and then, till twilight came, they busied themselves in examining the varied contents of the great building, all features serving to make Dedication Day one long to be remembered. 94 EEPOET OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. BANQUET TO GOVERNOR MARKHAM. A fitting sequence to the brilliant public exercises connected with Dedication Day was a banquet, given at the Auditorium Hotel in Chicago, on the evening of June 20th. Speaking- of this event, the "Chicago Tribune" of the following day said: "California was the big word at the Auditorium banquet hall last night. It appeared on the walls of the beautiful ivory and gold room, on the flower-decked tables, on the menu cards, on the generous wines, in the faces of the banquet- ers, and ever and again in the words of the speakers. It was an appro- priate close of a great day in Chicago for the sons of the Golden State. The banquet was given in honor of Henry H. Markham, Governor of California, by 'Californians in exile,' according to the title page of the menu cards." The tables were arranged somewhat in the shape of an L, fruits, flow- ers, palms, ferns, etc., having been used with splendid decorative effect. Only California fruits, wines, and mineral waters were used during the repast, all of which received strong words of commendation from the sixty gentlemen present. Near the close of the dinner, Commissioner Robert McMurray, of Cali- fornia, who was the presiding genius and toast-master, arose, and in a semi-humorous, but effective speech regarding the lonesomeness of Cali- fornians in exile (to be in any spot outside of California was termed exile), and their longing for the golden sands and bounteous harvests of the Pacific State, proposed the health of the principal guest of the even- ing. Governor Markham. In responding, the Governor took occasion to speak of the grandeur and beauty of the Exposition as a whole, of the far-sightedness of the men who had planned and directed it, of the part taken by California in contributing to its success, and of the advantages that she offers in the line of pleasant outdoor or commercial pursuits. Other speakers followed, fully one half the number present responding to toasts. Among those seated around the tables were: Governor H. H. Markham of California; Gen. T. W. Palmer, President of the World's Columbian Commission; M. H. de Young, Second Vice-President; J. M. Samuels, Chief of the Department of Horticulture; W. I. Buchanan, Chief of the Department of Agriculture; J. W. Collins, Chief of the Department of Fish and Fisheries; Major M. P. Handy, Chief of the Department of Publicity and Promotion; H. M. La Rue, Chief of the Viticultural Bureau; Gen. Nelson A. Miles, U. S. A.; Melville E. Stone, General Manager Associated Press; Judge Wm. T. Wallace, California; State Commissioners R. Murray, James D. Phelan, and S. W. Fergusson; Washington Porter, W. D. Kerfoot, R. Comely, Mark L. McDonald, R. I. Brownfield, Robert Ansley, Dr. N. J. Bird, C. M. Wells, A. L. Clarke, W. H. Holabird, Drury Melone, I. L. Requa, M. L. Requa, B. T. Lacy, Norton Bush, Frank Wiggins, G. A. Wilson, J. F. Thompson, David Bush, J. Horsburgh, Dr. A. Garceau, T. C. Judkins, Col. Charles Page Bryan, J. C. Stubbs; Charles P. Mattocks, Executive Commissioner of Maine; William Irelan, Jr., C. L. Lloyd, Maj. J. B. Lauck, Dr. McLain, W. G. Emerson, P. B. Wight, W. B. Bissell, James Dunphy, Horace G. Piatt, John Boggs, and W. E. Dargie. First Ringing of Columbian Liberty Bell on Exposition Grounds— "California Day " (Page 95.) In State Wood and Forestry Exhibit— Forestry Building. (Page 83.) KEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 95 CALIFORNIA, OR ADMISSION, DAY. An occasion vying in importance with Dedication Day, and serving to signalize the rapid growth of the State since the date of American occu- pancy, was California, or Admission, Day, September 9, 1893, this being the forty-third anniversary of the admission of the State into the Union. One of the incidents of the day, occurring before the formal exercises at the State building, was the ringing, for the first time on the Exposi- tion grounds, of the New Liberty Bell. The making of this bell was inspired by a Californian, Mrs. Madge Morris Wagner, through her now famous poem that foretold the casting of a bell which should be com- posed of captives' chains, heroes' swords, emblems of affection, etc., gathered from all nations of the earth, and which should ring only on the anniversary of important liberty events in different parts of the world, especially America. W. 0. McDowell, of New Jersey, read the lines, and set himself to the task of carrying out the idea in its entirety. The result was that, after years of effort, a bell weighing 13,000 pounds was cast, the constituent parts being 250,000 different pieces of metal. Under these circumstances, it was fitting that a Californian should be given the most prominent part in the programme, and Miss Alice Scott, of San Francisco, daughter of Irving M. Scott, President of the California World's Fair Commission, had the honor of ringing the bell for the first time at the Exposition. The cord that she used in striking the notes was one specially made for the occasion from silk collected from all cities in the Union where silk is produced or manufactured. During the exercises that followed, Alice Mitchell, daughter of a California pio- neer, sang several stanzas of her own composing, entitled "The New Liberty Bell." In noting the proceedings of Admission Day it will serve to show the interest taken in California events generally to quote a description pub- lished in the "Chicago Inter-Ocean" of September 10th: " California yesterday proved her claim that she is a land of sunshine and flowers, and, it might be added, of hospitality. Those who have visited the slope know the Calif ornians to be hospitable at home; all the world now knows that they are alike hospitable abroad. "The State building, inside and out, was in gala attire. Flags and flowers of all sizes and colors were profusely used in the decorations. Even the old Spanish flag of California was there; so was the old bear flag; so were the flags of foreign lands; so was the American flag, bigger, prouder, and brighter than all the rest. " From the early morning hours men and women wedged themselves into the gay building, and others massed themselves outside to wait for the distribution of free fruit, a bag or parcel having been promised to every man, woman, and child on the grounds — meaning something over 200,000. Secretary Judkins, in his office, was overwhelmed with friendly callers, but he had a kind word and a shake of the hand for all he could reach. " Not only native and adopted sons and daughters of California turned out in great crowds, but nearly every man and woman who had ever been a temporary sojourner within the boundaries of the State was on hand and claimed the right to wear the golden crest. The Grand Army men, the Mexican veterans, and the '49-ers all united with the Cali- fornians to help make the fete a memorable occasion. 96 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. "A special committee of California women took good care of visitors of their own sex. It was composed of Mrs. E. 0. Smith, Mrs. A. M. Marsellus, Mrs. V. S. Bradley, Mrs. E. S. Cummins, Mrs. A. P. Wiggins, Mrs. R. McMurray, Mrs. T. C. Judkins, Mrs. Mary E. Hart, Miss Clara Stockton, and Miss Frances E. Hawkins. There were other reception committees of pioneers and war veterans. * * * "Altiiough the programme announced that the exercises would begin at 2 o'clock, it was almost 3 o'clock before the dignitaries arrived and took their places on the platform. " Vice-President James D. Phelan, of the California World's Fair Commission, presided, and delivered this address of welcome: "On behalf of the California World's Fair Commission, and in the name of the people of our State, I extend to you a cordial welcome, and at the same time thank you for your presence in such large numbers here to-day, the natal day of California — tne day, forty-three years ago, on which she was given to the Union, a young State, free by the act of her citizens. * * * "On the great seal of the State is the figure of Minerva, to symbolize the fact that California sprang fully equipped into being, without having as a Territory passed through the probationary period of waiting and doubt. She was beheld with covetous eyes as a stranger, and was hailed from afar as a friend. The people of all the States contributed their valor, brawn, and brain, won her, and made her worthy and welcome as an American commonwealth. "Those men of the older Stales, who fought the battles for our territory, the veterans of the Mexican War, we honor and revere ; those men who crossed the mountains and deserts, or traversed the stormy seas, fraught with the greatest dangers, who left kith and kin, and friends and fireside, to carve fortune and fame in a new land, the hardy and masterful spirits of a past generation — the pioneers — the builders of California, the heroes of the West, we greet them ; we give them the place of honor at our board and in our hearts. "We say to all Americans who would share our destiny: If the past is so prolific, what may the future hold? But a single generation has since grown — the native sons and dang'hters of California — new to the people of the East, yet not unknown. They have triumphed not only in the field of material development, but in art, literature, music, and the drama, where grow the ripest and fairest fruits on the tree of civilization, they have gathered in plenty. " ii'rom our schools and universities they go out in yearly increasing numbers to win laurels that entwine the brow of their beloved California. And in evidence, it is with great pleasure that we have on our platform to-day, and who will address you, not only the Mexican veteran and the California pioneer, but a worthy type of the new generation, in the person of a United States Senator for California ; and now I beg to introduce to you Senator Stephen M. White, who will deliver the oration of the day. "Senator Stephen M. White was generously applauded as he came forward to deliver the oration for California Day. His speech was an eloquent one, and was devoted almost entirely to California history and resources. He said in part: "ilfr. President, Ladies and Gentlemen : We are here to-day to celebrate the forty- third anniversary of California's admission to the Union, and to invite our sister States to join in common and heartfelt congratulation that the great Western Republic has been permitted to give to man this wonderful proof of her resources and her ability to endure. "No words of mine can add to the eloquent pictures descriptive of this Exposition which have heretofore been contributed, and notliing that I might say would add to the glory of the renowned navigator who gave this continent to civilization. Nor can I — as well as others have done — draw those conclusions from this display which have been and must be deduced by the philosophical mind. I shall rapidly glance at California, her station and history, for it is her turn to be heard, and it is her duty at this hour to give reasons for the pride which she does not seek to conceal. " He referred to the experiences of the Mission Fathers, the traits of the early Spanish-American settlers, the discovery of gold and the pio- neers who went in search of it. He dwelt upon the products of the State, its marvelous natural beauties and richness, and its mineral wealth. He paid a glowing tribute to the brave and generous men who REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 97 laid the foundations of the State, and to the noble women who braved every peril by land and sea and became mothers of the generation to which many still belong. In conclusion, Senator White said: "Permit me on behalf of the people of my State to extend to yon all an invitation to visit us, especially next winter, durins; which time we expect to hold a Midwinter Fair. Congress has generously extended tlie same bonding privileges to foreign exhibitors, which have been accorded to this Exposition, and we anticipate presenting a most attractive display. We not only invite you for the purpose of enabling you to observe those things which are brought to us for exhibition, but we trust that you will examiiae our State without discrimination or reference to any particular section. We think that you will derive much satisfaction from such investigation. Listening to the music of San Diego's sea-shore, as you gaze from Coronado's porches upon the lazy billows, silvered in the moonlight, you will detect the advent of the spell ; at Eedondo, Santa Monica and Santa Barbara you must recognize the growth of the enjoyment; when you reach peerless Monterej', you will be ready to capitulate. Or if, perhaps, you enjoy the mountain, upon our great Sierras, amidst the splendid scenic conditions which I have sought to portray, you will find gratification beyond my promises. And the hospitable city of San Francisco, in whose park our Elxposition will be held, is ready to receive you with that liberality for which she is noted ; and if you acquiesce in our offer, I feel con- fident that you will bless me for the suggestion. " If, whilespeaking in this edifice which California's munificence has built, I have suc- ceeded in satisfying any of you that she possesses attractions which make her a worthy associate in the great "and indissoluble Union, to whose glory she is delighted to con- tribute, my words have not been in vain. " After these orations the De Moss family of lyi ic bards sung a song entitled ' The Golden State,' especially composed for this occasion. " Then Edward E. Chever made a brief address on behalf of the Society of California Pioneers. Addison Ballard, President of the Western Association of California Pioneers, said a few words by way of greeting, and General Stevens spoke on behalf of the Mexican veterans. '■ This brought the speech-making to an end. Miss Alice S. Mitchell sang a song entitled 'California.' Edmund Russell read an original poem entitled ' The Voice of California,' which was written for the occa- sion by Emma Frances Dawson, author of 'Old Glory.' "A pleasant incident of the exercises was the bringing in of the floral Liberty Bell sent by Mrs. Adlai Stevenson, wife of the Vice-President of the United States, from Washington to the ladies of the Liberty Bell Committee. Mrs. Frank Stewart Osborn, representing that committee, presented the bell in turn to the California ladies, and it was gracefully accepted in a short speech on behalf of the latter by Mrs. E. 0. Smith. The Third Regiment Band of Wisconsin interspersed the exercises with music. " The distribution of fruit by the California people was the sensation of the day. The managers had stands erected outside the building and all kinds of fruit in boxes piled mountain-high. There were several car- loads of oranges, lemons, nectarines, peaches, pears, grapes, prunes, plums, etc., together with raisins, almonds, and walnuts. At 1 o'clock an attempt was made to hand out this fruit in paper bags, but within half an hour the crowd became so dense that four women fainted and were hauled away in an ambulance. The guards lost all control of the strug- gling mass of people, and thereafter the fruit was thrown out without much regard to system or order. Before dark it was all gone. Special baskets of fruit and wine were sent in wagons to each of the State and foreign buildings, to the chiefs of departments, and to representatives of the press within the grounds. A special supply was also placed at the disposal of Grand Army men. Light refreshments were served in the building to all invited guests." So much publicity had been given to the special feature of fruit-dis- 7w 98 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. tribution by this State, especially to the fact that provision would be made for a package of fruit for every man, woman, and child who entered the Exposition grounds, that California, or Admission Day, which was also celebrated by the Grand Army of the Republic and by Utah, recorded 231,532 paid admissions to the Exposition grounds, being the third largest attendance up to that time, and ranking next to July 4th and Illinois Day. RECEPTIONS, MEETINGS, ETC. Among miscellaneous gatherings provided for at Chicago, was a pleasant reception for Californians in the State building, on May 1, 1893, immediately after the formal exercises at the Administration Building, connected with the opening of the World's Columbian Expo- sition. There were impromptu speeches, recitations, songs, instrumental music, and the formal presentation to the Commission, through Vice- President James D. Phelan, of a handsome silk bear flag, the gift of Pacific Parlor No. 10, San Francisco, of the Native Sons of the Golden West. Late in May, delegates and members of the California Press Associa- tion to the number of eighty-four reached Chicago, to attend the sessions of the National Editorial Association and the Press Congress. Although for a portion of their stay they were guests of the City of Chicago, they were frequent visitors to the California Building, coming in groups of twos and threes, or more. Informal receptions were given them from time to time. They maintained an excellent display of fruits, grains, and minerals at their headquarters, near the business center of the city, and by their cordial hospitality to editors from other States aided materially in advancing the interests of California. On June 21st, the State Board of Lady Managers and other ladies in the building provided a delightful entertainment for the California school children who were given a free trip to the Exposition by the " San Fran- cisco Examiner." The central bridge of the gallery was beautifully decorated with potted ferns, palms, and flowers, while on long tables was spread a feast of native fruits and other products of the Golden State. An address of welcome was delivered by Mrs. E. 0. Smith, President of the Ladies' Board, which was responded to by Mrs. 0. Black (Annie Laurie) of the "Examiner" staff, who was in charge of the children. During the repast Governor Markham of California addressed the chil- dren in a pleasant, informal style, especially commending them for the high percentage of scholarship reached in competition with other public school pupils of the State. . Souvenirs were distributed to the juvenile guests before they dispersed. One of the most notable receptions of the season was that tendered by the women of the California Building, July 6th, to Mrs. Madge Morris Wagner of San Diego, the object being to give special recognition to the fact that it was a California woman whose poem prompted the making of the New Liberty Bell. During interesting songs, recitations, and speeches, Mrs. Wagner responded feelingly to an address of welcome, as did also Wm. 0. McDowell, who had caused the ideal bell to become a reality. Miss Pearl Wagner recited her mother's beautiful verses. A vocal solo was rendered by Mrs. Hillman Smith of San Jose, while a quartette of California voices discoursed appropriate music whenever called upon. Through S. W. Fergusson, who was then Executive Commissioner, .*■ \ REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 99 arrangements were made whereby a full day, known as Pioneer Day, was set aside for a reception to all California Pioneers who were either residing or visiting in the East. Invitations had been sent out in such numbers that on August 5th, the date of the reception, the State build- ing was filled to overflowing. Mr. Fergusson being suddenly called away, an address of greeting was delivered by Dr. N. J. Bird, at that time General Manager, and was followed by responses from Addison Ballard, President of the Western Association of California Pioneers, C. C. P. Holden, George J. Custer, Alexander Majors, H. M. La Rue, George W. Hotchkiss, and others. After the usual varied programme, refreshments were served to Pioneers and their friends, all of whom had been given the freedom of the building. Exposition officials honored the guests by giving them special recognition. California united with other States, on August 22d, in entertaining the officers and cadets from West Point, who were then on detail at the Expo- sition. In speaking of the part taken by her the "Chicago Herald" of the following morning said: " California cleared its galleries and opened wide its handsome parlors for the throng of young soldiers. An orchestra, hidden behind palms and ferns,* enlivened the charming crowd that con- gregated as guests of the Golden State." The anniversary of the discovery of the Pacific Ocean by Balboa in 1513 was celebrated on September 26th, California being given the prin- cipal part in the exercises, which were held in front of the Administra- tion Building. Gen. T. W. Palmer, President of the World's Columbian Commission; Rev. Flavins Brobst, of Chicago, and others spoke. By invitation of Mr. McDowell, Mrs. E. 0. Smith and Mrs. A. M. Marsellus represented California in the ringing of the New Liberty Bell. Irving M. Scott, President of the California World's Fair Commission, delivered the principal address of the day, saying in part, as quoted from the " Chicago Herald " of the following day: " The spirit of freedom marks the course of events in the history of California. The State occupies a notable position in the Union, and when the Rebellion broke out it was Cali- fornia's stream of yellow gold into the treasury of the United States that made it possible to ring this bell to-day. California's population is formed of the most enterprising men who have been able to leave their homes and strike for a new career in the West. We have a race of people second to none on the globe, and much of our prosperity do we owe to the fact of our people having 700 miles of seacoast upon the great Pacific, with its 76,000,000 square miles of water." On October 11th an informal reception was given to the Veteran Firemen of California, who had returned from a tour of the Eastern States. During their parade through the Exposition grounds they were welcomed by President T. W. Palmer and by Mark L. McDonald of California, on behalf of the National Commission. Following the parade they were received in the State building by Commissioners James D. Phelan, R. McMurray, and W. P. Mathews, and a committee of ladies, where speeches were made and refreshments served. Miss Harriet Hosmer was pleasingly entertained on October 21st, in recognition of her statue of Isabella. Mrs. H. W. R. Strong was in charge of the exercises, which were held in the Pampas Palace. Remarks were made by Miss Hosmer, May Wright Sewall, and others. Ina D. Coolbrith, of California, read a poem written by herself, entitled " Isa- bella of Spain." Refreshments followed in the reception-room of the 100 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Commission, many celebrated women exchanging pleasantries as they ate California fruit and sipped the pure juice of California grapes. Among the guests were Susan B. Anthony, May Wright Sewall, Kate Field, Lillian Whiting, and Baroness Dahlerup, of Denmark. On October 23d an instrumental recital was given in the Art Gallery by five gifted sons and daughters, known as the ." Beasey Children," of California. The assembled guests were more than delighted at the violin, cornet, and piano solos, and also with the usual spread of California fruits, etc., that followed. The International Correspondents' Club was given quarters in the Cali- fornia Building and weekly meetings were held there during a good por- tion of the Exposition. The Western Association of California Pioneers was assigned suitable space for their gatherings. Smaller societies also held meetings there, among them being the National Business League of America and the National Floral Emblem Society of America. Several rooms were placed at the disposal of the officers of the California Mid- winter International Exposition for their headquarters. After the close of the Exposition, a banquet was given in the rooms of the Commission to all Californians who, in any capacity, were con- nected with the State and county exhibits. The best of feeling pre- vailed, the event seeming more like the reunion of a large family than a formally prepared feast. Many pleasant speeches were made, and national hymns and home ballads sung, general regret being expressed that similar gatherings had not been held frequently. Details of all the above ceremonies appeared in a pamphlet, published late in 1893, entitled " Literary and other Exercises in the California State Building." Sample Turret on State Buildin*;. show- Date-bearing Palm at California Build- ing Tile Roofing of Old Missions. ing. (Page G9.) Souvenir Certificate of Membership, used Statuary by Alice Piideout. of California, by World's Fair Associations while col- on roof "line of Woman's Building. lecting exhibits. (Page 208.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 101 SAMPLE COMMENTS OF THE PRESS AND PROMINENT OFFICIALS, ON CALIFORNIA'S EXHIBIT AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION, 1893. I "It will be found impossible to see at all satisfactorily in one half-day the almost countless things brought together under the vast roof of the California State Building, from even one of that grand State's principal divisions; and to have even a hurried view of the innumerable things contained in all the great departments of this immense and interesting structure — interesting in itself, apart from what is inside of it — several whole days will be required. This is many times the largest State building in Jackson Park, save one. There is appropriateness in this, California being many times larger than any other State except Texas, and having a variety and perfection of products that no other State, nor, indeed, country in the world, can show. * * * So intelligent has been the selection and combining of objects, and so effectively are they displayed, that no visitor to the California Building can fail to be impressed abidingly with much that is before him, though unassisted in his examination." — Herald, Chicago, 111., August 7, 1893. " But the State which shines far and away above all others as a fruit- producer, is sunny California. Nothing in the whole exhibition even approaches the display made by the Californians. Their State building is literally fragrant with the scent of oranges, although a thousand and one other articles of product are displayed within the walls of the large and handsome edifice. No one can visit the building without finding a new significance in the phrase ' The Golden State.' * * * Grains, fruits, wines, timbers, and mineral ores are profusely exhibited within the State building, but fruits at every turn are the main product that catch the eye. In the Horticultural Building proper, side by side with a score of competing countries and states, the California fruit display surpasses that of every rival. Immense trophies of lemons, oranges, walnuts, and prunes produce massive effects, while the table and bottled displays are of immense extent. The beautiful colored oranges are in striking contrast to the dingy specimens from Florida." — Age, Melbourne, Australia, July 22, 1893. "The California State Building is said to be the most popular State building at Jackson Park, the usual attendance of visitors being 40,000."— World, Chicago, 111., July 12, 1893. " If I were giving out architectural medals. New York and California would get them, with an honorable mention to Idaho. * * * The whole large building (California) is fragrant with oranges, which are piled in every conceivable shape. * * * jJo, I do not really see how California could have done better than that which she set out to do. * * * You may take it in its whole rambling picturesque length, or you may take a bit of quaint, red-tiled tower with branches slanting 102 REPORT OP world's FAIR COMMISSION. across its white walls, or an arched doorway with palms nodding beside it, and from any point of view you have a picture." — Times, Chicago, 111., July 20, 1893. " It is California Day, and the name of itself is enough to make it worthy of special consideration. The State has made a remarkably creditable record in the White City. * * * Xhe State never does things by halves. It is great in many ways, its peculiarities of produc- tion being well adapted to expositional purposes. One of the features of the day will be the free distribution of fruit by California to all visitors." — Inter-Ocean, Chicago, 111., September 9, 1893. "Anything tending to convey the idea that California is not ' in it,' and cannot produce good fruit, will eventually do us harm. We cannot afford to rest on our laurels the claim we secured on our Florida seed- lings. This is an age of progression. I trust we are progressing some. I think I can see some change in the eighteen years I have been here. California has a progressive people. They have enterprise and vim. If any one doubts it let him visit the great World's Fair. View the two State buildings as far as you can see them. Note the contrast: Ours, typical of an old prison-pen of barbaric ages; theirs, typical of the great California missions. They have put into their exhibition money without stint. They have whole orange groves, and waving palms and other plants to greet the eyes of the lovers of tropical scenery. They do not fail to improve every opportunity to advertise their State. While, alasl Where, oh! where are we?" — Special correspondence in Florida Agriculturist. "While Utah was modestly carrying out her exercises, California (on Admission Day, Septeoiber 9th) was making herself felt from one end of the globe to the other. People of all nations, classes, and colors rushed for the California Building. Carload after carload of fruit was thrown out in the vast throng gathered in front of the building. It took a hundred Columbian guards to maintain order and keep a pass- ageway in the street. People by the thousands carried away bunches of grapes, and pears, peaches, oranges, and plums to the extent of eight carloads. The ladies were taken into the California Building and given anything called for, and more." — Tribune, Salt Lake, Utah, September 15, 1893. "California has exhibits in more buildings at the fair than any other State. In the Woman's Building the richness and beauty of the Cali- fornia Room awaken admiration, while the State building itself is a veritable fairy land." — Globe, Chicago, 111., September 17, 1893. "California has fairly outdone all the States, and her big building heaped with barrels of sparkling wine, tons of delicious fruit, grain, and vegetables, is a never-failing source of delight to exposition sight-seers." Herald, Chicago, HI., September 17, 1893. " Beyond all question California has the greatest exhibit in the For- estry Building, and assuredly attracts the most attention and receives the greatest amount of admiration. There is no time during the day when the space is not crowded with visitors, all of whom express in ohs and ahs their wonder and amazement or stand spellbound at the beauties so lavishly displayed." — Tribune, Orange, Texas, October 20, 1893. # ' REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 103 "The California Building is an exposition in itself. Architecturally the structure is unique." — Leader, Gallion, Ohio, July 16, 1893. '' The California Building teems with fruit and grains of all kinds. * * * It seems as if everything that grows in sub-tropical and temperate zones were produced in California." — Times, Dell Rapid, Dakota, July 18, 1893. "The feature of California Day was undoubtedly the fruit distribution. No other State would attempt anything so ambitious, or do it half so well. Though the yellow badges and golden bears of the sons of Cali- fornia were everywhere visible both in and outside the building." — Tri- bune, Chicago, 111., September 10, 1893. , "The crowd in front of the building on September 9, 1893, was so dense that three women fainted in the first half-hour. People, after an hour or so, became so tightly wedged together it was found impossible to pass out the fruit in original packages, and it was finally tossed out in regular baseball fashion into the uplifted hands of thousands. It was estimated that fully 50,000 people either got some fruit or watched others get it." — Tribune, Greeley, Colo., September 21, 1893. " It is very flattering to all Californians to hear the praises bestowed upon their display in every department, from the California Building to its horticultural, viticultural, and floricultural displays in the Horti- cultural Building, its native woods in the Forestry Building, its beauti- ful displays of onyx, marbles, and minerals in the Mining Building, one piece of onyx about two feet square having been sold for li!o,000." — Express, Los Angeles, July 12, 1893. " California has a lavish display in its building of all the different products of nature that have made the State famous, such as gold, fruits, etc. The building in itself is a most interesting historical exhibit." — Journal, Chicago, 111., October 15, 1893. "Mr. Opie Reed is a prominent figure in literary Chicago. I asked him the usual question, 'What do you think of our exhibit?' He quickly answered: * California's exhibit will be worth $20,000,000 to her. It surpasses the combined displays of any other ten States. She is beyond rivalry. Washington is the only State that approaches her. She seems to unite in herself Europe, Asia, and Africa. Even the building is a marvel. * * * Judged by her display, California is the foremost State in the Union.' " — Charles Edwin Markham, in the Californian, November, 1893. "The ladies of California have done a very graceful thing with the room assigned them in the Woman's Building. They have laid a hard- wood floor of natural California woods, and have inlaid the sides and ceil- ing with the same. These are of all colors and are very highly polished. But the prettiest thing in the California room is the display of cacti. In the center there stands a gigantic plant, and at the corners and in the windows there are more cactus plants. The walls are painted with cacti leaves and flowers, and when you enter the room the first idea you get is that you are in Southern California in a great cactus grove, wdth the long leaves hanging over your head, and the warm, sweet cactus smell blowing around you It is lovely, and you would like to linger there, 104 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. even though you are not from California, and do not expect to meet any California friends." — Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis., June 13, 1893. "The architecture of the California Building, opened yesterday, is most creditable to the State, the World's Fair, and every one concerned." — Mail, Chicago, 111., June 20, 1893. "California's State building is no doubt the most artistically instruct- ive of any in the World's Fair State group, and was more beautiful than ever this afternoon, in honor of ' California Day ' exercises within its imposing walls." — Argus, Albany, N. Y., June 20, 1893. " Do I think California will be recompensed for the money it has spent at Chicago? I think it will come back ten times over. The figure California makes at the World's Fair is a grand thing for the State. Every one talks about California and what it has done there. At a banquet with which I was complimented at the Auditorium, Major Moses P. Handy, Chief of the Bureau of Publicity and Promotion, made a speech in which he put the thing logically and truthfully. He said that California had d&ne more for the success of the fair than any other State, because it was the first to come forward with a handsome appropriation, and he had been able to use it as an example with the representatives of other States and of foreign governments." — Interview with Governor H. H. Markham, Express, Los Angeles, July 8, 1893. "The building (California) contains one of the finest and largest exhibits of cereals, trees, flowers, fruits, wines, ores, and other produce of their State — excelling that of every other State in the Union." — Inde- pendent, Grand Island, Nebraska, July 10, 1893. " I sat for hours the other evening on the south porch of the Indiana Building. * * * To the right the immense California Building looked in every detail what it was meant to represent — an old Spanish mission — and in that quiet time, when the odor of its many flowers floated faintly in the still air, it was easy to imagine one's self in the old Spanish garden and among the riotous semi-tropical growths which embowered the old California missions." — Special correspondence. Tele- graph, Macon, Georgia, July 9, 1893. " If I were asked what one word best expresses California, I should answer, ' plenty.' ' The moment I enter her building I feel like eating and drinking,' exclaims a friend. Hospitality permeates the atmos- phere. Everybody is glad to see you, seats are frequent, reception-rooms abound, pictures hang everywhere, and the most creditable art galleries lure you up one flight of stairs. * * * Because California has done everything in a way commensurate with its size, I am not surprised at ' the showing made at the World's Fair. Standing near the main entrance, California's State building commands more attention than any other, and deservedly. Architecturally it is beautiful; moreover, it is the most characteristic structure in Jackson Park. In appropriating $300,000 for a World's Fair exhibit, California's Legislature showed great worldly wisdom. Had that amount been doubled the wisdom would have been so much greater, for, as an investment, California never spent so' little for so much." — Kate Field's Washington, Washington, D. C. " California has, of course, the finest display of fruit, both fresh and preserved." — Boomerang, Laramie, Wyoming, July 24, 1893. Marshall Statue— California BriLDiNc;. "Prune Horse "—California BlILDING. Statue of "California "—California Building. "Walnut Tower— Horticultural Building. (Page 75.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 105 " With her usual progressiveness California has taken foremost rank among the States exhibiting at the World's Fair. * * * The style of architecture is that which was introduced by the mission fathers. It is a style peculiar to the State, and has made the building stand out conspicuously among the other State buildings. It also has another distinction, in being not merely a headquarters for Californians, but a building in which the natural resources of the State have been shown. Standing at the head of all fruit-producing States, her exhibit of citrus and deciduous fruits has been one of the greatest attractions during the continuance of the fair. With commendable enterprise and an eye to the future of the State, the commission having charge of her exhibit has left nothing undone whereby California could be brought prom- inently before the world as the best country for the home-seeker. Not content with the magnificent showing made in her own building, she has occupied space in many of the department buildings. In the Agri- cultural, Horticultural, Forestry, and Mining departments, the State has taken rank with all others in her several displays. This has been especially so in the Horticultural department." — World's Columbian Exposition Illustrated, Chicago, November, 1893. "The display of fruits, both fresh and preserved, is no less interesting than the floral display. California of course takes precedence, San Luis Obispo and San Bernardino counties making the best show." — Wisconsin, Milwaukee, AVis., September 9, 1893. "California has a very fine building, and what is more, they have something inside of it, too! The Californians know a good thing when they see it and are not slow to 'catch on.'" — Argus-Union, Jacksonville, Florida, June 9, 1893. "The great California Building, next to that of Illinois the largest State building in the World's Fair grounds, was formally opened Mon- day. It is one of the most beautiful and picturesque on the grounds, being of Spanish stvle of architecture, fashioned after the old missions of Southern California."— J5Zade, Toledo, Ohio, June 20, 1893. " I sauntered up the broad avenue to the California Building, which is always fresh and green and cool, like the interior of an old Spanish mission, of which it is a copy." — Eagle, Marinette, Wis., September 7, 1893. "On California Day, at the World's Fair, the California people gave away about six carloads of fruit. A large platform was erected in front of the State building, upon which peaches, grapes, plums, pears, and oranges were piled in profusion, and were given without stint to the crowds. ' California has from the first,' says Professor Bailey, ' shown a liberality in her displays at the fair, which should put many of the older States to shame.' Advertising is one secret of the success of California huit."— Belt, Breton,* N. Y., October 20, 1893. " People appear to be in a state of excitement as they stand around and descant on the things displayed in the California Building. Every one seems to want to have a connecting link with California — either they have a relative there or a friend, or have made a visit, or announce that they never will die happy till they have made the trip. It is almost touching to hear the longings and the affection that nearly every 106 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. one here seems to have for the State, and the admiration they have for the building." — Special correspondence in Times, Oakland, California, June 15, 1893. " California has a grand exhibit in all departments. There we found sugar beets weighing thirty pounds; cornstalks fifteen feet eleven inches high; squashes five feet eleven inches by four feet seven inches; horse and rider, beautiful to see, made of prunes and dried apples; onions, six inches across. We will not take space to tell of her fruits, but her grapes and oranges were simply immense." — Herald, Traverse, Mich., October 19, 1893. " No State more nobly seconded Chicago and Illinois in contributing to make the Exposition a great success than California, and ' The Graphic ' is glad of the opportunity afibrded in its issue of this week to call attention, in a special manner, to the exceedingly generous and interesting display made by the great Coast State. The various exhibits made and their interest and importance are described elsewhere. But so marked in character are these, and they add such an interest to the fair, that every one of the nearly 20,000,000 of people who have visited the Exposition will carry away a vivid impression of the greatness and resources of the State by which they were contributed. Especially is this true as regards California's horticultural products. California has long been called the Golden State, but the descriptive title has come in recent years to have an added meaning. The golden fruit of this American Hesperides has been coming to Chicago and the East in such fabulous quantities, and in return such a tide of gold has been started toward California, that the old preeminence of the State in minerals seems in danger of being shadowed by the growing importance of her vast and varied horticultural products." — The Graphic, Chicago, 111., October 21, 1893. " Of the State buildings, the greater number, were you pressed for time, might be omitted ^Yithout much loss. There are a few of the AVestern States, however, which make an exhibit of their resources, and these are really interesting. California's fine old mission building is full of a goodly display of Ceres' children. As you all doubtless know, California fruit and vegetables grow to immense size. We saw an anchor of regu- lar size formed of three gourds; an immense beet-root, labeled 'I am a beet'; and a photograph of a pumpkin-field, in the foreground of which lay three immense pumpkins, one bearing a drawing of a house with a sign, ' Rooms to let,' and another marked off in lots with a placard stuck up on a stick, ' Ground to let in Pumpkinville.' The fruit looks delicious, and makes you break the 'thou shalt not covet' commandment at every step. In the gallery will be found the 'poppy-room.' The poppy is the State flower, and the decorations, tiling, and furnishings of this room are entirely in poppy red. If you get mela'iicholy while at the fair, take a saunter into the poppy-room, as I have recently learned that in the insane asylums which are run scientifically, patients afflicted with mel- ancholia are imprisoned for an hour in a brilliant red room, which cheers them up wonderfully." — Athlete, Philadelphia, Pa., June 14, 1893. " Saturday I completed the State buildings. California, in my impres- sion, takes the place of honor in the exhibits in its building, principally fruits." — Republican, Ravenna, 0., June 21. San Francisco Produce Exchange Exhibit— California Building. (Page 33.) Lemon Exhibit from Riverside County— IIoRTicri/ruRAL Building. (Page 75.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 107 "Nine out of every ten persons asked would probably say that all the olive oil used in America was imported. Step into the California Building and see the pyramid built with quart and pint bottles filled with this liquid, as a part of the exhibit of Santa Barbara County, and get informed." — News, Slatington, Pa., June 24, 1893. " The California exhibit is simply immense. In the California Build- ing, which is a very large one, there is a most wonderful display, and then in the great buildings devoted to mining, horticulture, agriculture, etc., your State makes a truly remarkable showing. If Californians are in love with their State they ought to come here and see the proud posi- tion she occupies, and hear the expressions of wonder and amazement from visitors who throng the State building and from those who linger around her displays in the department buildings." — Special correspond- ence, Independent, Yuba City, Cal., June 30, 1893. "It does not require one to look long or far to see that something besides gold will grow and can be raised there in California. In keeping with the very early days, California has builded her home in the archi- tecture of that period, and the building is an exhibit in itself." — Jaurnal- Neios, Hayward, Wis., June 28, 1893. "There are 117 American competitors in the Section of Viticulture from the whole of the United States. Of these no fewer than 85 are from California, and many of the Californian exhibitors make elaborate displays, equaling those of the European courts for their massive effect- iveness. — ^ge, Melbourne, Australia, July 22, 1893. "California is represented in nearly every department of the Exposi- tion, its State appropriation being $300,000, afterwards greatly increased by the generosity of its citizens. * * * Its exhibits are among the greatest and grandest on the grounds, its mineral products alone excell- ing them silV— World, Denver, Colo., July 22, 1893. " California has done and is doing much to turn the tide of popula- tion from the cities to the country, through the pleasing inducements of an occupation in which not only fruit but health may be picked from the laden boughs of her orange groves, or from the vineyards that pur- ple her hills. And California welcomes all comers. This is, in fact, one reason for her great and attractive display at the fair." — The Graphic, Chicago, 111., October 21, 1893. " California and Washington really have the two most complete ex- hibits of the fair. California's is dazzling. Everybody has heard of California and expected much from her. They got all they expected, possibly more." — Times, Seattle, Washington, August 11, 1893. "The largest and most attractive fruit display is that made by Cali- fornia in citrus fruits." — Advertiser, London, Eng., August 26, 1893. "California oranges occupy more space than any other exhibit, the counties of the famous fruit State vying with each other in their effort at displa3^ Fruit preserved in glass jars also makes an exceptionally fine exhibit. The stately grandeur of the numerous palms, and the beauty of the flowers, afford a satiety of enjoyment to the visitor." — Messenger, Cleveland, Ohio, September 5, 1893. " California entwined the purple and gold of her sun-kissed fruit with the nation's colors, and scattered in the lap of the world the treasures 108 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. of her vineyards. She gave all who came a foretaste of that hospitality she will extend to the visitors at her own exposition next winter. Thou- sands came to her building and not one came away empty handed. * * The idea was that there should be sufficient to furnish 300,000 visitors with samples of real California fruit. If any one was over- looked in the distribution, the California officials don't know it and are not responsible. One had only to go to the building to get a great clus- ter of white grapes, big golden pears, or peaches, such as are seen only in California. * * * There was an air of prosperity and abun- dance about it all that is seen in no other State building. Great palms waved their green plumes against the roof beams, and the sweet perfume of flowers and fruits made the air heavy with fragrance. Wines and cake were served during the afternoon, and always, before and after everything else, fruit. Californians who saw the building for the first time were immensely pleased with it." — Times, Chicago, 111., September 10, 1893. " They are always doing something at the California Building to keep up the interest." — Herald, Chicago, 111., September 25, 1893. " Some of these great monarchs of the forest (in the California exhibit) are of startling dimensions. * * * What should we think in Eng- land of trees with bark 48 inches thick, or one with a burl 20 by 10 feet, 200 feet from the ground? See the mammoth redwood plank in the forest section which measures 16 feet 5 inches wide and 12 feet 9 inches long by 5 inches thick, cut from a tree 300 feet high, 28 feet from the butt. This great tree from which the plank was hewn was 35 feet in diameter, and supposed to have reached a patriarchal age of fifteen hundred years. * * * You also see a perfectly clean board 16 by 6 feet without a single flaw, a grand specimen of what can be cut from trees which may be numbered by hundred of thousands, if not by hundreds of millions." — From a book, "Across the Atlantic," by Robt. Anderson Naylor, of England. "Upon the lawn on two sides of the building (California) are seen native trees and shrubs, rose trees, the sago palm, orange, lemon, olive, banana, and one date palm 35 feet in height that ought not to leave the Exposition without a medal, for it has done its best to prove that Chicago's skies are not as unpropitious for the development of southern fruit as we had supposed, for there this majestic, silent visitor had blos- somed and put forth fruit, turning its great bunches of dates toward the southern sky, as if to evince its longing for the far-away land. * * * Within the historic walls of the California Building have been gathered in lavish profusion the luscious fruits of the soil, the enormous vegetable productions, a bewildering display of cereals, timbers of gigantic pro- portions, and ores; while in the gallery is a collection of valuable paintings, needlework, and a very complete historical collection." — The National Popular Review, Chicago, November, 1893. "This is the only State building (California) to provide an art gal- lery of its own, selecting the pictures with the same care that was bestowed on the Fine Arts Gallery. * * * The collection is said to equal the exhibitions in Boston and New York, and this recognition is something of a compensation, for after bringing pictures two thousand miles, it is certainly comforting to know that they stand the test. Forty REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 109 out of the one hundred paintings are by artists who were born in the State.''— The Arts, Chicago, August, 1893. " People outside of that proud State never saw so many Californians in a single crowd as they saw in and around the long, white California Building yesterday afternoon. They swarmed like bees in and out of an overcrowded hive in the harvest time. And there was plenty of honey, in the form of choice fruits, for all these human bees to suck. California proved her claim that she is the land of sunshine and flowers, and, it might be added, hospitality. Those who have visited the slope know the Californians to be hospitable at home; all the world now knows they are alike hospitable abroad." — Inter-Ocean, Chicago, 111., Septeinber 10, 1893. " The Illinois Building has from the start attracted more visitors than any other State building, because it is really one of the main structures of the fair, with California's building second; but since her great dis- plaj^ on the 9th, California has been the chief attraction. The building is not easily described. The central plan is that of a regular old mission of adobe, but to relieve the somberness of such a structure, Moorish features have been added, and a low central dome, with roof garden and outer platform for restaurant' purposes. The whole affair is said by experts to violate all the rules of architecture which can be violated in one building, and yet, the general effect is pleasing. It seems like a bit of Granada in Moorish times, of Mexico and Mission California all in one." — Neivs, Milwaukee, September 14, 1893. "California's wood display, through the praiseworthy efforts of Mr, Hatch, a pioneer of our State, has attained a just position as a leader of all the others. Under his ever-ready hand, a magnificent collection,, show- ing the value and beauty of the various kinds of woods, has been placed where it can and does attract the rapt attention of the visitor. Crowds pass daily through the space allotted to his efforts, and from one and all issue exclamations of wonder and admiration, for the simple var- nishing process has brought out, in telling effect, the odd lines of the redwood, madrone, bright laurel, myrtle, sycamore, elm, and many other equally iDeautiful creations. The natives as well as the foreigners gaze with undisguised emotions at the great burls of the sequoia, 6 feet and 8 feet across, whose surfaces have acquired a finish like unto that of richly colored marble; so hard that they repel the ax and so heavy that they would sink like stone, yet their beauty is unassailable by that of any other woods. * * * Taking our exhibit as a whole, California may be well pleased, for such specimens as it includes were never dis- played to the public before in any such perfected degree." — Pacific Coast Wood and Iron, San Francisco, September, 1893. " Much time can be pleasantly arid profitably spent in the California State building, which rivals all in its exhibition of fruits." — Special correspondence in Tribune, Warren, Ohio, September 21, 1893. "Across the way is another exposition that is of itself worth going many miles to see. It is the California Building. In an imitation of an old mission house, enlivened and embellished here and there, the Cali- fornians have installed more than two acres of products of their wonder- ful country — their fruits, nuts, forestry, cereals, minerals. One could 110 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. spend a day here with great profii, for it is one of the most attractive exhibits on the grounds." — Times, Dubuque, la., June 2, 1893. " California is represented in every one of the great department build- ings, and her wine display in the Horticultural Building is of special attraction, as are also many of her tropical fruit exhibits." — Neios, Chi- cago, 111., June 19, 1893. " California's building is a delight to the eye, fashioned after the grace- ful lines of the Moorish-Spanish architecture, and, like the State, is huge in its proportions." — Herald, Glenwood, Colo., May 24, 1893. . " The building (California) is one of the largest State buildings on the grounds, and is filled to overflowing with interesting exhibits. One place in this building is worthy of much note, and that is the art gallery. Some of the very best paintings to be found on the grounds are there." — Herald, Clinton, la., June 10, 1893. "The general impression of the visitor, upon entering California's great building at the fair, is one of tropical luxuriance and vastness. The great golden globe of oranges; the statue of California, bearing upon her brow the star of empire; the statue of heroic size of James W. Marshall, the discoverer of gold in California; the towering form of the horse and rider made of prunes; the pampas plumes and palm leaves everywhere; and above all the towering palm tree under the center of the dome, with fountains playing about its base, combine to give an impression wholly different from that given by any other State building, and only to be compared in novelty and variety to the exhibits of far eastern countries in the great Exposition. It is the exhibit, in short, of a State which is even now preparing of itself to conduct the great enterprise of a World's Midwinter Fair — a State of boundless resources, energy, and enterprise." — The Graphic, Chicago, October 21, 1893. "In its massiveness of timber, and its beautifully grained lumber polished to a handsome degree, California stands first among all the States, and its exhibit of timber resources is attractive and marvelous. Some of the slabs of redwood are pictured over like the landscapes discernible on moss agate, and all the woods — conifers predominating — are susceptible of the highest degree of polish. Not connected with the California exhibit, but from California, is a private exhibit of the ' biggest plank ' ever sawed. The one plank would form the flooring for a sixteen-foot room, and no Persian rug was ever figured to look so beautiful as its polished surface, the grain curling in beautiful and intri- cate shapes." — Inter-Ocean, Chicago, July 26, 1893. " California was the first State in the Union to make an appropriation for the great World's Fair, and her generosity was exceeded by only one State — that of Illinois; and her promptness and enterprise were used as a potent argument by every promoter of that fair to induce other States and foreign countries to come forward and help the work along. Yes, Mr. President, California's action in that respect was of incalculable benefit to the promoters of that great undertaking, and for it her people have justly received the applause of the whole country. California was the only State that had for herself a distinctive ex- hibit which constituted one of the chief attractions of the renowned White City, and this, too, while competing with the world in the general ^^ «,.«iS2^ — AVall Decoration, Butte Couxty Exhibit — Figures of Ceres and attendants, formed of Grains and Heeds — California Building. (Page 29.) Xortliern Section of Bi'ttk Cotnty Ivvhihit — Calikornia BriLDiXf;. (Page 28.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Ill display in other buildings. Forty thousand people a day visited Cali- fornia Building, and marveled at the enterprise of our people. It was a grand success, and accomplished all that its fondest advocates could possibl}'' have anticipated." — Speech of Governor H. H. Markham, Jan- uary 27, 1894, at opening exercises of Midwinter Fair, San Francisco. " One of the most interesting features of the California exhibit in the State building is the historical department, which occupies the entire south end of the upper floor. The display is divided into four groups, representing the four eras covering the history of that State. They are the Indian era, the mission era, the immigration era, and the present era. The articles exhibited are very numerous, interesting, and educa- tional."— rriftuwe, Chicago, 111., July 27, 1893. " The mineral exhibit is, of course, superb. Every one who thinks of California inevitably thinks of it as a land of gold, and for this reason there is a fitness as well as artistic propriety in placing the bronze statue of James W. Marshall, the discoverer of gold in California, in a prom- inent place in the mineral exhibit. The man who first saw the glitter of virgin gold in California, January 19, 1848, is represented as holding an immense nugget of the precious metal in his hands, while around the pedestal are placed a fine display of gold nuggets and gold quartz such as many a forty-niner gathered in bushels in his dreams in the new land of gold nearly a half century ago." — Graphic, Chicago, 111., October 21, 1893. " I congratulate the people of California on combining the esthetic, the social, and the commercial in their State building. * * * Men and women of California, 3'our State is a pride to the Union, and your people are a pride to their State." — From speech of T. W. Palmer, Pres- ident World's Columbian Commission, Chicago, June 19, 1893. " I feel it my duty to express my appreciation of what California has done for the Department of Horticulture. The State has occupied every foot of space assigned to her in the several divisions of the department with a magnificent display, besides appropriating the entire area relin- quished by other more tardy or less enterprising commonwealths. It is but just to the enterprise of your citizens to state the fact that Califor- nians are at the present time preeminently in the lead of all exhibitors in the Department of Horticulture. * * * i wish I could induce the press and the public more thoroughly to understand the sacrifices you are making to keep up a continual fruit display, something that has never been attempted at any fair before. Your exhibits in pomology, floricult- ure, horticulture, and arboriculture are but a meager representation of what you intend to have in the future, but they are now the wonder and admiration of all nations." — From speech of J. M. Samuels, Chief of the Department of Horticulture, at dedication of California Building, June 19, 1893. "I want to thank the State (California) Board, on behalf of the National Commission, for the splendid work it has done in combining these displays of our wonderful products. I wish, also, to thank the Lady Managers. They, too, have done much toward making our exhibit attractive, and their just credit should not be denied them." — From speech of M. H. de Young of California, Second Vice-President World's Columbian Commission, at Chicago, June 19, 1893. 112 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. " Relative to the part taken by the State of California in the work of preparing for and holding the World's Columbian Exposition, 1 feel it difficult to express in suitable terms the admiration and gratitude which the hearty cooperation of that State has called for in the management of the Exposition. Not only was the appropriation of California an exceedingly liberal one, viz., three hundred thousand ($300,000) dollars, but the promptness with which the appropriatioij was made had a great influence in determining the action of other State Legislatures. Cali- fornia was the first State to respond to the call for State appropriations, and set a standard which in large measure determined the action of the principal States of the Union. Relative to the exhibit contained in the California Building, I can say that in the dealings between the repre- sentatives of your State and the administration of the Exposition there has been an impression of broad-minded liberality and magnificent loyalty to the interests and welfare of the State of California in all transactions of the California Commission. The exhibits were wonder- fully varied and admirably installed, and presented a better idea of the climate, geography, products, resources, and social status of the State of California and its people than could have been obtained by traveling over the State itself for many weeks. I feel justified in saying that at every stage in the enterprise the management has found itself under renewed obligations to the State of California and its representatives at the Exposition." — Letter from H. N. Higinbotham, President World's Columbian Exposition, dated March. 5, 1894. " Gratified by the extent, importance, and very great attractiveness of the display made by California in every one of the departments of the Exposition, the members of this committee extend to the State authorities, to the California World's Fair Commission, and to the many exhibitors so well represented, our warmest congratulations." — Letter from John Boyd Thacher, Chairman Executive Committee on Awards, dated March 10, 1894. "To say that California was one of the States represented at Jackson Park would be misleading, for the Exposition was spoken of as the World's Fair and the California Exhibit. No other State could be compared with California; indeed, it would seem now, to have dropped out California would have taken away much of the interest of the whole exhibit." — Letter from Thomas H. Brown, Executive Commissioner, South Dakota's World's Fair Commission, dated March 5, 1894. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 113 COMMENTS OF VISITORS ON THE EXHIBITS IN THE CALIFORNIA BUILDING. (Copied from written statements found in the State Registers.) "This is the greatest show on earth." — Edward J. Welch (physician), Lowell, Mass. " Why can^t I go and live there permanently? Magnificent show." — C. W. Friedrich, Madison, Wis. " Very creditable exhibit." — E. B. Jones (farmer), Pt. Pleasant, W. V. " The banner display in fruits, vegetables, and grains." — James C. Stephenson, Covington, Ky. "Exhibit excellent." — Mrs. Hannah Cusick (teacher), South Omaha, Neb. ''AH honor to California."— F. E. Cloud (physician), Buffalo, N. Y. "Magnificent exhibit." — J. A. Callahan (County Superintendent of Schools), Fargo, N. D. " Ne plus ultra." — J. G. Kingsburg (agricultural editor), Indianapolis, Ind. "Very fine." — J. C. Swahn (architect), Chicago, 111. " California against the world." — A. G. Farr, Oakland, 0. "First-class exhibit." — Robert A. Haswell (farmer and fruit raiser), Hoosick Falls, N. Y. "Oranges and peaches are great." — Wm. M. Huey (merchant), Phila- delphia, Pa. "Well done" — L. J. McCreery (farmer), Huntsville, Ind. "California, we are proud of you." — A. W. Warden (physician), Wee- hawken, N. J. "Best exhibit." — C. E. Lambert (County Recorder), Rockville, Ind. "Surpasses anything the world has ever seen." — D. P. Delaney (farmer). Baring, Mo. " Very good." — W. H. Deacon, New South Wales, Australia. " Best show on grounds." — K. R. Andrews, Kearney, Neb. ''Very fine." — H. Harrison, London, England. "Hurrah for California." — Frank E. Little (attorney), North Vernon, Ind. " California outdoes all the States." — John S. McVicar, Alpena, Mich. "Excellent." — Max Schlesinger, New York City. "A fine exhibit you have." — Frank H. King (merchant), Plymouth, 111. "I register only as an admirer." — Rich'd F. Haley (clerk), Louis- ville, Ky. "Exhibit fine." — J. V. .lenkins (commission merchant), Pittsburg, Pa. "I admire your fruits." — G. W. Cordes (teacher), Ludlow, 111. " The exhibit is the Eiffel tower and Ferris wheel among all others." — J. P. Moore, Wichita, Kan. "Superb." — Kate J.Webb (teacher), Detroit, Mich. 8w 114 REPORT OP world's FAIR COMMISSION. "California exhibit is grand; so say we all." — R. B. Cunningham (physician), Elwood City, Pa. "Amazingly fine exhibit." — James Southgate (insurance), Dur- ham, N. C. "Hurrah for California!" — D. R. Maddux (physician), Chester, Pa. " The finest." — Leo Jacobs, Toledo, Ohio. "Staying away from sunny California is hard work." — F. D. Olmsted, Denver, Colo. "All glory to California." — H. A. Jackson (agriculture), Ada, Ohio. " For seventeen years a resident of California. Wish I was now." — Edward A. Weed (reporter Chicago Tribune), Chicago, 111. "The exhibit of all exhibits. Ne plus ultra." — Luke Orr (reporter), Edinburgh, Scotland. "Splendid display." — W. F. Spurlin (jeweler), Camden, Ala. " Best State exhibit." — Bruce Johnson, Chicago, 111. "Away up." — E. E. Hewson (lawyer), Oxford, Nova Scotia. "Prettiest State building in fair." — Edward Netre (grain merchant), Baltimore, Md. "After seeing California's exhibit I feel still prouder of my country." — Stephen Jenkins (teacher), New York City. "A lovely exhibit — a credit to California." — H. Wilson, Markham, Ontario. "Excellent." — James Riley, Sydney, New South Wales. "California exhibit — grand, beyond description." — Sarah G. Jones (teacher), Cincinnati, Ohio. " From an Englishman's point of view the exhibit in this State building is a credit to California." — A. Dinney, New Surrey, England. "Art exhibit fine."— A. M. Kobe, Muskegon, Mich. " Exhibit speaks well of your State." — F. L. Haydel, St. Louis, Mo. "Admirable exhibit." — J. J. McLaughlin, Hillsdale, Ind. "On top of the heap." — F. J. Duscher (grocer), Montclair, N. J. % - 3 O W 00 5" 2 o 3 r 3 t V REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 115 AWARDS GRANTED TO CALIFORNIA EXHIBITORS. Below will be found a list of all awards granted to California exhibitors bv the Bureau of Awards of the World's Columbian Exposition. The list is as nearly complete and correct as it is possible to make it at the date of rendering this report, and with possibly a very few exceptions, is final, having been furnished over the official signatures of the depart- ment chiefs, and by John Boyd Thacher, Chairman of the Executive Committee on Awards. It will be noted that California received awards to the number of 376, and in all but one of the great departments into which exhibits were officially classified by the Exposition authorities, the exception being the Department of Fine Arts. No awards were granted to exhibitors in the Woman's Building, as such, the articles there displaj'ed being passed upon as though installed in other department buildings; for example, manufactured articles were classed as belonging in the Manufactures Building, etc. The 376 awards were distributed among the departments as follows: No. of Awards. In Agriculture - 44 In Horticulture .- 86 In Viticulture. 77 In Floriculture 19 In Live Stock 16 In Fish and Fisheries 5 In Mines and Mining 23 Iia Machinery 3 In Transportation..- ,. 7 In Manufactures 16 In Electricity 1 In Liberal Arts (miscellaneous) _ 9 In Liberal Arts (educational) 66 In Ethnology 2 In Forestry 2 Total awards 376 The rules adopted by the National Commission excluded from exami- nation by jurors exhibits in State buildings, and this rule was generally adhered to. The awards therefore represent displays only in department or national buildings. From information so far received, it is thought that no other State in the Union will make a more varied showing in the final reports of the National Commission to Congress than Cali- fornia. All exhibits maintained by the California World's Fair Commission were collective; for example, in the Mines and Mining Building there Avas a collection of all known California minerals; in the Agricultural Build- ing, a collection of cereals and vegetables. In making their examination, the judges considered each display in its entirety; that is, as representing the State of California as a whole; whereas, if an examination had been made of all trhe separate articles composing the collection, many more 116 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. awards would undoubtedly have been secured. It was the ''collective" exhibit of minerals, cereals, fruit, wood, etc., that impressed the visitor with the greatness of the State, and inclined him to ask questions with a view of making it his future home. Seventeen awards were granted California as a State, for collective or massed exhibits. The greater number of awards was therefore received by individuals or counties who contributed to these general displays or maintained independent exhibits. It was indirectly established by the Act of Congress of 1890 that the system of awards at Chicago should be ''educational" rather than "competitive." By this Act provision was made for a sufficient num- ber of bronze medals, all of equal size and value, for successful exhib- itors, thus precluding graded awards, such as gold and silver medals. This is regarded as the American system, in contradistinction to the competitive system favored by European nations. Each successful exhibitor will therefore receive a bronze medal and a diploma. The diploma states the distinctive points of merit that entitled the exhibit to an award, but no comparison with other exhibits was allowed in the report of the judges. Reports of jurors on exhibits that secured awards are just beginning to be received. As a sample of these reports, there is given herewith an official copy of the award to California for the collective agricultural display installed in the Agricultural Building by this Commission. The wording is the same that will be inscribed in the diploma that accompanies the medal. "award to state of CALIFORNIA FOR COLLECTIVE EXHIBIT OF CEREALS, GRASSES, AND VEGETABLES. "Artistic and convenient arrangement and superior quality of individual exhibits showing most desirable conditions of soil. A remarkably fine collection of agricultural products, embracing cereals, grasses, and vegetables. The exhibit is beautifully arranged, and will at once attract and interest every lover of nature and art. The variety of cereals and grasses shows the almost unlimited resources of the State for the growth of these products. The esculent grains excel in weight, purity, and apparent food value, and in many instances show remarkable yields. The grasses are all of luxuriant growth and are well prepared. The vegetables are of a very superior quality, and unite with the grains and grasses in attesting the richness of the soil and excellence of the climatic conditions that produced them. The exhibit of beans is worthj"^ of special mention on account of the variety, as well as the superior condition of the samples it contained. "(Signed:) N. B. CRITCHFIELD, "Individual Judge, and President Departmental Committee. "Approved : John Boyd Thachbr, " Chairman Executive Committee on Awards." After the close of the Exposition, Congress authorized the National Board of Lady Managers to issue diplomas of honorable mention to persons who assisted in the production and perfection of such exhibits as had received awards, and who were duly certified to be entitled thereto. So far, little advantage has been taken of this special provision. All exhibitors named in the following list will receive medals and diplomas, except the few in the Department of Agriculture having '' C " affixed to their names, who will receive Certificates of Award. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 117 DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. Exhibitor. Address. Award on — Alameda Co. W. F. Ass'n . Oakland Cocoons. Barton, S. W.— "C" Whittier Corn on ear. Bell, J. C— "C" Butte Connt}^. . . Wheat. Branch, .John — "C".. Artesia Alfalfa hay, baled. Branch,. John — "C" Artesia Beans. Butler, L. M. — "C" Los Angeles Potatoes. [and vegetables. California, State of Sacramento.. .. Collective exhibit of cereals California, State of Sacramento Collective exhibit of olive oil. Carmack, J.— "C" Chico Wheat. Caruthers, W.A.— "C".. Caruthers Wheat. Clauson, J. F.— "C" Neenach Wheat. Closs, F Quisisana Olive oil. Cooper, Ellwood Santa Barbara.. Olive oil. Coovert, John — "C" Lancaster _ Wheat. Edmondson, R. B. Ventura Beans. El Quito Olive Farm Santa Clara Olive oil. Forbes, J. P. & Co San Francisco Castalian mineral water. ' Gibbs, J Tehama Beans. Gird, R Chino Sugar beets. Herrick, Mrs. R. F Swauger Collection of grasses. Hooper, G. F Sonoma Olive oil. Howland, J. L Pomona Olive oil. Keim, H. W.— "C" Tustin Beans. Kelsey, T. A.— "C" West Saticoy. . . . Beans. Kimball, F. A National City... Olive oil. Levy, A. — "C" Hueneme Beans. Lobi, Felipe — "C" Capistrano Beans. Lombardo, F. — "C" Montalvo Beans. Lompoc Valley Mustard Growers — "C" Lompoc Mustard seed. Los Angeles Farming & Milling Company I.(0s Angeles Cracked wheat. McGarvey, R Ukiah Hops. [(crop 1893). Mclntyre, J. F. Fillmore . Extracted white sage honey Pirch, A Los Angeles Plows. Ready, W. B.— "C" Ventura Beans. Rule, Hugh — ''C" Los Angeles Beans. Roberson, Mrs. Emily .. Auburn Olive oil. Selby, Ralph Santa Ynez Olive oil. Smith, Julius P. Livermore Olive oil. Stewart, M. — "C" S.Los Angeles Squashes. Strong, Harriet W. R. . . Whittier Building of pampas grass, and pampas grass. Strong, Harriet W. R. . . Whittier . . System for storing water for Thorp, S. R. — "C" Los Angeles Beans. [irrigation. Wetmore, Charles A Livermore Olive oil. Wolff & Lehmann — "C". Hueneme. Beans. 118 BEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE. Exhibitor. Address. Award on— Allingham, Mr. _ _ El Cajon Collection of raisins. Allen, B. F. Chico Dried fruits. Allen, L. E. San Diego Fruits preserved in syrup. Baker, W. R . _ . . Pasadena Dried or condensed vege- Barrett, S. H Highlands. Dried fruits. [tables. Barrows, C. P. Fruit Co.. San Bernardino. Dried fruits. Bishop, A. D Orange Collection of citrus fruits. Bishop & Co. Los Angeles Glared fruits and fruit pulps. California, State of Sacramento Collection of grapes. California, State of Sacramento Dried fruits and raisins. California, State of Sacramento Collection of apples, pears, and stone fruits. California, State of Sacramento Collection of citrus fruits. California, State of Sacramento Fruits in solution. [lades. California, State of Sacramento Jams, jellies, and marma- Chapman, A. Scott San Gabriel Collection of citrus fruits. Chippendale, Wm. Duarte _ Collection of citrus fruits. Clark Brothers Helix Collection of citrus fruits. Cogswell, Thos. San Diego Fruit baskets. Culbertson, H El Cajon Sun-dried peaches. Cunningham, R. F. Highlands Dried fruits. Davis, Mary A San Bernardino. Dried fruits. Eaton, C. F Santa Barbara.. Collection of citrus fruits. El Cajon World's Fair Association. El Cajon Collection of raisins. Escondido Land and Town Co. San Diego Collection of raisins. Ferry, W. H Lakeside Sun-dried figs. Flickinger, J. H., Co San Jose Canned fruits, dried fruits. Ford, Geo. W. Santa Ana English walnuts. Fresno Co. W. F. Ass'n. Fresno Sun-dried figs. Fresno Co. W. F. Ass'n. Fresno Collection of raisins. Garcelon, G. W. Riverside Collection of citrus fruits. Gordon, J. T. Azusa Collection of citrus fruits. Griffin & Skelley Co Riverside Collection of raisins. Gulick, M.N Tustin _ . . Collection of citrus fruits. Handy, 0. Orange Dried fruits. Hatch, A. T San Francisco Collection of almonds. Hatch, E. M Ontario Collection of citrus fruits. Holmes, E. W Riverside. Collection of citrus fruits. Holt Raisin Co El Cajon Collection of raisins. Jarchow, J. H. F. San Gabriel Collection of citrus fruits. JarvisWine& Brandy Co. San Jose Orange wine. Jenney, E. W Helix Collection of citrus fruits. Joplin, Mrs. J. C. Tustin Fruits in glass. Knapp, E. J Santa Barbara.. Dried fruits. La Rue, S - Riverside Collection of citrus fruits. Land and Town Co San Diego Collection of citrus fruits. Lompoc Valley Lompoc Collection of apples. LosAngelesCo.W.F. Ass'n Los Angeles Collection of raisins. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 119 Department of Horticulture — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Award on— LosAngelesCo.W.F.Ass'n Los Angeles Collection of citrus fruits. Los Nietos and Ranchito Walnut Growers' As- sociation Rivera . Persian walnuts. Los Nietos and Ranchito Walnut Growers' As- sociation Rivera English walnuts. Lusk, A. & Co. San Francisco .. Canned fruits. Lusk, A. & Co. San Francisco _ . Preserved asparagus. Marshall, S. M El Cajon Collection of citrus fruits. Matlock, D. B San Jose Fruit gatherer. McFarland, J. P Dehesa.. Collection of raisins. Meacham, R. W Riverside Collection of citrus fruits. Mellen, T. J. Beaumont Dried fruits. Murdock, S. J Westminster Vegetables in solution. Myers, P. B San Bernardino. Dried fruits. Natoma Vineyard Natoma Collection of grapes. Noble Bros. Fresno Collection of raisins. Onstott, J. P ... Yuba City Collection of raisins. Orange County Santa Ana Collection of citrus fruits. Reidy, M. Escondido Dried fruits. Riverdale Fruit Co. Santa Clara Dried fruits. Riverside County Riverside Collection of citrus fruits. Rock, John San Jose Collection of grapes. Rock, John San Jose Collection of cherries. Rock, John San Jose Collection of almonds. Rogers, A. C. Azusa Collection of citrus fruits. San Bernardino County. San Bernardino. Collection of citrus fruits. San Diego County San Diego Collection of grapes. San Diego County San Diego Collection of citrus fruits. San Jose Fruit Packing Company San Jose .' Jellies and jams. Saratoga Packing Co Saratoga Collection of prunes. Scott, John Duarte . . Col lection of citrus fruits. Sheldon, D. S... El Cajon Collection of raisins. Snow, H. K Tustin Collection of citrus fruits. Sonoma Preserve Co Petaluma Pickles and sauces. Souther & Crosby El Cajon Collection of raisins. So. Cal. Packing Co Los Angeles Orange marmalades. Thacher, E. S Nordhoff Collection of citrus fruits. Thompson, C. C Pasadena Dried prunes. Ventura County Ventura Collection of citrus fruits. Walker, Lewis Ventura. Dried fruits. Walker, W. R Pasadena Dried pears. 120 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. DEPARTMENT OF VITICULTURE. Exhibitor. Address, Award on— Albertz, F. _ Cloverdale Claret wines, [and Sherry. Albertz, F. Cloverdale Wines — Malaga, Angelica, Barton Estate Co Fresno Brandy. Beard, J. L. Warm Springs.. Wines — Golden Chasselas. Ben Lomond Wine Co... San Francisco. __ Wines — Riesling, Burgundy, Beringer Bros St. Helena Wines — Riesling. [White. Beringer Bros St. Helena Wines. Beringer Bros St. Helena Wines — Port and Muscat. Billings, F _ Redwood City Wines — Sauvignon, Tram- iner, and Semillon. Brun, A. & Co Oakville Claret wines. Carpy, C. & Co San Francisco Claret wines. Carpy, C. & Co San Francisco Wines — Sauternes. Carpy, C. & Co San Francisco Brandy, Carpy, C. & Co San Francisco Wines — Port and Sherry. Chauche, A. G Livermore Wines — Chablis, Jurancon. Crabb, H. W Oakville Wines — Chablis, Riesling. Crabb, H. W Oakville Wines — Hermitage, Burgun- dy, and Claret. [Port. Crabb, H. W Oakville _ Wines — Tokay, Malaga, and Crellin, John & Sons Pleasanton Wines — Haut Sauternes. Crellin, John & Sons Pleasanton Claret wines. Cupertino Wine Co. Cupertino Claret wines, [and Zinfandel. De Turk, I. Santa Rosa Wines — Cabernet, Burgundy De Turk, I. Santa Rosa Sherry wines. Eisen Vineyard Co Fresno Wines — Muscat, Port, Estee, M. M Napa Wines — Cabernet. Ewer & Atkinson Rutherford Wines — Hock. Ewer & Atkinson Rutherford Brandy. Goodrich, E. E Santa Clara Wines — Cabernet. Gundlach, J, & Co.. San -Francisco Wines — Sauterne, Semillon. Gundlach, J. & Co San Francisco Wines — Chateau Gundlach, Chambertin, and Cabernet. Gundlach, J. & Co San Francisco Wines — Sherry and Tokay, Haesters, F Wrights Wines — Riesling. Haraszthy, Arpad & Co.. San Francisco Champagnes. Haraszthy, Arpad & Co.. San Francisco Wines — Muscat. Haraszthy, Arpad & Co.- San Francisco Wines — Claret, Chateau D'Orleans, Cabernello. Haraszthy, Arpad & Co.. San Francisco Wines — Sauterne. Howes, C. P Mountain View. Wines — Cabernet, Claret. Howes, C. P.- - Mountain View. Wines — Sauterne, Riesling. Italian-Swiss Agricult- ural Colony - Asti Wines — Barbera, Mataro, Zinfandel, Tipo Chianti. Korbel, F. & Bros San Francisco Wines — Zernosek. Lefranc, H San Jose Champagnes. Lefranc, H... San Jose Wines — Claret. Lefranc, H San Jose Brandy. Margherita Vineyard Fresno. Wines — Sherry and Port. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 121 Department of Viticulture — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Award on — Mclver, C. C Mission San .Jose. "Wines — Zinfandel. Mclver, C. C Mission San Jose. Port wines. Mclver, C. C Mission San. Jose. Wines — Sauterne, Chablis, Moselle, Riesling, Hock. Merithew, J. C. West Side Wines — Cabernet. Merithew, J. C. Cupertino Wines — Port and Sherry. Migliavacca, G Napa Wines — Zinfandel. Napa Valley Wine Co... San Francisco Wines — Burgundy, Claret. Napa Valley Wine Co... San Francisco Wines — Port and Angelica. Nermann, Otto Angwin Wines — Cabernet, Gutedel. Parrott, Tiburcio St. Helena Wines — Medoc. Rose, L. J. Co., Limited. San Gabriel Wines — Port and Sherry. Rossi, P. C San Francisco Vermouth. Sanders & Co. San Francisco Continuous still. [Claret. Schram, Jacob St. Helena Wines — Riesling, Hock, and Smith, Julius P. Livermore Wines — Tokay, Angelica. Smith, Julius P. Livermore Wines — Haut Sauternes. Smith, Julius P. Livermore Wines — Cabernet, Claret, Zinfandel, and Malbec. Smith, Julius P. Livermore Brandy. St. Hubert Vineyard Fresno Port wines. State Viticultural Com- missioners, Board of-. San Francisco Literature. State Viticultural Com- missioners, Board of.. San Francisco Methods of vine-growing. State Viticultural Com- missioners, Board of.. San Francisco Engravings, photos, etc. Stern, Chas. & Sons Los Angeles Brandy. [Angelica. Stern, Chas. & Sons Los Angeles Wines — Sherry, Port, and Stewart, J. A Santa Cruz Wines — Haut Sauterne and White Burgundy. Wagoner, H. B Livermore Brandy. Walden & Co., Limited. Geyserville Brandy. West, Geo. & Son Stockton . Wines — Claret, Haut Sau- terne, Port, Sherry, and West, Geo. & Son . Stockton Brandy. [Frontignan. Wetmore, Chas. A. Livermore Wines — Sauterne Souvenir, Chateau Yquem Souvenir. Wetmore, Chas. A Livermore Margaux Souvenir wines. Zierngibl, Louis St. Helena Wines — Carignan, Burgun- dy, Zinfandel, Cabernet. Zierngibl, Louis St. Helena Wines — Angelica and Port. 122 REPORT OF WORLD S FAIR COMMISSION. DEPARTMENT OF FLORICULTURE. Exhibitor. Allen, L. E California Nursery Co.-_ California, State of Den, N.C Eaton, C. F Escondido W. F. Ass'n. . Golden Gate Park. Hansen, L. P. Los Angeles Co. World's Fair Association Lukens, T. P Park Nursery Co. Pasadena Nursery Co. __ Roeding, Geo. C Rust, H. N. & Son San Mateo County Sexton, Joseph & Son .. _ Sherwood Hall Nursery Company Spear, Mrs. S. D Story, P. Q Address. Award on — San Diego Flowering shrub. Niles Collection of roses. Sacramento Collection of ornamental and Santa Barbara-. Palms. [fruit trees. Santa Barbara _. Ornamental plants. Escondido Collection of roses. San Francisco _ _ Collection of plants. Pasadena Collection of plants. Los Angeles Palms; ornamental trees. Pasadena Palms. Pasadena Palms. Pasadena Palms. Fresno Palms. Pasadena Ornamental trees. San Mateo Collection of fruit trees. Santa Barbara.. Palms. San Francisco . . Collection of sweet peas. Los Angeles Collection of roses. Alhambra Palms. DEPARTMENT OF LIVE STOCK. Angora goats ex- hibited by C. P. Bailey, San Jose,<( Cal Section. Class 53. • Premitun. Amount. 1 Buck 2 years or over First. . .$25 00 1 Buck 2 years or over Second . 20 00 2 Buck 1 year and under 2 First 25 00 2 Buck 1 year and under 2 Second. 20 00 3 Buck under 1 year ..First... 15 00 3 Buck under 1 year Second. 10 00 4 Doe 2 years or over First 25 00 4 Doe 2 years or over Second. 20 00 5 Doe 1 year and under 2 First 25 00 5 Doe 1 year and under 2 Second . 20 00 6 Doe under 1 year First 15 00 6 Doe under 1 year Second. 10 00 7 Pen of 2 bucks and 3 does, bred by exhibitor . _ First... 30 00 7 Pen of 2 bucks and 3 does, bred by exhibitor Second . 20 00 8 Buck of any age 40 00 ^ 9 Doe of any age 40 00 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 123 DEPARTMENT OF FISH AND FISHERIES. Exhibitor. Address. Award on — California, State of Sacramento Mounted specimens of fishes San Diego High School and casts. (collective exhibit) San Diego Fishes in alcohol, mounted fishes, specimens of corals, invertebrata, shells, crus- San Diego High School tacea, etc. (collective exhibit) San Diego Specimens of shell flowers. Sheldon, Mrs. H. P. National City Shells and corals. "Westfall, Miss M.J. Pacific Grove Pacific algse. DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND MINING. Exhibitor. Address. Award on — Barton, B. F San Francisco Salt from sea water. Boyson, Dr. Thos. (Boy- son's Quarry) _ Amador County. Marble, serpentine. California, State of Sacramento Collection of minerals. California, State of Sacramento Reports of State Mineralo- gists of California. California, State of Sacramento Building stone, sandstone, California State Mining limestone, and marble. Bureau San Francisco Limestone. California State Mining Bureau San Francisco Marbles, onyx, etc. California State Mining Bureau San Francisco Rocker, with sieves and pan for washing and collecting Colton Marble Co. Colton Marble. [gold. Daggett, John San Francisco Crystalline gold. Dewey Publishing Co. _. San Francisco "The Mining and Scientific Inyo Marble Co. San Francisco Marble. [Press." Irelan, Mrs. Lina San Francisco Volumeonpottery, clays, etc. Kesseler, J. & F San Francisco Onyx. Mathison Smelting Co... San Francisco Star antimony. McMurray, R. San Francisco Gold crystals. [of Cala. Petersdorff, C. F. V San Francisco Volume on mineral resources Plumas County Quincy Gold, silver, copper, lead, and iron ores. San Bernardino County. San Bernardino. Rock salt, borate, and car- bonate of soda. Strong, Mrs. H. W. R.-. Whittier Retaining dams and storage reservoirs for hydraulic Tregidgo, Alfred Grass Valley Gold ores. [mining. Union Oil Co Santa Paula Illuminating oil. Woodbury, Geo. E San Francisco .. Improved concentrator with improved belts and feeder. 124 REPORT OF WORLD S FAIR COMMISSION. DEPARTMENT OP MACHINERY. Exhibitor. Address. Gumming, George & Co._ San Francisco Golden State and Miners' Iron Works San Francisco Pelton Water Wheel Co._ San Francisco Award on — Portable forge and hand [blower. Steam engine. Pelton water wheel. DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION. Exhibitor. Address. American Balance Slide Valve Company .. San Francisco. California Wire Works. . San Francisco . Hallidie, A. S San Francisco. Hallidie, A. S . San Francisco. O'Kane, J. San Francisco. Union Iron Works San Francisco. Wade & Co. San Francisco. Award ou— Balance slide valve. Wire ropes and cables. Passenger and grip car, rope- way and grip. Historical collection of cable systems, pulley. Russet surrey harness, Cali- fornia saddles, horse boots. Ship models, model of works. Man's saddle. DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURES. Exhibitor. Address. Award on — Ainsworth, N. T Los Angeles Drawn linen work. Atkinson, G. F San Francisco California wood novelties. Blohm, L.. San Francisco Carved furniture. Bradley, Mrs. E. P San Francisco Design for furniture. California Keramic Club San Francisco Case of specimen keramic art. Devlin, Thos Areata Parts of harness. Finking, R San Francisco Cutaway coat. Frank, S. H. & Co San Francisco Leather. Fuller, M.-- San Francisco Panel painting. James, Lucy J... Pomona Corsets. Liebes, H. & Co. __ San Francisco General exhibit. Liebes, H. & Co... San Francisco Polar bears. Liebes, H. & Co San Francisco Manufactured furs. Liebes, H. & Co San Francisco Seal skins manufactured. Rowand, Mrs. A. W San Francisco Decorated china. Ryerson, Jennie S San Francisco Drawn work. DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICITY. Exhibitor. Address. Keith, N. S. - . San Francisco. Award on — Electric motors, direct cur- rent; constant potential. REPORT OF WORLD S FAIR COMMISSION. 125 DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS. Exhibitor. Address. Award on— Brown, A. Page San Francisco California State Building. Kreling, F. W. & Sons-_ San Francisco... The "Columbia" closed-back banjos. Los Angeles Pub. Library Los Angeles Books and catalogues. O'Hara, Lilian San Francisco Wood and leather etching. Overland Monthly Pub- [half-tones. lishing Co. San Francisco Original illustrations and Pacific Flush Tank Co.. Los Angeles Automatic flushing siphon Schumacher, F. G. Los Angeles Photographs. [and tank. Steckel, George Los Angeles Platino-types. Williams & Shepard San Francisco Photographs. DEPARTMENT OF LIBERAL ARTS (Educational). Exhibitor. Address. Academy of Immaculate Conception San Francisco Academy of Sacred Heart San Francisco California, State of Sacramento College of Notre Dame.. Marysville Cogswell Polytechnic Col. San Francisco Children's Day Homes . _ San Francisco Dominican College San Rafael Golden Gate Kinder- garten Association San Francisco Mt. St. Joseph's Kinder- garten San Francisco Mt. St. .Joseph's Orphan Asylum San Francisco Mt. St. Mary's Academy. Grass Valley . Normal Institute Martinez Notre Dame Academy _ . Alameda Notre Dame College San Francisco Notre Dame College San Jose Notre Dame School Redwood Orphan Asylum (R. C). San Francisco Our Lady of Angels Academy Santa Clara . . Our Lady of Lourdes Academy Oakland Our Lady of Mercy Academy San Francisco. Public Schools Oakland Public Schools Pasadena Award on — School work. School work. Public schools of California. Class work. Wood work, iron work, draw- ing, and sewing. Kindergarten work. Miscellaneous class work. Books, charts, maps, etc. Albums, kindergarten work. Class work. Class work. Volumes — geometry, trig- onometry, linear drawings. Class work. One volume essays composed and printed by pupils. Miscellaneous work and fancy needlework. Class work. Miscellaneous work and embroidery. Class work, needlework, etc. Miscellaneous class work. [and photos. Class work, music, drawing, Full line of school work. Full line of school work. 126 EEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Department of Liberal Arts (Educational) — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Award on— Public Schools San Diego Full line of school work. Public Schools San Jose Full line of school work. Sacramento Institute Sacramento Class work. Sac'to Public Library Sacramento Finding list and indicator. Sacred Heart College San Francisco Miscellaneous class work. Sacred Heart Presenta- tion School San Francisco Class work, etc. Sacred Heart School Temescal . Class work. San Fran. Archdiocese.. San Francisco. _ Work from 67 schools. Santa Barbara County. _ Santa Barbara.. Herbarium of S. Barbara Co. Santa Clara College Santa Clara Class work. Sisters of Mercy Eureka Embroidery and needle work. St. Agnes' Academy Stockton _ Class work. *St. Agnes' Kindergar- ten _____ Stockton ) *St. Joseph's Kindergar- > Kindergarten work, ten Stockton ) St. Aloysius' School San Jose Drawings. St. Anthony's School Oakland Class work. St. Boniface's School San Francisco Class work. St. Brendan's Kinder- garten San Francisco Kindergarten work. St. Bridget's School San Francisco Miscellaneous work, draw- *St. Francis de Sales' ings, and herbarium. Male School Oakland ) *St. Francis' de Sales ? Miscellaneous class work. Female School Oakland ) St. Francis' Female School _ San Francisco Miscellaneous class work. St. Francis' Kindergar- ten San Francisco Kindergarten work. *St. Francis' Male School San Francisco ) *St. Francis' Female > General class work. School San Francisco ) St. Francis' Technical School San Francisco Pupils' needlework. St. Gertrude's Academy. Rio Vista Miscellaneous work. St. Ignatius' College San Francisco Miscellaneous work. St. Joseph's Academy Oakland Miscellaneous class work. St. Joseph's Convent Eureka Specimen of maps and free- hand drawing. St. Joseph's Institute Oakland Miscellaneous class work. *St. Joseph's Male School San Francisco ) *St. Joseph's Female > Miscellaneous class work. School San Francisco ) St. Joseph's School Oakland Miscellaneous class work. St. Joseph's School San Jose Miscellaneous class work. St. Lawrence's School Oakland Class work. St. Mary's College Oakland Miscellaneous work. * One award. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 127 Department of Liberal Arts (Educational) — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Award on— St. Mary's College Stockton Class work. *St. Mary's Male School Oakland j Miscplln neons class work *St. Mary's Girls' School Oakland \ ^Viisceilaneous class woiJi. St. Patrick's School San Francisco School work. *St. Peter's Convent San Francisco } p, , *St. Peter's Male School San Francisco _ _.^ ^^^^^ ^°^^- *St. Rafael's Kindergar- ten San Rafael ) Specimens of work. *St. Rafael's School San Rafael ) Class work. St. Rose's Academy San Francisco Class work. [trated. St. Rose's Kindergarten. San Francisco Gifts and occupations illus- St. Rose's School San Francisco Class work. *St. Vincent's Kinder- garten Vallejo ) Kindergarten work. *St. Vincent's Primary > [charts, etc. School -.Vallejo ..) Written examinations, St. Vincent's School San Francisco .. _ Class work. Temescal Village School. Temescal Full line of school work. * One award. DEPARTMENT OF ETHNOLOGY. Exhibitor. Address. Award on — California, State of Sacramento Historical collection. Rust, H.N Pasadena Mealing, or grinding, stones for preparing food. DEPARTMENT OF FORESTRY. Exhibitor. Address. Award ou— California, State of Sacramento Collection of samples of wood, bark, etc. Korbel, F. & Bros San Francisco Collection of redwood tanks. 128 KEPOKT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. LIST OF EXHIBITORS AND EXHIBITS. AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Adams, F. F Fallbrook Wheat. Alexander, — S. L. Obispo Co.. Beans. Anderson, M. H Santa Paula .. Soil sample. Anderson, R. H Norwalk Corn on stalk. Austin, Mrs. Arroyo Grande . Barley. Baker, J. C San Miguel Wheat, oats, barley, rye. Bandiclv, John __.. Orange Hops. Baruch &Woodbridge. Los Angeles Fertilizers, in variety. Beckwith, C Santa Paula Beans; soil sample. Bidwell,John Chico.- Wheat, oats, barley, rye(about 75var.of grain). Bixby & Howard Los Angeles Co.. Wheat and barley in sheaf. Black,W..T Salinas City Miistard in sheaf. Board of Trade San Francisco... Wheat in variety. Brimble, E. Burbank Corn on stalk (15 feet 11 inches high). Brockway, C. ..Sacramento Barley. Bryan, J. Arroyo Grande. Barley. Brvant, J. W S. L. Obispo Co.. Beans. Callis, R Ventura Beans. Carpenter, G. W - Sutter County.. Wheat. Central Milling Co PasoRobles Wheat. Church, Mrs. S. L. Obispo Co.. Acacia seed. Clements, Mrs. M. J Yuba County ... Wheat. Coffman, F Rivera Corn. Cooley, D. -- Dixon Barley in sheaf. Oummings, J. F SantaPaula Soil sample. Darling, D. Saticoy Soil samples. Dickson, A. W. S. L. Obispo Co.. Beans. Edmondson, R. B Montalvo Beans; soil sample. Ellery, M. Osos Barley. Farming & Milling Co.. Los Angeles Wheat. Faulkner, G. W SantaPaula Soil samples. Ferguson, J S. L. Obispo Co.. Wheat. Flagg, Mr. Arroyo Grande. Barley. Fortna, S. R Sutter County.. Wheat. Eraser, Thomas. Placerville R\issian rye. Freites, Joseph... S. L, Obispo Co.. Beans. Gardner, E. L. West^Iaticoy Corn; soil sample. Gird, R Chino Beet sugar. Gosnell, T. B Ventura Soil sample. Graham, Zach New Jerusalem . Soil sample. Gregory, J S. L. Obispo Co.. Peas. Griffins, Evan West Saticoy Soil sample. Halesworth, W. W Orange Peanuts. Hudson, A. J Templeton Wheat; soil sample. Hueneme Starch Co Hueneme Potato starch. Kahl, — Merced County. Barley. Kelsey, J. B Ventura .._ Soil sample. Kelsey, T.A WeStSaticoy Beans; soil samples. Kimberling, J. B Santa Clara Vegetable seeds m variety. Klinkenhead, P. E. Downey Soil samples. Lambardo, F VenturaCounty Beans. Larson, L. J Templeton Wheat in sheaf. Las Posas L. & W. Co.. Ventura Co Barley in sheaf. Lee, C. S. L. Obispo Co.. Barley. Levy, A Ttueneme Soil samples. Lewis, D. -. .- Santa Ysabel AN'heat, barley. Lewis, W. L Montalvo Soil samples. Lombardo, A IVlontalvo Soil samples. L.AngelesCo.W.F.Com. Los Angeles ... Wlieat, barley, rye, beans, peas Low, F --. San Miguel Wheat. Luitner, W. F. Colegrove.. Corn. RKPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 129 Agricultural Exhibit (State Building)— Continued. ExhitUor. Address. Exhibit. Maxwell, E. L. Edna Barley. McAlpin, Jolin Sutter Co _.. Wheat. McCoy, C. B Simi Oats. McDaniel, W S. L. Obispo Co.. AVheat. McGiimis, VV. J Mono Buckwheat. McGlaslien, J. Arroj'o Grande.. Beans. McLaughlin, Mark Kevv Jerusalem . Soil samples. Merced Co. VV. F. Com.. Merced Cereals in var., both whole plants and threshed grain (arranged by K. Gracey) — wlieat, corn, oats, barley, rye, Egyptian corn; alfalfa; native grasses and forage plants; beans; pea- Miller, Jacob Cahuenga Soil samples. [nuts; cotton bolls; tobacco. Mohr Bros Mt. Eden I^arley. Moody, D. M... Estrella Wheat. Moreliouse, C Adelaide Wheat and oats. Morse, C. C. & Co Santa Clara Vegetable seeds in variety. Murphy, P. W S. L.Obispo Co.. Oats. Noys, C S. L. Obispo Co.- Corn. Onstott, J. A Sutter Co Wheat. Paterson, G. W Centerville Barley. Kanisaur VV. P Florence... Alfalfa hay. Rancho clel V'alle Pleasanton Wheat, barley. Keady, VV. E Ventura Beans; soil samples. Roberts, J. D.. S. L. Obispo Co.. 15eans. Romdahl, Mrs. C Orange. Hops. Rose, N. H. S. L.Obispo Co.. Beans. Sac. Co. VV. F. Com Sacramento Wheat, barley. [grown by Pauma Indians. San Diego VV^. F. Com.. San Diego Wheat, oats, and rye in sheaf; barley; beans S.F. Produce Exchange San Francisco... Wheat, oats, barley, rye (sheaf and threshed) in variety ; Indian and Egyptian corn ; buck- wheat; flour, meal, hominy, etc., in variety ; malt, hops; cotton, ramie, silk, and wool; seeds in variety — alfalfa, canary, coriander, flax, hemp, millet, mustard, sorghum ; pulse, S. LuiB Obispo County in variety — peas, beans, and lentils. W. F. Committee San Luis Obispo. Wheat, oats, barley, rye, rice, buckwheat, In- dian and Egyptian corn ; flour, meals, etc.; beans in variety, peas, castor beans; seeds — alfalfa, flax, mustard, and sunHower ; cotton, San Marcos Land Co... San Diego Co Wheat. [jute, ramie, and yxtle. Santa Barbara County W. F. Committee Santa Barbara .. Mustard in variety. Schween, E. Pleasanton ..^.. Barley. Silva, J Ventura Co Beans. Smith, E Adelaide Wheat and barley. Souzo, — Moro Barley. Spooner, Pacho Barley and oats. Squires, E. W Vista Wheat. Steinbach, E. M S. L. Obispo Co.. Wheat. Stocking Bros I'^scondido Barley; beans. Sutter Co. VV. F. Com... Vuba City Cereals in variety. Thorn, C. E. Glendale Soil samples. Thompson, A. VV S. L. Obispo Co.. Wheat. Thompson, Dixey Ventura Soil samples. Timm, I*... Dixon Barley in sheaf. University of Cal. (Col- lege of Agriculture). Berkeley. Cereals — wheat, oats, barley, both in sheaf and threshed, in great variety ; forage plants in variety ; flax (sheaf) in variety ; pyrethrum insect powder plant ; soil samples in variety. Upton Ranch.. Merced Co Corn. [and peas; starch. VenturaCo.VV. F. Com.. Ventura Wheat, corn, oats, barley, Egyptian corn ; beans Webster, J. V Creston Wheat. Wells, M. T Saticoy Beans. White cfe Hankey Santa Ana Peanuts. Wilkenson, J ..Arroyo Grande. Beans. Wilson, N. H Merced Co Beans; peanuts. Wolff i& Lehmann Hueneme Soil samples. Young, J. V. N Arroyo Grande. Corn ; beans in variety, peas, lentils ; peanuts; castor beans; seeds in variety — alfalfa, beet, carrot, melon, pumpkin, sunflower; sunflower stalk, 14 feet high ; white onions in solution, 9w 130 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. AGRICULTURAL EXHIBIT. (Agricultural Building.), Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Alameda County "W. F. Association Oakland Cocoons. Anderson, M. H. Santa I^aula Beans (2 var.). Atkinson, Dr. B Los Angeles I^otatoes. Atwood, G. A San Bernardino. Barley. Ayers, — Ventura Oats. Bacon, J. E Capistrano Beans. Baker, W. R Pasadena Squashes. Bandle, E.. Burbank Potatoes. Barnard, A. D Ventura Wheat. Barnes, E. N. Escondido Corn. Barnett, A Acton Honey. Barton, S. W Whittier Corn. Baruch & Woodbridge. Los Angeles Fertilizers. Beckwith, C. A Santa I'auia Beans. Bell, J. C Butte County.,. Wheat. Bidwell, J Chico Wheat, oats, barley, rye. Branch, John Artesia Alfalfa hay, beans, conu Brockway, C. Z Sacramento Barley. Bronson, Jas... Valley Center... Wheat. Brooks, B. F. Riverside Honey. Bryant, W Routiers W^heat. Butler, L. M Los Angeles Potatoes. Byers, P. L Santa Paula Corn (2 var.), beans. Carmack, J. Chico Wheat. Carpenter, G. W. Yuba City Wheat. Carroll, W. Sacramento Oats. Caruthers, W. A Caruthers. Wheat. Clark, M. H. Nordhoff Wheat. Clauson, J. F Lancaster Wheat. Cochems, N Del Sur ... Barley. Coffman, C. A... Rivera Corn. Coffman, Frank Rivera Corn. Cook, G Kellie Wheat. Coon, D.& N Elk Grove Oats. Coovert, John Lancaster.. Wheat. Crow, J. M. Encinitas Corn. Cummings, J. F Santa Paula Beans. Darling, D. Saticoy Beans, com. Davis, L. R Sacramento Wheat. Densmore, W. M Alton Oats. Douglas, C. Lompoc Mustard seed. Dudley, G. G "The Island," Humboldt Co. Barley. Dunlap, W. H... San Bernardino. Wheat. Eddy, A Compton Alfalfa hay. Edmondson, R. B Montalvo Beans (5 var.). Elliot, E. Santa Barbara.. Mangel-wurzels. Ellis, J.C University Beans. Entler, J Chico Wheat. Erikson, M. A Swauger Peas. Faulkner, G. W Santa Paula Beans. Ferand, J. Ojai Barley. Fimple, R. R ButteCo AVheat. Flint, S. H Saticoy Barley. Franzen, A Santa Ana Potatoes. Gardner, A. L Ventura Corn. Gibbs, 1 .- Vernon Beans. Gibbs, 0.. Tehama Beans. Gird, R.. Chino Sugar beets. Gosnell, T. B Ventura Beans. Greer, E Sacramento Barley. Greer, W. W Sacramento Barley; buckwheat. Grow, S. L. San Bernardino. Honey. Hack, J. .■ Union House ... Wheat. Hay, Anderson. Los Angeles Corn. Henderson, — Los Angeles Beans; beets. Hicks, C. W Los Angeles Beans. Hockenieyer, H West Orange Corn. Huenenie Starch Co. .. Hueneme Potato starch. Hull. C. A Union House .._ Wheat. Hunt, G. L Elk Grove Wheat. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 131 Agricultural Exhibit (Agricultural Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Johnson, W. A Norris Grant Wheat. Keira, H. W Tustin Peanuts; beans. Kellogg, F. Goleta Pumpkins. Kei^^ey, J. B Ventura Eeans (2 vur.). Kelsey, T. A "West Saticoy ... Beans (4 var.). Legg, Wni. Humboldt Co. .. Wheat. Levy, A Huenenie Barley; beans. Lintner, W. F Colegrove Corn (2 var.). Lobi, F Capistrano Beans. Lombardo, F Montalvo. Beans (3 var.). Lonipoc Val. Growers. Lompoc Mustard. Los, Angeles County... Los Angeles Squashes. Los Angeles Farming and Milling Co.. Los Angeles AVheat. Lnce, N. Lincoln Oats. iMaier & Zobelein Los Angeles Barley. McCoy, C. B. Simi Oafs. McCreery & Son Los Angeles Alfalfa hay. McGarvey, R Tkiah Hops. \Mclntyre, J. F. Fillmore Honey. Jlendenliall, F. W Whittier Sorghum seed. Meyer Bros. San Bernardino. Rye. Moreland, T. S Lonipoc Wheat. Murdock, S. J Westminster Vegetables. Newport, W Menifee Barley. Newport, Wni Riverside ... Barley, wheat. Nicholson, T... El Modena — ... Sweet potatoes (2 var.). Nikerk, S. J Butte Co Wheat. Norton, 0. V Escondido Wheat and corn. Oleson, H Humboldt Co. „ Wheat. Onstott, J. A. Ynba City Wheat. Pratt & Helmer Riverside Honej'. Price, A Ventura Beans. Rambo, E. L. Twin Oaks. Corn. Ramsaur, W. P. Florence Alfalfa liay. Rincon Indians Valley Center... Wheat and barley. Rockwood, B. B. San I'asqual Alfalfa seed. Ropn, J. B. Colegrove.. Corn. Ready, W. E. Ventura . Beans (2 var.). Rosecrans, C Los Angeles Barley. Rule, H Los Angeles Beans. Rush, R. R.. Butte County... Wheat. Rynerson, H. C. Ojai Oats. San Marcos Land Co... San Diego Wheat, oats. Schulp, John Jackson IJoad... Oats. Scotch, John Butte County... Wiieat. Scott, 1). -\ Ontario Wheat. Scull, A. C. Goleta Corn. Seeley, W. R. ^¥est Saticoy ... Corn. Sexton, J. Goleta Beans; oats. Shafer, N. Enterprise Wheat. Shippee, W. xV Nelson Wheat (2 var.). Silva, J. Montalvo.. Beans. Silva.J..-. Table Bluff Oats. Small, H. K, Olive... Wheat (2 var.). Smith, D Hueneme Barley. Snover, J Santa Ana Corn. Soper, P. W Nordhoff Wheat. Sparks, E.J Lincoln Barley, oats (2 var.), wheat (3 var.). Squires, E. W Vista Wheat. Stall], II. Los Angeles Squash. Stevens, L Santa Monica Barley. Stewart, M. Los .\ngeles Squash. Stocking Bros Escondido Barley, oats, wheat, and beans. Strawbridge, W. T Whittier Potatoes. Studarus, C Schoolhouse Sta. Wheat. Thompson, D. W.. Ventura Beans. Thorp, S. R Gardena Beans. Trickey, F. Bishop... Honey. TweedV, J. W Los Angeles Rve. Walker, L Ventura Wheat. Wakham, F. Santa Ana Oats. Waldron, S. A — Los Angeles Wheat. 132 llErOKT OF world's FAIli COMMISSION. Agricultural ExMbit (Agricultural Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Wlicehm, F. II Santa Barbara .. 1?eans. White, K. A Santa Ana (lorn (2 var.); peanuts. White, II Kivera Corn. WolIT & Jjelunann llueneme lieans. HORTICULTURAL EXHIBIT. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Allen, Tj. E San Diego _ Duava jelly; preserved figs. Baker, W, 11 I'asadena ". Dried apricots and peaches. Bangle, .lolin Kivera Walnuts. Barnes it Son N'entura Dried apricots and peaches. Barnhill, James Colton Orangesin solution. Barrett, S. II. Highlands Dried anricots. Barrows, C. B. San Bernardino. Dried apricots and peaches. Bequette, L. L Kivera Walnuts. Bishop, A. D .- Orange Sweet lemons in solution. Bliss Bros Duarte Dried apricots, peaches, plums, and prunes. Briggs, .1. S Ventura Dried apricots. Burr, .Fohu San Fernando... Dried jieaches. Gate Bros Rivera Walnuts. Cerf, F Arroyo Orande . Walnuts. Cloud Bros \Vest Saticoy Dried apricots. Corrcc, U. H Kullerton Brunes. CoiTnuin, C. A Rivera Walnuts. Cole, G. W Rivera Walnuts. Comstock tt IMyers N'entura Dried apricots. Crane, Mrs.S. A Duarte .lellies in variety. Cunningham, 11. F Highlands Dried fruits in variety. Davidson, C. .1 'I'ustin Dried peaches. Davis, Ben Orange Dried peaches. Davis, .1. II Rivera Walnuts. Davis, Mary A Banning Dried peaches and pears. Dickson, A'. N San jj. Obispo Go. Dried anricots, peaches, and prunes. Dixon, F. T Merced County . Almonas. Dorman, A Uivera Walnuts. Dunham, K LaCafiada I'runes. Dunn, II. G LongBeach Dried ligs. Dnrfee, .1. D Bivera Walnuts. Duval 1, F. A West Saticoy ... Dried apricots. Fngelhardt, H. D Glendora Dried apricots. Everett, A Ventura Dried apricots. Faustino, ISI San I^. Obispo Go. Dried apples, apricots, and prunes. Finckson, A. W.. San B.Obispo Go. Prunes. Fleming, Mrs. E. I'aradisc Valley. .Tellies in variety. Ford, (i. W Santa Ana Demons in solution.* Ford, W. II Miles Almonds. Fox, S. B S.Bernardino Go. Oranges in solution. Fralcy, II. E La Grescenta Dried tigs. Germain Fruit Co Dos Angeles Seeds in variety. Gooeh, T. L. Rivera.. Walnuts. Gordon, .1. T Fl Gajon Raisins. Grimes, Brice I'^illmore Prunes. Guirado, B Rivera Walnuts. Gulick, M. N Tustin . Lemonsin solution. Handy, O Orange Dried anricots. [in 3 counties). Hatch, A. T San Francisco.. Almonds in variety (85 samples, trom 4 ranches, Hawks, A. D Sierra Madre ... Dried peaches. Hodge, T S. L. Gbispo Go.. Dried apricots. Holly, S. T. l.aCrescenta Dried ligs. •Johnson, I. IT Rivera Walnuts. .Johnston, P. Rivera Walnuts. .Toplin, .). G Tnstin Dried apricots. Keene, Josiah Sespe Raisins. Kerr, ^h-s. G. II 101k Grove Preserved figs, pickled peaches, jelly, etc. King, Eli Bivera Walnuts. Lloyn, B. E Ventura Dried apricots and nectarines. Lopez, M. .T. S. L. Obispo Co.. Driea apples and pears. Los Angeles County [walnuts. World's Fair Com Los Angeles Citrus fruits; dried apricots, peaches; raisins; REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 133 Horticultural ExMbit (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exliibit. Loud & Gerling Pomona Raisins. Lowenstein, Mrs S. L. Obispo Co.. Almonds and walnuts. McClelland, J. J. Rivera Walnuts. McGlashen, J S. L. Obispo Co. . Prunes. McLaren, M. D San Diego Guava jelly; spiced limes. Marshall, S. M El Cajon. Raisins. Martin, J. IT. Rivera Walnuts. Montgomery, IL L Rivera. Walnuts. Montgomery, . I. A liivera.. Walnuts. Morrison, T. G Ventura Dried apricots. Moss, H ilivera Walnuts. Mosg", Wm. Rivera Walnuts. Moyse, J Rivera Walnuts. Orange County World's P^air Committee Santa Ana Citrus fruits. Overacker, C. B Niles ^.. Almonds. Parker, J. B Villa I'ark Dried apricots. Passons, T. R. Rivera Walnuts. Payne, C. R Redlaiids Oranges in solution. Porter, A ITuasna Prunes. Porter, L. S. Pasadena Dried peaches and prunes. Prichard, W. B S. L. Obisi)0 Co.. Prunes. Quito Olive Farm Santa Clara Co. . Olive oil and wood. Riverside Co. World's Fair Committee Riverside Citrus fruits. Robb, W. A Ontario Oranges in solution. Robinson, J. A Merced County . Walnuts and chestnuts. Robinson, R. Ojai Valley Prunes. San Bernardino County World's Fair Com San Bernardino. Citrus fruits; raisins. Santa Barbara County World's l<"air Com Santa Barbara .. Citrus fruits. San Diego County World's Fair Com San Diego Dried fruit; raisins; jellies in variety. Schurman Bros Pomona Prunes. Sexton, H Ventura Dried peaches. Sheldon, C. H Ventura Prunes. Siler, J. W Rivera Walnuls. Somers, W. II El Cajon Raisins, [jam and jellies; unfermented wine. Sonoma Preserve Co... Petalutna Pickles; olives, mustard, curry, catsup, relishes; Spangenberg, E S. 1^. Obispo Co.. Dried apples, apricots, and prunes. Stauin, L Glendora Dried apricots. Stevenson, Wm Pasadena Dried peaches and raisins. Stewart, James Downey Dried ligs. Sutherland, R. R Iliglilands. Raisins. "Thompson, C. C Pasadena Dried apricots and prunes. Thorp, 8. R Los Angeles Dried apricots. Todd, M. D. L 8anta Paula Walnuts. Tweedy, J. J Rivera... Walnuts. Ventura County Ventura Walnuts. Walker, J. A. Saticoy Dried ajjricots. Ward, C. T., Jr Elgin,'Chile Peach cheese, elaborately ornamented. White, D.. Rivera.. Walnuts. Whiting, D... El Toro I'runes. Wiley, Wm Rivera Walnuts. Young, J. V. N... Arroyo Grande.. Black walnuts. HORTICULTURAL EXHIBIT. (Horticultural Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Abbott, M. A Rivera Citrus fruits. Abbott, T Rivera Oranges. Adams, D. Fv... Chula Vista Lemons. Adams, F. F. Fallbrook Graije-fruit. Adams, G. B. Alhambra Citrus fruits. Adams, 1'. T Tustin Citrus fruits. Aldrich, A. .\I Riverside. Oranges. Allen, B. F Chico Dried peaches: oranges and peaches in solution. Allen, L. E San Diego Oranges and lemons; dried figs and r)rune3 ; preserved figs; apricots and pears in solu- Anderson, L. C Alhambra Citrus fruits. [tion ; guava jelly. 134 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Horticultural Exhibit (Horticultural Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Andrews, J Signal Hill (Los Angeles Co.) .. Plums in solution. Armstrong, H. L Pomona Citrus fruits. Atwood, C. G Riverside Oranges (2 var.). Backus, P. C -. Eagle Rock (Los Angeles Co.) .. Grapes in solution. Backus, W. H Riverside Oranges. Backus & Shepard Riverside Oranges (2 var.). Bagley, A Ventura Bananas in solution. Bailey, J. G. Santa Ana Italian chestnuts. Baker, W. E Pasadena Dried pears and prunes; prunes in solution; dried or condensed vegetables (6 var.). Baldbridge, J Covina Citrus fruit. Banbury, J. W. Pasadena ... Citrus fruit. Bangle, John Rivera.. Walnuts. Barber, R. S Milpitas Tomatoes in solution. Barbour, A. Chula Vista Oranges. Barnard, E. F Ventura Red peppers in solution, Barnes, Charles Ventura Pears in solution. Barnhill, J Colton .._ Oranges in solution. Barrett, S. H Highlands Dried peaches and nectarines. Barrows, C. P San Bernardino. Dried nectarines; pears and prunes. Bartlett, James Colton Oranges in solution. Bell, J. C '- Oroville Eigs and olives. Bellevue Ranch Bakerstield Oranges in solution. Bellew, M.... Milpitas Vegetables in solution. Bequette, L. L Rivera Walnuts. Bidwell, J Chico Pears and stone fruits. Bidwell, John Chico.. Pears in solution. Billingsley, R Villa Park Juried figs. Bishop, A, D Orange Citrus fruits. Blanchard, N. W Santa Paula Lemons; grapes in solution. [solution. Bliss Bros Duarte.. Dried apricots, peaches, and plums; pears in Blodget, H. A. Bakersfield Cherries; plums in solution. Boehm, D. J. Los Angeles Fruits in glass (preserved) — apricots, figs, ber- Boettcher, H Los Angeles Italian chestnuts. [ries, etc. Bonine, E. A. LamandaPark.. Dried apricots. Boots, W Alviso Tomatoes in solution. Bower, G. H El Cajon Dried persimmons. Boyd, Jas. Riverside Citrus fruit. Bracker, Mrs. H. Jefferson... Peaches in solution Branch, Jno Los Angeles Pears in solution. Brewer, J. W. Vernondale Citrus fruit. Briggs, B. B I^a Crescenta Prunes in solution. Briggs, J. S Ventura Figs in solution. Brooks, F .. Riverside Lemons in solution. Brouse, W. A So. Highlands .. Dried peaches. Brower, C Bakerslield (Jrapes in solution. Brown, E. G Riverside Citrus fruit. Brown, P Chula Vista Oranges. Brown, W. Sunnyside Oranges. Bundy, M.J. Santa Ana Citrus fruit. Burr, J San Fernando... Dried peaches and raisins. Butte County Horti- cultural Association. Chico Citrus fruits in solution. California, State of Sacramento Pomaceous and stone fruits; citrus fruits; nuts; dried and evaporated fruits; canned fruits; fruits in solution; jellies, jams, and marmalades; glaged fruits ; olive oil. Gal. Grape Food Co Los Gatos Concentrated grape juice. [pineapples, etc. Cal. Mutual Lemon Co. San Diego Applesand pears; lemons and oranges; guavas, Camidge, W. J Bal^ersfield Lemons in solution. Carroll, Tim Anaheim Citrus fruit. Carson, J. D Pomona . (irape-fruit and oranges in solution. Castleman, J. S Riverside ('itrus fruit. Gate Bros I'.ivera Walnuts. Chandler, J. H San Jos^ Dried prunes. Chapman, A. Scott San Gabriel Oranges. Chapman, D. P. Riverside _. Oranges. Chase, L. El Cajon Oranges. Chippendale, W Duarte Oranges, lemons. Church, A. S Duarte.. Oranges (2 var.). Clark Bros. Helix. (.>ranges. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 135 Horticultural Exhibit (Horticultural Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. cots. Stender, A. G. Chula Vista Lemons. Stephens, R. D Mayhews Plums. Stevens, 11 "Westminster Apples (2 var.) in solution. Stevens, K. Santa Barbara. . Orange wine. Stevenson, R Otay Lemons. Stevenson, Wm LamandaPark.. Dried peaches; raisins. Stewart, Jas Downey Grape-fruit; dried figs. Stiljwell & Wilsie Nordhoff. Oranges (2 var.). Stockdale Ranch Bakersiield Oranges in solution. Stokes. A. J. Chollas Valley.. Oranges. Story, F. Q. Alhambra Oranges (5 var.); figs in solution. Story, H. L San Diego Oranges. [tion, Strawbridge, W. T Whittier Oranges (3 var.); lemons and peaches in solu- Strong, H. W. R Whittier... Citrus fruit. Stuckey, E. B. Chico Pears in solution. Suman, P Riverside Oranges. Swain, H. H. Bakersheld Pears in solution. Swayne, T. J. National City... Oranges (3 var.). Swiggart, R. B. Riverside Oranges. Taft, C. P. Orange Dried figs. Talmage, B Pasadena Oranges. Teague, D. C. San Dimas Oranges. Thacher, B. S. Is'ordhoff Oranges (3 var.). Therraalito Oil Ass'n.. Thermalito Olive oil. Thompson, C. C Pasadena . Dried peaches and prunes ; prunes in solution. Thompson, R. A. Escondido Citrus fruit. Tliompson, A. C Duarte Oranges (2 var.). Thorn, S. R. Los Angeles Dried prunes. Thrall, H. I San Bernardino. Oranges in solution. Threlkel, G. L Newcastle Pomaceous fruits. ThresherBros Gridley Peaches, pears, plums, prunes. Todd, M. D. L Santa Paula Walnuts. Tuttle, H. B Ontario Oranges in solution. Tweedy, J.J Rivera Walnuts. Twogo'od, D. C Riverside Citriis fruit. Vance, T. Santa I'aula English walnuts. Van Leuven, E. F Colton Oranges (3 var.) in solution. Ventura County Ventura Citrus fruits— lemons, limes, quinces, and "tree Von Alstyne, T. Tustin Seedless raisins. [tomato" in solution. Wadsworth, F. O San Diego Oranges. Waite, E. (' Redlands Oranges in solution. Waite, E.J Redlands Oranges (2 var.) in solution. Waite, L. C Highlands Oranges (2 var.) and lemons in solution. Walker, Lewis Ventura Dried fruits. Walker, W. R. Pasadena Dried pears. Wall, W. B Tustin Citrus fruit. Warren, William Saratoga Dried ]>runes. Watkins, Mrs. L. J, San Jos6 Jellies and jams, assorted. Watson, Ernest. Duarte.. Citrus fruit. Weeks, A. C Alhambra Oranges. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 141 Horticultural Exhibit (Horticultural Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. White, D Rivera Walnuts. Wilcox, C.W Tustin Citrus fruit. Wiley, William Rivera Walnuts. Williams, Mrs. E. L Chula Vista Oranjies and lemons. Wilson, A. C. No. Cucamonga. Bun-dried prunes. Wilson, William Chula Vista Oranges. Wolfe, I. W Nordhoff Olives. Woodbridge, W. D. Kscondido .. ... Oranges. Woodworth, L. D Azusa Oranges and lemons. Wren, W. H Duarte Oranges (2 var.). Wright, A Toniona Olives on branch in solution. Wright Bros Riverside Citrus fruits. Wycoff, J. B Nordhoff Oranges, fresh and in solution. Yates, C. G Ventura Tree tomato in solution. Young, J. V. N Arroyo Grande.. A i)ples in solution. Younglove, N. C. Rivera Oranges. VITICULTURAL EXHIBIT. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. PIxhibit. Albertz, F Cloverdale White wines (2 var.), red wines (2 var. sweet wines (5 var.), brandy (I var.). Barton Estate Co Fresno White wines (2 var.), red wines (1 var. Beard, J. L. Warm iSprings, sweet wines (2 var.), brandy (I var.). Alameda County White wines (I van), red wines (2 var. sweet wines (1 var.). Ben Lomond Wine Co.. San Francisco White wines (4 var.), red wines (2 var.). Boettcher, H Los Angeles White wines (1 var.), sweet wines (6 var. brandy (i var.). Brun, A. & Co Oakville White wines (3 var.), red wines (3 var. sweet wines (4 van). Carpy, C. & Co San Francisco White wines (2 van), red wines (3 var. sweet wines (2 van), brandy (I var.). Chauche.A.G Livermore White wines (4 van), red wines (3 van). Crabb, H. W Oakville White wines (3 van), red wines (4 var. Crellin, J. & Sons Pleasanton, Ala- sweet wines (5 van), brandy (2 van). meda County White wines (4 van), red wines (4 var.). Cnpertino Wine Co. .. Mountain View Wiiite wines (2 van), red wines (2 van). Delalield, R. H Calistoga White wines (3 van), red wines (2 van sweet wines (2 van). De Turk, I Santa Rosa White wines (2 van), red wines (3 var. sweet wines (2 var.), brandy (I var.). Estee, M. M. Napa White wines (4 van), red wines (2 van). Germain Fruit Co Los Angeles \Vhite wines (3 van), red wines (5 van sweet wines (5 var.), brandy (2 van). Goodrich, E. E Santa Clara Wiiite wines (1 van), red wines (2 var. sweet wines (1 van). Gundlach, J. & Co Pan Francisco White wines (4 van), red wines (4 var. Haesters, F Wrights, Santa Clara sweet wines (7 van), brandy (3 van). (Jounty White wine (1 van). Hammond, C. M Upper Lake, Lake Co.. White wines (2 van), red wines (2 van). Haraszthy, A. & Co San Francisco ^VIlite wines (4 van), red wines (5 van sweet wines (0 van), sparkling wines (3 van). Howes, C. P Mountain View White wines (2 van), red wines (1 van). Inglenook Vineyard... Rutherford, Napa Co.. White wines (5 van), red wines (4 var. Italian-Swiss Agricult- sweet wines (1 var.), brandy (I var.). ural Colony Asti, Sonoma Co White wines (10 van), red wines ((J var. sweet wines (4 var.), brandy ( I var.). Korbel, F. & Bros San Francisco Wiiite wines (fi var ), red wines (2 var. sweet wines (2 var.), brandy (1 var.). Lefranc, H San J036 AVhite wines (3 var.), red wines (2 van sweet wines (1 var.), sparkling wines (2 Los Gatos and Saratoga van), brandy (1 van). Wine Co. Los Gatos While wines (2 van), red wines (3 var sweet wines (2 var.), brandy (1 van). Margherita Vineyard.. Fresno Sweet wines (4 van). Mclver, C. C Mi-ssion San .Tos(5 Wiiite wines (5 var.), red wines (3 var. Merithew, J. C West Side, Santa sweet wines (2 van), brandy (1 van). Clara County Red wines (2 van), sweet wines (2 var. brandy (1 var.). 142 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Viticultural Exhibit (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Napa Valley Wine Co., San Francisco White wines (6 var.), red wines (5 var ),. Rose, L. J. Co San Gabriel, Los An- sweet wines (5 var.), brandy (2 var.). geles County Sweet wines (5 van). Smith, Julius P. Liverniore White wines (5 var.), red wines (5 var.), sweet wines (6 var.), brandy (3 var.). Steinike & Bruning Los Angeles - Sweet wines (5 var.). St. Hubert Vineyard .. Fresno White wines (2 var.), red wines (2 var.), sweet wines (3 var.), brandy (1 var.). Wagoner, H. B Livermore White wines (2 var.), red wines (2 var.), Walden & Co. Geyserville, Sonoma sweet wines (1 var.), brandy (1 var.). County Brandy (2 var.). Wehner, Wm Evergreen, S. Clara Co. White wines (4 var.). West, Geo. & Son Stockton White wines (2 var.), red wines (2 var.),. sweet wines (5 var.), brandy (4 var.). Wetmore, C. A Livermore White wines (3 var.), red wines (3 var.), sweet wines (1 var.). Zierngibl, Louis St. Helena, Napa Co... White wines (5 var.), red wines (4 var.), sweet wines (5 var.), brandy (2 var.). VITICULTURAL EXHIBIT, (Horticultural Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Albertz, F Cloverdale White wines (2 var.), red wines (2 var. sweet wines (5 van), brandj'^ (1 var.). Barton Estate Co Fresno White wines (2 van), red wines (I var. Beard, J. L — Warm Springs,, Ala- sweet wines (2 van), brandy (1 van). meda County White wines (1 van), red wines (2 van sweet wines (1 van). Ben Lomond Wine Co. San Francisco White wines (4 var.), red wines (2 van). Beringer Bros St. Helena, Isapa Co... White wines (3 var.), red wines (3 var. sweet wines (4 van), brandy (4 van). Billings, F. W Redwood City White wines (6 van), red wines (2 van). Boettcher, H. Los Angeles Wliite wines (Ivan), sweet wines (6 var. brandy (1 van). Brun, A. & Co Oakville .-. White wines (3 van), red wines (3 var. sweet wines (4 van). Carpy, C. & Co San Francisco White wines (2 van), red wines (3 var. sweet wines (2 van), brandy (1 van). Chanche, A. G Livermore White wines (4 van), red wines (3 van). Crabb, H. W. .- Oakville White wines (3 van), red wines (4 var. Crellin, J. & Sons Pleasanton, Alameda sweet wines (5 van), brandy (2 van). County White wines (4 var.), red wines (4 var.). Cupertino Wine Co. .— Mountain View.. White wines (2 van), red wines (2 van). Defafield, R. H Calistoga White wines (3 van), red wines (2 var. sweet wines (2 var.). De Turk, I. Santa Rosa White wines (2 van), red wines (3 van sweet wines (2 van), brandy (1 van). Eisen Vineyard Fresno. Sweet wines (4 van). Estee, M. M Napa White wines (4 van), red wines (2 van). Ewer & Atkinson Rutherford, Napa Co.. White wines (2 van), red wines (2 van sweet wines (2 van), brandy (1 van). Germain Fruit Co Los Angeles White wines (3 van), red wines (5 var. sweet wines (5 var.), brandy (2 van). Goodrich, E. E Santa Clara White wines (1 van), red wines (2 van sweet wines (1 van). Gundlach, J. & Co San Francisco White wines (4 van), red wines (4 var. Haesters, F. Wrights, Santa Clara sweet wines (7 van), brandy (3 van). County White wine (1 van). Hammond, C. M Upper Lake, Lake Co.. White wines (2 van), red wines (2 van). Haraszthy, A. & Co San Francisco White wines (4 var.), red wines (5 van sweet wines (6 van), sparkling wines (3 var.). Howes, C. P Mountain View White wines (2 van), red wines (1 van). Inglenook Vineyard. .. Rutherford White wines (5 van), red wines (4 var. Italian-Swiss Agricult- sweet wines (1 van), brandy (I van), ural Colony Asti, Sonoma County. White wines (10 van), red wmes (6 van sweet wines (4 van), brandy (1 van). Johnston, C. S. C Garvanza White wines (1 van), red wines (1 var. sweet wines (2 van). Korbel, F. & Bros. San Francisco White wines (6 van), red wines (2 var. sweet wines (2 van), brandy (1 van). REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 143 Viticultural Exhibit (Horticultural Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Lefranc, H.... San Jose - _ White wines (3 var.), red wines (2 var.), sweet wines (1 var.), sparlcling wines Los Gatos and Saratoga (2 var.), brandy (1 var.). Wine Co Los Gatos Wliite wines (2 var.), red wines (3 var.), sweet wines (2 var.), brandy (I var.). Margherita Vineyard.. Fresno. Sweet wines (4 var.). Mathews, Jos. ..1 Napa White wines (1 var.), red wines (1 var.), Mclver, C. C. Mission San Jos^, sweet wines (1 var.). Alameda County ... White wines (5 var.), red wines (3 var.), Merithew, J. C. West ^ide, Santa sweet wines (2 var.), brandy (1 var.). CJara County Eed wines (2 var.), sweet wines (2 var.)^ ■ brandy (1 var.). Migliavacca, G Napa Eed wiiies (2 var.), brandy (1 var.). Napa Valley Wine Co.. San Francisco — . White wines (6 var.), red wines (5 var.)^ sweet wines (5 var.), brandy (2 var.). Norman, Otto Howell Mt., Napa Co.. White wines (3 var.), red wines (2 var.). Palmtag, Wm Holiister White wines (2 var.), red wines (2 var.), sweet wines (2 var.), brandy (2 var.). Parrott, Tiburcio St. Helena .i White wines (4 var.), red wines (3 var.). Rose, L. J. Co San Gabriel, Los A. Co. Sweet wines (5 var.). [brandy (2 var.). Schrani, Jacob St. Helena White wines (-4 var.), red wines (2 var.). Smith, Julius P Livermore White wines (.5 var.), red wines (5 var.),. sweet wines (6 var.), brandy (3 var.). Steinike & Pruning Los Angeles Sweet wines (5 var.). Stewart, J. A Santa Cruz. White wines (3 var.), red wines (3 var). St. Hubert Vineyard... Fresno... White wines (2 var.), red wines (2 var.),. ! sweet wines (3 var.), brandy (1 var.). Wagoner, H. B Livermore White wines (2 var.), red wines (2 var.), Walden & Co — Geyserville, Sonoma sweet wines (1 var.), brandy (1 var.). County Brandy (2 var.). Wehner, Wm. Evergreen, S.Clara Co. White wines (4 var.). West, Geo. & Son Stockton White wines (2 var.), red wines (2 var.), sweet wines (5 var.), brandy (4 var.). Wetmore, C. A Livermore White wines (3 var.), red wines (3 var.), sweet wines (I var.). Zierngibl, Louis St. Helena White wines (5 var.), red wines (4 var.), sweet wines (5 var.), brandy (2 var.). TREES AND PLANTS Exhibited around and in the State Building. Exhibitor. Address. Trees or Plants. No. Allen, L. E San Diego Magnolia grandiflora _ 2 Yellow sweet jasmine 1 Baker, J. H.. Pasadena Loquat 1 Eose (La Marque) i Bushnell, F. L Pasadena Navel orange i Carter, T. L Los Angeles Fan palm (Chamgerops excelsa) 1 Chisholni, F Pasadena "Big tree" (Sequoia gigantea)... l Coronel, Mrs. A. F LosAngeles Loquat 3 Den, K. C Glen Annie Date palms (large) 2 Dillon, H. C. Long Beach Olive.. 1 Eaton, C. F.... Santa Barbara .. Banana 1 Century plant _ 2 (^lub palm (Dracena indivisa) 1 Coquito palm (Jubea sj)ectabilis). 2 Dragon tree (Dracena draco) l Lemon (Eureka) i Fan palm (Chamairops excelsa) ...27 Navel orange 4 Olive 1 Phfjenix tenuis (palm) 5 Sago palm (('yeas revoluta) 7 EscondidoW.F. Society Escondido Bougainvillea glabra 1 Heliotrope i Eoses (Lauretta and Luxembourg) 2 Fresno County Fresno Fan palm (Chamterops excelsa) 1 Japonica.. 1 144 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Trees and Plants around State Building— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Trees or Plants. No. Golden Gate Park San Francisco .- Acacia lophantha... 1 Century plant 2 Habrothamnus elegans — . 2 Lemon verbena 2 New Zealand flax, or flax lily 5 Pittosporum nigrum 9 Polygala (3 species) 9 Veronica (2 species) 6 Hastings, G. H LamandaPark.. European fan palm (Chamaerops humilis)... 1 Indian cedar . 1 Spanisli bayonet... 1 Yucca pendula 1 Humboldt County Eureka . Azalea... 7 Douglas fir 2 Huckleberry (Vaccinium ovatum).. 2 Redwood 1 Rhododendron 1 Salmon berry 1 "Wild lilac" 2 Hurlbut, E. F... Pasadena Laurustinus 1 Johnson, Mrs. Lutlier.. Otay Tree poppy (Romneya coulteri) 1 Knapp, E. J Santa Barbara.. IMediterranean sweet orange 2 Koster, Mrs. C Los Angeles Rose tree (white tea) 1 Los Angeles County Farm Los Angeles Navel orange .„ 1 Los Angeles County World's Fair Com.... Los Angeles Banana 2 " Bottle-brush " (Metrosideros robusta) 1 Callas (many) _ ';; Camphor.. 2 Canary Islands date palm (large) 1 Century plant 8 rinV. r.fllm«. i (Dracena australis) ....10 Club palms j (^racena indivisa) 1 Eucalyptus (3 species) 3 Fan palm (Chamserops excelsa) 14 Golden arbor-vitse 2 Japanese arbor-vitse (Retinospora) 1 Melaleuca buxifolia 1 Orange (Valencia) 2 Pinus densifolia 1 Rubber tree (Ficus australis) 1 Silvertree 1 ITmbrella tree.... 1 Yew (Taxus Dovastoni pendula) 1 Lukens, T. P Pasadena Fan palm (Washingtonia fllifera) 12 Nelmes, Thos. Pasadena Magnolia grandifiora.. 1 Pegg, E. N, Los Angeles Silk oak (Grevillea robusta) 1 Pepper 2 Richardson, C. H Pasadena "Bird of Paradise" 1 Rose tree ("ten varieties") 2 Strawberry guava 1 Rosenbaum,M Pasadena Century plant 2 Rose (Countess Riza du Pare) 1 Wigandia 1 Rust, H. N. & Son Pasadena Pate palm ■ 2 Lawson cypress 1 San Diego County W.F. Oleander 1 Committee San Diego Australian feather-palm (Seaforthia) 1 Banana 2 Canna Ehmanni 1 Century plant 1 Date palm (one large) 2 Euphorbia splendens 1 Fan palm (Washingtonia tilifera) ., 2 Jajianese paper tree (Aralia) 1 San Mateo County W. Sierculia acutifolia 1 F. Committee Redwood City .. Century plant 2 Date palm 1 Rubber tree (Ficus macrophyllum) 1 Scharff Bros South Pasadena. Shaddock 1 Sessions, Kate San Diego .. Rubber tree (Ficus macrophyllum) 1 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 145 Trees and Plants around State Building — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Sexton, Jos. & Son Santa Barbara Smith, Jag. Pasadena Spear, Mrs. S. D Los Angeles Stockwell, Mrs. John.. Los Angeles Story, F. Q. ^.. Alhambra .. Twogood & Cutter Riverside Wilde, Mrs. John Los Angeles Women's W. F. Society. San Diego Young, Mrs. E. E San Diego. Trees or Plants. No. . Blue palms (Brahea glauca, 1; Erythea armata, 1) - 2 Canary Islands date palm 8 Fan palms (Chamcerbps excelsa, 1; C. nepa- lensis, 2; Erythea edulis, 2) 5 Fourcroya 2 Monkey tree (Araucaria) 1 "Spanish bayonet" 3 -Pomegranate - 1 . Rose trees (Duchesse de Brabant, Grace Darling, La France, La Sylphide) 4 . Rose tree (Chinese montaftour) 1 . Date palm 1 .. Orange (Tangerine) 1 . Rose trees (La Pectole, Safrano) -. 2 . Century plant 2 Wigandia 1 . Fan palm (Washingtonia) 3 There were also a number of plants, the tags of which were missing or imperfect, so that the exhibitors' names could not be ascertained. These comprised Acacias, Agaves, Cypresses, Cryptomeria araucarioides, Ficus australis, Ficus bengalensis. Geraniums, "Laurel cinnamon," Laurustinus, Ligustrum, Sequoia gigantea (about three feet high), Torreya or Tumion Calif ornic una, and Yucca. TREES AND PLANTS Exhibited In tlie Horticultural Building (North Court and Southwest Curtain) and Midway Plaisance Nursery. No. Location. Exhibitor. Address. Ackerman & Co Chico Brown, Payne.- Chula Vista. Bushnell, F. L --- Pasadena ... Carter, T. L. Los Angeles Chisholm, F. Pasadena ... Copeland, H -.. Chula Vista- Den, N. C. Glen Annie. Dillon, H. C Long Beach. Dixon, B. F. & Son Escondido Driffill, J. A Pomona Eaton, C. F Santa Barbara Trees or Plants. ] Almonds (2 var.) Fig - - Prune (2 var.) -. Lemon (2 var.) Orange .-. Orange . Fan palm (Chamserops) Dracena indivisa (a club palm) .. Lemon.. Brahea edulis (a fan palm) Lemon _ Orange Orange Lemon (2 var.) Lime.. ._ Orange Orange (2 var.) j (Canary Islands date palm-... Club palm (Dracena mdivisa) Eucalyptus (E. citriodora) Fan palm (Chamserops excelsa)..;: Guava Japanese paper tree(aralia) Escondido Exhibit Escondido.. Fresno County Fresno Glover, Mrs. M. T Pasadena Golden Gate Park San Francisco • lOw Navel orange ■ Olive Pepper Silk oak (Grevillea robusta) Roses (14 var.^.-- - Canary Islands date palm Golden arbor-vitae (Thuja semper aurea) --- Magnolia grandiflora Yew (Taxus baccata, var. fasti- giata) Pomegranate ('alifomia lilac Ilabrothamnus elegans Nursery. Nursery. Nursery. Curtain. Curtain. Nursery. Nursery. Court. ■ Nursery. Redwood 6\- Nursery. Schulenberg, F.. Chollas Valley.. Sexton, Joseph & Son. Goleta Sickert, William Redwood City.. . Southern California World's Fair Ass'n.. Los Angeles Story, F. Q Alhambra Strawbridge, W. T Whittier Swayne, E.J . Paradise Valley. Twogood & Cutter Riverside White, C. E Pomona Whitemore, C. A Chula Vista Wiggins, F Whittier Wilson, Mr National City... Young, R. H San Diego Monterey cypress hedge (C. ma- crocarpa) ...800 [• Court. Date palm 3> Ct. &. N. Navel orange 1> Court. Lemon (Villa Franca). 2^ Nursery. Tangerine orange 4 l Ct. & N. Navel orange 5^ Ct. & N. Strawberry guava. '2> Court. Lisbon lemon 1> Court. Tangerine orange 1 > Nursery. Fan palm (Wasliingtonia) 1 j- S.W.Cur. STATE FISH EXHIBIT. (In California Building.) Family and Species. Locality. Bass F.\milt iSerra7iida:) — California sea-bass {Paralabrax clathratus). Monterey. Blanquillo Family (Latilidx) — California white-fish {Caulolatilus princeps) San Pedro. Caep Family {Cyprinidx) — Squaw-fisli or chappaul {Ptychocheihis Oregonensis) Sacramento River. Cod Family {Godidx) — California hake {Merluccius productus) San Pedro. Deum-Fish Family (ScixnidHi) — Black roncador {Sciasjia sattir7ia) San Pedro. California crosikev (Genyoneimis lineatus) ..San Francisco. Common roncador {Roncador stearnsi) .. San Pedro. Yellow-finned roncador (Umbrina roncador) ; San Pedro. Flodndkr Family (Pleuronectidie) — Clouded flounder {Lenidopsetta bilineata) ..San Francisco. Diamond flounder {nypsopsetta guttulata) ISIonterey. "English " sole (Eopsetta jordani) iSIonterey. Long-finned sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus) San Francisco. Long-nosed sole (Farophrys vetulus) ..San Francisco. Slippery sole (Microstomus pacificus) ..San Francisco. Speckled sole (Psettichthys meldnostictus) San Francisco. Maczbrkl Family (Scombridie) — California bonito (.Sarda chilensis) San Pedro. Chub mackerel (Scomber colias) Monterey. Pampaso Family (Carangidx) — Horse mackerel or scad {Trachurus symmetricus) Monte^e}^ PoRGY Family {Sparidx) — Banded sa^Tf^o {Anisotremus davidsoni) San Pedro. California blue fish (Girella nigricans) San Pedro. Halfmoon fish (Medialuna californiensis) San Pedro. Rock-Fish Family {Scorpxnidx) — Boccsicio {Sebaatodes paucispinis) Monterey. Brown rock-fish (Sebastodes auriculatus) Monterej'. Goode's rock-fish {Sebastodes goodei) Monterey. Long-spined rock-fish {Sebastodes vexillaris) Monterey. Red rock-fish {Sebastodes ruberrimus) San Francisco. Speckled priest-fish {Sebastodes melanops) San Francisco. Star-spotted rock-fish {Sebastodes constellatus) Monterey. Vermilion rock-fish {Sebastodes miniatus) Monterey. Yellow-backed rock-fish (Sebastodes maliger).. Monterey. Yellow-spotted rock-fish (Sebastodes nebulosus) Monterey. Yellow-tailed rock-fish (Sebastodes flavidiis) Monterey. 148 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Fish Exhibit (California Building)— Continued. Family and Species. Locality. Rock-Trout Family (Hexagrammidse)— Beshowe, or coal-tish {Anoplopoma fimbria) .IVfonterey. California rocic-trout, male and female (Hexagrammus decagrammus) Monterey. Cultus cod, or blue cod {OpModon elongatus). Monterey. Salmon F ami h^ (Salmonidse) — Blue-backed salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) San Francisco. Lalce Tahoe trout (Salmo mykiss henshawi) Lalce Tahoe. Quinnat salmon, male (Oncorhynchus tschawytscha) Sacramento River. Rainbow trout {Salmo gairdneri shasta) McCloud River, Shasta County. Steel-liead trout (Sabno gairdneri) Columbia River. ScuLPiN Family ( Cottidse) — Cabezon (Scorpxnichthys marmoratus) Monterey. Skate Family {Bajidx) — Common ('alifornia skate (iZaJa inornaia) _.San Francisco. SuNFiSH Family (Centrarchidse) — Sacramento perch {Archoplites interruptus) San Francisco. SuRF-FisH Family {JSmbiotocidx) — Al^one {Ehachochilus toxotes) San Francisco. Blue surf-fish {Embiotoca jacksoni) _ San Francisco. Silver surf-fish {Hyperprosopon agassizii) San Pedro. Striped surf-fish (Txmotoca lateralis) Monterey. Wali-ej'e surf-fish {Hyperprosopon argenteus) San Francisco. White surf-fish {Damalichthys argyrosomus) San Francisco. STATE FISH EXHIBIT. (In Fish and Fisheries Building.) Baeracuda Family {Sphyrxnidx) — Barracuda {Sphyrsena argentea). Bass Family (Serranidas) — Cabrilla {Paralabrax maculofasciatus). Jew-fish (Sterolepis qigas). "Johnny Verde" {Paralabrax nebulifer). Striped bass {Roccus lineatus), transplanted by United States Fish Commission. Blanquillo Family {Latilidx) — White-fish {Caulolatilus princeps). Carp Family {Gyvrinidse) — Colorado salmon or squaw-fish {Ptychocheilus lucius). Dkdm-Fish Family {Scisenidse) — Bagara (Menticirrus undulatus). Corvina {Cynoscion parvipinnis). Queen-fish (Seriphus politus). White sea-bass {Cynoscion nobilis). Flounder Family {Pleuronectidx) — Monterey halibut {Paralichthys calif ornicus.) Smooth tionnder {Xystre^lrys liolepis). Starry dounder {Platichthys stellatus). Haevkst-Fish Family {Stromal'eidx) — California pampano {Rhombus simillimus). Herring Family {Clupeidx) — California herring {Clupea pallasi). California sardine {Sardinia californica). Shad {Alosa sapidissima), transp"lanted by United States Fish Commission. Mackerel Family {Scombrida;) — Albacore or great tunny, from Monterey {Thunnus thynnus Linnaeus). Pampano Family {Carangidx)— Yellow tail {Seriola dorsalis). Pescb-Rey Family {Atherinidx) — "Smelt," pesce rey {Atherinopsis californiensis). RocK-FisH Family {Scorpxnidx) — Black rock-fish, pesce pretre or priest-fish {Sebastodes mystinus). Black and vellow rock-fish {Sebastodes chrysomelas). Corsair {Sebastodes rosaceus). Grass rock-fish {Sebastodes rastrelliger). Orange rock-fish (Sebastodes pin7iiger). Pesca vermiglia {Sebastodes chlorostictus). Reina {Sebastodes elongatus). Scorpene {Scorvxna guttata). Spanish Hag {Sebastodes rubrivinctus). Striped rock-fish {Sebastodes nigrocinctus). REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 149 Fish Exhibit (Fish and Fisheries Building)— Continued. Rock Cray-Fish Family {Palinuridx)— Sea crawfish (Panulirus). Salmon Family (Salmonidx) — Humpback salmon {Oncorhynchus qorhuscha) King salmon or Quinnat salmon (^dncorhynchus tsdiawytscha). Skatk Family (Rajidx)— Great ray {Raja binoculata). Sturgeon Family (Acipenseridx) — White sturgeon {Acipenser transmontanus). SuRF-P'isH Family (Emhiolocidx) — White surf-tish (Damalichthys argyrosomus). True Shark Family (G'aieiria')— Cat shark (Triahis semifasciatus). Wrassk-Fish Family (Labri'dx) — Fat head or black head {Trochocophus pulcher). STATE MINING EXHIBIT. (State Building.) Specimens Loaned by State Mining Bureau. Specimen. Mine or Place. County. Actinolite -. Colusa. Alum (native) Banner San Diego. Andalusite Moore's Flat Mariposa. Antimony, block .._ Bousheys iNline Kern. Antimony (native) (2) Hot Springs Kern. Antimony ore Alta Mine San Benito. Antimony ore Hollister.. San Benito. Antimony ore (stibnite) Cambria San Luis Obispo. Antimony ore Gilroy Santa Clara. Aragonite Sulphur Creek Colusa. Aragonite (3) San Luis Obispo. Aragonite ._. Siskij'ou. Aragonite slab (5) Suisun Solano. Aragonite Vacaville Solano. Asbestos.. Red Hill Butte. Asbestos Goodyear's Bar Sierra. Auriferous arsenical pyrite Cloud. Mine Calaveras. Auriferous gravel Spring Valley Mine Butte. Auriferous gravel Pioneer Mine Sierra. Auriferous gravel Bailey & Woods Mine ...... Siskiyou. Auriferous gravel Yreka Siskiyou. Auriferous hematite Rose Mine San Bernardino. Auriferous pyrites Golden Queen Mine Butte. Auriferous sand Gold Bluff Humboldt. Barite Mount Diablo Contra Costa. Barite Callahan's Ranch Siskiyou. Bernardinite (hydrocarboh) Lassen. Botryoidal calcite Bisniutite Deep Spring Valley Inyo. Boracic acid.. Kern. Borax (large refined crystal) Harmony Company San Bernardino. Calcite, pink Santa Catalina Island Los Angele.s. Calcite, white Santa Ana Orange. Caledonite Ygnacio Mine Tnyo. Calverite telluride of gold with free gold. Tuolumne. Chalcedony (3) Kapa. Chalcedony Manhattan Mine Napa. Chryso prase Tulare. Cinnabar and sulphur Sulphur Bank Lake. Cobalt ore San Gabriel Cafion Los Angeles. Colemanite and celestite ... Calico San Bernardino. Diatom aceous earth (electro-silicon) Dolomitic calcite New Almaden Mine Santa Clara. Epidote Eber Flat Tulare. Erythrite Compton Los Angeles. Feldspar, argentiferous White Line Mine Inyo. Fossiujaw of horse found under 8 feet of solid lava) Messenger Vallej- Calaveras. Fuchsite Arch Beach Orange. Garnet, andradite Tehachapi Kern. 150 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. State Mining Ezliibit (State Building)— Continued. Specimen. Mine or Place. County. Garnet, in schist.. Reed Eanch Marin. Gilsonite .- Santa Barbara. Gold bar model — the result of one run made in the North Bloomfield Mine. Weight, 6,V27^A Troy ; gold, 897 fine ; silver, 93. Total value, $114,280 72. The largest bar ever cast. North Bloomfield Mine Nevada. Gold in calcite Alvord Mine San Bernardino. Gold, placer -.. Spring Valley Mine Butte. Gold, placer Chapman & Fisher Mine Trinity. Gold, placer. Coyle Mine Trinity. Gold, placer Evans Mine Trinity. Gold, placer Haas Mine Trinity. Gold, placer Hatchet Creek Mine Trinity. Gold, placer Hunt & Ellison Mine Trinity. Gold, placer...... Ward Mine Trinity. Gold, placer Nevada Mine Nevada. Gold, placer Campbell Mine Siskiyou. Gold, placer Sands of Ocean Beach .. SanFrancisco. Gold slug ($50) of 1851, weighs 18 grains more than $50 present U. S. coinage Gold in hematite Our Flag Mine Calaveras. Gold — octahedral crystals on pyrite Gold in porphyry Banghart Mine Shasta. Gold in quartz Altaville Calaveras. Gold inquartz Martin Walling Mine Mariposa. Gold inquartz Nevada City Mine Nevada. Gold in cinnabar, sulphur, bitumen Manzanita Mine Colusa. Gold in leaf form, with quartz crystals... Jamestown Tuolumne. Gold quartz Bunker Hill Mine Amador. Gold quartz Clinton Consolidated Mine . Amador. Gold quartz Downs Mine Amador. Gold quartz Kennedy Mine Amador. Gold quartz North Star Mine Amador. Gold quartz South Spring Hill IMine Amador. Gold quartz (7) Stewart Mine Amador. Gold quartz Zeile Mine _ Amador. Gold quartz Gallagher Mine. Butte. Gold quartz Gold Bank Mine J^utte. Gold quartz Hazard Mine Butte. Gold quartz Adelaide Mine Calaveras. Gold quartz Boston Mine Calaveras. Gold quartz Cave City Mine Calaveras. Gold quartz Esmeralda Mine Calaveras. Gold quartz Sheep Ranch Mine _.. Calaveras. Gold quartz Venus Mine Calaveras. Gold quartz Clyde Mine Colusa. Gold quartz ■ i\Ianzanita Mine Colusa. Gold quartz INIonticello Mine Colusa. Gold quartz Alham bra Mine El Dorado. Gold quartz Big Tunnel Mine El Dorado. Gold quartz Cederburg Mine El Dorado. Gold quartz Near Georgetown El Dorado. Gold quartz Gold Run Mine El Dorado. Gold quartz Superior Mine Kl Dorado. Gold quartz Aboey Mine Fresno. Gold quartz Enterprise Mine Fresno, Gold quartz Hanover Mine Fresno. Gold quartz ^Morrow Mine Fresno. Gold quartz Potters Ridge Fresno. Gold quartz Railroad Flat Fresno. Gold quartz Texas Flat Mine. Fresno. Gold quartz (2) ]5everidge. Inyo. Gold quartz Big Blue Mine Kern. Gold quartz Kentuck Mine Kern. Gold quartz Evening Star Mine Lassen. Gold quartz Golden Belt Mine Lassen. Gold quartz Red Rover Mine Los Angeles. Gold quartz .Josephine Mine Mariposa. Gold quartz INIariposa. Gold quartz Tyro Mine Mariposa. Gold quartz Homer j\Iine IMono. Gold quartz Mono Mine Mono. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 151 State Mining Exhibit (State Building)— Continued. Specimen. Mine or Place. County. d quartz Porcupine Mine Mono. d quartz Standard Mine Mono. d quartz lUue Bell Mine Nevada. d quartz Blue Jay Mine Nevada. d quartz Chicago Mine Nevada. d quartz Crown Point Mine .. Nevada. d quartz Eagle Bird Mine Nevada. d quartz Empire Mine Nevada. d quartz Gold Quartz Mining Co Nevada d quartz (2) Idaho Mine Nevada. d quartz Mayflower Mine Nevada. d quartz Murchie Mine Nevada. d quartz North Banner Mine Nevada. d quartz North Star Mine Nevada. d quartz Pittsburg Mine Nevada. d quartz (2) Providence Mine Nevada. d quartz ^ W. Y. 0. D. Mine Nevada. d quartz Bellevue Mine Placer. d quartz BelvoirMine Placer. d quartz Boulder Mine Placer. d quartz ^ Butts Mine Placer. d quartz Doig Mine Placer. d quartz Monahan Mine Placer. d quartz St. Lawrence Mine... Placer. d quartz St. Patrick Mine Placer. d quartz Butte Bar Mine Plumas. d quartz Crescent Mine Plumas. d quartz Eureka Mine Plumas. d quartz Eureka Mills Mine Plumas. d quartz Indian Valley Mine Plumas. d quartz Nelson Mine Plumas. d quartz Prattville. Plumas. d quartz Rich Gulch Plumas. d quartz (2) Alvord Mine San Bernardino. d quartz Oro Grande Mine San Bernardino. d quartz Saragossa Mine San Bernardino. d quartz Antelope Mine San Diego. d quartz Carga Muchacha Mine San Diego. d quartz .• Cincinnati Belle Mine San Diego. d quartz Eureka Mine San Diego. d quartz Gold King Mine San Diego. d quartz ' Peterson Mine... San Diego. d quartz Ready Relief Mine San Diego. d quartz (2) Stonewall Mine San Diego. d quartz Black Bear Mine Shasta. d quartz Calumet Group Mine Shasta. d quartz Chandler-Smith Mine Shasta. d quartz Gladstone Mine Shasta. d quartz Juniper Mine Shasta. d quartz Mammoth Mine Shasta. d quartz Niagara Mine Shasta. d quartz Oak Consolidated Mine. ... Shasta. d quartz Ono Mine. Shasta. d quartz Reed Consolidated Mine Shasta. d quartz ... Reilly & Bliss Mine Shasta. d quartz Te.xas Consolidated Mine... Shasta. d quartz Uncle Sam Mine Shasta. d quartz Gold Bluff Mine. Sierra. d quartz . Sierra Buttes Mine Sierra. d quartz Young America Mine Sierra. d quartz Black Bear Mine Siskiyou. d quartz Columbia ISIine Siskiyou. d quartz Gold Ball Mine Siskiyou. d quartz Gold Run Mine Siskiyou. d quartz Schroeder & Werner Mine.. Siskiyou. d quartz Scott's Bar Mine Siskiyou. d quartz Brown Bear Mine Trinity. d quartz Buck Mine Trinity. d quartz lUilly Choop Mine Trinity. d quartz (Jumberlancl Mine Trinity. d quartz Gold Chest Mine Trinity. d quartz Alameda Mine Tuolumne. d quartz .\lhambra Mine Tuolumne. 162 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. State Mining Exhibit (State Building)— Continued. Bpecimeu. Mine or Place. County. Gold quartz _ Bonanza Mine Tuolumne. Gold quartz Golden Gate Aline _„ Tuolumne. Gold quartz Hyde Mine Tuolumne. Gold quartz — telluride and gold Neals' Mine Tuolumne. Gold quartz Newbaumer Mine Tuolumne. Gold quartz Pine Nut Mine Tuolumne. Gold quartz Piatt & Gilson Mine Tuolumne. Gold quartz Rising Sun Mine Tuolumne. Gold quartz San Guiseppa Mine Tuolumne. Gold quartz (3) ..- Soulsby Mine Tuolumne. Gold quartz ... Hibbert & Burns Mine Yuba. Graphite _.. -. Potrero San Diego. Graphite Tuolumne. lonite --- _-. lone Valley Amador. Iron ore (chromite) Tyson Mines.. Del Norte. Linarite --. Cerro Gordo Inyo. Magnesite Santa Cruz. Magnetite Sierra Iron Mine Company . Plumas. Manganese ore Milton ..,.. Calaveras. Manganese ore San Francisco City San Francisco. Manganese ore Caire Mine San Joaquin. Marble (Kimball slab)... „ San Diego. Marble, "Verde antique " Kimball Mariposite Mariposa. Metacinnabarite Redington Mine Lake. Metacinnabarite San Joaquin Ranch Orange. Mica, contorted Temecula Cafion San Diego. Molybdenite Tom Neal Mountain Shasta. Molybdenite in granite Campo San Diego. Nuggets, models of Oregon Canon and Butte Valley. Obsidian Trinity. Opal (Hyalite var.) Lake. Opal wood Cow Creek... Shasta. Opalized wood Duryea Mine Calaveras. Opalized wood Bennett Valley Sonoma. Partzite Comanche Mine Mono. Pebbles... Beach at Crescent City Del Norte. Pectolite Santa Barbara. Phallic emblem Mojave Desert Los Angeles. Phallic emblem Pope Valley Napa. Phallic emblem Pescadero San Mateo. Platin-iridium.. Beach sands of "Gold Bluff.. Humboldt. Platinum Chapman & Fisher Mine Trinity. Platinum Old Eagle Mine. Trinity. Pumice or lava Near Mount Shasta Siskiyou. Pumice stone Mono Lake Mono. Pyrite Knox & Osborne Mine Calaveras. Quartz (amethyst) Bodie Mono. Quartz crystal and pyrites El Dorado. Quartz and talc Calistoga ._ Napa. Quicksilver ore (2). Bradford Mine Lake. Quicksilver ore Etna Mine Napa. Quicksilver ore Napa Cons. Mine Napa. Quicksilver New Idria Mine San Benito. Quicksilver ore McCarthy Mine (Devisadero and McAllister Streets)... San Francisco. Quicksilver ore Guadalupe Mine... Santa Clara. Quicksilver ore New Almaden Mine Santa Clara. Quicksilver ore Great Eastern Mine Sonoma. Quicksilver (native mercury) Rattlesnake Mine Sonoma. Quicksilver ore AltoonaMine Trinity. Report of State Mineralogist, Tenth An- nual Roscoelite Coloma El Dorado. Rubellite.. — San Diego. Salt (by solar evaporation) Salton San Diego. Saponite (soap rock) Ventura. Satin spar Amargosa River Inyo. Selenite slab Susanville Lassen. Selenite Santa Barbara. Silicified wood Nevad% City Nevada. Silicified wood. Nevada. Silver ore -. Ibex Mine Inyo. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 163 State Mining Exhibit (State Building) — Continued. Specimen. Mine or Place. County. Silver ore Eainbow iline Inyo. Silver ore - Richmond Mine Inyo. Silver ore Occidental Mine Kern. Silver ore ... Kerrick Mine Mono, Silver ore lilountGibbs ]Mono. Silver ore Oro Mine Mono. Silver ore.. Alhambra Mine. San Bernardino. Silver ore Bonanza Mine .-. San 15ernardino. Silver ore Gambetta Mine San Bernardino. Silver ore King Mine San Bernardino. Silver ore Waterloo Mine - San Bernardino. Silver ore Chico Mine Shasta. Silver ore (arg. galena) Igo -. _ Shasta. Silver ore. Iron Mountain Shasta. Silver ore Delano Mine Tulare. Silver ore Lady Emma Mine Tulare. Silver ore.. ^ Tioga District Tuolumne. Steatite Lewis ]\Iariposa. Steatite Tule River.. -. Tulare. Stibnite (2) Gypsy Mine San Benito. Stone Hoolv .-_ Hook'town Humboldt. Sulphur, native Bakersheld Kern. Sulphur, native.. Sulphur Bank Lake. Talc -- San Bernardino, Talc Tom Neal Mountain _. Shasta. Thinolite Mono Lake Mono. Tin ore Temescal San Bernardino. Tin, cryst __. Cajalco Mine San Bernardino. Tourmaline (black) Lee District. Inyo. TJlexite Death Valley Inyo. Wollastonite Hunting Creek Caiion Lake. Butte County. Actinolite Butte. , Arsenical pyrites Butte. Auriferous red earth (1 bottle) Butte. Black sand (1 bottle) Butte. Calcite Butte. Chromite.. Butte. "Concentrates" (1 bottle) Butte. Copper ore Butte. Cuprous and gold-bearing quartz Butte. Fire clay Butte. Gold, fine (1 phial) Cherokee Butte. Gold ores (6 spec.)... Butte. Gold quartz (2 spec.) Butte. Gold quartz (2 pes.) Defiance Mine Butte. Gold quartz Oregon City Butte. Gold quartz Yankee Hill Buite. Gold quartz, sulphurets (3 spec.) Butte. Gold and silver ore Butte. Gold, silver, copper (galena) Butte. Gold in washed quartz gravel. Defiance Mine Butte. Gyv)sum Pentz Butte. Heileplinite Butte. Hematite (3 spec.).. Butte. Iron ore (2 spec.) Butte. Marble Pentz Butte. Ochre, red (2 spec.) Butte. Petrified manzanita Butte. Petrified white oak Butte. Platina grains (1 phial) Spring Valley H. Mine Butte. Pyrolusite (4 spec.) Butte. Quartz (5 spec.) Butte. Quartz Strange Mine Butte. Quartz and gold... Butte. Quartz with telluride (4 spec.) . Butte. Silicate of manganese Butte. Slate and free gold Butte. Stibnite Butte. Sulphurets (1 bottle) Butte. Sulphurets of iron (1 bottle) Butte. 154 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. State Milling Exhltoit (State Building)— Continued. Specimen. Mine or Place. County. Sulphurets, cube Butte. Sulphurets, red (1 bottle) Butte. Talc with gold and silver (3 spec.) Butte. Wall rock Diadem Mine.. Butte. Calaveras County. Gold in hematite Calaveras. Colton Marble Co. Marble (6 slabs) - _ San Bernardino. John Daggett. Gold quartz (5) _.. Black Bear Mine. Siskiyou. lack Bear Mine Siskiyou. rock (hanging and foot) Scott's Bar Mine Siskiyou. rock (hanging and foot) Sliroeder & Werner Mine Siskiyou. rock (hanging and foot) Little Gem Mine Trinity. rock (hanging and foot) P.onanza Mine _. Tuolumne. rock - Rising Sun Mine Tuolumne. Wall rock (granite country rock) Soulsbyville Mine Tuolumne. llw. 162 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. State Mining Exhibit (Mines and Mining Building) — Continued. Specimen. Mine or Place. County. Zinc ore Raymond Mine Fresno. Zinc ore Menio Park San Mateo. Zinc ore Mineral King Mine Tulare. State Mining Bureau — Miscellaneous. Irelan, Lena San Francisco Book on pottery ^ clays, etc. Petersdorff, C. F. V San Francisco.. Bookon Min. Re- sources of Cal, B. F. Barton & Co. Solar salt Alvarado Alameda. Blodget & Co. Asphaltum Bakersfield Kern. Thomas Boyson. sS^i^r:::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::! s°y^«°'^Q^^^^y--- ^°^a^°^- Butte County. Gold in washed quartz gravel Defiance Mine Butte. Gold quartz (2 spec.) Defiance Mine Butte. Gold quartz (1 spec.) Oregon City Butte. Gold quartz (4 spec.) Yankee Hill Butte. Colton Marble Co. Marble -. San Bernardino-.- John Daggett. Gold quartz (8 spec.) Black Bear Mine Siskiyou. Gold quartz Cal. Queen, Cottonwood Dist. Siskiyou. Gold quartz (10 spec.) Doe & Daggett Mine Siskiyou. Gold quartz Live Yankee Mine J. Z. Davis. Diamonds, perfect octahedron, with modi- fied planes showing 24 edges, weight Iff carats -. Volcano Amador. Diamonds (2) North Bloomfi eld Mine Nevada. Diamond found at mouth of South Fork of the Yuba River in 1850, weight §f carats. Yuba River.. Gold, crystallized, in quartz (10 spec.) Mariposa. Gold, crystallized, white quartz Nigger Hill Tuolumne. Gold, in leaf form Nigger Hill Tuolumne. P. Deidesheimer. Model of mine-timbering. S. W. Dorsey and A. Tregidgo. Gold quartz Idaho Mine Nevada. A. C. Hamilton. Model of mine-timbering. J. D. Hoff. Asbestos — Inyo Marble Co. Marble - -- - Inyo. Eesseler Bros. Onyx - --- - - San Luis Obispo, REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 163 State Mining Ezlxibit (Mines and Mining Building)— Continued. R. McMurray. Specimen. Mine or Place. County. Auriferous gravel North Bloomfield Mine Nevada. Gold in quartz (12 specimens) Delhi Mine .. Nevada. Gold nugget ($140)..- Delhi Mine Nevada. Mathison Smelting Co. Antimony (6 large cakes) San Francisco. Moody & Sherwood. Fuse-cap fastener Fresno. Orange County. Carbonate of lead (W. S. Morrow) Orange. Galena 1 Santiago District Orange. Galena (10 specimens), J. W. Shirley Orange. Quicksilver ore (J. W. Shirley) Orange. Silver ore (J. W. Shirley) Orange. Plumas County (S. S. Taylor). Gold dust (6 phials) Plumas. Gold, placer (4 nuggets) La Porte Plumas. Gold quartz (1 large, 5 small pieces) Plumas. Plummer Bros. Salt Alameda. San Bernardino County. Silver-copper ores(20 specimens) San Bernardino Shasta County. Country rock ... Igo District Shasta, Galena (5 spec). Cow Creek... Shasta. Gold ore ■ Connor Mine Shasta. Gold ore Dayton Shasta. Gold ore Empire Mine Shasta. Gold ore Gray Eagle Shasta. Gold ore Little Nellie Shasta. Gold ore Midnight Shasta. Gold ore.. Mountain Queen. Shasta. Gold ore Nigger Mine Shasta. Gold ore Pfeiffe Shasta. Gold ore Reed Mine Shasta. Magnetic iron Arbuckle District Shasta. Silver ore Richmond Mine Shasta. Silver ore Uncle Sam Mine. Shasta. Wall rock Old Diggings Shasta. Union Oil Company. Asphaltum Ventura. Petroleum Ventura. Illuminating and lubricating oils Santa Paula Ventura. G. A. Wilson. Quartz with free gold (2 spec.) Fresno. 164 REPOET OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. (State Building.) From the Department of Education Statistical chart, showing educational growth of State by decades, from 1860 to 1892. State series of text-books, made under the supervision of the State Board of Education, with samples of work in their publication. Reports of Superintendents of Public In- struction, with official blanks, etc. County Administration ...Forms of county registers, accounts, and reports; courses of study ; circulars and blanks. University of California, Berkeley Photographs of campus, buildings, military company, etc. Lick Observatory (Astronomical Department of University of California) Pho- tographs of Mount Hamilton, location of Observatory; photographs of heavenly bodies, taken through the great Lick telescope. State Normal School, San Jos6. Photographs of buildings and grounds; interior photographs of classes at work ; specimens of school work, especially of manual training; statistical record. State Normal School, Los Angeles... Photographs of buildings and grounds; in- terior photographs of classes at work ; reports of principal ; statistical record, etc. County Exhibits. Alameda Statistical chart, in decades; relief map of county; work of pupils in High, Grammar, Intermediate, and Primary Schools ; work, entire, of one typical village school (Temescal school). Butte ..Statistical chart; maps. Colusa ...Statistical chart; relief map; written work of pupils; mineral and other collections. Contra Costa Statistical chart ; relief map; written work of pupils. El Dorado. ...Statistical chart, Fresno - .Statistical chart. Glenn - Statistical chart ; relief map, Humboldt Statistical chart; relief map; entomological collection; written work of pupils. Lake . Statistical chart. Los Angeles.. Statistical chart; relief map and photographic maps; written work of pupils ; exhibit of drawing. Marin Statistical chart; relief maps; written work of pupils. Mariposa Statistical chart. Monterey Statistical chart; written work of pupils. Napa Statistical chart; relief map; written work of pupils. Nevada Statistical chart. Orange . . Statistical chart. Placer -^ Statistical chart; relief map. Sacramento - Statistical chart. San Benito Statistical chart; map. San Diego Statistical chart ; relief maps ; large entomological collection, classi- fied and named ; drawings ; samples carpentry ; written work of pupils. San Joaquin ..Statistical chart; relief map. San Luis Obispo Statistical chart; relief map. San Mateo Statistical chart. Santa Barbara ..Herbarium of State; relief map. Santa Clara Statistical chart ; relief map ; photographs ; written work of pupils. Shasta Statistical chart ; relief map; written work of pupils. Sierra.. Statistical chart ; relief map ; written work of pupils. Siskiyou — - .- Statistical chart. Sonoma Statistical chart ; relief map; written work and drawings by pupils. Tehama Statistical chart ; relief map; photographs; written work of pupils. Tuolumne ..Statistical chart. Ventura Statistical chart; relief map; written work of pupils; photograph of first white teacher in California now living in county. City Exhibits. Los Angeles Statistical chart; drawings. Oakland Statistical chart; mechanical and architectural drawing; charcoal sketching ; pen caricatures ; written work of pupils, in all grades, bound in volumes. San Francisco - — Statistical chart. San Jos6 Statistical chart ; map of city; book of photographs ; written work of pupils in all grades. Stockton Statistical chart; written work of pupils. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 165 Educational ExMblt (S^ate Building) — Continued. Public and Private Kindergartens. Golden Gate Kindergarten Association, San Francisco(36 schools) Photographs of buildings, rooms, typical pupils, classes; full line of children's work; reports of Mrs. Sarah B. Cooper; photographs of Leland Stanford, Jr., and Lester Norris, in memory of whom many of the kindergartens were endowed. Silver Street Kindergarten, San Francisco Work of children ; reports. Humboldt County Work of chifdren. San Diego City Color charts; work of children. Emma Marwedel, Berkelej^ Form, color, number, and language charts; inven- tions by children; books and papers explaining system. Charities and Corrections Charts of penal, reformatory, and eleemosynary insti- tutions under State, county, municipal, and private control. Home for Adult Blind, Oakland Baskets, beadwork, brooms, rugs, etc. Home for Feeble-Minded Children, Glen Ellen School work; clay modeling; wood carving ; lace and embroidery work ; shoes. Private Institutions. Cogswell Polytechnic College Pupils' work in wood and iron; wood carving; mechanical drawings ; designing; modeling; sewing, etc. Mark Hopkins Institute of Art Drawings from life; photograph of Institute. Leland Stanford Jr. University Kelief mapof Palo Alto, location of University; photographs of campus, of Mr. and Mrs. Stanford (the founders), of Leland Stanford, Jr., m memory of whom the University was founded and endowed ; reports. Mills College Photographs of buildings, rooms, and campus. STATE EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT. (Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. State of California Sacramento General educational statistics of California (painted on redwood board 7 by 4 feet), giv- ing number of public schools, pupils, teach- ers employed, average monthly salaries, assessed .valuation of all property in State, valuation of school property, amount ex- pended for school purposes, etc.; also com- parative tables giving these statistics for each census, beginning with 1860. Alameda County Oakland Chart 19 by 24 inches, giving educational sta- tistics as above for Alameda County. Butte County Oroville Statist Colusa County Colusa Statist Contra Costa County.. Martinez Statist: El Dorado County Placerville Statist Fresno County Fresno.. Statist Glenn County Willows Statist Humboldt County Eureka Statist Lake County Lakeport Statist Los Angeles County... Los Angeles Statist Marin Countj' San Rafael Statist Mariposa County Mariposa Statist Monterey County Salinas Statist Napa County.. Napa Statist Nevada County.. Nevada City Statist Orange County Santa Ana Statist Placer County Auburn Statist Sacramento County Sacramento Statist; San Benito County Hollister ... Statist San Diego County San Diego Statist San Joaquin County... Stockton... Statist S. Luis Obispo County. San Luis Obispo Statist San Mateo (Jounty Redwood (,'ity .. Statist Santa Barbara County. Santa Barbara .. Statist Santa Clara County ... San Jos^.. Statist Shasta County Redding Statist Sierra County Downieville Statist Siskiyou County Yreka Statist Sonoma County Santa Rosa Statist Tehama County Red Bluff Statist Tuolumne County Sonora Statist Ventura County.. S.Buenaventura Statist cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart. cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart, cal chart. 166 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. WOOD AND FORESTRY EXHIBIT. (State Building.) Common Name. Botanical Name. No. of Each Variety. Acacia 2 Acacia (black) Pithecolobian flexicante 1 Ash (California) Fraxinus Oregana 3 Alder... - Alnus rubra 2 Azalea Rhododendron Californicum 1 Birch Betula occidentalis 1 Buckberry 1 Buckeye JSsculus Calif ornica 1 Campfior Laurus camphora. 2 Castor bean Ricinus communis 1 Cedar (red) Tliuya gigantea 2 Cedar (Spanish) Cedrus atlanticus-__ 1 Cedar (white) Libocedrus decurrens 3 Cherry Prunus serotina 1 Chestnut Castanea _ 1 Chitam wood .._ Rhamnus Purshiana 1 Coffee tree Rhamnus Calif ornica 2 Cottonwood Populus Fremontii 2 Cypress (Monterey) Cupressus macrocarpa 2 Elder Sambucus glauca 1 Elm - ITlmus 1 Eucalyptus... Eucalyptus globulus 2 Fig.-I Ficus 1 Fir Abies grandis 1 Furze Ulex Europaea 1 Hemlock Tsuga Mertensiana 1 Laurel Umbelk^laria Californica 1 Lemon Citrus limonum 1 Lilac Ceanothus thyrsiflorus 1 Locust -- Robinia pseud-acacia 1 Madrona Arbutus Menziesii 3 Magnolia ilagnolia _. 1 Mahogany (mountain ) Cercocarpus parvifolius 1 Manzanita Arctostaphylos pungens 2 Maple Acer macrophyllum 3 Mesquite (black) Prosopis 1 Myrtle Myrica Californica 2 Nutmeg Torreya Californica 2 Oak (black) Quercus Kelloggii 2 Oak (hickory) Quercus chrysolepis 2 Oak (live) Quercus agrifolia 2 Oak (maul) Quercus chrysolepis . 1 Oak (poison)-. Rhus diversiloba . 1 Oak (red) Quercus Kelloggii 1 Oak (tan bark) Quercus densiflora 1 Oak(white) Quercus lobata 2 Olive Olea Europea 1 Orange Citrus aurantium 1 Pear Pyrus communis 1 Pepper tree Schinus molle 1 Pine (bull) I'inus Sabiniana 1 Pine (Monterey) Pinus insignis 1 Pine (sugar) Pinus Lambertiana 2 Pine (yellow) Pinus ponderosa 1 Primavera 1 Redwood Sequoia sempervirens 5 Rubber Ficus elastica.. I Salmon berry Rubus spectabilis 1 Sequoia ("Big Tree") Sequoia gigantea 2 Spruce 2 Spruce (Douglas) l^seudo-tsuga Douglasii 2 Svcamore Platanus racemosa 2 Thorn (white) . Crattegus 1 Walnut (California) .Tuglans Californica... 4 Yew Taxus brevifolia 2 KEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION, 167 WOOD AND FORESTRY EXHIBIT. (Forestry Building.) Common Name. Botanical Name. No. of Each Variety. Acacia 3 Acacia (black) Pithecolobian flexicante 3 Alder Alnus rubra 2 Ash (California) Fraxinus Oregana 5 Azalea _ Khododendron Californicum 1 Birch Betula occidentalis 1 Buckberry - 1 Buckeye Esculus Californica 2 Camphor kaurus camphora - 4 Castor bean lUcinus communis 1.-- 1 Cedar (red)... Thuya gigantea.- 3 Cedar (Spanish) Cedrus atlanticus - 2 Cedar (white) Libocedrus decurrens 6 Cherry (wild) Prunus serotina 1 Chestnut (^astanea 1 •Chitam wood Rhamnus Purshiana 2 Coffee tree Rhamnus Californica... 3 Cottonwood Populus Freinontii 3 Cypress (Monterej') Cupressus macrocarpa 3 Elder Sambucus glauca 2 Elm Ulmus 2 Eucalyptus Eucalyptus globulus 3 Fig - -. Ficus .- 2 Eir Abies grandis-. : .-. 2 Eurze... Ulex Europsea 1 Hemlock Tsuga Mertensiana 1 Laurel Umbellularia Californica 6 Lemon Citrus limonum 1 Lilac - Ceanothus thj'-rsiflorus 1 Locust-. Robinia pseud-acacia 2 31adrona .Vrbutus Menziesii 6 Magnolia Magnolia 1 IMahogany (mountain) Cercocarpus parvifoliua... 1 Manzanita Arctostaphylos pungens. 4 JMaple Acer macrophyllum 6 Mesquite (black) Prosopis 1 Myrtle' Myrica Californica. 4 Kutmeg Torreya Californica 4 Oak (black) Quercus Kelloggii . 4 Oak (hickory) Quercus chrysolepis 4 Oak (live) ^^uercus agrifolia 5 Oak (maul) (Quercus chrysolepis 2 Oak (poison) Rlius diversiloba ... 1 Oak (red) Quercus Kelloggii 2 Oak (tan bark) _ (Quercus densiflora 2 Oak (white) (Quercus lobata 4 Olive < )lea Europea.. 1 Orange Citrus aurantium 2 Pear Pyrus communis 2 Pepper tree Schinus moUe 2 Pine (bull) i'inus Sabiniana... 1 Pine (Monterey) Pinus insignis 1 Pine (sugar) _. I'inus Lambertiana 2 Pine (yellow) Pinus ponderosa 2 Priniavera 2 Redwood Sequoia sempervirens 10 Rubber Ficus elastica 2 Salmon berry Rubus spectabilis 1 Sequoia ("Big Tree ") Sequoia gigantea 4 Spruce - 3 Spruce (Douglas) Pseudo-tsuga Douglasii 4 Sycamore Platanus racemosa 4 Thorn (white) Crata?gus 1 Walnut (California) .Tuglans Californica 8 Yew... Taxus brevifolia 4 168 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. ART EXHIBIT. (State Building.) Unless otherwise specified, all works of art mentioned are paintings, and were hung in the Art Gallery. Artist. Address. Ames, Albert Ashmead, Miss M... Los Angeles.. Bender, Sarah E.__ San Francisco Bond, Mrs. J. Dalton Bradshaw. Mrs. N. . Los Angeles .. Brookes, Samuel M. (deceased) Brown, Mrs. M. S. San Jos^. Bush, Norton (deceased) Butler, Miss F. San Francisco .. Carlsen, Emil (Now in N. Y.). Carpenter, Louise M _ Berkeley, Cal... Chittenden, Alice B San Francisco . Coan, Helen E Los Angeles . Coulter, W. A. Sausalito, Cal. Crannell, Charles . Davisson, Mary Williams St. Helena, Cal... Duval, Miss F. E... Los Angeles Farr, Ellen B Pasadena, Cal Fischer, Hugo San Francisco Ford, Henry Chapman (deceased) Francisco, J. Bond Los Angeles .. Froelich, Maren E San Francisco Hahn, Wm. (deceased) Heath, F.L. --- Santa Cruz, Cal. Hill, Thomas - Wawona, Cal... Hnbaeck, Wm.. San Francisco Exhibit. . " Fresh from the Vineyard." - "California Peaches." .. "Tea Hoses." .. "Grandmamma." - "Auld Wife." (Loaned by the Los Angeles School of Design.) . "Study of Fish." . "Study instill Life." . "Adrift on a Lee-Shore." "Rio Obispo, Isthmus of Panama."" " Stormy Day at the Seal Rocks."" (Entrance to the Bay of San Francisco.) . Collection of 150 water-color paint- ings, representing 600 studies^ of the native flora of Califor- nia. (West Gallery.) . "Still Life." (Owned by the San Francisco Art Association.) . "California Grapes." "Curio-Study." (From nature.) . "Red Roses." " Royal Chrysanthemums." . "Pomegranates." [cisco."" . "View of the Bay of San Fran- . Ornamental frame, containing: 15,833 pieces of wood inlaid — - "La France Roses." [46 varieties, "Still Life Study." (From nature.) "Study of California Water- " Yellow Roses." [melon."" .. "California Pears." .. "Indian Native Baskets." . [ates."" "Southern California Pomegran- -. "Returning to the Fold." (Loaned by Mrs. Kate E. Johnson, San lYancisco.) .. Twenty-four etchings of the old Missions of California. (Gal- lery and offices — east side.) .. "Artistic Outfit." " Dead as a Door-nail." "Watching and Waiting." -. "A Merchant-street Poultry Stand,, San Francisco." "Japanese Musical Instruments.'" .. "Native California Vaqueros." "Return from the Hunt." .. "Nature's Architecture." "View of the City of Santa Cruz, California." (East Gallery.) .. "California." A scene near Lo» Gatos. (Loaned by Mrs. Wm, Lyle, San Francisco.) "Driving the Last Spike of the Central and Union Pacific Rail- roads, with Portraits of all Prominent Persons present at the time." (West Gallery.) "Muir Glacier, Alaska." "The Grizzly Giant." Largest tree in the world. (Panel.) "Wawona." Gateway to Yo- semite Valley and Mariposa Grove of Big Trees. (Central picture.) . "Big Tree, Wawona." (Panel.) "Yosemite Valley from Inspira- tion Point." "Marechal Niel Roses." REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 169 Art Exhibit (State Building)— Continued. Artist. Irwin, Benoni._ Address. (NowinN. Y.).. Joullin, Amadee San Francisco .. Jodson, Charles E Fruitvale, Cal.. Keith, Wm. San Francisco . King, Mrs. L. M Ktmath, Oscar.. San Francisco Lash, Lee... San Francisco Lattimer, L. P. San Francisco Ludovici, Julius Los Angeles McCormick, M. Evelyn.. San Francisco McElroy. Miss J. R San Francisco McFarland, Miss E San Francisco Mathews, Arthur F. San Francisco Moore, H. Humphrey.. (Now in Paris) ... Nahl, Charles C. (deceased). Narjot, Ernest San Francisco... NichoU, Miss M.E.. San Francisco O'Kane, Eegina Painter, Mrs. Julia E. Briggs Los Angeles Patterson, Martha San Francisco Pebbles, Frank M (Now in Chicago) Peck, Orrin San Francisco Peixotto, Ernest C. San Francisco Pierce, W. H. C Oakland, Cal Reed & Gross Chicago Richardson, Mary Curtis San Francisco Rosenthal, Toby E (Now in Munich). Takahashi, K San Francisco.. Exhibit. "The Attic Philosopher." (Loaned by Capt. Chas. Uoodall.) "Offering to the Gods." (A Chi- nese scene.) "Worshiping Joss." (Loaned by the Bohemian Club of San Francisco.) [France." "Scene on the South Coast of "California Oaks." "Early Moonrise." "In the High Sierras." (Loaned by P. B. Wight.) " Stormy Day in Sonoma County." "The Deep, Somber Woods." "The Glory of the Heavens." "A Symphony." "Norton the First, Emperor of the United States and Protector of Mexico." (A familiar character in San Francisco during pio- neer days.) [Century." "Venetian Lady of the Sixteenth "Old Sailor's Home." [color.) "A California Creek." (Water- "In the Redwoods." (Water-color.) "Misty Morning.'' "Portrait of a Lady." (Owner, "Waiting." [Alice Ames.) "Afternoon at Giverny." "Morning — Old San Luis Rey "Scene in France." [Mission." "Still Life Study— Music." "Tropical Fruits." "Study." (Boy's head.) "Pleasant Reflections." (Loaned by James D. Phelan, San Fran- " Preparing for Market." [cisco.) "The Royal Minstrels Amusing the Moorish King of Granada." "Sunday in California, in the Olden Days." (Loaned by Mrs. K. R. Best, San Francisco.) " Chinese Procession in San Fran- cisco." "Mexican Indian Dance." [ture.) "Study of Still Life." (From na- " California Grapes." "The Poinsettia.' [yard." "A Bright Glimpse from the Vine- " Red Roses." " Portrait." "His Eminence, the Cardinal." "A Cold Day in November." Three water-color paintings. (In offices of Commission.) Seven large paintings of Califor- nian scenes (placed on north and east walls of gallery), viz.: " Christmas at Pasadena," " San Francisco Harbor and Golden Gate," "Leland Stanford's "Vineyard, Vina," "Interior of Stanford's Winery, Vina," "Leland Stanford Jr. Univer- sity, Palo Alto," "New Year's at Hotel Del Monte, Mon- terey," " Irrigation at the Kern "Constance." [Delta." "The Seminary Alarmed." (Loaned by Mrs. Hermann Oelrichs, New York.) " In the Woods." (Water-color.) "Scene in Marin County, Cal." 170 KEPORT OF world's PAIR COMMISSION. Art Exhibit (State Building)— Continued. Artist. Address. Exhibit. Takahashi, K San Francisco "Sonoma County Landscape." "Still Life Study." (LoanedbySan Francisco Art Association.) Tavernier, Jules (deceased) _ "Volcano of Kilauea — Hawaiian Islands." (Exliibited by the Oceanic Steamship Co., San Francisco. East Gallery.) Torry, Eugene Pasadena, Cal "Dreaming at the Seaside." (Water-color.) [color.) " Morning in the Fields." (Water- Wall, Miss Lou San Francisco "Chinese Belle." " Grandpapa." "Morning Psalm." Williams, Virgil (deceased) "Fisherman of Capri, Italy." Wores, Theodore San Francisco " Dancing Girls of Kiota, Japan." "Temple of Sheba, Tokio, Japan." (Loaned by Mrs. Kate E. John- son, San Francisco.) [terey." Yelland, R. D. .Oakland, Cal "Moonrise on the Bay of Mon- " Scene in San Mateo, Cal." There were also exhibited along the walls of the East Gallery, near the offices of the ■Commission: A collection of 48 photographic views of California scenery, plain and colored, by W. H. Jackson of Denver. A series of 22 views in the Hawaiian Islands, in sepia and colored photographs. Three oil paintings of scenes in the Islands of the Pacific. (Exhibited by Oceanic Steamship Co., San Francisco.) A collection of 8 large colored photographs of Alaskan scenery and steamships. (Exhibited by the Pacific Coast Steamship Co., San Francisco.) An early map (with key) showing a bird's-eye view of San Francisco and the Bay. In the offices of the Commission and the Governor's room were the following: Two panoramic views of San Francisco. (Loaned by the Taber Photographic Co., San Francisco.) One etching of San Francisco in 1853. (Loaned by James D. Phelan.) Large photograph of Hon. H. H. Markham, Governor of California. Two large colored views of the California State Building at Jackson Park, Chicago, 1S93. Photographic views of the exterior and interior of the California Building. Miscellaneous collection of photographs of prominent people connected with the history of California. HISTORICAL EXHIBIT. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Adam, J. --- Los Angeles Oil painting, "Roxas," oldest Mission Indian; died recently near Santa Cruz, aged 123 years. Allison, Olaf... Bakersfield Photographs — Godey, General Fremont's chief guide, and historical gun, formerly property Arneke, A. F San Francisco... Ancient Bible, dated 1725. [of same. Bell, Horace Los Angeles Large collection of Spanish documents bearing upon early history of California, translated • for this exhibit. Bot, Joaquin San Gabriel Curiously carved cane, Mexican workmanship; photographs of the Mission and historic palms. pug for carrying water. Boyle, T. --. Bakersfield Large collection of Indian baskets, "and woven Canfield, W Bakersfield Large stone mortar and pestle, Indian work- Chamber of Commerce Los Angeles Stuffed pelican. [raanship. Chamber of Commerce San Diego Indian mortar; cannon ball from the bottom Clark,W.S Long Beach Collection of photographs, [of San Diego Bay. Coronel, A. and M Los Angeles ]\Iodelof San Luis Key Mission (S feet long). Daggett, John San Francisco... Complete collection of Indian curios, compris- ing wearing apparel, ornaments, games, food products so arranged as to illustrate methods of procuring and preparing same, Indian baskets, stone and elk-horn utensils, fish nets, bows and arrows with fox-skin quiver, ob- sidian from which arrow points are made, money with elk-horn purse, pipes, comb, caps, baby baskets, etc. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 171 Historical Exhibit (State Building) — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. De Lano, Mrs. J. W. ..- San Francisco... Lincoln relic, presented by Laura Keene. Drury, J. S Bakersfield Fossil tootli, petrification, unearthed at a depth of 40 feet near Bakersfield. Elliot, E _ Santa Barbara .. Collection of Indian stone mortars, pestles, and rings, and Indian skulls from H&n Nico- las Island. [blacksmiths. Egan, E Capistrano .Iron weapons and utensils made by Indian Farr, Ellen B. Pasadena One large Indian painting on mat. Ford, Henry Chapman Santa Barbara .. Collection of paintings (24 water colors) of all the California missions. Foster, Marco Capistrano Original manuscript of Father Junipero Serra; old Spanish blunderbuss. Gonzalez, J. C Los Angeles Elaborately carved bureau, containing 2,500 pieces of orange wood. Hart, Mary E Los Angeles Collection of feather hair-ornaments of Cali- fornia Digger Indians; adobe brick from Sutter's Fort ; tepee. Henderson, T. B. Los Angeles Collection of photographs. Historical Society of Southern California . Los Angeles Life-size portrait of Governor Pio Pico; collec- tion of framed engravings ; Spanish docu- ments; Indian soapstone vases, ollas, etc. Kan-Koo Los Angeles Collection of Indian baskets; Mexican pot- tery ; Indian rain-god, etc. Kelly, Miss M... San Francisco .. Marshall relics— original manuscript. Kelting, M. .- Colton Collection of pioneer relics. Liebene, Father Los Angeles ... Fourteen paintings, "Stations of the Cross," work of early Indian converts. Ludovici, J Los Angeles Oil painting—" Fremont accepting command of settlers under Bear Flag." McLeod, Ed. L. .- Bakersfield Collection of Indian baskets (especially fine McLeod, Mrs. L. E. Los A. School of [work). Art & Design.. Portrait of Catrina Flores, and oil painting of an old Mexican home. Mission San Fernando. San Fernando... Ancient carved bench, work of Indian con- verts, formerly used in the Mission. Mission San Gabriel... San Gabriel Original door, with brass bearing; altar candle- stick, and tile from Mission. Mission San Juan Cap.. Capistrano Wheel chime, made by Indian converts; plumb weight used in building Mission, etc. Mission Santa Cruz... Santa Cruz Note-book used by Indian choir. Mission Ventura Ventura Section of joist from Mission. Otis, H. G.. Los Angeles Photograph of Pio Pico, steel engraving, etc. Phelan, James D. San Francisco .. Collection of paintings and engravings of San Francisco, illustrating the city's growth from 1846 to 1893. Pico, Pio.-- Los Angeles Spanish embroidered wedding garment and ancient muffler. Rogers, F. San Pedro Petrifactions, stone mortars, etc. Rogers, Mrs. L. S Bakersfield Old-time Mexican plow. Shooter, Thomas Los Angeles Exhibit embracing four branches of science, viz.: botany, conchology, entomology, and or- Steckel, G Los Angeles Collection of photographs. [nithology. Wade, H. K Los Angeles Large photogravures of the Missions. Wolf skill, J os6 Los Angeles Two oil paintings, "Typical Spanish Homes" of Southern California. Wolfskill, Elena Los Angeles Spanish drawn work, done by Mission Indians; Spanish mantilla; Mexican pottery; Indian baskets; wood carving, etc. "WOMAN'S DEPARTMENT. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Alameda Co. Ladies' Board.. Alameda ^Mirror, frame, and easel (carved by Miss Perrine, of Oakland); onyx clock and redwood mantel (designed" by Auxiliary Board of Lady Managers, Alameda); embroidered picture (" Columbus before Ferdinand and Isabella "), executed by Sisters of Notre Dame. 172 REPORT OP world's FAIR COMMISSION. Woman's Department (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Bailey, C. P San Jos^ .- Angora nigs. Baker, Mrs. L. Oakland Oil painting — portraitof Mrs. P. D. Brown. Bent, Geo. P Chicago Upright piano. [darned netting. Berry, Miss M. H Fresno Fancy apron, bedspreads, and shams in Boyce, W. D Berkeley.- Redwood burl, polished disk. [plates. Breed, Mrs. A. H... ..Oakland Hand-nainted china, salad bowl, and Brier, Rose Oakland Carved" redwood easel. [Marwedel. Brodt, Helen T. ...Oakland.. Oil painting — portrait of Miss Emma Brown, Mrs Oakland Embroidered tray-cloths. Brown, Mary S San Jose „ Oil paintings—" Basketof Peaches"; "La France Roses " ; "Basketof Cherries"; "Watermelon"; "Panel of Salmona Bruenn, M. E Oakland Oil painting — "Grapes." [Roses." Buena Vista Par., N. D. G. W. San Francisco .. Embroidered screen. Busch & Wocker San Francisco .. Oil painting — "Flora and Cupids." Calhoun, Eleanor Paris Photograph of Eleanor Calhoun (loaned at request of Lady Managers). California Parlor, N. D. G. W. Sacramento Jardiniere, painted in California poppies, by Edith Hughson. Casey, Katherine M. Los Angeles Water color paintings — "San Juan CapiS' Clapp, Alva M Lodi trano Mission.' OU paintings— "Magnolia"; "St. Joseph Lilies"; "Chrysanthemums"; "Peaches and Grapes." [Girl.' Coates, Ida San Jos6 Oil paintings — "Ideal Head"; "Greek Cole, KateE Oakland Oil paintings — native flora (plaques and booklets). Cole, N. P San Francisco .. Silk window-seat, with painted esch- Collins, Mrs. M. E San Jose Embroidered sofa cushion. [scholtzia. Decorative Art Association.. Santa Cruz . . .. Case of sea-shells and mosses. Derby, Marian A. _ Baird Doll's underwear. De Young, Mrs. M. H San Francisco Carpet. Douglas, Emily ... Nevada City Drawn work — shams and handkerchiefs. Edgerly, Miss San Francisco .. Hand-painted jardiniere— California pop- pies. Farnam, S Water color painting — marine view. Farr, Ellen B Pasadena Indian mats; oil paintings — "Pomegran- ates ;" "California Poppies." Ferguson, Robino Alameda... Silk embroidery. Fish, Mrs. F. A Benicia Water color paintings — California birds. Fisher, Mrs. Will E San Francisco .. Hand-painted jardiniere — roses. Francis, Louise E Castroville Drawn work — portieres, by Mexican women of Monterey. Gillespie, Miss San Jos6 Redwood panel — California poppies. Graham Decorative Art Co... San Francisco.. - Embroidered portiere (poppies); screen Hall, Miss Alameda Hand-painted china. [(cactus). Harmon, Annie E Oakland Oil paintings — " Study in Green ;" "Scene Hornung, C. C San Francisco... Upright piano. [on Alameda Creek." Hudson, Grace Ukiah Oil paintings — "Little Mendocino"; "The Interrupted Bath." Inyo Marble Company Inyo County Marble pedestal. [yard." Irving, Mrs. M. K Colfax Oil painting — "A Corner in the Vine- Jenkins, Mrs. W. F Los Angeles Tapestry needlework — "Weighing the Deer"; "Surrender of Mary, Queen of Scots." [Lovers." Johnson, Kate E San Francisco .. Oil painting by C. Kahler— "My Wife's Keith, Eliza D San Francisco... Poem for silk banner. Kimball, Flora M National City... Drawn work — handkerchiefs and nap- kins from Indian school of San Jacinto. Kirk, Mrs. William Oakland Cocoons and silk in frame of native Kohlberg,Strauss&Frohman San Francisco .. Embroidered sofa cushion. [woods. Krebs, Mrs. H San Francisco .. Tapestry — "Scene in the Harem." Lang, Mrs. F. M Alameda Oil paintings — "Chrysanthemums, Hol- lyhocks, Marigolds, Nasturtiums;" hand-painted tiles. Long, Ida Oakland Stained-glass window. Lowden, Mrs. M. W Weaverville Darned netting. McCormick, M. Evelyn Los Angeles Oil painting — "San Luis Rey Mission." McHenry, Mrs. A. E^ Oakland Embroidered sofa pillow; cactus drape. Mangenberg, Mrs. A. Santa Cruz Tapestry needlework. Mathieu, Marianne.. San Francisco .. Watercolor paintings— Collection of Call. Mihran, M.B San Francisco .. Turkish rugs. [fornia wildflowers. Mills, Mrs. James Santa Cruz Pacific Coast algse. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 173 Woman's Department (State Building) — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Monterey County... Monterey Case of sea-shells and mosses collected Nathan & Dohrmann San Francisco .. Piano lamp. [by Louise E. Francis. Neal, Mrs. Vincent San Rafael Hand-painted China plates, platter, and Newman & Levinson San Francisco .. Embroidered sofa cushion. [tureen. Nourse, Maude San Jos^ Oil painting — "Vase and Poppies." [land. O'Hara, Lilian San Francisco .. Poker etchmg— portrait of Grover Cleve- Parkhurst, Mrs. M. L Alameda Oil painting — "California Poppies." Pendleton, Mrs. Jasper C Oakland Silk embroidery. Rahlves, A.. Westport Inlaid table of native woods. Rea, Carrie M Salinas Drawn work; silk drape. Reeves, Miss L. F. Ukiah ...Oil paintings (200) ot native flora on native woods ; painted table-spread. Rogers, Mrs. L. S Bakersfield Foot-rest, ramie embroidery. Sanderson, Mrs. M. B Paris Portrait of Sybil Sanderson by L. L. Rob- bins, loaned at request of Lady Man- Schomberg & Co Los Gatos Redwood piano. [agers. Shoaff, Elizabeth San Francisco .. Hand-painted jardiniere. Shreve, G. C. & Co. San Francisco .. Fleur-de-lis — silver pitcher. Sloane, W. & J. eans, corn, table fruit. Hare, Mrs. J. D Kingsburg Table fruits, jellies. Harp, ;Mrs. L Kingsburg Table fruits, jellies. [serves. Harris, A Fowler Peaches, pears, plums, nectarines, jelly, pre- Harrison, Mrs.- Oleander. Plums, jellies. Hatch, L. H Hedge Row Apricots, plums, raisins. Henmick, A Kingsburg (irapes, jellies. Holmburg, Mrs Kingsburg Pampas plumes, jelly. Hopkins, Miss <.)leander Pampas plumes, jellies. Howard, Mrs. Ella Fresno.. Embroidered drape. Hughes, Edward Malaga Peaches, grapes. Hughes, T. E. Fresno Peaches, pears, grapes, raisins. Hughes, Mrs. T. E. Fresno Almonds, table fruit, jelly. Hughes, William Fresno.. Oats (8 ft. high). Jamison, James Fresno. Barley (bald and bearded). Jensen, Hans Fresno C)nioris, dried fruits. Johnson, G. A Kingsburg Almonds, fruits, jellies. Jonsen, Mrs ^Malaga Prunes, jellies, nuts. Kazangian, H. "W Fresno .\pricots, raisins. Kelly, Mrs. J. H Elm Avenue Plums, raisins. Kelly, M Fresno Raisins. Kelly, — CentralColony.. Peaches, raisins. King, Mrs. J. A Kingsburg Jellj'-, table fruit. King, S. M. Kingsburg Jelly, pampas plumes. Knight, Mrs. G. Kingsburg Jelly, fruits, nuts. La Comas Ranch Grapes, nectarines, raisins. La Rue, J. H Malaga Peaches, plums, table fruit, jelly. Lange, O. 0. Fresno Peaches, pears, raisins. Lacom, F Selma Grapes, raisins. Leask, Mrs. L. Fowler Figs (fresh and dried). Leavis, M Selma Pampas plumes. Leavis, ^Irs Kingsburg i'^ruits, apples. Loucks, A Kingsburg Table fruits, jelly, beans. Madsen, H.. CentralColony.. I'aisins. Maker, G. H Maltermord .... Wines, photographs. Manlove, Mrs. L. .Selma Pears, peaches, jelly. Manlove, M. R. Selma ^\'ild juums, jellies. Marshall & Wilson Fresno Lemons, peaches. Martin, Mrs. W. T Kingsburg 'J'able fruit, jelly. ^laxwell, Mrs. Y. Y Kingsburg 'J'able fruits, jellies. McAllister, Dr. P>esuo Needlework, painting. McCormick, — Washington Prunes, apricots, grapes, raisins. McLaughlin, Carl Oleander Jellies. [jellies. McLean, Lennie Malaga Nectarines, almonds, walnuts, grapes, raisins, Mitchel, W. Oleander... Apples, peaches. Mitrovich, S. N Fresno I'igs. ^Miller, .Mrs. A. M Kingsburg ^ Taijle fruit, jelly. Moller, Max Central Colonj'.. Ciranes, raisins, corn. Morrison, Mrs. R. D — Kingsburg Table fruit, jelly. 12w 178 EEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Fresno County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Mudd, H. L Kingsburg Table fruit, jelly. Nevins, Mrs. G Oleander Peaches, pears, dried fruits, nuts. Norris, Mrs. C. H Fowler Grapes, raisins, table fruit, jellies. Papna, — Kingsburg Table fruit, jelly. Parkhurst, Mrs Fowler Figs, peaches, pears. Parkhurst, D. N Fowler Dried fruits, nectarines. Parsons, Kate Fresno Jellies, table fruit. Paulsen, M. Wash'gton Coiy Grapes, raisins. Peel, Mrs Central Colony.. Blackberries, raisins. Perriman, G. E Kingsburg Table fruit, jelly. Peverill, G. S Kingsburg Jellies, table fruits. Phillips, M Kingsburg Pampas plumes, jelly. Phillips, Mrs. H Oleander Table fruit, jelly. Plecker, W Selma Dried fruits, nuts. Potter, Mrs. W. Kingsburg Table fruits, dates. Producers'PackingCo Commercial exhibit of raisins. Purvis, Mrs. J. W Kingsburg Table fruits, jellies. Quinlin, M Central Colony.. Persimmons, quinces, raisins. Reeder, Jacob Fresno Tobacco. Rhea, Mrs. R West Park Plums, nectarines, preserved fruits, jellies. Rhodes, A Kingsburg Table fruits, jellies. Rhodes, Mrs. E Kingsburg Table fruits, jellies. Riggs, Mrs. R. T Fresno Pampas plumes, jelly. Ritchie, Mrs. Fresno Colony.. Peaches, pears, cherries, grapes. Roeding, Geo. Fancher Creek.. Grapes in solution (50var.), pears (7 var.), olives (8 var. for table use), japonica plant, palms, umbrella tree, Wellington gigantea, cypress tree, weeping elm, ash, and 500 trees dormant to show growth at one year. Rodgers, E. A... Margherita Grapes, peaches, pears, wines. Rolf it Son Central Colony.. Raisins. Rosendahl, — Selma Almonds, pampas plumes. Rowell, Mrs. E. R Selma Almonds, walnuts. Rush, Mrs. M. C ..- Madera Table fruits, raisins. Saunders, W. A Kingsburg Apples, peaches, pears, plums,olives, nectarines. Schronce, Mrs. R. E Kingsburg Table fruits, jellies. Shadle, Mrs. A. J. Kingsburg Table fruit, jellies. Shannon, Mrs. C. M Kingsburg Table fruit, pampas plumes. Short, Mrs. J. W. Fresno Painting of wildHowers. Smith & McArdle Pine Ridge Siigar pine plank, 15 feet long, 50 inches wide Smith, Mrs. A. D Kingsburg Table fruit, jellies. Smith, Mrs. B. A Kingsburg Table fruit, jelly. Smith, B. K La Vina Grapes, raisins. Smith, Mrs. B. S Madera Plums, peaches, jelly. Smith, Mrs. J. E Kingsburg Table fruit, jelly. Smith, Mrs. Julia F Fresno.. Table fruit, jelly. Smith, J. M Selma Dried fruit, jellies. Smith, S. A Kingsburg Persimmons, jellies. Smith, T. B Selma English walnuts. Spear, J. H Kingsburg Table fruit, jellies. Spencer, — Fresno Painting of Kings River Canon. Steinwald, Mrs Oranges. Stevens, E. M.. Kingsburg Table fruit, jellies. Studer, Geo. Central Colony.. Grapes (5 var.). Studer, INIrs. Central Colony.. Table fruit, raisins. Taft, S. M Central Colony.. Peaches, raisins. Terrill, Mrs Selma Pomegranates, apples. Thusen, M Central Colony.. Raisins. Tierney, Mrs. D. Fowler Preserves, marmalades. Tinin, Mrs. J. W Fresno Table fruit, jellies. Trowbridge, Mrs. D. S.. Fowler Table fruit, jelly. Wall, J. M. Malaga Plums, peaches, pears. Wall, Y. 0. Malaga Grapes, raisins. Warden, W. W Kingsburg Table fruit, nuts. Ware, M. Kingsburg Table fruit, jelly. Wells, J. T Sanger Almonds, jellies. West, L. C. Madera Grapes. Whitsen, Mrs. J. E Selma Preserved fruit, jelly. Wildennuth, M Kingsburg Table fruit, jelly. Williams, W. M... Fresno Peaches, pears. Williamson, C. CentralColony.. Grapes, peaches. Wilson, D. M CentralColony.. Apricots, grapes, raisins. Wilson, H. M Fresno .'... Pears, raisins. REPORT OF AVORLD's FAIR COMMISSION. 179 Fresno County (State Building) — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Wilson, Mrs. D. M. Central Colony. _ Dried fruits. Winchel, Lil. Fresno Views of Kings River Caiion. Winters, E. E, West Park Peaches, prunes, plums. Withhouse, J. F Wash'gton Col'y Raisins, pears, etc. Yost, Thomas Fresno Corn, grapes, ligs, map of Fresno County, HUMBOLDT COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Anderson, J Hydesville Oats, wheat. Barber, G. C Grizzly Bluff Dried apples. Barksdull, E Table Bluff Peas. Bearding, A Ferndale Persimmons in fluid; black walnuts. Bendixon Shipyard Fair Haven Ship decking and sheathing. Boyd, Mr Mattole Apples in fluid. Brezee, I Fortuna Barley. Briggs, G Rohnerville Peas. Brown, J. B Eureka Copper ore. Bryant, R Fortuna Lentils. Buttle, Mrs Ferndale Beans (2 var.). Close, H Eureka Coal; ores — gold, iron, silver. Cottrell& Gebbert Eureka Redwood burl; cabinet of burl and lavirel. Dennis, S -. Ferndale Canary seed, flax seed. Densraore, W Alton Barley (2 var.), oats (2 var.), sweet peas. Develin,T Areata Leather (2 sorts). Dickson, C. C Swauger Stock carrots in fluid. Dobbyns, W. B Rohnerville Beans. [in fluid. Dodge, J. C Eureka. Carrots, cauliflower, parsnips, and raspberries, Dudley, G. G The Island Barley. Dunn, G Ferndale Lima beans. East, J. R Sandy Prairie. .- Peas (2 var.). Engelman, C. T Fair Haven Tobacco (3 var.). Ericson, J. Swauger Peas. Erikson, M Swauger Beans. Fay & Sidney Eureka Redwood curios, and 100 burl panels. Ferrara, J Eureka Steelhead trout in alcohol. Greeves, J. B Ferndale. Beets in fluid. Haley, C. -. Table Bluff Popcorn (2 var.). Halej^, E Table Bluff Beans (8 var.), beets, cabbage, carrots, cauli- Haley, Mrs. E Table Bluff Jellies (13 var.). [flower, and turnips in fluid. Hansel, A Dyerville . Prunes. Hart, Mrs. P. H Ferndale Apple ielly. Herrick, F. E Eureka Ground cherries in fluid; berry jams (2 var.). Herrick, Frank. Eureka Cabinet of gems and minerals. Herrick, G. D Swauger Collection Indian relics — stone and bone uten- sils, weapons, Ashing tackle, etc.; heads and horns of deer, elk. Rocky Mountain sheep, etc.; grizzly bear and panther stuffed ; bear, elk-horn, and whalebone chairs; shells and petrifactions. Herrick, R. F. Swauger Seeds— clover, grass, etc. (9 var.). [(6 var.). Herrick, Mrs. R. F Swauger Flowering beans; dried fruits (3 var.), iellies Humboldt County Eureka Trees and shrubs— azalea, ceanothus, cranberry, Douglas spruce, huckleberry, Oregon grape, redwoods, rhododendron, salal, salmon-berry, and 16 varieties of brakes and ferns. Hurlbert, Mrs laqua Apples in fluid. Johnston, J. J.. laqua Oats, wheat. Korbel & Co Korbel... Specimens of native woods (30 var.). Lamb Bros Bald Hills Oats in sheaf and threshed (2 var.). [peas. Legg, C Swauger Barley,oats, and wheat— in sheaf and threshed; Long, Mrs. Beatrice Vetches. Loveren, J. G Eureka Lumber, clapboards, and fancy shingles. McKee, F Shelter Cove. ... Box, table, and fancy woods — laurel, madrone, McNeal, Mrs Rohnerville Prune jelly. [and maple. Mahoney, Mr Blue Lake Apples (2 var.) in fluid. Manon, J. T Rohnerville Ajjples (2 var.) in fluid; oats (2 var.); wheat. Manon, Mrs ..- Rohnerville Jellies (14 var.). Minor, I. Warren Creek Rustic chair. Monroe, J. P. Eureka Mineral water. 180 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Humboldt County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Morrison, Mr. Camp Grant Pears in fluid. Myers, A Dyerville Sweet potatoes in fluid. Myers, S. D. Dyerville Peaches and pears (2 var.) in fluid. Newman, J. J Hydesville Peaches in fluid. Nickerson, W. H. Fair Haven Tobacco (3 var.). Noe, Mr Beatrice Apples in fluid. Nye, Mr Areata Beets and carrots in fluid. O'Neil, J. --- Garberville Petroleum. Pacific Lumber Co Scotia -. Laurel and redwood planks. Painter, Mrs Rio Dell Peas. Parker, Miss Ferndale Octopus. Peterson, H Eel River Hemp seed. Phelin, Mrs. - Table Bluff Jellies (3 var.). Pinkerton, R Baj^side Potatoes in fluid. Redmond, Dr Eureka Agate; gold nugget and ore. Robinson, B. Grizzly Bluff ... Peas. Robinson, 0. E Grizzly Bluff ... Peas (5 var.). Roscoe, W. F.. Upper Mattole.. Apples in fluid. j Rossow, M Bald Mountain. Potatoes in fluid. Savage, Mr Trinidad Agates, wool. Scott, Mr Eureka Apples in fluid. Shields, T Petrolia Apiples in fluid. Shively, W. B Pepperwood Corn; peaches in fluid. Silva, J Table Bluff Italian oats. Simons, A Grizzly Bluff Oats (2 var.). Skinner, Mr... Phillipsville Apples (2var.) in fluid. Smith, H Eel River Almonds. [fluid. Stagmyre, C.H Phillipsville Corn; dried fruits (6 var.); apples (2 var.) in Stevenson & Monkin.. Blue Lake Potatoes in fluid. Stoddard, 0. L The Island Beans (2 var.), peas (3 var.), wheat (3 var.). Sweasey, Mrs. R Eureka Apples in fluid. Sweet, Mr Ferndale... Smoked salmon. Thompson & Son Alton Drain tile. Tierney, W. Table Bluff Oats in sheaf and threshed. Tilly, Mr. Areata Rustic chair. Tower, Job Coffee Creek Onions in fluid ; peas (2 var.). Williams, O Phillipsville Pears (3 var.) in fluid. Wood, P. J Garberville Pears in fluid. Woodcock, G.. Rohnerville Beans (2 var.). KERN COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Adilress. Exhibit. Alameda Farm Bakersfield Egyptian corn (2 var.), Persian hemp. Andrews, W. W Bakersfield Fruits in solution — raspberries, strawberries. Asher, J .- Tehachapi Barley. Bacon, T. K... Bakersfield Peaches in solution. Beale, General Tejon Ranch Oranges in solution; dried figs; wheat. Beardsley, Mrs. L. A... Bakersfield Oranges in solution. Blodget, H. A. Bakersfield Fruits in solution — apricots, cherries, figs (3 var.), peaches (2 var.), plums ; dried figs and peaches ; almonds ; chestnuts. Blodget&Co Bakersfield Asphalt, crude asphaltum (block, 1 ton), as- phalt paint, asphalt varnish, maltha. Brite, J. M. Tehachapi Apples in solution; potatoes. Brower, C Bakersfield Fruits in solution — apricots, grapes (3 var.), French prunes (2 var.), figs, (2 var.); dried apricots and French prunes ; grapevine (i year's growth, 35 feet), walnuts (2 var.). Brown, Andrew - Kernville Apples in solution. Brunton, Mr. Bakersfield Raspberries in solution. Buckles, H. H... Bakersfield Ores and minerals — copper and silver ore, cot- ton-boll borax, granite, cobalt, lead, silver, and nickel; pumice stone; potter's clay ; sul- ]>hate of sodi^im. Buena Yista Farm Bakersfield Grapes in solution; wheat in sheaf. Buhn, S Tehachapi Apples in solution. Burnett, ^Ir Bakersfield Peanuts. [tarines. Camidge, W. J Bakersfield Fruits in solution — apricots, figs, lemons, nec- Castro, P. Bakersfield ISIe.xican corn. [broomcorn. Chester Ranch ..Bakersfield Fruits in solution — pears (2 var.), prunes; REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 181 Eern County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Courtney & Taylor Poso "\\ heat. Crusoe, C. W .. Bakerstiekl Dried peaches. Dagetts, George Bakersliekl Olives in solution. Davenport, ^^ Bakerstiekl Almonds. Day, C. E Bakerstield Corn. Donerty, W. J.-- Bakerslield Honey. Drury, J. S Bakerstield Eamie. Duncan & Stoner Ixosedale "Wheat. Frazier, W. AV. Bakerstield Fruits in solution — apricots, peaches, plums (2 var.); dried pears and peaches; sugar cane Freer, T. J Bakerstield Apricots in solution. [(2 var.). Greene, P. D. Bakerstield Salt. Greenlields Ranch Bakerstield Fruits in solution — grapes (8 var.), nectarines, prunes, plums (2 var.), pears (2 var.); dried French prunes; almonds, pecan nuts; beans (1-1 var.). Hart, M Tehachapi Wheat. [prune, peach. Hunt Bros. Bakerstield Kursery stock — aspen, Carolina poplar, French Hunter, J. ]M.- Bakerstield Nectarines — in solution and dried. Jewett, H. A. Bakerslield Fruits in solution — apricots, cherries, figs (2 var.),nectarines, peaches; almonds, chestnuts. Jewett, P. S Bakersfield Oranges in solution ; walnuts. Jewett, Solomon Bakersfield Fruits in solution — tigs, pears, plums, quinces; Kern Co. Experimental walnuts ; wool (1 fieece). Farm ..- Bakersfield Cereals (40 var.) in sheaf. Kern Co. Land Co Bakerstield Gypsum, sulphur. [nuts. Kingsley, S. B Bakerstield Fruits in solution — peaches (4 var.), pears ; wal- Kinney Ranch Bakersfield Fruits in solution — crabapples, plums. Klipstein, H. W Bakersfield Fruits in solution — figs and nectarines; dried Klipstein, Mrs. H. W... Bakersfield Peach chips. [nectarines. La Corona Vineyard... Bakersfield Grapes in solution. Lakeside Ranch. Bakerstield Fruits in solution — apricots, grapes, plums (2 var.), prunes (2 var.); dried prunes. Lowell, H. A Bakersfield Fruits in solution — nectarines, peaches, pears, plums; dried fruits— peaches (2 var.), plums. ^IcKee, Milo Bakersfield Cotton plant. McLane Ranch Bakersfield Crabapples (2 var.) in solution. McLeod, E. M Bakersfield Fruits in solution — apricots, nectarines, prunes, plums (2 var.); dried prunes; beans (2 var.); Marchmeyer, Mr Weed Patch Wheat. [Egyptian corn ; millet. Miller & Lux Bakersfield Pears in solution. jSIaul, C. A... Bakersfield Fruits-in solution — nectarines, peaches (2 var.); Meyers, J. Bakersfield Grapes in solution. [dried peaches (2var.). Nofris, E. T Bakersfield Plums in solution. [(3 var.). O'Hare, Peter Bakersfield Fruits in solution^figs, prunes (2 var.), pears Panama Ranch Bakersfield .. .. Pears in solution (2 var.). I'arks, H. C. Bakersfield Fruits in solution — nectarines(4 var.), peaches; dried fruits — nectarines (4 var.), peaches. Perrin, W. A Poso Wheat in sneaf. Peters & Simmons Bakersfield Egpytian corn. Poso Ranch Poso Egyptian corn. Price, J Bakersfield Apricots in solution. Pyle, D. M. Bakersfield Grapes in solution ; raisins. Randall, Phil Bakersfield Fruits in solution — apricots, cherries, prunes, plums, pears (5 var.), quinces; dried fruits; Raymond, G. A Miramonte Dried figs. [almonds (3 var.). Rooerts, Lydia Bakersfield Plums in solution. Rosedale Packing Co... Rosedale Col'y .. Raisins. Rosedale Raisin Vine- yard Co -. Rosedale Col'y. . Raisins. Sample, Robt Poso Broomcorn, Egyptian corn; sorghum. San Emidgio Ranch San Emidgio Oranges (2 vai'.) in solution ; olives. Sherman, C. E Bakersfield Gold; native antimony. Spangle Bros Rosedale Wheat. Stockdale Ranch Bakersfield Fruits in solution — apricots, figs, oranges, pears (2 var.), quinces ; pecan nuts; palm seed. Stockton, C. C Bakersfield Apricots in solution. Swain, E Bakersfield Pears in solution. Wible, S. W Bakersfield Dried peaches. Woody, S. W.. Woody Apples. Wright Bros Poso.. Wheat in sheaf. Wyatt, ilrs. Mark Kernville Apples in solution. 182 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. LOS ANGELES COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Abbott Bros. Eivera Oranges (2 var.). Adams, J. B Alhanibra Lemons (2 var.). Altman, L. A. --. Los Angeles Peaches in solution. Andrews, J. Signal Hill . ... Plums in solution. Armstrong, H. L Pomona Oranges (2 var.). Ayers, W. E... Tropico Jelly (5 var.). Backus, P. 0. - Pomona Oranges (2 var.). Baker, Mrs. J. H. Pasadena Jelly (2 var.); loqtiat trees. Baker, Wm. R Pasadena Dried fruits — apples, apricots (2 var.), plums, and prunes; desiccated vegetables. Banbury, J. W. Pasadena Oranges. Bandle, E.. , Burbank.. Corn on stalk. Bangle, J Los Angeles English walnuts. Barber, B. T Antelope Valley Soil. Barnett, A Whittier Honey — comb and extracted. Barton, S. W Whittier.. Corn. Baruch & Woodbridge. Los Angeles Fertilizers. Bean, C. Fred Alhambra Fresh limes and oranges; pears in solution. Bequette, L. L Rivera English walnuts. Bigsby, C. Whittier Corn. Bishop & Co. Los Angeles Crystallized fruit in variety ; fruit tablets. Bixby, Mrs. C Long Beach Jellies and jams in variety. Blanchard, J. M Sunland Almonds. Bliss Bros Duarte... Dried fruits — peaches, plums, prunes. Boesch, J. Los Angeles Fruits in solution — plums, prunes. [(5 var.). Boettcher, H. Los Angeles Chestnuts; grapes (2 var.) in solution; wine Bonine, E. A. Pasadena Dried nectarines. [potatoes; watermelons. Branch, J Artesia Alfalfa hay; corn on stalk; Egyptian corn; Breakey, Miss Los Angeles California curios. Brickner, Mrs. J Santa Monica Stuffed birds. Briggs, B. B La Crescenta Prunes in solution. Briggs, Mrs. B. B La Crescenta ... Lemons, oranges. Brimble, M Covina. Fruits in solution — nectarines, plums. Brown, G. T Azusa Oranges. Buchai:ian, Mrs. Pasadena Jelly (5 var.). Burr, J San Fernando .. Dried peaches; raisins. Bushnell, F. L. Pasadena Orange trees. Butler, F. G Long Beach Fruits in solution — crabapples, pears. Butler, L. M Los Angeles Potatoes. Byram, E. T Glendale Oranges. Calkins, J. S Pomona Olives (13 var.). Cammack, J. H Whittier .Mission olives. Campbell-Johnson,C.S. Garvanza Wines (5 var.). Carson, J. D Pomona Grape-fruit in solution. Cate, D. W. Rivera Corn. Cate Bros. Rivera English walnuts. Chapman, A. Scott San Gabriel Oranges. Chinkenbeard, P. E Downey .... Pampas plumes. Chippendale, W Duarte :.'. I-emons, oranges. Chisholm, T Pasadena Ornamental trees, palms. Clark, L. L Pasadena Oranges. Clauson, J. F. Antelope Valley Barley and wheat. Cochems, N Del Sur Almonds, barley. Coffman, C. A Rivera Oranges, English walnuts. Coffman, Frank Rivera Corn. Cole, C -- Colegrove Grain in variety, oranges in solution, squash. Cole, George Whittier English walnuts. Colling, B Fruitland Fruits in solution — grapes, peaches. Cook, J. W Glendora Oranges in solution. Cook, John Tropico Fruits in solution — oranges, peaches. Cook, Mrs. John Tropico. Jellies (2 var.). Cook & Langley Los Angeles .... Dried peaches. Copelin, H Los Angeles Guavas in solution. Coronel, Mrs. A. F. Los Angeles Fruit in solution — cactus, loquats ; loquat trees. Coulter, F. M Los Angeles Date bloom in solution. Cox, W. J. Azusa Oranges. Crane, Mrs. S. C Duarte Jellies (30 var.). Curry, Mrs. D. Norwalk Apricots, citron, and onions in solution. Dane, E Pasadena Dried fruits — apricots, peaches. Davis, J. H .-. Rivera English walnuts. Davis, W Los Angeles Pears in solution. Dillon, H. C -- Long Beach Fruit trees — fig, lemon, olive, orange. Dobbins, J. R San Gabriel Oranges and lemons. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 183 Los Angeles County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Dorman, A Rivera Oranges, English walnuts. Douglass, F. M Duarte Oranges. Dritiill, W. L Rivera Oranges, [plums, prunes; dried prunes, raisins. Dunham, E La Canada Fruit in solution — olives on branch, pears, Dunn, J. P. Long Beach Figs in solution, dried figs. Dunn, Mrs. J. P Long Beach Jelly (4 var.). Durfee, J. A El Monte Egyptian corn. Durfee, J. D Rivera English walnuts. East Whittier Ranch.. Whittier Olives on branch in solution. Eddy, A Compton Alfalfa hay. Englehart, H. D Glendora Dried fruits — apricots, peaches. English, Mrs. H. V. R.. Alhambra Decorated china. Enthwistle, J .-. Vernon Oranges (2 var.). ErsMne. C. B Tropico Oranges in solution; quinces (2 var.). Farr, Ellen B Pasadena Oil paintings. Fish, Miss M. S Los Angeles Oil paintings. Fitzgerald, J. H'. Pasadena Oranges. Flash, H. L. Glendale Oranges (2 var.). [solution. Flora, ]Mrs. Rivera Shaddocks and grape-fruit, both fresh and in Frampton, George Artesia Grapes in solution. Germain Fruit Co Los Angeles Wines (20 var.). Gibbs, I Vernon Beans; fruits in solution — guavas, peaches, plums (2 var.), raspberries; peanuts. Gooch, T. L Rivera English walnuts. Gordon, J. T Azusa Raisins. Gower, G. T Colegrove Grains in sheaf. Griffin, O. F Alhambra Tangerines in solution. Griffith, A. P Azusa Grapes in solution. Guirado, B _-. Rivera English walnuts. Hair, "W Los Angeles Pears in solution. Hall, George T.. Monrovia Fruit crate; lemons. [shrubs. Hastings, C. H Lamanda Park.. Fruit and ornamental trees; ornamental Hawks, A. D Sierra Madre Oranges in solution ; dried peaches; prunes. Hay, A. Los Angeles JNIaize, orange trees. Henck, E Vernondale iUackberries in solution. Hicks, C. W Los Angeles Popcorn; seeds in variety. Hickson, J. Eagle Rock Crabapples in solution; capers. Hill, W. H. Pasadena Photographs. Hollenbeck, Mrs. Los Angeles ^Mangel-wurzel beets. HoUey, S. F La Crescent^a Dried figs. Hooper, A. L LosAngeles Peaches in solution. Hooper, P LosAngeles Pears in solution. [var.). Howland, J. L Pomona (Jlive branches in solution, olive oil, olives (13 Howser, J. Covina.. .-. Citron of commerce. Hubbard, A. S. Pomona Peaches and pears in solution. Inverarity, J Vernon Oranges. Jarchow, J. H. F. San Gabriel (Granges. Johnson, D. D.. Norwalk Fruits in solution — citron, grapes, plums. Johnson, Mrs. D. D Norwalk Jelly (2 var.); prunes in solution. Johnson, 'M. D. LosAngeles Lemons, oranges. Johnson, P. O. Rivera English walnuts. Johnson, P. W. Pasadena Quinces in solution. Johnston, I. H Rivera English walnuts ; oranges (2 var.), Keller, E. M Pomona Fruits in solution — apricots (3 var.), nectarines, peaches, plums, prunes. Keller Bros. Pomona Fruits in solution — guavas, pears. Keller, J Pomona _- Fruits in solution — cactus, pears. Kendall, G. T. Pomona _. Fruits in solution — blackberries, olives (2 var.), pears, raspberries. Kimball, E. C Pomona .-. Oranges in solution. King, Eli Rivera I'higlisl) walnuts. Ladies' Annex LosAngeles ('aUfornia birds; portieres, women's work. Ladies' Auxiliary Pasadena Jellies (1.5 var.). Ladies' Auxiliary Pomona Jellies (10 var.). Lanterman, J. L. La Canada Cherries in solution. Lanterman, J. Y La Canada Prunes. Lindley, M Pasadena Cotton in pod. Lintner, W. P Colegrove ( 'orn (2 var.). Los A. Board of Sups.. Los Angeles .... l>>uit trees— lemon and orange. Los A. Chamber Com.. Los Angeles Fruits in solution— citron, oranges, plums. Los Angeles Co. Farm Orange trees. 184 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Los Angeles County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Los Angeles Co. W. F. Com. Los Angeles Fruits, vegetables, etc., in solution — apples,apri- cots (2 var.), artichokes, cherries, citron, crab- apples, cucumbers, date-bloom, dates, euca- lyptus blossom, figs, grapes (3 var.), lemons (3 var.), limes, nectarines, olive branch, olives (13 var.), oranges (4 var.), peaches (2 var.), pears (4 var.), plums (5 var.), prunes (3 var.), rhubarb, tree beans, tree tomatoes ; fruit and Los Angeles Farming ornamental trees, native woods; ostrich eggs; and Milling Co Los Angeles Barley and vrheat; flour and meal. [raisins. Los Nietos and Ean- chito Walnut Grow- ers' Association Rivera, English walnuts. Loud ifc Gerling Pomona Raisins. Lowe, Mrs. W. W Long Beach Jellies (7 var.). [tion. Lukens, T. P Pasadena Ornamental trees — fan palms ; oranges in solu- Lyster, D. T. Grapes. McClelland, J Rivera English walnuts. McCreery & Son Los Angeles Alfalfa hay. McKenzie, Mrs. J. S Vernon Oranges in solution. McKinlej^, S. Vernon — Fruits in solution— apples, oranges, pears. McLeod, E. C San Pedro Souvenirs. Maddock, J. A. :. Duarte Oranges. Maier & Zobelein Los Angeles Brewing barley. Markham, Gov. H. H.. Pasadena Ornamental trees and shrubs. Martin, J. H. Rivera English walnuts. Mason, C. C Fulton Wells Corn (2 var.). MaxsonBros Rivera Oranges; English walnuts. Mead, T Vernon Oranges. Mellen, A. B. Acton Honey in comlD. Mendenhall, T Whittier. _. Sorghum molasses. Meserve & Son Pomona Fruits in solution — limes, olives (11 var.). Miller,J Cahuenga.. Fruits in solution — cherimoyers, coffee, St. Millsap, T Vernon Oranges. [John's bread. Montgomery, H. L Rivera English walnuts ; oranges. Montgomery, J. A Rivera English walnuts. Moss, Wni. Rivera English walnuts; oranges. Moulton, Mrs. Wm Long Beach Apples in solution. Mo.yse, J. Rivera English walnuts. Natival, T. C. Los Angeles Soil. Needham, C. A Glendora Apricots in solution; soil sample. Nelmes, T Pasadena Magnolia tree. Nolton, A. B Los Angeles Ijenions and oranges. Nolton, Mrs. Maj Los Angeles Oranges. Ott, S. T Azusa Fruits in solution — peaches, pears. Ottman, Alice Los Angeles Peaches in solution. Overholtzer, S Covina Oranges. [(2var.). Packard,J.E Pomona ..Fruits in solution— olive branch, oranges Pasadena Nursery Co.. Pasadena Palm and ornamental trees. Passons, T. P Rivera Corn, English walnuts. Peck, AnnaC Los Angeles Model — carving brace. Pegg, Robt Pasadena Camphor trees. Pegg, W. E -. Los Angeles Pepper trees. Peppergine, Geo. Los Angeles Fruits in solution — assorted. Phillips, A Alhambra Lemons, oranges. Pickens, Thos. La Caiiada Cherries in solution; dried prunes. Pine, W Vernon Peanuts. Pollard, E Alhambra Lemons. [oranges, peaches, pears; grains. Pomona B'd of Trade.. Pomona Fruits in solution— apricots, lemons, loquats, Porter, L. S Pasadena Oranges in solution; dried peaches. Potts, Ellen... Los Angeles Pickles. Powell, W. R... Azusa Oranges in solution. Ramsaur, W. P Florence — Alfalfa hay. Rapp, J. 13. Colegrove Pineapple "in solution. Richards, Seth Pomona .-_ Oranges. Ricliardson, C. H. Pasadena Oranges in solution ; trees— fig, guava, and rose. Richardson, S San Gabriel Cork oak bark ; lemons, oranges. Roberts, C. E Colegrove Ranch photographs. Rogers, A. C Azusa Oranges. Rosenbaum, S Pasadena Rose trees, etc. Rule, Hugh Los Angiles Corn. Russell & Strong Whittier... Lemons, oranges, and pomegranates. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 185 Los Angeles County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. ExhiVjit. Rust, H. N. & Son Pasadena Loquats in solution ; palm trees, etc. Scharff Bros. Pasadena Seeds and plants. Schuman Bros Pomona French prunes. Scott, J. Duarte Lemons, oranges (5 var.). Shephard, Ida Long Beach Shells. Shooter, Thomas Los Angeles Stuffed birds and curios. Shorting, Mrs. S. Alhambra Jellies and marmalades (3 var.). Silver, J. W. Rivera English walnuts. Smith, ]\Irs. A Los Angeles Nectarines in solution. [in solution. Smith, H. R Vernon Apples, lemons, and oranges, both fresh and Smith, J. R. - Azusa Nectarines. Smith, James Pasadena. Trees and plants. Snyder, A. Vernon Oranges. Southern Cal. Pack. Co. Los Angeles Marmalades. Spears, Mrs. L. Los Angeles Rose trees. Stahl, LI. Los Angeles Pears in solution. Stahl, Mrs. H. .: .. Los Angeles Jellies and preserves. Steineke A' Pruning Los Angeles Wines (5 var.). Stetson, F. F. & Co Pasadena Crystallized fruits. Stevens, A. Santa Monica Barley. Stevens, L Santa ^lonica... Barley; soil. Stevenson, "Wm Lamanda Park.. Raisins and dried apricots. Stewart, H. B Los Angeles -.. Squash (3 var.). Stewart, James Downey Figs and pomeloes. Stockwell, ]Mrs. J Los Angeles Rose trees. [(3 var.), palm trees. St(jry, F. Q Alhambra Figs, guavas, and loquats in solution ; oranges Straum, L Los Angeles Apricots in solution. Strawbridge, W. T Whittier Apricots in solution; oranges; orange trees. Strong, Mrs. H. W. R... Whittier English walnuts; pampas grass. Sweet, Mrs. S. M. Pomona Paintings. Swope, S. W. Pomona Grapes in solution. Teague, D. C. San Dimas Oranges. Teague, C. P. San Dimas Oranges. Thatcher, J. M Los Angeles . ... American eagle. Thorn, E. Los Angeles Grape-fruit in solution. Thompson, C. C Pasadena Fruits in solution — apricots, oranges, peaches, pears, plums, and prunes; dried apricots, Thompson, Elmer Azusa Oranges in solution. [peaches, and prunes. Thompson, Mary Los Angeles China spoons. Thomson, A. C Duarte Limes and oranges in solution. Thorp, S. R. Los Angeles Apricots ; beans. Tone, L. A. Los Angeles Prunes. Treadwell, Miss Los Angeles Silk bedspread. True, G. A. Los Angeles Plums. Vernon, W. A Whittier Corn on stalk. Vestal, W. H Whittier Castor beanstalk. Vosburg, T Los Angeles Peach in solution. Wack, jNIrs. M Los Angeles Peaches in solution. Wagner, ^liss Los Angeles China. Waldron, S. A Antelope Valley Barley and wheat. Walker, INIiss L. il. IjOS Angeles Shell portiere. Watson, Ernest Duarte Oranges in solution. Watson, Ida Los Angeles Stamp Hag and curios. Watson, J Pomona Plums in solution. Weeks, A. C Alhambra Oranges and lemons in solution. Wheeler, H. W Pomona _ Olive branch and oranges in solution. White, C. E. Pomona Orange trees. White, D Rivera English walnuts. White, H Rivera Corn. Wiggins, Frank Whittier Lemon tree; oranges in solution. Wiley, Wm. Rivera English walnuts. Wren, W. H Duarte Oranges in solution. Wright, A. Vernon Olive branch in solution. ORANGE COUNTY. (State Building.) E.Khibitor. Addre.ss. Exhibit. Adams, Mrs. J. H Villa Park Jelly. Adams, J. J Santa Ana Squash. Adams, P. T. Tustin Figs in solution ; walnuts. Allen Bros. Tustin Dried prunes. 186 _ EEPORT OP world's FAIR COMMISSION. Orange County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Allen, H. A Tustin Dried peaches and prunes. [mons. Alward, A. H Orange Fruits in solution — guavas, Japanese persim- Anaheim Ostrich Farm Anaheim Ostrich plumes and eggs. Anderson, J. Y Westminster ... Apples in solution ; tigs; peat soil; sorghum. Anderson, Miss N Tustin Pampas plumes. Archer, M. L. Westminster Corn. Bacon, J. E. Capistrano Beans. Bailey, Alfred Santa Ana Squash. Bailey, J. G Santa Ana Chestnuts. Bailey, Mrs. J. G. Santa Ana Jelly. Baker, Pride & German Santa Ana Barley. Barger, J. E. Santa Ana Beans (3 var.). Bandick, John Orange Dried peaches and pears; hops; walnuts. Beard, Mrs. C. W. Santa Ana Jelly. Beazley, E. E. Fullerton.. Dried peaches. Beckett, John Garden Grove... Pie melon. Beckett, K. * Garden Grove... Beets. Berry, Mrs Santa Ana Pampas plumes. Billingsley, R _. Villa Park Dried apricots, figs, peaches; silk cocoons. Billingsley, Mrs. R Villa Park Jellies in variety; peaches in solutipn. Bishop, A. D Orange Fresh lemons, limes, and oranges; lemons, Blee, Mrs. R. J Santa Ana Jelly. [limes, pears, and plums in solution. Brown, J. H Tustin Peaches in solution. Brown, Mrs. Mary Santa Ana Gourds. [dried apricots. Brown, W. J West Orange Fruits in solution — apples, apricots, nectarines ; Buck, 0. J Westminster Corn on stalk. Bundy, M. J. Tustin Oranges — fresh and in solution. Burns, D. M Santa Ana Egvptian corn ; gourds; squash. Butterfield, W. T. Garden Grove... Sta'lk corn 16 feet high. Byran, 0. B Westminster Corn; potatoes. Campbell, C. B Orange... Raisins; walnuts. Carnes, — Westminster Blackberries in solution. Cartmell, H Tustin Dried apricots; walnuts. Caudle, A. J .' Santa Ana Barley. Chase, A Santa Ana. Figs in solution. Chase, Mrs. A El Modena Jelly. Christ, Mrs. L. H El Modena Jelly. Clark, Geo. H. . Fairview Hgs in solution. Clifford, M Tustin Dried peaches. [dried apricots and peaches. Clough, C. A Orange Peaches(2var.), plums, and prunes in solution; Coffee, R. H Fullerton Dried prunes. [solution. Cole, A. L..1 Santa Ana Bananas, banana blossom, and peaches in Collins, E. L. J Orange, Gourds; peanuts. [and prunes. Collins Fruit Co. Santa Ana Dried apricots, figs, nectarines, peaches, pears, Congdon, Ella Santa Ana San Juan Mission tile, painted. Copeland, J. E. Santa Ana Dried apricots, nectarines, and prunes. Copeland, J. M Santa Ana Egyptian corn; grapes in solution; raisins; Crew, J. H Tustin Raisins. [walnuts. Cubbon, John Santa Ana Crabapples in solution ; popcorn. Cullom, H. C Tustin Walnuts. Cutler, L. S. Santa Ana Apples in solution. Daniels, S. P Fullerton Walnuts. Davidson, C. J. Tustin Dried apricots, peaches, and prunes. Davis, Ben Orange Shaddocks in solution; dried peaches. Davis, Jesse Westminster Potatoes; sweet corn. Deviney, John Santa Ana Pears in solution. Deyoe, C. P Tustin Japanese persimmons in solution. Dorman, D. M Santa Ana Oranges ; squash. Durgon, R. M Santa Ana Beans in solution. Ellis, JohnN Newport Pears in solution. Elmendorf, W. E Santa Ana Peaches and prunes in solution. Fike, D. S Westminster ... Peaches in solution. Fisher, J. H Santa Ana Pears in solution. Fitchen, H Orange Peanuts. Ford, G. W Santa Ana Bananas and blossom, guavas, lemons, oranges, peaches, pears, plums, and green walnuts in Foster, Mrs. C Santa Ana Jelly. [solution; chestnuts; oranges. Fox, C. W Tustin Dried apricots and prunes. Furnas, Mrs. J. A El Modena. Jelly. Gardiner, H. F... Orange Citron and blossom in solution. Gates, F. A Garden Grove... Dates — dried and in solution. Gilman, R. H. Fullerton Japanese persimmons in solution. Glen, J. H Westminster ... Pears in solution. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 187 Orange County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Gline, J. H. Westminster Apples and pears in variety in solution. Goldthwait, A Anaheim Pears in yariety in solution. Gulick, M. N. Tustin Lemons, oranges, and plums in solution. Halesworth, W. W Santa Ana Cactus fruit, guava, and jujube in solution; peanuts. Halladay, M. D Santa Ana Apricots in solution ; pumpkins and squash. Ham, Louis -.- Fullerton .. Pampas plumes. Handy,0 Orange Dried apricots and peaches. Handy, Mrs. O Orange Jell}^ Hargrave, II. M -_. Santa Ana Broomcorn, sugar beet, sweet potatoes; tobacco. Harlin, T. J.. Santa Ana Barley. Harris, E. F Westminster Peat fuel. [raisins. Havens, G. F Trabuco Grapes (2 var.) in solution, olives, prunes, and Kedebrink, H --. Analieim Beans. Hedebrink, R Fullerton Walnuts. Hedebrink, W Fullerton Alfalfa, beans (2 var.). Hervey, Mrs. W. B Santa Ana Jellies in variety. Hewitt, R. E Santa Ana Peaches in solution. Hill, H. C -. Santa Ana Dried figs; peaches, pears, and raisins. Hinde & Co --. Fullerton Okra, ohves, peaches, walnuts. Hockemeyer, H ..- West Orange Dried apricots; corn, peanuts, walnuts. Hubbard, G. W Tustin Apricots and plums in solution. Huntington, E. G Fullerton Peaches in solution. Insley, W. A. ..- Westminster Fruits in variety in solution. .Jones, Mrs. C. L Santa Ana Jelly. Jones, M. S Tustin Peaches in solution. Jones, Mrs. M. S Tustin Dried peaches; jelly. Joplin, J. C Tustin Almonds; beans in variety. Joplin, Mrs. J. C .Tustin Dried apricots ; plums and prunes ; fruits in variety in solution; jams and jellies in variety ; table fruits in variety ; trout. Keeler&Fife Santa Ana Plums in solution. Keeler, Mrs. H. B Santa Ana . Loquats. Keim, H. W Tustin Beans, peanuts. Kissel, Mrs. H Tustin Dried peaches. Kline, 0. G Garden Grove... Canes, native woods, rustic chairs. Lawton, Mrs. A. J Santa Ana Jellies in variety. Layman, Mrs. J. W Santa Ana Jellies in variety. Lehman, Mrs. C Santa Ana Jelly. Lewis, H. B Tustin Peaches in solution. Littlefield, S Anaheim Apples, pears, and quinces in solution. Lobi, Felipe Capistrano ^ Beans. Lockhart, 0. P. .- Orange Prunes in solution. Logan, F. A Santa Ana Apples in solution. Long, John .-. Garden Grove... Citrons and pie nielona. Ludwig, R Santa Ana Corn. Lyman, Mrs. S Westminster Apples in solution. Lyon, A. H Santa Ana... ..Popcorn. Lyon, Mrs. P Villa Park Jelly. Maley, J. H Santa Ana Walnuts. Marsellus, A. F Santa Ana. Walnuts. Mathews, H. F Santa Ana Peaches in solution. McClay, D. G Santa Ana Peaches in solution ; peanuts. McFadden, A. Santa Ana Corn. McFadden, W. M Placentia . Crabapples in solution. McGill, J. S Westminster Corn. * McLellan, J. H Westminster Crabapples in solution. Mendelson, M Capistrano Walnuts. Mills, I. D Santa Ana Japanese persimmons in solution. Moltit, R... .- Santa Ana Cactus. Montgomery, V Santa Ana Corn (5 var.). Morris, Mrs. M. E Santa Ana Beans, fruit gatherer, jelly. Murdock, S. J Westminster Carrots and parsnips; fresh cucumbers, horse- radish, and rhubarb in solution; peat tussock. Nebelung, Max Anaheim I'ampas plumes. Newland, W. T Tustin Barley. Nicholson, T El Modena Sweet potatoes (3 var.). Nickej%Mrs. F. P Santa Ana Jelly. Nisson, — Santa Ana Dried prunes; walnuts. Norse, Sadie H Santa Ana Jelly. Oderhn. J. A Santa Ana Alfalfa; sunflower. Oilvares, Ysedora El Toro Beans. Olive Milling Co. Olive Wheat (2 var.). 188 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Orange County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Oxnam, Mrs -.. Villa Park Jams and jellies in variety. Parker, Mrs. C. C Santa Ana Table frait in variety. Parker, J. B Villa Park Dried apricots and prunes; oranges. Passamore, Mrs. W Olive Figs and fig paste ; jams and jellies. Peabody, Mrs. H. A Santa Ana Jams and jellies in variety. Penfold, S -. Santa Ana Apples in solution; fresh apples in variety. Perry, Mrs. G. A Santa Ana Jelly. Phelps, H... Santa Ana Peaches in solution. Pierce, H. A -.. Garden Grove Apples and peaches in solution. Preble, S. W Tustin Citrons and persimmons in solution; walnuts. Keddick Oil Co. Fullerton Crude oil. Reed, Ida F.. Santa Ana Jelly. Robinson, W. Santa Ana Beans. Rogers, F. J Santa Ana Barley. Rohmdahl, Mrs. C Orange Dried peaches; hops.. Roper, Mrs. H. H Santa Ana Jams and jellies in variety. Rowley, Mrs. A. R Santa Ana Guavas in solution. Salter Bros El Toro --. Beans in variety; Egyptian corn. Sanders, Mrs. A. J McPherson Jelly. Schultz, H. W -. Fullerton Beans; dried prunes. Seegar, Paul Tustin Grapes and peaches in solution. Selvidge, R. P Santa Ana - Apples in solution. Shaffer, G Orange... Corn; pampas plumes. Sheldon, Dr Tustin Nectarines in solution. Shirley, J. W - Santa Ana Minerals. Shore, Mrs. A. C Santa Ana Jelly. Shore, G. N Santa Ana Apples and peaches in solution. Silkwood, B Garden Grove... Peaches and quinces in solution. Simcoe, Mrs. M. A Santa Ana Jelly. Smith, C.R. Santa Ana Bananas in solution. Smith, D. PI... Santa Ana Pears in solution. Snover, John Santa Ana Corn. Snow,H.K Tustin Citrus fruits ; walnuts. Spurgeon, Mrs. W. H... Santa Ana.. Table peaches; squash. Staley, T Placentia . Lemons and oranges; dried prunes; olives; plums and prunes in solution; popcorn, Stanton, Mrs. G. N Santa Ana Jelly. [walnuts. Stanton, J. W ... Santa Ana Pumpkins. Stephens, H AVestminster Apples in solution. Stevens, G. W El Toro Beans (2 var.). ^ ■ Stewart, O Westminster Corn. Sutliff, Miss H. Santa Ana Jelly. Swanner & Son Santa Ana Apples in solution. Sylvester, Mrs. H. W— Santa Ana .. Jelly. Taft, C. P Orange Drie'd figs and pears; loquats and peaches in Teal, M Garden Grove... Pumpkins. [solution. Thompson, A. J Westminster Beets. Thompson, E. O Garden Grove... Pampas plumes. Thurston, S. L Arch Beach Olives. Tolle, E. I Santa Ana Plums in solution. Towner, Mrs. A. J Santa Ana. Apricots in solution; jams and jellies in var.; roseleaf ilavoring; strawberry juice; table Tryer, J. W Santa Ana Corn. ' [fruit. Utt, C. E. Tustin Beets, peanuts, prunes, walnuts. Von Alstyne, T. Tustin Seeded raisins. Warner, G. B Santa Ana Nectarines in solution. White & Hankey Santa Ana Berries, lemons, and peppers in solution; fresh fruit in variety; dried peppers ; peanuts and Whiting, D El Toro Barley, limestone, prunes. [popcorn. AVinans, Mrs. Susan... Santa Ana Jellies. Winters, J. Fullerton Corn, dried peaches, walnuts. Witmer, Mrs. R. B Santa Ana _ Jelly. Yoep, Joseph Santa Ana Calla bulbs; plums in solution. Yorba, Felipe — . Yorba Cactus fruit in solution. PLACER COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Adams, C. T Newcastle Peaches, pears. Ames, L. Newcastle Peaches, pears. Armstrong, Mrs. Geo... Auburn Jellies. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 189 Placer County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Boggs, J. C Newcastle Oranges, pears. Carv, L Lincoln Grapes, raisins. Carlsen, C Newcastle Peaches. Closs, F Auburn (Olives and olive oil. Crook, Mrs. J. Lincoln .Fellies. Delamater, C Newcastle Apricots (2 var.), figs, plums, prunes (2 var.). Evans, D Newcastle Grapes. Foster, W ..Lincoln Figs, grapes, pears, plums (2 var.), prunes. Fountain, R Newcastle Peaches, plums. [raisins. Gladding & McBean... Lincoln _ Terracotta. Hector, li Newcastle Cherries. Holbron, P Newcastle Cherries. Hopkins, M Newcastle Peaches. Hopkins, ]Mrs. ^l Newcastle Jellies. Hoppert, Mrs. M Newcastle Jellies. Jameson, R Dutch Flat Butternuts. Jones, Robert...: Newcastle Almonds, pears. Jones, W Lincoln Apricots. Kaiser, J. Lincoln Wines (5 var.), brandies (2 var.). Kellogg, G. Newcastle Pomeloes. Lothrop, D Penr}^ Plums. Lothrop, L.. Newcastle Cherries, peaches. Manson, Dr Lincoln Grapes. Mathews, J. Newcastle Persimmons. Monroe, Mrs. M Ophir Prunes. Nichols, Wm Dutch Flat Petrified wood. Palmer, H. Penrj^n Peaches. Pancoast, H , Newcastle Oranges (2 var.). Parker, H. E. Penryn Figs, peaches. Perkins, Mrs. G Newcastle Jellies. Roberson, Emily Auburn Olives and olive oil. Robertson, ,T. Newcastle Peaches, pears (2 var.). Robinson, Mrs. J Newcastle Jellies. Robinson, J. A Newcastle Peaches. Schnabel, A Newcastle Plums. Schnabel, Mrs. A Newcastle Jellies. Sherman Bros. Newcastle Eigs. Silva, C. M. Newcastle Apricots, cherries, chestnuts, lemons (3 var.), limes, oranges (7 var.), persimmons, plums Silva, Mrs. M. M. _ Newcastle Jellies. [(3 var.), shaddocks. Skillinger, Mrs Clipper Gap Limestone. Smith, J. \V -- Penryn ^.. Plums. Smith, W Newcastle Dates. Somers, W. Newcastle Plums. Sparks, J _ Lincoln Wheat, oats, barley. Sturges, J. Newcastle Pomegranates. Taylor, W Ophir Pears, prunes. Threlkel, G. W. Newcastle Cherries, peaches (2 var.), pears. Tottenham, N Penryn Peaches. Towle, A Towle Apples (7 var.), lumber (5 kinds). Turrell, R Lincoln Plums. Varden, D Auburn Walnuts. Wilson, L Newcastle Cherries, lemons. SACRAMENTO COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Bates, George Sacramento Oranges. Beach, J. E Routiers Peaches, maize. Bell Conservatory Co. . Sacramento Palm trees, plants. Bennett, John Brighton Grapes. Billings, Mrs.. Orangevale Peaches. Billingsl}', W. P Folsom Peaches, plums. Bocker, Mrs. Sacramento Persimmons. Brockway, C. Z Sacramento Baldbarley,centuryplant, quinces, and peaches. Bryant, William American River. Wheat in sheaf. Burnliam, Mrs. H Sacramento Jelly. Cain, L. B Gait Wheat in sheaf. Capitol Grounds Sacramento Pepper tree twig. [in tin and glass. Capitol Packing Co. ... Sacramento I'reserved fruit and vegetables, jams and jellies 190 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Sacramento County (State Building) — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exliibit. Carr, Seymour Connelly Wheat in sheaf. Carroll, William Sacramento Black native oats in sheaf, wheat in sheaf, bar- ley in sheaf, white wild oats in sheaf. Carroll, W. M. Sacramento Grass, wheat in sheaf. Chase, H Gait Pears. Christianson & Dierson Sacramento Cheese, butter, fruit, vegetables. Clark, N Sacramento Peaches and grapes. Coon, D. & N Elk Grove.. Oats. Cornell, J _ Routiers Dried prunes and peaches, sheaf grain. Cox, Fred- Sacramento Apples. Crofton, Annie Connelly Preserved fruit, jelly. Crofton, Mrs. John Courtland Preserved fruits. Cross, J. F Antelope Wheat in sheaf. Cummings, C. H. Sacramento Oranges. Curtis, William Stockton Iioad.. Oranges, barley in sheaf. Cutler, Dr Sacramento Bald barley, wheat in sheal. Cutter Bros Courtland Peaches. Dam, A Isleton... Barley, pears, peaches. Dan, E Courtland Peaches. Davies, John Perkins Grapes. Davies, William Florin Peaches, strawberries, blackberries. Davis, L. R Sacramento Wheat in sack and sheaf. Davis, Mrs. M. A Elk Grove. Jelly, preserved fruit. Davis, W. T. Gait -. Pears, plums, apples. Dillman, — Sacramento Grapes. Dillman, W. T Dry Creek Wheat in sheaf. Drescher, P. C Orangevale Almonds. Easton, Mrs. E. E Florin Prunes, ^'ellies. Easton, P. A Florin Plums, fags, blackberries. Edward & Lincoln Freeport Grain in sheaf. Eldred, C. W Florin Castor-oil beans, pomegranates. Evins Ranch Hangtown Cross- ing Maize. Fairbain, John Enterprise Egyptian corn, grain in sheaf. Flint, Mrs. Thomas Sacramento Quinces, striped grass. Flint, D Sacramento Baled hops, oranges, lemons, alfalfa hay. Figg, Mrs. George Grand Island Preserved fruit. Foster, Mr Orangevale Peaches. Freeman, Miss Noble.. Elk Grove Jelly. Gabrilla, Felice... Sacramento Sweet peppers, vegetables in.variety. Gage, Mr Swiss Station ... Grapes. Gage, Ida M Elk Grove Jelly. Gammon, Mrs. D. D Courtland Jelly. Garrett, Samuel Elk Grove.. Wheat. [quinces, figs, pears. Gilbert, George C Prospect Hill ... Oranges, nuts, grapes, peaches, bamboo, apples, Goodrich, 0. O Sutterville Peaches, mulberries, plums, prunes, oranges, Gourley, Robert Freeport Plums, peaches, pears, squash. [crabapples. Graham, Mrs Elk Grove Wheat in sheaf. Green, Mrs. G. B Courtland Jelly. Green, M.S Richland Peaches. Green, Peter.. Courtland Peas. Green, Mrs. P. B Courtland Jelly and preserved fruits. Greer, E Fruit Ridge Strawberries, prunes, quinces, apples, oranges, grapes, crabapples, peaches, figs, pears, barley, almonds, dried peaches, apricots, and prunes. Greer, W. W Sacramento Green peppers, barley in sack and sheaf. Hack, George, Sr... Freeport Squash, native wood, beets, egg plant, native Hack, John... Union House ... Wheat in sheaf. [peas. Hack, N. D.. Wild peas. Hague, Thomas Sacramento Peaches. Plamilton, J. H Sacramento Oranges, persimmons, squash, evergreen mil- let, cucumbers, figs, pomegranates, walnuts, melons. Harvey, Dr. Gait Cheese, almonds, buckwheat, dried apples. Henderson, J Sacramento Persimmons. Hollister, D Courtland Pears. Hughson, Dr. W. A Florin Peaches. Houston, James W Courtland Jelly. Hull, C. A.. Sacramento Butter, wheat, cheat grass, barley, walnuts. Hull, Mrs. C. A Union House ... Jelly. Humphrey, A. D. Mayhews Figs, grapes, apples, peaches. Hunt, G. S ElkOrove.. Wheat, barley, nectarines, lime, wood. Jackman, Mrs. S. H Perkins Fruit, parsnips. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 191 Sacramento County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Jenkins, D. Florin Peaches. Joan, Mrs. A Mayhews Plums, prunes. Johnson, jNIr. Antelope Wheat in sheaf. Johnston, Mr Connelly Sta Wheat in sheaf. Johnson, W. A Norris Grant Wheat. Johnston, William Richland Bartlett pears^ butternuts, walnuts. Johnston, Mrs. Wm Eichland Preserved fruit, jelly. Kelly, B. F Sacramento Apricots, pears. Kercheval, Mrs. R Sacramento E,... Preserved fruit, jelly. Kerr, George H Elk Grove. Nectarines. Kerr, Mrs. G. H Elk Grove Piaisins, dried and preserved figs, jellies, jams, Kilgore, E Folsom Prunes. [preserved fruit, fig syrup, pickles. Krull, A. A Sacramento Pears, oats in sheaf, wheat. KruU, Delia Sacramento Jelly, jiickled tigs, designs of grasses and leaves. Landiss, Islr Orangevale Cotton, peaches. Lauder, T. A. ... Louisiana Tract. Peaches. Lea,Isaac .; Florin Licorice root, olives, oranges, lemons. Louis, Ed Elk Grove Peaches. Lufkin, D Freeport... Apples, plums. Lufkin, M. ...Freeport Pears. Madge, Mrs. M.. Sacramento Preserved fruit. Manlove, Ed. Perkins Squash. Manlove, Mrs Perkins Peaches. Marschell, Mr Norris Grant Oats. McCounell, Mrs. Thos.- Elk Grove Jelly. McConnell, Thomas ... Elk Grove Grapes, apples, wool, pears, beets. McCreary, Chas. & Co.- Sacramento Flour, bran, middlings. McFarland, John Gait Cheese, teasel. McMullen, George C Brighton Pears, figs, apples, olives, honey, strawberries, Menke, A. Perkins Peaches, sweet corn, prunes. [oat hay. Mentzell, H -_. Florin Oranges. Michigan Bar Building stone. Miller, Mrs. D. B Walnut Grove... Jelly. ^loore, Mrs. S. E Freeport Peaches, pears, preserved fruits. Montgomery, Mr Flonn Peaches. Muddox & Co... Grand Island Pottery and sewer pipe. Muddox, George, Jr Sacramento Nut house. !Muddox, George, Sr Sacramento Sewer pipe. Muddox, Mrs. Sacramento Jams, jellies, preserved fruit, vegetables, pears. Myers, Mrs. Fred Grand Island... Preserved fruit. Myers, Mrs. H. Grand Island ... Preserved fruit. Nesche, Geo Florin Plums, peaches. Nevis, M. S Sacramento Wine. [dried prunes. Nuttall, I. Salsbury Sta Peaches, plums, almonds, apples, pears, and Nuttall, Chas. Salsbury Sta Almonds, plums, pears. O'Brien, Wm Sacramento Figs. Odell, M. F Sacramento Nectarines. Odell & Herzog.- Sacramento Lard, bacon, salt pork. Odbert, Geo. E , Sacramento Sunflower. [jams, grasses. Odbert, Mrs. J. P Sacramento Preserved fruits, vegetables, jelly, pickles, Odbert, J. P Sacramento Grain in sheaf, figs, crabapples, pears, apples, plums, prunes, peaches, nectarines; dried fruit — blackberries, cherries, tomatoes, apri- cots, nectarines, prunes, pears, apples, and peaches; blackberry vine. Osborn, Mrs. Jacob Courtland Jellj% preserved fruit. Osborn, David. Courtland Prunes, pears. Overmeyer, Mr Gait Wheat in sheaf. Pearson, Wm. Gait _ Wheat in sheaf. Pike, M. Pioutiers Peaches, prunes, plums. Pioneer Milling Co Sacramento Flour. Plummer, A. M Perkins Sheaf of assorted grain. Powell, W. H. Antelojie Almonds. Rich, Geo Lake House Lemons, mock oranges, pomegranates. Robertson, . J. D Gait Peaches, prunes. Rodrigues, I. S Florin Squash, corn on stalk. Roeraer, P. Sacramento Strawberries. Rogers, J Freeport Squash, mangolds. Rose, Frank Norris Grant Wheat in sheaf. Rowe, Miss Pearl Elk Grove.. Jelly. Routier, J Routiers Plums, almonds, prunes. Runyon, Mrs. Sol Courtland Jelly. Runyon, Mrs. Wm Courtland Jelly. 192 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Sacramento County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Riitter, James Florin Citron, apples, grapes, quinces, prunes, dried Schulp, Jno Jackson Road... Wheat, oats. [prunes, almonds. Scriver, Tim. Sacramento Barley in sheaf. Shaver, Nelson Enterprise "Wheat. Shellmej'er, Mrs. Elk Grove Jellies, preserved fruit. Shepard, M. Highland Park . Grapes. Shield, Mrs. E American River. Peaches, almonds; dried fruit— peaches, prunes Simons, John Florin Oats (2 var.) in sheaf. [(3 var.), apricots. Slater, T. M Antelope Barley, wheat in sheaf. Slawson, Sim. Stockton Road.. Sweet corn. Smith, E.E Gait Buckwheat. Smith, George .-. Courtland Apricots, nectarines, pears. Smith, Mrs. Geo. A. ... Courtland Jelly. Smith, Mark Hangtown Barley in sheaf. Smith, Mrs. Wm Grand Island ... Jelly. Springstead, E Elk Grove Jelly. Springstead, Laura Elk Grove Preserved fruits. Springstead, Vivian Elk Grove Jelly. Stelter, Julia Elk Grove Preserved fruit, jelly. Stelter, Ida Elk Grove Jelly, preserved fruit. Stelter, Nellie Elk Grove Jelly. Stephenson, J. F . Franklin Date beans, popcorn, squash. Stevens, R. D. Mayhews Plums. Strong & Co. Sacramento Peaches, farm and garden seeds. Studarus, Charles School House;.. Wheat in sack and sheaf. Studarus, John & Son . Hangtown Plums, prunes, pears, peaches, Egyptian corn. Swayse, W. W. Florin Peaches. Talmage, Minnie Courtland Jellj'. Tast, Joseph.. Riverside Peppers. Taylor, T Florin Peaches, strawberries. Thisby, Mrs. George... Walnut Grove .. Jelly. Toomey, Mrs. M. Enterprise Wheat in sheaf. Trask, Mrs. Maud Walnut Grove ._ Jelly. Valienstein, George ... Orange vale Peaches. Warnick, W. Hangtown Maize. Wells, D Siwash Wheat. White, Dr. G. A County Hosp'L. Oranges. White, Mr. Perkins Rye in sheaf. Wilbur, S. Freeport Pears, tomatoes. Williamson, Robt Sacramento Peaches, pears, prunes. Williamson, Mrs. R Sacramento Peaches (put up in '88). Wilson, Mrs. Ellen Elk Grove Preserved fruits. Winkleman, J. J Elk Grove Wheat. Wood, E. __. Sacramento Pomegranates. Woodward, A. & Son .. Elk Grove Corn. Whitman, A. L. Florin Grapes. Whitman, W. D Florin Peaches, grapes. SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Aberdeen, Mr San Bernardino. Orange marmalade. Archibald, M. Colton Oranges (2 var.) in solution. Atkins, J. T San Bernardino. Orange blossoms in solution. Atwood, G. A. San Bernardino. Barley. Baldwin, CM San Bernardino. Orange blossoms in solution. Ball, S Redlauds Oranges in solution. Barker, C. Banning Dried jiears. Barnhill, James Colton Fruits in solution— oranges (3 var ), grape-fruit Barrett, S. H Highlands Dried fruits (3 var.). Barrows, C.P.jFrmtCo.- San Bernardino. Dried fruits (5 var.). Battles, D San Bernardino. Lemons in solution. Black, M. E .- San Bernardino. Orange jelly. Blade, M. Banning Orange marmalade. Bostwick Bros. Ontario Oranges (2 var.) in solution. Boyd, R. A Highlands Oranges in solution. Bradford M. V. B Riverside Jelly (2 var.). Brant, Miss A Banning Orange jelly. Brooks, P. Riverside Lemons in solution. Brouse, W. A.. San Bernardino. Dried peaches. REPORT OP world's FAIR COMMISSION. ' 193 San Bernardino County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Callahan, B. F. Banning ._. Oranges in solution. Carpenter, Lulu Banning Grapes in solution. Carpenter, S. G --. Banning Quince preserves. Corwin, W. S Higlilands Oranges (2 var.) in solution. Cottrell, J. Ontario.. Jelly (2 var.). Crane, George San Bernardino. Oranges (2 var.) in solution. Cunningham, R. F Higlilands Dried fruits (3 var.). [oranges (2 var.). Davenport, N. San Bernardino. Pickled olives; fruits in solution — lemons, Davidson, Mrs. M. A... San Bernardino. Grape jelly, dried fruits (2 var.). Dean, San Bernardino. Oranges in solution. Dennison, B. S Ontario Dried fruits (2 var.), orange Jelly. Dickey, C. C San Bernardino. Orange marmalade. Docklin, j\Iiss L San Bernardino. Grape jelly. Dunlap, W. K... San Bernardino. Wheat. Dyer, 0. T Riverside Oranges in solution. Dyer, William.. Riverside Lemons in solution. Edwards, S. D Redlands Oranges in solution. Edwards, T. P. Redlands Oranges in solution. Forsey, Mrs. M Banning Fig jelly. Fountain, J. M Banning Strawberry jelly. Fountain, R Banning Fruits in solution— peaches, plums. Fox, A. S.. Colton Terrace.. Oranges (2 var.). Fox, S. B Colton Terrace.. Fruits in solution— oranges (2 var.), lemons. Frazier, Mrs Banning Preserved cherries; prunes in solution. Fuller, W. C Colton Terrace.. Oranges (4 var.) in solution. Garcelon, G. W. Riverside Orange marmalade. Gird, Richard Chino Beet sugar. Goddard, Mrs.S.M Colton Orange marmalade. Graham, G Ontario ... Orange marmalade. Groom, Mrs. M. W. San Bernardino. Peaches in solution. Guthrie, H. H.. San Bernardino. Orange marmalade. Haberling, Mrs. A San Bernardino. Orange marmalade. Hamilton, Mrs Riverside Fig marmalade. Hargreave, R. E San Bernardino. Prune jelly. Harwood, Mrs. C. A.... San Bernardino. Jellies in variety. Hathaway & Kelly Banning Pine nuts. Hewett, J. J Redlands Orange marmalade. Hidden, Charles Highlands Fruits in solution — oranges (3 var.), pomeloes. Hoaa;, I. N Redlands Oranges in solution. Huboard & Son Colton Oranges and citrons in solution. Husted, E. G San Bernardino. Grape jelly. [plum jelly; desert cactus. Ingelow, C. H Banning Dried fruit (2 var.) ; plums (2 var.) in solution ; Iselin, Charles Banning Lentils. Joy, Geo. L South Riverside. Oranges (2 var.) in solution. Kendall, A. G Ontario Quince jellJ^ Kincaid, W. J San ISernardino. (irape jelly; orange marmalade. La Rue, D. E San Bernardino. Orange marmalade; preserved figs. Leach, W. J San Bernardino. Oranges (2 var.) in solution. Maynard, A. J. San Bernardino. Oranges in solution. Maynard, H San Bernardino. Oranges (2 var.) in solution. Maynard, Miss San Bernardino. Orange syrup; orange marmalade. [var.). Mellen, T. J Beaumont Prunes and pears in solution; dried fruits (3 Morles, W. H. Banning Oranges in solution. Morley, C. W San Bernardino. Oranges in solution. Morris, S. C San Bernardino. I'reserved figs. Myers, Mrs. ^I. E San Bernardino. Dried fruits (2 var.). Naftzger, Mrs. A. F. Riverside Orange marmalade. Newport, Wm. Riverside I>arley; wheat. Noble, Mrs. A Riverside . Orange marmalade. [som syrup. Palmer, Mrs. A. H San Bernardino. Apple jelly ; marmalade (2 var.); orange blos- Payne, C. R Crafton Oranges and blossoms in solution. Pearson, E. E. San Bernardino. Almonds. Prescott, C. AV. Highlands Oranges in solution. Puis, H. A liiverside Oranges (2 var.) in solution. Randall, S. D. Highlands Oranges (2 var. ) in solution. Rose, Mrs San Bernardino. Orange marmalade. Scott, D. A Ontario Wheat. Sibley, Mrs. F. A Rialto Guava jelly. Simmons, W. San Bernardino. Oranges in solution. Smith, Stella Ontario Prunes in solution. Stewart, Eva A. San ISernardino. Marmalade (2 var.). Stickney, Lizzie .. ]!anning Orange marmalade. Sutherland, R Highlands liaisins. 13w 194 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. San Bernardino County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Sweezy, E Rialto Apple jelly. Thrall, H. I San Bernardino. Oranges and blossoms in solution; grape jelly. Tibbot, J. W. - Rialto Fruits in solution — oranges, lemons; jelly in Tuttle, H. B Redlands Oranges (2 var.), lemons in solution, [variety. Tyler, J. B. San Bernardino. Orange marmalade. Van Kirk, J. W. San Bernardino. Orange preserves. Van Leuven, E. F. Idlewild Oranges (5 var.) in solution. Waddinghaui, Mr North Ontario .. Orange jelly. Waite, E. J Redlands Oranges (4 var.) in solution. Waite, L. U Highlands Oranges (3 var.) and lemons in solution. Whitcomb, Ida C. San Bernardino. Orange marmalade. Willard, Mrs. A. F. San Bernardino. Orange marmalade. [marmalade. Wilson, Mrs. A. C San Bernardino. Jellies (2 var.); prunes in solution; orange SAN DIEGO COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Allen, L. E San Diego Fruits in solution— apricots on branch, figs, guavas ; jams and jellies in variety. Arnold, Mrs. P San Diego Fernwork. Asher, Mrs. J. M. El Cajon Grapes in solution. Baird, S. J National City... Apricots (2 var.) in solution. Barnes, E.W Escondido Corn. Bradley, S San Diego Plums in solution. Bronson, Jas Valley Center... Wheat. Cheatham, J. W Fallbrook Fruits in solution — peaches, pears, and prunes. Clark, F. G-.: Dulzura Pears in solution. Clelland, Mrs. F. G- Mesa Grande English walnuts. Cogswell, Thos San Diego Patent fruit- basket. Conn, J. A San Diego Shell flowers. Cook, Geo Buena Wheat. [variety. Clopeland, H. Chula Vista Fruits in solution — crabapples, guavas ; jelly in Coventry, A. San Diego Peaches in solution. Crow, J. M. Encinitas Corn. Dedrick, L. W San Diego Currant tomatoes in solution. Deering, Miss A. P San Diego Oil paintings. Dimmick, A. S National Currant tomatoes in solution. Dixon & Son San Diego Oranges in solution. El Potrero Indians Rincon Barley. [on branch, plums; spiced figs. EscondidoW.F. Society Escondido Corn ; fruits in solution — grapes (2 var.), pears Fleming, Mrs. E National Jellies and jams in variety. Ford, Geo. W Wynola English walnuts. Frisbie, J. C. San Diego Plums in solution. Gird, H. H. Fallbrook Fruits in solution— grapes, plums; plum jelly. Gray, Mrs. W. M San Diego Quince jelly. Griffin, J. L National Apricots in"^ solution. Hall, J. P. R El Cajon .• Preserved pears. Hauck, Mrs. J. D Escondido Figs in solution. Hewitt, Miss... San Diego Oil painting. Hill, Mrs. Uri El Cajon Preserved figs. Himebaugh, H. H San Diego Grapes in solution, Jones, Jas. P.. SanDiego Fruits in solution — crabapples, apricots on brancli, figs, pears, quinces. Kimball, Frank A National... Olive oil (2 var.). Kimball, W. C.- --- National. Dimes in solution; walnuts. Kincaid, L. C National. Oats. Lowe, Mrs. H. E El Cajon Jellies in variety. McFadden, C El Cajon.. Grape jellj'^, orange marmalade. McFarland, J. R Dehesa Grapes in solution. McKoon, H. P SanDiego Fruits in solution— apricots, grapes, peaches, tigs, pears (2 var.); jams and jellies in var. McLaren, Mrs. S San Diego Crystallized fruits; jellies in variety. McWalters, Mrs SanDiego Pears in solution. Meekstt Stiles SanDiego Blackberries in solution. Mitchell, Thomas Escondido Prunes in solution. Newport, William Menifee. Alfalfa hay. Norton, Charles V. Escondido Corn and wheat. Pauma Indians. Grant. Beans. Peabody, Mrs. H Oneonta Oil painting. Peters, A. M Julian Apples (6 var.) in solution. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 195 San Diego County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Peters, Mrs. A. M. Julian Plums in solution. Rambo, Edward L. Twin Oaks Corn. Rice, H. B Fallbrook Persimmons in solution ; walnuts. Rincon Indians Rincon Barley, wheat (2 var.). Rockwood, Mr San Pasqual Alfalfa seed. Sampson, Mrs. M. H. .. Alpine .Telly. San Diego Co.W.F.Com. San Diego Fruits in solution — crabapples, cactus, figs, grapes (6 var.), grape-fruit, lemons, nectarines, oranges, pears; walnuts, jams and jellies in San Marcos Land Co... San Marcos Wheat and oats. [variety. Scott, Mrs. Walter San Diego Apple jelly. Shaul, Mrs. M. J Fallbrook Apricot jelly. Somers, J. W... La Mesa Jelly (2 var.). Somers, W. H El Cajon Pears in solution, raisins. Squires, E. AV Chula Vista Wheat. Stocking Bros.. -.. Oneonta Wheat (2 var.), oats, barlej', raisins. Story, H. L San Diego Quinces in solution. Tom'lins, Mary Fallbrook Ap])lejelly. Turner, Mrs. 0. H San Diego Spiced ligs. Weeks, George H San Diego Fruits in solution — apricots, pears. Whittaker, Mrs. M. A.. Fallbrook Apricots in solution. Williams, Mrs Fallbrook Peanuts, preserved grapes. Young, Edith San Diego Oil painting. SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. San Francisco County W. F. Association ... San Francisco. . Relief map (27 ft. in diam.) of San Francisco, with panoramic view of environs. Exhibit of Art, Literature, and Music made by San Francisco Women. Bender, Sarah E San Francisco... Paintings— wall flowers, violets, California pop- Chamberlain, Helen... San Francisco... Painting — ]\Iadrone berries. [pies. Coolbrith, Ina D Oakland Illuminated poem (painting by Sarah E. Ben- der; lettering by May Keeler). Cummins, Ella S San Francisco... "Story of the Files" (a review of Californian writers and literature). Cummins, Viva San Francisco... Model of head of sea-lion. Davidson, Prof. Geo.... San Francisco... Photograph of Saturn. Harvey, Margaret San Francisco... Panel of arbutus. Hunt, Miss jNI. M Embroidered cushion and frame. Jackson, T. B. San Francisco ... Sculpture — head of a boy. [Luis Re^^ Jarboe, Mrs. John San Francisco... Pictures of the Missions of Carmel and San Jensen, Miss E San Francisco... Figure study in embroidery; embroidered drapery. Keith, William San Francisco... Portrait of Prof. Joseph Le Conte ; painting, Ladies' Guild of Trinity ["The Oaks." Church San Francisco... Embroidered altar cloth. Latimer, L. San Francisco... Painting — "Berkeley Oaks." Livermore, Grace. San Francisco... (See under O'Hara). McChesney, H. X. Water color painting. McGillivray, Helen M. One etching and one water coloi. Morrison, 5liss M. I Portraits in monochrome of Emma Nevada and Sybil Sanderson, California singers. O'Hara, Lilian San Francisco... Fire-etched portraits of Ina D. Coolbrith, Bret O'Hara, L., and Liver- [Harte, and Joaquin Miller. more, G Carved and fire-etched panels of redwood in- closure ; fire-etched chest, leather curtains ; panels of angels playing on musical instru- ments after Da Foile ; lecturns for books and stands for albums ; bronzed leather gates. Pierce, ^Irs. J. M San Francisco... Redwood that formed reception-room. Ross, May H Painting — "A Rose." S. F. Keramic Club San Francisco .. Cabinet of keramics. S. P. Women's Com'ttee San Francisco .. Album of musicians, composers, and teachers-, Chinese, Hawaiian, and Samoan musical in- striiments from Chinatown ; decorated jar- dinieres ; Indian war drum, Samoan drums. 196 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. San Francisco County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. S. F. Women's Literary- Exhibit -.- San Francisco .. Album of Californian writers (arranged by Mrs. R. H. Poore, decorated by Grace Livermore); catalogue of books by Californians ; book- cases of cedar carved in native California flowers and filled with volumes by California authors ; open display of characteristic Cali- Schmid, Rupert San Francisco .. Bust of Karl l^'ormes. [fornian literature. Sleeth, L.-- Painting— "Still Life." Withrow, Eva.. San Francisco .. Painting — "Gold of Ophir Roses." Wores, Theodore San Francisco .. Painting — "Chinese Head." SAN MATEO COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Brewer, Rev. A. L San Mateo Stuffed birds. Brittan, Mrs. N. J San Mateo Potted plants. Hayward, Mrs. A. San Mateo Potted plants ; stuffed birds. Lee, Mrs. San Mateo Potted plants. Reed, Mrs. W. F Stuffed birds. Ross, Mrs. Geo. San Mateo Plants. Sherwood Hall Nursery Company Menlo Park Photographic album. Splivalo, Mrs. C. R San Mateo Plants. Taylor, Mrs. P. G Paintings of wildflowers. Thompson, Mattie Harrison Pressed liowers. Thompson, Mrs. S. W.. Pescadero Pebbles and sea-mosses. Wilson, Mrs. C. F Pescadero Model of lighthouse. Winne, Miss L. M Redwood City .. Paintings of wildflowers. There were also about 50 photographs of landscapes, homes, etc., from various con- tributors. SANTA BARBARA COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Archer, J.-- Santa Barbara.. Honey. Arkley, Agnes Lorapoc Jelly. Arkley, Mrs. E. A Lompoc. Jelly. Arkley, Jannie E Lompoc Jelly. Austin, Mrs. W. H Lompoc Jelly. ' ' • Bates, Jos Santa Barbara .. Lemons in solution. Batkins, Mrs. H Lompoc Jelly. Bliss, F. Santa Barbara .. Peaches in solution. Bliss, Mrs. M. A Santa Barbara .. Dates in solution. Blochman, Ida M Santa Maria Herbarium — indigenous flora. Broughton, Mrs. W. W. Lompoc Jelly. Buell, Mrs. HannahC. Lompoc. Jelly. Cadwell, 0. N Carpenteria Guavas in solution. California Asphalt Co.. Santa Barbara .. Asphaltum. Carr, R Lompoc Mustard. Chamberlin, W. C Goleta Peaches in solution. [olive oil, and works. Cooper, Ellwood Santa Barbara .. Apples, bamboo, lemons, persimmons, quinces, Cooper, J. W. Santa Barbara .. Elder wood. Corralis, J. Carpenteria Red peppers. Cosebeer, J. H. Santa Barbara .. Musical instrument of California wood. Crooks, Mrs. Dr Santa Barbara .. Jelly. Day, Tilrs. E. B Lompoc Jelly. Den, N. C - Santa Barbara .. Date palms. Dimock, Mrs. E. A Lompoc Jelly. Dimock, Mrs. H. C Lompoc Jelly. Dota, Mrs. J Santa Barbara .. Pinole. Douglass, C. Lompoc Mustard. Douglass, Mrs. G. T Lompoc Jelly. Dyer, JMay Lompoc ..Jelly. Earles, Mrs. J. F. Lompoc Jelly. [tion; plants and trees. Eaton, C. F... Santa Barbara .. Lemons— fresh ; guavas and oranges in solu- Eddington, Mrs. P Lompoc Jelly. Elliot, E Santa Barbara .. Indian relics; mangel-wurzels. KEPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 197 Santa Barbara County (State Building) — Continued. . Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Eschenberg, A. "\V Santa Barbara .. Table beets. Espinosa, A Carpenteria Peppers (8 var.) in solution. Faber, Geo. Santa Barbara -. Walnuts. Fisher, Mrs. ^I. A Lompoc Jelly. Fisk, Mrs. F. C. Lompoc Jelly. Franklin, G Carpenteria Peanuts. [nuts; wine. Goux, J. E.- Santa Barbara .. Okra in solution ; silk cocoons, seal skins ; wal- Hayne, W. A., Jr Santa Barbara .. Olives in solution. Higby, E ..- Santa Barbara.. Pears in solution. Hixon Sisters Santa Barbara .. Figs; marmalade. Hogue, Mr. Montecito Lemons. Hubbell, Mrs. S. J Lompoc Jelly. Hunter, J Santa Barbara .. Chinese lemons in solution. Johnson, H jNIontecito Lemons, orange wine. Kellogg, F. Goleta Apricots in solution. Kenney, Mrs. E Lompoc Jelly. Knall, C. A..-1 Carpenteria Potatoes. Knapp, E. J Carpenteria Beans; limes in solution; orange trees. Launer, C Santa Barbara ._ Gold-bearing sand. Lewis, H Carpenteria Beans. Lompoc Valley Exhibit Lompoc Apples (fresh). Mankins, Mrs. J. F Lompoc Jelly. Marshall, Alice Lompoc Jelly. McCabe, H. E Lompoc Barley. McKay, Wm Lompoc Mustard. Meiggs, P Santa Barbara.. Apricots in solution. Miller, Ella... Lompoc Jelly. Moreland, T. S Lompoc Wheat. Occidental Mining Co. Santa Barbara .. Petroleum. Packard, G. C Santa Barbara .. Honey; lemons. Parma, G. B Santa Barbara .. Wine. Phillips, A. H Goleta Grapevine. Pierce, J. B Santa Barbara .. Citron of commerce. Pomeroy, Mrs. M. Lompoc Jelly. Powers, Lena Lompoc Jelly. Eichardson, Emma Lompoc Jelly. Richardson, Mrs. W Lompoc Jelly. Robbins, C. E. . Lompoc Mustard. Rodriguez, Joseifa. Carpenteria Spanish preserves. Russell, G.. Santa Barbara.. Citron of commerce. S. Barbara W. P. Com.. Santa Barbara .. Pine cones ; tree moss. Santa Maria Pack. Co.. Santa Maria Canned fruits. Sargent, Miss F Lompoc Jelly. Saunders, Mrs. J Lompoc Jelly. Saunders, Mrs. W. A... Lompoc Jelly. Sawyer, E Santa Barbara.. Fruits in solution — citron, guava, . Schuyler, Annie Lompoc Jelly. Scull, A. C Goleta Corn. Selby, R. _.. Santa Ynez Olive oil. Sexton, J Santa Barbara .. Beans; cherimoyers in solution ; oats (2 var.); palm leaves ; pampas plumes ; plants and Shilling, Mrs. S. K. Lompoc Jelly. [trees. Short, Elizabeth Lompoc Jelly. Smith, J. R Goleta Broomcorn. Spence, Mrs. J. Santa Barbara .. Marmalade. Spence, Nellie Santa Barbara .. Jelly. Stevens, K Santa Barbara.. Fruits in solution — cherimoyer, lecheium edule, olives; pineapple; tree tomatoes; orange wine. Tebbets, G. P Santa Barbara .. Tree tomatoes in solution. Thurmond, J. K. Santa Barbara .. Walnuts. Veronica Co. ^. Santa Barbara.. Mineral water. Walley, Mrs. W. W Lompoc Jelly. Weeks, J. R Santa Maria Asphaltum. Wheelan, F. H Santa Barbara.. Beans. Wyles, Wm Carpenteria Nectarines and olives in solution. 198 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. SANTA CLARA COUNTY, (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exiiibit. Abbott, Mrs. J. E Saratoga Table fruit. Allen, C. H San Jose -. Dried prunes. Anderson, J. Z San .Tos6- Grapes in solution. A.nito, G San Jose Green peppers in solution. Appleton, G. W.- San Jos6 Quinces in solution. Aram, J San Jos6 I'ears in solution. Ashley, Mrs. M. E iNIilpitas Bird's-eye maple. Babb, Dr. C. C Evergreen Grapes and pomegranates in solution. Bailey, C. P San Jose Angora wool. Baker, A. T Los Gatos Grapes in solution. Ball, Mrs. P Gilroy Table fruits. Barber, E,. S Milpitas Onions in solution. Bellew, M Milpitas Vegetables and fruits in variety in solution. Bergin, J. J Mountain View. Claret wine. Berry, J. M San Jos^ Peaches in solution. Biddle, Margaret P San Jos6 Souvenir book; canes from Mt. Hamilton. Black, H San Jos6 Plums in solution. Booksin, L. A San Jos^ Peaches in solution. Boots, Wm Milpitas Asparagus in solution. Boyle, Miss A San Jos6... Painting of Santa Clara County wildflowers. Bracken, Mary San Jos6 Peaches in solution. Bradley, A. & C Saratoga Oranges in solution. Bradley, E. . San Jos^ Cherries in solution. Bradley Orchard San Jose. Almonds. Brainard, Mrs. M. D San Jos6 Pressed wildflowers. Bray, Frank Santa Clara Plums in solution. [in solution. Briggs, G. H Mountain View. Almonds ; English walnuts; fruits in variety Broughton, S. S San Jos6 Peaches in solution. Brown, D. M. San Jos6... Plums in solution. Brown, Mary S San Jose. Oil paintings. [walnuts for market ; wine. Bubb, J.P . West Side Almonds and grapes in solution ; almondsand Bullmore, E- New Almaden .. Quicksilver mine prospectus; cinnabar, quartz, etc.; mercury in flasks. Burns Wine Co., Paul 0. San Jos4 Brandy, punch, and wine in variety. Caldwell, Geo... San Jose Blackberries in solution. Cal. Grape Pood Co Los Gatos Unfermented grape food. Call, B. A Los Gatos Specimens of wood. Campbell, Mrs. Ben Campbell Table fruits. Campbell F. G. Union. Campbell Dried fruits in variety. Campbell, J. Z San Jose Loquats in solution. Canny, J. & Co San Jose Dried prunes. Chandler, J. H San Jose Dried prunes. Chesbro, Mrs. Dr Gilroy Table fruits. Chynowith & Lyon Edenvale Dried peaches. Cole, R. O... .- Berryessa Apricots in solution. [in solution. Cordes,P.H Gilroy Evaporated apples and pears; grapes in variety Cozzens Co., W. W. San Jos^ Dried prunes. Cranz, Chas San Jos6 Almonds. Craycroft, J. W. Milpitas Peas. Cupertino Wine Co Cupertino Clarets; grapes in variety in solution. Curdts, Henry San Jos6 Loquats m solution. Damonte, Mrs. A San Jose Glared fruits. [powder. De Latone, G SanJos^.. Cream tartar, from pomace to crystals and Dexter, Mrs. W Gilroy Table fruits. Do Fiore, A San Jos6 Pears in solution. [in variety. El Quito W. & 0. Farm. Santa Clara Grapes in varietj^ and olives in solution; wines Eschscholtzia Club San Jos6 Decorated china. Farmer, Mrs. E. H. Gilroy Table fruits. Feeley, D. C... Patchen Grapes in variety; cherries in solution. Field, Mary H San Jos^ Five books. Finnie, A. Wrights Dried prunes. Fisher, Thomas Coyote... Barley; oats. Fitzgerald, John Coyote Wheat. Fitzgerald, INIarcella A. Notre Dame, 8. J. Book of poems. Flemming, George A... San Jos^ Dried peaches. [tion. Flickinger, J. H., Co. .. San Jos6 Canned fruits, dried fruits, and fruits in solu- Foote, Mrs. H. A Campbell Table fruits. Fox, E. D San Jos6 Fruits in variety in solution. Gates, R. S. San Jos6 Apricots in sohition. Godfrey, Mrs. P^idward. San Jos6 Table fruits. Golden G. Canning Co. San Jos6 Canned fruits. Gordon, Mary L San Jos^ Di-ied apricots. Gunsolus, Mrs. D. H. ... West Side Table fruits. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 199 Santa Clara County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Guppy, E. H San Jos(5 Clarets. Haines, N.J San Jos^ -. ]]ranch of dates. Handy, George "W Los Gatos Dried prunes. Hardenberg, 1) Lps (iatos Peaches in solution. Hazeltine, E. 11 San Jose Apricots in solution. Headen, ^Nlrs. H. H San Jose (irapes in variety in solution. Hensell, G. W... San .lose Prunes in solution. Herrick, Mrs Saratoga. Table fruits. Hersey, Philo -- Santa Clara Apricots in solution. Hill, Mrs Campbell Table fruits. Hill, Mrs. F. W -- San.)os6 Decorated china. Hill & Yard San .lose --- J'hotographic views in Santa Clara County. Hogg, H. C - Saratoga. I'ried prunes. Hollowaj", Mrs. L Gilroy Table fruits. Homberger, Mr jNIountain A''iew. Parley, oats, rye, and wheat. Horn, Mrs East San Jos6... Table fruits. Hunter, G. S. Be'rryessa. Corn in solution. Ingalls, Mrs. S. T San Jos6 Cherries in solution. Ingham, Mrs. J Giilroy Table fruits. Isn, Mrs. Milton West Side Table fruits. Jordan, P. H. ..- Los CTatos Citrus fruits in solution. Keesling, H. G. San Jose Persimmons in solution. Kimberling, J. B .. Santa Clara Field and garden seeds (200 var.). Klein Fruit Drier Co... San Jos4 Dried prunes. Lantz, Rose Evergreen Tidies. Lefranc, H San Jose Wines in variety. Leigh, H San Jose._ Apricots in solution. Lick Observatory Mt. Hamilton .. Gi transparencies of heavenly bodies, etc. Little, Mrs. L. Oak Grove ... ._ Almonds; wheat. Los Flores Winery Cupertino Clarets. Los Gatos & Saratoga Wine Co. Los Gatos Wines in variety. Lusson, P. M San Jos6 Dried fruits in variety; grapes in solution. McGiincy, Mrs. A. M... Campbell. Table fruits; fruits in solution. McGlincy, K. P. Campbell I'eaches in solution. Mann & Co. San Jos^ Peas and blackberries in solution. Masson, Paul San Jos6 Wines in variety. Meyer, S. D. . San Jose Tomatoes in solution. Miller, Henry Gilroj' Fruits in solution. Miller, Jacob .- IJerryessa Apricots in solution. Mintie, A. E. San Jos^ P'ruits in variety in solution. Mitchell, J. C San Jos6 Cherries in solution. Morrell, H. C Wrights Italian chestnuts. Morse, C. C Santa Clara Field and garden seeds (200 var.). Newby, A. E. San Jos6 Dried apricots. Nicora, Rolando San Jos6 Peppers in solution. Norrish, J Patchen .... Blackberries; chestnuts. Notre Dame College... San Jos6 Photograph of date palm and Notre Dame Col- lege; poems in memory of Sister Mary Cor- nelia, silk embroidery. Ogen, N. H Gilroy Prunes in solution. Peeler, Harold G San Jos6 Decorated china. Penniman & Co ... San Jos^ PvVaporated apples. Pfeffer, Wm Saratoga <;rapes in solution. Pierce, J. P Santa Clara (jrapes in variety in solution. Polhemus, Geo. B San Jose Oats. Pollard, Mrs. L. H Cupertino firapesin solution. Pollard, L. W. San Jos6 Grapes in variety in solution. Radovitch, Bozo Saratoga Grapes in solution. Richards, W. S San Jos6 Apricots in solution. Riverdale Fruit Co San Jos6 Dried apricots. [persimmons, plums. Rock, John San 3os6 Cherries, gooseberries, loquats, medlar, peaclies, Rogers & Frank San Jos6 Dried apricots and prunes. Ross, Marcellus .. San Jos6 Cherries in solution. Sage, Mrs. A. L. Saratoga Table fruits. Sanborn, Geo. W Mountain View ICnglish walnuts; pears. Sanders, Mrs San Jos6 Table fruits. San Felipe Havana Tobacco Co Gilroy Cigars. Sanger, Mrs. Thos. C... San Jos*5 Loquats in solution. San Jos6 Packing Co... San Jos6 Pears in solution. Saratoga Packing Co... Saratoga _.. Dried prunes. Saunders, S. P... SanJos6 .... Almonds in solution. 200 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Santa Clara County (State Building)— Continued. ■ Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Schultze, Henry San Jos6 -. Cherries and peaches in solution. Schupp, J San Jos6 Dried fruits. Scott, Mary A Santa Clara Table fruit. Scott, Mrs. M. S Saratoga .. Peaches in solution. ' Selby, J. S SanJos^ Peaches in solution. Shafter, F. R San Josg Dried fruits. Shallenberger, M .. San Jos6 Loquats in solution. Shaner, J.J Los Gatos Dried prunes. Shaw, Mrs. I. Berryessa. Apricots in solution. Shaw, R. D..- Campbell.- Dried prunes. Shaw, W. Berryessa Prunes in solution. Shumer, J Saratoga.. Figs in solution. Sister Joseph .._ Notre Dame, S.J. Decorated china. Smith, Mrs. B San Jost§ _ Table fruit. Smith, C. C Evergreen Oranges in solution. Snow, Mrs. James San Jose .-. Tidies. Snyder, Jacob Evergreen Dried prunes. Start & Morrison San Jose Dried peaches. Stern, S. H San Jos6 Blackberries in solution. Stevens, 0. Coyote Dried apricots ; cherries in solution. Streight, Professor Mountain View. Redwood slab and painting. Syers,R San Jos^ Pears in solution. Taffe, Mollie San Jos6 Book of poems. Tarleton, G. W San Jos6 Peaches in solution. Tauedt, John Saratoga Clarets. Tenney, F. M Milpitas Green prunes in solution. Theasby, Philip Los Gatos Dried prunes. Thomas Fruit Co., E. E. San Jos6 Dried prunes. Tisdale, Betty ... San Jose Book of poems. Todd, W. A — - San Josg Dried apricots. Wagoner, J. C San Jos6 Dried pitted plums; prunes. Walter, Carrie Stevens. San Jose Book of poems. Ward, W. E. & Co San Jose Dried peaches. Warren Dried Fruit Co. San Jos6 Dried peaches. Watkins, Mrs. L.J. San Jose Jellies in variety (made for the county). Weber, C. M Coyote Ores, chrome iron, magnesite. West Side F. G. Ass'n.. Santa Clara Dried apricots and prunes. Wetmore, G. H Saratoga Cherries in solution. Whipple & Rouse San Jose Dried peaches. Whitney, Mrs. W Gilroy Table fruit. [flower. Whittaker, Miss N. V.-- San Jos6 Paintings on redwood — pansies and eucalyptus Williams, John H San Jose Gooseberries in solution. Wiltz, R San Jose Comb honey. Woodhams, Mrs. A. R.. Santa Clara Table fruits. Worthen, Mrs San Jose Table fruits. Yagle, Charles San Jos(5 Summer squash in solution. Yocco, C. - Los Gatos Citrus fruits in solution. [wood. Yonge, Helen Alma Table fruits; silk embroidery; lilies painted on Younglove, Mrs. E. D.. West Side Table fruits. Zeus, Prof. Carl San Jose Four water color paintings. VENTURA COUNTY. (State Building.) Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Adams, Mrs. W. G. Ventura Jellies. Anderson, M. H Santa Paula Beans. Archer, Dr New Jerusalem . Honey in variety. Atmore, Carrifi Santa Paula Jellies. ' [celery Atmore, M Santa Paula Fruits in solution — apples (2 var.); prunes; Ayers, E. Ventura Oats. Baker, E. P. Nordhol'f Olives in solution. Baker, Mrs. F. W Ventura Jellies. Baker, H. W. Saticoy Beans. Bard, T. R. Hueneme Apricots in solution. [plums; wheat. Barnard, A. D ^ ..Ventura. Fruits in solution — loquats, peaches, pears, Barnard, E. L .- Ventura Red peppers. Barnes, C. Ventura Fruits in solution — apples, prunes. Barnes, G. S Ventura Blackberries in solution. Barnes, Mrs. G. S. Ventura Jellies. [nectarines. Barnes & Son Ventura. Apricots ^nd nectarines in solution; dried REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. ' 201 Ventura County (State Building)— Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Barnes, Mrs. Wm. H. „ Ventura Jellies. Beckwith, C. Santa Paula Beans. Blanchard, N. W Santa Paula Grapes in solution. Bowen, G. W Ventura Blackberries in solution. [plums. Bnggs, J. S Ventura Fruits in solution — apricots, figs, peaches, Bryson, C. C. Santa Paula Beans. Butcher, Mrs. B\ R Ventura Jellies. Byers, P. L.. Santa Paula Beans. Callis, E. Ventura Beans. Camarille Bros Springville ... . Olives in solution. Carle, 0. C. .■ Santa Paula .... Oranges in solution, Cassiday, R. H. Ventura Beans. Chadsey, B. F Bardsdale Figs and plums in solution. Clark, M. H Nordhoff Plums in solution; wheat. Cloud Bros West Saticoy Apricots (2 var.) — dried and in solution. Colin, S. Kew Jerusalem . Beans. Comstock, A. B. Simi Prunes in solution. Comstock & Myers Ventura Dried apricots (2 var.). Cook, D. C. --- Piru City Fruits in solution — apricots, figs, lemons, olives, oranges, pomeloes, prunes, shaddocks, tree Cook, Mrs. O. P Ventura Jellies. [beans. Crane, G. G. Saticoy Plums (2 var.) in solution. Crecilius, Mrs. J. B Ventura Plums in solution ; jellies. Crothers, Mrs. J... Ventura Jellies. Crumrine, H Santa Paula Lemons, limes, and oranges in solution. Cummings, J. F Santa Paula Beans and vine. Curran, Mrs. R. E Ventura Jellies. Darling, D. Saticoy Beans; corn. Del Vaille Bros. Camulos Almonds (21 var.). Dickinson, J. M Saticoy English walnuts. [cluster. Dudley, B. W -. Ventura Pears in solution ; English walnuts and walnut Duval, E. A. Saticoy Apricots (5 var.)— dried and in solution. Easley, W Santa Paula Fruits in solution— peaches (2 var.), Japanese Edmondson, R. B Ventura Beans (5 var.). [persimmons. Egbert, J. M Ventura Raspberries in solution. EverettjA.. Montalvo. Fruits in solution — apricots, peaches; dried Faulkner, G. W -.. Santa Paula Beans. [apricots. Feraud, J Ventura Barley. Fish, H. — Ventura Beans (2 var.). Fish, Mrs. W. K Ventura Jellies. Flint, H. P Ventura Bird seed. Flint, S. H. Saticoy Barley in sheaf. Fordyce, J. Nordhoff Lemons and oranges in solution. Foster, E. P Ventura Fruits in solution — apricots (3 var.), peaches, pears, plums (3 var.). Foster, F. A Ventura Fruits in solution — apples, apricots, blackber- Foster, Mrs. F. A Ventura Jellies. [ries, figs, peaches; walnuts. Garrett, Colonel Ventura Blackberries in solution. Gibson, E -.. Nordhoff... Oranges in solution. [prunes. Gold stone, J. Ventura... Fruits in solution— cherries (4 var.), plums, Goode, G. W. WestSaticoy English wahiuts. Gosnell, T. B Ventura Beans (2 var.), nectarines. Graham, Z. New Jerusalem. Beans. Gridley, S. C. Nordhoff Lemons and oranges in solution. Griffins, E WestSaticoy Beans. Grimes, D Fillmore Prunes in solution. Hall,Anderson& Burns Nordhoff Olive oil ; oranges in solution. Hall, E. P Ventura Apples in solution. Hall, Mrs. E. P Ventura Jellies. Hanson, }>l. L. Ventura Plums in solution. [tion. Hardison, W. L Santa Paula Egyptian corn; lemons and oranges in solu- Harzfield, Mrs. L Ventura Jams. Hobart, Mrs. Frank Ventura Jellies. Hollingsworth, E Ventura Aiiricots and plums in solution. Hoppins, ^Irs. A. M Ventura Jellies. Howe, W. S Nordhoff Lemons in solution. Hubbard, F. G. Ventura Apricots and plums in solution. [var.> Hubbard, G. F. Ventura Fruits in solution— apples, plums, prunes (S Kaiser, Mrs. J. M Ventura Jellies. Keene, J. Santa Paula Raisins. Kelsey, J. B Ventura Prunes (2 var.) in solution; beans (2 var.). Kelsey, T. A WestSaticoy Beans (8 var.); prunes in solution. Kelsey, V -.. Santa Paiila Beans. 202 . REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Ventura County (State Building)— Continued, Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Kennedy, J. L Matiliia Oranges in solution. Kennedy, L. V New Jerusalem. Peanuts. Kenney, C. _ Fillmore Miiscat wine. Kiler, J. P Ventura Fruitsinsolution— pears (2 var.),i3lums, prunes. Kiler, Mrs. J. P Ventura ..- Jellies. Land and Water Co Las Posas Barley in sheaf. Levy, A. Hueneme Beans (2 var.). Lewis, D • New Jerusalem . Beans. Lewis, W. L Montalvo .. Beans. Lloyd, B. E Santa Paula Nectarines (2 var.)— dried and in solution. Lombardo, F Montalvo.. Beans (10 var.). Lynn, W. S. Ventura Baspberries in solution. Lyons, Mrs. E, Matilija. Lemons and oranges in solution. Martin, W. W Ventura Plums (2 var.) in solution. Mays, A. Ventura Fruits in solution — nectarines, peaches, pears Mays, Mrs. A. Ventura ^.. Jellies. [{'6 var.), prunes. McClelland, E. Ventura Peaches in solution. McDonald, W. B. H, Santa Paula Oranges in solution. McFarland, J. Ventura Plums in solution. McKevett, 0. H Santa Paula Lemons, oranges, and pomeloes in solution. McKevett, Hattie Santa Paula Jellies. McLaughlin, M New Jerusalem . Beans. "McLure, J Saticoy -.- Lemons in solution. McMillan, Mrs. H Nordhoff.. Olive oil. [var.), peaches, prunes. Morrison, T. G _.- Ventura Fruits in solution — apricots, blackberries (2 Moss, W. C West Saticoy Beans (2 var.). Notten, J. W Ventura Plums in solution, English walnuts. Osborne, J. M Ventura Loquats in solution. Overmire, M. S Saticoy - Plums in solution. Power, Mrs. G. C Ventura Jams and jellies. Pratt, Mrs. Wm Ventura Jams and marmalades. Price, A. -.. Ventura Beans (2 var.), plums in solution. Price, Mrs. A Ventura Jams and jellies. Ready, W. E. - Ventura Beans (5 var.). Reese, Mrs. H. M Santa Paula Jams and jellies. Richards, W. D. F West Saticoy. .. Canary seed. Riley, J. M Ventura Blackberries in solution. Riley, W. M. _-. Ventura Apricots in solution. Robinson, Capt Ventura Edible gourds — "choco"in solution. Say, J. R. D - Santa Paula Lemons, limes, and oranges in solution. Seeley, W \A'est Saticoy English walnuts. Seeley, W. R. - WestSaticoy Beans, corn, walnuts. Sewell, Mrs. G. G - Santa Paula Jellies. [cots (3 var.). Sexton, H Ventura Apricots and prunes in solution; dried apri- Sheldon, C. H - Matilija.. Oranges in solution. Silva, J Montalvo... Beans. Smith, N. B Ventura Fruits in solution — apricots, nectarines (2 var.), peaches, pears, prunes (2 var.), quinces. Soper, P. W Nordhoff Wheat. Stall, E Bardsdale Pears in solution. Stilwell & Wilsie Nordhoff Oranges in solution. Thacher, E. S. Nordhoff Oranges (3 var.) in solution. Thompson, D.W Ventura Beans. Vance, T. L. Santa Paula English walnuts. Ventura City Pears in solution. Ventura County Fair Wool. Ventura Court House Grounds Tree tomatoes in solution. Walker, J Ventura Apricots in solution. Walker, L .Ventura Fruits in solution — apricot, cherries (3 var.), loquats, peaches (2 var.), pears (3 var.), jJums Walton, J. N Ventura Plums in solution. [(9 var.), prunes; wheat. Wason, M Saticoy Beans (6 var.); citron in solution. Weldon, W. R. H. Ventura Crabapples in solution. Wells, M. T. Saticoy Beans, corn. Wickoff, J. B Nordhoff Oranges in solution (8 var.). Wilson, L. D. B Ventura Cactus fruit in solution. Wolfe, I. W Nordhoff Olives — pickled and in solution. Wolff & Lehmann Hueneme Beans. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 203 WELLS, FARGO & CO.'S HISTORICAL EXHIBIT. Portraits of Founders. — Henry Wells and William G. Fargo. Portraits of Presidents. — E. B. Morgan, tirst President ; D. N. Barney, second President ; A. H. Barney, third President ; Louis McLane, fourth President ; Henry Wells, lifth President; William G. Fargo, sixth President; Lloyd Tevis, seventh President, and John J. Valentine, eighth President. Portraits of Directors. — Benjamiii P. Cheney, Leland Stanford, C. P. Huntington, Mark Hopkins, Charles Crocker, and others. Portraits of Managers of DejMrtments. — E. Mason Cooper, manager Pacific Department of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express, at San Francisco; Amador Andrews, manager Central Department, at Kansas City; Dudle,y Evans, manager Atlantic Department, at New York City; Plomer S. King,'manager"of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Bank, at San Francisco; James Heron, Secretary, and Henry Wadsworth, Treasurer of Wells, Fargo & Co. Portraits of Sujierintendents, etc. — S. D. Brastow, Superintendent Western Division, Pacific Department, Wells, Fargo tt Co.'s Express ; L. F. Rowell, Superintendent South- western Division; William Pridham, Assistant Superintendent Los Angeles District; James B. Hume, chief detective ofiicer of Wells, Fargo & Co.; photographic group of officers and employes taken in 18S.5. Photographs of Buildinqs and Offices Wells, Fargo & Co.^s Express. — At San Francisco (old and new quarters); at Jersey City; at the City of Mexico; at Treasure City, Nevada, and Austin, Nevada; at Sacramento, San Jos4, Los Angeles, and Bodie, California; at Nogales, Arizona, etc.; photo of Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Bank at San Francisco. Statistics of Growth. — Pamphlet giving number of oHicers and agents in 1857, showing the number of offices to be 78 and of employes about 320. In contrast to this was the data for 1892, showing the number of offices to be nearly 3,000 and of employes 6,000. .John J. Valentine. — Document showing appointment as agent at Strawberry Valley, Cal., in 1862, being at the beginning of his career as an expressman ; document showing his appointment as sole traveling agent in 1866 ; notice of his appointment as General Superintendent in 1869 ; photographs of Mr. Valentine as General Superintendent, and later as President of Wells, Fargo & Co. in 1892. Photographs of Messengers, etc. — Photo of Geo. Hackett, a shotgun messenger; of Mike Tovey, an intrepid shotgun messenger or guard; of John Brent, shotgun messenger; of "Chips" (Pillsbury Hodgkins), an express character of early mining days, who served ■with the company'forfortj' consecutive years; of Aaron Y. Ross, a daring messenger; of Buck Montgomery, the shotgun messenger who was murdered by the Ruggles brothers in 1892; of George D. Roberts, messenger who was overcome by Evans and Sontag in 1892; of W. H. Taylor, "Shotgun Taylor," one of the most celebrated managers of the stage service; of Hank Monk, a noted stage driver of the Sierras. Samples of Express Books, Blanks, etc. — Office seals, letter daters, guide books, direct- ories, original waybills and statements, sundry circulars relating to the express business, old advertisements referring thereto, "Pony" stamps, express franks, bills of exchange, money orders, tables of tariffs, distances, etc. Interesting Relics. — Black Bart's valise, captured after the last exploit of this notorious highwayman, on the stage road Sonora to Milton, 1883; Black Bart's "armament," being simply a double-barreled shotgun; iron treasure-box used on covered coaches; "a burst grip-bag," being a specimen of dynamite warfare; reward posters for robberies of stages and railroads; photos of scenes'about the San Francisco office after the nitro-glycerine explosion in 1866, by which four men connected with the Express lost their lives; photo of train of Concord coaches; printed proceedings of Vigilance Committee in 1856; news- paper clippings showing execution of Cora and Casey by Vigilance Committee in 1856; relics of the Folsom office in the '.50's; Harnden's valise, or leather "grip-sack," illustrat- ing the humble origin of the express business; Wells, Fargo & Co.'s Express directory, 1856; crayon of "Samson," the largest grizzly bear ever caught; a bogus bar of gold; bullion bags and sandals; treasure-boxes, both intact and broken open by robbers; shotguns, pistols, and other weapons of defense; the oldest railroad pass in existence, being given in 1836 over the Boston and I^owell Railroad ; relics of train robbers, includ- ing masks, planes, chisels, iron bars, sandals, etc. Miscellaneons. — Columbian souvenir coins of 1892 (face and reverse), one coin being presented to each of the six thousand employes of the company as a "keepsake"; pen and ink drawing "Across the Continent," by Aaron Stein, assistant to President Valen- tine ; circular dated October 25, 1860, reporting completion of first telegraph line across the continent ; circular dated May 22, 1.S69, announcing the opening of the Central Pacific Railroad, or through overland service by rail from ocean to ocean ; view of San Francisco in 1849; lithograph of the California Stage Company's equipment in 1853, said to be the first lithograph print executed in California; also other articles of interest. 204 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. MISCELLANEOUS EXHIBITS IN CALIFORNIA BUILDING. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Atkinson, G. F San Francisco... Wood novelties. Cahill & Hall San Francisco... Two model passenger-elevators. Chaffee, W. H Pine City Specimens of forest products. Forbes, J. P. & Co San Francisco... Castalian mineral water. Gladding, McBean&Co. San Francisco... Triple-terraced crib of terra cotta, inclosing central date-palm and fountains. Gunn, Mrs. J. O'B San Francisco... Stuffed peacock. Morgan, A.W San Francisco... Grizzly Dear (stuffed and mounted). Overland MonthlyPub- lishingCo SanFrancisco Set of bound volumes of magazine; original Pacific Parlor, No. 10, illustrations and half-tones. N. S. G. W SanFrancisco... Silk "bear flag." Price, E. M West Point Panther or "mountain lion" (stuffed). Ryerson, Jennie S SanFrancisco Spanish drawn work. [bears, etc. Schmid, R. SanFrancisco... Statues of "California" and "Hebe"; casts of Schaefer, F. A Truckee Cases of butterflies and night moths. Shasta Lumber Co Section of sugar pine, six feet in diameter. Southern Pacific Co SanFrancisco... Maps and pamphlets descriptive of California. Strong, Mrs. H. W. R... Whitt.ier "Pampas Plume Palace." "San Fran. Chronicle". SanFrancisco... Specimens of stereotype plates, etc., used in printing the "Chronicle"; copies of regular and special issues. "The Examiner" SanFrancisco... Copies of special and regular issues of "The Examiner" ; specimen stereotyped pages. Thompson, C. H. SanFrancisco... Sea-lion's head (mounted). Watkins, S. L Grizzly Flats ... Wild fruits and nuts. Yosemite Stage Co SanFrancisco... Relief map of Yosemite Valley. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 205 CONDENSED LIST OF ALL CALIFORNIA EXHIBITORS AND EXHIBITS. PRIVATE OR OTHERWISE, EXCLUSIVE OF THOSE IN THE STATE BUILDING, AT THE WORLD'S COLUMBIAN EXPOSITION. The report of the California World's Fair Commission, strictly speak- ing, would include a record of such exhibits only as were collected and maintained at Chicago under legislative enactments. There were, how- ever, many excellent displays by individuals, firms, and associations, that were hot made under the auspices of this Commission. In order, therefore, to present briefly California's entire showing at the Exposi- tion, there is added below a condensed list of all exhibitors from this State who were represented in the great department or national build- ings. In most instances the mention of an independent exhibitor conveys no idea of the extent, costliness, or beauty of his exhibit. For instance, H. Liebes & Co., in making their display of furs in the Manu- factures and Liberal Arts Building, erected a sightly and imposing pavilion, expending probably several thousand dollars in its construc- tion and maintenance, but are necessarily restricted in this report to a single line, giving their address and articles exhibited. It will be understood that the State and county exhibits included in this list are specially described elsewhere. When the " State of Califor- nia " is named as an exhibitor, the display embraces a great variety of articles, to which many individuals and counties contributed, all being arranged and maintained by the California World's Fair Commission. Taking the sixteen great departments, with their respective buildings and inclosures, as enumerated in the official catalogue of the Exposi- tion, it will be seen that California was represented in every one. Agricultural Building. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Bilz, J. A. - - Pleasanton Orchard and vineyard plows. [etc. California, State of Sacramento Collective exhibit of cereals, pulse, vegetables, Hooper, G. F Sonoma Olive oil. Pircn, A. Los Angeles Reversible side-hill plow. Roberts, J. H. Sacramento Model of traction engine. Southern Cal. AVorld's Fair Ass "d Los Angeles Honey. Live Stock Department. Bailey, C. P. San Jos6 Angora goats (42 head). Horticultural Building. Pomological, Floricultural, Horticultural, and Arboricultural Groups, Allen, L. E. & Co San Diego Guava ielly and preserved figs. Bishop (t Co. Los Angeles Crystallized and preserved fruits. California, State of Sacramento Collective exhibits of fresh fruits and fruits in solution (in South Rear Curtain); and of canned and dried fruits, jellies, nuts, olive oil, pickles. culinary, vegetables, etc.(in North Cogswell, Thos. San Diego Patent fruit-basket. [Pavilion). Cooper, EUwood Santa Barbara .. Olive oil. 206 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. ' Horticultural Building — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. El Cajon Valley World's Fair Association El Cajon Canned and dried fruits, jellies and raisins. Escondido Land and Town Co Escondido - Eaisins. Escondido World's Fair Association Escondido. Canned and dried fruits, grains, photograms, Flickinger, The J. H. [etc. Co. San Jose Canned and dried fruits. Ford, G. W Santa Ana Walnuts. Fresno Canning Co. ... Fresno Canned fruits. Griifin & Skelley Co. .. Riverside and Fresno Raisins. Hatch, A. T San Francisco .. Almonds in variety. Joplin, Mrs. J. C Tustin Canned and crystallized fruits, jams and jellies. Kimball, F. A National City... Pickled olives and olive oil. Kimball, W. C. National City... Pickled olives, etc. Los Angeles County .. Los Angeles "Orange Column" and "Liberty Bell" in or- Los Nietos and Ran- [anges. chito Walnut Grow- ers' Association Rivera Walnut tower. Lusk, A. & Co San Francisco .. Canned fruits. McFarland, J. R Dehesa Raisins. Mann, C. L... San Francisco .. Tree-pruner. Matlock, D. B San Jose Fruit-gatherer. Noble Bros Fresno.. Raisins. Onstott, J. P. Yuba City Seedless grapes and raisins. San Jos6 Fruit Packing Co. San Jose Canned fruits. Saratoga Packing Co... Saratoga. Prunes. Southern California World's Fair Associa- tion (embracing the counties of Los An- geles, Orange, River- side, San Bernardino, San Diego, Santa Bar- bara and Ventura) .. Los Angeles Citrus fruits (South Rear Curtain); orange and lemon orchard in bearing; callas, roses, cy- press hedge and ornamental plants (Open Strong, Mrs. H. W. R. . Whittier Model of storage reservoirs. [Court.) Woman's W.F. Society. San Diego Cacti in variety. Viticultnral Group. Alameda County wine- makers (8 exhibitors) Oakland Wines and brandies. Burns, P. O., Co San Jose... Wines and brandies. California, State of Sacramento.- Collective exhibits of wines and brandies (30 Carpy & Co., Gundlach [contributors). & Co., Haraszthy & Co., and Napa Valley [Tree." Wine Co. Wines and brandies in "Mammoth Redwood Jarvis, C4. M., Co San Jos4 Wines and brandy. Korbel Bros San Francisco... Redwood tank, wines, etc. Sanders & Co. San Francisco... Continuous still. Stanford, Leland, estate Vina Wines and brandies, wine fountain, panoramic State Viticultnral Com- view of cellar, etc. missioners. Board of. San Francisco... Vines, paintings, photographs, and viticultural Stern, C. & Sons Los Angeles Wines and brandy. [literature. Besides those above specified, several growers named in the " List of Exhibits " as con- tributing to the State display, made individual exhibits also, including F. L. Fowler and Lilienthal & Co., of Alameda County. Mines and Mining Building. Atkinson, G Oakland Model of well-boring machine (also, full-size machine outside of building). California, State of Sacramento Collective exhibit, including placer gold, gold in quartz; ores of gold, silver, copper, lead, tin, zinc, qiiicksilver, antimony, etc.; gems; onyx, marble, rubellite, and buifding-stones in gen- eral; asphalt and petroleum; salt, etc.; old- fashioned mining utensils— Marshall relics. REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 207 Mines and Mining Building — Continued. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Deidesheimer, P. Model of mine-timbering. Poble, Abner, Co San Francisco .. Test of tool-lieads and sledges. Hamilton, A. C Model of mine-timbering. Hatch, John San Francisco .- Cabinet of minerals. Hoff, J. D Asbestos. Moody it Sherwood Fresno Fuse-cap fastener. Eisdon Iron Works San Francisco .. Quartz mill. [concentrator. Woodbury, G. E San Francisco .. Ore-breaker and feeder; quartz mill and ore- Manufactures and Liberal Arts Building. Atkinson, G. F San Francisco -. Wood novelties. ["Ten-Block System." Bancroft, A. L. San Francisco .. Map of Contra Costa County, exemplifying the California, State of Sacramento Educational charts and statistics, explanatory Catholic Educational [of public school system of California. Exhibit , - Contributions from the archdioceses of San Francisco, dioceses of Sacramento, Los An- geles, Monterey, etc., the first-named show- ing work from 16 colleges and academies, 34 parish schools, 11 kindergartens, and 3 tech- James, Lucy J Pomona Skeleton corset. [nical institutions. Kreling, F. W.& Sons . San Francisco -. Banjos. Liebes, H., & Co.. San Francisco .. Manufactured furs. Schlueter, A. & F. Oakland Oil cans. School for Feeble- Minded Glen Ellen Students' work and photographs of students. Schumacher, F. G Los Angeles Photographs. Steckel, G Los Angeles Platinoty pes, albumen and artistic prints. Williams & Shepard... San Francisco .. Photos, flash light. Machinery Building. Gumming, G. & Co San Francisco .. Portable forges and handblowers. Doolittle, J. P Los Angeles Hose-couplings and bands. Golden State and Min- ers' Iron Works San Francisco .. Compound steam-engine. Schenk, W. T. Y San Francisco .. Swinging hose-reel. Forestry Building. California, State of Sacramento Collective exhibitof native woods (65 varieties), cones, and photographs ; big-tree, redwood Humboldt Lumber and sugar-pine pillars in colonnade. Manuf'rs Ass'n Eureka -. Picdwood shingles (from old Fort Humboldt), sound after 40 years' exposure. Korbel, F. & Bro. San Francisco .- Eedwood tank. In the exhibit of Berry Bros., Detroit, there was also a redwood plank, from Humboldt County, Cal., measuring 16 feet 5 inches in width, 12 feet 9 inches m length, and 5 inches in thickness. Transportation Building. Americ'n Balance Slide Valve Co San Francisco .. Balance slide valve. Bilz, J. A Pleasanton Pneumatic sulky. Bowen, E. -.. Los Angeles Car-coupler. Cahill & Hall . San Francisco .. INIodel passenger elevator. California Wire Works San Francisco .. Ropeway, wire, and wire rope. Hallidie, A. S San Francisco .- Car, dummy, grip, etc., used!^on first cable road O'Kane, J. San Francisco .. Saddles and harness, [in San Francisco, in 1873. Kouy, G Redlands Three-wheeled phaeton. Union Iron AVorks .:.. San Francisco .. Model of works and shipyard, occupying floor- space 40 feet square and showing workshops, dwellings of eniploy<^s, vessels on the stocKs and in dry dock, and warships afloat, armed and equipped for service. [brake-lever. Weeks, G Oakland Model of rail joints and couplings, and jointed Anthropological Building. California State Board of Health Sacramento Reports and statistics. [ically Pacific Flush Tank Co. Los Angeles Apparatus for flushing sewers, etc., automat! California was also indirectly represented, more or less, in the Section of Archaeology, as for example: 208 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Anthropological Building— Continued. In E. E. Ayer's (Chicago) archfeological collection, by Indians' work, especially baskets and garments. In the Department Exhibit, collected by S. Bowers, of bones, bone and stone imple- ments, arrowheads, etc., from the Santa Barbara Islands. In F. G. Logan's (Chicago) collection (made by H. N. Rust) by stone implements, pottery, garments, and weapons. In the Section of Physical Anthropology (Department Exhibit) there were Indians' skulls from Santa Barbara County, and charts showing physical characteristics of Cali- fornia Indians. Woman's Building. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. Ainsworth, N. T. Los Angeles Drawn linen. Basebe, C. E. Larkspur Portrait on porcelain. Bender, Sarah E. San Francisco .. Frieze designs and oil paintings. Blohm, L. San Francisco -- Hand-carved furniture (10 pieces). Bradley, Mrs. E. P. San Francisco .. Oil painting and designs for leather work. Brown, Mary S San Jos^ Oil painting— grapes. California Keramic Club San Francisco .. Case of specimens of keramic art. California Reception or Redwood Room Room on east side of gallery, 36 by 28 feet. The walls were covered with panels of curly redwood and redwood burl, while frieze designs, pyrogravures, panel paintings in oil, keramic work, vases, rugs, and a set of handsome furniture, hand-carved, all from California, were used with splendid English, H. St. B Los Angeles Decorated jardiniere. [decorative effect. Fuller, M. San Francisco .. Oil painting. Harmon, A. Oil painting. IMcCormick, M. E San Francisco .. Oil painting. Neale, Mrs. V. San Rafael Painting on china. O'Hara, Lilian San Francisco .. Pyrogravures. Rideout, Alice San Francisco .- Groups of statuary on roof-line of building; bas-reliefs on east and west pediments. Rowand, A. W. San Francisco .. Decorated china. Ryerson, Jennie S San Francisco .. Lace and draw^n work. Sheldon, Mrs. H. P National City... Algte and shells. Sleeth, L San Francisco .. Oil painting. Sroufe, S. San Francisco .. Oil painting. Stringer, B... Oil painting. Wait, Frona E San Francisco .. Design for decoration and furniture of "Cali- fornia Redwood Room." Westfall, Miss M. J. ... Pacific Grove .... Collection of Pacific Coast alga?. Scattered along in the frieze of the "Record Rooms " were several carved-wood panels by Californian women; books by Californian women were in the "Library"; the W. C. T. U. space in the "Organization Room" was adorned with a panel of native woods, on which were painted landscapes in Santa Cruz, Monterey, and San Benito Counties, and in the "Assembly Room " hung a crayon likeness of Mrs. Sarah B. Cooper, of San Francisco. Leather and Shoe Trades Building. Corrugated Rivet Co... San Francisco .. Riveting machinery. Devlin, T Areata Harness leather. Frank, S. H. & Co. San Francisco.. Leather and tanbark. McNulty, P. F San Francisco.- Boots and shoes. Wade & Co -- San Francisco.. Saddle. United States Indian School Building. Coahuilla Day Mission School Indian pupils' work. Fort Yuma Training School Fort Yuma Literary work, models of houses and wicker- Soboba Day School, [work hut, by Indian pupils. Mission Agency Colton Indian pupils' work. Ukiah Day School Ukiah -.. Indian pupils' work. Electricity Building. Keith, N. S - San Francisco .. Electric motors. Pelton Waterwheel Co., San Francisco.. Water wheels (in connection with exhibits of General Electric Co. and Westinghaus Elec- tric Co.) REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 209 United States Government Building. In the exhibit of the "Smithsonian Institution " were specimens of costumes, orna- ments, and basketry of California Indian tribes; life-size figures of a Hupa Indian family; stuffed California wood-rats and their nests, and a herd of eight stuffed sea-lions. In the " Rotunda " stood a section of a sequoia gigantea, 23 feet in diameter at the base and 30 feet in height. In the "Agricultural Department" space were stuffed California ground-squirrels, and a coyote represented in the act of killing sheep; a relief-map of the San Joaquin and Death Valleys ; and enlarged models of the "cottony cushion " or "fluted " scale and its deadly foe, the Australian lady-bird, which latter has proved so beneficial in citrus orchards. In the "Geological Survey" were topographic relief-maps of the Yosemite Valley, Mount Shasta, and a lava-field near Lassen Peak. Fisheries Building. Exhibitor. Address. Exhibit. California, State of Sacramento Flexible casts of food-fishes. [birds. San Diego High School. San Diego Fishes, shells, sheU-work, corals, and marine Merchant Tailors' Building. Pinking, R. San Francisco .. Suit of clothing. Fine Arts Building. (Exhibits are paintings, unless otherwise stated.) Alexander, H (Now in N. Y.).. "Chinese Interior." Borglun, J.G. Los Angeles "Indian Scouts " (bronze). Brown, A. Page San Francisco .. "The California Building at World's Columbian Exposition " (water color 9 by 4 feet). Duvall, Fannie E Los Angeles "Chrysanthemum Garden," "Study of Onions." Irwin, Benoni (Now in N. Y.).. "Portrait of H. Herkomer," "Sweet Sixteen." Keith, Wm. San Francisco .. "Autumn Sunset." i^^Y Mission." McCormick, M. Eveljm San Francisco .. "Morning at Giverny, France," "Old San Luis Mathews, A. F San Francisco -- "Judith." [trait of Mrs. H." Peck, Orrin (Now in Munich) "Blessing the Flowers," "Love's Token," "Por- Peixotto, G. D. M (Now in Paris).. "Portrait of a Child." [Gatherers." Rose, Guy Los Angeles "Endof Day," "Food for the Laborers," "Potato Rosenthal, Toby (Now in Munich) "A Dancing Lesson of our Grandmothers." Tilden, Douglas (Now in Paris).. "Baseball Pitcher" (plaster), "Indian Bear- Hunt" (bronze), "Tired Boxer" (plaster), "Young Acrobat" (bronze). Rose Garden on the Wooded Island. California Nursery Co.. Niles Beds of roses. Sherwood Hall Nurse- ries... Menlo Park Margin of sweet-peas— 16 varieties. Midway Flaisance. Afro-American Ostrich Farm (concession)... Fallbrook . 28 living ostriches. California, State of Sacramento Orchard and nursery — orange, lemon and other citrus trees ; apricot, fig, olive, peach, plum, and shade trees ; palms ; roses ; guava, loquat, ornamental and flowering shrubs. 14w 210 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. FINANCIAL REPORT. The financial statement of the Commission, included under Exhibits "A," " B," " C," and " D," hereto attached, shows the total receipts and disbursements from April 14, 1891, or the date when the Commission perfected formal organization, to June 12, 1894, the date of submitting this final report: In Exhibit "A" is shown the aggregate receipts and disbursements in the several departments of Agriculture, Horticulture, Viticulture^ Mining, etc., together with expenditures under such separate heads as Construction, Freight, Insurance, Furniture and Furnishings, General Expense, Office Expense, etc. The column of receipts shows a total of $320,181 34. This represents the original appropriation by .the State of $300,000, the balance being made up of rebates, refunds, rents, and salvage from sale of furniture and miscellaneous articles. The items under rebates, refunds, etc., represent for the most part the return of deposits and advances necessarily made during the Exposition. For instance, soon after reaching Chicago with the exhibits, the Commission was called upon to deposit with the Treasurer of the Exposition the sum of $2,000, as a guarantee that the agreed percentage of receipts from the cafe on the roof-garden of the California Building would be paid. The check drawn for this amount constituted a disbursement, and was so entered on our books. Later, when the deposit was returned it was entered under the general head of " Receipts," but was in reality a refund of money advanced. In a somewhat similar manner the suna of $1,299 was advanced by the Commission on account of expenses con- nected with the California Reception Room in the Woman's Building, which amount was afterwards returned by the State out of the special appropriation to defray the expenses of the Reception Room. When first drawn, the $1,299 constituted a disbursement, and when returned^ a receipt, but the transactions, so far as the funds of this Commission are concerned, were apparent rather than real. The actual net receipts, for which there was no previous outlaj'-, aggregate about $7,350, being represented almost solely by rents from the cafe and booths, and by receipts over expenses in the souvenir department. An itemized state- ment of receipts, both direct and indirect, is given under Exhibit " B." In Exhibit " C " appears an itemized record of disbursements showing the persons or firms to whom payment has been made, the purposes for which expenditures were authorized, and the sums of money drawn. Vouchers and receipts for all disbursements are submitted herewith, separate checks having been drawn for each voucher filed. Each item of expense is shown in the report by vouchers numbered consecutively, enabling any one so desiring to refer readily to the voucher itself in the office of the State Controller for fuller details. Very small disburse- ments were grouped under the head o| " Sundry Bills " and " Petty Cash," the items being too numerous to justify the space they would naturally occupy in a printed report. All salaries were paid by indi- REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 211 vidual checks, but after work in collecting exhibits had begun, salaries are represented in Exhibit *' C " collectively under the head of Pay Roll, with the exception of a single month (September, 1893), which is taken as a sample month, where the names of employes are given, together with the amounts they received. Exhibit " D " gives the reports of expert accountants who, under offi- cial instructions, have made careful examination of the financial trans- actions of the Commission, as shown by the office records. The first report covers the period from April 1, 1891, prior to the formal organ- ization of the Commission, to March 6, 1893; the second report covers the period from March 1, 1893, to June 4, 1894, the latter date being the day prior to the holding of the final meeting of the Commission. The two statements therefore constitute a continuous report of the fiinancial transactions of the Commission. The financial statement as a whole shows total receipts to be $320,- 181 34, and total disbursements, $299,815 96, leaving an unexpended balance of $20,365 38, which amount has been returned to the State. As referred to in our letter of transmittal, a carefully matured plan as to the best methods of displaying the exhibits from California at Chicago, together with a detailed estimate of expenses, had been prepared before the Exposition opened, and was adhered to, with the exception of such modifications as unforeseen circumstances seemed to warrant. In the estimate several thousand dollars had been set aside to defray possible expenses of tearing down the California Building and restoring the grounds to their original condition, this being an obligation that had been imposed upon all States. But inasmuch as we were successful in effecting a sale of the building on such terms that a small amount was received over and above the cost of removal, the contingent fund was largely increased. During the latter weeks of the Exposition it became apparent that by careful management there could be returned to the State a substantial amount as a surplus, and at the same time carry out to the fullest extent the very liberal plans for bringing California to the attention of the world, therefore it was decided to effect as large a saving as should be consistent with judicious economy and the best interests of our great commonwealth. 212 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. EXHIBIT "A." RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS (ARRANGED UNDER DEPARTMENT HEADS) OP THE CALIFORNIA WORLD'S. FAIR COMMISSION. From April H, 1891, to Date of Final Report, June 12, 1894. Disbursements. Receipts. (Inclurliui; Re- bates, Refunds, Salvage, Rents, Etc.) State appropriation Furniture and furnishing. Rent. Stationery Postage - - Telephone and telegraph Office expense -. Miscellaneous Miscellaneous printed matter Freight Passage to and from Chicago Local passenger fares Construction Department Expense No. 1 — Wood and Forestry .. Department Expense No. 2 — Mining ^^ Department Expense No. 3 — Horticulture Department Expense No. 5 — Art Department Expense No. 6 — Fish and Viticulture. Department Expense No. 7 — Agriculture -.. Legal expenses .._ Commissioner's transportation — First District Commissioner's transportation — Second District .. Commissioner's transportation — Third District Commissioner's transportation — Fourth District .. Commissioner's transportation — Fifth District Commissioner's transportation — Sixth l>istrict Commissioner's transportation — Seventh District . Board Lady Managers — First District Board Lady Managers — Second District Board Lady Managers — Third District Board Lady Managers — Fourth District Board Lady Managers — Fifth District Board Lady Managers — Sixth District Board Lady Managers — Seventh District Secretary Board of Lady Managers Sundries Board of Lady Managers .■... Exchange - Insurance Official publication (World's Fair Magazine) Publicity and promotion Jelly exhibit Religious exhibit Educational exhibit Relief map — Decorations Badge fund Preliminary World's Fair -.. Sundries Transportation Department Miscellaneous expense— San Francisco office Bxpressage Cartage and storage - Restaurant ..- General expense - Lighting California Reception Room Souvenir Department.. - Mineral water Entertainment ._. California book — distribution of Unexpended balance Totals Dr. $4,712 54 2,386 00 1,207 90 1.046 55 1,320 48 21,793 15 3,499 63 1,050 88 20,380 87 1,163 45 188 30 105,667 08 4,516 70 13,261 90 13,468 92 3,419 03 9,892 97 8,552 52 842 00 2,333 00 2,000 00 2,000 00 2,000 00 2,000 00 2,000 00 2,000 00 1.056 50 932 05 1,177 50 1,140 00 1,265 00 977 50 675 00 287 50 1,920 86 37 25 4,353 20 1,160 00 4,836 82 2,342 82 1.057 65 4,877 71 3,134 98 4,971 43 2,105 00 229 17 2.047 59 929 74 562 95 1,127 19 3,715 12 13.364 76 1,424 91 650 46 410 39 1,044 25 3,150 54 146 25 20.365 38 $320,181 34 Cr. $300,000 00 793 86 44 12 4 25 124 82 393 05 20 00 820 05 15 00 189 75 23 56 111 44 158 15 333 00 20 00 551 97 150 00 79 25 75 68 1,962 51 450 00 240 02 4,020 00 7 80 102 82 575 70 1,494 05 110 65 5,919 83 390 02 $320,181 34 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 213 EXHIBIT "B." RECEIPTS. (Including refunds, rebates, salvage, rents, etc.) State appropriation $300,000 00 Net receipts— Ilents from caf(S and booths „ 5,963 95 Salvage — 8ale of California Building 500 00 Salvage — iNliscellaneous sales -.. 1,1M5 06 Sales — In Souvenir Department (expense of department, $410 39) 1,494 05 Sales — Souvenir badges (cost, .$2,105) 1,962 51 Sales— Restaurant fixtures (cost, .^^1,695 12) 2,000 00 Refund — Deposit given for restaurant concession. 2,000 00 Partial refund of money advanced for lectures 60 00 Refund from B. Fehnemann for non-issue of magazine. 150 00 Cash from State for money advanced account California Reception Room (Woman's Building) 1,299 61 Cash credit, being transfer from Educational to Promotion and Publicity account . 19 25 Overcharge on voucher No. 64 - -. 30 22 Refund of money advanced for Fish Exhibit . 45 94 Refund from Hyde Park Gas Company, account deposit made 30 00 Cash from E. Cooper for freight charges advanced by Commission 2 34 Cash from Liebes it Co. for freight charges advanced by Commission.. 22 46 Sale of cheese-cloth purchased for decorating 67 68 From Mathison Smelting Company, account Mining Exhibit 47 75 Refund on canceled insurance policies (building and paintings) 551 97 Sale of two logs at Forestry Building 15 00 Refund from Commissioner Daggett, to be paid Commissioner ]Mathews 333 00 Refund of cash advanced by Commission for wine storage 65 50 Refund of cash advanced by Commission for freight on wine 132 00 Refund for showcases -. 20 00 Credit to San Francisco office on receipt of vouchers for same 200 00 Refund of money paid for office stationery returned 4 25 Cash received from J. Markley, resident Secretary, on rebates, etc. 24 52 Cash received from G. W. Dunn, being money advanced by J. Markley 15 50 Cash received from S. ISliller, to reimburse Commission for Yosemite map 40 00 Refund from Hyde Park Gas Company, deposit and interest 102 82 Amount donated by Lady Managers toward purchase of showcase 20 00 Various freight rebates 303 00 Refund of deposit on return of key to Mining Department.. 2 00 Cash from Kimball dt ('obb Stone Company, damage to column ^.. 50 00 Cash from Southern Pacific Company, refund of salary advanced 450 00 Cash from Southern Pacific Company, rebates on two railroad tickets 20 00 Various freight rebates 902 36 Cash from C. H. Thompson, refund for sea-lion's head 50 00 Balance on hand from sale of county certificates 4 60 Sale of San Francisco office furniture.. 297 00 Total receipts, including rebates, refunds, etc $.320,181 34 Total expenditures 299,815 96 Balance on hand June 12, 1894 (date of submitting final report) $20,365 38 EXHIBIT "C." DISBURSEMENTS. Voucher. 1891. July 31— John Craig, salary (May, June, and July) Assistant Secre- tary $300 00 Aug. 31 — John Craig, salary (August) Assistant Secretary 100 00 Sept. 30 — John Craig, salary (September) Assistant Secretary 100 00 Oct. 30 — John Craig, salary (October) Assistant Secretary 100 OO Nov. 30 — John Craig, salary (November) Assistant Secretary 100 00 1 Dec. 1 — Pacific Towel Co., service April to November 1st 6 25 2 George Jones, ton coal 13 oO 3 S. F. District Telegraph Co., messenger service 2 95 4 A. J. Forbes & Son, cabinets, counters, etc 130 50 5 Ames, Parker & Co., stationery 5 75 6 Ackerman & Kohn, carpets, shades, etc 192 35 214 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Voucher. 1891. Disbursements— Continued. 7 Dec. 1 — John Craig, "Alta California," May to June 1st 8 Pacitic Postal Telegraph Cable Co., telegrams, June to October 9 J. P. Mighell & Co., typewriters and d'esk 10 Bancroft Co., stationery 11 Columbia Rubber Stamp Works, rubber stamp pad 12 Cal. Gas Fixtures Co., gas fixtures to order 13 Hicks-Judd Co., letterheads, envelopes, etc 14 Nathan, Dohrmann & Co., cuspidors 15 Scott & Brannan, pad for typewriter 16 Swan & Stein, lettering on doors.. • 17 Will& Finck, keys 18 W. B. Walkup, map of California 19 Western Union Telegraph Co., telegrams, May to August 20 H. S. Crocker Co., office stationery. ... 21 Pacific Telegraph and Telephone Co., telephones. May to November 22 Bancroft-Whitney Co., Civil and Political Codes 23 Gold and Stock Telegraph Co., messenger service to October 24 "The Examiner," subscription and advertising 25 "Evening Post," subscription 26 " S. F. Chronicle," subscription and advertising for bids 27 "Evening Bulletin," subscription.. 28 "Daily Report," subscription 29 L. C. Eraser, agent, rent to January 1, 1892 30 W. W. Butler, janitor, April to November 17, 1892 31 F. S. Chadbourne & Co., desks, chairs, tables, etc.. 32 Not audited. 33 E. W. McKinstry, legal services 34 Petty cash to November 30th 35 Crocker-Woolworth National Bank, exchange P. R. Dec. 31 — John Craig, December salary Assistant Secretary 1892. 36 Jan. 14 — Thomas H. Thompson, to and from Chicago 37 Jan. 16 — Hicks-Judd Co., postage, envelopes, and printing 38 Dempster Bros., copying ... 39 Geo. Jones, coal and wood... 40 W. W. Butler, janitor, Nov. 17th to Jan. 1st 41 Pacific Telegraph and Telephone Co., telephone, Dec. and Jan 42 W. B. Walkup, map of Chicago 43 H. S. Crocker Co., hie and stand 44 L. C. Eraser, agent, rent of office, January 45 Pacific Postal Telegraph Co, telegrams, Nov. and Dec 46 AVestern Union Telegraph Co., telegrams, Dec. 1st 47 A. T. Hatch, Commissioner's transportation 48 Jas. D. Phelan, Commissioner's transportation 49 R. McMurray, Commissioner's transportation 50 Thos. H. Thompson, Commissioner's transportation 51 Irving M. Scott, Commissioner's transportation 52 John Daggett, Commissioner's transportation 53 L. J. Rose, Commissioner's transi^ortation 55 Crocker-Woolworth National Bank, exchange 54&56 John Craig, account salary. (See P. R. charges.) 57 S. F. Call Co., advertising "for bids on building 58 "The Examiner," advertising for bids on building 59 "The Chronicle," advertising forbids on building 60 W^. W. Butler, janitor for January 61 H. S. Crocker Co., stationery 62 Hicks-Judd Co., envelopes and printing 63 Office Specialty Manufacturing Co., Shannon files P. R. John Craig, January salary. P, E,. Hester A. Harland, January salary (12th to 31st) 64 Feb. 11— Petty cash, December to January 15th 28 72 65 Not audited. 66 B. Fehnemann, 2,000 copies World's Fair Magazine 150 00 67 Hester A. Harland, account salary. (Charged to P. R.) 68 Feb. 13 — A. Page Brown, first premium building plans 200 00 69 B. McDougall & Son, second premium building plans 100 00 70 J. C. Pelton, Jr., third premium building plans 50 00 71 Samuel Newsoni, fourth premium building plans 50 00 72 Pissis & Moore, fifth premium building plans 50 00 73 L. C. Fraser, agent, rent for February 85 00 P. R. Feb. 29— John Craig, February salary Assistant Secretary 150 00 P. R. Hester A. Harland, February salary stenographer 75 00 P, R. J. R. Robinson, February salary (13th to 29th) canvasser 40 00 $1 95 52 55 113 75 265 75 26 40 51 50 7 50 2 00 10 50 1 25 1 00 92 74 226 25 62 60 6 00 16 65 12 20 1 65 14 40 2 10 2 00 680 00 105 00 268 00 500 00 133 20 7 50 100 00 236 80 10 00 2 00 6 50 14 50 18 15 2 00 64 50 85 00 1 15 40 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 50O 00 600 00 500 00 18 75 13 50 16 80 21 00 7 00 7 75 24 75 11 40 150 00 47 50 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 215 Voucher. 1892. Disbursements— Continued. 74 March 12 — Hicks-.Tudd Co., books, circulars, etc... 75 Petty cash, January and February 76 W. V\^ Butler, janitor for February 77 "Western Union Telegraph Co., telegrams for February 78 E. M. Gallagher, staining and varnishing 79 Office Specialty Manufacturing Co., document files SO George Jones, coal and wood •81 Pacific Telegraph and Telephone Co., telephone, Feb. and March ■82 H. S. Crocker Co., stationery 83 B. Fehnemann, 2,000 copies February World's Fair Magazine ■84 Heywood Bros. & Co., 3^ doz. ant. oak chairs 85 L. 0. Fraser, agt., rent for March P. R. A. J. Moulder, March salary (4th to 31st) Financial Secretary P. R. John Craig, March salary Assistant Secretary P. R. Hester A. Harland, stenographer P, R. T. C. Judkins, news editor, March 19th to Slst.. P. R. J. R. Robinson, canvasser 86 April 1 — Thomas Hatch, first payment on wood contract S6}4 April 13 — Southern Pacific Railroad Co., for five 3000-mile tickets 87 April 16 — B. Fehnemann, 2,000 copies March World's Fair Magazine. . 88 L. C. Fraser, agt., rent offices, April 89 W. W. Butler, janitor service, March 90 H. S. Crocker Co., stationery 91 Not allowed. 92 A. J. Forbes & Son, partitions and gallery, etc ■93 Hicks-Judd Co., printing and books ■94 Frank Eastman & Co., newspaper clippings, etc. ■95 Petty cash for March •96 Miss Faustina Butler, first payment floral contract •97 April 22 — B. Fehnemann, 2,000 copies April World's Fair Magazine '98 April 23 — L. B. Hopkins, gathering statistics in Forestry Department... ■99 April 26 — Alfred V. La Motte, payment in full account Fish Exhibit 100 Southern Pacific Railroad Co., for two 3,000-mile tickets P. R. AprilSO— A. J. Moulder, April salary Financial Secretary -.. P. R. John Craig, April salary Assistant Secretary P.R. T. C. Judkins, April salary news editor P.R. Hester A. Harland, April salary stenographer P.R. Julia K. Blanchard, April salary stenographer (part of month) P.R. Thomas H. Thompson, April salary Secretary 101 May — California Academy of Sciences, rent of hall 102 Frank Eastman & Co., World's Fair bulletins 103 L. C. Fraser, agent, rent for May ■104 W. W. Butler, janitor for April 105 American District Telegraph Co., telegrams and messenger service.. 106 Columbia Rubber Stamp Works, stamps and pads 107 H. S. Crocker Co., stationery 108 Mrs. Anna M. Reed, transportation 109 Southern Pacific Railroad Co., 3000-mile ticket 110 Petty cash for April _ 111 Hicks-Judd Co., printed matter ._ 112 J. R. Robinson, expenses as advance agent 114 Pacific Postal Telegraph Cable Co., telegrams for April 115 Geo. H. Fuller Desk Co., two office desks 116 E. W. Hogan, services (9 days) 117 B. Fehnemann, 2,000 May World's Fair Magazines 118 World's Columbian Exposition, freight charges on 7 logs 119 Thos. Hatch, second payment account wood contract P. R. Thos. H. Thompson, May salary as Secretary P. R. A. J. Moulder, May salary as Financial Secretary P. R. T. C. Judkins, May salary as news editor P. R. Hester A. Harland, May salary as stenographer P. R. Julia K. Blanchard, May salary as stenographer P. R. Hester A. Harland, Jlay salary as Secretary Lady Managers 119^ June 2 — Wm. H. McNeil, services as Superintendent Viticultural Dept. 120 Salary Jilining Superintendent for May P. R. June 15 — Mrs. Jno. S. Reed, May salary as Lady Manager P, R. Mrs. V. S. Bradley, May salary as Lady Manager P. R. Mrs. A. M. Marsellus, 5lay salary as Ladv JIanager. P. R. Mrs. Ella S. Cummins, May salary as Lady Manager P. R. Mrs. E. O. Smith, May salary as Lady Manager P. R. Mrs. Olive C. Cole, Mav salary as Lady Manager P. R. Mrs. Flora M. Kimball, May salary as Lady Manager 121 Petty cash for May $47 75 566 16 S 00 9 09 34 00 15 00 7 00 26 65 25 30 150 00 27 00 85 00 135 00 150 00 75 00 60 00 35 00 250 00 187 50 150 00 85 00 7 50 24 20 187 25 36 50 22 00 115 50 250 00 150 00 100 00 650 00 75 00 150 00 150 00 150 00 75 00 36 00 300 00 30 00 86 00 85 00 7 50 42 30 11 05 39 11 19 00 37 50 188 75 43 25 25 65 14 59 72 00 15 00 150 00 6 00 250 00 300 00 150 00 150 00 75 00 40 00 25 00 75 00 1.50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 50 00 .50 00 50 00 50 00 198 90 216 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. Voucher. 1892. Disbuesements — Continued. 122 June 16 — L. C. Fraser, agent, rent for June 123 Sterling Furniture Co., repairina; desk 124 Frank Eastman & Co., 8,000 World's Fair bulletins 125 Hicks-Judd Co., circulars and envelopes 126 H. S. Crocker Co., letterheads 127 S. W. Backus, P.M., stamps 128 B. Fehnemann, June issue World's Fair Magazine 129 W. W. Butler, janitor for May -.. 130 Thos. Hatch, making cases 131 Miss F. Butler, second payment floral contract 132 Thos. Hatch, third payment wood contract 133 June 18 — John Daggett, Commissioner's transportation 134 Robt. McMurray, Commissioner's transportation 135 A. T. Hatch, Commissioner's transportation 136 Irving M. Scott, Commissioner's transportation 137 Jas. D. Phelan, Commissioner's transportation 138 L. J. Rose, Commissioner's transportation 139 S. W. Fergusson, Commissioner's transportation 113 June 21 — W. \V. Montague & Co., apparatus for shipping fish... 140 J. Browning, office safe 141 T. H.Goodman, railroad ticket for Robinson 142 T. H. Goodman, railroad ticket for H. Story 143 July 1 — P. B. Wight, first payment as consulting architect. 144 July 6 — Hampden Story, canvasser, June 20th to 30th 145 July 13— The Hicks-Judd Co., printed matter 145)^ The Hicks-Judd Co., printed matter 146 A. J. Forbes & Son, carpenter work 147 July 14 — A. Page Brown, architect fees 148 July 13 — L. C. Fraser, agent, July rent 1483^ Petty cash for June 149 July 19 — A. Page Brown, paid P. B. Wight, architect 150 July 13— W. W. Butler, janitor for June 151 Frank Eastman & Co., World's Fair bulletins 152 Ackerman & Kohn, merchandise 153 Salary Mining Superintendent for June. 154 B. Fehnemann, June and other World's Fair magazines. P. R, Board Lady Managers, June allowance P. R. Office payroll, June 154J^ August — Wells, Fargo & Co., expressage on jars 155 Hampden Story, expenses while canvassing 156 J. R. Robinson, salary and expenses while canvassing 157 Wells, Fargo & Co., expressage on glass j ars 158 L. C. Fraser, agent, rent of offices for August 159 G. H. Fuller Desk Co., Soak tables 160 W. A. Clark, design for California badge 161 F. Eastman & Co., copies of World's Fair bulletins.. 162 W. W. Butler, janitor for July 163 Estee, Fitzgerald & Miller, legal services. 164 Petty cash (July) 165 H. S. Crocker Co., stationery 166 The Hicks-Judd Co., postage and printed matter 167 Thos. Hatch, fourth installment wood contract 168 A. J. Nelson, expenses, Religious Exhibit 169 Heidenreich Co., account construction of building.. ... P. R. Payroll for July, including allowance to Lady Managers 169}^ Sept. — The Heidenreich Co., account construction of building.... 170 Hicks-Judd Co., circulars and envelopes 171 L. C. Fraser, agent, rent for September 172 Western Union Telegraph Co., telegrams in August 173 . A. J. Nelson, expenses, Religious Exhibit 174 Leo. E. Alexander & Bro., typewriter table 175 C. W. Childs, traveling expenses Educational Exhibit 176 Southern Pacific Co., ticket for Mrs. V. S. Bradley 1'77 Southern Pacific Co., ticket for Mrs. E. 0. Smith... 178 W. W. Butler, janitor for August 179 Whitall, Tatum & Co., museum jars, Jelly Exhibit 180 Petty cash for August 181 H. S. Crocker Co., stationery, letterheads, etc 182 E. A. Wilson, salary, one half month. Educational Department. 183 P. M. Fisher, printing and expenses. Educational Department . 184 E. A. Worth, freight and cartage, Jelly Exhibit 185 Wm. H. McNeil, postage, Viticultural Department... $85 OO 10 00 61 OO 13 00 33 50 20 00 150 00 12 00 10 00 250 OO 250 OO 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 00 500 OO 500 00 48 61 200 OO 37 50 37 50 200 00 50 00 70 50 11 00 12 90 656 25 85 OO 153 85 102 37 12 00 82 50 22 00 150 OO 260 00 350 00 990 00 65 00 144 75 166 05- 23 OO 135 00 32 00 25 OO 91 50 12 OO 250 00 109 53 35 45 70 25 500 00 65 00 7,650 00 1,550 OO 1,350 00 81 00' 110 00 10 20 43 00 10 00 16 00 37 50' 37 50 16 00 577 71 68 25' 36 45 60 00 13 00 45 98 10 00 REPORT OF world's FAIR COMMISSION. 217 Voucher. 1892. Disbursements — Continued. 186 Sept. — C. M. Wells, traveling and other expenses, Horticultural Dept. .. $56 00 187 Southern Pacific Co., ticket, Mrs. Marsellus 37 50 188 Thos. H. Thompson, traveling expenses 45 60 189 Chas. H. Gilbert, expenses, account Fish Exhibit 182 45 190 W. W. Thorburn, expenses, account Fish Exhibit -.. 59 30 191 John J. Herr, auditing books and accounts 60 00 192 Illustrated Pubhshing Co., World's Fair bulletins, etc --. 35 00 193 Heidenreich Co., account construction of building 16,080 42 194 Southern Pacific Co., ticket for Horticultural Department 37 50 195 David S. Jordan, money advanced to pay for material and work, account Fish Exhibit - 250 00 196 Southern Pacific Co., ticket for jNIrs. Olive C.Cole 37 50 197 Southern Pacific Co., ticket for Mrs. P. M. Kimball.-- 37 50 198 P. B. Wight, account fees consulting architect 175 00 P. R. Payroll for August (including salary Lady Managers) 1,700 00 P, R. Mrs. John S. Reed, salary for September, Lady Managers ... 50 00 P. R. Miss J. K. Blanchard, salary for September (one half month) 25 00 P. R. Oct. 4 — Payroll for September (including salary Lady Managers) 1,715 00 199 Oct. 11 — Hicks-Judd Co., printing World's Fair envelopes and notes 57 50 200 Fireman's Fund Insurance Co., insurance on building 350 00 201 Wm. H. McNeil, traveling expenses, Viticultural Department 18 95 202 R.B. Callev, cartasre, ielly iars- 13 50 203 W. W. Butler, janitor for September 16 00 204 A. Page Brown, account architect fee's 313 50 205 Petty cash for September 105 12 206 Paci'fic Telegraph and Telephone Co., telephone service for October.. 10 80 207 L. C. Fraser, agent, office rent for October 110 00 208 F. Eastman & Co., World's Fair bulletins . 52 00 209 Wells, Fargo & Co., expressage on fish to Massachusetts 309 90 210 Oakland Plome Insurance Co., insurance on State building 175 00 211 London and Lancashire Insurance Co., insurance on State building . 125 00 212 Thos. Hatch, fifth payment wood contract 250 00 213 " Mrs. E. S. Cummins, catalogue Woman's Literary Exhibit 23 00 214 For legal services at Chicago 10 00 215 Faustina Butler, third payment floral contract 250 00 216 Heidenreich Co., account constructing building ■ 13,369 58 P. R. Nov. — Payroll for October (including salary Lady Managers) 1,765 00 217 J. A. Bldwell, traveling expenses 65 00 218 Petty cash for October 37 00 219 L. C. Fraser, agent, November office rent 110 00 220 W. W. Butler, October janitor service .- 16 00 221 Pacific Telegraph and Telephone Co., November telephone service ._ 10 30 222 A. Page Brown, architect fees 167 11 223 Hicks-Judd Co., circulars 5 50 223>^ H. S. Crocker Co., supplies. Educational Department 58 90 224 H. S. Crocker Co., stationery 9 00 225 Western Union Telegraph Co., telegrams September and October.... 9 87 226 Phoenix Insurance Co., insurance on Uuilding 175 00 227 Fireman's Fund Insurance Co., insurance on building 175 00 223 Carruth & Carruth, printing. Educational Department 10 75 229 William C. Ross & Co., removing trees (Chicago) 25 00 2-30 C. A. Worth, freight and cartage 23 89 2.31 Whitall, Tatum tt Co., jelly jars 87 32 2.32 Thomas H. Thompson, Secretary, fare to and from Chicago.. 396 65 233 Illustrated Publishing Co., printing bulletins 35 00 234 Harden Hand Grenade Co., grenades for building 78 00 235 A.J.Nelson, expenses. Religious Exhibit 14 00 236 Thomas Hatch, sixth payment wood contract 200 00 2.S7 Miss F. Butler, fourth payment account floral contract 250 00 2.38 Mrs. John S. Reed, traveling expenses 75 00 239 William H. McNeil, fare to and From Chicago 110 00 240 P. B. Wight, account architect fees 280 42 241 Hyde Park Gas Co., gas deposit .33 QO 242 W\ D. Johnson, first payment relief map 1,000 00 243 Heidenreich Co., account construction of building 5,325 00 244 Southern Pacific Co., ticket for Mrs. E. O. Smith ,37 50 245 World's Columbian Exposition, sewer connections, etc 239 17 P. R. Dec. 1— Payroll for November, including Lady Managers' salary 1,890 00 P. R. Dec. 14 — Marie Byrne, salary to December 14th 25 00 246 Dec. 15 — Thomas Hatch, seventh payment account wood contract 500 00 248 B. Pasquale