r -1-1 NS ;••^l• * ^^v.;•^;• • ^v•V'••^;: •!'^v-ftv.> w-w;*/.;: :V:;;«, ^PS 1294 I .C77 N5 \ \ 1894 i Copy 1 ■i-F i>IHILISTS! f^^i- !»:^f '9i"i- A TRAGEDY IN FIVE ACTS AND NINE TRANSFORnATIONS. BY M. A. CHROSTOWSKL »:;•; f:*;* I PRICE, 25 CENTS. ■■;':?■■ * ;*.•:•.■••;•:» :•■■.•••.■.•'••.! • /.•■.•••.y-i.i ^ ;*•'.••■.■•■•;..• • \ .•.•••.•:;.; « . .•.••-.>:»•; » •.•••.■.•.•>; !» ..■•.VCiun * ..•.••■.■•:/..• • */.*!•: NIHILISTS A TRAGEDY N FIVE ACTS AND NINE TRANSFORMATIONS. BY M. A. CHROSTOWSKI.h\ e PRICE, 25 CENTS. Cleveland, Ohio: THE \VILL5AMS PUBLISHING AND ELECTRIC CO. 1894. Copyright, 1894, Bv M. A. Chrostowski. / THIS WORK, ,K TOREK OF MV 1 DEBXCATb TO MOST REVEREND ,RCHB.SHOI>, ME.R ^^^ ...rST PO..SH NATIONA. CH.RCH A WORD OF INTRODUCTION FROM THE PUBLISHERS. In issuing this work, so uncommon to the American public, and written by a man of a foreign birth, we feel the necessity' of a few words of explana- tion in regard to the author's life and works. We will extract some of the details as given by one of the leading dailies of this city: The Cleveland Tvcac/er, speaking of the life of the author of "Nihilists," says : " In 1443 the Chrostowsld family was given a title of nobility, estates and a coat of arms by King Ladistav IV. of Poland, in recognition of bravery displayed in one of the battles against the Turks. The coat of arms bears a sword and two crevScents. Chrostowski's great-grandfather was an officer under Kosciusko, and was killed in battle one httndred years ago. His grand; father was killed in the revolution of 1830. In the uprising of 1863 two of his uficles were killed, and his father was banished to Siberia for life for the part he took in the revolt. He was pardoned at the end of six years. Eleven years ago Chrostowsld entered college at Moscow, and enlisted with the Nihilists, because they promised the Poles freedom. He was an active member. Many other young Polish students, who saw no better way to liberty, did likewise. Six months later, Chrostowsld was involved in an attempt to wreck the office of a bitter government newspaper. There was a fight in the street between a large force of students and the police. Many were killed and wounded. He was sent back home b}' the government, but he slipped away under the eyes of the police and came to this country. It should not be understood that Chrostowski is in any sense an advocate of dynamite, because nothing could be farther from the truth. He is fearless in advancing his ideas, but not by force except where the freedom of Poland is concerned. In 1886 he was the editor of a New York Polish paper, called '' Ogaisko'' {Fireside).* The paper, despite its growing popularity, was wrecked by too liberal religious views. \t that time, also, "Nihilists" was written by the author in Polish. The imitation boml^ shown in the play seemed to have too much realism, for after it was going to be produced for the second time on the amateur stage in New York, it was suppressed by the police at the instigation of the Russian consul, b}- express orders of Mayor Hewitt, in violation of the Constitution of the United States. Mr. Chrostowski then went to Chicago, where he estab- lished another paper, called Reform. The Polish priests declared that paper to be anarchistic, and made a systematic crusade against it, so that he lost many thousand dollars and had to give it up. During the Presidential campaign of 1892 he assisted in the election of Cleveland, by conducting 1 another paper established by himself, called Progress, in New York. He holds letters of praise signed by W. F. Harrity, W. F. Sheehan and Josiah Ouinc\^" We 'may add that after the campaign he sold out Progress and removed to this city, where he established a paper called Jutrzenka, or The Morning Star, about two and a half 3'ears ago, of which he is at the present time editor. He has devoted his time and energies to the advance- ment of liberal and progressive ideas among his countrymen." It was fM'. < A. Chrostowski, who, through the medium of his paper, as well as through personal propaganda, started among the Poles the so-called Inde- pendent Catholic movement. He has drawn its principles, laid down its foundations, and has contemi^lated the scheme of the general revolt of the Poles in this country against the Church of Rome. His efforts and his most earnest solicitation in behalf of progress and enlightenment, as well as true American citizenship, have borne fruits so w^ell that the first Polish Inde- pendent Catholic convention, held August 21 in this city, w^as represented by delegates from fourteen different congregations throughout the United States. Most Reverend Y. R. Vilatte, Archbishop of the Polish American Catholic Independent Church, was elected their supreme spiritual pontiff, and recognizing Mr. Chrostowski's invaluable services and devotion to the movement for religious independence, has elected him a "Knight of the Order of Crown of Thorns," " Chevalieux de laCourounc d'Epiaes," this being the highest mark of distinction at the disposal of the Independent Catholic chvirch. Besides "Nihilists," M. A. Chrostowski has written a few novels, which we expect to give to the American public at an early day. One of the novels, entitled 'Deceived' — founded on life in'' this country — bearing on the labor and other interesting questions, is now being trans- lated, and will be read}^ for publication soon. THE PUBLISHERS. DRAMATIS PERSON>e. ♦ Czar — Alexander II j Louis Melikow— his Prime Minister jTheCzar'sCouncil, Katkow— Editor Moscow A^evVvS ( constituting the General Tkrentjew— an old Soldier ( so-called Hol\' Nicholas — Patriarch of the Russian Church | Synod. Zelechowski — Lord Chief Justice, ) LuDMiLA Terentjew— wife of (General Terentjew | Sophie Perowska Zelabow I Kroloef I R YSAKOW KiBAEZYTZ Sac HA Prince Alexander — the Czar's Chamberlain (trynie^mtzki — a Pole from Warsaw .NihiUst!' A (rcndaniic, suljsc(iucntly made C;iplain by the Czar. ''■'^''^' ; Gend armcs Blochow j MlCHAILOW 1 ,, . ,, ,r TTr /Russian feasants. Ills UlI'E I Starosta Russian Village Magistrate His Assistants Count Perowski Father to Sophia Xe.via .\n old nurse to Sophie Perowska Frolow The Exeeutit )ner Six Jurors, who pronounce the verdict upon Sophie Perowska and Rysakow. Two assistants to F'rolow, four Russian Priests, Prison Turnkey, ( icndarmes, Mounted Cossacks, Soldiers and People. Tile scenes are laid in aiid around St. Petersburg, capital of Russia. ACT I. Scene 1.— The stage represents a small house in St. Petersburg, on the outskirts of the citv, not far from the Winter Palace. The house stands on the front of the stage, its' front room open to spectators. It has two doors— one at the right side and one at the back. From the window at the left is visible the Winter Palace, brilliantly illuminated. The interior of the room shows tools for digging, dyna- mite, and" an electric batter}- in the corner. There is a small table and a poor couch. A 3'oung man of about thirty years, pale-faced and wearing whiskers, is seen dressed like a Russian workman, in red Russian shirt and high boots. He looks through the window towards the palace, and listens for a moment to the sounds of sweet music in the distance, and then shakes his hand with threatening gesture in that direction, and speaks. Kroloff— Ah ! There is music in the palace. His imperial highness, the Czar of Russia, holds a reception to-night. He entertains his friend and ally, the Prince of Bulgaria. Surrounded by the very flower of beauty, wit, wealth and powder, amidst all the luxury that man can enjoy, he dreams not that, powerful and (almost) omnipotent though he is. surrounded by his thousands of henchmen, death is so near him. Death, the invincible destroyer, which humbles kings and emperors to the dust, which equalizes all mankind and brings to the same level the most wretched peasant and the mighty Czar— he who while living is absolute master of a hundred millions. The life of this great despot is in wy power. By a simple move- ment of my hand— he dies. I can kill him— send him— he knows not, dreams not, to what doom. It rests with me to launch him into eternity. Here he laughs with fiendish delight, and again music is heard from afar. Soon the music will cease and in its place will be heard the wailing of despair, for many of the revellers are dancing near their own open graves. Soon laughter, joy and gaiety will give way to the silence of death. Russia, bah! all the world (far as the tidings of this act will reach) will be plunged into the greatest excitement. All this— and many things that are yet to come— will be done by the Nihilists. Oh, the happiness, the joy which I feel at this thought. They fill my heart, my soul, my mind. They repay me a hundred, a thousand fold for all my toil from hour to hour, from day to day, for all the dangers I have braved. Since this scheme has filled my brain, I have never known a moment of rest or peace. The danger of being detected, and, if detected, lost, ever pursues me. Countless unseen dangers surrounded me. I had to look with unflinching eyes, without the tremor of a muscle, into the faces of those whose slightest suspicion meant death to tne and ruin to my dearest hopes and plans. A year ago, when the Winter Palace was being repaired, I saw and grasped my opportunity. Pretending to be somewhat deaf and simple- minded, I applied for work as a carpenter. I was content to take less wages than any other, and thus the greedy ofl&cials were tempted, and I accomplished my desire. I got the position, and well I played my part. I worked diligently at the repairs of the palace— more diligently at my scheme. Step by step, in constant dread of detection, I planned and toiled, until at length, after nearly a year, all was coiiiplete. J had placed enough dyna. -10- mite in the palace vaults to blow up the great diniiig-hall. And when diiritig this gay festival the Czar will lead his guests in to the splendid repast, he will meet death. Death at this hand ! Ha ! ha ! ha ! The irony of fate. The mighty, the almost God-like Czar. Killed by a poor carpenter. Now^ 1 but wait for the signal— for her, who is among the guests— the dearest and noblest of women— who will come to tell me that the moment has come ! But hark! Some one is coming I (Listens attentively.) No, it is not she. It is a man's step. It may be gendarmes ! Then I am betrayed, and all is lost, now when the triumph is at hand! But if they come for me I will sell my life dearlj^ ! * Gets out pistols and here he extinguishes the candle, leaving the room i" dark- ness. To the outside door come four persons, three men and one woman. Tiie men wear large cloaks and bi-oad-brinimed hats. The woman is in Russian peasant cos- tume. She is a young girl. They are Zelabow, Kysakow, Kibalzytz and Sophie Perowska. Zelabow knocks— thei-e is no answer. He knocks again, and says : Zelabow — Open, brother of Russia. We are friends. Kroloff (from within) — Whose friends ? Zelabow— Friends of the freedom w^hich is to come. (Kroloff hearing this opens the door without further hesitation.) Kroloff— All is in darkness here. Wait, I will light the candle. (Here he lights it.) This is but a poor place, friends. I cannot even ask you to be seated. Zelabow— Do not speak of that, brother. We are not hereto pay a visit of ceremony. We came on matters grave and important, pertaining to the future of Russia. You know us ? Kroloff — You are friends of the Russia that is to be. Zelabow — True, but that is not all. Look, brother ! Here he unfastens his cloak, opens his coat breast. On the red Russian shirt is seen the deaths-head in black. Each, not excepting the girl, follows his example. Kroloff bows almost to the earth. Kroloff (bowing low) — I see you are my masters. I see that you are members of our great Executive Committee, before which all Russia bows in respect and admiration, while the Czar, upon his throne, trembles with fear. Zelabow (with a gesture of his hand) — Enough ! We did not come to listen to 3'our eulogies. We came to learn what you have done — what you are doing — how the work progresses. Brother, tell ns all. Omit nothing. To-night the whole committee will be in session, and then, whether yoti succeed or not, we must lay this whole matter before it in all its details. Kroloff — Listen. I will go back a year, when, as a carpenter Zelabow (interrupting) — This we already know. To the point I Did you succeed ? Is the palace undermined ? Kroloff — Masters and brothers, yes. Under the great dining hall I placed dj'namite enough to kill all who are in it. A wire connects the explosive with this battery, which I have but to touch and all is accom- plished. (He points to the small electric battery in the corner of the room.) Zelabow— When shall this be done ? Has the time been appointed ? Kroloff (exultingly) — This ver^' night. For to-night the palace rings with festivit}', in honor of the Prince of Bulgaria. Late in the evening the Czar will lead the way to the supper-room. Precisely when he enters the deed shall be done. It is my wish tlifvt there shall be as few victims as pos- —11— sible. Therefore have I chosen such a moment, for I will not wilfulh' sacri- fice the innocent. Zelauow— Right, brother. No innocent blood shall be spilled if we can avoid it. We kill only those who are determined oppressoi'S — who refuse to listen to reason. The Czar, who, in his blindness, thinks himself omnipo- tent, shall learn that he is pow^erless in our hands — as impotent to save him- self from us as the lowl}-^ and the unfortunate before him. But proceed. How will 3'ou know v^'hen the vital moment has come ? Krolofk— From a lady of high degree, who m at present among the guests. She will gain this information from the imperial master of cere- monies, and then come here and tell me. Zelabow— Her name ? We must know all. Kroloff (hesitatingly) — It is the wife of General Terentjew. Zelabow — I know of her. She was but lately converted to our great cause. Kroloff — Yes. I convinced her of the good we are doing. I first taught her our ideas. Zelabow — It is sufficient. Sa}-^ no more. (He extends his hand and presses KrolofiTs.) This is all we wish to know. Brother, you have labored to a great and noble end. For this your name shall be revered, not alone in Russia, but by all the fi^eedom -loving people of the world. I salute you as an Apostle of Liberty. As the saviour of Russia, Ivan Kroloff, I salute you. Kkoloff (excited)— Brother, I thank you. My heart swells with jov and gratitude at your words. In all trials and difficulties the thought that I was doing my duty, as every Nihilist, every trvie son of Russia should, sustained me. I have striven to bring the boon of freedom to mv oppressed countrymen, and if I succeed, if the hateful tyrant is destroyed, I shall be paid a hundred fold. I ask — I hope for — no other reward. Zelabow — Brother, you have done all that a true patriot could. The result rests not with us. (Extends his hand again, saying:) I am proud to grasp this fearless hand. We never met before, brother, yet I am not unknown to j^ou. My name is Zelabow^ Kroloff (amazed) — Zelabow ! Sir, I am deeply honored (bowing). Zelabow — This is Rysakow (Kroloff and Rysakow shake hands), and this is Kibalzytz (Kroloff and Kibalzytz shake hands). Kroloff — Names as familiar as the Greek and Roman heroes of old. But (turning inquiringly to Sophie Perowska) who Sophie Perow^ska (coming nearer) — 7— am Sophie Perowska! Kroloff (astonished) — You ! Sophie Perowska ! You, so young and so beautiful I She at whose name the mightiest in the land tremble — who is called " the guiding spirit of Nihilism ! " Sophie Perowska — Ah! could I but inspire every Nihilist with the spirit which animates you! The courage, the devotion. Brother, Sophie Perowska salutes you. (She takes Kroloft"'s face in both hands and imprints a sisterly kiss upon his forehead.) Zelabow — I hear footsteps. Some one approaches. Kroloff — It must be she. (He listens and a peculiar knock is heard at the door.) Yes, it is Ludmila. Zelabow — She must not see us. Is there another exit ? Kroloff— Yes, from the other room. Come ! (The four go into the next room. Krolofi' with them. Another knock is heard, and a woman's voice, saying: -12- Open, Ivan. It is L,tidmila. Kroloff, returning, opens the door. Enter a lady, beautifully attired in evening costume, glittering with damonds and enveloped in a rich fur cloak, which she throws aside. Kroloff opens his arms. Kroloff — My darling ! LuDMiLA (falling into his embrace) — Ivan, dearest ! They kiss each other again and again in silence. Kroloff (still holding her) — Dear, I feared you would not come — that you could not slip away unnoticed. But you are here. Then all is well. Oh, how relieved I am — how happy! Kisses her again. * LuDMiLA (sighing) — I am here, indeed, but at what risk. Oh, the ordeal I have passed through for your sake. At the palace they watched my every movement. I fancied they knew — suspected. When I at last found out the hour Kroloff — Ah, yes — the hour! The moment! Tell me! LuDMiLA — At the hour of eleven. I learned it from the master of cere- monies. But after what intrigue and subterfuge. My husband was ever near me, as if he guessed. Oh, Ivan, not even my boundless love for you would induce me to do this again. Kroloff (looking at his large silver watch) — Then we have but half an hour. As a lover, too little to satisfy me — as a Nihilist, too long to wait. LuDMiLA (excitedly) — I tremble still. At any moment ni}^ hvtsband may discover my absence. I must go. Kroloff — What ? And leave me at this supreme moment ? Surely, darling, you do not mean to leave me, now that our efforts are about to be crowned with success. Go ? Why should you ? Have you ceased to love me? LuDMiLA (sadl}^) — Alas, I love you only too well. For you I have broken my allegiance to the husband who loves me. For 3'ou I have forsaken all and everything. Kroloff — Then why not sta}'^ with me foi-ever ? Why should we part ? I am now a member of our National Executive Committee. After this attempt is made, whether successful or not, it will shield us from all harm. Under its protection we shall be safe. We can stay here, if we like, or — giving up all active part in the great movement — go to some foreign clime and be happy there together. LuDMiLA — But mj' husband. He loves me so dearly. It will break his heart. Kroloff (impatiently^) — Women are all alike. You do not scruple to wrong your husband without his knowledge, and yet LuDMiLA (interrtipting) — Ivan, you are cruel. Kroloff — Forgive me. The mere mention of your husband's name angers me. Dearest, you do not know him. You say he loves you. Per- haps [scornfully] ! But he loves the Czar's favor more. And if he finds that you but sympathize with us, he w4ll be the first to deliver you to the ven- geance of those who hate and fear us, so that, forsooth, no suspicion may attach to him. I repeat, you do not know as I do the length to which these high officials will go to win imperial recognition. For this they will do anything, sacrifice anything— wife, children — their nearest and dearest. LuDMiLA — But what of my child — my little daughter ? Shall I sacrifice her, too ? No. I cannot ! I cannot ! -13- Kroloff— There is no need. Is she with your husband ? LuDMiLA — Yes. Kroloff— You shall have her. With the help of the Ecxcutive Commit- tee, we will steal her. He cannot hide her from us. Sooner or later we shall gain possession of her. Are you satisfied now ? LuDMiLA— I am. Kroloff — And you will be mine? Mine forever? LUDMILA— I will. Kroloff takes her in his arms and kisses and caresses her. Stiddcnlv he cries, excitedly : Kroloff— My God! I almost forgot the flight of time. What if it is too late ! For how many innocent lives shall I be held accountable ? Looks hurriedly at his watch. Kroloff — It lacks three minutes. All is saved. Looks again at his time, then turns to Ludmila. Kroloff — Love, kiss me once again. 'Tis but a minute more. Ludmila (kissing him tenderly, wdiile music plays softly)— Oh, I shiver with dread and horror. Ivan, must j^ou— must this awful deed be done ? Kroloff — Courage, dearest one. This must be. There is no alterna- tive. Some one must strike a decisive blow for the benefit of our unhappv people. Let mine be the hand ! He walks toward the electric battery, while Ludmila kneels in prayer. CURTALV FALLvS. Scene 2.— The stage represents the interior of the Winter Palace. It is divided itito two unequal parts. The larger part represents the dining hall, with table laid and eleganth^ decorated. The other part Is an ante-room. Near the door, connect- ing these two rooms, stand a number of the court attaches and the master of cere- monies, who, as the curtain rises, throws open the door leading to the dining hall. Enter (in the ante-room) Czar Alexander II. in Russian military uniform, with a wide blue ribbon across his left shoulder, a lady in court attire ujion his arm. Following him the Prince of Bulgaria, in Bulgai-ian national costume, with a ladv on his arm. Next, Count Louis Melikow and a lady, and several Russian oflicials of high rank with ladies. The Czar advances to the dining hall. The master of cere- monies and the attaches stand with bowed heads as the procession passes. Just as the Czar is on the point of entering the dining hall, a cry is heard behind the curtain. The CV.ar halts and all the others do the same. Czar [looking back] — What noise was that ? Prince of Bulgaria— I thought I heard a crv. Enter hastily Count Terentjew, Ludmila's husband, in the uniform of a Russian general. Count Terentjew [in great excitement]— Your Imperial Highness ! Czar [severely]— Count, why do you thus disturb us ? —14— Count Terentje.w [kneeling before the Czar]— Yoitr Imperial Highness, i suspect something wrong. I do not know what it is that I fear, but I tremble for your majesty's safet}'. My wife — 1 disown her from this moment — for some time has acted strangely. An hour ago she left the palace. When I found she was not among the guests I sought for her every- where — in vain. But in the orangery I stumbled upon a wire concealed among the bushes very skilfully. I followed it. Your majesty, it led into the palace vaults. Here some scream from fright. The Czar makes a gesture as if to speak. Sud- denly the part where the dining hall is grows dark, and a terrible explosion is heard. All are thrown violently to the earth. CURTAIN FALLS. ACT II. The stage represents the interior of a Russian peasant's hut. Near the middle of the stage sits a woman, in peasant dress, on a bench, with a cradle beside her which she rocks gentW, while she sings some cradle song. [Here follows song.] When the song is finished she sa^'s, with hands clasped : Almighty God, have mercy vipon this poor child ! Oh God, soften the heart of our starosta [magistrate], so that he will not leave us destitute ! Then, turning to the cradle, she saj^s : Oh, my little one— my darling ! Surely, the good God will hearken to- prayers as heartfelt and sincere as mine. Oh, I pi-ay that vou may never suffer as your parents do. Enter Michailow, her husband, dressed in the garb of a Russian peasant. MiCHAiLOW— Not suffer ? He will suffer still more— perhaps die of starvation. Wife— God is full of boundless mercy. He will not permit that. Michailow [ironicall}', seating himself on a keg or bai-rel]— God's mercy ! Yes, I have heard of this mercy. The priest has spoken of it- others, too — and now you. But I never j'et have seen it, or experienced it, myself. Wife— Stop this blasphemy, husband, and tell me what the starosta said. Michailow— Just what we might have expected. In answer to my earnest petitions for mercj', he ordered me out of the house. When I fell down on my knees before him he cried, "This is mutiny, this is revolt against authoi-ity," and threatened to have me whipped by the Cossacks for disobedience to his commands. In despair I left. I was only a short dis- tance from the house when his clerk came to me and said— said — no, I will not repeat it. Wife— What did he say ? Michailow— He spoke of you. Scoundrel ! I wish the earth had swal- lowed hira before he uttered his villainous advice. Wife— But what was it ? Tell me Peter. Michailow— I will not repeat that rascal's words. Wife— You say he spoke of me, and yet you will not tell me. Am I no longer dear to you ? -15- MiCHAiLOW [sarcastically] — We are starving— we are destitute — and j^et this woman is ready to talk of love. Well, the clerk en me to me, under pretense of friendship. He said he wished to help me. He advised me to send jou to the starosta. "The starosta,"' said he, "has a very tender heai't. He cannot withstand the tears of a woman. If you will send your wife to him," continued the rascal, " no doubt the result will be different." Wife— What did you answer to that, Peter? MiCHAiLow— Answer ! I felt so much like striking him down that I turned awa}^ quickly, because T could not trust myself. Wife— But maybe he is right. I am sure he is. Were not the Maksims as badly off as we? Vet whenever the wife goes to the starosta he helps them. He even pays the taxes, which so oppress us now. MiCHAiLOw — Silence, woman ! Don't try to make a fool of me, or Wife— You are a fool. If 3'ou were not, there might be some hope forus. MiCHAiLOW [with a gesture of his clenched fist]— Not another word, or I will strike you. Wife— Strike me, if you wili, but give me and my child food to eat and decent clothes to wear. I wish sometimes to go to church — to do as others do. When Maksim's wife stands in the doorwaj-, every neighbor bows to her. No one looks at me, unless it is with a sneer. People shun me like a criminal. I am sick of this. I will bear it no longer. If it is a crime to go to the starosta, I tell you, husband, that I am readj^ to commit any crime to put an end to this misery. MiCHAiLOW— Shameless woman. Do I not toil like a slave from morn- ing till night? Do I not deny myself everything that the poorest have to satisfy you ? And yet you dare utter such words to my face ! Wife— Peter, your hard work will not help us. We cannot pay the taxes. Unless we can do something, the starosta will take all we have — even the clothes we wear. MiCHAiLOW — If it comes to this— if. despite my entreaties, the starosta wall rob us of everything— then Speaking slowly and with determination. Wife— Then— what ? MiCHAiLOW— I will strangle the starosta with m^^ own hands, and they ma}' do what the}' like with us. Wife [laughing wildly] — Yes, that is how you will help me. Fool — fool ! Tliey will send you to Siberia, and what will become of me? Why do you forbid me to go to the starosta? Why? MiCHAiLOW [with a sneer] — You do not know? Well, I will tell you. Because I do not want /n^ wife to sell herself as the Maksim woman did. Because I would mther see 3'ou dead than degraded. Wife — Then kill me now— here, on this spot — for I will live this life no longer. If you have nothing better to offer than this foolish talk, I tell you I will go to the starosta in spite of 3'ou, and will beg him to help us. Michailow advances toward her threateninglj-. A knock is heard. MiCHAiLOW [calling]— Who is there ? No answer. Another knock. Wife — Open the door. Perhaps it is a messenger from the starosta. Michailow opens the door. Enter Ludmila, attired as before, except that her dress is torn. .As she enters she falls on her kuees before Michailow, with her hands clasped. -16- LuDMiLA — Man, you are a Christian— 3'ou have a heart— better, kinder, perhaps, than those far above yon. In the name of God and his holy mother, I entreat you to save me ! MiCHAiLow [taking off his hat]— My lady, arise. I am a poor peasant. You must not kneel to me. It is a sin.. It is only God or a Czar before whom we kneel. Rise, madam, and tell me what you would have me do. He assists her to rise, and seats her on the bench. LuDMiLA [shuddering] — Alas, good people, an awful fate is in store for me. You are poor, but you can sympathize with me, and help me, if you will, perhaps better than any other. MiCHAiLOW AND WiFE [simultaneously]— What can we do ? LuDMiLA — Save me from the gendarmes, who are pursuing me. MiCHAiLow AND WiFE [both together, frightened]— Gendarmes ! ! ! LuDMiLA — Yes, yes. 1 am a criminal in the eves of the law. I am a Nihilist. MiCHAiLOw AND WiFE [together again]— A Nihilist ! They retreat in horror. LuDMiLA [rising from her bench] — Why are you so frightened at the word "Nihilist? " Do you not know that it is for you— for such as you— that they suffer and die? That vou may be free, contented and happy. MicHAiLOw — [with slow deliberation] — I have heard this, good lady, but I cannot beheve it. No one cares for the poor— all are against us. Even God does not heed our prayers. Then how can there exist any one who will fight — die, as you say — for wretched, downtrodden peasants like us. No, it is too good to be true. LuDMiL.^. — And yet it is true. Many of the Nihilists are from rich and noble families. They have everything that delights the human heart, and yet they abandon all, and often meet an awful death upon the scaffold to better your condition. Why? They cannot bear to see your sufferings, your poverty, your moral degradation, your abject slavery, to hear your cries for bread. Yes, it is for the sake of the Russian peasant that they gladly lay down their lives. [She points to the cradle.] Will not every noble mind revolt at the idea that this child, from the cradle to the grave, is destined to poverty, to misery, for toil which knows neither rest nor respite? Poor creature! Poor innocent babe! Better for you had 3'ou never been born. MiCHAiLOw's Wife [beginning to cry]— Ah. dear lady, you are right. We are destitute — on the verge of starvation. Because we cannot pay our taxes, at any moment the starosta may come to seize our few poor belongings. LuDMiLA— Whose fault is this — who is to blame, that your taxes are so heavy that you cannot pay them? He whom for all his misdeeds the Nihilists will kill— no other than the Czar! MicHAiLow AND WiFE [together] -God forbid ! Lady, what is this you say ? This is blasphemy I They cross themselves in the Russian fashion. MiCHAiLOw-.God, himself, is not better or kinder than the Czar. Jf he but knew our ctmdition, our misfortune, he would make us all happy. LuDMlLA— The time will come when you will know better. I, too, once thought as you do. Until I met Oh ! [abruptly], now I suffer. [Here she lays her hand upon her heart.] JJe i? dead-^m^ love, my darling ! Our -17- dream of love is over. So cruelly, so suddenly ended. I wonder if the tj'rant was torn to pieces. Oh, I shall kill him with my own hands. MiCHAiLOw's Wife — Peter, I think she is not quite right in her mind. MiCHAii.ow— She does act strangely. LuDMiLA [facing them suddenly] — You mistake me, good people. I am not mad— I suffer, Oh, how I suffer. Words cannot express it. But we are losing precious time. Will 3'ou hide me ? The gendarmes are on my track. MiCHAiLOW— What have you done? LuDMiivA — Ask no questions, but answer me. If you will not save me I will go. MiCHAiLOw's Wife— Don't be a brute, Peter! My lady, we will not ask what \^ou have done. We know that you are in distress, so we will save YOU. We will hide 3'ou. MiCHAiLOW — But where? [Ponders a moment, then suddenly.] I know a place. Come. Noise outside and a voice says: Surround the house! Forward — march ! Two of you come with me. A knock is heard. Michailow takes Ludmila bj^ the hand and hurries her in the opposite direction. As she goes she drops her glove. Voice [calling loudly]— Open, in the name of the Czar! MiCHAiLOw's Wife— One moment, Mr. Officer. [Looks after her hus- band.] Peter, where are you? Come, open the door for the officers of the Czar. MiCH.^iLOW [behind the scene] — I am coming. Voice— Open the door, 3'ou Moscovite witch, or I will smash it. Suits the action to the word and the door falls with a crash. Three gendarmes — Ivanow, Sukin and Blochow— march in in miUtary style. Ivanow is dressed better than the others, and decorated with crosses. IvANOW [angrily] — You move like snales or turtles. Instead of sur- rounding that den with hghtning rapidity and taking the occupants prisoners, you killed the man and allowed the woman to escape! What will the chief of police sa}^ when he hears this? You will curse the day you were born. Sukin— We could not help it, your worship. The man fought like a tiger. We either had to kill him or he us. As it was, two of our comrades were seriously wounded and one killed. In the struggle some one escaped. Ivanow — The woman we are now looking for. She is General Terent- Jew's wife, and if we can capture her our reward is sure. Blochow — If only your worship had been with us all would have been well, for then I know we would have taken the man and woman alive. Ivanow [pleased wath the flattery]— For once you talk sense, v^ou idiot. Yes, had I been there, there would have been no such blunder, But I was watching the palace, and before I could reach the spot the fight was over. Blochow— We were sound asleep, when the cr^- "Nihilists!" woke us. I was on my feet in an instant. But Sukin was so dazed, nothing but a good punch in the ribs would rouse him. He was stupidity itself. Ivanow— Shut up! I've had enough of your babble. You are both fools. He turns toward the wife, who has stood quietly near the cradle, and chucking her under the.chin, says: —18— I sa}', my beauty, did any passer-by stop into your house this morning? MiCHAELOW [entering] — Not a living soul, your honor. IvANow [fiercely]— You lie, you cursed knave. I m3^self saw a woman enter this rascallj' hole. Ah! You look stunned, and your wife turns pale. Wait, you villain ! I'll teach you how to answer the Czar's servant ! Boys, search ever nook and corner of this miserable den. Thev begin the search, and Ivanow finds the glove. Ha! What is this? Where do you get such things as this ? I've got 3^ou now. Bind him, men! Sukm and Blochow quickly bind his (Michailow's) hands behind him with cord, which they take from their pockets. Ivanow [examining the glove] — H'm ! Yes, I see. Embroidered — per- fumed! Her's, of course. [He turns to the trembling woman.] Hag — witch — tell us the whole truth this instant, or we will kill your husband before j^our eyes. MiCHAiLOW^'s Wife [falling on her knees] — Oh, have mercv! Mercy, your honor! I — poor w^oman — I know nothing — nothing at all ! IvANOW [drawing his sword and pointing it at Michailow's breast] — I know a way to open your mouth. Speak, or when I count three I'll drive this through his heart. One Michailow's Wife — Mercy, your honor! Have pitv. Oh, God! What shall I do? MicHAiLow [tenderly] — Do not plead for me, dear wife. Let them kill me. It will only end the torture sooner. Better be dead than in' their clutches. Ivanow — Dog of a peasant! This is how you respect the faithful servants of the Czar, is it ? Two ! Here Ludmila enters, unnoticed by any one, and steps into their midst. LuDMiLA — Release this man. He is innocent. I am she whom you seek. Take me. All are silent for a moment. Ivanow recovers first, and cries angi-ily to the gendarmes: IvANOW — Fools, will 3'ou stand gaping forever? Bind her, and let's have an end of this. Ha ! [smacking his lips] she will prove rare sport for Frolow. [Aside] Whew! But she is a beauty ! I could look at her till my eyes would bu^ge out. Here Ivanow whistles and four more gendarmes, dressed similarly to Sukin and Blochow, enter. IvANOW— Sukin! Blochow! Both [saluting]— We are at your worship's service. IvANow— You and the others take the prisoners to the station. Guard them well, if you value your own lives. There thej'- v.'ill await our com- mander's orders. I will report to him immediately. Surround the prisoners. The gendarmes obej^ this order in military fashion. Ivanow [in a loud commanding tone]— All ready I Forward 1 March -19— The six gendarmes march off the prisoners. Michailow's wite again falls on her knees to Ivanow, and extends her hands beseechingly. Michailow's Wife — Oh, if you are a man, remember that you had a mother and have pity ! Ivanow [sheathing his sword] — Vou ask what I am ? I am a gen- darme — a servant of the Czar. A Russian gendarme, my good woman, knows nothing, feels nothing, loves nothing — but his duty ! Michailow's Wifk [rising and wringing her hands in a paroxysm of despair] — Oh, God! How cruel, how merciless! They have taken my husband, my onl}' support! Oh, what shall I do? Ivanow [brutally] — Oh, come off. A handsome woman like you can find a dozen husbands. And women like a change as well as men. Come, j-^ou ought to thank me. He tries to kiss her, but she repulses him. MiCHAiLGW^'s Wife — Do all the Czar's servants act like this ? Ivanow [laughing] — Oh, we are gay dogs, we are, and like pretty women, I can tell you. You know our Russian proverb — " All that is done in secret is good." As a true patriot, I always live up to it. If only I had time, I would show you how Ivanow loves and appreciates bright eyes and rosy cheeks. Military dut^ before pleasure, however. I must go, but when you want to see me come to our station, on Kazan street, and ask for Sergeant Ivanow. I have a nice little room there, where no one will disturb us. Now, before w^e part He seizes her suddenly, about the waist and, despite her struggle, kisses her repeatedly, then hurries away. She goes to the cradle and kneels beside it. Music plays soft]}'. Michailow's Wife — Oh, God, why art thou unmindful of our suffer- ings? Why hast thou forsaken me in mj' sore need ? I, who in all my life never w^ronged one! I am alone, penniless and friendless. In all the world there's none to help me. But stay ! That cannot be ! Surely, some one will befriend me. The priest? [Thinks a moment.] When our child was born did he not refuse to baptise it, unless we could pay him two rubles? To satisfy his demands we were obliged to sell our sheep. No, he will not assist me. The landlord? Alas! no. A year ago, when Peter fell from sunstroke in his fields, and for some days could not work, he refused to take him back. He said his laborers nnist be able to endure both heat and cold. So in all the wide world I have not a single friend. Yes^there is — there is — some one — the starosta. He is good and kind. Does he not always have a pleasant word and bright smiie for me? Often he has stopped to talk to me. He is my onl}'^ hope. I will go to him. She rises quickly and gets a red kerchief which she puts on her head, then looks into the cradle. He sleeps, my baby sleeps. Unconscious of our sufferings, he dreams the hours away. By and by — his childhood gone — he will wake to the misery of his existence. For as some are born to joy and happiness, so you, ni}' poor child, are born to wretchedness and woe. She goes to the door and looks out. Ah, there, come the starosta and his clerk toward our poor hovel. No need for me to go, for in a minute they will be here. -20- She takes off the kerchief, seats herself near the cradle, and begins to sing the song she sang before. Music softly accompanying her. While she sings, starosta and clerk enter. Both are dressed like Russian peasants, except that the starosta has a medal hanging to a heavy chain, and carries a staif similar to a bishop's crozier. The clerk has a large book in one hand and pen and ink in the other. As the woman sings the3' listen, then look about them, as if to make a calculation of the value of the furniture, the clerk making comical grimaces and gestures of disgust as he looks at this and that. Starosta [trying to draw the woman's attention] — Hem! Ah ! Assistant coughs, too. She appears absorbed with her song, and does not stir. Starosta— Ahem ! Knocks on the floor with his staff. The woman stops singing suddenly [music ceases] and, perceiving them, rises. Starosta [with apparent sj'mpathy] — My poor woman, I have heard of yonr bereavement and misfortune. From my residence I saw^ your hus- band, a prisoner among the gendarmes, taken away to the city. Sergeant Ivanow told me the rest. As you see, I came to you at once. MiCHAiLOw's Wife [earnestly] — But, your worship, my husband is innocent. I will explain Starosta [interrupting] — Say no more, my good soul. I know — I understand it all. I believe your husband to be innocent. Clerk [shaking his head, gravely] — So do I. Starosta — But — he is guilty in the eyes of the law. Clerk — I think so, too. Starosta [impressively] — .\ud when once a man becomes a criminal in the eyes of tlie law — no matter how innocent he maybe — there is no hope for him. He is lost forever to his famil}'^ and to the world. Clerk — True — true — he is lost forever. MiCHAiLOw's Wife [wildly]— Lost forever! Oh, don't say that! It sounds like a death knell to me. Your honor, you could save my husband. You have power — influence. And if you sa}' that he is innocent, they will believe you. Starosta [with great dignity] — Though I have been honored by this mark of the Czar's confidence [pointing to the medal], yet it is doubtful if my voice will have any effect in the high government circles at St. Petersburg. Clerk— Yes, it is doubtful— doubtful. MiCHAiLOw's Wife— Save him! Oh, save my husband, and take all we have. Take ray very life! Starosta converses apart with his assistant, and then the latter opens his book with alacl■it3^ Clerk [to starosta] — One word. If she does what we ask— If she signs this deed— she will have nothing left. Then how can she live? What will become of her? Starosta— Oh, I need some one to take care of my house, for mj^ old woman is getting too weak. She can be my housekeeper. Clerk [with a sly wink] — Some young and good-looking woman, eh ? Starosta— No levitj^, sir, no levity. I am prompted by goodness of heart. She and her child will be well cared for with me. Clerk [aside]— The hypocrite! The old sinner! [Aloud] What am I to get out of this deal? Am I to be left in the lurch? I, who always serve you so faithfully ! -21- Starosta — Let me see. You always fancied my black colt ? Clerk — With the white mark on its foot— Oh, yes. Starosta — Well! Keep mum — and it is yours. Clerk [with an expressive gesture]— I am silent as the grave. He begins to write rapidly. Starosta [turning to the w^oman, who stands motionless, apparently in deep thought] — Well, my go(>d woman, I have considered the matter and 1 think — I am not sure — but I think I can find some way to save your husband. MiCHAiLow's Wife [fervently] — Thank God! Starosta [severely] — But. of course, you must obey all my instructions. MiCHAiLOw's Wife— Oh, I will do anything you tell me. Starosta — My clerk has just finished the petition for the liberation of your husband, setting forth that he is innocent, and pleading for his release. You will sign this petition and it will be forwarded to his majesty, the Czar of Russia. At mention of the Czar, Starosta and clerk uncover their heads and devoutly cross themselves. MiCHAiLOw's Wife — But, your honor, how can I sign ? I was never taught to read or write. Starosta — Oh, we can manage that. Instead of writing your name you will make your mark. Clerk — Come, I will show you how. She goes to hifn, and with his assistance raakes'the necessary mark. Clerk — Here, take the pen, so. Now bend your arm ; curve the fingers this way. There, that will do. Starosta — Your name is Nastia ? MiCHAiLow's Wife— Yes. Starosta — Well, then Nastia, you are now under my protection. Take 3'our child and come with me. I will take care of you until your husband returns. Michailow'swife falls on her knees and kisses the hem of his garment, with tears of gratitude. MiCHAiLow's Wife — Oh, I can never thank you enough ! How kind, how good you are! Clerk [ironically, taking up book and pen] — Yes I Rather too good! CURTAIN FALLS. ACT HI. SCKXE I. — The stage reijresents the council chamber of the palace, in which the Czar and "saintly synod" convene. The Czar himself is the head of this so-called "saintly synod," whose members are chosen by him, and whose meetings are held in secret, the transactions known to none but themselves. Their will is law^, and from their decision there is no appeal. In this instance the S3'nod meets to devise some means of suppressing the rapidly growing Nihilistic movement. The large appropriately decorated apartment has a long table in the center, said table -22- covered with green cloth and littered with a profusion of papers, books, inkstand, etc. The two doors of the apartment are guarded by four imperial guardsmen [and their officer], in their picturesque uniform, one at each side of the door. At the end, or head, of the table is placed a sort of throne for the Czar, surmounted b^' the Russian eagle. About the table are seated Count Louis Melikow, Katkow, Zele- chowski. General Terentjew, and Nicholas, patriarch of the Greek Catholic church, who comprise the saintly synod. Melikow and Terentjew are in the uniform of Russian generals. Melikow (being lord chancellor, or prime minister) is covered with orders. Katkow, who holds a package of papers, and Zelechowski are both in civilian evening dress, decorated with orders. Patriarch Nicholas wears the robes of his priestly office. Melikow — My lords, by order of his majesty the Czar, Alexander II., we, the members of the holy synod, are assembled to deliberate upon a most momentous question. The subject for our consideration to-night is, I think, well known to you all. Katkow — Yes, your excellency, we all — my honorable colleagues and myself — know that the question that has brought us together to-night in solemn conclave is the rapid growth of that evil which is becoming a menace to our safety — Nihilism. Meijkow — Right. We must consider by what means we can most effectually check this movement, which, as my esteemed friend, Katkow, says, threatens to undermine the security of the empire. Some method must be devised for the suppression of these people, who grow daily more daring in their efforts to overthrow this the most powerful government in the world, that they may carry out their own foolish chimerical ideas. Katkow — History teaches us that such fanatics, imbued with absurd, extravagant ideas, are most dangerous to the well-being of the govern- ment. The Utopia of their dreams is to them something grand and holy, and they gladl}' sacrifice their lives in its interest. These fanatics — these schemers — must be summarily dealt with. They require laws Draconian in their severity. Zelechowski — The laws depend upon those who make them. We are but their executors. Melikow — We shall make a special law for the Nihilists. I hope — and in this I am sure, ray lords, you will all agree with me— that this law may be in accordance with the civilization of the nineteenth century. Katkow — Pardon me, yotir excellenc}'. I cannot agree with you. So long as it is within the pale of Russian ideas of civilization, we need consider nothing else. I care not a straw what the rest of Europe may think of our ideas, so long as they serve our purpose. Melikow— Well, well, Mr. Editor, we need not argue further. After all, it rests entirely with our august sovereign, the Czar, who will be here pres- ently in person. Terentjew [rising] — He is here now. Music plays the Russian national air. All arise. The guards at the doors salute in military fashion with their swords. Enter Prince Alexander, in the uniform of the hussars, following him five Cossacks in their national attire. The Cossacks are four soldiers with their officer. Enter Czar Alexander II., in the uniform of a Russian general, the only mark of distinction being a broad blue ribbon across the breast. Following the Czar are four more Cossacks. The Czar seats himself upon the throne, while the eight Cossacks and their officer relieve the previous guard. The imperial guardsmen, after saluting the new comers, march off in military st3'le, and the Cossacks, constantlj'^ saluting, take their places. This is done because, as the Czar is superior to all, so the guards who accompany him take piecedence of all others. Besides the eight Cossacks and their officer, the Prince Alexander remains on the stage. He stations himself beside the Czar, on the side nearest to the door, as if to stand between hiin and all harm. -23- CzAR [glancing about the assembly of counsellors, who bow low, and raising his hand, says :] — Let the music cease. Prince Alexander goes out and instantly the music ceases. In a moment he returns and takes up his former position. Czar — So all the members of our holy synod are present. [He pauses and looks around.] Melikow, we will hear you first. Melikow — As your majest}^ was pleased to command, we, your hum- ble servants, are assembled to consider by what means we can best crush those most bitter, most insidious foes to the peace of our beloved country. Czar— Such is our wish. With the last dastardly attempt upon our life, we feel that the crimes of these people have reached their climax. Some- thing must be done, and that quickly. When the wife of one of our oldest, most trusted generals is a party to so atrocious a plot [as he says this he looks at Tei-entjew. and all the others likewise], we begin to think that the Czar of Russia has not a single place of safety in the land which is his by divine right, as well as by the will of his people. Terentjew [advancing and kneeling before the Czar] — Most gracious sovereign and master! Your words pierce me like sword thrusts. Yet I know that I deserve your displeasure lor having such a wife. Czar — Rise, general. It is no fault of yours that you have such a wife. We recollect, too, that to you we owe our life. [Turns to the others.] We know you all serve us with wisdom, zeal and devotion, and, therefore, you have been called together to save, to strengthen the empire, and to remove the perpetual dangers which surround its ruler. One of you whom I hold to be true as steel to our best interests, one whom you all respect — Katkow, the editor of the Moscow News [they all bow to Katkow, who acknowl- edges the salute] — immediately after the explosion in the Winter Palace, urged the necessity of prompt action. He has drawn up an ukase, by which all prisoners charged with Nihilism, be their crime great or small, be put to death. Katkow here selects a paper from the bundle he holds, and lays it before the Czar. It provides, further, that all Nihilists be disposed of secretly in the prisons where they are confined, none but the execittioner and prison officials being present. First, however, every effort shall be made to extort from them all that they can tell of the plans of their associates. If persuasion, if threats, if tempting promises will not avail, then tortures will be resorted to. Tortures like those of the middle ages — at the bare mention of which the flesh creeps. Thits shall they be made to confess all that they know of their miserable confederates and their dastardly schemes. Is that what the ukase proposes, Katkow ? Katkow — Yes. Thus would I insure your majest3''s safety and comfort, to preserve which I would gladly sacrifice my last drop of blood. Czar — We know and value your devotion, Katkow. But if we endorse this edict, if it becomes known will it not provoke the general dissatis- faction of the masses ? Katkow — Since when, your highness, has it become the custom for a Czar of Russia to pa}' attention to the wishes of the rabble? If a spark of rebellious fire shows itself, have we not prisons enough ? scaffolds enough ? Have we not means to crush it out of existence ? Your majesty, we must act! Act at once, and decisively. Act as the surgeon would, who does not hesitate to cut off a diseased member of the body. One part of the —24— body of the nation is diseased— blood-poisoned. Let it be cut off, or the whole will perish ! Czar— Yes, Katko w, that is logical. But— we have had too much blood- shed, already. At times I am oppressed with the thought that, like "Ivan the Terrible," I am wading knee deep in human blood. My sleep is disturbed by horrible dreams. I see mangled corpses pointing at me with accusing finger. I am possessed at times by an indescribable, unreasoning fear and dread. At such times Hfe is well nigh unbearable— an earthly hell. To you, the holy synod, who rule supreme, I apply for advice, for reHef If you cannot help me, what shall I do ? To whom' shall I apply ? You have heard Katkow's proposition. What have you to say? Speak, Melikow, you are prime minister, let us hear your opinion of Katkow's plan. Melikow— My imperial lord and master. Being commanded to give my opinion, I have to say that I object to the ukase of my esteemed col- league— o^b/ect, most decidedly ! Czar— On what grounds ? Your reasons ? Melikow— Being entrusted, your majesty, with the exalted and respon- sible position of prime minister, I am often called upon to deal with those whose crime is Nihilism. At first I, too. thought that it, like a blood- poisoned member, should be amputated, but experience has changed my views. I now look upon NihiHsts as fanatics, possessed with a mania. They revere the memory of those who die an ignominious death on the scaffold, as we do our saints. We do not frighten them by such a course— we but inspire them to greater daring. Can we stop insanity by putting to death all lunatics? Would not such a course rather increase the number of lunatics? So it is with the Nihilists. We can kill them by thousands— put to prison half the population— but we shall not only fail by such means to obHterate their ideas— we shall actually increase their adherents. Czar— Then how do you propose to put down this evil? Melikow — Treat them as we treat lunatics, your highness. Humor them, mollify them ; acquiesce to some degree in their foolish ideas. It can be done so diplomatically that your power will not really be curtailed, and yet it will satisf)^— will disarm the Nihilists. When they cannot pose as heroes or martyrs, they will cease to incite thousands to follow their exam- ple, as now. Better cure the poisoned member by some mild liniment than to cut it off. This is my opinion, your majesty. I have spoken freely and frankly, because I know that on this subject my imperial master would have me speak without fear or favor. Katko w — Will my gracious sovereign allow me one word ? Czar — Speak, Katkow. Katkow— The measures of Count MeHkow are but half measures. No good can result from them. If the people are dissatisfied, these mild meas- ures will encourage them. I was always opposed to Count Mehkow's luke- warm policy. Had my advice been followed long ago, Nihilism and all its evils would now be unknown. My counsel was that all high schools and universities be closed for a century, until we succeed in wiping out all trace of Nihilism. We know that it is chiefly in our colleges that these accursed ideas are bred. Shuddering for the safety of our empire and our Czar, have I not again and again urged that these dangerous institutions be closed ? Give our youth an elementary education, and send them to the army. How often have I protested against this useless higher education, which only perverts and poisons the minds of our youth of both sexes. To the army with our youth— to the army, which, with its iron discipline, will teach the younger generations to respect the laws and the sovereign. My entreaties were disregarded. Colleges ajid universities were permitted to thrive, and, -25- as I predicted, Nihilism has thriven, too, until now we find ourselves con- fronted by serious danger, while our beloved master is not secure, even in his own palace, from the dastardly outlaws. Who is to blame for this ? None but Louis Melikow. who was ever in opposition to me, and who now again opposes the only effectual remedy, putting forward his own lax and dangerous polic^^ Most gracious sovereign, 1 venture to suggest that j'ou need for citizens not philosophers, not scientists, but plain, unpretentious people, with a thorough military training. With such citizens, with a nation of brave soldiers, my liege, 3'ou can conquer the world, and this is what I would have the sons of Russia to be. For its criminals — for these accursed Nihilists — the rack, the scaffold. I beseech your majesty most earnestl\% if you would not be murdered in your own palace, if you would not see the country in revolution, do not permit your prime minister's negli- gence, not to say willfidness, which borders on treason, longer to interfere with the proper management of our national affairs. This is what 1 have to say for the welfare of my sovereign, and the best interests of my country. He bows low and retires to his place. Czar — Well and bravely spoken, good Katkow. Why silent, Melikow? What have you to say in your defense? Melikow — Your majesty, 1 have but little to say in reply, for I can see that Katkow has brought me into disfavor with my imperial master. He has omitted nothing that could injure me in your estimation. But I will not defend myself against his base insinuations and accusations. My past, my faithful service — these alone shall speak for me. I have punished political offenders with such severity as I deemed advisable and necessary, but I never spilled human blood merely for the love of it, as Katkow seems eager to do. I was, I, am, I shall always be opposed to that method of dealing with the Nihilistic problem; but I do not love you, my imperial master, nor Russia one whit less than Katkow, because I am less blood- thirsty. I am ever ready. Oh, Czar, to give my life, my last drop of blood, for you and my country. Cz.\R [extending his hand to him, w-hich he (Melikow) kisses] — Enough, Melikow. We know that you are devoted to our welfare, but it seems that Katkow understands this question — Nihilism — more clearly than you. [Katkovv is visibly elated.] We will now listen to the views of the other members of our synod. [He turns to the patriarch.] We will hear you next, hoU'^ father. Speak in the name of the hoh' church, and give your sanction to one or the other of the views presented for our consideration. Patriarch Nicholas — Most gracious ruler. Czar of all the Russias, I am in perfect accord with the opinion which you have been pleased to express. Our holy church has no mercy for the wretched criminals who dare to raise their hands against the Czar, the embodiment of the grace of God. Not for a moment should they be permitted to exist. The holy church pronounces its condemnation upon them, and consigns them to perdition here and hereafter. .CzAU — Now, Zelechowski. you. As lord chief justice, let us hear your opinion. Zelechow^ski — Your majesty, I agree with the holy father. The laws are made to suppress crime. Then let the punishment be in proportion to the offense. The Nihilists are immeasurably the worst of all criminals — their punishment, then, should be so severe that the mere mention of it will strike dread to the hearts of the bravest and most daring. Czar — Thanks. We have heard you all. We are satisfied — convinced, ^o, stay; there is Terentjew. Well, general, what have you to say? —26- Terentjew [coining forward]— I, your majesty ! I wish to express no opinion. I am a soldier, not a politician. I was almost born a soldier. I know of nothing but to obey the orders of my superior. Czar — We know that you are a brave soldier and a good officer. But at present we would have your opinion, not as a soldier, but as a true and faithful subject. ^ Terentjew— I am with Katkow, then, in thinking that the Nihilists should be rooted out of your majesty's empire by all means. Czar — Well spoken, good Terentjew. But do you give this advice com- prehending that if it is followed— if I sign this ukase— your wife will be the first to suffer, the first to bear the brunt of this new law ? Terentjew [reflectively]— True, most gracious lord. 1 did not think of that. Czar— Your wife was caught red-handed in the very hive of Nihilism. If the ukase becomes law she will be burned by slow fires, tortured by everj' device which the refinement of cruelty can suggest, until she divulges all she knows about this society of criminals. Terentjew [kneeling]— My lord and master, she is guilty— she deserves to die; and if it were in ray power to rescue her from death by one move- ment of my hand, this fiand would remain forever motionless. But oh, my master, she is weak and delicate. I cannot endure that she should be tor- tured. Let her be killed, but killed quickly, painlessly. Oh, most gracious Czar, by all you hold most sacred, spal-e her, spare me, this agony of torture. Czar — Rise, Terentjew. You have our deepest S3anpath3-, but we cannot see how your petition can be granted. You all, except Melikow, agree that the ukase shall be signed— shall become law— and the law must be obeyed to the letter. Would you have us be the first to disregard its injunctions, even to save your wife ? Terentjew — My lord, I — I— Oh, Czar, you in your wisdom can surely find a way to grant this prayer of your humble servant. My whole life has been passed in your service. This (pointing to one cross hanging on his breast) was given me by your noble father during the Crimean war. This (pointing to another) I won in the war in Asia with the wild Czerkas. This (holding up another) for subduing the insurrection in Poland. This, for the last war with the Turks. I have fought for you all my life. Every part of my body is pierced with sword or bullet. All I ask now as a reward for mj' life-long services is that this unhappy woman be spared the agony of torture. The thought that she, so delicate and sensitive, shall be subjected to these awful sufferings, unmans, unnerves me. I am growing old and feeble; my limbs refuse to support me. With your majestj^'s per- mission, I will rest for a moment. He sits down and buries his face in his hands. Czar [with sympathy]— We will do all we can for you, Tei-entjew. Let that erring woman, your wife, appear before us. Where is she? Who took her? Melikow — A gendarme named Ivanow captured her in a neighboring village. Czar — Let hitn bring her in. Melikow whispers a word to Prince Alexander, who departs immediately. Czar [to Terentjew, who rises again]— In recognition of your faithful- ness and zeal, good Terentjew, .ve will spare your feelings as much as may -27- be ; and if your wife repents of her wrong-doings, we will even let her live, and only banish her from our land. Terentjew — Oh Czar, most gracious and most noble! Words cannot express my gratitude. Katkow — I beg that your majesty will pardon me for daring to speak so boldly, but I feel it my sacred duty to warn your highness not to allow any mere human weakness to interfere with your dutj^ to yourself and the country. Like the Roman father who commanded his own son to be put to death — if you would conquer the world you must not know what it is to feel. Louis Melikow was governed by the perule weakness of his feel- ings, and as a result our country is in danger. I long to see Russia con- queror of the world, and because they are a stumbling block to our progress, I hate the Nihilists with an tmdying, unquenchable hatred, and thus would I have all true Russians feel. I would not hesitate to slay the very babe upon the bosom of its mother, if convinced it would ever become a Nihilist. We are almost upon the threshold of the great holy war which the Slavonic race. shall wage against all other races of Europe. Is not the Slavonic race chiefly Russian ? It will then be a war between Russia and the world. The only policy that can lead us to success was outlined in the will of your majesty's illustrious ancestor, Peter the Great : "Whoever is not for us is against us. Destroy our enemies, and domineer over our friends." In this way only can Russia vanquish her enemies, and if this policy be followed unflinchingly she will conquer the world. The crisis approaches. If we indulge in vain, ignoble sentiment, the result will be disaster, and instead of marching on to victory we shall be torn by internal dissensions, and awake from our folly to find ourselves at the mercy of the Nihilists. So again, oh Czar, I warn you, let nothing interfere with the great destiny of this mighty empire. Here enter Prince Alexander, following him Ivanow. with naked sword, Ludmila, with her hands bound behind her, and the two gendarmes, Sukin and Blochow. Czar — For the sake of your noble husband, whose earnest solicitation touched our heart, we have summoned yoxi here, guiltj' criminal though you are. Ludmila — I may be guilty in your eyes. I am. nevertheless, a lady, and as such I beg your majesty to command that my bonds be loosed. I am weary, and I crave your permisvsion to be seated. Terentjew — Wretched woman ! Your presumption to him before whom you should bow to the dust ill becomes you. Czar — Silence, Terentjew ! We forbid you to speak again during this interview. (To the gendarmes.) Loose her bonds and give her a chair. When she is seated. CzAR^Now, what have you to say ? Ludmila — Nothing. Czar — What ! Do you not repent of your crime? Ludmila — I committed no crime. Czar (angrilj'j — Stubborn, willful woman. You not only commit crime, but in our very presence glory in it. Ludmila — If you believe me to be guilty, why question me further. I desire your majesty to bid them kill me at once. Czar (to Melikow, and indicating Ivanow) — This is the man who arrested her. Melikow— Yes, your majesty. Czar — Your name. -28- IvANOW (with elaborate military salute) — Nicholas Ivanowitz Ivanow, sergeant in Count Melikow's corps of mounted gendarmes (or cavalry). Czar — You captured this woman ? IvANOW — ^^Just so, your imperial highness. Czar— You are a credit to your uniform. IvANOW^ust so. your imperial highness. Czar — How has the prisoner behaved? IvANOW — By order of your imperial highness, I take the liberty to report that she is as silent as the grave; as hard as the soldiers' rye bread! By order of 3'our imperial highness, I take the liberty to suggest that if she were to receive fifty or sixt}^ knouts, it would soften her stubborn nature a little. Czar — But suppose she were your sister or wife, Ivanow, what then ? IvANOW — By order of your imperial highness, I take the liberty to say, that were she my own mother, if she dared so much as to lift a finger against my Czar, I would kill her with my own hands, as I would a mad dog. Czar — Ivanow, you are promoted to captaincy. Ivanow— Just so, by order of your imperial highness. Czar — Melikow, see that this man is given the change in rank. Captain Ivanow, you may go, and take your prisoner. Ivanow and the two gendarmes salute and, with Ludraila between them, march away. The Czar rises from his throne. Music plays softly. Czar — While Russia has soldiers such as this, her safety is assured. This man's harsh but sincere words have dispelled the last spark of hesitation. Yes, now we have decided upon our covirse — we see our path clearly. Katkow, your advice shall be followed to the letter. Let the ukaze be ready. (To Zelechowski.) You, lord chief justice, will see to it that it is ready for our signature. He moves a step forward. Katkow (fervently) — Now, my beloved master, 1 recognize again the true Czar of Russia, under whom the country will reach the zenith of grandeur and might. Czar advances and the Cossacks make a move and surronnd him. Their officer at their bead, they go out after the Czar and escort, i. e. the members of the S3'nod: first, Patriarch Nicholas, then Katkow, then Zelechowski, Terentjew last, with lagging steps and bowed head. Melikow remains, and after their departure seats himselt and speaks. Melikow — How fierce a strife is raging in my breast! I see that I can no longer retain my present position. I cannot submit to the gibes of Katkow and the weakness of Alexander. He trusts no one — not even him- self—and now, prompted by his fears, he yields to the wiles of Katkow. As for Katkow, he is corrupt and thirsting for power. His ambition knows no bounds. Though now he is straining every nerve to crush Nihilism, and to make the absolute monarchy still more absolute, yet I beheve he would become a most ardent Nihilist himself were he convinced that by advocating the principles of political reform he could gain wealth and power. And these two, with their stained hands, would make my beloved Russia master of the world ! Oh, the irony ! Rather, they will ruin her by their despotism and cruelty. My heart bleeds for my poor unhappy country, for daily I see clearly the signs of the coming revolution. I read it on the faces of diplomats and courtiers, of soldiers and civilians — only these two, the fool and the —29— rascal, cannot or will not see. *I am an adherent of monarchial govern- ment, but I desire for ruler of Russia a man of true courage, of pure, unsullied character. Him I could serve with patriotic fervor. He is silent for a moment and then resumes, in a diflferent tone. How deep an impression that woman sitting there between the two rough men made upon me! I cannot rid m3'self of it. Her face, proud, calm and full of dignity; her beautiful hands; her eyes, which, when she turned them upon me, pierced my ver\^ soul. What would I not give to call her my own! (He rises and begins to pace the floor.) My utmost will power will scarce restrain my thoughts and feelings. How her face haunts me! Vere I superstitious, I could fancy she had bewitched me. Alas! she is under the ban of the law — under this new ukase she will be tortured ! Oh, God! How terrible! That beautiful woman — tortured! Her delicate flesh burnt, her body torn lim.b from limb! (With sudden resolution.) I can tolerate this no longer. I will not serve a government which thinks to save itself by torturing women! I will resign, and then, as a private citizen, try to save poor, unhappy Ludmila from her awful fate. CURTAIN FALLS. Scene 2.— The stage represents a prison cell, dimly lighted, with bare walls, etc. There is a pail of water, and in one corner a wretched couch on w^hicli lies Ludmila, asleep. Enter Zelechowski, dressed as before, and Melikow, this time in civilian's clothes. Melikow — Those who are out of power and favor need expect but little from their old colleagues, yet you I trust implicitly, believing I should find 5'ou as much m}' friend in adversity as 3'ou were in prosperit3\ Zelechowski— My dear Melikow. you shall not be disappointed in me. I shall not deceive 3'ou, especially as I know 3'our purpose to be a noble one. I can only hope that you mav be successful in saving the w^oman and her child. Melikow (grasping his hand) — I thank you, my friend, with all my heart. So the child is to be used as a means of extorting from the mother what otherwise she refuses to tell. Zelechowski — The order is explicit. Either she (pointing to Ludmila) must divulge all, or the child will be strangled before her eyes. Melikow — But suppose she knows nothing. Suppose, as she says, that she was not a member of the societ\' at all — that her part was mereh-^ to inform the man who had estranged her in his infamous designs the time appointed for the banquet. If this is true, she has nothing to tell. Then must that child be murdered ? Oh, it is monstrous ! Zelechowski — The ukase is signed. We have our orders— nothing remains but to obey. I am willing to help j^ou in your desire to talk to this unfortunate woman, but I have no right, and no wish, to indulge in an v criticism of mj' superiors. Melikow — I understand, and will not try \^our patience further. But does Ivanow know of this meeting? Zelechowski— Yes, he is in the secret. He guards the doors so that no one may pass. He is devoted to you. —30- Melikow — Good. I can rely upon him, especially as he is sure of a handsome reward for any service he may render me. Zelechowski — There may be something in that. However, he seemed overjoyed at the opportunity of serving you, though you are no longer his military superior. But time is precious. I leave you, therefore, my esteemed friend, with my best wishes. They shake hands heartily, and Zelechowski goes away. Melikow^ advances to the wretched cot upon which Ludmila lies, and looks down upon her pale, haggard face. Music plays softly. Melikow — She sleeps, unconscious of the sufferings which await her on her aw^aking. Poor girl — poor Ludmila — I have no heart to rouse you from this state of happy oblivion to the sorrow^ful stern reality. But no ! You shall not suffer — yoti shall not die upon the scaffold! I wall yet save you. Life, love, joy, happiness shall yet be yours. He takes her hand and kisses it. Music ceases. Ludmila awakes with a start, withdraws her hand, and rises to a sitting posture on the cot. Ludmila (in a dazed, confused tone) — Who are \'-ou? Melikov^ — Do you not recognise me? Has the change in dress so altered my appearance that you do not know me? Ludmila — Yes, yes. I know you now. Pardon me. My eyes are dim. I cannot see in this uncertain light. Melikow (solicitoush') — You are ill. You are so pale and worn. Ludmila — I scarcely know whether I am well or ill. Since I am here I have lost all sense of feeling. Would to God all were ended. Melikow — Do not saj-^ that. Do not despair. You may yet be content and happy. Ludmila (with a derisive but mournful laugh)— J content! / happy! Count, did you come here to jest with one in my position ? Melikow— Jest ? I? Ludmila — but why hesitate? Ludmila, I love you. (He takes her hand and kneels.) I love you truh', passionately, with a devotion which knows no barrier or prejudice — recognizes no social or political differences. We have met often in the imperial drawing-rooms, and in the dance I have admired your grace and beauty. But when at the meet- ing of the holy synod you were led in, your hands bound, between the gendarmes — when fearlessly, dauntlessly yovi replied to the Czar, I felt as never before. In that moment you bound me to you by ties of love which nothing can sever. Since then your fate, your future, has been the one theme of my thoughts. Why are you silent, my dearest, my own? He rises and encircles her waist with his arm. Give me but one word of hope. Do not deny me this happiness. Ludmila — How can the sentiments of a woman w^hose hours are num- bered bring you happiness. Count ? Melikow — Ludmila, if you will, you need not die. There is escape Ludmila (breathlessly, but incredulously) — How ? Melikow — Tell all you know about the explosion in the palace. Name those who were implicated in it, and those who concocted it, and then by strenuous efforts we may save your life. Ludmila (freeing herself) — Count, I know nothing — absolutely nothing. I swear it by all I hold most sacred. Melikow — I believe you. I feel that you speak truth, my dear one. But the Czar, imbued by Katkow with the belief that you know all the workings of the order, will not believe you. You must tell them something -Si- te satisfy them, or suffer the terrible doom they have marked out for you. Let us invent some plausible story, implicating such persons as are already suspected by the police, and telling a fictitious tale of the ways and means of the Nihilists. They will think the dread of torture has drawn it from you. I will arrange it all. Obey my instructions and you shall be saved — saved for happiness — for all that makes life desirable. What do you sa}', dearest ? Answer me. LuDMiL.\ — I say that I refuse to take a part in your scheme. I sa}'^ that I refuse to be saved by involving men who are wholly innocent. Melikow— Not quite. The men we will choose are Nihilists, and there- fore in a sense are guilty, even if they did not plan the explosion. And besides, what matters it when 3'our precious life is at stake? LuDMiLA (coldly) — You mistake. I will not save myself in the way you propose — by swearing to a lie — nay, by dragging the innocent to the scaf- fold. I tell you, Count Melikow, that even were I in possession of all their secrets I would not disclose them to save my life. No, never! Melikow (kneeling before her) — If not for your own sake, for my sake, because of my great love for 3'^ou. I implore you to reconsider your decision. And tell me something of your feelings for me. Have some pity. Tell me that you love me. LuDMiLA — Count, I beg you to rise. I will not say a word while j'ou are kneeling. (He rises.) You are good and noble. You have my deep respect and sympathy, but as for love Melikow— Well ?" LuDMiLA — I do not love you. I shall never love you. Melikow — Your words are like a knell to me. Why are 3'ou so posi- tive, so cruel. How can you say that you will nerer love me. LuDMiLA — Because m}' heart is dead to all feeling. Melikow (sarcastically) — Or else consumed b}^ a guilty passion for the wretch for whom yoit risked 3'our life — a rabid Nihilist. Ludmila (with queenly pride) — Since 3^011 are so persistent, I will answer 3'ovi. Yes, I loved him — this "rabid Nihilist." I would have given my life for him. But (despairingly) he is dead — dead ! And oh, I wish that I, too, were dead, that I might the sooner be with my beloved. Melikow (in a changed tone) — It is plain that all m3' petitions are vain. But you may not be aware, so I will tell you, that not only3-ou but another, an innocent being whom a'ou love, will be sacrificed if \'ou persist in your determination. Ludmila — Another ! Whom can 3'ou mean ? Melikow — Your daughter. If 3'ou refuse to disclose the plot she, too, must die. Ludmila (grasping Melikow's wrist) — Count, it is false. It cannot be. The Czar cannot be such a monster. Melikow — Alas! Madam, it is but too true. The Czar, influenced by this evil genius, Katkow, has issued an edict, and in future no mercy will be shown the Nihilists. Ludmila — And yet at such a time you dared to speak of love to me. You, who tolerate such crimes under the government you serve and uphold. Melikow — Madam, you mistake. I am no longer prime minister. To-da3' I am a private citizen who can love, pit3' and save those whom in my official capacit3^ it would have been my duty to punish. Madam, I will no longer speak of my love for you, but for the sake of your child I entreat 3'OU to listen and be saved. Ludmila — Oh, this is dreadful ! Incredible ! I cannot believe it. Melikow— You doubt it ? Well, you shall be convinced. -32- He goes to a door in the prison wall and calls. Ivanovv ! Voice from outside. Here, j'oui- excellency. . He (Ivanow) emerges from the door and salutes Melikow. What are your orders, captain, regarding this lady and her child ? Ivanow— I am commanded b}^ his excellency, the lord chief justice, to hold Frolovv in readiness, and if, as heretofore, she i-emains stubborn and silent, he will strangle the child before her eyes. LuDMiLA (pressing her hand upon her heart)— Oh ! God I Melikow— Is all prepared ? JvANOw— Yes, my lord. In an adjoining cell, guarded by Sukin and Blochow, are Frolow and— fast asleep from an opiate— the child. When your lordship goes, they will execute their orders. Melikow— That will do, Ivanow. You can go. 1 will not keep you waiting long. Ivanow (saluting)— I am at your lordship's command. He goes. LuDMiLA (folding her hands as if in supplication.)— Count, I believe all you say. I know that you are kind and merciful, I beseech 3-ou to save my child— and oh ! I will be your servant, your slave—! Melikow — I can do nothing unless you will obey me The Czar has spoken, and from his decision there is no appeal. LuDMiLA— Of what avail then is your devotion?— Where is your self- denial? Give me but this one proof— set free my child— and I will be yours forever. Melikow— Madam, my life, my fortune, all that I have, is at your disposal. Gladly, freel3% will I spend them in your service; but do not tempt me to be a traitor to the Czar. LuDMiLA (tiercely)— Then leave me. Contemptible man —Coward !— Who dare tempt me to drag to the scaffold innocent men. Go, do your worst. I defy you. She falls prone upon her cot. Melikow comes near and makes a guesture as it to speak. She covers both her ears with her hands. LuDMiLA— I will not listen to you. I refuse to hear you further. Go, go from my sight ! He goes, a picture of despair. Ludniila flings herself upon the cot, and buries her face in her hands. Afusic plays, low and solemtd\-. Enter Ivanow, Blochow and Sukin. carrying a girl of perhaps eight years, "and following them Frolow, the executioner, in a red robe or gown, with han.ls bare, and wearing high boots. Ivanow touches up Ludmila wdth the toe of his boot. She starts up, and looks at them with a horror-stricken air. Ivanow— Well, my little dear, hadn't we better dispense with all these pretty skittish airs and graces. They might do very well in some other place, but they won't answer here. No, not by a long shot. Well, are you \yilling now, to open your heart to your good old friend Ivanow, who is always wilHng to listen to your confession. What, my pretty chick, still silent?—I say. Frolow, just tickle the neck of that doll of yours there a little, will you ? LuDMiLA (falling on hor knees)— Mercy for the child. Mercy for the innocent child. IvAxow (sarcasticallv I — Innocent. Who that kills a tigress will spare her whelp? LUDMILA — Do yoii not fear that God's wrath will overtake yon for a deed so terrible ? IvAXOw— Oh, stop that foolish prattle. The Czar rules the earth and God in Heaven. What the Czar does here, God sanctions there. Come now (harshly), will yon tell me or not? No! Well then, Frolow— ( with a significant gesture.) Frolow (desperately) — I can't do it! IvANow— What's that? Froi.ow — I cannot, father! I am ready to silence the strongest inan, or even a woman, at a moment's notice, but this — thing I will not hurt — it is too much. IvANOW (draws his pistol) — What, you dare talk like that, you black rascal. Strangle it, you devil, or I will shoot you like a dog. Frolow (with resignation) — Well, the Lord's will be done. But I must have whiskey, jilent}' of whiskej-. IvANOw — Give your flask to Frolow, one of you. SuKiN — I have none, your honor. Blochow^ — Neither have I. IvANOW — You lie, both of you. But, if you won't give him yours, he shall have mine. He puts back the pistol, and draws oyt a large flask of brandy which he gives to F"rolow. Frolow surveys and sniffs at' the bottle. Frolow — To your good health. Captain. IvANOW— Drink hearty, my bo} , and do your duty. Frolow drinks a long time, then throws aside the bottle, and after some further motions and gestures, sa\'S : Frolow — Now% I am ready for anything. LiJDMiLA (desperately)— Stay— stop— I have something to tell you. IvANOW — Wait, Frolow. S), my fluttering little dove— coming to yoi!ir senses now, eh? Well, what is it ? Sukiu, you had better bring a scribe to take down her statement. LuDMiLA— I will speak, but noi to you — to Count Melikow. IvAXow (sneeringly)— Oh, is that so? He has a very tender heart, that Coimt Melikow, and he thinks a good deal of that pretty face of yours. So you want Count Melikow (with a long whistle.) That's vour little game now, is it? But we are up to you. No Count Melikow now, my dear. no, rou te!J UE. Understand? Mk. Captain Ivanow, of His Majesty's second corps of mounted gendarmes, or else take the consequences. LuDMiLA— Ob, I will tell you or anybody, to save my child. I am ready to do anything — everything. I will follow the Count's advice. IvANOw — Well, then, tell me all you know. LuDMiLA — Oh, I don't know anything, but Count Melikow knows. .\sk him, he will tell you. I — oh, my head — ray l)rain is on fire — I— don't know — I think — (finishes incoherently.) Ivanow (brutally) — Here, stop that. I've liad too much of your silly l)abble. Frolow, do your dut\'! Ludmila tries desperately to throw herself uijon Frolow, but is held back l)y [vnnow and the siondanncs. She falls upon the couch, -34- Frolow [to Ivanow] — It is done. Lxidmila arises from the cot, pressing her hands to her head. LuDMiLA — My child! my only child ! my — my — oh. Ha! — ha! — ha! She laughs wildly, like a maniac, and falls, writhing and screaming, in a hcip 6n the floor. Ivanow touches her disdainfiilW with the toe of his boot. CURTAIN FALLS. ACT IV. The stage represents a secret chamber, where meets the Niliilistic Executive committee, which manages the Nihilistic movement in Russia. It is a large room ; the w^alls are covered with black cloth, so that a suund from within cannot be heard. On the front wall, in large red letters, is seen this inscription: "We love freedom and are ready to die for it." Beneath this inscription is a table covered with black cloth. Upon the table are placed a htiman skull and black masks. Aroimd the table six persons are seated — five men and one woman, and the seventh, whose d\ity it is to guard the door. One sits on a larger and higher chair than the others, his back close to the wall. He holds in his right hand a gavel, like the one used by the president of the meeting. .\s the curtain rises, he knocks on the table with the gavel. President (Zelabow) — Our session is open. Tlie hrst thing to do is to liear the report of our trustworthy comrade, Alexander, who, as I under- stand, is waiting in the anteroom. Rysakow— I think the first thing we must do is to hear all that has recently transpired at the palace. Zelabow, to the man standing motionless near the door (the only one). The man is dressed in the usual costume of a Russian dvornik, or street cleaner- Zelabow — Bring Prince Alexander in, Sacha. (Sacha goes away, and in a moment returns with Prince .Alexander, who is dressed in his picturesque costume, just as we have seen him for thi first time at tiic court room. ) Prince Alexander (Taking off his military headgear)— Greeting to you, beloved counselors. Zelabow — Greeting to yourself, brother. We are assembled to hear your, no doubt, sorrowful tale. Take a chair and tell us what has happened to that poor, unhapp}^ w^oman, w- ho, while not belonging to us, yet through her connection wnth our most revered, saintly Krolcw, a real martyr for Russia's freedom, came to such a terrible end. Prince Alexander (sitting on one of three empty chairs) — Yes, my brother and comrades, I came to tell you a sorrowful tale, indeed. Just after the last unsuccessful attempt made on the tyrant's life b\' our martyred Krolow, the Czar called the synod. The}' met and discussed measures b}' which the Nihilists could be more successfully suppressed. As the best measure of all, Katkow has recommended tortures. Rysakow (jumps from his chair and raises his clenched fist)— Tortures ! Oh, the fiend incarnate, Katkow ! Zelabow — Be still, brother; do not interrupt our comrade. Let him hnish this talc of sorrow, Avhich will soon become a talc of vengeance. Go on. Prince Alexander— Katkow recommended tortures as the best means of extorting the knowledge from our imprisoned brothers. He has drawn up the form for the " ukaz," by the strength of which, all the Nihilists, no matter whether their so-called crime is small or great, are put to death. Before being made away with, they will be tortured in order to extort from them all the knowledge they have or may have, of anything concerning us. Henceforth, so the"ukaz" says, the Nihilists will not be tried openly in court. They will be made away with secretly in the dead of the night, right in the dungeons. A Nihilist, caught in the act, or suspected, is taken away, no matter from where, and is never again heard from by his familv, relatives or friends. He ceases to exist, as if the earth had suddenly swallowed him. According to the ukaz, before he is made awaj- with, he will be tortured — tortured with all the dark devices of the dark ages, to extort what he knows about the Nihilists. Zelabow^— Well, has the Czar and his council accepted this law, more barbarous than anything that can be imagined, or ever heard of, even in the most barbarous times. Was there no opposition to it ? Prince Alexander— The only opposition was oifered by Louis MeH- kow. His opposition was overpowered by Katkow's false logic. Czar, coward and always in doubt as he is, didn't want to decide himself, so he presented it to the S3nod. The remaining members were unanimous in support of Katkow's measure. Zelabow — Who voted in support of it? Prince Alexander— Patriarch Nicholas. Zelabow^— Yes ! The church, in this case as well as in any other, is ever ready to support, to uphold the most tyrannical government, even if it is the very opposite of Christ's teachings and the spirit of Christ's V religion, for fear that it may endanger its peace and prosperity. Any >more? Prince Alexander — Lord Chief Justice Zelechowski and General Terentjew. Zelabow — Ah! the law-maker and soldier! It is no more than can be expected. Both show the spirit and foundation upon which this absolute monarchy or absolute tyranny is founded, and which both maintain and will maintain even at the cost of their own lives. But the time is nearing when both these destructive forces will be overpowered, and the fetters bv which the}' bind our great country will fall harmless to the gtound ! Well, m}' brother, did the Czar sign the ukaz ? Prince Alexander— Yes, he did. The ukuz is issued, though no one except the police and some military authorities know it. The ukuz is signed; it has become a law, which will be rigidly enforced, though the public at lai-ge will never become acquainted with its contents, or know of its existence — will never know anything of what is going on in the dungeons w^here the Nihilists are imprisoned. This law will be kept .secret on account of the foreigners and the foreign forces, which would raise a cry of indignation if the news should reach them that in Russia tortures are being practiced. Zelabow — Yes, yes, I understand it perfectly— I am well acquainted with the ways of our government, which, barbarous, corrupt, tvrannical as it is, trembles at the thought that its true character will be found out by the foreign nations. But what has become of Ludmila, the woman arrested after Krolow's unsuccessful attemp't? Prince Alexander — Now comes the saddest part of my tale. On account of the intense pleadings of the husband, the government was disposed to be lenient — more to her than to any other of the so-called criminals. But he wanted to see her first — see her humbled in the dust before his august presence, begging for mercy. Following this lowly whim of his, he ordered to bring her into the holy synod's meeting. She was brought with her hands pinioned behind, between two gendarmes, who handled her very roughh'. What was the surprise of the Czar and all present, when she, instead of humbling herself, begging for mercy and forgiveness, faced them proudly and fearlessly. In the first place, she demanded to be treated like a lady. She wanted her hands free, and as she was tired, to permit her to be seated. This demand was complied with. On being asked b}' the Czar if she doesn't repent of the crime she has committed, she replied that she didn't commit any crime, and therefore has nothing to repent of. This practically ended the interview. She was lead away, and her demeanor, so noble and fearless, hastened the Czar's determination, and the ukuz was signed shortly afterwards. Following the advice of his black spirit, Katkow, the Czar determined to enforce this tikuz upon the poor woman. Zelabow — Was she tortured, then ? Prince Alexander — Yes, and by a new and terribly ingenious method, which even the holy inquisition of old would not be capable of. As a means of torture, her daughter, a child of eight years, was used. The}' were con- vinced that she was initiated into all our plans, and so they decided to use her daughter as the means of extorting the supposed knowledge, which, as you all know, has never existed. The child was brought into the prison where she was confined, and, as she persisted in denjang that she knew anything about us, the child was strangled before her very ej-es. SorHiE Perowska (gets up from her chair, and comes near to him and lays her hand upon his shoulder) — Are you sure of what you say. This is such a monstrous piece of barbarity that even we cannot believe it could be perpetrated b}- the Czar's government. Prince Alexander — Nevertheless, my dear sister, it is true. I was not at the place where that horrible crime was committed, for if I had been, I would not have been able to stand it, and would have tried to prevent it even at the cost of my own life. But I know the details, such as I possibly could learn, by the use of a bribe, from one of the gendarmes present. When the child was strangled, the shock was so great that the poor woman was not able to stand it any longer, and went mad — stark mad. She was confined in the lunatic asjdum, and her life will be but of very short duration, as thej' will undoubtedlj' poison her. (While Alexander is talkuig, Perowska sits back in her old place. ) Zelabow— Poor, unhappy Ludmila. she deserves a far better fate. We will ascertain if her jo resent position is hopeless. If there is the slightest hope ^of her recovery, we will liberate her In* fair or foul means and send her to some foreign land, where she can spend the remainder of her davs in comparative peace and comfort. (He rises from his chair.) Zelabow— Comrades and fellow members of our executive committee, you have heard the account of our faithful and trustworthy comrade, Alexander, the. account of the cruelty' and barbarism which are without comparison in the present centur\'. Shall we pass it unnoticed, comrades ?" All — No ! never ! Zelabow — It is my opinion, too. Both the ukaze, a trulj' Draconian and a secret law, and the murder of that child crv out for vcnsreancc. kvsAKuw — Before any deeision is arrived al, I lueaiiL Lu say a wmd. My opinion is that all that have participated in the crimes narrated by Alexander ought to be punished with death : and above all, the black spirit of our countr}', that evil cotmsellor of the Czar — Katkow ! Zelabow — I oppose your motion. It is not the man personally, but the government that should suffer, for it would be utterly' impossible for any man, no matter how base, in a count v enjoying political freedom, to carry out such dastardly plans. This state of things cannot long be tolerated in Russia. The craving for freedom, even such as is enjoyed by neighboring coimtries, l)ecomes more widespread every day. The demands — or rather the demand of the so-called Nihilists are becoming household words ever}^ where. They are being whispered and repeated in our schools and colleges — in the cabins of the poor and opressed peasants as well as in the palaces of our* nobles. Vou can hear of them in the soldiers' barracks as well as in the places of worship. Our demands are just, and appeal to the better-minded citizens of Russia. We want, in the first place, a right which belongs to evcr\- human being — the right to express our opinion, by the word of mouth or pen — that is, liberty of speech and press. We want the system of govern- ment to be founded upon the majority rule, and not upon the one man and his clique. In one word, we want a constitutional government, and not absohitc. As the right of expressing our opinion is denied to us, we have no other way but to resort to force, to armed resistance, to the use of destructive machinery, to dynamite, to anything of that kind, as it is the only way left to us to secure our rights. We cannot hope to bring about the desired reform in any other way. But terrorism, which is our onlv weapon, must be directed against him who represents the system of gov- ernment. It must be directed solely and exclusively against the person of the Czar, w^ho is directly responsible for all the social and political evils existing here. So opposing the proposition made b}' our esteemed comrade Kysakow, I say that the Czar onh' is responsible for what has transpired lately. Katkow is only the creature of circumstances bred by the system. If the Czar wouldn't have Katkow, he would have hundreds of others who would advise the same. We must remove the cause, and punish only him who represents the sj'stem, and makes Katkow's advice not only possible ])ut desirable. I will ask you now, how shall it be ? Whoever here agrees with me, let him raise his right hand. [All raise right hands.] All agree with me, even Rysakow. Rysakow — Yes, brother. Your argument has convinced me, and there- fore I withdraw m^' motion. Zelabow — The Czar alone shall be punished. It will serve to frighten his successors and force them to change their dastardly system of gov- ernment. We will sit in judgment on the Czar in our usual wa}-. He seats himself, puts on the black mask, all follow his example. Music begins to plaj' a low tune. Zelabow, from the inside of tlie skull, takes somcthinij. Zelabow — In this skull we have twelve small balls. Six black and six white. Every one will take one of each. At the sign from me all will drop one ball back in the skull. Black means death, white life. Xow he knocks with the gavel, all six balls drop in the skull. Zelabow — You all have given your vote? All — We have. Zelabow (gets up) — One black, two, three, four, five, six — all black. The executive committee decide, therefore, that the Czar shall die. —as- All, even the Prince Alexander and Sacha standing at the door, get up, raise their hands and exclaim : " Death to the despot!" Mtisic ceases. They sit down and take off their masks. Zelabow — He will die. But now the question is, what way. We have tried already' different wa^vs of putting him to death and without avail. We have tried pistol shots, dynamite explosions. The Czar has escaped all these. He seems to bear a charmed life, and thanks to his luck or to our carelessness, may become a saint in the eyes of common people. Therefore, it is a matter of greatest possible importance to us that this attempt be successful and the Czar killed. We must decide w^hat way we shall tr}- again to kill him. KiBALZYTZ — Permit me. dear brother, to say a word upon the subject. Zelabow— We will hear you with pleasure. KiBALZYTZ— What I want to say^s this, as 3^ou all know, I am a chemist l)y profession. For a time I have worked upon the manufacturing of one thing which at least I succeeded in finishing, and in a w^ay that proved suc- cessful bej^ond my most sanguine expectations. This, in my opinion, maj' be used as the best means of liberating our country- from that hateful despot. Zelabow — What is it, brother? Explain 3^ourself. KiBATZVTZ — I will make it clear to all of you. I have manvifactured bombs. All — Bombs ! ! KiBALZYTZ — Yes, comrades, and I propose to use them now as the best way for killing the Czar. D^^namite explosions are out of the question, especially now after the Krolow's attempt. Pistol shot is always very doubtful, two to one that he w^ho shoots will miss; but the bomb, l^eing a novel device, will answer the purpose pei'fectly. M^'^ bomb will kill — almost tear to atoms — at the radius of one hundred feet. Using the bomb, we need not be afraid of missing our aim. The bomb will never be suspected by the public. It can, therefore, be carried perfectly safe in high silk hats or in an apron like that worn by oxic dvorniks. I tell you, comrades, that I have thought the matter over thoroughly, and am full)- convinced that in this way only we will succeed in killing Alexander the Second. Zelabow— I like your proposition very much, brother, but how can it be brought about ? Prince Alexander— Let me say a w^ord here. The Czar goes often to see his second morgantic w*ife, Princess Dolgourouki. He returns to his palace about 9 or 10 o'clock in the morning. He usually rides through St. Catherine street. While he rides from Princess Dolgoui'ouki's house to his palace, our purpose can be accomplished. Zelabow — He rides in a carriage. Will this bomb be of sufficient strength to kill the Czar while he sits inside. KiBALZYTZ— Hardly, he may receive a very great shock, which may even knock him senseless, but I don't think that it can kill him w^hile he is riding. If we accept the stor3' of our comrade, and make an attempt between Dolgourouki's house and his palace, it must be made in this way: The first man will throw the bomb under the carnage. It will wreck tl\e carriage and compel the Czar to get out. As soon as he gets out, the second man at hand will throw the second bomb right .under his feet. To prevent any possible chance of escape for the Czar, there ought to be a third man, who, if the Czar escapes, which is very doubtful, will throw the third bomb and finish him then and there. Now, comrades, you have mv proposition, which, 1 think, will be the best under the circumstances. —89— Zelabow — I think so, too. I like this plan very much. Now, itrests with you to decide. Are you satisfied with this ? All— Yes ! ZELAliOW — So shall it be. It now remains as to who will carry it out. As you know, the honor of appointment for such work rests solely with me, as president of the Executive Committee. In this case it is a very difficult matter for me. The fii-st two men, if not all three, in the proposed place go to certain death. If they are not killed on the spot, then they will be caught, imprisoned, tortured and executed. I am reluctant in making these appointments, as it means death to everyone whom I will appoint. Sophie Perowska— But we are all ready, without the slightest fear. Zelabow— I have no doubt of that, for if I thought that any one of you would falter for a moment, I would give up our cause for lost. So far we have done our duty well. We have distinguished ourselves by ati un- paralleled devotion to our cause, by an unassuming heroism of which the world never knows, and heroism as stoic as the walls of the prison within which the hero dies— silent as those, his only witnesses, his tormentors. RvsAKOW— I beg you to appoint me as the one to throw the first bomb. When you refused me on former occasions, you gave me your promise that I would have the first appointment in the future. The time has come, and I demand to be given that honor and privilege." Zelabow— The honor and privilege to die? Yes, brother, it is yours! I give it to you with all my heart, heavy laden and full of sorrow at the thought that our cause demands the sacrifice of such a young and noble life. Now for the second. Who shall that be ? All-I! I; I! I! Zelabow makes a motion with liig hand. Zelabow — Do not be so eager to die yet. Every erne's end will come in time! RysakoW' — I have almost forgotten. I have a man who, I think, would be just the right man for the .second place. (He looks at his watch. ) Yes. he is here now. He waits in one of our anterooms. Zelabow— Who is he? KvsAKOW— He is a Pole, who came from Warsaw, capital city of Poland, just yesterday. He brought with him a letter from the Central Committee of Polish NihiHsts of Warsaw, which he wants to present to our meeting. Zelabow— But was that enough guarantee to allow him to come here .' Don't you think, Rysakow, that you have acted rashly in the matter? Rysakow— The guarantee for me was another letter, from a dear friend of mine, a college mate, who resides at present in Warsaw. This letter, written in our mysterious ink, is significant, it is as follows : He gets it from his pocket. " The bearer of this, Stanislaus Gryniewicki, goes to St. Petersburg with the intention of placing himself at the disposal of your committee. I know him well. He is fearless, cautious and trustworthy, combining all these mental and moral qualities which will make him an almost priceless addition to the rank and file of your co-workers for liberty. Don't waste much time in ascertaining as to his integrity and ability, but place him at (jnce before the Executive Committee at its nearest session." So you see (holding the letter), in bringing him to our place, I have only followed the advice of a friend, whom I trust more than I would myself. Zelabow— To what room have you ox'dered him to be admitted '■ —40— KvsAKow— Room No. 3. Zelabow— Does he know the counlei-sign ? Rysakow— Yes. Zelbow (to the man at the door)— Sacha, go to room No. 3, and il" there is anyone waiting, after he gives you the countersign, bring him in. . Sacha ^oes awa3', and Zelabovv, tinning to the two Nihilists who were sitting silent all the time, says : Zebalow— We must pi-ove him first. The stage is suddenly made dark for a short time. During this time changes are made on the stage as follows: In the middle of the stage a bench with red marks. Over it hangs a brightly shining sword, seemingly in the air. All present wear masks. They arc sitting in a row on chairs. Zelabow stands in the middle. Near thedoora tall man intheusual civihan dress, his eves blindfolded, between the above- mentioned Nihilists. Zelabow — Take the covering Irom his eyes. Turning to the man who looks around in a dazed sort of a way. Who are you and what is j'^our object in coming here ? Gryniewicki — Am I before the Executive Committee? Zelabow — You are. Gryniewicki — Russian brothers, greeting! I am a man of few words, so instead of entering into a long explanation, read this letter, which,! have no doubt, explains everything. He unbuttons his coat and vest, takes out a penknife, slashes the inside of the vest open, and gets a piece of paper. The paper is white without envelope, only folded in a curious way. Zelabow takes the paper, looks around it carefully, and gets from his pocket asmall bottle, filled with some fluid. He wets the paper with that fluid. Zelabow — It looks genuine enough. Now 1 see writing plainly. You will have no objections to my reading it aloud, as it is addressed to all the members of our committee. Gryniewicki— None whatever. Zelabow (reading the letter) —"Brothers and comrades of Russia, we Irom fair and oppressed Poland send you greeting! The bearer of this, a young man for whose honesty, bravery and integrity, we, the members of the Polish Central Nihilistic Committee of Warsaw, vouch for, is desirous of l)erforming some work for you. He is not yet a Nihilist in your sense of the word, as we all are not, for his object as well as ours, is only the freedom of Poland, for which our fathers and forefathers suffered and died on the bat- tle-fields and scaffolds. We are now bound by the ties of revolt against the hateful oppression, the dreadful tyranny of Czardom, under which Poland suffered ten times more than Russia itself. You are fighting for the Ireedom of Russia, we for the freedom of Poland, because the new govern- ment—the government with even comparative freedom, will give Poland, if not total independence, at least authoritj^ which is enjoyed by our com- patriots under the Austrian regime. United, then, by a common cause, we are with you body and soul. As a mai-k of our sincerity, we send you the bearer of this, who is ready to do anything for you. He will place himself imreservedly at 3'our disposal. Use him as you think best. Use him in one of your fresh attempts on the tyrant's life. He will perform his work well. He is able and cunning. If necessary, he can die — die like a true descendant of Pulaski and Kosciuchko, like a descendent of those who were taught to love freedom on their mothers' knees. He will die like a true Pole." -41~ All on the stage applaud when the letter it finished. Gryniewicki bows to them in recognition. Zelahow [who alone remains silent, watching him closely.] — So you are ready to take a part in the attempt upon the Czar's life ? Gryniewicki— Yes ! Zelabow- -You . . . traitor ! This last word he cries very loud. Instantly all arise from their chairs. The three men standing by Gryniewicki's side catch him. Zelabow [loud] — Kill him ! Kill the traitor ! One of the men standing on the left side raises alargeknife. The man on the right takes a pistol and points it at him. They both make to appear as if they were going to kill him then and there. All this is done with lightning-like rapidity. Gry- niewicki stands quietly, withotit a tremor of the muscles. Zelabow [makes a gesture with his hand, they let him go.] — This test is over, you have stood it remarkably well. Now for another. You will lie on this bench— your heart directly under the point of the sword. Gryniewicki makes a motion as if to obey his orders. Zelabow— Stay, young man, and listen to what I ha^-e to say. This sword is not an ordinary one, as you can easily see by its shape. It is centuries old. It came down to us from some old Brahmin, who explained that it contained a wonderful charm. It drops and kills anyone lying on that bench, whose heart is not as brave as he intends, who even unknown to himself is not able to stand all physical pain and tortures without mur- muring, and who would be likely to waver at an important moment. All such are usually killed by that sword. We are not likely to believe in any charms, but we have had wonderful proofs which have convinced even the most sceptical that this sword contains some mysterious, supernatural power. Many people who were brought here for the purpose of testing them were killed. The sword drops and kills them. Why, it is beyond everybody's comprehension. It hangs on the same cord exactly. In one case, however, the cord breaks and the sword falls ; in another, it hangs motionless. The bench, as you see, is ready. It is red with the blood of those who were killed while undergoing this test. By this we are saved from traitors who are weak and cowardly at heart. After going through this test, those who are consigned by the committee to do any work, always perform it in a way which elicits the admiration of the whole world. This is why the real NihiHsts [that is, those who are initiated into all our means and ways] must of necessity be as brave as lions, or true as steel, because they have stood the sword test and came out victorious. So I warn you again, if you don't know yourself well, if you have the least doubt as to your moral strength, better not try it, for it means certain death. Gryniewicki — I have no doubt! I have no fear! I am not afraid of anything. I am ready to stand the trial. Zelabow — Put him on the bench ! With the assistance of the two. he is put on the bench. All is still for a moment, then suddenly the sword falls within an mch of his heart and goes up again. Gryniewicki [who lies motionless] — It didn't strike ! So I am not such a coward after all ! — Zelabow— Rise, brother ! i -42- All on the stage apiilaud. Grj^niewlcki stands up. Zelabow takes his mask off, and puts it on the table, and all follow his example. Zelabow — Brother from the fair land of Poland, you have stood 3-our test without reproach. You have stood it like a true Pole, — a people who are famous for their braver}- and integrit}'. We have no doubt now that you are all that the letter said of you — and you will therefore be given the post in our new effort, as suggested by Rj'sakow. Gryniewicki — One thing I wish to say is that after I perform mj' duty, and when Russia has been liberated from the present oppressive form of government, that you, dear brother, will keep the promise made b}' 3'ou repeatedly to my countrymen and give them their freedom. Zelabow — Undoubtedly. Our Polish brothers who are at present dispersed all over the world, and who live and die with the never-changing hope of regaining their lost freedom — have nobly responded to our call for help and are doing their share of work in the grand struggle for freedom, on the ground that b}' helping to free Russia the}- help to free their unhappy country. They are not mistaken. (Turning to Gryniewicki). No, you and your countrj'men are not mistaken, for the two nations that the hateful Czardom compelled to fight each other for more than a century — on the ruins of the Czar's despotism — on the grave of this hateful tyranny, will shake hands as a mark of eternal friendship; and respecting each others rights, will work in harmony for the progress and enlightenment of humanity. Therefore, brother, don't have any doubts upon that score. As soon as we triumph, so soon Poland will be given her share of liberty. But now to our object. You are one of us now. You are consigned to share the work with Rysakow. You will be informed as soon as the details of the coming attempt are arranged. Rysakow will take care of you for the few remaining days. The meeting is over. They shake hands with each other, and go one b^'^ one. On the stage remains Sophie and Alexander. Both make themselves ready for departure very slowly and seem very reluctant to leave. As soon as all go, Alexander comes quickh' up to her. Alexander — Oh, my dear, darling Sophie, how happy I am to be able to press you to my heart, to kiss your sweet lips, to call you my own, my ver)' own, once more. He embraces and kisses her. Sophie— I love you, Alexander, I am 3'ours; but oh, I wish 1 had never known 3^011. Alexander (stepping backwards) — What did you saj'. Sophie — I say what I feel. I love you so intensely that this love becomes a weakness that degrades me in m}^ own eyes — 5'-es, degrades me, for one who wishes to devote himself entireh' to the cause of the freedom of Russia ought to crush all personal feeling, and love only and solely the cause to which he is espoused. Alexander (humbly kissing her hand) — Don't grudge me your sweet love, beloved, because it was the cause of mj' moral redemption. Before I met you I lead a useless, worthless life, like many other young military men of my position, social standing and wealth. Before I met you I had no other purpose in life but my own pleasure — didn't think of doing anything but to please m\'self. How changed I am now. Since I met you and learned to love you, I have become altogether a different man. My love is not ordinary. It redeemed me from all my faults and inspired me to all that •s good and noble. At present I am ready to sacrifice my w^ealth, my -43- position, my life, if necessary, for the sake of those for whom you are fighting, for the sake of the poor oppressed people. Sophie (kissing his forehead)— Your words, dear love, make me happy- very happy, indeed. They sound in my ears like sweet music. I am proud of j'ou, and I could not wish anything more than the one I love to speak as you have. (Knock at the door). Sacha is knocking at the door to let us know, in his usual polite way, that it is time to leave, so we must part, dear. Good-bye. Alexander — One more kiss before we part. When can I see you again ? Sophie — To-morrow night, in the usual place. Alexander — Good-night ! Good-night ! " Parting is such sweet sorrow, I shall say good-night till it be to-morrow." They embrace each other. CURTAIN FALLS. ACT IV. Scene 2.— The Stage represents St. Catharines street in St. Petersburg. It is a broad street, with magnificent buildings. Men and women are passing through the street in silence, but thej- pass on the other side, that is, at the other end of the stage. Among the passers-by a military man is seen in the dress of a Russian officer, or gendarme. After a minute or two Gryniewicki comes on the front of the stage, dressed in the costume of a Russian street cleaner (called, in Russian, dvornik), composed of high boots, jacket trimmed with fur, a large apron, folded up as if con- taining dirt. He carries a large broom in his hand and sweeps the sidewalk. He sweeps for a minute or so in silence. Then conies R3-sakow. Rysakow wears an overcoat, has a cane in his hand, and on his head is a high silk hat. Rystikow passing Gryniewicki drops his cane as if unintentionally. Gryniewicki turns quickly, gets the cane and hands it to Rysakow. Rysakow thanks him for his kindness and begins to search his pockets for some change. While he does this he speaks quickly : Rysakow — Are you ready ? Gryniewicki — Yes. The bomb is in my apron. Rysakow — My bomb is under cover inside of my hat. Remember that Perowska is going to give us the signal. She is waiting now in the hack. As soon as the Czar's carriages start she will ride before them carrying a white handkerchief near her face. This is the signal. I will take off my hat before the Czar's carriages, as all do. Instead of putting it on my head I will throw it under his carriage. If he is not killed, then you will have to act. I will be located not far from here. Gryniewicki — But suppose I am not able to kill him, either, what then ? Rysakow — Sacha, who acts as the hackman, will be on hand. He has in his possession a bomb, and has also the courage to complete the good ■jwork we begin. The Czar must die. He hands him some money, which Gryniewicki receives with a low bow. There noi.«'* ^ »^J'0"v j-i^g stage. rROLOVjjarlj ! I think the carriage is coming. Be ready I Ivanow id the stage. Gryniewicki sweeps on as if nothing was going to They all 'is heard nearer and nearer. He stops sweeping, gets out his pi])e st as he lights his pipe the hack — a Russian hack, such as are seen -44— on the streets of Petersburg— passes through the street. Sacha acts as driver, dressed in the usual Russian driver's costume. It has only one occupant, Sophie Perowska, who looks neither to the right nor left. She holds in her hand a white handkerchief, and, as they pass from one side of the stage to the other, she wipes her face. Behind the stage, in a minute or two, a great noise is heard. Music begins to play Russian national air, " God Save the Czar." The noise, such as usually ^ comes from carriages and the horses' hoofs, is hicreasing. The cries, " Long live the Emperor!" "Long life to his gracious majesty, the Czar!" are heard behind the stage. Then the frightful explosion is heard, and cries. On the stage darts Rysakow, bareheaded. He is surroitnded by a mob of eight or nine men, in the usual civil dress, who hold him. Some beat him, some crj', " Oh, you rascal ! We will tear you to pieces!" Rysakow wants to break away, but cannot, Then comes the Czar, dressed in military costume. Behind him is seen General Terentjew, Prince Alexan- der and some more military men, two or three gendai-mes, and three or four Cossacks on horseback show themselves upon the stage. The Czar, seeing how they handle Rysakow, walks a few steps to the front of the stage. Czar— Do not harm that man. He will be punished for what he has done. At present do not molest him. Let him be delivered into the hands of justice. While he is speaking, the gendarmes surround Rysakow and lead him behind the curtain. Terentjew (calling aloud)— Carriage for his majesty ! Quick ! The noise is heard and the carriage, drawn with two horses, comes on the stage. The doors of the carriage are thrown open. Terenjew, Prince Alexander, and Ivanow stand near the carriage door. Terentjew— All is ready, your imperial highness. The Czar takes off his cap and crosses himself in the style of the Greek Catholics, from the right shoulder. Czar — Thank God Almighty, that He has saved me again. As soon as these words fall from his lips, from the opposite curtain comes Gryniewicki. He is dressed like before, only without broom. Gryniewicki (takes the bomb out from his folded apron)— Not yet, you accursed tyrant ! He throws the bomb under the Czar's feet. The Czar falls. Gryniewicki and some of the gendarmes are killed by the explosion. Among the spectators who were gathered, Sophie Perowska is seen. After the explosion of the bomb she makes a step as if to ascertain if the Czar, whom Prince Alexander, Terentjew and Ivanow surround, is really killed. Terentejew takes off his military- cloak, in which the Czar is being wrapped. Ivanow (sees Sophie coming a step or two nearer, and in one instant he comes up to her and seizes her by the wrist) — Girl, who are 3'ou ? Sophie— Let me go ; it is not your business. Ivanow— How dare you speak in that way to me— you (looking at her attentively). Yes, I am sure I have seen you riding before our carriages in a hack. Prince Alexander (coming forward)— Let go that girl, Ivanow. Ivanow— (looking at him)— Why so ? Prince Alexander — Because she is innocent. Ivanow — But how do you know? Do you know her? Prince Alexander— No ; that is, yes; I know her, and I c( to let her go. Ivanow— I refuse ! It won't hurt to investigate if she is in horrible crime or not. Remove this girl, some of you ; gen forward. -45- Prince Alexander pushes back Ivanow and the gendarmes, and stands by Sophie. He has a pistol in his hand. Prince Alexander — Anyone who will dare to lay hands on this girl will be a dead man. General Terentjew — Prince, be ashamed of yourself! Let that girl go. Are 3'ou mad ? And all this in the presence of his majesty, lying dead or maybe mortal! wounded. Cease that disgraceful strife. With the help of some gendarmes, he carries the Czar into the carriage. By that time, when Terentjew puts the Czar in the carriage, two gendarmes, obeying the orders of Ivanow, laj' hands on Perowska. Prince Alexander shoots twice. One gendarme falls dead, another is wounded. Ivanow— He is a traitor, kill him ! He takes out his sabre. Gendarmes and Cossacks on horseback surround Alex- ander, who shoots again. CURTAIN FALLS. ACT. V. Scene 1.— The stage represents the prison where the captured Nihilists are confined. It is divided into two parts. One part looks like a court room where political prisioners are tried, as, according to the law, all political trials are held, verdicts given and executed in secret. The other part is only a sort of ante-room furnished only with benches around the walls. A table stands in one comer. Around it are sitting hangman Frolow, and two gendarmes, Sukin and Blochow. Upon the table stands a big flask with whiskey glasses, a loaf of black bread and a small plate with salt. As soon as the curtain rises, the trio sitting around the table raise their glasses, drink the draught, and sing some song with a melancholy Russian tune. After they have sung a few stanzas, Ivanow enters. Ivanow (severely) — Cease that singing you fools! If I wasn't as «oft- hearted as I am, I ought to have punished you all for your want of icspv t to the memory of our martyred, saintly master. He takes off his hat and devoutly crosses himself The others follow his example. Frolow— Ah, yes, captain! When I think of how our beloved master was martyred, I feel faint at heart, almost ready to cry : " I must cheer my- self up." He fills his glass and the two gendarmes follow his example. Frolow — Would you take a drop of it, Captain. Ivanow (with great dignit\-) — Well, I won't mind taking a little. Frolow fills a glass for him. All take the glasses in hands. Frolow (raising his glass) — My regards. Captain. Ivanow — The same to you. They all drink and put down their glasses. -46- Blochow — When 1 think of what happened, I wonder in my foolish mind wh}- God Ahnighty has permitted such a horrible deed. Frolow — God's will cannot be comprehended or understood by us. IvANOw — Yes, but in this case it is unjust. Instead of allowing such a deed to pass, God ought to have visited these wretches with a most terrible death. Frolow — Don't blaspheme, father. I have to cheer mj-self up again a little. (He fills his glass.) Take another drop. Cap. (Tolvanow.) IvANOw (hesitating) — Yes, but just a drop; I have to quit drinking, since my promotion. 1 cannot drink like those beasts (pointing at the two gendarmes who are filling their glasses.) Both Gendarmes— Just so, \'our honor. Frolow — All right, father, just as you sa}'. He fills tlie glass full to the brim and hands it over to Ivauow, who takes it without seeming to notice that the glass is filled contrary to his orders. Frolow', glass in liahd, rises. The gendarmes follow his example. Frolow — Gentlemen, I call you gentlemen, as all the Czar's servants are such, I take the liberty of proposing to you that you drink the health of Captain Ivanow, who displayed such remarkable skill in capturing one of the worst Nihilists, that girl called Perowska. May he live ahundred years and become chief of police of St. Petersburg. Hurrah for gallant Captain Ivanow. Both Gendarmes — Hurrah ! Hurrah ! The}' drink and sit down again. Ivanow [seemingl}' pleased] — Thank you, my friends— I have done all I could to deserve promotion, and the highest words of favor which were spoken to me b}' our beloved martyred Czar. He takes oft' his military cap, crosses himself in the Gi'eek Catholic style. All follow his example. Blochow — There is not the least doubt that his honor, the Captain, is a master in everything. Nobody can equal him. SuKiN— Just think of the masterly way he captured that wench, Perowska and killed her lover. Ivanow [pretending to be modest] — Well, I know a thing or two — I cannot deny that, and I know the world a little, and have seen something of it, too. Being on guard near the carriage of the martyred Czar [takes off his cap and crosses himself; all follow his example], I noticed at not a great distance, a hack, to which I didn't pay any attention at first, but just when our carriages were starting", a young girl entered and drove off a ta furi- ous pace, so that, even if I tried, I could riot catch them , for the hack, as I could see, was drawn by splendid throughbreds. and, besides, I had to ride as slow as the impei-ial carriages. I kept my eye on the hack, which had aroused m}' suspicion, and noticed that the girl took out a white handker- chief. . Then came the terrible accident. When our saintly and martyred master [takes off his cap, the others follow his example] was bleeding to death, I noticed a girl standing not far off. Of course I could not tell whether that was the same girl who rode in the hack, but for the fact that she held a white handkerchief. Why she held that handkerchief still, I cannot tell. Perhaps she forgot all about it in the excitement of the moment — or God had taken her reason so that she shoidd be caught and punished. As soon as my eyes rested on her, and especially 6n that handkerchief, I suspected that something was wrong — so I wanted to arrest her. That traitor, I -47- belicve her lover and associate in crime, l*rince Alexander, interfered. Hut it did'nt help either of them, as they got the worst of the fij^ht. Frolow— Was he killed there? IvA.NOW— No! But he is wounded and cannot live, for which 1 am sorr}', for I would prefer that he should live, for he would make a fine toy for you, Frolow, old man. Frolow— Don't mind me, Cajjtain, I will yet have many such to toy with. IVANOW— No doubt of it— yes, you will get that girl. She will make a splendid toy to put in the noose. She is a regular beauty, she is, 1 tell you. Frolow. Besides, you will have another— Rysakow. So you will not be kept in idleness now, friend Frolow. Frolow— Let us cheer ourselves up a little, then. He fills a glass for himself and Ivanow. The gendarmes llll <'.i