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NASHVILLE 
 
 AND 
 
 H:e: R TRA-DE 
 
 / 
 
 FOR 
 
 18*7 O, 
 
 A WORK CONTAINING INFORMATION VALUABLE ALIKE TO MERCHANTS^ 
 MANUFACTURERS, MECHANICS, EMIGRANTS AND CAPITALISTS, WITH 
 REFERENCE TO THE PRESENT DEVELOPMENT, AND ADVANTAGES 
 OF ALL BRANCHES OF BUSINESS IN NASHVILLE. ALSO 
 NOTES REGARDING THE POPULATION, GEOGRAPHICAL 
 POSITION, CLIMATE, WATER AND SANITARY CON- 
 DITION OF THE CITY: TOGETHER WITH FULL 
 .. DESCRIPTIONS OF ALL ITS PUBLIC BUILD- 
 •• INGS, CHURCHES, SCHOOLS, OBJECTS 
 
 OP INTEREST, ETC., ETC. 
 
 f^, ■ 
 
 BY > ^ 
 
 CHARLES E. ROBERT. 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENN. : 
 PRINTED BY ROBERTS & PURVIS, REPUBLICAN BANNER OFFICE. 
 
 1870. 
 
p^.^.^ 
 
 M^:^^' 
 

 RESPECTFULLY DEDICATEI) 
 
 TO THE 
 
 Merchants, Manufacturers and Business Men 
 
 CITY OF N^SHV^ILLE, 
 
 In the hope that this exhibit of the Commercial, Manu- 
 facturing, Industrial and Resident Advantages and Im- 
 portance of a city, that is indebted to their integrity, liberality 
 and enterprise for the proud position she so nobly holds in 
 the front rank of Commercial cities, may benefit as well as in- 
 terest the Merchants and Tradesmen tributary to, and relying 
 on her for supplies, and in the belief that the latter are di- 
 rectly and personally concerned in knowing the advantageous 
 position of this, the legitimate Fountain-head of the Central, 
 Southern and Southwestern States. 
 
PREFATORY REMARKS. 
 
 In submitting this compilation of Nashville and Her Trade 
 to the consideration of the public, the author or compiler, as you please, 
 desires, by way of introduction and explanation, the privilege of a 
 few remarks. Some time has elapsed since we first undertook the 
 enterprise, believing it not of difficult performance — only considering 
 the good that might result from the production of a desideratum that 
 had been so long and so sorely felt. But unremitting labor, and a 
 deficiency in the knowledge of book-making — this being our first 
 off-spring — coupled with the absence of Boards of Trade and Chamb- 
 ers of Commerce, have dispelled that illusion, and necessitated the 
 closest and most careful examination of all departments and branches 
 of trade. It could hardly be expected that a work covering so much 
 ground should be entirely free from error ; but in the collection of 
 its material we believe that we have undergone the most rigid criti- 
 cism, having submitted our " notes," before publication, to nearly all 
 of the leading business men of Nashville; and having been flattered 
 by their unqualified approval as to truthfulness, fear not the " carp- 
 ing critics" and chronic grumblers, who are to come after. The 
 Business Man who is desirous of knowing what Nashville is, we 
 think, is amply compensated for an occasional error, by fresh and 
 comprehensive detail, and will properly appreciate a work of general 
 correctness and utility. The value of such a work to him depends 
 chiefly on the system in which its subjects are presented, and being 
 fully advised as to the intricacy of such labors, anticipates only that 
 degree of perfection that the nature of the case admits of. In short, 
 he will be quite surprised if the millennial day of perfect statistics 
 precedes the establishment of the aerial passenger line across the 
 Atlantic. 
 
 It has not been our intention, nor do we desire it to be received 
 as such, to make a literary display, replete with stilted rhetorical 
 figures, but simply to treat on subjects of business, "meaning busi- 
 ness." Therefore, in all things relative to trade, we have given our- 
 self a wide margin, choosing rather to underestimate, than to 
 "stretch" and by thus escaping the charge of "blowing," present 
 to our readers, as we trust, the most reliable, as it certainly is, the 
 most extensive publication of the kind ever issued from the Nash- 
 ville Press. If however, we have strayed beyond the legitimate 
 boundaries of our text, and in more glowing terms than need be, 
 
b PREFACE. 
 
 spoken of the beauty of our city's location, the cultivation and moral 
 worth of her people, the excellence of her religious, charitable and 
 educational institutions, and her especial, peculiar and undeniable 
 adaptation from all her surroundings, to become a great and glorious 
 metropolis, attribute it to love of home, pride of place, kindred 
 feelings common to all men, whether potentates or beggars, civilized 
 or savage. Attribute it to fillial affection for a city to whom we owe 
 all, even the pleasure of living, moving and having our being, and 
 whose good we have studiously advocated on all occasions. 
 
 We cannot cease without cheerfully acknowledging much indebted- 
 ness to our numerous Advertisees, who, by their material encour- 
 agement, gave the enterprise a sure foundation. As to the sincerity 
 of our efforts in furnishing reliable data, our readers may form their 
 own conclusions, when we take occasion to remark, that, inasmuch as 
 we proposed a full description of the Wholesale Trade, in order to 
 attain it, have neccessarily admitted the names of many houses, who 
 have not contributed one cent to its success, while on the other hand, 
 there are Advertisers among our pages who do not receive editorial 
 notice. The latter can, and will, we trust, be easily noted; and 
 so too can the former — they "who reap where they have not sown." 
 This much we are sure of, that the firms whose cards are found here, 
 are the very cream of our Mercantile Fraternity, and not from the 
 reason of their patronage; but in all truth and candor, we can safely 
 recommend them as first-class business men in enterprise, honorable 
 dealing and adequate stock, who will fill orders with punctuality and 
 faithfulness, and in the interest of customers. We desire also to 
 make obeisance in heartfelt thanks to our many indulgent friends for 
 varied information furnished us, and especially to our City Press, 
 always live, liberal and progressive, for the many kind "send offs" 
 given us during the progress of our labors. 
 
 CHARLES E. ROBERT. 
 Nashville, March 1, 1870. 
 
MSHYILLE AXD HER TRADE. 
 
 As a city advances in wealth and numbers, and as its commercial af- 
 fairs multiply, and the arms of its trade are stretching, reaching in 
 every direction, it becomes an anxious public to know the importance 
 of its demands, as well as the causes that have given it such promi- 
 nent claims upon their patronage and attention. Trade watches with 
 lynx-eyed vigilance, and with the keenest and closest scrutiny, the 
 manipulations of those who seek to secure its benefit, none the less 
 than it does the points best fitted by natural means and artificial efforts, 
 as the proper fountain-head of supplies, or the channel through which 
 its commodities must flow, in the clearest, purest, least unobstructed 
 and least contaminated way. 
 
 Stimulated then by a desire to present to the world a statistical 
 work, systematically arranged and correctly reported, demonstrating 
 the City of Nashville in all its varied phases, its trade and commerce 
 its importance, advantages and resources, we have thrust ourself 
 upon the attention of the public. Xo such work has ever before ap- 
 peared ; and modesty will not prevent us saying, that without a guide 
 star in our sea of explorations, we have encountered many difficulties. 
 Strange, that a city of such propitious circumstances, pre-eminent in 
 geographical and latitudinal location, should have consented, so long, 
 to have had its light hid under a bushel. And yet such is the case. 
 True, from time to time, various works have appeared, plethoric with 
 scientific terms and technicalities, and abundant in "glittering o'ener- 
 alities," regarding our highly favored locality and its resources, yet 
 none of the distinguished authors thereof have shown what is actually 
 in existence, and that is the field now left for our operations. There 
 fore, we present, in the following pages, what we honestly believe to be a 
 reliable and unbiased report of the cit^^ of Xashville as it reallv is. 
 
 Our purpose has been, not to advertise the parties, whose names ap- 
 pear, individually, but to advertise the City itself: the benefit, if any 
 to result, to be general. With respect to the want of enterprise — a 
 
8 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 standing accusation, which our fellow-citizens are accustomed to make 
 against each other in tempestuous weather — we acknowledge the 
 charge is seemingly reasonable and well founded, especially, if it mean 
 a total inability to comprehend the morality, or realize the pecuniary 
 value of clap-trappery, slap-dashery, or eclat. Adverse to " puffing," 
 they have often refrained from scattering broad-cast, as they ought to 
 have done, information relative to tho mercantile and manufacturing 
 advantages of their city; practical in their views, they have seem- 
 ingly sometimes forgotten that man does not live by bread alone; 
 and straightforward in their own general dealings, and governed ex- 
 clusively in their own transactions by economical or commercial rea- 
 sons, they do not sujjpose it possible that such trifles as "ancient and 
 fish-like smells" in market-houses can keep one customer away from 
 where he ought to go, or that such vanities as pageantry, puffery and 
 matters of that ilk, can attract one tradesman where it is not his de- 
 cided interest to buy. Enduring the trying ordeals of wars', fires', 
 famines' and pestilence, despite the ruinous prostration of trade and 
 commerce, of financial shocks and failures, preserving their commer- 
 cial honor and mercantile respect, intact they hav« brought their 
 city to a dignified prominence in the world of trade, and commanded 
 the respect and attention that such conditions have legitmately entitled 
 her to. 
 
 The leading features of our city's wealth and prosperity, we propose 
 describing, embracing almost innumerable branches of commerce, of 
 mechanical arts and sciences, manipulated and carried on by a live, pro- 
 gressive and go-ahead-ative class of merchants and manufacturers who 
 are aided in their transactions and labors by countless auxiliaries such as 
 ready capital, cheap transportation, steam, concentrated labor and the 
 inexhaustible natural resources that a beneficent Heaven has placed, 
 in almost prodigal liberality, at their disposal. These, guided by ex- 
 perience and a thorough knowledge of the wants of their peojyle, and 
 with indomitable foreign and domestic labor, energy industry and skill, 
 are fast transforming our city into a most formidable rival of North- 
 ern and Eastern cities and soon, we think, will render her the peer of 
 any in the land. 
 
 We do not propose, nor would we feel competent in the undertaking, 
 to acquaint our readers with a minutely detailed account of all the 
 commodities dealt in, their qualities and defects, the countries from 
 which they are derived and the many items regarding them, that 
 doubtless would prove interesting to the generality of persons. The 
 excellence of a Business Publication, so we learn from the principles 
 
NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 9 
 
 of political economy, ofteutiraes depending as much upon what it docs 
 not as upon what it does contain ; and so many details, although in 
 themselves useful, unnecessarily encumber a work designed to unfold 
 the information, we contemplate disclosing in this. A seriatim report 
 of all the multifarious branches follow, supported by such indisputa- 
 ble facts and figures, that gainsaying the truth will be impossible, 
 and which may convince the skeptical, if any such there be, as to the 
 importance of the city of Nashville. Therefore, choosing rather to 
 let the eloquence of arithmetical calculation speak for us what grandi- 
 loquent phraseology and fancifully wrought speculations might fail to 
 accomplish, we are not fearful as to the result. 
 
 Months have been spent in this investigation, and the reports are 
 submitted as illustrative of the present status of Commercial and 
 Manufacturing industry in Nashville. They are not exclusively of 
 our own observation and knowledge, but that of others, and may be 
 considered the opinions of two or more of the leading men in each 
 branch of industry; for large indebtedness is due to this source, both 
 for original suggestions and confirmation of points otherwise doubt- 
 ful. "We do not claim for them exactness to the cent; to ascertain that 
 would require the purse of Fortunatus, and inquisatorial powers far 
 greater than any possessed by the Pope of Rome, the King of Naples, 
 or the Emperor of all the Russias, or all of them combined, but 
 simply to state facts that have come within the range of our observa- 
 tion ; facts which might be noticed by almost any person of ordinary 
 intelligence, meeting with them as they do, on every thoroughfare 
 of the metropolis, with convincing proof that Nashville is already a 
 great Commercial and Manufacturing City, most probably the greatest in 
 the South, 
 
 If the result of our labors demonstrates to the merchants and busi- 
 ness men trading with Nashville, or trading elsewhere, that under a 
 system of liberality and progression our people have stimulated in- 
 dustry, by rewarding ingenuity and by using most efficaciously the 
 powers bestowed by nature upon them; that they have distributed 
 their labor and capital most judiciously, diffusing general benefit to 
 the Country having intercourse with them, and built up for themselves 
 a trade that is increasing and expanding, and is bound to result in a 
 brilliant Mercantile future for them, then indeed, are we satisfied with 
 the work, and " love's labor " has been rewarded. 
 
 But, before passing to the present condition of our city's trade, we 
 deem it appropriate to give some brief account of its past condition 
 the better, to show her importance and the claims she has upon her 
 
10 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE 
 
 Sister-States. All civilization grows up from, and out of, small cen- 
 ters and humble resources. A man, a house, a village and a machine, 
 are the starting points of new and grand developments of Commercial 
 success, social life and National history. The world is full of such 
 records, that find illustration and culmination in the fame and wealth 
 and power that give success and triumph to personal enterprise and 
 stability, and grandeur to a city's history. Nashville is rich in an- 
 nals, rich in associations that make her rocks historic, her hills re- 
 markable, and her name beloved and honored in every clime. " These, 
 then are the treasured memorials of her people." These, whether 
 they come down from the dim and shadowy past, or have their birth 
 and fruition in the near and still remembered, are the antiquities of 
 the place and of her citizens. In the usual acceptation of the terra, 
 our country has no antiquities. Art, science, literature, music, poetry, 
 war have left no records — given us no monuments. But its physical 
 condition — glorious, comprehensive phrase! taking in as it were, in 
 one grand respiration, its unapproachable climate, its arable fields, its 
 clear, swift, rolling rivers, its unhidden and exhaustless mineral wealth, 
 its uncut forests — these are the monuments; and monumental too of 
 the " Eternal Power and Godhead." Aside from these, and with 
 these what do we lack, for aught that wisdom can employ or skillful 
 labor produce, our only real antiquities are reminiscenses of Indian 
 life and warfare, and a recital of the hardships, endurance and forti- 
 tude of frontier struggles. The former, as to its origin and incidents, 
 is involved in mystery and mixed with fable. But it is replete with 
 interest to the curious and gorgeous with thrilling tales of field ond 
 flood to the workers of fiction. The latter blushes yet in virgin love- 
 liness and beauty, and yet lifts its maiden hands, imploring Old Mor- 
 tality to decipher its inscriptions, to freshen its facts, to revivify its 
 memorials and hand down to the generations coming and to come ; 
 "the short and simple annals" of a people, who believing with the 
 poet, that " Westward the Star of Empire " would take its way, and 
 coming from " A Home beyond the Mountains," settled on the banks 
 of the beautiful Cumberland, whose fertile valley's their children 
 have enriched as a garden and made to " bloom and blossom as the 
 rose." 
 
 Since that time, ninety years have rolled around ; ninety years of 
 history, civil and social, personal and domestic, unfold their pages of 
 trial and triumph, progress and pause; toil and suffering, virtue and 
 vice, life and death. War, fire, famine and sword, have held high car- 
 nival in her center; and the march of youthful art, science, trade. 
 
NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 11 
 
 commerce and literature, approach, anxious to be chronicled ; while 
 festivals and fasts, religion and licentiousness each " come trooping up 
 like bannered armies," with their contributions of glory or of shame, 
 to fill the measure of the city's history. The leaves are brimming 
 full ; the acts and incidents are innumerable. Would that we could 
 open the long-closed volume and bring things long hidden out into 
 the sunlight, make scenes long lying in obscurity, names long lost in 
 the whirlpool of life, voices long silent, address us from the graves of 
 the past; but such is not our task. Therefore we shall garland only 
 a tew of the reminiscences, skip lightly over the remainder, and speak 
 with words of soberness of the great, the living present. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF XASm'HXE. 
 
 From the most authentic information, relative to the condition of 
 the country about Nashville, at the time of its earlv settlement, we 
 are led to believe that its hills were covered with cedar, its valleys 
 and low places hid by dense canebrakes and undergrowth, while the 
 more level eountr}' around about was "peopled'' by dense forests of 
 hickory, oak, beech and such other lordly giants of the Vegetable 
 Kingdom. Turning our imagination back to those early times, we 
 can but feel an inward sublimity of its many charms. On the bosom 
 of the beautiful river that courses its valleys, we see the Indian's bark 
 canoe; vast herds of buffalo, of elk and horse, "wild and untamed," 
 roaming through its dusky wilds ; the eagle, swift on its prey and 
 bold in its flight, " on cliffs and cedar-tops, its eyries building ; " the 
 timid deer, basking at will in the genial sunbeams ; or the winding 
 smoke lazily ascending from the wigwam by the river^s margin ; war- 
 rior and maiden, chief and brave are here in glorious contentment, 
 discussing in colloquial pleasure brave deeds or simple loves in tliis, 
 their home, 
 
 " Shut out bv Alpine hills from the rude world." 
 
 Standing, then, upon the eminence now graced by our noble Capitol, 
 what a grand and magnificent prospect would have unrolled itself 
 before our vision ; the far off hills that now skirt the city's suburbs, 
 blackened by dense foliage ; the broad surface of the river stirred to 
 gentle rolling by the evening breeze and dashing its silvery spray 
 against the rocks of its rugged banks ; the rolling, undulating surface 
 of the soil ; the tangled back-ground of cliff and cloud empurpled by 
 the brush of Heaven ; all would have made up a scene presenting a 
 marvelous masterpiece of an omnipotent artist, a landscape as sublime 
 and imposing in its grandeur as the Yosemite Valley, which distiu 
 guished the brush of Bierstadt and gave his name to the roll of iui 
 
14 NASHVILLE AM) UKli T1LV1>E. 
 
 mortality. No churlish plough-share had over marred the velvet of 
 the old mosi^y grtvusward ; no oultivator's tire had ever rioted in the 
 cane-brakes that ^^•ave^i their gract^ful pUiiuage in every sheltered 
 dingle, or in the tutK\l chuups of eeilar that thinntiHl their verdant 
 banners on every knoll and hillock; no axe had ever raztxl the gnarl- 
 e<.l and knotty bark of the huge oaks, timehouored and immemorial. 
 Titans, Avhich s«\tteivil far and near in their mighty grandeur, lit\ed 
 their white, thunder-spliutereil heads, "stag-horned and sere and 
 blasttxl," above their less pretentious neighbors. Beneath their 
 shadow the bow-string of the dusky hunter twanged terror to the aut- 
 lered Monarehs of the foivst. Perhaps they stood here in their youth, 
 when the boom of Columbus' gun annoumvd to the ohl world that 
 a new land had been found. We know they were here proud in me- 
 ridian majesty when America's unconquered legious swept on like a 
 moving wall oi' brass against the scarlet -coated mercenaries of the 
 British lion. 
 
 But, lo ! a change has come o'er these tranquil scenes ; the tbrt.>st 
 has disappeared, and up from the productive soil has vegetation sprung; 
 the cjine-brake has turned into acorn-patch; det^p into the hillside 
 the emblems of Agriculture have fastened their roots; the startled 
 stag bounds from his lair as the ring of the rifle is heard in the val- 
 ley, for some daring hunter has looke^l down upon it from the bor- 
 dering hills, and claimtxl it as the heritage of his children; the foot- 
 prints of the Anglo Siixon are made in its rich soil, and are impressed 
 forever — the age of civilization has begun. 
 
 The Shawnee (Suwauee) tribe of Indians were the original possess- 
 ors of the soil about Nashville, but were expelled at some remote 
 period from this region of country by t,he Chickasaws and Che- 
 rokees, who made it a hunting-ground lor all the tribes, until the 
 whites came and took possession. 
 
 A Frenchman (whose name is not known) wa^? at Nashville as a 
 trader, as early as the year 1710, and from all accounts was the fii"st 
 white man who ever set foot on this soil. He had a little cabin, or 
 trading-post, near the river, a little north of Lick Branch, and about 
 midway between the river and the Sulphur "Spring. Living with 
 the Frenchman was a lad about fifteen years of age, named Charles 
 Charleville, and who eventually succeeded the Frenchman in busi- 
 ness, and lived to a good old age — fourscore and four. When the 
 first American hunters came here, (in 1770, or thereabouts), they found 
 Mons. Timothy De MonBreun, occupying the identical spot formerly 
 
HISTOJEICAJ^ SKETCH OF NA«HVIL,I>£. 15 
 
 occupied b/ Mons. Oiiarleville, living in a cabin or atore^ which he 
 used an a trading-jxwrt, and henee the name of french Salt Liick wa^j 
 given to theBuJphur spring. Mone. De MouBreun lived here for 
 many years^ and died in the year 1^26; at a go*^ old age. It wac in 
 honor of him that Demonhreun street wag eo called. 
 
 KarJy in the year 1779. Gener<il James H<j]jiirinfjii, origLualjy ihjm 
 Korth Carolina, acfy^mpanied by George Freeland, A^''illiam Keely, 
 Edward Bwanson, James Hanley, Mark Roberttjon, Zachariah M'ellg, 
 William OverhalJ and one negro man, started from the settlements on 
 the Watauga and Holston rivers; in JEast Tennessee, to examine and 
 "spy out" the lands in thifc vicinity, which were Uilieved to have 
 f>een purchased from the original possessoi-s at the treaty of 177$. 
 Col. Putnam, in his excellent and valuable Hidory of Middle Tenrt/es- 
 ««€, gives this account of their travels: "They continued their wan- 
 derings and explorations, often following buffalo-paths, which almost 
 invariably led through the dense forests and cane-brakes from water 
 to water, and more directly trodden from one Salt or Sulpher Spring 
 to another, until they finally arrived at the present site of Kashville, 
 the Capital of Tennessee, then known as the French Salt Lick, and 
 als<j as the Bluffs." Soon after their arrival, another small party, 
 under the guidance of KasjXrr Mansker, (often erroneusly written 
 Gasper or Casper Manscoj, Michael Stoner, Abraham and Isaac 
 Bledsoe, were on the East side during the years 1769, 1770 and 1771. 
 Springs, licks, creeks and 'jther localities, well known at this day, 
 were discovered by some of these pioneers, and yet Ijear their names; 
 for instance, Mansker^s Creek in this county, named in honor of its 
 discoverer, Kasper Mansker, and Stone's River, in honor of Michael 
 Stoner ; the latter was one of the earliest hunters in this country, but 
 not included in the settlers of Nashville. The party under (Jeneral 
 Robertson being thus augmented, all united in clearing the cane-brake 
 and i« planting <x;rn near the Sulphur Spring and this, t/O^rether with 
 the "jerking of meat," etc., they were kej/t quite busy. It was 
 agreed that some of these first pioneers should remain to guard the 
 crojjs, and that the remainder would ret-urn to the Watauga and 
 Holston, to assist the fe,miiies in setting out on their " long and peril- 
 ous journey," and return with additional emigrants in the F'all. 
 
 Duriiag the Summer, arrangements were made by several families 
 to start for the Cumberland. One party was to take the land route, 
 which was a dij6&cult and circuitous one; and in reaching the Cumber- 
 land fr^^m East Tennessee traveled as far out of the way as to a 
 station where Lexington, Kentucky, now is, thence by Harrod's 
 
16 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Station, now Harrodsburg, and so "around and around about." 
 They arrived at the Cumberland, opposite Nashville, about the mid- 
 dle of December, 1779, after having been several months in making 
 the journey. This Winter was remarkable for its severe coldness; 
 deer, elk and birds died on account of the cold — and the settlers, 
 upon their approach, crossed the Cumberland river on the ice, with 
 their baggage and cattle — this was General Robertson's party, but 
 not including his family ; who, previous to reaching their destinaton, 
 were joined by John Rain's party of emigrants. About the same 
 time, a small company from South Carolina, arrived, who were fol- 
 lowed, in the Spring of 1780, by Captain John Donelson's party, 
 from the settlements in East Tennessee. Included in this latter com- 
 pany was the family of General Robertson, beside quite a number of other 
 families. They made the adventure by a long hazardous and unex- 
 plored route by water, down the Holston, down the Tennessee to its 
 junction with the Ohio, then up the Ohio, and up the Cumberland to 
 French Salt Spring. The buoyant, cheerful spirit of the women 
 seemed never to fail, and they permitted not the men to do all the 
 hard labor in the navigation, and often would not be denied the privi- 
 lege of lending a helping hand; and as it is told: 
 
 " They worked with paddle, pole, and oar ; 
 They worked when every hand was sore ; 
 They worked with cheerful heart, and more — 
 They worked with paddle, pole and oar, 
 Until they need to work no more, 
 Now landed at the wished for shore." 
 
 Such were the mothers, the wives, and daughters, who laid the 
 foundation of our beloved city. May their noble examples stimu- 
 late the present generation, and be not lost to posterity ! — 
 
 Some of the settlers who first came, immediately went to work and 
 erected a few rude log cabins where the city now stands, while others 
 made settlements in the vicinity. Necessity, however, soon compelled 
 them to erect forts and "strong-holds" for defense, as also for the 
 deposit of provisions, arms and ammunition. To the interesting 
 pages of Putnam's History we are again indebted, and take the fol- 
 lowing description of one of these forts: "It was argued that the 
 fort at the Bluffs or Nashborough, should be the principle one, and 
 the headquarters. Others were commenced about the same time, at 
 the spring in North Nashville, whose waters now run through the 
 Horticultural Garden, and was called " Frceland's Station," from 
 its founder, George Freeland; one on the East side of the river, 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NASHVILLE. 17 
 
 upon the first highland at 'the river bank, called Eaton's/ others at, 
 or near the Sulphur Spring, ten miles north, called Gasper's, where is 
 now the town of Goodlettsville ; one on Station Camp Creek, about 
 three miles from Gallatin, on the bluff, and by the edgp of the turn- 
 pike, called Asher's; one near the Sulphur Spring, eight miles from 
 Gallatin, called Bledsoe's; one at the low lands on Stone's River, 
 where the pike passes, called ' Stone's River,' or * Donelson's;' [in our 
 day known as "Clover Bottom," and celebrated by its proximity to 
 the Hermitage, and as having once been a favorite race-course with 
 "Old Hickory " — Ed.]; and one at ' Fort Union,' at the bend of 
 the river above the bluffs, about six miles distant. Here was once the 
 town of Haysborough." 
 
 " The Fort at Xashborough was erected upon the bluff, between the 
 south-east corner of the Square and Spring Street, (erroneously called 
 at the present time, "Church Street,") so as to include a bold sprino-, 
 which then issued from that point, the water of which dashed down 
 the precipice, giving much interest and charm to the location." 
 
 " This place of defense, like all the other forts erected at other sta- 
 tions, was a log building, two stories high, with port holes and look- 
 out station ; other log houses were near it, and the whole were en- 
 closed with palisades, or pickets firmly set in the earth, having the 
 upper ends sharpened. There was one large entrance or gatewav 
 with a look-out station thereon, for the guard. The top of the fort 
 afforded an elevated view of the country around. This view how- 
 ever, was much obstructed to the west and south-west, (say toward 
 Broad Street and Wilson's Spring), where there was a dense growth of 
 privet bushes. Upon lands with deeper soil and less rock, instead of 
 cedar and privet, there were forest trees of large growth and thick cane- 
 brakes. The rich bottom lands were covered with cane, measuring 
 ten to twenty feet in height." This post was agreed upon as the 
 headquarters, and the name of Xashborough was given to it, in honor 
 of General Nash, of North Carolina, who was mortally wounded in 
 the battle of Germantown, October 4th, 1777. It was at this fort 
 that a compact for their self-goverument and protection, founded on 
 popular representative principles, was voluntarily entered into, on the 
 first of May, 1870— a day which should ever be held in remem- 
 brance by our people. 
 
 This Government was known as the "Government of the Judges. 
 Arbitrators, or Triers, chosen by the Freemen of the different sta- 
 tions on the Cumberland," and its members were designated as "No- 
 tables." Its jurisdiction extended over the regulation of entries and 
 
18 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 locations of land; made protection and providence for the widows 
 and orj^hans of those who should die or be killed by the Indians; 
 regulated the military defenses; called into service men from each 
 station; impressed horses; imposed, collected and appropriated fines, 
 etc.; in fact, was wise, comprehensive and appropriate in its dealings. 
 
 Matters went on well enough until the Spring of 1780, when the 
 Indians began to grow troublesome, and inaugurated their bloody 
 work, first, by killing and scalping Joseph Hay, almost within a 
 stone's throw of the fort. His body was recovered, "hacked with 
 the battle-axe of the Indian," and was buried in the open ground 
 east of the Sulphur Spring, in the "first cemetery of the first settlers." 
 Soon after, D. Larimer was killed near Freelaud's Station ; Solomon 
 Phillips was shot near the present Hume School building, and died 
 at the fort a few days after; and Solomon Maury and Robert Aspey 
 were killed near the same spot where Phillips was wounded. Isaac 
 Lefevre was butchered near the river bluff, where the present Work- 
 house stands; and Benjamin Renfroe, John Maxwell, and John Ken- 
 nedy, while fishing near the mouth of Lick Branch, were surprised 
 by a party of Indians, who tomahawked and scalped Renf^'oe, and 
 made prisoners of his companions, yet not without a desperate fight. 
 These were the first scenes of blood-shed at this place among the 
 whites. 
 
 Subsequently, at the site now occupied by the Commercial Hotel, 
 at the corner of Cedar and Cherry streets, which was then a low, wet 
 spot, covered with thick undergrowth, Philip Catron was badly 
 wounded in the chest, but finally recovered. John Coffey and David 
 Williams were wounded near the fort, but Captain Rains and two or 
 three others were near, and rushed to the rescue. The Indians who 
 committed committed these depredations, were Creeks and Cherokees, 
 with a few Delawares or Shawnees. " The war for American Inde- 
 pendence, " says Putnam,'" about this time was in its middle and near 
 its most critical period. British emissaries had been busily at work 
 with these Southwestern Indians, as they had with the Northern 
 and those between the Ohio and the Lakes. That noted agent and 
 plotter of conspiracies. Doctor Conolly, had been at work for years 
 among the Shawnees, east of the Ohio, and had now extended his 
 operations to these otherwise peaceable tribes at the South. They 
 were instructed to 'drive back these Virginians, or make wolf-bait of 
 their carcasses.' " 
 
 In the Summer of 1780, Robert Gilkie sickened and died, and was 
 the first man of the settlers that died a natural death. Philip Coonrod 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF XASHVILLE. 19 
 
 or Conrad was killed by a tree falling on him, near the present junc- 
 tion of Cherry and Demonbreun streets. A servant of Mrs. Gilkie's 
 was dangerously wounded by a gun-shot from some skulking Indian, 
 while attending the cows near the west side of the Public Square. 
 A lot of children near by ran and screamed, and the Indians 
 "screamed and ran the other way." 
 
 The marriage of Captain Leiper occurred in the Fall of 1870. It 
 was the first wedding ever solemnized at Nashville, and, in truth, 
 the first one recorded west of the Cumberland Mountains. As a pre- 
 liminary measure, and next to the birth of the first child, at the 
 Bluff, it has been duly recorded by the first historian, (Haywood). 
 The ceremony was performed by Colonel Robertson, who was at the 
 head of the Government of Notables. There was a glorious feast 
 and much cheerful company at this wedding. They had no gew-gaws 
 and finer}', but simply "homespun;" no wine or ardent spirits; no 
 wheat nor cornbread, nor cakes nor confectioneries; but they did have 
 "any quantity of fresh and dried meat," buffalo tongue, bear meat, 
 vension, saddle and ham, broiled, stewed, fried and "jerked;" and as 
 a great delicacy for the ladies, some "roasting ears," roasted, broiled, 
 or made into succotash. And before and after the supper, the danc- 
 ing was conducted, not on a waxen floor with a hundred gas-jets 
 gleaming, but upon the rough, old "puncheon" by the flambeau's 
 flickering beam. 
 
 John Rains is entitled to the credit of introducing neat cattle and 
 horses upon the west side of the Cumberland river, and into this 
 section of the State, and his example has not been lost upon his pos- 
 terity. Rains was a "mighty hunter," and in one winter killed 
 thirty-two bears within seven miles of the fort, mostly in Harpeth 
 Knobs, south of Nashville. 
 
 On the 2d of April, 1781, occurred the "Battle of the Bluff," 
 which took place in the cane-brake, along the branch, just south of 
 Broad street. It was a " hard fight," although the whites lost but 
 few men. 
 
 The first male child born in Nashville, was Dr. Felix Robertson, 
 the sixth child of Colonel James Robertson, whose birth occurred on 
 the 11th of January, 1781. Until a few years since. Dr. Robertson 
 was " with us and of us, ripe in years and full of honors ;" esteemed 
 honored and beloved while living, and since dead mourned and re- 
 gretted by more than thirty-thousand of his immediate fellow-citizens. 
 
 A treaty was held here in June, 1783, between Commissioners 
 from Virginia — General Robertson and the settlers on one side, and 
 
20 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 the Indians on the other — which resulted in a better understanding 
 between the whites and Indians, and after which comparative peace 
 was obtained for a short time. " The Indians were invited to assem- 
 ble at the large Sulphur Spring, about four miles northwest of Nash- 
 ville, on the east side, and a few hundred yards from the Charlotte 
 Pike. The beautiful location had been selected by Colonel Robert- 
 son for his own station and home. There, he afterwards erected the 
 brick dwelling, which, until a few years since, remained in good pres- 
 ervation; and the place was, until a few yeais past, known as the 
 place of the ' Nashville Camp Ground.' " 
 
 The treaty lasted for some days. Green corn was not then suffi- 
 ciently advanced to yield roasting ears, but the " stationers " treated 
 the Indians hospitably and dismissed them with such presents as 
 could then be bestowed. There being no "fire-water" administered, 
 consequently, hearts were not perverted, nor brains maddened, and 
 the deliberations were conducted quietly and concluded amicably. 
 A few ball-plays, foot-races and contests at high and low jumps, 
 constituted the sum of amusements on the occasion. 
 
 By this time the American Revolution had closed, and general 
 good feeling prevailed, as life and property seemed to be more se- 
 cure. During this year, North Carolina sent out Commissioners to 
 look into the pre-emption rights of the settlers, and also to lay oflf 
 twenty-thousand acres of land, which the General Assembly of that 
 State proposed to give to General Greene, for his extraordinary ser- 
 vices in the war of the Revolution. These Commissioners were ac- 
 companied by a guard of one hundred soldiers, and several families 
 of emigrants, and valuable additions were made to the infant settle- 
 ment. It is proper to remark, however, that, at different times,from 
 1780 to 1790, a portion of those who came here, removed to Illinois, 
 Kentucky, Indiana, and other points. So that the number of per- 
 manent settlers was not very large, at any time, and some of these 
 were scattered over the surrounding country. 
 
 James Montgomery was the first sheriff under the Notables, but 
 being suspected of belonging to " Colbert's Gang," in piratical or 
 filibustering operations, he left the settlement, and Thomas Fletcher 
 was elected and sworn iu by the Committee as Sheriff. All the pro- 
 ceedings up to this time were dated, " North Carolina, Cumberland 
 District." 
 
 But the government of Notables passed away in 1783, and North 
 Carolina spread her motherly wings over the settlers by issuing com- 
 nissions to Isaac Bledsoe, Samuel Barton, Francis Prince, and Isaac 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NASHVILLE. 21 
 
 Linsay, to organize an Inferior Court of Pleas and Quarter Sessions 
 at Nashborough. This " Inferior Court," says the historian, "was in- 
 vested with extraordinary powers — not unlike or much inferior to 
 those which the Committee Government or Notables, had exercised 
 for years previous. This newly-created State Tribunal was, indeed, 
 clothed with legislative, military and judicial powers, as may be seen 
 by an examination of the acts of the Assembly; and, to men as well 
 skilled and accustomed to the exercise of such high prerogatives, the 
 continuance of powers and functions under a new name, caused no 
 inconvenience." 
 
 On the 6th of October, the members of the Court were qualified 
 and elected — Andrew Ewin, Clerk, and as he had to give a bond in 
 the sum of ^2,000 for the faithful performance of his duties, which 
 had not been required of him during his years of service previously, 
 while Clerk of the Government of Notables, he added the letter g to 
 his name, and ever afterward spelled it Ewing. [^ye fail to see the 
 necessity of this, but so runs the record. — Ed.] 
 
 A court-house and prison were ordered to be built — the former to 
 be eighteen feet square ! with benches, bar and table, for the use of the 
 court, and to be constructed of hewn logs, at the public expense. The 
 prison to be built of the same material — hewn logs a foot square, and 
 founded upon a rock! The contract for these buildings was let at 
 public vendue, October 14th, to the lowest bidder. 
 
 January, 1784, the Court was again convened, and were assisted by 
 four Justices, appointed at the same time, but not previously present, 
 to-wit: James Robertson, Thomas Mulloy, Anthony Bledsoe and 
 David Smith. 
 
 By Acts of the Assembly of North Carolina, in April and May, 
 1784, a town was established at the Bluff, called Nashville, etc., and 
 from July 1st of that year it is never known as Nashboro', but Nash- 
 lyille. The Commissioners of the town were directed to lay off" 200 
 acres of land near to, but not to include the French Lick, in lots of 
 one acre each, with convenient streets, lanes and alleys — reserving four 
 acres (the present Public Square) for public buildings. Those who 
 subscribed to lots should draw for choice, and were to receive deeds, 
 with the condition that within three years thercatter they should build 
 a "well-framed log, brick or stone house, 16 feet square at least, (!) 
 and eight feet clear in the pitch !" S. Barton, Thomas Mulloy and 
 James Shaw were the Directors appointed by the Old North State; 
 and the deeds executed by them are among the first titles recorded in 
 Davidson county. 
 
22 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 About this time this section of country was also called " Mero Dis- 
 trict ;" and again drawing on Putnam, we have the following explana- 
 tion : " It will be remembered that when Robertson and others of these 
 pioneers, were living on the Watauga, at the very commencement of 
 our Revolutionary war, and in the opening of that grand and glorious 
 career which placed Washington upon theheights^of fame, his name was 
 selected for the district of country constituting the State of Tennessee. 
 This is supposed to be the first instance in which his name was so se- 
 lected and applied to any place or section of country, and the suggestion 
 or selection has been attributed to General Sevier, then and always the 
 intimate friend of General Robertson." * * * « The district of 
 Mero included the entire region of country north-west of the moun- 
 tains — the Cumberland region. It was so-called after Don Estepdn 
 Mei'o, a Brigadier-General in the armies of the King of Spain, Gov- 
 ernor and Intendant of the provinces of Louisiana and West Florida." 
 Fears were entertained by the settlers on the Cumberland that the 
 crafty Spaniards, encouraged by their isolated condition and by the 
 fierce war then raging in the Colonial States, would either attempt to 
 dispossess them of the soil, or subjugate them under the flag of Spain. 
 A correspondence sprung up between General Robertson on the one 
 part, and Governor Mero on the other, relative to the extension of in- 
 ternational courtesies, and to the protection of trading boats from pi- 
 rates on the Mississippi, Tennessee, Ohio and Cumberland Rivers. 
 Governor Mero replied by promises of exertion toward the restraint 
 of marauding incursions, and concluded with an invitation to the 
 settlers to locate on the west side of the Mississippi, adding promises 
 of indulgence as to religion, exemption from taxes, and certain worldly 
 prosperity. This latter clause, however, it is scarcely necessary to 
 say, was not entertained, or at least not consummated; but, to secure 
 the friendship of the Spaniard, and " tickle his fancy," the name of 
 Mero District was given to the country. 
 
 The county of Davidson was named in honor of General William 
 Davidson, of Mecklenburg county, North Carolina, an intrej)id officer 
 of the American army, who lost his life at the battle of Cowpens, South 
 Carolina. 
 
 In 1784 or '85, a ferry was established by order of the Court, across 
 the Cumberland, at a point above the Sulphur Lick Branch, and rates 
 of ferriage fixed. The description of boats mentioned in the statutes 
 and licenses, were, ferry-flats, canoes and pettiaguas, or perogues. As 
 emigration increased, and trade and travel through the land advanced, 
 these ferries were very profitable. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NASHVILLE. 23 
 
 November 1st, 1785, General James Robertson left Nashville as the 
 Representative of Davidson county in the North Carolina Legislature. 
 He advocated and was instrumental in the passage of quite a number 
 of laws for the good and advancement of his constituents; and, among 
 other acts, obtained, December 29th, 1785, the passage of "An Act for 
 the promotion of learning in Davidson county," from which action 
 sprung "Davidson Academy," the foundation of the "University of 
 Nashville," which we shall speak of more at length in another 
 place. 
 
 In 1786, Mr. Lardner Clark, "merchant and ordinary keeper," 
 opened a dry-goods store in Nashvi le — the first in the place. His 
 stock of goods was packed on ten horses, and came from Philadelphia, 
 through Virginia, East Tennessee and part of Kentucky. It con- 
 sisted of cheap calicoes, unbleached linens and coarse woolens. He 
 also combined liquor-selling and tavern-keeping with his operations 
 in dry goods. Wearing apparel, in this locality, until then was com- 
 posed almost entirely of dressed skins. Mr. Clark took peltries in 
 exchange for his goods; for, in fact, there was very little money in cir- 
 culation in those primitive times, and skins and furs answered very 
 well as a circulating medium. In June, 1790, "Lardner Clark, mer- 
 chant, and J. C. Montflorence, gentleman," leased the Sulphur 
 Spring Salt Works, and did quite a flourishing business in those 
 days. 
 
 We must not omit to mention that in 1785, the first physician made 
 his appearance, in the person of Dr. John Sappington, who com- 
 pounded pills, covering them with mystery and a coat of sugar, and 
 they were extensively known as " Sappington's Pills." 
 
 In 1786 Edward Douglas and Thomas Mulloy announced that they 
 would practice law in all the courts in Davidson county. They were 
 men of sound practical sense, and of good business talent, but had 
 never studied law as a science. A few pamphlet laws of North 
 Carolina were all the law books which were in the county for 
 several years. These gentlemen were good talkers, and soon had 
 clients. 
 
 Another licensed tavern was soon opened, and in 1787 there were 
 about half a dozen framed and log houses, and twenty or thirty cabins. 
 Tavern rates were established by law, as follows : " One-half pint of 
 whisky, such as will sink talloio, two shillings ; bowl of toddy, made 
 with loaf sugar and whisky, three shillings and sixpence; one quart 
 bowl punch, with fruit, ten shillings; dinner and grog, four shillings 
 and sixpence." Corn was ordered to be received for taxes, at two 
 
24 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 shillings per bushel ; good fat bear meat, if delivered where troops were 
 stationed, fourpence per pound; prime buffalo beef, threepence; good 
 venison, if delivered as aforesaid, ninepence; dried beef, sixpence; salt, 
 two shillings fourpence per pound. 
 
 In 1787, the twenty-six one-acre lots which had been sold for four 
 pounds each, North Carolina currency, were taxed at one dollar each ; 
 total, twerdy-six dollars! This was the first assessment of real estate; 
 and the principal property-holders were, the Boyds, Bosleys, Buchan- 
 ans, Blakemore, Cartwright, Carr, Conrad, Clarke, Donelson, Drake, 
 Dunham, Ewing, Espey, Elliott, Foster, Frazer, Guise, Gillespie, 
 Hogan, Hay,Heaton, Hays, Hornberger, Loggans, Lanier, Lancaster, 
 McFarland, Mayfield, Molloy, Menees, Manifee, Neely, Nevill, Price, 
 Pirtle, Payne, Robertson, Ramsey, Stuart, Shaw, Shannon, Stump, 
 Shelby, Thompson, Titns, Todd, Walker, Wells and Williams. The 
 McGavocks, purchased, in 1788-90. Colonel Edmund Weakley, the 
 Hydes, Hoopers and others, appear on the tax list in 1789 ; and so 
 does " Jordan River." 
 
 Among those who "subscribed" for town lots about this time, 
 was "J. C. Montflorence, gentleman," who was believed to be a 
 French Spy. In order to cover his operations, however, he traded in 
 land, gave dinners and wine parties generously, talked politics know- 
 ingly, gallanted ladies handsomely, circulated extensively, and flou- 
 rished a la mode. His " long residence in Europe," and the position 
 he occupied near the American Commissioners, his connection with 
 Governor Davis, of South Carolina, and his extensive general informa- 
 tion and fine conversational powers, made him a welcome guest at the 
 houses of Robertson, Smith, Bledsoe, Menees, Price, Ewing, Mont- 
 gomery and others. He was a decided character, a real "Johnny 
 Crapeau," and as a matter of course, attracted a good deal of atten- 
 tion in this " lodge in the vast wilderness." 
 
 In 1788 the Constitution of the United States, which had been 
 adopted by ten States, was voted upon by this settlement and almost 
 unanimously rejected. 
 
 During this year black Bobb (as his name appears) opened a tavern 
 and for several years kept the most aristocratic hotel in the place. Seve- 
 ral others soon after opened ordinaries, or houses of entertainment. 
 
 On the 12th of January, 1789, Andrew Jackson was admitted as 
 an attorney at law and licensed to practice in the courts of Davidson 
 county. 
 
 In 1789 North Carolina adopted the Constitution. The State of 
 Franklin arose in East Tennessee, and then expired, and all hands 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NASHVILLE. 25 
 
 wheeled into line as members of the confederacy of States. But in 
 1790, North Carolina ceded to the United States all their claims to 
 lands west of the line beginning on the extreme height of Stone Moun- 
 tain, where Virginia intersects it, etc.; and the country went into a 
 territorial form of government with the express provision however, 
 that Congress should not intermeddle with the institution of slavery. 
 President Washington appointed William Blount Governor of the 
 Territory, and he took up his residence near Washington Court-house, 
 between the Holston and French Broad Rivers, in East Tennessee. 
 He entered oh his duties with energy, and made excellent appoint- 
 ments, and among them, John Donelson as Justice of the Peace for 
 Davidson county. Mero District extended up and down the Cum- 
 berland, from east to west, about 85 miles ; and the extreme width, 
 from north to south, did not exceed 25 miles ; and the population of 
 the entire district, at this period, was about 7,000, all told, men, wo- 
 men and children, white and black. The number of men able to 
 bear arms, numbered only 1,000 or 1,200. 
 
 In 1790 President Washington signed the commission appointing 
 Donelson a Major-General of the United States, for the District of 
 Mero, in the territory south of the Ohio. The office of District At- 
 torney was intrusted to Andrew Jackson, Esq. 
 
 1791-92-93 were noted for Indian murders, horse-stealing, etc., and 
 the retaliation on the part of the whites. A good crop of corn was 
 raised in '92, especially by the McGavocks, at Freeland's Station, 
 north of the city, and it sold for a handsome price. About 50 whites 
 were killed in the settlement in '93, among whom were some of the 
 best settlers. In 1794 the Territorial Legislature convened at Knox- 
 ville, and the State of Tennessee went into operation two years after, 
 having its headquarters at the same place — its admittance into the 
 Union occurring in June, 1796. 
 
 In 1796 the first church was erected in Nashville, on the Public 
 Square, near the Court-house, jail and stocks. It was known as the 
 Methodist Church, but was torn down or removed in 1807 or 1808. 
 A few business houses, and one small one of brick, went up in 1796 ; 
 and the first fire occurred in this year, the flames destroying Captain 
 Williams' and Black's stores, in which were many papers, public and 
 private. 
 
 By An Act of the General Assembly of Tennessee, passed April 23, 
 1796, Howell Tatom, Richard Cross, William Tate and William 
 Black, were appointed Trustees, in addition to those before mentioned, 
 and the town was ordered to be re-surveyed ; also, they were empow- 
 
26 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 ered to sell a number of town-lots, and the moneys arising therefrom 
 were used in building the district jail and stocks for the District of 
 Mero. 
 
 In 1796, or '97, Thomas Bailey, an Englishman, reached Nash- 
 ville from Natchez, passing through these Western wilds on a tour of 
 observation, and as we learn from the first volume of Parton^s Life of 
 Jackson, afterward became an astronomer of note, and was the 
 founder and first President of the Royal Astronomical Society, at 
 London. 
 
 In May, 1797, three young Frenchmen arrived in Nashville, who 
 attracted a good deal of attention, and afforded the greatest joy to old 
 Monsier De Mon Breun. They were brothers and sons of the Duke 
 of Orleans, and the eldest was subsequently Louis Phillipe, King of 
 France. They left here in a canoe, descended the Cumberland, 
 whether to St. Louis or New Orleans it is not known. But just think 
 of it, we of an advanced metropolitan age, these " sprigs of royalty " 
 — this King of France — paddling down the Cumberland in a " crazy 
 old dug-out," for it was said : 
 
 "They came astraddle, 
 Riding badly, 
 And went with paddle, 
 Looking sa^ly, 
 
 In their bark canoe." 
 
 In 1801 the town was placed under the government of an Intend- 
 ant and six Commissioners, and a law was passed by the General As- 
 sembly, November 10th, authorizing them to levy a tax to build a 
 market-house, and also provided that it was unlawful for negroes to 
 hire their time, or keep tippling houses; prevented encroachment on 
 the streets or burials in the public square, (!) authorized the appoint- 
 ment of a surveyor, etc.; to do which they were authorized " to lay a 
 tax annually, not exceeding on each hundred dollars worth of town 
 property which they are to estimate, fifty cents ; on each black poll, 
 not exceeding one dollar ; on each billiard table (!) not exceeding five 
 dollars." Water street, now Front, was opened this year, as was also 
 a number of other thoroughfares. 
 
 In 1804 the population of Nashville was 400. The Legislature 
 this year, authorized the opening of a well on the public square ; 
 also, the drawing of a lottery for the extension of the north-eastern 
 boundary of the lots on Water street to the Cumberland river. 
 
 On the 29th day of May, 1865, Aaron Burr arrived in Nashville, 
 and was the guest of General Jackson. A public dinner was given 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NASHVIIvLE. 27 
 
 him, and he was honored and toasted by every one. He came again 
 on the 16th of August of the same year, and had great attention paid 
 him, and was again the guest of General Jackson. But when his 
 schemes began to be developed, his name became odious, and he was 
 burned in effigy by the citizens in the fall of 1806. 
 
 In 1806 the town was incorporated, and the following officers were 
 elected : Joseph Coleman, Mayor ; John Anderson, Recorder ; John 
 Deatheredge, High Constable ; and James Hennen, Geo. M.Deaderick, 
 John Dickinson, Robert Searcy, Jos. T. Elliston and James King, 
 Aldermen. 
 
 A newspaper was started here during this year, called the " Im- 
 partial Review and Cumberland Repository," which, we believe, w'as 
 the first paper printed at this place. 
 
 This year, too, a fierce war was going on between General Jackson 
 and his friends, and Charles Dickinson and others, which led to a 
 duel between these two prominent gentlemen, who went across the 
 Kentucky line, beyond the Red River, to fight. Mr. Dickinson was 
 killed, and General Jackson wounded. Great excitement prevailed. 
 
 From this time on, matters and incidents grow and accumulate 
 so fast, that we shall have to confine ourself to a running account 
 
 of events. 
 
 In 1810 the population was 1,100. At the call of the War De- 
 partment, thousands in this State volunteered for the war against 
 Great Britain, and from their ready patriotism and willingness, to 
 serve in the service of their country, gained for their State a soub- 
 riquet, by which she is ever after known, viz.; " The Volunteer 
 
 State." 
 
 In 1812 the second session of the Legislature assembled here. Its 
 
 previous meetings had been at Knoxville, where the Constitution 
 
 was framed. 
 
 In 1813 the celebrated fight between Jackson and Hays and the 
 
 Benton's, (Thomas and Jesse), took place at the City Hotel, which 
 was then on the spot it now occupies. The Post Office was then a 
 little south of the hotel on the Square, and the Nashville Inn occu- 
 pied by the Inn Block, used by Evans, Fite, Porter & Co., Gardner, 
 Buckner & Co., and other firms, as wholesale dry goods houses. 
 
 On the 1st of September, 1814, General James Robertson, the 
 founder of Nashville and the Father of Tennessee, died at the 
 Chickasaw Agency, in West Tennessee, universally regretted. His 
 remains were interred there, but in 1825, were removed to the Nash- 
 ville City Cemetery, where they now rest. A large concourse of 
 
28 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 people attended the funeral, and an eloquent oration and just tri- 
 bute was paid him by the Honorable Judge Haywood. A plain 
 tomb-stone covers the spot where sleeps this bold pioneer of the 
 Cumberland, and by his side now rest the remains of his beloved 
 wife, who died June 11th, 1843. 
 
 A campaign against the Creek Indians had been going on, and of 
 course Tennessee volunteers were numerous; and in fact, when sol- 
 diers were wanted, the Secretary of War had only to say the word, 
 and Tennesseans flocked to their country's standard in large numbers. 
 Frequently one-third of her whole military force was in the field. 
 The volunteers returned from a campaign in May, 1814, and a din- 
 ner was given to them at the Bell Tavern, (so called on account of 
 the large bell the proprietor used in calling the guests to their meals,) 
 and Felix Grundy delivered an address of welcome, which was re- 
 sponded to by General Jackson, on behalf of the volunteers. The 
 subsequent march to New Orleans, and its 8th of January battle, are 
 matters of history well known to every reader. 
 
 In 1816 the Nashville Female Academy was incorporated, and 
 continued up to the breaking out of the late civil war, perhaps the 
 most popular and extensive institution for female education in the 
 South. It numbered among its Presidents some of the most distin- 
 guished educators of America ; but none more so than its last chief, 
 Rev. Charles D. Elliott. The Old Academy has a bright record for the 
 past, and hundreds, mayhap thousands, of its accomplished graduates 
 are now filling, and have filled, posts of honor and stations of dis- 
 tinction throughout almost every State of the Union. Many of the 
 mothers of statesmen, soldiers, editors, lawyers, doctors, poets and 
 gentlemen of honor, of the present generation, here in the Old Acade- 
 my building, on Church street, had the seed-ground of their intellects 
 cultivated, that has resulted in such bountiful fruition. 
 
 The first book ever printed in Nashville was "Clarke's Miscellany, 
 in Prose and Verse," which appeared in 1816. 
 
 During 1816 the General Assembly removed their sittings from 
 Nashville, to Knoxville, and subsequently to Murfreesboro, in 1819. 
 
 In the Spring of 1818, the people of Nashville hailed the arrival 
 of the first steamboat at their port. It was named the " General 
 Jackson," was 110 tons burden, and was built at Pittsburg for Gen- 
 eral Wm. Carroll. Subsequently General Carroll sold his boat for 
 133,000 to Messrs. Fletcher, Young & Marr. Freight, from here to 
 New Orleans, was then only five cents per hundred. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OP NASHVILLE. 29 
 
 In the course of two or three years, the steamboat business in- 
 creased considerably, wharves were built, commission and forwarding 
 houses opened, and llie place began to put on "city airs." The pio- 
 neer boat "General Jackson" was snagged and sunk in Harpeth 
 Shoals, June 20th, 1821. The steamers "General Robertson," 
 "Rifleman," " James Ross," "Fayette," "Feliciana," and "Cum- 
 berland," were plying the river, but the latter boat exploded near 
 Eddyville, May 3d, 1821, by which six or seven lives were lost. 
 
 President Monroe arrived in Nashville on Sunday evening, the 
 6th of June, 1819, and was the guest of General Jackson, as was 
 also Major-General E. P. Gaines, at that time. The President came 
 to tow^n on Wednesday following, in company with Jackson and 
 Gaines, and a large company of citizens met them on College Hill, 
 (now part of South Nashville), where addresses of welcome were de- 
 livered by Wilkins Tannehill, Esq., on the part of the Masonic Fra- 
 ternity, and by Col. Williamson, on behalf of the military. He was 
 escorted to the residence of Ephraim H. Foster, Esq., (then Mayor 
 of the City,) where John H. Eaton welcomed the distinguished guest 
 on behalf of the City of Nashville, to all of which Mr. Monroe re- 
 plied. A public dinner was given, and a ball at night. The Presi- 
 sident took his departure on the 11th, through Kentucky, accomjja- 
 nied by General Jackson, as far as the residence of Col. Richard M. 
 Johnson, of that State. 
 
 The store of Thomas Deaderick (after whom Deaderick street is 
 now called) was robbed of several thousand dollars worth of goods 
 in May, 1820. This, we believe, w^as the first robbery, of the kind, 
 that ever occurred in Nashville, and was the town-talk for months 
 after. 
 
 In 1819-20, a financial panic occurred. The Farmer's and Me- 
 chanic's Bank of Nashville was forced to suspend specie payments on 
 the 18th of June, 1819, which example was followed by the Nash- 
 ville Bank on the 2 2d, and by the Bank of Tennessee on the 29th of 
 June. The troubles continued, and to such an extent that Governor 
 McMinn convened the Legislature at Murfreesboro, then the seat of 
 government, in 1820, at which called session, the Bank of the State 
 of Tennessee was chartered, with a capital of one million dollars, and 
 with a branch at Knoxville. The Bank went into operation on the 
 14th of October, 1820, but it met with considerable opposition — its 
 opponents declaring that it was a swindling concern, and this made 
 matters worse instead of better. But its friends were enthusiastic and 
 hopeful, and a twenty dollar note of its issue being put up at auction, 
 
30 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 in the town of Carthage, to be sold for silver, was knocked down at 
 five per cent. j)remium. 
 
 The steamboat " Rifleman," arrived at this port on the 15th of 
 May, 1821, from New Orleans, making the quick lime of thirty days! 
 
 In 1825 there were from fifteen to twenty steamboats running from 
 Nashville to New Orleans, Louisville and Pittsburg. They were all 
 small boats, ranging from thirty -five to two hundred tons burden ; 
 besides several keel-boats of about the same capacity. 
 
 General Jja^Fayette, son and suite, arrived here by river on the 4th of 
 May, 1825, and were received with the greatest demonstrations of joy. 
 An immense procession was formed, the streets were decorated with 
 arches of evergreens, and patriotic mottoes were inscribed upon them. 
 The General landed on the grounds of Major William B. Lewis, 
 above the water-works, where General Jackson and a number of citi- 
 zens received him, and Governor Carroll addressed him in behalf of 
 the State, tendering him a welcome to Tennessee. The procession, 
 with the military, escorted him into the city, where Robert B. Curry, 
 Esq., the Mayor, addressed him in behalf of the city, and tendered 
 him its freedom and hospitality. The joy of the people knew no 
 bounds, and General Lafayette ever after spoke of his reception in 
 Nashville as one of the most pleasant events of his life. He was 
 taken to the residence of Dr. Boyd McNairy, who threw open his 
 doors to the distinguished Frenchman and his suite. The next day 
 the General went to the Masonic Hall, where he received the ladies of 
 Nashville in that polite and cordial manner for which he was remark- 
 able. A public dinner was given him at the Nashville Inn, at which 
 General Jackson acted as President, assisted by George W. Camp- 
 bell, Henry M. Rutledge, John Somerville, and Felix Grundy, as 
 Vice Presidents. Monsieur Timothy De MonBreun was at this din- 
 ner, and was toasted by Col. Andrew Hynes, as the patriarch of Ten- 
 nessee, and the first white man that settled in the country. General 
 Lafayette visited the Grand Lodge of Tennessee, the Royal Arch 
 Chapter, and the Masonic Fraternity generally, and was welcomed by 
 Wilkins Tannehill, Esq., as a friend and brother. A collation was 
 furnished on the occasion, and all hands had a " good time generally." 
 Before his departure, the General called on Mrs. Jackson, Mrs. Lit- 
 tlefield, (the daughter of his old companion and friend. General 
 Greene, of Revolutionary memory). Governor Wm. Carroll, Rev. Dr. 
 Philip Lindsley, and others. In 1825 over one million dollars worth 
 of cotton were exported from this port. 
 
 The city was divided ofi" into six wards in 1826. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NASHVILLE. 31 
 
 A terrible freshet occurred in 1826, caused by heavy rains, and the 
 Cumberland was high up over its banks. 
 
 In 1829-30, the physicians of Nashville commenced using for the 
 first time, quinine in fevers, and Dr. Felix Robertson was the first 
 to make such use of it — so runs the record. 
 
 The Union Bank of Tennessee was chartered in 1832, and went 
 into operation in 1833. The Planter's Bank was chartered in 1833, 
 and organized in 1834, with E. B. Littlefield as President, and Nicho- 
 las Hobson as Cashier. The Penitentiary was built in 1830-31. The 
 Lunatic Asylum was built in 1833-34, on an elevated spot, south of 
 Vauxhall Garden — which said Vauxhall Garden was, in that day, 
 "the place" of public resort, where all the public dinners, political 
 and social gatherings, etc., were held. It was kept by John Decker, 
 afterward of the firm of Decker & Dyer, and was a fashionable re- 
 sort. 
 
 A high state of political excitement existed here in 1832, on the 
 the subject of nullification. Mr. Calhoun's position, backed by the 
 State of South Carolina, where secession was openly avowed, created 
 an excitement in Tennessee, as well as throughout the Union, seldom 
 equalled. A great Union meeting was held here on the 29th of De- 
 cember, 1832. Hon. Ephraim H. Foster, called the meeting to or- 
 der, and nominated Governor William Carroll as Chairman, which 
 met the unanimous consent of the meeting. John P. Erwin and 
 Allen A. Hall, were chosen Secretaries. Dr. Samuel Hogg offered 
 the preamble and resolutions, (strong and to the point), and they were 
 enthusiastically adopted after speeches from William G. Hunt, O. B. 
 Hayes, and others. 
 
 The steamboat " Lady Jackson," 200 tons burden, was built at 
 our lower wharf, and launched on the 4th of August, 1832. The 
 water-works was established in 1832, an historical account 'of which, 
 as well as of many other public buildings, institutions, etc., in the 
 city, we will embrace elsewhere. 
 
 The city received a wonderful impetus in the way of business and 
 progress in every department during the years 1832-33. Substan- 
 tial steps forward were made in trade and commerce, in literature and 
 in the fine arts. 
 
 Duncan Robertson, Esq., who came to Nashville in 1806, died May 
 1st, 1833, aged 63 years. He was, perhaps, one of the most generous, 
 philanthropic and benevolent men that ever lived here. The citizens 
 erected a monument over his grave, from which we copy this sen- 
 tence from a lengthy inscription : " In the dungeon of the forsaken 
 
32 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 prisoner, at the bedside of the wretched and friendless, and in 
 the abode of poverty and distress, was he almost constantly found. 
 In imitation of his Divine Master, he literally went about doing 
 good." 
 
 The people of Tennessee having, by vote, decided to call a Conven- 
 tion to revise the Constitution of the State, the Convention convened 
 in this city on the 19th of May, 1834 — Francis B. Fogg and Robert 
 Weakley being the members for this county. While the Convention 
 was in session. General Jackson visited the city, and accepted a public 
 dinner which was tendered him. A good deal of partisan feeling was 
 exhibited at this meeting — the exciting question being " Bank or no 
 Bank." 
 
 The steamer " John Randolph" was destroyed by fire, at our wharf, 
 on the 1 6th of March, 1836, by which three lives were lost, all slaves, 
 one of whom was a pilot, and who remained at his post until the rope 
 burnt and the boat became unmanageable. The " Randolph" took 
 fire before landing; the flames spread rapidly; but the boat touched 
 the wharf, and afterward swung out into the stream, and burnt to the 
 water's edge, in sight of nearly the entire population of the place, 
 the amount of freight lost was valued at over two hundred thousand 
 dollars. The " Randolph" was owned by J. & R. Yeatman & Co., 
 and was the largest boat on our waters, and the pride of our port. 
 
 The House of Industry for Females, was established in 1837. 
 
 A great financial revulsion occurred in 1837, which caused a sus- 
 pension of specie payments by our banks, and a considerable depre- 
 ciation in the price of real estate. A number of citizens left the city 
 and State, a few for the North-western States, but the larger number 
 for Texas, which was then the great "attraction" for people of 
 " broken-down fortunes," and for everybody that was dissatisfied with 
 his home in the States. Nashville suffered severely this year, both in 
 wealth and population. A majority of those who removed were in 
 debt, some of them hopelessly insolvent, while a few simply desired to 
 better their conditions. 
 
 The Hon. John Catron, of Nashville, received his appointment as 
 one of the Supreme Judges of the United States, in 1837. 
 
 The Independent Order of Odd Fellows made their first public pa- 
 rade in I^ashville on the 1st of June, 1840. 
 
 The Whig Convention assembled here on the 17th of August, 
 1840, and was very largely attended. The political contest of this 
 year was known as the "log cabin and hard cider campaign," and 
 excitement ran high. Henry Clay and John J. Crittenden were here, 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NASHVILLE.* 33 
 
 and Mr. Clay partook of tliQ. hospitalities of Dr. Boyd McNairy while 
 here. During the Summer and Autumn the " Harrison Guards," the 
 "Nashville Blues," and the " Straightouts," rival political compa- 
 nies, the first and last of the Whig faith, and the second of the Dem- 
 ocratic, were constantly on the streets, and with the " boisterous sheep- 
 skins," made matters lively. 
 
 The Hon, Felix Grundy died at his residence in this city, on the 19th 
 of December, 1840. He had occupied various positions of honor, and 
 was once United States Senator from this State, and Attorney General 
 of the United States in Mr. Van Buren's Cabinet. He was buried in 
 the City Cemetery, with Masonic honors, and an immense concourse 
 of citizens followed his remains to the tomb. He was noted as the 
 best criminal lawyer in the South, and out of one hundred and sixty- 
 five individuals whom he defended on charges of capital offenses, only 
 one, it is said, was finally condemned and executed. His practice ex- 
 tended over several States. 
 
 In 1840, the Mayor's Court, which had been established in 1836, 
 was abolished by an act of the General Assembly. 
 
 The depredations on the Union Bank, by Thomas L. Budd, one of 
 its clerks, were developed in March, 1841. 
 
 A public meeting was held in April, 1841, in relation to the death 
 of President Harrison. C. C. Trabue was chairman, and Andrew 
 Ewing, secretary. Thomas Washington, Esq., reported the resolu- 
 tions. Funeral honors Avere performed by the " Harrison Guards," 
 (who took their name after the distinguished President and military 
 chieftain,) Captain E,. C. McNaiiy commanding, and by the citizens 
 generally. 
 
 Ex-Governor Newton Cannon, died in 1841, and his death was an- 
 nounced in appropriate terms in the United States Court, by E,. J. 
 Meigs, Esq., and in the Circuit Court of the State by Thomas Wash- 
 ington, Esq. A meeting of citizens was held, and appropriate resolu- 
 tions were passed. The Legislature then in session, adjourned to 
 attend the funeral, and Masonic services were performed at the Mc- 
 Kendree Church. The remains were conveyed to Williamson county, 
 where they were interred. 
 
 The Mechanics' Library Association was organized in 1841. A 
 dinner was given to Gov. Polk this year, at the Nashville Inn, at 
 which a number of speeches were made. 
 
 The first " Daguerreotype likenesses" taken in this city, were by an 
 artist named Moore, who stopped at Union Hall, (St. Charles Hotel,) 
 in 1841, and had quite a run of custom for a short time. 
 3 
 
34 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 The bankrupt law went into operation in the Spring of 1842: Judge 
 Morgan W. Brown presiding, and Jacob McGavock, Esq., being 
 Clerk of the District Court of the United States for Middle Tennes- 
 see. Hardin P. Bostick was appointed General Assignee. The first 
 day of the Court, thirty cases were disposed of. 
 
 The Criminal Court of Davidson County went into operation in 
 1842, Wm. K. Turner, Esq., having been elected Judge thereof, in 
 February of that year. 
 
 For several years the St. Andrew's Society and Hibernian Benevo- 
 lent Societies kept up their organizations, and had annual festivals, 
 usually attended by the Governor and other dignitaries, as invited 
 guests. The Calliopeau and other societies, flourished also about this 
 time. 
 
 Ex-President Van Buren arrived here on jMonday night, April 
 25th, 1842, on the steamer " Nashville," Captain Miller, and went 
 out to the Hermitage the next day. On Thursday, in company with 
 James K. Paulding (his traveling companion) and General Jackson, 
 Mr. Van Buren came into the city, escorted by the " Nashville Blues" 
 and a procession of citizens. A public dinner was tendered, and de- 
 clined. The Ex-President remained at the Hermitage a few days, 
 and went out to Columbia to visit Ex-Governor Polk; came back, 
 and took his departure for Lexington, Kentucky, to pay a visit to the 
 Hon. Henry Clay. 
 
 The banks, which had been in a state of suspension since 1837, re- 
 sumed specie payments in August, 1842. 
 
 A shock of an earthquake was felt at Nashville, on Wednesday 
 night, January 4th, 1843. Another shock was experienced on the 
 night of the 16th. 
 
 On Friday, February 10th, 1843, three men — Payne, Carroll and 
 Xirby — were hung for the crime of murder, south of the city (now 
 about the center of the Eighth Ward). Payne was convicted in 
 Franklin county, Carroll in White, and Kirby in Sumner county. 
 
 The steamer " City of Nashville" made the trip up from New Or- 
 leans, in May, 1843, in six days and thirteen hours. The "Talley- 
 rand," a week or two after, made it in five days and twenty-three 
 hours, and the " Nashville," putting forth all her energies, made the 
 upward trip in five days and nineteen hours. This was in June. 
 
 During the Spring of 1843 several gentlemen of distinction, visited 
 Nashville; among them Major General Edmund P. Gaines, who 
 stopped at the City Hotel ; General Robert Patterson of Philadel- 
 phia, who accepted the hospitalities of his old friend, Colonel R. H. 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NASHVILLE. 35 
 
 McEwen; Hon. Alexander Porter, United States Senator irom Lou- 
 isiana, who stopped with his friend, Major Alex. Allison. F. P. 
 Blair was at the Hermitage on a visit. Generals Gaines and Patter- 
 son reviewed the military, (the " Guards" and the " Blues,") and then 
 went out to Bellemeade, the residence of General ^\'. G. Harding, six 
 miles on the Harding Pike, where they were most hospitably enter- 
 tained. 
 
 The Fourth of July was celebrated this year with more than ordi- 
 nary animation; among other modes, the military had an encampment 
 from the 1st to the 5th, and invited the military companies from the 
 neighboring towns to join them. The Clarksville and Franklin 
 companies accepted the invitation, and the encampment (which was 
 at Walnut Grove, North Nashville) was named Camp Gaines, and 
 the following officers were appointed : General AV. G. Harding, Com- 
 mander-in-chief; Major P. C. McXairy, Aid-de-camp; Captain 
 Haynes, Adjutant General; Major Barnes, Adjutant- Major, and Dr. 
 W. D. Dorris, Surgeon. 
 
 In the Autumn of 1843, Marshal Bertrand, of France, accompanied 
 by his son, Napoleon Bertrand, and his Aid, M. Mansoe, arrived, and 
 partook of the hospitalities of Chief Justice Catron, after visting the 
 Hermitage. Marshal Bertrand, while here was called upon by Gov- 
 ernor Jones, ("Lean Jimmy,") General Carroll and General Arm- 
 strong, and, with the characteristic suavity of his people, returned 
 those visits, and enjoyed his stay in Nashville not a little. 
 
 The new Constitution, adopted in 1834, provided that the seat of 
 government should be permanently fixed during the first week of the 
 session of the General Assembly in 1843, and a good deal of interest 
 was felt on the subject. The Legislature convened on Monday, Octo- 
 ber 1st, and on Thursday the Senate voted to locate the seat of gov- 
 ernment at Kingston, and the House voted to fix it at Murfreesboro'. 
 But finally, on Saturday, October 7th, the city of Nashville was 
 agreed upon by both Houses, and became the seat of government. 
 The corporation of Nashville bought Campbell's Hill, for the State 
 House site at a cost of $30,000, which they gave to the State. 
 
 Major Henry M. Rutledge, only son of Hon. Edward Rutledge, 
 one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, died at the 
 residence of his son-in-law, Francis B. Fogg, Esq., January 20th 
 1844. The Legislature, and all the courts of law in session, ad- 
 journed to attend his funeral. Thomas Crutcher, who had been a 
 citizen here for half a centurj', died on the 8th of March, 1844, and 
 had the largest fiineral procession that had ever been seen in Nash- 
 
36 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 ville. He was a good and benevolent man, the best friend the Nash- 
 ville Female Academy ever had, and in life had occupied positions ol 
 trust and honor. Wm. McNeil, also a resident here for more than 
 half a century, died on the 21st of the same month. And the next 
 day General Wm. Carroll expired. He had lived here thirty-four 
 years, twelve of which he was Governor of the State. His military 
 services are well known to the country. A public meeting was held, 
 and resolutions adopted expressive of the feelings of his fellow-citi- 
 zens. Testimonials of respect were adopted by the Circuit Court, then 
 in session, by the trustees of the University, the directors and officers 
 of the Insurance Companies, etc. The demise of these old and es- 
 teemed citizens, following so closely one upon another, caused a pro- 
 found and melancholy sensation among our people. And to add to 
 their sorrows, the remains of Senator Porter, of Louisiana — a man 
 highly beloved in Nashville and connected with some of our best 
 families — arrived here on the 6th of April, on board the steamer 
 " Westwood," for interment in our City Cemetery. 
 
 The Tennessee Institute for the Blind, went into operation early in 
 1844. 
 
 The Presidential campaign of 1844 was characterized by an ex- 
 citement little inferior to the campaign of 1840. Each party had a 
 mass Convention here that year. Hon. Cave Johnson was the Presi- 
 dent of the Democratic Convention, and General Lewis Cass, of 
 Michigan, Hon. Mr. Mellville, of New York, and the Hon. Mr. 
 Hill and John A. McCalla, Esq., of Kentucky, were the principal 
 speakers. This Convention was held in August. The Whig Con- 
 vention was held the week following, ©f which Hon. John Bell was 
 President. Hons. S. S. Prentiss, of Mississippi, Clingman and Ray- 
 ner, of North Carolina, Marshall and Underwood, of Kentucky, Al- 
 bert Pike, of Arkansas, Randal Hunt, of New Orleans, and Judge 
 Hopkins, of Alabama, were the principal speakers. Each party 
 erected flag-poles, and their military companies were parading almost 
 daily. The contest was between Mr. Clay and Mr. Polk. Notwith- 
 standing the great excitement the election passed off in November 
 with quietude. 
 
 On the 21st of January, 1845, a fire occurred at the corner of 
 Broad and Market streets, destroying a block of stores belonging to 
 Gen. Zollicofier. 
 
 Thomas H. Fletcher, Esq., who had lived here from 1809, died of 
 apoplexy, alone in his office, on Sunday, January 12th, 1845. He 
 had been a successful lawyer ; and only on the day before his death, 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OP NASHVILLE. 37 
 
 had exerted himself to an unusual degree in a speech of two hours 
 and half, in the well-known case of the " State vs. Merchant." All 
 the courts passed resolutions of condolence. Colonel Robert Weak- 
 ley, who had occupied many important posts of honor in military and 
 civil life, and who was one of the earliest settlers of Nashville, died 
 at his residence in this county the 3d of February, 1845. 
 
 In 1845, Hon. James K. Polk, the President elect, en route from 
 his home in Maury County to Washington City to be inaugurated, 
 stopped a few days here to interchange civilities with many old 
 friends. 
 
 The great fire in Pittsburg occurred in April, 1845, and our citi- 
 zens contributed the sum of $1,162.85 to relieve the sufierers. 
 
 The artist, Heally, sent here by the King of France, (Louis Phil- 
 ippe), to paint the portrait of General Jackson, completed his work 
 at the Hermitage, in May, 1845, and the picture was on exhibition for 
 several days at the residence of one of our prominent citizens. 
 
 General Andrew Jackson died on Sunday evening, June 8th, 1845, 
 and various meetings were held on the subject. General Sam Hous- 
 ton, of Texas, arrived here the same day, but reached the Hermitage 
 after the death of his distinguished friend. A large number of our 
 citizens attended the burial of the war-worn patriot, soldier and 
 statesman, at the Hermitage. 
 
 The corner-stone of the Capitol was laid on the 4tli of July, 1845, 
 with imposing ceremonies. 
 
 The Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad was "on the stocks " this 
 year, and engrossed considerable attention. The progress of the city 
 in buildings and improvements, was marked and general — about one 
 hundred houses were erected, including two churches and one hotel. 
 
 General Robert Armstrong, who had been postmaster here from 
 1829 to 1845, gave up the office, having been appointed Consul at Liv- 
 erpool, by President Polk. 
 
 The war with Mexico commenced in 1846, and the Nashville Blues, 
 the Harrison Guards and Texas Volunteers, (military companies,) 
 promptly tendered their services to the Governor. The Guards had 
 previously disbanded, but Captain R. C. Foster, 3d, reorganized his 
 company in an hour, and immediately reported themselves to the 
 Governor. Military companies all over the State did the same thing; 
 and it soon became apparent that not half of those offering their ser- 
 vices could be accepted, as the War Department at Washington only 
 called for 50,000 men in the whole Union. In Nashville, the " Har- 
 rison Guards" and the "Blues" considered themselves highly favored 
 
38 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. - 
 
 by being accepted. These companies embraced many of the noblest 
 young men of the city. General B. F. Cheatham was captain of the 
 Blues. They were mustered into service on the 28th of May, their 
 services having been tendered ten days previously. Twelve com- 
 panies assembled here ; and at an election for regimental officers of this 
 First Regiment Tennessee Volunteers, General Wm. B. Campbell, 
 of Smith county, was elected Colonel-Commandant, Captain Samuel 
 R. Anderson was elected Lieutenant-Colonel, being then of Sumner 
 county. R. B. Alexander, of Sumner, and Major Farquharson, of 
 Lincoln, were elected first and second Majors. The Senior Class of 
 the Nashville Female Academy presented a splendid battle-flag to the 
 regiment in the presence of the whole command and of an immense 
 concourse of citizens, in front of the Academy. The PresidAit of 
 the institution. Rev. Dr. Elliott, made an address on behalf of the 
 Senior Class, after which Miss Laura M. Taylor presented the flag, ac- 
 companied by an address, to which General Campbell responded on 
 behalf of the volunteers. This flag went through the war — was the 
 first American flag hoisted as a signal of victory on the heights of 
 Monterey, and came back after the war "tattered and torn by bul- 
 lets," and returned to the Academy. A few years since, Rev. C. D. 
 Elliott presented this flag to the Historical Society of Tennessee in 
 the presence of an immense assemblage at Watkins' Groye, (in the 
 western portion of the city), and it is now, we believe, in the posses- 
 sion of the Society at the Capitol. The additional lustre shed upon 
 the military character of Tennessee by their chivalrous conduct in the 
 Mexican war, is well known to every one. The first regiment sus- 
 tained such losses in battle and fought so bravely, that it was ever 
 after known as the " Bloody First." 
 
 Major Joseph Norvell, who established the " Nashville Whig," 
 (the father of the present " Nashville Republican Banner"), in 1812, 
 in connection with his brother, Moses Norvell, and who was for seve- 
 ral years City Treasurer and Past-Grand Master of the Masonic 
 Grand Lodge of Tennessee, died January 7th, 1847. 
 
 A meeting for the relief of the starving population of Ireland, 
 was held here in the Spring of 1847, and upwards of $3,600 con- 
 tributed. 
 
 A freshet in the Cumberland River, occurred in March, 1847, and 
 another in December of the same year, which caused a good deal of 
 suffering among the poor who lived on inundated territory. The 
 March rise was two feet higher than the freshet of 1842, and almost 
 as high as that of 1826. The December freshet was twenty inches 
 
HISTORICAL 8KETCH OF NASHVILLE. 39 
 
 highor than in 182G, and as rej)orted, jiftij feet above lo\v-\vatf,'r 
 mark. The water ooniruenced ri^-ing on Thursday, the 17th, and 
 continued to rise for upward of a week, the weather being cold and 
 snow falling alternately with rain. The water extended up Broad 
 street to Messrs. Pilcher & Porterfi eld's, and covered the lower floor 
 of that building. The front lower floor of Messrs. Johnson & Smith's 
 warehouse, corner Broad and Market streets, was ten inches under 
 water, while two steamboats were afloat within twenty feet of Yeat- 
 mau & Armistead's warehouse, near the same locality. It was du- 
 ring this freshet that a steamboat, in ascending the river, passed over 
 the Gallatin Pike, beyond where the piers of the old bridge now 
 stand. After the river commenced falling, three men, in attempting 
 to pass over to what is now E<lgefleld, were washed off the pike, fully 
 a hundred yards from the bridge, and two of them drowned. A 
 large ^mount of corn cribbed in the Cumberland bottoms for exporta- 
 tion, was shipped without bills of lading, being swept off with 
 stock, fences and out-houses. The damage done by this freshet was 
 immense. All the roads and approaches to Nashville wers submerged 
 exc«pt two. A good deal of distress among the poor of the city fol- 
 lowed this freshet, and the Mayor (Alex. Allison) and Aldermen were 
 kept busy alleviating the suffering and homeless people. When it is 
 stated that more than 100 families were compelled to leave their 
 homes, and to seek refuge wherever they could, the reader can form 
 some idea of the suffering that resulted from this memorable freshet. 
 Several high rises in the Cumberland have occurred at diff'erent pe- 
 riods since, but none that would at all compare with that of Decem- 
 ber, 1847. 
 
 In May, 1847, about twenty tenement housas were destroyed by 
 fire on the corner of Church and Market streets and vicinity. 
 
 The corner stone of the Odd Fellow's Hall (now New Theatre) 
 was laid with imposing ceremonies, July 4th, 1847. 
 
 On the 12th of October, 1847, a powder-magazine, situated west of 
 Capitol Hill, was struck by lightning and exploded, by which four 
 persons were killed outright and a large number wounded, several 
 mortally. Some fifty houses were demolished or rendered unfit for 
 use, and the destruction of window-glass throughout the city and in 
 the suburbs, was immense. 
 
 A large number of stables and out-houses were burned by incendia- 
 ries in 1847, and the firemen were constantly on duty during the 
 Spring and Autumn. 
 
 The Historical Society of Tennessee was established May 1st, 1849, 
 
40 NASHVILLE AND HEE TRADE. 
 
 and is now a regular depository of public documents, by an act of 
 Congress. By the action of our General Assembly, the room in the 
 Capitol at present occupied by the Supreme Court, is to be appropria- 
 ted to the use of the Society, after being vacated by the Court, which 
 will be done when the Custom-house is erected. The effects of the 
 Society, in case of its dissolution, go to the State of Tennessee. 
 
 Hon. James K. Polk, the tenth President of the United States, 
 died at his residence, in this city, on the 15th of June, 1849, and was 
 placed in the vault at the City Cemetery, with Masonic ceremonies. 
 The cholera prevailed here at the time; but, nevertheless, a very large 
 assemblage attended to pay a tribute of respect to their deceased fel- 
 low-citizen. 
 
 January' 20th,' 1850, the elegant side-wheel steamer. City of Nash- 
 ville, arrived at our port, and from her beauty of build and capacity, 
 created quite a stir in the city. The Republican Banner of January 
 21st, says: '' Her size causes a wonder at the progression the West is 
 making in supplying means for the transit of freight and passen- 
 gers." 
 
 The Nashville Gas-light Company began its operations this year. 
 
 The Tennessee Historical Society was chartered Februar}* 1st, 
 1850. 
 
 The railroad iron purchased in Europe for the Nashville and Chat- 
 tanooga Railroad, arrived this year. 
 
 The "Old Theater" on Cherry street, was built during 1850, and 
 was first occupied July 1st. It was owned by a stock company who 
 elected as the first directory the following gentlemen : Hon. M. W. 
 Brown, Hugh Kirkman, Esq., S. R. Cockrill, Esq., Col. J. P. AV. 
 Brown, Dr. J. W. Percy, Jas. Ellis, Esq., Sam. Pritchitt, Esq., E. G. 
 Eastman, Esq., and Alex. Mackenzie, Esq. The first Manager was 
 Mr. John Green. 
 
 Ex-Governor Neill S. Brown, of Nashville, was appointed Minis- 
 ter to Russia, by President Taylor, in February, 1850, and left for 
 the scene of his labors the May following. 
 
 March 16, 1850, the " Davidson County Agricultural, Horticultu- 
 ral, Mechanical and Artists' Society," was formed. 
 
 South Nashville was incorporated as a separate and distinct muni- 
 cipality, April 1850. It was known at that time, if we mistake not, 
 as South Field." 
 
 The first Suspension Bridge over the Cumberland was built during 
 1850, under the supervision of Mr. M. D. Field, brother to Cyrus 
 
HISTORICAL SKETCH OF NASH^'ILLE. 41 
 
 "W. Field, of cable notoriety. The architect was the late General A. 
 Heiman, of this citv. 
 
 On the night of the 5th of May, the steamer James Dick, loaded 
 for New Orleans, with cotton, tobacco, bacon, etc., burned to the 
 water's edge, while lying at the lower wharf. Loss, almost total. 
 
 The Protestant Orphan Asylum was built in '50. 
 
 The remains of ex-President Polk were interred on his own grounds, 
 at Polk Place, in front of his mansion. Vine street, May 22, 1850, 
 with solemn and impressive ceremonies. 
 
 The cholera prevailed at Xashville to an alarming extent, in June 
 and Julv, 1850. 
 
 Thus we have brought the records of our city — in a rude and an 
 imperfect manner, though it be — down to a period within the remem- 
 brance of almost even our younger citizens. In a place whose "birth 
 and Spring time" carry us back nearly a century — to the days of the 
 American Revolution — there are necessarily many events of greater, 
 or less importance, that deserve to be commemorated. Xo city of 
 equal age can present a fairer or more interesting account of the 
 past than Xashville: none who has been more prolific in men who 
 have been eminent in their time and generation; and not one has 
 been so fortunate in inspiring that species of affection which mani- 
 fests itself in the propagation of truth, of honor, and virtue, or in 
 culling and preserving, as a labor of love, the features and memori- 
 als of times gone by. The venerable and lamented Col. Putnam, in 
 his Misfory of Middle Terinessee, has done much in preserving the 
 lineaments and characteristics of what maybe called the "olden 
 time," of Xashville ; and our Historical Society — to say nothing of 
 the efforts of a nmnber of distinguished writers, who have accumu- 
 lated papers, and disquisitions upon almost every conceivable subject 
 — has not been unmindful of the annals of our people. 
 
 The Past of this City, therefore, has been well cared for; its histo- 
 rical incidents are preserved in its own, and in the annals of our 
 country; the fame of its great men will survive "fresh in eternal 
 youth." From her genial clime and hospitable portals she has dis- 
 patched to the world a legion of bright and brilliant minds; mer- 
 chants who have traded to all lands and seas ; physicians who have 
 held high rank in the medical world; ministers who have heralded 
 the tidings of future glory, to " earth's remotest nation," endured the 
 gloom of the prison, and the fires of persecution for principles sake; 
 twice have her sons worn the Executive wreath of the American Ee- 
 
42 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 public, whilst Gubernatorial, Judiciary, Legislative, and Foreign 
 Ministry laurels have clustered thick about her brow in the "olden 
 time and golden." Her Bar, too, has ever been graced by gen- 
 tlemen of marked ability, high character and not unknown to fame; 
 while her soldiers, have they not distinguished themselves where'er 
 their falchions gleamed ? They met the dusky warriors here while 
 pioneers to our City ; stood with "Old Hickory," their fellow towns- 
 man, before the proud battalions of Britain at New Orleans ; followed 
 the eagle in its flight across the Gulf, until it perched high o'er the 
 historic towers of the Montezumas ; and shall a spirit of false modesty 
 teach us to forget the gallant souls, that, from the bosom of her best 
 and proudest families, were offered as sacrifices to the great fratrtri- 
 cidal war-god on the bloody, storm-rent fields of the South ? No, for 
 the record of their deeds forms an unforgotten page in her glorious 
 history, and the winds of heaven never wafted to the portals of Para- 
 dise more chivalric breath, than which flowed from their noble hearts 
 when the red current of life was let out. 
 
 These, then, are her records. These, the endearments of society 
 and the charms of mutual sisterhood, Nashville possesses with the 
 South. We do not attempt, in detail, to argue her political course, 
 nor insist on the justification of all her actions. Let the two last de- 
 cades, the events of which are fresh in the memory of every one, 
 give illustration of the efforts of her citizens. From the days when 
 secession was first agitated, down to the firing of the signal gun at 
 Sumter, liberal, charitable, and conservative, were their views. 
 But, when the cannon-boom and roll of drum, and flutter of banners 
 in the breeze had fired the Southern heart, and their ominous sounds 
 spoke of fratricidal war in the beautiful everglades and savannahs of 
 the Sunny Land, then did the martial cry reverberate from her rug- 
 ged hills ; then, like the brave men that they are, did they stand by 
 their honest convictions, with their swords unsheathed, their lives in 
 their hands, until the close. The scenes of carnage and of strife, 
 were transferred to her border territory, and the hitherto peaceful 
 and happy homes were converted into battle grounds, ploughed by 
 the death-dealing missiles, drenched with the gore of her boys, and 
 covered with the bodies of her slain. Where'er the "Cross of Bars" 
 and the " Banner of Stars " together swept, swift as the gale and ter- 
 rible as the storm, they went like men, and many of their comrades 
 now sleep, where the flag of the Southron needed friends. These 
 scenes were not far distant from the City; but those same "far-off 
 hills that now skirt her suburbs," in the memorable month of De- 
 cember, 1864, bristled with cannon and gleamed with the bayonets of 
 
NASHVILLE AS IT APPEARS IN 1870. 43 
 
 the contending hosts. Daylight witnessed the clash of arms, and 
 night, with its ghost-like shadows, brought the dread rumble of ar- 
 tillery, and the groans of the mangled. Her hills were frowning 
 fortresses; her valleys vast encampments, peopled by legions of sol- 
 diery; her spacious store-houses, and elegant mansions, were con- 
 verted into supply depots, or hospitals for the wounded. The 
 war closed, and those who survived the struggle, came home, to find 
 in their City many desolate homesteads and empty store-rooms, a 
 large portion of her productive means turned to waste, the extension 
 of her exports impeded, and the City left with a ruinous burden in 
 peace. Such, was the condition of Nashville in those days. What 
 other city, tributary to this section, presents a similar record f And 
 what was the course of her people immediately subsequent? They did 
 not sit supinely down and bemoan their failure, but with tears for the 
 past, and resolute hearts for the future, quickly beat their swords 
 into ploughshares, and turned their spears into pruning hooks. Then 
 following the footsteps, and retaining the fortitude, of the great and 
 virtuous in commerce, judicature, divinity, statesmanship and war, 
 won laurels for themselves that shine brighter in the crown of their 
 fame than the fabulous Moon Stone in the brow of the Brahmin God. 
 Therefore, we again say that the past of our City has been well 
 cared for, and as a neophyte in Archaeology, we may well despair of 
 success, and devote our attention to The Present of our City, which, 
 sustained by this energy, and stimulated by this indomitable forti- 
 tude, presents with its material progress, its advances in commerce 
 and manufactures, its railroads, telegraphs, and industrial features, a 
 theme sufficiently comprehensive in itself, and voluminous enough 
 to satisfy the cacoethes scribewli of almost any writer. To these we 
 invite the closest attention, and in which we promise a faithful ac- 
 count of its growth and development; while its possibilities thus 
 foreshadowed, dazzle the mind by their marvelous variety and magni- 
 tude, leaving the calmest and most unimpassioned observer bewildered 
 in the prospect for this Metropolis of the Southwest. 
 
 Nashville as it Appears in 1870. 
 
 The City of Nashville, the county seat of Davidson County, and 
 the Capital of the State of Tennessee, is situated on the south bank 
 of the Cumberland river, 200 miles from its mouth, and nearly in 
 the center of the county. It is in lat. 36° 10', north, and long. 86° 49' 
 west from Greenwich, or 9° 49' west from Washington. It is distant 
 
44 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 from the geographical center of the State, (near Murfreesboro,) about 
 30 miles; from Knoxville, 261 miles; Memphis, 231 miles; Louisville, 
 Kentucky, 185 miles; from Chattanoga, 151; from Decatur, 122; and 
 from the Mississippi River, at Hickman, Kentucky, 170. The 
 general surface of the State coincides nearly with a great horizontal 
 plane, with an elevation of about 900 feet above the sea. Nashville 
 is included in what is geologically known as the "Central Basin of 
 Tennessee," but stands on the more elevated or rim portion. This 
 Central Basin embraces the counties of Davidson, Sumner, Wilson, 
 Smith, Williamson, Maury, Giles, Marshal and Bedford, the garden 
 spot of the State, a territory rivaling in variety, fertility and salubrity 
 the famous blue-grass region of Kentucky. The City itself, is built 
 on a series of blue lime-stone hills, which, at several points on the 
 river, form bluffs of considerable elevation. From the more promi- 
 nent points in the City, which are about one hundred and eight feet 
 above low water mark, a fine view is obtained of the country around, 
 which, lying like a vast amphitheater, limited by a range of hills 
 about five miles equi-distant from its central point, make up a pic- 
 ture of hill and dale, ravine and river, city and country, exceedingly 
 grand and lovely. The beautiful suburban towns, and the rich agri- 
 cultural district, stretching far beyond them, handsomely diversified 
 with highly cultivated vegetable, floral and horticultural gardens, 
 and extensive and valuable plantations, intersected by numerous rail- 
 ways and turnpikes, abd the river, winding like a silver snake through 
 the valleys, forming a peninsular of the City, is a sight both rare and 
 exquisite. 
 
 The entire length of the City, as per Foster's survey, is three miles 
 incorporated, or four miles with the thickly settled suburbs, (without 
 Edgefield), while its average breadth is two miles, giving a circum- 
 ference of twelve miles. Its approximate area within the corporate 
 limits, including the 9th and 10th wards is 2 85-100 square miles, 
 or 1,824 square acres, or 79,453,440 square feet. In days prior to 
 the war, Nashville advanced with regularity, and up to the war, it 
 was a place of comparative importance. During the intervening 
 years, since the close of the late struggle, it has taken a bold impetus 
 and in wealth, population, and commercial and manufacturing im- 
 portance, has increased wonderfully. In 1810, Nashville contained 
 a population of 3,400; in 1830, 5,566; in 1840, 6,929; in 1850, 
 11,520; in 1860, 16,988. No accurate census has been taken since 
 1860, but assuming that the increase has been more than double the 
 ratio of the years preceeding the war, and from the fact, that at the 
 
yASHTXLLE A5 IT APPEAB5 ZS 1870. 45 
 
 clo5€ of the ■war Xashville numbered her population at aboat 75,000, 
 (not including soldier?), and that the falling off in the City has not 
 poesiblv exceeded more than 30,000 or 35,000; therefore we mav claim 
 for her present population, 4<J,000 or 45,000 sools, and if the saburbe 
 are inckided, about oO.CKX). This estimate, we believe, in the main, 
 correct; for, notwithstanding a large number of persons left here im- 
 mediately after the close of the struggle, yet the large number of her 
 citizens who returned, those who remained permanentlv, and the 
 great influx since that time, will make our figuring, in the main, cor- 
 rect. It will be observed, too, that our approximation for the soborbe 
 is decidedly small, since Edgfield of itself contains an actual popula- 
 tion of more than 5,0C>C». We know, too, that persons are often at 
 error in adjudging the population of a large city; but in all troth 
 and candor, we submit our opinions after first, however, having made 
 a careful summary, and the best, too, that 0)xild be done under the 
 circumstances. 
 
 The densely inhabited portion of the city radiates from the Public 
 Square, one and a half miles, either way, Xorth and South, and two 
 miles West. The plan of regularity in the streets, although not so 
 good as in many cities, yet, evideitly, has many advantages, and by 
 its undulating situation, presents a system of natural drainage that 
 renders the city, at nearly all times, remarkably healthy. In the 
 central portion, the streets are, for the most part, narrow and 
 " cramped ;'' but, in the >> orthern and Southern and Western suburbs, 
 more attention of late is being paid to spaciousness, and for regularirr 
 and beauty, they are now surpassed by the tkoroughlares of but few 
 cities. The entire length of the streets, within the corporate bounds, 
 is reckoned at sixty miles, and they number one hundred and seventv- 
 five. By order of the City Council, Spring street, or rather Church 
 street, as it is more familiarly known, is made the c^nt^r, from North 
 to South. Every street crossing Church begins with Xo. 1 Xonh 
 and Xo. 1 South. The streets nmning East and West begin with Xo. 
 1 at the river, and so count out to the end. The principal streets 
 that cross Church street, nmning North and South, beianning at the 
 river, and coming in succesion, are : Front, Market, College, Cherrv, 
 Summer, High, Vine, Spruce, McLemore and VauxhalL Those 
 running East and West, and parallel with Church, that is, the prin- 
 cipal ones, are the following : Xorth of Church — Union, Deaderick, 
 Cedar, Gay, Line, Crawford, Jackson, Jefferson, Madison and Mon- 
 roe ; South of Church, and parallel therewith, the main thoroughfares 
 are, Clark, Broad, Bemonbreon, Lincoln Alley, Ash, Mulberry, Mol- 
 
46 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 loy, Franklin, Campbell and Castleman streets. From some mishap, 
 several streets bear the same name; for instance, there are two called 
 Carroll street ; three, Franklin ; two, Gay ; two, Jefferson ; two, Lo- 
 cust; two, Park; two, Robertson; and two, Washington — which might 
 be thought too much of a good thing. 
 
 Beyond the central portion of the city, in a northerly direction, and 
 beginning near Crawford street, and extending nearly north to Jeffer- 
 son, and from College on the east, to the west suburbs, is Lick 
 Branch, or Sulphur Spring Bottom, which, owing to its periodical 
 overflows, and subjection to the "back-water," which, during the 
 very high stages of the river, runs in and submerges everything in 
 reach, is rendered unfit for habitation. But, with the march of 
 progress now going on in this locality, the value of the property, on 
 account of its ceutrality, may we not hope soon to see the low-grounds 
 effectually drained, and then thrown into market, for either favorable 
 resident or manufacturing purposes. ' Extending farther north of this 
 territory, is Germantown, or North Nashville, occupied in part by 
 beautiful suburban residences, and in part by numerous manufactories, 
 surrounded by the habitations of industrious and contented artisans. 
 The vicinity of Germantown is especially noted for its number of 
 handsome cottages and villas, surrounded by tastefully laid out grounds, 
 delightfully shaded, while St. Cecilia's Academy, Ash Barracks, the 
 Horticultural Gardens, the Race Course, and its numerous manufac- 
 tories and many churches, lend to that end of the city additional 
 charms. 
 
 On the south side of the city are situated a number of delightful 
 suburban towns, locally known as Fairfield, Willow Beek, ("Dog 
 Town") and Ashland (" Rock Town.") In these localities, too, delight- 
 ful cottages and elegant mansions are located, which furnish homes for 
 hundreds of persons doing business in the interior of the city. The 
 manufactories of this section, too, are among our most important, em- 
 bracing foundries and machine shops, flouring and paper mills, oil 
 refineries, and several extensive tanneries — all bearing upon the trade 
 and labor of the city. The public buildings and charitable institu- 
 tions of this section, are of a multiplied nature, and embrace the ex- 
 tensive buildings of the University of Nashville, Howard and Trim- 
 ble Public Schools, St. Mary's and the Protestant Orphan Asylums, 
 a goodly number of churches of various denominations, several large 
 and beautifully laid off cemeteries, beside other objects of decided in- 
 terest. 
 
 West Nashville, extendiog from the line of the Chattanooga Rail- 
 
NASHVILLE AS IT APPEARS IN 1870. 47 
 
 road, out to the suburbs, is also being rapidly filled up with manu- 
 facturing establishments, and by homes for the mechanics and toiling 
 workmen, beside more imposing structures for the wealthier classes. 
 One capitalist built in this section, last year, eighteen delightful brick 
 tenement houses, neatly adorned, and provided with water and gas 
 facilities, and other appurtenances for comfort and ease ; and we hear, 
 also, that the same public-spirited gentleman contemplates the erec- 
 tion of sixty similar structures during 1870. There are local names 
 for several of the localities of West Nashville, among which we re- 
 member, By-Town, " Hell's Half-Acre," and " Black Center." The 
 two latter, during the days immediately preceding peace, and for some 
 time after, were the "local habitations" of a large number of thriftless 
 and indolent negroes, and bore most unenviable reputations; hence, 
 their inelegant titles. However, under the recent regulations in State, 
 county and municipal affairs, this population has very materially im- 
 proved; and, many of them, finding that the progressive business 
 people of Nashville, would not encourage them in their filth and lazi- 
 ness, have betaken themselves toother points — distributed as servants 
 throughout the city, or gone to the country as farm-hands. Nearly 
 all of those who have remained have now some regular occupation ; 
 and each one now prides himself upon his industr\' and diligence in 
 performing labor given him. The West-End is now thoroughly po- 
 liced, and, under the surveillance of the "clubbed and belted guardians 
 of the law," is fast coming out. There are numerous places of public 
 interest in this section; among them, the State Penitentiary, State 
 Fair Grounds, the extensive car-shops and depots of the Nashville & 
 Chattanoga Railroad, extensive distilleries and tanneries, and many 
 other features, too numerous to mention. 
 
 Across the river, to the north, is the city of Edgefield, or, as it is 
 sometimes called, " Little Brooklyn." Edgefield is an incorporated 
 city, and is about one and a quarter miles long, and nearly the same 
 in width. It is, perhaps, one of the loveliest resident places in the 
 South, or in the United States, for that matter; and during the Spring 
 and hot Summer months, is a pleasant retreat for the business man, 
 whose labors and interests lay in Nashville. It is connected M'ith the 
 city by a magnificent wire Suspension Bridge ; by a splendid iron 
 bridge, of the Fink Truss patent, belonging to the Louisville & Nash- 
 ville Railroad Company, and by ferries, both at the Upper and Lower 
 Levees. Edgefield is remarkable for the elegance and taste of its 
 buildings, the spaciousness of its avenues, and the intelligence and 
 refinement of its people. Its population, for the most part, is resi- 
 
48 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 dent, a large number of people doing business in the city having their 
 residences there. Property, consequent upon the large influx of pop- 
 ulation that Nashville has received in the past few years, has so in- 
 creased in value, that space has become a costly luxury, only to be 
 enjoyed by the more extravagant. In fact, the many persons who 
 constitute a moving power, and a large proportion of our commercial 
 world, are compelled to seek homes in this and the many suburban 
 towns that cluster around the metropolis, and are vitalized by its 
 proximity. Therefore, the daily emigration and exodus is large. 
 
 Changes in the City. 
 
 Gradual changes are being made in many parts of the city, as the 
 aggressive war of commerce is rapidly encroaching on the precincts of 
 fashion ; and localities that but a few years ago were only inhabited by 
 families of the wealthier classes, have gradually descended from that 
 aristocratic status. At first, they become changed into middle-class 
 dwellings, then into fashionable boarding-houses, and at length are 
 metamorphosed into tailoring or millinery establishments. Within 
 the past two years, large retail dry-goods houses have sprung up 
 where, only a few years ago, many of our most exclusive Nashville 
 families resided. This is principally the case with Cherry, Summer 
 and Church streets; and those thoroughfares already show signs of 
 succumbing entirely to ambitious owners of retail establishments, and 
 tradesmen, who seem determined to push their business places to the 
 very verge of the most aristocratic quarters. Fashion, like a spoiled 
 child, making houses of sand on the seashore, sees, with petulance, the 
 rising tide of commerce washing away its cherished playthings, and 
 compelling it to remove furt]jer away. College street, between the 
 Square and Louisville Depot, has been completely engulfed, and Cedar 
 street has been invaded by retail dealers and fruiterers. Everything 
 is on the upward march, and business centers are neither few nor far 
 between. Property, in the vicinity of the various railroad depots, is 
 undergoing a rapid conversion; and the number of mean-looking 
 houses are becoming gradually less, as the premises are required for 
 thrifty dealers, freight offices, etc. But, one very estimable feature, 
 which is greatly convenient to country dealers, is the exhibited ' clan- 
 nishness," or rather the concentrated and central position of nearly 
 every department of trade. For instance, if a purchaser desires 
 wholesale dry goods or boots and shoes, and hats or clothing, he will 
 find the mart for those commodities on the Public Square; for hard- 
 
CHANGES IN THE CITY. 49 
 
 ware, College street and the Public Square, are visited ; for drugs, the 
 
 Square, INIarket and Broad streets ; cotton, groceries, grain, iron and 
 
 leather, for the most part, are sold in short distance of each other, 
 
 along South Market, South College and Broad streets. The same, 
 
 too, is observable in furniture stores and house-furnishing goods, 
 
 about North College and North Market streets. Then, too, the 
 
 banks are exclusive, and Mammon keeps court only in North College 
 
 and Union streets. Similar arrangements seem to have been adopted, 
 
 or at least it appears so, by the retail establishments; and Union 
 
 street has long since passed into a juvenile paradise, where books, toys 
 
 and confections, are presiding deities; while Church street, from 
 
 Summer to Vine, is the emporium of fashion, and the place of 
 
 " Ribbons and laces, 
 And pretty fat faces," 
 
 And thus Ave might go on, and classify nearly all departments 
 of trade, which, with some few exceptions, are so found. Such con- 
 centration is ultimatly of great good; for, while close proximity of 
 rival houses, in the same business, is bound to awaken the liveliest 
 competition and activity, and bring prices down to a "reasonable 
 notch," so, too, does it greatly convenience the purchases of a visitor. 
 For nearly every department of trade, we have separate localities, 
 and we hold the customer, indeed, difficult to "sell," if he passes 
 through the gauntlet unscathed. 
 
 Architectural Improvements during 1869. 
 
 There is, perhaps, no one particular in which the improvement in 
 Nashville, during the past few years and for the past twelve months, 
 for that matter, is more noted or prominent, than the style of archi- 
 tecture adopted in our buildings. And perhaps there is no other fea- 
 ture that denotes more truthfully, a city's advancement in wealth and 
 civilization, than the ornate and improved character of her build- 
 ings. In every quarter, no matter in which we turn our eyes, build- 
 ing after building is being erected, and either new houses — new from 
 " turret to foundation " — are being erected, or the old ones remodeled 
 and renovated in such a manner that the most familiar habitue would 
 not recognize them if returning to the city after a few months ab- 
 sence. Improvement is the order of the day, and a most animated 
 rivalry seems to have sprung up among property holders. It ii- 
 gratifying too to note that the fine structures now rising in our city 
 are not confined to the "exclusive" portions within its boundary 
 
50 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 but, on the contrary, are spreading in all quarters ; and like signs of 
 progress may be seen at the North, South, East and West sides, as 
 well as in the most retired and fashionable districts in the central 
 portions of the city. Comfort, convenience and beauty, in residences, 
 are the main points sought after; and appropriateness, adaptation, 
 elegance and " show " in business houses. Massive, colossal residences, 
 fronted with cut stone and surmounted by the Mansard roof, and 
 built with all regard to modern improvement in building, with lovely 
 exteriors and palatial interiors, and constructed with every precaution 
 against fire, are everywhere to be met with ; and these take the place 
 of the less pretentious houses, displaying an almost utter negation of 
 ornament, in which the early Nashvillians were wont to "live, and 
 move, and have their being." And a most noticeable revolution too, 
 is going on among our business houses, the squatty two and three- 
 story bricks, in which our merchants formerly transacted business, 
 and where they became successful and wealthy, are rapidly disappear- 
 ing for the taller three, four and five story houses, elaborately orna- 
 mented and beautified, and rich and costly in their designs. Wood 
 fronts, too, are giving place to brick, stone, or iron, and the severest 
 simplicity — nay, ugliness, speaking of parsimony — has been superse- 
 ded by elegance, lightness and beauty. More attention is being paid 
 too, to the purposes for which the building is being erected — the con- 
 struction and style being made to conform, so far as may be, to the 
 character of the business for which it is intended. This revolution 
 is mainly due to the presence, in our midst, of scientific and skilllul 
 architects and builders, who" never fail to make a presentable job 
 whenever room or any advantage in location is given them. 
 
 From our own personal observations, and from conversations with 
 architects and builders on the subject, we feel safe in estimating the 
 number of brick houses erected or finished, in the city and suburbs, 
 during the year 1869, exclusive of a large number of frames, at fully 
 two hundred, including residences, business houses, factories and pub- 
 lic buildings. These houses, reckoned at ten thousand dollars each 
 (a very low estimate,) foots up the handsome sum of two million dol- 
 lars. And if we may be allowed to mention the Maxwell House, 
 which was finished during the past year, at a cost of $400,000, the 
 Spring Brook Block at $140,000, Nashville and Decatur Railroad 
 Depot at $40,000, the Lumsden Blocks $60,000, and numerous other 
 buildings fully and more than covering the average of $10,000, we 
 think the improvements in building for 1869 will foot up to two and 
 a half millions of dollars! An idea of the character of the build- 
 
OPINIONS OF INTELLIGENT STRANGERS. 51 
 
 ings now going up may occur by citing an estimate made for Chicago, 
 who built the past year 2500 buildings at a cost of $10,000,000, and 
 which demonstrates, since so great a difference in the cost of construc- 
 tion could hardly be possible — that, although Nashville built less 
 than one-twelfth the houses erected in Chicago, yet she expended 
 nearly one-fourth the money, an evidence, as we take it, in favor of 
 the latter city. 
 
 Prognostications as to what will be done in the coming year, may 
 not be inapposite, especially so since such predictions are almost al- 
 ready established facts — and our Builders are counting on the season 
 of 1870 as the briskest epoch in building within the annals of the 
 Rock City. Already do we hear of full four score dwellings en pros- 
 peciu, while the erection of a magnificent Custom House and an ex- 
 tensive Cotton Factory, (now under w^ay), and numerous other manu- 
 factories, business houses, churches and residences, to say nothing of 
 remodelling already going on, certainly betokens for Nashville grand 
 steps in the advancing columns of improvement. 
 
 Opinions of Intelligent Strangers. 
 
 But the citizens of Nashville, appreciating her elegance in archi- 
 tecture and scenes of natural beauty, cherish them less proudly, and 
 point to them with less pride, than to the number and superiority of 
 her charitable institutions, the excellence of her schools, the refine- 
 ments of her society, her eminence in the Fine and Mechanical Arts, 
 the multiplied conveniences of life for the promotion of domestic 
 comforts, and the celebrity of her Forums and Medical Schools, 
 which, like the works of the Athenian orators, are regarded with 
 veneration and respect by every polished acquaintance. Yet upon 
 the minds of strangers and tourists, the external aspect of a city 
 seems to leave the most permanent impressions; and if we may judge 
 from their written opinions, that of Nashville has charmed those who 
 charm the world. The learned and philosophic Leroy J. Halsey, 
 D.D., Professor in the Theological Seminary of the Northwest, says 
 of Nashville : 
 
 "We had occasion to visit it for the first time in 1830, and recol- 
 lect distinctly what it then was, as from an adjoining hill, and on an 
 autumn morning, we saw its rocks and cedars and housetops partially 
 covered with the first fall of snow, and glittering like a mount of 
 diamonds in the rising sun. It was a compact little city of some five 
 or six thousand souls, confined pretty much to a single hill or bluff 
 
52 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 OQ the left bank of the Cumberland. But it was beautiful even 
 then — set like a gem in the green casket of the surrounding hill- 
 country. It stood just at the outer apex of a long curve in the river, 
 where, after sweeping westward through a rich valley, and striking 
 the elevated bluifs of stratified limestone rocks underlying the city, 
 it flows gracefully and slowly away, in a long stretch to the north, as 
 if the waters lingered to look upon a spot of so much beauty. It 
 was precisely such a spot as the old classic Greeks and Romans would 
 have chosen to build a city. It was a site of gently rising and con- 
 terminous hills, almost as numerous and quite as elevated as the seven 
 hills of Rome ; and each of their summits at that time, wore the green 
 crown of a dense cedar grove — while from the midst of the city, 
 out of its very housetops, rose one central and higher hiil, like Alp 
 on Alp, overlooking all the scene, and not unworthy of the Athenian 
 Acropolis. In that central cedar-crowned hill the old Greeks would 
 have imagined the genii loci to dwell. And if the traveler had 
 chanced to visit the spot some fifty years earlier than we did, he 
 might indeed have found there the real genius of the place — not some 
 fabled Grecian goddess, but a wild Cherokee Indian, ^k -K * >i^ 
 In the books of that day, the seat of all this natural beauty was de- 
 scribed as a ' Post town, the capital of Davidson county, containing 
 a court-house, a branch bank of the United States, the resj)ectable 
 private bank of Yeatman, Woods & Co., a valuable public library, a 
 respectable female academy, and houses of public worship for Pres- 
 byterians, Methodists, and Baptists.' 
 
 " Such was the capital of Tennessee thirty years ago. And what 
 is it now ? Now, 1859, it is a busy city of nearly thirty-two thous- 
 and souls, on both sides of the river, and spread out over all tne hills 
 and valleys for miles around. Now it has sixteen Protestant churches, 
 three lines of railroad, a hundred steamboats, and an annual trade, 
 including its manufactures, of twenty-five millions. The long, rude 
 box of a bridge which once connected the banks of the river, has 
 given place to two magnificent structures, one for railroad and the 
 other for ordinary use — such as the Tiber never boasted, and which 
 would have filled the old Romans with mingled wonder and delight. 
 Those beautiful green cedars, once the glory of winter, have disap- 
 peared from all the hill-tops, and in their place have sprung up the 
 marble mansions of wealth, or the neat cottages of the artisan. That 
 central summit, where in olden times dwelt the wild genii of the 
 woods, is now surmounted with the capital of Tennessee — the temple 
 of law and justice, built of native marble, whose massive proportions, 
 
OPINIONS OF INTELLIGENT STEANGERS. 53 
 
 rising without an obstruction, and seen from every direction, as if 
 projected against the very sky, would have done honor to the Athe- 
 nian Acropolis in the proudest days of Pericles." 
 
 Thomas Bailey, President of the Royal Astronomical Society of 
 London, while wandering through these "Western wilds" in 1796 or 
 '97, and whose visit is duly recorded some pages back, spent a few 
 days at Nashville, which he thus describes : 
 
 "We even met within three or four miles from the town, two coaches 
 fitted up in all the style of Philadelphia or New York, beside other 
 carriages which plainly indicated that a sort of refinement and lux- 
 ury had made its way into this settlement. '^ * * ={= j^ ^yr^g 
 near seven o'clock when we reached Nashville. The sight of it gave 
 us great pleasure after so long an absence from any compact society 
 of this kind, we reviewed the several buildings with a degree of sat- 
 isfaction and additional beauty which none can conceive but those 
 who have undergone the same circumstances. >»:*** ^ This 
 town consists of about sixty or eighty families; the houses (which are 
 chiefly of logs or frame) stand scattered over the whole site of the 
 toAvn so that it appeared larger than it actually is." 
 
 James Parton, the eminent historian, in 1857, was enraptured by 
 the appearance of our Capitol Hill, and went off like an alarum clock 
 at the elegance of Nashville society. He writes gravely, deliberately 
 and ornately as follows: 
 
 " Pleasant Nashville ! Its situation is superb. A gently undu- 
 lating, fertile valley, fifteen or twenty miles across, quite encircled by 
 hills. Through this panoramic vale winds the ever-winding Cumber- 
 land, a somewhat swiftly-flowing stream about as wide as the Hudson 
 at Albany. The banks are of that abrupt ascent which suggested 
 the name of bluffs high enough to lift the country above the reach of 
 the marvelous rises of the river, but not so high as to render it too 
 difficult of access. In the middle of this valley, half a mile 
 from the banks of the stream, is a high, steep hill, the summit of 
 w^hich, just large enough for the purpose, would have been crowned 
 with a castle if the river had been the Rhine instead of the Cumber- 
 land. Upon this hill stands the capitol of the State of Tennessee, 
 the most elegant, correct, convenient and genuine public building in 
 the United States, a conspicuous testimonial of the wealth, taste and 
 liberality of the State. 
 
 " From the cupola of this edifice the stranger, delighted and sur- 
 prised, looks down upon the city of Nashville, packed between the 
 capitol-crowned hill and the coiling Cumberland — looks around upon 
 
54 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 the panoramic valley, dotted with villas and villages, smiling with 
 fields, and fringed with distant, dark, forest-covered mountains. And 
 there is one still living who was born in that valley when it was 
 death from the rifle of a savage to go unattended to drink from a 
 spring an eighth of a mile from the settlement. 
 
 " Pleasant Nashville ! It was laid out in the good old English, 
 southern manner. First, a spacious square for court-house and mar- 
 ket, lined now with stores so solid and elegant that they would not 
 look out of place in the business streets of New York, Avhose stores 
 are palaces. From the sides and angles of this square, which is the 
 broad back of a huge underground rock, run the principal streets — 
 and there is your town. 
 
 " Pleasant Nashville ! The wealth of Nashville is of the genuine, 
 slowly-formed description, that does not take to itself wings and fly 
 away just when it is wanted most. It came out of that fertile soil 
 which seems to combine the good qualities of the prairie with the 
 lasting strength of forest land. Those roomy square brick mansions 
 are well-filled with furniture the opposite of gimcrack ; and if the 
 sideboards do not " groan " under the weight of the silver plate upon 
 them, the fact is to be set down to the credit of the sideboards. 
 Where but eighty years ago the war-whoop startled mothers, putting 
 their children to bed, the stranger, strolling abroad in the evening, 
 pauses to listen to operatic arias, fresh from Italy, sung with much of 
 the power and more than the taste of a prima-donna. Within, moth- 
 ers may be caught in the act of helping their daughters write Italian 
 exercises, or hearing them recite French verbs. Society is lighted 
 with gas, and sits dazzling in the glorious blaze of bituminous coal, 
 and catches glimpses of itself in mirrors of full length portraitures." 
 
 Such is Nashville as it appears to the optics of intelligent strangers- 
 Such may it ever appear. But to give a more minute description and 
 clearer idea of its magnitude, we invite our readers to go with us 
 through its labyrinthian marts, " on 'Change," among its workshops, 
 through its churches, schools, public buildings and institutions, and 
 view what mighty changes have here been wrought. Observe its de- 
 velopments as a Commercial Point and as a manufacturing center in 
 a clear and unexaggerated manner. And if jthese characteristics 
 correspond with its external allurements, then indeed, must it be an 
 attractive center, and all that we have said, or all that we could say, 
 is fair and legitimate. 
 
THE WHOLESALE TRADE OF J^ASHVILLE. 
 
 In taking up this department of our labors we propose demon- 
 strating, so far as in our powers lie, the vantage-ground that Nash- 
 ville occupies and the facilities she possesses for the conduct of a suc- 
 cessful commerce. We may possibly, in the course of our investiga- 
 tions, have to travel to some extent over the same ground more than 
 once. If we do, and such assertions become ''damnable iteration," so 
 let it be, for it is human nature, although it may be deemed selfish, to 
 enumerate as often as opportunity suggests, one's superior and crown- 
 ing qualities. It is well known that, previous to the war Nashville 
 was pre-eminently the mart for supplies for the merchants of North 
 Mississippi, North Alabama, Georgia, East and Middle Tennessee 
 and Southern Kentucky. Her mammoth establishments for the sale 
 of dry goods, groceries, hardware, queensware and drugs, containing 
 immense stocks of every description of merchandise, were conducted 
 by merchants of great probity, energy, intelligence and wealth — the 
 greater part of whom are now engaged in business here, while a host 
 of new houses have sprung up, increasing competition, and impart- 
 ing renewed vigor to the sinews of trade, which were impaired by the 
 terrible convulsions of civic strife. They have confidently entered 
 the lists in competition with the merchants of cities east or west, hav- 
 ing perfected arrangements with the manufactories of the United 
 States, England, France and Germany, gaining facilities thereby of 
 utmost importance. 
 
 We propose, therefore, advancing what we consider to be six co- 
 gent reasons why Nashville is the most desirable wholesale commer- 
 cial market for the country merchant of this and adjoining States 
 tributary ; said reasons being indisputably argumentative of her po- 
 tent advantage and prominence : — 
 
 1st. Nashville is a Port of Delivery. 
 
 2nd. Our dealers buy directly from first hands; aud buying in as 
 large quantities as almost any Eastern jobbers, enables them to buy at 
 as low rates. 
 
56 NASHVILLE AND HEE TRADE. 
 
 3rd. Nashville dealers select no goods that are not suited to the South- 
 ern Trade. 
 
 4th. Nashville is two hundred miles nearer than any other competing 
 market, and one thousand miles nearer than the Eastern markets. 
 
 5th. The difference in rent and other mercantile expenses, are de- 
 cidedly in the favor of Nashville. 
 
 6tli. Nashville sells as cheap as any Jobbing market in America — 
 transportation charges only added. 
 
 AVith respect to the first, we state what has been communicated to 
 us by Adam Woolf, Esq., Acting Surveyor of Customs for the Port of 
 Nashville, and which is not generally known by our mercantile fra- 
 ternity. In ordering goods from a foreign country to be sent direct 
 to a Port of Delivery, Importers are only required to give bond at 
 the Port of Entry through which they arrive, say for instance New 
 York, for the security of the custom duties when they arrive at their 
 ultimate destination, whereas in New York they are obliged to pay 
 Import Duties at once. Ports of Delivery being in the interior of the 
 country, ninety days time are given the Importer to pay his duties, 
 while at the outside it does not require more than twenty-five, or say 
 thirty days for him to receive his goods from even the most distant 
 Port of Entry — therefore it is plainly visible that he has fully sixty 
 days use of his money more than the New York Jobber. And again, 
 if the Nashville merchant's importations are heavy, he can, by paying 
 necessary storage charges, allow his goods to remain in the Nashville 
 Custom House or warehouse used for that purpose, and take them 
 away as he desires, only paying import duties on what he gets. Tha 
 following note from Surveyor Woolf exhibits the amount of business 
 transacted through the Nashville Custom House for two years past : 
 Nashville Custom House, March 1870. 
 
 Chas. E. Robert, Esq., Nashville — Sir : At your request I give 
 you a brief statement of the Import Duties paid at this Port during 
 the years of 1868 and 1869 : 
 
 Duty paid for the year 1868 (coin) $90,000 00 
 
 " " " *' " 1869 (coin) 89,087 00 
 
 A large amount of merchandize brought to this Port has the duty 
 paid at New York, New Orleans and various other Ports, which, if 
 paid at this Port would add greatly to the material and commercial 
 prosperity ot this city and community. John M. Byers was appoint- 
 ed Surveyor of Customs at this Port in 1865. Myself, the present 
 incumbent, succeeded him in May, 1869. 
 Respectfully yours, 
 
 Adam Woolf, 
 Acting Surveyor of Customs Port of Nashville. 
 
THE WHOLESALE TRADE OF NASHVILLE. 57 
 
 The second reason needs no further argument. We assert it and do 
 not fear successful refutation; but regarding the third, we would re- 
 mark that a majority of the wholesale merchants of Nashville, hav- 
 ing spent the better portion of their lives in the South, and being 
 entirely familiar with the peculiar tastes of the Southern people, buy 
 nothing that is not applicable to their wants; whereas, on the other 
 hand, the stock of the Jobber in New York and other Eastern cities, 
 is made up for the consumption of many different sections of country, 
 varying in their tastes, habits and modes of life, and the retailer in- 
 curs all the labor of making his selections from this heterogenous con- 
 glomeration. If he is an experienced merchant, he may perform the 
 labor without any serious detriment ; but even then it is a labor, and 
 consumes his time and increases his expenses. If he is inexperienced, 
 he is likely to be led into the purchase of goods which will prove en- 
 tirely unsaleable, and the loss thereto incident may prove a serious 
 draw-back upon the success of a whole season's business. Hence, it 
 is obvious that a purchaser of a miscellaneous stock, including every- 
 thing adapted to the wants of a rural town or city population in the 
 South, must be, when in Nashville, as near the most desirable market 
 as it is possible for him to get. 
 
 Proposing, as we do, to make a minute and detailed examination 
 of the business facilities of Nashville, it would not be proper here to 
 anticipate such ; but for the benefit of anxious mercantile inquirers, 
 and to state what is not generally known, we claim that we have the 
 advantage in transportation, from the fact that we have more routes 
 to the North and East than any other Central Southern City. Fur- 
 ther, in view of this, it is also obvious that Nashville merchants have 
 their pre/erence of Lines, rewarded by a great saving in the cost of trans- 
 portation. The only practical question for a retailer to consider then, 
 is, whether it is probable he can make his purchases in the Nashville 
 market as cheaply as in any other. This we assert he can do, and we 
 leave it to the consideration of those who study and appreciate econo- 
 my. To our own personal knowledge it has already been eloquently 
 demonstrated; for several instances we could name, where, during last 
 season, country merchants from various Southern States went North 
 with the intention of laying in their supplies, but returned to Nash- 
 ville, and "made no bones of telling it;" that Nashville offered more 
 and better advantages than tiny of her competitors. 
 
 It may be again, as it has been repeatedly asserted by persons who 
 are more apt to find fault with things they know nothing of, than to 
 advance clear and decisive argument fortifying such assertions, that 
 
58 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 the inland situation of a city is an effectual barrier to her commercial 
 supremacy. Such talk is mere twaddle. The position of the chief 
 commercial cities of the world — London on the Thames, Liverpool 
 on the Mersey, and Paris on the Seine — proves conclusively that im- 
 mediate proximity to the ocean . is not essential to constitute a great 
 commercial point — and although Nashville, contrasted with those 
 places, occupies but an insignificant station, yet, if such arguments 
 are advanced, it is legitimate to refute them in the manner we have 
 done. 
 
 Is it not probable then, that the merchants of Nashville, in view 
 of their advantages, consignments from abroad seeking their shelves, 
 with abundance of capital and good credit, can buy and sell on terms 
 as favorable as any of their competitors ? We have no doubt they do 
 this; but we go further, and insist that those now doing business 
 have mistaken their vocation, unless, to responsible buyers, they 
 actually do undersell all others. One reason that we have for enter- 
 taining this opinion is, as we have before stated, that expenses for 
 conducting business are less here than in almost any city of the 
 United States. In the City of New York, the leading dry goods 
 jobbing-house pays, or recently did pay, as we are informed, an annual 
 rent of $50,000 for their store; and a prominent clothing firm pays, 
 or did pay, $40,000. The same rule will hold good, to a great ex- 
 tent, in Philadelphia, Boston and other cities of the North and East; 
 and although not near so great in Cincinnati, Louisville, and other 
 places nearer to us, yet undoubtedly house-rent is a big item with 
 them, while in Nashville, after diligent inquiry, we have not heard 
 of a single house renting for more than $3,000 or $4,000; and from 
 these and other circumstances, it would seem evident, without occular 
 demonstration, that a merchant in Nashville can afford to sell at a 
 per centage of profit, which, on the same amount of business, would 
 not pay the expenses of his less favorably situated competitor. 
 These, are the deductions of reason and common sense. Their im- 
 portance, at least, entitles them to consideration, reflection and ex- 
 periment; hence, we beg those who are engaged in buying and sell- 
 ing, inasmuch as their mercantile success, and the prosperity of the 
 mercantile class throughout the Southern country, depend upon the 
 wisdom of their action, to test the respective markets, fairly disre- 
 garding " baits," which are quite too common in all, and extending 
 their view beyond exceptional circumstances; and if there be an atom 
 of truth in that principal of political economy, which demonstrates that 
 
THE WHOLESALE TRADE OF NASHVILLE. 59 
 
 the nearer the place of purchase, the cheaper the price, they will dis- 
 vocer, as hundreds of thriving merchants have already done, that 
 Nashville is the Cheapest Seller and Natural Distri- 
 buter OF Merchandise adapted to the wants of the 
 South. 
 
 There are many other advantages that might be noted, but such 
 as we have omitted mention of here, will be spoken of in detail in 
 the following pages. Assuming that an alphabetical arrangement of 
 the subjects would be more convenient for reference, but, deeming it 
 advisable to group together those which have practically some points 
 of affinity, whether through indentity of raw material, or similarity 
 in uses, we come first to 
 
 Cotton. 
 
 It is a fact well-known that this staple takes the lead of all the agri- 
 cultural products of Middle Tennessee, as well as in almost every 
 other part of the South, both in the amount produced and its value. 
 This most wonderful vegetable, that from its adaptability to the man- 
 ufacture of many articles, both for utility and ornament, presents one 
 of the most interesting records of agricultural achievement, has been 
 rightfully termed " vegetable wool," is indisputably the potent ruler 
 of the vegetable kingdom, and wields in its might and power, a scepter 
 of unlimited influence. Nashville being the great center of trade for 
 all the rich and fertile counties comprising Middle Tennessee, North 
 Alabama, North Georgia, etc.; almost the entire cotton crop of those 
 sections is handled by her Cotton Factors, and much more attention 
 having been given to its culture in this immediate locality since the 
 war than before, in consequence of the high prices that have been 
 ruling, the raising of cotton has been more renumerative than ever. 
 To show how much business has been transacted in this line we'will 
 take the receipts for the past two years, and the average price the 
 planter received, after deducting freight, factorage, etc. 
 
 From September 1st, 1867, to September 1st, 1868, the receipts 
 amounted to 70,000 bales, which netted the planter about 12 cents 
 per pound, exclusive of the Government tax, which was, during that 
 year, 2| cents per pound. Averaging the bales at 475 poimds, we 
 have a total of $3,990,000 for that year. 
 
GEO. H. REID. 
 
 W. H. CHADBOIJRX. 
 
 H. J. CHEBTET. 
 
 iEia OMiiiiiii 
 
 '93 
 
 C«»'f:'C:c»SB. Vsft«;'f;«»a^s, 
 
 WIiaSSimiDlffMSMMS 
 
 AND 
 
 GENEBAlCOMMMONMERCHmS 
 
 m^. i^ ^ M iir®ad) i;tir@©i 
 
 m'sQ^f^lm'^mriS Jl<&< 
 
 SB.* 
 
 AI.!SO PROPRIETORS WITH 
 
 J^O. J. M@OANI\l $i 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ACKB#H 
 
 iJEji^) 
 
 J^NT> DEALERS IIsT 
 
 
 Sole Manufacturers of the following Celebrated Brands of Flour: 
 
 SWAN'S DOWN, 
 
 REGIJI^ATOR, 
 
 FAVI.TI.ESS, 
 
 OOI.D DrST, 
 
 AI.L,EX'S BEST, 
 
 EITTEE BEArTY, 
 
 HOBSON'S CHOICE, 
 
 OEM OF THE BURG. 
 
 Bolted and Kiln Dried Meal Always on Hand. 
 
 60 
 
MOllS Min 
 
 COTTON FACTORS 
 
 AND 
 
 Commission Merdiants, 
 
 No. 46 SOUTH MARKET STREET, 
 
 Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 AND 
 
 57 and 59 South College Street, 
 NASHVILLE, TENN. 
 
 J. ST. SPERRT. JOHX T. FOOXE, 
 
 ia.orristou>n, JV. J, 
 
 COTTON FACTORS 
 
 PROPRIETORS OF MORSE'S COTTON COMPRESS. 
 
 No. 36 SPRING BROOK BUILDINGS, 
 
 61 
 
;®CBHA 
 
 Successors to Hii^li 9IcCrea & CO,, 
 
 COTTOW He TOBACCO FAGTOeS, 
 
 ]Vo 42 Spring Brook Buildings, 
 
 AGENTS FOR Tllli: SAI.£ OF 
 
 Eagle Mills Standard Cotton Yarns and Young's Copper DistilledWhiskey 
 
 GENERAL COMMISSION MERCHANTS 
 
 iiailiwlll®, T©im©iS®©® 
 
 .A^O-EISTTS FOI^ THE 
 
 *'ARROW" AND "BUTTON" TTE, 
 
 — ^ND- 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 BAGGII^O, ROPE, FliOUB GRAIN AXD PROVISIOl^S. 
 
 H. Sr FRENCH. J. T. BROWN. 
 
 iy 
 
 mi 
 
 
 &'6l'* 
 
 'm\ 
 
 COMMISSION & F0RWARDIN6 MEEOMITS 
 
 jN'ash.ville, 
 
 FirQ)njt» 
 Tenn. 
 
 J. M. CARSEY. 
 
 W. M. CAKSET. 
 
 J. M. CARSET SON & CO. 
 
 COTTON FACTORS & WHOLESALE DEALERS 
 
 -iisr- 
 
 Produce, Provisions, e' 
 
 S3^ Cash Advances made on all kinds of Produce, whether in store or transit, to 
 our friends in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Cineinnati, Iiouisvillle, St. Louis 
 and New Orleans, 
 
 62 
 
COTTOX. 63 
 
 From September 1st, 1868, to September 1st, 1869, the reoeipts 
 were less, on account of a severe drought, which prevailed during the 
 Summer; and continued rains during the months of September and 
 October. The total receipts for that year were, 52,123 bales, which 
 netted the producer about 23 cents per pound; and averaging the 
 bales at 475 pounds, as before, we have the handsome total of $5,694,- 
 667.75 — showing that, although there was a shortcoming of 17,877 
 bales, the advanced prices gave a decided gain of $1,704,667.75. 
 
 The present crop, now coming forwai'd, is reported short ; and our 
 factors may not receive as many bales as last season. The estimates 
 of the present year's receipts here vary from 49,000 to 45,000 bales. 
 The result will, probably, be between these amounts. In some sec- 
 tions, there has been almost an entire failure; but we are glad to re- 
 port them as exceptions, and a fair crop will be realized. At any 
 rate, we feel safe in estimating the value of the present crop at about 
 $4,000,000. 
 
 As a market, Nashville offers, perhaps, more and better facilities 
 than any other within easy access, for various reasons. In the first 
 place, our factors make the charges and commissions lighter than in any 
 other market. Then, having two routes to the North, the competition 
 in freights is lively; and cotton can often be shipped from here to 
 New York, at a less rate of freight than from either Louisville or 
 Cincinnati. Then, again, the high standing of our factors, as men of 
 honesty, integrity and means, prevents the loss to the planter, in 
 pickings, stealings and failures, so often experienced in other cities. ■ 
 
 It can be seen at a glance, by the least observant, what a powerful 
 influence a product of such value wields on other commodiries and 
 business. And we do not think we shall be accused of exaggeration, 
 when we state that the whole trade of the city is lively or dull, as 
 cotton is "brisk" or "quiet." And we are glad to note, too, that 
 our farmers are paying more attention to the quality of their cotton 
 than ever before, and are bestowing more care in having it well 
 picked, ginned and baled. Shippers, heretofore, have had much 
 trouble with the cotton from this point, on account of the neglect of 
 the producer; but each succeeding year, now, in this respect, is an 
 improvement on the previous. Some credit for this state of affairs 
 is due to the Nashville Cotton Factors, who have encouraged the 
 use of the best gins, and counseled the selection of " blooded "seed. 
 
 We have nine firms in the city, doing an exclusively cotton ware- 
 house and commission business, and five who combine the grocery 
 with the cotton trade. The former are located as follows : George C. 
 
64 NASHVILLE AND HEE TRADE. 
 
 Allen & Co., 57 and 59 South College; McAlister & Wheless, 63 
 South College ; J. M. Carsey, Son & Co., corner College & Broad ; 
 Eeid, Chadbourn & Co., 32 and 34 Broad ; Sample, Ordway & Co., 
 14 and 16 Broad; Thos. Parkes & Co., 46 South Market; McCrea 
 & Co, 42 South Market; French & Brown, 4 Clark street; M. A. 
 Parrish & Co., 118 South College, and 139 South Market streets ; 
 while the latter are Messrs. McLean & Co., 52 Broad ; S. B. Spur- 
 lock & Co., corner Broad and College; C. R, Parsons & Co., 7 and 
 9 Broad; Gilbert, Pp.rkes & Gordon, 80 and 82 South Market; 
 Burgess, Hughes & Fraley, 86 South Market; and J. N. Sperry & 
 Co., 36 South Market street. The foregoing firms embrace some of 
 the most substantial merchants of the nation, who, in point of business 
 ability, integrity and means, take high rank, when compared with 
 merchants of other cities. Their warehouses are safe and commodious, 
 and, combined, have a storage capacity of at least 30,000 bales. Five 
 of the largest are owned by the firms occupying them. 
 
 Dry Goods. 
 
 Among the first in rank and in point of prominence, is the Dry 
 Goods trade of the city. This trade, considered as a branch of com- 
 merce, is one of the most important of any now existing in this coun- 
 try. It controls an immense amount of capital, employs almost an 
 army of persons, and distributes, perhaps, a greater value of com- 
 modities than any other branch of mercantile pursuit. The Whole- 
 sale Dry Goods Trade of Nashville is, for the most part, confined to 
 the central mart, known as the Public Square ; and the colossal brick 
 and granite warehouses, rising in their grandeur to an altitude of five 
 and six stories, are filled and teeming with all classes of goods appli- 
 cable to this trade. A cursory glance through the various depart- 
 ments is hardly sufficient to give a correct idea of the vast stocks, and 
 semingly exhaustless variety, there displayed. Here, one sees articles 
 composed of Cotton, of Wool, of Flax and Silk ; Foreign and Domestic 
 goods — some bulky, others compressed and tiny in their manufactured 
 state. Here, we meet with innumerable samples, variformed and 
 variegated; Silks, Cloths, Cassimeres, Satinets, Kerseys, Jeans, Tweeds, 
 Linseys, Flannels, Tickings, Checks, Plaids, Alpacas, Dress Goods, 
 Ginghams, Prints, Muslins and Drills, together with immense cargoes 
 of ladies' Dress and Bonnet Trimmings, Carriage Laces, Curtain Trim- 
 mings, Cords, Tassels, Braids, Fringes, Ribbons, Military Trimmings, 
 and numerous manufactures assimilating in character. Here are goods, 
 
AND 
 
 NOTIO 
 
 -A.a-E]isrTs iFOi^ 
 
 Auburn Jeans, Eagle Mills Jeans, 
 
 Riverview Jeans, Omega Jeans, 
 
 Columbus Sheeting, Laurel Hill Sheeting, 
 
 Pinewood Cotton Yarns, Gold Medal Sheeting. 
 
 New York Corn Exchange Bag Manufactory. 
 
 All of which we sell at Manufacturers' Prices. 
 
 WOOL 
 
 Wanted, at the Highest Cash Price, at All Times. 
 
 BARTER or ALL KINDS SOLD FOR OUR CUSTOMERS, 
 
 EREE OE CHARGE. 
 
 All Goods sent on Orders can be Returned at our Expense, 
 
 if they fail to Give Satisfaction. 
 
 NOTICE. 
 
 JACOB L. THOMAS — Became a Partner in our business, January 
 
 1st, 1870. 
 
 GARDNER, BUCKNER & CO. 
 
 65 
 
EVANS, FITE, PORTER & tO. 
 
 — A.NT>- 
 
 ^^liolesale Dealers 
 
 -IN"- 
 
 FOBEIGH AND DOMESTIC 
 
 Dry Goods 
 
 -A^NT>— 
 
 Ml 
 
 NO. 1 INN BLOCK, PUBLIC SQUARE, 
 
 W. H. EVANS, 
 
 Wrrl!' PORTER, } IMASHVILLE, TEI 
 
 R. W. JENNINGS, i 
 R. P. HUNTER. J 
 
 66 
 
DRY GOODS. 67 
 
 the products of the four quarters of the globe. Goods from England, 
 from Ireland, from France and from Germany; costly Cashmere 
 Shawls, and Domestic Osnaburgs from our neighboring mills, side by 
 side ; delicately-woven Laces and bright-colored Prints, from all the 
 leading manufactories of the United States. In short, what one can 
 see in our dry goods houses would fill an interesting volume ; for, of 
 themselves alone, they jiresent to the eye a busy map of life, to be 
 met with nowhere else in this entire section of country. 
 
 The houses doing an exclusive wholesale jobbing business are eight 
 in number, and they operate on the most extensive scale. They are: 
 Evans, Fite, Porter & Co., No. 1 Inn Block ; Gardner, Buckner & 
 Co., No. 2 Inn Block; Hu. Douglass & Co., No. 53 Public Square; 
 Fite, Anderson & Green, No. 49 Public Square; Furman & Co., 
 No. 1 Hick's Block, Public Square ; Morgan, O'Bryan & Co., Nos. 
 7 and 8 Public Square; Searight, Thornton & Co., No. 2 Ensley 
 Block, Public Square; Fishel Bros., No. 1 Ensley Block, Public 
 Square; and Cowan & Co., No. 37 Public Square; the latter firm, 
 however, deals only in White Goods and Notions. 
 
 Previous to the war this department of trade extended its business 
 through many of the counties of ^liddle and East Tennessee, North 
 Alabama, North Georgia and a portion of Southern Kentucky. But 
 when came the clash of arms, communications were interrputed, 
 trade became stagnent, many of the old firms were compelled to cease 
 business, and the majority of purchasers began moving in the direc- 
 tion of Louisville and Cincinnati. At the dawn of peace, some two 
 or three of the old firms, in person, but perhaps changed in firm- 
 names, resumed their previous vocations; business began gradually 
 flowing back to its old channel, increasing courage, until now there 
 is not a vacant business house in this part of the City. With the re- 
 sumption, too, came a very decided extension, and there is scarcely 
 a town or hamlet in Middle and East, and a greater portion of West 
 Tennessee, North Mississippi, Northern and Central Alabama and 
 Northern and Central Georgia, and some portions of Arkansas, to- 
 gether with a large portion of the Upper Cumberland region, and 
 also of Western Kentucky, that does not purchase its supplies in this 
 market. 
 
 War, although attendant with many misfortunes, also was product- 
 ive of some good results. Especially so, was this the case with the 
 raochis operatuli of conducting the dry goods trade in the South. For- 
 merly, it was the custom of buying stocks only twice a year, (Spring 
 and Fall) but this plan seems now to be ignored by retailers, and as- 
 
PUHMAU & C 
 
 ■5 
 
 Wholesale 
 
 No. 1 HICKS' BLOCK, 
 
 PUBLIC SQXJA-RE;, 
 
 isr^sH:"viLZ_.E, TEnsrnsr. 
 
 Agents for Star Mills' Sheetings, Osnaburgs, 
 Cotton Yarns and Batting; 
 
 Lebanon Woolen Mills Jeans & Linseys, 
 NEW ALBANY WOOLEN MILLS CO;S 
 
 
DRY GOODS. 
 
 69 
 
 sortments are now kept up by making purchases oftener, say every 
 month or two, and the conclusion is, that "old goods" are rarely, if 
 ever, on hand, the articles are not handled in the store six months, 
 are kept cleaner and brighter, and more attractive. 
 
 Let us glance for a moment at the amount of business transacted, 
 according to the returns made to the Collector of Internal Revenue. 
 The books for 1868 show sales of 82,590,000; for the year ending 
 January 1st, 1870, the books show sales of $3,380,000 ; a clear and 
 decided gain of seven hundred and ninety thousand dollars in iirelv& 
 months, or nearly V arty-three and a third per cent, increase. An ex- 
 hibit, we fearlessly assert, but few cities of the United States ean 
 make. 
 
 "\iA'ith such rapid strides, as we are now making, our dealers con- 
 fidently predicted that the Wholesale Jobbing Trade of Xashville 
 will soon double what it was before the war. It is condueteil, in the 
 main, on a cash basis, but prompt dealers can get a little time, for 
 instance, thirty, sixty or ninety days, and whatever increase that is 
 now shown is substantial and lucrative. Already the advantages and 
 inducements held out by this point, are commanding the attention of 
 the largest and best retail merchants tributary to Xashville and the 
 inevitable result will be, that as a buying point Xashville will sobn 
 be far ahead of any Southern City. Goods are sold here as cheap as 
 in Eastern markets, Ireight charges only added, and as clear as day- 
 light the reasons are apparent that extensive Jobbers* buy cheaper, 
 transport for less and have almost innumerable odds over retailers 
 purchasing in the Xorth and East. Then, with these lights before 
 us, we cannot see why we should not command the bulk of patronage 
 from our near neighbors. 
 
 Millinery and Fancy Goods. 
 
 Indicative of the advance of trade in our city, and illustrative too, 
 of the continual sub-division it is making in its progress, we record 
 with pleasure the inauguration, on an extensive scale, by a native 
 Tennessean, at that, of a comparatively new branch of business — 
 even since our labors besran. The branch to which we refer is the 
 establishment of an exclusively wholesale Millinery and Fancy Go<xls 
 house, by Mr. "SV. H. Simmonds, at Xo. 51 Public Square. Opened 
 only on the first of March, 1870, and only now in the infancy of its 
 career, it already gives flattering evidence of success. In enu- 
 merating the advantages that characterize the business in our city, we 
 

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 "WrilO £«ES A^LE 
 
 11 
 
 nanii 
 
 
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 1 
 
 11 ! 
 
 H O ^ X E B X s 
 
 ^LOTES AND NOTIONS, 
 
 6cc.. Sec. Sec, 
 
 Being Exclusively In the above Line, we are prepared to 
 make it to the advantage of the 
 
 To Buy from us, and will GUARANTEE you Goods at as 
 
 XORTH OR 80UTH. 
 
 COWAfM ^ CO. 
 
 70 
 
 NASHVILLE, TEIOi^ 
 
3T -i-rfxi •» 
 
 FITZ. AXDZRSOX A: GRZZX. 
 
 J" t> 13 >-»-^ «- •^ «J * 
 
 DRY GOODS AND NOTIONS. 
 
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 MORGAN O'BRYAN ^ CO.. 
 
 IDIR^^r OOOIDS 
 
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 ST'«^:ial Artentioii Paid lo Ih^iers. 
 
 iAS. E, BSTA^r. "Without 
 
 3£vSSr5 FIS 
 
 FISHEL * BBOTHER* 
 
 lg1W« M.yX41-g- »£JLLXK» I3r 
 
 Dry Goods. Clcthir.^, 
 
 GEISJTS' FURIVISHUNTG GOODS, 
 
 ^^. H. SIMMONDS. 
 
 HATS, STRAW, IHIIIINERT 
 
 o o o s. 
 
 NO. ol NOKrH SZ?^ PT31IC S^JVAj-.^ 
 
72 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 remark that the same causes that give prominence to the Dry Goo d 
 trade, that is, so far as rent, freight, etc., are concerned, may be said 
 of "Wholesale Millinery ; and the same remarks relative to the appli- 
 cability of the goods offered, to the wants of this section of country, 
 if anything, are still more marked; and in order to meet the de- 
 mands of this most fashionable and fastidious trade, has necessitated 
 the purchase of goods of the very latest, best and most exquisite 
 styles and qualities. All manner of " head gear " coming under the 
 general captions of Millinery and Fancy Goods, Ladies Hats and 
 Bonnets, together with an almost innumerable collection and display 
 ot trimmings, such as Velvets, Silks, Ribbons and Straw Goods, 
 French and American Flowers of all hues and kinds. Feathers and 
 Furs, and in fact, everything necessary to fit out retail millinery 
 stores, are displayed in adequate supply by Mr. Simmonds; and his 
 show rooms, new and elegant, are models of beauty in their conven- 
 ience and arrangement. 
 
 Mr. Simmonds has also entered largely into the manufacture of 
 bonnets, hats, etc.; and trims and arranges goods on order, or for the 
 trade. Retail milliners can effect most advantageous bargains by pa- 
 tronizing his house ; and by encouraging such a branch in our midst, 
 lend direct aid to the many indigent females who gain their livelihood 
 at his hands. Domesticity- is the ruling characteristic of his manu- 
 factory, and being conducted by persons who have no practical con- 
 cern with the ten hour system, or the Eastern factory system, or even 
 the solar system, they work at such hours as they choose — the most 
 of them in their homes — their industry being mainly regulated by 
 the state of their larder; and their employment depending more upon 
 their dexterity and taste than anything else, it stands to reason, pre- 
 sent better work than is usually offered in this market. 
 
 Stimulated by the encouragement already accorded him, ]Mr. Sim- 
 monds has siffuified his intention of extending his facilities and in- 
 creasing his operative force shortly. Then, by perseverance in the 
 well-directed industry he has already began, we doubt not that he will, 
 in a great measure, succeed in excluding the bulk of foreign articles 
 from the Nashville markets, and enable merchants from all parts of 
 the country to obtain in Xashville goods equally as good, and at 
 far less than Philadelphia or New York prices. 
 
CLOTHING. 73 
 
 Clothing. 
 
 Within the last few years a most important and complete revolu- 
 tion has been effected in the -wholesale Clothing business of Nash- 
 ville. In former days, the only ready-made clothing kept for sale 
 was purchased in the North. But the inconvenience attending de- 
 lays and mis-fits, on the part of tailors; thp advantages of procuring 
 a wardrobe at a moment's notice ; the ability of merchants to manu- 
 facture and supply clothing equally as good, and much cheaper, at 
 wholesale, than to order, has led to the establishment of at least two 
 large manufactories in our midst. These houses are Messrs. B. H. 
 Cooke & Co., No. 70 Public Square, and Gordon, Rankin & Ordway, 
 No. 4 Inn Block, Public Square, who have made a specialty of the 
 business. 
 
 The firm of Bolivar H. Cooke & Co., is the pioneer house, and 
 commenced their business soon after the close of the war, and have 
 steadily advanced their capital and enterprise, until now they promise 
 to become one of the leading houses in the south-west. This firm 
 gives constant employment to more than one hundred operatives, 
 male and female, who labor almost incessantly t^n hours of each week 
 day, in the manufacture of wearing apparel, included under the heads 
 of Coats, Pants, Vests, etc., etc.; and their work is highly commen- 
 dable as models of style, durability and cheapness. 
 
 The house of Gordon, Rankin & Ordway, although but a few 
 months in the trade, give promise of flattering future success. They 
 are engaged in the manufacture of all kinds of clothing of those 
 styles, sizes and qualities peculiarly adapted to the wants of sections 
 trading with Nashville, and execute orders in hand — work or ma- 
 chine sewing — in the most lasting or fashionable manner, from the 
 cheapest to the finest goods sold in this market. They manufacture 
 the greater portion of their sales, including Coats, Pants, Vests, 
 Shirts, Drawers, etc., etc. They also employ more than one hundred 
 operatives, including both sexas. 
 
 The wholesale clothing trade of Nashville is fairly reckoned at 
 8800,000, for the year 1869. To conduct the business successfiiUy, 
 necessarily requires a large capital, for the manufacturing must be 
 commenced several months before the selling season, in order to meet 
 the demands of the trade. One great and commendable benefit re- 
 sulting from the success of this branch of industry, is the immense 
 field of employment it opens for the poor, especially for females, for by 
 this means they are afforded a permanent source of occupation, while 
 
B, J. GOUnOX. D. p. HANKIN. C. N. ORDWAT. C. F. OJiDWAY- 
 
 Gordon, Rankin * Ordway, 
 
 Manufacturers and Wholesale Dealers in 
 
 ^& Sii %i^ ffi ^2 11 ^ 
 
 WW 
 
 p 
 
 TRUNKS, VALISES, &c. 
 
 No. 4 INN BLOCK,! 
 
 Public Square, i 
 
 Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 D D B ■ 
 
 9 
 
 mmAm'^w.A^'ww^immmm mw 
 
 And Wholesale Dealers iu 
 
 MM 
 
 O 
 
 No. 70 Publis Square, 
 
 Nashville, : Tennessee. 
 
 74 
 
BOOTS, SHOES AND HATS* 75 
 
 the prices paid insure the engagement of workmen of experience and 
 undoubted ability. 
 
 Boots, Shoes and Hats. 
 
 Perhaps we are not extravagant in asserting that, as a Boot, Shoe 
 and Hat market, Nashville takes rank among the first in the United 
 State-, and we feel confident that the argument we propose presenting 
 will sustain us in such assertion. T^he wholesale merchants and job- 
 bers engaged in the trade stand very high in Northern and Eastern 
 markets, and their credit is excellent. They are gentlemen of energy, 
 capital and promptness, and so far as competence and a thorough ac- 
 quaintance with the wants and specialties of the Southern coimtry 
 is concerned, are fully alive and posted. There are eight* exclusively 
 wholesale jobbing houses in the city, as follows : A. G. Adams & Co., 
 48 Public Square; Pigue, Manier & Hall, 50 Public Square; Car- 
 rick, Hollins & Co., 3 Inn Block, Public Square ; Wright, Hjooper 
 & Co., 76 Public Square; Hollins, Burton & Co., 77 Public Square; 
 Cook, Settle & Co., 36 Public Square; M. M. Trecy & Co., 3 Pub- 
 lic Square; and A. J. Francisco, 47 Public Square, (exclusive Hats 
 and Caps), beside about twenty retail establishments. But as the first 
 named sell to merchants only, we will particularize their trade. For 
 the year 1868 five of these houses alone reported sales to the amount 
 of $1,390,000, which was considered a big trade. But for the year 
 ending January 1st, 1870 — mark the change — the same five houses re- 
 ported actual sales at §1,782,000, which gives the handscnne increase 
 of l^hree Hundred and Ninety Thousand Dollars in twelve months, or 
 about thirty-three and a third per cent, improvement. And if the 
 sales of the other houses are taken in consideration, we think the 
 amount will go considerably over $2,000,000. Now we doubt if 
 there be another shoe market in America, of our proportions, that 
 can show a healthier increase, or more unmistakable success. And, 
 after making this exhibit, perhaps we are privileged to enumerate a 
 few of the many inducements that are held out by our jobbers. The 
 business is conducted, on the whole, /or cash, and consequently goods 
 can be, and are sold much lower than in markets that sell on time. 
 Large and well assorted stocks are kept here the year round, and re- 
 
 * The houses of Wright, Hooper & Co., and of Hollins, Burton & Co., are com- 
 posed partly of the firm of Rollins, Wright & Co. and partly by the admission of 
 new partners, but under separate and distinct names began business since January 
 Ist, 1870. 
 
A. G. ADAMB. 
 
 THOMAS GIBSON. 
 
 R. G. THRONE. 
 
 A 
 
 & UUoy 
 
 EXCLUSIVE WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 oots, bhoes 
 
 -AND 
 
 fXJ^ JL 
 
 » 
 
 ©« 
 
 (D '^W 
 
 :ftjbxjIO sQ;TJJ^..i^:e, 
 
 Nashville, Tennessee. 
 
 Keep constantly on hand a large and well selected stock 
 of everything in their line. 
 76 
 
BOOTS, SHOES AND HATS. 77 
 
 tail merchants, living in the adjoining counties and States, are not 
 necessarily compelled to buy more than a few weeks supply at one 
 time, thereby always keeping only fresh goods, and just such as their 
 customers want, avoiding the chances of old and unseasonable goods 
 that Eastern jobbers frequently palm off on unexperienced dealers. 
 They also save time, and traveling and freight expenses. Previous 
 to the war, Nashville done almost an exclusively credit business, and 
 as a matter of course, had a slow set of customers. But now how 
 vastly diiferent ! Operated on a cash basis, we have close, prompt 
 buyers, while the " slow-coaches " go farther East, buy on a credit, 
 pay more exorbitant prices, loose time, and violate the custom of pat- 
 ronizing merchants — that very custom that puts bread into their own 
 mouths. 
 
 Many changes have taken place in the past few years in the Boot 
 and Shoe Trade — those articles, like everything else made for wear, 
 being ruled by the stern fiats and whims of Fashion ; and what is in 
 season one year, is oftentimes obsolete, and considered quite out of 
 '^ style " in the next. But these changes have generally been for the 
 better ; and to cite an instance familiar to many of us, we will state, 
 that now-a-days a negro will not wear a **' Brogan Shoe," as in the 
 days of yore, but instead, must have a pair of " star boots," or an 
 " Oxford Tie," or some other casing for his pedal extremities with an 
 equally euphonious name, and made of material as equally soft and 
 pliable. And so too, with females of that lately elevated race ; they 
 now no more think of wearing anything short o^ cloth gaiters — which, 
 par parenthesis, usually range in sizes from Nos. 6 to 9 — than would 
 our most fashionable belles condescend to hide their dainty feet in the 
 casiugs of " ancient Africa." The result of all these revolutions has 
 been to force dealers to buy nothing but the most stylish and best 
 articles, and in this respect, Nashville jobbers are distanced by 
 none. 
 
 One fact which stamps the superior advantages of Nashville, as a 
 wholesale boot and shoe market, is this : at least fifty per cent, of the 
 supplies sold by the retail merchants of the city is bought of Nash- 
 ville Jobbers and Importers — the latter buying their goods exclusively 
 from manufacturers, and in many cases having the goods made for 
 their express orders, and on as favorable terms as any Jobbing House 
 of New York, Philadelphia, or Boston, can sell just as cheap as any 
 of them. And another, which occurs to us just here, we will state. 
 Wholesale jobbers, being more extensive buyers than retailers, control 
 the man>/facturers, and whenever they are found working against their 
 
(.1 
 
 Boots, Shoes 
 
 Mm® Si If ©^ St®a© Ppoatf 
 
 PUBLiIO SQUAREi^ 
 
 9 9 
 
 e 9 
 
 We design keeping constantly on hand full lines of the 
 above Goods, many of which we have 
 
 MANUFACTURED FOR THIS MARKET, 
 
 And confidently assure the Trade of our ability to com- 
 pete in point of 
 
 PRICES, STYLES AND QUALITIES, 
 
 with ANY HOUSE of the kind in the country. 
 
 PIGUE, MANIER & HALL. 
 
 78 
 
CARRICK,HOLLmS&CO. 
 
 -DEALERS IN- 
 
 BOOTS, SHOES, 
 
 AND 
 
 
 » 
 
 No. 3 IDSTN BLOCK, 
 
 Nashville, Tennessee. 
 
 We will duplicate Bills bought of any Jobbing House in 
 
 the United States. 
 
 79 
 
80 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 interest, as is their right, often withdraw their patronage. Perhaps, 
 this never occurred to the minds of retailers, but it is true neverthe- 
 less. Then, the choice lays between the jobbers of Nashville and 
 those of other cities, not between the former and manufacturers. 
 
 Hardware. 
 
 The Hardware business is one of those indefinite, comprehensive 
 and collective departments of trade, that includes in its details so 
 many articles that it is indeed a most difficult matter to decipher the 
 exact amount of business that is actually carried on in our city. In 
 its variety may be found all the appendages of the mechanic arts, 
 from a " rat-tail file " to a huge circular mill-saw — articles as various 
 in appearances, sizes and uses, as can well be imagined. 
 
 The Hardware trade of Nashville, before the war, was done by 
 seven houses, with an aggregate capital of $195,000 — the greater part 
 of which, probably $100,000, was confined to two houses — and the 
 greatest amount ever sold by on^ house annually, in those days, was 
 about $155,000 ; and the aggregate sales of all, something near $490,- 
 000. At the present time there are ten houses engaged in the trade, and 
 are located as follows : Craighead, Breast & Gibson, 45 Public Square ; 
 Gray & Kirkman, 52 North College street ; Ewing & McClaugherty, 
 31 Public Square; Macey & Brown, 29 Public Square; Fall, 
 Spain & Fall, 26 Public Square ; Hamilton & Cunningham, 23 Pub- 
 lic Square ; Fred. Terrass & Co., 49 North College ; A. M. Tennison 
 & Co., 88 South Market ; Hughes & Anderson, 28 Broad ; and 
 Smith & Griffith, 56 Broad streets. Of these, the house of Messrs. 
 Craighead, Breast & Gibson, are exclusively wholesale. These houses 
 represent an aggregate capital ol $300,000, while, if the houses who 
 sell Hardware in conjunction with other goods such as tinware, iron 
 and government goods are counted in, the invested capital will be aug- 
 mented to about $360,000, who present sales this year of over one milUon 
 dollars, or 7no7'e than one hundred per cent, increase over sales prior to 
 the war, and when we consider the fact that formerly the Hardware 
 Houses sold great quantities of nails, which are now handled almost 
 exclusively by the grocery houses, the difference will appear, as it re- 
 ally is, much greater, 
 
 A great improvement is noticeable in the quality of goods sold at 
 present, compared with those sold in ante belliim times, owing in part 
 to the fixt that the negroes have become direct purchasers instead of 
 consumers. The low grades of pocket and table cuttlery are rapidly 
 
T. D. CRAIGHEAD. A. A. BREAST. JO. GIBSON. 
 
 CRAUHEAD, BREAST & GIBSON, 
 
 IMPORTERS AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 HARDWARE, 
 
 CUTLERY, &c. 
 
 m mill aciosiviiy mm\i nm m 
 
 CRAIGHEAD, BREAST & GIBSON, 
 
 No. 3 Hicks' Block, Xashville, Tenn., 
 
 ANNOUNCE TO MERCHANTS ONLY, 
 
 That they have in store a full and complete assortment of 
 
 Hard^Tv^are, Cutlery, etc. 
 
 Our stock is ENTIEELY NEW, having been bought since the late 
 fire. Merchants visiting Nashville will 
 
 Save Money by examining our Stock before Purcliasing Elsewhere. 
 
 No Old. Stock of any kind on handi 
 
 AGENTS FOR 
 ir<A.IRBA>TK:»S SCAHjES, TT-IRE-PROOF SAFES, 
 
 And other important specialties." 
 6 81 
 
82 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 disappearing from the shelves of Hardware dealers and " Jim Crow 
 Cards " are almost obsolete. Axes, too, have undergone a change, 
 and in place of those weighing 6 or 6^ pounds, the call is almost 
 universally for those weighing from 4 to 5 pounds, and in a great 
 many instances even lighter. Then again, before the war, probably, 
 there were not more than a hundred kegs of horse-shoes sold in Nash- 
 ville in an entire year, while to-day the sales of this article will reach 
 many thousands of kegs. This last instance is duo to the fact that 
 formerly almost every farmer had about his plantation a negro black- 
 smith, who made all such articles for home consumption. But, with 
 his new found freedom, the "man and brother" has forever turned 
 his back on such pursuits, and consumers are forced to obtain their 
 supplies from Importers and Jobbers. Another feature of its trans- 
 mogrification we might also mention in this connection, too. We al- 
 lude to the trade in Plows and various other Agricultural Imple- 
 ments, formerly dealt in by Hardware men, but which is now, for the 
 most part, confined to regular Agricultural Implement Warehouses, 
 where it legitmately belongs. A great many more instances in this 
 connection could be mentioned, if it were deemed necessary, but we 
 will now pass to a consideration of the advantages Nashville possesses 
 for the prompt and cheap distribution of goods purchased of her mer- 
 chants. 
 
 Outside of the question of rents between Nashville and other large 
 cities, which, by the way, is a circumstance most decidedly in her 
 favor, there is another important advantage which is well worthy the 
 consideration of country dealers, and which is the incontrover- 
 tible fact that in proportion to the business done by them, Nashville 
 merchants operate on more capital than the merchants of almost any 
 city in America. They are at all times able to pay cash for their 
 stocks and thereby obtain larger discounts than those who buy on 
 time, and this extrcv discount mill put the goods in their houses, and even 
 if the Nashville merchant does sell goods at the same price as his 
 Eastern rival, he makes more clear money on them. 
 
 The foregoing are not, by any means, all the proofs that could be 
 adduced to show the advantageous position of Nashville, but we will, 
 for the present, desist and point to at least one irrefragable argument 
 in defense of the assertions we have made. It is this, in almost every 
 hamlet, village and cross-roads in Middle Tennessee, North Alabama 
 and North Georgia there are merchants who buy all of their supplies 
 in Nashville, selling alongside of those who trade in New York, 
 they sell at the same price, get them home in less time, are able to 
 
JOHN KIRKMAN. J. M. GRAY 
 
 GRAY & KIRKMAN, 
 
 IMPORTERS AND JOBBERS OF 
 
 HARDWARE, BUNS AND OUTIERT, 
 
 Hall's Fire and Burglar Proof Safes, 
 
 Huddart's Platform Scales, 
 
 Miller's Steel Plows, 
 
 Boston Belting Company, 
 
 Shoenberger's Nail Works, 
 No. 52 NORTH COLLEGE STREET, 
 
 lsr.A.SS:-V"IILjIl.E, TEHS risrESSElB. 
 
 DAVID HUGHES. JOHN H. ANDERSON. 
 
 HUGHES & ANDERSON, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 lEON CASTINaS, NAILS, PLOWS, AaEICULTUEAL IMPLEMENTS, 
 
 ■W.A.G}- O N, EXFRKSS ANT) BTJG-G-Y M: A.TE R I A.L S. 
 
 AGENTS FOR THE 
 
 HAZARD & MIAMI POWDER COMPANY'S RIFLE, 8P0RTIS6, MlJfISS AND BLASTING POWDERS, 
 
 No. 28 Broad Street, between Market and Collegre Streets, 
 
 KTASH^^ILriE, ----__ TK]SrN"ESSEE:. 
 
 S. N. MACEY. ~ A. R. BROWN 
 
 MACEY & BR0WN,l 
 
 IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 
 
 Hardware & Cutlery, 
 
 MECHANICS' TOOLS, GUNS, AMMUNITION, 
 Gnm Sc Leather. Belting, Gum &, Hemp Packing, 
 
 BOLTING CLOTHS AND CIRCULAR SAWS, 
 
 West Side Public Square, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 83 
 
84 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 recuperate their broken stocks at any time within a very few days, 
 which he who buys in New York cannot do in less than three weeks. 
 So far as the stocks kept by our merchants are concerned, they will 
 be found as large and as well selected, and assorted as in any city. 
 Well informed dealers have communicated to us the fact that in 
 3IetropoUtan New Yorh^ houses, doing a business of more than a mil- 
 lion dollars a year, have not the stocks on hand, nor the display; 
 neither are their houses near so imposing, or conveniently arranged, 
 as those in Nashville; for in truth, as regards the three last named 
 considerations, we pride ourselves on having the most perfect speci- 
 mens of Hardware Houses in America. 
 
 Iron. 
 
 Probably, in no one branch of her general business is Nashville 
 better known than in her Iron Trade, the superiority of her houses in 
 this respect being very generally conceded. The abundance of iron 
 produced in the vicinity of Nashville, the accessibility of its vast de- 
 posits, and its consequent cheapness, have naturally concentrated at- 
 tention upon its advantages, as well as extended its uses ; while the 
 fame of our dealers, as well as that of our engineers and machinists, 
 who do noty and furthermore, will not, use any other, attracts from 
 abroad a large and constantly increasing patronage. From the lights 
 before us, and by anticipating what we propose proving elsewhere, it 
 is very manifest that Nashville is situated in the district entitled to 
 be called the center of the Iron production of the South. It is further 
 manifest that the center of the Iron interest is likely to remairi in the 
 district tributary to Nashville, inasmuch as the business has been an 
 increasing one, and the establishments situated within its limits have 
 been able to survive disasters that have borne down those in other 
 places; and consequently, there must exist circumstances peculiarly 
 favorable to its progress. This progress is unmistakable, and, as we 
 have it from well-posted dealers, made itself apparent during the 
 year 18Gl9, by an increase of business fully 25 per cent, which, at a 
 minimum calculation, brings it up in financial value to the palmiest 
 days of our city. This increase, if anything, shows too a decided 
 gain, since not only has the old trade sought our doors, but has 
 brought with it a large run of custom, hitherto uncontrolled by 
 Nashville. The sale of Iron alone, in our city, during the year 1869, 
 at a low estimate, will reach ^300,000, and is divided between the 
 
ONLY MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 GIECOiL REFINED BLOOM IRON, 
 
 Charcoal Kentucky Iron, 
 
 ALSO, KEEP A STOCK OF 
 
 OHIO RIVER B IROIsr. 
 
 Nails, Spikes, Horse and Mule Shoes, Horse Shoe Nails, 
 Anvils, Vises, Steel, Brown's Bellows, Hammers and 
 Sledges, Wagon and Buggy Axles, Springs, Steel 
 Plow Plate, Wagon Boxes, Castings, Thim- 
 ble Skeins, Crow Bars, Nuts and Washers, 
 Carriages and Wagon Bolts, Two- 
 Horse Wagons, Plows, and a 
 
 FULL STOCK OF WAGON AND CARRIAGE WOOD-WORK. 
 
 Orders Promptly Filled. 
 
 52 and 54 North Market Street, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 85 
 
86 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 following houses : Hillman, Bro. & Sons,* 52 and 54 North Market 
 street ; Dickey & Smith, 8 Clark, and 7 Church streets ; A. M. Per- 
 rine & Co. 26 South Market; French Bros., 62 and 64 South Mar- 
 ket; R. F. Adams, 66 South Market; and Smith & Griffith, 56 
 Broad street. In addition these houses have in connection with their 
 Iron interests, large and varied stocks of heavy Hardware, Wagon- 
 makers' materials, and Machinists' and Blacksmiths' Tools and Outfits 
 embracing such leading articles articles as Anvils, Vises, Bellows, 
 Hammers, Chains, Nuts, Bolts, Washers, etc., and Spokes, Hubs, 
 Felloes, etc., the aggregate sales of which will amount to not less than 
 ^200,000, making the volume of business in Iron and articles as- 
 similating, not less than half a million of dollars. 
 
 Returning to the subject under discussion, we feel safe in saying 
 that the justly celebrated Tennessee Iron made in the neighborhood 
 of, and sold in, the houses of Nashville dealers, is of a quality superior, 
 and price cheaper, than any similar article manufactured and sold else- 
 where in the United States. We are certain that many will consider 
 this an assertion extremely hazardous; but we feel entirely safe in 
 affirming it, and fearlessly point, as proof, to hundreds of instances 
 where it has received the encomiums of manufacturers and dealers, 
 not only in this, but in all sections of our country where it has been 
 properly introduced and given a "fair showing." 
 
 Agricultural Implements and Seeds. 
 
 As in various other branches, we have experienced considerable 
 difficulty in determining a reasonable approximation of the sales made, 
 so in that branch of business known as the Agricultural Implement 
 and Seed Trade, we have had almost insurmountable barriers to over- 
 
 *The Messrs. Hillman, Bro. & Sons, are the owners and proprietors of the Tennes- 
 see Rolling Mills, located on the Cumberland River. They employ three hundred 
 men, and turn out eighteen to twenty tons of finished material, embracing all sizes of 
 round, square, flat, sheet and boiler Irons, and from twenty-five to thirty tons of char- 
 coal bloom, scrap bloom and puddled Irons, per day. They also own and work the 
 most extensive mines in the South, situated in close proximity to the Rolling Mills, 
 where they employ an additional force of two hundred and fifty men, and turn out from 
 2,500 to 3,000 tons of the very best coal-blast charcoal pig-iron known in the Union- 
 Thig firm are the (mly manufacturers of the justly-celebrated Tennessee Boiler Iron, 
 which has been made by the present and by preceding firms for a period of thirty-five 
 years, and of which they have yet to learn for the first time, of a single collapse or 
 explosion arising from its defective qualities. They are also the only manufacturers 
 of a second quality of Iron, branded, "H., B. & S. Ky.," which they claim is the best 
 cheap Iron, for strength as per tensile test, of any in the United States. 
 
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND SEEDS. 87 
 
 come. This trade combines that of home manufacture and of im- 
 portation; but, judging that it is more entitled to a place among 
 commercial pursuits than among home productions, we have assigned 
 it a position here. Similar to the hardware trade, its locality is inde- 
 finable, and various causes have scattered it over the city. To illus- 
 trate: a large number of the leading wholesale groceries and drug 
 stores keep all kinds of Field and Garden Seeds, and all the Hard- 
 ware Houses, with many groceries and Iron Establishments, deal 
 more or less in Implements and Machinery, but principally Plows, 
 for the accommodation of their customers. This approximation, then, 
 applies only to those houses recognized as legitimate Agricultural 
 Implement houses, whose sales during 1869 amounted to $300,000, 
 and which are located as follows: T. H. Jones & Co., 2 and 4 Col- 
 lege street, corner of Church; T. W. Weller, 53 and 55 Broad; A. 
 M. Perrine & Co., 26 South Market; J. P. Dale, 79 South Market; 
 Horton, McRoberts & Co., 30 Broad ; and J. R. Paul & Co., 66 
 South College. 
 
 The increase in this branch of business, in the past few years, has 
 been extraordinary, arising chiefly from the change in our labor sys- 
 tem, which is causing an unprecedented demand for everything that 
 will economize time, labor and expense. Under the old regime, or 
 "ante-war" system of farming, nearly all planters owned a blacksmith 
 and wood workman, who, in some sort of way, managed to "botch" 
 the kinds of tillage implements and tools of husbandry then used, 
 which were almost as primitive in st^'le and manipulation, compared 
 with the improved implements of the present day, as was the rude 
 substitute of Cincinnatus with their ingenious inventions. During 
 the war, of course, progress in this respect ceased ; but, waking from 
 her dormant state, with all the bases and appliances of the old system 
 swept away, the South has, more rapidly than could have been reason- 
 ably expected, adopted such improvements in, and principles of, agri- 
 cultural economy as are already telling loudly in the increased yield 
 of her productions, notwithstanding a heavy decrease in the manual 
 labor performed. With the returning strength of the South, too, 
 comes a demand based on the necessities of the consumers of this 
 section, which will increase with every year. The ratio of increase 
 in sales for the year 1869, over 1868, is at least, one hundred per 
 cent. This year, it is confidently expected, the trade of that season 
 Avill be more than doubled. 
 
 It is gratifying to observe that the demand for Machinery and Im- 
 plements of a heavier grade, especially in Plows, is rapidly on the 
 
SOUTHERN FARMER'S DEPOT! 
 
 T. H. JONES & CO., 
 
 Nos, 2 & 4 COLLEGE STREET, 
 
 CORNER CHURCH, 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENN. 
 
 MAKUFACTURERS OF AND DEALERS IK 
 
 IMPROY[D IIJIRICIILIURU IMPLIMENTS, 
 
 Farming Machinery, Field 8eeds,^\, &c. 
 
 We Manufacture the fol- 
 lowing valuable Imple- 
 ments and Machines which 
 
 we WARRANT in EVERY 
 
 RESPECT, and recommend 
 as the best of the kind, for ^^ 
 all practical purposes, ever 
 introduced into the South. 
 
 The best Wheat Fan, Grain and Seed Separator, and Smut 
 
 Machine Combined, in existence. 
 The best Walking Cultivator, or Gang Plow, 
 
 With One Man and Two Horses can do the work of Four Men with 
 Bull Tongue Plows. 
 
 THE BEST HARROWS, 
 
 (All Sizes and Styles.) 
 
 THE BEST CHURNS, 
 
 gr~zg^li£v-.,x^ "'»-~^- ^ (Warranted to give satisfaction.) 
 
 The BEST DOUBLE SHOVEL PLOWS, made of Seasoned Timber, 
 with Polished Steel Blades. 
 -A- XjIbee-^a^Xj jdiscotjistt to IDIE^^LEI^S. 
 
 SKUD FOR ILiI^USTRATED €ATA1.0«UE AND PRICE L,IST. 
 
 T. H. JONES Sc CO., 
 
 Nashville, Tennessee. 
 
 88 
 
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENTS AND SEEDS. 89 
 
 increase. The ruinous plan practiced by a large majority of planters 
 and farmers, for years past, of merely scratohing the surface of the 
 ground three or four inches deep, year after year, until all the sub- 
 stance that could be drawn from the over-taxed soil had been carried 
 off by cotton, grain or other productions, and some of the finest tilla- 
 ble lands of the country turned out as old sedge fields, not worth 
 working, while underneath lay a rich sub-soil, which, to the thinking, 
 progressive farmer, would prove a mine of wealth, has given way to 
 the more enlightened system and common sense plan of feeding the 
 hungry soil by giving it sustenance from its own bosom — the natural 
 source from which, with proper cultivation, it might all be drawn. 
 Large Plows are being extensively used, and many of the best farm- 
 ers of our country are breaking the ground from eight to ten inches 
 deep, with the most gratifying and profitable results. Deep plowing 
 is now the motto, and with the present feeling we may hope soon to 
 see all our waste land reclaimed and made as valuable as formerly. 
 
 Nashville is the legitimate market of the South, and possesses many 
 superior advantages. Advantages that, to any but short-sighted dea- 
 lers, are readily apparent. Both for commercial reasons and for the 
 establishment of manufactures, does she stand as a breakwater to the 
 cities north of Mason & Dixon's line, — for we do not consider Louis- 
 ville, in the least, a competitor in this line of trade — her principal 
 feature being the manufacture of Plows — and she certainly can claim 
 nothing in point of location and in prices of Improved Machinery. 
 The stocks of Nashville dealers are ample and comprehensive. All 
 kinds of Improved Machinery and Implements are to be met with in 
 their warehouses, embracing in part, Reapers, Mowers, Threshers, 
 Wheat Drills, Corn, Cotton Cultivators, Fans, Cleaners, Gins, Presses, 
 Corn Shellers, Cider Mills, and a long list of articles that, in this utili- 
 tarin age, have come into use. They are bought directly from the 
 manufacturers, and are given on better terms, all things considered, 
 than the farmer or retail dealer will meet with elsewhere. 
 
 The Seed Trade of Nashville, though in comparison with many 
 other branches, one of limited extent, is nevertheless entitled to con- 
 sideration, when discussing the industrial pursuits of our citizens. 
 From its nature, it cannot be expected that we should count the 
 amount of sales by extended figures — one hundred and hcenty-jive 
 thousand dollars being a fair aggregate; but the reputation which our 
 city sustains, in this especial branch, is more worthy of note than the 
 amount of sales, however large they may be. As we shall take ad- 
 vantage of every point where practical suggestions, that may lead 
 
90 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 to profitable results, may be made, we take occasion here to impress 
 upon the agriculturalists of our productive country the importance of 
 seed raising. There is not a single vegetable that is produced in the 
 South — and none others need be wanted — but will bring forth as good, 
 and if anything, better Seed, than those raised in more northerly cli- 
 mates ; and Seed, like everything else of God's creation, by the happy 
 process of acclimitation, being " native and to the manor born," 
 prove, practically, their adaptation to the soil from whence they 
 sprung. From the papers of Philadelphia and other Eastern cities, 
 we find that the Seed trade of those sections is of immense propor- 
 tions, and that many tons are annually shipped to the British Posses- 
 ions, to India and South America, the West Indies and the shores of 
 the Pacific, and if our people would but profit by these facts, and 
 raise their own Seed, hundreds of thousands of dollars would be re- 
 tained in our State annually, to say nothing of the new branches of 
 industry that would spring up in connection therewith. 
 
 Drugs and Chemicals. 
 
 As a Wholesale Drug and Chemical Market, Nashville, it is said, 
 is fully equal to any importing market in the West, both in the 
 amount of its business, as welt as its advantages, while the abundance 
 of capital employed in its conduct, enables our dealers, at all seasons, 
 to be well supplied with the amplest and most varied stocks to be met 
 with in the Southwest, and which they are fully prepared to, and we 
 believe do, undersell any competing market that is not extensively 
 engaged in the manufacture of standard articles. As a class of mer- 
 chants, they enjoy the most enviable reputation for liberality, fairness 
 and reliability, while extended experience has not only been a good 
 schoolmaster to them in the way of teaching them to select none but 
 goods of the purest, freshest and most exact natures, but has given 
 them decided knowledge of the wants and demands of the Southern 
 trade. That they are uniformly conscientious in their figures, a steady 
 and influential trade, — wedded to these, their idols, fully attests, and 
 that they sell as low as can be sold from manufacturers' first prices, is 
 undeniable. Their stocks, as before stated, are always ample and well 
 assorted, and embrace almost innumerable articles included under the 
 general heads of Drugs, Chemicals, Medicines, Paints, Oils, Dye 
 Stuffs, Perfumery, Fancy Articles, etc., etc., many of which are as 
 familiar in the mouths of the "initiated" as household words. 
 
 They also deal largely in Window-Glass of all sizes and qualities? 
 
LITTERER & CABLER, 
 
 
 Druggists, 
 
 I^EAUERB IN 
 
 PUEE DRUGS, MDICffiES, PAETS, 
 
 Oils. Pye STufis, Perftuuery k Fancy Irticles. 
 
 pufj; toes asp eeaeieis foe ledicijlal peposes, 
 P-:^te:s^t medici:s"es.<^c.. 
 
 Auta 
 
 LETTER. CAP ^ NOTE PAPERS, 
 
 POTS. FEKaLS. SrPEKIOK OTKS. 
 
 ▲K]> «»THr.K AKTirXXfit ILI.ST ITT I»KT'«4«IKTft CaEKESAia T . 
 
 Hi£:hest Cash Price always paid for Ginseng, Beeswax, 
 
 Flaxseed, Lc, 
 LITTERER A: CABLER. 
 
 IPHDLELALr imUftGIETE. SOmVEF.!! nOL IvlitlLl & l...iJ:irr RTR. 
 PI 
 
as (9 ^E* JA. aa s. k » sk s: s> jl 9 :s a . 
 
 BERRY, DEMOYILLE & CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE 
 
 Druggists, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 MEDICINES, PAINTS, SEEDS, CIGARS, TOBACCO, etc, 
 
 SOLE PROPRIETORS OF 
 
 DEMOVILLE'S ANTI-FEVER FILLS, 
 
 Demoville's Compound Syrup of Prickly Ash, 
 
 Demoville's Jaundice & Anti-Dyspeptic Tonic, 
 
 DEMOTItliE'S TEGETABI.E COUGH MIXTURE, 
 
 DEMOVILLE'S COMPOUND CHLOROFORM LINIMENT, 
 Demoville's Compo-and Dysentery Cordial, 
 
 Dcffloyille's All Healing Oliilmeiil, Demoyille's Pile Ointment, Demoyille's 
 
 FINE AROMATIC ORANGE STOMACH BITTERS, 
 5 dc 6 PUBLIC SQUARE, 
 
 SAMUEL KINKADE. JAS. N. WHITE. GEO. L. COWAN. JNO. B. HANDLY. 
 
 KINKADE, HANDLY & CO., 
 
 Wholesale Druggists, 
 
 NOS. 63 and 64 PUBIilC SQUARE, 
 
 ISTash-ville, - - Tenn. 
 
 92 
 
DRUGS AND CHEMICALS. 93 
 
 and a number of them carry on, in connection with their general busi- 
 ness, the manufacture of various standard articles, such as " Bitters," 
 Perfumes, Soaps, etc., etc., all of which have an extensive sale, and 
 are well known by merchants trading with Nashville. They are also 
 Importers of and Jobbers in various Pharmaceutical Implements and 
 Surgeons' Instruments, together with a legion of useful and highly 
 necessary articles that are found in all first-class houses of their 
 character. 
 
 These enterprising, extensive and responsible houses, five in num- 
 ber, to whom it gives us pleasure to refer to as representing the 
 Wholesale Drug interests of Nashville, are as follows : Messrs. Ber- 
 ry, Demoville & Co., 5 and 6 Public Square ; Ewin, Pendleton & 
 Co., 58 Public Square ; Kinkade, Handly & Co., 63 and 64 Public 
 Square ; R. P. Jenkins, 39 North Market ; and Litterer & Cabler, 
 corner Broad and Market streets. The sales of this trade last year 
 amounted to fully nine hundred thousand dollars — at an underesti- 
 mate. The limits of this branch of business penetrates into nearly 
 every State in the South, and with its thirty-three and a third per 
 cent increase over sales prior to the war, gives most fair and flattering 
 promise of a wide future extension. 
 
 China, Queensware and Q-lass. 
 
 In this department we are represented by two extensive wholesale 
 houses and by some eight or ten retail establishments. The former 
 are Messrs. Hicks, Houston & Co., 45 Public Square, (No. 2 Hicks' 
 Block), and 51 North College, and Messrs. Campbell & Spire, 78 
 Public Square. They import largely and ship to hundreds of cus- 
 tomers to the South, East and West of us. The annual business for 
 the current time will approximate $500,000, being fully an increase 
 of twenty-five per cent, over ante bellum figures. Perhaps one-fourth 
 of the entire sales consist of table-glass, and fully 3000 crates of 
 goods are sold here each year. Although they have a disadvantage 
 in inland freights, they have a more counterbalancing advantage in 
 cheap rents, clerk hire and more economical living, than in most 
 other cities. And since as little transportation as possible is an all- 
 important point in buying such destructible wares, it stands to reason 
 that the nearer the market the better it is for purchasers, and then, 
 too, our china-men claim to duplicate any bills from regular import- 
 ing houses anywhere in the United States, only adding necessary 
 freight charges. Such argument is made still more forcible when we 
 
A. H. HICKS. TSO. Q. HOUSTON. T. D. FTTLLEB. H. B. PLXrMMBR. 
 
 TOTHETKADE! 
 
 We have In store and to arrive, an extra large stock of 
 
 QUIENSWARE, GLASS AND CHINA, 
 
 WHICH WE DE.SIRE TO SELL TO 
 
 MERCHANTS ONLY, 
 
 AT THE LOWEST MARKET PRICE FOR CASH. 
 
 "Would be pleased to have all who deal in the above li^e of goods, to 
 call and examine our stock. 
 
 XO GOODS SOI.I> TO CO^TSVMERS AT THIS HOUSE. 
 
 HICKS, HOUSTON& CO., 
 
 43 JPublic Square, - - Nashville, Tennessee, 
 
 TO ooi<rsTJDv./i:EiK.s. 
 
 For the convenience and wants of those wishing to purchase at 
 Eetail, we have fitted up, at ^considerable expense, a First Class 
 House, at 
 
 51 NORTH COLLEGE STREET, 
 
 Where may be found every article in our line, from the Common Cup 
 and Saucer to the Finkst China. Also, Fine Table Cutlery, Sil- 
 ver Plated Ware, of the best quality, consisting of Castors, But- 
 ter Dishes, Forks and Spoons, &c., «&c.. Chandeliers and Lamps, ; 
 in great variety, Bar Fixtures, Looking Glasses. In fact every 
 thing that is usually kept in a First Class Eetail China Store. 
 
 HICKS, HOUSTON & CO. 
 
 94 
 
C. A. CAMPBELL. 
 
 B. W. SPIRE. 
 
 CJUHFBEIL&SFIIIE 
 
 [Sncccssors to EE. Campbell.] 
 
 IMPOKTERS & DEALERS IjN" 
 
 C H I ]sr.A. 
 
 IMPORTERS OF ' 
 
 ;q13EBNS WARE; 
 rnlNA&GLASSWARE, 
 
 ^^''^VILLE.T^" 
 
 No. 78 Public Square, 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 95 
 
96 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 remind our mercantile readers that Nashville Importers are genuine 
 Importers — and obtain their China and Queensware Goods direct from 
 the English and French Potteries. They buy but little, save glass 
 from the American manufactories, and from our own personal knowl- 
 edge we could recite instances where Southern merchants have gone 
 to New York to purchase supplies and have returned to Nashville to 
 buy their Queensware and Glass, the difference of prices not being 
 sufficient to pay the additional freight charges. 
 
 Furniture. 
 
 It has required no very great degree of observation in us, in gath- 
 ering the notes herein contained, to notice the great progress made in 
 Nashville in the Furniture or Cabinet business, both in point of taste 
 and extent of dealings, the present year, compared with a few years 
 back. Only a short while since, there were but few Furniture Stores 
 in the city, none of them on an extensive scale, only keeping, as they 
 did, samples of the styles of goods in fashion, relying first on orders 
 from their customers before procuring the desired supplies. A spring- 
 seat sofa was then a luxury — almost a novelty; and, so far as the legion 
 of highly useful and ornamental pieces that, from their cheapness, 
 are now within the reach of almost every one, such things would have 
 been deemed truly gorgeous "in our grandfathers' days." But we 
 are progressing day by day, and things are not by any means what 
 they were formerly. The Southern demand, which is proverbially 
 fastidious and luxurious in the choice of Furniture, is largely sup- 
 plied from this market; and, with this increasing demand, there has 
 been a corresponding improvement both in taste and design ; and it 
 may be well doubted whether any of the cities of the United States 
 exhibit more magnificent displays than can be seen in the Cabinet 
 warehouses of this city. The style of Furniture most in vogue now is 
 Walnut, highly polished and finished in oil, although our dealers are 
 well stocked with all classes of Mahogany, Rosewood, Oak, Cherry, 
 etc., embracing almost every style of Parlor, Bedroom, Office, Hall, 
 3nd Dining-Room Sets, and which they claim to sell as low as in any 
 other competing market, guaranteeing entire satisfaction in charges 
 and in quality of goods sold. 
 
 The leading Furniture Houses of Nashville are located as follows : 
 N. L. Greenfield, 17 North College; Weakley & Warren, 8 North 
 College; Bradford Nichol, 25 and 27 North College; Rich & Kreig, 
 12 North College; Taylor, Barry & Vedder, 24 North College; 
 
m w 
 
 N. L. GREENFIELD, 
 
 Nos. 15 A 17 College St.^ 
 
 EST^BXjISHEEID IIsT 184=4:! 
 
 BEDSTEADS, BUREAUS, WASHSTANDS, WARDROBES, 
 Center, Dining, Work and Extension Tables, Stands, &c. 
 
 Cottage I^urnitiipe 
 
 IN WALNUT, OAK AND MAHOGANY, 
 
 SIDE BOARDS, DINING-ROOM CHAIRS, CANE-SEAT, 
 
 RATTAN-SEAT, AND SPLIT-BOTTOM 
 
 CHAIRS, ROCKING CHAIRS AND 
 
 OFFICE FURNITURE. 
 
 OUR STOCK OF 
 IS ALAVAYS CO]Vir»JL.ETE;. 
 
 We constantly keep on hand a full stock of Furniture, and guar- 
 antee all goods we sell. 
 
 With twenty-six years' experience in, and steady attention to 
 business, we claim to sell as LOW AS THE LOAVEST, and always 
 THE BEST WOKK. 
 
 SSa^ The elegant Furniture, now in use at the Maxwell House, 
 was purchased through this house. 
 
 Partionlar attention given to Packing &. Shipping. 
 
 (N. L. GREENFIELD, 
 
 «:;c»xjsjs:«-je: s'a?»s:s:'3c. 
 
 Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 97 
 
98 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 McKoin & Co., 56 North College; A. Karseh & Co., 5 North Col- 
 lege ; and Meis & Kahn, 57 Broad street. Each of these firms are 
 extensively engaged in the trade, and several of them are large mau- 
 nfacturers, whose workings shall be spoken of elsewhere. The com- 
 bined business of these, during 1869, amounted to not less than 
 $750,000. 
 
 Groceries. 
 
 The trade of Nashville in Groceries, it may be, is not so large in 
 bulk as before the war ; but, perhaps, in financial amount, is much 
 greater. Since the war, each year^ there has been a constant increase, 
 until to-day it covers a larger scope of country than at any time since 
 the cessation of hostilities ; but we can hardly, as yet, be said to have 
 gained our former commercial relations with the extreme portions of 
 South Carolina, Georgia and Alabama, With six railroads already 
 established, leading into Nashville, river transportation has to a great 
 extent, been dispensed with ; and our merchants, disregarding water 
 communications, do not, as in former years, await the " tidal wave" 
 for receipts or shipments. Notwithstanding this, the river is of no 
 inconsiderable benefit to the Grocery Trade, and materially assists in 
 its competition to greatly reduce freights, and prevent exorbitant 
 charges. 
 
 Both in its Wholesale and Retail Branches, the Grocery Trade of 
 Nashville engages the attention of more merchants than any other 
 vocation. In all portions of the city may be found its spacious ware- 
 houses, one day being filled, and the next emptied of their immense 
 stocks; for it is a well-known fact that the business is one of the 
 most active and vivacious of mercantile pursuits. Then, too, on every 
 street and thoroughfare, one meets the throngs of well-laden drays 
 and ponderous transfer wagons, rolling on in their busy career, which, 
 joined to the shouts of the almost innumerable army of teamsters, and 
 draymen, and porters, and laborers — all highly essential features of 
 the trade, present a truthful panorama of bustle and business. New 
 houses are being established — costly and capacious buildings erected, 
 in keeping with the increased demands cf the trade. New sections 
 of country, rich in resources, are being made tributary, until it now 
 stands out bold and significant in its prominence. To meet this de- 
 mand, how are our merchants prepared? Go into the warehouses, 
 and if an appearance of quantity and variety please the eye, it is here 
 in perfection. Coffee, from the West Indies and Brazil, and Tea from 
 
A. G. EWING. E. H. EWING, C. N. DAVIS. 
 
 EWING & CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCERS, 
 
 Commission Merchants, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC UQUORS, 
 
 NOS. 14 & 16 SOUTH MARKET STREET, 
 
 NASHVILLE, TE]^^I^^, 
 
 99 
 
S. B. SPUKLOCK. GEO. J. GOODRICH. J. M. SPURLOCK, 
 
 S. B. SPURI.OGK <£ CO., 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCERS & COTTON FACTORS 
 
 No. 38 corner College and Broad Streets, 
 
 ExclnstTC Agents for Annis Sbeetlngrs and Central Cotton Tarns. 
 
 R. L. WEAKLEY, 
 
 mmm GnocfR, cojiinissioii mmm, 
 
 AND DEALER IN 
 
 :PK,o"v^ision^s, 
 
 No. 6 North. College Street, 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 K. J. MORRIS. T. E. 8TRA':T0N 
 
 MORRIS i& STRATTOm^ 
 
 Wholesale Grocers, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC 
 
 LIQUORS, 
 
 21 and 23 North Market Street, 
 
 W. W. TOTTEN & BRO. 
 
 I9IPORTERS AND DEAIiERS IN 
 
 .^^ffl lOfes. ,^^%^. J^^ ^^1® "^^^ ^P *l^!i J^^ 
 
 CANNED FRUITS, LIQUORS & TOBACCO, 
 
 26 and 28 North College St,^ 
 
 3srj^sHC"miiiXjE, ----- TEisrisr. 
 
 100 
 
D. H. BAILEY. "ENRY SPERRY. 
 
 Late of Bailey, Ordway & Co. 
 
 BAILiSY A SPSRRY^ 
 
 Successor* to BAILET, OJIDWAY & CO. 
 
 "WHOLESALE aHOCERS, 
 Commission Merchants, 
 
 AND DEALEKS IN 
 
 WINES, LIQUORS, CIGARS, TOBACCO, FLOUR, Etc., 
 
 No. 38 Soutli Market Street, 
 
 MORRIS & STRATTON. ' ANDREW TYLER. 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCERS 
 
 AND DEAIiEKS IN 
 
 FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC LKJUORS, 
 
 AT THE OLD STAND OF MORKIS A STRATTON, 
 
 No. 15 North Market St, NASHVILLE, TENK 
 
 ORH BROTHERS, 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCERS, 
 
 Cominission Merchants, 
 
 -AND DEALERS IN- 
 
 FOREIGN & DOMESTIC LIQUORS, 
 
 No. 40 MARKET STREET, 
 
 '^ MASH¥1LLE, TENH. 
 
 SPRING BROOK 
 BUILDING 
 
 T M. CLARK. W. B. GREGORY. T. J. MOULTON. J. M. REED. 
 
 Clark, Gregory, Moulton & Co., 
 
 WHOLESALE GROCERS, 
 
 PRODUCE AND COMMISSION MERCHANTS, 
 
 Hfos. 65 A 67 Cor. Broad and Cherry, and 77 Broad St., 
 
 I^" Particular Attention given to Sales of Apples and Potatoes. 
 
 101 
 
102 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 China, stacked alongside with Sugars from Louisiana and from Cuba, 
 and Rice from the Carolinas. There, too, are huge piles of Salt and 
 Pepper, and all the condiments that make up the "variety of life ;" 
 Fruits, Fish, Soap, Candles, Cheese, and the thousand and one articles 
 incident to the trade, arranged in order, and standing pyramidical in 
 their huge proportions. 
 
 This business is so cut up and distributed, that we have found it 
 almost an impossibility to correctly report the number of packages 
 of each class of goods that have been disposed of the past year, but 
 think they will reach fully 50,000 barrels of Sugar, 30,000 bags of 
 Coffee, 65,000 barrels of Salt, and 50,000 kegs of Nails, beside enough 
 other goods to foot up at least the round sum oi four millions of 
 dollars. 
 
 The Wholesale department is represented by the following firms : 
 Bailey & Sperry, 38 South Market ; Clark, Gregory, Moulton & Co., 
 65 and 67 Broad; Ewing & Co., 14 and 16 South Market; Gennett 
 & Co., 63 and 65 South Market; Morris & Stratton, 21 and 23 North 
 Market; Orr Brothers, 40 South Market; S. B. Spurlock & Co., 38 
 Broad ; J. N. Sperry & Co., 36 North Market; W. W. Totten & Bro., 
 26 and 28 North College; A. Tyler & Co., 15 North Market; R. L. 
 Weakley, 6 North College; Byrne Bros. & Co., corner Broad and 
 Market; Brien & Thaxton, 69 South College; Daniel Dougheny, 63 
 Broad; Gilbert, Parkes & Gordon, 80 and 82 South Market; L. H. 
 Lanier & Son, 58 South Market; Burgess, Hughes & Fraley, 84 
 South Market; McLaughlin, Butler & Co., 11 and 13 North Market; 
 Black & Argo, 26 Broad; J. H. Buddeke & Co., 87 and 89 South 
 Market; and R. B. McLean &Co., 62 Broad streets. 
 
 Nashville grocers have invariably, since her earliest days, stood 
 high in all the Southern seaboard markets, for their enterprise, cau- 
 tion, integrity and capital. We assert proudly that no Western or 
 Southern city can exhibit the same record as to solvency. If failures 
 hfive occurred, they have been decidedly few — none of them, however, 
 involving large sums of money, since the re-establishment of com- 
 merce, and it has assumed anything like its present proportions. 
 Through the energy of our merchants, we are to-day selling nearly all 
 the trade South of here, formerly controlled by Louisville and Cin- 
 cinnati; and so soon as the advantages of the market are advertised 
 sufficiently, and more good, responsible, wide-awake representatives 
 of their interests are dispatched throughout the country, we may 
 reasonably expect and claim the bulk of trade from the Central, 
 Southern and Cotton States. 
 
THE LIQUOR TRADE. 103 
 
 Liquors. 
 
 The consumption of Spirituous Liquors, both as a luxuiy and in 
 the works of art, is so vast that the business in our city necessarily 
 involves considerations of great Commei'cial importance, and Nash- 
 ville may justly lay claim to being the Wholesale Center of the Liquor 
 Trade for this and the adjoining States. Enjoying, as she does, a re- 
 markably large share oi patronage in this respect, and occupying a 
 position in close proximity to the great and justly celebrated Distil- 
 leries of Robertson, Davidson and Lincoln Counties, whose Whiskies 
 are household words in every Southern city, town and hamlet, she is 
 really the only legitimate loholesalemart, and first headquarters for their 
 distribution. No words of praise are needful at our hands to con- 
 vince dealers and bibers of these liquors as to their pre-eminence over 
 all others, since that fact is well known. Yet we undertake — a work 
 of superrogation it may be though, to bring forward the proof and 
 state wherein their superiority lies, to support, if nothing more, the 
 assertion we make, which, without accompanying facts, might possi- 
 bly appear as exageration. 
 
 It may not be generally known that " Bourbon Whisky " — which 
 apparently is our most formidable rival, will not mature to anything 
 like a palatable state in less time than two years, requiring that pe- 
 riod for a thorough oxydation of its fusil oil and other impurities, 
 whereas, in the process of distillation employed in the manufacture of 
 Robertson County Whisky, in its heated state oxydation is jperfect- 
 ed, and it becomes as good, so far as that is concerned, in a month, a 
 week or a day, as the Whiskies of other distillations do in three years. 
 However, that no point may be left untouched, we will remark that 
 AVhisky, like wine, grows better with age, since the older it grows, the 
 more thoroughly is it rid of all its acids and salifying properties, 
 and in this fact, is concerned the paramount claims of the Distillers of 
 Bourbon Whiskies. They, as a general thing, too, are men of means, 
 more able to make up a lot and let it grow old in their warehouses, 
 than the Distillers in this vicinity, who rely for their supplies of 
 bread and meat on each year's production. For when one of the lat- 
 ter, who is, as a general thing, a small manufacturer, making from 
 600 to 1000 barrels per annum, desires to sell his production, he con- 
 tracts with the Rectifiers and Dealers of this city beforehand and ob- 
 tains means enough to run his Distillery during the year. Consequents 
 ly the Distillers of the vicinity become merely the makers and Nash- 
 ville Dealer 8 tlieir agents. There may be some advantage, too, in the 
 
CIAS. HELSON, 
 
 I 
 
 AND DEALER IN 
 
 Fine Robertson County, 
 
 BOURBON AND RECTIFIED 
 
 ^^y7"I3:iSK:iEIS, 
 
 Bos. 18 & 20 Sofltli Market St.. anil 8 & 9 Upper Leyee, 
 
 104 
 
ARCHER CHEATHAM. GEO. S. KINNEY 
 
 CHEATHAM A KINNEY, 
 
 IMPORTERS OF 
 
 SCOTCH AND IRISH WHISKIES, 
 
 CHAMPAGNE, EHINE & MOSELLE WINES, 
 PORT, SHERRY, MALAGA & MADEIRA WINES, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 BOURBOMY[&ROB[l)ISOIi COUNTY WmSKIFS 
 
 The above list embraces the choicest brands and most rare vintages* 
 
 ALSO, AGENTS FOR 
 
 Dii Font's Rifle, Blasting and Sporting Powder, 
 
 No. 1 Corner College and Chnroh Streets, 
 
 KT^A^SH^VIXjIjE, . - - TElSriSTESSEE. 
 
 105 
 
R. B. CHEATHAM. R. F. WOODS. 
 
 Cheatham & Woods, 
 
 Wholesale Grocers, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 FINE BRANDIES, WINES, OLD ROBERTSON AND BOURBON 
 
 DOMESTIC LiaUORS OF ALL GRADES, TOBACCO, CIGABS, Etc., 
 
 Cor. College & CMrcli Sis, NASHVILLE, TENN. 
 
 BYRNE, BROS. & CO., 
 
 (Successors to Clint Byrne,) 
 
 SROCfRS, PRODlJCf COHiSS 
 
 AND 
 
 NASHVILL£, - - - TENN. 
 OBJDEItS AND CONSIGN31BNTS SOLICITED, 
 
 J. S. ANDERSON, 
 
 Manufacturer and Registered Wholesale 
 
 3yc -A. isT TJ :f J^ C T O I^ "Z" : 
 
 ITOS. 172, 174, 176 AND 178 SOUTH SUMMER STREET 
 
 106 
 
THE LIQUOR TRADE. 107 
 
 superior quality of Tennessee grain and pure spring water, which also 
 weighs in favor of our Liquors. 
 
 All Whiskies made in the immediate vicinity of Nashville — that is, 
 in Davidson, Montgomery and Cheatham counties, are classified as 
 Robertson County Whiskies, and are known as the sour-mash 
 make, or natural fermentation system. Vice versa, "Bourbon Whis- 
 kies" are sweet-mash, and require time and artificial processes to fer- 
 ment properly. The purity of Robertson Whiskies have rendered 
 them highly favorable and greatly superior to the "rot-gut" articles 
 decocted in Cincinnati and other points, and very generally adulter- 
 ated with sulphuric acid and other "bust-head" ingredients. The 
 process of making Robertson County Whiskies, was, as we learn, in- 
 vented by a man named Congo, who lived on Mansker's Creek, some 
 fifty years ago, and the introduction of the Liquid into market is to 
 be set down to the credit of an operative of Congo's by the name of 
 Bowers. Returning to the point where we spoke above of the man- 
 ner of distillation, we may further remark that the Distilleries of this 
 section average not more than from one and a half to three barrels' 
 capacity per day, then with their series of detached tubs, if the article 
 does not come up to the its proper stand in the proper time, the mash 
 is given to the hogs. But in making sweet-mash, one large mash- 
 tub alone is employed, and to throw its entire contents away because 
 it is not up to the proper quality, would be too expensive, so away 
 they go and make it up any how. To arrive at the proper standard, it 
 requires 72 hours for sour-mash and 48 hours, and by means of acids 
 oftentimes less, for sweet-mash. The quantity of juice extracted 
 from a bushel of corn under the sour-mash system is not over two 
 gallons, while under the sweet-mash system from three to four gal- 
 lons are obtained. 
 
 A very heavy trade is also conducted in fine old Apple and Peach 
 Brandies. Many of the farmers of the more mountainous counties, 
 especially, prefering to render their fruits in this style than to haul 
 them to a market that at all times during the fruit season is supplied 
 with the rarest and choicest stocks and specimens. So far as the 
 qualities of Brandies that reach Nashville are concerned, we are of 
 the opinion that they are decidedly better and purer than are general- 
 ly found elsewhere, undergoing, as they do, prior to being brought to 
 market, similar processes to that above mentioned, whereby all dele- 
 terious substances and impurities are removed. 
 
 The Wholesale Liquor Dealers of Nashville, as a class, are men of 
 means, thoroughly conversant with the business, and well prepared 
 
108 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 to offer the very best inducements to customers from this and adjoin- 
 ing States. Although forcing the area of their trade in all directions 
 and penetrating to all portions of the Union, they are desirous of 
 more custom, and we predict if their commodities are properly in- 
 troduced, will before any great while, push Nashville ahead as the 
 Chief Liquor market of the United States. 
 
 The leading exclusive Wholesale Liquor Dealers of Nashville are 
 Chas. Nelson, 18 and 20 South Market ; Cheatham & Woods, south- 
 west corner College and Church; Cheatham & Kinney, northeast 
 corner College and Church; and J. S. Anderson, 75 Broad; while many 
 of the leading Wholesale Grocers and Cotton Factors also engage to 
 a greater or less extent in the business. These latter are : Morris & 
 Stratton, A. Tyler & Co., Ewing & Co., Bailey & Sperry, Orr Bros., 
 J. N. Sperry & Co., McCrea & Co., McLaughlin & Butler, S. B. 
 Spurlock & Co., Byrne, Bros. & Co., Dan'l Doughenny, W. W. Tot- 
 ten & Bro., Robert Thompson & Co., and Clark, Gregory, Moulton 
 & Co. 
 
 The houses of Chas. Nelson, J. S. Anderson and Dan'l Doughenny, 
 in addition to selling Liquors, are also engaged extensively in Recti- 
 fying, and deal largely in Malt, Hops, Gangers' Implements and 
 other supplies for the use of regular Distillers. The houses of Cheat- 
 ham & Kinney and Cheatham & Woods make specialties of fine To- 
 baccos and Cigars, and deal extensively in the rarest vintages of Ma- 
 deria. Port, Malaga, Champagne, Claret and other Wines, together 
 with all the choicest Gins, Rums, Brandies and Whiskies suitable for 
 a gentleman's side-board or a banquet-table. 
 
 On the first of January, 1870, there were no less than 7000 bar- 
 rels of Liquors in store in the warehouses of Nashville, and after 
 careful inquiry, we are enabled to place the Wholesale Liquor Trade 
 of Nashville at Three Millions of Dollars. 
 
 Tobacco and Cigars. 
 
 Among articles of traffic in the grocery line, perhaps fourth in 
 point of prominence, stands that of Tobacco. The character of the 
 Tobacco trade has undergone much change in the past few years, and 
 the business that Nashville once conducted in Stemeries has departed 
 from her precincts, the greater bulk of transactions being now made 
 in the Manufactured Article. The sales for the present year will, in 
 all likelihood, approach very near $400,000, exclusive of taxation? 
 to which, if we add a revenue of 32 cents on every pound sold, will 
 
J. & L. WHORLEY, 
 
 Tobacco Commission 
 
 MERCHJLISrTS, 
 
 AND WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 SEGARS, SNUFF & PIPES, 
 
 No. 47 SOUTH MARKET STREET, 
 
 isrj^sH:"viiiii_,E, - - TEisrn^. 
 
 We invite the special attention of all Merchants to our well selected 
 stock of Segars and Smoking Tobacco. 
 
 J. ^ iMn VUUORImEY. 
 
 APPEL & BROTHER, 
 
 -DEALERS IN- 
 
 Cigars, Tobacco and Snuffs, 
 
 PIPBS^ FAWCY ARTICLES, 
 
 AND 
 
 MEERSCHAUM QOODS, 
 
 352 North Cherry Street, 
 
 N"ashville, - - Tennessee. 
 
 109 
 
GEO. F. AKERS, 
 
 (FORMERLY OF LYNCHBURG, VA.) 
 
 WHOLESALE DEALER IN TOBACCO 
 
 AND SPECIAL AGENT FOR THE 
 
 virginia manufagtursrs^ 
 nashviimImt:^ tenn. 
 
 OI.l> SEWASTEE) 
 BUIIiOINO, / 
 
 C. L. HOLLISTER. 
 
 G. T. HOLLISTEE. 
 
 • 
 
 Wholesale and Ret»il Dealers in 
 
 HAVANA CIGARS AND VIRGINIA 
 
 SMOKERS' ARTICLES OF ALL KINDS. 
 
 Meef^schaum. Pipes, Clay Goods, Etc. 
 
 SPECIAL AGEKTS FOR HUBBEIL'S ORIGINAL "PALMETTA" CIGARS. 
 
 ABT EL,E«ANT AND RETIRED 
 
 IrL Connection, with the Cigar Store. 
 
 Nom 11 Hortli Gherry Street^ 
 
 (OPPOSITE THE MAXWELL HOUSE,) 
 
 DEAI.ER IN IIHPORTED AND DOMESTIC 
 
 Cor. Cherry and Deaderick Sis., 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENN. 
 
 J. W. HAMII.TON, Salesman. 
 
 110 
 
CIGARS AND TOBACCO. Ill 
 
 aggregate much more. The business, all things considered, is in a 
 healthy condition, and will, in all probability, grow and increase to 
 an enormous extent in the next few years. The advantages of Nash- 
 ville as a point of supply for the merchants of Middle and West 
 Tennessee, Northern Alabama and Mississippi, are obvious and need 
 but little explanation, when we remind them that we are the inter- 
 mediate market between Louisville and Cincinnati and the Virginia 
 manufactories, and the identical articles sold them in the former 
 places are either purchased through the Nashville Agents and ship- 
 ped thence, or else, if purchased at the manufactories, are shipped 
 via Nashville — the shortest route — and they (the retailers) by foolishly 
 ignoring Nashville, pay, in their purchases, for freight both ways. 
 Now, the difference will be readily seen when we consider that the 
 rates of shipment for the Manufactured Article from Lynchburg, 
 Richmond and Petersburg to Nashville, is only sixty-five cents, while 
 to Louisville it amounts to exactly one dollar. And the same thing, 
 too, may be said of Leaf Tobacco, the rates to Nashville being 50c. and 
 to Louisville 85c. Already the merchants of many of the towns of 
 Kentucky, including Franklin, Bowling Green, Russelville, Bards- 
 town, Lebanon and Elizabethtown, the latter within eighteen miles of 
 Louisville, and wholesale merchants in Louisville, for that matter, 
 are realizing the truth of the statements we have just recited, and are 
 coming to Nashville for their supplies. 
 
 So far as the Cigar Trade is concerned, it is, as it has always been 
 since Nashville became a wholesale market, very large; and although 
 her manufacturing interests are not great, there being but four small 
 factories engaged in the business, yet, as in Tobacco, Imported Brands 
 of all shades and qualities are heavily dealt in, and present large re- 
 turns to the revenue officers. All of the wholesale grocery houses in 
 the city deal to a greater or less extent in Tobacco and Cigars; but 
 the Wholesalers are : Geo. F. Akers, 33 North College street, who is 
 the agent for several of the leading factories of Petersburg, Lynch- 
 burg, Richmond, Danville, and of Patrick and Henry counties, 
 Virginia ; and J. & L. Whorley, 47 South Market street, the pioneer 
 house in the Wholesaleing of Tobacco, having successfully engaged in 
 the business in this city for more than twenty years. They deal ex- 
 tensively in all kinds of Tobacco, Cigars, Snuffs, Pipe Goods, etc. 
 There are quite a number of other houses in the city engaged in the 
 trade as Retailers, but who sometimes Wholesale, and at any rate are 
 worthy of notice on account of the enterprise they display in keeping 
 none but the best articles. These latter are : Messrs. Crane & Withey, 
 
112 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 15 Public Square; Appel & Brother, 35^ North Cherry; Hollister 
 Brothers, 11 North Cherry, and M. Ryan, corner Deaderick and 
 Cherry streets. The very finest brands of Havana Cigars and Virginia 
 Tobacco, and splendid stocks of genuine Meerschaum Pipes, Cigar- 
 Holders, Tobacco Pouches, etc., as well as countless varieties of Briar- 
 wood and Clay goods, adorn their shelves. Their houses are the re- 
 sorts of the elite of the city, and strangers "strolling abroad in the 
 evening," will find there the "weed," reduced to a point of nicety, 
 and excellent in flavor. The house of Hollister Brothers has in 
 quiet convenience an elegant "Sample-Room," well fitted up, and 
 well stocked with the best Liquors in market. 
 
 Confectionery. 
 
 The increased manufacture of Confectionery, and of Candies and 
 Crackers, especially for the past few years, in Nashville, has far ex- 
 ceeded the most sanguine hopes of those engaged in the business. 
 In its present development, it bears many of the distinctive artistic 
 characteristics of Frerfch ingenuity and invention; and the prepara- 
 tion of sugar and flour, as luxuries, absorbs a large share of mental 
 attention, and affords a livelihood to many persons. But a few years 
 since, nine-tenths of the Confectionery sold to the Southern trade 
 tributary to Nashville, was made in St. Louis and Cincinnati. But, 
 to-day, that state of afikirs is completely changed, and fully nine-tenths 
 sold is now manufaciwed in Nashville, and not less than two-thirds of 
 the Crackers. 
 
 Within the past few years, there have been important advances 
 made in this manufacture, by the erection of large establishments, 
 and the introduction of steam power ; and at present there are five 
 Confectioners, who carry on the business on a sufficiently large scale 
 to enable them to be called Wholesale Manufacturers. The houses 
 manufacturing by steam are : Robert Thompson & Co., 35 South 
 Market, and G. H. Wessel & Son, 43 and 45 Union street. These 
 houses have each a capacity for 2,000 pounds of Breadstuff's per day, 
 including Crackers, Cakes, etc.; 1,500 pounds of Stick Candies, and 
 500 pounds of Fancy Candies. The other wholesale houses here are : 
 Mrs. Geo. Greig, 42 Union ; A. & W. Rannie, 24 Broad ; and Chas. 
 Robertson, 24 North Market. The three latter houses employ hand 
 power alone; but each have a capacity for 1,200 pounds of Bread- 
 stuff's, and other articles in proportion, per day. The capital em- 
 ployed by these houses is not far from ^100,000. The quantity of 
 
4 00^ 
 
 IMPORTERS AXD WIIOI-ESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 9 
 
 5 
 
 FRUITS, CIGARS AND TOBACCO, 
 
 AGENTS P^OR 
 
 Scotcli and Irish Whiskies, Ales, Porters, &c. 
 
 PROPRIETORS OF THE 
 
 <C 
 
 35 SOUTH M4RKET STREET, NASIIVILI.E, TEXX. 
 
 "WmOLESv^^LE 
 
 STEAM BAKERS AND CONFECTIONERS 
 
 ALSO DEALERS IN 
 
 FAJfCY GROCERIES, FRUITS, i\UTS, &c. 
 
 IMPORTERS OF 
 
 'Wines^ Liquors^ Ale and Porter^ 
 
 Kos. 43 aiul 45 UNION STREET, 
 
 NASHVILLE, - - • TENNESSEE 
 
 Wetldlnsr and Party Orders Promptly Attended to. 
 
 8 113 
 
114 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 Sugar consumed by tliem will amount to about one million pounds, 
 while the Flour will reach upward of three million pounds, annually. 
 Altogether, the trade of these houses per annum will not fall far short 
 of Four Hundred Thousand Dollars ($400,000.) 
 
 The ingenuity and invention of our Confectioners is seemingly in- 
 exhaustible, and every season they produce some novelty in the 
 preparation of their palatable hon bans and delicate morccaux, for 
 which Nashville is becoming famous. But, to give a more exquisite 
 flavor to their essences, or to secure vividness and durability of color 
 to their Confections, they malve use of none of the noxious and poi- 
 sonous substances gathered from deleterious minerals, that are resorted 
 to so extensively by the manufacturers of other cities, who manufac- 
 ture more particularly for exportation. There are, probably, no dealers 
 in the Union that can claim more careful and conscientious precau- 
 tions in excluding adulterated ingredients, or have been more success- 
 ful in producing brilliantly-colored and pleasantly-flavored Confec- 
 tions, that are wholesome and free from everything injurious, than the 
 manufacturers of Nashville; and when such an one can assert truth- 
 fully that he makes the best Candy in Nashville, we take it, and 
 think we will be supported by every merchant that trades at this 
 • oint, that he makes the hesi in the United States. 
 
 The further to substantiate what we have said about Poisoned 
 Candy, we extract the following article, which recently appeared in 
 the columns of the New York Sim, a paper well known for reliability 
 throughout the United States. What applies to New York, in this 
 instance, will apply to other cities. The Sun says : 
 
 " The adulteration of Candies in New York, has become, of late 
 years, alarming; and, in order to produce cheap articles, manufacturers 
 are adulterating with various extracts andsubstanccs, which are cither 
 injurious to the consumers, or a deadly poison! Many children are, 
 doubtlessly, yearly sacrificed by the absorption into their system of 
 these abominations, inadvertently given by mothers. Terra alba, or 
 white earth, costing but one and a quarter cents a pound, is extensively 
 used instead of sugar, and lozenges are produced by cheap dealers, at 
 from two to five cents a pound less than the cost of the sugar at 
 wholesale. In the manufacture of gum drops, glue is used instead of 
 gum-arabic, the former costing but a few cents a pound, and the 
 latter about forty cents. Verdigris, Tonka beans, Paris green, 
 chrome yellow, Berlin blue, analine and sublimate of mercury, are 
 all used, each of which is a deadly poison, or very injurious to the 
 system. 
 
GRAIN AND FLOUR. 115 
 
 "The common method of flavoring candies, in order to produce 
 them economically, can be readily accounted for. Poisons are much 
 cheaper than genuine extracts. Peach flavors, in candied almonds 
 and sugar plums, are obtained from fusil oil, which is very poison- 
 ous; the bitter almond flavor is created from unadulterated ])russic 
 acid ; pine apple is produced from very rotten cheese and nitric acid. 
 Candies are made, purporting to be flavored with fruits from which 
 no extracts can be obtained. The imitations are all poisonous. Cheap 
 Candies are a means of desolation in many households.'' 
 
 To escape these poisonous commodities, and obtain goods free from 
 impurities, with the advantages of obtaining /resA goods at all times, 
 and with the utmost care taken in packing, Nashville stands unri- 
 valled as a market for Confectionery. In addition to Fancy and 
 Common Candies, and (^akes of every known description, our Con- 
 fectioners also deal extensively in all kinds of Foreign Fruits and 
 Nuts, fine Beverage Syrups, Preserved and Canned Fruits, Prepared 
 Fish, Teas, Chocolates, and a long line ot culinary articles usually 
 found in well-stocked fancy groceries; beside fine Wines, Prandies, 
 Liquors, Cigars and Tobacc(xs. They also use particular care in the 
 selection ofj and fidelity in, the filling of orders from a distance for 
 Balls, Banquets, Wedding Suppers, Parties, Picnics, etc. 
 
 Grain and Flour. 
 
 In this department of trade, we notice one that, in the last few 
 years, has grown with remarkable rapidity, and increased with a per 
 centum almost wonderful. In fact, we opine that but few cities of the 
 Union can exhibit such radical change, and all, too, for the better. 
 With the facilities afforded us for the collection of necessary data 
 showing the bulk of this trade, we have necessarily had considerable 
 guess-work to do; but, with a fair modicum of discretion and judg- 
 ment always displayed, and with prolonged conversations with gen- 
 tlemen thoroughly conversant with the business, we feel assured that 
 the information presented will not fall far short of the mark. 
 
 It is, too, an extremely difficult matter to determine correctly the 
 figures of the case in point, when we consider that a heavy portion of 
 the business is carried on by dealers not strictly or especially devoted 
 to the one branch, but who also conduct, in connection, the grocery, 
 the cotton, and other branches of mercantile pursuit. Those that 
 are specially engaged in the Grain and Flour business are: Messrs. 
 Massengale, Douglas & Co., 10 and 12 South Market; John J. jNIc- 
 
Massengale, Douglas d Co, 
 
 ^'s-oi'K/iETOi^s o:f 
 
 And Wholesale Dealers in 
 
 GRAIN, FLOUR. HAY 
 
 Ji^HTJD 
 
 PROVISIONS, 
 
 10 & 12 South Market St., 
 
 NA-SHVILLE, TENN". 
 
 116 
 
B. S. RHEA. 
 
 J. M. SMITH. 
 
 J, M. SHARPE . 
 
 RHEA, SMITH & CO., 
 
 Grain d Produce Dealers, 
 
 AND AGENTS FOR THE 
 
 OHIO RIVER SALT COMPANY, 
 
 32 & 34 FRONT STREET., & 32 SOUTH MARKET STREET, 
 MASHVII^LE, - - - TENNESSEE. 
 
 Tlios. Parkes & Co., 
 
 COMMISSIOlSr 
 
 MEKCHANTS 
 
 ^ND DKALERS IN" 
 
 3 r«,^««ji4rLiue 
 
 46 Soutli Market Street, 
 
 117 
 
 3 
 
Corner Clmrclt and Front Streets, 
 
 9 
 
 finsiiM! Mil! aoi. semi Riyfi, 
 
 Kiln Dried Corn Meal, (a specialty,) Bolted &, Unbolted, 
 
 Feed, etc., etc.. Delivered Free. 
 
 B. B. mCKKY^ Proprietor. 
 
 5 
 
 iCommissioa Mereliaiits, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 HAY, GRAIN, FIOUE, MEAL, NAILS, lEON AND PEODDCE, 
 
 Corner Clark and Front Streets, 
 
 P 
 .1 
 
 ^8, 
 
 IMISSIOI 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 GRAIN, FLOUR, HAY AND PRODUCE GENERALLY, 
 
 Fronting on College and Market Streets, Soutli of Broad, 
 
 NASHVILLE, - - - TENNESSEE. 
 
 118 
 
GRAIN AND FI.OUR. 
 
 119 
 
 Cann & Co., 32 and 34 Broad ; Rhea, Smith & Co., 32 South Market, 
 and 32 and 34 South Front; Clark, Gregory, Moulton & Co., 77 
 Broad; Dickey & Smith, corner Church and Front; Sweeney & 
 Gennett, corner Broad and Front; AVilly, Hardcastlc & Co., 68 
 South CoHege; McFall & Co.,— Cedar street— while those who 
 carry it on with the cotton or grocery business, are : Tylessrs. Thomas 
 Parkes & Co., M. A. Parrish & Co., C. R. Parsons & Co., Sample, 
 Ordway & Co., beside all of the wholesale grocers, who deal more or 
 less in Flour. 
 
 The following statement of the business for 1869, at selling figures, 
 it will be seen, is of no little importance : 
 
 Corn 1,000,000 bushels, $1,000,000 
 
 Wheat V. 500,000 " 660,000 
 
 Oats..:::: 400,000 ; mooo 
 
 Barley 100,000 " 12o,000 
 
 Kve 50,000 " 55,000 
 
 ■1,-lonr 250,000 barrels, 1,500,000 
 
 Meal : 50,000 " 200,000 
 
 Hay 10,000 bales, 40,000 
 
 Total $3,780,000 
 
 Notwithstanding a shortness in the crops of 1869, it is stated that 
 the trade of last year increased, on the whole, fifteen per cent, over 
 the previous twelve months, and in the article of Flour, increased 
 fully fifty per cent. 
 
 The manifold advantages of Nashville as a market, both for ex- 
 portation and importation, are obvious. She is nearer to the Southern 
 or consuming market, by several hundred miles, than any other 
 wholesale point, and extra freight is saved, on that account. The 
 bulk of Grain sold in this market is produced in this vicinity. As 
 good prices are given producers, and as cheap bargains to consumers, 
 as can be obtained in any Western market. These are facts that 
 speak in eloquent terms, of her superiority. The quality of Tennes- 
 see Grain needs no encomium at our hands, her Wheat, especially, 
 commanding higher figures than any other grades, from New York 
 to Texas; and our Millers claim for it rising and baking qualities 
 unsurpassed by the Flcurs of any other State of the Union. This 
 Flour, when brought into competition with the products of St. Louis, 
 Pittsburgh, Cincinnati or Louisville Mills, oftentimes takes prom- 
 inence, and commands better figures. In support of our argument, 
 we will cite an instance, which is at once conclusive : In August of 
 1869, Messrs. Thos. Parkes & Co., Grain Merchants, of this city, sent 
 
120 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 samples of Tennessee White "Wheat, graded, "strictly fancy," to the 
 houses of Fenner & Preston, QQ Pearl street. New York, and Pringle 
 & Stilhvell, 17 Moore street, New York, both large and extensive 
 Grain Brokers, of that city. Immediately after their arrival in the 
 great Grain emporium of the United States, the samples were put on 
 'Change, and so great an excitement did they create, that the agents 
 of two European houses — one, of Liverpool, England, and the other 
 of Havre, France — immediately sent the samples across the ocean. 
 When they arrived in Europe, the excitement was much greater, and 
 forthwith a Cable telegram was sent to ISIessrs. Parkes & Co., through 
 their New York agents, for 20,000 bushels of the same, to be deliv- 
 ered in New York, at $2 per bushel, while the best Wheat produced 
 in other States, at that time, was not selling for more than §1.60 or 
 $1.80. New York merchants in correspondence with our Nashville 
 Grain Dealers, have urged upon them the careful nurture of this new 
 outlet for their commodities, freely admitting that in Grain matters 
 Tennessee had the decided "bulge" on all her sister States. 
 
 The greater portion of the Cereals finding market at this place is 
 drawn from Middle and East Tennessee and from that section of Ken- 
 tucky lying South of the Green River and extending as far West as 
 the counties that border on the Ohio. Probably a more fertile and 
 productive stretch of country does not exist on the face of the earth; 
 and when we contemplate that as yet it has been hardly put to the 
 test, and that the greater portion of its crops is destined to find a market 
 at Nashville, this being their grand natural outlet, the view is ex- 
 ceedingly delightful. The storage capacity of Nashville warehouses 
 will amount to several million bushels, and their character for safety, 
 both from fire and the natural elements, bears favorable comparison 
 with the finest entrepots of the world, save those employing the regu- 
 lar elevators. 
 
 Being also in close proximity to the great Grain-producing AVabash 
 Valley, the facilities for exportation at Nashville even surpass those 
 of more northerly markets, and when our Railroads refuse shipments 
 of Corn and Flour from St. Louis to Charleston at the same rates as 
 from Nashville to Charleston, the advantage of the latter point will 
 be greatly enhanced. Nashville Flour and Meal already finds quick 
 sales in the cities of the Atlantic sea-board, and in those bordering on 
 the Gulf of Mexico, as well as in almost every market of the interior 
 of the South. Comparing the condition of the present with the not 
 overly distant past, we can but admire the enterprise exhibited by 
 our Grain and Flour Merchants, and congratulate them upon their 
 
PEO VISIONS. 121 
 
 decided success in not only supplying tins section from local fields and 
 local manufactories, but in heading off the merchants who formerly 
 went in quest of such commodities to the markets of St. Louis, Lou- 
 isville or Cincinnati. 
 
 Provisions. 
 
 "Wg are nothing loth to admit that a most agreeable surprise over- 
 came us when we learned of the present magnitude and extent of this 
 branch ot business in Nashville. True, in times agone it was of con- 
 siderable importance in our midst, but similar to everything else in 
 this locality, it was broken up by the late war. The Republican 
 Banner of December 13, 1867, says of its previous w'orkings : " Much 
 of the prosperity and progress of our city previous to the late san- 
 guinary struggle must be attributed to the large and rapidly-growing 
 Provision interest, which bid fair in time, to render Nashville the 
 grand supply point for th(i Cotton States immediately contingent to 
 us. Our packing-houses were first-class in condition and extent. 
 Many of our readers will recollect the large slaughtering establish- 
 ment of Messrs. Doyle & Marshall, whose capacity for slaughtering 
 and cutting would aggregate from 1500 to 2000 head of hogs per 
 diem. The conveniences and complete arrangements of this estab- 
 lishment was almost proverbial, and was unsurpassed by any similar 
 concern in the country. The fire-fiend, however, has claimed it, and 
 nothing is now left of its fine proportions save a huge pile of charred 
 ruins. "\Ve also call to mind the heavy dealers in this line. Among 
 the number w'e would mention Seymour & Stratton and Nichol, 
 Green & Co., whose shipments South numbered thousands of casks 
 per annum. But these, like many other features of our old prosper- 
 ity, have passed away." Such was the Provision Trade of Nashville 
 only a few years since. How is it to-day ? Many of these "features," 
 after passing away and enjoying a hiatus of Rip Vanwinkleism, are 
 returning with renewed vigor, and if anything, have been benefited 
 by the respite; for, having met with proper encouragement in its re- 
 establishment, Nashville has again shot forward to the front rank of 
 Provision Markets. 
 
 With this revolution we find the introduction of blooded breeds, 
 and instead of the "runt" of former days, our Hog-raisers are bring- 
 ing out almost entirely the very best specimens of "Berkshire," 
 "Suffolk," and other equally well-known sj^ecies, and the past two 
 seasons have demonstrated, beyond peradventure, that Nashville pos- 
 
iY, 
 
 FROYISION DEALERS, GENERAL COMMISSIOI MERCHAMTS, 
 
 AND 
 
 No. 72 South Market St, 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 122 
 
 , \m, \mi [ic. 
 
PROVISIONS. 123 
 
 scpsrs many and most decided advantages over Louisville or Cincin- 
 nati ; or, for that matter, any other Pork-Packing point near this lat- 
 itude. Perhaps a few of the sanguine friends of Porkopolis wdl 
 smile at this a.-sertion, but our arguments are clear, decisive and proof 
 ao-ainst contradiction. It is a well-known fact that coini-fcd hogs 
 produce meat superior in soundness, taste and preservative qualities, 
 to tliosc fattened on ^oill, and the comparative scarcity of distilleries 
 in this and adjoining States, renders corn-feeding absolutely necessary 
 in a majority of cases; whereas, in Ohio, Indiana, and other North- 
 western States, the cr.se is quite different. Distilleries are al>undant, 
 and consequently that obnoxious liquid that is said to make "hogs of 
 men," but doesn't make good meat of hog, is lavishly used, and in a 
 swollen and bloated state they are sent to the block. And again, the 
 climate of Tenncsssee is better adapted to Pork-Packing than one 
 more northerly, for it is an equally well-known fact that meat cures 
 more thoroughly and more rapidly in a latitude characteristically 
 moderate in its early winter, than in one more severe and whose 
 storms and "cold-snaps" freeze slaughtered and uncured meats and 
 render them often unfit for use. Thus having shown two very ap- 
 parent advantages in favor of Tennessee Hogs, we will remark, so 
 far as prices are concerned, that, during the past year Nashville has 
 been able to compete favorably with any of the Western markets, 
 and in many cases, too, has completely underspld most of them. 
 
 It has been estimated that from 75,000 to 100,000 Hogs have been 
 disposed of in this market the past year,— that is, Nashville is the 
 distributing point for that amount, including the slaughterings of 
 Packers, Butchers, and the cured meats brought here for sale, lleck- 
 oned at' $20 per head, which our Packers say is a fair average, we 
 have, as the result of one year's business, $1,500,000 or $2,000,000, 
 and the latter figure can be taken as a fair estimate of the business, if 
 we are allowed to count the vast amounts of Lard, Yenison, Beef 
 Tongues and other articles, which amply make up the difference. 
 There are two large and extensive establishments in the city confined 
 especially to this business, Messrs. Hart & Hensley, 72 South Mar- 
 ket street, and Phillips, Hooper & Co., 56 South Market street. Both 
 these firms own and run extensive factories in the northern part of 
 the city. The latter firm is a new one, having only embarked in the 
 business the present season, while the Messrs. Hart & Hensley are 
 the pioneers in the business, having been very successful dealers since 
 their establishment about two years since. This house puts up a qual- 
 ity of Sugar-Cured Hams branded " C. C. C, Nashville," which met 
 
124 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 "with universal favor the past two seasons, and sold in almost miracu- 
 lous amounts in all of the principal cities of the Union from New 
 York to New Orleans, besicle supplying the almost entire local demand. 
 The trade in every respect is on the rapid increase. The Hogs of 
 Tennessee and the Upper Cumberland region are "outrooting" those 
 of other markets, and there is no earthly reason why Nashville should 
 not be the point of supply for the entire South. 
 
 Produce. 
 
 In specifying the trade in Produce, we do not intend our remarks 
 to apply to the dealings of hucksters, peddlers and market-men, but 
 simply in the present instance to confine our comments to that im- 
 portant branch of our trade, known and recognized as the Wholesale 
 Produce Business of the City. Such a thing as a strictly and legiti- 
 mately Wholesale Produce House in Nashville, previous to the 
 war, was an exceedingly rare thing, but at present Nashville does a 
 very considerable business in this respect, and its commodities are 
 among our most important exportations. The trade for the year 1869 
 has increased over that of 1868 fully twenty-five per cent. Especially 
 so is its improvement noticeable in the sale of the one article. Peanuts. 
 Previously, our dealers were compelled to ship on commission to Cin- 
 cinnati, Chicago, St. Louis and other cities to the north and west of 
 us; but last year's shipments were almost entirely made in obedience 
 to orders, and even at that, it has been difficult to supply the de- 
 mand. In Dried Fruit, too, a like increase and change is reported. 
 AVith a fair margin for all deficiencies, either way, we are enabled 
 to enumerate the following estimates of the leading articles in this 
 trade, wholesaled in Nashville, during the past year. 
 
 750,000 pounds dried apples, § 60,000 
 
 500,000 " " peaches, 45,000 
 
 40,000 bushels peanuts, 60,000 
 
 40,000 barrels Irish potatoes, 100,000 
 
 10,000 " sweet potatoes, 35,000 
 
 beeswax, ginseng, white beans, feathers, rags, etc., 100,000 
 
 Total, $450,000 
 
 The houses engaging exclusively, or devoting their almost entire 
 attention to Produce, are: Messrs. Geniiett & Co., 63 and 65 South 
 Market, and C. R. Parsons & Co., 7 and 9 Broad street ; and those 
 dealing partially in Produce, are : Messrs. Clark, Gregory Moulton, 
 & Co., ^Y. W. Totten & Brother, and M. A. Parrish & Co. 
 
C. R. PARSONS, 
 
 E. O. PARSONS. 
 
 A. L. PARSONS. 
 
 Commission Merchants, 
 
 FLOUR, GR&ii m mmm, 
 
 Iffos. 7 (S£ @ Broad Street^ 
 
 N'^SHA^ILLE, TE]Sr]Sr. 
 
 A. GENXETT. 
 
 ROBERT GENNETT. 
 
 WHOLESALE DEALERS IN 
 
 mum p[iiijis, 
 
 POTATOES, ONIONS, BEANS, etc., etc., 
 
 Nos. 63 & 65 SOUTH MARKET STREET, 
 
 nsr.A.si3:-v^iii,i_,Bj, - - TEisrnsr. 
 
 ORD£RS AND COXSIGXMEXTS SOMCITf D. 
 
 125 
 
126 NASHVILLE AND HEU TRADE. 
 
 Presuming that this article will fall under tlie eye of many Farmers 
 and Produce Dealers, interested in such matters, we will here take 
 occasion to drop a few suggestions, which have been communicated 
 to us by our Wholesale Produce Dealers. In the first place, Farmers 
 should pay more attention to the preparation of Peanuts for market, 
 always being careful to wash them well, store them in dry places — to 
 prevent mouldiness and mildew, and in all cases, if possible, plant 
 Red Peas. Although, as it is stated, the White Pea produces more to 
 the acre, yet the Ped matures quicker, and always commands a better 
 price per bushel thau any other kind. In the preparation of Dried 
 Peaches, for market, they would jiresent a more saleable article, by 
 two cents difference per pound, if they would adopt the method of 
 cutting in halves instead of quarters, as is now the practice in many 
 mstances. Halves find better sale than quarters when shipped north, 
 from the fact, that they undoubtedly retain more strength, are more 
 easily cooked, and in everyway preferable. On the other hand, A})ples 
 require as much slicing as possible, and with the core out, to com- 
 mand the best figures. 
 
 Leather and Hides. 
 
 The sale of Hides and the manufacture and sale of various kinds 
 of Leather, including Hemlock Sole, Upper, Kips, Bridle, Skirting 
 and Harness Leathers, has grown to be one of the leading pursuits of 
 !N^ashvilIe. Not only are a large number of Hides obtained of City 
 Butchers, but all the country around supplies our Tanneries; and a 
 large portion of the Leather produced in the interior of the State, be- 
 side the greater portion of that turned out in AVest Tennessee, North 
 Alabama and North Georgia, finds market here. At present, there 
 are four large Tanneries located within, or near, the City limits, all 
 of which have warehouses in the business part of the City. They 
 are: Messrs. Hamilton ct Cunningham, 23 Public Square; J. Lums- 
 den & Co., 22 and 24 South Market Street; C. A. Litterer, 25 South 
 Market; J. P. Locke & Co., 77 South Market Street; and S. 
 Steinau & Co., 26 Broad. There are also other prominent dealers in 
 the City, viz: Messrs. Hudson & Hickey, 74 South Market; Walsh & 
 McGovern, 29 North Market ; and J. W. Hamilton, corner Market 
 and Church Streets; the two former making specialities of Tanner's 
 Supplies, and the latter manufacturing their Leather mostly for Shoe- 
 makers. The Tanneries in, or near, the City have an actual ca])aclty 
 for tanning 100,000 Hides and Skins annually ; and although not 
 
No. 23 PUBLIC SQUARE, 
 
 {A. t t li e Old. Stand o f T" li o in a s G- o -vv d e y , ) 
 
 NASHVILLE, 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 Being still engaged in the TANNIXG and FINISIIIXG of all kinds 
 of Oak Leather, they are prepared to furnish the best quality of 
 
 Harness, Skirlino & Bridle 
 
 SO[[liDl)PP[ej!PHiD(:i[fSKIli 
 
 Of their own Manufacture, and at prices that will be made satisfac- 
 tory to the purchaser. They also keep a full stock of 
 
 FRENCH CAIF SIM & SHOE FINBie 
 
 ^'j 
 
 And would be glad to receive orders for all such goods 
 
 s^VTisir'A.CTio:^r GTJj5^R^visrxKit;D i:n- ^ll cases. 
 
 They issue a regular Price List of their Leather every two or three 
 
 mouths, and will gladly send a copy of the same by mail to 
 
 the address of all who desire it, and who will notify them. 
 
 THE HIGHEST MARKET PRICE 
 
 ALWAYS TAID FOR 
 
 mm 
 
 127 
 
f w 
 
 MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 
 
 laes, 
 
 9 
 
 
 ■ — JLITID— 
 
 • 5 nn 
 
 ^^9 
 
 NO. 22 SOUTH MAHKET STREET, 
 
 NASHVTLLE, 
 
 128 
 
LEATHER AND HIDES. 129 
 
 put to their utmost test in 1869, turned out not less than Jifty thousand 
 (50,000) Hides and Skins; and the value of Leather produced in 
 the City, together with that from adjacent Tanneries, will, in all 
 likelihood, reach a figure of increase, as it is stated by dealers who 
 best know, of at least twenty-five per cent, over 1868, or any preced- 
 ing year. 
 
 The Hide and Leather Business, although possessing the greatest 
 apparent affinity, are seemingly two distinct branches of trade in our 
 midst, and are divided between the dealers on the one part and the 
 manufacturers on the other. That is, probably two-thirds of the 
 Hides purchased in this market are manufactured here, and the other 
 third is exported to other cities, the superior qualities, as a general 
 thing, being those that are retained. From the most correct data 
 that we can obtain, we estimate the amount of capital employed in 
 the purchase of Hides for exportation, at one hundred and fifty 
 thousand dollars, and with sales amounting to not less than two hun- 
 dred thousand dollars during 1869, while the invested capital in the 
 manufacture of Leather will reach two hundred, thousand dollars, 
 and with sales of fully Jour hundred thousand dollars, bringing the 
 Hide and Leather Business of Nashville up to the very respectable 
 sum of six hundred thousand dollars jper annum. In addition to 
 this, were we to add the business of the several Curriers and workers 
 in finishing Calf Skins, Harness and Upper Leathers, the amount 
 would appear much greater. The latter houses are : Jno. Morrow & 
 Son, C. A. Litterer and J. P. Locke & Co. 
 
 The great demand for Hides, both here and at all points, since the 
 war, has created sharp competition between the Dealers and Tanners, 
 until the producer has been able to realize as much, if not more, for 
 his product, at this point, than in almost any market in the country. 
 The Hides produced in this section are finely suited to the manufac- 
 ture of Upper-Leather for Shoes, and to the various grades of Sad- 
 dlery Leather, but are not so good for Sole Leather; from there di- 
 ficiency in that "plumpness" found in the Texas and South American 
 Hides. 
 
 Nashville-made Leather is principally exported to the Southern 
 States, and finds ready sale in Middle, West, and East Tennessee, 
 Virginia, the Carolina's, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Southern 
 Kentucky, not to speak of large quantities which arc annually 
 shipped to St. Louis, Chicago and other of the large Western Cities. 
 Our Leathers, in quality, compare most favorably with similar kinds 
 made anywhere, and, in the markets we have alluded to, come in di- 
 9 
 
JOHN E. HUDSON. 
 
 JAS. T. HICKEY. 
 
 HUDSON & HICKEY, 
 
 c 
 
 • • 
 
 oinmission 
 
 9Iannfa«tiirers and Wholesale ]>ealers In 
 
 FOREMANDDOMESmLEATl 
 
 ,DES, OIL 
 
 Tanners', Cnmers' and Shoe Makers' Tools, 
 
 No. 74 SOUTH MARKET STREET, 
 
 MANUFACTURER AND WHOLES ALE DEALER IN 
 
 1 n a 1 11 g; s, 
 HIDES, OIL AND FURS, 
 
 I^o. 25 SOUTH MARKET STREET, 
 
 isr-A.sP3:-\7"inLLE, - - - tehsthstessee. 
 
 M. WALSH. 
 
 P. McGOVERN. 
 
 WALSH & McGOVERN, 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 HIDfSJIUliD l[&m SHOf FiNDIiOS, 
 
 SHEEP PELTS AND TALLOW, 
 
 No. 29 NORTH MARKET STREET, - NASHVILLE. TENNESSEE. 
 
 130 
 
SADDLERY, COACH WARE AND SADDLERY HARDWARE. 131 
 
 rect competition with the well-known products of Baltimore and 
 Philadelphia. Although our manufacturers find a serious impedi- 
 ment in their way in the high price of bark, which seems unreason- 
 able on account of its proximity, yet the climate and water is said to 
 be peculiarily adapted to this branch of industry, and that combined 
 with the aid of the highest skill, attracted hither by the talisman 
 of good wages, contributes greatly toward producing results, that 
 have attained for Nashville pre-eminence over all other points in the 
 Southwest. 
 
 Saddlery, Coacliware and Saddlery Hardware. 
 
 To one who has never engaged in an enterprise similar to our un- 
 dertaking, the inconvenience and difficulty in the present instance, is 
 hardly perceptible, and, we might say, scarcely imaginable; for, in 
 the department of trade coming under the above tri-caption, we have 
 in the city several different branches similar, it is true, in their na- 
 ture, but separate and distinct in their dealings. We found, in our 
 jieregrinations, the houses of M. Burns, 60 North Market street, and 
 John Morrow & Son, 55 North Market street, dealing in Coachware 
 and Saddlery Hardware ; the house of Hamilton & Cunningham, 
 dealing in General and Saddlery Hardware and Shoe Findings ; the 
 house of C. A. Litterer, 25 South Market, in Saddlery Hardware 
 and Shoe Findings ; and the houses of C. L. Howerton, 53 North 
 Market ; J. D. March & Son, 4 North Market ; J. F. Wilkerson & 
 Son, 30 North Market; J. E. Conlon, 6 South Market, and quite a 
 number of smaller houses, manufacturers of Saddles, Harness, etc., and 
 dealing to some extent in Saddlery Hardware. 
 
 Thus, having triumphed over the difficulty of definite location, we 
 are able to estimate the combined business of these departments, for 
 1869, at figures near Six Hundred Thomaml Dollars (1^600,000,) 
 which is said to be nearly one hundred per cent, increase over any pre- 
 vious year since the ivar. 
 
 It is a fact well known to persons who are at all familiar with the 
 history of Industry in our midst, that the Saddle and Harness Makers 
 of Nashville have invariably carried off the "palm," at local Exhibi- 
 tions and Fairs, for the quality and workmanship of their specimens. 
 This branch of manufactures, too, is diversified ; and we have been 
 informed by a leading manufacturer of Saddles, that there are not less 
 than several hundred various styles and qualities, including, in part, 
 Texas, English and Spanish, Ladies' Side, and Boys', Saddles, with a 
 
11 i 
 
 (I 
 
 IF I 3Sr I iS H DS I?, S O IP 
 
 SKIRTING, 
 
 HARNESS AND BRIDLE LEATHER 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 Coach & Saddlery Hardware, 
 
 PERMANENT WOOD FILLING, 
 
 TRANSFER ORNAMENTS. CARRIAGE VARNISH, WHEELS, SPOKES. 
 
 i^rrlciii, Mj^^t iuii^ BQ>Mmt &©, 
 
 No. 55 North Market Street, Nashville, Tenn. 
 
 Tbiis House has been in bnsiness 35 Years. 
 
 132 
 
M. BURNS. JAMES BURNS. M. BURNS, Jr. 
 
 M. BUMS & CO, 
 
 No. 60 MARKET STREET, 
 
 NASHVILLE, - TENNESSEE. 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 sieounY umm, mmm-, 
 
 SHOE FmDIHOS $< LEATHER. 
 
 ^lanufactnrer, Wliolesnie and Retail Dealer in 
 
 SADDLERY HARDWARE, 
 
 SABBLiK.BA^S^ I^ITHIFS^ etc.;, etc. 
 
 53 Xorth Market Street, 
 
 • ^1:^1151/^"°"} NashviUe, Tenn. 
 
 C. A. LITTEKER, 
 
 Mnnufactnrer and 'WEioIesalc Dealer in 
 
 SacLdlery E[arcl^vare5 
 LEATHER, SHOE FIIXIDIIMGS^ 
 
 SIIXDIES, OIL J^ZSriD FXJK., 
 
 Xo. 25 SOUTH MARKET STHEET. 
 
 3iT.A-SI3:A?"XILIj:E, _ _ - TDB:tTISr:E3SSEE 
 
 133 
 
134 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 proportionate quantity of Bridles, Bridle Mountings, Martingales, 
 Girths, Circingles, Stirrup Leathers, Saddle Bags, etc., beside an al- 
 most unlimited number of styles and qualities in Harness, such as 
 Carriage, Buggy, Sulky, Stage and Omnibus ; while in coarse Harness 
 for Carts, Drays, Wagons and Plows, there is also great variety. Our 
 manufacturers and dealers in this class of goods, have established 
 reputations, which they are determined to maintain. Their solvency 
 and character enable them to buy at the very lowest rates; and the 
 system of trade involves much less ostentation, and consequently less 
 expense than in many other cities, where the sales-house and factory 
 are distinct and separate establishments, even if owned by the same 
 parties. In this city, the goods are generally manufactured and of- 
 fered for sale under the same roof. One commendable feature, we 
 w"!!} mention, is this, that the dealers in Saddlery Hardware and the 
 manufacturers of Saddles, their interests being identically the same, 
 are on the most agreeable terms, and the greater bulk of the raw ma- 
 terial used by the latter is drawn from the shelves of the former, 
 whose warerooms are always crowded, from basement to attic, and 
 who duplicate any bill that Cincinnati or Louisville can get up. 
 
 Books and Stationery. 
 
 The character and standing of the Book-selling and Publishing 
 houses of Nashville are well and favorably known throughout the 
 entire South ; and their enterprise and liberality to the trade are among 
 the most noticeable features of our metropolitan advancement. Within 
 the last few years, or rather those succeeding the war, the demand for 
 all classes of literature has grown so rapidly, that the subdivisions 
 which may be remarked in mechanical pursuits, are also noticeable in 
 the Book Trade. The business for the year 1869, is remarked by 
 well-informed dealers to be more extensive than in the most prosper- 
 days of the " olden and golden" time. This fact, there are some will 
 be found disposed to dispute; but, when we reflect that, prior to the 
 war, there were not more than four or five houses, leastways extensive, 
 in the trade, and then compare the present therewith, where nearly 
 double that number are now engaged in it, and all are doing well, then 
 the difference will be readily seen. This trade, during 1860, amounted 
 to about i^owr Hundred Thousand Dollars, and made perceptible gains 
 on that of the year before. 
 
 Not to say anything of the numerous " News Standi" distributed 
 throughout the city, there are nine Wholesale and Retail Book Stores 
 
t 
 
 IVo. 40 Union Street^ 
 
 NASHVILLE, - - TENNESSEE, 
 
 WHOIiESAUB AND RETAII. DEAI^ER IX 
 
 SCHOOL BOOKS, 
 
 BLANK BOOKS, 
 TATIONEEY, 
 
 PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, 
 
 inilOlD'S WltlTllili fLOID, COPimG INK, ITC 
 
 m ■ m 
 
 Depository for the American Bible Society, 
 
 AND 
 
 AGENT FOR THE PRESBTTEEM COMMITTEE OF FDBLICATION SOUTH. 
 
 All BOOKS, STATIONERY, Ac, not on hand, ordered promptly. 
 
 135 
 
136 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 in Nashville. These latter are located as follows : W. C. Collier, 40 
 Union; Paul & Tavel, 48 Union; Wm. Gamble & Co., 46 Union 
 street; ^Y. T. Berry & Co., 32 Public Square; McFerrin, Hunter & 
 Co., 65 Public Square ; Southern Methodist Publishing House E-ev. 
 A. H. Redford, Agent, 66 and 67 Public Square; R. H. Singleton, 
 old Post-Office Building, corner Church and Cherry streets, and 37 
 North Cherry; and A. Setliife, Commercial Hotel Building, Cedar 
 street. 
 
 The shelves of our dealers are at all times replete with the latest 
 and best published works, from the most ephemeral to the most sub- 
 stantial, and embracing an almost inconceivable collection of dif- 
 ferently-priced and differently-bound and executed styles, from the 
 finest workmanship to the commonest, or from the plainest and 
 cheapest Paper-Back Primer to the costliest Bible, done in antique 
 Morocco, illuminated and with gilt edges. Full assortments of Law, 
 Medical, Theological, School, Statistical and Miscellaneous Works, 
 printed in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish, as well as 
 complete editions of the works of ancient Greek, Latin and Hebrew 
 writers, both in the original and translated print, in fact, everything 
 that can be obtained in Eastern cities, is kept constantly on hand, or is 
 soon procured on order. They have also accumulated a vast stock of 
 Office, Counting-Room, School-Room and Fancy Stationery, together 
 with all classes and styles of School-Room Furniture, Blank Books, 
 and articles of kindred character. 
 
 Nashville dealers are giving strictly Eastern prices, so that it is evi- 
 dent that retail dealers, as well as the teachers of schools, seminaries and 
 colleges, will find it to their remunerative advantage to at least call and 
 examine the stocks and prices of Nashville, before purchasing else- 
 where. The trade is fairly on the increase, and before many seasons, 
 the fortunes, as well as the fame, of our Booksellers and Publishers, 
 will be commensurate with the length and breadth of the South. 
 
 The house of W. C. Collier is the Agency of the Presbyterian 
 Committee of Publication, South, and the Depository of the American 
 Bible Society. Mr. Collier also does Printing and Binding to order, 
 and executes orders in Initial Stamping, Wedding, Invitation and 
 Visiting Cards, Monogram Imprints, etc., in the highest style known 
 to the art. Being a practical and enterprising gentleman, he properly 
 understands his business; and, having always kept in the van-guard 
 of improvements in his trade, he has become one of our most prom- 
 inent and popular dealers. 
 
 Messrs. Paul & Tavel are a leading Publishing Firm, in this city. 
 
MUSIC AND MUSICAL, INSTRUMENTS. 137 
 
 Their house is the Depository of the Cumberland Presbyterian Board 
 of Publication, of which W. E. Dunnaway is Agent. They have, 
 also, in connection with their Sales-Room, extensive Printing and 
 Book-Binding departments; and, both members of the firm being prac- 
 tical in their knowledge of the business, are entirely reliable. 
 
 The Southern Methodist Publishing House is tlw only publication 
 office of the 3Ie^hodist Episcopal Church South. This establishment is 
 one of tlie most extensive in the United States, and gives employment 
 at present to more than 100 persons, including salesmen, printers, 
 book -binders, pressmen, etc. The Printing and Book-Binding De- 
 partments are full and complete, and are supplied with machinery 
 and material, costing not less than $100,000. There is one Hoe 
 Newpaper Press, and seven Adams Book Presses, in the establish- 
 ment ; also, an extensive Stereotype Foundry, the only one in the city. 
 The Christian Advocate and Sunday-School Visitor, two publications 
 widely known, are issued by this house. They also do the press-work 
 for quite a number of other publications in the city. 
 
 Music and Musical Instruments. 
 
 The sale of Music and Musical Instruments occupies the attention 
 of three houses in Nashville — Jas. A. McClure, 36 Union street ; Rod- 
 erick Dorman, Masonic Temple Building, 81 Church street ; and John 
 Luck, 47 Union street, and 110 Church street. From a mere handful 
 of Sheet Music, this trade has rapidly grown to its present extensive 
 proportions ; and we but repeat what Music Dealers from Eastern 
 cities have frequently acknowledged, when we say that both for va- 
 riety and extent, the stocks of Nashville Dealers surpass those of any 
 houses in the Southwest. The citizens of Nashville, as a class, are a 
 musical people, and fully appreciate first-class Instruments, and will 
 have none other than the latest improved. In consequence of this, 
 our dealers, who are at all times up with the trade, wherever and 
 whenever an Instrument of unsurpassed excellence makes its appear- 
 ance, are not in the least backward in introducing it here. During 
 1869, there were no less than one hundred Piano Fortes sold in 
 Nashville, and the trade in ioto will reach the neighborhood of Ojie 
 Hundred and Twenty-Jive Thousand Dollars. Few people know that 
 customers from so great a distance as Texas often make their pur- 
 chases in this line, in the Nashville market; yet, such is the fact, 
 while sales to Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, are of frequent oc- 
 currence. ^ 
 
JtE m rm: jm^ :ja jKu JL m -»m: :m: mw x jv :a.s£»«>. 
 
 TEMPLE OF MUSIC! 
 
 J AS. A. M'CLU 
 
 "WHOLESALK AND RETAIL DEALER IN 
 
 MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS & MUSICAL 
 
 No. 36 UNION STREET, 
 
 SOLE AGENT FOR TENNESSEE FOR THE 
 
 Great Southern Piano Factory of Wm. Knabe k Co., 
 
 BAI.TIMOHE, MARYL.AND. 
 
 Over Sixty First Class Premiums awarded over all comiDetitors, 
 among them tlios* given at the Georgia State Fair, at Macon ; Mis- 
 sissippi State Fair, at luka ; Virginia State Fair, at Eichniond ; and 
 the Shelby County Fair, at Memphis, all of which were received last 
 fall. Every instrument fully warranted for five years, and sold at 
 Lowest Pkices. 
 
 also sole agent for 
 
 AND 
 
 H[A.INES BROS' PIA.lSrOS, 
 
 Together with the only complete stock of SHEET MUSIC and 
 small Musical Goods in the city. 
 
 SOUTHEEN DEPOT for the sale of the " Burdett" Organ, con- 
 ceded by the profession to be the only reed instrument approaching 
 the tone of the pipe organ. Orders filled, guaranteeing satisfaction, 
 and Music mailed free of postage. 
 
 TOTHETRADE- 
 
 We have also recently added a WHOLESALE DEPARTMENT, ^'^^ 
 can give the same rates as New York Jobbers. 
 
 JAS. A. McCLURE. 
 
 138 
 
WALL PAPER. 139 
 
 In glancing through their attractive emporiums, we found not only- 
 rare collections of Sheet Music, adapted to all manner of Instruments, 
 but a vast collection of Pianos, Organs, Mclodeons, Violins, Flutes, 
 Guitars, Banjos and Accordeons; German Silver, Brass and Field 
 Band Instruments; Strings, Musical Goods of, in short, every variety, 
 everything that will produce a "sweet concord of sounds," from a 
 Reed Fife to the most elaborately-finished and finely-cased Rosewood 
 Piano, and representing all of the most popular and celebrated manu- 
 factories in the United States and Europe. 
 
 The house of Jas. A. McClure is the oldest Music House in the 
 city, having been established by the present proprietor, in 1855. Mr. 
 ^McClure has the Nashville Agency for the first-class and popular 
 Piano Manufactories of Steinway & Sons, Dunham & Sons, ^Ym. 
 Knabe & Co., and Haines Brothers, and for the famous Burdett Organ. 
 In this connection, we would say that Mr. McClure, during the past 
 year, added to his business an entirely new department in this section, 
 viz.: the manufacture of Pipe Organs, and also, all things favor- 
 ing, expects soon to add that of Piano Fortes. Judging from the 
 success that he has met with in the former, we have but little fears 
 for the latter; for, during last Summer, he turned out complete from 
 his Factory, as his first effort, a beautiful and richly-toned Organ for 
 Ashwood Church, near Columbia, Tennessee, at a (X)st of |800, and 
 he has also but recently completed a larger and more perfect one for 
 the Presbyterian Church in Edgefield, at a cost of $2,500. 
 
 John Luck deals only in small Instruments, in the way of Musical 
 Goods, and devotes the greater portion of his attention to the sale of 
 all kinds of Children's Toys, Pyrotechnical Goods, Willow \Yare, 
 etc. Of this latter line, he has, undoubtedly, the largest and most 
 varied stock in the city, and perhaps in the South. 
 
 Wall Paper. 
 
 In this department of trade, one of such an essential nature, we 
 note that so far as AVholesaleing or extensive dealings are concerned, 
 it has of late grown with remarkable rapidity in our city, and is fast 
 assuming extensive proportions. Indeed, even within our remem- 
 brance has it increased from mere obscure corners on the shelves of 
 bookstores to formidable transactions, and is now conducted by firms 
 occupying three and four story warehouses, and making Wall Paper 
 and its kindred branches their specialty. This increase is almost a 
 
WALL PAPERS AND DECORATIVE PAPER HAMIN&S, 
 
 "Windo-w Sh.ad.es and "Venetian. Blinds, 
 
 Manufacturers of Ornamental, Pier and Mantle Glasses, Frames, Con- 
 sole Tables, Window Cornice, Portrait and Picture Frames, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 Gilt, Walnut and Rosewood Mouldings, Patent Step Ladders, Looking 
 Glass, Plates, etc., etc., etc., 
 
 C. W. KLAGES, 
 
 DEALER IN 
 
 PL^IIT & FA.]SrCY 
 
 DECOKATIVE PAPER, 
 
 Window Shades, &c., 
 
 ). 124 Clmrcli Street, near MX - - MM% Tennessee. 
 
 140 
 
WALL PArER. 141 
 
 clear gain for the commerce of the city of Nashville; and when we 
 place the financial amount of business transacted by the Wall Paper 
 houses of Nashville at more than $100,000 for 1869, the differ- 
 ence in our favor will be much more readily aj)parent. 
 
 The firms dealing in Paper Hangings, etc., are four in number, 
 and are located as follows: Jno. W. Hill & Co., 22 South College 
 street; W. Freeman & Co., 13 North College; C. W. Klages, cor- 
 ner Church and High streets; and Geo. Hutchinson, 51 Church 
 street. The latter two are engaged for the most part in the local 
 trade, while the two former have been very successful in building up 
 an extensive business that not only takes in a good share of home 
 patronage, but penetrates far into the States South and adjoining 
 us. So far as the stocks of our dealers are concerned, they are al- 
 ways well selected and well adapted to the wants of this locality. 
 Traveling men from Eastern houses have admitted that the Wall 
 Paper houses of Nashville .bore most favorable comparisons both in 
 extent and variety, with any similar houses West of the Alleghanies. 
 All classes, qualities and designs are kept by them, from the finer 
 kinds of Velvet, Velvet and Gold, and Satined-Surfaced Papers, ele- 
 gant and beautiful, from the largest American, English, French and 
 German manufactories, down to the lowest-priced articles in use, to 
 suit all shades, colors and conditions. 
 
 The firm of Jno. W. Hill & Co., composed of live, energetic young 
 men, having effected favorable arrangements with some of the largest 
 Wall Paper Manufacturers in the United States, according to their 
 newspaper advertisements, are prepared to duplicate the prices of 
 New York and Philadelphia houses, only making additional charges 
 for freight from the manufactories to their warehouse. They are also 
 extensive dealers in Photographic Goods, Artists' Supplies, etc., etc. 
 
 The house of W. Freeman & Co., is the oldest house in the trade, 
 and the large patronage they receive may be taken as the best evi- 
 dence of their enterprise and energy. Beside their dealings in Wall 
 Papers and Decorative Paper Hangings, they are also engaged in 
 finishing Ornamental, Pier and Mantel Glasses, Frames, Console 
 Tables, Window Cornice, Portrait and Picture Frames, as well as be- 
 ing general dealers in French and Belgian Plate, and the most cele- 
 brated brands of American Window Glass. 
 
 Mr. C. W. Klages has lately removed from an old and well-known 
 stand on Market street to the new and rapidly growing business 
 thoroughfare, Church street, keeping pace, as it were, with the prog- 
 ress of the times. Mr. Klages is also engaged in the manufacture of 
 
142 NASHVILLE AND HEE TEADE. 
 
 some kinds of Wall Paper, and has the benefit of fifteen years' expe- 
 rience in the business here in Nashville. 
 
 Stoves and Tinware. 
 
 To have the least possible idea, or to rightly determine the magni- 
 tude of this trade in Nashville, the curious should, some fine day, 
 take a stroll through the numerous and exteneive Stove and Tinware 
 establishmente of the city and observe the energy there displayed, 
 and the heavy transactioue going on. True, nearly every oity, town 
 and village of the country have what they call "Tin Shops," but 
 when we designate the principal houses engaged in the business in 
 Nashville as both numerous and extensive, we mean it in every sense, 
 for we doubt whether any city of the same size in America can eclipse 
 us in this line. Industrious and enterprising, and by happy combi- 
 nations of mercantile tact with mechanical skill, our merchants have 
 established a flourishing trade and obtained a prominence that would 
 indeed be difficult to deprive them of. Aided in the prosecution of 
 their business by the decided cheapness of, and close proximity to 
 Iron and Coal — two all-important constituents in their trade, together 
 with other marked advantages, enables them to produce articles whose 
 durability, utility, beauty of design, excellent workmanship, and de- 
 cided cheapness has induced many dealers of professed knowledge of 
 the trade in Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi and Southern 
 Kentucky to order their supplies exclusively from this city. 
 
 There are eight houses engaged in this business in Nashville, suf- 
 ficiently large to comport with the dignity of the above remarks. 
 There are many more on a smaller scale, but we speak only of those 
 who Wholesale, viz. : McClure, Buck & Co., 22 North Market street; 
 Phillips, Buttorf & Co., 10 North College ; Moore, Collins & Co.,* 37 
 
 *The house of Moore, Collins & Co. are the sole Manufacturers of a newly patented 
 Churn Dash, invented by Theophilus Crutcher, Esq., of Edgefield, and which gives 
 promise of very considerable popularity in the future. Messrs, Moore, Collins & Co. 
 recently purchased the use of this patent and the sole privilege of manufacturing 
 them. This they are prepared to do extensively, and have gone at it with a will. 
 This Dash, it is claimed, far surpasses anything ever before used. Its great 
 recommending features being simplicity, an absence of complicated apparatus, the 
 power of being worked more readily in either Stone Jar or old-fashioned Wooden 
 Churn, than any other kind of Dash; its economy of time and labor, making Butter 
 in from five to twenty minutes owing to the temperature of the milk — other Dashes re- 
 quiring from ONE TO SIX hours ; and lastly, its durability and cheapness, costing not 
 more than twelve dollars per dozen, with a liberal discount to the Trade. Messrs, 
 
SLITESTOTE&TINWAREHOUSE! 
 
 No. 10 IfORTII COI.I.EGE STREET, 
 
 CX2 
 
 -3:1 
 
 -=4 
 
 O-i 
 
 tr3 
 
 CO 
 
 Tinware, Stove 
 
 J 
 
 CASTINGS, WOOD & WILLOW WARE, 
 IkNB El^AiVlELEO GRATES, 
 
 PORTABLE AND SCHOOL HOUSE FURNACES, 
 
 AND A COMPLETE LINE OF 
 
 HOUSE FURNISHING GOODS. 
 
 We keep at all times a complete line of the most approved STOVES. 
 We mannfactnre all kinds of 
 
 And do the BEST GALVANIZED IRON CORNICE AND FIRE ROOFING WORK 
 
 dcme In the city. 
 
 We would call especial attention to our MONITOR STOVE, aa 
 
 being the best thing in the market. 
 
 143 
 
•I 
 
 Wo. 22 XORTH MARKET STREET, 
 
 -DEALERS IN- 
 
 TIN PLATE, BLOCK TIN, 
 
 BKASS KETTLES, 
 
 METALLIC AND COPPEH BOTTOMS, WIRE, 
 
 Enssia & Mitalion Rissia Sheet Iron, GalYauizel, Clarcoal & Cominoii Slieel Iron. 
 
 c*^ 
 
 Mantle and Jamb Grates, Wood and Iron Ware, 
 
 HOUSi: FURNISHIN^G GOODS GENERALLY. 
 
 Also, sole manufacturers of the celebrated 
 
 ITITrought Iron Cook Stove^ 
 
 with the Improved Extension Toj). We are the exclusive dealers in 
 
 the celebrated 
 
 Fashion and Champion Cook Stoves, 
 
 which are superior to any other Stoves in use — unequaled for com- 
 fort, economy, neatness and durability. 
 
 144 
 
STOVES AND TINWAKE. 145 
 
 North Market ; J. W. Wilson & Co., 22 North College; Buck, Barnes 
 & Co., 51 North Market ; Treppard & Co., 19 and 21 North College ; 
 T. ^Y. Weller, 53 and 55 Broad ; Murray, Jones & Co.. 33 South 
 Market; and J. D. Strader, 18 Broad street. These houses, com- 
 bined, give employment to about 175 persons. Their entire daily 
 capacity has been estimated at 75 Wrought-Iron Stoves or 500 dozen 
 assorted Tinware; and it has been reckoned that they worked up 
 during 1869 not less than 700,000 pounds of Tin, 250,000 pounds of 
 Sheet-Iron, and 50,000 pounds of Sheet-Copper. All together, this 
 Trade amounted in 1869 to fully Eight Hundred Thousand Dollars, 
 (^800,000), which is, as we have been informed, an increase of at lea^i 
 twenty jper cent, over sales of 1868, and o^ fully one hundred per cent. 
 over sales prior to the " late unpleasantness." 
 
 The houses designated are all engaged extensively in manufactur- 
 ing — indeed, do actually turn out from their own work-shops the larger 
 portion of the Wares sold. These articles embrace an almost incon- 
 ceivable array of Pans, Buckets, Oil Cans, Stove Trimmings, and a 
 thousand and one kinds of Stamped, Japanned and Plain Tinware 
 and Iron and Copper Goods. They are prepared to furnish every 
 article known for domestic and culinary purposes, especially Cook- 
 ing and Heating Stoves, both Wrought and Cast ; and are at all 
 times prepared to fill orders for anything from the old-fashioned 
 "Franklin Stove" and Ten-Plate Wood Stove, down to the most 
 modern styles and patterns. 
 
 AVe would call the attention of Builders, in particular, to their su- 
 perb stocks of both Imported and Home Manufactured Building 
 Material, including in part Plain and Enameled Mantle Grates, of 
 all styles and designs, and Marbleized Iron Mantles, gotten up in ex- 
 quisite style and rare polish. This class of material, we will take 
 occasion to remark, is rapidly superseding the old styles of wood 
 mantles, and they are especially recommended to us for durability, 
 beauty, finish, the power of retaining their polish, and for not being 
 
 Moore, Collins & Co. have thus far turned out a goodly number, and in every single 
 instance they have met with the unqualified approval of purchasers; They are pre- 
 pared to sell State and County Eights, and when the article is fairly introduced, will 
 no doubt mark a new era in household affairs, and be the pet of many a thrifty house- 
 wife throughout our progressive country. An accompanying cut will be found on 
 another page illustrative of this simple but useful invention ; but for details, the 
 reader is referred to the published ( ircular of the Manufacturers, furnished on ap- 
 plication. Being a Southern invention, as an evidence of Southern ingenuity, it is 
 highly commendable, and furthermore, being manufactured in the South, is a fact 
 that should secure for it the consideration and patronage it merita. 
 
 10 
 
MOORE, COLLINS % CO. 
 
 WHOLESALE MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 
 
 STOVES, TINWARE AND CASTINGS, 
 
 37 North Market Street, 
 
 TENNESSEE, 
 
 ers, for the United States, of 
 improved 
 
 CHURN DASH, 
 
 JDIEIC 21, 18S9. 
 
 OF THE CHURN DASH. 
 
 NASHVILLE, 
 
 Sole Owners and Manufactur- 
 the highly 
 
 CRUTCHER 
 
 &ENEEAL DESCRIPTION 
 
 The tin tube B, is made 
 its top. c, c, for the admis- 
 above are two smaller holes, 
 small screws, or tacks, to se- 
 is designed to lengthen the 
 To the lower end of said tin 
 E which receives a male 
 designed to enclose the valve 
 of tin, and funnel shaped, 
 down movements. It 
 holes, and attached to 
 the dash is being rais- 
 opens the valve Q., 
 and as it is forced 
 closes, which forces 
 at the same time the 
 through the perforat- 
 The tube i. which is 
 
 with perforated holes near 
 sion of air. Immediately 
 d. di, which are intended for 
 cure a wooded staff, which 
 staff to any desirable length, 
 tube is affi xeda female screw, 
 screw p, The screws being 
 Q, The dasher H. is made 
 which facilitates its up and 
 is perforated with 
 the male screw, p, As 
 ed, the air from above 
 and admits the air, 
 downward, the valve 
 the air into the milk; 
 milk is thrown in jets 
 ed holes in the dash, 
 continued to the low- 
 
 er part of the dash, is intended to keep the air from escaping when 
 the dash is raised, except through the milk. The construction of this 
 dash, we claim, removes all hard labor in churning, saves time, is 
 simple and cheap. 
 
 SEWD FOR ILLUSTRATED CIRCULAR. 
 
 ^» ^ 
 
 -*^ 
 
 ALSO AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED 
 
 LADY GAT AND ACTIVE COOKING STOVES. 
 
 146 
 
SEWING MACHINES. 147 
 
 SO easily soiled as the White Marble. There is still another article 
 which is being made a specialty of, and that is Galvanized Iron 
 Cornices for buildings. Great perfection has been attained in this 
 kind of work, and it is coming rapidly into favor all over the coun- 
 try, North and South. Nearly every new building in the city is 
 graced by some beautiful design made of this material, and it is fast 
 taking the place of wood, brick, etc. For Cornices, Window-Hoods, 
 and all kinds of Front Ornaments, it is unexcelled. The unfitness 
 of wood and other materials for this purpose, and the principal re- 
 striction hitherto to the more extended use of Iron, being its ten- 
 dency to oxydation or rust, has happily been mastered by mechanical 
 ingenuity, and it is now coated with another metal, forming a combi- 
 nation impervious to atmospherical influences, preventative of fire, 
 and known as Galvanized Iron. Nashville Dealers in this article, as 
 well as in all others of their trade, are fully able to compete with 
 any market in the United States. 
 
 Sewing Machines. 
 
 Regarding the importance of even this branch of trade in our 
 City, perhaps, there are but few of our citizens enlightened. If we 
 were to interrogate a hundred, a thousand, or even ten thousand per- 
 sons, of the whole number we would find but a few, outside of the 
 several Agencies, imbued with the slightest tincture of an idea of the 
 rapid advancement and vast progress already made. Possessing this 
 general ignorance of not overly recondite truths, if they would only 
 take the trouble of observing what is going on around them, many, 
 perhaps, will be wonder-struck, when we state that the Sewing Ma- 
 chine Business of Nashville, for the year 1869, amounted to tico 
 ttiousand Sewing Machines, in Plain, Walnut, Rosewood and Mahogany 
 cases, ranging in price from $60 to $160, and even as high as $200. 
 A fair average estimate places the bulk of sales at $65 for each Ma- 
 chine, which will amount, in the aggregate, to the handsome sum of 
 $130,000. 
 
 This business is divided between the representatives of five of the 
 leading manufactories of the United States, whose Agencies are located 
 as follows : for the Grover and Baker Machine, B. W. Randal, Agent, 
 114 Church Street; for the Howe Machine, Oatman & Langsdale, 
 Agents, 156 Church Street; for the Florence Machine, Nelson & 
 Smith, Agents, Stacey House Building, Church Street ; for the Whee- 
 ler & Wilson Machine, N. 0. Thayer, Agent, 108 Church Street 
 
ma-HEEST i=>i^e:m:itjm: 
 
 ElaASTIC STITCH 
 
 Family Sewing Macliines. 
 
 POINTS or EXCELLENCE. 
 
 Beauty and Elasticity of Stitch 
 
 Perfection and Simplicity of Machinery. 
 
 Using both threads directly from the spools. 
 
 No fastening of seams by hand and no waste of thread. 
 
 Wide range of ajsplicatif n without change of adjustment. 
 
 The seam retains its beauty and firmness after washing and ironing. 
 
 Besides doing all kinds of work done by other Sewing Machines, 
 these Machines execute the m( st beautiful and permanent Embroidery 
 and Ornamental Work. 
 
 112^ The Highest Premiums at aH the Faiis and E;xhibitioiis of the United States 
 and Europe have been awarded the Cirover & Baker Sewing Machines, and the work 
 done by them, wlierever exhibited in competition. 
 
 I^ The very highest prize, THE CROSS OF THE LEGION OF HONOR, was conferred 
 on tlie representative of the tJ rover & Baker Sewing Macliines, at the Exposition Uni- 
 verselle, Paris, 1807, this attesting their great superiority over all other Sewing Ma- 
 chines. 
 
 114: Church Streets Nashville. 
 
 148 
 
THE WORLD RENOWNED 
 
 PARIS EXPOSITION UNIVERSELLE, 1867, 
 
 To this Machine was awarded the HIGHEST HONORS ever conferred up^n a 
 
 St'wins Machine. 
 
 Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor & Gold Medal. 
 
 
 ^OVOMfiJi^ 
 
 <^-^»^^^ 
 
 mi 
 
 1867. 
 
 The above are fac-similes of the Cross of the Legion of Honor and Gold Medal 
 confeiTcd on EUas Howe, Jr., at the Paris Exposition of 1867. The Machine which 
 bears his name has long been regarded as the standard of excellence, nnd has become 
 celebrated the world over. The work done by these Machines is unsurpassed-sewing 
 the thinnest mu<!lin or thf> thickest clotli, with equal facility; and requiring no extra 
 adjusting for uneven thicknesses or passing over seams; it turns its own hem as It 
 sews, sewing a seam stronger than the fabric itself. To see it hem, fell, tuck, braid 
 cord, quilt and gather, it seems more like a thing of lile than a machine moved by the 
 will of theoperator. It is capable of doing every description of sewing that is rerjuired 
 in a family; and also for seamstresses and dress.makers it will be found invaluable. 
 They seldom or never give any trouble in operating, and in a word, are the .Most Satis- 
 factory Seifittg Machines in ZTse. 
 
 A Medallion likeness of Mr. Howe is embedded In the plates of every Howe Ala- 
 chine manufactured by the Howe Machine Co., without which, none are gennin.. 
 Every puroha*!er of a Sewing Machine should inquire for JCLIAS UOWJ£ Jr '« 
 SEWING MACHINE, and if they are not sold in their vicinity, address the General 
 Agency for Illustrated Circulars, etc., an.l do not purchase until you have tho"ou<'hly 
 Investigated these renowned Machines. 
 
 Oatxnaix & Langsdale^ 
 
 141 CHURCH STREET, NASHVILLE, TENN. 
 
 149 
 
THE IIs/II^ie.O^EID 
 
 TUESJE 9IACaiNES ARE 
 
 Simple, Perfect and Durable. 
 
 SJ^LESIS/OOOVE 
 
 STAGEY HOUSE BUILDING, CHUSCH STREET, 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 Illiistratel Prospectus, j itli Sammes of fori, Sent Post-Free. 
 
 AJJjyBESS, 
 
 nELSON & SMITH7 
 
 Gen'l Southwestern Agents, 
 
 FLORENCE SEWING MACHINE. 
 150 
 
 
151 JEWELRY. 
 
 and for the Singer Machine, Young & Co., Agents, 156 Church 
 Street. The offices and ware-rooms of these agencies are fitted up in 
 elegant style, with splendid drawing-room furniture, carpets, etc., 
 and are among the neatest and most attractive places in the City. 
 
 These offices are the General Agencies for the State of 2l/v?iessee, and 
 many of the interior counties are being canvassed by their energetic 
 subordinates, who control certain sub-divi.«ions, traveling over the 
 country in ingenious advertising wagons, visiting every house, and 
 diligently advocating the excellence of their respective Machines. 
 However, Nashville controls this rapidly increasing trade, and is the 
 Fountain-head and Depot of Supplies for them. 
 
 We will not so far commit ourself as to attempt discrimination, 
 or to extol the " Beauty and Elasticity of Stitch, or the Perfection 
 and Simplicity of the Machinery" employed in the respective Ma- 
 chines. Suffice it, that all the latest improvements attend each one. 
 Some one of these " Iron-needle-women of the Period," conceived by 
 philanthropic minds and rightfully termed the "Angel of the House- 
 hold," should adorn the home of every industrious and liberal-hearted 
 citizen of the South. Therefore, we conclude, by remarking that the 
 agents, who are live, go-ahead-ative and courteous dealers, offer 
 countless inducements to customers, and invite examination and trial 
 of their respective stocks. 
 
 Jewelry. 
 
 Although we do not claim for the above branch of trade any great 
 degree of wholesale transactions, yet we presume we will not transcend 
 the legitimate purposes of our book, if we, at least, present to its 
 readers an idea in brief of the extent of its business. Then, too, we 
 may draw a moral from the sale of Jewelry, and the investments 
 made in its fascinating and attractive Goods, as it is pretty good evi- 
 dence of the prosperity of a city, and of its healthy Commercial con- 
 dition. There are in the City, exclusive of more than a score of 
 Watch and Jewelry Repairing Establishments, nine houses, which we 
 may call extensive Jewelry Stores, situated as follows: Messrs. Gates 
 & Pohlman, corner College and Union ; F. L. Davies & Bro., Max- 
 well House Building, corner Church and Cherry Streets; W. H. Cal- 
 houn & Co., corner Public Square and College Streets ; Geo. P. Cal- 
 houn & Co., 33 Union Street; F. S. Badoux, 31 Cherry Street; 
 Ernest Wiggers, 31^ Cherry Street; E. L. Tarbox, 52 Union Street; 
 Joshua Flowers, 44 Union ; and B. H. Stief, 5 Union Street, beside 
 
CrE"V7^E LE I^S 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 WATCHES, CLOCKS, &c.. 
 
 Corner Union and College Streets, 
 
 NASHVILLE, 
 
 TENNESSEE, 
 
 This House, ESTABLISHED IN 1836, is still in success- 
 ful operation, and its proprietors are prepared to furnish, 
 at reasonable prices, any article generally found in a First 
 Class Jewelry Establishment. 
 
 THEY ARE ALSO AGENTS FOR THE CELEBRATED 
 
 TEERY PATENT CLOCK COMPANY. 
 
 Watches and Jewelry carefully and promptly repaired by the 
 most competent workmen, and all work warranted. 
 
 152 
 
F.1.D1VIEUBR0. 
 
 WATCHES, JEWELRY, DIAMONDS, 
 
 J^l<rJD 
 
 Sterling Silverware, 
 
 Corner of dinrcli and Clierry Streets, 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 153 
 
as s '3C jm^ js Ki X ts sk ie: x» jl s 4k s' . 
 
 No. 33 TJNIOSr STREET. 
 
 NASHVILLE, - TENNESSEE. 
 
 Zi>2 
 CO 
 
 r3 
 
 DEALERS IM 
 
 
 S^ 
 
 ZKi. 
 
 Jewelry, Silverware, 
 
 mm pocK[T miD tabli ciiti[ry, 
 
 Gold, Silver and Steel Frames, 
 
 "With the finest Pebble Grlasses, to suit any age. 
 
 GOLD PENS, CLOCKS, FANCY GOODS, &C. 
 
 Repairing done, with the utmost care and promptness, by 
 skillful and experienced workmen. 
 
 154 
 
p. S. BADOUX, Agent, 
 
 Jeweler, Watch-maker, 
 
 AND DEALER IN 
 
 GOLD, SIWEfiiei DliMflilOS, Filin GOODS, 
 
 And Watchmakers' Materials, 
 
 Ko. 31 3SORTH €HERBY STREET, 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 Particular Attention paid to the Repairing of Watches and Jewelry. 
 
 MANUFACTURES TO ORDER 
 
 Wigs, Chignons, Hair Ornaments and Jewelry 
 
 OF ALL, KINDS AND STYLES. 
 
 A large and well selected stock of Combs, Perfumery and Toilet Articles always on 
 hand. 
 
 No. 31 NortH Cherry St., NASHVILLE, TENN . 
 
 J. SHEGOQ SMITH. ^HOS. SMITH. Jb. 
 
 MANUFACTURERS OP 
 
 BRITANI& AND PLATED WARE. 
 
 AND WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IN 
 
 Glassware' and Table 
 
 No. 135 CliTircli Street, 
 
 NASHVII.LE, - - -. TENNESSEE 
 
 Also, Agents for Wm. Rogers' Manufacturing Company's Celebrated 
 
 Plated Spoons and Forks, R. Gleason's Hoiiowware, Young, 
 
 Haynes & Dyers' Silvered Glassware, etc., etc., etc. 
 
 155 
 
156 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 quite a number of Fancy Goods Stores dealing more or less in tlie 
 intrinsic trinkets and precious metals in their numerous manufactured 
 states. The house of F. A. Badoux has made a specialty of Watch 
 and Clock-maker's Materials. 
 
 The estimated amount of Jewelry sales in Nashville, for 1869, is 
 placed between $250,000 and $300,000. This, perhaps, will fall 
 short of the sales in years previous to the war; bnt transactions are 
 conducted now in a manner vastly different from what they were in 
 what were termed the "flush times" of the State. People, in those 
 days, bought on a credit, paid either at the end of the year, or "when 
 they sold their cotton," consequently were reckless as to what they 
 purchased, and the extravagance thereof. Now-a-days sales are made 
 for cash, at least, are intended as such, and the business is said to be 
 more lucrative, at any rate, is livelier, and stocks are turned over to 
 more advantage than formerly. 
 
 Take into consideration the population of Nashville, our Jewelers 
 display, in their show cases, as costly and rare goods as the most ex- 
 tensive dealers in America, not even excepting the house of Ball, 
 Black & Co., New York City. The country trading with Nashville 
 in this line is one of the wealthiest and most fashionable of the 
 Union, and our dealers find it entailed upon them, to keep the best 
 and most novel styles that are sold. 
 
 Visitors to Nashville will find a deal of pleasure in examining our 
 palatial Jewelry stores, decked out in gorgeous furniture, and present- 
 ing magnificent stocks of Watches, Clocks, Jewelry, Diamonds, Ru- 
 bies, Pearls, Onyx, and Sardonyx, Corals, Garnets, Jets, etc., etc., in 
 plain or highly enameled Settings, together with Silver and Plated 
 Wares, Masonic and Odd Fellows Jewels, and the most beautiful 
 Etruscan Work, Roman, Saracenic, Moorish, and Egyptian, and the 
 newest and most exquisite styles of Moss Agate Work, beside a 
 countless fand indescribable collection of little articles of hijouterie 
 that glitter in their natural wealth and dazzle by the aid of scientific 
 polish and workmanship. 
 
 In addition to these there are several houses devoted almost exclu- 
 sively to dealings in Natural and Artificial Hair Goods. It is in- 
 deed surprising to note the extent of their transactions, and in a 
 branch of business, too, that very recently has taken position in the 
 world of trade, and, we think, but few of our readers imagine that 
 the Hair Business of Nashville will amount to thirty thousand dollars 
 per annum, which it will certainly do, as we have it from those who 
 best know. The most prominent of these houses are those of 
 
JEWELEY. 157 
 
 Madame Badoux, 31 North Cherry Street ; P. Graville, 25 North 
 Cherry Street ; and Mrs. M. F. Hoover & Co., 21 North Cherry 
 Street. All kinds of Hair Jewelry are manufactured and sold by 
 them, embracing in part complete sets of Breast Pins, Ear-rings, 
 Bracelets, etc., as well as all manner of Wigs, Chignons, Waterfalls, 
 Japan Switches, etc. Some of these articles are rare specimens of 
 workmanship, and are apt to deceive the most knowing by their de- 
 cided resemblance to Natural "capillary adornments." 
 
 Britannia and Plated Ware. 
 
 As an exclusive or seperate branch of business, that of Britannia 
 and Plated Ware is a lately founded and novel one for Nashville. 
 Until quite recently all goods of this class were kept in the Jewelry, 
 Hardware, Queensware, or House Furnishing Stores, but as in every- 
 thing else, Nashville is now asserting her importance, "feeling her 
 oats," as it were, and we must now have seperate and distinct houses 
 for every legitimate department of trade. 
 
 On the first of November last, the Messrs. Smith Bros, opened a 
 branch house in this City, at 135 Church Street, for the Wholesale 
 and Retail of Britannia and Silver Plated Ware, Glassware, Table 
 Cutlery, etc. This firm are experienced English Manufacturers 
 and since their residence in this country have successfully engaged in 
 the manufacture of many articles in their line. At present their 
 factory is located at No. 65 Union Street, Boston, Massachusetts, 
 where they employ about forty hands, and turn out annually a large sup- 
 ply of Britannia and Plated Ware, embracing such articles as Tea, 
 and Coffee Urns, Plain and Chased Water and Ice Pitchers, Castors, 
 Waiters, Cake and Card Baskets, Communion Service, Butter 
 Dishes, Mugs, Ladels, and Spoons and many other articles, whose ar- 
 tistic and beautiful designs, neatness of finish and superior material 
 are surpassed by but few, if any manufactories in the country. These 
 gentlemen design establishing a similar Ilanufactory in Nashville 
 at an early day, and will, in all probabiltty, do so the coming year. 
 
 They are also agents for the sale of a superior class of Flint, Sil- 
 vered, and Chryseled Glass-ware, from the celebrated factories of Wm. 
 Rogers' Manufacturing Company, Hartford, Connecticut; R. Glea- 
 son & Sons, Dorchester, Massachusetts ; and Young, Haines & Dyer, 
 Boston Silver Glass Company. As a matter of course, being 3Ianu- 
 facturers themselves, they are enabled to sell to merchants at figures 
 lower than ever before obtained in Nashville. They propose to sell 
 
158 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 at Eastern Manufacturer's prices, with the freight added, which seems 
 to us a fair and liberal mode of doing business. Being a new house 
 in a new business, they are exceedingly anxious to be tried, at least. 
 
 Toys, Fancy Goods and Fireworks. 
 
 There is still another branch of Wholesale Business in our City, 
 whose sales, for 1869, will add seventy-jive thousand dollars more to 
 the already extended columns. We allude to the trade coming under 
 the caption of Toys, Fancy Goods, and Fire Works. Two or three 
 houses engage especially in this business, while nearly all of the 
 leading Confectioners have more or less capital invested in the same. 
 The exclusive Toy houses in the City, are: Messrs. John Luck, 47 
 Union and 110 Church street, and Guntrath & Schiff, 39 North 
 Cherry street. As a representative branch it is worthy of mention, 
 and the more from the fact that it attained its present standard only 
 a short while since. All kinds and descriptions of articles made for 
 Presents or for the amusement of children are sold, including Dolls, 
 Toy-Guns, Wagons, Wheelbarrows, in fact so indescribable and 
 numerous are the articles kept, that it would be a tedious job calling 
 them over. Great varieties of Fancy Work Boxes, Writing Desks, 
 Childrens' Cabs, and Willow Ware, etc., are to be found here, while 
 among Fireworks — whose sales are considerable of themselves alone, 
 reaching probably $10,000 during last year — we find full supplies of 
 all kinds of Fire Crackers, Sky Rockets, Roman Candles, Bengal 
 Lights, Chinese Lanterns, and many other articles made for illumi- 
 nations on occasions of jollification. A very great portion of these 
 goods are imported direct from Europe, and consequently can be sold 
 as cheap as in any market Nashville directly competes with. 
 
 The foregoing departments, we believe, include all that may be 
 classified as Wholesale Commercial Branches of Business in our 
 midst. We shall next pass to the consideration of Nashville as a 
 Manufacturing Point. In these latter investigations we have found 
 it an extremely diflBcult matter to seperate the two distinct depart- 
 ments of business, many of the houses engaged in the one branch 
 engaging also in the other; yet we flatter ourselves, that we can, at 
 least, present them clearly, even if those who Manufacture do get 
 the benefit of seperate attention. 
 
THE MANUFACTURES OF NASHVILLE. 
 
 It is an axiom as true as trite that no city has been or can be per- 
 manently prosperous without Manufactures. A prosperity based ex- 
 clusively upon a Commercial Business, must necessarily be ephemeral. 
 A city which, for instance, depends upon any one or more of the 
 great Agricultural Staples for support, business and growth, is liable 
 to become paralyzed in her energies and interests, not only by failure 
 in the production of such Staples, but from their diversion to other 
 points whose eligibility gives them the advantage and preference as 
 markets. Such, also, are the fluctuations in the price of articles of 
 Produce that no certainty of successful operations can be relied upon; 
 and where uncertain, feverish and exciting speculation underlies the 
 business of any community, or city, there is no guarantee of perma- 
 nent prosperity ; whereas, where Manufaciuring is carried on success- 
 fully there is a steady, healthful and substantial growth. These facts, 
 then, however unwelcome they may be to strictly Commercial men, 
 prompt us to the consideration of Nashville as a Manufactur- 
 ing Point. 
 
 The term Manufadwe, in its derivative sense, signifies making by 
 hand. Its modern acceptation, however, is directly the reverse of its 
 original meaning; and it is now applied more particularly to that 
 class of products which are made extensively by machinery, without 
 much aid from manual labor. The word, therefore, is an extremely 
 flexible one, and as Political Economists disagree in opinion as to 
 whether Millers and Bakers are properly manufacturers, we shall, if 
 need be, take advantage of the uncertainty, and consider as Manufac- 
 tures what strictly may belong to other classifications of productive 
 industry. The end of every Manufacture is to increase the utility of 
 objects by modifying their external form or changing their internal 
 constitution, and that the labors of both Millers and Bakers effect 
 these things, stands undisputed. Political Economists also divide the 
 essential requisites of production into two parts, viz. : Labor and ap- 
 
160 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 propriate natural objects. But when applied to Manufacturing In- 
 dustry, "success," they say, ''depends upon a variety or rather com- 
 bination of circumstances, partly moral and partly physical" Fore- 
 most among the former are freedom of industry and security of prop- 
 erty. Happily for us that our republican form of government not 
 only protects but fosters and encovirages industry, while true republi- 
 can principles make its faithful pursuit the " open sesame " to the en- 
 joyments of its manifold benefits; and property is adequately pro- 
 tected by governmental and legislative action wherever honesty is the 
 ruling policy. Another moral cause contributing, and in fact essen- 
 tial to eminence in Manufacturing Industry, is the general diffusion 
 of intelligence among the people. By intelligence in this connection, 
 we do not mean merely the understanding necessary to enable an in- 
 dividual to become the maker or the master of a machine, — for capa- 
 city to contrive and invent seems a part of the original constitution 
 of man. But simply the exercise of his faculties in the application 
 of practical improvements upon successful enterprise in invention or 
 mechanical labor, and the approbation and rewards bestowed there- 
 upon. The eminent positions at present occupied by the New Eng- 
 land and other Manufacturing States are due rather to their sound, 
 intelligent Jand practical philosophy than to any physical advan- 
 tages or original intellectual superiority. The foul tongue of slander 
 has caused to be circulated abroad that in the South mechanical labor 
 was degraded to serfdom, or at best was but little appreciated. These 
 slanders, for such they are, have been no doubt more effective in 
 hiding our noble section from the attention it actually deserved per- 
 haps than any other cause. We here assert it, and appeal to the in- 
 telligence of our country for confirmation thereof, that in no portion 
 of America's broad domains is an honest and industrious mechanic 
 held in higher esteem ; and that, instead of frowning down on such, 
 our children are educated to regard ignorance and idleness as vices, 
 and that to add something to the aggregate product of their country's 
 wealth is both honorable and praiseworthy. 
 
 Passing to the consideration of the physical causes of eminence in 
 Manufacturing Industry, we remark that they are more obvious than 
 the moral causes, and perhaps more important. To produce manu- 
 factured goods of a given quality with the least expense, being the 
 great desideratum, it follows, that whatever contributes to economy in 
 production; whatever saves labor, or transportation, or raw materials, 
 cannot be safely overlooked or despised. But to investigate carefully 
 all the circumstances that have an influence upon economical produc- 
 
ADVANTAGES FOR MANUPACTUBING. 161 
 
 tion, would fill a considerable volume and be foreign to our main in- 
 quiry. The physical advantages which have contributed to Eng- 
 land's eminence in Manufactures, and which, we think, would apply 
 as well to our country, are epitomized by the Edingburgh Review in 
 the following summary : 1st. Possession of supplies of the raw ma- 
 terials used in Manufactures. 2d. The command of the natural 
 means and agents best fitted to produce power. 3d. The position of 
 the country as respects others; and 4th. The nature of the soil and 
 climate. 
 
 "As respects the first of these circumstances," says the writer, 
 ''every one who reflects on the nature, value and importance of our 
 manufactures of Wool, of the useful Metals, — such as Iron, Lead, 
 Tin, Copper, — and of Leather, Flax, and so forth, must at once ad- 
 mit that our success in them has been materially promoted by our 
 having abundant supplies of the raw material. It is of less conse- 
 quence whence the material of a manufacture possessing great value 
 in small bulk is derived, whether it be furnished from native sources, 
 or imported from abroad, though even in that case the advantage of 
 possessing an internal supply, of which it is impossible to be deprived 
 by the jealousy or hostility of foreigners, must not be overlooked. 
 But no nation can make any considerable progress in the manufacture 
 of bulky and heavy articles, the conveyance of which to a distance 
 unavoidably occasions a large expense, unless she have supplies of 
 the raw material within herself. Our superiority in manufactures 
 depends more at this moment on our superior machines than on any 
 thing else ; and had we been obliged to import the Iron, Brass and 
 Steel, of which they are principally made, it is exceedingly doubtful 
 whether we should have succeeded in bringing them to any thing like 
 their present pitch of improvement." 
 
 "But of all the physical circumstances that have contributed to 
 our wonderful progress in Manufacturing Industry, none has had 
 nearly so much influence as our possession of the most valuable Coal 
 Mines. These have conferred advantages on us not enjoyed in an 
 equal degree by any other people. Even though we had possessed 
 the most abundant supply of the ores of Iron and other useful Metals, 
 they would have been of little or no use, but for our almost inex- 
 haustible Coal Mines." 
 
 Water power, until recently, was considered cheaper, especially for 
 
 small manufacturing establishments, than steam power; but eminent 
 
 engineers have carefully investigated the subject, and are of the 
 
 opinion that in any position where coal can be had "a< ten cents per 
 
 11 
 
162 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 hiishel" steam is as cheap as water power at its lowest cost. Steam, 
 therefore, being the greatest motive power relied upon to work ma- 
 chinery, we may safely conclude that at no very distant day, the cen- 
 ter of manufacturing interests will be at or near a district possessing 
 inexhaustible supplies of cheap coal. Coal lies at the bottom of all 
 successful manufacturing operations, and it surpasses all the natural 
 products in the power of attracting an industrious population to the 
 vicinity where it can be cheaply and abundantly obtained. In the 
 coal districts of England, we find all her great manufacturing cities and 
 towns — Birmingham, Leeds, Sheffield, Manchester, and many others; 
 while the principal manufacturing cities of the United States — Phila- 
 delphia, Pittsburgh and Wheeling — present similar contrasts, and are 
 located in districts abounding with Coal and its usual accompaniment, 
 Iron. And so it is, despite the present pre-eminence of New England, 
 her glory is destined soon to be overshadowed; for the scepter will, 
 eventually and ere long, depart from Judah, and fall into the hands 
 of other cities possessing all their other advantages, and having, in 
 addition, a convenient proximity to our immense coal beds. For the 
 virtues which make a great people are indigenous to our soil, and will 
 animate and ennoble our population, whenever our capitalists and in- 
 genious men have given its great physical advantages the fulfillment 
 of their "manifest destiny." 
 
 With regard to the third point, viz : favorable situation, as respects 
 commerce with other sections, its importance is second only to that 
 which we have just considered. It is in the nature of manufactures 
 to be regardful of its markets, and to supply with ease the demands 
 of these, as well as to obtain the raw materials on easy terms. There- 
 fore, it is highly important that there should be a complete communi- 
 cation with all parts of the adjacent country, by rail or river, and 
 established commerce, or facilities for commerce therewith. 
 
 A suitable climate is also a consideration of very great importance. 
 The influence of climate upon the productiveness of industry, especially 
 in Manufactures, is very marked. A warm climate not only ener- 
 vates the body, but enfeebles the mind, and produces laziness and 
 neglect. In very cold climates, on the other hand, the powers of 
 nature are benumbed, and the operations of manufacturers often se- 
 riously impeded. The climate has direct influence upon the durabil- 
 ity of manufactured goods, the working of machinery, etc., and thus 
 becomes an element of important consideration in many kinds of 
 Manufactures. 
 
 Most writers on the subject, insist that the soil of a county or dis- 
 
ADVANTAGES FOR MANUFACTURING. 163 
 
 trict well adapted for Manufactures need not be naturally very fertile ; 
 ior, where the soil is naturally so rich, that Agriculture is an easy 
 art, it will not afford sustenance to many kinds of Manufactures. 
 This, to us, seems a mistaken idea; for it is reasonable to suppose 
 that the cost of transportation to and from manufactories, outside, 
 and we might say, far removed from, the districts abounding in raw 
 materials that enter largely into Manufactures, could be obviated by 
 the erection of similar Manufactories nearer to hand. 
 
 Further argument, therefore, is superfluous. The principle is set- 
 tled. And from all these considerations, which we believe to be 
 thoroughly sound, we are led to believe that but few places are well 
 adapted for general Manufactures, and that the best possible locality in 
 the South for general manufacturing, is an attractive and s^iitalle center 
 of Wealth, Population and Intelligence, situated in a populous district, 
 abounding in Coal andiron, and possessing established and superior fa- 
 cilities of intercommunication with all parts of tlie country. 
 
 Now, have we such a locality ? The centers of Wealth, Population 
 and Intelligence in the South are not numerous. Suitable centers for 
 Manufacturing, situated in close proximity to well-developed mines 
 of Coal and Iron, and possessing established facilities for procuring 
 raw materials on the easiest terms, and sending away manufactured 
 produce, in turn, are very few ; and of centers of Wealth Population 
 and Intelligence, we know of but one that possesses all the essential and 
 most of the desirable advantages for manufacturing almost every variety 
 of products. To that one we invite the attention of all those who 
 manufacture elsewhere, or who deal in or consume manufactured com- 
 modities. The subject is one in w^hich all these have a deep concern. 
 If it be true, then, that the highest degree of economy in production 
 depends upon a combination of certain circumstances, rarely found, 
 but which exist in the highest degree of perfection in a certain place, 
 those who desire manufacturing cheaply, and who are at present man- 
 ufacturing elsewhere, will stand greatly in their own light if they fail 
 to at least reflect on the capabilities of such a section. The place to 
 which we invite earnest and sagacious attention is Nashville, the 
 Capital of the Stale of Tennessee. 
 
 Let us now pass to and examine the claims and adaptabilities of 
 this city of Nashville, to the position we have just rudely described. 
 It needs no further argument at our hands, to convince those who are 
 engaged in the search for such places, that Nashville, regarded from 
 
164 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 every point of view, is a center of Wealth, Population and Intelli- 
 gence. How, then, stands /reedom of industry and security of property? 
 In the first place, the citizens of Nashville, who now give tone and 
 direction to its popular sentiment, it may be relied upon, are far too 
 clear-headed and practical in their views to do anything tending to 
 degrade labor and check useful enterprise. In truth, realizing, as 
 they do, their important advantages, they are not slow to encourage, 
 in fact, court, the establishment of well-directed industry in their 
 midst. The Press is emphatically a People's Press, and but few cities 
 can claim bolder or more earnest advocates of development, in all its 
 phases; and, were every mind disabused of the villainous reports of 
 insecurity that have gone forth but to retard our progress ; if the walls 
 could be torn down, which now hide us from view, then would such a 
 spirit of activity pervade all classes, that our beautiful city would take 
 a new lease of Prosperity, and perpetuate the glory, as well as the 
 memory, of its Founders. 
 
 This, then, is the moral status of Nashville; and these circum- 
 stances. Political Economists say, are essential to manufacturing op- 
 erations. Passing over its commercial facilities for another article, 
 we proceed immediately to consider those that are properly denom- 
 inated physical. 
 
 In considering Nashville as a Manufacturing Center, it must be 
 obvious from previous remarks, and still more obvious from minute 
 obervation respecting the topographical and geological features of Ten- 
 nessee — published at various times by various authors — and the inti- 
 macy of connection between the metropolis and the principal mineral 
 sections of the State, that Nashville and its vicinity command the most 
 important raw materials used in Ifanufactures. But the celebrity of 
 Tennessee for its vast deposits of Iron and Coal — those primary 
 sources of England's manufacturing greatness — is so widely extended, 
 that to dilate upon their abundance would hardly convey additional 
 information to any person of ordinary intelligence. Various reports 
 from eminent geologists and others, have shown that her Iron com- 
 pares most favorably with any produced in the United States, while 
 her mines of " black diamonds," it is a proverb, are only surpassed in 
 national importance by the gold mines of California ; and we do not 
 believe ourself exaggerating, if we claim that we are situated in that 
 district entitled to be called the center of the Iron and Coal production 
 of tlie South. 
 
 Since the above was written, we have received a communication re- 
 garding the Iron interests of our State, from Colonel L. S. Goodrich, 
 
PROXIMITY OF IRON AND COAL. 165 
 
 of Hurricane Mills, Tennessee, a gentleman who has been endorsed 
 by Iron Manufacturers themselves, as one of the most practical men 
 in the State of Tennessee, and as the opinion of an intelligent and 
 successful Manufacturer, we give it entire. 
 
 Hurricane Mills, Tenn., February, 1870. 
 
 Chas. E. Robert, Esq., Nashville: — Dear Sir : Yours under date 
 of the 18th inst., requesting inf irmati'>n regarding the successful 
 Manufiicture of Iron in Tennessee, its accessibilitj', etc., until n w, 
 has remained unanswered, and, in attempting this reply, I must 
 ackn 'wledge that I greatly feel my inc mpetency to answer intelli- 
 gently and justly, questions that involve such immense C'lnsiderati-n 
 to Tennessee, her pe pie. and particularly y ur Capital Cit3^ 
 
 Situated, as Nashville is, in the great Blue Limestone Basin fd 
 Tennessee, embracing ab ut 5.450 square miles, and including all, or 
 in part, the C 'Unties 'f Davids n. Wils 'U, Smith, Jacks n, DeKalb. 
 Putnam. C' ffee, Bedf'rd, Line )ln, Giles, Maury, Mai'shall, Willimn- 
 8on, Cheatham and Sumner, an area equal in extent t'» one eighth <jf 
 the entire State, and occupying its xevy center; possessing natural 
 elements of prosperity, and agricultural wealth equal, if not surpass- 
 ing any other section of the habitable earth; surrounded, as this 
 Basin is, by the great Natural Divisions of the State, the highland 
 rim, the table lands and mountain ranges, and occupying an eleva- 
 tion of some 900 or 1,000 feet above the level of the sea, it does seem 
 to me that nature, as if studying our very interets, countless ages 
 gone by, has carefully stored hereabouts mineral wealth, to an ex- 
 tent little appreciated by the present generation, and who, I fear, 
 will never form a just conception of its inagnitude and wealth, or 
 appreciate the goodness and wisdom of Him "from whom all bless- 
 ings flow " 
 
 We find, on examining the Highlands of Middle Tennessee, that 
 they occupy an area approximating 3,900 square miles, and encirc- 
 ling, almost undisturbed, the great Basin just spoken of, there being 
 no wide or important valleys to break it, except those in the regions 
 adjacent to the Cumberland, Duck and Elk Rivers, which make their 
 escape through the southern and western sides, but do so through 
 narroAV valle3^s, bounded on both sides by high hills Here it is that 
 we may well begin to study the trestle board of nature, and read in- 
 telligibly a language that God has indellibly written in the rock 
 formation. But it is not necessary for the student of nature to 
 tarry long in your beautiful Basin, to determine, and that intelli- 
 gently, too, the beneficence there displayed. Your peculiar soil, the 
 timber and grass, the returns given your husbandmen, and your 
 rocks, from the highest hills to the lowest valleys, speak, in language 
 mute but eloquent, that Heaven designed that those who inhabited 
 this beautiful Basin should be prosperous and happy by following 
 agricultural pursuits. But. as if striving to achieve grander results, 
 has Omnipotent wisdom and goodness deposited in these highlands 
 and mountain ranges, a supply of Iron and Coal of such vast extent, 
 that it would be hard to conceive them exhaustible, and of a quality 
 inferior to none. And here it is, that the trees, soil and I'ocks bo- 
 gin to speak a new language, from which we may gather that it icas 
 
166 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 never intended that man inlxahiting this section shotdd live by agriculturaJ 
 pursuits alone. Here it is, that we see nature making bare or thrust- 
 ing up from the bosom of these hills and mountains many useful ores 
 and minerals, which are but the finger boards directing us to the 
 true source of u-ealth for this section. Here it is, that wc see the agri- 
 culturist toiling among the rocks, working contrary to the designs 
 of nature herself, and receiving but scanty returns. How often is 
 it, that a farmer from these highlands approaches your Limestone 
 Basin and Alluvial Yalley and looks out upon the richly laden crops 
 and reasons within himself, that if he had but such lands as these, 
 he could soon get rich. "This man" he says, '• works no harder than 
 I do, yet see the difference, he obtains from 100 to 150 bushels of corn 
 and from 20 to 30 bushels of wheat to the acre, while I, get only 
 from 40 to GO bushels of corn and from 7 to 10 bushels of wheat." 
 Reversing this, supjjose the thrifty and well-to-do farmer from the 
 basin or valley visits the highlands, he wonders that people could 
 live and toil contented in so barren a country, and that were it not 
 for the good water, purit}' of air, and abundance of game there found, 
 these "hills would be the most God forsaken of all earthly places." 
 This is a true picture, and one, too, in which, I fear, too many of our 
 commercial men and capitalists take the views of the valley farmer. 
 The secret of the whole is a misunderstanding of the situation, on the 
 part of the latter, and a total misapplication of industry on the part 
 of he who inhabits these highlands. But, how long will it be before 
 these things are properl}^ understood b}' these same farmers, com- 
 mercial men and capitalists? How long before they will learn to pro- 
 perly appreciate and interpret the millions of unsunned wealth, 
 locked ujD in the bosoms of these hills? Will it be when you shall 
 have collected the items that form the debit side of our account, and ex- 
 hibited to them the immensity of the annual drain that is made on our 
 great commonwealth for foreign manufactured goods, whose very 
 original constituents are perhaps more abundant here than any- 
 where else on earth. Plows, Chains, Bar-Iron, Horseshoes and 
 ]Srails, Eailroad Supplies, Hollow-ware, Stoves, Edgetools, Cutlery, 
 Agricultural Implements, Wagons and Carriages, and in fact Iron 
 Groods in all their shapes, and Avood fashioned into every form; and 
 when all these shall have been demonstrated to them, may we not 
 h«.'pe that the truth of our real situation will flash upon them, and 
 that the dawn of a more brilliant era will be not far distant. Then, 
 with proper encouragement to manufacturers, and the building of a 
 few short lines of railroad, wholl}' with the view of bringing forth 
 ' these latent treasures, it will no longer be necessary for us to go to 
 Louisville for Plows, Cincinnati for Axe, Plow and Hoe Handles, St. 
 Louis for Broomsticks, Wheeling for N^ails, Pittsburg for Iron, and 
 ^ew England for Cotton and Woolen Fabrics. 
 
 Let us now examine and see if what we have been writing are 
 mere idle words and flights of fanc}^. Situated, then, as Nashville 
 is, in this beautiful Basin — surrounded as she is, by these immense 
 treasures — her prospects are indeed flattering. Professor Jas. M. 
 Safford, than whom I regard none abler, in his extensive and credit- 
 able Report on the resources of <ur State, says, after having care- 
 fully examined the Coal Fields embraced in our table lands, that in 
 the aggregate they contain Coal equal to a solid stratum eight feet 
 thick and co-extensive with the table lands — an area of 5,100 square 
 
RESOURCES OF IRON AND COAL. 167 
 
 miles — underlying more than one-eighth of the entire surface of the 
 State, and are equal in volume to to a block of Coal eight feet high, 
 fifty-one miles ivide and one hundred miles long; or, if we reduce it still 
 lower would make exactly twenty-three trillions, three hundred 
 
 AND NINETY-THREE BILLIONS, THREE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-THREE 
 
 MILLIONS AND EIGHT THOUSAND BUSHELS OP CoAL, which, averaged at 
 ten cents per bushel at Nashville, would amount to more than two 
 THOUSAND BILLIONS OP DOLLARS, (§2,000,000,000.000), aggregating 
 financial value whose magnitude passes far beyond human ken. 
 Now, suppose we estimate the value of Iron Ores at the same, and 
 the value of uncut Timber at one-half tliat of Coal, and I fully 
 believe that both will reach the estimates made, then we have a 
 grand total of six thousand billions op undeveloped wealth 
 IN THE State of Tennessee ! 
 
 Professor Safford, in speaking of the locality and out-crops of Iron 
 Ore in the State, including all its varieties, whether in local deposits 
 or regular veins, arranges and classifies them in three grand belts 
 which are quite distinct, and dift'er more or less in geological and 
 mineral character. These three Belts or Iron-producing regions are : 
 The Eastern, the Dyestone and the Western. The first includes the 
 counties of Johnson, Carter, Sullivan, Washington, Greene, Cocke, 
 Sevier, Blount, Monroe, Polk and the eastern part of McMinn, in 
 which many of the valleys are from ten to twelve miles long and 
 from one to five miles wide, and are remarkable for the first-class 
 banks and deposits there discovered. This region furnishes three 
 varieties of Ore — the Laminate, Hematite and Magnetic — and when 
 pure, yields from 59 to 72 per cent. Iron. 
 
 The second Iron-producing region is the Dyestone Belt, including 
 in its area all or part of the following counties: Hancock, Claiborne, 
 Grainger, Campbell, Anderson, Eoane, lihea, Meigs, Marion, Se- 
 quatchie and Bledsoe. The great Ore of this section is the Stratified 
 Eed Iron, (at many points called Dyestone), of the Stematic variety, 
 and yields, when pure, 70 per cent, of Iron. This immense deposit 
 extends from Virginia to Georgia, a distance of nearly 100 miles, 
 and, he says, may be regarded as a continuous band of Ore 180 miles 
 long and in thickness vaiying from a few inches to seven and eight 
 feet. The entire average must be at least twenty inches, perhaps 
 more. 
 
 The third and last great Iron-producing region is the great West- 
 ern Belt which occupies a strip about 50 miles wide and running di- 
 rectly through the State, embracing all or in part the counties of Law- 
 rence, Wayne, Hardin, Lewis, Perry, Decatur, Hickman, Humphries, 
 Benton, Dickson, Montgomery and Stewart, and extends north into 
 Kentucky and south into Alabama. The Ore of this immense field 
 makes an excellent Iron, and yields, by Dr. Troost's analysis, from 
 76 to 83 per cent, pure oxide of Iron. This is the field that has won 
 such great celebrity for Tennessee Iron, and from which was fed in 
 185-A thirty-seven blast furnaces, produc ng 37,283 tons of Pig Metal,, 
 and which to-day only feeds nine, and why? And is this all that 
 these hills and mountains contain, that have been set at naught by 
 our great Farming, Commercial and Financial men, and which God 
 has decreed shall become the head of the Corner? 
 
 Let us hear further from Dr. Safford. He says they also contain 
 Gold, Copper, Lead, Zinc, Lignite and Petroleum and their allied 
 
168 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 substances; Salt, Nitre, Alum, Epsomite, Gypsum, Barite, Copperas, 
 Calcanthite, Pyrite and Block Manganese; Eed Variegated, White 
 Variegated, Magnesian, Black, Dark Blue, Breccia, and Conglome- 
 rate Marble, being five distinct varieties; Hoofing Slate, Mill Stone, 
 Flag Stone, Building Stone, Hydraulic Limestone, Clay, Green Marl, 
 and Mineral Waters; that they are clothed with forests of timber 
 unsurpassed and that will meet our wants, and that these same hills 
 abound in beautiful and limpid streams, cascades and water-falls, 
 yielding water-power sufficient to drive immense quantities of 
 machinery. 
 
 Is it not, then, a burning shame that we should longer pay tribute 
 to the hills of Pennsylvania, the forests of Ohio, or the factories of 
 New England? Let our people, then, learn to appreciate the bless- 
 ings that surround them, and with united resolutions turn these im- 
 mense streams of wealth into our own hills and hollows, that will 
 cause them to bloom like the rose, and send forth the clicking cho- 
 ruses of machinery in songs of deliverance for a happy and prosper- 
 ous people. 
 
 Situated, then, as Nashville is, in the midst of all these blessings, 
 can she so control them as to build up a great manufacturing inter- 
 est that will increase her population and bring credit to herself as 
 the Capital City of so noble a State? I think it very possible. Con- 
 nected as she is by her Eailroads, already or soon to be completed, 
 with three of the greatest Coal Fields of this continent — Kentucky, 
 Tennessee and Alabama — to the first by the Edgefield & Kentucky 
 and Louisville & Nashville Railroads and the Cumberland River ; to 
 the second by the Cumberland River, the Tennessee & Pacific and 
 the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroads and its branches ; and to the 
 third by the Nashville, Decatur & Montgomery Railroad — will at 
 once settle the question that her position will at no very distant day 
 give Nashville cheap Coal of excellent quality for manufacturing 
 purposes. The next question is : Can she command cheap Metal, 
 Ore and Timber? We find the Cumberland River capable of fur- 
 nishing immense quantities of each, and that, with the Tennessee & 
 Pacific Road, which will, when completed, furnish large quantities 
 and of excellent quality. Next, we find the Nashville & Chatta- 
 nooga Road crossing into the Dyestone Belt at about 123 miles from 
 Nashville, just beyond Bridgeport, and passing up Running Water 
 and into Wills' Valley, and which would afford any quantity of that 
 excellent Ore. This area might be greatly augmented for Coal as 
 well as Ore and Metal, by extending the Jasper Branch Road up the 
 Sequatchie, opening up as it would, some of our best deposits of Coal 
 and Iron. Next, the Nashville, Decatur & Montgomery Road can 
 furnish large quantities, but the distance and expense of transporta- 
 tion and the competition offered by Alabama would not justify us to 
 look to this line for cheap crude supplies. 
 
 Then it is that the great Western Iron Field that lies at the very 
 threshold of Nashville, but so long neglected, must and will furnish 
 you with Ore of a quality I might say unequalled and at prices that 
 will defy competition. But this can only be made available by build- 
 ing a Road say starting out from section 48 or 49 on the Nashville & 
 Northwestern Railroad and running through the counties of Dixon, 
 Hickman, Lewis, Wayne, and on to Florence, Alabama, and thence 
 to Tuscaloosa, which, in addition too, would give the shortest and 
 
COST OF MANUFACTURING IRON. 169 
 
 most direct line to Mobile. This Eoad finished, and I feel warranted 
 in saying that Ore could be delivered in Nashville at 33.00 per ton. 
 This brings me to consider Major Geo. T. Lewis' letter, addressed 
 recently to Col. S. D. Morgan of your city, to which you have been 
 pleased to refer rae, and which has been used by the anti-Tariff men 
 to secure a reduction of taxes and by the extensively prated Tariff 
 party on the other hand, who wrongfully charge Major Lewis with 
 a misstatement of facts. The purpose of Major Lewis, as I under- 
 stand it, was to show that if the people of Tennessee, North Geor- 
 gia and Alabama are but true to themselves and have energy and 
 skill to make use of the great natural advantages that the God of 
 nature has conferred upon them, that the day is not far distant when 
 they can compete successfully for the Ohio Eiver Trade, and in time 
 render Tennessee the Wales of America. How does he attempt to 
 prove this? He commences by showing the cost of producing one 
 ton of hot-blast Stone Coal Iron from the native Ores of Ohio to be 
 $29.00. Next, he gives the cost of producing one ton of hot-blast 
 Stone Coal Iron from Lake Superior Ore at Steubenville, Ohio, to be 
 $29,00, the Ore yielding 66 per cent. Iron and requiring $16.50 worth 
 of Ore to make one ton of Iron. Next, the co-t of producing one 
 ton of hot-blast Stone Coal Iron from Missouri Mountain, Pilot Knob 
 and Lake Superior Ores at Brazil, North Indiana, to be $28.45. Next, 
 the cost of one ton of hot-blast Stone Coal Iron at Pittsburg — the 
 Birmingham of the United States — from the Ores of Lakes Cham- 
 plain and Superior regions to be $29.50. What say you, gentlemen, 
 will any of you claim to do it for less? I think not, and feel assured 
 that it will cost you every cent herein enumerated, or more. How, 
 then, is it that Major Lewis makes it plausible that one ton of hot- 
 blast Stone Coal Iron can be made at Nashville, all things in manip- 
 ulation, for ticenty-two dollars and sixty cents, ($22.60.) Having thus 
 drawn his comparisons. Major Lewis starts out with the assertion 
 that $100,000 will construct a Blast Furnace with all necessary ap- 
 purtenances, that will produce 6000 tons of Pig Metal per annum, 
 which would, allowing fifteen days during the year for repairing, re- 
 quire a daily average for 350 days of 17 1-7 tons per day. By some 
 it is doubted that this average can be made from our Ores, but will 
 the energetic Iron Masters, with all the late improvements, be satis- 
 fied with this? I think not. 
 
 Next we come to consider the items that make up the cost in Ma- 
 jor Lewis' calculation. The first is that of Mining and Transporta- 
 tion to Nashville, which for two tons of Ore yielding one ton of Pig 
 Metal, would amount to $6.00, and in this one item is found a differ- 
 ence in the cost of one ton of Pig Metal at Pittsburg and at Nash- 
 ville to be not less than four dollars and ninety cents in favor of Nash- 
 ville. Following out his supposition that Bars and all Merchant Iron 
 can be as cheaply manufactured at Nashville as at Pittsburg, we have, 
 by placing to the credit side of Nashville the freight from Pittsburg 
 to Nashville, an average say of 30 cents per hundred pounds, which 
 would bring up Nashville's advantages to ten dollars and ninety cents 
 per ton in manufacturing. But to the question : Can two tons of Ore 
 be delivered at Nashville at a net cost of $6.00? By reference to the 
 Coal and Coke Tariff of the Nashville & Chattanooga Eailroad we 
 find that this Company will ship over their road, parties furnishing 
 their own cars, eight tons one hundred and fifty miles for fourteen 
 
170 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 dollars. Estimating that the Ore can be mined and placed on the 
 care for $1.25 per ton, we then have $10.00 for mining and Sl-l.OO for 
 transportation, making $24.00 for eight tons — $3.00 per ton, or two 
 tons of Ore mined and brought 150 miles to Nashville for $6.00, and 
 as before shown, this road strikes the Dyestone Belt only 123 miles 
 from Nashville, and the Ore could be brought for less. Having de- 
 monstrated that : 
 
 Two tons of Ore can be delivered in Nashville for....$ G 00 
 
 Next 80 bushels Coal at 12c 9 60 
 
 Limestone necessary to flux two tons Ore 1 00 
 
 Superintendence, labor, etc., per ton 4 00 
 
 Interest on investment per ton 1 00 
 
 Wear and tear per ton 50 
 
 Incidental exj)enses per ton 50 
 
 Total cost to make 1 ton Stone Coal Pig at Nashville, $22 60 
 
 But why bring the Ore away from the Coal 150 miles, when, by 
 building this road South from section 48 or 49 to Florence, you can 
 command one of the finest Iron Fields on this continent, and which 
 is almost at your very door? 
 
 The Furnaces previously referred to that feed from this Field, are 
 Charcoal, six producing hot-blast and three cold-blast Pig, and have 
 a capacity of about 22,000 tons per annum. Cold-blast Pig is not 
 made by these Furnaces, in my judgment, for less than $33.00 to 
 $45.00 per ton, and hot-blast Charcoal Pig from $30.00 to $32.00 per 
 ton. 
 
 Having thus written in extenso, I fear you will weary with the 
 perusal of my hastily-formed letter. But trusting that you may in 
 your efforts present such an array of facts as will move our peojjle 
 to ajipreciate their hills and mountains more highly — their Heaven- 
 favored land with all its blessings, develop and bring to light its in- 
 exhaustible resources, 
 
 I remain, very truly yours, etc., 
 
 L. S. Goodrich. 
 
 Thus, it will be seen, that in the calm and deliberate opinions of 
 practical men, Nashville possesses nearly, if not, quite all the causes 
 of eminence in Manufacturing industry, as regards Coal, Iron, Miner- 
 als and Timber. What these immense depositories, and fields of 
 precious elements will do for us, will depend altogether upon the 
 enterprise and effort put forth by our citizens to control their pro- 
 ducts. Our Tennessee Coal fields are inexhaustible. Many of them 
 have now been thoroughly opened, and the quality of the coal tested 
 for all purposes, so that the quantity and quality are no longer mat- 
 ters of doubt or speculation, being well adapted to all the uses to 
 which Coal has been or can be applied by the mechanical ingenuity 
 of man. The development of the immense fields in which it lies im- 
 bedded, will add to the wealth of our State more than any other 
 
SUPPLIES OF OTHER EAW MATERIAL. 171 
 
 source. In truth, nature has been most prodigal in her supply of the 
 raw material. With energy, experience, capital and cheap transpor- 
 tation, we ourselves must do the rest. 
 
 To these we might add the supplies of Cotton, Wool and Flax ; as 
 regards the first, we might say that the supply is, or could be, made 
 almost infinite, and that the demand for manufactured Gotten Fab- 
 rics — in this temperate zone — is in the same ratio, while the raw ma- 
 terial, grown within sight, as it were, of the factory walls, would cost 
 the Manufacturer here by far less than it does his Eastern rival, even 
 at its minimum value, at the mills of the latter. The Wool of Ten- 
 nessee is unsurpassed, and at the World's Exhibition, at London, car- 
 ried off the premium over all other competitors. Flax and Hemp 
 and Tobacco yield the best of crops. Nearly all of the Cereals of the 
 United States grow in abundance. Almost all the valuable vari- 
 eties of forest-trees abound in close proximity and are of easy access, 
 either by river or rail. The Pine, Oak, Walnut, Hickory, Ash, Elm, 
 Maple, Cedar, Gum, Cottonwood, Chestnut, Beach, and many varie- 
 ties equally as useful in their applications to various kinds of Manu- 
 factures, are found in different portions of the State convenient to 
 Nashville. Take from the regions of the Upper Cumberland and 
 sweep west to the Tennessee River, or from the Kentucky line on the 
 north to that of Alabama on the south, a country tributary to Nash- 
 ville by reason, mutual interest, and by the glorious necessity of phy- 
 sical geography, and we have a land filled with Fuel, and Timber amply 
 sufficent to meet the wants of a population of 10,000,000. In fact, the 
 view is pi'opritious for the Manufacturer and for the establishment of 
 Manufactures from every stand-point. The State, though rent and 
 scarred by convulsions, is restored to sanity and health. It is now 
 ready to commence an unobstructed career of development. The 
 motives of freedom, fertility of soil, salubrity of climate, wealth of 
 minerals, facilities for Commerce and Manufactures, and ease of rail- 
 road and river transportation, are the material advantages which in- 
 vite the capitalist, the tradesman, and the Manufacturers of every 
 clime and nationality, to a home in our midst, to co-operate in the 
 development of its measureless resources, and to an enriching partici- 
 pation in its prosperity. 
 
 This much we have been induced to say, relative to our advan- 
 tages as a Manufacturing Center. We might advance many other 
 points in support thereof. We might however pass them by, for 
 they may all be included in one point, viz : Nashville is already a 
 great Manufacturiny City, and we hold it eminently safe to infer that 
 
172 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 a locality in which Manufacturing industry has already taken a deep, 
 permanent growth possesses a soil adapted therefor, whether by analy- 
 sis, we can perceive the ingredients or not. It is evident, too, that 
 our people are waking up to the importance of this subject, for as an 
 evidence, since this publication has been in press, several Manufactor- 
 ies have either gone into operation, or effected preliminaries indicative 
 of success. Nashville, we are of the opinion, too, is now the greatest 
 Manufacturing City of the South ; i. e. our Manufactures are more 
 varied, while many of our establishments are the most extensive. 
 The Memphis Appeal, in commenting on a running sketch of the 
 Manufactories of Nashville, which appeared in the Repuhlican 
 Banner, of April 4th, 1869, makes the following sensible admission: 
 
 "The 1^2ish.\i\\Q Republican Banner oi Sunday comes to us with 
 the most gratifying evidence that the people of the State Capital are 
 making rapid strides in the direction of Manufactures. We count, 
 in ten closely printed columns, which it devotes to them, a statement 
 of the number and character of the industries at present sustained in 
 Nashville. *H<*>ic**;!:** 
 
 " Some of us have taunted our neighbors of the Capital with the 
 prevalence of Rip Van Winkleism, and that they were wanting in 
 many of the characteristics that make up an active population. We 
 think the above will dispel that idea and give us occasion to fear the 
 rivalry of a population that can make so fair an exhibit of industry. 
 Were we to add the innumerable wholesale houses, representing every 
 branch of trade, which gives Nashville pre-eminence now with 
 people once tributary to Memphis, we should present a picture per- 
 haps reflecting too severely upon our Avant of enterprise, our slow- 
 coach, jog-trot style in Commercial as well as Manufacturing enter- 
 prise. Some three months ago we were tempted to make up such an 
 article as that from which we compile the above facts and figures, but 
 the exhibit was so far short of what we thought would be creditable 
 to the city, that we gave it up, trusting that in the meantime our 
 energetic capitalists would realize, from the articles that have ap- 
 peared in the Appeal from time to time, the necessity for a prompt 
 encouragement of every enterprise of a character at all likely to in- 
 ure to the benefit of the city." 
 
 We shall now introduce, in alphabetical order, the Manufactories 
 at present in opemtion in Nashville. It is not our design to give 
 strictly technical descriptions of the machinery, or the constituents 
 used in the various branches, but simply to present an account, plain 
 and readable to the initiated and uninitiated alike. 
 
AGRICULTURAL IMPLEMENT MANUFACTORIES. 173 
 
 Agricultural Implement Manufactories. 
 
 The manufacture of Agricultural Implements to any great extent, 
 we are somewhat astonished to learn, is comparatively a new branch 
 of industry in Nashville. It seems almost incredible that her citi- 
 zens, ever foremost, as we have shown them to have been, in enter- 
 prises designed to promote Agricultural Improvements, were, until 
 within a few years, content that the farmers of Tennessee and States 
 adjoining should be dependent upon more Northerly sections for the 
 improved Implements with which to till the soil. But, energetic 
 Manufacturers having recently established themselves in our midst, 
 at this time Nashville, once dependent upon other cities for Tillage 
 Implements, is now not only independent, but capable of ministering 
 to the wants of all who may ask for such articles. 
 
 Foremost in this branch of business is the house of T. H. Jones & 
 Co., corner College and Church streets. This firm established itself 
 in our city only about two years since, but have displayed enterprise, 
 energy and industry, that has completely amazed "old fogies," built 
 up for themselves an immense trade, and, in truth, infused new life 
 into a business that never before had assumed more extensive pre- 
 tenses than mere blacksmith shops. With the space afforded us, it 
 would be impossible to give in detail the Manufactures of this estab- 
 lishment entire; therefore, we shall mention only the more prominent 
 ones. Messrs. Jones & Co., at present, employ, at Nashville, from 
 twenty to thirty hands in their shops, beside having control of a large 
 Manufactory at St. Paul, Minnesota. They Manufacture a highly 
 improved machine, combining the qualities of a Wheat Fan, Seed 
 Cleaner and Smut Machine, all in one. This Machine took six dif- 
 ferent premiums at the Tennessee State Fair of 1869, one of which 
 was a Premium for $100, for the ''most important invention patented in 
 the last three years." This Wheat Fan also took the First Premium, 
 at the Georgia State Fair of 1869, over eleven of the leading Wheat 
 Fans manufactured at various points in the North and West; also, 
 First Premium at the Mississippi State Fair, 1869 — not to say any- 
 thing of Premiums at the numerous County Fairs, held throughout 
 this and adjoining States. They began the season of 1869, so we 
 have been informed, with one thousand Fans ahead, and not only sold 
 out entirely, but fell behind some two hundred, from wholesale orders 
 alone. This firm also manufactures an article known as the Walking 
 Cultivator Plow, which is highly recommended, on account of the 
 economy in labor, expense and time that its manipulation necessitates. 
 
174 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 They also turn out an improved Double-Shovel Plow ; also, a new 
 and popular improvement in Harrows, in the way of a rotary or re- 
 volving concern, beside Getty's Folding or Hinge Harrows, common 
 Drag Harrows, etc. Messrs. Jones & Co. are entitled to much praise 
 for their exemplary go-aheadativeness, and deserve unbounded patron- 
 age, which, no doubt, they will recieve. Indeed, so propitious are 
 the prospects in this trade, that during the coming season, the Messrs. 
 T. H. Jones & Co. will erect, on a most extensive scale, a Manufac- 
 tory for all kinds of Implements and Machinery that finds sale in 
 this market. Already has a suitable site, at the corner of Wharf 
 Avenue and the Murfreesboro Pike, and midway between the Cum- 
 berland River and the Nashville and Decatur Railroad Depot, been 
 settled upon, and the work is to go forward as early as practicable. 
 The building will be capable of employing two hundred hands, and, 
 when completed, will undoubtedly be one of the grandest individual 
 enterprises in the Southwest. The firm, at present, is negotiating for 
 the purchase of several thousand acres of timbered land, in the Up- 
 Cumberland region, and, when secured, will cut and season their own 
 wood. Then, with a superabundance of coal and iron in every direc- 
 tion, and its accessibility, they will start under the most favorable 
 auspices. 
 
 The next house in this line is that of J. H. Rumsey, who occupies 
 a portion of the Gun Factory Building, South Cherry street. Mr. 
 Rumsey suffered considerable loss by fire during the past year, but did 
 not cease his operations for any great length of time. There are em- 
 ployed in the Factory, in season, from fifteen to twenty men, seven of 
 whom are wood workmen, four blacksmiths, and ten helpers and la- 
 borers. This establishment turned out, during last year, about 1,200 
 Plows of various kinds, including Turning, Bull-Tongue and Double- 
 Shovel Plows; also, a large number of Cotton Scrapers, Harrows, 
 Corn and Cotton Cultivators, beside a large number of smaller Farm 
 and Garden Implements, such as Spades, Rakes, Hoes, etc. Mr. 
 Rumsey has made a specialty of the celebrated " Horney's Indiana 
 Plow," and turns out six different sizes, varying from light one-horse 
 to heavy two-horse. This Factory also turns out a large number of 
 Wagons, but which we will leave for another article. 
 
 In this connection, too, we deem it in place to mention the fact that 
 an extensive organization has recently been effected in our city, and 
 chartered by the Legislature, known as the " Trimble Manufacturing 
 Company," who propose erecting, on the most stupendous scale, an 
 Agricultural Implement Manufactory, complete in all its arrange- 
 
ARM AND LEG MANUFACTORY — BARRELS. 175 
 
 ments. The capital stock of the "Trimble Company" is placed at 
 ^200,000, and it claims as its backers some of the most substantial 
 and responsible of our citizens. A site is soon to be selected for their 
 building; and before the close of the year 1870, we doubt not they 
 shall have proceeded far with their enterprise. 
 
 Artificial Arm and Leg Manufactory. 
 
 This novel, and, we might say important branch of industry for 
 Nashville, is represented by James W. Morton, City Hall. Mr. 
 Morton is now making complete the celebrated " Bly's Anatomical 
 Limbs/' which, he claims, embodies in his artificial production the 
 principles of the natural members. These Legs are made of willow 
 wood, and enameled on the outer surface with a flesh-colored prepara- 
 tion. They have India-rubber springs, which supply the place of 
 ligament muscles and tendons, and the ankle joint is formed by a ball 
 of polished glass, which plays in a socket of vulcanized India-rubber. 
 The knee joint is formed by an axial bolt, plying in two segments of 
 a circle, one of which is adjustable, to prevent looseness and noise. 
 Mr. Morton has the sole right for manufacturing in this city, the 
 "Anatomical Leg," and the "United States Army and Navy Leg." 
 That he has been successful in his calling, many grateful, limbless 
 veterans of the " blue" or the "gray" will testify. He has, since his 
 establishment here, turned out something over two hundred Limbs, 
 nearly half of which were paid for through the " Ladies' Tennessee 
 Benevolent Association." The time allowed in filling an order varies 
 from eight to thirteen days. 
 
 Barrel Manufactories. 
 
 Although we do not propose to enumerate the various small Coop- 
 erage establishments in the city, yet there are at least two establish- 
 ments suflBciently large to merit some attention. These are : the house 
 of L. Moker, corner of Front aud Madison streets, and that of H. 
 Brackmann, College street, north of Madison. The shops of the 
 first-named give employment to some fifteen or twenty persons, and 
 are capable, all hands at work, to turn out more than 30,000 Barrels 
 •per annum. That of the latter is not near so extensive, but can, in 
 all likelihood, manufacture at least 7,000 or 8,000 Barrels or Casks 
 per annum. They employ no machinery, but do the best hand-work 
 
176 NASHVILLE AND HEB TRADE. 
 
 that can be m«t with anywhere. Their Manufactures consist chiefly 
 of Flour Barrels, Bacon Casks, Beer Kegs, Water Tanks, etc. 
 
 Bell and Brass Foundries. 
 
 The uses and applications of Brass are so numerous that, while its 
 manufactures are extremely important, it is very difficult to trace 
 them in their details as they are found among us. In the production 
 of Ornamental Brass Work, and especially in that Department known 
 as Gas Fixtures, the Nashville Manufacturers are declared by the 
 best judges to have no superiors anywhere. There are also several 
 Shops here chiefly devoted to finishing Castings in Brass of every 
 kind of article that may be ordered, from the largest to the smallest 
 Foundry products, for use in connection with other manufactures. 
 These articles include Steam, Water, Liquor and Gas Cocks, and 
 Gauges of all kinds; Whistles, Check and Safety Valves, Brass 
 Tubing, Eyes, Sockets and Plumbers', Coppersmith's and Steam En- 
 gine Builders' Materials of great variety of styles and finish. The 
 most complete house of this kind is the Bell and Brass Foundry of 
 Messrs. Perry & Dumont, No. 15 Broad street. In truth, it is the 
 only complete one in the city. They employ an engine of twenty- 
 horse power with eight-inch cylinder and fourteen-inch stroke. They 
 manufacture entire, or repair on order, all kinds of Steam Machinery 
 and Steam-Fitting Apparatuses, and will execute jobs on Railroad 
 Locomotives and Steam Engines, never having to pass from under 
 their own roof to execute any portion of the job. This firm is ex- 
 tensively engaged in making all kinds of Castings embraced in the 
 enumeration above, and applicable to Steamboat, Railroad and Sta- 
 tionary Engines. 
 
 In the Bell Foundry they run four Air-Fumaces. These furnaces 
 are constructed in ground-pits with hollow-raised tops, and are sup- 
 plied with air by means of subterranean blast-pits. They are prepared 
 to mould and finish all styles of Church, Steamboat, Factory and Plan- 
 tation Bells from 1,000 pounds' weight down. The splendid Bell 
 hung in the Presbyterian Church at Columbia, Tennessee, 1,000 
 pounds' weight, is a specimen of their work, not to speak of various 
 others in different sections of the South. The members of this firm 
 are practical and skillful workmen, and take pride in producing good 
 work, which is well known in Nashville, where they are best known 
 and highly respected. 
 
FERRY & OUHOir 
 
 Xo. 15 BROAD STREET, 
 
 ItT^SHI-V^ILLE, ----- TElSrisr. 
 
 MnnnfHctnrcrs of ©very variety of 
 
 BRASS & BELL WORK, 
 
 HAOHIHERY OF ALL ICII\1DS, 
 
 AND 
 
 DISTILLERY FIXTURES, HEATIHO, GAS & WATER APPARATUS, FITTED; 
 
 ALSO DEALERS IN 
 
 PUMPS, PLUMBERS' SUPPLIES, Etc. 
 
 BROOM FACTORY, 
 
 No. 8^1 BROAD STREET, IVext to Broadway House, 
 
 NASHVILLE, - - • TENNESSEE. 
 
 Are prepared to execute all Orders for Brooms and Brushes, on the shortest notice, and 
 
 most reasonable terms. Will purchase all good Broom Corn offered. 
 
 All kinds of Broom Material kept constantly on hand for sale. 
 
 R. A. TOOH dl: GO. 
 
 J. D. HUKST, 
 
 MAXUI ACTUREK OF 
 
 AND DEALER IN THE REST BRANDS OF 
 
 IlilPORTfD CIGARS, IGINIA TOBACCO & PIP[S, 
 
 No. 22 N. Cherry Street, next doorSNorth of the Maxwell House, 
 NA^smviTui.vz, 'rK?sr]srEssKH:. 
 
 12 17 
 
178 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Bitters. 
 
 The branch of business in our city coming under the above caption, 
 is one that has come into notice within the last fcAV years, and has 
 grown to sucli formidable proportions that we give it prominence in 
 a separate and special chapter. Our manufacturers and dealers in 
 this line have admirably succeeded in introducing their health-giving 
 preparations into all portions of the South ; and persons who formerly 
 purchased none but liquids, whose constituents, to say the least, w^ere 
 dubious, are using almost exclusively those manufactured in Nash- 
 ville. Numerous advertising devices have been resorted to by them 
 to bring their "Bitters" to the attention of the public, some of which 
 are so novel and attractive as to challenge notice, be the observer 
 never so dull and short-sighted. In truth, our "Bitter" men may be 
 called the " Helmbolds of Nashville." As we take it, this evidence 
 of enterprise in advertising is pretty good evidence of the same ad- 
 mirable characteristic in the mode of conducting their business, and 
 in this we fully believe Nashville Manufacturers are eclipsed by but 
 few if any. 
 
 Jenkins' Stomach Bittees. — Some two years ago Mr. R. P. 
 Jenkins, Wholesale Druggist, No. 39 North Market street, intro- 
 duced a preparation w-hich he styled "Jenkins' Stomach Bitters." 
 He claimed for them superior qualities as an antidote for all mias- 
 matical disorders, dyspepsia and diseases of the stomach. So soon as 
 they became fairly known in the country adjacent to Nashville, they 
 grew rapidly in favor, and indeed attained such celebrity that he was 
 induced to take out letters patent for their manufacture, and to-day 
 they are extensively used in the South and Southwest. The Labora- 
 tory for the manufacture of "Jenkins' Bitters" is established in con- 
 nection with Jenkins' "Wholesale Drug House, and in this depart- 
 ment alone employment is given to a number of hands who are en- 
 gaged in the various offices of decocting, bottleing, labeling and pack- 
 ing, so that at all times full supplies are ready for the market. Mr. 
 Jenkins also makes and sells other specialties known as "Jenkins' 
 Buchu," "Yandoin's Fever and Ague Cure," " Jenkins' Vegetable 
 Pills, etc., etc. 
 
 Berry & Demoville's Orange Stomach Bitters. — The 
 Wholesale Drug firm of Berry, Demoville & Co., Nos. 5 and 6 Pub- 
 lic Square, are also engaged in the manufacture of a line of specialties 
 that are rapidly coming into favor wherever they are known and 
 used. Their "Fine Aromatic Orange Stomach Bitters," although 
 
ESTABLISHED BY THE LATE TOM WELLS, -.N 1804, 
 
 1,39 Mil MartelStreel, opposite Union, 
 
 NASHVILLE, - TENNESSEE. 
 
 I J 
 
 Iiiiportor niul M holcsulc I»ealcr in 
 
 DRUGS, CHEMICALS, 
 
 DRUfiGISTS' SUNDRIES, FANCY GOODS, 
 
 PERFUWEeY, SOAPS ^ BRUSHES, 
 
 TOILET ARTICLES, STATIONERY, &c,, &c,, &c„ 
 Foreign and Native Wines, in wood and Bottle. 
 Brandies and Gins, " " " " 
 
 Jamaica Rum, Pure Whiskies, " " " 
 
 GREEN AND BLACK TEAS, SPICES, 
 
 TOBA.CC(3, CI&A.ES, 
 
 Oils, Paints, Window Glass, Glassware, 
 
 And an extensive variety of all articles usually kept in a Drug Store, 
 
 at prices as low as any respectable sized house 
 
 this side of New York. 
 
 .T E isr K 11^^ S' B XJ C H TJ, 
 
 JENKIN'S VEGETABLE PILLS, 
 
 VANDOIN'S FEVER AND AOUE CURE, 
 
 JENKINS' STOMACH BITTERS. 
 
 179 
 
COTTO 
 
 " SOUTHERN mR STOMACH BITT 
 
 THE BEST AND MOST REI.IABI.E MEDICIXAI. KI' 
 TERS EVER PRESENTED TO THE PEOPLE. 
 
 These Bitters are offered to the public, not as a beverage, ))nt as a first-clas« 
 medicine for the cure of 
 
 DYSPEPSIA, LIVER COMPLAINT, 
 
 INTERMITTENT FEVER, INDIGESTION, 
 
 COSTIVENESS, FEVER AND AGUE, 
 
 and all periodical Diseases ; an ACTIVE RECUPERANT, a good TOXIC, and a mild 
 PURGATIVE. They liave been tested for several years, and tlie following are a few 
 of tiiG many certificates of their virtue and eflicacy, coming from well-known citizens 
 in our midst. 
 
 READ THE TESTIMONY : 
 
 Nabhvili.e, Feb. 1, 1870. M. C.Cotton Sir : In ranulnp: as Engineer ou the Nashville 
 
 and Dccatar Road, and iu the South duriug the late war, I was much exposed to raiilariii, and my 
 health became very bad. About eighteen months ago I hai to stop work. I commenced takinc: 
 your "Southern Star St')mach Bitters," from which I found almost immediate relief. I resumed 
 work, continued to take your Bitters, and have been in perfect health for more tlian twelve montlis, 
 while many of the employees have lost time from having chills and fever. I recommend those 
 Bitters aa a preventative of fever and ague, and the best stomach preparation I have ever used. 
 
 S. J. BR.\CKKN, Engineer N. & D. K. H 
 
 Nashville, , Ian. 2.S, 1.S70. 1 hav<' used "("ot ton's Soutliern Star Stomach Itit- 
 
 terH," and liave no hesitancy in sayiun tliat it is tlie tn'st Tonic I ever used. My busimss 
 Is such that I am exposed a great <ieal,and have trietl various bitters, tonics, etc, but this 
 is the best appetizer and streugthcucr I have ever found ; and to my friends ainl puljllc 
 generally, I most cheerful Iv rccouimend the use of this preparation, lion est 1 v l)i'lieving 
 they will be greatly lieaetitted thereby. J. H. HA.MMKltLY. 
 
 Nashville, Feb, 2, 1870 1 certify tliat I have used various stomach and tonic 
 
 bitters, but none have given so sure and speedy relief as "Cotton's Soutliern Stomach 
 Bitters." As a tonic and gentle purgative nothing ever gave me so much relief in so 
 short a time. The bitters cured nre of a veiy violent cold in twenty-four hours. 
 
 W. E. MCALLISTER. 
 
 Nashville, Jan. 2.5,1870.-1 have used "Cotton's Southern Star Stomach Bit- 
 ters," and as a tonic and gentle purgative, I have never found anything better. 
 
 W. R. DALE, Capt. Fire Co. No. 3. 
 
 Nashviile, Feb. 7, 1870.— I had been sudering s(n-ercly for about a week, witli 
 painters' choIic,when I got al)ottle of "Cotton's Soutlu'rn Star Stomach Bitters," wliicli 
 entirely relieved me. I unhesitatingly pronounce tlie Bitters the best medicine for the 
 stomach and bowels that I have ever taken. 
 
 WM. T. AUTEN, Painter. 
 
 Nashville, Feb. 15, 1870.— We have used "Cotton's Soutliern Star Stomach Bit- 
 ters," and recommend them to all afflicted with dyspepsia, heartburn or indigestitni, 
 as a sure and speedy cure ; and as a gentle purgative nothing we have ever Used is 
 better. J. H. FEIK^CSON. 
 
 A. D. cri<:k;ht()N, 
 
 Proi^'s South Nashville I'laning JNlill. 
 
 For Sale by Oruggists generally. 
 
 Wholesale by KWIX, PENDLETON * CO.. a«i«l I.ITTEKER A CABI..EU. 
 Principal Depot nn<I >Innnfactory, 29a Sontli Cherry Street, Nitsh- 
 Ville, Venn. M. C. COTTON, 
 
 Sole ProprieJor. 
 
 180 
 
BITTERS. 181 
 
 but recently introduced, yet, by their deliglitful aroma and agreeable 
 flavor, arc destined to have a successful and popular run. During 
 18G9, as their books show, they sold upwards of 7,500 dozen of their 
 Bitters. In this connection, we would take occasion to remark that 
 this firm also manufactures quite a number of other Pharmaceutical 
 preparations, which are made under their own personal supervision, a 
 fact which stauips their reliability at once, and which, as they adver- 
 tise, are not "patent nostrums," but Avhosc component parts are 
 known to many leading physicians both in the city and country, most 
 of whom have evinced their appreciation of their merits by prescribing 
 them in their daily practice. The most prominent of these prepara- 
 tions are Dcmoville's anti-Chill and Fever Pills, Demoville's Com- 
 pound of I^'ickly Ash, Demoville's Jaundice and anti-Dyspeptic 
 Tonic, Demoville's Vegetable Cough Mixture, Demoville's Compound 
 Chloroform Liniment, Demoville's Compound Dysentery Cordial, 
 and Demoville's All Healing Ointment. 
 
 Cotton's Southekn Star Stomach Bitters. — There is still 
 another brand of " Bitters " manufactured in Nashville and but re- 
 cently offered to the public. We refer to the " Southern Star Stomach 
 Bitters" manufactured by :M. C. Cotton, 292 South Cherry street, a 
 Chemist of well-known ability. The manufacturer, in his explana- 
 tory circular, says that "these Bitters are purely medicinal and are 
 presented to tlie public as a remedy prepared especially for the mias- 
 matic diseases of the South," and that their reputation as a medicine 
 is stamped in the fact that no special license is required to manufac- 
 ture and sell them. Already they present signs of much success, and 
 are highly recommended by all who have used them. 
 
 Boiler and Sheet Iron Works. 
 
 In passing to the consideration of some of the forms into which 
 Iron is made, we come to a branch of Manufactures in which Nash- 
 ville is perhaps pre-eminent over all Southern cities, viz: that of 
 Boilers. There are, within the limits of the consolidated City, nu- 
 merous establishments, that have, in combination, facilities for con- 
 structing almost any Machine that the genius of man has contrived 
 or invented ; but the leading, and, in fact, only Boiler Manufactory 
 liere of any considerable dinu'usions, is the " Cham})ion Boiler 
 Yard," AVood & Simpson, pr(>])rict(»rs, and the "Pock City Sheet Iron 
 Works," Wood ct Miller, jjroprictors, corner Inroad and Front streets. 
 These two di'])artmcnts are under the control of two distinct firms. 
 
IPUn INDUSTRIIll [mBllSHMltll, 
 
 Corner of Broad and Front Streets. Nashville, Tennessee, 
 
 WOOD & SIMPSON'S 
 
 Portable. Stationary and Marine, Flue and Tubular Boilers, Girders, 
 Vaults and Heavy Plate Work. 
 
 Ptii'tics usinflj our Boilers highly endorse and recommend them for 
 Safety to Life and Property, Econom^y in Fuel, Great Durability, 
 and Moderate Price. 
 
 Our establishment being immediately at the 
 
 STKAMBOAT tsA'M'BlNi^^ 
 
 We are prepared to do Repairs and Jobliing at all liours of day and night. 
 
 • — ^ » ^ — • 
 
 K.ocIi City Sheet Iron Worhs, 
 
 WOOD ^ MILLEe, PROPRIETORS, 
 
 ]\[anufacture all descriptions of 
 
 HEAVT SHEET IRON WORK, CHIMNEYS, COPALOS, FIRE PROOF SHHTTERS, 
 
 And general repair Avork for Mills, Distilleries and Steamboats. 
 Orders solicited and work guaranteed. 
 
 5 &AVU&&^>&MA\JMU^ 
 
 Furnished with all late improvements for making 
 
 ENGINE, MI^jL, AGEICULTUKAL AND BUILDING CASTINGS 
 
 ANDIEONS, WAGON BOXES and STAPLE 
 
 CASTINGS, ahvays on hand. 
 
 l^^VTTERNS M^DE TO OKI3EK, 
 
 OFFICE OF 
 
 Boiler Yard, Sheet Iron Works, 
 
 AND 
 
 VWOO'D IROM FOUWBRY;, 
 
 ♦'ornor of IJroart ami Front SIrocis, up fSlnirs, 
 
 isr.AuSia:^v7"iXjnLE, . - - TEitrisrESSEE. 
 
 Where our friends and customers will ahvays find a welcome. 
 
 The Scientific American, and other Scientific and Literary })a2"»crs on 
 
 file for use of our friends. 
 
 182 
 
J50ILER AND SHEET IRON WORKS. 183 
 
 but are carried on in tlic same ])uiI(lino;. The Boiler Yard is under 
 the 2)crsonal supervision of Mr. B. G. AVood, a gentleman thoroughly 
 skilled and posted in his business, while the Sheet Iron AVorks owes 
 much of its celebrity to the kno\\ledge and experience of Mr. J. 
 R. Miller. During our late visit we observed the interior arrange- 
 ments of this combined concern, to be well supplied with Steam 
 Machinery, consisting of Lathes, Drill Presses, Bolt-Cutting Ma- 
 chines, together with full complements of Punches, Shears, Rollers, 
 etc. They are well prepared to execute orders for all kinds of Port- 
 able and Stationary, Flue and Tubular Boilers, Sheet Iron AVork 
 Shutters, Chimneys, etc., as well as doing Blacksmithing, and Steam- 
 boat Boiler Repairing of every description. All material used by 
 this establishment is subjected to the rigid examination of the pro- 
 prietors, who are skilled mechanics themselves, and all faulty and de- 
 fective plates are returned to the Rolling Mill as soon as discovered. 
 Pursuing our investigations into their business office, we 
 found, from their order books, that the merits of their work are not 
 only recognized in our City and the surrounding counties, but that 
 a good proportion of the motive power of commerce on the Cumber- 
 land and Tennessee Rivers has been furnished from this Manufac- 
 tory, Avhile the lumber regions of Georgia, South Carolina and other 
 Southern States acknowledge the safe, and entirely reliable work 
 done here. Possessing a location in every way desirable, having a 
 commanding river front, this establishment, under the conduct of its 
 energetic, experienced and industrious proprietors, is really one of 
 the institutions of Nashville. 
 
 AVe would also remark, that there is also in connection Avitli this 
 house the "Wood Iron Foundry," owned and conducted by ISIcssrs. 
 AVood, Simpson & Rees, which we shall speak of more fully else- 
 where. 
 
 Boot and Shoe Manufactories. 
 
 So far as extensive Boot and Shoe Factories are concerned, there 
 are at present none in Nashville sufficiently large to entitle them to 
 such considerations. Yet, some there are whose business is of very 
 considerable importance, and who from tlieir superior workmanship, 
 at least, command patronage not only in this City, but in many of the 
 towns adjacent to Nashville. It may be said also, that a greater por- 
 tion of the work of this character done in Nashville is carried on in 
 shops, where from two to a half-a-dozen men are employed, and by 
 
184 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 "garret bosses," Avho work by the job and sell their products for 
 cash, to fashionable retailers, as soon as finished. Since the intro- 
 duction of Sewing Machines the Manufacture of light and costly 
 work, especially that of Gaiters, has become quite an art, and gives 
 employment to many persons, both male and female. There are, as 
 estimated, 200 shoemakers in the City, but they are employed in so 
 many different shops, scattered here and there throughout the City. 
 In the present instance we shall refer only to those we conceive to be 
 the leading factories. 
 
 The Premium Boot and Shoe Manufactory. — The 
 Messrs. Winstead Brothers, No. 31 Sewanee Block, College 
 street, at their Premium Boot and Shoe Manufactory, are foremost 
 in this particular. Their establishment was put under headway dur- 
 ing the past year, and is now in fair working order. Their work, 
 at present, is all hand made, ordered from the measure, and is of a 
 very superior quality. Their fine Pump Soled Boots and Shoes, made 
 of Calf Skin, Morrocco and Glove Kid, and their excellent Gaiters, 
 both for ladies and gentlemen, have grown quite popular. They car- 
 ried off handsome premiums last Fall, not only at many of the 
 County Fairs, held in the vicinity of Nashville, but at the State 
 Fair also, where they met competition from Manufacturers of un- 
 doubted ability. The Messrs. Winstead are at present negotiating 
 for Improved Machinery, which they expect soon to receive, and will 
 soon inaugurate, on an extensive scale, one of the largest Boot and 
 Shoe Manufactories south of the Ohio River. 
 
 Hamilton's Boot amd Shoe Factory. — The Boot and Shoe 
 Manufactory of J. W. Hamilton, corner Market and Church streets, 
 is probably the most extensive house engaged in this business in 
 Nashville. In the factory there are employed during the Spring 
 some twelve hands, while during the Fall and Winter this force is 
 increased to about twenty. Mr. Hamilton manufactures his own 
 Leather, being also the proprietor of a Tannery, on Sam's Creek, 
 Cheatham County, about seventeen miles from the City, where an ad- 
 ditional force of half-a-dozen hands are employed. The hides and 
 bark used are both drawn from the adjoining counties. The capacity 
 of the Boot and Shoe Factory is reckoned at 10,000 pairs of French 
 Calf, Kip, and heavy Water-proof Boots, and 4,000 pairs of French 
 ■id Brogan Shoes per annum. Mr. Hamilton has been 
 this business in this City alone some twenty-three years, 
 ipied his present stand for more than twenty years. 
 >n to these there are a number of other Manufacturers, 
 •ue, but who make specialties of superior styles of work, 
 
 o. \ 
 
BOOT AND SHOE MANUFACTORIES. 185 
 
 such as Ladies and Children's Fine Congress and Opera Gaiters, Bal- 
 morals, Slippers, Button Boots, etc., of Creole and other shapes. 
 They employ none but first-class workmen, and select nothing but 
 the very best material. These houses are: S. W. Kees, 164 Church 
 street; P. Tachon, 101 Church street; and J. B. Fitch, 213 South 
 Cherry street. 
 
 Bone Fertilizer Works. 
 
 The Bone Fertilizer Works of J. F. O'Shaughnessey & Co., on 
 Grove Alley, between High and Vine streets, is also another new 
 branch of industry, hitherto overlooked here. The growing deter- 
 mination of the farmers of this vicinity and of the South generally 
 to fertilize and render arable much of the over-taxed soil makes this 
 an important branch of manufacturing pursuits. The works are 
 provided with a Steam Engine and all the most modern Machinery 
 for Bone crushing, and has capacity to use up and turn out 8,000 
 pounds of raw Bone-Dust per day. The manner of working is 
 simply that of grinding. The bones are procured from the surround- 
 ing country, and the Works may be termed a bojius institution. It 
 is estimated that since their establishment in Nashville, about two 
 years since, that this firm has shipped, to various sections of the 
 country, not less than 15,000 tons of Bones and Bone-Dust, amount- 
 ing, in the aggregate, to something like ^20,000. 
 
 Breweries. 
 
 The reputation of Nashville Beer and Ale is growing and extend- 
 ing into every quarter that our commerce is known, and, at present, 
 the Malt Liquors made in Nashville take precedence in many of the 
 cities of the South. The qualities for which they are most distin- 
 guished, are purity, brilliancy of color, richness of flavor, and non- 
 liability to deterioration in warm countries — qualities, the result in 
 part of the peculiar characteristics of the Cumberland Biver water, 
 in part of the intelligence, care and experience of our Brewers, con- 
 joined to the use of apparatus possessing all the best modern improve- 
 ments made in this country or elsewhere. The process of making 
 these highly popular and health-giving beverages is highly interestingj 
 but limited space precludes its admission here. At present there are 
 only two extensive Breweries in, or near, the City, but these have 
 such established reputations, and are in every sense of the Avord so 
 
186 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 extensive that strangers who come to Naslivillc, and who deliglit in 
 the scenes of industry, should not fail to avail themselves of a visit 
 to, and an insight into, their workings. 
 
 Stifel & Pfeiffer's Brewery. — The first of these we shall 
 speak of is Stifel & Pfeiffer's Brewery, at tlie corner of High and 
 Mulberry streets. This establishment gives regular employment to 
 fifteen men. The main building is four stories high, and contains all 
 the best modern improvements for brewing. The distinguishing 
 feature of this, as of all other large Lager Beer Breweries, is the im- 
 mense size of the subterrean vaults. These cellars are some twenty- 
 five to thirty feet under ground, and are built around an immense 
 ice-house, holding three hundred tons of ice, and which is necessarily 
 filled at all seasons. In tliese cellars are stored about one hundred 
 immense hogsheads, capable ot holding from 600 to 1,000 gallons of 
 Beer each. These cellars, we should have stated, are divided ofi* into 
 several compartments, and so soon as a vault or compartment is filled the 
 doors are closed, and straw, tan and other non-conductors are placed 
 around the crack to keep out the external heated air, the vaults are 
 ventilated, and the temperature is kept as low as possible; for should 
 it exceed 8° Reaumur or 50° Fahrenheit the Beer will spoil. Messrs. 
 Stifel &Pfeiffer turned out and sold, during 1869, as much as 5,000 
 barrels of their Beers and Ales, three-fourths of which were con- 
 sumed in Nashville alone. The tax on this immense quantity, 
 amounting to more than $5,000, is no small item of itself. To run 
 their establishment it requires fully 500 tons of ice per annum, and 
 the Messrs. Stifel & Pfeifi^er claim superiority of their Liquors over 
 those of Cincinnati and other cities, on account of their having more 
 body. 
 
 Spring Water Brewery. — The Spring Water Brewery, Fred. 
 Laitenburger, Esq., proprietor, is located six miles from the City, 
 between the ISIurfreesboro and Lebanon Pikes, and on what is locally 
 known as the "Chicken Pike." The name it bears was given it from 
 the fact that an excellent and never failing spring of the purest water 
 flows through the premises. Mr. Laitenburger employs from twelve 
 to fifteen men. His vaults are among the best arranged and neatest 
 we ever saw, l)eing stone-paved, and as neat as the floor of almost 
 any hotel dininghall in the country. j\Ir. Laitenburger has been re- 
 markably successful in securing for his products a wide-spread repu- 
 tation, and in some localities no other Liquids can be sold when Lai- 
 tenburger's Beer and Ale are thrown in competition with them. Last 
 year the Spring Water Brewery produced some 5,000 barrels of 
 
BRICK WORKS — BROOM MANUFACTOKIKS. 187 
 
 Lager Beer aiitl Ale, the tax, one dollar per barrel, amounting to 
 $5,000. This firm supplies exclusively a large number of retail 
 establishments in this City. The general wholesale warehouse is 
 at No. 41 Broad street. 
 
 Brick Works. 
 
 There are in the^vicinity of the City several establishments for the 
 manufacture of Brick. Yet all of these but one turn out their Brick 
 in the " old fashioned way." The Messrs. Knight Bros., in 1868, 
 established extensive Yards on the south bank of the Cumberland 
 lliver, immediately above the City Reservoir. They supplied them- 
 selves with "Gard's Improved Steam Brick Machine," employed 
 some thirty hands, and manufactured superior kinds cf Building and 
 Paving Brick. During the first six months of their operations, 
 without running constantly, they turned out 500,000 Brick, but soon 
 ran their capacity up to 3,000,000 per annum. At present these 
 Works are not in full running order, from the fact that nearly all the 
 Brick Layers in the City make their own Material, and the outside 
 demand is not overly great, so that the amount now made will fall 
 short of the last figures. 
 
 Broom Manufactories. 
 
 From actual insignificance, prior to the war, the manufacture of 
 Brooms in Nashville has grown to be one of importance. We can 
 well remember the time when the only Broom Makers in our country 
 were nothing more than industrious old negroes who managed to do 
 their work during leisure hours, and brought their goods to the City 
 on their shoulders for sale. Who would have thought the prophet 
 sane in those days had he have foretold that to-day Nashville would 
 claim among her separate Manufactures a department devoted ex- 
 clusively to Brooms. But, waiving all prolonged remarks as to what 
 was, we are enabled to ]>resent some interesting, and, as we deem 
 them, important facts relative to the business at present. If our 
 farmers but knew that with an expenditure not exceeding $30 to the 
 acre they could produce Broom Corn commanding as high as $300 
 per ton, and that it is a crop that requires but little labor and atten- 
 tion, pcrlia})s they would take it as granted that "a hint to the wise 
 is sufficicnj," and plant accordingly. The Corn raised in Tennes- 
 
188 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 see is rceoiumended l)y dealers and ISIanufacturers as far prclbrable to 
 that produced in other States, for many reasons, prominent among 
 which are its qualities of durability and fineness of brush. It ma- 
 tures much earlier, and when avcII cured, always commands a better 
 price than Northern-raised Corn. Thus far, the facilities for raising 
 the crop have not been so good as in States North and West of us, 
 but more attention is being j^aid to the business as each year roUsi 
 round, and the result is profitable. The coming crop will, in all 
 probability, be much larger than any previous one, since several hun-' 
 dred bushels of Seed have been distributed by the dealers here to par- 
 ties who have never grown it before. The first crop raised as a 
 speciality in Tennessee, perhaps, was that of Mr. 11. A. Toon, during 
 1865, in Williamson County. His success was decided, and has 
 stimulated and encouraged its culture here wonderfully. But we 
 pass to the Manufactories. 
 
 Coffer's Broom Factory. — The Edgefield Broom Factory, un- 
 der the supervision of W. H. Coffer & Co., gives work to aljout 
 twelve hands. The Corn used by them is, for the most part, drawn 
 from the fields of Tennessee. The Handles are made in Detroit, 
 Michigan, Twine in New York, and the Wrapping-wire in Massa- 
 chusetts. The Corn is usually cut green and cured in the shade. 
 The first process in the Factory is to place it in a Bleaching-box 6 
 by 10 feet long, and allow it to remain twenty- four hours, during which 
 time the air is closed out, causing it to soften and dampen for proper 
 working. It is then selected and arranged in three different sizes, 
 then tied by means of a Tying Machine, then wrapped with wire 
 from a large spool, and pressed into shape. Of the machines, there 
 are five Tying-raachines and four Sewing-horses. The sewing is 
 done with large steel bodkins, and the workmen are provided with a 
 pair of cuffs or palms made with large iron thimbles in the center. 
 Each operative makes and finishes his own broom. This Factory 
 used up last year some 50 tons of Broom Corn, and turned out about 
 7,000 dozen Brooms. Messrs. Coffer & Co. have also a branch 
 establishment at No. 48 North Front Street. 
 
 R. A. Toon's Broom Factory. — The Broom ISIanufactory cji 
 Mr. R. A. Toon, located at No. 84 Broad Street, gives employment 
 to as many as twenty persons. Mr. Toon runs six Tying-machincs 
 and six Sewing-horses. His process of manufacturing is the same a 
 that just described. The capacity of tlie concern is about 150 doze 
 Brooms per day. Since his establishment in Nashville, January 12, 
 1869, Mr. Toon has never yet been able to get beyond orders actual 
 
189 CAinuAGi-: manufactories. 
 
 ly (in hand. He also deals extensively in all kinds of Broom 
 INIaterial, such as Corn, Twine, Handles, "Wire, etc. 
 
 E.AfRY & Duffy's Buoom Factory. — This latter establishment 
 is located at No. 135 ]3road Street. They have also a branch estab- 
 lishment in Atlanta, Georgia. In the two shops they give employ- 
 ment to about twenty persons, and run ten Tying-machines and ten 
 Sewing-liorses. They also deal extensively in ]>room Material. 
 
 Broom Corn Machine Manufactory. — There is also an estab- 
 lishment near the City for the manufacture of all kinds of Broom 
 Corn Machinery, including Sewing-horses, Tying-machines and Seed 
 Cleaning Machines. This establishment is run by Mr. J. II. P. 
 Tooley, and is located on the "White's Creek Pike, Edgefield. Mr. 
 Tooley has engaged in this business here some two years and has been 
 the first to introduce it into Nashville. 
 
 Carriage Manufactories. 
 
 So lar as the Carriage Manufacturing business of Nashville is con- 
 cerned, we have never as yet had the least fear of comparing its 
 status to that of any of the cities of the United States, and the ve- 
 hicles constructed here will be found as good as those made anywhere, 
 combining lightness with strength, and attaining durability in con- 
 junction ^vith the greatest beauty of appearance and high finish. 
 True, there are some articles "made to sell " alone, but we claim that 
 tlic general quality is above the ordinaiy average, and that those who 
 desire a perfect vehicle will be likely to find such an article in this 
 City. The prominent Builders of this City are men of experience 
 and understand the proper proportions of every part of a vehicle, be- 
 side always being well posted in improvements of style and finish 
 reached by the workmen of other cities. No more superior material 
 can be found in the South for Carriage purposes than the Hickory, 
 Oak and Ash of Tennessee, to say nothing of other advantages. The 
 leading Carriage Manufactories of the City are as follows : 
 
 Powers tt Hunt's Carriage ^Manufactory. — This well ar- 
 ranged establishment occupies the houses 101 and 103 North Market 
 Street Their force musters from eighteen to twenty-five men, all 
 branches included. Their Shops are decidedly among the best ap- 
 pointed in the City — the Blacksmithing Departments especially, for 
 neatness, being unexceptionable. These are provided with the 
 newly patented forges and have tools and boxes complete. The capa- 
 city of this concern is from two to three vehicles complete each week, 
 
190 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 or from .seveuty-five to one huiKlretl and twenty-five per year, con- 
 sisting of all the most modern styles of Carriages, Buggies, Bar- 
 rouches, Rockaways and Light Wagons. 
 
 Allen & Co.'s Carriage Manufactory. — At 152 and 154 
 North Cherry Street, employs fifteen hands who are enabled to man- 
 ufacture complete seventy-five to one hundred vehicles per annum. 
 Carriages, Buggies, Barrouches, Light Road AVagons, etc. 
 
 The Southern Carriage Manufacturing Company. — A 
 Joint Stock Industrial and Manufacturing Organization, whose offi- 
 cers are all working men, have their Work Shops at Nos. 44 and 51 
 Nortli Front Street. The officers are: President, W. W. Miller; 
 Directors, C. I). Longhurst, Thomas F. Murphy, and the estate of 
 W. F. Elliott. Their force consists of sixteen Avorking-men, black- 
 smiths, wood workmen, trimmers and painters included. With this 
 force they are capable of turning out on an average two vehicles a 
 week or about seventy-five or one hundred annually. No compli- 
 cated machinery is used. This house manufactures all the goods they 
 sell. In their ware-rooms we were shown some superb specimens 
 of Buggies, Barrouches, Light Carriages, etc., etc., fancy, substantial 
 and abundant in all the latest ideas in coach-making. 
 
 Cedar Ware Manufactory. 
 
 Among her branches of productive industry, Nashville, we believe, 
 can lay claim to one department, more extensively carried on than in 
 any other City of the United States. The department to w^iich we 
 have reference, is the manufacture of Cedar Ware. The abundant 
 supply of this very beautiful, durable and useful wood in Ten- 
 nessee, furnishes ample stock to work "upon; while the articles manu- 
 factured find ready sale at almost all times. These propitious cir- 
 cumstances have led to the establishment, in our City, of one of the best 
 arranged and completest individual concerns in our vicinity, viz : the 
 Cedar Ware Manufactory of Messrs. Prewitt, Spurr & Co., on the 
 Cumberland River, fronting Church Street. This establishment is 
 well supplied with a full complement of all the latest and best im- 
 proved Machinery, noticeable among which are all manner of Lathes, 
 Saws, Rotary and Sliding Matchers, Stave and Bucket-bottom Saws, 
 and many others eminently useful in their sjjheres, but not easily 
 described in limited space. Two of the Lathes used are of the com- 
 bination character, and by simple adjustment adapt themselves to the 
 ^Manufacture of Buckets, Tubs, or Churns. The dry-houses of this 
 
rii 
 
 I 
 
 •f 
 
 Mamifactiiren of all Descriplioiis of 
 
 RED CEDAR 
 
 I 
 
 OFFK E.AM) WAKK KOO.U, 
 
 Wo. 4 W. MARKXZT STREKT, 
 
 (NEAR CHURCH STREET,) 
 
 NASHVILLE, 
 
 191 
 
192 NASHVILLE AND HER TKADE. 
 
 establishment arc capable of holding 300,000 staves and 30,000 
 Bucket Bottoms. Messrs. Prewitt, Spurr &Co. give employment to more 
 than sixty hands, and anticipate increasing their force to seventy-five 
 shortly. The capacity of this concern is about 600 pieces per day, or 
 from 3,000 to 3,500 per week, and embrace such articles as Buckets, 
 which have some twenty different sizes or styles, beside a great va- 
 riety of Water Cans, Keelers, Tubs, Churns, etc. The lumber re- 
 quired for their immense consumption is hewn from the Cedar brakes 
 that skirt the banks of the Cumberland and Stone's lliver, and is 
 rafted to the door of the factory. The wares of this Manufactory 
 have fine sale in the cities of St. Louis, Chicago, Louisville, Cincin- 
 nati, and Milwaukee, and in all the cities of the Atlantic Sea-board, 
 from New York to New Orleans. This firm, ambitious to retain 
 their splendid reputation for producing uniformly good articles, arc 
 extremely careful in the selection of good materials, and pay particu- 
 lar attention to the seasoning, before it is worked up. Their wares 
 are so well known even at this early date of their existence, that, as 
 these gentlemen told us, confidentially it was though, that a firm in 
 St. Louis, who professed to manufacture Cedar "Ware, were among 
 their best and most regular patrons. As evidence of their extensive 
 operations, Messrs. Prewitt, Spurr & Co. gave us, from their books, 
 the following figures relative to the amount of raw material that was 
 worked up by them during 1869; 60,000 pounds of Brass, 25,000 
 pounds of Iron, and about 1,000,000 feet of Cedar Lumber. To 
 convert this huge amount into Buckets, Tubs, etc., the necessary labor 
 cost them exactly $25,000. 
 
 Chair Manufactories. 
 
 The manufacture of Chairs as a speciality until quite recently was 
 unknown in Nashville. But within the last few years marked changes 
 and advancements have been made in dividing productive industry 
 into its legitimate departments. And our City can to-day boast of 
 some of the most complete and largest concerns of this character 
 in the country. 
 
 Tennessee Chair Factory. — The Factory Buildings of this 
 enterprising and extensive establishment arc situated on what was 
 formerly known as Vinegar Hill, North Nashville, in the old Dis- 
 tillery Building. The founders and proprietors are Messrs. Taylor, 
 Barry & Veddcr, formerly engaged in the same Imsiness at lloches- 
 ter, New York. It is indeed one of the colossal manufacturing con- 
 
KDWIN TAYLOlt. 
 
 GEO. H. BAKUY. 
 
 .KJIIN S. VKDDER. 
 
 PROPRIETORS OF THE 
 
 TENNESSEE CHAIR FACTORY, 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 OFFICE & SALESROOM, No, 24 NORTH COLLEGE STREET 
 FACTORY ON THE RIVER, NORTH NASHVILLE. 
 
 CHAS. RICH. 
 
 CHRISTIAN KREIU 
 
 ]^T ASH VILLE 
 
 Factory, 
 
 BY 
 
 RICH & KREIG, 
 
 Ware Rooms, No. 12 N. College Street, 
 FACTORY, CORNER SUMMER, MADISON AND CHERRl STREETS, 
 
 13 193 
 
194 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 cerns of the South, employs an invested capital of about $120,000, 
 and o-ives regular work to some 150 operatives, including men and 
 boys. The idea of founding such an institution here is due to the 
 sagacity of the Senior member of the firm, Mr. Edwin Taylor, who 
 traveled throughout the almost entire country in search of a cheap 
 and accessible lumber market, and tUscocered in XashviUe inducements 
 such as no other city North or South proffered. He came to Nash- 
 ville some two years ago, saw the immense advantages to be derived 
 and the extensive market to l)e supplied from such a structure, and 
 forthwith got him to work. The old Distillery, which hitherto had 
 been a play-ground for infesting vermin, and whose shattered and 
 toppling walls were growing gray with ruin, was completely renova- 
 ted and remodelled, and placed on footing as an extensive Chair Fac- 
 tory. During the month of November, 1868, the machinery was put 
 in order and the wheel of work started on its industrious career. 
 
 But not until March, 1869, was the "opening Avedge" made and 
 the establishment began with a "house-warming" and flourish of 
 trumpets, which event was heralded by the City Press as a "grand 
 stride in Nashville's progressive history." Since that time their 
 success, if wc may be allowed the expression of the proprietors, "has 
 been unprecedented," for at no one time since they have been under 
 fair headway have they been able to fill the orders which have been 
 pouring in upon them. ^Merely glancing at the machinery employed 
 we find that with a splendid sixty-five horse power engine, possessing a 
 fifteen-inch cylinder and thirty-inch stroke and a driving-wheel nine 
 feet in diameter and reaching the ponderous weight of 5,500 pounds 
 avoirdupois, they arc abJe to move the machinery of some thirty dif- 
 ferent Instruments, embracing all kinds of Rough Plank, Cut-Off, 
 Rip, Jig and Dish Saws; Saws for convex-concave work, and for crooked 
 or zig-zag work, beside a full set of Planers ot all kinds; Chair-round 
 and Rocker-gain Cutters, beside a number of Lathes, and especially 
 one of Chase's patent Lathes, doing the work of six men ; and a superb 
 Tenanting ^Machine which cuts tenants and relishes at one stroke, and 
 which is said to be easily capable of doing in one day the work of 
 twenty men; altogether forming one of the completest and best ar- 
 ranged Chair Factories of the United States. With these immense fa- 
 cilities, the Tennessee Chair Factory is fully cajjable of and does turn 
 out from 125 to 150 dozen Chairs per week, and which at a moderate 
 calculation, amounts to 100,000 Chairs annually. So far as the 
 kinds of work turned out are concerned, they of themselves would 
 furnish an interesting volume of respectable size. They include all 
 
CHAIR MANUFACTORIES. 195 
 
 classes of work, such as "Walnut, Poplar, Gum, Hickory, Oak, Ash, 
 Elm, Bcceh and Maple of all styles of fmi.sli, as Rosewood, AYalnut, 
 Oak and Gilt; Flag, Cane, Wooden and Upholstered, embracing over 
 one hundred and fifty various styles and patterns of Parlor, Rocking, 
 Arm, Reception, Dining-Room and Office Chairs, Ottomans and 
 Stools. The material for this immense consumption is draicn from 
 Tennessee forests — are native woods — which cheering fact gives us un- 
 bounded pleasure to record. And so far as the recommending quali- 
 ties thereof are concerned, the Messrs. Taylor, Barry <& Vedder luivc 
 in their possession letters from customers in almost every State of tlic 
 South assuring them that the work turned out by the Tennessee 
 Chair Factory is better for the Southcj-n trade than even Xew Yorlv 
 or Boston manufactured goods. A visit to their well-ordered Fact<iry 
 would be certain to delight any stranger coming to Nashville, and 
 the pro])rietors and employes take pleasure in explaining and exhil)it- 
 ing the various machines used and the modus operandi of running 
 a Chair Factory. Their City Office and Warerooms are located at 
 No. 24 North College Street. 
 
 Rich & Kreig's Chair Factory. — Nowhere in our City, or in 
 the South, we think, can be found a neater, better-arranged or more 
 complete establishment, than the Chair Manufactory of Messrs. Rich 
 & Kreig. The premises of this concern front on three streets — 
 Cherry, Summer and Madison — and the buildings used are of two 
 stories height, and apparently were built with an especial eye to their 
 present use, being in every way convenient and well appointed. Some 
 thirty hands are employed here, and the machinery, driven by a splen- 
 did eighteen-horse power engine, may be enumerated as follows : One 
 of Fay's Planers ; one of Steptoe, McFarland & Co.'s Tenanting Ma- 
 chines — together with a full complement of Double-headed Friezers, 
 Chair Morticcrs, Fitting and Boring Machines, Moulders, Chair- 
 Rounding Machines, beside numerous Jig, Rip and Cut-off Saws and 
 Lathes. Adjacent to the Factory, there is a well-arranged Dry- 
 House, constructed over the boiler, which has room for some five 
 hundred unfinished Chairs. The same fire and fuel required to run 
 the entire machinery is made to perforin double service by drying the 
 green timber, which is but one evidence of the ingenuity and enter- 
 prise displayed throughout the whole concern. Messrs. Rich & Kreig 
 have capacity for turning out, complete, ten dozen Chairs per day. 
 All varieties of wood — Walnut, Rosewood, Cherry, Hickory, Oak, 
 and many others, well adapted to the purpose — are taken in the 
 rough, and fashioned and shaped into Cliairs of such varied patterns. 
 
lil'i XASIl villi: AM) UV.ll TUADK. 
 
 tluu \\i' iiiiu'hr almo.st cla.<s thom a.s inmiiuerable and iiule.<i'ril)al>le. 
 The gentloiHcn coinposing" this iirni are practical and competent ]Manu- 
 tiu'turers, and have established an t'nviable reputatii)n lor reliability and 
 thorongh workmanship. Their work is Avell known in many cities of 
 the Sonth, and, wherever introduced, lu\s found steadfast friends and 
 regular customers. They have also recently added to the Chair busi- 
 ness tlu' nuumthcture of general House Furniture, and we are not 
 •^low in predicting, will meet with the same good results that have 
 characterized their (tther workings. The Salesroom and M'arehouse 
 !if ^fessrs. liich c\: Kreiii' is No. 12 Xorth Colleu'c street. 
 
 Chemical Works. 
 
 The manufacture of Chemicals in Nashville, as yet, is only in an 
 nnbryo state, and until quite recently, was entirely unknown, or at 
 .east, was overlooked here. .Vlmost every Druggist in the country 
 uanufactures some special preparation, ior the benefit of his local 
 'ustom; but the celebrity of those preparations scarcely, if ever, at- 
 ains unusual runs. A striking exception to this fact is the })rodue- 
 ions of Benj. Lillard, G. P., Proprietor of I^illard's Pharmacy, No. 
 U Cedar street. Post Office Building. About eighteen months since, 
 le established himself in this house, and soon after began introducing 
 I line of Preparations known as Vermin Exterminators, Cemicade, 
 Muscade, Culicade and Flucade, and signifying, respectively, Bed- 
 jug, Bat, Mosquito and Fly Exterminators. In 1869, these prepara- 
 :ions, copyrighted and nuinufactured only by Lillard, had done such 
 j,ood service, that large orders were received from New York, Phila- 
 lelphia, Chicago, and other Northern, as well as nearly all the 
 Southern cities, before the Summer was over; and the Manufacturer 
 found himself compelled to increase his facilities. Such success, in 
 50 short a time, was unprecedented in Nashville, and, as a matter of 
 xnirse, stinuilated the business wonderfully. Becently, Mr. Lillard 
 las connected himself, as Superintendent and General Agent, with 
 :he Hock City Chemical Works, a newly-established concern, and is 
 now producing a full line of fine and highly-concentrated Cordial 
 Klixirs, comprising those of Calasaya, Iron, etc., the Syrups of Phos- 
 [)hates, and those of Hypophosphites, Flavoring Extracts, Lozenges, 
 nid quite a number of other excellent preparations, made with the 
 nost approved apparatus, and in accordance with the latest discoveries 
 u Pharmaceutical Chemistrv. 
 
TDK.. a-OOHDLET'S 
 H O U C K " S 
 
 Vegetable Panacea, 
 
 For Ih*' «iir«' of <'ol«ls, foiii^lit. Asllini.i, ItroiK-liilis. liiili;;rslioii. I>iver 
 loniplHlnt, Nrroliiln, I>.vs|><*|>sin, aiul for I'lirilyinK tUv Klooil. Unn 
 
 l<r <D E Q, TJ -^ X. . 
 
 It is aperient and alterative, witliout Leiiii^ violent : it is eanni na- 
 tive and ;j^ently stinlulatin.l,^ without deljilitatiiiji^tlie nei'vous system. 
 It dcterniines to tlie surfaee. and thus ix'lieves tlie internal parts of 
 the system from o}>j»ression eonsequent upon oLstruetion. It is gently 
 ojiening, relieving the alimentary and intestinal viseeru by removing 
 ail deleterious mattei'. It stimulates the Liver to proper seeretion ot 
 l)ile. It lias a most happy effeet upon the stomaeh. renovating ajid 
 jii-eparing it foi- healtliful aetion. 
 
 It is anti-bilious in its eombined aeti(jn on the Stomaeh. J^iverand 
 Bowel.s. 
 
 :R'JSJ^JD the FOLLO"WiniT(3- T:H]STIZ!^01>ri.A.LS 
 Mkssks. DoiiTCii & Haudo-v— Gentlciiion: I desire, for the benefit of tJie afflicted, to 
 iiiakf a. statement in regard to Dr. A. G. Goodlet'.s Ilouek's I'anacea. I wa.s afflicted 
 for several years with a (iiscase pronounced to be Scrrjfula, in itsinost aj^Kravated form, 
 (hiring wliieh tim<' I was underthe treatment of .several eminent physician.s, but failed 
 to derive any benefit from tlieir remedies. I had, at the time, five ulcers in my neck, 
 discharging from one to two quarts per day ; my suffering, in consequence, was almost 
 unendurable. As a last resort, I applied to Dr. CJoodiei, who prescribed his Panacea, 
 :i lid an ointment for dressing the ulcers, and to my surjirise, as well as delight, I had 
 taken l)Ut two or tliree bottles when I began rapidly to improve, and after using about 
 eight Ijottles, I was perfectly cured. It has been several years since, and no symptoms 
 of the loathsome disease have ever returned. If, by this statement, others may be in- 
 duced to give this rt-medy a fair trial, and thereby be relieved of their .suffering, it will 
 have accomplished that for which it has l)ern written. 
 Yours, respectfully, 
 August 8th, 18tt!». .lA.S. A. JlAllWOOD, 
 
 Nashvii.lk, Kei.tember ;?0, IWS. 
 Mk. Nat F. Doktcji— Dear Kir: I have used Dr. A. G. Goodlet's Houck's Vegetable 
 Panacea for twenty years, and conscientiously believe it to be one of the l»est remedies 
 ever manufactured. I have used it for Dyspepsia, in its most aggravat<-d form, upon 
 l)Oth myself and wife, with most gratifying results. I regard it as a most excellent 
 remedy to jirevent the return of Chills after they have been checked; have found it to 
 act admirably upon the Diver, Stomach and Bowels, removing all obstruction. For 
 Coughs and Colds, it is unsurpassed by any remedy I have ever u.sed. In short, I re- 
 gard the Panacea as the best general Family M>:dicink evM?r known. I would earnest- 
 ly advise those who are afflicted with any of the diseases for Avhich the Panacea Ls re- 
 commended, to give it a fair trial, firmly believing that they will be beiietitted thereby 
 Yours, respectfully, I". I. WII.SOX. 
 
 DORTCH & HADDOX, 
 
 MA x J']-- .\f •'rT'i.'i-;R.'^. 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 107 
 
DEALER IX 
 
 iE^EI^iF'TJIs/nEI^'Y', 
 
 FiiMOY ARTICIirKS^ etc,^ etc.^i etc. 
 
 SOLK MAXUl'ACTUKEU OF 
 
 Smith's Fine Perfumeries, 
 Smith's Flavoring Extracts, 
 
 AXD A FULT^ LIXE OF 
 
 FINE PHARMACEUTICAL PRODUCTS, 
 
 . ^r 
 
 FpLictical Cliemist 
 
 €or:^er chukch axi> vine .streets. 
 
 Nasliville, 
 
 Tennessee, 
 
 198 
 
CIGAU MANUFACTORIES. I'JD 
 
 C. W. Smith, Apothecary, At the corner of Church and Vine 
 streets, has been very successful in manufacturing and introducing 
 into favor, a full line of Toilet Articles, such as fine Perfumeries and 
 Toilet Soaps; and having devoted much attention to the Chemical 
 processes involved in their manufacture, has produced articles which 
 are now regarded as thoroughly reliable and durable, as well as ex- 
 quisite. :Mr. Smith also manufactures Flavoring Extracts and a num- 
 ber of fine Pharmaceutical Preparations. His neat and elegant Drug 
 House is one of the best arranged and most popular in the City. 
 
 Messrs. Dortch & Haddox, Druggists, at the corner of College and 
 Union streets, are the sole manufacturers of the well-known and 
 highly-recommended Goodlett's Ilouck's Vegetable Panacea, which is 
 especially recommended as a certain cure for Coughs, Colds, Asthma, 
 and all Throat Diseases, as well as Indigestion, Dyspepsia, Liver 
 Complaint, Scrofula, and as a Blood Purifier. This Panacea contains 
 nothing but the purest and least harmless ingredients; and, to judge 
 from the highly successful run that it has enjoyed for years, it cer- 
 tainly contains qualities and powers which arc both effective and of a 
 nature to entitle it to the consideration of those who suffer under many 
 of the baneful complaints that " flesh is heir to." It is manuftictured 
 under the especial eye of Mr. E. E. Goodlett, a prescriptionist of rare 
 attainments, who is at present associated with the Messrs. Dortch & 
 
 Haddox. 
 
 W. D. Kline, Pharmacist, 85 Church street, Masonic Temple 
 Building, in a special line of preparations has been, and is, a most 
 successful Manufacturer; and his productions have received high 
 recommendations from many of the leading physicians of Nashville. 
 The leading specialties made and offered by Mr. Kline arc Compound 
 Syrups of Hypophosphites, Cordial Elixir of ArmoracUi d Bismuthi, 
 Compound Syrups of the Phosphates of Iron, (Quinine and Strychnia, 
 and Elixir Valerianate of Ammonia. His Toilet Preparations include 
 " Kline's Exquisite Cologne," " Kline's Unrivalled Hair Tonic and 
 Scalp Cleanser," and many others almost as prominent, and equally 
 as popular. 
 
 Cigar Manufactories. 
 
 It is estimated that there are not less than four hundred places in 
 this City, including regular Cigar Stores, Saloons, and Wholesale and 
 Retail Groceries, where Tobacco, in some shape, is sold ; and the con- 
 sumption of the "weed," by both sexes, is so vast, that it may fairly 
 
200 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 be classed aiiiuiij^ the necessaries of life. The receipts of IManufac- 
 tured and Leaf Tobacco in this market are of an enormous amount 
 every year. Excepting cotton alone, it is perhaps the most important 
 export of the South ; and in freights, duties and revenue, it does a 
 larger business than any other staple. There are but few sections of 
 our country that will produce this article, and Tennessee is one of the 
 favored few. Yet, strange as it may seem, there are but three small 
 Cigar jNIauufactories in Nashville, and stranger, too, from the fact that 
 as good vages are offered journeymen cigar-makers here, as in any 
 other Western or Southern city. Before the war, Nashville prided 
 herself iu having a number of Cigar Manufactories, one of which, 
 at least, was a very extensive concern. These houses manufactured 
 Cigars enough to almost monopolize the entire local market, while 
 nearly all of the surrounding towns were also supplied by them. 
 But the present system of Tobacco taxation is so vexatious, and what 
 is more apparent, home manufactures have not been sufficiently en- 
 couraged, that but few manufacturers have had the stamina to em- 
 bark in such a hazardous business. Now, we do not argue that Ten- 
 nessee Tobacco, at its present status, is altogether adapted to Cigar- 
 making; but for chewing purposes, it is well suited, and a Manufactory 
 established for the conduct of the latter branch could easily attach 
 the former, with but little additional expense, and make money on 
 the whole. To make Cigars, perhaps, feAver artificial auxiliaries are 
 requisite than in any other branch of manufacturing industry — a knife, 
 a zinc board and a paste-cup, making up the array of tools; therefore, 
 no expense is gone to for machinery or apparatus. The consuming 
 market is close at hand. The demand is ahvays good. In fact, the 
 field is fine for some enterprising manufacturer, with capital. The 
 only persons in the city manufacturing Cigars at present are : »Iohn 
 D. Hurst, 22 North Cherry street, next door north of the Maxwell 
 • House; S. Kirschbaum & Co., 77 North Cherry, and E. M. Davis & 
 Bro., 18| Deaderick street. These houses are small, it is true; but 
 they have reduced their manufactures to a perfection little short of 
 art. Their Cigars are, for the most part, made with the greatest care • 
 packed and branded in imitation of the finest Havanas, and so fla- 
 vored as to puzzle good judges to tell them from the imported — not 
 for the purpose of deception, but from a desire to turn out the very 
 best article that can be made. 
 
DISTILLERIES. 201 
 
 Distilleries, 
 
 There are situated within the City limits, or near the corporation 
 line, quite a number of Distilling and Re-distilliug establishments; 
 but the majority of these concerns are located some miles out; and 
 although Nashville is the distributing point for their products, yet we 
 do not desire to occupy so much ground, and shall confine our etchings 
 to those who are in the City proper. 
 
 F. M. Young •& Co.'s Distillery. — The most prominent con- 
 cern of this character is that of F. M. Young & Co., on South Sum- 
 mer street, Nos. 172, 174, 176 and 178. This establishment was built 
 especially for Re-distillation of High Wines; and for this purpose, 
 Messrs. Young & Co. have received letters patent for the entire pro- 
 cess. It has been in operation a little less than a year ; but its products 
 are already known for their purity and superior qualities, in most of 
 the leading cities. North and South, while orders for it, for strictly 
 medicinal purposes, have been received from all directions, even from 
 beyond the other side of the Rocky Mountains. Tennessee Copper- 
 Distilled Whisky has long been known for its purity ; but in this es- 
 tablishment — unlike any other in the United States, its quality is 
 greatly improved. The capacity of the establishment is fifty barrels 
 })ure spirits per day. The demand, however, is increasing so rapidly, 
 that it will be necessary shortly to enlarge its capacity. One of the 
 advantages claimed for Young's Whisky is, that it improves from 
 the day of its manufacture more rapidly than any other Liquor known. 
 Whisky made at this establishment, less than one year ago, is now 
 held by some of our merchants at three times their first value, and 
 higher than any other American Whisky. 
 
 Manning & Co.'s Distillery. — The Distillery of Messrs. Man- 
 ning & Co. is situated on Washington street, between Clay and Cum- 
 berland. This Distillery is what is known as a thirty-barrel house, 
 and is capable of turning out yearly 10,000 barrels of Whisky, made 
 on the Robertson County principle, and which has been previously 
 explained by us. Some fifteen men are employed here; and the 
 products of this house seldom, if ever, have to search for customers. 
 Leman's Distillery. — This concern is situated on Brown's Creek, 
 immediately beyond the Southern suburbs of the City. It gives 
 employment to some half dozen persons, and is a five-barrel house, 
 andean produce 2,000 barrels of AVhisky per annum. The Whiskies 
 made by Mr. Leman are said to be very pure, and are decidedly pop- 
 ular. 
 
202 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Chas. Nelson's Distillery. — The Wholesale Liquor House of 
 Chas. Nelson, 18 and 20 South Market, has a Distillery at the corner 
 of College and Mulberry streets. It is provided with all the latest 
 and most improved apparatus requisite for a first-class Distillery, and 
 is capable of producing about 3,000 barrels of the purest and finest 
 Copper-Distilled Whiskies, per annum. Mr. Nelson also has, at his 
 Bonded Warehouse, an excellent Rectifier, with a capacity of 200 
 barrels of Liquor per month. His Whiskies are well and favorably 
 known throughout the country — in fact, so well known, that further 
 remarks from ns are needless. 
 
 H. Vaughn & Co.'s Distillery — Is located on the Edgefield 
 side of the Cumberland River. This house also mannfactures on the 
 Robertson County principle, and rectify their own productions. 
 
 Engine and Machine Shops. 
 
 There are in the City quite a number of establishments, whose fa- 
 cilities for constructing all kinds of Steam Engines and Machinery are 
 unsurpassed in this section of country, These Shops are fitted out 
 with all the latest improved tools and equipments for the successful 
 prosecution of their business ; and some of them are of the most ex- 
 tensive dimensions. The character of the work done at these estab- 
 lishments will favorably compare with that produced by similar ones, 
 no matter where they are located — not only on account of its useful- 
 ness, but in its general appearance. The most prominent of these are 
 the following: 
 
 C. H. Dreyer's Engine and Machine Shops. — At the College 
 Hill Foundry building, is an establishment that may be referred to 
 as representative of the excellent Machine Shops in which Nash- 
 ville abounds. These Works are equipped with all the tools usually 
 found in first-class establishments of a similar character; and the 
 products comprise all the varieties of work ordinarily made in Ma- 
 chine Shops ; but especial attention is paid to the building of Steam 
 Engines, and the manufacture of all kinds of Shafting, Pulleys, 
 Hangers and Mill Machinery. Especial care and promptness are 
 taken here in repairing all kinds of Machinery. 
 
 J. B. Roman's Engine and Machine Shops. — Perhaps the 
 most extensive Engine and Machine Manufacturing concern in Nash- 
 ville is that of Mr. J. B. Romans. The building occupied by him is 
 the "Old Anderson Foundry," Nos. 92 and 94 South Cherry street. 
 His Shops give employment to thirty men, when in full operation. 
 
FLOUKIXG MILLS. 203 
 
 and have in connection an extensive Foundry. In the Machine Shops 
 a splendid Upright Engine, twenty-fivc-liorse power, made in the 
 establishment, runs the machinery and gearing. All kinds of Steam 
 Engines, Mill Machinery, Shafting and Pulleys, are manufactured at 
 tliese Shops; and the excellence of Mr. Romans' workmanship — 
 gained by fifteen years' experience in Nashville — is freely acknowl- 
 edged. A large number of Engines, and a vast amount of Machinery, 
 turned out by this house, are now in use in various portions of the 
 South; and, to judge from the general approbation of their qualities, 
 as expressed by persons who have patronized Mr. Romans, there 
 certainly can be little short of perfection attained. During our late 
 visit, Mr. Romans "svas engaged in getting up a first-class Engine, of 
 thirty-fivc-horsc power, for the Nashville Cotton Manufacturing 
 Company's Machine Shops. 
 
 Flouring Mills. 
 
 In enumerating the various ^lanufactures of this City we come to 
 that of Flour aiid Meal. By disregarding the conflicting opinions of 
 Political Economists, as to their legitimate right to such classifica- 
 tion, we present our readers with a brief account of the workings 
 and capacity of what we honestly believe to be some of the most ex- 
 tensive and energetic enterprises in the Southwest. 
 
 The Jackson Milt-s. — The Jackson Mills are located at the cor- 
 ner of Market and Elm streets. South Nashville. Tli% site occupied 
 by them was owned by General Andrew Jackson, while Judge of the 
 Circuit Court for this district, and from whom they derive their name. 
 The building proper is a four story brick, forty-five by seventy-five 
 feet large. It was built by Jno. J. McCann, Esq., of this City, dur- 
 1868. The present owners and proprietors are Jno. J. McCann & 
 Co., composed of the folloAving gentlemen : Jno. J. McCann, W. 
 Hooper, Harris & Co., New York, W. H. Chadbourn, of the firm 
 of Reid, Chadbourn & Co., and H. J. Cheney. One most estimable 
 fact we remember in regard to these Mills is, that the Machinery 
 throughout their entirety, was manufactured in Nashville. The 
 Engine employed is a splendid seventy-five horse-power, with a six- 
 teen inch cylinder, and thirty inch stroke. It is one of Sault's 
 patented frictionless valve and link motion workers, and it is said 
 makes a barrel of Flour with the economical consumption of four 
 cents worth of fuel. There are four runs of stones, besides all the 
 moijerw improvements for cleaning Wheat in the Mills, and their daily 
 
204 XASHVILLE AND HER TRADE, 
 
 capacity is 2 10 barrels of Flour and 80 barrels of Meal. The Flour 
 manufactured here embraces eight brands, viz: "Swan's Down," 
 "Gold Dust," "Allen's Best," "Regulator," "Gem of the Burg," 
 "Little Beauty," "Hobson's Choice," and "Faultless." The Meal 
 is Bolted and Kiln-Dried. The present firm took charge of the 
 Mills on the first day of December last, and during the first four 
 months of their ojierations turned out exactly 11,000 barrels of Flour, 
 beside large quantities of Meal. The city office and warehouse of 
 the Jackson Mills is at Nos. 32 and 34 Broad street. 
 
 The Reservoir Mills. — This extensive concern, under the 
 control of Messrs. Massengale, Douglas & Co., Nos. 10 and 12 South 
 Market, owners and proprietors, are located in the south-eastern por- 
 tion of the City, near the City Waterworks. These Mills have a 
 fine site for the purpose for which they are adapted, and have the ad- 
 vantage of a fine river front. The Mill building is a brick structure, 
 four stories high. The Engine used is an excellent 60 horse power mover 
 with 14 inch cylinder and 24 inch stroke. This Engine was built by 
 Moore & Ellis, Nashville, and is in fine condition. The capacity of 
 the Reservoir Mills is 180 barrels of Flour each twenty-four hours. 
 Messrs. jSIassengale, Douglas & Co. do not manufacture Meal, but 
 devote their exclusive attention to the production of superior Flours. 
 During the past season they have turned out upwards of 18,000 
 barrels. They manufacture four different brands or grades, viz: 
 " Mountain Dew," "Cream of the City," " Harvest Queen," and 
 "Cumberland." The Flours of the Reservoir Mills are well and 
 favorably known, not only throughout the entire South, but aho in 
 the North and East, and their shipments, during the past year, have 
 included numerous orders from New York, Boston, Philadelphia and 
 Frovidcnce. 
 
 Dickey's Mills.— The Mills of Mr. D. D. Dickey, located at 
 the corner of Church and Front streets, is another of those large es- 
 tablishments in our City, whose business is of a most extensive na- 
 ture. This house being in convenient proximity to the centres of 
 trade, thereby enjoys a large patronage. Mr. Dickey makes a 
 specialty of Bolted and Kiln-Dried Meal. He runs a mmiber one 
 Lane &■ Bodley Engine, 30 horse-power, and has one of the com- 
 pletest sets of Meal and Flouring Machinery in the country. The 
 actual capacity of the concern is 150 barrels of Meal per diem, and 
 with the recent addition of Flouring INIachinery he is able to turn 
 out also seventy -five barrels of Flour. Dickey's Bolted and Kiln- 
 Qried Meal has grown vastly popular. The proprietor is an ex- 
 
FUKXITURE MANUFACTORIES. 205 
 
 perienced Manufacturer, and permits nothing bnt the very best article 
 to bear his brand, and in consequence, has created large demands 
 where his products were never before known, as well as riveted the 
 custom of those who had previously used them. 
 
 The West Nashville Mii-ls are located on West Cedar street, oj)- 
 posite the State Penitentiary. They are under the control of an or- 
 ganized company, and have as their Superintendent, Capt. J. K. P. 
 McFall. These Mills are well supplied both with Flouring and 
 Meal iSIachinery. They were established only a short while since, 
 but we doubt not that under the conduct of such an energetic gentle- 
 man as their worthy Superintendent they will soon attain that 
 prominence that they are entitled to. The city office of the West 
 Nashville Mills is at J. C. Wharton & Co's., No. 38 Union street. 
 
 Furniture Manufactories, 
 
 Some pages back we promised to give an account of the Furniture 
 Manufactories of Nashville, and in the course of our wanderings w^e 
 have at last arrived at its chaptei. In the outset we may remark that 
 the firms engaged in this business in Nashville are shrewd, energetic 
 and reliable, and in the prosecution of their vocations have many ad- 
 vantages and facilities. The supply of Timber, and of Walnut in par- 
 ticular, on the rich bottom-lands of the State is enormous, and the 
 quality of a superior nature, and our Manufacturers are gaining for 
 Nashville well-merited reputations for the production of fine Furni- 
 ture. The most fastidious tastes may be satisfied from goods made 
 at home and everything from Carved Wood to the less elaborate Cot- 
 tage Furniture, distinguished for excellent workmanship, high polish, 
 tasteful painting and moderate price, may be found here. 
 
 Weakley & Warren's Furniture Manufactory. — The 
 most extensive establishment for the manufacture of General Furni- 
 ture, is that of Messrs. Weakley & AVarren, at the corner of Broad 
 and High Streets. Only during 1869 was this Manufactory put un- 
 der headway, but by skillful application and proper management, as 
 well as scrupulous attention in the selection of material, workmen, 
 machinery, etc., they have succeeded in building up a ])usiness that 
 already reflects much credit upon themselves as practical Inisiness 
 men, and will undoubtedly result in a more extended trade. They 
 give employment to forty men, and have as Foreman of the IManu- 
 facturing Department Mr. Leroy Knoblaugh, of Cincinnati, a first- 
 class workman of sixteen years' experience. Their engine is of .30- 
 
F'tJRNITXJItii: ! 
 
 WEAKLEY & WAR 
 
 MAXUFACTUKEKS AND WirOLESAM-: AND IIKTAII- DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF 
 
 in TJ i^ nsT I T TJ I^ IB , 
 
 ■SPRING, CURLED-HAie, 
 
 Mofss^ Gotton-Top f& Shuck 
 
 SPRING-BED BOTTOMS, &c. 
 
 We have fitted up our Factory "with the best and most improved 
 Machinery; we emplo}^ the best Mechanics; use the best material, 
 and hence can guarantee our goods to give satisfaction. We are 
 also determined to offer such inducements as will give purchasers 
 no excuse for patronizing a foreign market. 
 
 SALESROOMS, No. 8 NORTH COLLEGE STREET, 
 Factory Cor. Broad & Higk Sts., 
 
 20G 
 
FURNITURE MANUFACTORIES — FURS. 207 
 
 horso power, and w«s made by Stewart & Geiger of Nashville. They 
 are well supplied with all the latest patented and improved machine- 
 ry needful to a well-ordered Furniture Factory — in fact, during the 
 past six months having almost doubled their facilities — are now well 
 prepared to execute orders be they ever so* extensive. This firm are 
 now making a specialty of Fine Furniture, and their elaborately furn- 
 ished Bedsteads and Bureaus and AYardrobes, set off with Mirrors 
 of the finest French Plate Looking Glass, we are of opinion, would 
 hold their own with similar goods manufactured anywhere in the 
 United States. Their Plainer and Cheaper Furniture is also especi- 
 ally recommended on account of its neatness and adaptability. 
 All kinds of Furniture, including Mahogany, Rosewood, Walnut, 
 Oak and Cherry made into Parlor, Bed-Chamber, Dining Room, 
 Hall and Office Sets are made by them and of qualities unsurpassed. 
 Their Office and Warerooms are at No. 8 North College Street. 
 
 Kaesch & Co.'s Furniture Manufactory. — This firm have 
 their Factory at the corner of Cherry and Jefferson Streets. They 
 have for some years been engaged in the business, being the succes- 
 sors to the well-known firm of Cain & Cornelius. They employ 
 thirty-eight hands in all, some of whom, however, are mere begin- 
 ners. The engine in use was made by Anderson & Ellis, Nash- 
 ville, and is equal to twenty-five horse power, and has an eight-inch 
 cylinder and twenty-four-inch stroke. Their machinery is complete, 
 while "suitable dry-rooms and fine hand Cabinet Shops are also in 
 connection with the Factory. Their capabilities lay in the follow- 
 ing numbers of plain work: 200 Bedsteads, three dozen Safes, two 
 dozen Bureaus, and two dozen Tables per week, besides a similar 
 amount of better finished goods. 
 
 Furs. 
 
 The house of Messrs. Lande & Brother, 21 Public Square, are the 
 pioneers and exclusive manufacturers of Furs in Nashville, They 
 began operations in this line some three years since, and employ 
 during the season from ten to twelve hands, mostly females. Tlie 
 Messrs. Lande import their own material in the rough and manufac- 
 ture and trim to order. Their importations embrace the Furs of the 
 Russian Sable, Canada Mink,^Hudson Bay Sable, Mink or^Ameri- 
 can Sable, Russian and Belgian Fitch, Siberian Scpiirrcl, River Mink, 
 French Cooney, and the Skins of Bear, Hudson Bay Wolf, Otter, 
 Beaver, Buffalo and Raccoon; and also buy largo (quantities of inferior 
 
208 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 grades from this aud adjoining States. These obtained, they manu- 
 facture all the latest styles of Dress Furs, such as Victorines, Tal- 
 mas, Eugenes, Muffs, Capes, Cuffs ; also, Bear and Otter Gloves and 
 Collars, besides Carriage and Sleigh Robes of Bear, Wolf, Jjiiffalo or 
 Raccoon Skins. This firm received a handsome diploma at the late 
 Tennessee State Fair for the finest display of native Furs. 
 
 Gun Powder Manufactory. 
 
 The manufacture of Gun Powder is ciirried on l^y the Sycamore 
 Manufacturing Company. Their Works arc situated about twenty- 
 three miles from Nashville, in Cheatham County, on Sycamore 
 Creek, a tributary of the Cumberland. Prior to the war these 
 Works were owned and carried on by Cheatham, Watson & Co. 
 Since the war they have passed into the hands of the Sycamore Man- 
 ufacturing Company. The Works have been entirely rebuilt and 
 furnished Avith the most improved machinery used in England or 
 America. Their present capacity is eighty kegs per day, and by an 
 addition to the rolling department of the Mills, the product can be 
 increased to two hundred kegs or five thousand pounds per day, 
 most of ihe machinery having already that cajjacity. The Gun Pow- 
 der made by this Company is a superior article. It was exhibited at 
 the late State Fair near Nashville, and after being thorougl^ly tested 
 and compared with the Dupont and Hazard Powders, Avas pronounced 
 by the committee superior to either of those brands. 
 
 The Sycamore Manufacturing Company has a capital of §150,000, 
 and by a late act of the Legislature is authorised to increase it to 
 !|300,000. In addition to the manufacture of Powder, they are now- 
 putting in machinery with a capacity sufficient to supply the Nash- 
 ville market with the wood work of Plows and Wagons and with 
 Broom Handles. For this purpose they have already erected a 
 building 120 by 30 feet and two and a half stories high, with two 
 wings. Their machinery is run by a water wheel 16 feet in diameter 
 and by a steam engine with double cylinders, the power used being 
 equal to 30-horse power. The City Office of the Sycamore Manu- 
 fiicturing Company is No. 12 Maxwell House Building, North Cher- 
 ry Street, D. Mclver & Co., General Agents. 
 
E. McIVER & CO., 
 
 tJKNKKAI, AUKNTS KlK TlIK 
 
 .MANUFACTKJIKUS ( iF 
 
 BLASTING & SFORTINGI POWDER, 
 
 OFFIC'E--Xo. 12 X. C'liorry Street. (Maxwell House.) 
 >iASH:VII.LE, - . - TENNESSEE. 
 
 fe 
 
 NASHVILLE HOOF SKIRT FACTO 
 
 -^visri3- 
 
 Ladies' Fiimisliinff House 
 
 LOVEMAN 
 
 JIANUFACTUr.l 
 
 HLOOP SKIRT 
 
 JIANUFACTUr.EllS OF 
 
 IMPOllTEliS OF 
 
 FREI^IOH 1^ OE^iVIAIM OOIRSETS. 
 
 '3 
 
 AND DKAI.KKS IN 
 
 WHITE GOODS, LINENS, LICES, HOSIER! &LABIES FURNISHM GOODS, 
 
 Human and Artificial Hair, &;c., &c., 
 
 ALSO, MAXfFACTrKEKS OF 
 
 Xo. 16 PUBI.IC SQUARE, 
 
 IsTJ^SHVILXiE, _ _ _ TE3iTn^ESSEE- 
 
 N. B.— Dealei-s supplied in small and large quantities at New York Wholesale Prices. 
 
 JAMES W. HAMILTON & SON, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND KETAIL MANL'FACTUUEKS OF 
 
 French, Calf, Kip and Heavy 
 BOOTS & SHOES, 
 
 Tanners and Dealers in Hides, Leather, &c., &c., 
 
 Xo. 2. Corner Chureh aud JIarket Streets. 
 
 JST-A.SU'VIIjLE, - - - TElSriSrESSEE. 
 
 Orders i)roniptly lilled— fjasli lor Hides. 
 
 14 209 
 
210 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 I 
 
 Hoop Skirt Manufactory. 
 
 The Hoop Skirt Manufactory of the Messrs. Loveman Brothers, 
 No. 16 Public Square, is the only house of the kind in the City, and 
 as a representative branch of Manufactures, is entitled to some con- 
 sideration. Messrs. Loveman Brothers have engaged quite success- 
 fully in this business and have been firmly established in Nashville 
 for some years, They are well prepared to make all sizes, shapes and 
 styles of the Spiral Skirt, including Panier, Plain or Gored, and 
 claim for their fabrications great elasticity and comfort in carriages 
 and crowded assemblies. They also manufacture largely for the fash- 
 ionable trade on order. Every peculiarity of form is carefully studied 
 and their Skirts are made to suit and grace the wearer. A large city 
 trade and the quantity sold to merchants annually throughout the 
 country, attest the excellence of the articles manufactured by them. 
 They turn out from forty to fifty Skirts per day, and make annually 
 upwards of 12,000 pairs. Their Corset Department is also very 
 complete, and is conducted on the same scale, and they claim to have 
 the only complete assortment South of New York City, in either 
 wholesale or retail houses. 
 
 Ice Manufactory. 
 
 Wc are pleased to note that machinery for this branch of industry 
 has been purchased, and soon will be In running order, in Nashville. 
 The enterprise is undertaken by Mr. H. T. Yaryan, and wc be- 
 lieve is an invention of his own, for which letters patent arc now 
 j)ending. The manufacture of Ice, by machinery. Is by no means a 
 new undertaking, as several Machines are In operation at different 
 cities In the United States and Europe. Heretofore the Machinery 
 has been so expensive as to almost place it beyond the means of enter- 
 prising men, with small capltid ; but by the process invented by Mr. 
 Yaryan every town of 1,000 luhabitants in the South can afford a 
 Machine. There Is no doubt but that the supplying of Ice to our 
 whole Southern country will, In a very short time, be exclusively 
 done by Machinery. The jxiople will welcome such a result with 
 pleasure, when they can obtain a constant sii[)ply of Ice without be- 
 ing dependent on fickle nature for what has become a necessity. The 
 cheap rates at which It can be sold will stinml-ate a niiicli larger con- 
 sumption, although it now rea<;lies many thousand ponnds during 
 each season, in Nashville alone. Wc wish we were at present able 
 
IRON FOUNJmiES. 211 
 
 to give the trial results of Mr. Yaryan'.s ingcnius invention; Ijut 
 to judge from the opinions expressed by various persons, we hold it 
 eminently safe to infer that it Avill be a decided success. 
 
 Iron Foundries. 
 
 Perhaps there is no other branch of Manufactures in Nashville 
 that receives more attention, or that has more capital invested in it, 
 than will be found in our Iron Foundries. Some half-a-dozen firms 
 are occupied largely in this pursuit, and their work has gained for 
 them reputations co -extensive with the South. 
 
 The "Wood" Iron Foundry. — This establishment, under the 
 proprietorship of Messrs. Wood, Simpson & Rees, was put in operation 
 during last year. The "Wood Iron Foundry" has been styled such 
 by the other members of the firm, as a compliment to the industry 
 and perseverance of their senior partner, Mr. B. G. AVood. It is 
 located on South Front street, a few doors from Broad. The foundry 
 building is convenient and spacious and has an improved Fan Cupalo, 
 together with all other necessary appurtenances for such an establish- 
 ment. They are fully prepared to mould and finish, on the most 
 satisfactory terms, and in the most satisfactory manner, all kinds of 
 Castings, from nearly every species of Engine, Mill, Agricultural 
 and Building Designs, Iron Columns, for Building Fronts, Bank 
 Vaults, Jail Cells, Sash and Door Weights, etc. They also make 
 Patterns to order. 
 
 Romans' Foundry. — The Foundry of Mr. J. B. Romans, No. 
 94 South Cherry street, is the same as the well and favorably known 
 "Anderson Foundry," and occupies the same building. Mr. Ro- 
 mans has here one of the most complete concerns in Nashville, having in 
 connection with the Foundry, departments for Brass Casting, Black- 
 smithing, Pattern Making, and an especial department for the manu- 
 facture of Mill Machinery. The Heating Cupalo in this concern 
 has capacity for 7,000 pounds of Metal to the heat. IVIr. Romans 
 gives constant employment to about thirty men, and is at all times 
 prepared to do work of the very best kind. The General Manufac- 
 tures of the establishment, are: Steam Engines, Boilers, Oil Ma- 
 chinery, Iron and Brass Castings, Shafting, Pulleys and Hangers. 
 He also makes Patterns on order, and does repairing with neatness 
 and dispatch. This establishment was partially destroyed by fire 
 during last year, but is now thoroughly reoonstructod and Cf|uippod 
 with everything needful in the business. 
 
B i^ E isr nsr ^ 1^ 
 
 IRONWORKS.FOU^ 
 
 AND 
 
 MACHINE S 
 
 T. M. Brennan 
 
 :PI^o:PI^I:ETOI^s, 
 
 MfCHiNlQL AND CONSTiiyCIii [llgl!l[[liS, 
 
 Mnnuf'actiii'orH of all kiiitlKof ^llncliiiiory. CitKUiiu-HA- Wroii^lil Iron WorU. 
 
 Froiil Street , near Broai, _^ - Ha sli7ille. Tennessee, 
 
 J . B . Pt O ]VI a; N B , 
 
 JIAXUFACTUKEIl OF 
 
 SHAM [NGIIifS, BOILfRS illD 
 
 ALL KINDS OF 
 
 Iron and Brass Castings, Shafting, Pulleys, Hangers, 
 
 And Mill Machinery furnished to Order, 
 
 PATTERN MAKING, REPAIRING done with NEATNESS k DISPATCH, 
 
 91 South Cherry Street, 
 
 Ornaxneiital Iron "Worker^a 
 
 WM.STEWA_^ .. ^^.,, 
 
 MANUFACTUKERS OF EVERY DESCRII'TIOX OF 
 
 Iron Work, Bank Doors, 
 
 JAIL WORK, PRISON CELLS. 
 Vaults and Vault Doors, 
 
 fligililif i GRATINGS, etc. 
 
 CORNER MARKET AND ASH STREETS, 
 
 NASHVILLE, 
 
 IE? 
 
 212 
 
- IRON FOUNDRIES. 213 
 
 The Bri:nxan Iron Works. — The Iron Foundry and Machine 
 Shops of T. M. & J. E. Brennan, are on Front street near Broad. 
 This establishment, one of the largest in the City, was known before 
 the Avar as tlic "Claiborne Machine Works," and did a very extensive 
 and lucrative business in first class Machinery, Architectural and Or- 
 namental Iron Works, Bridge and Railway Castings. During the 
 late unpleasantness, it suffered more than any of its sister concerns 
 in the destruction of its plant, the removal of its tools, and the gen- 
 eral dilapidation of the buildings. 
 
 The proprietors, however, having gone to work with a will to re- 
 pair damages, it is now thoroughly reconstructed and supplied with 
 new and improved Machinery, and is prepared to execute, on the 
 most advantageous terms, all orders for Stationery and Portable En- 
 gines and Boilers, Mill Gearing, Shafting, Pulleys, Water Wheels, 
 Hot and Cold Water Pumps, Water and Gas Pipes, Gas Retorts, 
 Lamp Posts, Store Fronts, Window Caps, Fencing, Bank Vaults, 
 Iron Jails and Cells, Iron Shutters, Columns and Caps, Sash Weights, 
 Hand Irons, Cast and Wrought Iron Girders, Bridge Work and 
 Railway Iron, and in fact, everything the manufacture of which Iron 
 forms a component part. 
 
 Their stock of Patterns for Architectural Work, Fencing and 
 Verandahs is very extensive and ornate. They have also facilities 
 for the manufacture of Iron Bridges and Trestle Work, which is 
 likely to supersede, to a great extent, the jx^rishablx^ material now so 
 generally in use. 
 
 The College Hill Iron Works. — The College Hill Iron 
 Works, at the corner of Castleman and Filmore streets, fronting 453 
 feet on Fillmore and 285 on Castleman, were purchased by the present 
 proprietor, Mr. S. E. Jones, in 1863, but were sold by him to the Phoe- 
 nix Manufacturing Company, in March 1867. Business, however, 
 was suspended here from November, 1867, until January 1, 1869, 
 when Mr. Jones again bought the concern, and has had it in oi)era- 
 tion ever since. Tliese works have capacity for employing 150 men 
 in all its de})artments. Tlie Foundry has a Mouldering floor of 
 5,000 square feet, and can employ twenty-five moulders, besides la- 
 borers, furnace men, stove mounters; etc. The business consists of 
 every descrij)tion of Foundry Work, Castings for Steam Engines, 
 Mill Gearing, Ornamental and Architectural Castings, Stoves and 
 Hollow M'are, in fact, every description of Castings, from the heavi- 
 est to the lightest. There were furnished to the United States Gov- 
 ernment, in 1864, 8175,000 of Castings alone, from this Foundry. 
 
214 NASHVILLE AND IIEli TRADE. 
 
 Since that time imj)oi'tant and extensive additions and improvements 
 have been added, among others a Machine-Shop, 150 feet by 35 feet, 
 with twenty-horse power Engine and first-class Machinery, lor build- 
 ing Steam Engines of every size and power. Excepting the Railroad 
 Machine Shops, we have here the largest and heaviest Machinery in 
 the City; the Steam Cylinder for the Brownsport Furnace Blast En- 
 gine recently made here, weighed nearly 3,000 pounds. This 
 Machine Shop is now controlled by Mr. C. H. Dreyer. Mr. Jones 
 is also making a specialty of Cast Rustic Seats, Vases, Urns, etc., for 
 the beau tifi cation and adornment of gardens. 
 
 D. Giles & Co's. Iron Foundry. — At No. 35 South College 
 street may be found the Iron Foundry of Messrs. David Giles and 
 C. B. Isbester doing business under the firm name of D. Giles & Co. 
 This establishment gives employment to some seventeen men. Their 
 Cupalo is thirty-six inches in diameter, and is capable of melting 
 down three tons of Metal per hour. Messrs. Giles & Co. are Manu- 
 flicturers of all kinds of Hollow-ware, Sash Weights, Boiler Fronts 
 and Grate Bars, Gearing and Mill Castings. They also manufacture 
 Patterns, and do Mill Wrighting to order. This firm makes a spe- 
 cialty of Hollow-ware Castings, and their Ovens, Skillets, Pots, 
 etc., are well known by many dealers in the South, and highly re- 
 commended on account of their durability. 
 
 Ornamental Iron Works. — Messrs. Wm. Stewart & Son, at 
 the corner of Market and Ash streets, have an establishment for the 
 exclusive manufacture of all kinds of Ornamental Iron Work, such 
 for instance, as Bank Doors, Jail Work, Prison Cells, Vaults and 
 Vault Doors, Wrought and Cast Iron Railings, Fencing, Grating 
 and indeed every article of that class, in a high state of perfection. 
 They have recently added a Foundry department to their other busi- 
 ness. 
 
 Leather Manufactories. 
 
 It need not be again remarked that there are several large and ex- 
 cellent Tanneries located in the vicinity of Nashville. These con- 
 cerns are well j^rcpared to do all manner of Avork. Several of them 
 are run by steam and are fitted up complete with all the latest ma- 
 chinery known to Tanners. There are perhaps at least one third 
 more employes engaged at these Tanneries than were employed one 
 year since. But the demand for Nashville-made Leather, is growing 
 so rapidly that with all this additional force our Manufacturers will 
 soon be compelled to procure more assistance. 
 
LEATHER MANUFACTORIES. 215 
 
 Hamilton & Cunningham's Tannery — Is located on the Nasli- 
 ville & Nortlnvcstcrn Railroacl, just beyond the City limits. It has 
 been in very successful operation for nearly three years, and is the 
 largest Tannery in this section. The main building is 100 by 125 
 feet. It is fitted up with a forty-horse power engine, and is well pro- 
 vided with all modern machinery. They use the Double Grinding 
 Union Bark Mill, which grinds a cord of Bark per hour. AVarm 
 water is used in bleaching, and the bark liquor is run off into a shal- 
 low cooling vat, forty by twenty feet, where it is cooled before being 
 ntn into the tan vat. This firm uses no chemicals or patent process 
 for Tanning, but rely upon constant handling during the earlier stages 
 for expediting the Tanning process. On the same floor with the en- 
 gine is the Hide Mill, which mills or softens Dry Hides at a great 
 saving of time and labor; also a Steam Power Brass Roller, for roll- 
 ing Sole Leather, and a patent Splitting Machine, by which they save 
 the Splits in a useful shape, which by the old process of hand shaving 
 are curried off and wasted. These Splits they ship to Boston to be 
 worked up into cheap shoes. This Tannery is constructed for the 
 manufacture of all kinds of Stock, but at present they are making 
 mostly Skirting, Harness and Bridle Leathers, in the production of 
 which they have undoubtedly been very successful, and claim to make 
 an article equal in quality to any brought from the North. They 
 also make Oak Sole, Kip and Calf Skins and Upper Leathers. They 
 use only Chestnut Oak Bark, of which they consume 1,000 cords per 
 annum, producing about 20,000 Sides of Leather. Messrs. Hamilton 
 & Cunningham at present employ about thirty or thirty-five men. 
 The City Office and Warerooms of Messrs. Hamilton & Cunningham 
 are at No. 23 Public Square. 
 
 Lumsden's Tannery.— The Tannery of J. Lumsden & Co. is 
 located on Brovru's Creek, about half a mile south of the City. Pre- 
 vious to the war this was- by far the largest establishment of the kind 
 in this vicinity, and had capacity for turning out 30,000 Sides annu- 
 ally. At present they are only running up to about one-fifth their 
 capacity, but are increasing their force yearly, and expect soon to get 
 back to their old status. They employ a 20-horse power engine and 
 have their works well supplied with all the latest mechanical appli- 
 ances in Tannery. Their Pumps, Hollers and Bark Grinders are the 
 best in use. They manufacture Sole Leather almost exclusively. 
 They sell to the home market almost their entire products — in fact, 
 so well known are their Leathers that it is almost impossible for 
 them to keep well supplied. Manufacturing none but the very best 
 
21(5 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 article, tlioy have a reputation that they should be })rou(l of. Messrs. 
 J. Lumsden ct Co. have an Office and Warehouse at 22 and 24 South 
 Market Street. 
 
 liiTTERER's Tannery. — The Tannery of Mr. C. A. Litterer, 
 dealer in Hides, Leather, etc., No. 25 South Market Street, is located 
 on South Front Street, between Jefferson and Madison. This Tan- 
 nery has capacity for 5,000 Sides per annum. These comprise a full 
 assortment of the very best Harness, Skirting, Kip, Calf and Upper 
 Leathers, and in the various manufactures attempted by him Mr. 
 Litterer has shown exj)erience and efficiency surpassed by but few. 
 
 There are several other Tanneries in or near the City, the most 
 prominent of which are those of J. P. Locke & Co. and S. Steinau, 
 both located in the northern suburbs. 
 
 Linseed and Cotton Seed Oil. 
 
 Until a very recent period — probably not more than two or three 
 years since — but very little knowledge was possessed by the people of 
 the South regarding the value of Cotton Seed, and the adaptation of 
 the various constituents gained from analyzation thereof, to numer- 
 ous offices in the world of Manufactures, which the inventor's genius 
 and the toiling scientific researcher has so beautifully developed, 
 little did the Southern Farmer ever dream in times agone of the 
 great store of wealth that was contained in an article which at best 
 was used only as "rough food " for cattle, and in many instances con- 
 sidered but little better than " waste." But the car of progress in its 
 triumphal route rolled round this way, and the simple rules of econ- 
 omy, linked with simple chemical research, has discovered and 
 brought to light a most happy result. As a matter of course such a 
 result has set the inventive world to thinking, and is now engaging 
 the attention of many persons not only in the United States but 
 throughout Europe. From the component parts of Cotton Seed the 
 following articles are attained : Cotton Seed Oil, Cotton Seed Cakes, 
 and Cotton Seed Meal. The two latter are used for cattle food, and 
 are said by practical experimenters to be exceedingly nutritive and 
 decidedly cheaper than anything yet discovered. The Oil is used for 
 various purposes. When worked with Linseed Oil and boiled with 
 oxidizing agents, it replaces for painting purposes the Linseed Oil 
 itself, and being cheaper, no doubt will be more extensively used. 
 C. Widemann, Chemist, Paris, France, in a lengthy article regarding 
 Cotton Seed and its properties, addressed to the Scientific American 
 
Are buying COTTON SEED all seasons of the year, and furnisliing 
 Bags to shii). Sell your Seed and do not throw them away. 
 
 ? 
 
 J. E. O'SHAUGHNESSEY & CO., have always on hand a large 
 supply of pure Eaw Bone-dust, for Fertilizing, with full instructions 
 for usinij. 
 
 
 The "NASHVILLE LINSEED OIL CO.MPANY" manuiaeture 
 and havealwaj^s on hand No. 1 Putt}^ put up in Cans and Bladders, 
 Avhich they will sell at prices to defy competition, at Nashville. 
 
 NASHVILLE LINSEED OIL COMPANY manufactui-e and 
 have always on hand, a large supply of Cotton-Seed Meal, the best 
 known feed for cattle. 
 
 J. F. O^SHAn^HiyfElSSY & GO.7 
 
 Buy and sell un Cuniiuissiuii, all kinds ol' 
 
 Grain? Hay, Cotton and Produce. 
 
 J. F. O'SHAUGHNESSEY & CO., 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 217 
 
218 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 of February 5, 1870, says : " It is very difficult to ascertain the ex- 
 act yield of Oil produced, and this yield varies a great deal accord- 
 ing as the Seed is of better or poorer quality and richness, according 
 to the weather of the season in which it has been sown, dry weather 
 giving a smaller Seed but richer in Oil. From ray own experience 
 I shall take the following figures : For 2,000 pounds Cotton Seed, or 
 1 ton, Cotton from the last ginning, 21 pounds; husks, 979 pounds; 
 Meal, yielding from 32 to 36 gallons of Oil, 270 pounds; Cakes, at 
 7| pounds per gallon, 730 pounds. Total, 2,000 pounds." 
 
 Thus it will be seen that the grandest achievements are attained in 
 the utilization of this peculiarly Southern product. Upon the heels, 
 as it were, of such an important discovery, v/e find the establishment 
 of an extensive Manufactory in our City for its further development, 
 and whose workings wc will now proceed to detail. 
 
 Nashville Linseed and Cotton Seed Oil Works. — This 
 establishment, under the control of a Joint Stock Company, has been 
 in operation under a charter from the Tennessee Legislature about 
 one and a half years. The Works are located at the corner of High 
 Street and Grove Alley, and occupies near a square of ground within 
 its enclosure. The Works are owned and controlled by Messrs. 
 W. W. Crawford, IMichael J. O'Shaughnessy, A. Brandies and J. F. 
 O'Shaughnessy, and is officered as follows : W. W. Crawford, Presi- 
 dent; M. J. O'Shaughnessy, Secretary and Treasurer; and J. F. 
 O'Shaughnessy General Superintendent. The buildings used are 
 very extensive, their Warerooms having capacity for the reception of 
 at least 1,000 tons of Seed at once. To give a brief idea as to the 
 modus operandi, we will take the Seed after its reception. From the 
 the Wareroom it is carted into an adjoining apartment where it is 
 thrown into a huge cylindrical wire sifter, capable of holding 20 
 tons, where the Seed is freed from all foreign matters. It is next 
 carried by elevators to the third story where it is delivered to two 
 Linters of the Carver patent. This is the re-ginning process, and it 
 would be surprising to many to know the amount of Cotton that is 
 obtained from the Seed. Next the Seed descends to the second story 
 where one of Callahan's patent Hullers is at work. This Huller, as 
 its name indicates, separates the hulls from the kernels, and which 
 separation is perfected by consigning them to a blower or cleaner. 
 Thence the hulls are sent to the engine-room to be used for fuel, (and 
 which we arc informed meet the requirements both for economy and 
 use), while th# Kernels are carried to Grinding Mills and crushed by 
 Rollers. The crushing completed and the Meal coming out fine, it 
 
LINSEED AND COTTON SEED OIL. 219 
 
 is next placed in Heaters, and upon this operation depends both the 
 yield of Oil and "its quality, a certain temperature making the Oil 
 finer and giving it a taste very like Olive Oil.* The Meal is next 
 put in little bags and then placed in either of four huge Hydraulic 
 Presses, each Press with two and a half tons power to the square 
 inch. In connection with the Presses is one of Callahan's Hydraulic 
 Pumps with six plungers. The Oil extracted by means of this im- 
 mense pressure runs through pipes to a series of wrought iron Tanks, 
 and from thence to a huge Refinery in an adjoining apartment. The 
 capacity of the Tanks and llefineiy is 12,000 gallons, all processes 
 counted. The Cakes, after being thoroughly pressed, are taken out, 
 stripped of their bagging, and are then stacked up for drying. After 
 being sufficiently dried, they are then packed in bags for shipment to 
 Europe, or for sale to this section. Our farmers would do well to 
 supply themselves with this valuable food for stock, as it undoubted- 
 ly possesses marked advantages over the Seed in the hull. 
 
 To give an idea as to the immense benefit accruing to this section 
 of country from such an establishment, we were informed that these 
 Works have capacity for using G,000 tons of Cotton Seed per annum, 
 for which they would pay the farmers of this and adjoining States not 
 less than $72,000, or an average of $12 per ton. This fact alone is 
 of sufficient importance to engage the attention of all who delight in 
 the practice of that happy faculty— economy. To run the machinery 
 of the Works an engine of 40-horse power is used, and employment 
 given to about forty persons. The capacity of the Works with this 
 force is equal to 600 gallons of Oil per day or 180,000 gallons per 
 year, counting only 300 working days. 
 
 The Company is also prepared for the manufacture of Linseed Oil, 
 and since the processes are somewhat similar to those already de- 
 scribed, we will omit extended mention thereof. They have gone 
 about the matter with good will, and to induce farmers to pay more 
 attention to the cultivation of Linseed in the eminently adapted soil 
 of Tennessee, are loaning Seed to all tliose desirous of propagating 
 such a crop, the product in turn to be sold to the Company at a rea- 
 sonable profit. This plan is meeting with much favor as the in- 
 creased business of 1869 over the year previous fully attested. 
 
 In another place will be found an account of the Bone Fertilizer 
 Works, located on the same site and under the control of the same 
 
 * "In Marseilles, Avhere labor is cheap, the Meal is firsf pressed cold, as the Oil 
 obtained thus is very fine, posses.sing a very sweet taste like Olive Oil, and may be 
 used like the latter for the table."— Widemaxn 
 
220 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Company. AVe also have it from good authority that during the 
 year they will establish in connection with the other departments ex- 
 tensive Soap "Works and a Putty Manufactory, the latter capable of 
 turning out 2,000 pounds of Putty per diem. 
 
 Marble and Freestone Works, 
 
 INIarble and Freestone are both, of late, coming so extensively in 
 use in Nashville, either for objects of ornamentation or as building 
 materials, that the business involves considerations of no little im- 
 portance. It always gives us great pleasure to record any advance in 
 Manufactures in Nashville, be it ever so little, and in this particular 
 we are greatly gratified, for well can we remember the old, slow- 
 coach, jog-trot style of working up these wonderful geological products- 
 Recently there has been vast improvement in the business, and steam, 
 "the mighty mover of wonders," is made to perform miracles in the 
 Phidean art. There are now in Nashville quite a number of yards 
 in which Marble is worked into various styles and ornamental forms; 
 but these work hand-power alone. The only establishment employ- 
 ing Steam being the "Steam Marble and Freestone Works" of Messrs. 
 Swan & Brown, No. 33 North Summer street. We do notexagger- 
 ate, when we say that this firm since their adoption of steam power, 
 some four years back, has iniased new life into the trade, and done 
 more in retainins; the business here than all the others combined. 
 The employment of Steam Power does not mean that !Marble-work 
 in toto is done by this power, but, that the heavier portions, such 
 for instance, as salving and rubbing of huge blocks of Marble is easily 
 accomplished, while in finer work it requires a practiced eye and a 
 cunning hand to trace in stone the delicate lineaments designed. To 
 do their heavier work, Messrs. Swan & Brown are provided with a 
 Steam Engine twenty-five horse power, which runs some twenty Saws, 
 and when tested, can cut through 100 cubic feet of Stone per diem. 
 There are also in this establishment Boring Machines, for making in- 
 dentations in Pedestals and work of that class. Also a large Pe- 
 volving Rubbing Bed, made of Cast Iron, twelve feet in diameter 
 and weighing 12,000 pounds. This Bed, when properly braced, 
 makes seventy-five revolutions per minute, and, as we have been in- 
 formed, can do more work in one day than twenty men. These, and 
 other facilities, enable INIessrs. Swan & Brown to do a large amount 
 of work. They impoi-t their Marble direct from the quarries of Italy 
 in large blocks; also, import the Scotch Granite, while they have 
 
PETER SWAN. 
 
 THTTN BROWN. 
 
 WN 
 
 > 
 
 S T EAM 
 
 MARBLE & FREE STONE 
 
 WORK 
 
 MOMMENTS. TABLETS. STATUARY, 
 
 MillBK MiHIUS, TlBl 
 
 lU lOPS, 
 
 ALL KINDS OF 
 
 BUILDING AND GRATE YARD \YORIv 
 
 NEATLY AND PROMPTLY EXECUTED, 
 
 No. 33 NORTH SUMMER STREET. 
 
 221 
 
222 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 unsurpassed facilities for obtaining American Marble of all kinds, 
 Vermont Granite, and the beautiful Variegated Marble of our own 
 noble old commonwealth. They also work up a considerable amount of 
 Native Sand Stone, quarried within sight of Nashville, and which is 
 coming rapidly into favor for building purposes. East Tennessee 
 Marble is also fast gaining admirers and is so highly prized in some cities 
 of the North as to command eight and ten dollars per cubic foot. 
 Messrs. Swan & Brown manufacture all kinds of Monuments, 
 Tombs, Statuary, Marble Table and Bureau Tops, and all classes 
 of Building and Grave Yard AYork. They employ, during the 
 season, about forty-five men, and it has been their practice, not only 
 to secure the best native and foreign artists in Carving and Designing, 
 but to stimulate their ambition by rewards and liberal remuneration. 
 The fruits of their enterprise in this respect may be seen in the beau- 
 tiful forms designed by them for many buildings, public and private, 
 in our City, while in Monumental Art, their triumphs are written not 
 only in the Cemeteries of Nashville, but on the Mausoleums and rest- 
 ing places of the dead throughout the South, from Tennessee to 
 Texas. 
 
 The other Marble Workers in the City have their yards loc^ited as 
 follows: D. C. Coleman, 31 South College street; Parkinson & Co., 
 68 Church street; and J. P. Shane, corner Vine and Church streets. 
 
 Mattress Manufactories. 
 
 In former days, in this City, and at jiresent in most other cities, 
 the business of Upholstery might be found carried on under the same 
 roof with that of Cabinet Making or Furniture. In some instances 
 in this City, the same may be remarked, but, as we grow and expand, 
 division and sub-division of labor is being brought about, and Mat- 
 tress-making, for the most part, now engages the time and attention 
 of seperate and distinct firms, w^ho pay particular care in the selec- 
 tion of the best materials, and in turning out work that is unsur- 
 passed in any city. 
 
 Geo. Leasciier's Mattrf:ss Manufactory. — The Mattress 
 Manufactory of Geo. Leaschcr, at No. 33 South College street, is an 
 old and well established concern. It gives employment to some 
 eight persons. Their work is confined to hand-power alone, but 
 they make about twenty Mattresses per day, of all kinds. Mr. 
 Leascher recently made the excellent Spring and Hair Mattresses 
 now in use at the Maxwell House, which have received the liigliest 
 commendations of both proprietors and guests. 
 
Leasclier So Miller, 
 
 Atsl) DEALEK8 IX 
 
 AL L K I N D S 
 
 OOR.PATEKT 
 
 Cleanest, 
 
 DDRABLE 
 
 OF BEDDING. 
 ■STEEL SPRlNa 
 
 ^"Say 
 
 IIIOM 
 
 Easiest, 
 
 KOW IN USE, 
 
 Xo. 11 North College Street, betiyeesa Ciiureln A' Union, 
 
 ^^T-A.SI3:■VIILIJE, . - - tehntzstessee. 
 
 laniifactorcr and Wtiolesale and Retail Dealer in 
 
 9 m JLyL.^JB.;^JS^I^^ ^f^^nlf 
 
 jVo. 47 IV. Market Street, between Union asid ilic Square, 
 
 NASHVILLE, - TENNESSEE. 
 
 223 
 
224 NASHVILLE AXD HER THADE. 
 
 Leascher & Miller's Mattress Manufactory. — So rapidly 
 and extensive has this business grown of late, that a new house — tlie 
 one that heads this paragraph — has been opened, at No. 11 North 
 College street. The large warerooms occui^ied by them are in a cen- 
 tral locality, and are well adapted for such purposes. The senior 
 member of the firm is Mr. Geo. Leascher, an old and favorably known 
 Mattress Manufacturer of twenty years experience, in this City, who is 
 also sole proprietor of the establishment before mentioned. The 
 junior member, Mr. E. H. Miller, is a thorough going business man, 
 and understands IMattress-making perfectly. This firm have under 
 their control Steam Hackling Machines, and employ, in all, fifteen 
 persons. They are also sole agents and Manufacturers, in Tennessee, 
 with privilege of selling in Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Ken- 
 tucky, of the greatly improved and patented Gaffncy & Dunk's 
 Spring Bed Bottom, which is being rapidly introduced into all sec- 
 tions of the South, and is meeting with general favor. 
 
 The Southern Mattress Manufactory.— Among exclusive Up- 
 holsterers, we find the establishment of D. A. Cole & Son, 227 South 
 Cherry street, which is known as the Southern Mattress Manufactory. 
 Their factory is run by a six-horse power Engine, and their Machi- 
 nery consists of Steam Carding and Hackling Machines. Four 
 workmen are employed, and almost all styles of Spring, Cotton, 
 Hair, Wool and Shuck Mattresses are made. 
 
 In addition to these, Messrs. Weakley & Warren, No, 8 North 
 College street, have in connection with iheir Furniture Manufactory 
 a first class department for Mattress Work. They also do the very 
 best kind of General Upholstery, and have in their employ workmen 
 well-up in all the latest styles and improvements. Their various 
 kinds of Spring, Curled Hair, Cotton-top, Moss and Shuch Mattres- 
 ses are well and favorably known, not only in the local market, but 
 in all portions of the Southern Country. They also manufacture a 
 superior kind of Spring Bed Bottoms, which is destined to have a 
 successful run. 
 
 Mill Stone Manufactory. 
 
 The only Mill Stone Manufactory at present in the City is that of 
 P. M. Ryan, No. G7 South College street. This establishment has 
 been in operation in Nashville for quite a number of years, and most 
 of the Mills in this, and immediate vicinity have been supplied with 
 complete sets of Stones by jNIr. Ryan. He imports his Burr Stones 
 
MINERAL WATER MANUFACTORI^S. 225 
 
 direct from France, and consequently is prepared to oxeeiito orders 
 on the most advantageous terms. Five men arc employed here con- 
 stantly, and about forty finished Stones turned out annually. These 
 range in size from eighteen to forty-six inches in diameter, and in 
 weight from 200 to 3,500 pounds each. Mr. Ryan also manufac- 
 tures his own Frames, as well as all other aj)purtenances needful in 
 this connection. 
 
 Mineral Water Manufactories. 
 
 The ^Mineral Water business of Nashville is divided into two dis- 
 tinct departments, viz : the Manufacture of Artificial jSIineral Waters 
 as a beverage, and the Bottling of Natural Mineral Waters for med- 
 icinal purposes. We may remark, however, that the Beverage ^Mineral 
 AVaters are claimed by the Manufacturers to contain also many medi- 
 cinal qualities, and no doubt they do, if their popularity be a test of 
 their excellence. Passing to the consideration of these establisli- 
 ments, in a more definite account, we come first to 
 
 McCormack's Mineral Water JNIanufactory, which is the 
 sole house of the class in Nashville. It is located at No. 105 South 
 C.'herry street, and has in connection ample premises for the conduct 
 of the business. Messrs. McCormack & Co. have engaged in this 
 pursuit in Nashville for quite a number of years, and by strict at- 
 tention and fidelity to it, have raised their products to the prominence 
 of standard beverages in many cities of the South. Their Liquids 
 embrace superior qualities of Mineral Water, Sarsaparilla, Porter and 
 Ale. They employ Bernard's improved Silver-lined Generating Sys- 
 tem and use the best and purest ingredients. Their Ale is from the 
 best Pittsburg Breweries. This they bottle, and claim that the sys- 
 tem gives additional strength to its taste as the Liquid undergoes a 
 second fermentation. They also have Bottling Machines, whose 
 workings they have reduced down to a point of nicety. They have 
 two of these Machines, each capable of Bottling 500 dozen Bottles 
 per day. This establishment gives employment, during the Summer 
 months, to some fifteen or twenty men, but do not run so extensively 
 in AVinter, as their Liquids have greater sale in warm weather, and 
 are, for the most part, intended as Summer Beverages. For families 
 tlie Bottled Liquors are unexcelled, and many persons use them reg- 
 ularly everyyear in this City ; and to Saloons and Drug Houses, in 
 any portions of the South, Messrs. McCormack & Co. are i)repared 
 to furnish them fresh, reliable and cheaj), in large or small (quantities. 
 15 
 
crisro. "VT". n^noi^TOi^r, ive. id., 
 
 IPormerly Chiel of AiHillery, Forresffi Ca-valx-y Corps. 
 
 DEALERS IN PUKK 
 
 DRUGS, CHEMICALS, TOILET, ARTICLES, etc, etc, 
 
 ISo. 17 Public Square, 
 
 AGENTS FOK 
 
 TIEMAN'S SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS, 
 
 BULLOCK & CRENSHAW'S SUGAR COATED PiLLS, etc., etc., etc. 
 
 — ^ 1 - « ^^ 
 
 SPECIAL ATTENTION PAID TO PHYSICIANS' 011I>EKS 
 
 W. C. McMURRY, Prescriptionist. 
 
 "FROST KWC" SODA * 
 
 (From Mathews' Premium Soda Apparatus,) 
 
 KISSMEN, VISCHY, S£ 
 
 AND OTIIEK 
 
 lu Glass Syplions, furnished to Families and Saloons. 
 XAXrRAI. SPRII^G WATERS, FRESH, IN BOTTI.ES, 
 
 FROM 
 
 Saratoia. AUegliaiiy, Eel SnlpHur, Epsom. Bailey aud Hiirricaue Spriiiis 
 
 Beino- Agents for these highly popular Medicinal Waters, we are 
 able tolurnish them by WHOLESALE, at greatly reduced prices, 
 and can fill orders from all parts of the country. 
 
 Special Agents for J.KNOX'S Celebrated Small Feuits, cra- 
 bracino- the largest variety of Grapes, Easpberries, Gooseberries, Cur- 
 rants Asparagus and Rhubarb Roots, and the most extensive selec- 
 tion of sLwberries in America. W. W. ICNOX'S FRESH GAR- 
 DEN SEED, in season. 
 
 Catalogues and Price Eist Sent on Application. 
 
 jnO. W, MORTOM ^ CO« 
 
 22G 
 
OIL REFINEHIES, 227 
 
 Jxo. ^\. Morton & Go's. Mineral Waters. — The other 
 Mineral Waters sold in Nashville are the Natural INIedicinal AA'aters 
 put up in Bottles. Messrs. Jno. W. Morton & Co., Druggists, Xo. 
 17 Public Square, have made a specialty of this business, and arc 
 the Agents for a number of the most famous Sulphur and 3Iineral 
 Waters in the world. Their Kissingen, Vichy, Congress, Seltzer 
 and Pyrmont Mineral Spring Waters, carefully prepared in Glass 
 Fountains, from the Salts, as manufactured by Patterson & Brazau, 
 they have on draught, and furnish to families in Glass Syphons. Also 
 the famous Waters from the Sulphur and Mineral Springs of Red 
 Sulphur, Epsom, and Hurricane Springs, Tennessee; Alleghany 
 Springs, Virginia, and Bailey Springs, Alabama. These latter can 
 be had of Messrs. Morton & Co. in Bottles, fresh all seasons of the 
 year. This house has also a number of other specialties, prominent 
 among which are : Tieman's Surgical Instruments, Bullock & Cren- 
 shaw's Sugar Coated Pills, and Mathew's well-known Premium 
 " Frost King Soda Water" and Apparatus. They are also the exclu- 
 sive dealers, in Nashville, in W. W. Knox's Fresh Garden Seeds, 
 and J. Knox's celebrated Small Fruits. 
 
 Oil Refineries. 
 
 The Tennessee Oil Refinery, situated about two miles from Nash- 
 ville, on the Nolensville Pike, has been in operation about three 
 years. The enterprise is conducted by a Company of gentlemen liv- 
 ing in this City, and superintended by Mr. H. T. Yaryan. Since its 
 erection about 20,000 barrels of Crude Petroleum have been refined 
 and valued at §300,000 — all of which is the production of Tennes- 
 see. Their W^ells are situated in Overton County, and until the past 
 few months have been exceedingly productive. They have attracted 
 the attention of Pennsylvania Oil operators, who are now securing 
 all the available land in that County. Having exhausted three AVclls 
 the Company are prosecuting the work of boring a fresh AYell with 
 commendable energy. The Oil is transported from the Wells to Mc- 
 Minnville by wagons, from whence it comes to Nashville by rail. 
 The Southwestern Railroad as projected and being built will run 
 within two miles of the AVells, and when finished will save at least 
 fifty miles of wagon transportation. There is no enterprise ever un- 
 dertaken in our State which deserves more of the support and aid of 
 our citizens than this one. The consumjition of Petroleum has 
 grown to an enormous extent and has made the article a Staple i n 
 
228 NASHVILLE AND ITER TRADE. 
 
 our markets. The success of this Coiii])any will jn-obubly lie a key 
 to the further prosperity of the Oil business in this State. 
 
 Paper Manufactories. 
 
 As a natural consequence of the extent of the Publishing interests 
 of Nashville, we have here also large establishments either engaged in 
 the manufacture of Paper in immediate proximity to the City or man- 
 ufacturing in an adjoining County and having this as their point of 
 distribution. But we are not very anxious to extend our notes be- 
 yond what may be deemed strictly Home llanufactures, and in ar- 
 riving at this conclusion we may say that the difficulty of arranging 
 the Paper Business under its proper headings has perhaps given us 
 more trouble than any one other department of our labor. To illus- 
 trate, we may say that Paper Manufacturers are first to be dealt with, 
 and then there are Book Binders and Blank Book IVfanufacturers, 
 and Paper Bag Manufacturers, who come seeking places and must bo 
 accommodated. We might also remark that the Publishing Houses 
 come legitimately in this connection, but detailed accounts of which 
 we will reserve for another place. Regarding the Paper made by the 
 Mills here and supplying Nashville, we ciui speak in the highest 
 terms. Its smoothness and fineness of quality are such well-estab- 
 lished facts that many of the Printing establishments of the City are 
 furnished entirely by them. Especially is this^ the case with Ncios 
 Paper, while in the finer kinds of Book Material our Manufacturers, 
 although but new in its production, are gaining considerable head- 
 way and precedence over all competitors. 
 
 The Rock City Paper Mills. — These Mills, located on Brown's 
 Creek, at the crossing of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, be- 
 yond the City limits, are under the control of a regularly organized 
 Company, with the following officers : S. M. Scott, President ; R. 
 H. Patten, Secretary and Treasurer ; and J. W. Thomas, Superin- 
 tendent. Some twenty-five or thirty hands are required to manipu- 
 late the Mills. Two steam engines, one of 100-horse power and the 
 other of 25-horse power, are used. In the manufacture of Paper 
 they use Rags, Straw and various other ingredients, the most promi- 
 nent of which is Sorghum Cane. When it is required to make Paper 
 the ^composition is first cut up by machinery, then boiled twenty-four 
 hours into a pulp by the Boiling Apparatus, next run through the 
 Grinding Machine and ground into a finer pulp. From the Grind- 
 ing Machine it is conducted to a large Cistern underground, capable 
 
BOOKSELLERS, 
 
 Stationers, Book Binders, 
 
 iVND- 
 
 NTERS, 
 
 Iffo. 48 UlfflOIff STRKET, 
 
 NASHVILLE, 
 
 BOOKS — Wo (leiil extensively in Law, Medical, School and Mis- 
 cellaneous Books, all of whicli wc sell at Eastern prices. 
 
 STATIONERY— Staple an<l Fancy Stationery of every kind, 
 for Office. Scliool, and general use. 
 
 BOOK BIXDIXCI— Books of every description bound in the 
 most elegant manner. 
 
 BLAXK BOOKS of every description manufactured to order, of 
 the Best ^Material and Workmanship, on Short Notice and at Low 
 Prices. 
 
 BOOK AND JOB PRINTING— Cards, Circulars, Bill-Heads, 
 Note-Heads, Labels, Envelopes, Bills Lading, Eeceipts, etc., executed 
 in the Highest Style of the Art, and at Lowest Rates. 
 
 229 
 
arshall & Bruce, 
 
 ANK BOOK 
 
 ANUFACTURERS, 
 
 « S^8 Deaderick Street^i 
 
 NASHVILLE, - - - TENNESSEE. 
 
 S. M. SCOTT, Prcs't. R. H. PATTEN, Hcc'v and Trcas- 
 
 S90I SITY PAPER MILLS COMPANY, 
 
 INasliville, - - Tennessee. 
 
 MAXUFxVCTUREES AXD DEALEKS IN ALL KINDS OF 
 
 ^ .A P 
 
 INCLUDING 
 
 ^ 
 
 BOOK, NEWS, WRAPPING &MANILLA 
 
 Office, No, 6 North Market Street, near corner Church. 
 
 Cash, for "Rags, R o^p'eTa n d • G u'liii i e s . 
 
 230 
 
PAPER MAXUFACTUREES. 
 
 231 
 
 of lioldiiig 500 barrels of water. In this Cistern the pulp is agitated 
 by machinery, and pumped from there into large Vats. From these 
 Vats it is allowed to float on a fine Brass Wire Cylinder, which pro- 
 cess forms the Paper. Thence it is conducted to the felt and from 
 the felt to the steam Dryers. These Dryers are seven large Iron 
 Drums, four feet in Diameter, where, after being thoroughly dried, 
 it is taken through five heavy cylinders called Calenders, which 
 presses out all lumps and gives the Paper a smooth surface. From 
 these Calenders it is next passed to a Cutter at the rate of 75 feet 
 per minute, where it is cut into Sheets. 
 
 The capacity of these T^Iills may be set down at 5,000 pounds of 
 Paper per day, embracing Wrapping, Printing, Manilla and Blot- 
 ting Papers; indeed all kinds save AYriting and Tissue. An item of 
 interest may be in the fixct that they use daily as much as a car load 
 of coal, and work up six tons of Sorghum Cane per day. The latter 
 article, it is said, is becoming vastly popular with Paper Makers, its 
 durability and fitness being greater than any other kind of Cane or 
 
 even Straw in use. 
 
 Paper Bag Manufactory.— Even in the Manufacture of Paper 
 Bags we have here in this City a concern of no inconsiderable im- 
 portance. ^Ye allude to the Cloth and Paper Bag Manufactory of 
 Edward S. Jones, at 15 South Market Street. Mr. Jones embarked 
 in this business in Nashville some three or four years since, and has 
 been so successful as to control nearly the entire trade of this section. 
 In the Manuflicturing Department he employs from twelve to fifteen 
 persons, and runs four large Sewing :Machines, which are driven by 
 means of a water-power engine, supplied with a motive power by 
 large water-pipes connected with street mains from the City Keser- 
 voit'. The capacity of this Manufactory per day is 2,000 Corn Bur- 
 laps or 4,000 Flour Sacks, besides from 10,000 to 15,000 Paper Bags 
 of various sizes-, viz.: 12i, 24| and 49 pounds respectively. This 
 Manufactory, during the year 1869, turned out, as its books will 
 show, upwards of 450,000 of these Bags of the kinds we have 
 mentioned. 
 
 BOOK BINDEKIES AND BLANK BOOK MANUFACTORIES. 
 
 The Book Binderies and Blank Book INIanufactories of ^'a.-hville, 
 on the whole, are of greater magnitude perhaps than any other city 
 South of the Ohio River. These establishments are provided with 
 all the latest improved machinery in Book Binding and Blank Book 
 Manufacturing, and have great facilities for prosecuting their work. 
 
232 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Tliere are four establishments engaged in the business here, each one 
 employing persons whose whole numerical strength aggregates no little. 
 Either of these establishments, we are of opinion, Avould not be out 
 of place or feel belittled -svhen compared to similar houses elsewhere. 
 Southern Methodist Book Bindery. — The Book Bindery 
 connected Avith the Southern ISIethodist Publishing House, under the 
 supervision of Mr. John Locken, is an establishment whose immen- 
 sity without doubt surpasses any honse of the kind in the Southwest. 
 The Printing and Stereotype Departments of the same concern are so 
 near allied, or rather they have such direct connection with the Bind- 
 ing Department, that it is next to an impossibility to speak of one 
 without including the other, for what is the finished product of one 
 is the raw material of the other. Altogether there are, as before 
 stated, about 100 persons employed in the various branches. In the 
 Press Room there are seven Adams Book Presses and one Hoe one- 
 cylinder Newspaper Press. There are also three immense Hydraulic 
 Presses and one large Screw Press, used for smoothing Paper in the 
 same department. But little idea can be formed by an uninitiated 
 person as to the immense amount of Avork that with these facilities 
 they are able to perform, all of which must be finished up by the 
 Binder. In the Bindery there is a full complement of all the latest, 
 best improved and finest machinery, some piece of which is design- 
 ed to perform separate pieces of w'ork. Here are huge Steam 
 Embossing and Gilding Presses, Paper Cutting Machines, Book and 
 Paper Trimming Machines, Paper Cutters, Ruling Machines for 
 Blank Books, Bills, etc., and many others whose workings in any 
 thing short of a detailed account would give the reader no definite 
 idea of their beautiful processes. Almost everything in this estab- 
 lishment is run by machinery. Even their glue is boiled by ma- 
 chinery and their grindicg-stone turned by the same powerful mover. 
 In such an establishment, where everything is so well divided, it falls 
 little short of an impossibility that the Avork done should be less than 
 of the most perfect character. This we assert is true, and the Book 
 Bindery of the Southern Methodist Publishing House, we believe, 
 can hold its own w-ith any similar concern in the country. They are 
 well prepared to do jobs no matter how extensive, and the immense 
 amount of work done by the establishment — being the exclusive 
 Publishing and Binding House for the entire Methodist Church 
 South, stamps as a certainty their capabilities. In addition, they do 
 a great deal of outside work, such as Edition Avork for individuals. 
 Commercial Blanks, Railroad and River Blanks, etc. 
 
PAPER ^rANrFACTUREPvS. 233 
 
 Paul & Tavel's Book Bindery. — The IJook Bindery, Blank 
 Book Manufactory and Printing Establish rncnt of Messrs. Paul & 
 Tavel occupies the second and third floors of their spacious Book 
 House, No. 48 Union Street. They employ from 20 to 25 hands in 
 all departments and are well provided with all the latest first-class 
 machinery. Among the instruments employed we make mention of 
 their Embossing, Sewing, Stamping and Iluling Machines. These 
 facilitate their operations Avonderfully and enable them to turn out 
 the very best work known in this section. They have also lately 
 added thereto one of Sanborn's Improved Cutting jSrachines, which 
 cost $900. Messrs. Paul & Tavel are at present the Publishers and 
 Binders of all the Publications used by the Cumberland Presbyte- 
 rian Church in the United States, their House, as before stated, be- 
 ing the Depository of the Board of Publication for this extensive 
 and wealthy denomination. During 1869 they turned out complete 
 for this Church 6,000 Hymn Books, 2,000 Confessions, 4,000 Miscel- 
 laneous Cloth Books, besides about 25,000 Catechisms, etc., in Paper. 
 This, though, does not include near all the work done by them, for 
 in addition they pay especial attention to the Manufacture of all 
 kinds of Blank Books, embracing full Sets of Account Books, Bank, 
 Railroad and River Books, Transportation Blanks, etc. 
 
 Marshall & Bruce'.s Book Bindery. — Messi*s. Marshall & 
 Bruce also have an extensive Book Bindery and Blank Book ]\Ianu- 
 factory at No. 28 Deaderick Street. Both members of this firm are 
 })ractical and skillful workmen, and have been engaged in the busi- 
 ness in this City for four years. They are devoting especial atten- 
 tion to Blank Books and all kinds of Commercial and Legal Work. 
 They employ some ten to twelve hands in the Bindery. They have 
 machinery of all the most improved j^atents. They run an Adams 
 Embosser, which has a capacity of 1200 impressions per hour; one 
 of Sheridan's Improved Cutting Machines, capable of cutting 400 
 Octavos per hour; and one of Parrish's Paging and Numbering iSIa- 
 chines for numl)ering Railroad Tickets and Jilank Books, and Avhich is 
 the only one of its kind in this part of the country. They have also 
 one of Sanborn's Board Cutters, and Ruling and Stabbing ^Machines, 
 and other appurtenances needful in the business. This firm bound about 
 10,000 Volumes State Work last season, and although fully prepared 
 to do almost any amount of Edition Work, pay more particular at- 
 tention to Blank Books for Commercial purposes and Court Pro- 
 ceedings. 
 
 Geo. S. Morton's Book Bindery. — The Book Bindery of Geo. 
 
234 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 S. Morton is at No. 37J UnioD Street, third floor. Mr. Morton 
 gives employment to nine hands. He is a Mannfactnrer of forty 
 years experience, sixteen of which he spent with Lippincott & Co., 
 Philadelphia, and fourteen in the business in Nashville. Mr. Morton 
 employs all the best machinery used in his business and known in 
 this section, and this, linked with experience in all the wide ramifi- 
 cations of the trade, gains for him a large patronage. 
 
 Roofing Manufactories. 
 
 The Manufacture of IloofiDg in this City engrosses much atten- 
 tion of late. In old times people were content to live under a Roof 
 made of shingles or " clap-boards." They now take it upon them- 
 selves, and well they should, as a duty, to select something that can 
 be recommended as non-combustible, durable and at the same time 
 cheap. Although Slate and Tin are both extensively used, yet their 
 adaptation to the climate is not an established fact, and within the 
 past few years several kinds of Composition Roofs have come into 
 use, are said to possess all the requisite qujilities unattained in other 
 materials, and, as a consequence, are growing quite j^opular. So far 
 as the success of the Nashville Manufacturers is concerned, they seem 
 to have united the suffrages of Builders and Consumers of every 
 class in their favor; and, if we may judge of the merits of their 
 productions by the degree of po2)ularity they have rapidly attained, 
 they must combine many points of excellence. The buildings, 
 whether Private Residences, Stores, Warehouses, Factories, Depots 
 or Public Buildings, which have been covered by them in this and 
 neighboring cities are among the largest and best known; and the 
 names of many of the leading business men are appended to testimo- 
 nials in their favor. 
 
 Plastic Slate Roofing. — The manufacture of this Roofing is, 
 so to speak, an entire new branch of industrial pursuit in Nashville, 
 for it was commenced by James AValker & Son only in February, 
 1869, and was not put into full operation until the middle of July. 
 Since that time they have conducted a heavy business, giving steady 
 employment to from 25 to 30 hands. They have already recovered 
 a large number of old buildings and roofed a great many of the best 
 new blocks erected in our City. Their business is constantly increas- 
 ing, and since the winter season set in they have received more or- 
 ders than could be readily attended to, and look forward to a more 
 extended business this year. Their shipments at first wore quite 
 
Plastic Slate Roofing ! 
 
 THE MOST DURABLE, CHEAPEST, 
 
 A X I ) 
 
 BEST ROOFING MATERIAL IN EXISTENCE. 
 
 . .«. — 
 
 It is both FIRE and WATER PROOF, and TIME ONLY IM- 
 PROVES ITS QUALITY, 
 
 All First Class Insurance Companies take Risks under 
 
 I>L^STIC ST.A.TE HOOFS, 
 
 Same as Copper, Iron or Tin Roofs. 
 ^♦-^ . 
 
 OLD, WORN-OUT TIN ROOFS 
 
 Can be made as good as new at a very small cost, with this material. 
 
 It is adapted to cither Flat or Gothic Roofs— heat or cold does not 
 effect it. Seeing is believing. 
 
 We call the attention of the public to the workings of PLASTIC 
 SLATE, in all of the principal cities of the country, and especially 
 to roofs put on by us in this city. 
 
 We keep constantly on hand a full supply of Felt and Roofing 
 Materials. 
 
 All orders entrusted to us will receive prompt attention. Roofs 
 put on by us are guaranteed to give satisfaction. 
 
 Being Sole Agents for PLASTIC SLATE for the Southern States, 
 we desire to introduce it into every town and city, as well as through 
 the country, and to that end we will lease the territory in such a 
 manner that mechanics of ordinary means can control and work it, 
 and make more clear money out of it, than in anything they can touch. 
 
 Cor. Moil aM Cherry streets - NASHVILLE TEMNESSEE. 
 
 IRfli m E06FIIS COMPANY, 
 
 OFFICE, 24 SOUTH COLLEGE STREET, 
 
 J. C. WANDS, President. J. G. OCiJJEN, Seey a- Treasurer. 
 
 J. L. BURXHAM, Sipt. W. P. MARKS, Ass't iSup'U 
 
 235 
 
236 NASHVILLE AND IIEE TRADE. 
 
 limited, but now amount to twenty tons of Slate Flour per month, and 
 other material in proportion. As to the advantages of this kind of 
 Roofing, it has been highly recommended to us for its cheapness, du- 
 rability, water-jn-oof and weather-proof qualities. The Messrs. 
 AValker are General Agents for several of the Southern States, and 
 are prepared to sell licenses to parties wishing to work territory, and 
 also to furnish any amount of the material used in its manufacture. 
 This Roofing is now comparitively in its infoney, but they receive 
 letters and other applications continually from people within their 
 territory asking for information regarding its qualities, etc. At 
 the late Exhibition of the Tennessee Agricultural and Mechanical 
 Association, holden near this City, their Roofing carried ofi* the pre- 
 mium and received the subjoined recommendation from the Award- 
 ing Committee appointed to investigate its merits. After having 
 submitted it to several tests, they say : " We therefore agree in 
 recommending this ' Composition Roofing' for the premium offered 
 by your Association, as we find that its adhesiveness, its non-expansi- 
 hilUy, its cleanliness^ its ease of appUeation, and above all its power of 
 bettering itself by a.r/e, are readily and plainly demonstrated, and the 
 article is worthy of receiving the examination and patronage of our 
 citizens." This pa])cr was signed by the Awarding Committee com- 
 posed of Geo. S. Blackie, M. D., and W. D. Kline, Esq., which 
 speaks highly for the qualities it claims. 
 
 Tennessee Ieon Car Roofing Company. — In this establish- 
 ment we might say we have the very originality of home enterprise. 
 The Tennessee Iron Car Roofing Company, a regularly incorporated 
 concern, managed by the following officers: J. C. Wands, President; 
 Jas. G. Ogden, Secretary and Treasurer; J. L. Burnham, Superin- 
 tendent; and W. P. Marks, Assistant Superintendent; is an institution 
 well wortliy of mueli consideration. The Company's Office and 
 Works are located at No, 24 S<iuth College Street. They give em- 
 ployment to some twenty hands and run an engine of 20-liorse power. 
 Until recently this Company paid much attention to House Roofing, 
 and with their Patent Wire Locked Expanding Joint, of which Mr. J. 
 C. Wands is the inventor and patentee, were very successful. Busi- 
 ness, however, accumulated so rapidly, and numerous and extensive 
 orders having come in from Railroads, they dropped House Roofing 
 altogether, and are now paying attention only to Cars. They are 
 now using their Patent Joint — Avherein lies all of tlieir success — on 
 Sheet Iron. We clip from their printed circular the following points 
 regarding its ])reparation and adaptabilities: 
 
SOAP AND CANDLE MANUFACTUEERS. 237 
 
 ""We pro))arc and shape, for our Joint, Sheet Iron of the best 
 quality, by coating on both sides ^vith Oxide of Iron, and for Cars 
 we underlay with paper saturated with tar, which pe^-nianently pre- 
 vents rusting. An additional coat of paint in six or eight years is 
 only needed to secure it from corroding. The advantages of this 
 Roof are: 1st. It can be put upon any ordinary rough sheeting 
 without further preparation. 2d. Two men can cover a car in two 
 hours. 3d. Its cost is less than Tin, and much less than any other 
 Car Roof. 4th. It being laid in sections across the car, it is easily 
 repaired in case of accident. 5th. Its practicability, utility and 
 economy guarantee its success on all roads wherever used." As to 
 the general merits of this Roofing, we can safely say that they arc 
 admitted by many practical Railroad men. AW the Roads centering 
 at Nasliville and many of the prominent ones in the South and West 
 are using it exclusively. 
 
 Soap and Candle Manufactories. 
 
 The manufacture of Soap and Candles is so very generally asso- 
 ciated together that the branches may be considered inseperable. Says 
 an eminent Chemist, " the quantity of Soap consumed by a nation, 
 would be no inaccurate measure whereby to estimate its wealth and 
 civilization. Political economists, indeed, will not give it this rank ; 
 but, whether we regard it as a joke or earnest, it is not the less true, 
 that of two countries equal in population, wc may declare with posi- 
 tive certainty that the wealthiest and most highly civilized is that 
 which consumes the greatest weight of Soap." Xo matter then 
 which horn of the dilemma wc take,, one thing is established, that but 
 few branches of our Manufactures have grown more rapidly with the 
 prosperity of the City, than that of Soap and Candles, and we have 
 been assured that there is now more of both articles made here in 
 one month than there was fifteen years ago in a whole year. At that 
 time we were greatly dependent upon the Northern and Eastern 
 Manufactories for our supplies, and "Gamble & Proctor's Cincinnati 
 Rosin Soap" crowded every store; but now our own INIanufactures 
 supply our own market, in Laundry Soaps, to the exclusion of nearly 
 all competitors, and have l^esides large quantities for exportation. 
 They make all the varieties in common use, and some make Soaj) of 
 a superior quality. 
 
 In their manufacture of Candles, they have been equally as fortu- 
 nate. The advances that have recently ])een made in Chemical 
 
•238 NASHVILLE AND HEE TRADE. 
 
 Science have woudcrfully influenced the manufacture of Candles, and 
 by the scpcration of constituents, purification, distillation, pressure 
 and other arts aud appliances, known to the initiated, they are pos- 
 sible to attain very remarkable results from materials that are some- 
 times very unpromising. Especially is this case, in their JMoulded 
 Tallow Caudles, which forms an important part of their business. 
 The most prominent of these Manufactories are those of H. W. 
 Pratt, corner Madison and Front streets ; J. J. Gentner, corner Mill 
 and INIadison streets ; M. G. Thayer, corner College and Kingsley 
 streets; and John Beaty, No. 38 Front street. Of these the Manu- 
 factories of H. W. Pratt and J. J. Gentner are furnished with Steam 
 Powder, and their labors are greatly facilitated. The first named has 
 also been very successful in manufacturing some superior kinds of 
 Fancy AVhite and Marbled Soaps. The combined capacity of these Man- 
 utactories, so we have been told, is fully 200,000 pounds of Soaps 
 per month. In addition they Manufacture vast quantities of 
 Candles. 
 
 Stucco Works. 
 
 The Rock City Stucco "Works, under the control of Messrs. Wm. 
 Stockell & Son, 88 Broad street, owners and Practical Manufacturers 
 were established in 1846. They employ, in the Manufacturing De- 
 partment, from 50 to 70 hands throughout the year. The Manufac- 
 ture of Stucco "Work is broad and comprehensive in its signification, 
 and includes all kinds of finished Plastering. It also includes the 
 manufacture of all styles of Enrichments for Cornices, Centres for 
 Ceilings, Figures for Niches, Medallions in Frames, Brackets, Caps, 
 Busts, as well as every conceivable design and pattern for the interior 
 decoration of public and private buildings. 
 
 To attempt anything short of a most graphic description of the 
 modus operandi in the making of these articles would not suffice. A 
 prolonged visit to the establishment could only give an adequate idea 
 of the great variety and workmanship there to be seen. This house 
 makes their own moulds, and claims now, and not without sufficient 
 reason, we should judge, to have the greatest variety of Originals of 
 any house in the United States. The Plaster of Paris used by them 
 in moulding, is imported directly from Nova Scotia, while the "Wax, 
 Gelatine, Beeswax, Rosin and other component parts are also bought 
 in tlie rough. 
 • The Messrs. Stockell arc also INIanufacturcrs of a beautiful immi- 
 
STEAM CANDY AVOKKS. 239 
 
 tation of Marble, known as Scagliola "Work, which is capable of re- 
 ceiving an exquisite polish ; in fact, higher than even Marble itself 
 For Columns, Pedestals, and various appliances in interior decora- 
 tion it is neat, tasty and decidedly cheap. 
 
 As an evidence of their great success in the Manufacture and ap- 
 plication of their Stucco and Decorative Goods, they point with pride 
 to the interior finish of the Tennessee State House, Maxwell House 
 Masonic Hall and numerous other public and private buildings, in 
 this and adjoining cities, done by them. In conclusion, we can but 
 speak in words of commendation, when referring to their exquisitely 
 arranged, and handsomely decorated. Show Eoom, hung with the 
 latest styles of Ornaments, Busts, Brackets, Statuary, etc., etc., and 
 to which they cordially invite public inspection, either from residents 
 or visitors to the City. 
 
 Steam Candy Works. 
 
 In this branch of Manufactures we have at least two thriving 
 houses, who have discarded the old-fashioned mode of preparing 
 sweetmeats, by hand, and adopted the more modern method of Steam 
 Power. In their numerous and diversified labors, they find such 
 progress actually indispensible, and the multiplied volume of their 
 business is met more readily and often more satisfactorily than they 
 could possibly hope to do, if they kept on in the non-progressive 
 manner of " ancient " times. Preferring to confine our remarks to 
 houses employing Steam, and enjoying such advantages, we begin 
 with 
 
 G. H. Wessel & Son's Steam Candy Works. — The Steam 
 Candy and Cracker Works of Messrs. G. H. Wessel & Son are lo- 
 cated at No's. 43 and 45 Union street. This eld and well-known 
 house has lately put in a first-class equipment of all the latest and 
 best improved Candy and Cracker Machinery. Taking a hasty 
 glance through their works recently, wx observed them well supplied 
 in all necessary appurtenances. In the Bakery department their 
 Dough Bins are very extensive. They have also Steam Dough 
 Mixers, and two Steam Cracker Rollers, of the Xos. 1 and 2 Peel 
 pattent, respectively. Then, there are two very large Ovens, kept 
 constantly supplied. Altogether, their Cracker Machinery is capable 
 of turning 24 out barrels per day. They manufacture with these Ma- 
 chines all kinds of Crackers, including in part, Soda, Butter, Picnic, 
 Boston and Sugar, and Lemon Biscuits. Their Candy IManufactory is 
 
240 NASHVILLE AND ITER TRADE. 
 
 in thesecond stoiy. Here they have three hirge furnaces, and four sets 
 of Rolling Tables, each table capable of holding 450 pounds of Candy 
 per day. There are also Crimpers for Crimping Candies, Braiding 
 INIachines, for braiding Candies, Cocoa-nut Candy Machines, some 
 twenty varieties of Candy Drop Machines, and abont ten different 
 kinds of Lump and Kiss Cutters. These and many other features 
 render the Steam Candy AV^orks of Messrs. "Wessel & Son, one of 
 the most complete in this section. Altogether they employ some twenty- 
 two men, and the product of their labors will amount to 1,800 
 pounds of Candy and other articles in proportion, while one item of 
 consumption, that of Flour alone, amounts to about 15 barrels per 
 day. 
 
 Robert Thompson & Co's. Steam Candy Works. — The 
 house of Robert Thompson & Co., No. 35 South Market street, is 
 the pioneer one of our City in the use of Steam, having employed it 
 in their business in days prior to the late war. Having had this ex- 
 perience, they have not failed to adopt such new improvements as 
 have been made in other cities, and may, at the present time, be said 
 to have an establishment first-class and complete in all modern ideas. 
 They use the celebrated Cracker Machines of the Peel patent, three 
 sizes, Nos. 1, 2 and 3. These machines have a capacity for working 
 up 2,500 pounds of Crackers and Pilot Bread per diem. In addition 
 to great economy in the saving of material, they work with the 
 greatest rapidity and regularity, and the improvement in this, over 
 the old system, is so perceptible that the latter will hardly bear com- 
 parison. In addition, their Ovens are built after the most improved 
 style, and are among the best to be met with anywhere. Their de- 
 partment for the manufacture of Candy is also fully equipped with 
 unsurpassed auxiliaries. They have here an ingenious Candy Toy 
 Moulder, capable of turning out 500 pounds of Candy Toys of nu- 
 merous sizes and patterns per day. They have also a full assortment 
 of Cocoanut Machines, Braiders, Crimpers, Kiss Cutters, Drop Ma- 
 chines etc. Their Furnaces are also very extensive, and have capac- 
 ity for manufacturing 1,500 or 2,000 pounds of Candy per day. 
 Taken all in all, this house is surpassed by but few in the country, 
 and the excellence of their INIanufactures arc well known and ad- 
 mitted by a large number of customers. 
 
SUGAR CANE MACHINERY. 241 
 
 Sugar Cane Machinery. 
 
 The manufacture of Sugar Cane Macliinery is among the most ex- 
 tensive of the industrial features of our City. It is conducted under 
 tlie style of the Southern ^Manufacturing Company, who are succes- 
 sors to the Southern Sorgo Machine Company, and who, having 
 made great additions to their facilities, and extended their branches 
 of jNIanufacturing, found it necessary to comport with such extension 
 to adopt a more comprehensive title. The works of this Company 
 are located at No. 124 Broad street. The organization of the com- 
 ])ination was effected in January, 1868, through the assiduity of 
 Capt. E. R. Harris, formerly a Manufacturer of the Sorgo ^Machine, 
 at Crestline, Ohio, a gentleman thoroughly conversant with the busi- 
 ness, and with the wants of the Southern Trade, in this respect. 
 July 1st, 1868, the Company began operations at No. 47 Market 
 street, but so rapidly did their business extend, that they were com- 
 pelled to seek more spacious quarters, and about the first of the year 
 1869 fitted up the large building at present occupied by them. The 
 present members of the Southern Manufacturing Company, are : 
 Messrs. I. D. Walker, I. N. AValker and E, R. Harris, with I. N. 
 Walker as Secretary and Treasurer and E. R. Harris as General 
 Superintendent. 
 
 The Company employs, in its work-shop, from 25 to 30 hands, 
 who are constantly engaged throughout the season. Their facilities 
 for Manufacturing have been more than doubled the past year, and 
 they are now fully prepared to compete with any factory in the 
 United States. In addition to the wood department they have also 
 Tin, Copper and Blacksmith Shops. The Company manufactures 
 and turns out complete, twelve different sizes and patterns of the 
 Sugar Cane Mill , also, thirteen different sizes and patterns of Harris' 
 Celebrated Evaporators, embracing flat-bottom, corrugated, and port- 
 able styles, manufactured of galvanized iron; and thirteen kinds of 
 the same patterns made of Copper. Also two sizes of the centrifu- 
 gal Machines for draining Sugars, designed for the use of every 
 farmer; beside all the appurtenances necessary for a complete outfit. 
 As to the character of their Machinery, and the reception it has met 
 with, from both practical and scientific people, in almost every quarter 
 of the South, we are of the opinion that it has gained unstinted 
 approval wherever it has been introduced. The Company exhibits 
 a fine collection of premiums, received over all other competitors, 
 given at the late State Fair, held near this place, and from fairs held 
 16 
 
SOTJTHERIbT 
 
 (SUCCESSORS TO SOUTHEBN SORGO MACHINE COMPANY,) 
 No. 124 Broad Street, Nashville, Tennessee, 
 
 MANUFACTURER.S AND DE VLLK-i IN 
 
 CANE MIL 
 
 Sugar Evaporator! 
 
 crnif joicf ciiii)iFi[RS, urn n 
 
 AND THE CELEBRATED 
 
 ARCTIC REFRIGERATORS. 
 
 Keep constantly on hand all sizes of 
 
 OeATiS, DOOeS AND SHIMMERS, 
 
 Also, upon order, manufucture our difl'erent styles of 
 
 Evaporators5 
 
 FOB AL,Ii »IZ£D FlIBNACES, EITHER PORTABLE OR STATIONARY. 
 
 Send for HescriiUive Catalogue awl Price TAst, 
 
 242 
 
TRUNK MAXUFACTOKY. 243 
 
 in other portions of this and adjoining States. During our recent 
 visit, we were informed that they had on hand some §25,000 worth 
 of lirst-class machinery ready for the opening of the trade, and that 
 they were pushing matters forward to increase the stock. The ca- 
 pacity of the Company's "Works, per annum, is 400 complete sets of 
 machinery, which, at a fair average, woukl foot up to the handsome 
 sum of $100,000, and which sum they expect to reach before the 
 close of 1870. All over the South their machinery is well-known, 
 and during 1869 they made shipments of two complete sets to Cen- 
 tral America, to be operated on genuine cane alo7ie. 
 
 In addition to Cane Machinery, they also manufacture the cele- 
 brated Arctic Refrigerator, which is claimed by them to be superior 
 to anything of the character ever before introduced into this market, 
 and the handsome testimonial and premium received by them for it, 
 at the Tennessee Fairs', held last Autumn, from thoroughly practical 
 judges, give it decided pre-eminence. Of these, they manufacture 
 some eight or ten kinds, and make them of the most convenient and 
 serviceable sizes for private families, hotels, green grocers, restaur- 
 ants, saloons, etc. 
 
 Trunk Manufactory. 
 
 In the manufacture of Trunks, Valises, Bags, Satchels, etc., Mr. 
 W. Dunstead, at the " Nashville Trunk Manufactory," No. 47 North 
 Market street, has the run, his being the only establishment of the 
 kind in the City. He began this business in 1868, in a very small 
 way, but has so increased as to now give employment to some twenty 
 persons, and turns out about 300 Trunks per week. The principal 
 articles manufactured by him are, nearly all sizes of Saratoga, Travel- 
 ing and Packing, Sole Leather and Immitation Sole Leather Trunks, 
 Valises, Traveling Bags, Traveling and School Satchels, Reticules, 
 etc. These he makes in sizes and prices to suit almost any demand, 
 and claims to sell superior articles as low as any Eastern Manufac- 
 tory, and perha^JS a fraction less. He is now su])plying a good many 
 dealers in Tennessee, Alabama and Georgia, and holds as a good ar- 
 gument, that his Manufactory being much nearer, the articles sold 
 by him are likely to escape scratching and damages from shipment if 
 purchased near at hand. 
 
244 NASHVILLE AND IIER TRADE. 
 
 Wagon Manufactories. 
 
 Within comparatively a few years the demand for Wagons of the 
 best construction has elevated the business of Wagon-making into 
 the rank of Manufactures. The Wheelwright and Blacksmith arc 
 no longer able in their separate shops to supply the immense de- 
 mand. Establishments are required that can purchase lumber and 
 iron in large quantities, and which are provided with all the requisite 
 machinery and appliances for turning out heavy vehicles with expe- 
 dition and rapidity. The most prominent establishment of this class 
 in Nashville is the Steam Wagon Manufactory, A. Moore & Sen, 
 Proprietors, 233 South Spruce Street. This Manufactory has been 
 in successful operation for the past four years, and, to tell the truth, 
 is the only extensive and complete house of its kind in the City. It 
 gives employment to about twenty-five men and is fully equipped 
 with the best machinery known in the business. There are Hub- 
 morticing Machines, Felloe Saws and Borers, Hub Borers, Spoke 
 Lathes and Tennon Saws, Wheel Tenanting Machines — in fact every 
 facility that can be used to advantage. During last year Messrs. A. 
 Moore & Son turned out and sold about 500 vehicles, and their pro- 
 ducts are distributed not only throughout Tennessee but over nearly 
 all parts of Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi and Texas. They are 
 skillful and practical Builders and taking their material in the rough 
 and preparing it for its various offices themselves, they are prepared 
 to warrant all vehicles made in their Shojis. At the Tennessee State 
 Fair last October their products carried off the first premium. Their 
 manufactures include Farm Wagons of all kinds from two to six- 
 horse, Carts, Express AVagons, Drays, Wheelbarrows, Garden and 
 Railroad Barrows, etc. In the manufacture of Wagons they are de- 
 cidedly careful, every part being made with the same exactitude of 
 dimensions as the gun-carriage of a park of artillery, and their 
 utility is conceded by all who have given them fair trial. By fideli- 
 ty in workmanship and prompt attention to business INIessrs. A. 
 Moore & Son have rendered their products saleable in all parts of 
 the South. 
 
 There are several other Wagon Manufactories in the City, but 
 with the exception of that of J. H. Rumsey, No. 338 South Cherry 
 Street, they confine their labors to hand-power. They are located as 
 follows : Wm. Long, No. 78 North Market Street ; M. Monroe, No. 
 124 Broad Street. These houses, although not employing steam, yet 
 claim, by close attention to the selection of their materials and the 
 
A. MOORE. GEO. MOORE. 
 
 ISTA-SHVILLE 
 
 Steam Wagon Factory! 
 
 » ♦ — 
 
 A. MOORE & SON, 
 
 MAXUFACTUUERS OF 
 
 FARM 4 ROAD WAGONS, 
 
 C A. K. T S , 
 
 EXPRESS WAGOWS, DRAYS, ETC 
 
 And all kinds of 
 
 Of our own nianufactiuo, ;ilways on hand. 
 
 Repairing done at the Shortest Notice. 
 
 No. 233 SOUTH SPRUCE STREET, - - HAfiHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 245 
 
246 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 best workmanship, to produce articles whose consl ruction can with- 
 stand the abrasion of the severest test. 
 
 The foregoing we believe to be the leading Manufacturing concerns 
 at present in operation in Nashville, and we are of the opinion that 
 we have thus far made the fairest and most complete exhibit ever be- 
 fore attempted of those branches that could be called representative 
 in their respective spheres. These embrace more than owe hundred 
 houses, representing onore than forty distinet branches. But we are 
 well aware that among the many different concerns there are quite a 
 number of others worthy of mention which we have not had time to 
 visit. A volume, in fact, would hardly contain all that might be 
 written of them. In by-ways and rooms concealed from the public 
 gaze, there might be found an army of industrious artisans busily en- 
 gaged in transforming rude materials into objects of utility or pro- 
 ductions of taste and skill — "inventions for deligts, and sight, and 
 sound " — and aiming, by superior dexterity in their handicraft opera- 
 tions, to compensate for the lack of machinery and business facilities. 
 Aside from others, we would mention the presence of "Wool Carding 
 Factories, Saddle Tree Factories, Lock and Gun Factories, Vinegar 
 Factories, and various others that sooner or later will come to stations 
 of importance. 
 
 In conformity with the remainder of our work, we feel it entailed 
 upon us to give the reader some idea as to the extent of the Manufac- 
 turing Interests of Nashville financially, and choose rather to " lump " 
 the entire business than to give it itemized, for obvious reasons. As the 
 result of extended inquiry, with fair margin made, we may safely 
 conclude that, totalized, the various branches not heretofore estimated 
 will, in their present development, amount to fully Five 3IlIllons of 
 Dollars (§5,000,000) for the year 1869. And in view of these re- 
 sults, do they not fully demonstrate the original proposition that 
 Nashville is cdready a great Manufacturing City? We may say, 
 moreover, after many opportunities for comparative examination, 
 that the goods made in Nashville are as good and generally superior 
 to the average quality of fabrics made elsewhere. And to further 
 demonsfrate this, we will say that one reason for this superiority is 
 that the operations arc mostly conducted in small Factories, under the 
 direct personal supervision of the owner, or in shops often illy pro- 
 vided with machinery for rapid production ; and consequently the fab- 
 ricator must give close attention to the selection of material and 
 
PROSPECTIVE MANUFACTORIES. 247 
 
 character of the workmanshij), and master competition by the durability 
 and intrinsic excellence of his fabrics. 
 
 Many other considerations are suggested l)y the facts ■\\Jiich we 
 have collected, and partially submitted, and to which we would gladly 
 invito attention did space and circumstances admit, but we will conclude 
 by adopting tlic graphic language of an eminent gentleman, whose 
 heart and soul was in this great cause, and whose prophetic vision 
 saw for another Avhat we hope we have demonstrated for our City. 
 "Our Steam Engines are plying their arms in every street, in every 
 by-way is heard the ring of the anvil and the clink of the hammer, 
 as the artisan contributes his mite to the vast sum of toil; whilst 
 many a stately edifice, with its legions of employees and clanging 
 machinery, sends forth a stirring music to quicken the pulse of our 
 City life. Why, then, shall we not spread beyond our borders, the 
 knowledge, that here is a busy hive in which are being made many 
 articles that can contribute to the wants, or luxury, of man?" Kush- 
 ville IS the mart of Southern (Jommerce arid Southern Manufactures , 
 varied and extensive in its jJroducts. As such let it be proclaimed. 
 
 ProsiDective Manufactories. 
 
 We cannot close this department of our work without making 
 some mention, however brief, of the several magnificient enterprises 
 now on foot in our City, and whose estal)lishment will impart new 
 life and vigor to the sinews of trade, unlock immense stores of wealth 
 that have long been hidden in bank vaults, and be productive of 
 many beneficient results, which, finally, will lead to prosperity and 
 happiness. 
 
 TITP] TENNESSEE MANLTFACrURTNG COMPANY. 
 
 Prominent among prospective Manufactories is the immense con- 
 cern operating under the above title. The Tennessee Manufacturing 
 Company was chartered by the General Assembly during its session 
 of 18G8-G9, but was not fully organized until the Summer of last 
 year. According to the charter granted, they have the privilege of 
 extending their capital to 31,000,000. The present officers are: Col. 
 Samuel D. Morgan, Tresident, and James Plunkett, Plsq., Secretary 
 and Treasurer. The North Nashville Real Estate Company donated 
 to the " Tennessee Manufacturing Company" fourteen acres of de- 
 sirable land, lying in that end of the City, to wliich was added seven 
 acres more by purcliase, which, altogether, gives the latter a com- 
 
248 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 plete square from Cherry street through to Spruce. In November, 
 1869, the work of building -svas first begun, and has been rapidly 
 pushed forward since. The main factory building will be an im- 
 posing structure, built after the latest and most improved designs of 
 Cotton Factory Architecture. It will be 300 feet long, 52 feet wide, 
 and five stories high. It is to be built of brick, with stone founda- 
 tions, and will be constructed in the most substantial manner. The 
 first floor will be occupied by looms and filling frames, the second 
 floor entirely by looms, the third by finishing cards, etc., and the 
 fouth by spinning frames, spooling machines, etc. There will be 
 10,500 spindles, and 352 looms, and it is calculated that when in full 
 opration about ten bales of cotton will be consumed per day, or 3,000 
 per year. Three hundred hands will be employed the year round, 
 and, it is thought, that the products of the mill will meet with prompt 
 isalein this market. Heavy sheetings, checks, shirtings, bed-tick- 
 ings, drills and similar goods will be manufactured. The full ca- 
 pacity of the establishment will be nearly 12,000 yards per day. 
 The engine, boilers and picking-rooms are detached from the main 
 building, and every provision macje for guarding against the possi- 
 bility of fire. 
 
 The capital stock of the Company is exactly §303,100, and the 
 alacrity with which the subscribers have met the calls made upon 
 them is but one of the many evidences of its grand success. The 
 Nashville Union and American, refering to this magnificent enter- 
 prise, says: " From the aims, objects and labors of this Company, 
 the very highest results, as aficcting the interests of our City, and 
 people generally may be confidently expected. Every dollar of the 
 large stock required by the Company in pushing forward their mag- 
 nificent enterprise has been subscribed ; it has been subscribed, too, 
 by the most liberal, highspirited and responsible of our citizens. 
 They are men of wealth, character and commanding influence. No 
 second call has ever to be made upon them for the payment of stock 
 subscribed. Their field of operations embraces a wide scope, and will 
 develop into^early and practical purpose of home usefulness much of 
 undeveloped resources of our great and prolific State. The erection 
 of an immense cotton factory at Nashville, at this point of converg- 
 ence and divergence of the railroads leading into the cotton growing 
 regions of the South, will be an event in the history of our State. 
 This factory will be built speedily, and a home market for cotton for 
 home manufacture will at once be opened up. We may confidently 
 predict that before the present year expires this factory will be in 
 full operation. Success to the enterprise." 
 
249 BANKS AND BANKING BUSINESS. 
 
 ADDITIONAL ENTERPRISES. 
 
 In addition to that just mentioned, there are still many other en- 
 terprises that are in progress of construction or arc contemplated. 
 Among others, we have heard of an extensive Woolen Mill, two ex- 
 tensive Agricultural Implement Manufactories — one by T. H. Jones 
 & Co. and the other by the " Trimble Manufacturing Company " — and 
 last though not least, a Company has recently been organized for the 
 establishment of a new industrial feature to be known as the "South- 
 ern Wheel and Handle "Works." This Company is composed of the 
 firm of French Bros, and Messrs. Frank Rinkleff, Chas. Ohlmaker 
 and Oscar Pitchman, the latter three experienced manufacturers in 
 this line, and formerly of Sandusky, Ohio. They have selected the 
 extensive building, Xo. 94 North Market Street, and expect to get 
 into operation during June, 1S70. They will employ an engine of 
 60-horse power and a full complement of machinery for the manu- 
 facture of Hubs, Spokes and Wheels; Axe, Flow and Hammer 
 Handles, Buggy Shafts, Whiple Trees, and indeed all kinds of work 
 of that class. They expect to begin operations with fifty or sixty 
 hands, which number Mill be increased to two hundred should the 
 enterprise meet with proper encouragement. There are many other 
 branches of industry which might be established immediately, re- 
 quiring but little capital, that would without doubt prove highly re- 
 munerative. Why cannot Glass, Shoe Lasts, Shoe Pegs, Blacking, 
 and many other articles simple in their manufactures, be made here 
 as well as elsewhere ? AVe believe the day is not far distant when 
 all these and many others may be found here, and we look confident- 
 ly to that bright coming and swift-footed future when Xashville will 
 stand before the country as the great and only ^Manufacturing Mart 
 for the vast and rich territory which is legitimately tributary to her. 
 
 Banks and Banking Business. 
 
 The Banking Capital and Business of Nashville is represejitcd by 
 eight Comjjanies and institutions, four of which are National and 
 four Private Banks. They are located as follows : 
 
 First National Bank of Nashville, No. 55 North College Street, 
 A. G. Sanford, President; R. G. Jamison, Cashier. Organized Jan- 
 uary, 1864. 
 
 Second National Bank of Nashville, No. 35 North College Street, 
 Jas. H. McLaughlin, President; W. B. Dortch, Cashier. Organ- 
 ized March, 1865. 
 
rrTSLXT^lD 
 
 M 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 «?oG:K:Ia:oxJIDE!I^s 
 
 W. W. BERRY, 
 JOHN KIRKMAN, 
 EDGAR JONES, 
 M. BURNS, 
 
 CIIAS. E. HILLMAN, 
 ALEXANDER! FALL'S ESTATE, 
 DANIEL F. CARTER, 
 HON. EDMUND COOPER, 
 
 D. WEAVER. 
 
 -*♦- 
 
 RECEIVES DEPOSITS, 
 
 DEALS IN 
 
 
 MmmEmi seo 
 
 ESe 
 
 STATE BONDS AND GOLD. 
 
 W.W. BERRY, PresiiM, JOHN KIRKMAN, Vice Presiileiit, 
 
 EDGAR JONES, CasMer. 
 
 250 
 
The _Pirst 
 
 NATIONAL BANK 
 
 OF 
 
 L TINNIiSi 
 
 I€o. 55 \ORTir COIiliEOE STREET. 
 
 Designated Depository of the United States ! 
 
 Capital, ^^^^'S^^nS 
 
 Surplns, - - - - -_ - - 50'000 00 
 
 DEALS IN GOLD, SILVER AND GOVERNMENT SECURITIES. 
 
 Collections mk & remittelforofl iayof ppent atcnrrenlrateof Eictianp. 
 
 X) I R K C T O R S : 
 
 GEO. SEARIGHT, C. R. PARSONS 
 
 A. G. SANFORD, A. G. EWING, 
 
 MICHAEL VAUGHN, N. K. GRIFFIN. 
 
 :N'e\v Yoi'k Correspondents: 
 
 NATIONAL PARK BANK, 
 FOURTH NATIONAL BANK 
 
 A. G. SANFORD, Pres't. R. G. JAMISON, Cashier. 
 
 251 
 
252 
 
 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Third National Bank of Nashville, corner College and Union 
 Streets, W . AV. Berry, President; Edgar Jones, Cashier. Organized 
 July, 1865. 
 
 Fourth National Bank of Nashville, No. 54 North College Street, 
 Jas. Whitworth, President; Jno. Porterfield, Cashier. Organized 
 May, 1867. 
 
 The following is a statement of the condition of the National 
 Banks of Nashville, as reported officially March 24th, 1870: 
 
 NUMBER OP BANKS. CAP'l, STOCK. DEPOSITS. DISCOUNTS. CIRCULATION 
 
 First... 
 Second. 
 Third... 
 
 Fourth . 
 
 Total , 
 
 $250,000 
 150,000 
 100,000 
 200,000 
 
 $412,095 81 
 244,887 42 
 952,537 45 
 543,260 44 
 
 $700,000 $2,152,781 12 $1,383,641 26 
 
 $ 270,634 43 
 212,814 16 
 510,450 00 
 383,736 67 
 
 $ 225.000 00 
 
 87,750 00 
 
 None outstanding. 
 
 None. 
 
 $312,750 00 
 
 All of these Banks are sound to the core, are well managed and 
 are making money. To the amount of their capital their discounts 
 are exceedingly liberal. Before the war the Banking Capital of 
 Nashville amounted to about eight millions of dollars, and the pres- 
 ent capital is totally inadequate to the demands of the business of the 
 city. To this one fact might be laid a great deal of the draw-back 
 that Nashville is now experiencing. True,'our Merchants and Manufac- 
 turers have already derived decided benefit from the Bankers of the 
 City, who in the meanwhile, though, have exercised a wise discrimi- 
 nation in distributing their loans. Whereas, with the aid of more 
 capital they might have been better able to have established them- 
 selves in positions in the scale of mercantile credit to which the ad- 
 vantages of the locality and their own solvency and usefulness en- 
 title them. 
 
 The Private Banks do but little in the way of discounting, but 
 confine themselves more especially to dealing in Government Secu- 
 rities, Miscellaneous Bonds, Gold, Silver, etc. They are located as 
 follows : 
 
 National Savings Company, Southwest comer College and Union 
 Streets, Thos. S. Marr, President; L. G. Tarbox, Cashier. 
 
 People's Bank, k'outheast corner Union and Cherry Streets, Jas. 
 G. Ogden, President; Charles T. Wing, Cashier. 
 
 Traders' Bank, 30 Union Street, Robt. Lusk, President; T. B. 
 Sample, Cashier. 
 
 Nashville Savings Bank, 57 North College Street, Julius Sax, 
 President ; Moritz Sax, Cashier. 
 
Richland Savings Bank, 
 
 PULASKI, TEWWESSEE, 
 
 Have removed into their New Building, (built especially for their use,) 
 
 FIRST IVIAIN STREET, NEAR P UBLIC SQU ARE. 
 DO A GENERAL BANKIN G AND EXCHANaE BUSINESS. 
 
 Collections promptly attended to and remitted for on day of payment. 
 BILLS J^NID JSrOTE S B O TJ G- H T ^ IST I> SOLD. 
 
 LOANS NEGOTIATED ON COLLATERALS. 
 
 UXCURREXT MONET, GOLD A^VD SlEVER, BOTCOHT AJJI) SOL,». 
 
 __ iiiB i ii M iii i i n 
 
 MEVENVIS STAMJfS AT^WATS ON JIANJ). 
 
 Satisfactory arrangements made with Depositors, and special care given to special deposits of 
 Bonds, Mortgas'es, Deeds, Valuable Papers. Gold, etc. , , . 
 
 Havin"- lar-e FIRE AND 15UKGLAK PROOF VAULTS AND SAFES, we can insure absolute 
 safety for all securities and funds of our customers, and as we do business with promptness and 
 doBtiatch, we solicit your patronage. 
 
 DIRECTORS: 
 
 THOS. NI. JONES, B. F. CARTER, 
 
 W. F. BALLENTINE, J. P. MAY, 
 
 J. P. IVIcGUIRE, J. B. STAGEY, J. P. EZELL. 
 
 W. F. BAIiliETVTINE, Pres't. 
 Wm. J. PARKES, Cashier, 
 
 Capital Stock PaidlnTSlOO^OOO! 
 
 ^«— 
 
 Receives Deposits, Deals in Gold, Silver and U. S. Bonds. 
 
 ^ ■ ^ 
 
 Collections made and promptly remitted on any of the principal cities 
 
 of the United States. 
 I, B. COIililER, Cashier. J. B. MIMBRO, Pres't. 
 
 E. L. JOEDAH, Pres't. 
 
 liiifiiiiiie 
 
 B -A. IsT IK: , 
 
 E. D. EEED, CasMer. 
 
 Tennessee. 
 
 (OIiG--A.N-IZEI> 1866.) 
 
 Docs a "cncral Banking and Exchange business. Collections made and promptly remitted. 
 
 CorvespoiT. dents : 
 THOMAS EAKIN, New Torfe. FOURTH NATIOXAI. BANK, Nnshvillo. 
 
 253 
 
254 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Insurance Business. 
 
 There are but few citizens of Nashville not connected with some 
 one of the Insurance Companies or Agencies we opine, who have 
 the least distinct idea of the extent and importance of the Fire and 
 Life Insurance Business being done here. And yet this pursuit, by 
 actual mathematical calculation, gives em2^1oyment and sustenance to 
 almost a legion of persons. No branch of business, we believe, sur- 
 passes that of Insurance in the matters of bustle and activity. And 
 no other solicitors can " drum " with greater success, or are more as- 
 siduous in their efforts. This, however, results to a great extent 
 from the great competition that arises from the presence of so many 
 rival companies in our midst. There are, at present, represented in 
 the City nineteen Fire Insurance Companies, sixteen of which are 
 Foreign and three Local, with aggregated assets of $70,500,000. 
 Their annual Premium Receipts amount to about §250,000, which 
 covers property to the amount of §22,500,000,000. There are twelve 
 Life Insurance Companies doing business in the City, ten of which 
 are Foreign, and whose aggregated assets are §97,000,000, with annual 
 Premium Receipts of nearly §300,000.00. There are two Local 
 Life Companies, with assets of nearly half a million dollars (500,- 
 000.00), and increasing Premium Receipts of about §200,000, jje?" 
 annum. 
 
 It will be seen by this, that Insurance, in Nashville, is a business 
 of no mean proportions, and the rapid growth of the two Local Life 
 and three Local Fire Companies, and their favorable experience in 
 the selection of risks and consequent small losses are perhaj^s unex- 
 ampled in the history of Insurance in America, and are truly a 
 source of gratification and pride to the citizens of Nashville. 
 
 The offices of the various Agencies are located as follows : 
 
 Local Fire, — Nashville Commercial Insurance Company, R. C. 
 McNairy, President; E. D. Hicks, Secretary; Office No. 39 North 
 College street. 
 
 Tennessee Marine and Fire Insurance Company, Jos. W. Allen, 
 President; H. L.Claiborne, Secretary; Office. No. 41 North Col- 
 lege street. 
 
 State Insurance Company, John Lumsden, President ; Jos. W. 
 Nash, Secretary ; Office, No. 30 North College street. 
 
 Local Life CoMrANiES. — The Widow and Orphan Fund Life 
 
WIDOW AND ORPHAN FUND 
 
 Life Insurance Company. 
 
 E, D. FARNSWORTH President. 
 
 T. L. MARSHALL Secretary. 
 
 .JOHN II. CALLEMDER Medical Adviser. 
 
 ELIZUU WRIGHT Actuary. 
 
 Under the exclusive control of Odd Fellows. 
 
 Issues every approved description of Life and Endowment Policies. 
 
 Makes no restrictions on Residence or Travel. 
 
 All its Policies are absolutely Non-forfeitablc after two annual payments. 
 
 No extra rate for Women. 
 
 Jno. Porteriield, Vice President Nashville. 
 
 J. L. Weakley Nashville. 
 
 C. B. Hall Nashville. 
 
 J. H. Callender Nashville. 
 
 J. J. McCann .Nashville. 
 
 Z. P. Clark Nashville. 
 
 W. R. Bell Nashville. 
 
 T. L. Marshall Nashville. 
 
 E. J). Farnsworih Nashville. ! 
 
 T. J. Hopkins Nashville. 
 
 Charles Hayden Boston. 
 
 Jacob Ru-ssell New York. 
 
 John W. Stokes J^hiladelphia. 
 
 George D. WlncLell Cincinnati. 
 
 Stephen Terry Hartford. 
 
 T. a. 3IcCarty Indianapolis. 
 
 John Johnson Memphis, 
 
 T. li. MAR.SHALIi, Sec'j. 
 
 WSMESWBWVM & 'mh. 
 
 <Xi Atk^V'X^O'Ss!' <Hi» ^'^iP' <K)V <iS 3SU??> ^g» "sis' J^:i^ 
 
 Nashville Insurance Agency 
 
 FIRE, 
 
 RIVER, 
 
 INL^\-IsrD, ^V2>7ID 
 
 LIFE IISrSTJI^ JLTsTGE 
 
 lA THE BEST 
 
 Unglish & American Companies ! 
 
 CAPITAL REPRESENTED, - $15,000,000. 
 
 Office No. 4 ClieiTy SIreel, Maxwell Honse, ■ NaslMe, Tennessee. 
 
 255 
 
JOHN N.MOORE. THOMAS I. GEORGE 
 
 TENNESSEE INSUMNOE AGENCY! 
 
 MOORE & GEORGE, 
 
 AND 
 
 LIFE INSURANCE, 
 
 86 Bforili College Street, 
 NASHVILLE, - - • TENNESSEE. 
 
 Manhattan (Fire) Insurance Company of New York, Assets, $1,500,000 
 United States Fire & Marine Insurance Co. of Baltimore, " 600,000 
 Widows (Si Orphans Benefit Life Insurance Co. of N.Y." over 2,000,000 
 
 MANHATTAN INSURANCE COMPANY 
 
 OF NEW YORK, 
 C^SH CAPITAL, $500,000. CASH SURPLUS, $1,000,000 
 
 United States Fire and Marine Insiarance Company 
 
 OF BALTIMORE, M D-, 
 CASH CAPITAL, $250,000. CASH SURPLUS, $350,000 
 
 Particular attention given to the Insurance of Farm Pro- 
 23erty, Isolated Dwellings and their Furniture, 
 
 3P «» 3B." <* 3B». ^ » CSC Jim BL" «» ^ «» 3B* 3F a. -^LT- 9^ ~^r «s xm, m- IS. 
 
 Losses equitably adjusted and promiJtly paid in Ca.sh at this Agency. 
 
 Widows and Orphans Benefit Life Insurance Co. 
 
 OF NE^v^ YORK. 
 
 CASHPREMIUIS, CASH AfflUAL DIVIDENDS AND CASH POLICIES. 
 
 A purely Mutual Cash Company, under the direction of the most experienced and successful 
 Board of Trustees engaged in the business of Life Insurance— issues all the most approved forms 
 of Life and Endowment Policies, making a specialty of the 
 
 Tontine Dividend and Endowment System. 
 CHAS. H. RAYMOND, - - - - President. 
 
 HOORE ^ OEORCE3 
 
 GENERAIi AGENTS MIDDLE «fe EAST TENNESSEE. 
 
 J. R. BUIST, M. D., Medical Examiner. 
 
 256 
 
INSURANCE BUSINESS. 257 
 
 Insurance Company,* under the patronage of the Independent Order 
 of Odd Fellows of the United States and Canadas, have their office 
 in this City, No. 4 Maxwell House Building, Cherry street. The 
 officers of this very flourishing Company, are: E. D. Farnsworth, 
 President; John Porterfield, Vice-President; T. L. Marshall, Sec- 
 retary; Elizur Wright, Actuary ; J. H. Callcnder, M. D., Medical 
 Adviser; W. Chidsey, General Agent. 
 
 The Nashville Life Insurance Company, No. 16 Maxwell House 
 Building, Cherry street, is also a very successful combination, and 
 enjoys much patronage. The Officers are: Jno. M. Bass, President; 
 and W. H. Smith, Secretary. General B. Frank Cheatham and 
 Major J. Richard McCann are both connected with this Company. 
 
 Foreign Fire Companies. — Messrs. Moore & George, No. 36 
 North College street, represent the United States Fire and ISIarine 
 Company, of Baltimore, and the Manhattan, of New York. 
 
 Messrs. Farnsworth & Clark, No. 4 Maxwell House Building, 
 Cherry street, represent the North British and Mercantile, of Lon- 
 don and Edinburgh ; Queen,' of London and Liverpool ; and the 
 Continental, of New York. 
 
 Messrs. Gale and Ross, State Bank Building, Union street, repre- 
 sent the Home, of New York ; JEtna, of Hartford ; Hartford, of 
 Hartford ; International, of New York ; and Phenix, of Brooklyn. 
 
 ISIessrs. Hobson & Caliill, and P. P. Peck & Co., No. 39 Union 
 street, represent the Liverpool, London & Globe; the Home, of New 
 Haven ; Home, of Georgia ; Washington, of New York ; and Etna 
 Fire Company, of New York. 
 
 There are, beside these two or three, other Foreign Fire Compa- 
 nies represented in the City, but we arc not advised as to their 
 definite locations. 
 
 Foreign Life — W. D. Talbot, No. 50 North Cherry street, is 
 the General Agent of the iEtna Life Company for Tennessee and 
 Alabama. 
 
 Messrs. Clark and Farrar, No. 4 Maxwell House Building, Cherry 
 street, represent the Northwestern Mutual Life Company. 
 
 Messrs. Gale & Ross, State Bank Building, Union street, represent 
 the Equitable Life Company, of New York. 
 
 * Tlie Widow and Orphan Fund Life Insurance Company has recently established 
 an office in San Francisco and known as the Pacific Branch Office. This office is 
 under tlie control of Charles N. Fox and Z. P. Clark, Managers. The Advisory 
 Board of the Pacific Branch includes such substantial and prominent citizens of San 
 Francisco as the following : J. B, Harmon, Nathan Porter, Chas N. Fox, M. Heller, 
 Jas, A. McClelland, Jan. Adams, T. G. Phelps; J. Grecnbaum, H. B. Brooks. 
 
 17 
 
Life Insurance Company, 
 
 PRINCIPAL OFFICE, 16 MAXWELL HOUSE, 
 MSHYILLE, - - - TENNESSEE. 
 
 Offers to the Southern People an Institution combining in 
 its manajrement 
 
 *&^ 
 
 INTEGRITY, ECONOMY, SECURITY, 
 
 •«►•-»« 
 
 ISSUES ORDINARY AND 
 
 TEN PAYMENT LIFE ENDOWMENT 
 
 AND 
 
 RETURN PREMIUM POLICIES. 
 
 The following statement will illustrate the progress and condition of 
 
 the Company : 
 
 Jan\iary 1st, 18G9: 
 Number of Policies in Force 249, for $1,046,000 00 
 
 Assets, 206.087 42 
 
 « « « 
 
 February 1st, 1870: 
 
 Number of Policies, 907 
 
 Amount of Insurance actually inforce, $2,630,500 00 
 
 Assets, 272,873 26 
 
 Total Liabilities, including Premium Reserve, notexceeding.70,000 00 
 
 WM. HENRY SMITH, Sec'y. JOHN M. BASS, President. 
 
 Dr. J. F. GRANT, Gen'l Agent. FRED. H. FRENCH, Vicc-prcs't. 
 
 « ^ » 
 
 GEN. B. F. CHEATHAM, State Agent for Tennessee. 
 GEN. PATTON ANDERSON, Gcn'l Ag't for Alabama & Mississippi. 
 COL. JOHN M. HARRELL, Gcn'l Ag't for Northern Arkansas. 
 COL. A. S. HUTCHINSON, Gen'l Ag't for Southern Arkansas. 
 SAM. P. WRIGHT, State Agent for Texas. 
 
 258 
 
Commercial Insurance 
 
 COMPANY, 
 
 OFFICE, ]^o. 39 ]\0«TII COtLEGE STREET, 
 
 CA SlTcAPITAL - $100.00 0. 
 
 Takes Fire, River and Marine Risks at Fair Rates. 
 
 Writes Carefully. Adjusts Fairly. Fays Fromptly. 
 
 E. D. HICKS, Sec'y R. C. McXAIRY, Pres'f, 
 
 DIRECTORS.— R. C. McXairy, Lato of R. C. McNairy & Co. ; Jno. Kirkman, of Gray 
 ife Kirkman, Hardware Morchants; C. E. Hillman, of Hillman, Bro. «fe Sons, Iron 
 Dealers; W. H. Evans, of Evans, File, Porter & Co., Wholesale Dry Goods; R. H. Gard- 
 
 Ilamilton & Cunninj^ham, Hardware Merchants; S. N. Macey, of Macey & Brown, 
 Hardware Merchants. 
 
 JOS. W. ALLEN, Pres't. H. L, CLAIBORNE, Sec'y. 
 
 Marine I Fire Insurance 
 
 o o im: 1= j^ isr izr. 
 
 DIRECTORS. 
 
 Jos. W. Allen, G. W. Hendershott, John W. Terrass, 
 
 A. G. Adams, R. B. Cheatham, C. A. R. Thompson, 
 
 D. F. Carter, Alex. J. Porter, D. Weaver 
 
 W. M. Cooke, N. K. Griffin. 
 
 259 
 
260 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Messrs. Moore & George, No. 36 Nortli College street, arc the Gen- 
 eral Agents for Tennessee for the Widows' & Orphans' Benefit Life 
 Company, of New York. 
 
 Mr. Garrett Hardcastlc, No. 69 North Cherry street, represents 
 the Southern Life Company, of Memphis. G. C. Thompson, Esq., 
 is the General Agent for Tennessee and Alabama. 
 
 Mr. J. C. Ferry, corner Union and Cherry streets, represents the 
 New York Mutual Life Company. 
 
 Mr. J. H. Bond, No. 23 Public Square, represents the St. Louis 
 Mutual Life Company. 
 
 Mr. Isaac Litton, office , represents the Knickerbocker Life 
 
 Company, of New York. 
 
 In addition, the Carolina Life, Connecticut Mutual Life and World 
 Mutual Life Company, also have Agencies in the City. 
 
 Recently a new local company has begun business in the City on 
 the co-operative plan. When one member of the Company dies, his 
 heirs receive an average of one dollar from each of the surviving 
 members. It is known as the Mutual Benefit Life Association, and 
 was chartered by the Tennessee Legislature March 1st, 1870. The 
 officers are; Jas. Whitworth, President; A. II. Hurley, Secretary 
 and Treasurer ; and E. R. Glascock, General Agent ; A. H. & W. 
 P. Hurley, Special Agents for Nashville. 
 
 Coal— Its Local Trade. 
 
 The City of Nashville consumes about 1,000,000 bushels of Coal 
 per annum, and estimating its population at 40,000, about one ton 
 for each person. This is twice as much per head as is used in most 
 of the Southern cities. The important feature in the Coal Trade of 
 Nashville at present is the rapid increase in the consumption of Manu- 
 facturing Coal. Fully 400,000 bushels are used for Manufacturing 
 purposes, which is an increase of 100 per cent, in four years. It is a 
 known fact that with the completion of the Manufacturing establish- 
 ments now under contract, and in the near future, by the association 
 of capital, that 600,0000 bushels of Coal per annum will be needed 
 for Manufacturing purposes in two years. 
 
 It is a remarkable fact that this Coal is now sold at Nashville 
 lower than at any Manufacturing town in New England ; lower than 
 at Philadelphia, and lower than any Manufacturing town in Penn- 
 sylvania, except Pittsburgh and two or three other places. This 
 Coal is brought here now in large quantities by companies that real- 
 
ST^T E 
 
 O-F IsT^SKC-VILXjE. 
 
 ^VELL TRIED A-ISTD RELI7^13LE! 
 
 o:F:F'ICEI^s: 
 
 JNO. LUMSDEX President. 
 
 II. S. FRENCH Vice-president. 
 
 JOSEPH NASH Secretary. 
 
 OFFICE — No. 30 North College Street. 
 
 JETNA 
 
 INSURANCE 
 
 coiMP^isrY. 
 
 Surplus. 
 
 $15.000;p000 
 3^000,000 
 
 OFFICE— No. 50 North Cherry Street, 
 
 NASHVILLE, - TENNESSEE. 
 
 WM. D, TALBOT, MiHAGER FOR TENNESSEE AND ALABAMA. 
 
 261 
 
262 
 
 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 izc the importance to them, and to the City, of cheap fuel for Manu- 
 facturing purposes. They are selling the Coal to Manufacturers at 
 from 12 to 15 cents, and in some cases large sales have been made at 
 10 cents. This constant and large supply of cheaj) Coal for Manu- 
 facturing purposes is having its effect upon the City, and especially 
 ■with strangers, who come to Tennessee with a view of going to Man- 
 ufacturing. 
 
 Grate Coal is sold by retail at from 18 to 40 cents, averaging from 
 23 to 25 cents by retail, delivered. For more than 30 years the 
 citizens of Nashville have been entirely dependent upon Coal mer- 
 chants ; men who bought Coal as an investment, holding it until 
 Coal got high. Now there are two large comjjanies bringing Coal to 
 Nashville; one by water, "the Poplar Mountain Company," and the 
 other by railroad, "the Sewanee Coal Company," and whose prices, 
 they claim, are regulated by the original cost, and not by the necessi- 
 ties of the people. The railroads bringing Coal have made favor- 
 able contracts for transportation, and from a close investigation of 
 the combinations and capital in this business it is certain that in fu- 
 ture Nashville will have a good supply of cheap Coal. Coal, too, 
 that has no superior in the United States for Manufacturing purposes. 
 
 The consumption of Coal in Nashville and surrounding country 
 lias rapidly increased since the war. The economy and convenience 
 of using it over wood have brought it into almost universal use. 
 Many people are cooking with it, and wood is fast coming to be a 
 thing of the past for fuel. The Coal men are reorganizing their 
 companies, and adding capital so as to supply Nashville with 1,500,- 
 000 bushels of Coal, per annum, in the next year. 
 
 We subjoin an analysis showing the component parts, of the dif- 
 ferent Coals sold in the Nashville market, recently prepared by Pro- 
 fessor H. S. Yaryan, a chemist of established reputation : 
 
 Name of Coal. 
 
 Per Cent. 
 Coke. 
 
 Per Cent. 
 Vol. Pro. 
 
 29.9 
 38.7 
 43.0 
 39.03 
 
 Per Cent. 
 Ash. 
 
 6.6 
 13.93 
 
 6.88 
 16.02 
 
 Per Cent. 
 Fixed Car. 
 
 63.5 
 
 52.24 
 50.02 
 44.77 
 
 Specific 
 Gravity. 
 
 Sewanee 
 
 Pittsburgh 
 
 Cumberland 
 
 Poplar Mountain... 
 
 70.1 
 66.2 
 57.0 
 60.96 
 
 1.312 
 1.295 
 1.304 
 1.34!) 
 
 The principal Coal Agencies in Nashville are located as follows : 
 Sewanee Coal, E. Mclver & Co., Agents, No. 12 Maxwell House 
 Building, Cherry street; Poplar Mountain Coal, Callendcr & Gar- 
 rett, Agents, No. 50 North Cherry street; Cumberland Coal, Wood- 
 cock & Co., 51 South Cherry street; Newell, Jones & Co., 16G North 
 
GAS FITTING AND PLUMBING ESTABLISHMENTS. 263 
 
 Market street ; and jSI. Elliott, 89 South Cherry street. There is 
 but little Pittslnirg Coal sold in this market, tiie Gas Company 
 being about its only eonsumers. Some Coal from the Battle Creek 
 mines is used by the same. 
 
 Gas Fitting and Plumbing Establishments. 
 
 We have previously referred to the excellence of the -work done 
 by the Gas Fitters of Nashville ; but, as we were undecided as to 
 the justness of their claims for classification among Manufacturers 
 strictly spetiking, we have deferred remarks concerning their facili- 
 ties and advantages until the present chapter. We may state, how- 
 ever, that Nashville is becoming the chief seat of purchase for Fit- 
 tings for Gas, Steam and Water Pipes for the large section of country 
 tributary to us. The eminence that has been attained in this branch 
 is, no doubt, due largely to three circumstances; first, the firms en- 
 gaged in the business here are not only practical, but skillful work- 
 men ; secondly, the advantages for executing castings economically, 
 because of the abundance and cheapness of Coal and Iron ; and, 
 thirdly, because there are establishments in this City better pro- 
 vided with patterns, tools, etc., especially adapted for the several 
 a})paratuoes, than any other city near to hand. This business en- 
 grosses the attention of four houses, viz: Henderson Brothers, No. 
 73 North Cherry street; Grewar & Henderson, No. 54 Church 
 street; J. L. Park, No. 16 North Market street; H. S. Peach, No. 
 11 South College street; and Perry & Dumont, No. 15 Broad 
 street. These houses are not only engaged in Fitting all kinds of 
 Pipe Apparatuses, but in addition keep immense Cast and Wrought 
 Iron Pipes for Water, Gas and Steam, Gas Meters, Photometers, 
 jNIinutc Clocks, Pressure Kegisters, Indicators, Guages, Exhausters, 
 etc., and all kinds of Gas Apparatus. Also Steam Guages, Steam 
 Cocks and Fittings of every description to suit. They also deal in 
 Sheet Lead, Lead Pipe, Force Pumps, Cistern and Well Pumps, Ale 
 Pumps, Artesian Pumps, ^^"ater Closets, Baths, Hydrants, Beer Cocks, 
 Shampoing and Basin Cocks, Hose, Hot-Water Boilers, Nozzles, Coup- 
 lings, etc., beside Gas Chandeliers, Burners, Globes, etc. In truth, 
 the business is one of such multifarious detail that simple enumera- 
 tion would hardly suffice the immense variety, We conclude, there- 
 fore^ by asserting that in the houses of Nashville can at all times be 
 found everything needed by Gas Fitters, Steam Fitters or Plumbers 
 
SOUTHERN PUMP WAREHOUSE! 
 
 s:si':H?jm.xxx:.a:STJCjE:x». 
 
 LICENSED 
 
 PliOCIlLPLUMe[RSJIlSllNDmil|FITm 
 
 Nos. 71 and 73 North Cherry Street, near the New Post Office, 
 
 IST A.SH VILLE, TENN. 
 
 Having over 28 years' experience in this business, we are in a position to do work 
 in our line, in the most substantial, and first class mannkr, and at prices aviiicu 
 DEFY competition. We have also the largest stock of 
 
 Plumbing Materials, 
 
 On hand in the Soutliern Market, comprising 
 
 IP I IP E s, & o . 
 
 Iron Pipe, all sizes, for gas, steam and water; Galvanized Pipe, Light Cast Iron 
 Pipe, Lead Pipe, Vitrified Clay Pipe, and fittings for all the above kinds; Sheet Lead, 
 PigLead, Block Tin, Sheet Zinc, Bath Tubs, Wash Stands, Water Closets, Hot Water 
 Boilers, Iron Sinks, Hose, wltli Couplings; Basin Cocks, Shampooing Cocks, Beer 
 Cocks, &c. 
 
 :P TJ IMI IP S, (Sc o. 
 
 Artesian Pumps, Deep Well Pumps, Lift Pumps, Cistern Pumps, Force Pumps, 
 Wooden Pumps, Chain Pumps, Ale Pumps, Hydraulic Rams, Hydrants, Steam Giingcs, 
 Steam Whistles, Steam Traps, Globe Valves, Stop Cocks, Oil Globes and Cups, Cylinder 
 Cocks, &c. 
 
 GJ^S FIXTURES, &c. 
 
 Gas and Coal Oil Cliandeliers, Hall Lights, Toilet Liglits, Drop Lights, Portable 
 Gas Stands, with Hose; Pendants, Plain and Fancy; Brackets, plain and Fancy; Glass 
 Globes, Smoke Bells, Patent Shades, Cigar Lighters, Argaiid, Patent, Lava, Iron and 
 Brass Burners, of every description. 
 
 P. S.— All the above are at the LOWEST FIGURES, and will bear comparison witli 
 anything in the American market. Special inducements given to large and prompt 
 buyers. 
 
 tv Parties will please observe that our only place of business, is at 
 
 71 and 73 North Cherry Street, 
 
 Near the New Post Office. 
 
 264 
 
ICE — UNDERTAKING ESTABLISHMENTS. 265 
 
 for conducting their avocations ; and that builders and consumers 
 can obtain everything here necessary for comfort, convenience or 
 elegance, at prices marvellously low. 
 
 Ice . 
 
 The Ice Business of Nashville is one too that we can by no means 
 overlook. It engages the attention of quite a number of persons, 
 and during the Summer months, as a matter of course, enjoys a sea- 
 son of bustle and activity. The principal portion of the Ice now 
 sold in Nashville is from Lake Kingston, in the Illinois River. It 
 is cut in large blocks and brought here in barges during the Winter 
 and closely packed in immense warehouses, straw and saw-dust placed 
 around it until the fervid atmosphere of Summer requires it for use. 
 The present demand in Nashville will amount to about 3,500 tons or 
 7,000,000 pounds per annum, approximating financial value of 
 §35,000 or $40,000. The system of retailing Ice in this City now- 
 a-days is different from what it was a few years back. Formerly 
 Ice was supplied from wagons at residences once or twice a day, 
 but now it is sold in depots where consumers can purchase at will, 
 and thereby save the loss from melting. The principal Ice Dealers 
 in this City are J. P. Cromie & Co., No. 61 North Cherry Street, 
 and D. B. Hicks, Bank Alley, near College Street. There are, 
 however, sub-agencies and depots scattered here and there throughout 
 the City. 
 
 Undertaking Establishments. 
 
 There arc also in Nashville several first-class Undertaking estab- 
 lishments who carry on the business quite extensively. The most 
 prominent of these are located as follows : E,. H. Groomes & Co., 
 No. 42 North Cherry Street; J. W. Kimbro, No. 48 North Cherry 
 Street; and J. H. Curry, No. 72 Union Street. These houses em- 
 ploy experienced workmen and manufacture all of their wood-work 
 to order, including Coffins of every kind, both for adults and child- 
 ren. Their Metalic Cases are purchased direct from the Eastern 
 Manufactories and on the most favorable terms. These latter in- 
 clude Zinc, Cast Iron, Wrought Iron and Galvanized Sheet Iron 
 Cases done in the highest perfection known to the business. They 
 also deal largely in all kinds of Coffin Trimmings, such as Silver- 
 Plated Screws, Handles, Name-Plates, Silver-Headed Tacks, etc.. 
 
L 
 
 I o e 
 
 o m p a n y 
 
 Wo, ©1 li". OS 
 
 iP^NESe 
 
 NASHYI 
 
 B, r. PARKER, Agent, 
 
 |[ II 
 
 
 
 UN 
 
 [msT CIS 
 
 AND DEALERS IX 
 
 FINEST HEARSES IN THE CITY, 
 
 INCLUDING A BEAUTIFUL HEARSE FOR CHILDREN, 
 
 Xos. 12 ami 14 Worth Clicrry Street, 
 
 N'asliville, - - Tennessee. 
 
 Special attention given to DLsintering, Removing and .Sliiiiping of Bodies. 
 
 266 
 
LOIBElt AND KIXDRED EEAXCHES OF TRADE. 267 
 
 which thev are prepared to furnish to Undertakers throughout the 
 countrv at prices but little advanced over those obtained at the Man- 
 ufactories. The Undertakers of Nashville boast too of having the 
 finest and most elegant Funeral Equipages in the South. Their 
 splendid silver-plated Hc^irses are supplied ^^-ith the most beautiftd 
 and ornamental furniture suitable for Masonic, Odd Fellow or Cath- 
 olic funerals, being fitted out with all insignia a2>plicable to the occa- 
 sions for which they are intended. They have also facilities for Em- 
 balming Bodies, and are confident not only of retaining their large 
 share of custom with Xashville and the surroimding country, but 
 in having it largely extended, which will certainly result if their 
 past promptness and experience be taken as evidence. 
 
 Lumber and Kindred Branches of Trade. 
 
 The Lumber trade of ZSashville is of much greater magnitude 
 than many people suppose, and it occupies the attention, in some one 
 of its various ramifications, a force quite formidable as to numbers. 
 There are but few, even of our best informed citizens, who have 
 watched with sufficient interest, its late developments and enlarge- 
 ments, or who have reflected the unlimited resources about us yet un- 
 developed, but certainly to be dra^vn upon in the grander conquests 
 of the not over distant future. One half the territory of the L'nited 
 States is destitute of a surplus of Timber, and depends upon what 
 the other half can supply. The location of Xashville, and its favor- 
 able situation and accessibility to the immense Lumber regions of 
 Tennessee and tributary sections, places us on the fiivored exceptional 
 side of the subject, and renders our facilities, in this respect, unsur- 
 passed, if equalled. The abundant supply of Timber in Tennessee 
 we have alluded to some images back. It is probably our duty to 
 describe the facilities that are in use in the various and numerous 
 AVood-working establishments; but we are reminded that we have 
 already consumed much more space than we had anticipated : and 
 we are satisfied that nothing like justice could be done within nar- 
 row limits to a subject so exceedingly comprehensive. TMien we 
 take our above caption — Lumber and its Kindred Branches — for 
 consideration, we find ourselves involved in the discussion of pursuits 
 not only varied, but extensive. For instance, we have Manufactu- 
 rers and Sawers of Lumber, Dealers in Luml:>er, Sash and Blind 
 Manufacturers, and Contractors and Builders and each branch and 
 department ot vast importance. It has been estimated, by gentlemen 
 
SIM 
 
 CA.EP ENTERS 
 
 10[ 
 
 
 Building of Houses of every Description. 
 
 Immediately West of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad. 
 
 Betweeu Cliiircli and Eroaj Streets, ■ - Nasiyllle, Teimessce. 
 
 RIC 
 
 Olce aiil Karl, corner Hiili anil Broai Streets, Naslwille, Tennessee. 
 
 CONTUACTOKS CAN FIND AT ALi, TIMES A LARGE LINE OF 
 
 WHITE PINE SASH, 
 
 HDOOI^S J^l<rX3 BIL.I3S]~I3S. 
 
 T£R]^IS CASH. 
 
 268 
 
LUMBER AND KINDRED BRANCHES OF TRADE. 269 
 
 engaged in the business and who arc well posted as to its extent, that 
 there were from 10,000,000 to 1 2,000,000 feet of Luni])or disposed 
 of, in Nashville, during 18G9, and that the trade, in all its depart- 
 ments, financially amounts to fully half a million dollars ($500,000) 
 per annum. Nearly, if not quite, all this vast amount was cut in 
 the timbered regions of Tennessee. The best Poplar known in this 
 section is obtained in Obion County, and tmnsported on the most 
 favorable terms over the Nashville and Northwestern Kailroad to 
 the very doors of the Manufacturers and Dealers. Yellow Pine, 
 for flooring purposes, and Poplar, of the finest quality, arc cut in 
 unlimited quantities in the regions bordering on the Cumberland 
 River — the great Lumber artery to this section, — and rafled here to 
 the doors of our Saw Mills at but little cost, or in the Tennessee 
 River Bottoms, and brought here over the various railroads that 
 center at this point, at reduced rate for transportation. Both the Hard 
 and Soft Woods of Tennessee are said to be unsurpassed in their uses 
 for various Agricultural Implements. AVc also might add the vast 
 quantities of Cedar and Cypress ; the latter largely used for Shingles, 
 and the former for Picketing, while the Oak, "VValnut, Ash and 
 Hickory of our section are entering largely into various Manufact- 
 ures, and are well supplied in unlimited quantities from native forests. 
 In some counties of our State, there arc thousands of acres of valu- 
 able Timber, which the hand of man has not touched. A major 
 portion of that being cut is brought to Nashville, and in all the vari- 
 eties enumerated our dealers are at all times enabled to supply de- 
 mands, cither from home or abroad on the most advantageous terras. 
 The market is looking up in every way, and the question would 
 naturally come up to us, can any plan be devised to stop the 
 trade that has been flowing in the direction of more Northerly States, 
 increase the demand for material that has no superior in its excel- 
 lence, encourage our own "kith and kin," develop its interests, and 
 transform Nashville into great Lumber Mart for the Southwest. 
 
 LUMBER DEALERS. 
 
 The houses engaged exclusive in the sale of Lumber are: Richard 
 B. Wright, Broad and High streets ; J. R. Cockrill, High and Dc- 
 monbrcun streets. Their yards are spacious and at all times filled to 
 repletion with the ]:»est Timber sold in the Nashville market. They 
 are, especially, prepared to meet the orders of contractors at all times 
 with a large line of seasoned Pine, Pojilar, and Cedar Lumber ; 
 White Pine Sash, Doors and Blinds, and pay particular attention to 
 the sale of the most durable material. 
 
k: s» rM? j^ KB :1c X Si sm :m: x» m: res' :a. s 4t «» . 
 
 NASHVILLE, - - - TENNESSEE. 
 
 — a> > ^» 
 
 DEALER IN ALL KIXDS OF 
 
 SHINGLES AND ROUGH LUMBER. 
 
 ^1 ■ 9t 
 
 Packing Boxes made to Order on Short Notice. 
 
 YARD OPPOSITE OLD THEATRE. 
 
 _^ 
 
 OI^SISn-VE TPIE FOLLOAVING PKICES: 
 
 CXEAR WHITE PINE FOUR PAlVWEIi ©OORS. 
 
 1-1 3— 7 Eaised and Moulded, both sides U 00 
 
 1^ 2— 10><1 G— 10 Eaised and Moulded 3 75 
 
 1^2—8X16—8 " " " 3 25 
 
 1^2- 8!x^G—G " " " 2 75 
 
 SASH BOORS. 
 1^ — 3><|7 4 00 
 
 SASH. 
 
 8 — 10 12 Lights to window, per window 1 00 
 
 10 — 12 " " " " '• " 1 20 
 
 10—14 " " " " " " 1 30 
 
 10 — iG " " " " " " 1 50 
 
 10 — 18 " " " " " " 1 60 
 
 10 20 '' " " " " " 1 75 
 
 12 — IG " " " " " " 1 50 
 
 WINDOW BlilNDS. 
 
 8—10 2 00 
 
 10—12 2 50 
 
 10—14 3 00 
 
 10—16 3 50 
 
 10—18 3 75 
 
 10—20 4 00 
 
 270 
 
LUMBER AND KINDRED BRANCHES OF TRADE. 271 
 
 Mr. Richard B. Wright sold, from his yard, during 1863, between 
 3,000,000 and 4,000,000 feet of Lumber, and at nearly all times car- 
 ries from 1,000,000 to 1,500,000 feet, so that purchasers, cither in 
 the City or from adjacent towns, can select from his extensive stock all 
 that may be desired. 
 
 Mr. J. R. Coekrill cuts and saws his own Lumber, having control 
 of a Saw INIill, located about seven miles from the City on the Ilills- 
 boro Pike. 
 
 SAW MILLING ESTABLISHilENTS. 
 
 In close proximity to the City, there are three extensive Saw Mills, 
 all fronting on the river. These firms are engaged in sawing for 
 the jS'ashvillc trade, and have facilities for conducting the business 
 properly, and on the most extensive scale. They arc as follows : 
 M. C. Goldberg & Son ; Wm. Sutherland & Co. ; and McClay & 
 Hartwell. 
 
 Messrs. Wm. Sutherland & Co. are the proprietors of the Edge- 
 field Saw and Planing Mill. Their establishment is located in con- 
 venient proximity to the City, being on the north bank of the Cum- 
 land River, between the Railroad and the Suspension Bridges, and 
 directly opposite to the Public Square. They work an engine of 80- 
 horse power and employ about 45 men. Last year this firm handled 
 about 3,000,000 feet of Lumber and have made preparations for 
 4,500,000 for 1870. Their facilities for drying Lumber are perhaps 
 unsurpassed in this locality. Recently they have erected a Dry 
 Kiln of the Quaker, Johnson & Sumner patent, which they claim to 
 be the most thorough, successful and efficient apparatus for drying 
 Timber, Lumber or Staves ever before seen in this locality, and 
 which enables them to bring their business down to a perfect clock- 
 work system. This Kiln is built in the shape of an inclined plane 
 and is over a brick tunnel 125 feet long, IG feet wide, and three feet 
 in the ground. One end of the Kiln is three feet higher than the 
 other. Through the center of the building runs a railroad capable 
 of holding ten cars with 2,000 feet of Lumber each. A large volume 
 of hot air passes up from the furnace below but docs not injure the 
 Lumber. When a car-load of Lumber is properly seasoned it is 
 taken out at the lower end and its place supplied at the upper by a 
 car-load of green wood, so that at all times ten cars of Lumber are 
 being dried. Messrs, Sutlu^rland & Co. also manufacture and have 
 for sale Sash, Doors, Blinds, Flooring, Wcatlicrboaixling, Molding, 
 Mantelpieces, etc. 
 
EDGEFIELD 
 
 (Between the Eailroad iind Suspension Bridges.) 
 
 WM. SUTHERLANB & CO., PROPRIETORS, 
 
 SIAXUFACTUREES OF 
 
 »3 
 
 Pit; 
 
 Uii! 
 
 FLOORING, WEATHERBOARDING, 
 
 MOLDING, MANTELPIECES, etc., etc., etc.. 
 
 ALL KINDS OF 
 
 Sawed to order, 
 
 Our facilities for 
 
 are iiiisiiroasseii. 
 
 We invite the attention of CONTKACTOES, BUILDERS and 
 
 DEALERS IN LUMBER, to the immense stocks 
 
 we at all times carry. 
 
 Wm. SUTHERLAND & CO. 
 
 272 
 
LUMBER AND KINDRED RRANfllES Ol' TRADE. '27o 
 
 The Messrs. M. C. Goklhcrg & Son arc i\\v jjroprictor.s of the 
 Champion Saw IVIill.s, located on tlic South hunk of the Cumberland 
 lliver immediately above the City Water Works. Although we 
 were unable to visit this establishment personally in time for our 
 jjublication, yet we were informed by Lumber men well acquainted 
 with their establishment that they have one of the largest concerns 
 of the character in the vicinity of Kashville, and that their facilities 
 enable them to turn out from r),000,000 to I/IOO.OOO feet of Lumber 
 per annum. 
 
 i\Icssrs. McClay ct Ilartwell are the pro[)rietors of the Cumber- 
 land lliver Manufacturing Company's Saw Mills. Their establish- 
 ment faces the City at the foot of Church Street. They begun ope- 
 rations here in 1<SG9 and sawed about 2,000,000 feet of rium])er. 
 
 8ASII, BLIND AND DOOR MANUFAOTIJEERS. 
 
 The firms, engaged either exclusively or ])artially in the above 
 branch of business, are quite numerous, and we are not very certain 
 after all our " note taking " that we will get them properly classijSed. 
 Yet they are branches of business that must be written up no matter 
 how much " tramping " it requires of the writer. We had hoped, 
 also, to give a more detailed account of the facilities they have, but 
 it must suffice when we say that the machinery employed in these 
 various Planing Mills, Sash Factories, Turning and Scroll Sawino- 
 establishments is truly remurkal)le for its efficiency; and that those 
 establishments occupied in preparing the various parts of Wood- 
 work required in buildings can supply Builders at a much cheaper 
 rate than the latter can produce them in their own workshops with- 
 out the aid of machinery. These firms not only manufacture Sash, 
 Blinds, Doors, etc., but also deal in all kinds of Dressed Lumber 
 Partition, Weatherboards and Shelving, Timber, Joist and Scantling. 
 The ])rincipal firms engaged in this line of business are those of ^Y. 
 U. McFarland, 84 North College Street; Warren ct Moore, 55 South 
 High Street; Turbiville & Fulcher, Cedar Street near Nashville & 
 Chattanooga Railroad Depot; IT. D. Kent, corner Hynes and Ewing 
 Streets; Ferguson & Creighton, 310 South Cherry Street. 
 
 W. R. McFarland, in addition to his dealings in Sash, Blinds, 
 
 Doors, etc., has also made a specialty of Packing Boxes and has ca- 
 
 jxacity for manufl^cturing from 800 to 1,000 per day. He also deals 
 
 extensively in all kinds of Dressed Flooring, Shingles and Rough 
 
 Lumber, as well as in all the articles before enumerated. 
 
 ^[essrs. Warren S: ]N[oore have one of i]\v largest concerns in this 
 18 ^ , 
 
p. J. SEXTON, 
 
 d 
 
 AND CONTKACl'Orw FOR 
 
 HOUSE BUILDING, 
 
 OrriCE AND SHOPS, 
 
 No. 63 North Vine Street, 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 Builders & Contractors, 
 
 AND rROPRIETOKS OF 
 
 mi, DOOUHD BlUD fUIORt, 
 
 55 South High Street, between Church and Broad, 
 
 NASHVILLE, - TENNESSEE. 
 
 Seasoned Yellow Pine and Poplar Flooring, 
 
 cmcM.M^'M.im «* 
 
 274 
 
LUMBER AXD KINDRED BRAXCHES OF TRADE. 275 
 
 branch of industry in Nashville, and arc well projiarod to furnish ar- 
 ticles in their line at the lowest rates. Enjoying the double advan- 
 tage of being not only skilled but experienced business men they 
 have accumulated a vast patronage which places them in the front 
 rank of their business. 
 
 Messrs. Turbivillc & Fulchcr have an establishment admirably and 
 completely supplied with machinery that is of the greatest labor- 
 saving nature and which enables them to i)rosccute their work with 
 regularity, dispatch and the greatest efficiency. 
 
 The Sash and Blind Factories of Messrs. li. D. Kent, Ferguson 
 & Creighton and J. W. McCulloch may also be ranked among the 
 most prominent and extensive. 
 
 BUILDERS AXD COXTRACTOR.S. 
 
 Some of the firms engaged in the manufacture of Sash, Blinds, 
 etc., also take Buildings on contract. The most prominent of these 
 are Warren & Moore, Turbivillc & Fulcher, and Ferguson & 
 Creighton. But those engaged especially in fulfilling large contracts 
 are the Messrs. Simmons & Phillips, whose establishment is located 
 on the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad between Church and 
 Broad Streets; Haynie & Chilton, 175 South College Street; Spain 
 & Dunnivant, 38 South High Street; P. J. Sexton, 63 North Vine 
 Street; W. H. Northern, 78 Demonbreun Street; and Jacob O 
 Wright & Bro., 27 South College Street. There arc besides these a 
 legion of what might be termed "Carpenter Shops" in the City, but 
 the foregoing may be called the leading houses in their business,' and 
 are prepared to receive and execute orders for building Houses in the 
 most improved and modern styles. To their taste and judgment, as 
 well as their experience and good workmanship are the citizens of 
 Nashville to-day indebted for many of the neat and comfortable, and 
 in many instances, splendid and elegant structures that grace almost 
 every thoroughfare of our City. 
 
 Live Stock. 
 
 The Live Stock })usiness of Nashville is another branch of trade, 
 whose immensity is scarcely ever thought upon, save l)y those direct- 
 ly and personally concerned in it; and, yet, were it entirely removed 
 from our midst the change would be felt very percei^tibly. Through- 
 out all of the Spring and Fall months of the past season, immense 
 droves of Mules and Horses, in one incessant stream, as it were, have 
 
270 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 pa.ssed through our City, en route South. This woukl seem to in- 
 dicate increased energy and industry in Southern agriculture. 
 Whether we claim the bulk of sales for our own market, or not, the 
 business materially benefits Nashville anyway since Nashville rail- 
 roads are patronized. During the season, a large number of Stock 
 Drovers from Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, to say nothing 
 of the large number from the adjoining counties of Tennessee, have 
 rendezvoused at Nashville— made this their point of sale, and escaped 
 tlie liability of disease, which the difference of climate would cause 
 were their droves transported directjfrom Indiana or Ohio, to Georgia 
 or Alabama. This gives us flattering hope for the future success of 
 Nashville as a Stock market, possessing, as we do, the happy medium 
 of a temperate climate. There is also an advantage in Nashville as 
 a pointof shipment. At Louisville but one linesouth isopened up to the 
 Drover or Purchaser; but at Nashville we have two lines leading di- 
 rectly into the heart of the Cotton States, and another almost as di- 
 rect. Delays in the shipment of Stock are always attendant with 
 heavy expense, and Drovers invariably seek, or should seek, a point 
 best provided with means of transportation. Compared with the 
 Horses of Tennessee and Kentucky those of Ohio, Indiana and other 
 Northern States, are decidedly inferior for general use in the South. 
 The former, although lighter built, Stock Raisers say, are better on 
 account of their ability to stand heat, than the lubberly, big-footed 
 Stogas of the Nor'west. The Mules that find market here are the 
 very best that are raised in Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio and Indiana, 
 and are hardy and easily acclimateil. The shipments of Stock over 
 the railroads and turnpikes south from this point, during the past 
 season, would aggregate about 35,000 head, of «vvhich number the 
 Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad, alone, transported 28,000, whicli 
 is exactly 1,400 car-loads, averaging 20 head to the car-load. Of the 
 35,000 head of Stock, one-sixth, or say 6,000, were Horses, and the 
 remainder, or 29,000, were Mules. Then, to give some idea as to 
 the immensity of the business, say that we average, 
 
 29,000 Mules, at i|175. each §5,075,000 
 
 6,000 Horses, at 125. each 750,000 
 
 Total, $5,825,000 
 
 and it will be seen that the business is of much greater importance 
 than was at first supposed. Of the entire amount, Nashville dealers, 
 proper, claim to have done, at the lowest calculation, one-sixth of the 
 «ntire trade, or to the extent of o/ie million dollars (§1,000,000). 
 
BY STAIl 
 
 Xo. 120 North Cherry Street, 
 
 NASHVILLE, 
 
 TENNESSEE- 
 
 fp% -i 
 
 HORSES AND MULES 
 
 Wholesaled and Retailed. 
 
 mi KINDS OF STOCK BOUGH! JlliD SOLD 
 
 ON COMMISSION. 
 
 Accommodated with Stalls and Lots, and particular at- 
 tention paid to receiving and shipping STOCK. 
 
 Carriages, Barouches and Buggies 
 
 Of every variety for Hire. 
 
 This is one of the largest and best appointed Stables in 
 the South, and after near twenty years in the business in 
 this city, I can contidently refer to the community at large 
 for endorsement. 
 
 Correspondence promptly attended to, and Orders faithfully filled. 
 
 M. S. COMBS. 
 
278 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 This would seem entirely fr.ir, and the more so when we remember 
 that the past season brought to our City a large uuml)er of specida- 
 tors, whose dealings we have put in no claim for, and which, if added, 
 would swell the amount very considerably. 
 
 Nashville dealers in Stock arc beginning to appreciate the favorable 
 surroundings that our City possesses for this business, the richness of 
 herbage, so favorable to Stock-raising, and their consequent ability to 
 accomodate Drovers on the most advantageous terms. They are also 
 possessors of large and comfortable stables and sheds, and these, 
 added to many other advantages, will work greatly in the favor of 
 Nashville's future in this respect. Among those best provided for 
 the reception and accommodation of large droves of Stock, we would 
 mention the Derby Stables, M. S. Combs, proprietor, No. 120 North 
 Cherry street; Crouch & Elder, No. 13 South College street; S. T. 
 Widner, No. 83 North Market street; E. T. Craig & Son, No. 121 
 North Cherry street; and Hanmer & Co., No. 53 North Front street. 
 There are, in addition to these, quite a number of Livery and Feed 
 Stables in the City, <lealing more or less in the same line. 
 
 Cattle, Hogs and Sheep. — There is also a very considerable 
 business done here in the way of Cattle, Sheep and Hogs, both in 
 the way of shipments and in supplying the local demand for slaught- 
 ering. The most extensive dealers in this line, are : George Morse, 
 No. 231 North Market street; and T. C. Milsom & Co., No. 165 
 North Market street; each of whom have extensive Stock Yards. 
 There are in, or near, the City some forty firms of Butchers, each one 
 having stalls in the City Market-House. By close computation, it 
 has been estimated, that these firms slaughtered, during 1869, not 
 less than 10,500 head of Cattle, 17,000 head of Sheep and 500 head 
 of Hogs. In addition to this, about 2,500 head of Cattle and 6,000 
 head of Hogs were shipped from Nashville during the year 1869. 
 The shipments of Sheep were small. Then, if we desire to make an 
 estimate of the business in dollars, take the figures that Butchers 
 and Dealers say are fair averages, and we have, in toto 
 
 13,000 Cattle, 7501h beef each, average 4 cents lb !?380,000 
 
 6,500 Hogs, 2001t) meat each, average 7 cents ft Gl ,000 
 
 1 7,000 Sheep, $2 per head 42,500 
 
 300 Veals, $4 per head 1,200 
 
 Total, $414,700 
 
FASHION BAZAARS. 279 
 
 The ibregoing arc the nuniimun bases for tlie articles (|Uotc(l, and 
 would, if quoted up to their full price, no doubt, aggregate much 
 more. In conclusion, we will remark that in general the quality of 
 Stock, finding market at Nashville, is much better than in the years 
 aback. It is also improving, as our Stock-raisers arc paying more 
 attention, of late, to the selection of blooded breeders. 
 
 The Fashion Bazaars of Nashville. 
 
 Our task would not be complete without some account of the firms 
 in Nashville who, by their liberal use of Printers Ink, have made 
 their names as familiar as " household words." Who have been the 
 most lavish patrons of the Press, and in turn have been furnished 
 by Newspapers, Magazines and Books, wings with which the fame of 
 their establishments has flown to every city, town and village of the 
 South. Such illustrious examples are found among trades that have 
 grown to the proportions of Standard Departments, and which we 
 are pleased to term the Great Fashion Bazaars of Nashville. 
 These embrace Dress Goods and Millinery Bazaars, Clothing Empo- 
 riums, Gents Furnishing Stores and Fancy Hat and Shoe Houses. 
 No firms in any other branch of business equal these houses in the 
 extent and novelty of their local advertising. Every possible means 
 to arrest public attention is availed of, and often genius of a high 
 order is displayed in their selections of methods. We admit that 
 Avheu our labors first begun we selected a text — i. c. The Wiolcsak 
 Trade of Nashville — yet the admission of houses above-mentioned, 
 since they do not conflict with others, and even if they did, would be 
 entitled to consideration anyhow, will, we hope, find no objection in 
 the eyes of rival houses. We place them here, then, confident that 
 men whose staunch character, energy and capital have advanced their 
 pursuits to first-class positions and in their efforts have succeeded in 
 diverting an immense business from its northward flight, brought it 
 back to its former channel, or created new demands — demand for 
 them attention, and are facts not the imaginings of the writer merely, 
 but the result of figures, and which our readers should look well to. 
 
 The dealings of these houses are for the most part in the best and 
 most fashionable fabrics, and by the exercise of most vigilant atten- 
 tion to the wants of their customers, they have certainly become 
 among our most popular tradesmen. Where's the Rock City belle 
 or beauty of adjoining town who would rest contented with a dress for 
 •church, for party, ball, or trousseau /or wedding other than fruiii the 
 
^ s}^ RKM asj^/o^ eS 
 
 ^m 
 
 Opposite Maxwell House. 
 
 Business Suits, Reception Coals, 
 
 Yoiitliis' BiLsiiie88 and Dress Suits, 
 
 If f H ¥ TH 
 
 IlillIJi iii^U 
 
 CHILDREN'S SUITS, variety of Styles, 
 
 ROCK CITY AND TRUE FIT SHIRTS, 
 
 LAPOMTE Kin GLOVES, all Colors, 
 
 mmi BRACE, SOLE LEATHER TRUNKS AND BAGS, 
 Scarfs, Ties, Handkerchiefs, etc. 
 
 r^ roff^ fl&T • 
 
 3 IMortli Cliei-ry Street. 
 
 W^8M¥mE,E^ 
 
 280 
 
FASHION I5AZAARS. 281 
 
 Fashion Bazaars of Nashville? Or what Beau Brummel of village 
 or city woukl dream of airing the styles a la mcylc made and cut 
 elsewhere than in Nashville? In all seriousn&'^s, we are of the opin- 
 ion that few pursuits are more willingly patronized, and the Flora 
 McFlirasey's of Tennessee, supplied with all the royalty and elegance 
 of Nashville fashions, made and patterned after the latest New York, 
 Ijondon and Paris styles, have sulxstitnted for the olden exclamation 
 of '^ Nothing to Wear," the modern interrogatory "Which shall I 
 Wearr 
 
 Strangers from afar look Avith wonder on the splendid stores with 
 their magnificent stocks. All styles, all fashions, all grades, all 
 novelties, as soon as they are suggested hy popular ideas, popular 
 songs or popular expressions, find counterparts or application imme- 
 diately as the nomenclatures of " something new." Dry Goods, 
 Cloaks, Shawls and Bonnets of various colors, shapes and designs 
 for ladies, and Coats, Pante, Hats, Ties and Collars for gentlemen 
 arc christened almost daily, and some too most appropriately. An 
 attempted description in detail of all that may be seen and learned 
 in passing through these establishments, hoAvever interesting it might 
 be, would be a task too voluminous for our purpose, and a descrip- 
 tion any thing short of particularity would furnish no adequate con- 
 ception of such interminable, and we might say, almost countle«s 
 varieties. Buying on the best terms, directly from first hands, and 
 paying no double or tripple profits, experience has taught them that 
 more economy can be practiced in the selection of the best and most 
 durable goods — for the l)est are always the cheapest — their methods 
 present impressive arguments which the wise and prudent c-annot 
 resist. 
 
 Prompted by our gallantry but not more than by a desire to fur- 
 nish to our lady readers (who no doubt are already on the qui i^ive 
 for such information) we first point to the places where such sights 
 may be seen and such purchases made, commencing with 
 
 The Dry Goods and Millinery Bazaars, — And to comport 
 with the dignity of the subject, place at the liead of the Trade such 
 extensive houses as Thompson Brothers & Kelly, No. 10 North Sum- 
 mer Street; R. T. Kirkpatrick & Co., No. 58 North College Street; 
 W. A. Benson & Co., No. 50 North College Street; Beech, Manlove 
 & Co., No. 60 North College Street; Fletcher & Crockett, No. 102 
 Church Street ; and E. & J. Northman, No. 20 Public Square, Avho 
 deal exclusively in fine Dry Goods, Silks, Satins, Linens, Hosiery 
 and Goods of first-rate quality. 
 
DEALERS IN THE 
 
 CET_,EBri^TED 
 
 9 
 
 YOKE SHIRT ! 
 
 AND ALL KIKDS OF 
 
 Men's Fine Furnishing 
 
 GooJs seul W Eipss, C. 0. D., to all parts of 
 tie conntry, at prices tliat defy competition. 
 
 THE LARGEST ASSORTMENT OF HATS & CAPS IN THE CITY. 
 
 All tlio Intcst 3fow York Sl.vlos always on SiniKi. 
 
 41 N. Ch-erry Street. 
 K. T. KIRKPATRICK. S. B. KIRKPATRICK. SUMNER KIRKPATRICK. 
 
 R. T. Kirkpatrick & Co 
 
 M 
 
 No. 5S Nortli College Street, 
 
 iNASHVlLLE, 
 
 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL DEALERS IX ALL KINDS OK 
 
 STAPLE AND FANCY DRY GOODS, 
 
 OF THE BEST MAKES, NEWEST DESIGNS, AND AT THE 
 
 V E li, Y L O TV E S 'P POSSIBLE 3? K, I C IG S . 
 
 Particular attention p li;! to fuvnisliiiiK 
 
 BRIDAL TROUSSEAUS AND DRESSES FOR PARTY AND EfENIKU 
 ENTEi.TAINMENTS. 
 
 2S2 
 
1). C. UOUGLA.SS. 
 
 r,. I). SOLOMON. 
 
 '^Jvil®yj5''^«lfffi5a<M!I3E!iffi!^^ 
 
 O F 
 
 iim ljj. . i ' n.Tj i.-ii ' .nrr«'.-'-»u>J*»»'-u -1 iro g: 
 
 HATTERS, FURRIERS, 
 
 AND DEALERS IN 
 
 i;[tlI[[NI[nrill[FURIilSIIIIIG GOODS, 
 
 UiVlBRELLAS, CANES, AND 
 
 TRA.vELiisra B^as, 
 
 No. 23 Hortli Cterry Street, lietwecii U'liioii aiil CliBrcli, 
 
 NASHVILLE, - TENNESSEE. 
 
 28a 
 
^ 27 A 2« N. Cherry Street, U 
 
 . . Alwaj's keep on hand a large uud well assorted Htock of 
 
 H 
 
 <1 
 
 CI 
 
 AND 
 
 ^GENT'S FURNISHINfi fiOODS,^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 r I And make prices as low as auy 
 
 D h 
 
 F I R S T C L A S S H O IJ « K . b 
 
 ^S H I R, T S< 
 
 m Are a speciality of our business, and wo pay partic- [- 
 Q ular attention to making them i 
 
 <| ^ 
 
 V| And get them up in any stylo, and guarantee a , 
 
 n PERFECT FIT, P 
 
 And satisfaction in every particular. ^ 
 <\ 284 
 
FASHION BAZAARS. 285 
 
 The leading Millinery establishments are those of Mrs. P. Early, 
 S'o. .34 North College Street; Mrs. J. C. Barry, No. 38 Public 
 Square; Mrs. A. E. Bohan, No. 35 Union Street; Mrs. Kennally, 
 STo. 49 Union Street; Mrs. Miller, North C'herry Street; Miascs E. 
 k A. Barry, No. 38 North Summer Street; Mrs. E. Tynes, No. 133 
 ;:!hurch Street; and Miss Nettie McCabe, No. 137 Chureh Street. 
 [here arc also the houses of A. Miller, 8 Union Street; Guntrath & 
 M'hiff, 39 Cherry Street; O'Kecfe & AValsh, 29 Church Street; and 
 ll. Davis & Co., 131 Church Street, who are dealers in all kinds of 
 ^ancy Goods, such as Fringes, Buttons, Laces, Trimmings of all de- 
 criptions, etc., etc. So much for the ladies, and now for the 
 jentlemen. 
 
 Clothing Emporiums and Gents Furnishing Stores. — 
 rhis trade, especially, is one of animated competition, and may be 
 anked among the most important. All classes of fine work are to 
 )c found here displayed, and particular attention is paid to those 
 tyles, qualities and sizes most in vogue with the beau mande for the 
 ;cntlemcn engaged in the trade, are all of long experience and un- 
 loul)tcd ability. These houses are located as follows : H. A. Hunt- 
 ngton, No. 3 North Cherry street (opposite Maxwell House); Gray 
 fe Noble, No. 29 North Cherry street ; Ely & Whitesides, (successors 
 o R. H. Thompson) No. 41 North Cherry street ; John Browne 
 Merchant Tailor), No. 36 North Summer street ; George B. Abbott 
 Merchant Tailor), No. 41 Union street ; Douglas & Solomon, No. 
 J3 Nortli Cherry street; J. A. J. Rose, No. 20 Public Square; F. 
 Jvlein (Merchant Tailor), No. 78 North Cherry street. Without dis- 
 jaragement to the efforts of other dealers in other branches, we be- 
 ieve ourselves uttering the truth if wt say that the foregoing firms, 
 IS a class, have displayed an amount of enterprise that has no pre- 
 !edents among the business houses of Nashville, and since no one 
 !an predict with confidence the future of great commercial houses, 
 ^et, in accordance with that unremitting industry exhibited, these 
 gentlemen certainly are entitled to the patronage and good wishes of 
 ill our citizens, who a})prcciate enterprise, conjoined with a high 
 )rder of mercantile integrity, 
 
 IjEADino Boot, Shoe and Hat Houses. — The same remarks 
 ippHcable to the other houses, may be applied to the leading fancy 
 l)0()t, Shoe and Hat Houses of Nashville; csjK'cially that portion re- 
 j;arding industry and enterprise, in conducting their business, and 
 3aution, taste and knowledge of the trade in the selection of gooda. 
 Great care and attention is paid by these houses to the purchase and 
 
■M:m'M^j^.-amiL-m:mmm:jE:m9^ ... - - -mmAm, 
 
 JOHN BROWNE, 
 
 MEKCHANT 
 
 TAIL 
 
 5 
 
 36 N. SUMMER STREET, 
 
 Nashville, - Tennessee. 
 
 286 
 
W. A. BENSON. 
 
 L. P. BENSON. 
 
 R. F. BROWN. 
 
 ■ a »□ 
 
 nm. 
 
 DEALERS IN 
 
 TIC DRY GOODS, 
 
 SHIlDfi 
 
 i.i»o»IIJD[|IC[ CURTAINS, 
 
 No. 50 North College Street, 
 
 Wc will keep constantly on hand a large and well selected stock of 
 
 Consisting in part of 
 
 SILKS, RIBBONS, LAGES, WHITE 600DS, 
 
 Of every description. 
 
 LINENS, of all kinds, GLOVES, HOSIERY, 
 
 And all endlws variety of 
 
 IsT O T I O IsT S , 
 
 And every species of Merchandise usually kept in a first class Dry Goods Ilouwe. 
 
 Our stock of 
 
 Is large, and will be sold cheap. Wc solicit an examination of our Ktock, feeling aa- 
 sured that Avo can ofler inducements to our friends and the public, both in price and 
 (luality, to tiade Avitli us. 
 
 287 
 
288 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 sale of the very finest classes of work, and tlic latest and most novel 
 styles. 
 
 Those dealing exclusively in Boots and Shoes, are : T. E. Win- 
 stead & Co., No. 7 North Cherry street ; John Ramage & Son, No. 
 48 North College street; Chas. B. Hall, No. 47 North College street; 
 A. V. Rutland & Co., No. 19 Public Square ; Winstead Bros., No. 
 31 North College street, Sewancc Block ; B. R. Cutter & Gleaves, 
 corner Broad and College streets; and J. B. Love. No. 61 North 
 College street. 
 
 Those dealing in Hats, Caps and Furs, are : Douglas & Solomon, 
 No. 23 North Cherry street ; Gray & Noble, No. 29 North Cherry 
 street; Ely & Whiteside, 41 North Cherry street; Wherry & Son, 
 No. 21 Union street; Wain & Walker, No. 24 Public Square. 
 These are the fashionable Hatters of Nashville, and their goods be- 
 ing at all times the best and most modern they can be relied upon. 
 
 The Retail Trade of the Oity. 
 
 It is not to be expected that a detailed statement can be made of 
 the Retail Trade here in its various departments. Such a paper fully 
 elaborated, would, by far, too greatly transcend the limits not already 
 occupied in this work, delay its appearance, and demand a personal 
 sacrifice of time and means, which cannot now be entertained. Our 
 patrons and readers will be content, we are certain, with a general 
 outline of it as furnishing indication as to its extent and import- 
 ance. 
 
 The benefits of a healthy and progressive Retail Trade to a city 
 are not easily summed up or disposed of in a few words. It not only 
 supplies the city and county demand, but the inducements which it 
 offers, bring hither thousands up thousands of dollars from all por- 
 tions of Middle Tennessee, and from localities in other States, which 
 are made directly tributary to this market, by means of convenient 
 railroad communication. Every species of goods plain and common 
 to the most superb and costly articles are to be obtained here at prices 
 which vary but little from Eastern Retail figures, and, we believe, 
 every article in general use can here be found. The Retail merchants 
 of this City arc, as a body, a very intelligent class of men, and con- 
 stitute an element in our midst, which adds much to the enterprise, 
 prosjxirity and growth of the City. They will not suffer in com- 
 parison, in intelligence or business qualifications with those of any 
 other point. 
 
EETAIL TRADE OF THE CITY. 289 
 
 Their establishments are scattered over every quarter of the City. 
 In the business centers and in the suburbs, everywhere a group of 
 dwellings may be found, is some enterprising retailer, driving a good 
 business with his immediate locality, and adding something to the 
 importance and bustle of the City. Although there are a great many 
 of these houses keeping miscellaneous stocks, yet we feel confident 
 that the following figures will approximate the total number, and are 
 for the most part, those that have not been mentioned before. There 
 are about 100 firms retailing Dry Goods, 75 Boots and Shoes, 60 Cloth- 
 ing and Furnishing Stores, 30 Drugs, 225 Groceries. 100 Saloons, 35 
 Millinery Goods, 25 Confectioneries, 6 China Goods, and 25 Jewelry, 
 beside a numerous army of miscellaneous houses, so varied that it would 
 be indeed a herculean task to give a clear idea of their pursuits. 
 After having made a careful summary, we are able to place the Re- 
 tail houses of Nashville, all branches included, at not less than seven 
 hundred houses. AVe will not attempt an estimate of their business; 
 for anything short of a complete census would be incomplete, and we 
 might say unreliable, for man has not yet been gifted with inquisa- 
 torial powers sufficient to form any correct idea of trades, where large 
 dealers have a horror of Revenue Collectors, and small dealers ^ 
 penchant for making their vocations appear as large as possible, and 
 oftentimes swell their volumes beyond reason. 
 
 We shall now proceed to recapitulate, in detail, the results of our 
 investigations, with respect to their aggregate importance, in dollars 
 and cents. In some departments we were unable to obtain the de- 
 sired information, unless it were founded on surmises of the vaguest 
 nature, and prefering to make none but reliable reports, we have 
 given those departments the go-by. The following figures, then, are 
 given as our own conclusions after laborious and careful examination, 
 based partly on information furnished by merchants and Manufactu- 
 rers as to their own business; partly from a mean of estimates of 
 those having some knowledge as to the business of individual firms 
 in the several branches, and partly upon information furnished from 
 returns made to the Internal Revenue Department. 
 
 19 
 
£• &) J 
 
 -1>EALERS IN- 
 
 iTiPLi mD Fiiif 
 I Dl 
 
 1!! I> 
 
 No. 20 Public Square, 
 
 MILLINERY AND FANCY GOODS! 
 
 FAS H 1 O NAB L E 
 
 .HE, DEE 
 
 Mo. 38 Pnlilic Spare, - Mshvllle. Tennessee. 
 
 m 
 
 Particular attfintion paid to BRIDAL OUTFITS, aiul the Latest Styles of BONNETS, 
 DRESSES, CLOAKS, etc, PATTERNS CUT TO ORDER. Solicits orders from the 
 country. A fine assortnrent of the most fashional)le Ladies' Dress Trimmings, French 
 Artificial Flowers, etc., etc., for Bonnets or Hair, always on hand. 
 
 T. C. WINSTEAD. 
 
 R. O. WINSTEAD. 
 
 AXWELL HOUSE SHOE STOREl 
 
 T. E. WINSTEAD i 
 
 Trunks, Valis es, Trave ling Bags, etc. 
 
 Especial attention paid to the sale of the finest and most fashionahle kinds of 
 
 LADIES' AM CHILDREN'S fiAITERS, BOOTEES, SLIPPERS, etc, etc. 
 
 A fine assortment of the most excellent workmanship always on hand. 
 
 No. 7 NORTH CHERRY STREET, OPPOSITE MAXWELL HOUSE, 
 
 MARCUS C'RUMl*, Salesman. 
 
 290 
 
EECAPITULATIOX. 291 
 
 Agricultural Implements, Seeds, etc, S 425,000 
 
 Architectural Improvements, 2.oOO,UOO 
 
 Books, Stationery, etc., 400,000 
 
 Boots, Shoes and Hats, 2.0'l<) 000 
 
 China, Queensware and Glass, 500,000 
 
 Clothing, 800',000 
 
 Coal, (about) 220,000 
 
 Confectionery, etc., 400 000 
 
 Cotton, 4,000^000 
 
 I>r"g«, 900,000 
 
 Dry Goods, 3,380,000 
 
 Furniture, 750,000 
 
 Grain and Flour, 3,780,000 
 
 Groceries, 4,000,000 
 
 Hardware, 1,000,000 
 
 Hides and Leather, 600,000 
 
 Ice 40^000 
 
 Insurance Business, 7,50 000 
 
 Iron, etc., 500,000 
 
 Jewelry, etc, 330,000 
 
 Liquors, 3,000,000 
 
 Livestock,.... 1,414,000 
 
 Lumber and its Kindred Branches, 500 000 
 
 Musical Goods, etc, 125*000 
 
 Produce, 450^000 
 
 Provisions, 2,000,000 
 
 Saddlery, Coachware, etc., yOO oqO 
 
 Sewing Machines, 130 (jqq 
 
 Stoves, Tinware, etc., 800 000 
 
 Tobacco, Cigars, etc., 400,000 
 
 Toys, Fancy Goods, etc, 7,5 ooq 
 
 Wall Paper, 100/)00 
 
 Manufactures, (miscellaneous) ,5 qqo oqq 
 
 Total, $41,869,000 
 
 In view of this result — a result as unexpected by the author, as it 
 probably will be surprising to the reader — a result perhaps understated 
 but not overstated, and of which the constituents are given with suf- 
 ficient particularity, to enable any one of ordinary intelligence, who 
 doubts its correctness, to test the accuracy thereof, by a personal in- 
 vestigation; in view of this result then, may we not again, and truth- 
 fully, assert that Nashville is already a great trading point. 
 
HOTELS. 
 
 As the social and moral qualities of men or women are rated ac- 
 cording to the company they keep, the pretensions of a city to metro- 
 politan prominence are generally judged by the character of its 
 Hotels. Comfortable quarters and generous fare are ioducive to good 
 numor, liberality and fair dealing. In such a humor the Wholesale 
 Dealer prefers to jSnd his prospective customers; while it is equally 
 true that cramped, gloomy accommodations and unpalatable cookery 
 are formidable agents in driving trade from tliose points where they 
 are but too often the chief characteristics of trade establishments. A 
 capacious Hotel, well kept, handsomely furnished, tlioroughly ventila- 
 ted and in a central locality, actually amounts to many thousands of 
 dollars in the pockets of the business men who control the trade of 
 the place where it is situated, and we are glad to know that Nash- 
 ville in this respect is fully and ably prepared to surpass any city of 
 equal size in the United States. This may seem to persons Avho are 
 not familiar with our Hotels an extravagant assertion, yet we but re- 
 iterate the opinions of tourists and strangers who have recently visit- 
 ed our City and who have not only willingly admitted their excel- 
 lence in point of architectural beauty, magnificence, convenience and 
 general appointments, but in all matters pertaining to their cuisine 
 departments and general facilities for lodging guests. All travelers 
 use Hotels for three special purposes — shelter, eating and sleeping. 
 And in these requisite particulars we challenge our sister cities to 
 offer more approjiriate, luxurious and pleasant houses for the weary 
 traveler, the business man, or he who has only 
 
 " To take mine ease at mine inn," 
 
 than this same City of Nashville we are now discussing. However 
 when we come to particularize their claims for jjublic patronage we 
 must admit the embarrassing position that a writer is thrown in 
 who attempts complimentary discrimination, for in many instances 
 what characterizes one may in all appropriateness be applied to 
 another. 
 
 I 
 
MAXWELL HOUSE, 
 
 !^"*-=il... 
 
 iim. 
 
 % 
 
 
 
 :555EhS^^?e^ «^< v-5^v^* - 
 
 NASHVILLE, - - - TENNESSEE. 
 
 The above new and elegant Hotel, one of the neatest and most complete in its 
 arrangements and api)ointraentP, in the United States, is now open to the public. It 
 has 
 
 HUNDRED AND FORTY R08MS, 
 
 Elegantly furnished, spacious, convenient and admirably ventilated. Is supplieu with 
 Otis & Co's. latest improved and patented 
 
 PASSENGER AND BAGGAGE ELEVATORS, 
 
 Suites of Kooras, with Bath Eooms and Water Closets attached, and extra Batli Kooms 
 and Water Closets on each floor. The 
 
 CELEBRATED SULPHUR AND CHALYBEATE WATERS 
 
 of Nashville, supplied daily from tlie several springs. Also, the best Medicinal Waters 
 of the principal Mineral Springs of the United States, constantly on hand. 
 
 The Maxwell House was built, and is now owned by John Overton, Esq., of 
 Nashville, and is under the Management of M. Kean & Co., the well known Pro- 
 prietor of the Louisville Hotel. 
 
 Board, per day S-1 00 
 
 Single Meal 1 00 
 
 COCKTUY SIERCUAKTS b«M ""^i' t\\i^\v <;«mmIn in \'ashville, will be charged 
 
 only 83 00 in>r «lay. 
 
 Baggage ClucJccd in this Jloiise ovr nil h'ailroads. 
 
 Nashville, Tennessee. 
 
 293 
 
294 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 THE MAXWELL HOUSE. 
 
 This splendid structure, occupying an admirable site at the junc- 
 tion of Cherry and Church Streets, in the immediate heart of the 
 City, is a building in whicli the highest architectural skill has been 
 displayed, not only for the convenience and comfort of guests but for 
 the excellent and economical and systematic performance of the neces- 
 sary labor to conduct such a mammoth and magnificent house. The 
 Maxwell House is six stories high in its front elevation and seven 
 stories in the rear, counting the basement. It has 180 feet front on 
 Cherry Street and 170 on Church Street. There are in the building 
 two hundred and four sleeping apartments, besides elegant suites of 
 ladies and gentlemen's parlors, dining rooms, ordinaries, promenades, 
 corridors, and the grand rotunda, making in all two hundred and 
 forty rooms. The building is supplied with Otis & Co.'s latest im- 
 proved and patented Passenger and Baggage Elevators. 
 
 The cookery and laundry departments are run by steam and the 
 entire building is heated by steam — in truth, every thing is in keep- 
 ing with the most metropolitan and modern advancements in Hotel 
 arrangements, and language has not yet been invented terse and con- 
 cise enough to give in one breath its many conveniences. From its 
 elegantly furnished parlors and drawing-rooms to the farthest-re- 
 moved apartment in its top-loftical stories all is neatness, cleanliness, 
 splendor. Bath-rooms and water-closets are on each floor, while to 
 its general appointments are added a Telegraph and Railroad Ticket 
 Office, a News Depot, Shaving Saloons, Billiard Rooms, and a first- 
 class Bar. 
 
 The Maxwell House was erected at an outlay of about one-half 
 million of dollars, and was opened to the public during October of 
 last year, furnished and fitted in splendid style from top to bottom. 
 Since that time its success has been unprecedented in this section, 
 and we learn that by actual calculation not less than 12,000 names 
 were included in its register the first six months of its career. The 
 Maxwell House is owned by Mr. John Overton, of Nashville, a 
 gentleman whose wealth, enterprise and public spirit has marked him 
 as one of our most prominent citizens. It is under the control of 
 Messrs. M. Kean & Co., who are also the Avell-known proprietors of 
 the Louisville Hotel, Louisville, Kentucky. The senior of the firm 
 gives the " Maxwell " his whole and undivided attention, and to 
 whose liberality, enterprise and large-heartedness the Hotel to-day 
 owes a goodly share of its grand success. In the office of the Max- 
 
The above well known Hotel having: I'cccntl}^ been refitted and 
 refurnished, is now in complete order. Being situated in the busi- 
 ness center of the city, makes it a desirable stopjiing place for all 
 Travelers and Merchants visiting Louisville. 
 
 SFECI^^L R^GL'ES TO COUNTRY IMKRCH^ISI'TS: 
 
 liOiiisville, Kentucky. 
 
 Xortli College Street, 
 
 First door South of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. 
 
 The above House opened on October 12th, 1869, and is a new house; has new 
 Furniture, and is unsurpassed in its facilities and general appointments. 
 
 We claim to have the Cleanest, Neatest and Nicest house of its kind in the South. 
 
 JOEL A. BATTLE. 
 
 STEPHEN M. JONES. 
 
 City Hotel, 
 
 MSHYILLE, 
 
 TEMESSEE. 
 
 JOKL A. BATTLE <£ CO., Prop^'s. 
 
 295 
 
NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 296 
 
 well may be found a trio of gentlemanly clerks — Messrs. William M. 
 Bowles, F. M. Crawford and James Carr— well up in matters of affa- 
 bility, experience and attentiveness* The cuisine is under the super- 
 vision of Mr. Louis R; Kean, caterer and assistant general Superin- 
 tendent — a " chip of the old block" — who, like his worthy progeni- 
 tor, understands how to keep a hotel. The whole force employed in 
 running the establishment numbers one hundred and fifty persons, 
 and we verily believe none are retained who are wanting in efficiency, 
 in its strongest sense, for the most systematic order is preserved 
 throughout from parlor to kitchen. 
 
 The "Maxwell" enjoys an enviable situation as regards conve- 
 nience to the Business Centres, Railroad Depots, Steamboat Landings, 
 Churches, Public Buildings and points of interest about the Capital. 
 Special and reduced rates are made by the proprietors with merchants 
 and tradesmen visiting Nashville with a view of purchasing their 
 goods in this market, and tourists and travelers will find the " Max- 
 well " a most delightful place to stop at. 
 
 THE CITY HOTEL. 
 
 The City Hotel of Nashville dates its origin back to the days of 
 "Old Hickory," and will be remembered as the scene of the cele- 
 brated fight which occurred between General Jackson and the Hon. 
 Thos. Benton, in 1813, and which has been previously referred to 
 by us. From time immemorial it has been the rendezvous of many 
 of the prominent men of this section, and on its old register pages 
 might be traced the names of a legion of those, who, as it were, have 
 " moved nations in their day." Passing successively through the 
 hands of a long line of genial and hospitable landlords, in July, 1869, 
 it came into the possession of, and was opened under the most favor- 
 able auspices, by the present firm, Messrs. Joel A. Battle & Co., com- 
 posed of General Joel A. Battle and Mr. Stephen M. Jones. Re- 
 fitted, refurnished and renovated entire, it began a career whose suc- 
 cess has never flagged. 
 
 The City Hotel is situated on the east side of the Public Square, 
 in the very center of the Wholesale trade of our City, and is a most desir- 
 able stopping place for the country merchant, or visitor to the City. 
 It has 65 bed chambers, beside a full complement of parlors, sitting 
 rooms, etc. It is three stories high, without the basement and four 
 stories with it. It is built in the regular Southern Hotel style, hav- 
 ing long porticos extending the full length of the building. Its lo- 
 cation is high and airy, and the rear of the premises run back to the 
 
TACEY HOUS 
 
 ciiyRCH siii[[T, eii siiMMfR m higij, 
 
 IlA\'I.N(i UKKN ELK(iANl'I.V HKFITTKI). IS 
 IN CHARGE OF ITS 
 
 ORIGINAL PROPRIETOR, 
 
 •V* ]flB] cl. ^^^ £«. V* «& d^ H; sm C5 «^ y^ o 
 
 j» €> ]!ttr rw^ cd IV 
 
 ICE CREAM SALOON 
 
 CONFECTIONERY 
 
 OZANNE & OWEN, 
 
 CORNER SUMMER & UNION STREETS, 
 
 Having been engaged in this business for several years past, and being tlie oldest 
 firm in tlie trade in the city of Nasliville, we feel confident that our past promptness 
 and faithfulness in the filling of orders will secure for us the large patronage we have 
 hitherto enjoyed. 
 
 Our Saloon is in one of the most fashionable and retired quarters of the city. We 
 are at all times supplied with the rarest and choicest delicacies in our line, and pride 
 ourselves in having waiters prompt and attentive, and everything about us clean and 
 INVITING. Orders for 
 
 PARTIES, BALLS, BANQUETS, SUPPERS, PIC-NICS, etc., etc.. 
 
 Promptly executed. 
 
 We are the sole Proprietors of a newly patented 
 
 Recently Invented and Patented by Mr. Fkank Ozanne, of our firm, aud can furnish 
 the BEST ICE CREAM, made from PURE CREAM, in one hat.f TirE timkj required 
 by the "old time Freezers," and at prices tweny-five percent, cheai'eh than any 
 other house in the City. m^^'X.jm.im'TVm: «£ 0~'«%^:k:7Ws 
 
 Corner Union and Sumtner Streets. 
 
 297 
 
298 _ NASHVILLE AND HEE TRADE. 
 
 banks of the Cumberland River. From the windows of the Hotel a 
 most charming view of the City and of Edgefield, and their beauti- 
 ful surroundings is obtained. On account of its admirable system of 
 drainage the City Hotel was prominently spoken of as the Custom 
 House site, and this fact only renders it the more desirable as a Hotel. 
 To those who have been familiar with its history it need not be told 
 that under its present management the establishment is perhaps on a 
 better footing than has ever before been known, and strangers will find 
 themselves perfectly at home in the hands of the experienced pro- 
 prietors, courteous clerks and attentive waiters. The table is always 
 supplied with the very best that the market affords, and its lodging 
 apartments are unsurpassed. General Joel A. Battle, the senior of 
 the proprietors, will be remembered by many of his old comrades in 
 arms as the commander of the 20th Tennessee Regiment, of the late 
 " so-called." Patriarchal in appearance, and courteous and hospitable 
 by nature, he can not fail, by his genial presence, to inspire his guest 
 with a feeling of perfect ease and satisfaction. Mr. Stephen M. 
 Jones, of this firm, is a gentleman of enlarged hotel experience, and 
 in former days was the proprietor of the Commercial Hotel, Memphis, 
 Tennessee, and during the war, of the Augusta Hotel, Augusta, 
 Georgia. 
 
 THE STACEY HOUSE. 
 
 The Stacey House, under the control of its builder, owner and 
 proprietor, Capt. J. Edward Stacey, is on Church Street between 
 Summer and High, in one of the most central and fashionable yet 
 retired and convenient quarters of the City. The Stacey House was 
 built in 1863, and was conducted by Capt. Stacey with marked suc- 
 cess for a considerable time. He finally disposed of the property, 
 but lately repurchased it, and in 1869, after refitting and refurnish- 
 ing the establishment entire, opened under the most favorable au- 
 spices one of the neatest and best-arranged Hotels in this section. 
 The Stacey House has some sixty sleeping apartments, a diuing-hall, 
 tidy and comfortable, capable of accommodating one hundred per- 
 sons at one sitting, and many other conveniences modern and metro- 
 politan. Church Street is the dividing line North and South of the 
 City, and the Stacey House is at about its business center, and en- 
 joys unrivalled advantages for the entertainment of guests who de- 
 sire quietude conjoined with all the luxuries and most of the advant- 
 ages of city life. 
 
HOTELS. 
 
 THE COMMERCIAL HOTEL. 
 
 299 
 
 The Commercial Hotel, located at the corner of Cedar and Cherry 
 Streets, occupies a desirable centrality. It is on the opposite corner 
 from the new City Post Office and midway between the State Capital 
 and the Public Square. The Hotel is an old and well-established 
 house, and in days prior to the war was known as the "Verandah," 
 but during the war, if we mistake not, received its present title. 
 The Commercial has forty-one bed-rooms, besides parlors, family 
 rooms, bridal-chambers, etc. In addition, there is in convenient con- 
 nection with the office a News-Depot, Barber-Shops and a Saloon. 
 The present proprietor is Mr. J. G. Fulghum, and behind the count- 
 er may be found Messrs. Jos. LaPrade and W. H. Benton, ready to 
 do the agreeable to the weary traveler. Mrs. J. G. Fulghum gives 
 her entire attention to the culinary department, a fact which is at 
 once recognized as sufficient to insure for the Commercial a most 
 liberal share of trade and travel. The Hotel opened under its pres- 
 ent management in the early part of 1866, and on the whole has 
 been the most successful house of the kind in the City. It is the 
 headquarters of a large number of country merchants who come to 
 Nashville to trade. Convenient to Churches, Railroads and places 
 of interest about town, it has grown vastly popular. 
 
 LINCK's HOTEL. 
 
 This new Hotel and Restaurant, kept on the European plan by 
 Wm. T. Linck, Esq., is located on North College Street, first door 
 South of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Depot. The Linck 
 Hotel is owned and was built during last year by its present pro- 
 prietor. It is perhaps one of the cosiest and neatest establishments 
 of its kind in this section of country, and is as compact and conve- 
 nient a building as any traveler would desire to stop at. Bath-rooms 
 and water-closets are on each floor, and the utmost nicety and clean- 
 liness is preserved throughout t\e entire building. The Linck Hotel 
 dates its existence from the 12th of October last, at which time it 
 was thrown open to the public with everything in it new and first- 
 class. The Restaurant table is supplied at all seasons with delicacies 
 of home and foreign markets, and by no means the least noticeable 
 feature of the establishment is the elegant Bar well-fitted and well 
 stocked with everything in the way of drinkables. The European 
 plan has rendered the Linck Hotel exceedingly popular, and takes 
 well in Nashville. 
 
300 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 THE merchant's EXCHANGE. 
 
 The Merchant's Exchange Restaurant and Saloon is located on 
 North Cherry Street between Church and Union and nearly oppo- 
 site the Maxwell House. The Saloon of the " Merchant's " is under 
 the conduct of an enterprising and experienced firm — Messrs. Kin- 
 ney & Wand^ while the Restaurant department flourishes under the 
 personal supervision of the Jonnard Brothers, distinguished caterers 
 in this section. First-class and elegant in every particular, ihe ex- 
 tensive patronage it enjoys not only from Nashvillians but from 
 strangers who visit the City, is but a just recognition of its merits. 
 Centrally located, pleasantly surrounded and with everything about 
 the establishment admirably arranged, it offers inducements that can 
 not be ignored by those who seek comfort, convenience, luxury and 
 ease. The Saloon is one of the largest and best stocked in the City, 
 while the viands prepared for the Restaurant table are always of the 
 most inviting nature and bear the test of skill as exercised by a most 
 accomplished corps of cooks. Then, as if to crown all, polite and 
 efficient waiters attend the guest at every beck and call, making the 
 jSIerchant's decidedly inviting as to rest and refreshment. 
 
 ozANNE & Owen's restaurant. 
 
 The Confectionery, Ice Cream Saloon and Ladies' Restaurant of 
 the Messrs. Ozanne & Owen is situated at the corner of Summer and 
 Union Streets, in a retired yet central locality. This house is at all 
 times supplied with all delicacies in season, and have earned quite a 
 reputation for their promptness in filling orders. Mr. Ozanne of 
 this firm recently invented and patented a highly improved " Ice 
 Cream Freezer," which works like a charm, and is claimed to com- 
 bine economy with despatch. With this excellent auxiliary they are 
 prepared to meet extensive orders for Balls, Parties, Picnics, Wed- 
 dings, etc., at prices unapproachable in this section. 
 
 There are in addition to the foregoing quite a number of other 
 Hotels, small it is true, but are well kept and well patronized. They 
 are located as follows : 
 
 Nicholson House, a first-class house in many particulars, I. C. 
 Nicholson, proprietor, No. 185 Church Street. 
 
 St. Charles Hotel, 35 North Market Street, N. B. Hamilton, pro- 
 prietor. 
 
 Planters' Hotel, 83 North Summer Street, Mrs. S. A. Ballowe, 
 proprietress. 
 
AMUSEMENT PLACES. 301 
 
 Franklin House, 105 North College St., E. Franklin, proprietor. 
 Broadway Hotel, 82 Broad Street, Mrs. J. F. Keel, jiroprietre.ss, 
 Gordon House, 90 South Market Street, Jno. H. Dix, proprietor. 
 Kendrick House, corner Ciiureh and McLemore Streets, I^. ISIc- 
 Cabe, proprietor. , 
 
 AMUSEMENT PLACES. 
 
 An eminent writer on commercial topics tells us that "theatrical 
 exhibitions can not be too grand, too splendid, or too numerous, for 
 they are a kind of traffic, wherein a city receives all, yet pays out 
 but little. Vast numl^ers of people visit the capital of France, in 
 time of peace, actuated solely by the desire of f-eeing the French 
 opera, at Paris," and " many Frenchmen have gone all the way to 
 Madrid to witness the Spanish bull-fights; and the sources of reve- 
 nue derived in this manner are immense." Strangers are attracted 
 to Nashville by an advantageous commerce, by magnificent specimens 
 of architecture, by the salubrity of our climate, by the desire of 
 visiting the scenes of memorable events, by the desire of receiving 
 the cordial welcomes of our people, famed abroad for their hospital- 
 ity, and, not least, by the hope of enjoying some amusement or diver- 
 tisement first-class and modern, prepared for their especial edifica- 
 tion. AVe are prepared to make commercial overtures to them unsur- 
 passed, can point to some of the noblest specimens of architectural 
 skill to be found in the Union; have a climate of almost "eternal 
 Summer;" are rich in places of historic renown; and in everything 
 — but in the way of ArnKsem^nt — can render their stay among us ex- 
 ceedingly pleasant. Yet, " 'tis strange, passin:; strange," in this latt-er 
 commodity we are but poorly supplied, and our temples of the comic 
 and tragic muses are hardly up to the "ordinary average." This, 
 too, in the face of all the boasted dramatic and musical appreciation, and 
 amateur talent in our midst. There is no city in the Union that 
 we would acknowledge the superior of Nashville in point of elegant 
 and refined audiences, no dress circle anywhere that could ]>e made to 
 sparkle with more brilliant and beautiful women. Yet "tell it not in 
 Gath, nor proclaim it in the streets of Askalon," that we utterly ab- 
 negate the legitimateand standard drama — and this, we believe, is one 
 of Nashville's few — but greatest, requisites to render her a city vicing 
 in splendor with any of equal size in America. 
 
 Judged from a commercial point of view, we again argue in the 
 words of the writer above quoted : "When a traveler arrives in a city 
 and spends a dollar, the efiect is just the same as if he had remained 
 
302 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 abroad and sent it to the City, instead of coming and consuming it 
 here ; and is precisely similar to that of international commerce, in 
 which the profit made by the City, if not the whole or the principal 
 value received, at least, is a large per centage upon that principal. 
 But, if that City offers no especial attractions, how can we hope to 
 gain that dollar. We are quite certain that the merchant will not 
 come for every purchase that he makes, unless there be offered some 
 inducements to pleasure and recreation, and in ordering his goods he 
 will not enclose a dollar toward the support of an institution from 
 which he derives no benefit, while at a distance." Now the trade of 
 Nashville, as we have taken the pains to show, approximates fifty 
 millions of dollars ammally, and is it not reasonable to suppose that 
 out of this fifty millions at least one dollar in every five hundred would 
 be spent for Amusements? We think so. Then in such a case we 
 have here a pledged patronage of one hundred thousand dollars per 
 annum, to say nothing of the many thousands of dollars that would 
 be thrown out by local Amusement seekers, were a first-class Opera 
 House or Theater established in our City. This much we say by 
 way of suggestion, trusting that the subject will enlist the attention 
 of some one interested in such points. Nashville wants an 0})era 
 House or Theater Building badly. Her people and her visitors are too 
 metropolitan, too critical, too fastidious to be put off with places of 
 mediocre appearance, and accomodations, which neither accord with 
 their dignity, nor approach their ideas of respectability. 
 There are quite a number of Public Halls, Concert Rooms, etc., in 
 the City. The most prominent of these, are: The Masonic Temple 
 Concert Room, in Church street, between Cherry and Summer ; New 
 Theater, '-^corner Union and Summer streets; Old Theater, 122 North 
 Cherry street; Concordia Hall, Tost Office Building, Cedar and 
 Cherry streets; Turner Hall, 111 North Market street. 
 
 These halls await the orders of traveling troupes and minstrels 
 who stroll this way. 
 
 * Since the above was in type, the New Theater has been leased by a party of 
 gentlemen, with a view of making it a first-class Skating Eink. The name of the 
 house has been changed to " The Clfpper Skating Rink." Let us hope that it, at 
 least, will be successful. 
 
BUSINESS FACILITIES OF XASHYILLE. 
 
 Viewing Nashville with respect to situation, we may truthfully 
 remark that she possesses unrivalled means of communication with 
 the interior of the South and directly or indirectly with all points of 
 prominence in the United States. These facilities, which we group 
 together here for the purpose of preserving systematic arrangement, 
 embrace Railroads, River Facilities, Telegraphy, Express and Freight 
 Lines, and various other features highly essential in their relations to 
 trade. We are quite certain that there are many points connected 
 with these subjects of great importance which we shall in such un- 
 limited space be unable to discuss at length, yet we will undertake to 
 give the leading features since they are subjects that cannot be 
 ignored. 
 
 Our Railway System. 
 
 An examination of the Map of Tennessee and the contiguous 
 States will show that no other city of the South possesses a network 
 system of Railway communications so admirably arranged or near so 
 advantageous as Xashville. Standing, as it were, in the center of 
 the Union, midway between the Alleghanies and the Father of 
 Waters, in a valley remarkably level, with these iron arteries con- 
 verging and diverging in every direction, she is on the grand natural 
 highways from the Northeast and North to the South and Southwest, 
 and on the only direct route from the shores of the Atlantic to those 
 of the Pacific. In short, adopting the eloquent language of one who has 
 made the subject one of careful consideration, " it extends to all points 
 of the compass, pushes out toward the oceans, pierces the coal regions 
 in every direction, reaches eastward to the great sea-ports of the na- 
 
304 • NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 tion, drains the rich and fertile agricultural counties of our own 
 State, and extends westward toward the Rocky Mountains and the 
 gold regions beyond." 
 
 History records it that the people of Tennessee were not slow in 
 encouraging Railway enterprises, even when such matters were in an 
 embryo state. The Railway system of the United States commenced 
 about the year 1830, and had its start in a short road four miles long, 
 which was built for the transportation of ice from a small lake near 
 Boston to the sea. South Carolina, during the same year, began 
 the construction of the "Charleston & Augusta Railroad," 135 
 miles long, and finished it in 1833. We learn from a work pub- 
 lished in Nashville some years since, that " in 1831 a Railroad spirit 
 began to pervade the whole country, and then the Legislature of 
 Tennessee incorporated a number of Railroad Companies; but owing 
 to the want of the proper enthusiasm among our people, all these 
 projects slept. This state of public feeling was mainly attributable, 
 we suppose, to the severe money revulsion of 1836-7, which par- 
 alized, for a time, the efibrts of commerce. At any rate, it so effected 
 the prospects of the country, that the projected Railroads were aban- 
 doned, and the work not renewed with effect until 1845, when the 
 Georgia Roads, working their way Northward, approached Chatta- 
 nooga. The construction of these Roads spurred our people to vigor- 
 ous action, and the charters of the old enterprises of 1831 were re- 
 vived. The Nashville & Chattanooga, the pioneer of the State, was 
 then chartered, and some of the oldest and ablest heads of the City 
 labored zealously for its accomplishment. Among those foremost in 
 the work were John M. Bass, John M. Hill, Francis B. Fogg, An- 
 drew Ewing, A. O. P. Nicholson, V. K. Stevenson, John Bell, Wil- 
 loughby Williams, William Nichol, S. D. Morgan, Joseph T. Ellis- 
 ton and John Shelby. The vigilant and powerful Press, too, main- 
 tained the enterprise. But chiefly is the country indebted to the suc- 
 cessful and speedy accomplishment of this important work to the 
 sleepless energy of its former President, V. K. Stevenson. He not 
 only aroused by his ingenious eloquence, the people along the line to 
 the great necessity for this improvement, but, together with John C. 
 Calhoun and other energetic spirits of South Carolina and Georgia, 
 convinced their people of its importance, and secured their aid in 
 constructing it. Mr. Stevenson's letter of December 12th, 1846, to 
 Mr. Calhoun on the necessity for the Road was a forcible appeal for 
 it. We would be glad, did our space admit its insertion here, as 
 showing the state of the trade of Nashville then, and for the benefit 
 
OUR RAILWAY SYSTEM. 3C5 
 
 of the comparison that could be drawn from it, between the facilities 
 of trade enjoyed over the Chattanooga Road, and those had by the 
 old dirt roads, or even by our matchless TSfacAdamized turnpikes. 
 
 In the Summer and Autumn of 1846, John Edgar Thompson, the 
 celebrated engineer, with a corps of assistants, surveyed a line for 
 this Road and reported so favorably of its practicability and probable 
 cost, that his survey was adopted. From the concluding paragraph 
 of his report we quote the following : — " I will add, that the consid- 
 erations in favor of this work are so strong, ' its value to the farmer, 
 mechanic and traveler, so clear,' and its importance to the continued 
 prosperity of your City, so manifest, that I cannot for a moment be- 
 lieve that there will be lacking the enterprise or means necessary to 
 carry it through when the subject shall be properly brought before 
 the citizens of Tennessee. Its construction need not be a drain upon 
 their resources. A proper application of their time and labor will 
 enable them to complete most of the graduation and superstructure 
 without interfering wdth its ordinary operation, and the iron may be 
 made within the State, upon more favorable terms than it can be 
 procured from any other quarter, leaving but little of its cost to be 
 expended for foreign labor or materials, and making its construction 
 add to the activity of the population and the early development of 
 the resources of the State." 
 
 Of his reception, and the hospitality of the people, he further 
 says: — "I take this occasion to acknowledge the hos})italities to my- 
 self and assistants by the citizens of Tennessee upon the line of our 
 survey. It has been my fortune to have been professionally engaged 
 in nearly every section of the Union, but I have nowhere met Avith 
 so cordial a welcome, or observed such strong feelings manifested in 
 favor of any enterprise as by the people generally for this." INIr. 
 Thomson, says a record of that time, charged nothing for his ser- 
 vices upon this survey. 
 
 In the Summer of 1847, a proposition was made for the City of 
 Nashville to take |500,000 worth of stock in the Nashville & Chat- 
 tanooga Railroad Company, and the proposal wns, by an order of the 
 Board of Mayor and Aldermen, laid before the citizens to be tested 
 by the popular vote. The vote was taken on the 3d day of July, 
 and the result showed a large majority in favor of taking the stock. 
 To pay this stock subscription, the bonds of the City were issued in 
 the year 1849. In the meantime, however, work on the road had 
 commenced, and it was pushed forward with great energy, oven in 
 the face of the opposition of some of oui" citizens, who, believing that 
 20 
 
306 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 the Legislature had no power to authorize the City to issue bonds 
 for this road, took legal steps to restrain their issuance. The suit, 
 after having been carried to the Supreme Court, was there decided 
 favorable to the subscription. The indefatigable President of the 
 company was, during this time, canvassing the line of the road for 
 aid, and the records show that his duties were arduous indeed. Not- 
 withstanding the opposition it met, the road went rapidly forward 
 towards completion, and except a few mountain sections where the 
 earth frequently slid upon the track, was completed in December, 
 1853, having been entirely constructed in the short space of five 
 years. If we consider how this road passed for a great part of its 
 length what was then a wilderness, through solid mountains and over 
 and through deep and dizzy ravines, it must be regarded a great 
 work. 
 
 If we were asked what have been its advantages, we should point 
 to the magnificent store-houses that have arisen magic-like upon our 
 streets, and to their business, which, compared with that done over 
 the old dirt road or even over the MacAdamized road, is as 100 to 
 1,000. We should ask ourselves if we could now do v/ithout it? 
 
 We have said this much for this road because it was the pioneer 
 railway improvement in our State, and upon it was inaugurated the 
 Internal Improvement System so liberally endowed by our State 
 Leo-islatures of 1851-2 and 1853-4. In those years many of our 
 main lines of railroad received the bountiful aid of the State, and 
 are to-day mighty monuments of the wisdom thai placed them be- 
 yond peradventure. Tennessee and Nashville too, may feel proud of 
 the active part and interest they have in these great blessings of 
 •communication, these correctives of ignorance, which are building up 
 and improving our humanity. 
 
 Nashville, having now become aroused to the importance of rail- 
 way communication, urged upon the County the necessity of be- 
 comin*^ interested in other lines, and of aiding them. So, in March, 
 1853 th€ City and county voted a subscription of $1,000,000 to 
 four roads, as follows: To the Tennessee & Alabama, $200,000; to 
 the Louisville & Nashville, $300,000; to the Henderson & Nash- 
 ville $200,000; and to the Nashville & North-western, $300,000; all 
 which roads were put under construction and have gone forward 
 with mixed speed towards completion, as the difficulties opposed or 
 the energy enlisted allowed. 
 
 We come now to make separate mention of these roads, which in 
 their present development contribute so greatly to the prominence 
 
OUR RAILWAY SYSTEM. 307 
 
 of our City in every way. A¥e had hoped to present our readers 
 with more extensive notes regarding tlicir workings, but various 
 causes over which Ave had no personal control conspired to cheat us 
 of the desired information, and our report in consequence is necessa- 
 rily iiq^erfect. Such as is given may serve to show the reader that the 
 lines are of great importance, and that they possess facilities of trans- 
 portation to all points of prominence in the United States unsur- 
 passed by any other city of the South, as we have previously asserted. 
 
 NASHVILLE & CHATTANOOGA RAILROAD. 
 
 The eldest of our Railroads, and therefore the first to be spoken of, 
 is the Nashville & Chattanooga Road. But, as has been previously 
 stated, we do not attempt anything like a history of this or any of 
 the roads at present, and confine ourself more especially to their 
 connections of to-day. This road, during the dark days of the war, 
 suffered perhaps more than any of the roads coming into Nashville. 
 On its line immense armies of both sides were almost constantly con- 
 centrated, and some of the severest struggles of the campaign occur- 
 red on ground over which it runs. When the war closed the Road 
 was in the hands of the Government; but subsequently, having been 
 turned over to its owners, it began a career of prosperity which has 
 been highly satisfactory to its friends and those more intimately asso- 
 ciated with it. 
 
 This Road is the main thoroughfare connecting Nashville with 
 Virginia, the Carolinas, Georgia, Florida, and at present with Ala- 
 bama — indeed, it is the connecting link between the South Atlantic 
 Seaboard cities and the progressive cities of the open plains of the 
 West, as well as the shortest route to New York, Philadelphia, Bal- 
 timore and Washington City. 
 
 In addition to its main trunk, the Nashville & Chattanooga Road 
 has also important branches at Wartrace, Tullahoma, Decherd, Cow- 
 an and Bridgeport, which add considerably to its local trade. At 
 Stevenson, it connects with the Memphis & Charleston Road lor 
 Huntsville, Corinth, Grand Junction, Memphis, Mobile and New 
 Orleans. At Chattanooga its ramifications extend over the Western 
 & Atlantic, East Tennessee & Georgia and Wills Valley Railroads. 
 The East Tennessee & Georgia Railroad connects at Knoxville Avith 
 the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad, Avhich connects at Bristol 
 with the Virginia & Tennessee Railroad, and so on via. Lynchburg 
 and Richmond over the Orange & Alexandria Road to Washington, 
 
308 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York and Boston. This is called the 
 Eastern Route or Virginia and Tennessee Air Line. Tlic Southern 
 Eoute is via. Chattanooga to Atlanta, Atlanta to Augusta, thence to 
 Savannah, or by way of Atlanta and Macon, to Savannah, where 
 Steamers are taken for Baltimore, and from there train to New, York. 
 Anotlier route runs from Augusta to Charleston, thence by rail 
 through Wilmington on to Norfolk, where Steamers are taken for 
 New York. So it will be seen that these connections are of vast im- 
 portance, and either of them, it is said, is shorter and more direct 
 than by any competing line. 
 
 The depot of this company in Nashville is situated in the western 
 portion of the City. Both freight and passenger departments are on 
 the most extensive scale, while their Machine Shops, Car Shops, 
 Roundhouse, etc., are second to none in extent and completeness in 
 the South. This road gives employment to upwards of one thou- 
 sand men. Their capacities for engine and car-building are unsur- 
 passed. At present they turn out on an average forty box cars 
 and rebuild four engines per month. They also make splendid Pas- 
 senger and Sleeping Coaches. 
 
 The officers of the road at present are : President, E. W. Cole ; 
 Secretary and Treasurer, W. A. Gleaves; Superintendent, John W. 
 Thomas ; Resident Engineer, R. C. Morris ; General Freight Agent, 
 Chas. W. Anderson ; General Ticket Agent, W. L. Danley; Auditor, 
 Jno. P. Williams. 
 
 NASHVILLE & DECATUR RAILROAD. 
 
 The Nashville & Decatur Railroad, composed of three different 
 roads — the Tennessee & Alabama, the Central Southern and the 
 Tennessee & Alabama Central, united and operating under the title 
 of the Nashville & Decatur Railroad — is second in point of age in its 
 completion, of the roads now centering at Nashville, and was fin- 
 ished in 1858-9. The length of the Tennessee & Alabama Road is 
 fifty-six miles, of the Central Southern forty-six miles, and of the 
 Tennessee & Alabama Central, twenty-seven miles. The total cost 
 of these roads was $3,615,306.46. Originally the Tennessee & Ala- 
 bama road was chartered to form a rail connection with the New 
 Orleans, Jackson & Great Northern Road. In 1857-8 the company 
 asked authority to stop their road at Mount Pleasant, fifty-seven 
 and a half miles — the company there agreeing to let go the State aid 
 
OUR RAILWAY SYSTEM. 309 
 
 of about $100,000. This action of the company was regretted by 
 many of our citizens, though the stockhoklcrs and the County Court 
 both agreed to the stoppage. The Legislature subsequently 
 reinstated the road upon its original plan by rechartering the 
 Central Southern Railroad Company, which now connects the 
 Tennessee & Alabama with the Memphis & Charleston. This 
 Road, stretching its iron arms across the country from the Cumber- 
 land River at Nashville to the Tennessee at Decatur, a distance of 
 one hundred and twenty-two miles, traverses a section of country 
 unsurpassed in fertility of soil and beauty of scenery. Franklin, in 
 Williamson County, Columbia in Maury County, Pulaski in Giles 
 County, Tennessee; and Athens in Alabama, all thriving centers 
 of wealth, trade and population, and the County Seats of the respec- 
 tive Counties in which they are situated, are built directly on the line 
 of this road. Over this road a very great portion of the produce 
 of Tennessee is brought to market, and the facilities of communica- 
 tion which it affords have done much to bring into general notice the 
 remarkable advantanges of this delightful region, and year by year 
 is populating the country through which it runs with a people thrifty, 
 intelligent and enterprising. 
 
 The Depot Buildings and Grounds of this company are in the 
 Southern portion of the City, bordering the City Cemetery and front- 
 ing on Chewy Street. The College and Cherry Street Horse-Railroad 
 passes immediately by the Depot; and many passengers avail them- 
 selves of the cheap fare in their journeyings to and from the City. 
 The Depot Buildings of the company were finished during last year. 
 They are decidedly modern and are substantially and conveniently 
 constructed. They contain all the necessary offices for President, 
 Secretary and Treasurer, and for the Passenger and Freight Depart- 
 ments. In addition, there are well-furnished parlors and sitting- 
 rooms with all necessary appurtenances for both lady and gentlemen 
 travelers. The total cost of the buildings was $40,199.35. Also, 
 they have recently caused to be erected extensive Machine and Car 
 Shops and a spacious Roundhouse for the accommodation of their 
 engines. According to the last report of the President the equip- 
 ment on hand amounted to twenty-three locomotives, eighteen pas- 
 senger and baggage cars, one hundred and sixty-four freight cars, 
 and sixty dump, hand and push cars. The Company gives employ- 
 ment to some three or four hundred men. The officers at present, 
 are : Jas. W. Sloss, President and General Superintendent ; Geo. W. 
 Seay, Secretary and Treasurer; R. N. Reynolds, Assistant Superin- 
 tendent ; W. G. Davis, General Freight Agent ; R. P. Brown, Gen- 
 
310 XASm-TLLE AXD HER TRADE. 
 
 eral Ticket Agent : E. M. Stone, Train Master: and C. B. Knowles, 
 Master Meohauio. 
 
 There are several movements on foot which will, when completed, 
 render the Xashville <t Decatur Railroad an important link in one 
 of the most important thoroughfares ot the nation. The tii-st, al- 
 though ot a local nature — tlic building of a branch road from Lew- 
 isburg to Culleoka — will add greatly to its business from the interior 
 of two Counties. The secx)nd and third are on the grandest scale — 
 the construction of the South and Xorth Road from Montgomery di- 
 rect to Decatur, and the proposed route from Decatur to Aberdeen, 
 Mississippi. The South and Xorth Road is now imder contract, and 
 before long shall have been completed, and will connect the Capital 
 Cities of Tennessee and Alabama, placing them both upon the gnat 
 Central Trunk Rail Route from the Lakes to the Gult\ and giving to 
 both incalculable commercial advantages. This road penetrates, or 
 will penetrate when finished, one of the finest mineral regions of the 
 world. The vast wealth in the rich iron ore of Red ^Mountain and 
 the immense quantity of beautiful sand-stone in Sand Mountain, to- 
 gether with the abundance of coal in every direction, vdW at no 
 distant day, give this section and the towns there along, a name 
 and population rivalling many older towns in Tennessee and 
 Alabama. 
 
 Xext in importance, is the Decatur (t Aberdeen Railroad. This 
 ptroject is now attracting great attention and meeting with consider- 
 able favor. Under the auspices of the Xew Orleans, Jackson <^c 
 Great Xorthern Railroad Company it was surveyed a short time since 
 and the route found to be highly practicable. When this link is fin- 
 ished M-e will have a continuous line of Railway from Xashville to 
 Xew Orleans, thirty-eight miles shorter than any present route, and 
 which will add materially to the interests of Xashville. 
 
 LOnSVILLE & XASHVILLE RAILROAD. 
 
 Perhaps the most successfiil railroad centering at Xashville, and 
 for that matter South of the Ohio River, is the Louisville tt Xash- 
 ville Railroad. The building of this Road was commenced here in 
 the Spring of 1853, and much work was done by the Winter follow- 
 ing, when, by reason of financial difficidties, the work stopped. It 
 was cc<mmenced again with renewed vigor in 1855, and was not again 
 stopped until completed in October, 1859. Xo road connecting with 
 this City had, in its early stages of construction, more varied difficul- 
 ties than it : and, considering those difficulties, it was built in a re- 
 
OUR RAILWAY SYSTEM. 31 1 
 
 markably short time— say five years at most. This road is as yet 
 the only outlet to the South from Kentucky, and has, since its con- 
 struction, necessarily enjoyed a monopoly of the business. It is 
 probably the most popular route to the North with travelers, aud al- 
 though the Southern Line successfully competes with it for freight, yet 
 this road, we believe, obtains the better share of passengers and m 
 addition a great deal of freight. 
 
 The connections of the Louis^'ille & Nashville Road at this point 
 diverge to all points. The Nashville & Chattanooga Road seemingly 
 is its chief connection, but which will in time be pincipally competed 
 with bv the Nashville & Decatur Road. At present the care and 
 anxiet>^ of its directory seem to be concentrated on the Branch Road 
 from Bowling Green to Memphis, which will undoubtedly be for some 
 years to come its chief feeder from the South. In view of this, with 
 wi«e foresight, thev leased that portion to the Memphis & Ohio Road 
 from Paris, Tennessee, to Memphis, for a term of years from 1866, 
 and began a successful career wnth it under the name of the Mem- 
 phis, Clarksville & Louis^nlle Road; first, however, having placed it 
 in thorough and first-class order. 
 
 From the last report of its Directory we gather some interesting 
 fact« The total cost of buildin<? the Louis^nlle & Nashville Rail- 
 road and including branches was §13,859,794.26. The capital stock 
 of the company is 88,681,501.46. The total earnings of the main 
 stem and branches for the last fiscal year, was 82,381,138.55. During 
 the last fiscal year, there were 391,827 passengers, counting both local 
 and through, transported over the Road. 
 
 This Company, too, is one of the best equipped in the South. Ac- 
 cording to their last published inventor>- they own sixty-six locomo- 
 tives, fort>-five passenger cars, twent>'-six baggage, postal and ex- 
 press cars, four hundred and two box cars, one hundred and ten rack 
 cars, fourty-four gondola cars, one hundrd and fort\'-eight flats, 
 eighty-three stone cars, beside a full complement of boarding and 
 wrecking cars. The company's main Machine and Car Shops and 
 Roundhouse are located at Louisville. They have here, also, on 
 the Edgefield side of the river a handsome Roundhouse for the es- 
 pecial Accommodation of engines at this end of the road. The 
 splendid Iron Railroad Bridge which spans the Cumberland at this 
 place is also partlv owned by the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Com- 
 pany We will' speak more definitely of it elsewhere. The Depot 
 Grounds and Buildings of the Company in Nashville, which, accord- 
 ing to their assessment, are valued at 8103,000, are in the north- 
 
312 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 central portion of the City. The grounds extend the full length of 
 two squares, or from College Street to the river. The present Depot 
 was built immediately after the close of the war at a cost of $37,000. 
 It contains ample room both for receiving and forwarding freight and 
 for the offices of the General Agent and other dignitaries at this end 
 of the road. 
 
 The officers of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad Company, are: 
 President, H. D. Newcombe; Vice President, G. "W. Norton; Secre- 
 tary, Willis Ranney ; Treasurer, Chas. R. Griffith ; Gen'l Superinten- 
 dent, Albert Fink ; Gen'l Agent at Nashville, John S. Bransford. 
 
 EDGEFIELD & KENTUCKY RAILROAD. 
 
 The Edgefield & Kentucky Railroad extends from Nashville to 
 Guthrie City, or as it was formerly known. State Line, a distance of 
 forty-seven miles. The building of this Road was commenced in 
 1857 and finished in 1860. It is designed as a link in the Evans- 
 ville, Henderson & Nashville Road, which was commenced at Hen- 
 derson about the same time. A great many persons not intimately 
 acquainted with these two roads are of the opinion that they are one 
 and the same. So far as their workings are concerned they are, but 
 in reality they are separate and distinct Roads. Joint charters were 
 obtained for the two roads about the same time — that of the Edge- 
 field & Kentucky Road from the State of Tennessee and that of the 
 Evansville, Henderson & Nashville Road from the State of Ken- 
 tucky — but the two companies agreed to a mutality of interests and 
 take up their lines at their respective termini. 
 
 At Guthrie City this road connects [with the Memphis, Clarksville 
 & Louisville Road, and is a reliable route to Memphis, New Orleans, 
 Mobile and points South, and to Louisville and more northerly cities. 
 During the war this road was in the hands of the military authori- 
 ties, and, like its sister enterprises, lost considerable by the general 
 desolation of the country giving it sustenance. At present, on ac- 
 count of its State debt, it is in the hands of a State Receiver, but we 
 are glad to learn it is fast recuperating and will yet live to see better 
 days. The rolling stock of the Road is in first-rate condition and is 
 amply sufficient to conduct all of its business promptly. 
 
 The Depot Grounds of the Edgefield & Kentucky Road are loca- 
 ted on North College Street, on the opposite side from the Louisville 
 & Nashville Depot. As yet the company have not erected their 
 buildings and are at present using for freight and passenger purjjoses 
 
OUR RAILWAY SYSTEM. 313 
 
 a portion of the Lonisvillc & Nashville Company's Depot, and has a 
 joint track the first ten miles with the Louisville & Nashville Com- 
 pany, branching off at Edgefield Junction. 
 
 The offices of the President, Superintendent, etc., are at No. 28 
 Public Square. The present officers are: President, (and Receiver), 
 Wm. Connell ; Secretary and Treasurer, W. B. A. Ramsey ; Super- 
 intendent, M. L. Blanton. 
 
 EVANSVILLE, HENDERSON & NASHVILLE RAILROAD. 
 
 At Guthrie City the Evansville, Henderson & Nashville Road 
 takes up and continues the line begun by the Edgefield & Kentucky. 
 The construction of this road, although as before stated, begun 
 about the same time as the other, was greatly retarded, as has been 
 affirmed, by want of proper enterprise among the people along its 
 line. At present there are two portions ^of the road completed — the 
 Northern and Southern ends respectively. Trains at present run out 
 as far as Hopkinsville on the Southern end, a distance of twenty-five 
 miles. Beyond Hopkinsville a break of thirty miles occurs, and be- 
 yond this break the road is continued again and is now built forty- 
 three miles on to Henderson. Constructing parties are now at work 
 closing up the interval, and the management expect by next Fall to 
 have through trains on from Nashville to Henderson. When con- 
 structed, this road will lay at our doors a more varied freight per- 
 haps than any other road coming into this place. Its connections at 
 Evansville with North and North-western roads wall open up a great 
 grain market to us, and the proximity of the track to inexhaustible 
 coal fields will, we are assured, bring coal here at cheaper rates than 
 ever before known to us. 
 
 When the proposed route from Madisonville, Kentucky, on this 
 Road via. Shawneetown, Illinois, shall have been perfected to St. 
 Louis, the latter city will be forty miles nearer to us than by any 
 other route, and bring Nashville as near to St. Louis as Louisville 
 is to St. Louis. Then we have also direct communication with Chi- 
 cago by the same line or its ramifications, which brings us seventy 
 miles nearer this immense metropolis of wealth and influence than 
 by any existing route. The Evansville, Henderson & Nashville 
 Road passes through the richest tobacco, wheat and corn region of 
 Kentucky and the productive Red River Yalley, whose produce have 
 made Clarksville what she is — one of the principal tobacco markets 
 of this Union. Why could not this trade be drawn toward Nashville? 
 
 H. Ia Shepherd is Superintendent and W. H. Hart, Assistant Su- 
 perintendent of this road. 
 
314 NASHVILLE AND HEE TRADE. 
 
 NASHVILLE AND NORTHWESTERN RAILROAD. 
 
 The Nashville & North-western, the last of those four roads 
 to which the $1,000,000 subscription of 1853 was made, was 
 commenced in that year; but its construction, like all others 
 mentioned, was delayed partly by the opposition of the County 
 Court, who refused, until ordered by the Supreme Court, to 
 issue the bonds of the county ; and by the money revulsion 
 of 1857. Until the Summer of 1859, its finances were in a 
 collapsed condition. In June of that year, a proposition was 
 made that the City subscribe for $270,000 of stock in this com- 
 pany, and it was put to the vote of the City — and triumphantly car- 
 ried. The war coming on immediately after, work was suspended, 
 but during the struggle the General Government recognized its great 
 physical importance to Nashville, and finished its construction to 
 Johnsonville, on the Tennessee River, where it connected with lines 
 of steamers running to St. Louis, Louisville and Cincinnati. The 
 road done an immense amount of Government business, and was 
 considered of chief importance to Nashville. Subsequent to the war 
 it was finished through to Hickman, Kentucky, under the super- 
 vision of M. Burns, Esq., then President of the road. On Decem- 
 ber 15th, 1869, the road was leased to the Nashville & Chattanooga 
 Railroad Company, for a period of six years ; and it is now under 
 their control, and operated by them, the officers being the same as 
 those of the Nashville & Chattanooga Company, with one addition. 
 Major A. L. Landis, General Agent. 
 
 Since their lease began the Nashville & Chattanooga Company 
 have commenced an outlay of some $200,000 in repairs, Avhich will 
 when effected, bring the North-western Road up to its projier rank 
 among the foremost roads of the country. The connections of this 
 road are to-day second in importance, perhaps, to none of our roads. 
 This route is claimed as the shortest existing line to Memphis, and 
 intersects the Memphis, Clarksville & Louisville Road at McKenzie, 
 from which place trains are run to Memphis, New Orleans, Mobile, 
 Jackson, Vicksburg and immediate points. At Union City the 
 trains of the Nashville and North-western Road connect with the 
 Mobile & Ohio, and New Orleans & Ohio Railroads, for Paducah, 
 Cairo, Chicago, Kansas City, St. Joseph, Jefferson City, Leaven- 
 worth, Omaha and all important points West and North-west; at 
 Hickman, its western terminus, with the steamers of the Memphis & 
 St. Louis Packet Company for Cairo, Chicago, and other important 
 points in proximity to the Illinois Central Road and its connections. 
 
OUR RAILWAY SYSTEM. 315 
 
 The trains of the Nashville & North-western Railroad leave the 
 Nashville & Chattanooga Station on Church street. 
 
 TENNESSEE AND PACIFIC RAILROAD. 
 
 There is yet another enterprise in railway matters, whose success 
 may be taken as a fixed fact — the Tennessee & Pacific Railroad. 
 This Road was chartered by the General Assembly May 24th, 1866, 
 and is now in course of construction, and wall have completed its 
 first thirty miles, to Lebanon, before the close of the Summer of 1870. 
 This road connects Knoxville with Nashville, and forms an essential 
 link in the chain, which is to bind the Atlantic and Pacific shores, 
 the oriental and occidental worlds, together, by ties stronger than 
 those of friendship, mutual interest and practicability, and will give 
 to Tennessee that grand prominence among the States of the Union, 
 that her advantages so justly entitle her to — and this road, which 
 unlike more Northern routes, will be free from interruption by the 
 snow and ice of Winter, must become the favored thoroughfare for 
 the travel and the immigration from Europe. By the laws of trade, 
 the transportation of merchandise, as well as people, will adopt that 
 route which most fully combines the recommendations of speed, 
 cheapness, safety and comfort, and this will be the line that will most 
 fully meet those requirements. Ship loads of tea, silks, spices, and 
 other valuable Asiatic articles of commerce will be shipped via Cali- 
 fornia, and then, by rail, over this grand continental and always 
 open and available line to Norfolk, for reshipment to European ports, 
 making the trip in about one sixth the time required by sea. Pos- 
 sessing such superior climatic advantages over the more Northern 
 route, being on a latitudinal line between the 32 and 37 de- 
 grees from Norfolk to San Diego — the latter the inevitable terminus 
 of the Memphis and El Paso Road, with the additional advantage 
 of a shorter distance, must make this the preferred route for travel 
 between the Pacific and Atlantic seaports. The advantages which 
 will flow from such a continental and latitudinal line, cannot be es- 
 timated or hardly overestimated, and must be obvious to the most 
 obtuse. 
 
 Other railroad lines have been proposed from time to time, ema- 
 nating here; but among them no one which seems to have that sub- 
 stantial air of solidity about it, as that of a road projected to run 
 from Springfield, Tennessee, on the Edgefield & Kentucky Road, 
 
316 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 through Russellville to Owensboro, on the Ohio, thence by different 
 lines to Cincinnati and Chicago. The former city piqued at the re- 
 buff she met with in a proposed route from Cincinnati to Chattanooga 
 may yet slip in between Louisville, and give us additional facilities 
 for trade and travel. 
 
 Besides, there is also a projected road from Decatur to Atlanta; 
 and this, with the other movements on foot in that section, will yet 
 open to our City, new and speedier routes to various portions of the 
 country, and bring to our market sections at present without any fit 
 ways of commerce. 
 
 River Transportation. 
 
 In preparing our notes on this department of our shipping inter- 
 ests, we have consulted the opinions of a number of our leading 
 steamboatmen, and hence their correctness may be relied upon. Al- 
 though at present scarcely bearing a comparison with the immense 
 River Trade carried on at our port previous to the war, when wealthy 
 lines of Mississippi steamers plyed the waters of the Cumberland at 
 nearly all seasons of the year; and with immense railroad competi- 
 tion, now in nearly all direction?, yet the Boating business of Nash- 
 ville — for an inland city — is of no inconsiderable importance, or small 
 proportion. At present, there are about fifteen Steamers engaged in 
 the trade between Nashville and other cities on the Cumberland, Ten- 
 nessee, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, whose estimated tonnage capacity 
 and worth, is as follows : 
 
 Steamers. Tonnage. Worth. 
 
 Tyrone, 350 $20,000 
 
 John Lumsden, (new) 350 20,000 
 
 Talisman, 350 10,000 
 
 Armada, 300 15,000 
 
 Mallie Ragon, (new) 300 15,000 
 
 Lawrence, 350 15,000 
 
 Emma Floyd, 350 15,000 
 
 Robert Moore, 350 15,000 
 
 Burksville, (new) 175 10,000 
 
 Umpire, 300 10,000 
 
 Ella Hughes, 200 9,000 
 
 Alpha 300 6,000 
 
 Camelia, 350 15,000 
 
 Glasgow, 350 15,000 
 
 Kate Putnam, 350 15,000 
 
 Reserve, 350 15,000 
 
 Total, 5,175.... $230,000 
 
 Of the total amount of capital invested in the Boating interests. 
 
OUR RAILWAY SYSTEM. 317 
 
 about one-half belongs to Nashville men. The boats owned in Nash- 
 ville, and coutrolled and running under the style of the Nashville 
 & Cairo Packet Company, are the steamers, Tyrone, John Lumsden, 
 and Talisman. They make tri-weekly trips to Cairo, where connec- 
 tions are made with St. Louis, Memphis, Vicksburg, Natchez and 
 New Orleans packets. We append the average rates of passage, both 
 cabin and deck, to the principal ports : 
 
 To Smithland, Cabin, $ 8.00 Deck, $ 3.00 
 
 " Paducah, " 8.00 " 3.00 
 
 " Cairo, " 10.00 " 4.00 
 
 " St. Louis, " 14.00 " 6.00 
 
 " Memphi-?, " 13.00 " 6.00 
 
 " Napoleon, " 19.00 " 8.00 
 
 " Vick-sburg, " 25.00 " 8.00 
 
 " Natchez, " 30.00 " 10.00 
 
 " NewOrleans, " 30.00 " 10.00 
 
 The boats belonging to the Nashville & Cincinnati Packet Com- 
 pany are, the Lawrence, Emma Floyd and Robert Moore; and those 
 belonging to the Nashville and Pittsburg Packet Company, are, the 
 Camelia, Glasgow, Reserve and Kate Putnam. The Armada, a new 
 side-wheeler, is running, independent, between Nashville and Paducah 
 and Cairo. The Mallie Ragon, a new boat, belongs to the Nashville 
 & Evansville Packet Company. The average passenger rates, cabin 
 and deck, to the principal cities on the route of these steamers, is as 
 follows: 
 
 To Evansville, Cabin $10.00 Deck, $ 4.00 
 
 " Louisville, " 12.00 " 4.00 
 
 " Cincinnati, " 12.00 " 5.00 
 
 " Pittsburg, " 20.00 " 10.00 
 
 The average rates of freight, the year round, taking light and 
 heavy, is, from Nashville to Louisville, 25 cents per hundred ; to 
 Cincinnati, about the same; to Pittsburg, 50 cents; Memphis, 40 
 cents ; Vicksburg or New Orleans, 50 cents. 
 
 The Boats running in the Upper Cumberland Trade, and which 
 are all owned in Nashville, are, the steamers Burksville, Umpire, 
 Alpha and Ella Hughes, beside quite a number of smaller crafts, 
 the most prominent of which are, the Newsboy, Hero, Tobe Hurt, 
 etc. Their navigation extends to Point Isabel, Kentucky; distant 
 450 miles from Nashville. The Up-river commerce is of the most 
 important nature. The River banks above are dotted with a number 
 of thriving towns and villages, and the stream courses its way 
 through a region abundant in various agricultural products and 
 
318 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 mineral resources. As before stated, a great proportion of the timber 
 and coal consumed at Nashville is brought down in rafts and barges 
 from this section, to say nothing of the vast quantities of grain, and 
 produce and tobacco that finds market here, and whose value is re- 
 turned in groceries, dry goods, hardware, agricultural implements, 
 machinery and the thousand and onearticles made orsold in Nashville. 
 
 From its mouth, at Sraithland to the head of navigation, at Point 
 Isabel, the Cumberland River measures 650 miles. By river, the 
 distance from Nashville to Smithland is 200 miles; to Paducah, 212 
 miles; Cairo, 265; Memphis, 500; St. Louis, 450; Vicksburg, 900; 
 New Orleans, 1,300; Evansville, 350; Louisville, 600; Cincinnati, 
 750; and Pittsburg, 1,250. The boating season, at Nashville, is 
 generally about six months of the year, during which time the re- 
 ceipts and shipments of freight will average 1,200 tons per week. 
 It has been reckoned that about 350 persons, in Nashville, receive 
 employment from this source, including agents, captains, pilots, 
 clerks, mates, crews, stevedores, etc. The prominent steamboat 
 agents, in Nashville, are: Messrs. Wm. Boyd, 44 Front street; Har- 
 rison & Sons, 45 and 46 Front street; W. A. Peebles, corner Market 
 and Broad; C. H. Arthur, (Passenger Agent Nashville & Cairo Packet 
 Company,) Upper Levee; and Captain W. J. Harman, superin- 
 tendent Nashville & Cairo Packet Company, Upper Levee. 
 
 The agent of the Nashville & Cincinnati Packet Company is Cajit. 
 Jas. S. Wise, Office No. 11 Public Landing, Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 In conclusion, we may remark, that, when the National Govern- 
 ment is prudent and liberal enough to make appropriations sufficient 
 to improve the navigation of the Cumberland, or place our water 
 transportation on a more permanent and stable footing, then will be 
 seen a vast difference in this local commerce. When Harpeth Shoals 
 are dug out, or have a channel extending around them, and the 
 channel of the Upper River is so widened and cleared, as to admit 
 of free and unobstructed navigation, even during what we call the 
 boating season, then will be brought about a most wonderful change. 
 Towns and villages willspring up in almost every bend, and the products 
 of forests, rivaling in an abundance of useful woods those of Maine; and 
 with Iron and coal fields not a whit less jiroductive than those of 
 Pennsylvania, emptying themselves into the very lap of Nashville, 
 will give her unrivalled advantages for boat-building, and all kinds 
 of iron manufacturing. And that this change will very soon be 
 brought about, is the opinion of a great many. The people of the 
 Upper Cumberland region demand such an outlet, and its incalculable ad- 
 
THE 
 
 Cheapest and Most Reliable Route of Travel to 
 
 or from Nashville, and all Points on the 
 
 Cumberland, Ohio and Mississippi Rivers. 
 
 THf N&siiif JiHD am mm 
 
 Cliarter^il ly tie Teciiesscs State Ugmm, 18?0, 
 
 EiVII^LOY THREE OF THE 
 
 mfi, SAFEST AND MOST 
 
 IJS^ THE TRADE, 
 
 PURELY A HOIYIE C01V!PAJ\IY! 
 
 ^» ^ «» . 
 
 PATRONIZE HOME FOLKS ! 
 
 — ■ «♦• — 
 
 W. R. BELL, Secretary, 
 
 W. J. HARMAN, Sup't. 
 W. SIMS, General Traveling Agent. 
 
 1 WM.BOYD, 
 
 Local Apnts, j- harrison & sons!"**'''" 
 
 45 A -IG I'pper Wharf. 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 319 
 
 NASHVILLE, 
 
320 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 vantage to Nashville is very apparent, for experience has proved 
 that convenient water transportation is of far more considerable 
 benefit to the commerce of cities and States than railroads, for the 
 simple reason that merchandize can not be transported so cheaply by 
 rail as water. 
 
 The Adams and Southern Express Companies. 
 
 Presuming that an abridged account of the manipulations of these 
 extraordinary business combinations at Nashville for the past few 
 years, would prove of interest to many of our readers, and since they 
 form an indispensable link in the chain of business features, not only 
 of this but of nearly all the important cities of the United States? 
 we have taken some pains in gathering the succeeding data. In Feb- 
 ruary, 1862, at the time of the invasion by the Federal Armies, the 
 Express business of the City was under the control of Mr. Joel 
 Davis. Soon thereafter it passed into the hands of the Adams Ex- 
 press Company, whose head-quarters are in New York, but Mr. 
 Davis was continued in service. During those days, the wheels of 
 business being clogged and the laud rife with war, no shipments 
 were allowed by the military forces with the exception of consign- 
 ments to soldiers. The office at that time, was in the Colonnade 
 Building, on Cherry Street, the freight department occupying the 
 brick warehouse in the rear. The Company used but three wagons, 
 the business of course being dependent on the movements of the 
 armies. Mr. Davis continued to act as Agent up to June, 1865, 
 when he was relieved by Mr. V. Rose, the former retiring altogether 
 from the business. Mr. Rose remained as Agent until December 1st, 
 1865, when, having been appointed Agent at Louisville, where he 
 now is, he was succeeded at this point by Capt. J. M. Thatcher, the 
 present able and efficient Agent. During the month of May, 1865, 
 the office of the company was removed from the Colonnade Block 
 to the magnificent five-story building owned and now occupied by 
 Hugh Douglas & Co., at the corner of the Public Square and Mar- 
 ket Street, where the Express business grew to an immensity never 
 before or since equalled in this City. The employes on the pay-roll 
 at that time, numbered over eighty-five and two large wagons, in- 
 cluding two monster four-horse teams, and some thirty-two horses 
 were busily engaged. Yet, even with this force, the business was 
 overwhelming, and the Company was compelled to erect two reposi- 
 tories, one at the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad Depot, and the 
 
EXPRESS COMPANIES. 321 
 
 other at the Naslivillo & Decatur llailroad Depot, each one employ- 
 ins: a full set of clerks. But when the armies were withdrawn from 
 the South and peace and legitimate business returned, the transactions 
 began decreasing, and indeed fell off rapidly. May, 1866, the South- 
 ern Exprr.ss Company having been reorganized, came and took pos- 
 session of its old Southern routes, and Nashville was made the Southern 
 terminus of the Adams Express Company and the Northern terminus 
 ot the Southern Express Company, or rather the connecting link be- 
 tween the traffic of the Northern and Southern States. A. K. Holt, 
 Esq., assumed the agency of the Southern Company and J. M. That- 
 cher retained in the employ of the Adams Company, both working 
 in perfect concert, and occupying the same offices. In May, 1868, 
 Mr. Holt resigned his position, and the conduct of both Companies 
 has since devolved upon Captain Thatcher. However, we should 
 have stated that previous to this separation and consolidation, in 
 April, 1866, Mr. S. L. Demoville constructed a handsome brick 
 building on Church Street, No. 84, opposite Masonic Temple, for the 
 use of the two companies, which they took possession of July 1st, 
 1866. This building, which is composed of brick and is three-stories 
 high, is very generally conceded the best-arranged for Express busi- 
 ness of any building in the companies' service. In the front por- 
 tion of the building are the offices of the Agents, Cashier, INIouey 
 and Package Department, while the entire rear is devoted to the 
 Freight Department, and its floors being constructed of the same 
 height as the wagon -beds consequently affords the greatest ease in 
 handling freight. During the past Summer the company built in 
 the rear of their office, one of the neatest and best-arranged Stables 
 
 in the country, constructed of brick, well-ventilated, well-lighted 
 
 having both gas and Avater facilities, beside being perfectly rat-proof 
 both in the stable and grannery. In addition, they have large wagon 
 and saw-dust sheds, and an extra addition to the main stable. 
 
 The employes of the two Companies at present muster twenty-five 
 strong in the City, including Agents, Clerks, Drivers and Porters. 
 They run six large spring-wagons and work twelve horses. Of the 
 two latter auxiliaries, it may be said that they were selected purely 
 on account of their fine and imposing appearance, looking as they do 
 quite metropolitan. 
 
 In addition to the above force there are quite a number of Poute 
 Agents and Messengers employed. They are distributed as follows : 
 Messengers on the Louisville & Nashville Eailroad, under the con- 
 trol of R. S. Lukenbill, Route Agent, with headquarters at Bowline 
 21 ^ 
 
322 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Green, Kentucky. Those of the Nashville & Chattanooga and Nash- 
 ville & North-western Railroads are under E. B. Stahlemau, Route 
 Agent, with headquarters at Nashville. Those of the Nashville & 
 Decatur and Memphis & Charleston Railroads under L. H. Black, 
 with headquarters at Corinth, Mississippi ; and those of the Edge- 
 field & Kentucky and Evansville, Henderson & Nashville Railroads 
 under J. J. Potts, with headquarters at Humboldt, Tennessee. 
 
 To attempt any thing like a detailed account of the immense busi- 
 ness carried on by these organizations would be an exceedingly tedi- 
 ous job, and perhaps consume a greater scope of country than Ave 
 care to treat of; and anything short of a full account would do in- 
 justice to their stupendous workings and on the whole appear farsi- 
 cal. These Companies cannot nor do they pretend to compete with 
 purely freight and fast freight lines, confining their operations to the 
 transportation of light articles such as money, packages and all val- 
 uables that require careful handling and prompt and safe delivery, 
 Tlie office at Nashville has on several occasions received through 
 freight from New York via. Pan Handle Route, a distance of 1,157 
 miles, within the remarkably quick time of forty-six hours, and are 
 confident of yet making it in forty-tliree, this, too, includes two miles 
 of lightning transfer from the Miami Depot at Cincinnati across the 
 bridge to Covington, Kentucky, and from the Short Line Depot at 
 Louisville to the Louisville & Nashville Depot. 
 
 Under the management of the Southern Express Company the 
 Oyster and Fish Business between Nashville and Norfolk, Charles- 
 ton, Savannah, Mobile and other Seaboard and Gulf Cities, is stated 
 to have been ten times as great the past year over that of the year 
 before, and dealers who before purchased in Baltimore and New 
 York have transferred their dealings to the before-mentioned points. 
 
 Nashville City Transfer Company. 
 
 Since every item of information connected with travel is of the 
 utmost importance to a transient as well as resident population, we 
 also include herein a brief account of the Nashville City Transfer 
 Company, or to be plainer, the City Omnibus Line. This Company, 
 which is truly one of the very emphatic metropolitan features of our 
 City, has for its Superintendent Capt. Sam. J. Little, office No. 71, 
 Church Street, Maxwell House Building. The company has an in- 
 vested capital of some $30,000, and its annual pay-rolls will amount 
 to $25,000. It employs thirty men and runs regularly six Omni- 
 
TELEGRAPH FACILITIES. 323 
 
 busses, six large Baggage Wagons and three Hacks, beside a number 
 of smaller teams. The Stables of the Com])any are extensive and 
 
 accommodate horses. They are situated on Demonbreun Street 
 
 between Summer and High. The Company has the City Postal Con- 
 tract and hauls all the mail-matter to and from the City Post Office 
 to the various Railroad Depots. 
 
 Such an organization is of invaluable benefit not only to the City 
 itself but to the traveling public at large, since their vehicles are 
 punctual and certain at all hours. Winter and Summer, and by their 
 combination regulate the price of transferring passengers, (fifty cents 
 with ordinary baggage), and at the same time, are always responsible 
 for loss or mistakes. Then again the rapid and systematic manner 
 of transit to and from all parts of the City to the Depots, Steamboat 
 Landings, Hotels, etc., is worthy of notice. Their office, under the 
 Maxwell Plouse, is neatly appointed and arranged, and has facilities 
 for furnishing passenger and baggage tickets to all principal points 
 of the United States, both North, South, East and West, at no ad- 
 ditional advance on regular rates at the Railroad Station Offices. 
 Besides this ticket system they have also in their office a branch 
 office of the AVestern Union Telegraph Company for the accommo- 
 dation of the public, whose wires connect with all parts of the Union. 
 
 Telegraph Facilities. 
 
 The establishment of the Electric Telegraph in our midst, dates 
 back even prior to the construction of railway facilities, and took in 
 Nashville among its earliest steps of progress. The first line in the 
 United States was constructed between Washington and Baltimore, in 
 the Spring of 1844, through aid furnished by the Government; but 
 the result of its operations were so unsatisfactory, that the Postmaster 
 General, in his report for 1845, expressed the opinion that the reve- 
 nues could not be made equal to the expenditures under anv rate of 
 charges, which might be adopted. The Government then declined 
 to assume the ownership and control of so doubtful an undertakino- 
 and the wonderful invention that has furnished such an excellent, in- 
 dispensable and invaluable medium of communication had to appeal 
 to the enterprise of the people for the means required for its develoj)- 
 ment. Companies began organizing in various parts of the country, 
 and lines were built in detached sections between the more important 
 places, but without any general plan of co-operation ; indeed a brisk 
 emulation bordering on fierceness, existed between them. During 
 
The Western Union 
 
 TJNEQTJALLED IIST 
 
 RELIABILITY, 
 
 CHEAPNESS OF RATES, 
 
 AND EXTENT OF LINES, 
 
 BiJiiiimwiismiiNmie^io! 
 
 EXTENSIVE CONNECTION WITH THE 
 
 iff 
 
 i^i .^^^ 
 
 AND THE 
 
 oyii iyiiiiiiii iiiL 
 
 M\m Direct aiii Speedy Coinmniilcatloii wltli 
 
 PE, ASIA, AFRICA, 
 
 AND THE 
 
 WEST mOlA ISLAI^OS. 
 
 PRINCIPAL OFFICE, 23 N. COLLEGE STREET, SEWANEE BLOCK. 
 
 BRANCH OFFICES--IAIAXWELL HOUSE & 68. S. MARKET STREET. 
 
 E. C. BOYLE. Manage!-. 
 
 G, Wi TRABUE, fSup't. 
 
 324 
 
TELEGRAPH FACILITIES. 325 
 
 1847, two companies — the " New Orleans and Ohio Telegraph Com- 
 pany/' and the " Peoples' Telegraph Company" — reached Nashville 
 ma. Louisville. Each was struggling for the nearest and most ac- 
 cessible route to New Orleans, and Nashville being then a most im- 
 portant point, they both ran almost "neck and neck" to this place. 
 After leaving Nashville in their southwest course, they separated and 
 did not meet save at their ultimate destination. "The Peoples' Com- 
 pany" went via. Columbia and Laurenceburg, in this State, thence to 
 Tuscumbia, Alabama; thence to Columbus, Mississippi; thence to 
 Jackson, Louisville, Kosciusko, Canton, Vicksburg, Natchez, Baton 
 Rouge, and finally to New Orleans. The "New Orleans and Ohio 
 Company" ran south from Nashville via. Columbia, AVaynesboro, 
 Eastport, Jacinto, Ripley, Pontotoc, Grenada, Lexington, Yazoo 
 City and Vicksburg; thence to New Orleans. For five years, oppo- 
 sition between these companies was strong, and it required no little 
 back-bone to conduct them ; and in consequence, both companies lost 
 heavily; and to save themselves from total ruin, a consolidation was 
 effected between them in 1852, under the name of the "National 
 Telegraph Company," but even then was too late to save them from 
 an almost ruinous collapse. In 1853, they again clianged their name 
 to the " New Orleans and Ohio Company." In 1855, the concern 
 was so heavily involved, (their liabilities being $120,000) that they 
 were compelled to lease the line, from Louisville to New Orleans, for 
 fifteen years, to a company known as the " New Orleans and Ohio 
 Telegraph Lessees." In 1860, the name of the company was again 
 changed, and this time was dubbed the " South-western Telegraph 
 Company." For 1866, we record another consolidation, and another 
 change of name; this time between the "South-western" and "ximer- 
 ican companies, adopting the name of the latter, which, consolidated, 
 included all of the lines then south of the Potomac and Ohio Rivers, and 
 extended east, via. Washington City, to New York, Boston, Portland 
 and into Nova Scotia. On the 1st of July, 1866, the lines of the 
 "American" Company were connected with those of the "Western 
 Union," which latter organization is at present in operation in this 
 City. 
 
 These numerous consolidations throughout the country, which have 
 been going on almost uninterruptedly for nearly a quarter of a cen- 
 tury, have now resulted in a grand unification of some of the most 
 importimt Telegraph lines in the United States, and rendered the 
 system, perhaps, the most extensive and efficient in the world. 
 
326 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 Among incidents of a local nature, we learn that the talented and 
 lamented Henry Faxon, Esq., was the first Telegraph operator sta- 
 tioned in Nashville. From Nashville, Mr. Faxon went to Vicks- 
 burg, and afterwards to Buffalo, New York, in which latter place he 
 connected himself with some newspaper of that City. His name 
 wnll be remembered by many of our readers as the author of that ex- 
 quisite poem, "The Beautiful Snow" — a brilliant gem of modern 
 poesy. Mr. Faxon's successor in the Telegraph office, at Nashville, 
 was Wm. DeGrove — the first messenger in the City, who was in turn 
 succeeded, in 1850, by Jos. W. Fisher, Esq. 
 
 The Western Union Telegraph Company. — This company 
 claims the pioneership of Telegraphy for our City. It now has six 
 offices in the City, located as follows: 
 
 Central (or principal) Office, No. 23 North College Street. 
 
 Branch Office, No. 68 South Market Street. 
 
 " " Maxwell House. 
 
 " " Louisville & Nashville Railroad Depot. 
 
 " " Nashville & Decatur Railroad Depot. 
 
 " " Nashville & Chattanooga and Nashville & North- 
 
 western Railroad Depots. 
 The company gives employment to some twenty-five persons, in- 
 cluding Superintendent, Manager, Operators, Clerks, Messengers, 
 etc. The principal officers for the City are: Geo. W. Trabue, Dis- 
 trict Superintendent; E. C. Boyle, Manager; and Jno. B. Morris, 
 Chief Operator. It controls in the City 10 commercial wires, or wires 
 for the transmission of business telegrams, and one wire connecting 
 all of the City Railroad Depot wires with the central limits. The 
 length of these wires in the corporation limits of the City is about 
 twenty miles. 
 
 To give a more extended idea of the workings of this company, 
 we extract from the annual report of Wm. Orton, Esq., of New 
 York, President of the Company, submitted to and approved by the 
 Board of Directors at their meeting, July 13th, 1869, some facts of 
 interest. We find that the total Capital Stock of the company 
 amounts to $41,063,100. That, for the year ending July 1st, 1869, 
 its business was as follows : 
 
 Gross Receipts $7,316,918 30 
 
 Expenses 4,e568,116 85 
 
 Net Profits $2,748,801 45 
 
FAST FREIGHT LINES. 327 
 
 The value of the Company's property is placed as follows: 
 52,099 miles of line or 104,584 miles of 
 
 wire |20,839,G00 00 
 
 103 miles submarine ea])le 618,000 00 
 
 Other property, including office furniture, 
 
 machinery, tools, real estate, etc., etc 955,019 00 
 
 122,412,619 00 
 The territory now occupied by the lines of this company embrace 
 almost the entire civilized portion of the continent of North Ameri- 
 ca. On the Eastern coast their lines extend from Plaister Cove on 
 the Gulf of the ^t. Lawrence, to Indianola, on the Gulf of Mexico, 
 and on the Western Coast from Los Angelos, California, to the Fish- 
 eries on the Kishyox River, eight hundred miles North of New 
 Westminster, British Columbia. They reach across the continent 
 from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean, and embrace every State and 
 Territoiy in the Union but Minnesota, New Mexico and Arizona, 
 and include the British Provinces of Nova Scotia and New Bruns- 
 wick. Their lines also have an exclusive connection wnth those in 
 New Foundland, Canada, Minnesota, Wisconsin and New Mexico, 
 and with the Atlantic and Cuba Cables. 
 
 Southern, Pacific and Atlantic Telegraph Company. — 
 This company established offices hi the City during the year 1869 
 W. D. Gentry is the manager of the Company's busines at this place. 
 The principal office is located at No. 39 North College street. Branch 
 offices. No. 50 South Market street and in the Post Office Building, 
 Cedar street. 
 
 Fast Freight Lines. 
 
 There are quite a number of Fast Freight Lines between Nash- 
 ville .and Northern and Southern Cities wnth established Agencies in 
 this City. Quite a rivalry exists between the competing companies, 
 and the business in the last few years has grown remarkably. The 
 existence of such are good indications of the increasing Commercial 
 importance of Nashville, when we consider that prior to the war 
 none of the companies were represented here. The object and 
 workings of the several organizations, to be fully explained, would 
 require more space or time than we have at our command. Suffice 
 it, then, when we say that they all claim to be the "shortest, best 
 and quickest route " to the Northern and Eastern Cities, and trans- 
 port freight usually from Nashville to New York in ten to twelve 
 
328 NASHVILLE AND HEE TRADE. 
 
 and to Boston in fourteen to sixteen days. The Agencies of the 
 various Lines are located as follows : 
 
 Erie Transportation Company. — This mammoth company, 
 until recently, had no Agoicy at Nashville, but their business in- 
 creased so much during the past year that a branch office was estab- 
 lished at 32 and 34 Broad Streets, and 11. C. K. Martin, Jr., a 
 thorough and wide-awake business young man, placed in charge. 
 During Mr. Martin's agency the business of the company at Nash- 
 ville has grown largely. 
 
 Star Union Line. — The Agency of the Star Union Line is 
 located at No. 53 North College Street, and is under the control of 
 Louis R. Wilson, Agent, and Yeatman Hardcastle, Contracting 
 Agent. 
 
 Mail Line. — The Louisville and Cincinnati Mail Line Agency 
 is on South Market Street near Broadway. A. H. French is the 
 Agent. 
 
 Tennessee and Virginia Air Line. — The Tennessee and 
 Virginia Air Line Freight Company is ably represented at Nashville. 
 Col. Albert Smith, at the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad Depot, 
 is the Agent, and W. J. Roach, Contracting Agent. The route of 
 this company extends from Nashville to Norfolk, Virginia, thence 
 by Sea to New York. 
 
 In addition to the above, the Great Western Despatch Company 
 is represented by A. W. Johnson, Jr. The " White Line " and the 
 "Short Line" both also have agencies in the City. 
 
 Street Railways. 
 
 One fact that makes the recent growth of Nashville a certainty is, 
 that several lines of Street Railway have been constructed within 
 the last few years, and all since the close of the war. Year by 
 year, this system of travel is coming more and more in favor, and 
 their facilities are of almost incalculable advantage to a city, since 
 they enable business people, and persons of limited means, to engage 
 in their pursuits in the center of the City, and at the same time enjoy 
 the pleasures of a suburban life. 
 
 The South Nashville Street Railroad. — The South Nash- 
 ville Street Railroad, running out Cherry and College streets, from 
 Cedar to Franklin, was the pioneer Street Railway of the City. It 
 was commenced in 1865 and finished in 1866, at a cost of §17,000 
 
STREET RAILWAYS. 329 
 
 per mile. The entire length of the road, including the Fairfield and 
 Maple Street branches, is four and a half miles. During the year, 
 ending September 1st, 1869, this road transported 400,006 passengers, 
 and its receipts amounted to $29,070.83. The company now owns 
 43 head of horses, and 8 cars, 5 of which are run regularly. It em- 
 ploys, regularly, 19 persons, including managers, clerks, drivers and 
 hostlers. The actual wealth of the company is estimated at $110,000. 
 It is controlled by the following Board of Directors: Thos. Chadwell, 
 Jos. Yaulx, Thos. S. Marr, S. L. Demoville, R. A. Barnes, A. H. 
 Hurley and J. D. Cross. Thos. Chadwell, President, R. A. Barnes, 
 Secretary and Treasurer. This road does an unusal good business 
 in the way of transporting passengers to and from the Nashville & 
 Decatur Depot. 
 
 The North Nashville Street Railroad, or, as it is more 
 rightfully termed, the McGavock & Mt. Vernon Street Railroad, is 
 the second in age, having been built during the year 1867. The total 
 length of the road is 2 J miles and 400 feet, and it runs north from 
 the Public Square, via. College street, to Jefferson street; thence west 
 to Summer street; thence north to the vicinity of St. Cecilia's Aca- 
 demy. At the junction of Summer and Monroe streets, a branch 
 road runs out the latter thoroughfare past Ash Barracks, and ter- 
 minates near Rumerkorf s Gardens. 
 
 The total cost of building this Road, and of stocking it, was 
 $55,972. This total amount of Capital stock is 56,200, of which 
 $54,925 is paid up. The total number of passengers carried over 
 the road in 1868, was 135,327, and in 1869 was 175,917; showing 
 the handsome increase of 40,560 in twelve months. Dr. T. J. Hard- 
 ing is the secretary and Treasurer of this Road, and to his energy 
 and perseverance can be attributed much of its success. 
 
 Church and Spruce Street Railroad. — The youngest of 
 our Street Railroad enterprises is that known as the Church and 
 Spruce Street Road, extending from the junction of Church and 
 Cherry streets, out Church to Spruce street; thence to vicinity of the 
 city limits. A branch road is being built, and is to be complete by 
 June 1st, 1870, extending out Broad street to AYest Carroll, and 
 stopping in the immediate vicinity of the Penitentiary, on Church 
 street. The entire length of the road will then be about two and a 
 half miles, and it will have cost about $45,000 or $50,000. From 
 various causes, but mainly on account, we presume, of the sparsely 
 settled portion of the City, at its original terminus, this road has 
 failed to pay as well as was anticipated by the projectors. In De- 
 
330 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 cember 1869, its sale, with the entire effects Avas made to Thos. 
 Chadwell, President, for the sum of §12,000, the company having 
 lost probably $40,000 in their bargain. The entire road is now 
 owned and controlled by Mr. Chadwell, who has employed J. F. 
 Miller as Superintendent. The road now owns four cars and twenty- 
 four head of stock. 
 
 Newspapers and Periodicals. 
 
 Perhaps in no essential feature has Nashville, since the war, ex- 
 hibited such noticeable progress as in the Press of the City. Always 
 a liberal patron of printer's ink, her merchants have never in any 
 period of her history, evidenced their appreciation of newspaper en- 
 terprise more substantially than in the new business era which has 
 succeeded the Avar. Although Nashville has at times, sustained over 
 half a dozen Daily Newspapers at a time, she has now but two, — yet 
 this number is ample for a city of its population and dimensions, and 
 is a positive advantage, insomuch as the patronage heretofore divided 
 out among a swarm of inferior papers, now concentrated upon two 
 live Dailies, enables the survivors to produce journals which are a 
 credit to the City abroad, contributing, in a quiet almost impercepti- 
 ble way, vastly to her commercial and intellectual character. 
 
 The Press of Nashville to-day when compared, file with file, pre- 
 sents a striking contrast to the same Press before the war. Where it 
 had been the custom to print some two or three columns of dry mis- 
 cellany, and the rest of the paper filled up with advertisements paid 
 for by the square yard almost, we now have Dailies averaging their 
 twenty and twenty-five columns of live telegraphic and local intelli- 
 gence, employing half a dozen editors where they once employed but 
 one, and spending a thousand dollars a week in cash outlay where 
 they expended perhaps but a tenth of that sum weekly before the 
 war. 
 
 In eiglit years the entire range and method of the newspaper busi- 
 ness has undergone a revolution, and may we not predict that during 
 the next fifty years the Press will play the most conspicuous part in 
 public affairs. It will be what its sycophants have always claimed 
 for it, but what it has never really been, the " fourth estate." Ulti- 
 ^^^ately, books will cease to be written. Belles lettres will be con- 
 fined to the standards. The Newspaper, enlarged and every way im- 
 proved, will probably supply the public its daily mental food. Journ- 
 
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 331 
 
 alism, strictly, is the science of human nature; a combination of ac- 
 tion, and actor's art, at once a reflection and the thing itself. 
 
 The really able journalist must therefore be not only a man of 
 thought, but a man of action also. The voluptuous litterateur has 
 no place in the modern printing office; for he only is useful who can 
 work at night; give up society; subordinate his personality to his 
 craft; consider himself, wiiile on duty, as a man on a voyage, bound 
 to serve out a certain time. AVorkers on the Press have very little 
 leisure — for their labor can never be said to be finished. The mere 
 manual labor of writing pages enough of manuscript to fill two or 
 three columns in a daily newspaper would be a good day's work for 
 many people. But when we add to this, that of collecting the news 
 about a city — of arranging the details of names, places, time, and the 
 comments and deductions necessarily attached to it — and then the 
 task of mentally preparing all this to suit the public demand, it will 
 be admitted that the daily labor of the editorial room is not surpassed 
 by any other occupation. We do not, in this list, count the multifa- 
 rious duties connected with the other departments of writing — the 
 commercial — the news summaries — the arranging of correspondence 
 — the selections from interior papers — the patient perusal of contri- 
 butions, which must, too often, after all, be rejected. 
 
 The men who now conduct the Press of our interior are not the 
 village lawyers and politicians of early times, who were wont to use 
 the Press as the mere stepping-stone to office. Men, educated to the 
 profession by a life apprenticeship — men of hard, practical sense and 
 knowledge of human nature, have reformed the business, purged 
 away old abuses, infused new life into every channel, and made the 
 American Press the most important of the world, and the character 
 of our newspapers increases as the wealth and talent required becomes 
 greater. 
 
 Aside from its benefits as a general every day advertisement of the 
 commercial importance of Nashville, the City Press distribute large 
 sums of money in the community. The two daily newspaper estab- 
 lishments here perhaps give employment to upwards of one hundred 
 employes, many of whom have families. Very few manufactories 
 yet established here supply and sustain more consumers in the town. 
 Finally, under this head, let us remark that nothing adds so greatly 
 and so rapidly to the immigration, trade and wealth of a city as a 
 well regulated and liberally sustained local Press, and every dollar of 
 advertising patronage so bestowed, is bread cast upon the waters, 
 which not alone returns ten-fold to the individual advertiser, but in- 
 
1^ j^s i3:"V"i Xj Ij EI 
 
 Business OfiB.ce, No. 53 Cherry Street, 
 
 A THOROUGHLY LIVE, PROGRESSIVE 
 
 NEWS AND COMMERCIAL JOMML! 
 
 DAILY, TRI-fEEKLT AND WEEKLY CIRCULATION 
 
 Over Thirteen Thousand! 
 
 Circulates on all Trains entering the city, in every country town iu the State, 
 and in every State iu the South and West. 
 
 A Paper for the People, the Merchant, the Farmer, the Mechanic and 
 Professional Man, and Best Family Paper in Tennessee. 
 
 To those desiring such a paper, we offer tlie Daily, Tri-Weekly and "Weekly Nash- 
 ville Republican Banner, at the following terms : 
 
 DAII.Y, per Annum §10 00 
 
 TRI-WEEKI.Y, per Annum 5 00 
 
 W£EKI.Y, per Annum 2 00 
 
 Remit through the Mails by Money Order, or send by Express, at our expense, 
 specimen Copies of our Daily and Tri-Weekly and of our Mammoth Weekly Repub- 
 lican Banner seur to any address upon application. 
 
 ALL. KINDS OP 
 
 BOOK, JOB AND FANCY PRINTING 
 
 Executed in the highest style of the Art, at moderate prices and on short notice. 
 We have made, since the first of the year, large additions to our already large stock of 
 Printing Material, of 
 
 MKl^ d^ FASHIOigABIflK TYFKS. 
 
 All Orders left nt our Businc»is Oflice, Nu. 63 CHERRY STREET, will 
 receive prompt attention, and satisfaction g^uarantecd in prices and qual- 
 ity of work. 
 
 ROBERTS & PURVIS, 
 
 PRO FRIETORS. 
 
 332 
 
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 333 
 
 directly contributes immeasurably to the general prosperity of the 
 place. 
 
 The two dailies now established, the RepuhUcan Banner and the 
 Union and American, are both ancient and familiar institutions — the 
 latter being established as enrly as the year 1835 and the former hav- 
 ing been founded better than half a century ago. Both were sus- 
 pended during the war, and resumed publication in 1865. 
 
 The Banner — Was the first tore-commence publication. Con- 
 ducted with ability and enterprise, and independence of tone, its success 
 has been perhaps unequalled in the annals of Southern journalism. 
 There were eight daily newspapers in Nashville when it resumed publi- 
 cation and it outlived them all, and is now in the enjoyment of a perma- 
 nently established prosperity it has never before exjserienced — havincr 
 attained a circulation, by actual count of the sheets thrown off from 
 its press, fur daily, tri-wcekly and weekly editions, aggregating over 
 thirteen thousand copies. Its business management is conducted by 
 a young firm — (with the exception of the senior member thereof, who 
 has been connected with it for better than thirty-five years) — and is 
 managed with perfect system and with good judgment and taste. Its 
 influence is deservedly proportionate with its circulation, and it may 
 be justly said of it, that no paper in Tennessee or the South has ever 
 exhibited more candor and independence or been more earnestly de- 
 voted to the interests of its section. 
 
 At the beginning of the present year, the proprietors of the Bepuh- 
 lican Banner removed their Printing Establishment to more spacious 
 quarters in the rear of their old office on Deaderick Street. Their 
 Business Office now fronts on Cherry Street, No. 67. Immediately 
 after the removal they largely increased their facilities, bought new 
 machinery and presses and added an extensive stock of new and 
 fashionable typographic materials from the latest designs of the Type 
 Founders. At present there is no style of elegant and tasteful letter- 
 l^ress printing executed in eastern cities that they are not able to turn 
 out equally as well and as expeditiously, including all manner of 
 Mercantile, Legal, Railroad and Steamboat Printing, plain and in 
 colors. All kinds of Business, Visiting, "Wedding and Ball Cards 
 Theatre Bills and Posters, Labels, Election Tickets — in short every 
 kind of printing that can be called to mind. 
 
 The proprietors of the Banner are Messrs. Roberts & Purvis 
 
 gentlemen reared and educated in the business, and consequently well 
 prepared to compete with any establishment in the country. Their 
 Book and Job Department is under the supervision of Mr. John W. 
 
THE N^SHV^ILLE 
 
 UNION & AWIERIC 
 
 THE LIA^ELIESX F^FER I]Sr THE STjVTE! 
 
 A POLITICAL COMMERCIAL MP AsilCffLTnEAUOnENAL. 
 
 A Paper for Jhe People, tbe Merciiaut, tlie Farmer, the Mechanic, the 
 Professional Man, and 
 
 ;ET FillLY PAPER IN TENNESSEE ! 
 
 Issued Daily, Semi-^Weekly and "Weekly. 
 
 The Fullest, Best and Cheapest ptiper in the State. Subscription 
 Price greatly reduced : 
 
 I>aily, per Aniinjii §8 OO 
 
 Senii-Weelily, per Annum 4 00 
 
 Onr Mammoth Weehly 2*00 
 
 Specimeu Copies sent on application. 
 
 ^ ■ m 
 
 j^&. K» "^^a^ JBE jts, oe K g» s: xs. s 
 
 Will find the Union and American the best advertising medium in the State. The 
 "reat extent and variety of its reading matter, has forced its enlargement for the ac- 
 commodation of advertisers; and its circulation in all parts of Tennessee, and in South- 
 ern Kentucky, Georgia, Alabama and Mississippi, among merchants, planters and 
 business men, render it especially desirable to those who wish to reach the general and 
 substantial public, by advertising their respective business and interests. 
 
 ^ « • » 
 
 Has the largest, most extensive and complete 
 
 ESTABI^ISHMENT IK TEXNE SEE. 
 
 We are prepared to execute, in the highest style of the art. and at reasonable rates, on 
 the shortest notice, all kinds of 
 
 RAILROAD. lERCAtiTILE, STEAMBOAT, PROGRAMME, NEWSPAPER, 
 
 Book and Paixiplalet I^riiitiiig. 
 
 We invite Examination and Defy Competition. Satisfaction Guaranteed. 
 
 Address, 
 
 J. O. GRIFFITH & GO.;, 
 
 Corner Cherry and Church .Streets, 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 334 
 
NEWSPAPERS AND PEEIODICALS. 335 
 
 Barry, one of the most experienced and accomplislied Job Printers 
 in the State. At present they give employment to some sixty-five 
 or seventy persons, including editors, printers, pressmen, clerks, dis- 
 tributers, etc. 
 
 Taking in the machinery employed in the various dejjartments, we 
 would mention the following to better illustrate their facilities for 
 performing work in their line : One Double Cylinder Hoe Newspaper 
 Press, the only one of the kind in Tennessee, one of Hoe's Single 
 Cylinder Newspaper Presses, one of Adams' extra double medium 
 Book Presses, one Hoe Drum Cylinder Jobber, one of Gordon's Bill 
 Head and Card Presses, one of Gordon's iVIedium Jobbers, one of 
 Ruggles' Rotary Jobbers, one of Ruggles' ISIedium Jobbers, one of 
 Hoe's Lightning Card Presses, and two Hand-Presses for Posters. 
 In addition to the foregoing Printing Presses they are also supplied 
 with a newspaper folding machine which folds sixty pa})ers per min- 
 ute, and is the only thing of the kind in the State. They have be- 
 side, several superb mailing machines which are a great improvement 
 on the ancient hand system. 
 
 We should have mentioned, also, that the Banner issues not only 
 Daily but Tri-Weekly and Weekly editions — the latter made up es- 
 pecially for farmers and country merchants. Their mammoth Week- 
 ly, containing thirty-six columns, claims to be the best Family Xews- 
 pajier printed in the South. 
 
 The Union and American — Is none the less wanting in that indus- 
 try and enterprise which are so essential to the success of journalism in 
 the present age of enlightenment and progress. It is also an old in- 
 stitution of the City and retains in its business and editorial family 
 many of the members of the old firm of anti-bellum memorv. It is 
 conducted editorially with marked dignity, courtesy and good taste, 
 and its business department with admirable system — and no other in- 
 terpretation of its pecuniary success is needed than is furnished in 
 the number of these characteristics. Its business is prosjicrous and 
 its circulation steadily increasing. 
 
 The Union and American also issues in addition to their Daily, 
 both Semi- Weekly and Weekly editions for circulation more especi- 
 ally in the country and among communities without the facilities of 
 a daily mail. This office has also in connection an extensive Book 
 and Job Department, and are well prepared to execute orders for all 
 kinds of Legal and Mercantile Printing. The office gives employ- 
 ment to some fifty-five persons. In their Press Room they run one 
 of Taylor's Small Cylinder Newspaper Presses, one of Adams' extra 
 
336 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Double Medium Book Presses, one of Potter's Drum Cylinder 
 Presses, mammoth size, one of Well's Nonpariel Half-Medium 
 Presses, and one of Taylor's Oscillators. In the Job Department 
 they have one of Gordon's Jobbers, medium size, one of Deginer's 
 Half-Medium Liberty Jobbers, one of Wells' Nonpariel Bill Head 
 and Card Presses, beside two Hand Presses. With the help of such 
 excellent machinery the capabilities of the Union and American 
 office for first-class work are unsurpassed by but few if any Printing 
 Establishments in this region. The ofBce of the Union and Amei'ican 
 is at the corner of Church and Cherry Streets, J. O. Griffith & Co., 
 Proprietors. 
 
 In addition to the Daily Newspapers, we have here also a German 
 Tv\-Wee\dy—T\\& Nashville Demokrat—^v\\Aii\\ed at No. 71 J North 
 Cherry Street, Papendieck, Trauernicht & Co., publishers. General 
 Theodore Trauernicht, Editor. The Demokrat has been in successful 
 operation here for the last two or three years and is the organ of the 
 more intelligent class of our German citizens. It is conducted with 
 considerable ability and in a liberal spirit. The Demokrat also has a 
 Job Department in connection with its office. 
 
 In Periodical Publications Nashville takes high rank among the 
 cities of the South. Here are published several of the recognized 
 organs of several large ecclesiastical bodies, and many of them have 
 numerous and widely scattered subscribers, while the various journals. 
 Medical, Agricultural, Literary and Miscellaneous, issued from this 
 City have scattered the fame of Nashville as an intellectual center 
 throughout the length and breadth of the United States. We would 
 like to dwell more at length on their peculiar excellence did space 
 permit. The immense agency these periodicals have in extending 
 the reputation and influce of our City, though, need not be urged. 
 Our readers can but appreciate it at a glance. The following are 
 are published weekly : 
 
 Banner of Peace, organ of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. 
 Office No. 65 Public Square, Rev. T. C. Blake, editor. 
 
 Nashville Christian Advocate, organ of the Methodist Episcopal 
 Church South, Rev. Dr. Thos. O. Summers, editor. Office at the 
 Southern Methodist Publishing House. 
 
 The Gospel Advocate, organ of the Christian Church, Lipscomb & 
 Sewell, editors. Office, No. 39 Union Street. 
 
 The Labor Union, Office No. 72 North Cherry Street. H. H. 
 Kramer, proprietor. 
 
NEWSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 337 
 
 The Pah Face Ssntinel, a semi-monthly, i.s published at No. 20 
 South College Street, by Messrs. Combs & Neville. 
 
 The following are the monthly publications : 
 
 ]\^ashviUe Journal of 3Iedicme and Snrgeri/, Office at the Medical 
 College, South College Street, Prof. W. K. Bowling, M. D., editor. 
 
 The Ladies' Pearl, a first-class Eclectic and Literary Magazine, 
 John Shirley Ward, editor. Office in the Union and American 
 Building. 
 
 The Home 3Ionthly, a literary periodical of considerable merit, 
 Prof. A. B. Stark, editor. Office at the ^Methodist Publishing House. 
 
 The Masonic Record, the organ of the Masonic Order for Tennes- 
 see and the South. The only periodical of the kind in the Southern 
 States. John Frizzell & Co., editors and proprietors. Office No. 
 84J Church Street. 
 
 The Odd Fellow's Amulet, published under the patronage of the 
 Independent Order of Odd Fellows. The only publication of the 
 kind in the South. Ozanne & Copeland, proprietors. Office No. 39 
 Union Street. 
 
 The Sunday School Visitor, a paper for Sunday School Children. 
 Office at the Methodist Publishing House. Rev. Dr. Thos. O. Sum- 
 mers, editor. 
 
 The Sabbath School Gem, a Cumberland Presbyterian Sabbath 
 School Paper. Rev. T. C. Blake, editor. 
 
 There is also a quarterly publication issued here — the Theological 
 Medium— Rev. T. C. Blake, editor, No. 65 Public Square. It is 
 published in the interest of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church, 
 and was established in 1869. 
 
 Recently a new department of the Publishing Business has been 
 established in our City — that of publishing books by subscription. 
 Messrs. Wm. Garretson & Co. are the pioneers in the business here. 
 Their office is on College Street in the building formerly occupied as 
 the Second National Bank. Messrs. Garretson & Co. are issuing 
 Standard Religious Works, and begun with an edition of "Fleetwood's 
 Life of Christ," with Notes by Rev. J. Newton Brown, D. D., and 
 an edition of about one hundred pages of reading matter in reference 
 to the lives of eminent Christians from the death of Christ to the 
 Reformation. They propose issuing soon, a new illustrated edition of 
 Banyan's Works complete. Also, a new Bible Dictionary by an emi- 
 nent Divine now living in an eastern city. They intend publishing 
 none but first class and Standard Works, and we j)redict for them 
 much success. 
 22 
 
COMBS & NEVILLE, 
 
 PR^CTIC A.L. 
 
 JoTd Printers, 
 
 iSHVILLE, 
 
 Nx* '''''' 
 
 
 
 @)NJ. Til^NjiS§:ii 
 
 THE LIVES! AND BEST COUNTY PAPER PUBLISHED IN TENN. 
 
 CONTROLS THE TRADE OF 
 
 Wilson, DeKalb and Smith Counties. 
 
 THE BEST ADVERTISING MEDIUM FOR 
 
 NASHVILEE WHOLESALE MERCHANTS. 
 
 Address, 
 
 WADE & WHITE, 
 
 I.EBAXON, TEXiVESSEE. 
 
 338 
 
NEAVSPAPERS AND PERIODICALS. 339 
 
 In this connection we might remark that the Book and Stationery 
 House of William C. Collier has, since our work has been in press, 
 changed as to name and location. The firm is now W. C. Collier & 
 Co., and their new house is at No. 44 Union Street. They have fit- 
 ted up their establishment in first-class style and have largely in- 
 creased their stock. 
 
 JOB PRINTING AND PUBLISHING HOUSES. 
 
 In addition to the Book and Job Printing establishments connected 
 with the RepubUean Banner and Union and American Newspaper 
 Offices, the Southern Methodist Publishing House and the house of 
 Paul & Tavel, there are in the City, quite a number of houses devo- 
 ted especially to Book and Job Printing. These houses do all kinds 
 of Mercantile, Counting House and Legal Printing, and Railroad 
 and Steamboat Jobs of every description. Several of these houses 
 have reputation for executing Avork entrusted to them in the highest 
 style known to the typographical art. 
 
 The oldest house of this character is the Ben Franklin Book and 
 Job Office, Jno. T. S. Fall & Sons, Proprietors, corner of Union and 
 Market Streets. This house was established in Nashville in 1847, 
 and is well known throughout the State ior their promptness and 
 first-class workmanship. 
 
 The Book and Job Printing Establishment of Messrs. Combs & 
 Neville is at No. 20 South College Street. Both members of this 
 firm ar3 practical printers, and are well prepared to do work of the 
 best character. 
 
 The ^lercantile Printing Office of Chas. LeRoi is at No. 14 North 
 College Street. 
 
 The Job Printing Office of Geo. P. Campbell is at No. 22 North 
 Cherry Street. 
 
 Wm. S. Bailey has a Job Printing Office at No. 225 Broad Street. 
 
 For the benefit of business men generally, we append below a com 
 plete list of the newspapers at present published in Tennessee : 
 
 EAST TENNESSEE. 
 NAME OF PAPER. WHERE ISSUED, PROPRIETORS. 
 
 Banner, weekly Cleveland McNelly & Son. 
 
 Chronicle, daily Knoxville Rule & Tarwater. 
 
 East Tennessean, weekly Kingston "\V. B. & A. D. Heed. 
 
 Enterprise, weekly Sweetwater L'. B. Woodward. 
 
 Gazette, weekly Morristown L. P. &G, E. Speck. 
 
I 1 1 
 
 "I 
 
 Bio. 44 UMIOM STRUET. 
 
 Nashville, - Tennessee, 
 
 WHOIiElSAL,!: AXD RETAII. I>£AL,E]RS IN 
 
 L 
 
 9 
 
 ST A' 
 
 T 
 
 PHOTOGRAPH ALBUMS, 
 
 
 Depository for the American Bible Society, 
 
 V AND AGENTS FOR THE 
 
 PRESBYTERIAN COMMITTEE OF PUBLICATION SOUTH. 
 
 ALL BOOKS, STATIOHEEK, k., not oil liaiiil ortlerej profflptly, 
 
 Cii *» «» mM. mi Si *» IL ^M. 
 
 340 
 
 a* SH. HP M* M.^ a Si ^ 
 
NEAVSPAPEES AND PERIODICALS. 341 
 
 NAME OF PAPER. M'HERE ISSUED. PROPTIETOKS. 
 
 Herald A' Tribune, weekly Jonesboro' Wheeler »S: Mahoney. 
 
 Holston .Journal, weekly.. RogersvilJe Dobbins ct Capps. 
 
 National Union, weekly (ireeneville Reeves & Nafi'. 
 
 Post, weekly .\t liens Sam. P. Ivins. 
 
 Press Si Herald, tlaily Kno.xvi'le Kamage & Co. 
 
 Republican, weekly Maryville W. B. Scott & '"o. 
 
 St)ldiors' Gazette weekly Maryville W. H. McConnell. 
 
 Times, daily CiiaUanooga Kirby & Gamble. 
 
 Union Flag, weekly Jonesboro' Geo. E. Grishani. 
 
 Whig, daily Knoxville Jos. A. Mabry ifc Co, 
 
 MIDDLE TENNESSEE. 
 
 American Rescue, weekly Slielbyvillc Russ & Russell. 
 
 Chronicle, weekly Clarksville Neblett & Grant. 
 
 Citizen, weekly Pulaski F. O. McCord & Co. 
 
 Commercial, weekly Sbelbyville J. K. & L. H. Russ. 
 
 Demokrat, (German, tri- weekly) Nashville Papendeick,Trauernichtv&Co 
 
 Established Fact, weekly (Tallatiu Thos. Boyers. 
 
 Examiner, weekly Murfreesboro' W. J. Spence. 
 
 Herald, weekly Lebanon Wade A White. 
 
 Herald, weekly Colinnbia Rliss & Ilorsley. 
 
 Home Journal, weekly Winciiester J. K. Beasley &, Co. 
 
 Monitor, weekly Murfreesboro' Baird & Keeble. 
 
 New Era, weekly McMinnville Wallace & Marbury. 
 
 News, weekly Murfreesboro' Henderson & Pritchett. 
 
 News, weekly Fayetteville Hill vfc Smith. 
 
 Observer, weekly Fayetteville N. O. Wallace 
 
 Record, weekly Dover J. P. Flood. 
 
 Record, weekly Springfield Thomas Brothers. 
 
 Republican Banner, daily Nashville Roberts & Purvis. 
 
 Review, weekly Franklin Haynes & Figures. 
 
 Tobacco Leaf, weekly Clarksville Ingraham & Doa-. 
 
 Union and American, daily '^ ashville J. O. Griffith & Co. 
 
 Vidctte, weekly Carthage Frank M. Duffey. 
 
 WEST TENNESSEE. 
 
 Appeal, daily Mempliis Appeal Printing Company. 
 
 Avahuiche, daily Memphis A. J. Kellar. 
 
 Bee, wee-ly Brownsville Westbrook & Oury. 
 
 Courier, weekly Huntingdon H. F. Smoot. 
 
 i*"alcon, weekly Soiucrville S. J. & J . L. Sparks. 
 
 Gazette, weekly Trenton P. T, & J. H. Glass. 
 
 Headlight, weekly. Humlmldt 
 
 Intelligencer, weekly Paris At ins & Hamburg. 
 
 Mail,weei' ly Union City Beers & Chambers. 
 
 I'ublic Ledger, daily Mempliis...' J. J. DuBose. 
 
 Record, weekly Tipton S. P. Rose. 
 
 Republican, weekly lluiitiiigdoii Hawkins & ^lurray. 
 
 Sun, daily Mempliis W. .\. Mc' loy A Co. 
 
 Times, weekly Milan Frank Monroe. 
 
 Tribune, weedy Jackson D. M. Wisdom. 
 
 Whig, weekly Jackson Gates & Son. 
 
 There are, in addition to these, a hirge number of ecclesiastical and 
 miscellaueous journals, but the foregoing arc ^^•]Klt may be termed 
 news papers. 
 
342 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 Art and Artists. 
 
 In many of the branches of Ornamental Art, we have here, in 
 Nashville, representatives whose skilled workmanship and taste, we 
 believe, are on the whole, unexcelled in the South. It would, in- 
 deed, be surprising to many too, to know the extent that the various 
 divisions have already attained, and were a procession formed of 
 those in this City, who make Art their study, it would be quite im- 
 posing, from its numbers as well as the talents of its members. We 
 have not space for detailing their specialties, or going into length re- 
 garding the character of their work. So many Buildings that are 
 models of classic beauty, so many evidences of cultivated taste, are 
 to be found, in Nashville, that the subject is an exceedingly compre- 
 hensive one. 
 
 Prominent among Architects and Designers of Buildings, stand 
 the following gentlemen : Dobson & Williamson, 23 Public Square; 
 Jas. C. Kiddell, John L. Smith, Cherry street; and Phillip Dorn- 
 busch, Union street. 
 
 Among Engravers and Designers; on Wood, Metal, etc., decidedly 
 the most prominent is the firm of F. L. Davies & Bro., Maxwell 
 House Building, Cherry street. This house, ever foremost in enter- 
 prise, are doing much in the way of introducing to the Nashville 
 public. Engravings, Designs and Cuts, in character of workman- 
 ship and in point of taste and modern ideas, hitherto unapproached 
 here. The Artists employed by them are gentlemen of thorough 
 education in their profession, and this, together with constant obser- 
 vation of all new ideas, attained in other cities, should make them 
 successful claimants for patronage. 
 
 There are also several firms who have gained considerable reputa- 
 tion as Photographic Artists. These, are: C. C. Giers, 43 and 45 
 Union street; F. T. Saltsman, corner Union and College, J. H. 
 Van Staovren, corner Cherry and Union, and A. Larcombe. There are 
 also a host of smaller houses. 
 
 In Portrait Painting, Washington Cooper, corner Union and Sum- 
 mer streets, and George Dury, with C. C. Giers, are the leading Art- 
 ists. J. F. Wagner is Avell known as an excellent Landscape and 
 Descriptive Painter; while Knoch & Sclicher have earned a good 
 reputation as Frescoe Painters. 
 
Dobson & Williamson, 
 
 E^ ^40 I^P If ^i^ US! i^- ^ 
 
 Iffo. 23 Public SquaPG^ 
 
 NASHVILLE, - TENNESSEE. 
 
 JOHN 
 
 ARCHITECT. 
 
 OFFICE, No. 71 2^ North Cherry Street, 
 
 ^BET^V'EEN U>'10N AND DEADKRICK,) 
 
 NASHVILLE, 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 ]srA.Tioisr^L 
 
 6 
 
 J 
 
 43 and 45 Union Street, 
 
 PLAIN AND ORNAMENTAL 
 
 PHOIflG!lllPIIS,CifimD[^ISII[&P[IR[I!P[S 
 
 IN THE HIGHEST STYLES OF THE ART. 
 ^» ^ ' ■» 
 
 Small Pictures Copied up to Life Size! 
 
 tall ami See Specimens. C C, CvISIiSH 
 
 343 
 
COLLEGE H] 
 
 Iron W"orks 
 
 NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE. 
 
 RON FOUNDERS, MACHINISTS, 
 
 AND MANUFACTURERS OF 
 
 PORTABLE AND ETATIONARY ENGINES! 
 
 SAW, OeiST <^ BARK MILLS^ 
 
 IRON HOUSE FR!lT>^, COLUMNS AND VERANDAS, 
 
 IRON RAILING, BRONZED AND ORNAMENTAL IRON WORK, 
 
 For Lawns and Cemeteries^ 
 
 ■V^SES Jk.l<rjD ZFOTJmTT^IlsrS, 
 
 STOVES, HOLLOW-WARE, 
 
 LYONS' PATENT PORTABLE KITCHEN FURNACE, 
 Wilson & Fairbank's Patent Spining Wheel, 
 
 AND EVERY DESCRIPTION OF 
 
 ^ « ^ 
 
 jm- 3ti jc -^-mT- o 3EK. jik: -^k^^ ^m. Ji» TE& jm^ i»r chd ac Jt» - 
 
 344 
 
Dental Card! 
 
 A new, neat and durable method for inserting Artificial 
 Teeth, Ptitented by 
 
 DR. E. STUCK, OF OHIO. 
 
 As I have been inserting the 'New Method for over a 
 a year, I am satisfied that it combines more advantages 
 than any plan heretofore known, and can most cheerfully 
 recommend it to the public as one of the greatest improve- 
 ments of the age. Among the numerous advantages it 
 possesses, I will mention the following : 
 
 1st. It requires but one-third the Rubber to malie tlie job. 
 
 2d. The Plates are of a uniform thickness. 
 
 3d. They are as thin as gold plate, therefore greatly diminish the unnatural ir- 
 cumbrance in the mouth. 
 
 4th. The plates are all polished by the process of vulcanizing, with a niost beauti- 
 ful enamel polish. 
 
 5th. They are more accurately adapted to the mouth, and are not lial)le to drop 
 down in speaking or eating. 
 
 6th. They are much more healthy than the old plates. 
 
 7th. Tliey are just the thing for public speakers, and those desiring a distinct pro- 
 nunciation. 
 
 8th. They are highly recommended by such eminent gentlemen as Prof, J. Taft, of 
 the Oliio College of Dental Hurgory; Professors H. R. Smith and J. A. Walling, D. D., 
 of the same institution; Prof. P, H. Austen, of the Baltimore College of Ueutal Surgery, 
 and many others. 
 
 OrnCE, No. 129 Church Street, 
 
 Has the exclusive Rio-ht for Middle Tennessee. 
 
 SPECIMEKS OF HIS WORK ARE CONSTANTLY OS EXHIBITION. 
 
 345 
 
TWO PASSENGER TRAINS LEAVE NASHVILLE AND CHATTANOOGA 
 DAILY, EXCEPT SUNDAY, CONNECTING 
 
 At I^9,SllVlll6 with Louisville & Nashville, Edgefield & Kentucky Nash- 
 ville & Decatur, and Nashville & Northwestern Railroads, 
 and with Cumberland River Packets for all principal 
 points North, Northeast, Northwest, South and Southwest. 
 
 At 
 At 
 
 At Decherdw 
 
 At 
 
 At 
 
 with Branch for Shelbyville. 
 
 j3,il01113( with McMinnville & Manchester Railroad for Manchester 
 McMinnville, Sparta, Spencer and Livingston. 
 
 ith Winchester & Alabama Railroad, for Winchester, Fayette- 
 ville, etc. 
 
 with Tennessee Coal & Railroad Company, for Sewanee and Tracey 
 City. 
 
 OLGV611SGI1 with Memphis & Charleston Railroad for Huntsville, Cor- 
 inth, Grand Junction, Mobile, Memphis and New Orleans. 
 
 At Bridgeport wi 
 At 
 
 th Blanch for Jasper. 
 
 2^ with Western & Atlantic, E. Tennessee, Vii-ginia & 
 Georgia, and Alabama & Chattanooga Railroads, for Dal- 
 ton, Kingston, Rome, Selma, Atlanta, West Point, Colum- 
 bus, Montgomery, Eufaula, Macon, Savaniiah, Augusta, 
 Charleston, Columbia, Wilmington, Charlotte, Raleigh, 
 Knoxville, Bristol, Lynchburg, Petersburg, Richmond, 
 Norfolk, Washington, Baltimore, Philadelphia, New York 
 and Boston. 
 
 B etween the South Atlantic seaboard cities and the progressive cities of the open 
 
 plains of the West, as well as the most direct and short route to New York, 
 
 Philadelphia, Baltimore and Washington City. 
 
 PALACE SLEEPING CARS ON ALL NIGHT TRAINS. 
 
 JBtjm.m^^j^^i-x: m^-mm:jE:m:;MaLjEM9 acx9:jbc.«>«j«:JrH:. 
 
 E. W. COLE, President. W. A. GLEAVES, Treasurer. 
 
 JNO. W. THOMAS, Gen'l Sup't. CHAS. W. ANDERSON, Geu'l Fr't Ag't 
 
 W. L. DANLEY, Gen'l Pass, and Ticket Agent. 
 
 346 
 
Nashville 
 
 -A. jsr JD 
 
 "■■^t'-t . 
 
 
 NORTH \ 
 
 A. I X^ R O A. 13 ! 
 
 Double Daily Trains are run bet-ween 
 
 ?1 
 
 T 
 
 »G ^m. SI IB-"" J^ i»< -■» ""m^^ .Bi: »» "Jf , 
 Affording facilities and advantagos to tlie traveling public worthy of special atteu- 
 
 tioii, it iK'ing the 
 
 CENTRAL SHORT 
 T \MM IF 
 
 OUTE TO 
 
 Pullman^ ICimball ^ II.«s.2iriS3csr''s 
 
 LP! LA E S LEE PI N G C iG H Ei 
 
 ARE RUN BETWEEN NASHVILLE AND MFMPHIS OVER THIS LINE, 
 
 CoiHieetion is made at Union City Willi tlie Mobile & Ohio Railroad, and at Hicli- 
 man with the most magnificeut Steamers of the Memphis and Saint 
 I^ouis Packet Company, for 
 
 Cohmbus, Cairo, Paducah, St. Louis, Chicago, 
 
 And all impintant points ^V(••^t and Xorthwtsi, 
 And at McKenziefor all principal points Soiitli and Southwest. 
 
 AX) JN 9;SI1V1116, Trains arrive and depart from the :iepot of the Nashville & 
 C'batt;ini)ii.i;t Kailroad, connecting with the Nashville & Chattanooga, Louisville & 
 Nashville, Nashville ife Decatur, and Edgefield & Kentucky Railroads, for all points 
 North, South and East. 
 
 J. W. THOMaS, (Jen'l Sup'l. A. L. LANDIS, Gen'l Managing .\gent. 
 
 CHAS. W. ANDERSON, Gen'l Fr't Ag't. W. L. DAN LEY, Gen'l Pass. & Ticket Ag't. ' 
 
 347 
 

 iifir 
 
 NASHVILLE, 
 
 IJI 
 
 TENNESSEE. 
 
 This First-class and Fashionable House is situated in one of the most central and 
 business localities of the city. 
 
 TT 
 
 JE ^ Jm^ 'M^ m» <€I^ JX 
 
 I'cparliiR'iil is under the special supervision of 
 
 & w 
 
 GPJHES: 
 
 Engages the attention of tlie 
 
 rs. 
 
 Every thing about the place is 
 
 NEAT, INVITING AND FIRST-CLASS. 
 
 IVILLE HOTEL! 
 
 HiNTSVUE, fl 
 
 OHi^DO^ •-^tKSC^ ~^^KSm 
 
 J. M. VENABL 
 
 nss^ >^tKh^ —m-^-'*- —*""■"■ 
 
 This is a First-Class House in all its appointments, and 
 is located in the business portion of the city. 
 
 A Liberal Patronage is Solicited. 
 
 348 
 
PUBLIC BUILDINGS AXD INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 Few Southern Cities present >such attractions for the stranger, in 
 the way of Public Buildings, as Nashville. Being the Capital City 
 of Tennessee, all of the most important Buildings of the State are 
 located either witliin, or near, this City, while in addition, we have 
 here many noble Institutions, for learining or charitable purposes — 
 ])roud monuments of benevolence rearing theii" heads in almost 
 every quarter of the City, the munificence and philauthrophy, which 
 has characterized the action of our State in public benefactions to the 
 unfortunate, being among Tennessee's brightest ornaments. 
 
 The State Capitol. 
 
 This beautiful and magnificent structure, located upon the summit 
 of a commanding eminence, almost in the heart of the City, 175 feet 
 above the Cmnberland River, is, j)erhaps, tlie most elegant, splendid, 
 and costly State House in the Union. It is, to a stranger coming 
 into our nn'dst, the chief and first object of attraction; at least, in an 
 architectural point of view. Connoisseurs, Practical Architects and 
 traveling gentlemen of intelligence, who have visited our City since 
 its erection, pronounce it the most completely finished edifice, in point 
 of magnitude, elegance and exquisite symmetery of proportion, 
 within their knowledge. It is an honor alike to the genius of the 
 distinguished Architect, who designed it, and to the legislative bodies 
 which have successively voted the appropriations necessary for its 
 erection and completion, as well as to the wealth, liberality and pro- 
 gress of the mighty old commonwealth, it so proudly represents. ^Vc 
 are indebted to the Nashville City Directory, i)ubiished in 1860-61, 
 for a detailed history and account of the Building, which we make 
 free to use: 
 
350 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 ''Our State has been peculiarly fortunate in the construction of its 
 Capitol. In the first place, the funds have been honestly expended; 
 the Commissioners were honest, intelligent and liberal men in their 
 views, and have never received or desired one cent for their services 
 during the whole period of the erection of the building, fifteen years; 
 though, at times, their proceedings, as to matters of taste, have been 
 severely criticised on all hands, and the successive Legislatures have, 
 on several occasions, treated them very cavalierly in the examination 
 of their accounts, though they have invariably found everything cor- 
 rect to the letter, as far as their proceedings were concerned. Previ- 
 ously to the year 1843, the seat of government of the State had not 
 been finally settled upon. It had been located at various times at 
 Knoxville, Kingston, Murfreesboro' and Nashville. The Davidson 
 County Court-house had been used previously for the meetings of 
 the Legislature, but the building becoming too small for the increas- 
 ing numbers of the body, the project of building a State Capitol was 
 spoken of, but the permanent location of the seat of State Govern- 
 ment had first to be determined on. Its location at Nashville was 
 not, by any means, a fixed fact, though the sessions of the Legisla- 
 ture had been held there for some years; that is, for the years 1812— 
 13-15, and from 1820 to that time. Almc;st every town in the 
 State, having any ]>retentions at all to eligibility or convenience of 
 position, had their advocates. The following places were successively 
 voted for: Woodbury, McMinnville, Franklin, Murfreesboro', King- 
 ston, Lebanon, Columbia, Sparta, Gallatin, Clarksville, Shelbyville, 
 Harrison, Chattanooga, Cleveland, Athens, Knoxville, and, finally, 
 Nashville. 
 
 "The location had once been fixed at Kingston ; but, on a reconsider- 
 ation of the vote, Nashville was triumphant, though this result must 
 be mainly attributable to the liberality of our City, having purchased 
 the present Capitol, then Campbell's Hill, from the Hon. G. W. 
 Campbell, for §30,000, and presenting it to the State as a free gift. 
 This Act was passed October 7th, 18-13. The project of building a 
 Capitol was then urged, and twenty-four days after the Act just 
 mentioned, an act was passed (January 30th, 1844) making the first 
 appropriation to the Capitol — $10,000. Commissioners were ap- 
 pointed — Wm. Carroll, (Gov.) V/m. Nichol, John M. Bass, Samuel 
 D. Morgan, James Erwin and Morgan W. Brown. To whom were 
 added. May 14th, 1844, James Woods, Joseph T. Elliston and Allen 
 A. Hall; John M. Bass, Chairman; and March 31st, 1848, appointed 
 President, which position he held till March 31st, 1854, when Samul 
 D. Morgan was appointed and still holds it. April 20th 1854, Messrs. 
 John Campbell, John S. Young and Jacob INIcGavock were appointed 
 Commissioners by Governor Johnson. By act of February 28th, 
 1854, Messrs. R. J. Meigs and James P. Clark were appointed Com- 
 missioners. Mr. John D. Winston appointed Commissioner by 
 Governor. The following Governors of the State have, ex-oficio, 
 held the office of Commissioners: Wm. Carroll, James K. Polk, 
 James C. Jones, Aaron V. Brown, Neill S. Brown, Wm. Trousdale, 
 
THE STATE CAPITOL. 
 
 Wm. B. Campbell, Andrew Johnson and Isbam G. Harris. j\Iessrs. 
 Nichol, Erwin, Elliston, Bass, have resigned. Messrs. Brown, Woods 
 and Young died. Of the Governors, Messrs. Carroll, Polk, Jonesand A. 
 V. Brown have died. Upon the first appointment of the Commissioners, 
 they Avere extremely fortunate in securing the services of so distin- 
 guished an architect as Mr. Wm. Strickland, of Philadelphia, than 
 whom no man of his profession in the country had a wider or more 
 merited fame." 
 
 The ground was begun to be cleared off of the site about the 1st of Jan- 
 uary, 1845, foundations dug, and nearly finished by the 4th of July, 
 on which day the eorner-stone was laid in the south-east corner of 
 the Building, with imposing ceremonies. An eloquent oration was 
 delivered on the occasion, by the Hon. Edwin Ewing. The Build- 
 ing was carried on regularly and steadily, without error or interrup- 
 tion, till the time of Mr. Strickland's death, April 7th, 1854. His 
 funeral ceremonies were conducted in the Kepresentative Hall, and 
 he was entombed in a recess in the M'all of the north basement portico, 
 after having lived to see the principal part of the work finished. 
 There are but few instances in which so noble a work has served as 
 the tomb and monument of its designer. Sir Christopher Wren, 
 architect of St. Paul's Cathedral, London, and the aichitect of the 
 Cologne Cathedral, are the noted examples of that sort. 
 
 After the death of ]\Ir. Strickland, the work was for several years 
 carried on by his son, Mr. F. W. Strickland. The last stone of the 
 tower was laid July 21st, 1S55, and the last stone of the lower ter- 
 race, March 19th, 1859, which completed the stone work. The 
 building was first occupbd by the Legislature, October 3d, 1853. 
 The following table shows the cost of the Building each year since its 
 commencement : 
 
 APPROPRIATIONS TO BUILDING FUND. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Appropri- 
 ations. 
 
 $ 10,000 
 
 3'2,oflO 
 
 S,50o 
 
 ] 00,000 
 
 150,000 
 
 I'Jxpendi- 
 ture on 
 Buildina;. 
 
 Purchae 
 of ground 
 
 Decora- 
 tions. 
 
 Peniten- 
 tiary. 
 
 Sundries. 
 
 1'otal appro- 
 priation of 
 each year. 
 
 January 30, 1844 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■'Jiiimary 5, 1S4() 
 
 Jauuary 5, "84(; 
 
 
 S,'5o6 
 
 ' * lO.O'iO 
 
 tJanuary -Ji, i.s4S.... 
 Febiuarv'.t, 1S50 
 
 
 
 
 50,500 
 150,500 
 3ii0,.WO 
 550,500 
 750,500 
 
 January ;il, IS.VJ 
 February iiS, 1854... 
 
 ?.^".000 
 ?(ii),()i 
 150,001' 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 February '.iS, 1850... 
 
 To Oct. 68 
 770,004 90 
 
 77»,G(i4 Oil 
 
 To Oct. 57 
 4V,150 
 
 $50,050 
 
 Oct. '57 
 23,701 44 
 
 Oct. 1, '57 
 41,'Z-J2 30 
 
 $41,22-i SO 
 
 Oc . 1, "57 
 10,8-21.27 
 
 1844 to 1859 
 
 $900,500 
 
 ~1 0,821727 
 
 .t;yoo,50_o 
 
 
 *1 0,000 per annum for two years. t$50,000per annum for two years. 
 
 A concise statement of the site, plan and structure of the building 
 is indispensable to the formation, by distant readers, of a correct 
 
352 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 idea of its appearance, though a verbal description, without the aid 
 of a correct cut, must, of course, be very imperfect. Tlie State- 
 house is a parallelogram, 112 by 239 feet, with an elevation 64 feet 
 8 inches above an elevated terrace walk, which surrounds it, or 74 
 feet 8 inches above the ground. Rising through the center of the 
 roof is the tower, which is 36 feet square, and 80 feet high. The 
 main idea of the elevation of the building is a Greek Ionic Temple, 
 erected upon a rustic basement, which, in its turn, rests (in appear- 
 ance) upon a terraced pavement. The Building has four fronts — on 
 every side — north, south, east and west, each sid^ "graced with a noble 
 portico. The end porticoes — north and south — are each composed of 
 8 magnificent Ionic columns. The side porticoes — east and west — 
 are composed each of 6 columns. These columns, 28 in all, are each 
 4 feet in diameter, by 33 feet high, and rest upon the ental)lature of 
 the basement. This entablature is supported by a rusticated pier, 
 rising through the basement story, under each column of the portico 
 above. The end porticoes are capped by an entablature, which is 
 continued around the Building. Above this entablature is a heavy 
 pediment. The side porticoes are capped by the entablature and 
 double blocking courses. 
 
 The building inside, is divided into three stories — the crypt, or 
 cellar; the basement, or first floor; and the main, or second floor. 
 The crypt is used for the State Arsenal, and for furnaces and the 
 like. The basement has a passage or hall through the center of the 
 building 204 feet long by 24 feet wide, crossed traversely by three 
 halls, the main one 100 feet long by 30 feet 3 inches; height of this 
 floor, 16 feet 4 inches. This floor is divided in Supreme and Federal 
 Court rooms, each 35 feet by 52 feet 8 inches, and offices for the 
 Governor, the Comptroller, the Treasurer, the Secretary of State, 
 Register of Lands, Superintendent of AVeights and ISleasures; and 
 Keeper of Public Arms, and Clerks of the Suj^reme and Federal 
 Courts (each of which is 16 by 24 feet), and by the Archive-room, 
 which is 34 feet square. This room is fitted up in a handsome 
 manner, with book and paper cases made of white walnut, and the 
 room otherwise handsomely furnished. The Court rooms are also 
 well furnished — the Supreme Court-room in a very excellent manner. 
 The main floor is reached by a handsome flight of 24 steps, 11 feet 
 wide at the west end of the basement transverehall. The balusters? 
 or hand-railing of this stairway, are of East Tennessee marble, a 
 most beautiful colored mottled marble, very hard, and taking a high 
 polish. The transverse hall of this upper is the same as that of the 
 
THE STATE CAPITOL. 353 
 
 lower floor in dimensions. The longitudinal hall of this floor is 128 
 feet 2 inches long, hy 24 feet 2 inches wide, the same as the side pas- 
 sages as below. The height ol these halls, and of all of the rooms of 
 this floor, is 39 feet. The rooms are, the Representative Hall, Gl 
 by 97 feet; Senate Chamber, 34 feot 8 inches by 70 feet 3 inches; 
 Library Rooms, respectively 16 by 34, and 34 by 34 feet, and Com- 
 mittee Rooms, each 16 feet 8 inches by 16 feet 8 inches. 
 
 The Representative Hall is a truly noble aj)artinent, and an honor 
 to the taste and genius of the architect. The main floor, 61 by 97 
 feet, is flanked on the east and west sides by eight committee rooms, 
 16 feet 8 inches. Above these rooms, on each side are the public 
 galleries. The front of each of these galleries is graced by eight 
 coupled columns, 21 feet 11 inches high, and 2 feet 10 inches in dia- 
 meter, of the Composite order, and fluted. The shaft of each column 
 is of one block of stone, capped by exceedingly graceful and elaborate 
 capitals, the device of the architect. This room is well furnished, 
 and windows curtained. The Speaker's stand and screen wall is 
 composed of red, white and black Tennessee marble. The chandelier 
 is from the establishment of Cornelius & Baker, of Philadelphia, 
 and is one of the largest, most elaborate, graceful and costly chande- 
 liers in the Union, and cost $1,500. The chief points in the design 
 are representations of the natural, animal and vegetable j) rod notions 
 of the State, such as cotton, corn and tobacco. There are also six 
 buffaloes, extremely well executed, and a number of Indian warriors, 
 each nearly two feet high, and of most excellent proportions. The 
 burners are 48 in number. 
 
 The Senate Chamber, 34 by 70 i'eet, is also well fitted up, and is 
 surrounded on three sides, north, west and south, by a gallery for 
 the public, 10 feet 9 inches wide, supported by 12 smooth Ionic 
 columns of red Tennessee marble, each 10 feet 3 inches high, and 3 
 feet dh inches in circumference, with black marble bases, and archi- 
 trave of red and white marble. This room has : Iso a chandelier, 
 similar in design to that of the Representative Hall, though smaller 
 and of probably better proportions. 
 
 There are 34 chandeliers, 11 brackets, 12 pendants, and 8 gasela- 
 bras in the whole building, with 420 burners, with 1 chandelier of 
 40 burners, 3 of 30 burners, 1 of 18, 1 of 15, 2 of 12, 6 of 8, 2 of 
 6, 18 of 4, etc. All these elegant gas fixtures were made by Messrs. 
 Cornelius & Baker, of Philadelphia. 
 
 Above the center of the building, and through the roof, rises the 
 tower, supported by four massive piers rising from the ground, 10 
 
354 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 by 12 feet. The design of this structure (the tower) — for it is a 
 noble work in itself — is a modified and improved reproduction of 
 the "Choragic Monument of Lysicrates;" or, as it is sometimes 
 called, the " Lantern of Demosthenes," erected in Athens about 325 
 B. C, and still standing. The tower is composed of a scpiare rustic 
 base, 36 feet square and 42 feet high, with a window in each front. 
 Above this the lantern, or round part of the tower, rises, 26 feet 8 
 inches in diameter, by 37 feet high. It consists of a circular cell, 
 with eight most beautiful three-quarter fluted Corinthian columns, 
 attached around its outer circamiference with alternate blank and 
 pierced windows between each two columns, in each of the two stories 
 of the cell. The columns have each a very elaborate and beautifully 
 wrought capital of the purest Corinthian style, and above all, a 
 heavy entablature. The column shafts are 2 feet 6 inches in diame- 
 ter, by 27 feet 8 inches high, and capital 4 feet high. The roof and 
 iron finial ornament are, together, 34 feet high above the last stone of 
 the tower, making the whole height of the edifice above the ground, 
 206 feet 7 inches, or over 400 feet above low water in the Cumber- 
 land River near by. The following table exhibits some of the prin- 
 cipal dimensions of the building at a glance: 
 
 FEET. IN. 
 
 Length • 239 3 
 
 Length, including terrace at eacli end, 17 feet wide, and projecting steps, 16 
 
 feet 10 inches '. 306 8 
 
 Width ateachend 112 5 
 
 "Width at each end, including terrace 17 feet wide, at each side 142 5 
 
 "Width at the center, includingside porticoes, eachlofeet wide 138 5 
 
 HEIC4HT OP BUILDING. 
 
 Lower terrace, or pavement 2 
 
 Upper terrace ; ••••• 8 9 
 
 From upper terrace to top of entablature of main building 64 8 
 
 End pediments, or of the roof 13 
 
 Stonework of tower, above roof of main building 79 2 
 
 Iron finial ornament, together with the tower roof. 34 
 
 Total height 206 7 
 
 Some more of the minute details should be mentioned. The roof 
 of the building is constructed of rafters, composed of Cumberland 
 Hiver wrought-iron tics and braces, trussed in sections, and joined 
 together by cast-iron plates and knees, by wrought-iron purlins; the 
 gi'eatest span of these wrought-iron rafters is over the Representa- 
 tives' Hall, a distance of sixty-five feet. The whole is sheathed and 
 covered with copper. The water is conveyed from the roof ))y cast- 
 iron gutter pipes eight inches in diameter, inserted in the walls, and 
 is carried to basins under the terrace pavements, all around the build- 
 
THE STATE CAPITOL. iOO 
 
 ing. This water will beeventually used to irrigate tliegroun<ls wlien 
 completed. 
 
 There has been placed on each step buttress, on each front of the 
 building, an ornamental iron lamp post, sixteen in number, made at 
 the establishment of AVood, Perot & Co., Philadelphia, which are 
 certainly the most elaborate and costly objects of the kind which 
 have yet been put up in iron in this country. Each post consists of 
 a composite fluted column, resting on a heavy base, and supporting 
 above a large glass lamp, with gas burners. Around this column, 
 and standing on the base, are three youthful figures, nearly life 
 size, representing Morning and Night (feimile figures half draped), 
 and Noon, a youth holding a torch — a happy (lonceptiou of the artist, 
 and a credit to him, keeping in view the price paid for them, and 
 the time to do them in. There are twenty-four of these figures alto- 
 gether. 
 
 The walls of the building for the foundation, are seven feet thick; 
 the upper walls four and a half feet; the inner walls are respectively 
 three feet, two feet eighteen inches, and twelve inches. All of the 
 inside walls are laid with rubbed stone ; the terraces, pavements and 
 the round part of the tower, square droved or chiseled; outer walls 
 of the first story, and square part of the tower, rusticated work and 
 tooled. The walls around the grounds will be drafted bush ham- 
 mered. 
 
 The material of the building is of a stratified limestone, full of 
 fossils, some of it very hard, of a slightly bluish-gray tint, vath 
 cloud-like markings. It is found within half a mile Avest of the 
 building, in a quarry opened by the State, on the grounds of Mr. 
 Samuel Watkins. Stones nave been quarried from this place, weio-h- 
 ing, in their rough state, fifteen or twenty tons, and thirty or more 
 feet long. One of the terrace stones of the building is eight feet 
 three inches by fourteen feet, and the cap stones of the terrace but- 
 tresses are five feet ten inches by sixteen feet eleven inches, the 
 heaviest weighing probably eight or ten tons. The stone may be 
 considered, both as to durability and beauty of appearance, when 
 worked, equal, if not superior to any building stone in the Union. 
 The building, or parts of it, have now stood the test of the storms of 
 over fourteen years, and is still without flaw, though our climate is 
 exceedingly changeable, and very destructive to building stone when 
 nuich exposed, as some of our other public edifices, built by inferior 
 limestone, will show. The doors, and window frames and sash 
 are all of oak. The stairways throughout arc hanging, and of stone, 
 
356 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 except the tower and library steps, which are of iron. Nearly the 
 whole of the work on tliis building was done by Tennessee mechanics 
 and artisans. The stone-cutting and setting are most admirably 
 done, and is not excelled, or hardly equaled, in the United States or 
 )e. 
 
 In the Library Rooms of the State House there were, according to 
 tlie Librarian's last report, 18,989 volumes, embracing not only a full 
 collection of State and Law publications, but many rare and costly 
 theological, medical and miscellaneous works — Poets, Essayists, 
 Critics, Historians — together wdth a full file of all the daily newspa- 
 pers published in Nashville and other points in the State, for many 
 years back. In fact, there is nowhere in the South to be seen such a 
 collection of intellectual jja^u/urjt as in this large and varied Library 
 — the gatherings of years of constant labor. AVe would like, vrere it 
 possible, to give a more extended account of this department, but 
 must content ourself with w'hat has already been said. We can say 
 this, however, that a good library sustained by the State would prove, 
 if sufficiently used, the most valuable gift which could possibly be 
 made to the youth of the country. 
 
 There is still another feature about the State House, worthy the 
 attention of the visitor. It is the collection of rarities and curiosities, 
 by the Tennessee Historical Society. The Museum of the Society 
 occupies, in conjuntion with the State Library, the same ajjartments. 
 Here one may witness many unique and wonderful specimens, from 
 an Egyptian mummy to the rude battle swords of our fore- 
 fathers; coins of all nations; geological, mineralogical and botanical 
 specimens, in countless heaps, with many a relic of the past — all in- 
 teresting, all instructive. Portraits and paintings, flags and trophies, 
 adorn the walls, and form a panorama so delightful and entertaining 
 as to well repay a visit to the Capitol. 
 
 But there yet remains work enough to be done on the building and 
 grounds to exercise the liberality of future Legislatures. The grounds, 
 which are unenclosed, are in a most chaotic state — a mere mass of 
 huge broken rocks, together with various dilapidated out-houses, al- 
 together a disgrace to the State and tlie city. If once completed, ac- 
 cording to the original plan of the architect, and in a manner 
 worthy of the building, the Capitol of Tennessee, with its grounds, 
 will probably be the completest establishment of the kind in Amer- 
 ica. It is devoutly hoped that the work will be carried forward 
 without delay, and in a spirit of the largest and most enlightened 
 liberality. 
 
THE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSAXE. 357 
 
 Tennessee Hospital for the Insane. 
 
 Tliis State has an Asylum for the Insane, that may justly challenge 
 the admiration of the world. The philanthropist who visits here eau 
 bat feel his heart thn^b witii pleasure as he views the noble institution 
 that a munificent charity has erected to ameliorate the condition of 
 suffering humaiiity, minister to minds diseased, and with "some sweet 
 oblivious antidote," alleviate " the heart that pineth in sorrow and 
 sadness — the brain that rioteth free in its madness." With a spirit 
 which is gratifying, not more on account of the liberality of her citi- 
 zens, than their humanity, they responded in a manner worthy of 
 their patriotic and humane sentiments, when a call was made upon 
 them for means to erect this noble institution. 
 
 In Xovember, 1847, the well-known philanthropist, Miss D. L. 
 Dix, visited the capital of Tennessee. Finding the accommodations 
 for the insane inadequate to their wants, she memorialized the Legis- 
 lature on the subject. The facts set forth, the assiduity and industry 
 with which she depicted the sufferings of this unfortunate class, could 
 have no other effect than to arouse the representatives of a generous 
 people npon the subject. On the 5th day of February, 1848, An Act 
 was passed, establishing a " Hospital for the Insane/' and empow- 
 ering the Governor to aj^point Commissioners to select and purchase 
 a site, create a Superintendent and architect, and do what was neces- 
 sary to carry out promptly the wishes of the Legislature. The Gov- 
 ernor appointed Alexander Allison, Lucius J. Polk, Andrew Ewing, 
 T. J. Player, Samuel D. Morgan, John J. White, H. S. Frazier, D. 
 D. Donaldson and J. B. Southall, Commissioners. These gentlemen 
 purchased a beautiful fiirm, containing two hundred and fifty-five 
 acres, situated in one of the healthiest localities in Tennessee, six 
 miles from Nashville, on the Murfreesboro turnpike road. This 
 . farm at present occupies some four hundred and eighty acres, hav- 
 ing been enlarged by subsequent purchases. The site being se- 
 cured, Dr. John J. Young was appointed Superintendent, and General 
 A. Heirnan Architect of the building to be erected. The Superin- 
 tendent and Architect soon after visited various institutions in the 
 Northern and Eastern States, f )r the purpose of ac({uiring necessary 
 information. Finally, the plan of the Butler Asylum, at Providence, 
 Rhode Island, slightly changed in architectural style, but similar as 
 to internal arrangements, was adopted. The Butler Asylum was 
 erected under the supervision of Dr. Bell, of the McLean Hospital, 
 near Boston ; and the plan was copied by Dr. Bell, when on a visit tc 
 
358 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 England from the Asylum at Maidstone. From time to time, addi- 
 tions and improvements have been put to the original, until at present 
 it may well be doubted whether a more convenient, imposing and 
 splendid building of its kind can be fmnd in America. The value 
 of the building and grounds is variously estimated at from S300,000 
 to ^400,000. 
 
 The Tennesse Hospital for the Insane is of the castellated style of 
 architecture, with twenty-four octagonal towers of proportionate di- 
 mensions, placed on the corners of the main building and its wings, 
 while from the main building rises a larger octagonal tower, twenty- 
 five feet above the roof, and sixteen feet in diameter. A range of 
 liattlements, from tower to tower, surrounds the whole edifice, follow- 
 ing the angles of the several projections, giving a fine relief to it 
 from any point of view. The extreme length of the Hospital, from 
 east to west, is four hundred and five feet, while it extends from north 
 to south two hundred and ten feet. There are two airing courts in 
 this area, each of them about one hundred and fifty feet square. The 
 height of the main building, from the ground to the top of the main 
 tower, is about eighty-five feet. The center, right and left ©f the main 
 building, is four stories high, without the basement; the intervening 
 ranges and the M'ings are three stories high. 
 
 Its interior construction and arrangement is :n accordance with a 
 plan which experience has demonstrated as the most approved and 
 best calculated to promote the great and benevolent objects had in 
 view in institutions of this character. In all the minutios of detail, 
 tiie comfort, convenience and health of the patient have been care- 
 fully studied. Its wards, dormitories, corridors and various other 
 apartments, exhibit alike the same happy features of admirable ar- 
 rangement. Tl^e whole building contains two hundred and sixty-five 
 rooms, exclusive of all domestic apartments, laundry, bath rooms, 
 clothes rooms, and several rooms in the basement. It is capable of , 
 accommodating two hundred and fifty patients. 
 
 The ventilation of the Asylum is a decided feature in its construc- 
 tion. It is carried on by means of a centrifugal fan seventeen feet 
 in diameter, driven by the steam engine, which also occupies a con- 
 spicuous position in the affairs of the institution. The air is con- 
 ducted through subterranean passages to the central chambers in the 
 basement, and thence through the steam-pipe chambers into vertical 
 flues, passing through the entire building. The quantity of air dis- 
 charged may be carried up to seventy thousand cubic feet per minute? 
 which gives about two hundred and fifty feet per minute to each oc- 
 
THE HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. 359 
 
 oiipant. Thus a supply of pure frosli air may be constantly kept up 
 during the most oppressive weather. 
 
 The means of heating the building are no less complete or easy of 
 attainment. The series of vertical Hues, before alluded to, are con- 
 structed in the longitudinal walls of the halls, starting from a coil of 
 of pipe or hot air chambers in the basement story. From these flues 
 the air, heated to any desired temperature, enters the halls and rooms 
 of the different stories near the floors. By this arrangement the air 
 supply is cojistant, without reference to any external condition of 
 weather or temperature. 
 
 Water is pumped by the engine, from a reservoir to a tank in tlie 
 center of the building, and from thence distributed by means of })ipcs 
 to other parts of the Asylum. There are five tanks, which hold, col- 
 lectively, about eight thousand gallons of water. There are several 
 bath rooms on each floor of the entire building. 
 
 Within the past few years suitable quarters, removed from the 
 main building, have been erected by the State, at a cost of about 
 $25,000, for the accommodation of the colored insane of the State. 
 At present there are some forty patients here. They receive constant 
 attention from the physicians in charge. 
 
 Various kinds of amusement have been provided for the patients 
 which exercise a tranquilizing and soothing influence over the unfor- 
 tunate inmates. The grounds surrounding the Hospital are perhaps 
 the most beautifully laid out in the South. Rare landscape views 
 meet the eye in every direction. Lakes, fountains and splendid 
 gravel roads and walks, lovely lawns, inviting arbors and a fine col- 
 lection of the rarest exotic and domestic flowers, shrubbery, etc., are 
 among the many excellent features placed here to divert the patient's 
 attention — "pluck from the memory a rooted sorrow — rase out the 
 written troubles of the brain." In extent, the green-houses and nurs- 
 ery attached are unsurpassed, while the fruit orchards and vineyards, 
 and many other peculiar attractions, render the place all that the State 
 could desire as to pleasant surroundings. 
 
 The Plospital for the Insane is under the direction of a Board of 
 Managers appointed by the State. The present Board consists of the 
 following gentlemen: Thomas A. Atchison, M. D., President; Hon. 
 Wm. Hunt, M. D.; Hbn. John Norman, Hon. J. C. Warner, Hon. 
 Jordan Stokes, Jesse Warren, Hon. J. L. Williamson, Wm. R.Sevier, 
 M. D. The resident officers are: John H.Callender, jNI.D., Physician 
 and Superintendent; A. A. East, M. D., 1st Assistant IMiysician, and 
 W. D. Horton, M. D., Assistant Physician. W. B. Clark is Steward; 
 
360 NASHVILLE AND HEE TRADE. 
 
 Mrs. M. Estes, Matfou; D. B. Glase, Engineer, and "Wm. Blair, 
 Florist. 
 
 The Tennessee Hospital for the Insane, in all its departments, is 
 worthy of fostering care. Nurtured and developed by the most gen- 
 erous and beneficent legislation, it needs no portrayal of peculiar ex- 
 cellencies here. It commends itself to the favorable regard of every 
 philanthropic observer. "Whether considered in reference to its va- 
 ried attractions or its salutary achievements, it is alike an honor and 
 an ornament to the State, and may justly be regarded the purest, if 
 not the " brightest, gem in the coronet of our civilization." 
 
 Tennessee Institute for the Blind. 
 
 This noble and admirably conducted charitable institution is lo- 
 cated at the corner of Summer and Cedar streets, immediately front- 
 ing the Cathedral. The building at present occupied was formerly 
 the residence of the late Hugh Kirkman, Esq., and is built somewhat 
 on the Italian style of architecture, with extensive verandahs extend- 
 ing around the entire north and east sides. The Institute for the 
 Blind was founded in 1844, through the exertions of a number of our 
 most benevolent citizens. At that time the site it occupied was located 
 on the Lebanon Pike, near the Reservoir; but by the unrelenting and 
 cruel hand of w^ar, not even did its walls, w^hich, at least, should have 
 been held sacred, escape its ravages, but were leveled with the ground. 
 Prof. J. M. Sturtevant, who has had charge of the Institute since its 
 inception, is a gentleman of culture and scholarly attainments. He 
 graduated first at Dartmouth College; but, after losing his eyesight, 
 in 18.35, again prosecuted his studies at Perkins' Insitute for the 
 Blind, in Massachusetts, from which institution he also obtained a 
 diploma of graduation. In 18G6, the Tennessee Institute for the 
 Blind was reorganized, and begun de novo; and from thirty-six pupils 
 previous to the war, started with five or six in 186(), yet has grad- 
 ually increased, until to-day there are thirty pupils, seven of whom 
 are boys, and twenty-three young ladies. 
 
 During a late visit which we made to the Institute, we observed the 
 system of instruction, which, we must confess, surprised us — none the 
 less from the ingeniousness and adeptness displayed by the pupils, than 
 from the unmistakable thoroughness attained in each department. The 
 method is mostly oral, and the knowledge imparted is substantial, not 
 superficial — for use, not for show. Classes in reading, geography. 
 
INSTITUTE FOR THE BLIND. 361 
 
 arithmetic and writing, were examined in our presence; and in every 
 single instance, exhibited what was wonderful to us, deckled profi- 
 ciency. To see little blind girls, of not more than twelve summers, 
 fingering upon raised boards, and pointing out obscure places on the 
 world's map, almost in a twinkling, is something that will not often 
 1)C found, even among "seeing-peoj^le." Then, again, column after 
 cohunn of figures were added iip in very quick time, and with, exact- 
 ness; and many other exhibitions of their skill, which made us think 
 that, after all, so far as moderate education was concerned, eyesight 
 was certainly not an indispensable auxiliary. There were also exhi- 
 bitions made to us of their vocal and piano-forte accomplishments ; 
 and one young lady especially, who has been blind from birth, exe- 
 cuted with admirable preciseness a number of selections from the 
 operas. The knowledge of music is obtained by them by having it 
 read aloud, whereby every note is retained, and its proper value 
 given it. School hours begin at 8 A. m., and close at 9 p. m., Satur- 
 days and Sundays excepted, with intermediate recesses for recreation — 
 no class being kept at study longer than forty-five minutes. During 
 leisure hours, to encourage habits of industry, such things as bead- 
 w'ork, sewing and knitting, are done by the young ladies. One of 
 the latter, we observed thread a cambric needle. It was done with 
 her tongue, which, as we tool^ it, was at least one instance of the effi- 
 ciency of "womin's tongue." The boys are tuight to do cane- 
 work for chairs, and many other useful offices, which we cannot now 
 call to mind. During leisure hours the pupils also engage in a num- 
 ber of harmless pastimes, such as chess, domino and draught-playing. 
 Dominoes have raised spots, and draught-boards are alternated with 
 sunken and raised squares, each kind indicating a different color — 
 and so on. 
 
 Professor Sturtevant is assisted in the Literary Department by 
 Miss S. Stanhoff, and in the Department of Music by Miss Jennie 
 Dixon. The latter was born in Jackson County, Tennesse, and has 
 been blind and an orphan since childhood. She has resided at the 
 Institute almost ever since its establishment, and now is highly ac- 
 complished and the pride of the household. In addition to giving 
 instruction in music, she also cuts and makes her own dresses, which 
 latter accomplishment she learned "during the war." The Insitute 
 has a library of about 250 volumes, raised letters, of which the New 
 Testament w^ill make four volumes of royal octavo. 
 
 The financial management of the Institute is in the hands of a 
 Board of Trustees, appointed by the State, who meet quarterly, r 
 
362 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 oftener as occasion may demand. The special appropriation made by 
 the State for "specific purposes," such as house rent, etc., is §5,000 
 per annum, which is in addition to |200 'per capita, allowed for each 
 pupil in attendance. The pupils at present are nearly all indigent, 
 and are all residents of Tennessee — no others being received for less 
 than 8300 ^3e/' capita pjer annum. So soon as the needful appropria- 
 tion shall have been made by the State', the Principal proposes estab- 
 lishing departments for the manufacture of brooms, upholstery, etc., to 
 be done in leisure hours. 
 
 The amount of good done by this noble charity to a dee})ly afflicted 
 class, and to the Commonwealth, by giving them the means of sup- 
 port, and relieving the public from an inevitable charge, commends 
 it strongly to public favor. The organization of such charities forms 
 a bright era in the history of our race; it is really accomplishing one 
 of the prognostications of the ancient Prophet, that "the blind would 
 see, the dumb Sj^eak, and the ears of the deaf be unstopped." 
 
 The House of Industry for Females. 
 
 The House of Industry for Females, located at No. 24 North 
 Vine street, was established in 1837 by that very benevolent and 
 public spirited gentleman, Joseph ElHston, Esq., formerly Mayor 
 of the City, Mrs. M. E. Fogg, Mrs. E. N. McEwen, Mrs. Dickin- 
 son, ]\Irs. Carroll, Mrs. Felix Grundy, and other ladies, being on the 
 Board of Managers, Mr. Elliston made a deed of gift of the present 
 site, and of the rear portion or " L." The front portion was after- 
 Avard erected by subscription. The building at present, is of two sto- 
 ries height, with ample basement room. It faces toward the east, and 
 contains fourteen large rooms, which are plainly, but neatly and com- 
 fortably furnished. Long galleries run the length of the house, on 
 both stories, in the rear. The property has grown ex(?eedingly valu- 
 able, and is now probably worth |30,000. 
 
 It was intended by the originators that the building should be 
 made a refuge for orphans, who, while they assisted in defraying the 
 expenses of the institution, might truly call it their home, and have 
 the proud satisfaction of feeling that they were not dependent on the 
 bounty of the public. The work done is principally confined to 
 dress-making, of which they always have enough to keep them closely 
 engaged. By this and other occupations, such as knitting and em- 
 broidery, the managers have contrived to make the institution self- 
 sustaining. The children, besides being sent to the Public Schools, 
 
HOUSE OF INDUSTRY. 363 
 
 and receiving a thorough education in the ordinary branches, are also 
 instructed in every branch of domestie industry and economy, from 
 the lowest to the highest grades. 
 
 Exactly a third of a century has passed since the House of Industry 
 was establislied ; and during tliis time it has stood as a monument of 
 genuine, disinterested Ijenevolencc; and since its hospitable ])ortal.s 
 have been thrown open, many hundreds of young girls have been 
 reared, educated and dispatclicd to the world, under the most satisfac- 
 tory auspices, both in a moral and material sense. A recent vi.sit to 
 it convinced us that those who now enjoy its advantages are uniformly 
 modest, amiable and correct in their deportment — good qualities, 
 which, unhappily, arc rare enough in this fast age, and which few 
 seem to take into consideration as prerequisites to a well spent life. 
 The inmates are allowed to receive company; but no young man 
 whose moral standing is of a doubtful nature is permitted to visit 
 them. As a consequence of this most excellent rule, which might be 
 profitably applied ia many families outside, graduates from the House 
 of Industry, wliile they have nearly always made good wives, have 
 rarely ever married without materially bettering their condition. 
 This statement is amply verified by the present social status of many 
 who are at present residing in Nashville. Much of the good which 
 has been accomplished by the House of Industry is due to its efficient 
 management. The present jSIatron of the House of Industry is Mrs. 
 Sarah Glasgow. 
 
 Protestant Orphan Asylum. 
 
 This is another humane institution, which stands as a monument 
 to the philanthropy of our women; for in those stations where benev- 
 olence and that disposition of heart which inclines them to think 
 favorably of and care for their fellow beings are required, verily 
 we believe the ladies of Nashville the peers of any on earth; and 
 ^vhen comes the day of final reckoning, the kind offices performed 
 by those in charge of the Nashville Protestant Orphan Asylum, will, 
 no doubt, be the brightest gems in their coronets of virtues. On 
 January 10, 1845, this institution went into operation, under the di- 
 rection of a Board of Managers, with Mrs. H. Hitchcock as the first 
 President. The Asylum, at that time, was on McLemore street, near 
 Church. Its present locality is two miles from the city, on the 
 Franklin Pike. This latter was purchased October 25, 1866, at a 
 cost of §20,300. The premises include a neat and comfortable brick 
 
364 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 building, with necessary out-houses, and ten acres of the most fertile 
 land in the neighborhood of Nashville. The grounds are in a high 
 state of cultivation, and have fine floral and vegetable gardens at- 
 tached. Since its organization, the Asylum has had under its foster- 
 ing care between three and four hundred children. The largest num- 
 ber at any one time was, during 1866, when there were fifty-three 
 chiklrcn there. At the present time, there are but twelve — many of 
 the previous number having found comfortable homes in the families 
 of many of our citizens. We may be permitted to mention, without 
 laying ourself liable to the charge of invidious distinction or unjust 
 comparison, that two of the members have rendered themselves ex- 
 ceedino-lv zealous in their care for these little unfortunates, viz: Mrs. 
 F. G. Porter and Mrs. H. G. Scovel — the former being the President, 
 and the latter the Treasurer of the institution. 
 
 St. Mary's Orphan Asylum. 
 
 This noble charity is situated about two miles from the City, on the 
 Murfreesboro Turnpike, in a most admirable location, on a beautiful 
 eminence, which commands a fine view of the city and its surround- 
 ings for miles around. It was founded on the 1 5th of November, 1 863, 
 while the powerful and embittered armies of a disunited nation were 
 occupying the soil of Tennessee, and standing in battle array within a 
 day's march of our devoted city, by an association of truly charitable 
 Catholic gentlemen of the Cathedral congregation, known as the "St. 
 Mary's Orphan Association." The buildings and grounds at present 
 occupied were purchased at a cost of $10,000, and were soon after 
 taken charge of by the Sisters of the Dominican Order. The Asylum 
 flourished for a while ; but in those terrible days of horrible war — in 
 the month of December, 1864 — the gloomy shadows of battle envel- 
 oped it in its awful embrace, and ruthless footsteps; and Avanton hands 
 left their traces on its lovely premises, and the occupants were forced 
 to fly and take refuge in the city. It was midway of the battle- 
 ground, and the rifle's flash and the cannon's thunder gleamed and 
 reverberated where before had been performed none but deeds of 
 charity. The premises were much marred in their appearance. On 
 September 1st, 1865, the buildings were rebuilt or repaired, and the 
 second time began life anew. At the present time, the grounds are 
 highly ornamented, and include, amongst other attractions, a fine 
 flower garden, etc." There are six acres of ground belonging to the 
 Asylum. The number of orphans at present there is about seventy. 
 
THE STATE PENITENTIARY. 365 
 
 The state Penitentiary, 
 
 The Tennessee State Penitentiary is located on West Church 
 Street immediately beyond the corporate limits of the City and about 
 one mile from the Public Square. It was built in 1830-1 by David 
 Morrison, Esq., under the direction of the Governor and Board of 
 Commissioners. Tiie present buildings, however, are much larger 
 than the original pri.son. The west wing was built in 1857 at a cost 
 of 336,000, and in 1867 two large workshops, known respectively as 
 the East and '\\>st Shops, were erected. On the night of June 21st, 
 1867, a fire took place in the East Shops and entirely consumed them, 
 but in a few weeks after they were re-erected and in a manner much 
 better than previously. The value of the present buildings cannot 
 fall far short of ^300,000, while the value of the entire premises, 
 which includes about seven acres of the most desirable suburban 
 property and a full complement of the finest machinery and foundry 
 fittings and apparatus in the South, will approxunute half a million 
 of dollars. 
 
 We were unable to obtain the exact architectural dimensions of the 
 institution, yet trust, in the absence of such facts, to be able to give 
 at least an intelligent idea of its proportions and appearance. The 
 prison enclosure at present is tAvo and a half acres in extent and is of 
 a hollow square form — the buildings occupying a portion of three 
 sides of the square, and the remainder being guarded by a stone wall 
 twenty-five feet high, four feet thick at tlie base, and one foot at the 
 top. The main building fronts toward Church Street and has a spa- 
 cious avenue connecting it with that thorough lare. The building has 
 a front of probably two hundred and fifty feet, which includes the 
 front of the wings. The central portion of the main buildino- is 
 constructed of brick and has stood ibr more than forty years, and 
 shows not the least sign of decay as yet. The wings where the pris- 
 oners are confined are built of stone and their walls are three feet and 
 a half thick. The masonry is superb, and the material being of the 
 best Tennessee limestone, ^vi\\ doubtless last for ages. In the center 
 of the main building is a wide gate-way for the passage of wao'ons 
 etc. This entrance is guarded by three sets of iron doors, heavily 
 hinged and bolted. On each side of this gateway a guard is at all 
 times stationed. On the right o^ the gateway is the entrance to the 
 Warden's office. Clerk's offie, etc., and in front of this suite of rooms 
 runs a wide hall terminating at the east end with a stairway connect- 
 ing with the upper stories of the main building, which are divided 
 
366 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 into some twenty or thirty rooms, a number of vrhicli are used for 
 sleeping apartments for guards while off duty. A transverse wall, 
 however, cuts off a portion of these rooms on the west end, which are 
 used for hospital purposes by the convicts. At the left of the gate- 
 way before mentioned, is the guard-room through which the visitor 
 must proceed before gaining admission to the inner prison. This 
 guard-room presents an appearance quite warlike with its stacks of 
 muskets and pistols placed in rack, and a score or more of stalwart, 
 scrutinizing gentlemen, half hid in their moustachios, eyeing you as 
 you ask for admission to the prison yard. At the back entrance, 
 which is also heavily ironed and guarded Ity two sets of doors, also 
 stand a number of guards ready at any time, to resist an outbreak or 
 prevent the escape of prisoners. After having passed through this 
 gauntlet, the visitor finds himself suddenly within a large enclosure 
 that presents a scene of great bustle and activity. On the right he 
 hears the rattling of the powerful machinery in the East Shops; in 
 front of him arc the extensive foundries; to the left, the stone-cut- 
 ting departments and hemp factory, while scattered all over the yard 
 are squads of convicts in striped garments, hard at work, raioeasing 
 labor being the order of the day here. 
 
 We first directed our steps toward the East Shops, where we ob- 
 served the extensive machinery, embracing almost every conceivable 
 kind of wood-work, and employing upwards of three thousand feet 
 of shafting or belting. The engine working this extensixe move- 
 ment is of sixty-five horse-power and has a driving wheel attached 
 nine feet in diameter and weighing several thousand pounds. These 
 shops are engaged exclusively in turning out many kinds of plows, 
 buckets, tubs, churns, M'heelbarrows, corn-shellers and many other 
 things "too numerous to mention." Further on we come to the ma- 
 chine shops, the foundry, the paint and stone shops, where much may 
 be seen to engage the attention of a visitor. 
 
 The East and West AVing Prisons are ahnost similarly constructed, 
 and the two together contain three hundred and fifty-two cells. We 
 will describe the latter, which will, to a great extent, serve for both. 
 The entrance to the West Prison is made through a single door which 
 is placed at the east end of the building or near the office entrance. 
 This door is constructed of iron, heavily bolted, and secured by compli- 
 cated locks and fastenings. Within the prison, we were favorably im- 
 pressed with the neatness and orderly condition of affairs, but then 
 it was a jprison after all. Here are wide corridors extending all the 
 way round an oblong box -like structure, which begins with the foun- 
 
THE STATE PENITENTIARY. 367 
 
 elation and ends with the roof. It is built of brick, and its walls are 
 two feet thick. Within these walls are the cells, reaching all the 
 way up for four tiers. The cells in the upper tiers are accessible by 
 narrow steps Avhich begin at the ends and run up both ways. At 
 each landing a scaffolding runs in front of the cells on that floor. 
 The cells are eight feet by four and a half feet large, and were built 
 for the accommodation of one prisoner each, but in the present crowd- 
 ed state of the prison, the officers in charge are compelled, in many 
 instances, to place two convicts in each of a great many of the cells. 
 The outer walls of the cells are two feet thick, as before stated; the 
 dividing walls l)etween the cells are one foot thick, and the flooring 
 is of solid masonry several feet thick. Each cell has a heavy iron 
 door, bolted, with the exception of a small grated aperture for 
 light and ventilation. The furniture of the cells consists of an iron 
 bunk or bedstead, with a comfortable amount of bedding, and a shelf 
 containing each, a Bible, and here and there, a hymn-book, and a small 
 amount of paper, envelopes and pens, as stationery, is given them 
 once a month, besides a weekly issue of tobacco. 
 
 Such is the State Penitentiary as it would in all probability, ap- 
 pear to a visitor. But to l)e more explicit, and to answer questions 
 such as one would be likely to propound, we have extracted from the 
 the Warden's last report such portions as we deem of interest. This 
 report was submitted to the General Assembly during last October. 
 At that time there were five hundred and fifty-one convicts incarcer- 
 ated — the number has since increased to about six hundred and 
 twenty-five. Of the former number there Avere one hundred and 
 ninety-seven white males, and one Avhite female ; three hundred and 
 forty-three coloi'ed males, and ten colored females. 
 
 The nativity of the convicts was as follows: Tennessee two hun- 
 dred and ninety-four, Virginia thirty-seven. North Carolina thirty- 
 f )ur, Alabama thirty, Mississippi twenty-seven, Kentucky twenty-four, 
 Georgia twenty-one. South Carolina nineteen, Ohio and Ireland, each, 
 nine, Illinois, Arkansas, Louisiana and Pennsylvania, each, five, Mary- 
 land and Missouri, each, four, Texas and New York each, three, Eng- 
 land, France and Germany each, two, and Now^ Jersey, Indiana, Scot- 
 land, Russia, Prussia, Canada and New Foundland each, one. 
 
 The number of convicts sentenced for various crimes w'as as fol- 
 lows: Petit larceny, two hundred and fifty-four; grand larceny, 
 seventy-three; robbery, tAventy-eight ; assault with intent to kill, 
 eight ; horse-stealing, fifty-seven ; murder, forty-eight ; house-break- 
 ing, twenty-one; burglary, fourteen; rape, seven; stabbing, seven; 
 
368 
 
 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 arson, malicious shooting, mule-stealing, felonious assault, attempt to 
 commit rape, and bigamy each, three; false pretense, six; concealing 
 stolen goods, house-burning, forgery, and incest, each, two; perjury, 
 burglary, and attempt to commit rape, each, one. 
 
 The number of convicts having trades before their incarceration is 
 stated as follows; painters, ten; shoemakers, nine; carpenters, four; 
 barbers and tailors, three, each ; blacksmiths, wagon-makers, stone- 
 masons, engineers, and druggists, each two; telegraph ojierators, 
 cooks, tanners, harness-makers, brick-makers, cabinet-make]'s, bakers, 
 machinists, jewelers, brewers and tinners, each, one. The number 
 that were Avithout trades, is 501. Of the entire number, those that 
 can read and w^rite, are 102 and those that cannot, 449. 
 
 The following table will show the number of convicts lor certain 
 periods : 
 
 For 1 Year. 
 
 " 1* " . 
 " 2 " . 
 
 " 4 
 " 5 
 " 6 
 
 a 7 
 
 " 8 
 " 9 
 " 10 
 " 11 
 
 For 12 Years 7 
 
 47 
 
 Foi 
 
 '121 
 
 6 
 
 
 13 
 
 41 
 
 
 14 
 
 143 
 
 
 15 
 
 27 
 
 
 17 
 
 68 
 
 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 
 19 
 
 5 
 
 
 20 
 
 9 
 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 
 Life 
 
 106 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 . 36 
 . 1 
 2 
 . 3 
 . 11 
 . 9 
 . 8 
 
 551 
 
 Davidson County has 109, and Shelby County 95 representatives, 
 while thirteen other counties, have but one each. The health of the 
 convicts is under constant circumspection, and their general appear- 
 ance is robust, and will compare favorably with other prisons in the 
 United States. The mortality is of small per cent., and has gene- 
 rally resulted from a long life of dissipation and confinement, and neg- 
 lect, while in the County Jails. The food given the convicts is di- 
 vided into three meals per day. For breakfeast, they receive bread^ 
 meat and coffee; for dinner, bread, meat and vegetables, for instance, 
 potatoes ; but at supper they get nothuig but bread and water. The 
 bread, as a general thing, is made of corn-meal, sometimes of ^'shorts" 
 and seldom of flour. To feed the convicts, it requires, per day, 20 
 bushels of meal, or 5 J barrels of flour, 1300 pounds of beef, 18 
 pounds of coffee, and 10 bushels of potatoes, or their equivalent in 
 other vegetables. The average cost of feeding the convicts is 17| 
 
DAVIDSON COUNTY JAIL. 369 
 
 cents per clay. Corporeal punish merit is seldom resorted to, and 
 only then in cases of gross insurbordination. Kindness is the spirit 
 of all communication with the inmates, and in this, perhaps, a more 
 perfect, humane, and reformatory system, will not be found in 
 America than here. Each convict, on leaving the Prison, at the ex- 
 piration of his sentence, is furnished with a suit of decent clothes, 
 and a sum of money enough to carry him home. Religious services 
 are conducted at Prison every Sabbath, and the convicts are respect- 
 ful and attentive listeners. 
 
 The officers of the institution, at present, are as follows: Directors, 
 Wm. Shane, M. R. Murrell, C. Robinson; Warden, John Chumbley; 
 Acting Deputy Warden, W. H. Porch; Steward, Wm. H. Henry; Phy- 
 sician, James M. Kercheval; Chaplain, W. D. F. Sawrie; Clerk, 
 Chas. J. Doherty; Superintendent Stone Department, James D.AVood. 
 Visitors are admitted every week day, from 9 a. m. till 5 p. m. 
 
 During the present year, it is highly probable that an addition will 
 be made to the East Wing, containing 115 cells, the receipt of 
 prisoners being entirely beyond the present accommodations. The 
 splendid stone-wall now under course of construction will also be 
 finished this year. The Prison enclosure will then be 5 acres in ex- 
 tent. The cost of the wall, although but slight to the State, on ac- 
 count of extra hands, yet, could not be erected by individuals for less 
 than ^80,000. 
 
 Davidson County Jail. 
 
 The present Davidson County Jail is located on Xorth Front 
 Street, about midway between the Public Square and Church Street. 
 Its rear portion is built immediately over the Cumberland river, and 
 it occupies the identical site where the " Fort at Nashboro' " was 
 located just ninety years ago. This Jail was erected in 1852, at a 
 cost of $25,000 to the County. The architect was the late General 
 A. Heiman, and the contractor for the masonry Albert Payne, Esq. 
 The Jail, proper, is built of stone, and the offices and residence of 
 the Jailer, of brick. The former fronts on Front Street, and is di- 
 vided from the Prison by a Jail Yard. The Prison is constructed 
 of stone and iron entirely. It is almost square, and, but for the 
 gloomy windows overlooking the inner court, would appear verv like 
 a solid stone wall. On the east, or rear side, as has been said before 
 it overlooks the river, and stands on an almost perpendicular bluff 
 
370 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 nearly a hundred feet high. From the Suspension Bridge, or the 
 Edgefield side of the river, it presents a most dismal and isolated 
 appearance, and reminds, one familiar with the subject, very forcibly 
 of the Prison of Chillon. The Prison is two stories, and, on the 
 inner side, is about twenty feet high. The walls, of which there are 
 two, are each four feet thick, solid stone, and the idea of the designer 
 seems to have been, to build a Jail within a Jail. There is but one 
 entrance to the Prison, and that through a ponderous door made of 
 large iron bars, secured by huge locks and bolts. 
 
 Within this wall runs a hall, the center of which is divided by 
 an iron grating, fastened both in the floor and ceiling. On the inside 
 of the grating are the cells. Sf^veu single cells are on the lower floor, 
 and six single and one double cell on the upper floor. The wall di- 
 viding the cells from the hall is four feet thick, solid stone, and each 
 has two large iron doors, one on the outer and the other on the inner 
 side. The single cells are each 22 by 10 feet large, 10 feet high, and 
 are considered capable of comfortably (?) accomodating ten 
 persons each. The double cell is 22 by 20 feet large and 10 feet 
 high. Each cell has a window on the riyer side, \vith the exception 
 of the double cell, which has two. These windows are guarded by 
 four sets of grates, so that escape is almost an impossibility, and 
 would not be attempted, save by the most daring and jdesperate. The 
 Jail is supplied Avith water, gas and other conyenienccs. The Jailer 
 is Jno. M. Shelton, colored, who has three assistants, who act as 
 guardsmen and clerks, and whose salaries lay in what is known as 
 Jail fees. 
 
 Court-House. 
 
 The Court-house of Davidson County occupies the east center of the 
 Public Square. It was erected in 1857 on the site of three former 
 Court-houses, and, after the burning of its immediate predecessor, in 
 the Spring of 1856 — during that terrible conflagration, that consumed 
 the old Nashville Inn and several other prominent buildings. The 
 Court-house was designed by James Strickland, architect, and built 
 by Smith, Hughes & Sloan, contractors. The building is 115 by 72 
 feet large, and is three stories high. It is, perhaps, more in the 
 Corinthian style of architecture than any other. Its first cost was 
 about $90,000, but, with additions since made, its present value is 
 estimated at $120,000. The lower story is built of cut stone, and 
 the two upper of brick. A terrace wall extends the full length of 
 
COURT-HOUSE. — MARKET-HOUSE. 371 
 
 the east and west flanks on the first floor. The two upper stories, at 
 their north and south ends, open out into handsome porticoe or Cor- 
 inthian collonades, running with the pitch of the roof, supported each 
 by eight large wooden columns with cast-iron capitals. The east and 
 west porticos are placed in the center of the building, on each side, 
 and are collonades of four similar columns, and each support a square 
 roof. The lower story has a spacious corridor, exteuding the full 
 length of the building, with entrances both at the north and south 
 ends. This corridor is crossed in the center by a similar gallery, 
 running east and west, but which is interrupted by two wide stair- 
 ways, built of iron, and giving connection with the upper floors. 
 The lower floor of the building is laid with stone. The apartments 
 of this floor are divided off into rooms for the Clerks of the Crimi- 
 nal and Circuit Courts, and into court rooms for the County Court, 
 and offices for the clerks of the same. The second floor contains the 
 Court rooms of the Criminal and Circuit Courts, and the Court rooms 
 of the Chancery Court, and offices for the Clerks of the same. All 
 of these offices are handsomely fitted and furnished. 
 
 The third story contains a handsome public hall, with a full com- 
 plement of ante-rooms. This room has recently been made famous 
 and, no doubt, will, in after years, be much reverenced as the place of 
 the meeting of the "Tennessee Constitutional Convention, of 1870." 
 
 Market-House. 
 
 Strange to say, Nashville has but one General Market-house, and, 
 if we may be allowed the suggestion, would intimate a very inferior 
 one at that. Instead of well appointed market-places, distributed at 
 convenient intervals throughout the City, like most of her rival 
 sisters, the people of Nashville, from all quarters of the town, are 
 compelled to resort to this mart for their supplies. However, in the 
 absence of anything better arranged, or more attractive, as to ap- 
 pearances, the place is liberally patronized, and its business necessari- 
 ly gives employment to hundreds of persons. A portion of the 
 Market-house, as we understand, was built about the year 1827 or 
 '28. In 1855 it was enlarged and remodelled, and the addition of 
 the City Hall made to it; but the work, as intended, was never fully 
 carried out, as it was proposed to build a public hall, extending over 
 the entire market-place, and accessible from both the north and 
 south ends. The present value of the Market-house is about $55,000. 
 It is feet long and feet wide, and contains 100 stalls. These 
 
372 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 stalls are a source of considerable revenue to the City, and yield 
 about $45,000 per annum. 
 
 City Hall. 
 
 Although occupying the upper portion of the market-house build- 
 ing, yet, our City Hall is worthy of separate attention. If the de- 
 sign of the architect had been fully carried out, when the addition of 
 the City Hall was made to the market-house, in 1855, it would have 
 been, no doubt, much more attractive and convenient than at present. 
 The Public Hall, as before stated, would have been immediately over 
 the market-place, and the present City Hall, or Halls, used only as 
 office-rooms for municipal dignitaries. As it is, they have no direct 
 connection, and in reality, might be considered two buildings — being 
 built, as they are, over the extreme ends of the building. They are 
 each three stories high, and are surmounted each by two, cupolas, 
 one at every corner. The cupola at the south-east corner contains 
 the central fire-alarm bell, which is connected with the Eclipse Steam 
 Engine House, adjoining. The second story of the south end is di- 
 vided up into offices for the Mayor, City Auditor, City Tax Collect- 
 ors, City Treasurer, Water Tax Collector, Superintendent of the 
 "Water Works, City Recorder, and Police Head-quarters. The third 
 story of the building is the Recorder's, or City Police, Court Room. 
 
 The north end of the City Hall is of similar size as the other, but 
 in the interior is differently constructed. It has but one stairway, 
 which leads up from the northwest corner, ^he second story is oc- 
 cupied entirely, save the stairway lobby, by the Assembly Rooms of 
 the Board of Aldermen and Councilmen. The third story is occu- 
 pied by an organization, known as the Improved Order of Red Men, 
 as a Council Chamber or "Wigwam." 
 
 The City Work-house. 
 
 The City Work-house, or prison, for the incarceration of munici- 
 pal delinquents, is situated on North Front street, immediately west 
 of the Louisville & Nashville Railroad bridge, and on the south 
 bank of the Cumberland river. The present building was erected in 
 1858, during the administrrtion of the late Col. Randall W. McGavock, 
 then Mayor of the City. The building used for the same purpose 
 prior to this, stood upon the same ground, but was of insignificant 
 
POOR HOUSE — PEST HOUSE. 373 
 
 size. The property, includiug the "Work-house Buildiug, is 400 feet 
 long and about 70 feet wide. Its vahiatiou is placed at about $40,- 
 000. These dimensions inckide the offices of the Work-house, pri- 
 son-rooms, stables and an extensive work-shop, supplied with a num- 
 ber of forges, etc. The })rison-rooms are capable of aceonimodating 
 150 persons, and have had as high as 130 prisoners held in "durance 
 vile," at one time. However, this was during the worst stages of 
 the City's existence — immediately after the war, when crime and 
 shame stalked, with unblushing front and unchallenged, through our 
 streets, and laughed to scorn the vigilance, or power of the law. 
 But, under the present efficient system of municipal government, 
 when delinquents are summarily disposed of, the number seldom ex- 
 ceeds 50. Of this number, nearly all are imprisoned for petty of- 
 fenses, and are, for the most part, a vagal)ondish set, who figure in 
 City Police Court on such charges as, drunkenness, disorderly con- 
 duct, assault and battery, etc. The Work-house is also the reposi- 
 tory for the stock, tools, paraphernalia, etc., employed by the street 
 scavenger force. The officers in charge of the AVork-house, are: 1st 
 keeper, Jos. L. Ryan; 2nd, M. Brantley; 3d, Raymond B. Sloan; 4th, 
 William Jackson. 
 
 Poor House. 
 
 The Davidson County Poor-house is located six miles from the City 
 on the White's Creek Pike. The buildings arc neat and comfortable, 
 and have about 170 acres of ground attached. Altogether, the pre- 
 mises are valued at $10,000. At present, there are about 40 persons, 
 aged, indigent, or decrepid })ersons, supported there, at the expense of 
 the County. 
 
 Pest House. 
 
 The Pest-house, a hospital for the accommodation of patients with 
 contagious diseases, is located two and a half miles north of the City, 
 on the Cumberland river, and near Hyde's Ferry. It was purchased 
 at a cost of §0,000, and has some fifteen acres of ground attached. 
 It is capable of accommodating 30 patients at a time. 
 
374 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 St, Vincent's Hospital. 
 
 This institution, for the reception of indigent patients, is located at 
 No. 159 South College Street. At present, it is the City Hospital, 
 but is under the especial charge of the Faculty of the Medical Col- 
 lege of the University of Nashville, where students of medicine re- 
 ceive practical instruction, while attending the lectures at the Medical 
 College. This affords ambitious young disciples of iEsculapias an 
 excellent oppor, unity for practice and for observation, prior to 
 graduation. The Physicians residing at St. Vincent's, are: B. F 
 Hollowell, M. D., and P. R. Baily, M. D. The Hospital Building 
 is a neat, three-story brick, and its appointments are comfortable 
 and convenient. Mrs. F. Toney is Matron. 
 
 City Post-Office. 
 
 The first Postmaster at Nashville was Mr. John Gordon; but as 
 to who he was appointed by, or at what time, we are not informed. 
 In 1801, Robert B. Currey, Esq., was appointed by President Jeffer- 
 son, and served through Mr. Jefferson's administration of eight years. 
 He was retained by President Madison as Postmaster here through 
 his two terms of the Presidency, and also by President Monroe for 
 eight years more — making in all twenty-four consecutive years — a 
 compliment rarely bestowed in an office of such labor and responsi- 
 bility ; and it is gratifying to know that it was worthily bestowed. 
 In 1825, upon the incoming of John Quincy Adams, as President, 
 John P, Erwin, Esq., was appointed, and served during that admin- 
 istration. Soon after the inauguration of General Jackson, as Presi- 
 dent, in 1829, General Robert Armstrong was appointed, and retained 
 the office for sixteen years. In 1845, Col. L. P. Cheatham was ap- 
 pointed by President Polk, and in 1849, President Taylor appointed 
 Dr. John Shelby. In 1852, President Pierce appointed General 
 Samuel R. Anderson as Postmaster, and he was retained by President 
 Buchanan. In 1861, W. D. McNish, Esq., succeeded General An- 
 derson, but soon after resigned, and was in turn, succeeded by John 
 Lellyett, Esq. Mr. Lellyett held the office only for a short while, 
 and A. V. S. Lindsley, Esq., became his successor, in 1862. In May, 
 1867, Mr. Lindsley was succeeded by Judge Bowling Embry, who 
 remained in office up to May 26, 1860, when Major Enos Hopkins, 
 the present incumbent, was appointed. 
 
CITY POST-OFFICE. 375 
 
 During the years of its existence, the Nashville Post-office has been 
 comparatively a migratory concern. It was first kej^t on the Public 
 Square, near the City Hotel, and since that time has held sway in 
 various localities, on Deaderick, College, Union and Cherry Streets. 
 Some years ago, it occupied the corner of Cedar and Cherry Streets, 
 diagonally opposite to its present site. Just before the war, the office 
 was removed from the corner of Cedar and Cherry to the corner of 
 Church and Cherry. During January, 1870, the building at present 
 occupied was fitted up, and is now, perhaps, one of the neatest, most 
 convenient and handsomely furnished Post-offices in the Southern 
 States. 
 
 During the war, the business of the Nashville Post-office was im- 
 mense, in consequence of the large armies that were concentrated 
 here. In the year 1864, the office employed sixty-seven clerks, which 
 was the largest number ever before or since employed at one time. 
 This year there were sold ^178,404.50 worth of postage stamps. The 
 money order business went into operation here November 1, 1864. 
 The letter-carrier system was established January 1, 1866, and ha.'^ 
 increased in favor and popularity to such an extent, that the work 
 has necessitated the employment of additional carriers. 
 
 For six months ending December 31, 1869, there were mailed at 
 the Nashville office, 530,939 letters, and 93,084 original newspapers 
 — which do not include the papers received from the City Press 
 offices. In addition to this, there were received from other offices, 
 for distribution, 708,599 letters. During the same period, the 
 amount of stamps cancelled was $17,581.35 ; amount received as 
 postage on newspaper subscribers' and news-dealers' packages, S962.07; 
 amount received, for box rent, $1,060. During the same time, there 
 was $18,148.37 worth of postage stamps sold. The business of this 
 office is fast increasing in every particular. 
 
 The officers at present in charge are as follows : Enos Hopkins, 
 Postmaster; Joseph S. Carels, Assistant Postmaster; CD. Ottarson, 
 Money Order Clerk; L. L. Terry, Chief Mailing Clerk; B. F.Jones, 
 Registry Clerk; A. S. Ogden, Stamp Clerk; Edmund Ferris, E. P. 
 Dodge, Levi Abbott and K. J. Sample, Delivery Clerks; M. C. Ben- 
 nett, J. L. Cleaves and J. H. Butman, Mailing Clerks; Anthony 
 Patton, Porter; George F. Fuller, Jerry Buckley, P. Friedman, 
 Hieronimus Ehrhard, W. N. Carr, Newton Rector, E. F. Mull i ken 
 and Louis Schroeder, Letter Carriers. 
 
376 ' NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE, 
 
 i 
 
 City Water Works. 
 
 Quoting from an article published some years back, regarding the 
 City "Water Works, we find, that " Nashville was located on its present 
 rocky site solely on account of water privileges. The founders of 
 the City could have made a town where South Nashville now is, 
 much easier and with less expense, with smoother streets and more 
 level avenues, had it not been for Judge McNairy's Spring on the 
 north, (now known as Judge's Spring,) Wilson's Spring, in Barrow's 
 Grove, (now in the heart of the City,) and the (then) fine spring at 
 the foot of Spring Street, on the bank of the river. Thousands upon 
 thousands of dollars have been expended on these rocky and uneven 
 streets, which might have been avoided, had it not been for these 
 water facilities. In fact, in the early days of the city, it was an ex- 
 ceedingly doubtful problem whether a city could be made on the spot 
 designated to commemorate the name and fame of the brave General 
 
 o 
 
 Nash. It was for years 'nip and tuck' between Palmyra, Haysboro, 
 and Nashville, as to which should take precedence in the race for 
 'city' honors. Finally, the latter prevailed, and the two former have 
 been comparatively forgotten. As the town increased, the public in- 
 terests required water in a more convenient manner than by sending 
 to either of the springs for it. Temporary and simple water works 
 were resorted to, but soon abandoned, as not beiug adequate to supply 
 the public demand. In the course of time, the present site of the 
 Water Works was chosen, and the City commenced in earnest to 
 erect a reservoir, secure a steam engine, etc. The undertaking was a 
 magnificent project, worthy of the liberal hearts of those who urged 
 its erection, and of those into whose hands the destinies of the City 
 were for the time entrusted. The reservoir was built, if we are not 
 mistaken, by William Shields, under the direction and management 
 of A. Stein, Engineer." 
 
 The Water Works were completed in the Autumn of 1833; and, 
 in anticipation of the event, John M. Bass, Esq., then an Alderman? 
 introduced the following preamble and resolution, which were adopted 
 by the Mayor and Aldermen, to-wit : 
 
 " Whereas, The introduction of water into the town is an object 
 of great interest and importance to all its citizens, and should be ac- 
 companied with some public parade ; therefore, 
 
 '^Resolved, That the Watering Committee be authorized and re- 
 quested to invite the citizens, and strangers now in town, to be present 
 at the Water Works at such time as the Engineer may notify said 
 
CITY AV'ATEE WOKKS. 377 
 
 committee of his readiness to put said worlxs in operation; and that 
 said committee procure the use of the cannon, and take sucli other 
 steps as to them may seem fit and suitable to so great an occasion." 
 
 In accordance with the above resolution, the inauguration of the 
 Water Works took place on the last day of September, or first day 
 of October, 1833, and great was the rejoicing of the people. The 
 cannon was fired, music obtained, and a procession formed, composed 
 of hundreds of citizens, a large number of ladies, the members of 
 the Legislature then about to assemble, strangers, etc. It was a ju- 
 bilee. And from that day to this, the Water Works have not ceased 
 to do good service, and were then, as now, one of the most important 
 public improvements in the City. 
 
 The cost of the Water Worko was reported to be, for ground, su- 
 perintendence, engine, etc., about §55,000. In the City Council, 
 John M. Hill, Esq., was Chairman of what was then styled the 
 " Watering Committee," and he devoted much of his time and energy 
 to the imporiaut trust. The iirst public debt incurred by the City 
 was for the Water Works. The laying down of the pipe was an ex- 
 pensive ojjeration, especially in such a rocky city — averaging, per- 
 haps, about §4 per foot. 
 
 The reservoir is situated, according to Mr. Stein's report, 5,800 
 feet from the Public Square, and stands on an elevated bluif of the 
 river, south-east of the city. Such was the Water Works some years 
 back. In 1860, they were greatly enlarged and remodeled. At 
 present, the pumping apparatus is worked by the puissant efforts of 
 tMo luige steam engines — one of two hundred and fifty horse power, 
 and the other of one hundred horse powe. The former was built in 
 1854, by the "^sashville Manufacturing Company," whose establish- 
 ment, at the foot of Broad street, was destroyed by fire a few years 
 since; and is said to be the largest and most powerful engine in the 
 State. The height of the reservoir above low water line, including 
 pump house, etc., is one hundred and eighty feet. The reservoir is 
 constructed with three apartments, divided by transverse walls, and 
 is so built that one can be cleaned out while the others are in use. 
 Forced from the Cumberland Kiver through huge pipes, which run 
 almost perpendicularly up the blutf, the water is turned into a forbay 
 176 by 180 feet large, and fifteen feet deep, and capable of holding 
 2,287,400 gallons, and which can be filled in twenty-four hours. 
 From the forebay it descends to numerous conduits, averaging from 
 three to eighteen inches in diameter, through which it distributes 
 and forces its way in unlimited quantities, in almost all parts of the 
 
378 NASHVILLE AXD HER TRADE. 
 
 city. The length of the malu or service pi])e which runs through 
 the middle of the streets, alone, is approximated at twenty-five miles, 
 while the length of the connecting pipe running into buildings, yards, 
 etc., is unascertainable, since there are some 2,800 buildings in the 
 city supplied with water from the reservoir, whose daiy consumption 
 throughout the year, will amount to more than a million of gallons, or 
 nearly fo^ir hundred millions of gallons annually; which is about one- 
 third more than was used ten years ago — showing a very handsome 
 increase in population. The highest point in the city to which water 
 is throAvn from the reservoir is to the plug located at Mr. Robert 
 Lusk's corner, at the junction of Vine and Union streets — it being, 
 by actual survey, only thirty inches below the height of the reser- 
 voir. The cost of the Water Works, including reservoir, pipes, ma- 
 chinery and service, up to the present time, will not fall far short of 
 one million dollars. This includes some §45,000 worth of improve- 
 ments that were added during last year. 
 
 As to the revenue derived by the City from its conduct, until quite 
 recently, it has been all the time below the cost of furnishing a sup- 
 ply. If pipes were laid throughout the whole city, the tax would be 
 of handsome proportions. It was furnished to so few the first year 
 or two, that the revenue received was only about §1,500 per annum; 
 and even up to 1860-61, it amounted to only §25,000, while to-day, 
 Avith hundreds of manufactories in operation, and thousands of 
 buildings supplied, its returns will not fall far short of §60,000 per 
 annum. 
 
 The force employed in running the AYater Works is as follows: 
 Superintendent, Jas. Wyatt ; First Engineer, Wm. Wyatt; Second En- 
 gineer, Wm. Slinkard; six firemen, and five men engaged in laying 
 pipe, repairing, etc. 
 
 The annual cost of conducting the works is as follows: 
 
 For salaries, per month, §830 §9,960 per annum. 
 
 For fuel, per day, §25 9,125 '' " 
 
 Total, §19,085 " " 
 
 To this, however, must be added "wear and tear" of machinery, 
 cost of laying new pipes, repairing, etc. 
 
 Viewed from any direction, this vast public work, so grand in its 
 design, so vast in its workings, is one of the greatest triumphs of art 
 and effort in the improvement of society, for which this city is distin- 
 guished. It exhibits the people of a great city seizing a river of pure 
 water, which comes rolling down in floods from the mountains, and 
 
CITY GAS WORKS. 379 
 
 bringing a large portion of its volume through almost immcasurrble 
 aqueducts, into streets and houses miles away, for the promotion of 
 health and comfort. Nowhere else in the United States, perhaps, is 
 there a city of Nashville's size, more rolling and diversified in its 
 topography; and unlimited credit and praise is due the enterprise 
 and sagacity of the noble minds that conceived and carried out a 
 project so beneficial and laudable. But, witli all this truthfully said, 
 the elevation of the reservoir is fast becoming inadequate to the wants 
 of upper stories of houses, and of elevated portions of the city ; and 
 before no very distant day, will have to be remodeled and considera- 
 bly extended. * 
 
 City Gas Works. 
 
 During the session of the Legislature of 1849-50, a charter was 
 obtained for the incorpoj^ation of the '' Nashville Gas Light Com- 
 pany with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars — which was to 
 be increased to five hundred thousand dollars — in the discretion of 
 the stockholders, and as the wants of the Cit}'' might require." The 
 original incorporators were Messrs. Washington Barrow, John Kirk- 
 man, Samuel E,. Anderson, N. E. Alloway and W. T. Berry, not one 
 of whom, strange to say, is connected with the company at the pres- 
 ent time. The charter was passed November 21st, 1849, but the 
 public-spirited citizens in charge of the affair were confident that its 
 passage was a certainty, and commenced the erection of the works in 
 the Summer preceding, and on February 11th, 1851, made their first 
 Gas, being in less than three months after the charter was granted. 
 
 The original cost of the works was $100,000, but they have since 
 that time built addition after addition, until the present valuation is 
 very moderately estimated at ^350,000. Of this fully $1 00,000 is 
 laid in pipes, and is unconsciously walked over by our citizens every 
 day. They commenced business under very unfavorable circum- 
 stances, many of our most intelligent citizens doubting the propriety 
 of such an undertaking; and, although its accomplishment Avas se- 
 cured Avithout any liability on the part of the City, they shrunk from 
 what was considered a novel and unsafe means of furnishing artificial 
 light. Now, happily, all these apprehensions have yielded to an en- 
 larged experience; and we question whether there are many members 
 of this community willing to abandon an institution that so far has 
 worked so well and added so much to the material progress of the 
 City. Beginning with only about one hundred applications from cit- 
 
380 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 izens, and about the same number of public lamps, their business has 
 increased many fold, until they have now over fifteen hundred (1500) 
 private consumers, and three hundred and twenty-five (325) public 
 lamps, besides numerous lights in the City Buildings. 
 
 The company claims to have the most complete Gas Works in the 
 South, having recently introduced an Exhauster and Compensator, 
 which, with other of the latest improvements and patents in the art 
 of gas-making, enables them to supply, if requisite 400,000 cubic 
 feet of Gas per diem, or 146,000,000 cubic feet per annum. The 
 amount used in the City, as a matter of course, is not as great as tHeir 
 capacity, but will approximate 150,000 cubic feet per diem, or, at the 
 lowest calculation, counting three millions per month for Winter and 
 two millions for Summer use, not less than thirty million cubic feet 
 per annam, which is fully double what was used in 1860. They are 
 now using clay retorts, considering them quite an advancement on the 
 old iron retorts. The quality aimed at is that designated " sixteen 
 candle gas," that is to say, the light of a burner consuming five feet 
 an hour is equal to that of sixteen sperm candles, six to the pound; 
 this quality has generally been obtained, without the aid of rosin, by 
 the use of certain varieties of coal, most generally that of the Battle 
 Creek Mines of Tennessee, and Pittsburg. With these facilities, they 
 are enabled to furnish Gas to individual consumers at four dol- 
 lars per thousand cubic feet, with ten per cent, off, if paid within the 
 first ten days of the month, which makes its net cost three dollars 
 and sixty cents per thousand. This rate is lower than our Memphis 
 neighbors, who pay five dollars per thousand cubic feet. 
 
 The company now has in use about thirteen miles of main pipe 
 and twenty miles of service pipes, to say nothing of the many miles 
 of pipe running into the premises of consumers. Yet, even as ex- 
 tensive as these pipes are, it appears that they are inadequate to sup- 
 ply the increasing demand in our rapidly-growing City, and they 
 propose, during 1870, to lay at least two miles more of pipe. The 
 works give regular employment to twenty men, including the fore- 
 man, Mr. Geo. Wells, who has been in the company's employ about 
 ten years, and has proven himself highly competent to successfully 
 conduct such an establishment. In addition, there are employed six 
 lamp-lighters, five service-men, and an inspector, Mr. J. Hagerty. 
 The company's office is located at No. 14 Church Street, and the 
 financial business of the concern is under the management of a Board 
 of Directors, seven in number. The present officers are: Samuel 
 Watkins, President; Jas. H. Kendrick, Secretary; and Thomas F. 
 
SUSPENSION BRIDGE. 381 
 
 Kendrick, Casliior, a most wise and efficient corps. Secretary Ivcnd- 
 rick has occupied his present position for more than nineteen years, 
 or since the establishment of the works, which is a just recognition 
 of his established reputation as a thorough and accomplished busi- 
 ness man. 
 
 Suspension Bridge. 
 
 A magnificent Wire Suspension Bridge spans the Cumberland at 
 this place, which is reckoned as one of the finest and most substan- 
 tial bridge structures in America, and perhaps the longest in the South. 
 It is a vast im])rovement on the old bridge, which was built during 
 the year 1850, and destroyed by having its wires cut upon the evac- 
 uation of the City by the Confederate Army under General Albert 
 Sidney Johnson, in February, 1862. The present structure is more 
 roomy and much stronger than its predecessor. The rebuilding was 
 commenced in July, 1865, and on May 31st, 1866, the bridge was 
 completed and thrown open to travel. The total cost of the struc- 
 ture was upwards of $140,000. The arcliitect was Major Wilbur F. 
 Foster, of this City, who distinguished himself as an engineer in the 
 late war, and served with honor and credit to himself as Chief En- 
 gineer on the Staff of Gen. Alex. P. Stuart. 
 
 The wood and wire work was done under the supervision of Albert 
 Fink, President of the Louisville Industrial Works, and now 
 Superintendent of the Louisville & Nashville Kailroad, a gentleman 
 whose reputation as a scientific and accomplished genius and industri- 
 ous and energetic workman, is wide-spread. The masonry of the 
 present Bridge is the same as that used in the old one, save the addi- 
 tion of six and a half feet to the piers on the Edgefield side of the 
 river — the present pitch of the bridge being twenty-five feet lower 
 on the Edgefield than on the Nashville side. The weight of the 
 original cables was about 93,800 pounds, while the weight of the 
 present cables is about 165,000 pounds. The number ot wires in 
 each of the two cables is 2,456, niaking the total number of wires 
 supporting the bridge in the center, 4,912. The weight of the bridge 
 between the towers is about 648,000 pounds, and the total strength 
 of the cables is 7,368,000 pounds. The greatest load which can be 
 placed on the bridge at one time, counting forty pounds to the square 
 foot, is 604,800 pounds, and this load added to the weight of the 
 bridge, gives us 1,252,800 pounds, so that the bridge has a strength 
 almost six times as great as it can be loaded. The length of the bridge 
 
382 NASHVILLE AND HEE TEADE. 
 
 is about seven hundred feet, and its Mddth thirty-five feet, which in- 
 cludes a splendid carriage-way about twenty -five feet wide and side- 
 walks on either side, each about five feet wide. The carriage-way ia 
 guarded by a heavy framing of timber, firmly riveted and bolted to- 
 gether, and known as the McCallum Truss pattern. This truss is 
 secured to the cables in the center by means of heavy wrought-iron 
 rods, which increase in length as we go toward either end of the 
 bridge, until they reach almost to the top of the towers. These tow- 
 ers are four in number. The height of the bridge above low-water 
 mark, is one hundred and ten feet. The gentlemen owning the Sus- 
 pension bridge are incorporated under the style of the "■ Broad Street 
 Bridge Company." A Board of twelve Directors, elected annually, 
 govern the afi^airs of the company. 
 
 The present officers are: President, Byrd Douglas, Esq.; Secretary 
 and Treasurer, A. AV. Butler, Esq. 
 
 This bridge is perhaps, one of the best paying institutions of the 
 City, and yields a dividend of twelve per cent, per annum. It is the 
 only foot-bridge connecting the City with Edgefield, and consequent- 
 ly is an indispensable necessity. 
 
 Railroad Bridge. 
 
 The finest draw-bridge in Tennessee, and one of the finest in the 
 entire United States, is the splendid structure which was built for the 
 joint use of the Louisville & Nashville and Edgefield & Kentucky 
 Ilailroads over the Cumberland River, at this place. The original 
 structure was built under the supervision and direction of Mr. A. 
 Anderson, Chief Engineer of the Edgefield & Kentucky Railroad, 
 and trains passed over it the first time, the 28th of October, 1859, 
 The supei'structure of this Bridge was burned on the evacuation of 
 Nashville, Tuesday night, February 18th, 1862. In May, 1862, the 
 bridge was rebuilt by the Federal authorities. In the Fall of 1867 
 the wood portion was removed, and a splendid iron superstructure of 
 the Fink V Truss pattern was put up at a cost of |75,000, under the 
 supervision of Albert Fink, Esq., Superintendent of the Louisville 
 & Nashville Railroad. The original cost of the Bridge was about 
 $250,000, and the value of the present Bridge cannot fall far short 
 of $300,000. 
 
 Its length is 700 feet, in four spans; two fixed sjoans, one on each 
 side, and two draw spans. Each fixed span is 200 feet in the clear, 
 between the supports, and the clear opening of each draw span is 120 
 
FAIR GROUNDS. 383 
 
 feet, making it the longest railroad draw in the world ; that at Rock 
 Island, Illinois, being 120 feet on one side, and 116 on the other. 
 The total length of draw, from one extremity to the other, of the 
 moveable portion, is 280 feet. The masonry supporting the bridge, 
 which is exactly the same as was in the old bridge, was built by 
 Messrs. Maxwell, Saulpaw & Co., contractors, and consists of two 
 abutments, two main piers, one center pier, and two rest piers. The 
 center pier, on which the immense draw is turned, is circular, 30 feet 
 in diameter at the top, and 34| feet at the bottom, and QSh feet high, 
 and contains 2,295^- perches of masonry. The eastern main pier is 
 75J feet high, and contains 1,208| perches of masonry. The west- 
 ern main pier is 70} feet high, and contains 1,072| perclies masonry. 
 The foundations of all the piers are laid upon the solid rock, in water, 
 about twelve feet deep at ordinary low stages. The extreme rise of 
 water at the bridge is forty-seven feet. 
 
 The total quantity of masonry in the bridge is 6,800| perches. In 
 the original superstructure 454,000 feet of timber, and 160,000 
 pounds of iron were used. As to the quantity of material used in 
 the present superstructure, we are not advised. 
 
 Fair Grounds. 
 
 The Fair Grounds and Buildings of the Tennessee Agricultural 
 and Mechanical Association, are located just two miles from the Pub- 
 lic Square, one and a half miles from the Nashville and Chattanooga 
 Depot, and about one mile from the State Prison. The grounds are 
 eighty acres in extent, and arc admirably situated, stretching, as they 
 do, a distance of half a mile from north to south, and Ixuxlering on 
 the Charlotte and Harding Pikes, respectively, while, on the East, 
 they begin at the edge of the splendid farm of W. R. Elliston, Esq., 
 and extend west to the foot of a range of hills that skirt the western 
 boundary of the City's suburbs. They are accessible from three 
 roadways, leading out from the heart of the City, and by the Nash- 
 ville & North-western Railroad. The buildings are constructed in the 
 Swiss style of architecture, grand and imposing, and are com- 
 prised in the Grand Amphitheatre, fully capable of seating 10,000 
 people; beautifully and artistically arranged Floral and Textile Fabric 
 Halls; a superb department, known as Mechanic's Hall, for the 
 display of machinery, and articles of a like class, and fitted up with 
 engines and steam apparatus, looking quite busy and attractive, dur- 
 
384 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 ins; our Fair seasons. There is also a neat and cosv little retreat for 
 the ladies, known as "The Ladies' Cottage;" and the Judges' Pagoda, 
 in the center of the "Stock Ring," beside a Reservoir; all of which 
 are located on the western extremity of the grounds, and face toward 
 the City. On the eastern side are numerous sheds and stables, ex- 
 cellently arranged for the accommodation of horses, stock, etc. The 
 onildings and grounds cost something in the neighborhood of §100,- 
 000, and were erected the past year in less than four months. 
 
 Most excellent views are obtained of the City and entire country 
 for miles around, from the Grand Amphitheatre; and it overloks one 
 of the most splendid Speed-rings, or Race-courses, to be found any- 
 where. This track is fifty feet wide, and is constructed in the shape 
 of a letter "B," having both half mile and mile stretches. 
 
 The first grand, annual, exposition was held here during October, 
 1869, and, it has been reported, that not less than 30,000 people wit- 
 nessed the exhibitions during the week. Although attendant with 
 inclement weather, and many counter attractions, the management 
 were not discouraged, and propose, in their next exhibitions, to eclipse 
 anything ever before witnessed in the South or West. Preparations 
 are being made to lay of! the grounds in handsome shape, and with 
 shrubbery, floral ornamentations, lakelets, etc., make it the resort of 
 citizens, as well as of transient visitors. The officers of the Associa- 
 tion, are: President, Thos. B. Johnson; Vice Presidents, R. H. 
 Gardner, B. F. Cockrill and ; Recording Secre- 
 tary, A. G. Adams; Corresponding Secretary, Dr. R. C. Foster; 
 Treasurer, Jas. M. Hamilton. Board of Directors — the foregoing 
 officers ex officio — and General Wm. H. Jackson, Jno. Overton, N. K. 
 Griffin, N. McChire, Hiram Vaughn, Dr. Wm. A. Cheatham and 
 Wm. R. Elliston. 
 
 Race Course. 
 
 The Nashville Race Course is situated about two miles north of 
 the City, on a beautiful peninsular formed by an abrupt curvature in 
 the Cumberland river, whose waters it immediately overlooks. In 
 former days, there were two Race Tracks in that end of the City, — "the 
 Walnut Race Course," situated near the residence of Judge W. K. 
 Turner, and the present Nashville Race Course. The former sank 
 into obscurity some years before the war, but the latter having been 
 established in the early days of the City, when such prominent men 
 as General Jackson attended, has retained its popularity to the present 
 
'cemeteries of NASHVILLE. 385 
 
 day. During its existence, some of the. most noted racers of America 
 have tried their mettle over this course, and could a full record be 
 given, it would show some brilliant achievements in turf matters 
 here. 
 
 The Race Course farm contains 225 acres, and is the property of 
 M. Burns, Esq. The Course, the grand stand, stables, dwellings, 
 etc., are leased from the owner by the Nashville Blood Horse Asso- 
 ciation. There are both Running and Trotting Courses, each, one 
 mile long, and forty feet wide. This course is regarded as the softest 
 track in the United States, to train on, the soil being impregnated 
 with fine sand, and, at all times, kept in the most perfect order. 
 
 The owner of the Course has lately laid out a beautiful avenue, 
 seventy feet wide, leading from the corporation line to the inside gate, 
 which has become a delightful suburban drive, and is groAving cpiite 
 popular with pleasure-loving Nashvillians, who flock there of Sum- 
 mer evenings, not only in light vehicles, but many in their family 
 carriages. 
 
 Cemeteries of Nashville. 
 
 In the early days of the City of Nashville, very little attention 
 was paid to the adornment of places of sepulture. The founders of 
 the City provided no general place of interment until the year 1822, 
 when the City Cemetery was established, prior to which time, burials 
 were made in the open grounds near the Sulphur Spring. Lately, 
 more care has been given to our "Cities of the Dead," and, at present, 
 there are situated, within convenient distance of the City, several of 
 the most beautiful Cemeteries in the South — lovely spots of nature, 
 adorned by the artistic hand of man, and, in their mournful solitude, 
 impressive, appropriate and lovely as homes for 
 
 "The dead, the dead, the cherished dead." 
 THE CITY CEMETERY. 
 
 In the early settlement of Nashville, the dead were buried on the 
 open grounds that overlook Sulphur Spring Bottom, and at two or 
 three country burial places in the neighborhood. At the former 
 place, there still may be seen a number of mounds, which, by a good 
 many, have been erroneously thought " Indian Graves." In 1822, 
 interments were first made in the present City Cemetery, which, at 
 an early period in the history of Nashville, was considered quite dis- 
 25 
 
386 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 tant in the country. Gradually, the town has expanded and grown 
 up around it, until now, its vicinity is becoming one of our thickliest 
 settled localities. The ancient Burial-ground occupies some twenty- 
 seven acres, and is enclosed by neat and substantial plank fencing, 
 seven feet high, extending entirely around it. It is bordered, on the 
 north, by Oak Street ; on tlie south, by the depot premises of the 
 Kashville & Decatur Railroad; on the east, by Cherry street; and 
 on the west, by the line of the IS^ashville & Chattanooga Railroad. 
 At the north-east corner is the entrance, constructed, both, with car- 
 riage-ways and entrances for pedestrians, and about the center of the 
 northernmost avenue stands the receiving vault, while the Sexton's 
 residence is immediately without the enclosure, but hard by the en- 
 trance gate. In the center of the ground is an octagon space, known 
 as Chapel Square, which is a gradual rising mound, some forty feet 
 in diameter, and is guarded by attractive, rustic iron railing. The 
 entire Cemetery is laid off in squares, and has numerous carriage- 
 ways extending in every direction. Beginning with the Cherry Street 
 side, and running north and south, first comes City Avenue, and then 
 in the order in which their names are placed. Magnolia and Maple 
 Avenues, Kingsley's Walk and Turnpike, Meadow and Cedar Ave- 
 nues; while those which run from east to west, enumerated from the 
 the north side, are: Willow, Gully, Elm, Mulberry, Oak, Central, 
 Locust, Walnut, Poplar, Pine and Cherry Avenues. In ^addition, 
 there are also almost countless foot-walks and paths, running in every 
 direction. Between Oak and Central, and Oak and Poplar Avenues, 
 a space is laid off for the interment of strangers, and is known as 
 the " Stranger Ground." The greater part of the remainder of the 
 ground is divided up into family lots, etc. 
 
 Tliere are some twenty-seven acres embraced in this Cemetery, and 
 the interments, extending through nearly half a century, it is 
 thought, will number between fifteen and twenty thousand. The re- 
 mains of many of the most prominent citizens of Nashville, and of 
 Tennessee, are buried here. Among them, General Robertson, the 
 founder of Nashville, Governor Wm. Carroll, Duncan Robertson, 
 Esq., Hon. Felix Grundy, Dr. John Shelby, Dr. Robert Porter, and 
 many others of earlier dates; and tlie lamentented General Felix K. 
 Zollicoffer, and the brilliant and beloved young General James E. 
 Rains — citizens and soldiers, honored in life, and cherished in 
 memory since dead. 
 
MOUNT OLIVET CEMETERY. 387 . 
 
 MOUNT OLIVET CEMETERY. 
 
 The most popular of our Cemeteries seems to be the comparatively 
 new burying-place, known as Mount Olivet Cemetery. It is lo- 
 cated tAvo and a half miles from tlie City, on the Lebanon Pike, and 
 was bought by a stock company about fifteen years since. October, 
 1855, the company was organized under a liberal charter, granted by 
 the Legislature of Tennessee, and, soon after, elected the following 
 Officers and Board of Directors : A. V. S. Lindsley, President; C. W. 
 Nance, Secretary; W. A. Eichbaum, Treasurer; Directors: A.V. S. 
 Lindsley, C. W. Nance, B. W. Hall, I. H. Buddeke, J. H. McDon- 
 ald, Anson Nelson and Thompson Anderson. The lands comprise 
 one hundred acres, with fronts on both the Lebanon and Stone's River 
 Turnpikes, and are sufficiently far, it is believed, to be secure from 
 encroachment from the City, in that direction, for a long time to 
 come. The improvements on the grounds, when purchased, consisted 
 of three dwellings, a vine-yard, etc. Since its purchase, the whole 
 tract has been laid out by skillful artists, in accordance with the sug- 
 gestions of refined taste, and the picturesque location of the grounds 
 — thousands of cedars and other ornamental shrubbery have been 
 planted, roads and avenues opened, a handsome business office 
 erected, and, although a great deal of ground has been sold, the 
 stockholders have never realized a dollar for the money paid out by 
 them fifteen years ago — the proceeds from the sale of lots having been 
 expended in keeping up and beautifying the grounds. The present 
 Board of Directors, are : A. V. S. Lindsley, President; C.W.Nance, 
 Secretary; I. H. Buddeke, Treasurer; Anson Nelson, Thompson 
 Anderson, Daniel F. Carter and T. W. Weakley. There are many, 
 very many, beautiful mausoleums, obelisks, monuments, etc., here, 
 which are so chaste and exquisite, as to entitle them to great admira- 
 tion. 
 
 Mount Olivet, to-day, is a lovely place, beautifully diversified with 
 "hill and dale, and lawn, and running brook," where 
 
 — "the heart, lialf desolate and broken, 
 
 Far from the city's pomp its vigil may keep, 
 
 And wreath with fairest flowers, affection's token 
 
 The pale, cold marble, where its loved ones sleep." 
 
 And, since we love the beautiful while living, it is indeed a 2)lea6- 
 ing thought, that when our journey is over, on earth, we shall be 
 laid amid the lovliness of nature, until the final trump shall have 
 been sounded. 
 
. 388 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 CONFEDERATE CEMETERY. 
 
 During 1869, the Ladies' Memorial Society, of Nashville, pin 
 chased a burial-ground in Mount Olivet Cemetery, as a resting-place 
 ft)r the remains of the Confederate soldiers, who fell in the battlee 
 about Nashville. At present, it occupies the southern extremity of 
 the grounds in use, but is really in the center of Blount Olivet. The 
 design is admirable. It occupies a pretty hillock, with a natural slope on 
 every side. In the center, or crest, is a spot, sixteen feet square, de- 
 signed as a monumental circle, and in which is to be placed, at some 
 time in the future, a suitable monument. There are thirteen rows of 
 graves, encircling the obelisk square, with four avenues radiating 
 from the center, north, south, east and west. The grave-rows are 
 short in the center and increase in length toward the outer edge of 
 the circle. The first six inner rows contain the remains of soldiers 
 from other States. In the seventh row begin the graves of the "Un- 
 known," while the outer rows contain the bodies of fallen Tennesse- 
 ans, who are placed here designedly, as vidette guards for their com- 
 rades from other States — an arrangement, which is not only symbol- 
 ical of the hospitality of Tennessee, but of the relations w^hich 
 liave existed between her people, and those of sister States. 
 
 There are, at present, 1,360 bodies interred here, all of whom have 
 been removed here during the past twelve months, and there yet re- 
 main a few more not gathered together. When completed and or- 
 namented, as it is intended it shall be, the Confederate Ceme- 
 tery will be as lovely in appearance, as beauty of location and artistic 
 arrangement can make it. The noble and sympathetic ladies, who 
 have interested themselves so zealously in its behalf, not only have, 
 but wall continue to hold the gratitude of a grief-stricken people, of 
 this and future generations. Their names shall be treasured memories, 
 
 and 
 
 " — on brightest pages, 
 
 Penned by poets and by sages, 
 
 Shall go sounding down the ages." 
 
 OLD CATHOLIC CEMETERY. 
 
 The Old Catholic Cemetery, which, until quite recently, was used 
 as a burying place by the Catholic citizens of Nashville, is located 
 in the southern portion of the city on a portion of St. Cloud Hill. 
 This Cemetery contains some five or six acres, and is almost entirely 
 filled up. At present but few interments are made here — only then 
 
MOUNT CALVARY CEMETERY. 389 
 
 where parties own lots there — and the Cemetery virtually has been 
 closed. 
 
 MOUNT CALVARY CEMETERY. 
 
 In September 1868, the Catholic citizens of NL^shville purchased 
 a beautiful tract of land containing 50 acres, at a cost of $15,000, 
 located about two and a half miles south of the city on the Lebanon 
 Pike, immediately north of and adjoining Mount Olivet Cemetery. 
 At once the work of beautifying and ornamentation was commenced, 
 and at this time they have already greatly improved what the lavish 
 hand of nature had previously made a most lovely spot. Mount 
 Calvary is a continuation of that beautiful section occupied in part 
 by Mount Olivet ; and being located between the latter and the city, 
 views of the latter are, if anything, much finer and less obstructed. 
 The grounds, to a great extent, have been admirably laid off j and 
 wherever the symbolic cross rears its head as a monument of some 
 sleeping devotee, there may be traced the care and remembrance of 
 some loving survivor. Mount Calvary is under the management of 
 an association of gentlemen of the Cathedral congregation, who 
 annually elect a Supervising Committee, the Bishop and Pastor of 
 the Church being ex-officio members. The Sexton of tlie Cemetery 
 is Michael Sheehan. 
 
 NATIONAL CEMETERY, 
 
 The National Cemetery for the interment of Federal Soldiers who 
 fell in the battles around Nashville, is located about six miles from 
 the city, bordering on the Gallatin Turnpike and the Louisville and 
 Nashville Railroad. The ground is excellently laid off, and is said 
 to be the most beautiful National Cemetery in the West. The re- 
 mains of 16,486 Federal Soldiers are buried there, of whom 14,576 
 are white, and 1,910 colored. 
 
 MOUNT ARARAT (cOLORED) CEMETERY. 
 
 Until quite recently, the colored people of Nashville had no 
 special burying-ground, using, in conjunction with white citizens, the 
 other cemeteries — for the most part the City Cemetery. In 1869, 
 an association of colored citizens was formed for the purchase of 
 suitable grounds; and in August last, they bought, for 32,550, a very 
 pretty site containing some ten acres, two miles out on the Murfrees- 
 boro Pike. The Trustees of the Cemetery are Edward Noah, W. F. 
 
390 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Walker, Nelson Walker, Albert McGavock, W. A. Sumner, Ephraim 
 Pickett, Geo. Dickinson, Adam Young, T. J. Bell and E. D. Camp- 
 bell, of whom Nelson Walker is President, and W. A. Sumner 
 Secretary. 
 
 HEBREW CEMETERY. 
 
 The burying-ground at present in use by the Hebrew citizens of 
 Nashville, is situated about two miles north of the city, in the vicin- 
 ity of St. Cecilia's Academy. It is quite small, being not more than 
 one or two acres in extent. It has been in use for a number of 
 years. 
 
 Relics of the Past. 
 
 Few of these remain in Nashville. They are being swept away 
 by the onward tide of modern improvement. Like a traveler look- 
 ing back through the scenes which he has passed, we view with 
 regret many places of interest previously disregarded, which now 
 rise before us, when the power to enjoy them can never return. Old 
 buildings, ruins, or places rendered memorable by scenes of patriot- 
 ism, or as having been the homes, or as being the resting places 
 of genius or virtue, have ever been held in veneration by the people 
 of all ages and nations. The visitor to Nashville then will rejoice 
 to know that Nashville and its vicinity aiford resting places for two 
 of the former Presidents of the United States — Hermitage, the home 
 of Andrew Jackson, and Polk Place, the residence and tomb of James 
 K. Polk. The former is located twelve miles from the city on the 
 Lebanon Pike, and still preserves many of the characteristics that 
 distinguished it while its former light resided there. The latter is 
 at the corner of Vine and Union Streets, in the heart of the city ; 
 and yet beautiful and attractive in its appearance, is often visited by 
 the admirers of the great and good man whose name it commem- 
 orates. 
 
BEN£YOLEi\T ORDERS, ASSOCIATIONS AND 
 
 SOCIETIES. 
 
 It is a source of great gratification to all Nashvilliaus who have 
 pride for their City, that no matter what point of the compass their 
 visitors hail from, they may find here some one to extend the hand of 
 welcome and exhibit feelings of friendship and brotherly feeling in 
 the many Benevolent Orders and Associations represented here — So- 
 cieties which have fur their objects the amelioration of the condition 
 of suffering humanity, the performance of charitable deeds to the 
 needy and worthy, and the execution of offices that are ornamental 
 to the fame of our City and give character to it abroad ; where man, 
 by the law of his being, by the promptings of ambition, and by his 
 respect for virtue and honor, has made dignity, chastity and moral 
 excellence the stepping stones to lofty and responsible positions. 
 Where, whenever humanity suggests an exhibition of benevolence, a 
 legion of willing hearts rally to her call ; and where the cardinal vir- 
 tue of existence lays in the sense of the couplet — 
 
 "Tliere is more of honest fame in drying up a. single tear, 
 Tlian in shedding seas of gore." 
 
 Here, too, the stranger from foreign climes, whether he come from 
 the shores of Loch Catrine, the rugged steeps of the Alps, the boggs 
 of old Erin, or the vine-clad fields of France, will find the people of 
 his nationality — our adopted citizens — perpetuating the memories of 
 their parent land, transplanting its virtues to our fertile soil, and by 
 the ceremonies, rites, festivals, etc., peculiar to them, rendering their 
 home in Nashville exceedingly delightful. 
 
 There are a great many facts connected with the histories of these 
 various Societies, that no doubt were they obtainable, would prove of 
 intense interest. It is simply an impossibility to sketch all in full, 
 therefore we give merely the outlines, beginning with 
 
392 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 The Masonic Fraternity. 
 
 Glancing back at tlie history of Free Masonry in the United States, 
 we find that Tennessee, ahnost ever since its admittance into the 
 Union as a State, has been a point of focal interest and importance in 
 matters pertaining thereto, and no one place more so, or even as mnch 
 as Nashville. On December 27, 1813, the Grand Lodge of the State 
 organized at Knoxville, and at that convocation elected Col. Thos. 
 Claiborne, of Nashville, their first Grand Master. Col. Claiborne at 
 that time, represented Davidson county in the State Legislature which 
 met at Knoxville, then the seat of Government for the State. He 
 also, some years afterwards, represented the Nashville District on the 
 floor of the United States Congress. In addition to Col. Claiborne, 
 Nashville and Davidson County has furnished the following Grand 
 Masters: — Robert Searcy, elected first in 1815; AVilkins Tannehill, 
 1817, '18, '20, '21 and '24 ; Andrew Jackson, 1822 and '23 ; George 
 "Wilson, 1840; Jos. Norvell, 1843; Chas. A. Fuller, 1850 and '51, 
 and Jno. S. Dashiell, 1854 and '55. Of this list of illustrious and 
 worthy citizens, but one now remains — the venerable Capt. John S. 
 Dashiell. The others have been gathered to their fathers, and their 
 immortal spirits are now assembled in that great Grand Lodge above 
 that knows no closing. Yet they have scattered behind them seeds 
 tliat have fallen in good ground and grown to a most beautiful har- 
 vest of the principles they respected and cherished. Andrew Jack- 
 son, scholar, soldier. President and Mason; and Wilkins Tannehill, the 
 eminent author of the "Manual" and the reputed father of Masonry in 
 Tennessee, were two Nashvillians, whose memory and deeds are ven- 
 erated by thousands. Thns has been the relation Nashville has borne 
 in regard to the Fraternity, one of distinction and merited honor. 
 
 The Constitution of the M. W. Grand Lodge requires all annual 
 communications to be held at Nashville. The next one will be holden 
 here on the second Monday in November, 1870, and the M. E. Grand 
 Chapter meets on the Wednesday before the second Monday in No- 
 vember. The Grand Council meets the first Monday in November. 
 Nashville is the residence of the following Grand Officers : 
 
 Jno. Frizzell, Grand Secretary, office 84J Church Street ; Wilbur 
 F. Foster, T. I. G. M. Grand Council, corner Cherry and Church 
 Streets ; Geo. Sieferle, Grand Tyler, Masonic Temple. 
 
 At the last annual Communication held here in September, 1869 
 there were reported for the State 21,072 members of all degrees. Of 
 
MASONIC FRATERNITY. 393 
 
 this number, the following belong to subordinate Lodges in Nashville 
 
 and Davidson County: 
 
 Cumberland Lodge No. 8 232 
 
 Phoenix Lodge No. 131 142 
 
 Claiborne Lodge No. 293 95 
 
 Germania Lodge No. 355 34 
 
 Edgefield Lodye No. 254 106 
 
 Goodlettsville Lodge No. 271 100 
 
 McWhirtersville Lodge No. 375 38 
 
 Total 747 
 
 So we sec that, with an aggregate membership of 747 in the county, 
 
 we have over one twenty-eighth of all the membership in the State, 
 
 which has eighty-four counties. 
 
 The present officers of the Subordinate Lodges in the city, are as 
 
 follows : 
 
 Lodges. Worshipful Master!?. Secretaries. 
 
 Cumberland Geo. H. Wells Jos. S. Carels. 
 
 Phoenix Geo. S. Blackie, M.D....Jno. W. Barry. 
 
 Germania C. C. Giers Dr. A. Schiff. 
 
 Claiborne ; H. L. Claiborne Jno. Hailey. 
 
 Edgefield Alex. Joseph Geo. W. Jenkins. 
 
 Cumberland Chapter No. 1.— W. F. Foster, H. P.; Jos. S. Carels, 
 Secretary. Nashville Council No. 1. — Sumner Kirkpatrick, T. I. G. 
 M.;Jos. Carels, Secretary ; and Nashville Commandery No. 1. — M. B. 
 Howell, P]. C, and R. C. Brausford, Recorder. With the exception 
 of the Edgefield and Claiborne Lodges, all of these bodies hold their 
 meetings in Masonic Temple, Church Street. Of these Lodges, the 
 oldest and wealthiest is Cumberland Lodge No. 8, which was insti- 
 tuted June 24, 1812. The magnificent iSIasonic Temple, which 
 stands on Church Street, is the property of this Lodge, and which 
 we will now proceed to describe. 
 
 The Masonic Temple is located on the North side of Church Street, 
 about midway between Cherry and Summer. The building was com- 
 menced in 1857, and finished to its present completion, early in 1861. 
 It is 83 feet front, and has a depth of 115 feet 8 inches, and is builf. 
 with four stories. The building alone, cost upwards of $70,000, and 
 the ground on which it is erected was purchased for $45,000. It is 
 in one of the most central and business quarters of the metropolis, 
 and the present valuation of the entire property will not fall far short 
 of $125,000. The work of erection was done by various parties, 
 prominent among Nvhom were Jas. S. Murrell, brick-mason ;. Cole- 
 man & Spain, carpenters, and Wm. Stockell, plasterer. The archi- 
 
394 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 tect was the late General A. Heimau. The style of architecture 
 adopted in the front is that of the Doric order. 
 
 The first floor is occupied by a grand entrance 15 feet wide, which 
 is continued from each landing to the top of the building, and by 
 three splendid storerooms, each 19 feet front by 110 feet deep, and 
 handsomely fitted up, their fronts being graced with large French 
 plate windows, etc. The front and corners of the first floor are con- 
 structed of cut-stone; the remainder of the building is made of brick. 
 
 The second floor is taken up, with the exception of the stairway 
 gallery, by a spacious Concert Hall 59 by 90 feet, which is fitted up 
 with a stage, scenery, and a suite of green-room apartments. The 
 hall floor is built somewhat on the Isacoustic plan, and is capable of 
 seating comfortably 1,200 persons, although we have seen at least 
 2,000 persons assembled in it on certain grand occasions. The 
 avenues of egress are not as spacious as they should be ; yet as the 
 hall is the largest and most popular we have in the city, we will say 
 no more. 
 
 The third floor is occupied by the Grand Lodge Room, 59 by 
 78 feet, the Blue Lodge Room, 59 by 31 feet 8 inches, and by a 
 number of smaller halls for Subordinate Lodges. The fourth floor 
 is occupied by the Chapter Room, 59 by 34 feet, and by the Council 
 and Comraandery Rooms. There are also three rooms of the floor 
 occupied by Earhart's Commercial College. The Lodge Rooms are 
 all handsomely carpeted and furnished. 
 
 Movements are on foot among the Masons of the State, to establish, 
 at no distant day, a Masonic Orphan's Home, and an amended char- 
 ter to that efiect was granted them by the General Assembly of the 
 State, on the 30th of November, 1869. The Fraternity are manifest- 
 ing a zeal in the enterprise unprecedented, and will make it the grand- 
 est undertaking of the character ever before attempted by the Order 
 in Tennessee. The oSicers at present, are as follows: Thompson 
 Anderson, of Nashville, President; D. F. Wilkin, of Nashville, 
 Vice President ; John Frizzell, of Nashville, Secretary and Treasurer ; 
 John McClelland and Anson Nelson, of Nashville, and John W. Pax- 
 ton, of Knoxville, and Jonathan S. Dawson, of Paris, Executive 
 Committee. 
 
 Odd Fellowship. 
 
 As regards Odd Fellowship, Nashville is more highly honored at 
 the present time, than any other city of the United States, affording 
 
ODD FELLOWS. 395 
 
 as she does, a residence for E. D. Farnsworth, Esq., Right Worthy 
 Grand Sire of the Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd 
 Fellows of the United States ; and so far as the wealth, intelligence 
 and numerical strength of her membership is concerned, surpasses 
 very many cities of the Union. Out of eleven officers of the Grand 
 Lodge of the State, five are residents of Nashville. They are as 
 follows: R. H. Barry, R. W. G. Secretary; Rob't Thompson, R. W. 
 G. Treasurer; Clias. B. Hall, R. W. G. Rep. to G. L. U. S.; M. M. 
 Brien, Jr., R. W. G. Marshal, and Geo. Sieferle, R. W.. G. Guardian. 
 And out ot eight officers of the Grand Encampment, five are resi- 
 dents of Nashville, as follows: P. T. Phillips, M. W. G. Patriarch; 
 R. H. Barry, R.W. G. Scribe; Rob't Thompson, R. W. G. Treas- 
 urer; Geo. Sieferle, Grand Sentinel, and N. S. Davis, Grand Herald. 
 
 The Grand Lodge of the State was first organized in Nashville, 
 August 10, 1841, by the following Past Grands: C. C. Trabue, T. 
 Kezer, G. P. Forsythe, R. A. Barnes, George Wilson, W. H. Cal- 
 houn, Jas. Bowen, and Wm. P. Hume. Then followed the organi- 
 zation of the Subordinate Lodges and Encampments as subjoined: 
 Tennessee Lodge, No. 1, September 8, 1841 ; Trabue Lodge, No. 10, 
 
 September 8, 1846; Ridgely Encampment, No. 1, ; Olive 
 
 Branch Encampment, ; Smiley Lodge, No. 90, August 21, 
 
 1854; Aurora (German) Lodge, No. 105, April 16, 1858; Edgefield 
 Lodge, No. 118, February 8, 1867, and Edgefield Encampment, No. 
 32, . 
 
 The following is a list of the present officers and the number of 
 contributing members in each subordinate body : 
 
 Noble Grands. Secretaries. Members. 
 
 Tennessee Lodge, No. 1, P. O'Connor. P. Harris, Jr. 174 
 
 Trabue " " 10, R. E. Page. Robt. Mackenzie. 121 
 
 Smiley " " 90, R. A. Halley. H. G. Rives. 113 
 
 Aurora " '* 105, Chris. Dieterle. Jno. Herbrich. 120 
 
 Edgefield " " 118, John Ozanne. Ed. Copeland. 59 
 
 Total, 587 
 
 Chief I'airiarchs. Scribe;?. Members. 
 
 Ridijely Encampment, No. 1, W. A. Barry. P. Harris, Jr. 102 
 Olive Branch " " 4, J. R. Harwell. McD. A. Nolen. 76 
 
 Edgefield '' " 31, Ed. Copeland. Jos. W. Gilmau. 25 
 
 Total, 203 
 
 Trabue Lodge was named in honor of Edward Trabue, formerly 
 Mayor of the City of Nashville, and a prominent citizen in his day. 
 
396 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Smiley Lodge was named in honor of Gen. Thos. T. Smiley, one of 
 our most popular, polite and pleasant citizens. Ridgely Encamp- 
 ment was named in honor of Jas. L. Ridgely, present Grand 
 Secretary of the Grand Lodge of the United States. Out of a total 
 membership in the vState of 3,437, over one-sixth are residents of 
 Nashville and vicinity. 
 
 In 1868, the Order purchased a splendid piece of central property, 
 at the corner of Church and High Streets, 49 by 150 feet large, for 
 the exceedingly low sura of ^20,000, on wdiich they propose erecting 
 in a very short while, a magnificent temple or assembly-hall, to cost 
 not less than $50,000. Several designs have been drawn up by as 
 many architects — and although not quite decided upon — yet, we have 
 been informed the building will be at least four stories high, with a 
 Mansard Roof, and built in the most modern and improved style.. 
 It is contemplated to fit up the second story as a grand concert room 
 or theater, with a splendid entrance from the center of the grand 
 floor, which is to be flanked by elegant business houses on either 
 side. Offices and other apartments will occupy the front portion of 
 the second floor, so that an audience in the concert room can not be 
 disturbed by the bustle and racket in the street below. We long for 
 the day of its erection, and shall hail such a fortuitous event with 
 unalloyed pleasure. 
 
 The present Odd Fellows' Hall is at the corner of Union and 
 Summer Streets. 
 
 Improved Order of Red Men. 
 
 This large, influential, and rapidly growing order, was instituted 
 in Tennessee and at Nashville, by the organization of Tecumseh 
 Tribe, No. 1, in 1867. This Tribe now numbers 150 members. Its 
 principal officers are, Sachem, John Ingalls ; Chief of Records, A. J. 
 Moulton. In rapid succession, other Tribes have been instituted in 
 the city, in the order as below indicated : 
 
 Alknooma Tribe Tribe No. 2, at present has forty-five members — 
 Sachem, P. Walsh ; Chief of Records, David Evatt. 
 
 Osceola Tribe No. 3, numbers fifty members — Sachem, W. H. Hy- 
 ronemus; Chief of Records, S. Sickles. 
 
 Pawnee Tribe No. 7, numbers seventy-five members — Sachem, T. 
 A. Knowles ; Chief of Records, G. W. Cooper. 
 
 Sewanee Tribe No. -, numbers thirty members — Sachem, ; 
 
 Chief of Records, . 
 
BENEVOLENT ORDERS, ETC. 397 
 
 In addition to the above, there have been Tribes instituted at 
 Franklin, Columbia, Pulaski, Mount Pleasant, Lawrenceburg, Mur- 
 freesboro, and other cities and towns in the State — showing that the 
 Order is being extended very rapidly throughout the common- 
 wealth. 
 
 The Great Council of the State meets semi-annually, at different 
 l^lacesin the State, and is composed of Past Sachems in good standing, 
 and representatives elected by the respective Tribes. The officers of 
 the Great Council at present are: Great Sachem, L. M. Temple, of 
 Nashville ; Great Senior Sagamore, J. Grant, of Pulaski ; Great Junior 
 Sagamore, "W. J. Parkes, of Pulaski; Great Chief of Records, P. R. 
 Albert, of Nashville ; Great Keeper of Wampum, Charles Sayers, of 
 Davidson County; Great Prophet, Abe Frizzell, of Pulaski; Great 
 Kee})er of Wigwam, W. A. Mathews, of Nashville; Great Guard of 
 Forest, Alex. Hemphill, of Nashville. 
 
 The Red Men's Wigwam is the third floor of the City Hall, north 
 end Market-house. 
 
 The objects of the Improved Order of Red Men, arc, benevolence 
 fraternal feeling, and the protection of the widows and orphans of 
 its deceased members. The different ceremonies, rites, phrases, etc., 
 used, are all derived from the aborigines of our continent. In a ma- 
 jority of instances, these terms are excedingly appropriate, imitating, 
 as they do, the language of the dark-hued sons of the forests, and en- 
 couraging the adoption of the honor and dignity of these true "sons 
 of nature." 
 
 Pale Faces. 
 
 This comparatively young organization, was founded in 1868, by 
 W. J. Andrews, Esq., of Maury County, Tennessee, and is said to 
 have met with unprecedented success — at present numbering some 
 25,000 or 30,000 members in this State, besides having auxiliary 
 Camps in other States. In Davidson County, there are between 
 2,500 and 3,000 Pale Faces. Of this number, fully two thousand 
 are residents of Nashville. They are divided into two Camps, as 
 follows: Orphan Camp No. 3, P. G. Stiver Perkins, President — 
 which meets in the hall over corner of Union street and Printers' 
 alley : Forrest Camp No. 7, J. Patton, President — which meets at 
 Elysian Grove Temperance Hall, South Nashville. 
 
398 NASHVILLE AND HEE TRADE. 
 
 Sons of Temperance. 
 
 Of those who " look not upon the wine when it is red," Nashville 
 claims for herself five hundred true and loyal Sons. There are in the 
 city three active working Divisions of this Order, embraced in the 
 following: Tennessee Division No. 30, Temple Division No. 22, and 
 Elysian Grove Division No. 1. The two former meet in Temperance 
 Hall, Union Street, and the latter in their hall, at the junction of 
 Market street and the Murfreesboro Pike, in South Nashville. There 
 are, in addition to these, the following Divisions within Davidson 
 County, and identified with Nashville: 
 
 Edgefield Division, Edgefield, No. 12; White's Creek Division, 
 White's Creek, No. 207 ; Zion Division, near White's Creek, No. 
 33; Mansker's Creek Division, Goodlettsville, No. 87; Thompson's 
 Chapel Division, Nolensville Pike, No. 24; Gethsemane Division, 
 Baker's Station, No. 70; beside four other Divisions not now in 
 active operation. The total membership for the county will reach 
 one thousand. About five thousand dollars' worth of property is 
 owned by this Order in the county, mostly in the way of furniture, 
 since, as a general thing, they rent their halls. Nashville is the resi- 
 dence of several of the officers of the Grand Division of the State. 
 It is also the place of assemblage for the Grand Division, which meets 
 here annuallly. 
 
 Nashville Bible Society. 
 
 The Nashville Bible Society, a branch organization of the Ameri- 
 can Bible Society, was organized August 25, 1823. The first officers 
 of the Society were: Hon. John Haywood, President; General An- 
 drew Jackson, General Wm. Carroll and Col. Edward AVard, Vice- 
 Presidents; John Somerville, Treasurer; Oliver B. Hayes, Corre- 
 sponding Secretary, and Benj. Litton, Recording Secretary. The first 
 Board of Managers was : Hon. Robert Whyte, Hon. John Mc- 
 Nairy, Hon. Wm. L. Brown, Henry Crabb, James Trimble, Jesse 
 Wharton, Michael C. Dunn, Willie Barrow, Joseph T. Elliston, Wil- 
 kins Tannehill, Nathan Ewing, Moses Norvell, N. A. McNairy, 
 Robert Smiley, John Price and Jos. Litton. 
 
 From the date of its organization to the present time, many of the 
 most prominent citizens of our city have been connected with the So- 
 ciety. The officers of the present organization, are: Dr. W. H- 
 
BENEVOLENT OEDERS, ETC. 399 
 
 Morgan, President; General R. C. Foster, Vice-President; J. M. 
 Gaut, Recording Secretary; A. G. Adams, Treasurer. An Executive 
 Committee now takes the place of the old Board of Managers. The 
 members of the present Committee are : Samuel Scott, AY. B. Dortch, 
 James M. Hamiltou, H. G. Scovel and Wm. H. Evans, to which are 
 added the Treasurer and Secretary, ex-qfficio members. As a general 
 thing, this Society has been an active one; but it is said to be more 
 energetic now than ever. The object of this Society is, "to promote 
 the circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment, as 
 published by the American Bible Society." During 1869, the So- 
 ciety supplied three counties adjacent to Nashville, and during 1870, 
 expect to furnish at least six counties. The Repository of the So- 
 ciety is at the house of W. C. Collier & Co., No. 44 Union Street, 
 where their books are sold at cost to churches, Sunday schools and 
 individuals, and to dealers, with the addition of "carriage." 
 
 Nashville Tract Society. 
 
 The abo\^ is the name of a society in this city, organized Novem- 
 ber 6, 1868, for the purpose of distributing gratuitously, religious 
 tracts and books in the City of Nashville and its suburbs. The So- 
 ciety meets the second Monday night in each month, and is officered 
 as follows: President, H.Hill McAllister; Corresponding Secretary, 
 A. G. Turner; Recording Secretary, Frank P. Hume; Treasurer, J. 
 H. Ruggles. The Nashville Tract Society numbers on its roll, thir- 
 ty-three members, all of whom are actively engaged in the work, and 
 distributed, during the year 1869, about 300,000 pages of tracts, 
 small books on religious subjects, etc. We have been handed the 
 following statement of its financial condition on January 1, 1870: 
 Cash receipts, .^260; disbursements, $197.42; balance on hand, Jan- 
 uary 1, 1870, $62.58. 
 
 Tennessee Memorial Society. 
 
 This most estimable humane Society, organized for the purpose of 
 reinterring the remains of Confederate soldiers who fell in the battles 
 around Nashville, first met at the residence of that truly benevolent 
 and philanthropic lady, Mrs. Felicia G. Porter, in April, 1868. The 
 Society at once organized, and included as its members, many of the 
 first ladies of Nashville. The present officers are : President and 
 Secretary — Mrs. Felicia G. Porter: Treasurer — Mrs. Wm. H. Evans; 
 
400 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Managers — Mrs. Ex-President James K. Polk, Mrs. John Kirkman^ 
 Mrs. E. H. Hickman, Mrs. John Overton, Mrs. T. J. Harding, Mrs. 
 I. C. Nicholson, Mrs. G. W. Fall, Mrs. Jcfi. French, Mrs. G. W. 
 Cunningham, Mrs. Thos. Marshall, Mrs. M. P. McGuire, Mrs. Thos. 
 D. Craighead, Mrs. Wm. Clare, Mrs. Henry Massengale, Mrs. McG. 
 Lindsley, Mrs. Henri Weber, Mrs. St. Clair Morgan, Mrs. Jas. T. 
 Bell, Mrs. Thos. Farrell, Mrs. John L. Brown, Mrs. Thos. Menees 
 and Miss Aline McCall. Since its organization, this Society has re- 
 iuterred 2,500 Confederate soldiers, embracing all of the Southern 
 States and New York. An annual decoration of these graves occurs, 
 in which nearly the entire population participates in solemn and im- 
 pressive ceremonies. The Society proposes soon to erect a Confed- 
 erate Monument. The noble deeds done by these thrice-noble women, 
 have done much to heal the severed heart cords of a suffering, yet ever 
 grateful people. May their memories continue with ns as long as the 
 sacred soil of their sunny South, enriched by the blood of a chivalric 
 soldiery, continues to vegetate. 
 
 Robertson Association. 
 
 This charitable Order dates its existence from February, 1856, and 
 is devoted to the alleviation of suffering and distress in our city during 
 periods of epidemic and other extraordinary calamites. It was char- 
 tered by the Legislature, February 22, 186G. The name of " Robert- 
 son Association" was chosen to honor and perpetuate the memory of 
 Duncan Robertson, the Howard of Nashville, a Scotchman by birth. 
 a noble Christian philanthropist, that will long be remembered by 
 many of our old citizens. Every Winter, a series of lectures is deliv- 
 ered, under the auspices ot the Society, the proceeds of which are devoted 
 to benevolent purposes. The Society has about fifty members. Dr. 
 J. B. Lindsley is President; T. J. Hough, Esq., Vice-President; 
 Major Jas. M. Hawkins, Treasurer, and Thos. M. Brennan, Esq., 
 Secretary. It acknowledges no sectarian or political bias; on its 
 banner is inscribed simply that Heaven-born word, " Charity." 
 
 Tennessee Medical Society. 
 
 The Medical Society of Tennessee was chartered by the General 
 Assembly of the State, January 9, 1830. The original Act of incor- 
 poration was amended by that body in 1848, authorizing it to estab- 
 
BEXEVOLENT ORDERS, ETC. 401 
 
 lish auxiliary societies in each county in the State, upon the application 
 of five regularly graduated Physicians of a county ; aud was extended 
 in 1858, for fifty years from the 1st of January, 1860, and is now a 
 body politic and corporate. Its objects are the collection, preserva- 
 tion, diffusion, interchange and general advancement of medical 
 knowledge throughout the State; the cultivation of the ethics of the 
 profession, and the promotion of a high standard of attainments among 
 its members. It is composed of many of the most prominent and 
 distinguished Physicans of Tennessee, beside having a number of sci- 
 entific gentlemen living in this and other States, as honorary mem- 
 bers. The Society has held its meetings in Nashville regularly since 
 1830, excepting the hiatus from 1861 to 1866. The officers of the 
 present term, are : President — J. F. Grant, M. D., of Nashville, (for- 
 merly of Giles County) ; Vice Presidents — S. P. Crawford, M. D., of 
 Greene County ; Frank Ramsey, M. D., of Shelby County, and W. L. 
 Xichol, M. D., of Nashville ; Corresponding Secretary — D. DuPre, M. 
 D., of Nashville; Recording Secretary and Treasurer, J. D. Pluukett, 
 M. D., of Nashville. 
 
 The Nashville Medical Society. 
 
 The Nashville Medical Society was founded in 1857, for the pur- 
 pose of binding the medical profession in closer ties of friendship aud 
 liarmony, and for discussion of medical topics. Its first President 
 w^as the late Professor A. H. Buchanan, and its first Secretary, Prof. 
 George S. Blackie, who still holds the office. In 1865, the Society 
 adopted a table of Fees, which regulates the profession of this com- 
 munity in their practice, and which has been adopted by the Societies 
 of various other counties in the State. The "City Board of Health," 
 recent-y abolished by the Corporation, was the offspring of the ener- 
 getic officers of this Society, and was an institution of the greatest 
 service to the city. Tiie Society holds its meetings on the first Tues- 
 day of each month. At these meetings papers on medical topics are 
 read, lectures delivered, and discussions on professional topics held. 
 There are now about forty members, who are residents of this citv. 
 Besides these, there are honorary members, who are selected from the 
 medical profession generally, in recognition of distinguished services 
 to the Society or the profession generally. Dr. W. T. Briggs is now 
 the President. 
 26 
 
402 NASHVILLE AND HEE TRADE. 
 
 Concordia Club. 
 
 The Concordia Club is the name of an amateur Literary and Dra- 
 matic Association organized December 1, 1865, by the consolidation 
 of the Thalia and Eureka Clubs. It is composed of some of our best 
 citizens of various nationalities, it being cosmopolitan in its views. 
 Its object is Literary, Dramatic and Social entertainment and for the 
 advancement of General Literature. It has already 500 volumes in 
 its Library, embracing rare works of all classes, but mostly of stand- 
 ard authors on Poetry, History, Criticism and the Drama. This 
 number is rapidly increasing, and doubtless before many days, will 
 be the best private library in the city. Their hall, which is located 
 on the second floor of the new Post Office Building, is decidedly the 
 handsomest concert room in the City, and is capable of seating 500 
 persons. It is fitted up with a fine stage and accompanying scenery ; 
 is splendidly adorned with fresco-papering, and has suites of neatly 
 furnished and carpeted ante-rooms. Regular meetings of the Club 
 are held every Thursday night, but the Club Rooms are open at all 
 times for the benefit of its members. The Dramatic entertainments 
 of the Club, which are only occasional, are of the very first order, 
 and exhibit talent of the highest degree among its membership. 
 
 Caledonian Society. 
 
 The Caledonian Society of Nashville, was founded in 1865 by the 
 Scotch residents of Kashville, for the purpose of keeping up a link 
 with the country of their origin, preserving their affection for its 
 brown heaths and wild crags, and for taking care of destitute widows 
 and orphans of Scotch origin, as well as affording relief to worthy 
 countrymen out of means and employment. The Society is composed 
 at present, of about 35 members, who meet quarterly and transact for 
 their numbers, and opportunity, no small amount of charitable busi- 
 ness. The members celebrate annually, by a public festival, the 30th 
 of November, St. Andrews' Day, at which festival national music 
 and dances are performed, and a small fund for charitable purposes ac- 
 cumulated. The sons and grand-sons of Scotchmen, as well as natives, 
 are eligible for membership. ]Mr. Matthew Henderson was the first 
 President. Dr. Geo. S. Blackie has occupied the Chair for four years 
 past, and Major Wm. Gray, is Secretary. 
 
BENEVOLENT OEDEES, ETC. 403 
 
 German Relief Society. 
 
 About twenty years ago, a number of our most respectable Ger- 
 man citizens met together and formed an association of their country- 
 men, known as the German Relief Society. The object aimed at was 
 that of mutual assistance and relief in cases of sickness ; to assist in 
 burying the dead, and by social intercourse, to repeat and renew the 
 scenes and memories of " Faderland." At present, the Society has a 
 membership of at least 75. They meet monthly in their hall, at No. 
 33 Union Street. The officers are : — Dr. G. Schiff, President, and F. 
 Meyer, Secretary. 
 
 Swiss Relief Association. 
 
 The countrymen of William Tell and natives of the rugged peaks 
 of the "joyous Alps," have, too, in the home of their adoption, an 
 Association, whose ostensible purpose is for the amelioration of the 
 condition of the unfortunate and indigent people of their nationality, 
 and for interchange of sociability and perpetuation of habits and 
 pastimes of Switzerland. The Association was organized May 1, 
 1857 — flowery May Day — the same that in the home of their nativity 
 is celebrated by festival, song and dance. The membership now an- 
 proximates 50. The Association meets monthly, at the corner of 
 Jefferson and Cherry Streets, and is officered as follows : — President 
 David Kunz ; Secretary, A. Monson ; Treasurer, Jos. Vogt. 
 
 Nashville Blood-Horse Association. 
 
 The Nashville Blood-Horse Association, an organization perfected 
 for the purpose of encouraging the breeding of blooded stock, was 
 organized several years since ; but having received a charter from the 
 General Assembly, at its session of 18G9-70, underwent a re-organi- 
 zation. The Association now numbers about one hundred members, 
 many of whom are the most noted blooded-stock raisers in the State 
 of Tennessee, among whom might be noticed such prominent gen- 
 tlemen as Col. Wm. B. Johnson, Gen. W. G. Harding, S. R. Cock- 
 rill, Esq., Dr. Wm. A. Cheatham, Hon. Bailie Peyton, Archer Cheat- 
 ham, Esq., R. F. Woods, Esq., R. B. Cheatham, Esq., and a number 
 of others quite zealous in the cause of encouraging none but the best 
 blood. Since their organization, the Blood-Horse Association has 
 
404 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 effected much good, and yet the fruits of their purpose are hardly 
 comparative to what they give promise of in the not overly distant 
 future. The Association meets monthly at the Merchants' Exchange, 
 Cherry Street, and is officered as follows for 1870: President, Col. 
 W. H. Johnson; Vice Presidents, Hon. Bailie Peyton, Gen. W. G. 
 Harding, Major R. F. Woods; Chief Marshal, Capt. R. S. Patterson ; 
 Treasurer, C. W. Hummer, Esq.; Secretary, Hugh McGavock, Esq. 
 
 Tennessee Horticultural Society. 
 
 The Tennessee Horticultural Society was founded in 1867, and 
 chartered by the Legislature in 1868. Its object is, by public dis- 
 cussions and conversations among the members, and exhibitions of 
 Horticultural objects, to improve the taste of the citizens for garden- 
 ing, and induce the cultivation of fine varieties of fruits, flowers and 
 vegetables. During its existence the Society has done much towards 
 the accomplishment of its aims. Meetings are held on the first and 
 third Saturdays of each month, and at these meetings frequent exhi- 
 bitions of fruits and flowers take place. There are two great exhibi- 
 tions annually, in the Spring and Autumn, at which piemiums to 
 the amount of $1,000 are awarded. There are now, 450 members. 
 Elder P. S. Fall is the President; Dr. Geo, S. Blackie, Recording 
 Secretary ; and Wm. Heaver, Esq., Corresponding Secretary. 
 
 The Tennessee Apiarian Society. 
 
 The Tennessee Apiarian Society was founded in 1869, for the pur- 
 j)Ose of instructing the public in the proper methods of raising and 
 caring for the Honey Bee, and calling general attention to the value 
 uf Honey and Wax as commercial products. Its President is Dr. J. 
 H. Hamlin, and Esquire S. Sumner Hall is Secretary. 
 
 Fenian Brotherhood. 
 
 The Nashville Circle of the Fenian Brotherhood, at present num- 
 bers about 220 members. Nashville is the place of residence of D. 
 S. Mundy, State Center — the ranking officer in Tennessee. She has 
 also furnished the Head Center for the Brotherhood in the United 
 States, in the person of General John O'Neill. The Brotherhood 
 holds weekly meetings at Fenian Hall, Colonnade Building, Cherry 
 Street. 
 
BENEVOTiENT ORDERS, ETC. 405 
 
 Hibernian Society. 
 
 The Hibernian Society was established in Nashville in 1868, and 
 as its name signifies, is composed of Irishmen. They meet together 
 weekly for mutual benefit and for the purpose of doing deeds of 
 charity. The membership at present is about 60 strong. D. S. 
 Mundy is President; John Shea, Secretary; and M. McCormack^ 
 Treasurer. 
 
 St. Joseph's Total Abstinence Society. 
 
 The St. Joseph's Total Abstinence Society was organized in 1867, 
 for the purposes of mutual edification and instruction, and for the 
 encouragement of the cause of Temperance. A fine Library of several 
 hundred volumes is open to the use of the members. Their meeting 
 place is in the basement of the Cathedral, at2:30 p. M., every Sun- 
 day. The membership is about . Rev. P. F. Coyle is the Presi- 
 dent, and E. E. Jones, Secretary. 
 
 St. Vincent De Paul Society. 
 
 The St. Vincent De Paul Society was established in Nashville in 
 1866, and at present has about 30 members. The President is 
 
 Phillip Olwill; Vice President, Ottenville; Secretary, E. E. 
 
 Jones. The Society meets in the basement Chapel of the Summer 
 Street Cathedral every Sunday, immediately after High Mass. Its 
 main, and indeed only object, is, that of visiting and relieving the 
 poor at their dwellings. 
 
 St. Mary's Orphan Association. 
 
 This Association was organized March 6, 1864. It has about 60 
 members, and meets on the first Sunday in each month, in the base- 
 ment of the Cathedral. Its specific charge is that of attending to 
 the rearing, instruction and comfort of Catholic Orphans. The 
 officers of the Association are, P. Olwill, President ; F. H. Cun- 
 ningham and P. Leddy, Vice Presidents ; and E. E. Jones, Secre- 
 tary. 
 
406 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 German Immigration Society. 
 
 In 1868, the Tennessee German Immigration Society was chartered 
 by the General Assembly of the State, for the purpose of encourag- 
 ing immigration from Europe, and more especially from the land of 
 the industrious, thrifty and enterprising German, to come and make 
 their homes in Tennessee ; to aid in the development of her resour- 
 ces, and help build up her manufacturing and industrial interests. 
 No doubt the labors of the Society in this respect, so far, have been 
 productive of much good. The President of the Society is, C. C. 
 Giers, and the Secretary, John Ruhm. 
 
 Order of the Harugari. 
 
 There is also a subordinate Lodge — Jackson No. Ill — of the Old 
 German Order of the Harugari, in Nashville. It was established in 
 1861, and has now about sixty members. It object is benevolence 
 and charity. The hall of meeting is at No. 39 Union Street. The 
 officers of the present term, are: Geo. Leascher, 1st Bard; Paul 
 Hoffman, 2d Bard; L. Sona, 1st Secretary; Louis Meyer, 2d Sec- 
 retary; Fred. Phillipps, Treasurer. 
 
 Nashville Turn Verein. 
 
 The Nashville Turner's Society was established October 25, 1854. 
 Its object is not only for the culture of the mind, but also that of the 
 body; and in connection with their dramatic, vocal and literary exer- 
 cises, also include gymnastic and acrobatic performances. The Soci- 
 ety at present, numbers about ninety members, composed mostly of 
 our German citizens. The officers are: John Ruhm, 1st Speaker; 
 Dr. P. Knaffle, 2d Speaker; Louis Sona, 1st Secretary; C. Schott, 
 2d Secretary; John Pfeiffer, 1st Treasurer; Bassow, 2d Treas- 
 urer. The Society meets once a week at Turner's Hall, North Mar- 
 ket Street. Their hall is neatly fitted up, is capable of seating five 
 hundred persons, and has a stage and scenery. In the rear of the hall 
 is an ample Gymnasium with complete apparatus for physical exercise. 
 
BENEVOLENT OEDERS, ETC. 407 
 
 Sharpshooters' Society. 
 
 The Nashville Sharpshooters' Society was established January, 
 1866, and has now about seventy-five members. Its object is mainly 
 for practicing in target-shooting. The Society has annual festivals, 
 generally in the Spring or Summer, on which occasion handsome 
 prizes are won by the best marksmen. The President is Louis Pfeif- 
 fer; and Secretary, B. L. Faller. 
 
 Independent Order Bnai Brith. 
 
 Maimonides Lodge No. 46, of the Indt'.pendent Order Bnai Brith, 
 was established in Nashville during 1866, and at present numbers 
 eighty-six members. The object of the Society is benevolence. The 
 chief officers are: President, M. Jacobus; Secretary, N. Wertheim. 
 Their time and place of meeting, is every Tuesday evening at Tem- 
 perance Hall, 39 Union Street. 
 
 Young Men's Hebrew Benevolent Society. 
 
 The Young Men's Hebrew Benevolent Society^ was organized in 
 1853, and chartered by the Legislature in 1859, and as their title in- 
 dicates, was organized for benevolent purposes. Their present place 
 of meeting is in Temperance Hall, No. 39 Union Street. The Soci- 
 ety numbers thirty-five members, and the officers are as follows : Pres- 
 ident, R. D. Blum; Vice President, P. H. Loventhal; Secretary, 
 Barney A. Phillips. 
 
 Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society. 
 
 This Society was established January 1, 1866, and at present has 
 thirty -five members. Its object is that of charity. The Society 
 meets once a week in Douglas Hall, ^larket Street. The officers of 
 the present term are : President, Mrs. Sophia Shyer ; Vice Presi- 
 dent, Mrs. H. Spitz; and Secretary, Mrs. S. Feldman. 
 
 Harmonia Society. 
 
 The Harmonia Society is a new organization, effected during De- 
 cember, 1869. It has for its aims, literary culture, mutual inter- 
 
408 NASHVILLE AND HEE TEADE. 
 
 course, pleasure, and general harmony among its members, as its title 
 suggests. At present its membership is forty strong. The officers 
 ai'e: M. Fishel, President; L. Burnheim, Vice President] L. Kahn, 
 Secretary; and H. S|)itz, Treasurer. 
 
 Nashville Typographical Union No. 20. 
 
 Perhaps the most prominent protective organization in existence in 
 tliis City is the association of Printers, known as Nashville Typo- 
 graphical Union No. 20 — a suborbinate body of the National Typo- 
 "graphical Union of the United States. In 1840, an old society of Print- 
 ers, which had been in existence for several years, died out, but in 
 1847 was resuscitated, and in 1855 it came under the jurisdiction of 
 the National Union. The Society of '47, numbered scarcely a dozen 
 members, and ol whom Edward Dyer was President, and J. J. Mc- 
 Daniel, Secretary. To-day, the Union numbers eighty members in 
 Nashville. The Typographical Union of the United States is a pro- 
 tective organization, powerful in strength and harmonious in their 
 workings. Their motives may, to a great extent, be explained by 
 the following extract from the preamble of organization in the Con- 
 stitution of Nashville Union No. 20: ''We, the printers of Nash- 
 ville and vicinity, recognizing the futility of individual eifort in main- 
 taining the independence of those who labor at the art of printing, 
 and an adequate rate of compensation for their labor; and believing 
 that the co-operation of all j^rinters is necessary to attain these desi- 
 rable ends — that a frequent meeting and interchange of opinion is 
 highly conducive to a thorough understanding of our rights, and the 
 maintenance of a reasonable compensation for our labor — and that all 
 persons who work at printing in this city or vicinity are benefitted by 
 the existence of this society," etc. 
 
 The Union meets monthly in their hall, Colonnade Building, Cher- 
 ry Street. The present officers are : President, George M. Anthony; 
 Vice President, George J. Curtis ; Recording and Corresponding Sec- 
 retary, M. L. Ford; Financial Secretary and Treasurer, John M. 
 Ozanne ; Delegates to the National Union, Thomas Irwin Isaac D. 
 George; Seargent-at-Arms, W. C. James; Business Committee, James 
 S. Muirehead, Samuel Robinson, Thomas Irwin, Robert Barclay; Fi- 
 nance Committe, John Plaxton, AVm. H. McBride, J. W. Harvey. 
 
 At present Nashville is the place of residence of the worthy Pres- 
 ident of the National Typographical Union, Isaac D. George, Esq., 
 
BENEVOLENT ORDERS, ETC. 409 
 
 of the Republican Banner, he having been elected to that position at the 
 last session of the Union, held at Albany, New York, June, 1869. 
 
 St. Crispin Society. 
 
 In April, 1869, the journeymen shoemakers of Nashville organ- 
 ized in this City a branch of the St. Crispin Society. The society 
 began with weak numbers, but has gradually increased until it now 
 musters sixty members. It meets in the hall No. 83 Union Street. 
 The officers are: President, Frank T. Douglass; Financial Secretary, 
 Nicholas Hickey; Recording Secretary, Richard Perry. 
 
 Additional Societies, Clubs, etc. 
 
 There are in the City quite a number of additional societies and 
 clubs, formed for mutual improvement and literary culture; besides, 
 also a number of trades protective unions, organized for the purpose 
 of regulating working hours, wages, etc., and to protect the members 
 of their particular vocations from the encroachments of grasping em- 
 ployers, etc. Prominent among these are the Locomotive Engineers' 
 Brotherhood, whose hall is in the third story Union and American 
 Block ; the Iron Founders' and Moulders' Club ; Tailors' Society ; 
 Brick-layers' Association ; Cabinet-makers' Society, etc. 
 
 Colored Societies. 
 
 The colored Barbers in the City, have formed themselves into a so- 
 ciety known as the " Nashville Barbers' Association," which has for 
 its object the regulation of prices, etc. There are twenty-three tonso- 
 rial establishments in the City, conducted by colored men, employing 
 about one hundred and twenty-five Barbers, nearly all of whom are 
 members of the association. The President is A. McKay, and Sec- 
 retary, Wash. Estell. 
 
 In addition, there are in the City the following Colored Benev- 
 olent Associations: Sons of Relief, B. F. Walker, colored. President; 
 three hundred members. Benevolent Society No. 1, T. J. Bell, col- 
 ored, President; five hundred members. Mechanics' Association, Jno. 
 Adams, colored, President; one hundred and fifty members. Peo- 
 ple's Aid Association, J. L. Brown, colored. President ; two hundred 
 members. The Young Men's Immaculate Society, Felix Ewing, 
 
410 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 colored, President; one hundred members. There are, also in the 
 City quite a number of colored female societies, and several for both 
 male and female, as follows : Good Samaritans, Female Benevolent 
 Nos. 1 and 2, Daughters of Relief, Daughters of Zion, Sons and 
 Daughters of Liberty, Lincoln Temperance Society, Brothers and 
 Sisters of Love, and Daughters of Charity, beside several smaller so- 
 cieties in Edgefield and vicinity of Nashville, numbering some fif- 
 teen hundred members in all, not to say any thing of the several as- 
 sociations of hackmen, draymen, cartmen, farmers, etc. Altogether, 
 these organizations will muster in the City, a membership of nearly 
 four thougand. 
 
EDUCATIOXAL MATTERS. 
 
 The social and practical characteristics of the citizens of Nashville, 
 are, in nothing, more clearly and favorably manifested, than in their 
 zealous support of their scholastic interests ; and as an educational 
 point the fame of Nashville has been coeval with its origin. The 
 city abounds in public, semi-public and private schools, colleges and 
 seminaries; and many visitors have been pleasantly astonished, both 
 with the amount and character of the intellectual element centered 
 here. Yet the quantity of the instruction given, is, perhaps, less 
 noteworthy than its quality. Public teachers compete with private 
 teachers, and vice versa ; and the result is, that a lively spirit of emu- 
 lation has ensued and has been productive of some very beneficial 
 results. 
 
 Another great intellectual element in our city, is the governmental^ 
 of which our noble capitol is the proud emblem. As the seat of 
 government of one of the leading States in this vast confederacy, 
 and of various State and Federal Courts, Nashville has long been 
 renowned in the political world. The biennial sessions of the Legis- 
 lature and the terms of the different courts, periodically bring hither 
 many of the ablest men of the State, whose influence intellectually 
 can not but be felt ; and to-day were it proper, we could give the 
 names of eminent statesmen and jurists who are worthy successors 
 of those, who in time past, have made glorious marks in our annals. 
 Among educators of the people might also be mentioned the potent 
 and wide-reaching Press of our city, whose intellectual influence is 
 highly developed. 
 
 The central location, the fertility and beauty of the surrounding 
 country, and the salubrity and healthfulness of its climate, have 
 doubtless been among the causes w'hich have led to the concentration 
 
412 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 here of the intellectual elements which give tone and tenor to our 
 society. To these must be added the liberality, energy and foresight 
 of our citizens. Our greatest glory is our intellectual pre-eminence. 
 It has been worthily attained, and we doubt not will be worthily 
 maintained and continue always the pride and glory of our city of 
 Nashville. 
 
 Public School System. 
 
 During the year 1852, the Mayor and Aldermen of the City of 
 Nashville, with the advice and co-operation of some of our most 
 successful educators and public-spirited and intelligent citizens, inau- 
 gurated the present efficient system of Public Instruction. These 
 schools are sustained by a direct tax for school purposes. All chil- 
 dren between the ages of six and eighteen years, whose parents or 
 guardians reside within the corporate limits of the city, are entitled 
 to the privileges of the pul)lic schools. The charge of these schools 
 is committed to eight gentlemen, styled the "Board of Education," 
 who are appointed annually by the City Council, and who Blect a Su- 
 perintendent. 
 
 The schools are regularly classified according to the graded system, 
 embracing Primary, Intermediate and Grammar Schools, running 
 through a course of seven consecutive years, followed by a two years' 
 course in the High School. Young men are fitted for college, mer- 
 cantile and agricultural pursuits. Young ladies are thoroughly 
 educated in the common and higher English branches, French and 
 Ancient languages, vocal music, and in school policy for teaching. 
 For systematic training, thorough instruction, and perfect discipline, 
 they have attained a high degee of excellence. 
 
 The Public Schools were first opened in Hume Building, in the 
 Fifth Ward, corner Spruce and Broad Streets, 900 pupils being in 
 attendance. The lot on which it stands was purchased for ^10,000, 
 and is|150 by 180 feet large. The building is of the castellated 
 style of architecture, and contains eight school rooms, 30 by 25 feet 
 each, and six, 50 by thirty feet each, besides offices, etc. It was 
 erected at a cost of about $40,000, and was named in honor of Alfred 
 Hume, Esq., of Nashville, a distinguished educator in former days. 
 The present value of the property is estimated at $76,000. Mr. Z. 
 H. Brown is Principal. 
 
 The Howard Building was erected in 1857, on College Hill, in 
 the Seventh Ward, on a $20,000 lot, 106 by 212 feet large, donated 
 
PUBLIC SCHOOLS— UNIVEESITY OF NASHVILLE. 413 
 
 the city l)y M. M. Howard, Esq., of New York, a large property 
 holder in this city, and formerly a resident here. The building is of 
 the most modern style of school architecture; contains three study 
 halls, 75 by 50 feet, and twelve recitation rooms, 20 by 15 feet, and 
 cost $32,000. 2Vt present the property is worth $60,000. Miss 
 Lizzie Spivey is Principal. 
 
 The Hynes Building is at the corner of Summer and Line Streets, 
 in the Fourth Ward. The site on which it stands is 86J by 174 
 feet large, and was donated by Andrew Hynes, ?]sq., a public-spirited 
 citizen of Nashville, in honor of whom it was named. The Hynes 
 Building contains seven school rooms, each 40 by 30 feet, and twelve 
 recitation rooms smaller. Its present value is about $30,000. W. 
 B. Thompson is Principal. 
 
 The Trimble School is on South Market Street, in the Seventh 
 Ward, and contains two school rooms, each 30 by 45 feet. This 
 building was erected as early as 1850, and cost the city, when pur- 
 chased—just before the war— $10,000. Miss Mary Soule is the 
 present Principal. 
 
 The Ninth Ward School Building is situated at the corner of Cherry 
 and Madison Streets. It has four rooms, each 20 by 40 feet. It 
 was first used for school purposes in 1867. The present Principal is 
 Miss Alice demons. 
 
 The Belleview Colored School is on Summer Street, between Jack- 
 son and Jeiferson, and contains five rooms, each 20 by 40 feet; and 
 is valued at $12,000. G. W. Hubl)ard is Principal. 
 
 The Gun Factory Colored School, is on College, between Ash and 
 Mulberry Streets. It was established in 1868. The portion of the 
 buildino- used as a school contains five rooms, 40 by 30 feet each. 
 Miss M. R. Smith is Principal. 
 
 These buildings are all well furnished with seats, apparatus, etc. 
 During the last session, the total number of pupils in attendance 
 was 3,300, of which number 2,800 were white and 500 colored. 
 The Superintendent of the schools is S. Y. Caldwell. Board of Ed- 
 ucation — James Whitworth, President; J. L.Weakley, Secretary; 
 Jno. J. McCann, J. O. Griffith, Geo. S. Kinney, C. K. Winston, 
 Isaac Paul and Chas. Rich. 
 
 University of Nashville. 
 
 This noble old institution of learning dates its origin back to the 
 primitive days of the Republic; more than ten years previous to the 
 
414 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 birtli of Tennessee herself. It has struggled for existence against 
 every ill-fortune, seen not a few days of decided prosperity, and 
 stands, to-day, a noble monument of the men and times that planned 
 it and gave it a character, that has placed it first and foremost of our 
 civic institutions. 
 
 On the 29th of December, 1785, General James Robertson, who 
 represented, in the Legislature of North Carolina, "a people living 
 in stations and forts," on the banks of the far-off Cumberland, se- 
 cured the passage of "An Act for the promotion of learning in the 
 County of Davidson," and named nine Trustees. The institution 
 was called "Davidson Academy;" and the following year it was or- 
 ganized, under the superintendence of Rev. Thos. B. Craighead. 
 This was the nucleus of the University of Nashville. The Legis- 
 lature of North Carolina, in chartering the institution, had endowed 
 it with two hundred and forty acres of land, then worth little more 
 than as many dollars ; but, being included within the corporate lim- 
 its of the City, rose in value, and kept the nucleus of the University 
 from perishing in its babyhood. The actual seat of the institution 
 was fixed at Spring Hill Meeting-house, six miles from Nashville 
 on the road leading to Gallatin, where its first President, Rev. Thos. 
 B. Craighead, taught the boys during the week, at the rate of five 
 pounds a year, and preached to them and his neighbors, on Sunday. 
 From 1776 to 1798, the institution lived as best it could, on the 
 rents of the land, taken in corn, and sold by the trustees for what 
 they could get, the lease of ferries and occasional sales of land. 
 
 In 1796, Tennessee joined the sisterhood of States, and took the 
 Academy under her natural care, by incorporating it under the name 
 of "Cumberland College." Willing, as she was, to adopt tlie insti- 
 tution, she, yet, left it to seek other sources of support, than her own 
 treasury. It is a fact, that will strike many with surprise, that the 
 State has never, to this good day, given one dollar to the support 
 and conduct of the oldest, most creditable and useful literary 
 institution within her borders. It is true, that it has been the recipi- 
 ent of large grants of land, by virtue of the Acts of North Caro- 
 lina, and of the National Congress; yet Tennessee, as a State, 
 has never endowed it with one cent. But, notwithstanding this, 
 it has lived on through struggles and civic discords, until the 
 value of its property is now of handsome proportions. It is 
 not known to everyone, but none should be ignorant, that 
 Broadway, the most beautiful and convenient thorough-fare in 
 the City, was conceived and dedicated to the public by the 
 
UNIVERSITY OF NASHVILLE. 415 
 
 trustees of "Davidson Academy." In 1804, a building forty by 
 forty- five feet large, was built on "College Hill," at a cost of $10,890. 
 Rev. Thos. Craighead was continued at the head of the school till 
 October, 1809, the last two years and three months as President of 
 Cumberland College, when Dr. James Priestley was unanimously 
 elected to that office, and was regularly installed as President on 
 the 30th of January, 1810. 
 
 Dr. Priestley was a very eminent graduate of Liberty Hall, now 
 the famous Washington College, of Virginia. A thoroughly learned 
 man, in a few years he made his mark indelibly upon the genius of 
 the State; and so long as Bell, Foster and Turley are remembered 
 among the worthies of Tennessee, so long will Priestley's name shine 
 as a star of first magnitude. Yet, in the short space of ten years, 
 Cumberland College was suspended for want of funds, to make a 
 second fitful efiort at life under the same distinguished man, a few 
 years later. After an interval of eight years, we again find a select 
 and noble-minded few, represented by the Trimbles, Nichols, Yeat- 
 mans, Ewings, &c., &c., of that day, plucking up courage to start 
 again, and the 24th of December, 1824, marked the arrival, in our 
 City, of one mightier than his predecessor — "a giant in intellect." 
 It was in the person of Rev. Phillip Lindsley, D. D., formerly Pres- 
 ident of Princeton College, New Jersey. He was inaugurated Presi- 
 dent of the College with much pomp and ceremony, on January 12th, 
 1825. His address, delivered on the occasion, was a noble effort, 
 and was regarded as auspicious of an eminently useful and brilliant 
 career. The corporate name of the College was changed in 1826 to 
 "The University of Nashville." For twenty-six years Dr. Linds- 
 ley continued at the head of the institution, until October 1850, 
 when he resigned. His death occurred a short while after. That 
 he was successful as an educater, ninfeen hundred of his disciples 
 have testified. But it remains not with us to attempt an account of 
 his brilliant achievements, that work has been most beautifully and 
 exquisitely portrayed by his biographer. Rev. Leroy J. Halsey, D. 
 D., Professor in the Theological ^'^eminary of the North-west, and 
 whom we have had occasion to quote before. Dr. Halsey, in speak, 
 ng of the effects of Dr. Lindsley's administration, says : "We have 
 no citizenship at Nashville; and hence can not be accused of par- 
 tiality in what we are about to say. But of all we have seen and 
 known, we may safely say, there is no city west of the mountains 
 which seems to us so justly entitled to be called the Athens of the 
 West, as Nashville. And for that distinction, we think there is no 
 
416 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 man to whom Nashville is so much indebted as Dr. Lindsley. If 
 any man ever made his mark, deep and ineffaceable, upon a place 
 and people, he made it at Nashville. We say this, too, with a full 
 knowledge and appreciation of the eminent labors of his compeers 
 and predecessors. There were many faithful laborers with him, and 
 before him, whose names the people of Nashville will not willingly 
 let die — serving well their generation in all the walks of life — Priestly, 
 Hume, Jennings, "VVeller, Trimble, Laurence, Troost, Hamilton, 
 Stevens, Berry, Craighead, Crutcher, Porter, Yeatraan, AVoods, 
 Shelby, McGavock, Ewing, Foster, Nichol, McNairy, Gibbs, Robert- 
 son, Roane, Overton, Rutledge, Hunt, Tannehill, Campbell, Polk, 
 Grundy, Fletcher, Cannon, Carrol, Jackson, and many others — all 
 intimately associated with the reputation of the City abroad, and her 
 prosperity at home. But among these honored and eminent citizens, 
 we doubt not that for deep, wide and lasting influence, the foremost 
 place is due to Dr. Lindsley." 
 
 Continuing our history of the University, we learn that, in 1850, 
 after having acquired honor and fame abroad, throughout America, 
 and not unknown in Europe, through her graduates and professors, 
 the doors of the noble old institution were closed for want of a few 
 thousand dollars, per annum, to make up deficiency in the salaries of 
 such distinguished and erudite educators as Gen. Alex P. Stewart, 
 Nathaniel Cross and Gerard Troost. Immediately after this closure. 
 Doctors John M. Watson, A. H. Buchanan, W. K. Bowling, Chas. 
 K. Winston, Robert M. Porter and John Berien Lindsley, met and 
 organized the famous Medical School of Nashville, or as it is right- 
 fully termed, the jNIedical Department of the University of Nash- 
 ville. This School has grown and kept pace with the times until it 
 now embraces among its Alumni some of the brightest medical talent 
 to be found in the cities lying between the Ohio River and the Gulf 
 of Mexico. The faculty, composed of the distinguished half-dozen 
 mentioned above, and with subsequent eminent additions, in the per- 
 sons of Professor Paul F. Eve, M. D., Thos. R. Jennings, M. D., 
 and Jos. Jones, M. D., soon gathered strength, and caused rival in- 
 stitutions to quake with fear at the thought of its popularity. And, to- 
 day, what the University of Pennsylvania is to the East, so has the 
 University of Nashville become to the South and South-west. 
 
 In 1853, the splendid University Buildings that crown the apex 
 of the hill overlooking the City on the south side, and fronting on 
 South Market Street and Lindsley Avenue, were begun under very 
 favorable auspices, and were designed for the Literary Department of 
 
UNIVEESITY OF NASHVILLE. 417 
 
 the University of Nashville. On the 7th of April, of that year, 
 the corner-stone was laid, amid much pomp and splendor. At day- 
 light, cannon were fired, and about noon a grand procession formed) 
 composed of amateur militaiy companies, from half-a-dozen counties 
 adjoining Nashville, and a vast crowd of ladies and gentlemen, who> 
 Avith bands of music playing and banners fluttering in the breeze, 
 presented a gorgeous pageant as they marched through the streets of 
 the City. Arrived on the beautiful campus that surrounds the Uni- 
 versity, a most eloquent address was spoken by the late Hon. John 
 A. McEwen, of Nashville, auguring much success for the undertak- 
 ing. From Mr. McEwen's address we make the following beautiful 
 extract, relative to the success of the parent institution : 
 
 "The University now numbers more than four hundred Alumni 
 To these she may point, in her maternal pride, and be satisfied. In 
 vain will wt search among similar catalogues for names more distin- 
 guished in all the honorable and lofty walks of life. Many have been 
 already enrolled among the nomina clara of the Republic, while 
 others are still struggling up the rugged path, with hearts of steel 
 and intellects of fire. In what post of service and of honor have 
 not stood these sons of this Alma Mater? The light of victory has 
 glanced from their swords ou the field where nations fight; the 
 bench and the bar have borrowed dignity and authority from their 
 wisdom and eloquence; the Senate has thrilled with the fire of their 
 patriotism and oratory ; the Cabinet has been swayed by their pure 
 counsel; the Foreign mission has commanded and esteemed their 
 diplomatic talents; and the State of Tennessee has blushed with 
 pride, never with shame, at the possession of so noble representatives 
 of her spirit and fame. Thus, to send forth four hundred missiona- 
 ries to defend and promote the cause of truth, patriotism and letters, 
 many of whom have reflected honor upon the high mission, is a ser- 
 vice that deserves well of the Republic." 
 
 By October, 1854, the buildings were completed, and are among 
 the finest and best appointed of their class in the South. Situated 
 almost in the center of a splendid campus of 16 acres in extent, they 
 present to the eye a scene at once suggestive of their comfort and 
 adaptability, not to say pleasure, as a College site. The Ccllege, pro- 
 per, is a magnificent stone edifice, built in the most improved and 
 substantial Gothic College style, having a center building and two 
 wings about 225 feet front, and 100 feet depth in the center, and 60 
 
 feet depth in each of the wings. The buttresses are built of thr 
 27 
 
418 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 most substantial Tennessee limestone, and the windows, in the en- 
 tire structure, are square. The building is two stories high. Each 
 story is divided up into a number of large rooms, which are used re- 
 spectively as recitation and lecture halls, society, library and museum 
 rooms, and for other purposes, needful in a well ordered College. 
 
 Such were the magnificent grounds and buildings when completed, 
 and the Literary Department of the University of Nashville was re- 
 opened with much good will fr )m the people. But, in spite of all 
 this, in less than one year it proved a failure, being unable to with- 
 stand the competition of the City Free Schools. 
 
 In 1855, through the energetic efforts of R. C. Foster, 3d, and the 
 liberality of some thirty public-sj)irited citizens, the Literary Depart- 
 ment was again re-opened, but upon the military plan as to dress, 
 discipline and exercise. Gen. Bushrod R. Johnson, a distinguished 
 graduate of West Point, and a thorough disciplinarian and educator, 
 was made Superintendent.* The military system "took like a flash," 
 to use a commonplace expression. The pride of the chivalric youths 
 of the South was made to become perfected in the " pomp and cir- 
 cumstance of martial life, without having to go through the '• red- 
 tape" system of West Point, In a few years the number of cadets 
 grew to several hundred. And, as \^'as afterwards demonstrated, the 
 scheme was a stupendous display of philosophic wisdom ; for how 
 opportune was it when the clash of arms did come, that the cadets of 
 LTniversity Hill had learned to point a cannon, or to direct with j)re- 
 cision the movements of squadrons, while pursuing the civilian's 
 studies. And, as to the military knowledge or skill acquired there, 
 who doubts it? When all the brilliiuit deeds, w^iich, during a four 
 year's struggle, illustrated, in bloody pictures, a thousand miles of 
 battle-field are duly gathered and treasured up in the annals of our 
 nation, the names of the thousand or more Elves of the I'^ashviHe 
 Military College, boys, though most of them were, will shine forth con- 
 spicuously bright. During the years ]862, '63, '64 and '65, the 
 spacious grounds and buildings of the Military Institute were occu- 
 pied as two immense army hospitals. 
 
 This, in brief, is the history of the University of Nashville. 
 
 We shall now take up each School as it appears to-day, and be- 
 gin first with 
 
 "■■Gen, Johnson prior to coining to Nashville, was Superintendent of the " Wester-n 
 Military Institute," located in Kentucky. An erroneous impression prevails to flris 
 day, that when he took charge of the Nashville School its name was also changed. 
 
liii¥€f illy ®l Kasi^lll©* 
 
 DEPARTMENT OP MEDICINE AND SUEGERY. 
 
 <L^»7'4».3^fl. 
 
 IP J^ O TJ Xj T -Y" : 
 
 WILLIAM K. BOWLING, M. D. 
 
 Professor ol' the Theory and Praetiee of Medicine. 
 
 CHARLES K. WINSTON, M. D. 
 
 Professor of Obstetrics, and Diseases of Women and Children. 
 
 J. BERRIEN LINDSLEY, M. D. 
 
 Professor of Chemistry, 
 
 WILLIAM T. BRiaG«, M. D. 
 
 Professor of Surger}^. 
 
 THOMAS L. MADDIN, M. D. 
 
 Professor of the Institutes of Medicine. 
 
 WILLIAM L. NICHOL, M. D. 
 
 Professor of Clinical Medicine and Diseases of the Chest. 
 
 JOHN H, OALLENDER, M, D. 
 
 Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 
 
 THOMAS B, BUCHANAN, M. D, 
 Professor of Anatomy. 
 
 VAN S, LINDSLEY, M. D. 
 
 Professor of Surgical Anatomy. 
 
 HENRY M. COMPTON, M, D, 
 
 Demonstrator of Anatomy. 
 
 WILLIAM J. SNEED, M, D. 
 
 Prosector to the Chair of Surgery. 
 
 The twenf5'-flrst Course of Lectures in this Institution will coniTnence on the first 
 day of November next, and continue until the flrst of the ensuing March. 
 
 A Prelimixary Course of Lectures, free to all students, will be given by the Pro 
 fessors, commencing on the first Monday of October. 
 
 Tlie Anatomical Rooms will be opened for students on the first Monday of October 
 Special attention is paid to tliis department, so that the facilities for the study of urac- 
 tical Anatomy are not surpassed anywhere. i' ^ 
 
 For Clinical instruction, 1)oth Medical and Surgical, ample provision is made bv 
 the establishment of St. Vincent's Hospital, near the College, and under the f>ontrol 
 of the Professors. ' 
 
 Boarding in good liouses $1 to $5 a week. 
 For additional information apply to 
 
 J. BERRIEN LINDSLEY. M. D. 
 
 I>EA.N OF THE FACUJLTT, 
 
 419 
 
420 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 THE MEDICAL DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The building occupied by the Medical Department occupies an en- 
 lire square in the Southern portion of the City. The property con- 
 sists of three acres, cut off from all neighbors on its four ends by as 
 many streets. On the North by Franklin, on the South by Priestly, 
 East by Market, and West by College. The main front is 180 feet 
 long, and faces toward Franklin Street. This front is broken by the 
 center of 45 feet, projecting 12 feet, and presenting an attic in con- 
 trast with the right and left wings, whose attics look towards College 
 and Market Streets. The depth of the building is 75 feet. The 
 first story of the center building is of hewn stone ; the remaining 
 three stories are of brick. The wings are of brick, upon a high, hewn 
 stone foundation. In one of the wings are the " Hall," and a Lec- 
 ture Room beautifully finished, and capable of seating 500 students 
 comfortably. The ceiling is twenty feet from the floor. Over this 
 room, and of the same size, is the Amphitheater. There are two 
 broad stairways leading to these rooms from a vestibule 15 feet wide, 
 40 feet high, and 65 feet long. This is the west wing. In the east 
 wing, on the first floor, is the Chemical Lecture Room of the same 
 size of the Hall, and certainly among the handsomest Lecture Rooms 
 in the United States. Over this room is the Celebrated Museum, 
 among the finest in the world, so pronounced by three hundred Sur- 
 geons representing the civilized world who visited it during the late war. 
 
 In its vast collection of thousands of specimens, it embraces some of 
 the rarest and most curious Anatomical, Physiological, Chemical, Pa- 
 thological and Geological subjects to be found in North America- 
 The Museum is open to visitors. 
 
 The center building is divided by a central aisle on each floor, and 
 
 cut up into Professors' rooms, rooms for Practical Chemistry and 
 Practical Anatomy, Printing Press, Bindery, servants' rooms, etc. 
 
 The present Faculty is composed of the following gentlemen : — 
 William K. Bowling, M. D., Professor of the Theory and Practice of 
 Medicine; Charles K. Winston, M. D., Professor of Obstetrics, and 
 Diseases of Women and Children ; J. Berrien Lindsley, M. D., Pro- 
 fessor of Chemisty ; William T. Briggs, M. D., Professor of Surgery ; 
 Thomas L. Maddin, M. D., Professor of the Institutes of Medicine . 
 William L. Nichol, M. D., Professor of Clinical Medicine and Diseases 
 of the Chest ; John H. Callender, M. D., Professor of Materia Me- 
 dica and Therapeutics ; Thomas B. Buchanan, M. D., Professor of 
 Anatomy ; Van S. Lindsley, M. D., Professor of Surgical Anatomy; 
 
UNIVERSITY OF NASHVILLE. 421 
 
 Henry M. Compton, M. J)., Demonstrator of Anatomy ; AVilliam J. 
 Sneed, M. D., Prosector to the Chair of Surgery.* J. Berrien Linds- 
 ley, INI. D., is Dean of the Faculy of the Medical Department, and 
 Chancellor of the University of Nashville. 
 
 , The following is a synopsis of Matriculates and Graduates since the 
 birth of the Medical Department: 
 
 Date. Session. Matriculates. Graduates. 
 
 1851-2 First 121 33 
 
 1852-3 Second 152 36 
 
 1853-4 Third 220 71 
 
 1854-5 Fourth 294 93 
 
 1855-6 Fifth 339 85 
 
 1856-7 Sixth 410 137 ' 
 
 1857-8 Seventh 353 109 
 
 1858-9 Eighth 436 103 
 
 1859-60 Xiuth 456 101 
 
 1860-1 Tenth 399 141 
 
 1861-2 Eleventh 102 24 
 
 1862-3 Twelfth 32 9 
 
 1863-4 Thirteenth 45 15 
 
 1864 Fourteenth 33 11 
 
 1864-5 Fifteenth 75 27 
 
 1865-6 Sixteenth 128 54 
 
 1866-7 Seventeenth 192 56 
 
 1867-8 Eighteenth 209 S3 
 
 1868-9 Nineteenth 201 71 
 
 1869-70 Twentieth 200 (about) 57 
 
 Total 4497 1316 
 
 THE LAW DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Although in an embryo state, having only begun during tlie past 
 Fall, yet the Law Department of the University of Nashville gives 
 much promise of future success, and we expect at no very remote 
 day, to see the extent of its fame commensurate with that of the great 
 Medical Department. Its Lecture Rooms are located in the spacious 
 University Buildings. The advantages of Nashville as the location 
 of a Law School, are obvious and important. Some one or more of 
 the various Courts of Law and Equity tor the County of Davidson 
 are always in sessions during the terms of the School, and afford daily 
 opportunities of witnessing the forensic skill in the management of 
 causes, and the forensic ability in the argument of legal questions, of 
 one of the ablest Bars in the South. In addition, the Supreme Court 
 of the State holds its session here every Winter, from the first Mon- 
 
 *Dr. Paul F. Eve h.is recently been added to the Faculty as Professcr of Optt.itive and Clinical 
 SU'gery— making in all, ten Profeaeors. . 
 
422 NASHVILLE AXD HEE TRADE. 
 
 day in December to the middle of February. This Court takes up 
 in succession, the dockets of the different Judicial Circuits in Middle 
 Tennessee, and brings together the lawyers from the various counties. 
 The Federal Court also holds here, both Spring and Fall sessions; 
 and at every term presents to the inquisitive student an instance of 
 some one of the important class of cases belonging exclusively to 
 Federal jurisdiction. The bi-ennial sessions of the Legislature affords 
 still other fields for observation. The inquisitive student may easily 
 learn, at the same time, how laws are made, and how they are con- 
 strued. He is brought in contact with the first intellects of his pro- 
 fession, and with the distinguished men from all parts of the State ; 
 and his own mind, aside from all positive instruction, will naturally 
 expand with his situation and his opportunities. Of these, one of 
 peculiar importance is the unrestrained access to the great Law and 
 Miscellaneous Library of the State at the Capitol. 
 
 The sagacity of Chancellor Liudsley in securing such distingtin- 
 guished and learned gentlemen as constitute the Law Faculty, can- 
 not be too highly commended. The Faculty at present consists of 
 the following gentlemen : 
 
 Edward H. East, Chair of Equity Jurisprudence, Equity Plead- 
 ing and Practice. Nathaniel Baxter, Chair of Common Law, and 
 specially — 1st. Domestic Relations ; 2. Torts ; 3d. Law of Real and 
 Personal Property; 4th. Bailments; 5th. Administration. John C. 
 Thompson, Chair of Common Law, and specially — 1st. Pleading and 
 Practice ; 2d. Evidence ; 3d. Contracts ; 4th. Commercial Law, in- 
 cluding Negotiable and Assignal)le Paper Partnership, Insurance ; 
 oth. Common Carriers. John H. Callender, M. D., Chair of Medical 
 Jurisprudence. 
 
 THE MONTGOMERY BELL ACADEMY. 
 
 This institution had its origin in a bequest of twenty thousand 
 dollars, by the late Montgomery Bell, well known in this State as a 
 successful iron manufacturer. This sum was placed in the hands of 
 the Trustees of the University of Nashville, before the late war, and 
 in September, 1867, had, by judicious investment, amounted to forty- 
 six thousand dollars. The Trustees of the University having at 
 their disposal, ample grounds and buildings, determined to locate the 
 school in them, and thus connect it with the University, as a Prepara- 
 tory School. Accordingly, two small rooms were fitted up, and the 
 School opened, September 9, 1867, with twenty-six pupils, under the 
 charge of J. L. Ewell, who had formerly been a teacher of Classics 
 
UNIVERSITY OF NASHVILLE. 423 
 
 in our City High School, but more recently Professor of Latin in 
 Washington University, St. Louis, as Principal of the High School, 
 and M. S. Snow, who resigned the position of Principal of the City 
 High School, to take that of Principal of the Grammar School De- 
 ]>artment of the Academy. The School grew in numbers and in 
 f-ivor, and the first annual session closed with seventy-four names on 
 the school register. In June, 1868, Mr. Ewell resigned, to engage in 
 the study of theology, in Andover, Massachusetts, and Mr. Snow was 
 elected to fill the vacancy thus made. A. D. Wharton, Principal of 
 the City High School, was elected as Principal of the Grammar 
 School and teacher of Mathematics; and F. N. Judson, teacher of 
 Classics in the City High School, as teacher of Greek. The School 
 reopened in September, 1868, with one hundred and five pupils, 
 which number was increased largely during the year. In October, 
 1868, another teacher was found necessary, and John A. Owen, Prin- 
 cipal of the Howard City School, was elected. In January, 1869, 
 S. M. D. Clark was also elected Instructor in the Grammar School^ 
 In June, 1869, A. DeCastro was elected Instructor in French. The 
 Faculty of the Academy at present, is as follows: M. S. Snow, A.M., 
 Principal of High School and Professor of Latin; A. D. Wharton, 
 U. S. X. A., Professor of Mathematics; F. X. Judson, A.M., Pro- 
 fessor of Greek ; John A. Owen, Principal of Grammar School ; S. 
 M. D. Clark, A. M., Instructor in Grammar School; A. DeCastro, 
 Instructor in French. 
 
 The interest of the fund, according to the terms of the bequest, ed- 
 ucates, free of tuition, twenty-five boys, selected for their ability, 
 deserving character and need of assistance. The preference is given 
 in the will of Mr. Bell to ten boys from Davidson County, and from 
 Montgomery, Williamson and Dixon Counties, five each. Thus per- 
 manency is secured to the School ; for twenty-five boys are to be edu- 
 cated as long as the building stands. 
 
 In the Academy proper are two departments — Grammar and High 
 Schools — the course in each occupying three years. In the latter are 
 both English and Classical courses to suit those who wish to prejJare 
 for the College classes or for business. 
 
 The Trustees, during the last Summer, opened Freshman and 
 Sophomore classes in the Collegiate Department; and the full course 
 of four years will be in operation as soon as the demand for it is felt. 
 In October, 1864, a Primary Department was opened to accommo- 
 date those who are too young to enter the Grammar School. The 
 friends of this institution cannot but be satisfied with its growth and 
 
424 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 prosperity. From a small school of twenty-six pupils, with two 
 teachers, it has grown, in two years and a half, until its number, in all 
 its branches, is now one hundred and seventy, with a corps of seven 
 teachers. The rooms are furnished in a manner not surpassed, as re- 
 gards convenience and comfort, not to say elegance, by any in the 
 country. All the floors are covered with heavy cocoa matting; the 
 turuiture is of oiled walnut; and blackboard and map accommodations 
 are of the most ample kinds. 
 
 W. E. Ward's Seminary for Young Ladies. 
 
 This very excellent institution of learning, devoted to the culture 
 and thorough education of young ladies, and which stands as an ob- 
 ject of pride and admiration, not only to the citizens of Nashville, but 
 of the entire South, is located at No. 15 South Spruce Street, in one 
 of the most central, yet retired, healthful and pleasant portions of our 
 city. It was founded in September, 1865, by its present Principal, 
 Rev. W. E. Ward, an eminent and learned educator, aided by a corps 
 of experienced and carefully selected adjunct teachers. In January, 
 1868, it received a charter from the General Assembly of the State of 
 Tennessee. Perhaps no similar institution on the American Conti- 
 nent can present a record of more rapid and unmistakable prosperity ; 
 and by the generous appreciation and patronage of an enlightened 
 public, its success is now firmly established. Beginning at a time 
 when the din of arms was yet resounding in our ears, and the convul- 
 sive throes incident upon the close of a severe civil strife, were yet 
 unhealed — when parents hardly felt secure in permitting their cher- 
 ished daughters to go beyond sight or hearing — Mr. Ward has gath- 
 ered under his fostering care and personal attention, hundreds of 
 young ladies from all parts of the South, whose educational advan- 
 tages had been seriously impaired by four years' neglect; and as a 
 result of his labors, as each succeeding year rolled by, has dispatched 
 from his Seminary a legion of bright and brilliant minds, well 
 schooled and cultured in domestic, substantial and ornamental arts 
 and accomplishments, many of whom now adorn and honor the 
 ranks of Southern society, in every State from the Potomac to the 
 Rio Grande. To use the words of the Principal : " The idea cher- 
 ished is, that, in order to refine young ladies, they must live and move 
 in a refined atmosphere. Everything addressing the senses or per- 
 ceptions should be refining. This accomplished, and with thorough 
 instruction in books, it is reasonable that a young lady, in the course 
 
a? s: ysr te lir je; jm. ss. s c^:^ esv/c:;c7K: 
 
 . E. WARD'S 
 
 FOR 
 
 YOUNG ladie; 
 
 A. SCHOOL UP AVITH THE A.GE! 
 
 THE FINEST SCHOOL BUILDING in tlie STATE. 
 
 The Plan of this School is as Extensive and the Course as Complete as any similar 
 school in the United States. 
 
 ENGLISH AND ALL SCIENCE, 
 
 FRENCH STUDIED AND SPOKEN DAILY, 
 
 LATIN AND GREEK WITHOUT CHARGE, 
 DRAWING AND PAINTING, 
 
 MUSIC IN EVERY STYLE. 
 PIANOS, NEW AND SUPERIOR, 
 
 BOARDING AND ROOMS, FIRST CLASS, 
 EXERCISE REQUIRED DAILY, 
 
 FILTERED WATER FOR DRINKING. 
 
 Nashville, a quiet, healthful, highly cultivated and growing city, accessible to all parts 
 
 of the South. 
 
 W. E. WARD, Principal. 
 
 425 
 
426 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 of several years' residence, will be accomplished. The plan of this 
 School is as extensive, and the course as complete, as any similar 
 school in the United States. The full meaning of the word edu- 
 cate is desired to be shown — the drawing out of all the powers, men- 
 tal, moral and aesthetic. The work is thorough, and its accomplish- 
 ment pleasing to a conscientious mind. One day spent here, from 
 room to room, where large classes are quietly resolving the difficulties 
 of English scholarship, or in Latin or Greek, or in French, or in the 
 Music Rooms, where everything new and old in the wonderful art is 
 coming forth, or in the Painting Room, where beautiful forms of fact 
 or fancy are fixed on canvass — one such day would be edifying to any 
 parent." But, perhaps, after all, the large increase in the number of 
 scholars for each successive year, will be the better mode of determin- 
 ing its success. Therefore, we append below a list of scholars and 
 graduates, as per published catalogues: 
 
 Scliohirs. Graduates. 
 
 18(35-G 170 14 
 
 1866-7 270 31 
 
 1867-8 288 21 
 
 1868-9 300 47 
 
 Total scholars 1,028 Total graduates 113 
 
 For the present year, (1869-70,) there is a very considerable in- 
 crease, and the number of pupils is now 325. At present, there are 
 eighteen teachers employed in the various departments, as follows: 
 In Literary Department, eight ; in Music, seven; in French, one; in 
 German, one; in Painting, one. 
 
 Of the number of graduates given above, fourteen have found 
 employment as teachers in other schools and colleges throughout the 
 South. 
 
 The Seminary Buildings, which were originally designed as an ele- 
 gant palatial residence, but which have been greatly enlarged and 
 otherwise improved by Mr. Ward, are valued at $50,000, They rise 
 to an altitude of four stories, and are both magnificent and bccmtiful 
 in their architecture. Supplied with all modern appurtenances, such 
 as gas and water in each room, with a perfect system of ventilation 
 throughout the building, fifteen-feet ceilings in the bedrooms, two 
 hundred feet of galleries for physical exercise in bad weather, a spa- 
 cious dining-hall, and splendid chapel supplied with the new style 
 walnut desks, conducive both to health and comfort, beside a large 
 play-ground for the young ladies, attached, these premises have cer- 
 tainly but few equals, and scarcely a superior in the North or South. 
 
ST. Cecilia's academy. 427 
 
 In adclition to the above, the Chemical and Philosophical appara- 
 tuses arc unsurpassed^ while the opportunities and facilities for Art 
 Culture will soon be unapproached by any rival institution West of 
 the Alleghanies. Already, the Picture Galleries of the Seminary are 
 adorned by the productions of young geniuses, guided by thorough 
 instructors. A valuable acquisition has recently been made to the 
 Faculty, in the engagement of the services of Miss Julia A. Spear, 
 formerly a teacher in the Baltimore Academy of Fine Arts ; also, at 
 Tuskcgee College, South Alabama; but for the past seven years, of 
 the Judson Institute, Marion, Alabama. 
 
 The course of study embraces eight years — four in the Preparatory, 
 and four in the Collegiate Department — during which time, all the 
 ])ranclies of English, including Literature, History, Arts and the 
 Sciences are taught, together with Latin, French and German — the 
 two latter orally — besides Music, Drawing, Painting and fine Needle- 
 work. There ai'e, at present, upwards of eighty boarders; and the 
 matriculations for the past year embrace representatives from nine 
 States and one Territory, as follows: Tennessee, Kentucky, Georgia, 
 Florida, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas and the 
 Choctaw Nation. 
 
 St. Cecilia's Academy. 
 
 This institution of learning, under the control of the Sisters of the 
 Dominican Order, was founded in the year 1860. It is situated at 
 Mount Vernon, about one and a half miles north-west of the city, 
 and is connected with the interior portion of the city by the Mc- 
 Gavock and Mount Vernon Street Railroad, which stops within a 
 short distance of the Academy. The picturesque beauty of the ele- 
 vated site it occupies, commanding a distinct view of the city, with its 
 Capitol and towering steeples, of Edgefield, with its beautiful resi- 
 dences, and of the Cumberland Ixiver, stretching at its foot for more 
 than three miles, and of the surrounding landscape; the ample ac- 
 commodations and educational facilities, but particularly its medicinal 
 waters — these render the St. Cecilia's Academy all that parents could 
 wish for in a school for their daughters. In addition to other advan- 
 tages, there is a fine spring of chalybeate water on the premises, the 
 use of which all physicians unite in saying is conducive to health ; 
 and as if in confirmation thereof, the Academy has never as yet lost a 
 single scholar from death, whilst there. The grounds at St. Cecilia's 
 also might be mentioned among its attractions, affording, as they do. 
 
428 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 such excellent opportunities for physical exercise. The flower gar- 
 dens and lawns and walks here, are positively delightful, and afford a 
 striking contrast to pent-up quarters in the city. 
 
 The attendance at St. Cecilia during the present year — although 
 not as large as in its palmier days, yet is fast increasing over the last 
 few years preceding — will approximate fifty pupils. Mother Ann 
 Hanlon, is the Mother Superior of St. Cecilia's, and is assisted by a 
 corps of seven adjunct teachers. The course of instruction here in- 
 cludes not only a thorough knowledge of English, but at option, 
 French, German and the Ancient Languages, Music on piano, harp 
 and guitar, Painting, Embroidery, fine Needle-work, etc. 
 
 ST. Bernard's academy. 
 
 The Chapel of St. Bernard's Academy and the residence of the 
 Sisters of Our Lady of Mercy, is located on Cedar Street, immediate- 
 ly in front of the State Capitol, in one of the most eligible, central 
 and commanding portions of the City. The building is of brick, and 
 was constructed as a residence for one of our wealthiest families, con- 
 sequently is convenient, airy and comfortable. That portion of the 
 property owned by the Church is 110 by 170 feet large, and includes 
 fronts both on Cedar and Vine Streets. It was purchased for $27,000. 
 The school is, at present, under the excellent charge of Mother Clare, 
 assisted by twelve accomplished Sisters in the educational department. 
 It is quite flourishing, and has on an average from eighty to one hun- 
 dred scholars. It is known as a select school. 
 
 ST. Mary's parochial school. 
 
 This school is situated on Vine Street, opposite the West front of 
 the State Capitol. It was built in 1866-67, and is decidedly one of 
 the neatest buildings used for school purposes in the City. It is 
 three stories high, one hundred and forty feet long by forty feet in 
 the clear, and has been constructed in the latest style of school archi- 
 tecture, with a commanding tower or observatory gracing its east 
 front. The entire property, including yards, play-ground, etc., is 
 one hundred and thirty by one hundred and eighty feet large, and 
 cost about $47,000. The female and junior male departments of the 
 school are under the charge of the Sisters of Mercy, and the senior 
 male department is under charge of Mr. Leonard. 
 
PRIVATE SCHOOLS AND ACADEMIES. 429 
 
 Private Schools and Academies. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, there are in the City and vicinity, a 
 number of first-class private schools, male and female, well patron- 
 ized, -well conducted and highly useful, all faithfully contributing to 
 the educational influence and renown of the City. The most promi- 
 nent of these are the following : 
 
 Edgefield Seminary for Young Ladies, occupies McClure's Hall, 
 Woodland Street, Edgefield, between Oak and Barrow Streets. Mrs. 
 Henri Weber, Principal, Mr. Henri Weber, Professor of Music. In 
 addition, the seminary has a full corps of assistants, and has earned 
 an enviable reputation for the thorough instruction given. 
 
 Select School for Young Ladies. — Misses O'Bryan, Teachers, No. 17 
 ^IcLemore Street — former location of the Protestant Orphan Asylum. 
 
 Russell Street Acadmvy for Boys, is on Russell Street, Edgefield, 
 between Hickory and Oak. A. C. Cartwright, is Principal. 
 
 HugJtes' Academy for Boys. — G. D.Hughes, Principal, is at Hob- 
 son's Chapel, Edgefield. 
 
 There are also in the City, several Commercial Schools, Phono- 
 graphic Schools, Dancing Academies, etc. They are located as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 Earhari's Comm/rcial College. — H. P. Earhnrt, Principal, occupies 
 the fourth floor of the Masonic Temple, Church Street. It is a 
 branch and offspring of the extensive firm — Bryant, Stratton & Sey- 
 mour. Book-kee})ing — and the various branches of Commercial in- 
 struction are given here. Sessions both day and night. 
 
 Dolbear's Commercial College. — J. W. Dolbear, Principal, No. 39 
 North Cherry Street. Commercial Book-keeping, Phonography, 
 Pennmanship, etc., are taught here. Classes, both day and night. 
 
 Da Mond's Dancing Academy. — Chas. Da Mond, Teacher, Con- 
 cordia Building, corner Cedar and Cherry Streets. 
 
 Goodwin's Dancing Academy. — Miss Eliza A. Goodwin, Principal. 
 Hall corner Vine and Cluirch Streets. 
 
 Fisk Colored University, is located on Knowles Street, between 
 Church and Hines. 
 
CHURCHES AXD RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONS. 
 
 As, in everything else, we liave been able to show the prominence 
 of our favored City, so, too, in the relation which she bears toward 
 the Church of God ; and the interest her citizens manifest and have 
 manifested in religious affairs, can we report most favorably. The 
 existence of such a spirit at once stamps the moral character and ex- 
 cellence of her people, and the devotees of religion in other quarters 
 will rejoice to learn that in " laving up for themselves treasures on 
 earth," our people have not surrendered to a sordid lust for gain ; that 
 instead of the temple of worship they do not resort to the " Ex- 
 change," where the ledger is held the sacred book and household gods 
 are converted into money investments. Satisfied with the stream, 
 they have not forgotten the fountain, engrossed with the augmenta- 
 tion of mercantile resources they have not become blind to the pri- 
 mary, originating source of whatever is desirable on earth, and the 
 stranger will find that the same piety which erected here the ancient 
 " Stone Church" in the days of the City's infancy, has diffused itself 
 and kept pace with its rapid increase. And as a Church-going and 
 Church-loving people, Nashville, to-day, in proportion to her inhabi- 
 tants, is second to but few, if any cities of the Union. In every 
 ■ quarter of the City, the spires of her churches pierce the clouds, and 
 visitors here have often remarked that the memory of a IS'ashville 
 Sabbath formed a picture " on the sacred walls of the soul's cabinet," 
 hung up and framed, and not easily displaced. 
 
 In justice to ourself, before passing to an account of the Cluu'ches, 
 we desire to state that, with an impartial pen, we have endeavored to 
 record their rise and progress. We do not attempt an account of 
 their several and peculiar modes of worship, dogmas of faith, etc., 
 
EELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 431 
 
 and have rather avoided such. If, however, a word should be drop- 
 ped not exactly in accordance -with the reader's views, consider the 
 difficulty a writer experiences in "writing up" half a dozen different 
 religious denominations, and of the liability of "getting things 
 mixed," and criticise accordingly. 
 
 Methodist Churches. 
 
 The birth of the Methodist Church in Xashville occurred about 
 the year 1780, in the form of a Methodist Society of which Gen. 
 James Robertson was one of the first members. This society was 
 organized through the instrumentality of Rev. "Wilson Lee, one of 
 the very first INIethodist I'reachers that ever came to this section of 
 country. According to the records of that day, " It met for preach- 
 ing and social meetings, at Mr. Hodges," some three miles west of 
 the city. The first Methodist Church in America, it is stated, was 
 built in Xew York, in 17G8 or 17()9 ; and the first regular conference 
 was hold in Philadelphia, in June, 1773. In 1787, Rev. Beuj. 
 Ogden M-as appointed by this Conference as a missionary to "Cum- 
 berland Circuit," which embraced in its territory the present city of 
 Xashville. Thus, the reader will perceive, that, though formally 
 organized into a conference in 1773, by 1787 the Methodists were 
 preaching in " forts and block houses," where Xashville now stands. 
 Mr. Ogden was the contemporary of Rev. Thomas B. Craighead, of 
 the Presbyterian Church, both having arrived here within a short 
 time of each other. These were desperate times, and the Indians 
 were thick and hostile in the wilderness that then surrounded what 
 was to be the future Capitol of Tennessee. Those who attended 
 church went armed, not knowing what moment they would be at- 
 tacked and massacred. The first Methodist Church built in Xash- 
 ville was in 1789 or 1790.* It was a stone building, and stood about 
 where the Public Square now is. In 1790, Barnabas McHenry, 
 James Haw and Peter ISIassia, were the preachers on the Cumber- 
 land Circuit. During the years 1792, 1793 and 1794, the war with 
 the Cherokee Indians was raging, but terminated in the Spring of 
 1795, and, as a matter of course. Church matters were at a stand- 
 still. Xashville, at that time, was in what was called " Mero District," 
 which comprised, what is now the counties of Davidson, Sumner and 
 
 *An error in our "Historical Sketch" gives the date of erection of tliis buikling as 
 1796. 
 
432 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Robertson. In 1795, Rev. Wm. Burke was appointed to the charge 
 of Cumberland Circuit, embracing "Mero District," etc. 1797, 
 Rev. John Kobler was the Circuit rider. In those days, it was an 
 uncommon thing to continue a minister any considerable time, but 
 Mr. Kobler remained at Nashville, or hereabouts, five or six years; 
 or, at least, had his headquarters here, for he was an itinerant preacher. 
 During the year 1800, Bishop Asbury made his first visit to Nash- 
 ville, and created quite a sensation in the "settlement." Rev. John 
 Page, a most remarkable man for those days, was on the Circuit in 
 1801 and 1802, and in 1803 was the Presiding Elder. Rev. Lewis 
 Garrett, Sr., was the Presiding Elder in 1804, and in the year follow- 
 ing. Jacob Lurton and Moses Si^eer were here as visiting preachers. 
 The name of the "Nashville Circuit" first appears in 1806, the de- 
 partment having hitherto been designated as the Cumberland Circuit. 
 Rev. Jesse Walker was received on trial at Nashville during the 
 year, and he aftewards became a very celebrated minister in Missouri 
 and Illinois. From 1800 to 1808, Rev. Wm. McKendree preached 
 frequently at Nashville. He was ordained Bishop in the city of 
 Baltimore, May, 1808, and after spending a number of years in the 
 Episcopacy, made his permanent home at Nashville. He was one 
 of the most extraordinary men of his time; preached with great fer 
 vor, and brought "the wealth of his princely intellect, and of his 
 tireless energy," to bear in the cause of his labors. He lived to the 
 age of 78 years; was 27 years a minister and 20 years a Bishop, and 
 died March 5th, 1835, at Fountain Head, Sumner County, where he 
 now lies buried. In honor of him was the McKendree Church 
 of Nashville, named, and the followers of his faith have the mourn- 
 ful satisfaction of knowing, that he delivered the last sermon of his 
 life within its walls, on the 23d of November, 1834. 
 
 From this time up to the present period, matters pertaining to 
 Methodism, in Nashville, are of very considerable importance, but 
 as our notes are imperfect, we shall have to skip over the intervening 
 years. In this connection, we acknowledge our indebtedness to the 
 first volume of an interesting work, entitled " The History of Meth- 
 odism in Tennessee," by that eminent clergyman and ripe scholar, 
 Rev. J. B. McFerrin, D. D., for the notes we have already culled. 
 The second volume of his work, which will soon appear, will contain 
 full accounts of the Church in later years. 
 
religious interests. 433 
 
 m'kendree church. 
 
 This highly popular and venerable old temple of worship is located 
 on Church, (or Spring Street,) midway between Summer and High 
 Streets. It was built during the year 1833, and was dedicated to the 
 worship of God on the last Sunday in October, 1833, by the vener- 
 able Bishop Wm. McKcndree — in honor of Avhom it was named — 
 assisted by the Rev. Messrs. Douglas, McMahon and Maddin. A 
 full record of the services held in this noble old edifice; of the bril- 
 liant men who have held sway over the people by their eloquent 
 teachings; and of the lofty and honorable position, that this Church 
 of God has always maintained, would form a most interesting vol- 
 ume. A long line of eminent Ministers, some of them the most pro- 
 minent of the Methodist Church, South, have occupied the McKen- 
 dree pulpit, and certainly had it been possible for us to have given 
 a fuller account of their ministrations nothing would have pleased 
 us more. 
 
 ]M'Kendree Church — although not as imposing without as some 
 of its sister Churches, yet in the interior is decidedly handsome. The 
 main audience room is entered from a spacious vestibule, which leads 
 to doors both on the right and left side. We have not the exact di- 
 mensions of the Church, but have been told, that its capacity was for 
 eight hundred people at one sitting. During 1867, the interior of 
 the Church was remodelled and fitted up in first-class style. 
 
 The walls were beautifully frescoed, and many other decided im- 
 provements made. In the organ-loft, immediately over the entrances, 
 has been placed a splendid organ, which was purchased during 1867, 
 for about ^1,800. It was made by Stewart, of New York, is built 
 in a mahogany case, of the Romanesque style of architecture, and 
 has gilt front-pipes, one manual and pedals, and twelve stops. 
 
 The basement of the Church is divided up into a handsome Sun- 
 day School Room, neatly furnished, and into Class Rooms, and a 
 Studio for the Pastor. At the session of the Tennessee Conference 
 for 1869, McKcndree Church reported 556 members, and valued the 
 Church property at ^99,000. The Sunday School reports 400 
 scholars and 36 teachers ; average number of scholars in attendance, 
 336. Rev. Robt. A. Young, D. D., has been the Pastor of McKcn- 
 dree Church for the two years just past. Since his ministration 
 here, the membership of his charge has greatly increased. Dr. 
 28 
 
434 NASHVILLE AND HEE TEADE. 
 
 Young is very generally conceded one of the ablest ministers in tlie 
 Tennessee Conference, and is decidedly one of the most popular ever 
 stationed at Nashville. 
 
 ELM STREET CHURCH. 
 
 This Church is located at the corner of Summer and Elm Streets. 
 Rev. J. T. Barbee is Pastor. The Church has capacity for 500 sit- 
 tings, and is valued at $21,500. It reports a membership of 288. 
 Sunday School scholars, 200 ; Sunday School Teachers 18; average 
 attendance of pupils, 175. 
 
 TULIP STREET CHURCH, (eDGEFIELD.) 
 
 This Church is located on Tulip Street, Edgefield, between Russell 
 and Fatherland Streets, Rev. D. C. Kelley is the Pastor. The 
 Church has a membership of 155. Sunday School, 110 scholars; 
 teachers, 12; average attendance of pupils, 78. Yalue of Church 
 property, $12,000. 
 
 NORTH NASHVILLE METHODIST CHURCH. 
 
 This Church is near Jefferson, on North High Street. Rev. W. 
 D. F. Sawrie is the Pastor. The Church is a new one ; was built 
 daring 1869, and has capacity for 400 sittings. Value of Church 
 property, §7,800. Membership, including City mission, 212. 
 
 HOBSON's CHAPEL, (eDGEFIELD,) 
 
 Is located on the Gallatin Pike, Edgefield. The value of the 
 Church property is -$10,250. Membership, 79. 
 
 TRINITY CHURCH, (eDGEFIELD.) 
 
 Located on the Dickinson Pike, Edgefield. Rev. G. P. Jackson 
 is the Pastor. Yalue of Church property, $7,8C0. Membership, 163. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, the Methodist Episcopal Church 
 South, owns in Nashville, a Publishing House, a Bishop's House, a 
 German Church, an African Church, two Parsonages and several va- 
 cant lots. 
 
 Several other branches of the Methodist family are established in 
 Nashville, of whose membership and wealth we are not informed. 
 
 Nashville is also the place of residence of Rev. Dr. H. N. McTyeire, 
 one of the Bishops of the M. E. Church South. 
 
EELIGIOUS INTEEESTS. 435 
 
 UNION METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCn. 
 
 This Church is situated on Xorth Summer Street, between Cedar 
 and Gay. It is a very neat and comfortable little Chapel, and was 
 built only two or three years since. Rev. Mr. Rutledge is the Pastor 
 in charge. The membership of the Church is of very respectable 
 size, and the Sunday School is in a most flourishing condition, and 
 reports 190 scholars and 16 teachers, with an average attendance of 
 140 pupils. 
 
 Presbyterian Churches. 
 
 The Rev. Thos. B. Craighead was the first Presbyterian Minister, 
 so far as we have any record, who visited the settlements on the Cum- 
 berland. Early in 1785 he arrived in the vicinity of Nashville, and 
 began to preach at such points as M'ere available. The company who 
 came with him reached here on Saturday evening. On the next day 
 he held divine service, occupying a stump for a pulpit, and his audi- 
 ence pack-saddles for seats. During the year he located at Haysboro, 
 eight miles East of Nashville. The citizens at once built a neat 
 stone Church, which was used for a school and preaching. In 1801, 
 Rev. William Hume came to Nashville, and on December 2d of that 
 year, was admitted " Pastor of the seceder (Scotch) congregation by 
 the Presbytery to which it belongs." In November, 1814, Rev. Gid- 
 eon Blackburn organized the Presbyterian Church of Nashville, with 
 the following members : Mrs. Andrew Ewing, Mrs. Mary McNairy, 
 wife of Frank McNairy, Sr., Mrs. Josiah Nichol, Mrs. Tom Talbot 
 and her daughter, Mrs. Sophia Hall, wife of Elihu S. Hall, INIrs. 
 Margaret L. Anderson, wife of Col. Patton Anderson, U. S. A., (now 
 Mrs. M. L. Bybee, of Memphis, Tenn.,) and Robt. Smiley, who was 
 elected Ruling Elder. The services on this important occasion were 
 held in the Court House, and the Rev. Robt. Henderson, D. D., of 
 Murfreesboro, assisted Mr. Blackburn. 
 
 After the establishment of the Church, Dr. Blackburn was assisted 
 in his pastoral duties by the Rev. William Hume, who was ordained 
 by the Presbytery of Kirkaldy, Church of Scotland, February 5, 
 1800, and was sent as a missionary to this country by the Synod of 
 the Secession Church, during the close of this year, and arrived in 
 Kentucky in the beginning of 1801. On the 2d of December, ]Mr. 
 Hume accepted a call to the Scotch Presbyterian Church, at Nash- 
 ville, and continued to supply the Pulpit here until 1820, when he 
 was succeeded by the Rev. Allan D. Campbell, D. D., who remained 
 
436 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 in charge until 1827. April, 1828, the Rev. Obadiah Jennings, 
 D. D., was called to the Pastorate, which he filled until 1832, having, 
 during his career, increased the membership to one hundred and six- 
 teen. He died January 12, 1.S32. August 4, 1833, the Church re- 
 ceived a new Minister, in the person of the Rev. John Todd Edgar, 
 D. D., whose ministry extended through twenty-six years, "during 
 which time the Church was blessed with eight revivals, and eight 
 hundred and ninety-seven added to its communion, and had advanced 
 step by step, until it was considered among the first, in all respects, in 
 the General Assembly." But about the year 1859, Dr. Edgar having 
 become feeble from years, and the pastoral work being very arduous, 
 was relieved from a part of the laborious duties and responsibilities 
 of the office by Rev. Jos. Bardwell, of Aberdeen, Miss., who was in- 
 stalled the Associate Pastor of the Church. 
 
 This relation existed harmoniously until Dr. Edgar died suddenly 
 of apoplexy, November 13, 1860, and in the following January Mr. 
 Bardwell was called and installed Pastor of the Church. This posi- 
 tion he filled acceptably and usefully until the City was surrendered 
 to the Federal Army, on the 16th of February, 1862, when he went 
 South, and was not permitted to return again. His pastoral relation 
 was dissolved by Presbytery, June 30, 1864. From February, 1862, 
 until July, 1865, with the exception of a few months immediately 
 after the fall of the City — when the Rev. Dr. Hendrick supplied the 
 Pulpit — the Church was without a Minister. 
 
 On the 9th of July, 1865, Rev. R. F., Bunting, D. D., begun his 
 labors as Stated Supply, and was installed Pastor June 10, 1866. Dr. 
 Bunting came to the Church fresh from his labors in the tented field, 
 having entered the armies of the late Confederacy in the early stages 
 of the conflict as Chaplain to Col. Terry's famous regiment of Texas 
 Rano'crs. Coming as he did, at a time when the people were sore and 
 disconsolate from the ravages of a fierce intestine war, when the pil- 
 lars of the grand old Church were tottering from neglect, and its 
 membership scattered like chaff before the wind, he found his duties 
 laborious in the extreme. Like the faithful laborer that he is, he 
 entered his " Master's Vineyard," and with unflagging energy, zeal 
 and devotion, succeeded to a great degree, in rallying the shattered 
 hosts, and in bringing back the congregation to its old standard. 
 During his ministration here, which lasted until the Fall of 1868, 
 Dr. Bunting received additions to the Church membership, of 349 
 persons, of whom 186 were " received on examination," and 163 were 
 " received on certificate." He departed from the City to the Church 
 
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 437 
 
 of his present charge, at Galveston, Texas, amid the extreme regret, 
 not only of his entire congregation, but of all who kuew him. But 
 perhaps a more worthy successor could not have been found for the 
 mantle of such an illustrious line of pastors to fall upon, than the 
 manly shoulders of the present Pastor in charge — the Rev. T. V. 
 Moore, D. D., who came to Nashville, December 1, 1868 although 
 having left a numerous and greatly beloved congregation behind him 
 at his former home, in the City of Richmond, Virginia, yet the 
 sacrifice has been somewhat alleviated, no doubt, by the warm hospi- 
 tality that he has met with in Nashville, and the grave attention paid 
 his teachings by the people of his ''flock." His intellectual endow- 
 ments, his refined manners, and last, but not least, his firm devotion 
 to the cause of his espousal, have greatly endeared him to the follow- 
 ers of his faith, and gained the reverence and respect of the entire 
 City. At present the membership of the Church numbers 486, be- 
 side a large and flourishing Sunday School numbering 496 scholars 
 and 42 teachers; with an average attendance of 246 scholars. 
 
 FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 The first Presbyterian Church built in Nashville occupied the 
 present site, corner of Church (Spring) and Summer streets. It was 
 a neat and substantial brick building, with ample accommodations 
 for a village like Nashville. It was forty-five feet by eighty, with a 
 capacity for four hundred sittings. The ground was deeded on the 
 1st day of May, 1823, by Randall McGavock to Robert Smiley, Na- 
 thanael A. McNairy, William M. Berryhill, John Wright, and David 
 Erwin, Trustees of the Church, and their successors in office, "for and 
 in consideration of the sum of $750, to him heretofore paid, and for 
 other good considerations." 
 
 The building was erected by a general subscription of tlie citizens, 
 and although under the control of the Presbyterians when not used 
 by them, it was open to all other denominations. This Church was 
 consumed by fire January 29, 1832. 
 
 The second edifice built on the ground was begun m the Spring of 
 1832. It was dedicated in the fall of 1833, afler Dr. Edgar's min- 
 istry began. It cost about $30,000 ; its capacity was 1,000. It was 
 in the (Grecian) Doric style, and fronted on Church Street. But a 
 fatality seems to have befallen the spot on which it was erected, for 
 the building was entirely consumed on the 14th of September, 1848, 
 
438 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 by a fire which originated on the roof, whilst the tinners, who were 
 repairing it, were at dinner. 
 
 Two days after its destruction, the congregation held a meeting in 
 the First Baptist Church to devise " ways and means " for the erec- 
 tion of a third building. Saturday, April 28th, 1849, the corner- 
 stone of the present edifice was laid in the presence of a large and 
 respectful audience. 
 
 The following inscription was on the silver plate deposited in the 
 box: 
 
 " The Corner-stone of the Fii"st Presbyterian Church, of Nashville, laid April 28, 
 
 1849, 
 JOHN T. EDGAE, PASTOR. 
 
 ELDERS. 
 
 N. A. McNairy, R. H. McEwen, M. C. Dunn, A. W. Putnam, James Nichol, John 
 M. Hill, A. A. Casseday, "VV. Williams, N. Cross, W. B. A. Ramsey. 
 
 DEACONS. 
 
 S. V. D. Stout, B. H. Shepherd, W. Eakia, 'iu me. 
 Communicants, 357, 
 
 BUILDING COMMITTEE, 
 
 J. M. Bass, Chairman; J. M. Hill, A. Allison, A. W. Putnam, S. D. Morgan, W. 
 Nichol, J. T. Edgar, O. B. Hays, W. Eakin. 
 
 W. Strickland, Architect. 
 
 A. G. Payne and J. C. McLaughlin, Masons. 
 
 W. L. Nance and P. Mallory, Brick-layers. 
 
 J. M. Hughes, Carpenter. 
 
 A. Allison, Mayor of the City. 
 
 Neil S. Brown, Governor of Tennessee. 
 
 Z. Taylor, President of the United States. 
 
 Population of the City, 20,000. 
 
 Population of the United States, 20,000,000." 
 
 On the reverse, an engraving of the front of the church, reduced 
 to the scale of fifty-four feet to the inch, and underneath this as 
 follows : 
 
 " Former Pastors: G. Blackburn, 1813. (Church organized.) A. D. Campbell, 1820. 
 
 O. B. Jennings, 1828." 
 
 On Sunday, January 5, 1850, they worshiped in the lecture-room 
 for the first time, and the church was completed in the following 
 Spring, at a cost of fifty-one thousand dollars, including the organ; 
 and was dedicated on the 20th day of April, (Easter Sunday), 1851. 
 
 This edifice has a front on Church Street of eighty feet, running 
 back along Summer a depth of one hundred and thirty-six feet. The 
 general style of the architecture is Egyptian, but the front, never 
 having been completed, presents an unfinished appearance. A tower 
 
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 439 
 
 one hundred and four feet in height, is built on each of the front 
 corners, commencing twenty-two feet square at the base, diminishing 
 by offsets as it rises, and finishing in the shape of an octagon. Be- 
 tween the towers are the steps, thirty-six feet in length, ascending to 
 the main floor or body of the church ; the entrance to the vestibule 
 being by three doors, finished in the Egyptian style. 
 
 The vestibule is seventy and a half feet long, sixteen and a half 
 deep at the center, and nine and a half feet deep at the ends. From 
 the vestibule, four doors lead to the audience-room, which is one hun- 
 dred and one and a quarter feet long and seventy and a half feet 
 wide. The pulpit is at the south end, opposite the entrance, and 
 handsomely furnished with red velvet. The organ and choir are ele- 
 vated in rear of the pulpit, but are obscured from the scrutinization 
 of the audience by a curtain-screen. The organ is the largest one in 
 the City, and was built by the Hook Brothers, of Boston, before the 
 war, at a cost of some $2,500. The style of its casing is oak and of 
 the Egyptian order. It contains thirty-six stops, fifteen front gilt 
 pipes, two key boards, and two octaves of pedals. 
 
 There are one hundred and sixty-eight pews, ranged in three 
 double rows, ten pews of the total number being placed on each side 
 of the pulpit. Eleven hundred persons can sit comfortably jn the 
 pews, and two hundred in the gallery over the vestibule. Within 
 the towers, on the main floor, are stairways leading to the gallery, 
 which is seventy feet long and twenty-nine and a half feet deep across 
 the front of the audience-room, and covering the vestibule. 
 
 The basement-story is divided into five smaller rooms for the vari- 
 ous services of the church, with the necessary coal-house, passages, 
 etc. The principal one is the large lecture or Sunday-School room, 
 which is seventy and a half by fifty-four and a half feet in size; the 
 small lecture-room is forty-four and a half by twenty-eight and a 
 quarter; the Pastor's study is twenty-eight by fifteen. There are, 
 also, two smaller rooms, each thirteen and a half by twenty-three, 
 which are used for various purposes. The public entrance to the 
 basement is from Summer Street, there being also a private entrance 
 from the rear, directly from the l*arsonage, and this communicates 
 with a stairway leading to the main audience-room and having its 
 outlet in rear and to the right of the pulpit. The walls of the base- 
 ment are of stone and well built. The body of the church and the 
 towers are of brick. A bell, weighing 4,015 pounds, presented in 
 1857 by Mrs. Adelicia Acklin, now Mrs. Dr. William A. Cheatham, 
 hangs in the north-west corner tower. It cost some three thousand 
 
440 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 dollars, is the largest church-bell iu the City, and is of a superior 
 tone and great power, 
 
 THE SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 In the Fall of 1843, an application was made by the following 
 members of the First Presbyterian Church to the Presbytery of 
 Nashville, in session at Smyrna, (Rutherford County), September 
 28th, requesting that the proper steps be taken to organize a new 
 Church in the City, to be called the Second Presbyterian Church of 
 Nashville: Alpha Kingsley, Elizabeth Kingsley, James Erwin, Mar- 
 garet Erwin, James B. Furgason, Samuel Hill, Phoebe Caldwell, 
 Harriet Rosser, Lucy Wingfield, L. A. Wingfield, Agnes Norvell, 
 Mary Kelly, Nancy Peabody, Elizabeth T. Clark, C. Foster Wil- 
 liams, M. A. Eastman, A. G. Adams, James M. Hamilton, Abram 
 Stevens, Andrew J. Smith, John McCrea, Janet McCrea, George T. 
 Thompson, Horace G. Berry, C. H. Peabody, and C. A. R. Thomp- 
 son. The application was granted, and the Rev. John R. Bain was 
 appointed to organize the aforesaid sundry members into a Church. 
 With such a thorough working force, the Second Presbyterian Church 
 of Nashville soon became one of the most important of the Presby- 
 tery. During the year 1848, the present edifice, at the corner of 
 North College and Gay Streets, in which the congregation worships, 
 was erected at a cost of ^11,000. The building is constructed of a 
 good article of Tennessee brick, with limestone foundation. An im- 
 ' posing spire and belfry rises over the Western end and immediately 
 above the entrance. Within, the walls are tastefully decorated, and 
 the furniture is of an appropriate character. There are one hundred 
 and five pews, each capable of seating five persons, and a gallery 
 stretcbipg across the Western extremity of the building, with room 
 for one hundred more, making the entire capacity of the audience- 
 room equal to the wants of six hundred and twenty-five persons. At 
 present the gallery is occupied by the church choir. A splendid or- 
 gan, purchased at a cost of §2,000, is situated in this gallery. It was 
 built by Hook Brothers, Boston, and has an oak casing in Grecian 
 style. It has twenty-four stops, two key-boards, fifteen gilt pipes, 
 and an octave and a half of pedals. 
 
 During the war, this church passed out of the hands of its original 
 CDngregation. The present pastor is Rev. W. W. Campbell. Tlie 
 membership is one hundred and two strong. The Sunday-School 
 numbers one hundred and forty ; teachers, fourteen ; average attend- 
 ance of pupils, one hundred. 
 
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS 441 
 
 EDGEFIELD PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 This church was organized May 7, 1858, by a number of persons, 
 members of the First Presbyterian Church of Nashville, and is now 
 in a flourishing condition. It is located on Woodland Street, Edge- 
 field, and has for its pastor. Rev. J. H. McNeilly. 
 
 The building, although plain in style, is neat and well-appointed. 
 It is fully capable of seating five hundred persons. During 1869, a 
 splendid organ was completed for this congregation at the organ 
 manufactory of Jas. A. McClure, Union Street, Nashville. It was 
 built under the immediate supervision of C. S. Hahn, and has been 
 pronounced by the leading organists of this and other cities as being 
 of first-class workmanship, and combining great volume and sweet- 
 ness of tone. It has one key -board, twelve stops, two octaves of pe- 
 dals, and seventeen gilt pipes, with an elegant casing in the Roman 
 style. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, the Presbyterians have several thri- 
 ving Sunday-Schools in various portions of the City, as follows : 
 
 Westminster Sunday-School, South Market Street; scholars, one 
 hundred and twenty-three; teachers, eighteen; average attendance of 
 scholars, seventy-five. 
 
 Edgar Mission Sunday-School, near St. Cecilia's ; scholars, sixty- 
 nine ; teachers, twenty ; average attendance, sixty-nine. 
 
 Cottage Church Sunday-School, Franklin Pike. 
 
 FIRST CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 The First Cumberland Presbyterian Church has been one of great 
 struggles and sad vicissitudes. The lot on which it stands was bought 
 of Judge Grundy, in 1831, at a cost of ^600. The building was 
 immediately commenced, and very soon after it was covered and be- 
 fore the interior was finished, the General Assembly of the Church 
 held its meeting in it. At that time, a large debt was hanging over 
 the Church; but during the session of the Assembly, Rev. Robert 
 Donnell canvassed the city for subscriptions, and succeeded in getting 
 money enough to pay it ofi. 
 
 The first sermon ever preached in this Church, was in 1831 or '32, 
 and was preached by Rev. David Lowry, now of Iowa. The con- 
 gregation was poor; but tlie members were united, and devoted to 
 their Church. Rev. David Lowry was the first Pastor. When he 
 became the Pastor, in 1832, he was editing a religious newspaper, at 
 Trenton, Ky., called, The Religious and Literary Intelligencer, which 
 
442 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 was the first newspaper published under the auspices of the Church. 
 He removed his press and paper to Nashville, and soon afterwards 
 admitted as a partner, Rev. Jonas Smith, known as " Scotchman 
 Smith;" and then the name of the paper was changed to the Reviv- 
 alist. Rev. Mr. Lowry served this congregation one year without 
 compensation. This Church has had several pastors, among whom 
 were Rev. Mr. Aston, John L. Smith, J. C. Provine and Wiley M. 
 Reed. The latter, as gallant on the field as he was eloquent in the 
 jiulpit, fell in the battle of Fort Pillow. There was a time when this 
 congregation had no pastor. The doors of the Church were left open, 
 and the cows it is said, went in and eat up the Bible. Desolation 
 hung like a jjall over this little Church; but the day of her deliver- 
 ance came at last. During the Avar, the Federals occupied it as a 
 hospital. After the war, its decimated membership calletl to its pas- 
 torate. Rev. A. J. Baird, D. D., who is now the Pastor. The last 
 three years have been years of prosperity. The Church has recently 
 been enlarged by the erection of a beautiful gallery on the front end, 
 giving over two hundred additional seats. The Church now seats 
 comfortably, 743 persons. During the year 1869, the Church raised 
 and disbursed $6,779.35. Its Sabbath School reports 256 scholars, 
 29 teachers, and five officers. The Church membership numbers 371. 
 It pays its pastor this year, §3,000. This Church has a standing 
 committee to look up strangers, and invite them to the house of God. 
 The following are the Elders: John R. Hudson, E. W. Adams, 
 John Frizzell, W. C. Smith, Y. B. Jones, R. A. Fraley, L. H. Lanier, 
 P. A. Westervelt, John Shirley Ward, John M. Gaut, D. C. Love, A. 
 H. Robinson; Deacons — Sumner Kirkpatrick, P. H. Manlove, Wm. 
 E. Dunaway, Terry H. Cahal, R. L. Caruthers, Jr., Robert R. Free- 
 man, Charles B. Glenn, James Sims, Jr. 
 
 SECOND CUMBERLAND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. 
 
 The Cumberland Presbyterians of Nashville also own a church 
 building, known as the Second Cumberland Presbyterian Church of 
 Nashville, and located at the corner of South College and Mulberry 
 Streets. This Church was much dilapidated during the war, and has 
 never been in successful operation since. However, it is proposed to 
 put it in repair soon, and begin anew. 
 
EELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 443 
 
 Christian Churches. 
 
 In 1796, the year of the admission of Tennessee into the grand 
 confederation of States, there were but five Baptist Churches in the 
 whole " Cumberland Valley," a section of country embracing nearly 
 all of Middle Tennessee. These were associated under the name of 
 the "Mero District Association." About the year 1800 some feeble 
 churches near Nashville were established, one on White's Creek, six 
 miles from the City ; one on Eichland Creek, six miles from the City, 
 and one on Mill Creek, six miles from the City. The most distin- 
 guished ministers here in those days, were the Rev's Jas. Whitsitt 
 and Garner McConico. In 1820, Rev. Jeremiah Vardeman, of Ken- 
 tucky, visited Nashville and preached several weeks, assisted by Rev 
 Jas. Whitsitt. July 22, 1820, Messrs. Whitsitt and Vardeman con- 
 stituted the United Baptist Church of Nashville, with nineteen mem- 
 bers from the Mill Creek Church. This membership was formed of 
 intelligent, zealous, influential and wealthy citizens. Nathan Ewing, 
 Esq., presented the Church with a lot, located on Spring Street (now 
 Church) between High and Vine Streets. The erection of the build- 
 ing was commenced at once. For two years this Church was with- 
 out a })astor. Rev. Mr. Vardeman was called, but declined. Rev. 
 Richard Dabbs, of Richmond, Virginia, accepted the pastorate De- 
 cember 25th, 1822. On May 21, 1825, Mr. Dabbs died, only living 
 two years and a half in Nashville. The Church then remained with- 
 out a pastor for a year, so that out of five and a half years of its in- 
 fancy it was without a pastor, and yet the energies of the young 
 Church kept it alive. In September, 1825, a letter was ordered to 
 be written by R. C. Foster, Nathan Ewing and Moses Norvcll, in- 
 viting Rev. P. S. Fall, then living in Louisville, Kentucky, to take 
 charge of the congregation, and having been also offered a chair in 
 the " Nashville Female Academy," he removed to Nashville in Jan- 
 uary, 1826, In the May following, he was ''unanimously appointed 
 to act as Bishop thereof."* INIr. Fall continued with the congregation 
 until 1831, when, his health failing, he removed to Kentucky, and 
 was succeeded here by Rev. Messrs. Absalom Adams, Tolbert Fan- 
 ning, Dr. Davis, H. T. Anderson, and Dr. W. H. Wharton, who 
 ministered to the congregation acceptably, and were succeeded by 
 Rev. J. B. Ferguson, who preached eleven years. 
 
 The congregation was then dispersed. An attempt to rally the 
 scattered members was made in April, 1857, when fifty-six recorded 
 
 *About this time the Church dropped the name of ''Baptist," and is now known as 
 the Christian Church of Nashville. 
 
444 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 their names — forty-two withes and fourteen blacks. This numbe 
 was gradually increased by the addition of old members and some 
 conversions, and Mr. Fall was unanimously invited to return to Nash- 
 ville. He came in November, 1857. Since that, some two hundred 
 persons have received baptism, most of the former members have re- 
 turned, a congregation has been formed in South Nashville, and a 
 Sunday -School with one hundred and seventy-eight scholars and some 
 twenty-five teachers, meets regularly on Lord's Day. The old house 
 of worship has been neatly and comfortably repaired ; and, after all 
 the removals, deaths and dismissals, there are now about two hundred 
 and fifty white members in the Church, which is increased by slow- 
 but regular additions. The colored people formed a separate congre- 
 gation some years since. 
 
 FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 On the 10th of October, 1830, Rev. James Whitsitt presiding, 
 called a meeting of the " brethren hitherto worshipping in the church 
 on Spring Street, who were desirous of still maintaining Baptist prin- 
 ciples." This meeting was held in the Court-House; and it was there 
 decided "to perpetuate their faith and Church," under the name of the 
 " First Baptist Church in Nashville." The number who first sub- 
 scribed their names was only ^i;c; but in three or four years, this num- 
 ber had grown to fifty. Ten months after the organization of this 
 Church at the Court House, the Rev. Peter S. Gayle accepted the call 
 of the little band as their pastor. The Tennessee Baptist State Con- 
 vention was organized during his pastorate. He was pastor here 
 three years; then moved., to Brownsville; thence to Memphis, and 
 died in Clinton, Mississippi, June 8, 1853. January 3, 1835, Rev. 
 Dr. R. B. C. Howell arrived in Nashville, having accepted the call of 
 the Church, and entered at once upon his arduous work. At that 
 time, there were no Sunday Schools connected with this Church, and 
 none in the State among the Baptist Churches. On the first Lord's 
 Day in April, 1835, Dr. Howell preached a sermon on "Sabbath 
 Schools," and forthwith, one was organized. Three years after, the 
 present house of worship, on Summer Street, was completed. Some 
 years after, Dr. Howell returned to Richmond, Virginia, his f(.)rmer 
 home. Rev. Samuel Baker succeeded him here, and preached his 
 inaugural sermon the second Lord's Day in June, 1850, and contin- 
 ued here until June 30, 1853. Dr. Howell was recalled from Rich- 
 mond, January 24, 1853, but declined. Rev. Wm. H. Bayless was 
 then called, and accepted, October 4, 1854, and remained until Au- 
 
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 445 
 
 gust 7, 1856. March 11, 1857, Dr. Howell was recalled the second 
 time, and this time, accepted; and began his second career here about 
 the middle of January, 1857. On the 5th of April, 1867, Dr. Howell 
 died, and was followed to the grave by an immense concourse of his 
 fellow-citizens, who loved, venerated and respected him. He had 
 been one of our most prominent ministers, and was the author of a 
 number of valuable works. 
 
 November 1, 1867, the Rev. Dr. Thomas E. Skinner, of North 
 Carolina, who had been called to supjjly the vacancy, preached his in- 
 troductory sermon. Prior to coming here. Dr. Skinner was Pastor of 
 the Baptist Church, at Raleigh, North Carolina, for thirteen years. 
 He graduated at the University of North Carolina, in the class of 
 1847 — in the same class with the distinguished General Pettigrew, of 
 South Carolina. He also graduated at the Union Theological Sem- 
 inary, New York City, in 1855. Dr. Skinner remains the Pastor of 
 the First Baptist Church. 
 
 The Church building is sixty-five by forty-eight feet large, and is 
 capable of seating five hundred persons. Its style of architecture re- 
 sembles that of a Greek cross. It was commenced in 1835, and fin- 
 ished in 1838. Since the war, it has been refitted and renovated. 
 Its present value is about §40,000. 
 
 The membership of the Church is now composed of 283 persons. 
 Contributions to all benevolent purposes, during 1869, amounted to 
 about 15,000. The Sabbath School numbers 420 scholars, 36 
 teachers, 5 officers; average attendance, 274; number of volumes in 
 library, 1,078; Sunday School papers taken, 350; missionary pa- 
 pers, 300; contributions of all kinds by the Sunday School, during 
 1869, §460. 
 
 CHERRY STREET BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 This Church is located on South Cherry Street, at the corner of 
 Elm, and immediately opposite the College Hill Engine House. It 
 has a large membership and a flourishing Sunday School. Rev. W. 
 J. Inman is Pastor. 
 
 CENTRAL BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 The Central Baptist Church is on Polk Avenue, betvy-een Vine and 
 Spruce Streets. This Church has a regular Pastor ; but the mem- 
 bership is small. The Sunday School has some fifty scholars, and 
 about seven teachers. 
 
446 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 PRIMITIVE BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 This Church, of which Rev. J. B. Stephens is the Pastor, is located 
 on South College Street, near the Howard School Building. 
 
 EDGEFIELD BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 The Baptists of Edgefield hold service in the new Masonic Hall, at 
 the corner of Tulip and Woodland Streets. They have no regular 
 
 Pastor. 
 
 Episcopal Churches. 
 
 Having had access to the vestry books of Christ Church, extend- 
 ing as far back as the date of the establish nieht of the Protestant Epis- 
 copal Church in Nashville, we are able to furnish our readers with 
 some pretty accurate ideas regarding the history of that religious or- 
 ganization. We learn from the books that the first meeting in the 
 interest of the Episcopal Church — or rather, more properly speaking? 
 in the interest of Christ Church Parish — was held at Masonic Hall, 
 June 29, 1829. Rev. John Davis occupied the chair, and E. Talbot 
 was chosen temporary, and Henry Baldwin, Jr., permanent Secre- 
 tary. There were present at this meeting, the following gentlemen : 
 George Willson, Thos. Claiborne, Jas. Stewart, John Shelby, Henry 
 Baldwin, Jr., James Diggons, F. B. Fogg, Wm. G. Hunt and John 
 R. Wilson. This body constituted the founders and fathers of Christ 
 Church, in Nashville. Of this number, Messrs. Thos. Claiborne, F. 
 B. Fogg, John Shelby, James Stewart and Henry Baldwin, Jr., were 
 chosen as the Vestry ; Messrs. George Willson, Thos. Claiborne and 
 F. B. Fogg, delegates to the first Convention of Clerical and Lay 
 members of the Protestant Episcopal Church, which was held in 
 Nashville, July 1, 1830; and Messrs. James Stewart and Thos. Clai- 
 borne, AVardens of Christ Church. From other sources, we learn 
 that the Right Rev. John Stark Ravenscroft, D. D., Bishop of North 
 Carolina, visited Nashville during 1829; and although no mention is 
 made of the fact, yet we are led to the belief that the establishment of 
 the Episcopal Church in Nashville was consequent upon that visita- 
 tion. On the 1st of February, Rev. John Weller was unanimously 
 elected Rector of Christ Church Parish, and entered immediately 
 upon his parochial duties. On April 30, 1830, consequent upon the 
 resignation of Henry Baldwin, Jr., Godfrey M. Fogg, Sr., was chosen 
 permanent Secretary, which position, with him, has been, in true sig- 
 
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 447 
 
 nificance, a permanent one — having held it, and faithfully discharged 
 its functions, for a period of nearly forty years, only vacating the 
 place some time during 1869, since which time Duke R. Johnson has 
 performed the labors incumbent upon the position. In 1830, James 
 Diggons was unanimously chosen Chorister; and it may not be inap- 
 posite here to observe that himself and descendants — among whom is 
 still some of our best native musical talent, have furnished for Christ 
 Church that fascinating and indispensible feature of church service, 
 since the date of its foundation. Again, from sources other than the 
 vestry books, we learn that the Right Rev. James Henry Otey, D. 
 D., was the first missionary of the Episcopal Church in Tennessee, 
 and was elected the first Bishop of the Diocese of Tennessee, in 1834, 
 and discharged the duties of his episcopate until 1863, having died in 
 the South during that yesr. The name of Bishop Otey is connected 
 with some of the first educational and religious institutions of the 
 Episcopal Church in Tennessee ; and the fame of his intellect and of 
 his virtues spread all over the country, and is now one of the pleas- 
 antest remembrances of his former parishioners. After the resignation 
 of Rev. Mr. Weller, the Rev. J. T. AVheat, of New Orleans, accepted 
 the call to Christ Church, August 10, 1837, and continued as Rector 
 until some time in 1848. On the 18th of November, of that year, 
 the Rev. Charles Tomes was unanimously chosen Rector, and contin- 
 ued in charge of the Parish until April 30, 1857. On the 13th of 
 June, 1857, the Rev. Leonidas Smith, of Warrenton, North Carolina, 
 was cliosen Rector, and performed the duties incident thereupon until 
 January 1, 1862, at which date his resignation is recorded. During 
 the war, or from 1862 to the beginning of 1866, the Church was 
 ■svithout a Rector; but Avas filled, for a portion of the time, by the 
 Rev. W. D. Harlow. On the 13th of February, 1866, the Rectorship 
 was tendered to the Rev. Vi. J. Ellis, of Tallahassee, Florida, and 
 was promptly accepted on the 14th of the same month. Rev. Mr. 
 Ellis has continued in service until the present time. In 1865, the 
 Right Rev. Charles Todd Quintard, D. D., was consecrated Bishop of 
 the Diocese of Tennessee, as the successor of Bishop Otey. Bishop 
 Quintard is now of Nashville, having removed here during last year, 
 from Memphis. Prior to the war, he was the Rector of the Church 
 of the Advent of this city ; and during the war, was the well-known 
 Chaplain of the famous 1st Tennessee Confederate Regiment, and fol- 
 lowed its fortunes on many of the disastrous battle-plains of the South 
 — administering to the wants of the sick and wounded, and preparing 
 the soldiers of his adopted cause for the armies of Immortality on the 
 
448 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 Fields of Paradise. He is a gentleman of culture, education and dis- 
 tinction ; and graduated, first, at Columbia College, New York, from 
 which institution he received successively the titles of A. M. and S. 
 T. D.; from the University of New York, M. D.; from Trinity Col- 
 lege, Hartford, Connecticut, D. D., and from the University of Cam- 
 bridge, England, LL. D,; and is now the Bishop of the Diocese of 
 Tennessee, and Vice Chancellor of tlie University of the South. 
 
 CHRIST CHURCH. 
 
 The ground on which this edifice stands, at the north-east corner 
 of Church and High Streets, was purchased by the original vestry; 
 September, 1829, from Mr. James Stewart. The lot has a front of 
 60 feet, and runs back 80 feet. According to the vestry books, it 
 was bought for "the sum of twenty-four hundred dollars; one thousand 
 to be paid in eight months, and the balance in two annual payments, 
 with interest from the first of January next succeeding." Messrs. 
 Thomas Claiborne, John Shelby and James Stewart, were the Build- 
 ing Committee. The edifice cost §16,000, and was erected in 1831-32, 
 but as no dates appear as to its consecration, we imagine that occasion 
 to have occurred in the latter year, as the minutes of the church tell 
 of meetings held within its walls during that year. This church 
 property — standing on one of our most central business and fashion- 
 able thoroughfares — can not possibly fall far short of §50,000 in 
 value. The style of architecture is pointed gothic, built of brick and 
 marble-work, with wrought stucco overcast. In former years, it was 
 designed to place a steeple on the south end immediately over the 
 main entrance; but it terminated in a kind of square bell tower; 
 and as we learn, the steeple was "indefinitely postponed." The main 
 entrance is up a flight of stone steps landing at a neat little vestibule 
 paved with mosaic stones, and terminating at either end with a stair- 
 way leading to the choir-gallery, and underneath the west stairway 
 descending steps to the Sunday School room in the basement. From 
 the vestibule are two entrance doors leading into the auditorium, 
 which is one of the coziest and neatest arranged in the city. The 
 auditorium is capable of seating about 400 people, and is supplied 
 with rosewood grained cushioned seats. The chancel is very prettily 
 furnished and appointed. There are three large gothic windows on 
 either side, supplied with stained glass — and which soften and mel- 
 low the rays of the sun in a manner peculiarly appropriate to the 
 genus loei of the temple. The floor is neatly carpeted about the 
 
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 449 
 
 chancels and the aisles. In the gallery aljove, will be found an ac- 
 complished choir, whose excellent vocalism is greatly aided by a 
 splendid church organ. This organ was purchased for about ^2,000, 
 on a gold basis. It was built by Hall & Labaugh, of New York, 
 and has twenty stops, one key board and one octave of pedals, its 
 casing is of Gothic style, and its tone is one of sweetness and consid- 
 erable volume. The membership is now about 220. Rev. W. J. 
 Ellis is Rector. The Sunday School has 148 pupils and about 20 
 teachers. Mr. S. M. D. Clark is the Superintendent. 
 
 CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY. 
 
 This Parish was the result of the first missionary efforts of the 
 lamented Tomes, at the time Rector of Christ Church. Mr. Tomes 
 inaugurated the work ; and with the assistance of his friends in this 
 city and elsewhere, secured enough money to commence the work of 
 building the church in South Nashville, the completion of which, 
 (for it is entirely completed with exception of the spire,) required a 
 large sum of money from his own private means. Trinity is, 
 perhaps, the most beautiful, chaste and correct building of the Gothic 
 order now in Tennessee. It is small ; built of blue limestone ; the ojjen 
 roof is of polished and varnished cedar. The size of the nave is 
 about 70 by 35 feet, to which is joined a recessed chancel, about 22 
 feet square, in which is a beautiful triplet window of stained glass. 
 The fittings of this Church are of the 'purest ecclesiological style. It 
 was built afler the designs of the lamented Frank Wills. Its Rec- 
 tors have been the Reverends Messrs. Tomes, Rogers, Harris, Quin- 
 tard and Royce, the latter being the present Rector. The Parish 
 was organized in 1852. 
 
 CHURCH OF THE ADVENT. 
 
 In 1857, Christ Church — then being the only Parish in the closely 
 settled portion of the city — became too limited in size to accommo- 
 date those desiring to attejid the services of the Protestant Episcopal 
 Church. The Reverend Charles Tomes, at that time its Rector, 
 together with a few of his people,"orgauized a new Parish, taking as a 
 name therefor the title above. The use of the Odd Fellows' Hall 
 was obtained for services; and Mr. Tomes resigning Christ Church, 
 accepted the charge of the new Parish. Before he commenced his 
 labors, Mr. Tomes was seized with a disease, which, in a few weeks, 
 terminated his useful life. The Parish was served, for some months, 
 29 
 
450 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 by the Reverend "VV. D. Harlow. In the Fall of 1857, the Parish 
 elected the Reverend Chas. T. Quintard, Rector. The number of 
 communicants originally attaching themselves to the Advent, was 
 about 30. The new Rector was abundantly successful in his minis- 
 trations; and, about the middle of the year 1861, the roll of com- 
 municants numbered nearly 300. 
 
 At the beginning of the late war, a large number of young men 
 connected with the Parish, enlisted in the First Tennessee Regiment, 
 which corps elected Dr. Quintard their Chaplain. When the regi- 
 ment was ordered South, their Chaplain went with them, leaving the 
 Parish in charge of the Reverend Geo. C. Harris, his assistant in 
 the rectorship. During the first years of the Rectorship of Dr. 
 Quintard, the Parish raised a large sum of money, purchased a lot, 
 75 by 190 feet, on Vine Street, between Church and Broad Streets, 
 and commenced to build thereon a church edifice. Immediately 
 after the fall of Nashville, the Odd Fellows' Hall was taken by the 
 military authorities, for barracks; and from that time until the 
 winter of 1865-66, the history of the Parish is a blank. 
 
 In autumn, 1865, Dr. Quintard was elected and consecrated 
 Bishop of the Diocese of Tennessee, and removed to the city of 
 Memphis. In the Spring of 1866, two members of the Parish, with 
 a view to re-organizing the work, expended several thousand dollars 
 on the building on Vine Street, making the basement habitable ; and 
 in this room, on Easter Sunday, 1866, the Parish re-commenced its 
 labors with such occasional clerical assistance as they were able to 
 obtain. During that Summer, the Reverend Frederick Fitzgerald, 
 of New Jersey, was called to the Rectorship, and accepted the posi- 
 tion. Ten days afterward, Mr. F. was taken sick, and died before 
 reaching Nashville. Still later in the same year, the Reverend 
 James Moore, of Maryland, was called to the vacant Rectorship, 
 which he accepted and held until the spring of 1869. For reasons 
 not necessary to mention, during the rectorship of Mr. Moore, the 
 Parish languished. Some money was collected and some work done 
 on the church building ; but generally the Parish did not prosper. 
 
 When Mr. Moore resigned, the Rectorship was tendered to and 
 accepted by the Bishop, aided by his Chaplain, the Reverend T. B. 
 Lee, A. M. Immediately on the acceptance by their old Rector, new 
 life was infused, large suras of money were collected, and old sub- 
 scriptions were renewed. The work on the building was re-com- 
 menced, and the congregation celebrated the Easter of 1870, in 
 
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 451 
 
 their church edifice, sufficiently completed for all practical jnii- 
 poses. In the meantime, the congregation used the study hall 
 of Shelby College, which had been kindly loaned to them by 
 Dr. W. W. Berry. 
 
 The church building is of blue limestone, with a high pitched 
 slate roof, the first and only entire slate roof, by the way, that 
 has ever been put up in this city. The nave is 80 by 46 feet inside 
 measurement; the chancel 22 by 27 feet. It is of the pure pointed 
 Gothic order, and was built after designs, by Dudley, of New York, 
 modified somewhat by J. C. Kiddell, of this city. The pews are 
 of black walnut; the ceilings, of varnished pine. The sittings 
 of the Advent are to be forever free, and the support of the Parish 
 to be looked for in the free offerings of the people. It is contenj- 
 plated by the Rector and Vestry, to establish a Parish School in 
 connection with the Parish, at as early a date as possible. The 
 amount expended on the church, lot and building, to the date, is 
 about $25,000 ; and it requires $5,000 more to complete it. 
 
 CHURCH OF ST. ANNe's, EDGEFIELD. 
 
 This church is a neat framed Gothic building, capable of seating 
 about 200 persons; was built about the year 1858, on a lot generously 
 given for the purpose, by the late Dr. Shelby. It was mainly throuirh 
 the zeal and labor of Dr. Quintard, that this Parish was organized 
 and the church built. Its rectors have been, the Reverends Messrs. 
 Harlow, M. S. Royce, W. J. Ellis, J. H. Bowles and L. P. 
 Tschiffely. The Parish is now vacant; but the Vestry are diligent in 
 looking for a Pastor. 
 
 MISSIONARY STATIONS. 
 
 In addition to the regular Parishes above enumerated, there are 
 two Missionary Stations; one in North Nashville, called " St. Peters,'' 
 where has been built a neat framed Gothic chapel, capable of holding 
 about 150 persons. The other is in the suburbs, near the residence 
 of Dr. Cheatham, and is called the "Gordon Mission." This enter- 
 prise was undertaken by the Rector of the Church of the Holy 
 Trinity, the Reverend M. S. Royce, who holds services there every 
 Sunday afternoon, and who has succeeded in establishing a Parish 
 School on a firm foundation. 
 
 In addition to these, a lot has recently been given to the Bishop 
 for the use of the church. This lot lies in the Hynes' Addition, 
 near the Penitentiary; and the Bishop contemplates building thereon, 
 at no distant day, a small chapel. 
 
452 KASHYILLE AXP HER TRADE. 
 
 Catholic Churches. 
 
 The first CiitlioUo Church ever built in Xashville, was erected 
 during the year 1S"26. It was built by a party of mechauies and la- 
 borers, who came to Xashville from Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Louisville, 
 and other cities, to work on the Old Bridge. This Church was erected 
 near the northern corner of the State House, but nearer the junction 
 of Park and Gay Streets. The lot selected was 100 feet front and 
 140 feet deep. One-half of the property was donated by Mr. Robert 
 Foster 1st, and the other half purcluised of him for the sum of §400. 
 The building was a brick structure, and although primitive in its archi- 
 tectural style, yet was neat and substantial, and cost S3, 500. About 
 the year 1826 the public work on the Bridge having been finished, 
 the Catholic workmen left for other fields. The old Church being 
 abandoned, soon fell into ruin, and not until 1837 was there mention 
 made of re-establishing the Church of Home in the capital of Ten- 
 nessee. During this year, the Ivev. Father Durbin visited Xashville 
 from Morgan County, Kentucky, and proposed to repair the old 
 Church, and to that end donated Si 35 from his own private purse. 
 At that time there were only eight lamilies, beside a few scattering 
 vouno; men, of the Catholic faith in Xashville. Farther Durbin was 
 accustomed to visiting Xashville bi-ennially, and during such visits, 
 celebrated mass in the parlor of Phillip Callaghan, which is now the 
 house occupied by Henry Rattermau, his son-in-law, now situated on 
 ^larket Street, near the corner of Church. Among the attendants, our 
 informant remembers the following old citizens : Mr. and Mrs. Phillip 
 Callao-han, Mr. and ]Slrs. Thos. Farrell, Mr. and ]Mr6. Patrick Kin- 
 nev Mr. and Mrs. Tlios. ]\IeLaughlin, ]Mr. and Mrs. Daniel Barr, 
 and Andrew ISIorrisou, Esq., and that old patriarch of the Church, 
 Mr. Gallagher, at that time book-keeper in the old Union Office^ 
 Immediately after Father Durbin's proposal to repair the Church, 
 ^lessrs. Thomas Farrell and Phillip Callaghan canvassed the City for 
 funds to put the house in order. In a few days they succeeded in ac- 
 cumnhxiing ^l,SOO, two-thirds of which wasfro^m the Protestant mer- 
 chants of Nashville, at that time located about the Public Square. 
 
 In October of 1837, the Right Rev. Bishop "Miles was appointed 
 missionary to Tennessee, and on September IG 1838, was consecrated 
 Bishop of the Diocese of Xashville, and continued services in the old 
 Church, on Capitol Hill, until 1847, when the Cathedral, which 
 stands at the corner of Summer and Cedar Streets was finished. On 
 the 1st of February, 1860, Bisliop Miles died, and the Right Rev. 
 
RELIGIOUS INTEEE-STS. 4Vi 
 
 Jarnes Whelan having hef.-n apf^Mntod cf>-adjutor to Bishop Milos in 
 I80O, succeeded to the charge of the Diocese after the latter'.s demi.'^, 
 and retained the jx>sition until his resignation occurred, which was 
 .sometime in May, 1866. Bishop Whelan was a Priest of the Domin- 
 ican Order, and soon after his resignation here, retired to the Con- 
 vent of his choice, at Srjmerset, Ohio. During the interstice between 
 Bishop AVhelan's retirement and the advent of the Right ReverenrJ 
 Bishop Patrick Feehan, the Reverend Father Kelley officiated as ad- 
 ministrator for the Diocese. On November 1st, I860, BLshop Fee- 
 han wa.s consecrated at St. LouLs, and on the same day, just twelve 
 months after, was regularly installed BLshop of the Diocese of Nash- 
 ville, (which embraces the whole of Tennessee,) and has ever since 
 continued in charge thereof. This brings us up to the present time. 
 From the information furnisher! as, we are enabled to determine the 
 present strength of the Catholic Church in Nashville, at or about 
 5,000 souls. This includes men, women and children, who have been 
 baptized in the Catholic Cliurch, and since one of the tenets of the 
 Church Ls to claim for herself all such, our only mode of determining 
 its numerical strength, is by this statement. Having come this fkr, 
 we will now speak of the various Church buildings. 
 
 THE CATHEDEAL. 
 
 The commencement of the erection of this edifice, dates from the year 
 1845, and the work occupied about two years' time, it having been de«i- 
 icated November 1st, 1847; the Church building cost, when finished, 
 847,000, and its dimensions are 100 by 60 feet. There is one main 
 entrance on the west side, leading up from a flight of stone steps, and 
 one entrance to the choir galler\- at the south-west comer. A triple 
 archway divides a spacious vestibule from the auditorium. In the 
 center of this archway stands the holy iont. The inside of the au- 
 ditorium is well-arranged, and has three aisles separating six rows of 
 pews, which are capable of seating from 900 to 1,000 persons. The 
 chancel is divided from the auditorium, by a small balastrade stretch- 
 ing full length across the hou^e. In the gallery, reserved for the 
 choir, which extends across the building at the western extremitv, i 
 a splendid organ, which was bought in 1849, and though having been 
 in constant use more than twenty years, still possess great power and 
 tone. It is encased in oak, and is of Grecian architecture. It con- 
 tains 24 stops, 2 key boards, 25 gilt pipes, and one octave of pedals, 
 and its cost was about .?2,000. The choir of the Cathedral are 
 
454 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 known the City through, as one of the most accomplished and best 
 selected ever before called together in Nashville. Immediately over 
 the west end of the building, is the belfry, which contains a powerful 
 bell, purchased in 1863. On the south side of the building there is 
 a passage way, which connects the Cathedral with the Bishop's resi- 
 dence adjoining. The basement of the building is used as Sunday 
 School rooms, etc. 
 
 CHURCH OF THE ASSUMPTION, 
 
 Is located in North Nashville, at the corner of Vine and Monroe 
 Streets. It was built in 1856, and is composed for the most part, of 
 the material that was taken from the old Church which stood on 
 Capitol Hill. It was erected under the supervision of the Rev. Ivo 
 Seatchs, a Flemish Priest, who, at that time, lived in Nashville, and 
 who was assisted by the German Congregation worshipping there. At 
 present there is no regular Priest in charge, and the Church is at- 
 tended from the Cathedral. 
 
 ST. John's church, (edgefield.) 
 
 This Church is located in Edgefield, near the junction of the Galla- 
 tin Pike and Spring Street. It was erected about the same time, or 
 a little later than the Church of the Assumption. It is built of brick, 
 in the Gothic style of architecture, is capable of seating 200 per- 
 sons, and cost $7,000. St. John's is attended every Sunday morning 
 from the Cathedral. Its congregation is composed for the most part 
 of Catholic residents of Edgefield, who reside too distant from the 
 City Churches for convenience. 
 
 , Hebrew Synagogues. 
 
 synagogue of the orthodox congregation. 
 
 The Synagogue of the Orthodox Church — K. K. Ohavah Sho- 
 lem, (Lovers of Peace) — is situated on Market Street, north of the 
 Louisville and Nashville Depot. It w\as founded in 1850, and has, 
 at present, soms 65 or 70 members. At present, they have no Rabbi, 
 and services are conducted by the Leader, Mr. J. Kantrawitch. The 
 President of the Congregation is J. Ellis, and the Vice-President, 
 D. C. Meyerhardt. During 1869, this Congregation purchased, for 
 ^6,000, a beautiful piece of property, centrally located, on Vine 
 
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 455 
 
 Street, between Church and Broad, and will, at no distant day, erect 
 thereon a magnificent Synagogue. The designs for the edifice were 
 recently drawn up, and submitted by Dobson & Williamson, archi- 
 tects. The building, which will be 80 by 50 feet, is to be constructed 
 in the Moorish or Saracenic style of architecture, will be surmounted 
 by a handsome minaret, etc., and, altogether, one of the handsomest 
 
 Church edifices in the South. Its cost will probably be . There 
 
 is some possibility that the work will be done during 1870. 
 
 SYNAGOGUE OF THE REFORMED CONGREGATION. 
 
 The Synagogue of the Reformed Congregation of the order of K. 
 K. B. Y. (Sons of Yschuren), was established in Nashville in 1864. 
 During the Summer of 1869, a handsome Synagogue was fitted up 
 in the second story of the Douglass Hall, North Market Street. The 
 walls and ceiling of the Audience-room are beautifully frescoed. The 
 latter is laid oiF in various designs, among them representations of 
 Agriculture, Commerce and Industry. The altar is made of highly 
 polished oil- walnut, and withal the Synagogue is a very creditable 
 house of worship. Rabbi J. Weschler is in charge of the Congre- 
 gation, and services are held every Saturday. There is also an organ 
 and a full choir connected with the Synagogue. 
 
 Colored Churches. 
 
 FIRST COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH, 
 
 Located on Pearl Street, near McLemore, has had its present Pastor 
 Nelson G. Merry, colored, for the past 15 years. The Church build- 
 ing, which was built in 1859, is of brick, and cost ^5,500. Its ca- 
 pacity is 1000. The membership is about 900; Sunday School, 225; 
 Teachers, 30; Volumes in Library, 500. 
 
 SECOND COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH 
 
 Is between High and Summer Streets, near Wilson's Spring. Alex. 
 Buchannan, colored, is the Pastor. The building is of brick, and 
 was built in 1860. Cost, $2,500. Capacity, 400. Membership, 300. 
 Sunday School, 100. Teachers, 15. 
 
 MT. ZION COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 This Church is on Jefferson Street. Jordan Bransford, colored, 
 is Pastor. Membership, 200; Sunday School, 125; Teachers, 12. 
 
456 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 FIRST PRIMITIVE COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH 
 
 Is on Broad Street, west of the Chattanooga Railroad. Pastor, 
 Alfred Nichol, colored. Membership, 150. No Sunday School. 
 
 SECOND PRIMITH'E COLORED BAPTIST CHURCH. 
 
 This Church is located in Trimble's Addition, South Nashville. 
 Pastor, Chas. Maxwell, colored. Membership, 200. No Sunday 
 School. 
 
 ST. Paul's African MErnoDisT episcopal church. 
 
 St. Paul's Colored Methodist Church is located corner Cherry 
 and Franklin Streets. The Pastor is W. R. Revels, M. D., colored. 
 The Membership is 1000 strong; Sunday School, 200; Teachers, 25. 
 The building, at present used, is frame, but a brick is in future con- 
 templation. 
 
 ST. John's African m. e. church. 
 
 The house of worship for this congregation is built of rock, was 
 commenced in 1867, and, when finished, will cost §15,000. Page 
 Tyler, colored, is the present pastor. The membership is 700. Sun- 
 day School, 150; Teachers, 13. 
 
 capers' chapel m. e. church south. 
 
 The house of worship for the colored members of the Methodist Church 
 South, which was named in honor of Bishop Capers, is situated west 
 of the Chattanooga Depot, between Church and Cedar Streets. 
 Chas. Dickson, colored, is the Pastor, and the membership numbers 
 some 125, They have also a flourishing Sunday School. 
 
 Clark's chapel m. e. church, colored. 
 
 This Church is on Franklin Street, between College and Cherry, 
 and was formerly known as Andrew Charge Church. It was 
 sold in 1865, by the Methodist Church South, to the present colored 
 congregation, for $16,000. The Pastor is Wm. Butler, colored. 
 Membership, 400; Sunday School, 150; Teachers, 20; capacity of 
 Church, 600. 
 
RELIGIOUS INTERESTS. 4o7 
 
 SECOND CHRISTIAN COLORED CHURCH. 
 
 On Gay Street, between Spruce and Vine, is the Second Christian 
 Colored Church. The building cost 810,000, is made of brick, and, 
 although commenced in 1865, is not yet completed. Bartlett Parrish, 
 colored, is the Pastor, and it has 175 members; 100 Sunday School 
 Scholars and 10 Teachers. 
 
 UNITED COLORED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 
 
 on Hynes Street, West Nashville, has 300 members, and a Sunday 
 School of 100 Scholars, and Teachers. The Pastor is Rev. 
 Johnson, colored. 
 
 HOWARD CHAPEL. 
 
 This Church, which is owned by the colored Congregationalists, is 
 a tasty brick Gothic structure, and was built at a cost of S9,oOO, 
 during the past year. It has a membership of 300, and a Sunday 
 School with 200 Scholars and 18 Teachers. H. S. Bennett is the 
 
 Pastor. 
 
 « 
 
 lowery's chapel. 
 
 In addition to the above, Rev. Peter Lowery, colored, also has a 
 Church between Monroe and Jefferson Streets, North Nashville, but 
 the membership is small, and the Sunday School is small. 
 
CITY GOYERNMENT OF NASHVILLE. 
 
 The City of Nashville was incorporated as a " town " by the Gen- 
 eral Assembly of the State of Tennessee September 11th, 1806. It 
 was laid off into wards in December, 1820. The following is the 
 list of the Mayors that have served the people since the City's incor- 
 poration : 
 
 1806 Joseph Coleman, 
 
 1807 " " 
 
 1808 " " 
 
 1809 E. J. Bradford. 
 
 1810 " " 
 
 1811 Wm.Tait. 
 
 1812 " " 
 
 1813 " " 
 
 1814 J. T. Elliston. 
 
 1815 " " 
 
 1816 " " 
 
 1817 Stephen Cantrell, Jr. 
 
 1818 Felix Kobertson. 
 
 1819 Thomas Crutcher. 
 
 1820 James Conden. 
 
 1821 Jno. P. Erwin. 
 
 1822 Robert B. Currey. 
 
 1823 " 
 
 1824 Randal McGavock. 
 
 1825 Wilkins Tannehill. 
 
 1826 " " 
 
 1827 Felix Robinson. 
 
 1828 " " 
 
 1829 Wm. Armstrong. 
 
 1830 " " 
 
 1831 " " 
 
 1832 " " 
 
 1833 Jno. M. Bass. 
 
 1834 Jno. p. Erwin. 
 
 1835 Wm. Nichol. 
 
 1836 " " 
 
 1837 H. Hollingsworth. 
 
 YEAR. 
 
 MAYOR. 
 
 1838 H. Hollingsworth. 
 
 1839 C. (\ Trabue. 
 
 1840 " 
 
 1841 S. V. D. Stout. 
 
 1842 Thomas B. Coleman; 
 
 1843 P.W.Maxey. 
 
 1844 " 
 
 1845 Jno. Hugh Smith. 
 
 1846 Jno. A. Goodlett. 
 
 1847 Alex Allison. 
 
 1848 " 
 
 1849 Jno. M. Lea. 
 
 1850 Jno. Hugh Smith. 
 
 1851 " 
 
 1852 " 
 
 1853 Williamson H. Horn. 
 
 1854 W. B. Shapard. 
 
 1855 R. R. Castleman. 
 
 1856 Andrew Anderson. 
 
 1857 Jno. A. MoEwen, 
 
 1858 R. W. McGavock. 
 
 1859 S. N. Hollingsworth. 
 
 1860 R. B. Cheatham. 
 
 1861 " " * 
 
 1862 Jbo. Hugh Smith.t 
 
 1863 " " " 
 
 1864 " 
 
 1865 W. Matt. Brown. 
 
 1866 W.Matt. Brown. 
 
 1867 A. E. Alden. 
 
 1868 " " 
 
 1869 K. J. Morris. 
 
 *From Oct., 1861, to April, 1862. tFrom April, 1862, to Oct., 1862. 
 
CITY GOVERNMENT OF NASHVILLE. 459 
 
 The present City Government is officered as follows: Mayor, K. 
 J. Morris; Recorder, T. J. Haile; Revenue Collector and Treasurer, 
 Anson Nelson ; City Auditor and Mayor's Secretary, Win. Lellyett ; 
 Superintendent Water Works, James Wyatt; Tax Assessor, L. F. 
 Beech; Wharf Master, P. L. Dews; Street Overseer, J. B. Pettit; 
 Clerk of Market, Jno. Tardiff ; City Marshall, J. M. Brantley; Cap- 
 tain of Police, Jas. Everett; Sergeants of Police, J. N. Alexander, 
 W. H. Ambrose, and J. H. Puckett; Chief of Fire Department, 
 Wm. Stockell. 
 
 The following shows the cost of "running" the City per annum : 
 
 1 Mayor, whose salary is $3,000 per annum, without perquisites. 
 
 1 Recorder, whose salary is 2,000 per annum. 
 
 1 Mayor's Secretary, whose salary is 1,200 per annum. 
 
 1 Revenue Collector and Treasurer, whose 
 
 salary is f per cent, on collections. 
 
 1 Tax Assessor, whose salary is 1,500 per annum. 
 
 4 Keepers of Work-house, whose salaries are 900 per annum, each. 
 1 Watchman, whose salary is 900 per annum. 
 
 1 Steward, whose salary is 360 per annum. 
 
 1 Water Tax Collector, whose salary is Sh per cent, on collections. 
 
 1 Sup't Water Works, whose salary is 1,500 per annum. 
 
 1 First Engineer, whose salary is 1500 per annum. 
 
 1 Second Engineer, whose salary is 1,200 per annum. 
 
 6 Firemen, whose salaries are 480 per annum, each. 
 
 5 Pipemen, whose salaries are 600 per annum, each. 
 
 1 City Marshal, whose salary is 1,200 per annum. 
 
 3 Police Commissioners, whose salaries are... Nothing. 
 
 1 Captain Police, whose salary is 1,200 per annum. 
 
 3 Sergeants, whose salaries are 960 per annum, each. 
 
 27 Patrolemen, whose salaries are 900 per annum, each. 
 
 1 Chief of Fire Departm'l, whose salary is... 1,500 per annum. 
 
 5 Captains of Companies, whose salaries are... 960 per annum, each. 
 
 4 Engineers, who.se salaries are 1,200 per annum, each. 
 
 9 Drivers and Firemen, whose salaries are 900 per annum, each. 
 
 16 Runners, whose .salaries are 300 per annum, each. 
 
 First Clerk Market (City Marshal) 
 
 Second Clerk Market, whose salary is — per cent, on collections. 
 
 In addition, there are twenty Councilmen and ten Aldermen, wha 
 receive two dollars for each regular or called meeting. 
 
 The Board of Education is composed of nine members, three for 
 one year from November 1st, 1869, three for two years, and three for 
 three years. The President, Secretary and Treasurer, are elected from 
 the number. The Secretary gets a small salary. The work of the 
 remainder is gratuitous. The Superintendent of Public Schools gets 
 §2,000 per annum. There are in addition some fifty-five teachers. 
 
 FIRE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 In the early days of the City there existed a number of " hand-en- 
 gine fire companies," bucket brigades, etc., but as to the particular date 
 
460 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 of their existence, we are unable to state. Prior to 1860, Nashville 
 had no steam fire engines. In that year the old volunteer organiza- 
 tion was broken up. It had been, perhaps, one of the most efficient 
 fire departments ever in existence. It was composed of gentlemen, many 
 of them the first young men of our City; and, although a spirit of rival- 
 ry and the warmest emulation was kept up between them, yet, unlike 
 most other cities where such organizations prevailed, they did not en- 
 gage in bloody riots, fights, etc. When a fire broke out, each com- 
 pany strove to be at the scene of conflagration first. While there 
 they worked to suppress the flames, and when the fire was over, 
 returned quietly to their homes or places of business. Although, 
 much as w^e regret it, we shall have to pass over their many noble 
 and self-sacrificing efforts for the want of sufficient connecting data, 
 and confine our remarks to the present organization. 
 
 In July, 1859, while Capt. Jno. S. Dashiell was Chief, the City 
 first inaugurated the Steam Fire Department, by purchasing the 
 Hamilton engine. Captain Dashiell remained Chief until he was 
 succeeded in April, 1862, by Jno. M. Seabury, who was in turn, suc- 
 ceeded by L. M. Freeman, July 1863. September, 1865, Louis M. 
 Gorby took charge, and ran the Department about a year with three 
 engines. October, 1866, L. M. Freeman was again elected Chief, 
 and retained it until John Bentley got possession of the place in Octo- 
 ber, 1868. Bentley remained Chief until the month of July, 1869, 
 when the affairs of the corporation were placed in the hands of Jno. 
 M. Bass, Receiver. Mr. Bass called to his assistance the veteran 
 Caj)tain Wm. Stockell, who had "seen service" before, and appoint- 
 ed him his agent with full power to manage the Fire Department, 
 having an eye to the reduction of taxes so far as might be deemed 
 ^practicable with the security of the citizens. During the mouth of 
 September, 1869, at the annual election of city officers, Capt. Stock- 
 ell was elected Chief, which position he at present occupies. 
 
 The Department now consists of four splendid steamers and one 
 Hook and Ladder company, located as follows : 
 
 Eclipse Fire Engine No. 1. — Engine-house south end of the Mar- 
 ket House. Purchased August 7, 1860; built by Latta, of Cincin- 
 nati; weighs 10,500 pounds, and cost §10,000. It has attached eight- 
 een hundred feet of two and a half inch-pipe, six horses, one hose-reel, 
 and one liose-tender. Captain, Jos. Duff; Engineer, Jos. Nanny. 
 
 Hamilton Fire Engine No. 2. — Engine-house South Clierry 
 Street. Purchased July, 1869, at a cost of $6,000. It was built by 
 Nafie & Levy, Philadelphia. It has now eighteen hundred feet of 
 
FIRE DEPARTMENT. 461 
 
 hose, six horses, one hose-carriage, and one dinkey. Captain, Andy- 
 Meadows; Engineer, Geo. W. Jennings. 
 
 Deluge Fire Engine No. 3. — Engine-house South College Street, 
 near Broad. Purchased December, 1860; built by Latta, of Cincin- 
 nati; weighs 10,000 pounds, and cost $5,500. The Deluge has at- 
 tached one thousand nine hundred and fifty feet of hose, one carriage, 
 with all the necessary parajihei-nalia. The captain of the company is 
 Wm. Dale; engineer, Dan'l Shugart. 
 
 ^^'m. Sfockell Fire Engine No. 4. — Engine-house corner College 
 and Taylor Streets. Purchased in July 1867 ; built by "\Vm. JefPers 
 & Sons, Pawtucket, R. I.; weighs four thousand five hundred pounds, 
 and 'cost §4,800. This engine is much lighter and said to be much 
 more useful on account of being able to carry it to and from fires 
 with but two horses. The Wm. Stockell has eighteen hundred feet 
 of hose, a superb hose-carriage of the Amoskeag pattern, three horses 
 and a full complement of necessary appurtenances. 
 
 Hook and Ladder Trucks No. 1. — House on South Summer near 
 Church. Organized March, 1861; built by Hutshorn, of New Jersey; 
 cost §1,500. The company has two horses and a full complement of 
 suitable ladders, hooks, chains, ropes, axes, picks, etc. Jno. W. Al- 
 len, colored, is captain. The company consists of four regular men 
 and four runners. 
 
 Each fire company has five regular men, including captain and en- 
 gineer, beside three runners. The duty of the regular men is to be 
 on duty at all times, day and night, except when relieved. The run- 
 ners are required to be at all fires and alarms, and to remain at their 
 respective engine-houses from 10 o'clock each night until davlio-ht 
 next morning, so as to be ready for service in case of need. The Fire 
 Department is supplied with water by fire-plugs attached to the pipes 
 of the City Water Works, and scattered at convenient distances all 
 over the entire City. In addition, however, the department has use 
 of a splendid cistern, on the Public Square, capable of holding eight 
 hundred barrels of water. 
 
 Nothing could be more eloquent as praise of the eificiency of the 
 present Department than the following statement : During Bentley's 
 administration, from January 1st, 1869, to July 31st, 1869, there 
 were twenty-seven fires and twelve alarms. Total loss of property, 
 §233,955. During Capt. Stoekell's administration, from August 1st, 
 1869, to January 1st, 1870, there were twelve fires and eight alarms. 
 Total loss of property, 811,500. During the last year of Bentley's 
 
462 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 administration, the Department cost the City about $80,000. At 
 present it costs about ^36,000 per annum. 
 
 POLICE DEPARTMENT. 
 
 The Metropolitan Police system was introduced into Nashville in 
 
 1868. At that time, its ranks were for the most part, composed of 
 men in whom the citizens of Nashville reposed but little confidence. 
 This force was disbanded and the present Police inducted into office 
 during 1869. They are well disciplined and equipped, and number 
 thirty-one, officers and men, all told. The quiet of the City tells 
 more powerfully than words the efficiency of the force. The force is 
 regulated by a Board of Police Commissioners, composed of the fol- 
 lowing gentlemen : A. C. Beech, elected for one year. Matt. McClung, 
 elected for two years, and Jas. Haynie, elected for three years from 
 
 1869. The working force is officered as follows: Captain, James 
 Everett; Sergeants, J. N. Alexander, W. H. Ambrose, and J. H. 
 Puckett. The head-quarters of the Police is in the South end of the 
 City Hall, Public Square. 
 
MSIIVILLE IS A PLACE OF EESIDEXCE. 
 
 There yet remain other features of interest regarding our City 
 which we have not yet touched upon, and which, no doubt, will be of 
 advantage to the City to have known. As a j)lace of residence, 
 Nashville enjoys the rare distinction of being desirable alike to the 
 capitalist and ariisan. In this respect, it is generally acknowledged 
 that no other Southern city can compare with if. To the former it 
 offers many attractions that can delight a cultivated mind, and all the 
 luxuries that can please a fastidious palate; while an artisan, if in- 
 dustrious and intelligent, may command probably every thing essen- 
 tial to his present comfort and prospective indej5endence, with constant 
 participation in many of the chief pleasures of the capitalist. In the 
 important particulars of general cleanliness, healthfulness, wholesome- 
 ness of water, and the excellence of its markets, Nashville is unap- 
 proached by Southern cities, and as respects domestic accommoda- 
 tions its superiority over many cities is strikingly revealed. 
 
 CLIMATE OF NASHVILLE. 
 
 Probably the most essential physical advantage of a City lays in 
 its climate — a climate favorable to vigor of mind and health of body. 
 The climate of Nashville, in common with other portions of our 
 State, we may say the country, has undergone important changes with- 
 in a half century. Ice in the Cumberland has not even been seen with- 
 in the past few years, and sleighing and skating hereabouts are things 
 decidedly of sliort duration. In fact, through some seasons lately, 
 no snow worth mentioning has fallen at all, and the weather during 
 January was as genial as Spring. In the Summer, the thermometer 
 sometimes rises for a few consecutive days above 95°; but the tern- 
 
464 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 peratiire invariably diminishes sensibly after sunset, and the nights 
 are generally comfortable and refreshing, and often delightful. It is 
 the experience of most Northern people who come to this part of the 
 South, that they do not suffer from the heat as much here as they did 
 in the North. 
 
 PURITY OF WATER. 
 
 Since water, like climate, has a sanitary bearing on a City's ad- 
 vantages, it is of the highest importance to every community to have 
 a bountiful supply of that good and wholesome beverage so freely be- 
 stowed by God himself to ''beautify the earth and nourish and invig- 
 orate his creatures." Then, too, villages and hamlets are oftener 
 than from any other one cause, located in proximity to good water, 
 and the better they are supplied with this element, the sooner they 
 become towns and cities. So far as the purity of water contained in 
 the Cumberland River is concerned, it has never been disputed. 
 Scientific chemists who have given it thorough analyzation, report it 
 distinguished above almost all other waters for its purity and freedom 
 from organic matter. And in support of their able and truthful as- 
 sertion, we would remind our readers that, unlike the limestone water 
 drawn from wells in the vicinity, it comes rolling down from the 
 springs and caves of Cumberland Mountains, fed by the driven 
 snows of Winter and thousands of tributary streams that gush forth 
 pure and unadulterated free-stone water. By filtering, it easily as- 
 sumes its original clearness, and in its absorption of ice, retains for a 
 long time the coolness that it possesses while in its mountain home. 
 And again, having deteriorated, in no important respects from its 
 former excellent quality, it is superior to most waters for cooking, 
 laundry and manufacturing purposes. 
 
 Prof. H. T. Yaryan, Chemist, has favored us with the following 
 analysis of Cumberland River water, af:er allowing it to settle for 12 
 hours. Quantity of water tested, one gallon. 
 
 Total Mineral Impurities 6.169 grains. 
 
 " Organic " 954 
 
 Total Impurities 7.123 " 
 
 This analysis shows the Cumberland River, as supplied to Nash- 
 ville, second only to the Croton Water supplied New York City. It 
 has been charged by people who know but little of such matters, that 
 the late visitation of cholera, so severely felt in Nashville, was due 
 to our river. The above, however, proves its fallacy — showing, as it 
 does, less than one grain of vegetable matter to the gallon. 
 
STATISTICS OF HEALTH. 465 
 
 In addition to this, we might also mention the excellent, and wc 
 might say famous, mineral waters of Nashville. We have here in 
 this City, perhaps one of the finest Sulphur Springs in the Union, 
 never failing, and situated almost in the heart of the City. It is the 
 same as was known in the early days of the City as the French Salt 
 Lick. Its salutary medicinal effects are universally admitted by 
 physicians who recommend it highly. By many, it is used dailv as 
 a beverage. 
 
 There are also several very fine Chalybeate Springs in close proxi- 
 mity to the City. 
 
 STATISTICS OF HEALTH. 
 
 The comparative healthfulness of various cities has been made a 
 subject of careful observation by physicians and others, for more than 
 a half century, and the tables of mortality have uniformly shoMii 
 that Nashville is one of the most lieaUhy of the cities of ihe South, and 
 the bills of mortality as shown by various reports of the City Sex- 
 tons, prove that in a sanitary point of view, Nashville is indeed 
 highly favored. The fact, it is stated, was first discovered by Forster, 
 the Naturalist, that the interior valley of the continent was very sin- 
 gularly free from the extremes of temperature that prevail along the 
 coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It is this, doubtless, that exem])ts us 
 from the yellow fever, which has repeatedly prevailed in New York 
 Philadelphia, Norfolk, Savannah, New Orleans, etc. We are also far 
 below the line which marks the limit of the typhus fever zone. 
 Cases of consumption, or any form of tubercular disease, are very 
 rare here, while the diseases of children are as unfrequent and not 
 more fatal in proportion, than those of adults. In view of the general 
 health of the city, the conclusion is irresistible that ihe climatical 
 conditions that produce disastrous sickness in various forms else- 
 where, are not present in this latitude. In 1860, during the pre- 
 valence of the Asiatic Cholera in Nashville, Dr. Joseph Jones, then 
 Health Officer of the City of Nashville, but now Professor of Chem- 
 istry in the College of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, made an 
 elaborate report to the City Board of Health, full of valuable statis- 
 tical information regarding the sanitary condition of Nashville. 
 Much of the report was presented in tabular form, and we extract 
 the following, as showing the total deaths in the City of Nashville 
 from all causes, as consolidated by Dr. Jones, from all the records ot 
 the various Cemeteries from 1822 to 1867, M'ith Annual Death Kate 
 
 and per cent, of Deaths to Living Inhabitants — the deaths of Confed- 
 30 
 
46 G 
 
 NASHVILLE AND HER TRADE. 
 
 erate and Federal soldiers during the late civil war, being excluded 
 from the figures and calculations : 
 
 Year. 
 
 Total Deaths. 
 
 1 Deatli in so raaaiy 
 inhabitant.'^. 
 
 Per cent, of Deaths 
 amongst inliabitants. 
 
 1822 
 
 69 
 
 44 
 
 2.2 
 
 1823 
 
 74 
 
 46.7 
 
 2.1 
 
 1824 
 
 102 
 
 38.8 
 
 2.6 
 
 1825 
 
 71 
 
 62.7 
 
 1.5 
 
 1826 
 
 105 
 
 47 
 
 2.1 
 
 1827 
 
 129 
 
 39 
 
 2.5 
 
 1828 
 
 166 
 
 31.7 
 
 3.1 
 
 1829 
 
 208 
 
 26 
 
 3.4 
 
 1833 
 
 355 
 
 16.8 
 
 5.9 
 
 1834 
 
 175 
 
 34.9 
 
 2.8 
 
 1835 
 
 336 
 
 18.5 
 
 5.4 
 
 1836 
 
 225 
 
 28.3 
 
 3.5 
 
 1837 
 
 198 
 
 32.9 
 
 3 
 
 1838 
 
 185 
 
 35.9 
 
 2.7 
 
 1839 
 
 205 
 
 32 
 
 3 
 
 1840 
 
 222 
 
 31 
 
 3.8 
 
 1841 
 
 271 
 
 27.2 
 
 3.6 
 
 1842 
 
 214 
 
 36.6 
 
 2.7 
 
 1843 
 
 269 
 
 33.4 
 
 2.9 
 
 1844 
 
 319 
 
 27.1 
 
 3.6 
 
 1845 
 
 246 
 
 37.4 
 
 2.6 
 
 1846 
 
 380 
 
 25.0 
 
 4 
 
 1847 
 
 484 
 
 20.9 
 
 4.7 
 
 1848 
 
 569 
 
 18.5 
 
 5.4 
 
 1349 
 
 767 
 
 14.4 
 
 6.8 
 
 1850 
 
 911 
 
 12.6 
 
 7.9 
 
 1851 
 
 405 
 
 29.7 
 
 3.3 
 
 1852 
 
 559 
 
 22.5 
 
 4.4 
 
 1853 
 
 448 
 
 20.3 
 
 2.4 
 
 1854 
 
 633 
 
 20.7 
 
 4.8 
 
 1855 
 
 499 
 
 29 
 
 3.4 
 
 1856 
 
 453 
 
 32.6 
 
 2 
 
 1857 
 
 525 
 
 29.2 
 
 3.4 
 
 1858 
 
 518 
 
 30.6 
 
 3.2 
 
 1859 
 
 643 
 
 25.5 
 
 3.9 
 
 1860 
 
 799 
 
 21.2 
 
 4.9 
 
 1861 
 
 612 
 
 27.8 
 
 3.6 
 
 1862 
 
 802 
 
 
 
 1863 
 
 903 
 
 
 
 1864 
 
 1730 
 
 
 
 1865 
 
 1711 
 
 
 
 1866 
 
 2071 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 20248 
 
 
STATISTICS OF HE4LTH. 467 
 
 "During 1822, 1829 inclusive, the annual death rate of Nashville 
 was 2.43 per cent., or one death in 41 of the inhabitants. During 
 ten years, 1833 to 1843, the death rate was 3,58 per cent., or one 
 death in 27.9 inhabitants. During the succeeding ten years, 1843 to 
 1853, the death rate was 4,46 per cent., or one death annually in 
 21.9 inhabitants. In the nine succeeding years, the death rate of 
 Nashville, 1853 to 1862, was 3.72 per cent., or one death in 26.8 of 
 the inhabitants, and during the entire period, 1822 to 1862, the an- 
 nual death rate was 3.4 per cent., or one death annually on an average 
 in 29.4 inhabitants." During the epidemics of 1833, '35, '49, '50, '54 
 and '55, as Prof. Jones shows, the average was much greater than 
 during other years, but the above figures are the total average. "The 
 death rate of Nashville, in comparison with that of many cities, has 
 been, without doubt, both relatively and actually increased by the 
 ravages of an imported and exotic pestilence. Cholera caused nearly 
 one-tenth of all the deaths recorded in tlie city of Nashville from 
 1821 to 1867." 
 
 From other information in our possession, we will make a com- 
 parative statement with other cities. In 1855, for instance. New 
 York contributed 1 in every 28 of its population ; Baltimore and 
 Boston, 1 in every 39, and Philadelphia 1 in every 47, while Nash- 
 ville, with the cholera raging fearfully that year, only gave 1 in 29, 
 which is less than New York, and a favorable comparison with other 
 cities not similarly afflicted. We are exceedingly sorry that avc have 
 not actual statistics regarding other Southern cities, so as to show a 
 comparison between them and Nashville, yet we state it as the opin- 
 ion of eminent physicians, that the sanitary condition of the latter 
 is far more favorable than any of the seaboard cities, by at least one- 
 third advantage, and will average from one-fourth to one-sixth ad- 
 vantage over any of the inland cities of the South. Prof. Jones 
 furthermore says : 
 
 " The recent civil war has left the city of Nashville a most dan- 
 gerous inheritance, in the numerous small houses and shanties, hud- 
 dled together in the environs of the city," without system, without 
 regular streets, and Avithout any facilities for the enforcement of 
 hygienic regulations. These "gangrenous belts which encircle the cen- 
 tral portion of the city with their crowded, and oftimes destitute in- 
 habitants, form a most favorable field for the lodgement and spread 
 of such diseases as sniall-pox and cholera." 
 
 Such was the sanitary condition of Nashville in 1867. Three 
 years only have passed, and mark the change ; the " numerous small 
 
468 NASHVILLE AND HER TEADE. 
 
 houses and shanties huddled together in the environs of the city" 
 have given place to neat, comfortable, well-ventilated residences, and 
 the "gangrenous belt that encircled the central portion," has vanish- 
 ed before the efforts of an army of scavengers and sanitary police, and 
 the system of sewerage and drainage, so favorable in itself from nature, 
 yet greatly added to by artificial means, has rendered our beloved 
 city highly favorable in the scale of health. 
 
 RENT OF BUILDINGS. 
 
 In a previous portion of our work we referred to the low rent of 
 buildings in the city of Xashville, compared with other places of like 
 pretensions. In this respect we firmly believe that our Real Estate 
 Agents can offer applicants as favorable propositions, all things con- 
 sidered, as can be obtained in a majority of instances. 
 
 The custom prevails here, too, of selling town lots on desirable 
 terms, so as to give to the man of small means facilities that he can- 
 not ordinarily obtain in other cities. For instance, if he have but 
 money enough to erect a house, he can procure a lot on credit, })aya- 
 ble by annual payments, and by such other easy modes. By this 
 means it is quite common for mechanics, small tradesmen, and even 
 laborers, to become owners of homesteads in the suburbs, which, by 
 street railways that are being introduced in every quarter, will be 
 brought nearer to the center than ever before. 
 
 The leading Real Estate Agents in the city are Messrs. Arringtou, 
 Farrar & Weakley, 51 North College ; Browns & Cheatham, 64 North 
 Cherry J!:treet; Callender & Garrett, 50 North Cherry Street, John- 
 son & Smith, 54 North College Street; A. V. S. Lindsley & Sons, 
 40 North College Street; H. G. Scovel, 20 Cedar Street; Walker & 
 Walker, corner Union and Cherry Streets; and M. W. Wetmore, 64 
 North Cherry Street. 
 
 THE MARKETS OF NASHVILLE. 
 
 Again, no one need be told that, with substances used as food, the 
 markets of Nashville are always abundantly supplied at moderate 
 prices. The counties immediately surrounding Nashville vie with 
 each other, and rival the best counties in any other State, both in the 
 quality and quantity of their productions. Much of the land within 
 five or six miles of the city, in every direction, is devoted to the pur- 
 pose of market gardens, and is kept in the highest state of cultiva- 
 tion. Two crops are very commonly produced on the same ground 
 
THE MARKETS OF NASHVILLE. 469 
 
 in one season. The neighborhood of Xashvillc contributes abundant 
 supplies of such grateful luxuries as the musk-melon, the water- 
 melon, sweet potatoes, cucumbers, peaches, pears, grapes, plums, apples, 
 and in fact nearly all of the luxuries of the temperate zone, and 
 many of those of the tropics. The superiority of the butter of Xash- 
 ville, and the great neatness ^\dth which it is generally prepared fur 
 market, are generally acknowledged. While, in other cities, it 
 scarcely, if ever, comes below a quarter of a dollar per pound, we 
 believe the average price here will not exceed twenty cents per an- 
 num. Other articles of food are proportionately low. 
 
 The Various Trades. 
 
 We have taken the trouble to group together, as we think, a pretty 
 fair estimate of the number of mechanics and artisans in the city, 
 together with a fair average of wages given, with the hope that such 
 an article may induce many more skilled workmen to come and make 
 their homes among us. Such an article appeared in the columns of 
 the \ashuille Union and American, some time since; but, from 
 more recent observations, we are enabled to add somewhat to that 
 report; and after careful investigation, find that there are, in the 
 city, about 
 
 100 Bakers who receive from §1 50 to $3 25 per dav. 
 
 120 Blacksmiths " " '' 2 00" 4 00 " ' 
 
 80 Book-binders (inclu- 
 ding girls) " " " 1 00 " 4 00 " 
 
 40 Boiler-makers " " " 3 50" 4 00 " 
 
 100 Brick-masons " " " 150" 4 00 " 
 
 25 Broom-makers " " " 1 50 " 3 50 " 
 
 80 Cabinet-makers " " " 1 50 " 5 00 " 
 
 500 Carpenters " " " 2 00" 3 50 " 
 
 60 Carriage-makers " " " 2 00" 3 50 " 
 
 ] SO Chair-makers " " " 50" 4 00 " 
 
 70 Coopers and Wa2;on- 
 
 makers T..... " " " 3 00 " 4 00 " 
 
 75 Foundry-men " " " 2 00 " 4 00 " 
 
 20 Gun and Locksmiths " " " 2 00 " 3 00 " 
 
 30 Jewelers " " " 2 00" 5 00 " 
 
 30 Marble-workers " ■' " 3 50" 4 50 " 
 
 60 Millers " " " 3 00" 6 00 " 
 
 25 Painters " " " 2 50" 3 00 
 
 150 Plasterers " " " 3 00 " 3 50 " 
 
 50 Plumbers " " " 2 00 " 4 00 " 
 
 80 Printers " " " 22 00 " 35 OOperweek 
 
470 NASHVILLE AND HEE TEADE. 
 
 60 Saddlers who receive from |1 50 to $4 00 per day. 
 
 250 Shoemakers " " " 7 00 " 20 00 per week 
 
 25 Soap-makers " " " 2 00 '' 3 00 per day. 
 
 25 Stone-masons " '' " 1 50 " 4 00 " 
 
 40 Tailors " " " 12 00 " 30 OOperweek 
 
 50 Tanners " " " 150 " 5 00 per day. 
 
 175 Tinners " " " 2 00 " 4 00 " * 
 
 30 Upholsterers " " " 3 00 " 5 00 " 
 
 The above are what we conceive to be the leading mechanical 
 occupations. There may be instances where we have missed the 
 mark, but we venture to say that, were a definite census taken, our 
 conclusions would be found in the main correct. We only claim for 
 it a fair average. We are aware that there are legions of other ar- 
 tisans in the city : such as barbers, bonnet-bleachers, brewers, butchers, 
 cigar-makers, paper-hangers, etc., etc. ; but, from the figures given, 
 any well-posted journeyman should be able to gain, at least, an idea 
 of the worth of his work in Nashville. 
 
 In conclusion, we would say that Nashville should not be content 
 with what she has already done. Her commercial destiny exacts 
 Si^mething more than self-complacent reflections on what she has ac- 
 cjmplished; for surely, if there is a spot on the habitable globe on 
 which Nature, in the collocation and accumulation of her stores of 
 mineral and agricultural wealth, has smiled benignantly and munifi- 
 cently, it is on this city. If intelligent foreigners, having the con- 
 trol of European capital, could be induced to scale the walls by which 
 the pretensions of neighboring communities endeavor to hide us from 
 view, and come here and examine for themselves, the resources and 
 capabilities of Nashville and Tennessee — study, as suspiciously as 
 they please, the social and moral character of her citizens, whether 
 commercial men or not — find them, as they will with rare excep- 
 tions, homogeneous as a population, of purely conservative sentiment, 
 untainted by fanaticism, willing to let everybody alone, and to be let 
 alone, and anxious to join in the development of the natural wonders 
 of their State — if capital from abroad, following the most purely 
 selfish instinct, were to come here seeking investments, nowhere could 
 they be found more secure than in the internal commerce, the manu- 
 factories, the raining enterprises of Tennessee — in her public stocks, 
 or in her real estate. 
 
T isr D EX 
 
inSTDEX. 
 
 * . Page 
 
 Agricultural Implements and Seeds 86 
 
 T. H. Jones & Co 88 
 
 Agricultural Implement Manufactories 173 
 
 Amusement, places of. 301 
 
 Architects 342 
 
 Dobson & "Williamson 343 
 
 John L.Smith 343 
 
 James ' . Kiddell Front poster, inside. 
 
 Architectural Improvements 49 
 
 Art and Artists 342 
 
 «;. C. Giers 343 
 
 Artificial Arms and Legs 175 
 
 Banks 249 
 
 Third National Bank 350f 
 
 First ational Bank 251 
 
 Eichland Savings Bank 253 
 
 First National Bank of Murfreesboro 253 
 
 Murfresboro Savings Bank 253 
 
 Barrel Manut'actories 175 
 
 Bell and Brass Foundries 176 
 
 Perry & Dumont 177 
 
 Benevolent Orders, Associations, etc 391 
 
 Masonic Fraternity 392 
 
 Odd Fellowship 394 
 
 Red Men 396 
 
 Pale Faces 397 
 
 Sons of Tern perance 398 
 
 Nashville Bible Society 398 
 
 Nashville Tract Society 399 
 
 Teonessee Memorial Society 399 
 
 Robertson Association 400 
 
 Tennessee iMedical Society 400 
 
 Nashville Medical Society 401 
 
 Concordia Club 402 
 
 Caledonia Society 402 
 
 German Relief Society 403 
 
 Swiss Relief Association 403 
 
 Nashville Blood Horse Association 403 
 
 Tennessee Horticultural Society 404 
 
 Tennessee Apiarian Society 404 
 
 Fenian Brotherhood 404 
 
 Hibernian Society 4o5 
 
 St. Joseph's Total Abstinence Society 405 
 
 St. Vincent De Paul Society 405 
 
 St. Mary's Orphan Association 405 
 
 German Immigration Society 406 
 
 Order of Harugari 406 
 
474 INDEX. 
 
 Benevolent Orders, Associations, -etc.— Continued. Page' 
 
 Nashville Turn-Verein 406 
 
 Sharpshooters' Society 407 
 
 Bnai Brith 407 
 
 Young Men's Hebrew Benevolent Society 407 
 
 Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society 407 
 
 Hai-monia Society 407 
 
 Nashville Typographical Union No. 20 408 
 
 St. Crispin Society 409 
 
 Additional Societies, Clubs, etc 409 
 
 Colored Societies 409 
 
 Bitters 178 
 
 R. P.Jenkins 179 
 
 M. C. Cotton 180 
 
 Boiler and Sheet Iron Works 181 
 
 Wood & Simpson 182 
 
 Bone Fertilizer Works ! 185 
 
 Books and Stationery 134 
 
 W. C.Collier &■ Co 340 
 
 Book Binderies 231 
 
 Paul &Tavel 229 
 
 Marshall & Bruce 230 
 
 Boots, Shoes and Hats 75 
 
 A.G. Adams & Co 76 
 
 Pigue, Manier & Hall 78 
 
 Carrick, Hollins & Co 79 
 
 Boot & Shoe Manufactories 183 
 
 James W. Hamilton & Son 200 
 
 Breweries 185 
 
 Brickworks 187 
 
 Britannia Ware 157 
 
 * Smith Brothers 155 
 
 Broom Manufactories 187 
 
 R. A. Toon & Co 177 
 
 Business Facilities of Nashville 303 
 
 Carriage Manufactories 189 
 
 Cedar Ware Manufactories 190 
 
 Prewitt, Spurr & Co 191 
 
 Chair Manufactories 192 
 
 iaylor, Barry & Vedder 193 
 
 Rich & Kreig 193 
 
 Changes in the City 48 
 
 Chemical Works 196 
 
 Dortch & Haddox ;••• 197 
 
 C.W.Smith 198 
 
 China, Queensware and Glass 93 
 
 Hicks, Houston & Co 94 
 
 Campbell & Spire 95 
 
 Churches AND Religious Institutions 430 
 
 Methodist Churches 432 
 
 McKendree Church 433 
 
 Elm Street Church 434 
 
 Tulip Street Church 434 
 
 North Nashville Methodist Church 434 
 
 Hobson's Chapel 434 
 
 Trinity Church 434 
 
 Union Methodist E. Church 435 
 
 Presbyterian (Churches 4.35 
 
 First Presbyterian Church 437 
 
 Second Presbyterian Church 440 
 
 Edgefield Presbyterian Church 441 
 
 Cumberland Presbyterian Churches 441 
 
 First Cumberland Presbyterian Church 441 
 
INDEX. 475 
 
 Churches, etc. — Continued. Page 
 
 Second Cumberland Presbyterian Church 442 
 
 Christian Churches .'. 443 
 
 Baptist Churches 444 
 
 First Baptist Church 444 
 
 Cherry Street Baptist Church 445 
 
 Central Baptist Church 445 
 
 Primitive Baptist Church 446 
 
 Edgefield BajUist Church 446 
 
 Episcopal Churches 446 
 
 Christ Church 448 
 
 Church of tlie Holy Trinity 449 
 
 Church of the Advent 449 
 
 Church of St. Anne's 451 
 
 Missionary Stations 451 
 
 Catholic Churches 452 
 
 Cathedral 453 
 
 Church of the Assumption 454 
 
 St. John's Church, Edgefield 454 
 
 Hebrew Synagogues 454 
 
 Orthodox 454 
 
 Reformed 4.55 
 
 Colored Churches 455 
 
 First Baptist Church 455 
 
 Second Baptist Church 455 
 
 Mt. Zion Baptist Church 4.55 
 
 First Primitive Baptist Church 456 
 
 Second Primitive Baptist Church 456 
 
 St. Paul's African M, E. Church 456 
 
 St. John's African M. E. Church 4.56 
 
 Caper's Chapel, M. E. Church South 456 
 
 Clark's Chapel, M. E. Church 456 
 
 Second Christian Church 457 
 
 United Colored Presbyterian ' hurch 457 
 
 Howard Chapel 457 
 
 Lowery's ( hapel 457 
 
 Cigar Manufactories 199 
 
 J. D. Hurst 177 
 
 City Government 458 
 
 Fire Department 459 
 
 Police Department 462 
 
 Clotliing 73 
 
 Gordon, Rankin & Ordway 74 
 
 B. H. Cooke & Co 74 
 
 Toal— Its Local Trade 260 
 
 Confectionery 112 
 
 Robert Thompson & Co 113 
 
 G. H. Wesselct Son 113 
 
 Cotton 59 
 
 Reid. Chadbonrn & Co 60 
 
 Thos. Parkes& Co 61 
 
 Geo. C. Allen & fo 61 
 
 J. N. Sperry & Co 61 
 
 McCre^ & Co 62 
 
 IMcAlister & Wheless 62 
 
 French & Brown 62 
 
 J. M. Carsey, Son & Co 62 
 
 Dedication 3 
 
 Dentistry 345 
 
 Dr. R. Russell 345 
 
 Distilleries 201 
 
 Drugs and (Chemicals 90 
 
 Litterer & Cabler 91 
 
476 INDEX. 
 
 Drugs and Chemicals — Continued. Page. 
 
 Berry, Demoville & <'o 92 
 
 Kinkade, Handly & Co 92 
 
 Dry Goods 64 
 
 Gardner, Buckner & Co 65 
 
 Evaus, Fite, Porter & Co 66 
 
 Furman& Co 68 
 
 Cowan & Co 70 
 
 Fite, Anderson & Green 71 
 
 Morgan, O'Bryan & Co 71 
 
 Fishel»fe Brother 71 
 
 Educationai. Matters 411 
 
 Public School System 412 
 
 University of Nashville 413 
 
 Medical Department 419-420 
 
 Law Department 421 
 
 Montgomery Bell Academy 422 
 
 Ward's Seminary for Young Ladies 424-425 
 
 St. Cecilia's Academy 427 
 
 St. Bernard's Academy •• 428 
 
 St. Mary's Parochial School 428 
 
 Private Schools and Academies 429 
 
 Engine and Machine Shops 202 
 
 Express Companies 320 
 
 Fashion Bazaars 279 
 
 H. A. Huntington 280 
 
 Ely & Whiteside 282 
 
 E. T. Kirkpatrick 282 
 
 Douglas & Solomon 283 
 
 Gray & Noble 284 
 
 Jno. Browne • 286 
 
 W. A. Benson c\ Co 287 
 
 E. & J. Northman 290 
 
 Mrs. J. C. Barry 290 
 
 T. K. Winstead & Co 290 
 
 Fast Freight Lines 327 
 
 Flouring Mills 203 
 
 Furniture 96 
 
 N. L. Greenfield 97 
 
 Furniture Manufactories 205 
 
 Weakley & Warren 206 
 
 Furs 207 
 
 Gas Fitters and Plumbers 263 
 
 Henderson Brothers 264 
 
 Grain and Flour 115 
 
 Massengale, Douglas & Co 116 
 
 Rhea, Smith & Co 117 
 
 Thos. Parkes&Co 117 
 
 Dickey & t^mith 118 
 
 M. A. Parrish & Co 118 
 
 Jno. J. McCann cfc Co 60 
 
 Groceries 98 
 
 Ewing & Co 99 
 
 S. B. Spurlock &Co 100 
 
 R. L.Weakley 100 
 
 Morris & Stratton lOO 
 
 VV. W. Totten & Bro 100 
 
 Bailey & Sperry 101 
 
 A Tyler & Co 101 
 
 Orr Brothers 101 
 
 Clark, Gregory, Moulton & Co 101 
 
INDEX. 477 
 
 Page 
 Gun Powder Manufactory 9Qg 
 
 E. Mclver & Co. 
 
 209 
 
 Hardware j^^^ 
 
 Craighead, Breast & Gibson 81 
 
 Gray & Kirkman 83 
 
 Hughes & Anderson .!!!.!!.!!"! 83 
 
 Macey & Brown "!"!!. 83 
 
 Historical Sketcii of Nashville 13 
 
 Hoop Skirt Manufactories 210 
 
 Loveman Brothers 9Qg 
 
 HoteU and Restaurants /_ _ 292 
 
 Maxwell House '[ 093 
 
 Linck's Plotel oi,';^ 
 
 City Hotel ] ' 7)',^-^ 
 
 Stacey House 9qj 
 
 Merchants' Exchange. 34«.^ 
 
 Ozanne & Owen 2<)7 
 
 Louisville Hotel 9f)_:5 
 
 Huntsville Hotel 3^g 
 
 If^e : 2^5 
 
 Lake Kingston Ice Company .),j(j 
 
 Ice Manufactory ."^q 
 
 Insurance Business 9-^ 
 
 Widow & Orphan Fund Life Insurance Co ' ''J55 
 
 Farnsworth & Clark * 255 
 
 Moore & George 256 
 
 ISTashville Life Insurance Co 2,58 
 
 Nashville Commercial Insurance Co 959 
 
 Tennesse Marine and Fire Insurance Co 259 
 
 State Insurance Co, 261 
 
 ^tna Life Insurance Co 261 
 
 Introductory 7 
 
 Iron ] 34 
 
 Hillman Brother & Sons 35 
 
 Iron — pioximity of jg5 
 
 resources of. jq-j 
 
 — ' cost of Manufacturing n^j 
 
 Iron Foundries 211 
 
 T. M. Erennan & Bro 212 
 
 J. B. Komans ^ 9j9 
 
 Wm. Stewart & Son 9J2 
 
 College Hill Iron WorKs 3^^ 
 
 Jewelry j52 
 
 Gates & Pohlman j52 
 
 F. L. Davies & Bro J53 
 
 F. L. Davies & Bro Back Poster 
 
 George 11. Calhoun & Co 254 
 
 F. S. Badoux. 
 E. 
 
 155 
 
 Wiggers Front Poster, In.-ide. 
 
 Leather and Hides 226 
 
 Hamilton & Cunningham 227 
 
 J. Lumsden & Co 228 
 
 Hudson & Hickey 230 
 
 C. A. Litterer 230 
 
 Walsh t^ Mc'^overn 230 
 
 Leather Manufactories 214 
 
 Linseed and Cotton Seed Oil 92g 
 
 J. F. O'Shaughnessy & Co 217 
 
 Liquors " 203 
 
478 INDEX. 
 
 Liquors — Continued. Page. 
 
 Charles Nelson 104 
 
 Cheatham & Kinney 105 
 
 Cheatham & Woods 106 
 
 Byrne Bros. &Co 106 
 
 J.'S. Anderson 106 
 
 Livestock 275 
 
 M.S. Combs 277 
 
 Lumber and Kindred Branches 267 
 
 Simmons & Phillips 268 
 
 Richard B. Wright 268 
 
 W. R. McFarland 270 
 
 Wm. Sutherland & Co 272 
 
 P. J. Sexton 274 
 
 Warren & Moore 274 
 
 Manufacturing advantages for 159 
 
 Marble and Freestone Works 220 
 
 Swan & Brown 221 
 
 Mattress Manufactories 222 
 
 Leascher & Miller 223 
 
 Millinery Ooods 69 
 
 W. H. Simmonds 71 
 
 Mill Stone Manufactories 224 
 
 Mineral Water Manufactories 225 
 
 M. McCormack & Co 223 
 
 John W. Morton & Co 22G 
 
 Music and Musical Instruments 137 
 
 James A. McClure • 138 
 
 Nashville in 1870 • 43 
 
 Nashville as a Place of Residence 463 
 
 Climate 463 
 
 Water, purity of. 464 
 
 Health. Statistics of 465 
 
 Rent of Buildings 468 
 
 Markets 468 
 
 Various Trades •• 469 
 
 Newspapers and Periodicals 330 
 
 Republican Banner 332 
 
 Union and American 334 
 
 Lebanon Berald S38 
 
 Combs & Neville 338 
 
 Oil Refineries "'-^ 
 
 Opinions of Intelligent Strangers 51 
 
 Paper Manufactories — ° 
 
 Rock City Paper Mills 230 
 
 Preparatory Remarks ^^ 
 
 Produce i:-, 
 
 C. R. Parsons& Co l-'^ 
 
 Gennett & Co 12o 
 
 Prospective Manufactories ^47 
 
 Provisions •"• j-^J^ 
 
 Hart& Hensley ^-^'^ 
 
 Public Buildings and Institutions 349 
 
 State Capitol ^49 
 
 Hospital for Insane ^^^ 
 
 Institute for the Blind %0 
 
 House of Industry ^oL 
 
 Protestant Orphan Asylum 3b.3 
 
 St, Mary's Orphan Asylum 364 
 
 gtate Penitentiary "^^'^ 
 
INDEX. 479 
 
 Public Buildings and I-sjsiitvtioss- Continued. Page. 
 
 County Jail qq,J 
 
 Court House 370 
 
 Market IIouHe 37I 
 
 City Hall 3.".. '.'..." 3 !!!!!! 372 
 
 City Workhou=e 379 
 
 Poor House 373 
 
 Pest House 373 
 
 St. Vincent's Hospital 374 
 
 City Post Office ........!........, .374 
 
 City Water Works '. 37(5 
 
 City Gas Works 379 
 
 Suspension Bridge 381 
 
 Kailroad Bridge 3g2 
 
 Fair Grounds 383 
 
 Race Course 384 
 
 Cemeteries 38,5 
 
 City Cemetery 385 
 
 Mount Olivet Cemetery 387 
 
 Confederate Cemetery 388 
 
 Old Catholic Cemetery 388 
 
 Mt. Calvary Cemetery 389 
 
 National Cemetery 339 
 
 Mount Ai-arat (colored) Cemetery 339 
 
 Helire \v Cemetery 39O 
 
 Railavay System 303 
 
 Nasliville & Chattanooga Railroad 307 346 
 
 Nashville& Decatur Railroad 308 
 
 Louisville & Nashville Railroad 310 
 
 Edgefield & Kentucky Railroad 312 
 
 Evansville, Henderson & Nashville Rail Road 313 
 
 Nashville & North-western Railroad 314 347 
 
 Tennessee & Pacific Railroad 315 
 
 Relics of the Past 39O 
 
 Retail Trade 288 
 
 River Transportation 31 tj 
 
 Nashville & Cairo Packet Line 319 
 
 Roofing Manufactories 234 
 
 Jas. Walker & Son 235 
 
 Tennessee Iron Car Roofing Co 235 
 
 Saddlery, Coach ware, and Saddlery Hardware 131 
 
 Jno. Morrow & Son 132 
 
 M. Burns & Co I33 
 
 C. L. Howerton ". 133 
 
 C. A. Litterer I33 
 
 Sewing Mach ines I47 
 
 Grover -^ Baker 148 
 
 Howe 149 
 
 Florence 150 
 
 Soap and Candle Manufactories 237 
 
 Statistics 291 
 
 Steam Candy Works 239 
 
 Stoves and Tinware 142 
 
 Pliillil)s, Butlorfi" & Co I43 
 
 McClnre, Buck & Co I44 
 
 Moore, Collins & ( o, 140 
 
 Street Railways 328 
 
 Stucco Works 238 
 
 Sugar Cane Machinery 241 
 
 Southern Manufacturing Co 242 
 
 Telegraph Facilities 323 
 
480 INDEX. 
 
 Telegraph Facilities — Continued. Page. 
 
 Western Union Telegraph Co 324 
 
 Tobacco and Cigars 108 
 
 J. & L. Whorley 109 
 
 Appel & Brother 109 
 
 Geo. F. Akers 110 
 
 Hollister Brothers 110 
 
 M. Ryan 110 
 
 Toys, Fancy Goods and Fire Works 158 
 
 Transfer Company 322 
 
 Trunks 243 
 
 Wm. Dunstead 223 
 
 Undertaking Establishments 265 
 
 R. H. Groomes & Co 266 
 
 Wall Paper 139 
 
 W. Freeman & Co. 140 
 
 r. W. Klages 140 
 
 Jno. W. Hill & Co inside back poster. 
 
 Wagon Manufactories 244 
 
 A. Moore & Son 245 
 
 Wholesale Trade of Nashville 55