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 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 
 
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POLITICAL ROMANISM 
 
 A POCKET MANUAL. 
 
 •7Vg^ 
 
 BY W. MONTAGUE CONNELLY, 
 
 ''AUTHOR or THE ''FOUR BEASTS." 
 
 , 1875 .h 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE 
 
 INDEPENDENT PUBLISHfNG COMPANY. 
 1875. 
 
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 1 
 

 "^Tfl FrieMs of Civil aifl Relipis Liherlf. 
 
 Believing that, whether you are men of native or foreign birth, 
 whether you are Roman Catholics or Protestants, whether you 
 are capitalists or laborers, the great majority of you sincerely' 
 desire the permanence of our Republican institutions, we, on 
 behalf of great principles and important political measures 
 address you. You surely do not desire that free institutions 
 shall be destroyed or subverted even to give political power 
 and pecuniary emolument to the party to which you belong, or 
 the church to which you are attached. 
 
 When you see clearly the issues presented, you will prefer the 
 civil and religious liberty of your children and of your 
 children's children, to all shams of party or religion. There is 
 no doubt that you would willingly shed your blood in defence 
 of free institutions, if they were openly or directly assailed, but 
 there is danger that many of you may be led to think it a good 
 thing to crush out the civil and religious liberty of those who 
 do not think as you do. Be assured that this would be the de- 
 struction of free institutions. It would result in the slavery 
 of your children as well as those of others. 
 
 If you are friends of civil and religious liberty you should 
 not wish to force any one to be or not to be Roman Catholic, 
 Protestant, Infidel or Hebrew. You should have as much re- 
 spect for the rights of conscience, of person and of property 
 belonging to the man of another political party or religious bee 
 
lief, as you hare for your own. The right of every one to secure 
 enjojment of life, health, reputation, property and opinion, 
 is the foundation of our Republican institutions. 
 
 This is why no set of men, the leaders of no political party, 
 the heads of no church organization, have special right to direct 
 or control the government for their advantage, or the promo- 
 tion of their religion. This is why there should be no union of 
 church and State, no using the law to enforce religious dogmas, 
 no taking of public money to aid church enterprises, no exemp- 
 tion of any private property from bearing its fair share of public 
 burdens. 
 
 Holding these opinions, we claim that to maintain free insti- 
 tutions against insidious encroachments, there should be recog- 
 nition of certain facts. 
 
 1st. Civil government is for the regulation of civil affairs in 
 the community according to the will of the majority, so that 
 individual rights may be secure. 
 
 2d. No church has the right to assume any functions of the 
 State, or to restrict State authority in the regulation of civil 
 affairs according to the will of the majority. 
 
 3d. There should be no alliance of any church with the State. 
 No money collected by taxation for public uses should be given 
 to any church enterprises or political partizans, and no private 
 or church property should be allowed to evade paying its fair 
 share of taxes. 
 
 4th. The State should promote the welfare and protect the 
 bights of the whole cotnmunity by advancing the education 
 
 needful to itiake tilen useful citizens, by establishing relief for 
 
the unfortunate, by fairly representing the ivill of the majority, 
 by securing justice between man and man, and by maintaining 
 civil and religious liberty. 
 
 Taking these positions, we ignore and denounce the claim of 
 any church that she has a right to limit the civil power of the 
 State. 
 
 We denounce efforts to destroy the Public School System, or 
 to subvert it by making the State support secta ian schools of 
 any denomination. 
 
 We denounce all misappropriations ofpublic money to support 
 any church or private enterprises. 
 
 We denounce all unjust exemptions of any class of private 
 property belonging to individuals, to churches, or to chartered 
 corporations, from paying its fair share of taxation. It is not 
 Republicanism to tax some men's property and forever ex- 
 empt from taxation the property of others. 
 
 Are not these principles so just, so truly Republican, so need- 
 ful for the preservation of civil and religious liberty, that you, 
 reader, whether you are Roman Catholic, Protestant, Hebrew 
 or Infidel, and whether you are foreign born or native, can 
 heartily support them. 
 
 We ostracise no man for his religious or political opinions, 
 but if we know that a man is seekitig to subvert free institutions 
 we will not be willing to place him in power. 
 
 If a Roman Catholic is not an enemy of our public school 
 system, if he does not consider it right to prosecute and wage War 
 with heretics, if he condems abstraction of money from the pub- 
 lic treasury for private or sectarian objects, if he is opposed to 
 all union of church and State, and the control of the State by 
 
6 
 
 the church, and would not give the Roman Catholic church any 
 greater rights and powers than others, and is an honest and 
 capable man, we have no objection to seeing him in office 
 whether he is native or foreign born. 
 
 "We war on no man for having been born one place or another. 
 
 We war on no man for his religious belief, but we want to 
 be sure that the men who are placed in office are not enemies of 
 free institutions. 
 
 We deprecate the ostracising of any man because of his 
 religion. 
 
 Wb equally deprecate the electing op any man who is put 
 forward because he is expected to favor the designs op a 
 church on the public treasury, on civil liberty, on the bible, 
 and on public schools. 
 
 We beliete that at this time the Bishops of the Roman Catho- 
 lic church are more dangerous to free institutions than the 
 ministers of anj other church. 
 
 They declare the policy and direct the whole fofce of the 
 Roman Catholic church. 
 
 l^he Position of Roman Catholic i'riests. 
 
 Inhere are estitnated to be in the Tnited States about 8,500,- 
 000 Catholics controlled by otie Cardinal, seven Archbishops, 
 fifty-seven Bishops and 4,500 Priests. 
 
 Father Stack, a Roman Catholic priest, sajs: 
 
 " the fact is, the Catholics of America— mote than one-fifth 
 of the population— are governed by absolute, irresponsible 
 power,centered in the class of bishops, and wielded by them 
 
without regard of any law, civil or ecclesiastical. And so su- 
 preme is the arbitrary will of every individual bishop within 
 his diocese that there is no appeal from his fiat. The editor of 
 the New York Freemen's Journal, who is himself a leader of 
 Catholic thought, an able and fearless advocate of the Church, 
 has, with more truth than irony, nicknamed these bishops 
 "the little popes of America." And a distinguished priest, 
 writing in the Freeman ( 1869,) describes them as " playing the 
 triple role of judge, jury, and hangman." Nor is the descrip- 
 tion overdrawn. These American bishops accuse and condemn, 
 expel and suspend, excommunicate and punish, without fear 
 of accountability to any law. The 4500 priests of America 
 are reduced to a mere caste, and are so enslaved as to be mere 
 tools in the hands of the bishops. The priests have no sort of 
 representation ; they have no voice in synod ; none in the elec- 
 tion or nomination of their masters, the bishops. Instead of 
 holding iheir oflBce for life, as the law of the church guarantees, 
 they are liable to be deprived of their rank and emoluments, 
 and to be cast friendless upon the world by the caprice of the 
 bishop's will. Their honor, their reputation, their livelihood, 
 are at the mercy of the bishop. I might say their very life is 
 at bis mercy ; for if you deprive men of the means of living — 
 and the avocation of a clergyman is the only one for which 
 most of them are qualified— do you not virtually deprive them 
 of life? But has the priest no remedy in the Church ? He has, 
 and he has not. He has, de jure ; and he has not de faclo. 
 The law of the Church provides for an ecclesiastical tribunal to 
 try and adjudicate in all differences between priests and bisho^:s. 
 But the bishop interposes his non placet ^ and will not allow any 
 such thing as an ecclesiastical tribunal iu America. What, 
 then, is left for the priest but to have recourse to civil law to 
 enforce his righti of contract with the Church ? And yet if he 
 
8 
 
 80 falls back on his citizenship, he is likely to get excommuni- 
 cated for his pains. The priests are slaves, and, at the same 
 time, the instruments of the enslaving power. They are the 
 men who move among the people, and talk to them and execute 
 among them the orders of the bishops. There is not a Catho- 
 lic paper in America that can afford to strike out, with any 
 hope of success, independently of the bishops. No Catholic 
 dares to sue a bishop except at the peril of his soul's salvation, 
 and thus Catholics are practically debarred, as far as bishops 
 are concerned, from enjoying the common rights of citizen- 
 ship. The law of the land might as well be blotted out when 
 there is question among Catholics of power of bishops."' 
 
 WHAT THE ALL POWERFUL BISHOPS 
 SWEAR TO DO. 
 
 The oath that must be taken by all Roman Catholic Bishops 
 when they receive the pallium, is given in the Pontifical Ro- 
 manum in the Antwerp, Paris and Roman Editions, and it 
 contains in Latin the obligation : "Heretics, Schismatics, and 
 Rebels to the said Lord (the Pope) or his aforesaid Successors, 
 i will to the uttermost of my power, prosecdpb and wage war 
 
 with, so help MB GoD AND THOSE HOLY GoSPELS OF GoD." 
 
 Under the authority of Pope Clement 8th, and Pope Urban 
 8th, and with Catelanos' notes, it is determined that this Ponti- 
 fical oath "shall not at any time be changed in whole or in part, 
 and nothing shall be added to it and nothing subtracted from 
 it." The Pontificale further says : "when the Pallium is sent 
 from the Apostolic See, the Pontiff to whom the delivery of it 
 is committed, meets with the elected in his own church or in 
 some church of his diocese on a fixed day. When the pallium 
 
is spread on the altar, covered with the silk in which it was 
 carried, mass being finished, the Pontiff sitting on a gold stool 
 recites the oath of fidelity from the Archbishop elect in the name 
 of the Apostolic See, the elect kneeling before him in his pon- 
 tiPcil? vnd without gloves." 
 
 How comes it that this Bishop's and Archbishop's oath is never 
 published in Roman Catholic papers, when they give ornate and 
 minute descriptions of such ceremonials. Is there a concious- 
 ness that such an oath is against the spirit of toleration and re- 
 ligious liberty? 
 
 THE CLAIM OP THE R. C. CHURCH. 
 
 The Roman church claims that she has from God the right to 
 define and thus limit the authority of any state or nation in 
 which she exists. She always has and does now oppose the 
 right of the state to subjtct her priests to the same civil duties 
 as are required of other men. She always has and does now 
 oppose the right of the state to allow liberty of Speech or the 
 Press. She always has and does now oppose the right of the 
 State to issue a writ of Habeas Corpus to see whether any one 
 is held in ecclesiastical imprisonment contrary to his or her 
 own will. 
 
 WHAT THE PRESENT POPE HAS DONE. 
 
 The present Pope has declared void laws of Spain, Piedmont, 
 Austria, New Grenada, Mexico and Sardinia, that gave tolera- 
 tion to other than the Roman Religion, and established freedom 
 of the press and religious worship. Last year the Pope declared 
 
10 
 
 that Prussian subjects should not obey the laws pai^sed by the 
 Prussian Legislature, in relation to schools supported by the 
 State. The Pope has very recently demanded of King Alphon- 
 so that the Roman church shall be placed in Spain as it was 
 before the revolution, that is: all other public worship forbidden, 
 and Protestant churches and cemeteries disallowed. 
 
 If Rome could, she would demand in this country, what 
 she demands in Spain. It is for that end that she is using 
 all the influence she can command . 
 
 POWER OP ROME. 
 
 "There must be less petty jealousies amongst us; nationalities 
 must be made subordinate to religion, and we must learn that 
 we are Catholics first and citizens next. Catholicity does not 
 bring us in conflict with the State, yet it teaches that God is 
 above man, and the Church above the State.' ^ — Bishop Gilmer, 
 {Roman Catholic.) 
 
 ' ' This doctrine is the legitimate and logical result of the Dogma 
 of Infallibility, and makes the Church identical with God, and 
 its authority paramount with His. It is but one step fiom this 
 position to the Inquisition. All that is wanting is poicer to 
 compel comformity, for Romanism, so expressed, to crush civil 
 and religious liberty. — Cleaveland Leader . 
 
 "The ecclesiastical power is superior to the civil, and defines 
 the limit of one and the other." — M. Captl, {Great Roman 
 Oath olic authority . ) 
 
 " Whenever any Law of man, whether relating to spiritual 
 or temporal aifairs, conflicts with any Law of God, as it is in- 
 
11 
 
 terpreted to the world by the infallible Pope of Rome, it is to 
 be disobeyed and the latter is to be substituted for it."— Western 
 Catholic. 
 
 '' If the liberties of the American people are ever destroyed, 
 they will fall by the hands of the Romish clergy. — La/ay ette. 
 
 Give the Roman Catholic Church the power, and she would 
 be untrue to her whole history, untrue to the utterances of the 
 great body of her clergy, untrue to the threats of ber church 
 papers, untrue to her convictions, untrue to the oaihs of her 
 Bishops, if she did not persecute and wage war on heretics, did 
 not seek to control or break down what she calls the Godless 
 public schools, did not abolish the free reading of the Bible and 
 toleration of all religions. She has never yet had the power in 
 Maryland to do so. It may be said that Methodists, Baptists 
 and Presbyterians would do the same if they had the power. 
 We are not considering now what other sects might do, but what 
 the Roman Catholic Church has done, is doing and swears to 
 do. Certainly no other Church claims the right to declare the 
 limit of the power of the State. In no other Church do Bishops 
 swear to oppose free toleration of other religions. 
 
 Roman Catholics are as much interested as any other citizens 
 in knowing whether under the guidance of Bishops and Jesuits, 
 the Church they love is the friend or foe of religious liberty. 
 
 The heads of the Roman Church are now laboring to consol- 
 idate its different parts. This is the purpose that influences the 
 dedications to the Sacred Heart of Jeeug, the Catholic Temper- 
 ance unions, «&c., &c. 
 
12 
 
 ROMANISM JUSTIFIES THE ABSTRACTION 
 OF PUBLIC MONEY FOR HER USE. 
 
 The Romanist Church always urges and applauds the abstrac- 
 tion of public money from the public treasury and giving it to 
 aid her enterprises. No Romanist paper, Priest, Bishop, Arch- 
 bishop or Cardinal has ever uttered one word of condemnation 
 of Tweed, Connolly, Sweeny, and the other New York ring 
 thieves, for having stolen from the public treasury and given to 
 Romish Church enterprises in three years, $1,915,456 92 of the 
 people's money, nor one word of condemnation of the same 
 thieves having given, in the same three years, $3,500,000 worth 
 of public property to the same Romish enterprises. 
 
 When the Roman Catholic Church in New York got in 1869 
 $510,071 82, in 1870 $464,681 05, in 1871 $421,625 64 of the 
 money that belonged to the public, and that the donors had no 
 right to give to the Church, the Methodist Church got in the 
 whole three years only $7,270 95, the Baptists only $5,325 83 
 altogether, the Presbyterians only $13,960 52 altogether, the 
 German Evangelicals only $3,691 16 altogether, the Reformed 
 Dutch only $22,220 06 altogether, and the Episcopalians only 
 $56,956 74 altogether. 
 
 It may be said that it was luck — that the other churches took 
 all they could get. Even that would not make the abstraction 
 right or the division fair, but the fact is that from the first many 
 persons and sectarian papers of the Methodist, Baptist and 
 other Churches, were opposed to taking such illegal donations, 
 and so strong was this feeling that in 1871 and afterwards the 
 Presbyterians, Baptists, Methodists, Reformed Dutch, and Ger- 
 man Evangelical Churches in New York, neither asked nor 
 would receive such donations, which in 1871 alone amounted to 
 $421,625 64 to the Roman Catholic Chmch. Everjwhere in 
 
13 
 
 all large cities the Roman Catholic Church has desired and 
 urged the donation to her of such abstractions. Her Arch- 
 bishops, Bishops and Priests have petitioned for such union of 
 Church and State, such abstractions of public money. 
 
 The Romanist Church bitterly denounces any public man who 
 opposes such misuse of money collected by taxation for public 
 uses. It is no proscription of Roman Catholics to oppose this 
 constant universal policy and practice of the Roman Catholic 
 Church. 
 
 While the Episcopalians, Reformed Dutch, German Evangel- 
 ical^, Baptists and Methodists, who pay three fourths of all the 
 taxes in New York, only had donations of public money amount- 
 ing to $357,774 47 in three years, the Roman Catholic Church , 
 whose people do not pay one-third of the taxes, was presented 
 with $1,915,456 92 out of the public treasury, and had $3,500,- 
 000 of public property given to it also. 
 
 When Archbishop Bayley was welcomed here, a leading pol- 
 itician boasted that " no Roman Catholic institution asking 
 money from the city treasury had ever been refused." 
 
 The Western Catholic denounces those who favor taxing 
 ecclesiastical property in common with all other private prop- 
 erty, as "knaves " ''social pests," "immoral and disorgan- 
 izing drones," as "guilty of mendacious pretences" and 
 " hypocritical greed," and as "actuated by personal greed and 
 personal revenge," "undertaking to reform even the Creator 
 himself." 
 
 The American doctrine is that those who hold office in the 
 State or city have the right to pay just claims on the State or 
 city, but have no right to donate public money to any person 
 or institution when there is no legal claim. 
 
14 
 
 The old south church property in Boston was donated for re- 
 ligious purposes over a hundred years ago, when it was worth 
 $6,000. The lot is worth now at least $500,000. It has never 
 paid taxes since its donation, and as the church was burned 
 down, the congregation wanted the legislature to give permis- 
 sion for them to sell the lot, pocket the money, and build a 
 church somewhere else. Mr. Josiah Phillip Quincy, a leader of 
 the church taxation movement, claims that the lot must be used 
 for religious purposes, or the back taxes must be paid, or the 
 proceeds of the sule paid over to the public treasury before the 
 church owners can give a title. 
 
 The National Bjptist says: — The whole matter is settled 
 when you have answered two questions. 1st. Has civil society 
 a right to give the public money to a religious or ecclesiastical 
 body, to a missionary society, a tract society or a church ? 
 According to the theory of all the state-church governments, 
 civil society has this right. Ts this the American view? 
 
 The burden of impartial taxation should fall indiscriminately 
 on all denominations, among which the Methodists have nine 
 millions more, and the Presbyterians but thirteen millions less 
 than the sixty-one millions of Catholic property. 
 
 A Committee of the Illinois Conference of the M. E. Church 
 has reported in favor of the taxation of church property. They 
 argue in their report that the Constitution forbids the State to 
 aid any religious denomination, and that laws which exempt 
 $382,000,000 worth of church property from taxation violates 
 the letter and spirit of the Constitution. The committee add 
 that the taxation of church property would be favorable to the 
 interest of religion by showing that the separation between the 
 Church and the State is complete. 
 
15 
 
 The assessors of the District of Columbia have valued the lots 
 and church property belonging to the various denominations as 
 follows: Washington, $1,425,794; Georgetown, $115,955; 
 and county, $48,295, the whole teing $1,590,744. This is the 
 basis on which they purpose to tax them, contrary to previous 
 usage. 
 
 The Roman Catholic institution, the St. Mary's Industrial 
 School, has employed a Protectant lawyer to enable her to get 
 hold of the public money appropriated by the City Council and 
 stopped by injunction. 
 
 Romanism would banish the Bible. 
 
 Pope Gregory VIl condemned the general freedom allowed to 
 read the Bible in the vulgar tongue. 
 
 Pope Innocent declared the Bible too profound for the com- 
 mon people, and quoted the text "If so be that a beast touch 
 the Mountain it shall be stoned or thurst through with a dart." 
 
 Pope Clement II, in a Bull pronounced it a false, scandalous, 
 pernicious, blasphemous error to hold that all may read the Holy 
 Scriptures . 
 
 Pope Benedict XIV opposed a translation of the Bible. 
 Pope Leo XII issued an Encyclical against Bible societies. 
 Pope Pius VII issued a Bull forbidding the circulation of the 
 Scriptures. 
 
 Pope Pius IX, in 1846, anathematized "those very crafty 
 and deceitful societies called Bible societies, which thrust the 
 Bible into the hands of inexperienced youth." 
 
 Archbishop Ximenes said, " It is utterly wrong to circulate 
 the scriptures in the vulgar tongue." 
 
16 
 
 Cardinal Hosius said, " To give the Bible to the laity is to 
 cast pearls before swine. Bible translations have done harm. I 
 would not have any." 
 
 The council of Toulouse (1229) declared "That the laity 
 must not possess the books of the Old and New Testament." 
 
 The council of Terracona (1233) declared that any one priest 
 or layman who had a translation of the Bible and did not in 
 eight days give it up to be burnt should be esteemed a heretic. 
 
 The Synod of Oxford (1406) denounced having the Bible in 
 English. 
 
 ROMANISM AND PUBLIC SCHOOLS. 
 
 The Roman church is the foe of public free schools, unless she 
 can control them for her own purposes. 
 
 There are Roman Catholics who are the friends of public 
 schools, and there are others who have no special opposition to 
 public schools, but prefer to have their children under the priests 
 in the church schools, and would like to lessen their taxe3 for 
 education. But the Church as a church, controlled by the 
 bishops and Jesuits, is opposed to all schools not controlled by 
 the priests. 
 
 Rome has claimed that she only had the right to educate and 
 to marry, and she has opposed as far as she could civil mar- 
 riages and public schools. — Intelligencer. 
 
 It is not unreasonable to suppose that the Catholic clergy are 
 intent on incorporating their schools with the public schools, whtre 
 this can be done with safety to their own influence. But this 
 scheme is not likely to succeed any better than the other. — 
 J\>u> York Times, 
 
17 
 
 Rome denounces all schools not controlled by priests. 
 
 Some Roman Catholics may not be foe>s of public or Protestant 
 schools, but the Roman Catholic church is, and its sentiment is 
 fairly expressed by the following: "I would as soon admin- 
 ister the sacraments to a dog as to Catholics who send their 
 children to the public schools." — Father Walker. 
 
 " "What Father Walker says is only what has been said by 
 the bishops all over the world, over and over again in their 
 pastorals, and we heartily endorse it." — Ntw York Tablet. 
 
 " When I see them drag from me the children, the poor little 
 ch^d^en, and give them an Infidel education, it breaks my 
 heaxt. — Pojpe Pius IX, 
 
 ''When Catholic parents understand that they cannot have 
 absolution in the confessionals while they let their children go 
 to Godless or to Protestant schools, they will soon find a remedy. 
 — Freeman^ s Journal. 
 
 The schoolmasters of Italy, in a congress which they recently 
 held at Bologna, passed a resolution adverse to religious in- 
 struction in public schools. It asserts "the incompetency of 
 the State to impart instruction in dogmatic religion in public 
 elementary schools, and would leave to the municipalities, if 
 request be made by families, the faculty of regulating such in- 
 struction in the mode which they may consider the most oppor- 
 tune." 
 
 The Catholic Telegraph, of Cincinnati, says: "The 4Uh 
 and 48th articles of the Syllabus have authoritatively settled 
 for all time that the exclusion of religious instruction, [that is, 
 not of other religions but of Romanism,] is a damnable error 
 which Catholics cannot approve without a denial of faith and 
 commission of sin." 
 
18 
 
 Last year fifty-one Roman Catholic bishops and archbishops 
 sent to the French Assembly a protest against establishing a 
 public school system, declaring that a public secular education 
 would breed more mischiefs to France than all the disasters of 
 the war. 
 
 " The public schools have produced nothing but a Godless 
 generation of thieves and blackguards." — Father Schauer. 
 
 Last year Father Konings wrote a pamphlet in which he 
 held that in exceptional cases it might be right to grant absolu- 
 tion to parents who send their children to the Godless public 
 schools, whereupon the Freeman's Journal said : " We can tell 
 Father Konings that it is far better for the children of Catholics 
 to run in the streets under the even occasional watch of their 
 parents than to send them to these acknowledged nests of all 
 abominations, the Godless public schools." 
 
 The Catholic members of the New Brunswick House of As- 
 sembly, headed by Mr. Burns, had a conference with the Gov- 
 ernment in reference to making such modifications of the School 
 Act as shall make it acceptable to the Catholics of the Province. 
 It is rumored that the propositions put forvrard refer, first to 
 the attendance at school of Catholic children in populous dis- 
 tricts; to the mode of licensing the Christian Brothers and Sis- 
 ters of Charity on certain tests; to the substitution for objec" 
 tionable books in history and reading of others approved by 
 the Board, and to the allowance of religious instruction after 
 school hours. 
 
 The Roman Catholic church holds that all schools should be 
 broken up unless a Roman Catholic education is given in them. 
 She never has recognized the right of heresy to exist. She 
 claims that she has the right from God to determine how far her 
 own authority extends. She always denies the right of the 
 State to limit her authority. 
 
19 
 Sincere Roman Catholics. 
 
 The more sincere a Roman Catholic is, the greater will be his 
 zeal in sustaining his church if he sympathizes with her in her 
 hatred of all but Romanist schools as Godless Formerly the 
 Roman Catholic church denied that the State had a right to 
 levy a school tax. She claimed that the State had no right to 
 establish or support schools since education belonged to the 
 church. Recently in New York and other States, the Roman 
 Catholic church demands that the State shall support her schools 
 while the priests control them. To this it is objected that the 
 State has no right to support any church or private schools, and 
 that attempting to support all sectarian schools would break up 
 the whole public school system and consign millions of children 
 to ignorance. 
 
 Reading the Bible. 
 
 The question of reading the Protestant Bible in schools is 
 not the issue. The reading of any Bible is denounced by the 
 Roman Catholic church. Pope Gregory 7th condemned the 
 general freedom allowed of reading the Bible in the vulgar 
 tongue. Pope Innocent 3d declared that the common people 
 should not be allowed to read the Scriptures. Pope Clement 
 11th declared it a "false, scandalous, pernicious, blasphemous 
 error, to hold that all may read the Holy Scriptures." Pope 
 Benedict 14th opposed a traiiblation of the Bible into Persian. 
 Pope Pius Tth, in a Bull, forbade the circulation of the Scrip- 
 tures. The council of Trent declared that the forgiveness of 
 sins should be withheld from any man who "shall dare to have 
 a Bible in the vulgar tongue" without a license from his 
 ecclesiastical superiors. Many similar declarations of Roman 
 
20 
 
 Catholic authorities might be given. The Roman Catholic, 
 church is hostile to the general reading of any version of the 
 Bible, but if no Bible was used in the public schools the Roman 
 Catholic church would still declare them Godless, and would 
 seek to control or break them down. The more a Roman 
 Catholic is in sympathy with his church, the stronger will be 
 his wish to break down the public schools. He may be a sin- 
 cere, moral, honest man, but his church is the enemy of Bible 
 reading, of public schools, of toleration of other religions. 
 
 Archbishop Bay ley, in his pastoral letter of February 6 th, 
 18T5, laments the good old times before the French revolution, 
 when " to have sent a child to a school were religious teachings 
 were excluded, would have been regarded as virtual apostacy, 
 when mixed marriages were almost unknown, and when there 
 was not such license as is now granted to the young in the com- 
 pany they kept, the books and newspapers they read, and the 
 places of amusement they visited, and when the standard of 
 duty and practice was higher than at present, and he declares 
 " we must return to the old path." 
 
 Rochester, New York, has by a vote of twelve to four in its 
 Board of education, determined that all religious exercises of 
 any nature shall be prohibited in the public schools. This is 
 the American idea of secular education by the State, not claim- 
 ing that such education is all that children need, but taking the 
 position that it is all that the State can furnish at the public 
 expense. — New York Times. 
 
 The Right of All to Habeas Corpus. 
 
 In nearly all countries of the World it is being discovered 
 that confinement in an Ecclesiastical prison should not deprive 
 
• 21 
 
 any one of civil rights to habeas corpus, and damages for en- 
 forced imprisonment, and this principle will, says the Methodist, 
 compel the supervision of all monastic institutions in this 
 country. It says : 
 
 "Monastic institutions in France exist on two conditions, 
 authorized or incorporated, and unauthorized or unincorpor- 
 ated. Authorizition is not given until inquiries are made as 
 to the objects and utility of the proposed religious house. Each 
 authorized monastic establishment is subject to the supervision of 
 the State. Vows are permitted, but not for a longer term than 
 five years. Any member who wishes to leave can do so ; the 
 taking of vows does not destroy civil rights, as was once held 
 by the church. Unless authorized by the government in 
 France, religious communities cannot accept gifts, or grants of 
 real estate. The Government also reserves to itself the right 
 to withdraw authorization which it has given. It is estimated 
 that there are 2,000 houses of men, containing 20,000 persons 
 under vows, one-fourth of whom are devoted to a life of con- 
 templation. The majorit}^ of these organizations are not au- 
 thorized by the State. About 100,000 women in France belong 
 to religious orders; most of them are engaged actively in works of 
 charity. The French government is disposed to be tolerant in 
 its supervision of monastic orders, and yet does kee^^ them un- 
 der its observation. In Portugal monasteries have been a- 
 bolished ; in Sweden and Norway they are not tolerated! The 
 Spanish Cortes, in 1868, suppressed the monasteries, but in 1872 
 they were sanctioned again. Since 1864, in Russia, the entry 
 into monastic orders and the admission of novices cannot take 
 place without the consent of the local civil authorities. In Au- 
 tria recent legislation has greatly limited the independence 
 which monastic institutions formerly enjoyed. In Switzerland 
 they have been put under strict sur'eillan e, and in some can- 
 tons suppressed. 
 
22' 
 
 The Romanist Church denying civil and religious liberty, 
 claims that the State shall not dare to investigate whether there are 
 Roman Catholic Prisons in which unwilling victims are confin- 
 ed. It is ready to war against any writ of Habeas Corpus to 
 ascertain whether a poor monk or nun is confined or punished 
 illegally and against their own consent. 
 
 The foregoing facts show that Rome aims to control the State 
 80 that she may restrict civil and religious liberty, may have 
 her schools supported by the State, and may have abstractions 
 of money from the public treasury for her advantage. To 
 oppose her in these things is not ostracising any man on account 
 of his religion. She aims to put men in office to carry out her 
 designs. The friends of free institutions should see that her 
 tools are not put where they can imperil civil and religious 
 liberty, or plunder the public or aid Rome in evading just public 
 burdens. We do not oppose Romanism politically except when 
 it attempts to tear down or undermine the temple of liberty. 
 
 OTHEH WEONGS. 
 
 Rome is not the only raider on public treasuries. There ia 
 altogether in Baltimore over sixty million dollars worth of 
 property that unjustly escapes paying its fair share of taxes. 
 The taxes collected from it should amount at least to six or 
 eight hundred thousand dollars a year. That amount is un- 
 justly taken every year from other property owners. It is an 
 unjust thing that the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Companj' 
 pays no taxes on the Camden street property, nor on any other, 
 and will pay none on the palace it is about to erect on the corner 
 of Calvert and Baltimore streets. 
 
23 
 
 Sworn stateraentfl of officers of eight city railroads in New 
 York in \B14, showed that public property worth more than 
 $10,000,000 has been given away to private corporations by the 
 city and State. Is there no mode of recovery or redress or 
 punishment? 
 
 There is in New York City between $275,000,000 and $320,- 
 000,000 of property that fraudulently evades taxation. Alto- 
 gether 826 pieces of property in 1873 escaped taxation, and 
 their estimated value was $275,000,000. 
 
 In 1850 the church property in the United States exempt from 
 taxation was worth $87,328,801 ; in 1860 it was $171,397,932 ; 
 in 1870 it was $344,483,481, and is now over $600,000,000. 
 
 Of the magistrates in Baltimore who have the fattest places, 
 two-thirds are Roman Catholics. This is a larger proportion 
 than seems fair. 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS MATTERS. 
 
 Liberty of conscience in all the American plantations was 
 established by the English House of Commons in 1645, the year 
 in which King Charles was defeated at Naseby, and in accord- 
 ance with that establishment of liberty of conscience, Maryland, 
 of which the government was 16 Protestants and 8 Catholics, 
 in 1649 passed its act of toleration to all avowed Christians. 
 
 Before A. D. 306, heresy was subject to cursing and excom- 
 munication, after A. D. 306, it was made punishable by death. 
 
 The first Inquisitors were appointed by Theodoslu8,in A. D. 
 382. Thefiist penal code against heretics was in A. D. 529, 
 when Justinian decreed that the canons of previous general 
 
24 
 
 Synods should be laws. About A. D. 800, courts were estab- 
 lished to sustain the power of western Bishops and punish those 
 who offended them. 
 
 Pope Innocent 3d, who excommunicated Kinj? John of Eng. 
 land, framed rules for the Inquisitional missions that he sent 
 out. Pope Gregory 9ih, in A. D. 1233, established these rules 
 and appointed the Dominicans to enforce them. New instruc- 
 tions to inquisitors were promulgated in 1484, and 1561 . 
 
 Lloriente states that in 236 years, the Roman Catholic Inqui- 
 sition put 32,000 persons to death in Spain alone, and subjected 
 291,000 to other punishments. It was finally abolished in Spain 
 in 1820 when the Spanish revolution began. 
 
 The Council of Chalcidon, A. D. 451, (canon 15) made it 
 unlawful for readers or singers to marry a woman of heterodox 
 opinions. 
 
 The Council of Laodicia, (canon 31) said "no son or daughter 
 should marry a heretic." 
 
 The Council of Orleans, A. D. 532, prohibited marriages 
 between Jews and Christians. 
 
 The 4th Council of Toledo ordered separation, if the Jews 
 wonld not join the Christian faith. 
 
 The Council of Neo Caesarea, A. D. 315, (7 canon) declared 
 a presbyter must not be the groom at the wedding of a person 
 marrying a second time . 
 
 * 'The Romanism of the day in a measure repays Its obligation 
 by making its censure of evils sincere, no doubt, but on- 
 ly light and rare in comparison with the anathemas which it 
 bestows upon liberty and its guarantees, most of all when any 
 tendency to claim them is detected within its own precinct." 
 W. E. Gladstone. 
 
25 
 
 The Catholic Review estimates that from llQl to 1872 the 
 Pope got from Peter's Pence $80,000,000. 
 
 In A. D. 330 the special powers and privileges of christian 
 Bishops were recognized and established by the Roman Em- 
 peror ; and under the Lombard and Norman Kings the Clergy 
 in the seventh and eighth centuries (between A. D. 600 and A. 
 D. 100,) gained much temporal power. 
 
 When James Russell Lowell in Italy asked a solicitor for aid— 
 "why do you apply to a heretic,"— the reply was "your money 
 is perfectly orthodox." 
 
 The popes that have issued Bulls against Freemasons and other 
 secret societies have been Clement XII, in 1730, Benedict XIV, 
 in 1751, Leo XII, in 1806, Pius VII, in 1811, and Pius IX, in 
 1865. 
 
 In different ages Rome has made beliefs obligatory that pre- 
 viously were not so. Thus monkery was established A. D. 380, 
 Mass A. D. 391, Auricular Confession A. D. 425, Purgatory A. 
 D. 593, Invocation of Virgin Mary A. D. 715, Transubstantia- 
 tion A.D.910, Celibacy of priests A. D. 1010, Indulgences 
 A. D. 1014, Tiara A. D. 1048, Dispensations A.D. 1200, Inqui- 
 sition A. D. 1200, Seven Sacraments A. D. 1439, Immaculate 
 Conception A. D. 1860, Papal infallibility A. D. 1870. 
 
 Pius IX receives higher wages than any other sovereign of 
 Europe. His average monthly income is $2,000,000.— Cmcm- 
 nati Commercial. 
 
 The Pope wears out during the year six white silk capuchins, 
 which his Holiness chiefly spoils by taking snuff; these cost 
 Pius IX $80 a piece. His slippers, made of red cloth, em- 
 broidered in gold, cost from $25 to $30 a pair, and half a 
 dozen pairs are used during the year, while the Pope in winter 
 wears eilk stockings over cotton ones, and in summer a mix* 
 
2G 
 
 tnre of silk and thread, for both of which he pay $5 a pair. 
 His Holiness' red mantle is worth $160. His cast-off garments 
 are always burnt, no other use being thought sufficiently 
 honorable for the clothes which hare been worn by the vicar of 
 heaven. — Free Press. 
 
 "The Holy Catholic religion reigns triumphant in Mexico, 
 and the Free Masons are correspondingly depressed and dis- 
 couraged. Late files of Mexican news papers bring information 
 that a company of pious bandits have sacked and burned the 
 Village of Lancitaro, the State of Guererro. They made the 
 attack, shouting "Viva la Religion!" The same battle-cry, 
 with the additional fervid invocation, " Death to Masons !" has 
 been raised in Sinaloa. — Chicago Tribune. 
 
 There are in this Country T different orders of monks or friars, 
 12 of Nuns, 8 different Institutions, such as Jesuits and Redemp- 
 torists, 12 congregations of Priests and Brothers, and 30 
 Sisterhoods. 
 
 Throughout the world in 1874 there were 6 Cardinal Bishops, 
 37 Cardinal Piiests, and 7 Cardinal Deacons. Total 50. 
 
 The College of Cardinals when complete, has 70 members. 
 Of the fifty present Cardinals, 30 are Italians, 7 Spanish, 6 
 French, 3 German. To this time from A. D. 752, when the 
 Papal Temporal Power was fully recognized, there has been 163 
 Popas, of whom 137 were Italians. 
 
 Cardinal Cullen in a recent pastoral, reminded Catholics that 
 the censures of the Church had been repeatedly pronounced 
 against Secret Societies. 
 
 An old soldier in Sicily gave his wife a silk dress. His wife 
 died and was buried in the dress. Some weeks after the old 
 soldier saw this dress on a woman in the country, and, making 
 
27 
 
 inquiry, was told she had purchased it from the CapQchin monks, 
 who had the custody of the village cemetery. He reported the 
 case to the police, who investigated, and made the discovery 
 that a regular trade was carried on in effects taken from dead 
 bodies. There was even a trade in hair. 
 
 " We said the legislature should not grant divorces, but the 
 courts. The Catholic Standard thereupon charges that we yield 
 the free-lovers' premises, and says that neither courts nor legis- 
 latures have any right to grant divorces. Well, supposing 
 there is scriptural ground for divorce ; who shall grant it, if 
 not some legal authority which can settle alimony? Shall the 
 priest, with appeal to the bishop? Who shall be the judge of 
 fact?" — Episcopal Register. 
 
 The title Pope was at one time given to all Bishops. It was 
 first adopted by Hygineus in A . D. 139. Phocas, Emperor of 
 the East, in 606 confined the title to the prelates of Rome. In 
 the TOS the kissing of the Pope's toe began. In 1773 kissing 
 the Pope's toe was abolished. 
 
 Pope Adrian T. in Y80 caused money to be coinei in his 
 name. The first Pope who kept an army was Leo IX., in A. 
 D. 1054. Appeals from the decisions of English tribunals to 
 the Pope began in A. D. 1154. Gregory VII. obliged the 
 Emperor of Germany to stand three days in the depth of winter 
 barefooted, at the gate of the Castle of Canossa, to implore his 
 pardon. King Henry II. of England held the stirrup for Pope 
 Alexander III. to mount his horse in A. D. 1161. In 1191 
 Pope Celestine III., to show his prerogative of making and un- 
 making kings, kicked the crown off the head of the Emperor 
 Henry VI., who was kneeling before him. 
 
 If it is alleged that the quotatians given in this little book 
 do not fairly present Roman Catholic sentiment, let the objector 
 cite any contrary opinions advanced by Roman Catholic Bishops, 
 newspapers, or other Roman Catholic authorities , 
 
2a 
 
 In September, 1816, there are to be nine new Cardinals of the 
 Romish Church created. It is said that they will be Antica, 
 Pacsa, Ricci, Nina, Giannelli, Serafini, Virelleschi, Simeoni, 
 Randi and Canonico Andisio. This will increase the power of 
 the Jesuits. 
 
 The clerical (R. C.) party in France has just gained a great 
 victory in its struggle for the control of education. The power 
 lost by the priests in 1793 was out of their hands almost 
 wholly until 1848, when through the Compte de Falloux they 
 gained once more a foothold, and now under the Bishop of 
 Orleans they have made a further advance. There has been 
 such a cry, led on by Bishop Dupanloup, of the impiety of the 
 instructions given by the professors of the State, that now the 
 Roman Catholic Church is to be allowed to establish free univer- 
 sities, to which bequests can be made, and then the influence of 
 the clergy over death-bed penitents will bring a rich harvest. 
 Heretofore such bequests have not been allowed in France, 
 
 The Bavarian Bishops last year protested against the law 
 recognizing civil marriages. 
 
 "In the city of Brooklyn $338,600 of taxes that should come 
 every year from church corporations, which are largely com- 
 posed of rich men, is made up by taxing poor men, widows and 
 others, more than their fair proportion." 
 
 ROME COMTEMPLATES POLITICAL ACTION. 
 
 "An immense preponderance of electoral power is in the hands 
 of the Catholics of this city, so that their united action would 
 secure the success of any party or any question on behalf of 
 which it should be secured." — iV. Y. Tablet, a Roman Catholic 
 Paper. 
 
When pressing the demands of the R. C. Church on the Board 
 of Education in New York, Father Preston said : " If the com- 
 promise was not effected, he (Father Preston) thought it not 
 at all unlikely that the Roman Catholics would organize, so as 
 to decide the question in their favor at the polls." The threat 
 made in New York is being carried out. She already controls 
 the Democratic Party, she fills the offices, she directs State and 
 Municipal Legislation, she has a foothold in the School Board. 
 Her movements are seen in New York, Michigan, Ohio, Mis- 
 souri, Maryland and other States. 
 
 "The saying is attributed to Lafayette : ' If ever the liber* 
 ties of the United States be destroyed it will be by Roman 
 priests.' I deny this ; and I offer in place of it the truer say- 
 ing : ' If ever the liberties of the United States be destroyed 
 it will be by Roman Bishops.' Let the blame rest where it 
 hQlouga.''— Father Stack, {R. C.) 
 
 "I am no prophet, and I am not anxious to hazard a pro- 
 phesy, but I am bold to say that I anticipate contention and 
 angry strife from the relation of the Catholic Church under the 
 sway of the Bishops to the American Republic." — Father 
 Stack, {R. C.) 
 
 " The Power of the Raman Catholic Bishops of America is a 
 tyranny within the Church and a standing danger to the liberties 
 of the country.'" —Father Stack, [R. 0.) 
 
 " In America many priests now silent for fear of the Mitre, 
 only await the opportunity to advocate common schools and 
 all the institutions of the Republic." — Father Stack, {R. C.) 
 
 We deny that any form of sectarian religion should be aided 
 by the State or have its dogmas taught in national work-shops 
 or piiblic schools. This is not saying that religion should not 
 be taught at all anywhere. The political Romanist declares 
 
that DO religion which he considers heretical should be taught 
 in any public school, but he insists that the State should either 
 allow the teaching of Romanism in the public schools, or sup- 
 port Roman Catholic schools and let the Roman Church control 
 them . 
 
 THE COURT HOUSE RING. 
 
 Tt is a notorious fact in this City of Baltimore, that what is 
 called the Court House Ring dictates all democratic nominations. 
 Who are these all powerful rulers of Baltimore Democracy ? 
 
 Don't everybody know they are I. Freeman Rasin, (Roman 
 Catholic, ) Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas ; Wm. McKewen, 
 (Roman Catholic,) Clerk of the Criminal Court; A. Albert, 
 (Roman Catholic,) Sheriff, and probably Tax Collector; 
 0. Iveilholtz, (Roman Catholic,) President of the First Branch ; 
 Mr. Bannon, through whom the the House of Correction prop- 
 erty was bought; A, Leo Knott, (Roman Catholic,) State's At- 
 torney, who is to be re-elected ; Dr. Slater, a sporting man, and 
 a few others of less prominence. These are the rulers of the 
 Democratic party in Baltimore. There are clever gentlemen 
 those in office comparing favorably with any of their prede- 
 cessors. They are courteous, and perhaps really think it would 
 be to the advantage of the country to have the ideas of the Roman 
 Catholic Church in relation to the Bible, the public schools, the 
 rights of the State and toleration prevail. 
 
 No great lawyer, no leading merchant, no prominent business 
 man, nor indeed all the great lawyers, leading merchants and 
 prominent business men in Baltimore have as much influence in 
 the securing of places and spoils, or in directing Democratic 
 party movements, as anyone of the members of the ring. 
 
Through these men Rome now hopes to have a Governor 
 elected who will not keep her hands out of the public treasury 
 nor interfere with her undermining of the public schools . 
 
 Rome is now hoping to elect a City Council that will put in 
 the School Board men favorable to her designs. When recently 
 an intense Romanist wished to be Superintendent of Public In- 
 struction, he got 8 votes, and there were only 11 against him. 
 
 Don't be scared at the howls of the ring and their pack that 
 you are proscriptive because you will only trust in oflice men 
 whom you know to be friends of free institutions, and unhesi- 
 tating opponents of all attempts to break down the public 
 Schools or to restrict freedom of speech and the press and reli- 
 gious toleratioQ. It is not proscriptive to refuse to vote for men 
 who even honestly support harmful conspiracies, or who are 
 not outspoken friends of entire religious toleration and free 
 institutions. 
 
 The direct abstractions from our City Treasury have not been 
 large heretofore. They have been to Roman Catholic enterprises 
 much larger than to those of any other sect. Thus, the Roman 
 Catholic ones in 1872, $6,500 ; 1873, $9,550 ; 18U, |6,500, and 
 this year it will be over $17,000. Are there not many citizens 
 of this country who are Catholics first and Americans afier- 
 wards ? 
 
 The Roman Catholic Church expects to have a majority in the 
 City Council that is about to be elected. From the men put for- 
 ward the indications are that the next Council may not be com- 
 posed of as good material as the present. It is conceded that 
 some of the present members who vote as the Roman Catholic 
 Church desires are otherwise honest men and conscientious. In 
 the next Council it is possible there wilV not be a single voice 
 raised against sectarian appropriations. The Council that is to 
 
82 
 
 be elected will select the School Commissioners ; Rome then may 
 control the very institutions that she seeks to break down. 
 
 The managers of the democratic party in Baltimore, are not 
 conscientious Roman Catholics! They care only for spoils. 
 They would betray the Church of Rome if they found it a 
 political advantage. To vr'in they are for " Carroll and Papal 
 Aggressions," or for their man Groome, if he is more likely to 
 win. 
 
 At the last session of the State Legislature, there was a feeling 
 that expenditures to Sectarian Institutions were becoming too 
 excessive, and there was an agreement to stop them. Several 
 Protestant appropriations were killed and there Avas no com- 
 plaint. When a Catholic donation was proposed, Barney Harig 
 a Catholic, and Dr. Chaisty, had the manliness to adhere to their 
 agreement and vote against such abstractions, and for doing so 
 they were subject to priestly denunciations and to a storm of 
 abuse, slander and denunciations. They were denounced from 
 the altar and to be reelected they have had to make their peace 
 with Rome. 
 
 When recently over a hundred Presbyterian, Methodist and 
 other ministers respectfully called the attention of the City 
 Council to the fact, that any giving of public money to any 
 but public uses, any giving to aid any church in its enterprises, 
 was dangerous and illegal, there was a powerful R. C. influence 
 brought to bear to oppose it. In the Second Branch three mem- 
 bers, Messrs Kirk, Loney and Hogg dared to speak against all 
 appropriations, notforpublie uses. They were against all private 
 and sectarian appropriations. Those favoring R. C. appropri- 
 ations declared that all appropriations, even to puhlic institu- 
 tions, must be struck out if the R. C. appropriations were. 
 This Mr. Murray also opposed by his vote. Messrs. Loney, 
 
83 
 
 Hogg and Kirk were voted down. When the bill went into the 
 First Branch, not one member dared to oppose sectarian appro- 
 priations, though every speaker admitted they were contrary 
 to the letter of the Law and hence illegal. Every member knew 
 that to speak against sectarian donations, was to face political 
 death. Mr. Heuisler knew that if he did not justify the appro- 
 priations to his church, and assail Messrs. Hogg, Loney and 
 Kirk as moral cowards, who had wilted before the ministers, he 
 would certainly not go back to the Council. 
 
 Mr. Stewart, though a nominal protf slant, thought it necessary 
 to make a gross attack on the ministers. Every member of the 
 First Branch who was present voted for sectarian appropriations. 
 
 JESUITS. 
 
 The Jesuits now rule the Roman Catholic Church. They are 
 its backbone. One of their order, or one in whom it has con- 
 fidence, will be the next Pope. Only that order can now had 
 in the great struggle of Romanism to govern the world. The 
 Jesuits more heartily than any other of the Romanist orders, 
 has supported the doctrine of the infallibility of the Pope, and 
 one of its four vows is implicit submission to the Holy See. 
 
 Ignatius Loyola laid the foundation of this order at Paris in 
 1534. The institution of the Society of Jesus was confirmed 
 by a Bull of Pope Paul III in 1540, but the number of mem- 
 bers was restricted to sixty. This restriction was taken off in 
 1543. Great privileges were granted to the order by Popes 
 Julius III, Pius V, and Gregory Xlll. 
 
 In France the Society of Jesus was cundcmned by the Sor- 
 bonne in 1554, expelled in 1594, readmitted 1604, and expelled 
 
34 
 
 and its property confiscated in 1764, then expelled in 1831 
 and 1845. In England it was expelled in 1579, 1581, 1586, 
 1692 and 1829. 
 
 It was expelled from Venice in 1607 ; from Holland in 1708 ; 
 from Portugal in 1759 and 1834 ; from Spain in 1767, 1820 and 
 1835 ; from Belgium in 1818 ; from Russia in 1820 ; from Sar- 
 dinia and Austria in 1848, and from Italy and Sicily in 1860. 
 If it had not been everywhere found peculiarly dangerous and 
 harmful, it would scarcely have found more opposition every- 
 where than other Roman Catholic orders, as the Dominicans, 
 Franciscans, Trappista, &c., &c. 
 
 In 1769 Pope Clement XIV suppressed the Jesuits as a dan- 
 gerous order, but Pope Pius VI restored them in 1814. 
 
 "The banishment of the Jesuits from Germmy has appealed 
 to the Catholic hospitality of other parts of the world, and the 
 Monastery at Quincy, Illinois, has generously tendered a refuge 
 and home to two hundred of the expatriated priests. It is con- 
 templated to convert Quincy into the 1 eadquarters of the Order 
 in the United States.— A''. Y. World. 
 
 The Jesuits have sixteen colleges distinctively their own 
 in the United States, and their emissaries are in chairs of in- 
 struction in many institutions not suspected of being under 
 their control. The number of actual sworn members of 
 the order in the United States and Canada in 1874 was 1,062, 
 of whom 251 were in the missions of New York and Canada, 
 — Methodist Advocate. 
 
 WHAT JESUITS WANT. 
 "The teacher of teachers is the church itseU ,' ^ —Bishop Mc^ 
 Quaid. 
 
as 
 
 This Bishop in his speech in Rochester, N. Y., May, 18T5, 
 said he proposed to carry " the question of the public schools 
 to the ballot-box." 
 
 "Protestantism of ercry form has not, and never can have, 
 any right where Catholicity has triumphed ; and therefore we 
 lose the breath we expend in declaiming against bigotry and 
 intolerance, and in favor of religious liberty, or the right of 
 any man to be of any religion as best pleases him." — Catholic 
 Review. 
 
 The Archbishop of St. Louis said : "If the Catholics ever 
 gain— which they assuredly will— an immense numerical ma- 
 jority, religious freedom in this country will be at an end." 
 
 "Religious liberty is merely endured until the opposite can 
 be carried into effect without peril to the Catholic world."— 
 Bishop 0' Conner. 
 
 "The Catholic Church numbers one-third the American pop- 
 ulation, and if its membership shall increase for the next thirty 
 years as it has for the thirty years past, in 1900 Rome will hate 
 a majority, and be bound to take this country and keep it.— 
 There is, ere long, to be a State religion in this country, and 
 that State religion is to be Roman Catholic." — Father Hecker. 
 
 The Cii)ita Cattolica, the organ of the Jesuits in Rome, has 
 again and again proclaimed that "the battle against Protest" 
 antism must be opened along the whole line, and the war caaried 
 on until ii lies powerless." 
 
 I'KA'DERNiTIES. 
 
 Fraternities are of different sorts, each of which has, perhaps, 
 special merits and defects. They are: 
 
36 
 
 1. Fraternal and incidentally beneficial, as Masons, &c. 
 
 2. Mutual and beneficial, as Odd Fellows, &c. 
 
 3. Trade, as of carpenters, coopers, &c., for the benefit of 
 particular professions. 
 
 4. Beneficial, to give relief in case of death or accidents, as 
 Burial Societies, &c. 
 
 5. Dogmatic, to advance some dogma, principle or practice, 
 as Sons of Temperance, &c. 
 
 6. Communal, which seek to change the order of Societj, as 
 Internationals, &c. 
 
 7. Economic, as Sovereigns of Industry, Grangers, &c. 
 
 It is a current remark that the interests of labor and capital 
 are identical. The fact is that they may or may not be so. — 
 They are often the very reverse. Capital wishes to have pro- 
 duction made cheap and markets high, so that profits may be 
 large or rivals undersold. Labor wants wages high, so that 
 the producer may be better oS". 
 
 It is obvious that such orders as Masons and Odd Fellows 
 have only a remote influence in harmonizing labor and capital. 
 They are noble institutions, cultivating brotherhood, uphold- 
 ing the manhood of all their members, encouraging morality, 
 and most efficient agencies in sustaining civil and religious 
 liberty, but their scope is not the harmonizing of industrial 
 interests. 
 
 Trade societies have certain modes of operation, as : First, 
 restraining production, to the injury of society. Second, com- 
 pelling the payment of wages which may be just or otherwise, 
 find aiding in controversies >yhich arc usually harmful both to 
 
87 
 
 employers and employees. Trade unions do not contemplate a 
 change of the relation of labor aud capital. They only desire to 
 secure to labor greater rewards. 
 
 Beneficial Societies accept social evils as inevitable and seek to 
 ameliorate them. They do much good, sometimes harm and are 
 not calculated to eradicate social evils. 
 
 Dogmatic Societies seek to change ideas, and their results 
 may be good or bad according to circumstance?. So far as they 
 advance truth they are good but the cure of social evils is the 
 secondary anticipated effect of their efforts. 
 
 Communal Societies seek to change social order. They see 
 clearly the evils of present arrangements, but their schemes are 
 usually hypothetical, and it is not certain what harms would 
 result from some of the changes they advocate. 
 
 Economic Societies may be very advantageous, pecuniarily, 
 to their members by cheapening the cost of living or of busi- 
 ness. The feature they most need is the social safety valve of 
 co-oporative production and sustaining industrial colonial emi- 
 gration. 
 
 The Roman church has encouraged Beneficial societies con- 
 trolled by the priesthood but has always bitterly opposed those 
 secret beneficial societies whose basis has been the equality of 
 men, the protection of personal rights, and absolute religious toh 
 eration . 
 
 Masonry through Washington and the other illustrious fathers 
 of American independence,impre83ed upon American institutions 
 the equality of men, the sanctity of personal rights and abso- 
 lute religious toleration, and unless Rome has changed she must 
 be hostile to these features. 
 
Whether Masonry has been in particular instances perverted 
 is not the issue. It was not the particular perversion to which 
 Rome objected, but the radical principles of Masonry, Odd Fel- 
 lowship and kindred orders, and so long as Roman Bishops swear 
 to prosecute and wage war with all whom they consider Heretics 
 or Scismatics, Infidels or Jews, they cannot be good Freemasons 
 good Odd Fellows, good Knights of Pythias or good members 
 of any of the other thirty secret beneficial orders that there are 
 in this countrv. 
 
 THE POPE AN EXPELLED MASON. 
 
 At the semi-annual meeting of the Grand Lodge of Masons, 
 Scottish Rite of the Orient, of Palermo, Italy, on March 1th, 
 1874, Pope Pius IX wa^ expelled from the order. This expul- 
 sion was published in the official Masonic paper at Cologne, 
 Germany, preceeded by the minutes of the Lodge in which he 
 was initiated, as follows : 
 
 "A man named Mastai Ferretti, who received the baptism of 
 Free Masonry, and solemnly pledged his lore and fellowship, 
 and who afterward was crowned Pope and King, under the 
 title of Pio Nono, has now cursed his former brethren and ex- 
 communicated all members of the Order of Free Masons There- 
 fore, said Mastai Ferretti is herewith, by decree of the Grand 
 Lodge of the Orient, Palermo, expelled from the Order for 
 perjury." 
 
 The charges against him were first preferred at his Lodge at 
 Palermo, in 1865, and notification and copy thereof sent to him, 
 with a request to attend the Lodge for the purpose of answer- 
 
39 
 
 iog the same. To this he made no reply, and for divers reasons, 
 the charges were not pressed until he urged the Bishops of 
 Brazil to act aggressively towards the Free Masons. Then they 
 were pressed, and after a regular trial, a decree of expulsion 
 was entered and published, the same being signed by Victor 
 Emmanuel, King of Italy, and Grand Master of the Orient of 
 Italy. 
 
 Spirit of the Press. 
 
 " The Bohemian paper, the Pekrok, supports the public 
 schools, and for this " heresy,' ' the priest has launched against 
 it the cuise of Rome. He has prohibited any of his flock from 
 reading it, under pain of eternal punishment. He has also 
 commanded them, in the name of the Church, not to buy goods 
 of any one who subscribes to or reads this paper. The. spirit 
 of bigotry and intolerance that animates this Bohemian priest 
 runs through the whole Church, and if other priests of the 
 city have not ere this hurled their anathemas at the press that 
 supports the public schools it is not through any respect for the 
 press or the schools." — Cleveland Leader. 
 
 "The constitutional provision in this State is similar to 
 that in New York, and the policy of the Roman Church here 
 will not dififer materially from that pursued there, The same 
 power guides them both, and shapes their schemes, with mar- 
 velous subtlety, to surrounding circumstances. Did the con- 
 stitution of New York check them? Not a bit of it. There 
 first move was an attempt to bring their Brooklyn Orphan 
 Asylum under the provisions of the common school fund, 
 while yet retaining absolute control of it. They were fought 
 by the School Trustees, and they (the Roman Catholics) won 
 
40 
 
 their case in the City Cowr/^, the Constitution to the contrary 
 notwithstanding. The New York common school system owes 
 its protection from this entering wedge only to the fact of 
 having on the bench of its Supreme Court two able Judges, 
 not under the control of the Pope. They overruled the deci- 
 sion of the City Courts ; but one of the Judges dissented, the 
 Constitution to the contrary notwithstanding." — Cincinnati 
 Times. 
 
 " The State rests on the intelligence of its people, and it 
 does well to provide for their education. What it does in this 
 respect should be done for all. The schools should be open 
 to all without regard to their religious belief, and should inter- 
 fere in no way with the faith or worship of those who enjoy 
 their benefits. They cannot secure those benefits equally to all 
 and serve their full purpose if religious sects, as such, are per- 
 mitted to control them in any degree. They are at liberty to 
 have schools of their own, and support them from their own 
 means and manage them in their own way, but they should not 
 be allowed to interfere with those of the State which are in- 
 tended solely for secular instruction and cannot deal practically 
 or beneficially with any other kind. Freedom of religion from 
 State control, freedom of the State from ecclesiastical control 
 and the maintenance of public education for the equal benefit 
 of all, are principles for which all Ameiican citizens should 
 stand firm and resolute." — Boston Globe. 
 
 "The plan of 'Confessional teachings' in the public schools 
 has been tried for years in Prussia, and it was the abuse of this 
 system by the Catholics that led to the present conflict between 
 the Roman hierarchy and the State. The custom in Prussia has 
 been to have instruction given in the public schools once or twice 
 a week, in the articles of religion as set forth in the Confessions 
 of the Protestanti Roman Catholic and Jewish communions. 
 
41 
 
 " This is the system which Catholics are now seelcing to In- 
 troduce into the common schools of the United States." — iV. Y, 
 
 Observer. 
 
 "Our excellent Board of Education may see in these signs that 
 tlio ojjinion of the American people is that the public school 
 system is secular, and no religious body, Protestant or Romanist, 
 may have anything to do with it." — Christian Advocate. 
 
 "The Roman priesthood, who have now assumed the office of 
 dictator to the Democratic party, do not propose to wait for a 
 legal division of the school fund by constitutional amendment 
 and an act of the Legislature ; they have a much shorter method, 
 which they have already carried out to some extent in some lo- 
 calities, and which they are pushing in all the large cities — 
 namely, to have the School Board take the Roman Cl^urch 
 schools into the public pay, while the Church as before appoints 
 the teachers, and they direct the religious services of the schools. 
 In short, the Roman parochial schools, just as they are, are to 
 be supported out of the school fund. They are to be nominally 
 under the control of the School Board, and that board shall go 
 through the form of appointing the teachers nominated to it by 
 the Church." — Cincinatti Gazette. 
 
 " They must remember, first of all, that after we have given the 
 priests the control of Catholic schools, we shall have only given 
 them a part of what they conceive to be their due. They hold 
 themselves entitled as cf right, and solemnly proclaim it, to the 
 control of the education of children of all denominations in 
 every country. Their willingness now to share it with the 
 Protestants in this country is simply a concession to the force of 
 circumstances, which in no way releases them from the obliga- 
 tion of extending the limits of their jurisdiction by every means 
 in their power ; and it behooves those who negotiate with either 
 
42 
 
 cardinal, archbishop or vicar-general to remember that they ne- 
 gotiate with a 'person who cannot bind himself on subjects of 
 this sort by human conventions. A secret order from Rome 
 may any day relieve him from any stipulation whatever which 
 may seem prejudicial to the interests of the church. 
 
 " In the second place, it i« folly to suppose that after the Catho- 
 lics have been allowed to withdraw their share of the school tax 
 from the common fund, or — which is the same thing— been al- 
 lowed to place their own schools under the Board of Education, 
 other denominations will remain satisfied with the present 
 system ; all religious denominations would like to educate their 
 own children in their own way if they could get the State to 
 raise funds for them by taxation. Episcopalians and Methodists 
 and Baptists support the common schools, not as a perfect 
 system, but as the best attainable system ; but a large part of 
 its efficiency and the whole of its justice would be gone if it was 
 modified to meet the requirements of one religious sect. More- 
 over — and here is a consideration which the people of this 
 country must face sooner or later, and they may as well begin 
 to face it now — the education given or superintended by Catholic 
 priests is a bad education ; indeed, for political purposes, worse 
 than none. It unfits children for the citizenship of free States. 
 If extended widely enough, it would ruin this Government. It 
 has been tried for ages in various countries, and has in all worked 
 unutterable mischief, and destroyed the sources of national 
 greatness by killing the sincerity, the truthfulness, the courage 
 and high-mindedness on which national greatness is based. — 
 The thoughtful and patriotic men of all Catholic countries are 
 to-day getting rid of it as a national curse. And it would be 
 an astounding spectacle if, after the priests had been excluded 
 from the work of public instruction in France, Spain, Italy and 
 Bavaria, they were to be allowed to carry it on here with taxes 
 
43 
 
 voted by American citizens. Compromise with these men has, 
 in short, never succeeeded, and never will. The only thing that 
 does succeed wnth them is their rigorous subjection to the com- 
 mon law." — N'. Y. Nation. 
 
 The Roman Catholic Church is more thoroughly organized 
 than the Methodist Church, the Presbyterian Church or any 
 other Christian sect. It has among its adherents, as Paganism 
 has, as Mohammedanism has, and as every other religion has, 
 many persons of intelligence, of devoted piety, and of the most 
 self-sacrificing, untiring benevolence. By its wealth, its num- 
 bers, its laborous priesthood, its many orders of monks and 
 nuns, its compact organization, its thorough drill, its exceeding 
 craft, and its grasping ambition, the Roman Church is stronger 
 than any other Christian sect ; and when the Bishops and Jesuit 
 leaders array it against civil and religious liberty, agunst the 
 rights of the State, against Public Schools, against the Bible, 
 and against the public monej^ the duty not only of all Prot- 
 estants, but of all true men who are Roman Catholics, is to op- 
 pose it. 
 
 " We stand by free education, our public school system, the 
 taxation of all for its support, and no division of the school 
 fund. — OAio Republican Platform 1815. 
 
 " The Democratic Conservatives of Ohio forced to speak, pro- 
 nounced against Sectarian Control. Then it confesses there is 
 danger. From whom? Undeniably from the Roman Church. 
 But that church works through parties. 
 
 "Why now for the first lime do political party platforms (of 
 Ohio and California) declare that the unsectarian school system 
 must be maintaioed? Has the Presbyterian or Methodist or 
 Baptist or Episcopal or Unitarian or Congregational sect, or any 
 sect known as Protestant attacked it? Hare the Israelites, or 
 
44 
 
 those who own no sectarian Christian name, assailed it? But 
 there is confessedly an assault upon the schools. There is a 
 strong and crafty effort to make them sectarian. It is so pow- 
 erful and pronounced that the party conventions begin to con- 
 demn it, and the whole country knows which sect is plotting 
 the overthrow of unsectarian schools, for it boldly avows its 
 design." — Harpers^ Weekly, 
 
 " But the liberals claim and rightly claim that, from its very 
 nature, the public school system is restricted, that it cannot and 
 does not profess to conduce to every element of an education in 
 the broadest sense. It attempts only to contribute a part of 
 what belongs to the true education. Precisely at this point the 
 secularists take strong exception to the reasoning of the secta- 
 rians. They are unable to see why an instrumentality which 
 proposes to give but a part of the whole that is demanded by 
 an education in its highest sense, and which from its nature 
 cannot give more, should be condemned or regarded as dan- 
 gerous. They deem it to be a mere assumption of the sectarian 
 educationists that a child is exposed to some spiritual danger 
 because during the hours in which he is taught reading, cipher- 
 ing and geography he does not also learn the Scriptures or the 
 catechism. Is it equally necessary to mix in religious instruc- 
 tion when a boy learns to plow, to mow and to turn the grind- 
 stone? Why not? We should all agree that sound physical 
 health demands a variety of food ; that all meat and no bread 
 is physically dangerous. But shall we condemn the butcher 
 because he does not furnish bread as well as meat? " — Indepen- 
 dent. 
 
45 
 Sectarian Appropriations. 
 
 We find the "following in the Baltimore Sun : 
 The opposition to sectarian appropriations in Baltimore has 
 taken the form of a bill for injunction, filed by several leading 
 taxpayers, to prevent the City Register from paying over to 
 certain institutions therein named the amounts appropriated 
 to them respectively, on the ground that the Charter of the city 
 does not authorize appropriations to private charities. Not all 
 of the institutions named in the bill of complaint are under 
 sectarian control, and of some of them some of the complain- 
 ants are trustees, which shows that whatever the ulterior motive 
 there is, at least, an honest purpose to cut off all Sectarian 
 Institutions from the benefits which they have hitherto de- 
 derived from annual appropriations made in their behalf by 
 the Mayor and City Council. 
 
 This is but the beginning of what must ultimately grow into 
 a subject of national importance, and if successful before the 
 courts will be followed, no doubt, by the more important move- 
 ment of compeling the assessment of ecclesiastical property for 
 taxes. 
 
 Although the amount drawn out of the treasuries of the va- 
 rious States and municipalities to support Sectarian Institutions 
 under the guise of charity is very large, yet it is insignificant 
 compared to the amount annually bestowed upon religious es- 
 tablishments in the shape of taxes ; and we must say that we 
 think the bill filed for injunction takes hold of the weakest fea- 
 ture of the real case of the People vs. the Religious Establish- 
 ment, when it simply asks to prevent the payment of money to 
 charities, for it is as charities, and as reformatory institutions 
 beneficial to the public, that they ostensibly appeal for public 
 support, and not sectarian institutions, whereas the churches 
 demand exemption from taxation because they are churches. 
 
46 
 
 There is no denying that some of the foundling and orphan 
 asylums, and industrial schools and homes for the indigent, do 
 perform work which the community needs to have performed 
 and ought to provide for; thus exercising certain civic functions 
 for which they claim recognition; but the churches are devoted 
 exclusively to religious instruction, each according to the faith 
 of its sect, and the constitutions of all the States and of the 
 United States expressly prohibit church establishments. The 
 Maryland declaration of rights declares in Article 36 that " all 
 persons are equally entitled to protection in their religious lib- 
 erty ; nor ought any person be compelled to frequent or main- 
 tain, or contribute unless on contract, to maintain any place of 
 worship or any ministry," and yet we have the authority of 
 the Appeal Tax Court, as recited by a member of the City 
 Council that the exempted church property of Baltimore city is 
 valued at from $65,000,000 to $'70,000,000. The latter sum at 
 the current rate of taxation, would pay nearly $1,500,000 an- 
 nually into the treasury of the city, which is not far from one- 
 half of the annual expenses proper of maintaining the City 
 government. Thus contrary to the provisions of the constitu- 
 tion of the State, the people of Baltimore are compelled to con- 
 tribute nearly a million and half dollars a year to maintain a 
 ministry and places of public worship, not far from the amount 
 they pay to support their civil government. If the ecclesiasti- 
 cal property were all assessed and taxed as other property is, 
 the tax bills of the people need only be one-half of what they 
 now are. The man whose tax bill is onehundred dollars could 
 then get off with fifty ; and it is an outrage on the constitution 
 as well as upon the principles of civil liberty, to compel a man 
 who does not belong to any sect to pay annually a large sum 
 of money for the support of all, or to compel the member of 
 one congregation, who thinks bis route to Heaven the only safe 
 and sure one, to help support another, whose teachings wound 
 his conscience. 
 
47 
 
 It is the poor, laboring man after all, who is the greatest suf- 
 ferer. He may worship in a church or chapel which costs 
 $5,000 or $10,000 and to get it exempted from taxation he ac- 
 cepts a principle of universal exemption which makes him 
 contribute to pay, not his proportion of the assessment on 
 $5,000 or $10,000, but on $70,000,000. To keep from paying 
 $100 taxes on his own little church, he has to help pay #1,500, 
 000 on all the vast and expensive churches. There are churches 
 enjoying large incomes from rented property, and priests and 
 parsons living in palaces which pay no taxes. 
 
 It seems to us that there is a big hole in this Baltimore bill 
 for injunction, which needs to be filled with a call on the city 
 for an account of exemptions, and restraint of all tax collec- 
 tions till they are included in the list, according to the true 
 spirit and letter of the constitution of the St&ie.— Washington, 
 [D. C.) Daily Critic. 
 
 THE TAXATION OF CHURCH PROPERTY. 
 
 The constitutions of the several states of the Union, consid- 
 ered in relation to the manner in which they deal with the ques- 
 tion of taxing church property, may be arranged into five 
 classes. In the first class, embracing the States of California, 
 Connecticut, Delaware, Georgia, Iowa, Kentucky, Maine, 
 Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, 
 New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island and Vermont— sixteen 
 states in all— there are no constitutional provisions on the sub- 
 ject. The question of taxing or exempting church property in 
 these states, not being determined by their fundamental law, 
 
48 
 
 is left to the discretion of their respective legislatures in the 
 general exercise of the taxing power. As a matter of fact, we 
 believe that exemption by legislative statute is the rule adopted 
 in all or nearly all of these states. In the states of Florida, 
 Illinois, Indiana, Louisiana, Nevada, North Carolina, Ohio, 
 Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Vir- 
 ginia and Wisconsin— fifteen States in all— the question is ex- 
 pressly remitted to the discretion of their several legislatures. 
 In the third class, embracing the State of Minnesota, it is made 
 the duty of the legislature, by positive command, to exempt 
 church property from all taxation. In the fourth class, em- 
 bracing the states of Arkansas and Kansas, the legislature is 
 expresly forbidden to impose any tax on church property. 
 
 ^ Three states— Alabama, Mississippi and Missouri— constitu- 
 ting the fifth and last class, require church property to be taxed 
 in common with all other property, and thus in effect forbid 
 any exemption in its favor. The constitution of Alabama says: 
 "The property of corporations, now existing or hereafter cre- 
 ated, shall forever be subject to taxation, the same as the prop- 
 erty of Individuals, except corporations for educational and 
 charitable purposes." The exception clearly does not include 
 religious corporations. The constitution of Mississippi says : 
 '' Taxation shall be equal and uniform throughout the state. 
 All property shall be taxed in proportion to its value, to be as- 
 certained as directed by law." The constitution of Missouri 
 says : " No property, real or personal, shall be exempted from 
 taxation, except such as may be used exclusively for public 
 schools and such as may belong to the United States, to this 
 stale, to counties, or to municipal corporations within this 
 state." These constitutional provisions exclude church prop- 
 erty from any tax exemption. 
 
49 
 
 We have, then, as the result, thirty-one states whose consti- 
 tutiong. either expressly or impliedly, leave the question of 
 taxation in respect to church property to the discretion of their 
 legislatures; one state that imposes upon its legislature the 
 duty of exempting such property ; two states that formally de- 
 ny to their legislatures the right of taxing church property ; 
 and three states whose constitutions forbid any tax exemption 
 in favor of churches. Precisely what is the practice in all 
 these states we do not know ; yet in the majority of them, 
 church property pays not a dollar of taxes. The question 
 whether this system of exemption, either by constitutional or 
 legislative authority, shall be continued, has- within the last 
 few years elicited much discussion. The tax burdens of the 
 people have been enormously increased, as a consequence of the 
 late war ; and feeling the weight, they naturally inquire wheth- 
 er these burdens are equitably distributed. The statistics as to 
 church property in the several states present a huge mass of 
 corporate property on which no taxes are levied ; and the ques- 
 tion is whether there is any good reason, especially under our 
 system of government, for extending such a system of favor- 
 itism to this species of property.— /"n^«i>ew(fen<. 
 
 The Pope on Civil and Religious Laws. 
 
 M Perin, Professor of Jurisprudence at Louvain, the author 
 of a work entitled "The Laws of Christian Society," has re- 
 ceived a letter from the Pope, complimenting him on his defence 
 of the principle that civil ought to agree with religious laws. 
 After remarking that deviations from this rule maybe tolerated 
 
50 
 
 if circumstances require it, and if the object is to avoid greater 
 evils, but that they cannot be raised to the dignity of rights? 
 the Pope says ; 
 
 " Would to God that these truths were understood by those who 
 boast themselves to be Catholics, although they obstinately ad- 
 here to liberty of conscience, liberty of cre^d, the freedom of 
 the press, and similar kinds of liberty which were established 
 by the revolutionists at the end of the last century, and which 
 the Church has always condemned. Those who adhere to those 
 liberties, not only as far as they may be tolerated, but consider 
 them as rights which must be advocated and defended as neces- 
 sary to the present state of things and to the march of progress, 
 as if everything opposed to the true religion, everything which 
 attributes self-government toman and frees him from ihe Divine 
 authority, everything which opens a broad road to all errors 
 and corruption of morals could give the nations prosperity, 
 progress and glory — if these men had not put their own opin- 
 ions above the teachings of the Church ; if, perhaps without 
 knowing it, they had not lent a friendly hand to those who 
 cherish hatred cf religious authority and civil authority ; if 
 they had not thus divided the united forces Qf the Catholic fam- 
 ily, the daring machinations of disturbers would have been re- 
 strained, and we should not have reached a point at which we 
 have to fear the subversion of all order." 
 
 MORE OP THE OATH. 
 
 A correspondetit of the Kon- Conformist (London) furnishes 
 to that paper an authentic copy of the Cardinal's oath, as fur- 
 
51 
 
 nishcd to Lord Palmerston in 1850 by the Btitish minister at 
 Turin. The following passage from il will fully explain its 
 Bcope and spirit : 
 
 1,1 Cardinal of the Holy Roman Cburch, do 
 
 promise and swear that, from this time to my life's end, 1 will 
 befaithfnl and obedient unto St. Peter, the Holy Apostolic 
 Roman Church, and our most Holy Lord the Pope, and h,s 
 successors, canonicaHy and lawfully elected; that 1 will give 
 no advice, consent, or assistance against the Pontihcal Majesty 
 and person ; that I will never knowingly or advisedly, to their 
 iniury or disgrace, make public the counsels intrusied to me by 
 themselves, or by messengers or letters (from them ; ) also, that 
 I will give them any assistance in retaining, defending, and 
 recovering the Roman Papacy and the regalia of Peter with 
 all my might and endeavor, so far as the rights and privileges 
 of my order will allow it, and will defend against all their 
 honor and state ; that I will direct and defend, with due form 
 and boner, the legates and nuncios of the Apostolic See in the 
 territories, churches, monasteries, and other benefices committed 
 to my keeping ; that I will cordially co-operate with them, and 
 treat them with honor in their coming, abiding, and returning, 
 and that I will resist unto blood all persons whatsoever who 
 Bhall attempt anything against them ; that I will by every way 
 and bv every means strive to preserve, argument, and advance 
 the rights, honors, privileges, the authority of the Holy Roman 
 Bishop our Lord the Pope, and his before-mentioned successors ; 
 and that at whatever time any thing shall be decided to their 
 prejudice, which it is out of my power to hinder, as soon as 1 
 shall know that any steps or measures have been taken (m the 
 matter,) I will make it known to the same our Lord, or his 
 before-mentioned successors, or to some other person by whose 
 
means it may be brought to their knowledge . That T will keep 
 and carry out, and cause others to keep and carry oat, the rules 
 of the Holy Father, the decrees, ordinances, dispensations, 
 reservations, provisions, apostolic mandates, and constitutions 
 of the Holy Pontiff Sixtus of happy memory, as to visiting the 
 thresholds of the apostles at certain prescribed times, according 
 to the tenor of that which I have just read through. That I 
 will seek out and oppose, persecute and fight against [Latin — 
 omni conatu persecuturum et ivipugnatururn] heretics, schismat- 
 ics, against the same our Lord the Pope and his before-men- 
 tioned successors , with every possible effort." 
 
 NO ATTACK ON RELIGION. 
 
 In the preparation of this little manual there has been a wish 
 to avoid all reflections on the doctrines or ceremonies, the dog- 
 mas or forms of the Roman Catholic Church. Whether its 
 dogmas are true or false is not within the scope of the present 
 work. Whether it is more truthful or less so than one or other 
 sort of Protestantism, has nothing to do with the inquiry how 
 far the men who control the church organization are friends or 
 foes of entire religious toleration, of freedom of speech and the 
 press, of free public schools, uncontrolled by any religious sect 
 and of the State as independent of any church alliance or con- 
 trol. 
 
 All intelligent Protestants will admit that the Romon Cath- 
 olic Church teaches some truth, and it is not the purpose of 
 this work to determine how much. All liberal minded Protes- 
 
63 
 
 tants will admit that there are many Roman Catholics of ex- 
 emplary character and lives, honorable, truthful, self-sacrificing 
 and laborious in works of mercy. Whether they are more or 
 less exemplary in their lives has nothing to do with the inquiry 
 whether the great organization to which they belong is directed 
 by men whose sympathies and purposes are opposed to religious 
 toleration, and who would, if they could, crush free institu- 
 tions. 
 
 There is no question whether there are Roman Catholics who 
 are good people, but the question is whether the army to which 
 they belong is to be hurled against the public schools and the 
 constitutional guarantees of civil and religious liberty. la 
 considering this last we do not charge that all the tricks of the 
 Ring are suggested or sanctioned by Roman Catholic Bishops or 
 Jesuits. They use the Ring. They give it a power it would 
 not otherwise possess. We oppose the practices of the Ring 
 and the designs of Rome. The author of this little book is not 
 a member of any political party, and would be a democrat if 
 democracy zvas not unworthy of the name . 
 
 NO ATTACK ON RACE OR NATIVITY. 
 
 Men of German and Irish, of Spanish and Italian blood have 
 been as devoted friends of free institutions as any others. They 
 have freely shed their blood for civil and religious liberty. — 
 They are all welcome to the ranks of the army rallying round 
 the public schools and constitutional rights. They have a 
 cofflmon interest ia traasmitting to posterity all the liberties 
 
54 
 
 that thej enjoj. Thej have a common interest in putting an 
 end to Ring rule, and the co-operation of all good men is desLd. 
 Let none then utter the lie that the defence of free institutiona 
 18 coupled with the ostracising of men on account of birthplace 
 If a man ,s a true man, if he is opposed to all encroachments 
 on entire religious toleration, if he is opposed to all assaults on 
 or undermining of our public school system, if he is opposed to 
 all support of sectarianism bj the use of public money if he is 
 opposed to the corruption and dishonesty of ring rule, then the 
 friends of reform have not a thought of rejecting his fellowship 
 
 THINGS THAT MUST BE CHANGED. 
 
 The purchase of offices by corrupt aspirants whose hirelings 
 control primary elections. 
 
 The multiplication of useless officials to increase partisan 
 patronage. " ^ 
 
 The increase of taxes until, in many cases, they are one-third 
 as much as the net revenues from property. 
 
 The neglect of the commercial interests of Baltimore. 
 hoL^es ^''°*^''^'''° """^ encouragement of favored gambling 
 
 The putting lawyers, cobblers and carpenters in the School 
 Board to direct the management of schools, about which they 
 are profoundly ignorant. 
 
55 
 
 The releasing bummers from jail weekly, so that they may be 
 immediately re arrested and re-commitled at the expense of the 
 city, to the great profit of police magistrates. 
 
 The bounty paid for compelling prisoners to ship on fishing 
 vessels. 
 
 The constant increase of city expenditures and city debt. 
 
 The giving away of public money to further private or secta- 
 rian projects. 
 
 The periodical black-mail of disreputable houses. 
 
 The collection of over $600,000 taxes unjustly to make good 
 the deficit of property exempt from taxation. 
 
 The neglect of any plan for excluding filth from the Basin by 
 closing the upper end of private sewers. 
 The do-nothing policy in relation to public improvements. 
 
 The making the public yard a political machine for the sup- 
 port of partisan bummers. 
 
 The bribery to have railroad tracks kept in or removed from 
 certain streets. 
 
 The bribery to effect a reduction of the park tax on city pas- 
 seoger railroads. 
 
 The anticipated bribery to secure a renewal of the contract 
 with the gas company. 
 
56 
 
 The anticipated bribery to secure the abolition of the com- 
 mutation on Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, so that it may be 
 entirely free from taxes of any kind. 
 
 The anticipated bribery to secure the sale of the interest of 
 the city in "Western Maryland Railroad for less than half what 
 it is worth. 
 
 The anticipated bribery to secure the loan of another million 
 dollars to the suspended Valley Railroad, of which P. P. Pen- 
 dleton is president. 
 
 No union of the highest Republican official with a candidate 
 of the ring to put bogus candidates forward . 
 
 No ten thousand fraudulent names on the registry lists. 
 
 No fifty thousand dollars fraud in the purchase of ground 
 and the erection of the House of Correction. 
 
 CAUTIONS. 
 
 Those who rally to defend free institutions, justice and equal 
 rights, must not iuTigine that their victory will be an easy one. 
 They will be opposed by numbers, by sectarian craft, and by 
 all the arts of unscrupulous ring politicians. They should ex- 
 pect that in some localities ignorant majorities' may be misled 
 to the support of injustice, monopolies and class privileges. — 
 They should expect that often the clear will of intelligent ma- 
 jorities will be over-ridden for a time by ballot-box stuffing, by 
 
57 
 
 fraudulent votes of substitutes or repeaters, and by disbonrst 
 election returns. That truth and right, justice and liberty will 
 ultimately triumph there is no doubt, but there may be men 
 who join a good cause and who are unduly depressed because 
 fraud snatches from them the success achieved or victory does 
 not at once crown their efForis, To such men a few words of 
 caution may not be improper. 
 
 If you suppose the struggle is a mere contest for the spoils of 
 office, you are not needed in the army of liberty. If you are 
 governed by selfish desire to get office, you are at heirt as rot- 
 ttn as the ring politicians you oppose. If you suppose that the 
 defense of civil and religious liberty >r all, free public unsec- 
 taiian schools /or all, and just taxation /or all involves rancor, 
 bitterness, hate or wrong to men because they were not born 
 on American soil, or because they belong to the Roman Catho- 
 lic Church you do not harmonize with the great American 
 ideas upon which free institutions must be upheld. 
 
 If you have even shed your blood for American institutions, 
 what more have you done than thousands of heroic Irishmen 
 and Germans? Are you a truer friend of civil and religious 
 liberty than Lafayette was, than Daniel O'Connell was, or than 
 tens of thousands of men in all countries are the wide world 
 over? 
 
 Be true to yourself and your country. Be rancorous to 
 none. Be undaunted by all reverses. Be free from mean and 
 petty selfishness, and you will be one of the saviours of your 
 country, and a blessing to your children, and the children of 
 those who now oppose you. Have no hate to any men of any 
 sect or party, but trust only those candidates for office whom 
 you believe to be trustworthy. Oppose to the utmost all secta- 
 
58 
 
 rian schemes that are intollcrant and inimical to civil and re- 
 ligious liberty ; but if a man is a true man, whose principles 
 are right, and his heart right, gire him the justice and honor 
 that he deserves wherever you find him. 
 
 ALAS FOR TAX PAYERS. 
 
 A number of the most reliable real estate brokers in this city 
 have been asked how they think Ring Rule is afflicting proper- 
 ty in Baltimore, and the following are some of their replies : 
 
 " The average net profit on real estate is a little less than six 
 per cent, on the gross rents or not much over 3.46 per cent, on 
 the assessment." 
 
 "In one case, illustrating many, the City taxes alone are over 
 36 per cent, on the net receipts after deducting expenses, or 
 over 23 per cent, on gross rents." 
 
 "One piece of property in Baltimore county is valued by its 
 owner at $65,000, but it is assessed at $11,99.^, and its County 
 tax is $61,45. If it was in Baltimore city it would be assessed at 
 its full value and pay a City tax of $117." 
 
 " I am unable to sell for $9000 a piece of property that I own 
 but the assessment of that property is $12,000 on which I pay 
 taxes.' ' 
 
 " There are over five thousand houses standing tenantless at 
 this time.' ' 
 
69 
 
 " When last season one of our shrewdest real estate men was 
 required to testify in a case at Annapolis, he swore that since 
 1871 all property in Baltimore, except on Baltimore street, be- 
 tween Gay and Eutaw streets, and contiguous to the approaches 
 to Druid Hill Park, had declined in value from 33 to 50 per 
 cent." 
 
 "In the City Council recently a member declared that in a 
 number of streets of south Baltimore property was not worth 
 as much as it was 14 years ago." 
 
 "The numerous Trustees' sales on almost every day show 
 that really many people cannot afiford to hold real estate." 
 
 "Houses in many cases do not bring one- third or one-half 
 of their actual cost, yet often they are assessed so high that they 
 would not sell for one-half as much." 
 
 "A piece of property assessed at $13,000 sold in 1873 for 
 $5,000, but the owner continues to pay taxes on $13,000." 
 
 " A piece of property assessed at $25,000 has just been sold 
 for ^15,000, which is considered all that it is worth." 
 
 "There are no exceptions to the rule that taxes are going up 
 and few exceptions to the fact that rents on all business proper- 
 ty are going down." 
 
 "I have a house that is assessed for $4,288 and I dare any 
 man liring to pay me $2,500 for it. It still goes on paying 
 taxes on $4,288." 
 
 " Mr. W offered a check for $16,000 for a house some 
 
 time ago. He has just bought the house for $9,000." 
 
60 
 
 "Houses on St. Paul street that it cost $10,000 to build are 
 not worth $3,000." 
 
 " Houses that cost $25,000 arc not yielding rents equal to six 
 per cent, on half that amount," 
 
 " An up-town block of buildings were assessed for $25,00 
 each, but one of the houses has just been sold for $1,150 and 
 another for $1,050." 
 
 " Property generally is not selling for what it was in 18G7." 
 
 •'I own a house that is assessed at $33,500; but I cannot 
 get it sold for $18,000. As I pay taxes on $33,500 I asktd the 
 Appeal Tax Court to reduce the amount ; but they said they 
 had no power to do so." 
 
 "The rate of taxation is going upward rapidly, and the 
 value of property is going down steadily. I don't think it can 
 be stopped except by an entire overturning of the present city 
 government." 
 
 " If the accounts of the City could be examined the most tre- 
 mendous frauds would be discovered ; but no person is allowed 
 to make such an examination." 
 
 " Browning was used as a scape-goat, but he did not get all 
 the tricks." 
 
 WHAT DOES HE MEAN. 
 
 The imported editor of the Catholic Mirror is very bitter at 
 somebody. He says : 
 
 " Yet it appears that there are traitors in our midst, poor, 
 peddling traitors, who conspire to assail and destroy that much 
 envied Constitution,''^ [which he says is the Declaration of In^ 
 dependence.] "Poor" traitors must mean some mendicant 
 order. " Peddling " traitors, those who are trying to barter 
 political influence for the control of the "godless" public 
 
61 
 
 Sg,: ',:):e^arrLron*e public schools, TM^ 
 
 ^hL on .^,at h^/»;;,;„f s"pub^c:'.he"Hg.rt ;o";47p 
 
 nant assured to t^« l'*"^'^;"' «'„ed the cireatest doclrine that 
 Sim show 'vbere his church and bis bishops have not been bit- 
 
 '«;t,rh'ar.tr^ti?eTori^-r.^ 
 tsiz^il;^>?>e^od=v»°^>^^^ 
 
 T. 1 ;. ^^ tjr..^ nf the reeking scaffold, and the hideous tor- 
 
 chamber, tbe auto-de-fe? 
 He savs " The American Republic at its dawn declared that 
 
 sS^fd^is'st^r^ra?^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Mankina ever} wu , ^^cr the sovl untrammelled as the 
 
 rL*?urth1urChrh which had fo/more than a thou 
 
 lS:j-nTe\rir,lhe:^ranatl^ation""?,eCriT,.;doe, 
 
62 
 
 not show that he knows either what the friends or* public 
 schools and civil and reluMous liberty propose nor what his 
 own Church and its Bishops claim 
 
 Of the former he says "Do they think that they will raise 
 any agitation amongst the Catholics, whom they menace?" 
 
 We would reply that they don't think so, and don't menace 
 anybody, but this Roman Candle asks the question : " Do they 
 think that they will raise any agitation amongst the Catholics 
 whom they menace?" And he forthwith replies : To this lati 
 ter question we can give answer, " They will not." '« Do thev 
 think, &c.," he asks, and he answers it, '♦ They will not." 
 
 A writer in this style must not beheld to rigid rules of lo^^ic 
 and common sense. o ui lu^n. 
 
 r.JT^^^r.^/''^^ ^^""^ H '' ^ ^"^°*^ ^^ religious toleration, and 
 regret that he does not know more of what he is writing about. 
 
 SELFISHNESS. 
 
 Hf^.«? rpfn^rf '^''°''. ? every Organization honestly seeking po- 
 wfinfh ? 'f "^\f^?«^ the opposition of external enemies; 
 iTationTtself ' '^ "' injudicious measures by the organ'- 
 
 «n5?v.'' *"''''? ^^'^ ^''''^''^ disciples of Jesus there was a Judas 
 and there are in most political associations some men who for i 
 little money or even the promise of appointments wUl betray 
 the cause to enable its enemies to counteract and defea Us 
 eflforts, or by the formenting of feuds destroy its force To 
 
 Snf ^ Vu f P^^^^' ^^'^^"^^ ^"^'^ treachery, cerUin prin, 
 ciples will be found advantageous. ^ 
 
 Let the organization be thorough, complete iust and frnlv 
 Amfefican, by its reliance on popular wiU' ^ ^ 
 
 t.Mtl'nffi ^'T^ ^' "^P^"^^ ^^^ «^r^^t in its organization 
 Let Its officers be men who are known to be devoted to princi^ 
 pie, judicious and unflinching. Let the central body be com- 
 posed of men nominated by the best men of the branch Td 
 approved by a deeded majority of the members of the branch 
 
63 
 
 Let the members of the central body not be in as great haste 
 to nominate somebody for public office as to build up the organ- 
 ization and disseminate its principles . 
 
 Let them be strictly just in their control but infl^^^le i" 
 ma n aining the unity of the organization by stamping out of 
 it anv man or set of men who upon fair tiial are found to be 
 un>vJrtTiy Some men would not willingly betray the cause 
 for the own pecuniary advanti^ge, but may imperil it by petty 
 So isr^ aspiring to positions in the organization as stepping 
 :fon s"o public^officein the future, or by selfish stupidity nrg- 
 ing particular plans that they originate or by feuds growing 
 out of nasty little jealousies. 
 
 Th-re is always danger that mean rivalries for small honors 
 may bege? dLtrust, divisions, forgetfulness of the great objects 
 to be achieved, and consequent in harmony and weakness To 
 guard against these things keeping constancy in view the ends 
 fobeatfained and the principles to be upheld and fejecting 
 carefully the men to control the branch societies, and the whole 
 grand movement are of the utmost importance. 
 
 The ^reat majority of members in a reform associxtioQ will 
 be disinterested, patriotic men and they should frown down 
 Judases, mischief makers, and pretensions asses who are inspired 
 by selfishness and who in many cases are neither tilted by na- 
 ture nor education for the station they desire. 
 
 In my opinion it would be wise for every member of the or- 
 ganization to make up his mind individually that he will not 
 tuppoft for Any Elective Office any member of the organiza- 
 tion, but when the reform is carried he will do his utmost to 
 have members of the reform or g&mzmoa appointed m puDiic 
 office. 
 
 Adopt this policy and the reform will not be broken up by 
 feuds or selfish schemes; but will devote itself to selecting 
 candidates who can be trusted and will be fit If the retorm 
 is carried there will be enough appointments to be given out to 
 supply every good man who wishes a public position. Ibis 
 will" secure harmony, and in my opinion is the true policy, while 
 reform is in its infancy, and its opponents have great facilities 
 for corruption. 
 
C4 
 
 A FINAL APPEAL. 
 
 Baltimore needs above all else deliverance from a horde of 
 corrupt demagogues, led on bj the Court House Ring. One 
 class of men desire such deliverance because the Ring panders 
 to designs on civil and religious liberty ; another class want it 
 because Ring jobbery bankrupts the City Treasury and enorm- 
 ously increases taxes; a third class wishes it because primary 
 elections have been made infamously corrupt, and a fourth class 
 because under Ring rule the best men in the Democratic party 
 or iu the community have not the slightest influence in the 
 man-igement of public affairs. One man may suppose that if 
 good men are placed in office instead of political schemers, the 
 evils wou'd be corrected ; another may believe that guarding 
 the public schools is more important than any other duty, and 
 a third may feel that debt and taxes, corrupt jobbery and pub- 
 lic plunder are the greatest blights on the prosperi<y of Balti- 
 more . 
 
 Honest men may differ in their estiraaic of the comparative 
 harm done in one way or another by the Court House Ring, 
 but they will all see that the Ring must be beaten at the polls, 
 and thus driven from the positions they prostitute before any 
 reform can be secured. 
 
 Let all, then, unite heartily in working fur the overthrow of 
 Ring rule. 
 
 if 
 
 The hounds who bark at their masters' order may swear that 
 opposition to the Ring is Know-Nothingism, or Nativism, or 
 Anti-Catholicism, or Communism, or Anti-Demucracy, or Anti- 
 Americanism, but the fact is that it has one ruling thought, 
 "opposition to the Court House Ring aU its iOctir|s , ' ;^nd 
 one fixed purpose — ^- - 
 
 THE DEFEAT OF THE BING, 
 I •' ' o 'I O 
 
Jr 
 
 OUR PRmCIPLES. 
 
 Equal Religious Freedom. 
 
 No Eiefflpticn of Priiate Property froin Taiation, 
 
 NO SUPPORT OF ANY SECT BY THE STA TE. 
 
 Xo f\ii\^ f^ule ii\ foMxi^. 
 
 NO SECT T8 CONTROL ODR PDBLIC SCHOOLS, 
 
 No Control by Corrupt Primary Elections. 
 
 We proscribe no man on account of his birth- 
 place or religion, his color or his station in life, but 
 as individuals we only trust candidates for office 
 whom we believe to be true friends of civil and 
 religious liberty, honest aud capable. 
 To be PuWiEhedShortly.-FACTS.TERIlIFIC TO TAS-PAYERS. 
 

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