I:' ;.> . vr;n-. ^,,*'>1•"-'■-' W.'*' ' ''"■ ' ' .•.•li'AV.'. ■-.•■ ;.V'^.'-'-'iV.v'.",. -•-■ .'i*iJ«i''»%;*''.*i'.V' 'I'l^ •.■ .■„•',■ A,-" '^;v. \':- ■ ■,i<-AH,.\r.-''./','.';-'-!:'f *'■ (..■^-.•-,'.i.,i-. . . ' ■ ''". V>i'.- ■'■, f'J'' " •,v •i: Book A.Z3_ PREFACE. County h,stories are not always the most entertaining readine in tl,e wor d, but they are far front being the least valuable of p I d oo In then, ,s found the record of the early, if „ot the earliest sett.^ntent of a eountry ne,v to its ocpupants; the transplantation of ei'v 1 t IT iLToTr "' '''^'''^'--- "^ -"^^e cont^unities and h ■ growth of those comnntnities, ,n many cases, to prosperous cities Wh re that record rests upon tradition it is of littL J„rth, an the most p eas.ng narratives are entitled to small consideration „n ess tlev are fort.fied by tangible evidence. Thus any historical writin" hlw ever unpretentious, should be convincing to the reason and satistt J; to the understandmg, rather than .ratifying to the taste or the i^ali: In the work here offered to the pubhc no pain,, have been spared to venfy by more than one authority every statement of fact, an Jhe e an opm.on as been expressed the Judgment has been based upon in ormat.on that seemed to the writer preponderant if not decisive Of he many previous histories of Monroe county and of the region of Western New York all have been consulted carefully, and where error have been observed they have been corrected, recourse be.n/had whenever there was any room for doubt, to omcial documents whose author,ty was beyond question. This book, as will be seen is com posue ,n us character, the various divisions being the work of different iv PREFACE. persons. If this method be open to criticism, the objection is in this instance overcome as far as possible by the effort that has been made to secure harmony of treatment as well as accuracy of detail. While no claim is made that the whole ground has been covered, or that the last word on the subject has been said, it is hoped, with some confi- dence, that this volume will be accepted as not inferior to those that have preceded it on the same theme and as offering- a fair presentation of the " Landmarks of Monroe Countv." ERRATA. On paj^e 34, fourth line from the bottom, " 1795" should be " 179(5." On page 50, fourth hne from the top the same correction should be made. On page 105, sixth line from the bottom, " 1821 " should be " 1818." CONTENTS. A SKETCH OF MONROE COUNTY. Bv Wm. F. Peck 102 CHAPTER I. THE INDIAN OCCUPATION. The Earliest Residents-Seneca Traditions-Advent ui the Iroquois-The Gen tile Division-The Tribal Division-Formation of the League-The Council of the Long House-Descent in the Female Line-Rights of Women-Re- hgious Beliefs and Customs-The New Religion-Architecture-Trails- Indian Nomenclature— Conquests of the Iroquois— Their Cruelty to Prisoners —Population— Adoption of Captives— Extent of Territory j CHAPTER H. THE EXPLORERS AND THE JESUITS. Jacques Cartier-Champlain-His Wars with the Iroquois-Etienne Brule- Jesuit Missions Established-The Seneca Mission -Father Gamier and Father Raffeix— La Salle's Visits— Father Hennepin 15 CHAPTER III. WARS WITH THE FRENCH. Jealousy between Canada and New York— The Iroquois incline to the English- Expedition of Governor Denonville — His Landing at Irondequoit— The March to the Interior— The Fight at Houghton's Hill— A Pyrrhic Victory.. 21 CHAPTER IV. THE STRUGGLE FOR SUPREMACY. The Commission of Governor Andros— Extensive Cession from the Indians— The For tdes Sables— Charlevoix's Travels— His Description of the Genesee River —Attempts at Settlement— Other Indian Cessions— General Prideaux's Ex- pedition— Pouchot's Works 2.) h 29 ^ CONTENTS. CHAPTER \'. SULLIVAN'S CAMPAIGN. The Revolutionary War- Altitude of the Iroquois-The Confederacy Divided- Raids of the Indians-The Massacre at Cherry Valley-Reprisals Ordered- Washin^ton's Instructions t<. Sullivan-Advance of the Army— Destruction of Property— Atrocities on Both Sides— Killing of Boyd and Parker— Close of the Conflict - " IIIAI'TER VI SOVEKEUiNTV AND PRK-EMPTION. Surrender of Northwestern Territory— Dispute between New York and Massa- chusetts— C(.nflictinif Royal Charters— Rights of Conquest from the Dutch- Commissioners Apix)inted— A Settlement Effected 35 CHAPTER VII. TMK PURCHASE FROM TlIK INDIANS. The Les.sees— Conspiracy to Defraud Massachusetts- Phelps and Gorham— They Contract f<.r Western New York— They E.xtinguish the Indian Title— The Mill- Yard Piece— Remarkable Errors in the Survey— The Reversion to Mas- sachusetts—Sales to Robert Morris— The Holland Purchase— The Treaty at Big Tree— Present Location of the Senecas . . 40 ciiapt]:r \'iii. CONNECTING LINKS. The Tory Walker- His Cabin at the Mouth of the River— Erection of the Mills —Transfers of Land— " Indian " Allan— His Murderous Career— His Plurality of Wives— His Robbery from his Children — Mary Jemison, "the White Woman of the Genesee"— Her Abduction and her Captivity— Her Change of Race— Murders of her Sons — Her Admirable Character 52 CIIAI'TICR IX. SETTLEMENT OF Till". WHITES.' The Twenty-Thousand Acre Tract — The Deed to Robert Morris — Settlement of the Lusks — Settlement of the Sheffers — Visit of Chateaubriand — Of Roche- foucault-Liuncourt— Of Other Frenchmen — Settlement of William Hencher —Gideon Kmg and Zadock Granger — Kings Landing — Hanford's Land- ing—Town Meetings, Schools and Churches — Roads and Mail Service — Tryon Town— Ca.stleton— Carthage— The Great Bridge— The War of 1812— Defense of Charlotte (12 CONTENTS. vii CHAPTER X. FORMATION OF THE COUNTY. Original Counties of the State — The Evolution of Monroe — Struggle over its Formation — First Board of Supervisors — Derivation of the Towns — The First Court Hou.se— Population of the County — The County Treasurers — Representatives in Congress — State Senators — Collectors of the Port 75 CHAPTER XI. DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTY. The First Deed Recorded — -Lake Navigation — The Commerce of Carthage — Revenues from Customs — The Erie Canal — Its Inception, its Construction, and its Cost — The Genesee Valley Canal — River Navigation — The Jail — The Second Court House^The State Industrial School — The Deaf Muteln.stitute — The Almshouse — The Insane Asylum — The Bible Society — The Agriculr tural and Horticultural Societies — County Taxes 81 CHAPTER Xn. THE COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. The First Call — Monroe's Response— Our Regiments, Battalions and Companies of Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, Sharpshooters and Engineers — Ten Thousand Men Enlisted — Their Service in the Field — General Officers — Grand Army of the Republic — The Veteran Brigade 93 A SKETCH OF ROCHESTER. By Wm. F. Peck, 103-191 CHAPTER I. THE GENESIS OF THE COMMUNITY. The One-Hundred-Acre Tract — Its Successive Owners — Purchased by Roches- ter, Fitzhugh and Carroll — Sketch of Colonel Rochester — Jeremiah Olm- stead — Charles Harford — Enos Stone — The First White Child— The First Log Cabin — Hamlet Scrantom — Abelard Reynolds — The Postmasters — The Early Bridges — Business Enterprises — Incorporation of the Village — Its Officers— Its Population in Succeeding Years 103 { viii CONTENTS. niAl'TlCK II. Vn.I.AdE LIFE. The Ne vspapers of Rochester— The Gazette and the Telegraph— The Principal Jou nals to the Present Time— German Newspapers— Sunday Journals— Vil- lag. Churches— St. Luke's. St. Paul's and St. Patrick's— The Second Pres- byt rian— The Friends, the Methodists, the Baptists and the Unitarians- Latayette's Visit in IMi.j— Canal Celebration— Commerce and Transporta- tion—Travel by Canal and Stage— The Bank of Rochester— The Bank of Monroe— The Morgan Abduction— The Village Divided into Wards— Direc- tor)' of 1827— The \'illage Fire Department— Sam Patch— Beginning of M( rmonism— The Cholera in 1H:12. and in Other Years— Incorporation of the City— List of the ( )rticials and their Successors 112 e'IlAPTl-:R III. CITY LIFi:. Chang«;s in the Charter— Extension of the Limits— The City Fire Department — The Volunteer System— Change to the Paid Department — Notable Fires- Amusements— Early Theaters— '1 heMuseum— Corinthian Hall— Early Schools —The Old Hi^h School— Catholic Schijols- The Free Academy —Early Bury- ing Grounds-Mt. Hope— Catholic Cemeteries— Railroads— The Tonawanda— The Auburn and Rochester— The New York Central and Others — The Carthage Road— The First Telegraph— The Western Union and Specula- tion therein— The Patriot War— The Civil War — Anti-Slavery and the Un- • dc ground Railroad— The Rochester Knockings — Disastrous Floods— Water W >rks — ( )ur Semi-Centenuial 128 CIIAPTI-R TV. THE LAST DECADE. Cannibalism in the Greely Relief Expedition — Foundry Strike in IHSo — The Bell 1 elcphore Struggle — Sketch of HenryO'Reilly — The Naphtha Explosion Dis- aster — Awful Loss of Life at the Lantern W^orks Fire — Death of Gen. A. W. I« »iey, Hiram Sibley and Seth Green — Street Car Troubles and Changes — Sketch of Henry E. Rochester — And of President Anderson — Church Build- ii g in 1H91— Sketch of Josiah W. Bissell— Dedication of the Soldiers' Monu- n. ent— Charitable Relief Work in 189-1 — Introduction of Individual Com- munion Cups — Dedication of a Jewish Temple — Sketch of Darius Perrin — Diphtheria and Anti-Toxine — Sketch of Frederick Douglass and of William S. Kimball 150 ^ / CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. THE PRESENT DAY. The Female Charitable Society — The Society for the Organization of Charity — Orphan Asylums — The Industrial School^Infant's Summer Hospital Home for the Friendless — The Church Home — Home of Industrj- — The hu- mane Society — Children's Aid vSociety — Young Men's Christian Associat^jn — University of Rochester — The Theological Seminary — Wagner Memo'^ul College — Mechanics' Institute— Public Schools — The Reynolds Libran, — Academy of Science— The Historical Society — The Churches — Clubs of ^^il Kinds — The Chamber of Commerce— The Banks — The Parks — ^The Bridges — The Railroads — Municipal Government — The Fire and Police Department — The City Expenses — Sewers and Water Works— Miscellaneous Statistics. . THE GEOLOGY OF MONROE COUNTY. Bv Herman Le Roy Faikchii.d 193-195 THE BENCH AND BAR. By L. C. Aldrich, edited by Thomas L. Raines 19fi-'?2() THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. By L. C. Aldrich 221-232 THE TOWNS OF MONROE COUNTY. By L. C. Aldrich - . :.'v{3-441 " CHAPTER I. The Town of Brighton .'2^0 CHAPTER II. ■' The Town of Chili CHAPTER III. The Town of Clarkson.. ....'. - -'1 The To\'. n >>i (iates The Town of (Greece. . Ihi- Town of Hamlin The Town of Henrietta The Town of Irondequoit The Town of Mendon I'll.- Town of O^den The Town of Parma . . . CONTENTS. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII. .260 2(59 283 .290 .299 305 .31' 333 The Town of iVnfield . '^^^ CHAPTER XIII. The Town of Ferinton . .359 The Town of Pittsford The Town of ki^a The Town of Rush CHAPTER XIV. I'H.XPTl-R XV. .375 CHAPTER XVI. 3S6 .395 CONTENTS. xi CHAPTER XVII. The Town of Sweden 402 CHAPTER XVIII. The Town of Webster 424 CHAPTER XIX. The Town of Wheatland 432 JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 442-492 PART II. Biographical . . 1-108 PART III. Family Sketches . 1-310 INDEX, PART I 311 INDEX, PART II. 328 INDEX, PART III .' -329 INDEX, PORTRAITS - - 338 A SKETCH OF MONROE COUNTY. BY WILLIAM F. PECK. CHAPTER I. THE INDIAN OCCUPATION. Tlie Earliest Residents — Seneca Traditions — Advent of the Iroquois — The Gentile Division — The Tribal Division — Formation of the League — The Council of the Long House — Descent in the Female Line — Rights of Women — Religious Beliefs and Cus- tonas — The 'New Religion — Architecture — Trails — Indian Nomenclature — Conquests of the Iroquois — Their Cruelty to Prisoners — Population — Adoption of Captives — Extent of Territory. No one knows how long ago this region was first inhabited by human beings, or what manner of men first had their permanent settle- ment in this locality. The natural disposition to refer the source of an^^ historical sequence to the earliest possible antecedents has led many writers to advance the conjecture that the " mound-builders," who have left such evidence of their existence in Ohio, were here at some remote period, and this theory has possessed so much attraction that others have endeavored to improve upon it by maintaining that there was a race here prior to those pyramidal architects. But nothing has been found to establish either proposition, for nobody knows, or probably ever will know, to whom belonged the rude utensils, the fire- brands and the split wood that are turned up, occasionally, in the lowest excavations. If any race was here before the red Indians it died and left no sign that can be understood, and the only safe position on which to stand is that the first people known to have dwelt here were the Iroquois, the immediate predecessors of the Anglo-Saxons, who X LANDMARKS OF MONROE CQT^NTY. scarcely a century ago followed up tlic work of war and starvation and began \o occupy the ancestral soil of tiic dusky savages. Of course the Iroquois, and particularly the Seneca nation, which dwelt in this immediate locality, had plenty of traditions about their own origin and about those who li\ ed in this region before them and who had, according to the best elaborated story, all been devoured by .1 great serpent near Canandaigua lake, whereupon the Senecas, by a kind of special creation, came fortli out of the mountain near the head of the lake and entered upon the possessions of those who had gone down the throat of the monster. To speculate, as some have done, upon the allegorical or typical meaning of this legend is worse than idle, as it bears ni»l the remotest resemblance to the known facts in the case. As far back as they can be traced, and that not with much cer- tainty, the Inxjuois came, many centuries ;igo, from some region west of the Mississippi and settled along the St. Lawrence river, whence they made their way into New York, stopping first at the mouth of the Oswego river. Remaining there for many generations, they broke up their encampment and separated into three distinct tribes — the Mohawks, the Onondagas and the Senecas. It was probably long before this that another line of division was made, which is kept up to the present day, viz., that into clans — or gentis, as Morgan calls them, using the Latin word, which is more exact — when the whole nation was marked off into eight groups, each named for some animal, like the wolf, the beaver or the hawk. All belonging to one gens were considered as own brothers and sisters, descended from a common ancestor, though whether that forefather was really the beast or bird whose name they bore, or whether the title was recognised as only emblematic, has always been a matter of conjecture. It is quite possible that at some time in the remote past there were eight tlistinct families or tribes known by these zoological names, and that when they were united into one nation they chose to preserve the tradition of their origin by retaining for e^ch one its old cognomen and to perpetuate their integrity by forbidding marriage between members of the same gens. This jiositivc restriction was continued after the nation had been divided into tribes, so that, while there was no objec- tion to gener.il intermarriage among members of the same tribe, as well THE INDIAN OCCUPATION. 3 as among those of different tribes, no union was possible between a Seneca Wolf, for instance, and a Mohawk Wolf, even though they had always been separated by hundreds of miles and the real parents of one had never seen those of the other. At a later period the tribal forma- tion was made, as has been shown, on lines crossing the gentile or clan lines, but without weakening the bond of unity. On their migration from the Oswego, the Mohawks went eastward, leaving a portion of their tribe behind, who became the Oneidas; the Onondagas settled in the central portion, and the Senecas west of them, while the Cayuga tribe, which was located between those two, was a later offshoot of one or the other, it is not known which. Some time between 1400 and 1450, according to their own traditions, but probably a few years after the latter date, these five independent tribes were formed into a confederacy — a reunion, to some extent, of the original nation, but with a constitution, elaborate though oral, which preserved the independence of the separate tribes, the local territory of each, the representation of each at the grand council of fifty sachems that met at intervals near the present site of Syracuse, and the relation of the various tribes to each other. This constitution, which was the work of the greatest of Indian statesmen, Ha-yo-went-ha — or Hiawatha, as Longfellow has immortalised and fixed his name — joined the tribes to- gether in a civil union that was cemented by the social tie of gentile relationship, so that the league formed a compact mass, elastic and yet cohesive, which was perfectly irresistible. The Ho-de-no sau-nee they called themselves, or " Children of the Long House," from their great council hall ; the Iroquois the French called them — from " hiro," an Indian word, equivalent to " I have spoken," with which they always ended their discourses — while the English usually spoke of them col- lectively as the F"ive Nations. This name endured till 171 5, when it was changed to the Six Nations, in consequence of the Tuscaroras com- ing up from North Carolina and being, as their language showed them, of the same lineage with the others, admitted into the confederacy and wedged in between the Mohawks and the Oneidas, where lands were set apart for them from the domain of the latter tribe. While the grand council consisted by law of fifty sachems, and there were always that number of seats at the council fire, yet in reality there 4 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COTTNTY. were, after the death of Hiawatha and his leading adviser, only forty- eight living persons present, for the seats of those founders of the con- federacy, thouj^h vacant to mortal eyes, were always filled by the spirits of their ori<^inal occupants. The sacheniships were hereditary, accord- ing to the Indian conception of heredity, not according to ours — that is, they were not hereditary in the family, hut onl}- in the gens, so that the successor to a deceased sachem could never be his son, for, descent be- ing in the fen)ale line, the son would belong to a different gens from his father, but the new sachem must belong to the same gens with the old one and be chosen by the members thereof While the sachems were the lawmakers and rulers of the league, they had no military power; no sachem could become a war- chief, no war chief could be- come a sachem. Red Jacket, the Seneca, and Ihant, the Mohawk, were chiefs, but not sachems, and Ely S. Parker, for some time a resident of Rochester, was a sachem but not a chief. Each tribe had its own war- chiefs, chosen for merit only, who had control over the forces of their respective tribes when in battle or on the warpath, and in addition to these there were two principal war- chiefs of the whole confederacy, always chosen from among the Senecas, the "keepers of the western door of the Long House," because on that side lay the only anticipated danger of attack. In spite of the rights of women among the Iroquois, preponderating so far above those of the sex in our own community, their condition was very low. As has been observed already, descent was in the female line, and all children belonged to the gens of the mother — a not unrea- sonable provision, which largely prevails at this day among the Turks and other semi- civilised people, where maternity is a matter of cer- tainty, paternity only of belief. It was the same way with inheritance; at the death of the mother the children took all her property, but on the demise of the father his goods passed to his brothers and sisters. Women had the elective franchise, voting on terms of equality with the men for sachems and war-chiefs, and their voice was largely potential in the disposition of prisoners, any of whom could be adopted by them to take the place of husbands or relatives lost in battle, and the rest would be enslaved or tortured, according to the feminine caprice, which was seldom on the side of mercy. An illustration of this malignant THE INDIAN OCCUPATION. 6 vindictiveness, more destructive in its consequences than any other in- stance known to history, is found among the kindred nation of the Eries. This tribe had taken prisoner a chief of the Onondagas and had conchided to let him be adopted by one of their young women who liad lost a brother at the hands of the Iroquois. The girl was absent at the time, but when she returned she utterly refused to consent, all the en- treaties of her chiefs were in vain and she insisted that the Onondaga should be burned alive to appease her vengeance. Inexorable custom made her will supreme, the prisoner was sent to the stake and a few weeks later all the Eries, men, women and children, to the number of some thousands, were slaughtered by the enraged confederates. But, to offset all these privileges, the Indian squaw, as long as she lived with her husband, was a mere drudge, subject to all his brutal whims, liable to be abandoned at any moment, almost certain to be beaten frequently, and never secure against a fatal blow, for which reparation could easily be made by the presentation of gifts to her gentile kindred. Of the religious beliefs of the Iroquois before their very partial con- version to Christianity, but little can be said with accuracy. Polythe- ism prevailed, a belief in different gods, as personified by the forces of nature, very much as among the Greeks and Romans, only in a cruder and coarser form, but oftentimes with a wealth of poetic fancy far sur- passing the myths of the classic nations. At the same time they car- ried the idea much further, for they not only had deities for the streams, the mountains, the forests, fire, wind and weather, but each production of the earth had its own genius, and there was a spirit of the squash, a spirit of the maize, a spirit of tobacco, and so on. The everlasting con- tention between good and evil found as full recognition among them as among the ancient Persians, both powers being placated by feasts and offerings, but their supreme veneration was for the mighty Manitou, the spirit of eternal beneficence, and in his honor were held their prin- cipal festivals. He was the master of life, the controller of the nation's fortunes in this world and of their individual destiny in the next, to which their abiding belief in the immortality of the soul taught them to look forward. Their religious observances and ceremonies, which were marked by superstition and cruelty, usually took place in or around the lodge of the " medicine man," that combination of priest and physician 6 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. for whose interest it was that the fears and baser passions of his clients should have full sway and should never yield to the loftier aspirations, the kindlier feelings, that might be engendered by a purer wcrship of nature. With them the dance, which was never a pastime but always a religious act. was, while not so graceful or so rhythmic as among the white races, more studiously developed than elsewhere, each step, each movement being fraught with its jjeculiar meaning. Sacrifices were common among them, the slaughter of their captives being tinctured with that element, though usually animals were chosen, a white dog be- ing peculiarly desirable for that purpose, and this ceremony endured till 1813. In that year the last solemn sacrifice of the white dog among the Senecas took place in Rochester, when the animal was strangled and then burned, on the eminence on the south side of Troup street, near Caledonia avenue. Having mentioned this event, so far out of its chronological relation to other matters treated of in this chapter, it may be as well to allude, in the same connection, to a singular phase of religion that came to the Indians in this part of the state about 1800, when it was declared that a new revelation had been received from heaven. Handsome Lake, or Ga ne-odiyo, who was born near Avon in 1734, was a sachem of the highest class, belonging to the Turtle gens of the Seneca nation. After he had reached maturity he was deeply impressed with the degradation of his people and with the unmistakable signs of their decadence through their addiction to strong drink. To counteract this frightful evil, as well as to regenerate, as far as possible, the morals of the com- munity in other respects, this wise counselor, perceiving that exhorta- tions delivered from a common plane would be ineffective, announced that, after being sick for a long time, he had been visited by three spir- itual beings in the form of men, who had cured him of his illness by means of herbs which they had brought. Subsequent calis from these unearthly visitants were stated to have resulted in the revelation of a new religion, which he proceeded to expound. While the guiding mo- tive of Handsome Lake is clear, the source from which the idea of his scheme emanated is matter of conjecture. The story of the three an- thropomorphic visitors, so similar to the experiences of Abraham, is suggestive of the Old Testament ; the prophet's later narration of his THE INDIAN OCCUPATION. 7 translation to heaven, where he stayed for some time in the enjoy- ment of angelic hospitality and whence he looked down upon the earth to behold the misery of his people, recalls the Koran, with Mahomet's temporary ascent, while the tenderness with which the practice of hu- manity toward the most helpless of beings is inculcated would seem to find" its inspiration in the New Testament Yet in all of Handsome Lake's teachings, as far as they have been reported, and in all the ex- position of them by his successors, who continued his ministrations down to forty years ago, there was no mention made of any sacred writings and no allusion whatever to any of the distinctive dogmas of the Christian theology. The religion was that of pure morality and benevolence, and it pur- ported to be based on the old faith of the Indians, which it did not contravene in any way, but rather elaborated, and sought to turn into channels of right living. The revelation started out with the strongest denunciation of firewater, the drinking of which was declared to be a crime, absolutely forbidden by the great spirit, and one that would certainly be visited by eternal punishment in the next world ; the sanc- tity of marriage, with the necessity of the fidelity of both parties, was inculcated in the strongest manner; the reciprocal duties of parents and children were clearly defined, and all hearers were exhorted to do good to each other — in fine, to practise the golden rule. This religion, if it can be considered sufficiently formal and concrete to merit that tdrm, was preached by the Seneca prophet throughout all the reservations and at all the gatherings of Indians in this state, except those of the Christianised Oneidas and Tuscaroras. The result was amazing, the effect equaling that produced by any revivalist of modern times. Drunkenness was arrested in its course of national destruction, and for a time, at least, good order and outward morality took the place of the general depravity which, before that, had been growing rapidly worse. At the same time no attempt was made by this reformer, and probably he acted sagaciously in that, to change any of the former beliefs, except that those which tended toward cruelty were ignored, and therefore annulled. The ceremonial observances were not interfered with but were rather encouraged, as may be judged by the white dog sacrifice, mentioned above. While the hopes of Handsome Lake for tin com- 8 LANDMARKS OF xMONROK COUNTV. plete regeneration of his people were never realised, either during his lifetime or afterward, there can be no doubt that their condition was materially, and probably permanently, elevated by the good message that he bore to them. Only the crudest knowledge of the principles of architecture existed among the Iroquois. Individual wigwams, so noted in song and story, are largely the creation of romance. Among the Senecas, at least, the preference was for communal dwellings, the predecessors of the com- partment houses of the present day, rather than for separate habitations for each family. They were constructed by setting upright poles in the ground, fitting others to these horizontally by means of withes, and raising upon them a roof, sometimes arched, sometimes sloping, the whole frame, both top and sides, being covered with strips of bark, usually of elm, fastened with splints or strings. These tenements were from fifty to one hundred feet long by seventeen wide, and were divided into sections eight feet long by six wide, each of which was occupied by one family, no matter how many there were in it — more raised bunks being put into the walls of the chamber as the occupants increased in number. Through the long house ran a passage way, and in this the fires were kept, generally one for every four families, and, as there were no doors to the rooms, a fair degree of warmth was thus obtained, though at the expense of health, for there was no outlet for the smoke except holes in the roof, which were covered in rainy weather, and thus diseases of the eyes were very prevalent among the people. A cluster of these houses — sometimes twenty, sometimes more than a hundred — would make a village, which would be surrounded by pali- sades as a protection against sudden attack. The so called "castles" of the Iroquois, whether upon the Genesee river or elsewhere, were only aggregations of houses, guarded in this manner. Of all the tribes the Senecas were the most numerous, counting, perhaps, 4,000 souls all told, and they were settled in four towns, one of which, the second in size, was in Monroe county. It was located two miles from where the village of Honeoye Falls, in the town of Mendon, now stands, and was called Totiakton. An English traveler, named Wcntworth Greenhalgh, was there in 1677, and from his description of the houses the place could not have contained less than a thousand persons, probably a little more. THE INDIAN OCCUPATION. 9 The trail of the Iroquois was generally between a foot and fifteen inches wide, very seldom more than the greater breadth. It was not always direct from point to point, for not only did natural obstacles, like rocks, swamps or bends in a river, cause it to deflect from a straight line, but a wide divergence would almost invariably be made to avoid open spaces and seek the protecting covert of dense foliage, even of the nearly impenetrable forest. It is easy to locate the main trail or Indian highway through this state, for it ran from Buffalo eastwardly, crossing the Genesee at the present site of Avon, and terminating at the Hudson river a little below Albany, thus forming the path which was afterward used as the principal route of the white men till the Erie canal and the Central railroad came through, and which is still known as " the old state road." This was the Appian Way of the Iroquois, and along its course all messages from one nation of the confederacy to another were carried by swift runners who bore with astonishing rapidity the sum- mons to a council, the tidings of war or those of peace. In addition to this there were countless other well-marked trails all over the territory, many of which have been traced out and are now known. Of those in this county some have always been preserved, but others owe their revelation to the patient assiduity of the late George H. Harris. The principal ones among them, in whatever direction they ran, struck the river at different points. One coming west from Can- andaigua followed the line of the Pittsford road till it got near Allen's creek, ^ when it divided, one branch crossing Irondequoit creek and reaching the river at Brewer's landing, near the foot of the Ridge road. The other branch is now followed by East avenue in its course to Union street, where another break occurred, one line going to the ford near the weighlock and the other striking the river at the foot of Franklin street. From the ford of the river near Elmwood avenue a path ran northeast over Mt. Hope, mainly by the present Indian Trail avenue, to Mt. Hope avenue, thence by that road and St. Paul street till it met the trails mentioned above. A branch of this left the cemetery in an ' This stream, on the east side of the Genesee, must not be confounded with .Mian's creek, which empties into the river on the west side, at Scottsville. The latter, being named alter Ebenezer Allan, should always be spelled as given here— not Allen's creek, though that form occurs frequently, even on the oldest maps of the county. 10 LANDMARKS UF MUNKUE ruUNTY. easterly diicction and went around the Pinnacle hills, reaching Ironde- qiioit creek a little further on. On the west side there were many, thou^di fewer, beaten tracks. Besides a trail going directly to the Niagara river along the Ridge road, one that was much more traveled came to the Genesee from the south- west by way of Scottsville and Chili, reaching the river at the Red creek ford in the present Genesee Valley park. Turning out from that point it branched into two or three lines, one of which took the general course of Genesee street and wound around the bends of Deep Hollow creek in all its length till it reached Lake avenue. There it was joined by another trail that had come in a less circuitous line through Plymouth avenue, in order to strike the ancient spring that bubbled up where the First Presbyterian church now stands, the memory of the location being preserved by the name of the street and the alley. From the junction of Deep Hollow creek and Lake avenue the united paths pursued their way to the lake. A few words may be in place concerning the Indian names associated with this county, their varieties and their meanings. The wide diver- gence in form among the various names of the same locality is owing, primarily, to the fact that the French, on hearing a word spoken, en- deavored to reproduce it in their own language, spelling it such a way that the sound would be the same, of course with a French pronuncia- tion. Not always, however, would the same word have the same sound, even to them, the quality of its utterance depending on the tribe of the Indian uttering it, for the Iroquois dialects, though easily intelligible by all the nations of the confederacy, had different vocalisations, the one from the other, so that a Mohawk and a Cayuga, for instance, would pronounce the same word in a manner quite unlike each other. Then the Knglish nomenclature came in, and this was based on a variety of grounds — on the Dutch names for some places, especially in the eastern part of the state, as the Dutch had understood the Mohawks or the Delawares to pronounce them ; on the .sound of words as they appeared to iMiglish ears when spoken by members of different tribes in the Five Nations, and on the sound of the French forms of the words when pro- nounced in Knglish fashion. The Knglish, in the majority of cases, adhered much more closely to THE INDIAN OCCUPATION. ][ the Indian names than did the French, who sometimes gave purely fanciful or religious titles to localities and even to tribes. The appella- tions have not survived, but the geographical names in this vicinity, as we use them now, have come to us from the Indian through the French in at least as many cases as through the English. For instance, our great lake was spoken of by Father Hennepin, more than two centuries ago, as Ontario, which, he says, " is likewise called in the Iroquois language Skanadario, meaning ' a very pretty lake.' " Now the En- glish, although they sometimes called it Ontario, usually, and especially in official documents, denominated it Cadaracqui, which is probably only another form of Cataracony (meaning "fort in the water "), which was the Iroquois name for the French Fort Frontenac, in Canada, where Kingston now stands. The application of the word was evidently misunderstood, for it had, obviously, nothing to do with the name of the lake, and it is fortunate for us that its misuse was not sufficiently established to prevent a reversion to Hennepin's euphonious appella- tion. The name of our river was pronounced, and therefore spelled by different writers, in a great variety of ways, from Chin-u-sJiio to its present form. How much of this wide variation is owing to dialectical peculiarities, and how much to slight shades of difference in meaning — for Indian names were always descriptive — it is impossible to tell, and it is enough to say that the word Genesee means "a beautiful, open valley." That word applied only to the upper part of the river ; "from the rapids to where it empties into the lake it had a distinctive name, Casconchiagon, the signification of which is said to be " something alive in the kettle," but it is better to accept Morgan's simple definition of " under the falls." The love of variety has had full play in the case of the word Irondc- qiioit, which has been written, printed and commonly used in more than thirty widely different styles. Its true Seneca form, which ought to govern, though it never did, is 0-nyui-da-on-da gwat, meaning " it goes aside, or turns out." Without wearying the reader by going too much into detail, it may be stated that its first appearance in print is on a map of the Jesuits, published in 1664, where it is given as Aiidia- tarontaoiiat. Twenty- three years later Denonville called it Gamiiaga- tarontagouat ; during the last century the English twisted it into a 12 LANDNfARFC^^ OF MONROE COTTXT7. multitude of horrible shapes; in Gov. De Witt CHiiton's time, seventy years ai,'o, it was iiniversahy known as Gerundegut, and now we have it in a form that sounds as well as any other and that will probably never be changed, so tiiat the tortured name may rest in peace. Oatka was the original Indian name of the west side Allan's creek, mentioned above, and a laudable effort has been made for a long time past to re- store the old appellation, wliich means "the opening." Iloneoye signi- fies "a finger lying," or " a bent finger," alluding to the sharp tnrn in the creek of that name, where the Indian village of Totiakton stood. The word of the Senecas for their own nation — Nnn-da-uux-o-iio, meaning " a great hill people " — was never adopted or applied to them by the whites. Instead of that, the word that we use comes to us in a somewhat circnitous manner, for it appears first as Semiccas, on a Dutch map printed in 1614. The Dutch seem to have got it from the Algon- quins, but, as to what it signifies in the language of those people, eth- nologists are not agreed. The English settlers altered it to Sinnekees, and employed tliat form with remarkable unanimity till about the time of the Revolution, after which the Americans very sensibly adopted the present style. The French quite frefjuently, though not always, called the Senecas the Tsoinioitouaiis, which is said to be a very ancient word whose meaning is unknown. The Iroquois were the conquering people of this continent; no tribe or nation of their own color ever long withstood them. While they never, until a late period, and then only on short incursions, to terrify rather than to slaughter, carried their arms across the Hudson river, yet all the Algonquin tribes of New England, whether peaceful or war- like, were for centuries compelled to pay for their immunity by annual tribute, delivered to Mohawk heralds. In every other direction death and desolation followed the march of the Five Nations. Their cam- paigns were conducted, not for purposes of defense nor with the object of acquiring additional territory, but to gratify the thirst for blood that often seized them with uncontrollable power and to give them new ca[)tivcs, some to torture, some to enslave, some to adopt. Not content with subduing the Delawares, the Susqucliannas and other nations in their vicinity, their warriors rushed westward across the Mississippi, and by setting one tribe against another with skillful falsehoods they pre- THE rNt)TAN OCCUPATION. 13 vented all alliances against themselves and inflicted blows upon the Illinois, the lovvas and others that almost crushed those people out of existence. No distance was too great for their unwearied feet, and at various times they made sudden incursions into the South and South- west, striking tlie Catawbas in South Carolina, the Cherokees upon the Tennessee. In every instance they returned from their raids with the bloody trophies of their prowess, in the shape of long festoons of reek- ing scalps or, still worse, with troops of prisoners reserved for torment. Inhuman cruelty seems to have been imbedded in their very nature, and the evidence of this predominant characteristic rests not upon tradition or stories repeated from hearsay, but comes from the testi- mony of eye-witnesses, of impartial travelers. Greenhalgh, for instance, mentioned above, tells, briefly, how several of their captives, men, wo- men and children, were burned to death in his presence and in this im- mediate vicinity, tied to the stake for seven hours, while the flames were slowly fed, to lengthen the sufferings of the miserable victims to the utmost span of endurance. This, too, was done without any ex- pression of peculiar animosity, but only to gratify their love of witness- ing the agony of others. Their sanguinary career of unbroken victory was the more surprising from the fact that the whole confederacy never numbered more than 15,000,' with a fighting force of 2.600 at the outside, and of these not much more than half could be put into the field at any one time, as some must remain at home to guard the line of habitations that stretched across the state. It was only by the constant practice of the adoption of captives into the various tribes of the confederacy that the waste caused by their incessant fighting could be repaired. Strange as it may seem to us, these naturalised enemies soon became true and loyal ' I make this estimate from a comparison of various authors. Parkman places the number at between 10,000 and 12,000. Previous writers made the number much greater, Morgan putting it as high as 25,000, and John Fiske is inclined to follow him without weighing the evidence. With all of Morgan's learning in Iroquois matters, his judgment on this point was based, in all proba- bility, on narratives obtained by him from the Indians, which are far from trustworthy The only written authority that he cites is Greenhalgh, and that journalist gives no statistics of pop- ulation but only allows the inference that there were as many as 25,000 from the number of fires that he saw in some of the houses at Totiakton (Honeoye Falls), while, on the contrary, he makes the explicit statement that the number of Iroquois warriors was 2,150, those of the Senocas being 1,000, and these figures are incompatible with a total census of any thing like 25,000. Parkman bases hi< estimate on the frequent computations given in the " Jesuit Relations " and on state- ments contained in the New York Colonial Documents. 14 Landmarks of monroe county. citizens, and, so far as all information goes, they were never a source of weakness, never otherwise than efficient members of the family, the gens, the tribe or the forest commonwealth to which they owed their new allegiance. Occasionally one of these aliens might desert his adoptive colleagues during a raid into his own country and might re- turn to his former associates to fight on the side of his real kindred, but as a rule their natural feeHnG;s seem to have been smothered and their sympathies to have been with the nation of their adoption Often- times they would excel their captors in the fiendishness of their malice against other prisoners, and when Hrebeuf, the most distinguished mar- tyr of the Huron missions, was burned by the Iroquois during one of their incursions into Canada, it was at the suggestion of a 1 luron captive, himself a Christian convert who had been baptised by Hrebeuf, that the tormentors poured boiling water on the Jesuit's head, in derisive simu- lation of the ceremony which he had so often performed in kindness and in love. Unlike most of the Indian race, the Iroquois waged war upon kindred tribes, their hatred against the Hurons, who, like themselves, were of the Dakota stock, being relentless and never abating till those unfortu- nates were annihilated as a distinct people, more than two centuries ago. The Genesee river had been at first the western boundary of the lands of the confederacy, beyond which lay the Neutral nation, stretch- ing across the Niagara river into Canada on the northern border of Lake Erie and called by their name because they strove to keep the peace between the Iroquois and the llurons, to both of which nations they were related and against neither of which would they take up arms. South of the Neuters lay the Eries, or Nation of the Cat, whose lodges extended through the counties of Chautauqua and Cattaraugus and went west on the southern side of the lake. Directly south of the confederate tribes were the Andastes, or Susquehannas. These three were the only nations to make any determined stand against the all- conquering Iroquois, but their turn, like that of all the others, came at last. In iC)SO, after the nationality of the Hurons was destroyed, the Five Nations turned their apparently causeless fury upon the Neuters, assaulted their chief towns, put most of the inhabitants to death and adopted the remainder. Four years later the Eries were treated in a THE EXPLORERS AND THE JESUITS. 15 similar manner, as mentioned in the preceding pages, after vvhicli the territory of the Senecas extended to the Niagara, though they made no settlements or villages west of the Genesee, but were content with knowing that the country between the two rivers was an unpeopled wilderness. Finally the Andastes, who gave the confederates more trouble than the Neutrals and the Erics combined, were forced to suc- cumb after an intermittent contest stretching over twenty years, and the powerful league had no further opposition to its supremacy from any of its own race. Thenceforward its struggle was to be with the white men. CHAPTER II. THE EXPLORERS AND THE JESUITS. Jacques Cartier — Champlain — His Wars with the Iroquois — Etienne Bruiu — Jesuit Missions Established — The Seneca Mission — Father Gamier and Father Rafl'eix — La Salle's Visits — Father Hennepin. When were the Iroquois first seen by Europeans? Possibly in 1535, when Jacques Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence and found a well settled and populous community of Indians at a place which tlicy called Hochelaga and to which he gave the name that it now bears, Montreal. When he had sailed back to P'rance the narrative of his discoveries did not excite sufficient interest to induce anyone to follow him till the beginning of the next century, when Samuel de Cham- plain came over, to be the real founder of Canada. He went, in 1603, to the same spot that Cartier had reached, and found it deserted, no trace remaining, even in the surrounding region, of all the red men who had swarmed there seventy years before. Many writers think that Cartier's Indians were Iroquois, who were afterward so harassed by the Adirondack tribe, of Algonquin stock, that they migrated across the lake shortly before the second coming of the French. The latest investigators, however, are convinced that those people were Hurons, who had moved eastward and then, from some unknown cause, 16 LANIJMARKS OF MONROE CODNTr. had concluded to return westward and liad taken up their abode in the neij^hborhood of the lake that bears their name. Champlain met the Iroquois for tlie first time in 1609, when he, with two companions, accompanied a war party of combined Algonquins and Hurons that invaded New York and had a fight with the Mohawks near the lake that is still called after the famous soldier, explorer and governor. The expedition was successful, but Champlain's participation in it was of doubtful wisdom, for it sowed in the hearts of the Iroquois the seeds ot that iiatred which never left them till the French power in Canada was crushed in 1760. Six years after this battle, Champlain made another incursion, on a more extended scale, but his attack upon a palisaded town of the Onondagas was repulsed and he returned with his bar- barian army to Lake Huron. It is quite probable that Etienne Brule, the interpreter of Champlain, was the first white man who set foot within the limits of Monroe county. Hrulc was dispatched to secure, for the campaign just men- tioned, the services of five hundred Carantouans, a tribe that may have been identical with the Andastes or Susquehannas. After reaching them, and failing in his direct mission by reason of the dila- toriness of those savages, who arrived at the scene of the conflict after the battle had taken place and the besiegers had departed, Brule ex- plored the Susquehanna from its source to its mouth, and after two years of suffering among the Iroquois, to whom he gave himself up, he returned to Canada. In all these journeyings it is more than likely that he passed through this county, for it is apparent that he would have had to go out of his way to avoid it. Much interest has always attached to the Roman Catholic missions among the Iroquois, but their labors in this county were not so exten- sive as elsewhere, and the exact location of the missions is exceedingly difficult to determine. This is because the " Jesuit Relations," • which are the final source of authority on this point, give the names of the Seneca villages in forms different from those used elsewhere, and the ' This valuable series Df works, which has never been fully translated into KnRlish, consists of a number of reports made by prominent members of the Jesuit missions in North America to the superior of the order in I'aris, K'ving a lull account of the various Indian tribes anions which the writers laboreil and of all thinjjs directly or remotely connected with them The first one was written in imi. by Father Pierre Hiurd, ;»nd the last one, so far as is known, by Father Dablon, in ii>79- '/?v/lly^ THE EXPLORERS AND THE JESUITS. 17 perplexity is greatly increased by the persistent habit of the missionaries of giving religious appellations to the various stations and causing con- fusion by the frequent repetition of some favorite name, such as that of St. Mary. In the first half of the seventeenth century Franciscan and Recollet friars had penetrated to the west of this region and had reached the Niagara river, but they probably went by the way of Canada, not crossing the Genesee river or the lake. In May, 1656, the French colony and Jesuit mission of St. Mar3''s of Ganentaa was established among the Onondagas, near Syracuse, and in August of that year a sub-mission was planted among the Senecas, under the control of Father Chaumonot, one of the most eloquent of the Jesuit priests, whose powers of oratory went far toward producing an appar- ent eftect upon his susceptible auditors. The principal station of this mission was at Gannagaro (otherwise Gandagaro, and called by the Jesuits the mission of St. James), in Ontario county, but Chaumonot traveled over the whole canton of the Senecas, preaching and baptising in different parts of it. He may not have effected many conversions, but his ministrations were very comforting to the Christian Hurons, captive and adopted, and in some cases, though not always, he and other priests were permitted to solace, with the consolations of religion, the last moments of the prisoners who perished in the flames. Two years later all the missionaries of the region were called in to the head- quarters at Onondaga, in consequence of the revelation of a conspiracy to destroy them, and it was with the utmost difficulty and the exercise of a cunning that undermined that of the savages themselves, that all the members of the French colony, priests and laymen alike, were able to escape under cover of the darkness and make their way back to Canada. From this time war raged intermittently for several years, and, though there were occasional skirmishers of the faith, it was not till 1669 that the Christian posts were again established among the Senecas. At the very close of 1668 Father Fremin, the superior of the Jesuit missions, came to this vicinity, but precisely where he was located at the outset is uncertain. His own statement, in the Relations of 1670, is that " we then began to preach the gospel at Tsonnontouan," but, while he may have meant to indicate thereby the village of Totiakton, in this 3 18 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. county, wliicli the missionaries generally called by the name of Tsoniiontoiian, the probability is that he intended the word to apply to the whole country of the Senecas, in which sense it was often used. Wherever he may have been, he was very successful, for he baptised, in his first year, more than one hundred and twenty, nearly all adults^ most of whom died soon afterward, of a contagion that was then raging there. This it was that caused him to summon Father Gamier to his aid, who came and took charge of the town Gandachiragou, the smallest of the Seneca villages and located four miles south of Totiakton, at the present site of Lima, in Livingston county. Freniin then passed to Gandougarae, which was in the present town of East Bloomfield, in Ontario county, and there, as he says, he was received with every demonstration of public joy. This was owing to the fact that it was the village to which the name of St. Michael's had been given by Chaumonot, peopled almost entirely by captives, principally Hurons, most of whom were already Christians, and they were, naturally, de- lighted with the presence of one so well qualified to strengthen them in the faith which they seem to have preserved, in this adverse environ- ment, with extraordinary fidelity. No better illustration of the inclination of the human mind to materialise the conception of the future life can be found than is con- veyed in a story told by Father Fremin. Having baptised a young woman, who died on the following day, the missionary found the mother to be inconsolable over the condition of her daughter. The reason for this was that the girl, having, during her lifetime, had control over more than twenty slaves, had never known what it was to do the slightest work, and she must therefore be sore put to it to perform the labor devolved upon her in heaven, where she could certainly have no assistance, as she was the only member of the family who had been a Christian, and so of course none of her relatives could be in that place. The request was therefore made that a female slave, apparently near the point of death, should be converted and baptised, in order that she, too, might go to heaven, so that she could wait upon her mistress in the next world. /Fhis petition was complied with, but the slave, whether fortunately or otherwise, recovered, and the mother, prompted less by religious conviction than by unselfish maternal love, became liersclf converted, that she might join her daughter. THE EXPLORERS AND THE JESUITS. 19 Father Fremin was recalled to Montreal in 1669, and Father Garnier was left in sole charge of the four Seneca villages, a perilous position, but his courage was equal to the task, and he never faltered in the presence of death, which constantly menaced him in every form, by fever or by fire, the uplifted hatchet or the invisible arrow. From his incessant labors he was in part relieved by the advent of Father Raffeix, who came in 1670, and of Father Pierron, who arrived somewhat later. Father Raffeix was stationed, during the seven years of his work here, at Tsonnontouan — on which the name of La Conception was conferred — and he may, therefore, be considered, peculiarly, the missionary of Monroe county. He was better balanced in his judgment than most of his co-laborers; far from anticipating a wholesale change of faith, he wrote that " to expect that a whole tribe will be converted at once, or to hope to make Christians by the hundred or thousand, is to deceive one's self. It is not a land of flowers; to find one you must walk far, through thorny paths." Elsewhere he writes : " God has his predes- tined everywhere, but this good grain is still very rare in this country. It will be for fervent and zealous missionaries, who come here often to cultivate this ungrateful and sterile land, to make the seed yield a hundredfold. Of the number of these predestined, are especially the little children, whom we endeavor never to allow to die unbaptised. I have conferred it on a great number this year. Fourteen of them died after receiving it. As they are our surest gain, they are also our great- est consolation." This was in allusion to the fundamental belief that any dying infant, unconscious of right or wrong, would, if baptised, go straight to eternal bliss; if not baptised, to hopeless perdition. In the case of adults the fathers would be very reluctant to administer the rite till death seemed approaching, lest the convert should relapse, which would make him worse than before. F"ather Pierron left in 1677 and Father Raffeix was recalled in 1680, leaving Father Garnier again alone till 1684, when, as war seemed imminent, he made his escape in a French vessel on the lake, embarking probably at Irondequoit. From that time the missions languished till the close of the century, when the colonial legislature at Albany passed a law excluding all Catholic priests from the province after 1700; finally, in 1708, the few laborers that remained in the dusky vineyard were called back to Canada, and the 20 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. attempt of tlie society of Jesus to convert the Iroquois came to an end, leaving a record of self-sacrifice, of devoted heroism, of voluntary martyrdoti), that has never been surpassed. This long campaign of religion was interspersed with other visits from the Frenchmen, some following the paths of exploration, others on errands of war. In 1669 Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, on his way from Lachine to discover, as he thought, the route to China, but really to open to the world the vast territory of the West, came through Lake Ontario to Irondcquoit hay. l^eing kindly received by the Senecas, he and his companions followed, on invitation of the savages, one of the well marked trails that led from the sand-bar through this count}' and into Ontario, to the village of Gannagaro. At that place he was de- tained a month by the lack of guides, and during that time he had an opportunit}' of witnessing some of the usual cruelties of the Senecas toward their prisoners, which he was powerless to prevent. His expe- dition not proving successful, he set out again and nine years afterward he was at the same village. So was Father Hennepin, who accompanied La Salle and who wrote the first description of Niagara falls, tliough the great cataract had been mentioned before that by heather Ragueneau and other writers who had not seen it. On this occasion La Salle spent much of his time on the Niagara, building a vessel called the Griftbn, with which to navigate the upper lakes. To quell the suspicions of the savages, which had been excited by the construction of this craft, the Sieur de la Motte, accompanied by Feather Hennepin, went to Totiakton to hold a council with the Seneca sachems. Father Garnier was present at first, but La Motte, who had no love for the Jesuits, demanded his withdrawal, which was conceded, after which the council proceeded to a satisfactory termination. WARS WITH THE FRENCH. 21 CHAPTER III. WARS WITH THE FRENCH. Jealousy between Canada and New York — The Iroquois Incline to the English— E.xpe- dition of Governor Denonville — His Landing at Irondequoit- The March to the Interior — The Fight at Boughton's Hill — A Pyrrhic Victory. The next scene is of a different character. Most of the governors of Canada, wliile favoring the missions and even promoting them, were much more anxious to destroy the bodies than to save the souls of the New York Indians, being moved thereto, very naturally, by the instinct of self-preservation. The Marquis de Denonville,^ who ruled the province for four years, distinguished his short administration by the invasion of the Seneca country in 1687. To this he was impelled by a desire to retrieve the disgrace of his predecessor, De la Barre, who had made a somewhat humiliating peace with the Iroquois, and by the hope of bringing to a final issue the contest between the French and English for the supremacy over the Five Nations. On both sides that was but a sentimental claim, for these conquerors of all barbarians had no tear of King Louis and they acknowledged only a verbal allegiance to the British sovereign, but the desire of each power was to prevent the other from obtaining the preponderating control. Each wanted the mastery of the West, with all the wealth that would be brought to its possessor from the fur trade and other lines of barter, and the channel for all this commerce lay through the lands of the Iroquois. The claim of the French was based upon the right of discovery, that of the English upon royal charters disposing of all the country south of the great lakes, and also, as far as the right to New York was concerned, upon conquest from the Dutch. France, certainly, had no real rights ' This name has so frequently been given wronglj', as De Nonville, in American writing upon this general subject, that it is worth while to call attention to its true form, which is as it appears above. In the original manuscript, now in the archives of the old ministry of the Marine and Colonies, at Paris, the governor signs his name in that manner, and Louis XIV. always addresses him and mentions him as the Marquis de Denonville or as Monsieur de Denonville. 22 LANDMARKS OF ^[ONROE COUNTY. of possession in this state, whether En<,^land had or not, and the only just grounds that the former liad for interfering were tlie right of pro- tection for its Canadian colony, and of retaliation for the hostility of the savages, to which the)^ had, no doubt, been incited by the English governors. The Iroquois occasionally coquetted with the I'Vench and sent embassies to Quebec to make treaties of peace with " Onontio," as they called the governor of Canada, whoever he might be. Much more, however, did they incline, at heart, to the Dutch and afterward to the iMiglish, when the latter came into possession of the colony in 1664. After that time their attitude toward " Corlaer," as they called the gov- ernor of New York, was invariably one of friendship and respect, and they frequently admitted, in councils held by both races jointly, the overlordship of the British sovereign. In all this they may have been guided by the deepest wisdom, an appreciation of the lasting hostility between the two luiropean nations, and a prevision of the final success of the I'^nglish. It is, however, more probable that their policy was actuated by the memory of Champlain's firearms and by the undying Iiatred thus kindled. On the other hand, in spite of occasional quarrels and instances of individual injustice, the luiglish colonists generally treated the Iroquois well, and sometimes used them as temporary allies against the New England Indians. I'^rom 1684, when Denonville became governor of Canada, there was a continual correspondence, usually acrimonious in character, between him and Col. Thomas Dongan, the governor of New York, in which each accused the other of unwarrantable acts. While the controversy was raging, Denonville prepared to strike a blow that should bring the Five Nations to a realising sense of the greatness of France and the advisability of submission to its authority. In 1687 he got together from all sources as large a force as possible for an invasion of the Seneca country, preluding his advance by seizing a number of peaceable Iro- quois, most of them Onondagas, who were in Canada, and sending them to I'^rance, to be put at work in the galleys, among criminals and Huguenots. As some of these captives were chiefs of high rank, no greater degradation could be conceived of, and the action excited far more rage among the friends of the deported than if they had been burned at the stake. On the loth of July Denonville arrived at Iron- WARS WITH THE FRENCH. 23 dequoit bay, with an army consisting of more than eight hundred French regulars, a somewhat larger number of the Canadian militia, and several Huron and Algonquin Indians. Almost at the very hour of his arrival he was joined at that point by a force that had been raised in the neigh- borhood of Michillimackinac, and had come by the way of Niagara to meet him. This force comprised nearly two hundred conreiirs des bois — those "runners of the woods," French by nationality, but Indian in habit, who, though rebellious to discipline, were the most effective of all fighters against the savages — and twice as many Sioux, Ottawas and Illinois, so that the whole combined army amounted to nearly three thousand men. A landing being made without resistance, a fort was erected on the sand bar, hastily built of palisades during the morning of July 12, to insure the safety of the boats and of such stores as could not be carried Leaving about a seventh of his force to guard this structure, Denon- ville set out with the rest of his army, marching nine miles in the after- noon of that day. Pushing onward the next day, through the southern part of the county, where they met three or four Seneca women in the corn fields, they passed into Ontario county, and approached the place for which they were destined, Gannagaro,' the principal village of the tribe. Just before they should have reached it they had to pass through a defile, on both sides of which was a dense forest of beech trees, where three hundred Senecas lay in ambush. Scarcely had the van of the army entered this dangerous place, when the war- whoop was sounded. Amid the babel of yells and the din of musketr}% the forward portion of the troops, ignorant of the strength of the enemy, were surprised into a temporary panic. Many of the old soldiers, who had stood firm under Conde and Turenne on European battle fields, threw themselves on the ground, in terror of these unknown savages. The heathen Ottawas turned and ran, shrieking, but the Christian Ilurons, inspired by hate rather than by love, answered }'ell by yell ; their courage and fidelity saved the honor of the day, and, when the rest of the army came on the scene, the Senecas, surprised in their turn, fled from the field, carrying with them their wounded and many of their dead. ' The exact location of the village was a matttr of uncertainty until within a few years, but it is now known to have been identical with the present Boughton's Hill, two miles from the village of Victor, 24 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. It was not a French victory — far from it. A hundred white men were killed, many were wounded ; on the side of the Senecas the loss was, perhaps, ecpially <;rcat. Denonville rested that night on the place of combat, while his Indian allies boiled and ate the bodies of their slain enemies, and the next day he burned the lodges in the village of Gan- nagaro, which he found entirely deserted. Ten days were spent in destroying the growing corn of the fields and killing all the swine that could be found in the four villages, so that destitution might be felt during the coming winter. Before his return Denonville took formal possession of the whole country by reading, at Totiakton (Honeoye Falls), di prods verba/ to that effect — a futile action, under the circum- stances, but it may have served to cool his wrath, which was excited by seeing in one of the smaller settlements the arms of England, which had been placed there by Governor Dongan in 1684. On the 24th of July he returned to Irondequoit bay, tore down his palisades and pro- ceeded to Niagara, where he built a fort, and then went back to Quebec. His campaign was productive of no benefit. He had inflicted great injury upon the Senecas, but their loss was made up to them by the confederacy, and their fighting strength suffered but little depletion. A dreadful revenge was taken in the following year, when the Iroquois invaded Canada, slaughtered a thousand of the French, and drove the colony to the brink of ruin, from which it was rescued only by the energy of Frontenac, who succeeded as governor a year later. J. J. BAUSCH. THE STRUGGLE FOR SUPREMACY. 25 CHAPTER IV. THE STRUGGLE FOR SUPREMACY. The Commission of Governor Andros — Extensive Cession from the Indians — The Fort des Sables — Charlevoix's Travels — His Description of the Genesee River — At- tempts at Settlement — Other Indian Cessions — General Prideaux's Expedition — Pou- chot's Work. English control assumed steadily a more tangible form, and King James the Second's commission to Sir Edmund Andros, in 1688, stated distinctly that his jurisdiction extended to the Pacific ocean. Never- theless, there was evidently a tacit acknowledgment that the P'rench claims had a certain force, and Irondequoit bay was for some time a dividing line, beyond which neither party could go without resistance from the other. Thus, Lieutenant-Governor Nanfan reported to the lords of trade, in 1701, that the Five Nations had recently executed an instrument " whereby they conveyed to the crown of England a tract of land eight hundred miles long and four hundred broad, including all their beaver hunting, which tract began at Jarondigat." The boundary lines described in that deed of cession, which is found among the co- lonial documents, are rather vague, but they seem to indicate, in the main, the Huron country, embracing the land in the neighborhood of Georgian bay and extending to the head of Lake Michigan, the words being " all that tract or colony of land beginning on the northwest side of Cadaracqui [Ontario] lake, and including all that vast tract lying be- tween Lake Ottawa [Huron] and the lake called by the natives Cahi- quage and by the Christians the lake of Swege [the early English name for Lake Erie], including the great falls of Oakinagaro." In this deed the expectation was expressed that the donors and their descendants were to have free hunting in that tract for all time, but it was distinctly stated that they were to be " utterly excluded and debarred forever from all action, right, title, interest and demand of, in or to the prem- 4 20 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ises." The document was signed by twenty sachems of the different tribes. It was declared that this was a tract which they had conquered from the Hurons fifty years before, but, as they had never occupied it and no one but tliemselvcs had ever acknowledged their title to it, the hVcnch were no more bound to recognise the validity of an Iroquois cession of land in Canada than the English would be to admit the force of a Huron grant to the territory of New York. A few years later the French, apparently without opposition from any one, erected on the west side of Irondequoit bay, just where the land comes to a point and the Sea Breeze hotel was built in our time, a structure that they called the Fort dcs Sables (or Fort of the Sands), a precursor of the name of " the sand-bar." by which we know the spot to-day. It was the term " fort," rather than the building itself, that excited the attention of the English, and when Governor Hunter inquired about it from the Senecas, in 17 17, they told him that it was not a fort but a trading-house, put there by the French to supply the Indians with goods in exchange for peltry. This was doubtless true, for the Rev. John Durant, who was at Irondequoit the next year, reported that only one store-keeper and two soldiers were left at the fort during the winter. Even that was finally objected to and two years later a messenger was sent to the French fort at Niagara to enter a formal protest against their encroachments on the lands of the Sen- ecas, even by permission of the latter. In May, 1721, an observant traveler passed that way, the Jesuit Father Charlevoix, who, in a series of delightful letters to the Duchesse de Lesdiguicres, gives a full description of his travels in North America. The part relating to this immediate locality has been so often quoted in full that it is not worth while to give more than a summary of it here. Having made a stop at Irondequoit bay, which he seems to have mistaken for a river, as he calls i.t la Riviere dcs Sables, he sailed directly to Braddock's bay,^ which he speaks of somewhat extrava- gantly, as a charming place with the finest point of view in the world. Not till he reached Niagara did ho learn that he had inadvertently I He calls this the bay of the Tsonnontouans. That was the name that was often applied by the Frenchlto the Senecas, to tte land that they occupied and, more specifically, to the valley of the Genesee. It does not seem to have been adopted by the English for any of those desig- nations. THE STRUGGLE FOR SUrREMACY. 27 sailed past the Genesee river (or the Casconchiagon, as he says it was named), an omission which he regrets greatly, on account of the singu- larity of the stream. He then gives, as communicated to him by Cap- tain Joncaire, who had been there the year before, a fairly correct ac- count of the river, with all its cataracts, of which there were then four, the last being at Portage, and he also tells, on the same authority, of two " fountains" near the source of the Ohio river, which were like oil, with the taste of iron, and which the savages used to appease all man- ner of pain. This is the first mention made in writing of the oil springs in Allegany county and is the earliest description given of the Genesee falls and of the river itself, which, till about a hundred years ago, occu- pied, in the eyes of both white and red people, a position insignificant in importance compared with the bay. Strenuous efforts were made by one governor after another to estab- lish a permanent English settlement in this locality, but without suc- cess. The provincial assembly in 1721 appropriated five hundred pounds sterling to secuie the iriendship and adhesion of the savages, and most of this was expended by Governor Burnet in planting a sta- tion at the Indian landing on the eastern side of Irondequoit creek. A trading-house was built there, which Capt. Peter Schuyler occupied, with a company of volunteers, for a year, when it was abandoned, and the enterprise came to nothing. Additional grants of land on an ex- tensive scale were made by the Indians soon after this. On the 14th of September, 1726, in a council held at Albany, the sachems of the Sen- ecas, Cayugas and Onondagas ratified the deed of 1701, above referred to, but without making it any clearer than it was before, and also gave to King George the First a tract sixty miles wide running back from the lake shore and extending from Niagara eastward through the lands of those nations, including all their castles and all the rivers and lakes within those limits, which territory, as well as all the other lands of those three nations, were to be protected by his majesty and his heirs and successors. As no pecuniary consideration was expressed in this document it was about as worthless as its predecessor. That it was considered of little value is shown by the fact that in 1741 Lieutenant- Governor Clarke, by the payment of one hundred pounds, obtained from the three principal Seneca sachems a deed, running to King 28 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. George the Second, of land which was already included in the grant of 1726, for it conveyed a tract beginning six miles east of "Tierondequat," extending twenty miles on the lake shore and going thirty miles inland, thus embracing the greater part of what is now Monroe county. Many inducements were held out to settlers after that time, but none would come, probably for the reason that no fort was erected here, to which they could fly for protection. A little army of nearly three thousand men, consisting of British troops and provincial militia with nine hundred Iroquois, all under General Prideaux, passed along here in July, 1759, on their way to attack the French fort of Niagara, at the mouth of that river. They encamped for one night at Irondequoit and for another at the bay to which was given the name of the commander.^ Three weeks later the same army stopped again at Irondequoit on their return, this time under Sir William Johnson, who had succeeded to the command, as General Prideaux had been killed in the siege that ended with the fall of Fort Niagara. Among the six hundred prisoners who accompanied the troops was Captain Pouchot, the P'rench conmiander at the fort, who, after his return to his native land, wrote a memoir of the "old French war," with observations upon this part of the country, illustrated by several maps. On one of these are pictured the natural features of this locality, Charlevoix's nomenclature being pretty closely adhered to, both on the map and in the text, for in the one the Genesee river is put down as the Cas con-chacon, while in the other it is called Cascon- chiagon. Irondequoit bay is down as the Bayc ct Fort des Sables, and the three falls of the river are also indicated, as well as the principal Indian trails in this vicinity, one of which leads through a place called Anjogeen, apparently the same with the present Honeoye Falls, Pouchot feels it necessary to remark that "the Fort des Sables is only some high banks of sand which are found around the bay of this name," and then he goes on to say that one enters upon the navigation of the river through this bay, from the head of which is a portage of nine miles. The necessity for this toilsome route he explains by saying that, while ' The name assumed its present form by starting with a barbarous mispronunciation of its original (Prideaux) and thence a popular error connected it with the unfortunate British general, Braddock. There was, however, at least one intermediate style, for a niap in a little book published at Albany in 1798 puts it down as Braddoe bay. i^tJLLlVAN'S CAMl'AlGN. 29 the mouth of the river would be very good for the anchorage of vessels, the entrance is difficult on account of a bar, but if the country were in- habited a very convenient passage might be made. The navigation of the upper river, then made only in bark canoes, would, he observes, " be much more considerable if these countries should come to be occu- pied by Europeans." All the land between the bay and the river he declares to be low and marshy, even as far back as the upper falls, which he calls the Rideaii des Cotes (or " side curtain "). " The whole country along these rivers," he says, " is beautiful and fertile, as is also in general the whole that the Iroquois inhabit." A translation was made of this valuable work in 1866, in which were placed two engravings of the Genesee falls, reproduced from originals by Mazell, which were executed by that celebrated artist from drawings made on the spot by Capt. Davies, an officer in the royal regiment of artillery, who accompanied the army in 1759. There is also given in some editions of this translation a map of the country of the Iroquois, prepared in 1771 by Guy Johnson, the nephew and son-in-law of Sir William and his successor as " sole superintendent of the Six Nations and other northern tribes." Its interest to us lies in the names given upon it, where Canandaigua is put down as " Canandanigey," the Gen- esee as "Little Senecas' river," Irondequoit as " Adiarundaquat bay " and Sodus as " Aserotus bay." CHAPTER V. SULLIVAN'S CAMPAIGN. The Revolutionary War — Attitude of the Iroquois — The Confederacy Divided — Raids of the Indians — The Massacre at Cherry Valley — Reprisals Ordered — Washington's Instructions to Sullivan — Advance of the Army— Destruction of Property — Atrocities on Both Sides — Killing of Boyd and Parker — Close of the Conflict. The war of the Revolution passed by Monroe county, but there was one campaign that came so near to it and that was so closely associated with it as to be a fit subject for mention in this sketch. That is the in- 30 LANDMARKS OK AfONROE COUNTY. vasion of the Genesee country by a patriot army under Gen. John Sul- livan. The fall of Quebec in September, 1759, and the formal cession of Canaria to the I^nglish crown four years later, had made but little difference in the relation of the Iroquois tribes to the American settlers in this state. They had always been, on the whole, friendly to the English, and they were so still. But when the discontent of the colonists against the exactions of the British government reached a height that indicated an appeal to arms, the Iroquois were thrown into a state of perplexity that ended in a disagreement which brought about the downfall of the confederacy. That compact and formidable league, which had for centuries resisted all attempts to break its force, fell to pieces because, for the first time, imity of action could not be main- tained. Both of the white parties in the approaching struggle perceived, at an early day, the importance of obtaining the alliance of the Six Nations. Shortly before the war broke out, the Rev. Samuel Kirkland, an influential missionary among the Oneidas, had trietl to induce the whole confederacy to declare itself on the American side, and others had gone so far as to intrigue among the Canadian and Nova Scotia Indians for the same purpose. On the other hand Colonel Guy Johnson, who possessed much of the personal control of his uncle over the savages, found little difficulty in committing the Mohawks, the most warlike of all the tribes, irrevocably to the British interest. A grand council was held at the I^ong House, and earnest efforts were made by the Mohawk sachems to induce all the others to unite with them. If they had succeeded, it might not have changed the result of the war of independence, but it would have prolonged the conflict and increased the misery of many thousands. As it was, the Oneidas stood firm for the Americans and took the war-path in that cause, while the Ononda- gas and the Tuscaroras stood aloof, not engaging as tribes, though many of their }'Oung men fought on the patriot side. The Mohawks, at the eastern end of the line, took up the hatchet for King George, almost to a man, and their example was followed by the Cayugas and by the Senecas at the western end, who put into the field their full fighting force of nearly a thousand men, leaving the tillage of the ground to the women and children. In addition to these ferocious allies, General Burgoyne had enlisted, in a more regular manner, a large SULLIVAN'S CAMPAIGN. 31 body of Canadian Indians, and with them, as well as a finely equipped British army, had invaded New York in 1777. Not only did the Senecas and the Mohawks co-operate with this force, but after Bur- goyne's surrender they continued the war on their own account, some- times in connection with a band of loyalists called Butler's Rangers, and sometimes by themselves. Falling upon defenseless villages they slaughtered many of the inhabitants, while the settlers upon outlying farms were never safe from their murderous forays. None of these affairs excited more general horror than the massacre at Cherry Valley, the most western of the white settlements, in which, after an unsuccess- ful attack upon a garrisoned fort, many of the people in the surrounding village were killed and a few were carried off into captivity. This act which was largely in revenge for the destruction of the Indian village of Unadilla, in Pennsylvania, was committed by a band consisting partly of loyalists, but mainly of five hundred Senecas, who, under the leader- ship of their war- chief, Sangerachta, set out for the purpose from Fort Niagara, near which most of the tribe were then located. The limit of endurance seemed to be reached; relief from these con- tinued surprisals, this constant danger that threatened extinction, must be obtained in some way, or the whole state of New York, west of the Hudson, would have to be abandoned to its original occupants. Con- gress was beset by appeals for help, and finally that body, in 1779, authorised General Washington to "take the most effective measures for protecting the inhabitants of the states and chastising the Indians." To the mind of the commander-in-chief nothing appeared so well calcu- lated to accomplish this result as an invasion of the country of the Senecas, and for this purpose an army of about five thousand men was put under the command of General Sullivan, whose instructions from Washington included the following words : "The immediate objects are the total destruction and devastation of their settlements and the capture of as many prisoners, of every age and sex, as possible. It will be essential to ruin their crops now in the ground, and prevent them planting more. Parties should be detached to lay waste all the settle- ments, with instructions to do it in the most effectual manner, that the country be not merely overrun but destroyed." Tiiese severe directions were fully complied with. 32 LANDMAI:K8 of MONROE COUNTY. In the summer of 1779 Sullivan's army advanced up the Chemung river, and encountered at Newtown, near the present city of Elniira, a hostile force, consisting of loyahsts, British regulars and Indians, the last of whom were mainly Mohawks, most of the Senecas having fled to the western part of their own territory. The engagement at that point was not sanguinary, the enemy being easily routed and driven from their intrenched position. From Newtown the advance was continued to Geneva, Canandaigua and Conesus, the enemy keeping well out of sight most of the time. Desolation marked every step of the progress of the army, forty-one Indian villages being obliterated, a hundred houses torn down and hundreds of acres of corn, beans and potatoes being destroyed, with an enormous number of fruit bearing trees. Finally the Genesee was reached, and there, at last, was found the " Chinesce castle," of which the invaders were in search, but its name was more pretentious than its reality, and it did not take long to destroy it, for its defenders had vanished. It was situated at Little Beard's Town, now Cuylerville, in Livingston county, and that was, perhaps, the most northern point of Sullivan's advance, though many writers think that some portion of his army descended the Genesee as far as the site of Rochester. Nothing, however, but tradition and oft-repeated stories, whose origin cannot be traced, forms the ground for that belief, and against it is the fact that neither the general's report nor any of the journals of the soldiers, which were quite full and which have been offi- cially published, give any indication thereof. Atrocities were committed on both sides during the campaign. Our soldier shot down more than one defenseless squaw, and an incident is recorded in their journals where a house was burned to the ground with two decrepit savages in it. A milder form of barbarity was shown in the custom of scalping the dead and bringing the reeking trophies into camp, and, in two instances, in taking ofT the skin of slain Indians from the hips downward, to make into leggings, one pair of which was to be worn by a major in the Continental army. These acts have ex- cited little detestation among the white people, because they have not been much written about, but great indignation has been felt, and properly, over the fate of two soldiers who fell into the hands of the savages. As General Sullivan was not able to find any guides to lead S. L. BREWSTHR. SULLIVAN'S CAMPAIGN. 33 him further north than Conesus lake, he dispatched twenty-six riflemen, under Lieut. Tliomas Boyd, as a scouting party. These found the village on the Canaseraga creek of which they were in search and had started to rejoin the army when they found themselves surrounded by several hundred Rangers under the command of Colonel Butler and Indians under the leadership of Brant. Twenty of the soldiers were killed at once, four escaped, Boyd and a private named Parker were captured. The lieutenant refused to divulge anything with regard to the move- ments of the army and he was put to death after being tortured in the most horrible manner, while Parker was beheaded without preliminary suffering. Brant and Butler, especially the latter, have been blamed for having permitted this atrocious deed, but there seems to be no valid reason for the accusation. Brant left the scene, and probably his Mo- hawks went with him, before Boyd's examination, and immediately after that Butler and the Rangers marched hurriedly away to P'ort Ni- agara. During the confusion of the retreat, for such it was, the two prisoners were evidently carried off by the few Senecas present, for they were killed during the day by direction of Little Beard, a sub- chief of that tribe. So hot was the pursuit of the patriot troops that they came upon the mangled bodies of the victims while they were still warm and their remains were buried on the spot where they died. There they rested until 1841, when, on the 21st of August, the anni- versary of the massacre, they were brought to Rochester and deposited with imposing ceremonies in a receptacle on the summit of Revolu- tionary hill, in Mt. Hope cemetery, Governor Seward delivering the address on the occasion. The Genesee river was the western limit of this inglorious invasion, and from that Sullivan returned eastward. He ended his campaign without having forced his foe to any decisive fighting and content with having inflicted untold misery and sorrow, for he had broken up the homes of a whole people who in the following winter suffered destitu- tion, hunger and even starvation in the vicinity of Fort Niagara, where all the Seneca families had sought refuge. The whole movement was of doubtful utility, for it produced scarcely any impairment of the fighting force of the powerful tribe ; the women and children were the principal sufferers, and the warriors had, after that, an additional stim- 5 34 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ulus to the ferocity with which they made reprisals upon the white set- tiers long after the war had practically ceased between the contending armies. It was, in its effects, Denonville's invasion over again, and the final results would have been as disastrous as in the former case if the war had turned the other way, leaving the Indians with a free hand with which to yield the scalping-knife and kindle the torture fires. As it was, the Senecas never returned to their former settlements east of the Genesee, but gathered in straggling parties near the western frontier, issuing from their lairs to work vicarious revenge, and, as swiftly as they had appeared, retreating to their lurking-places, whither it was indiscreet, if not impossible, to follow them. These destructive raids continued during the interval between the surrender of Corn- wallis, on the 19th of October, 1781, and the final signing of the treaty of peace, on the 3d of September, 1783. Even after that time the Senecas in the neighborhood of Fort Niagara, encouraged, as some think, by the officers of the garrison, would have continued the war on their own account and in their own way. One of the terms of that treaty was that all private debts on either side should be paid in sterling money, and another condition was that Congress should recommend to the several states that further proceed- ings against the loyalists should not take place and that persons with claims on confiscated lands might have facilities for recovering them. But the recommendations of Congress were wholly disregarded ; the Tories, as they were called, were dreadfully harassed, particularly in New York state, and were deprived of most of their rights, while the express provision regarding private obligations to residents of Great Britain was thwarted by the refusal of several of the states to repeal the statutes which precluded the collection of such debts. Under the loose government of the Confederation, which preceded the Union, Congress was powerless to compel compliance, and England, in the meantime, retained its clutch upon the northern frontier fortresses in the United States, as it had a right to do, until justice should be done, so that it was not till 1795 that these posts were finally surrendered. That left Fort Niagara for a long time as a nucleus of disaffection, a safe retreat for the savages. Toward the close of 1783 or in the early part of T784 they had laid their plans for a stealthy and murderous SOVeHEIGNTY and PRE-EMPTION. 35 excursion on a grand scale, but, just before they were about to start, Ebenezer Allan, a man white by birth but Indian by association, of whom more will be said hereafter, got hold, in some way, of a belt of wampum and sent it, as a symbol of peace, to the commandant of the nearest American post. That oflficer, though he may have had some suspicion of the fraudulent nature of the transaction, assumed to think- that all was done in good faith. He immediately answered the missive by sending to the sachems a message declaring that the wampum was accepted and that peace should endure between the white men and the Indians. The latter were grievously chagrined at the trick that had been played upon them, but their respect for the sacredness of the pledge was so potential that they abandoned their sanguinary intention, and from that time there were no hostilities between the races in the region of Western New York. CHAPTER VI. SOVEREIGNTY AND PRE-EMPTION. Surrender of Northwestern Territory — Dispute between New York and Massachu- setts — Conflicting Royal Charters — Rights of Conquest from the Dutch — Commissjon- ers Appointed — A Settlement Effected. The independence of the thirteen colonies having been acknowl- edged, and the conflicts with the Indians being at an end, it might be supposed that New York would remain in peaceful and undisputed possession of all the lands within its borders and that its territorial limits would be as well defined as those of any other country. Far from it. A new source of contention developed itself, which required the greatest exercise of moderation and discretion to prevent the argu- ment from growing into an appeal to arms between two sister states. Allusion has been made above to the fact that the claims of the English colonists were based on charter rights and on conquest from the Dutch, When the French claims, based on the right of discovery, were put out of the way, the British government cared little which colony owned or nr, T.ANDMAKKS OF MONROE COUNTY. held jurisdiction over any particular piece of territory, and the colonies themselves, before the Revolution, were scarcely more concerned about the matter. Hut during the war mutual jealousies began to crop out, and the southern states, hemmed in, as was then thought, b}' the range of the Alleghany mountains, were distrustful of the great preponder- ance that might be obtained by New York and New England if the e.vpansion of the Northwest, which was recognised as belonging to those states, should ever assume the proportions that were claimed for it. Partly to quiet these apprehensions and partly, as was stated, to provide "a common fund for the expenses of the war," the delegates in Congress from New York, in pursuance of an act of the legislature, executed a deed on the 1st of IMarcli, 1 781, ceding to the United States both the jurisdiction and the right of soil in all lands west of Lake On- tario. Four years later Massachusetts followed the noble example of New York by giving up all its claim to that region, but Connecticut refused to part with its land beyond the border till 1800, and even then it retained a large tract in Ohio, which has always been known as the Western Reserve. Soon after independence was achieved, the dispute between Massa- chusetts and New York, as to which was the real owner of the land in the western part of the latter state, assumed a definite form. Massa- chusetts, with some show of reason, based its claim upon priority of charter. In 1606 James the First of Great Britain granted to two associations, called the London company and the Virginia company, all the land on our eastern coast running from the thirty- fourth to the forty fifth parallel of north latitude, the dividing line being uncertain from the fact that the southern, or Virginia, territory overlapped the other by three degrees. Ignoring both of these charters, more partic- ularly the first one, James gave, in 1620, to the council in Plymouth, P2ngland, a grant of land extending from the fortieth to the forty-eighth degree and running from sea to sea. Under this charter a sub grant was given by the home company, in 1621, to the colonists of Plymouth, Mass., whose original patent was invalid by reason of their having ob- tained it from the Virginia company, whereas they had settled on land belonging unquestionably to the London company. In 1628 the same council gave to what became the Boston colony a grant of land imme- SOVERETGNTY AND PREEMPTION. 37 diately north of that given to the Mayflower people and running, Hke theirs, to " the western sea." In the next year King Charles the First gave a charter confirming this grant and calling the grantees "the gov- ernor and company of the Massachusetts Bay in New England." This last charter was afterward revoked and toward the end of that century the two colonies and the region north of them were united under one government as " the province of Massachusetts Bay." In this docu- ment the territory was stated to extend " toward the South sea, or west- ward as far as the colonies of Rhode Island, Connecticut and the Narra- gansett country." This was a most vague delimitation, meaning, if it meant anything, " as far as those colonies extended," for it was well known, at that time, that they lay south of the new province, and the western boundary of Connecticut had been fixed, a few years before that, at a line twenty miles east of the Hudson river. It was really upon the charter of 1620 that the claim of Massachusetts for indefinite extension rested, and the weakness of the claim lay in the fact that the charter had been superseded by that of William and Mary in 1691. New York's claim was actually much stronger, though it did not go back so far for an English charter. It was based, primarily, on the Dutch discovery, in 1609, of the Hudson river — for Hendrick Hudson, the first explorer of that stream, though an Englishman by birth, was then in the service of Holland — and on the Dutch settlement of New Amsterdam, in 16 14, both of which events occurred before King James's charter of 1620. How far west the sovereignty of Holland ex- tended, or was then supposed to extend, is quite uncertain, but the Iroquois, not only Mohawks but Senecas, at this end of the line, made concessions indicating that the Dutch influence, to say the least, was widespread in this direction. In March, 1664, Charles the Second, with characteristic generosity in giving away what did not belong to him, deeded to his brother, then Duke of York and Albany and afterward King James the Second, all the land held and possessed by the Dutch in this country, and later in the same year an expedition was sent over which made the royal gift something more than words by capturing New Amsterdam and Fort Orange, whose names were at once changed to correspond with the ducal titles. Holland reconquered its North American province in 1673, but a year later gave it back in exchange 38 LANDMARKS UK MONROE COUNTY. for Surinam, in South America, and then Charles's deed of gift to James was made more vahd by its reissue in the same words. The claim of New York was strengthened by the fact that in repeated cessions. of lands by the Indians, alluded to in the preceding pages, though the different grants had been made to the king of England, those cessions had been obtained by the efiforts of the governors and other officials of the colony of New York, that all the deeds had been witnessed in their presence, without the mention of any other colon)-, and that New York had always borne the expense of the Iroquois alliance and was relied upon alone to preserve it. So much for its own claim, and with regard to that of Massachusetts it was pointed out that the two royal charters of 1620 and 1628 ex- pressly excepted from their operation " all lands actually possessed and inhabited by any other Christian prince or state ; " that, as the Dutch were at that time in possession and occupancy of the New Netherlands, their lands could not be granted away by the English sovereign, and that the language quoted was really a recognition of their ownership and jurisdiction. In answer to this, Massachusetts admitted that New York succeeded to all the rights of Holland, whatever they were, but it was insisted that the Dutch had never settled or made any positive claim of jurisdiction further west than the Mohawk river, which should therefore be taken as the boundary ; that Charles the Second's grant did not define the western limit at all, and that the Indians did not cede directly anything to New York. Thus it will be seen that the principal force of the arguments of each disputant lay in showing up the weakness of the other side, rather than in establishing the tenability of its own position. It being apparent that the two states would never reconcile their pre- tensions by mutual agreement, Massachusetts, in May, 1784, appealed to Congress to settle the difificulty by appointing commissioners whose decision should be final. Congress proceeded in the circuitous manner customary with that body, and, instead of appointing commissioners as requested, directed the two states to select, each its own agents, who were to appear and argue the matter in the following December. These instructions were complied with, but when the agents came be- fore Congress another change was made and they were told to agree SOVEREIGNTY AND PRE-EMPTION. 39 upon judges, who would hear and determine the matter. In the fol- fowing June they reported that they had agreed upon judges, but be- fore the time came for the sitting of the commission the chosen arbitra- tors had decHned to serve, and Congress, at the request of the agents, granted a postponement, which meant an abandonment, of the proceed- ings. Baffled by these dilatory performances and this worse than use- less circumlocution, the two state legislatures did what they would have saved much time and trouble by doing at the outset — they empowered their agents to settle the matter among themselves, without the inter- vention of any third party. The commissioners, as they thus became, met at Hartford, Conn., and on the i6th of December, 1786, came to an agreement which was in the nature of a compromise, as such things usually are. Under the guise of a reciprocal cession, as though each side owned everything, the right of New York to the government, sovereignty and jurisdiction over all the lands claimed by it was acknowledged, and, at the same time, Massachusetts was declared to possess the right to pre- emption of the soil from the Indians in a large tract of land between Chenango river and Owego creek, ^ and also the same right with regard to all the land between a line running north to Lake Ontario from a point on the Pennsylvania line eighty- two miles west of the northeastern corner of that state (which passed through the western edge of Seneca lake), and a north and south line one mile east of the Niagara river. Supplementary details accompanied this division, but it is not necessary to give them, further than this, that Massachusetts was allowed to sell the pre-emption right and its grantees might purchase from the Indians, but no such purchase was to be valid until confirmed by Massachusetts after the approval of a superintendent appointed by that state, and the grants thus confirmed were to be recorded in the office of the secretary of state of New York. This agreement was signed by James Duane, 1 This peculiar partition of a tract of land covering 230,400 acres, and separated by so great a distance from the principal part of the territory conveyed, was due to the fact that Robert K. Livingston, afterward chancellor of the state.who was one of the agents of New York from the be- ginning, had, in previous conferences with the agents of Massachusetts, offered to cede to the latter state, as a peace offering, ten townships, each containing thirty-six square miles. Massachusetts, in expectation of receiving this tract, had entered into negotiations with prospective purchasers, though it was not actually sold till Noveitjber 7, for fifteen hundred pounds. This is the tract mentioned above, and it went afterward by the name_of the " Boston Ten Towns." 40 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Robert R. Livin<;ston, Robert Yates, John Haring, Melanchton Smith and Egbert Benson, agents of New York, and John Lowell, James Sullivan, Theophilus Parsons and Rufus King, agents of Massachusetts. It is a little singular that both states should thus have recognised, in this formal manner, the ultimate right of the Senecas and Cayugas to the ownership of the land, in spite of all the sales and cessions of the same by the Indians to the king of England, as mentioned in the fore- going [)ages. The two states having, through their legislatures, ratified the settlement, it was deemed proper, if not necessary, to submit it to Congress for its approval, which was obtained without difficulty. CHAPTER VII. THE PURCHASE FROM THE INDIANS. Tlic Lessees — Conspiracy to Defraud Massachusetts — Plielps and Gorliani — Tliey Contract for Western New York — They Extinguish the Indian Title — The Mill- Yard Piece — Remarkable Errors in the Survey — The Reversion to Massachusetts — Sales to Robert Morris — Tlie Holland Purchase — The Treaty at Big Tree — Present Location of the Senecas. While the compromise made at Hartford was not perfectly satisfac- tory to anybody, it was generally acquiesced in as being the best outcome of the dispute that was practicable. An exception existed in the shape of an association of individuals bearing the title of the New York Gene- see Land company, but better known by the aggregate name of " the Lessees." This band of conspirators, for it was nothing less, included the honored names of Livingston and Schuyler, and it commanded influence of the most formidable character, for several members of the New York legislature and other officials were engaged in it, besides others whose distinction in various directions gave them the prestige of expected success. Its object was to defraud Massachusetts of that which had just been formally acknowledged to belong to it, and, with- out paying one penny to that commonwealth, to get possession of all the land of Western New York, THE PURCHASE FROM THE INDIANS. 41 By promising, though there is no reason to suppose that they ever paid it, a bonus of twenty thousand dollars to the Indians, this company secured, on the 30th of November, 1787, a lease of all the territory known as the lands of the Six Nations, and then in the actual possession of the chiefs or sachems of those tribes. The annual rental was to be two thousand Spanish milled dollars, and the lease ran for nine hundred and ninety- nine years, so that it amounted, practically, to a sale, for, if the swindle had gone through, the payment of the rental would, un- doubtedly, have been compromised, a little later, by the payment of a specific sum of money. So amazing was the effrontery of these unprincipled speculators, that they petitioned the legislature for a recog- nition of the lease, but the request was refused. On the contrary, so obviously fraudulent was the nature of the transaction, that the lease was declared absolutely void, as equivalent to a purchase, and the gov- ernor was authorised to use force, if necessary, to prevent the usurpers from entering into the occupancy of the land. The legislature of Mas- sachusetts of course declined to acknowledge the validity of the lease. In spite of all this the Lessees continued their intrigues for some time, and contemplated a project for forming a separate state out of the terri- tory, till the arrest of one of their number on the charge of treason convinced them that the sovereignty of New York meant something, and they reluctantly abandoned their nefarious scheme. In after years they petitioned the legislature so persistently for relief that that body weakly granted to them some lands in the Military tract, which had been set apart for Revolutionary soldiers. Before the culmination of this audacious enterprise others had been stimulated to obtain in a legal manner what the Lessees had tried to get in defiance of treaties. For more than a century before that there had been a constant wrangle between the colonies of Massachusetts and Connecticut over the location of the east and west line that should divide them, and an unsightly indentation that still remains on all maps which include either of those states bears witness to the imperishable harm that may be accomplished by ambiguity of statement in land convey- ances or inaccuracy in topographical surveys. One of the towns that lay within this disputed belt, the most of which was finally given up to Connecticut, was Suffield, and all the children of that community grew 6 !•_' LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. up with a familiarity, thougli probably little comprehension thereof, with endless contentions about the difference between the magnetic north and the true north, the continued altitude of the polar star, the variation of the needle, and all those details that entered into the determination of a correct west line from a given point. Among these youths was Oliver Phelps, who, having arrived at this time at a sagacious manhood, appreciated, in view of all the circumstances just mentioned, and the general information that he had acquired, the almost boundless possi- bilities of settlement in what was then the great West, and the capabil- ities of confusion in running meridian lines. Probably, also, the expe- rience through which the Lessees were then passing showed him the advantage of dealing, in a discreet manner, with the legislature, instead of trafficking with the Indians. Finding that Nathaniel Gorham, who had been president of the Con- tinental Congress in the preceding year, had made already some ad- vances in that direction, Phelps united with him, and the two together, in the beginning of 1787, made, for themselves and their associates, a proposition to purchase one million acres of this Western New York land at the rate of one shilling and sixpence per acre. This offer was declined, but in the following year another proposition was made, and on the 1st of April, 1788, the "general court" of Massachusetts, by which antiquated title the legislature of that state has always been known, sold to these parties the whole six and a quarter millon acres west of Seneca lake, previously described in the terms of settlement. This conveyance was subject, of course, to the Indian title, which was to be extinguished by the purchasers. The price agreed upon was ^,'300,000 in consolidated securities of the commonwealth, and, as the Massachu- setts pound was equivalent to $3.3313, and the state securities were then worth one fifth of their face value, it made the amount to be paid nominally $1,000,000, but actually $200,000, or at the rate of a trifle over three cents an acre, the payments to be made in thirds annually, beginning one year from the date of the contract. True to its theolog- ical traditions, as mingling church and state together, it was provided in the instrument that the Rev. Samuel Kirkland, the religious and polit- ical missionary alluded to in a previous chapter, should superintend and approve, at the expense of the grantees, all the purchases to be made from the Indians of their claims. THE rURCHASE FROM THE INDIANS. 43 All published histories and articles on this subject, as far as I am aware, say that Oliver Phelps came to this region and obtained his deed from the Indians before any surveys were made, but facts have recently come to light which show that even before the legislature of Massachu- setts had made the grant to him, and while his proposition was pending before that body, he had come on here, or had sent a trustworthy sur- veyor who did the work required of him. A survey was made by running a line from the lower falls due west one- half mile (carrying it through the center of what was afterward called Rowe street till a year ago, when the name was foolishly changed to Lexington avenue), then running a line due south from the first point, carrying it through the present course of Grape street and Jefferson avenue. On these two lines, rectangular to each other, plots were mapped out half a mile square, the sides of which formed the basis for future streets in Roches- ter, as is seen from the fact that just half a mile from Caledonia avenue, the western limit of the One- hundred-acre tract, comes Jefferson avenue, the western line of the village of Rochester; half a mile from that is Child street, the first boundary of the city on that side, beyond which an equal distance is our present western confine. The Buffalo road (now West avenue), Lyell avenue, Rowe street (or Lexington avenue) and the Ridge road are a mile apart from each other, but the intersecting half miles have not been so plainly perpetuated. This little map, so long forgotten and unknown, is interesting, as showing the first survey made not only in Rochester but in Western New York, and as indicating that the west side of the river was considered even then as the more desirable portion and the locality between the lower falls and the rapids as the choicest spot in all this region. There is reason to suppose that Phelps, in his negotiations with the Massachusetts legisla- ture, used this map with accompanying promises of sales to influential members on terms satisfactory to them, for the art of lobbying is not a discovery of the present century and there must be some reason for the acceptance of an offer much lower than one that had previously been refused. Phelps, who had been given by his associates full power in the matter of purchasing from the Indians, came to this part of the country soon after he obtained the grant, and in July held a council with the Senecas u Landmarks of monroe county. at Buffalo creek. The meeting had been delayed by the intrigues of the Lessees, and when it was finally held they were on hand to com- plicate matters. In this they were aided by another concern of a simi- lar shady character, called the Niagara Genesee company, comprised of Col. Butler and other loyalists, besides a number of British officers. Although a common interest caused these companies to work together at different times, no love was lost between them, and their disagree- ments sometimes enabled other people to run off with the plunder. A less adroit diplomatist than Phelps would have been dismayed by the obstacles that rose before him, but his experience showed him how to deal with them. By the conveyance to the Lessees of four townships their release of the land to be purchased from the Indians was obtained. It was more difficult to deal with the Niagara company, the members of which kept telling the Indians that the frontier forts would never be given up and that the whole country would soon come again under the dominion of the British. Finally, however, those conspirators were dis- posed of, exactly how is not known, but probably by taking them into partnership on a small scale. They alleged as much a few years later, when they filed a bill in chancery, stating that they had been promised by Phelps one-eighth of all the proceeds from future sales of the lands, but there is no reason to suppose that they ever gained anything by that proceeding. Phelps was now left free to deal with the Indians, who, influenced by the powerful eloquence of Red Jacket, one of the principal sachems of the Senecas, agreed without much reluctance to sell all the land from Seneca lake to the Genesee river, but the latter was to be the dividing line, beyond which the transfer could not extend, for the land just west of that must, as the " great spirit " told them, be their home forever. Here, again, Phelps's peculiar talents came into play, for it would never do for him to give up the attractive piece of ground that had been plotted out on his little map. In some way he induced the Intlians to believe that it would be to their advantage to let him have a large tract on the west side of the river. The popular story has always been that he agreed to build for them a saw-mill and a grist mill near the falls, at which all their lumber could be sawed and their corn could be ground without having to take the raw material to a great distance eastward, if THE PURCHASE PROM THE INDIANS. 45 they would give him a mill- seat suitable for the purpose ; that, lured by the prospect of a reduction of their manual labor, they finally consented to his demand without stipulating as to the area of this supplementary territory; that after the pipe of agreement had been smoked Phelps told them, in answer to a casual inquiry, that he considered that a piece twelve miles by twenty- four would be about the proper thing, and that the Indians, though overwhelmed with astonishment, considered them- selves bound by their promise and acted accordingly. This, if true, would show that their sense of honor was far higher than that of the white negotiator, who could thus cajole them out of this imperial mill- yard, but there is another explanation of their conduct which, while it deprives them of any claim to lofty integrity, adds nothing to the repu- tation of their customer. Ebenezer Allan, the constant advisor and apparent friend of the Indians, may have inspired them to their first re- fusal and also to their final acquiescence, by the combination of which actions he might readily be the gainer. The reason for this theory, which has never found place in any previous history, lies in the record of real estate transactions which will be mentioned in the succeeding chapter. At any rate, Phelps got hold of the land, and the deed of surrender, which was signed July 8, 1788, conveyed to him and Nathaniel Gor- ham all the territory whose western limit consisted of a line run due north from the Pennsylvania boundary to the confluence of the Genese'e river and Canaseraga creek, thence following the river northward two miles beyond Avon, thence twelve miles to the west, " thence running in a direction northwardly, so as to be twelve miles distant from the most westward bends of said Genesee river to the shore of Ontario lake." The remaining boundaries were the same with those described in the deed of conveyance from Massachusetts. The instrument was signed by twenty three Senecas, including Red Jacket, Little Beard and Farmer's Brother; twenty-two Cayugas, eight Onondagas, three Mo- hawks, including Joseph Brant, and seven squaws, who were styled " governesses," and it was witnessed by several persons, the most note- worthy of whom were Col. Butler and Mr. Kirkland, the latter as representing the state of Massachusetts. It would seem as though, in the transfer of a domain so vast, the consideration would have been 4G LANDMARKS OP MONROE COUNTY. fully expressed in the deed, but, on the contrary, no mention is made of it, and indeed it would have been in conflict with the character of those engaged in the transaction if everything had been arranged in such a way as to avoid future controversy. When payment came to be made, which was done at Canandaigua in 1789, the Indians were loud in their complaints of treachery, alleging that the promises of Phelps were not complied with. Red Jacket, in a council held the next year at Tioga with Timothy Pickering, the super- intendent of Indian affairs for the northern district of the United States, charged that fraud had been committed, so that the Indians received only half of what they had been expecting, getting $5,000 instead of $10,000. Cornplanter, at the head of a delegation of Seneca chiefs, ^ent to Philadelphia a month after that, and laid the case before Presi- dent Washington in person, complaining that they had been cheated in the payments and that the whole treaty at l^uffalo creek had been fraudulently conducted. In reply to these accusations Phelps produced affidavits showing that the amount agreed upon was $5,000, half at once and half one year later, besides a continuous annuity of $500 pay- able half in cash and half in cattle. That was all he ever paid, to its acknowledged owners, for what is larger than some states in Europe. It is probable that he was right as to the technical points; it is equally probable that the Indians were overreached and were allowed, if not induced, to expect more than they ever obtained ; it is certain that they were grievously disappointed. Phelps lost no time in having an official survey made of his new ter- ritory. Having brought Col. Hugh Maxwell along with him to the conference, he had that individual begin to run his lines within a week or two after the treaty was signed. Here, again, an obliquity mani- fested itself that fittingly supplemented the previous proceedings. The east line, or " pre-emption line," as it was generally called, was run first, and it was made to take a bend westwardly, by which some eighty-four thousand acres that belonged in the purchase were left out. Maxwell explained afterward that the mistake was made by some of his assistants while he was absent, getting supplies, but the fact that some of the land thus excluded was actually occupied by one or more of the Lessees, at the present site of Geneva, is very suggestive. The loss was more than THE PURCHASE FROM THE INDIANS. 47 made up by the deflection, also westvvardly, of the west line, from the point at which it should have begun to run parallel with the Genesee river, northeasterly, instead of which it shot due north from that point, thus taking in eighty seven thousand acres that had never been bought or sold. No pretense was made that this was a mistake ; it was simply robbery from the defenseless Indians. One good feature of this survey was that it possessed an admirable species of uniformity. By it the land was divided into ranges, six miles wide, which ran north and south, and those ranges were divided into townships six miles square, except where the bend in the Genesee as it neared the lake caused some ranges to be shortened and the shape of several towns to be altered. The general system of division in that way, not known to have been used before, became the model for all future surveys of new lands in the United States. The history of the Phelps and Gorham purchase may as well be dis- posed of at this point. On November 21, 1788, the Massachusetts legislature confirmed the title to all the land between Seneca lake and the Genesee and also the mill-yard piece on the west. Phelps evidently continued to cherish hopes of being able to extinguish the Indian title to the remainder, for he seems to have done nothing looking to an ad- justment with Massachusetts during 1789. In February and March, .1790, he made various offers to surrender his claim to the rest, but it was not till March 10, 1791, that the commonwealth took back ifs pre-emptive right to the western land. The settlement was made on the hypothesis that that amounted to two thirds of the whole original purchase, but it did not, for what had been confirmed to Phelps really amounted to considerably more than one-third. By this arrangement Phelps should have paid to Massachusetts /,I00,000 in consolidated securities, but those funds had risen by that time to nearly their face value, in consequence of the United States government having assumed the payment of the debts of the states, and so the purchasers, if they had been held to the terms of the bond, would have had to pay more than four times as much as they had expected at the outset to pay. They appealed for justice on the ground of equity, though we have just seen how, in their dealing with the Indians, they refused to abate a single ounce of the pound of flesh, but, on the contrary, tried to take 48 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. flcsli and blood and everything else. What particular methods were used to bring about the compromise is not known, but it was effected in some way, and so, besides the cancellation of two of the three bonds, the third bond was reduced to less than one-third of its original amount, or /"3i,000, equivalent to a little more then $100,000. Even this attenuated obligation could not have been discharged if Phelps and Gorham had not, in the meantime, on November 18, 1790, sold to Robert Morris, of Revolutionary fame, all of their land not pre- viously disposed of by them, reserving to themselves two townships, one including the present site of Canandaigua, the other that of Geneseo. Morris was too shrewd a man to buy a tract of land like that on a sur- vey so atrociously defective as Maxwell's had been, and in the deed to him it was expressly ackuQwledged that " a manifest error had been committed " with regard to the mill -seat tract, so that a new survey would have to be made. While they were about it, it was thought to be as well to have the surveyors run new boundary lines entirely, for the whole territory ceded to Phelps and Gorham by the Indians. This was done in 1791 and 1792, by a party with Major Adam Hoops, formerly of Sullivan's army, as superintendent, assisted by several persons, among them Augustus Porter, who then drew the first correct map of the original purchase. The eastern, or pre-emption, line was straightened, and the piece stolen from the Indians on the west, which was afterward called the "Triangle tract," was restored to them. Morris's purchase from Phelps was found to contain a little more than a million and a quarter acres, so that he bought almost exactly one-half of what the Indians had sold, and, though the consideration named in the deed is only nominal, there is reason to suppose that he paid about $150,000, which was more than Phelps paid for the whole. It was less than a year before Morris disposed of this tract, selling it. througii his London agents, to three Englishmen — Sir William Pulteney, William Hornby and Patrick Colquhoun. As the title to land in New York could not then be vested in aliens, Charles Williamson came over from Scotland and, after he had been duly naturalised, the property was deeded to him in trust for the real owners, the consideration being /"75.000, the equivalent of which at that time was about $350,000, so that Morris more than doubled his money, as Phelps and Gorham had ^ JY^a.i'tHX.^^ THE PURCHASE FROM THE INDIANS. 49 more than doubled theirs. WilHamson established his office at a little settlement which he named Bath, after Pulteney's only child, Laura, countess of Bath. 13eing a man of ambition and tireless energy he did much to open up the new country, but his expenditures were so vast that his principals finally refused to let him go further, and offered him $150,000 and 12,000 acres of land at cost if he would turn the property over to them, which might have been done, as New York had then passed a law giving aliens power for three years to give and receive the titles to real estate. But this he would not or could not do, on account of the magnitude of the obligations that he had incurred. At the last it was only by giving him $89,000 and agreeing to pay his debts to the stupendous sum of $225,000 that he was induced to relax his grip and sign the deeds on the 31st of March, 1801, two days before the expira- tion of the enabling act. Robert Troup, a New York lawyer, succeeded Williamson in the agency of the " Pulteney estate," as it has always been known. On Troup's death, in 1832, Joseph Fellows succeeded him, and in 1862 Benjamin F. Young, then of this city, took charge of the office, which he still retains. In this connection it may be as well to mention the principal transac- tions connected with the ownership of the western end of the state, which Phelps was not able to obtain, and to follow our old friends the Senecas, the former occupants of Monroe county, to their final resting- place in this world. Scarcely had the land been relinquished to Massa- chusetts when that state sold it for $333,000 to Robert Morris, who was already carrying so much real estate that he thought he might as well add indefinitely to the burden. The conveyance of the whole tract, nearly four million acres, was made on the nth of May, 1791, and within two years the owner had sold it all — with the exception of a strip on the east (known as the " Morris Reserve "), twelve miles wide in the main and including the Triangle tract — to several Dutchmen living in Amsterdam, who, though not strictly associated together, are generally alluded to as the Holland Land company. In passing the title to the American agent of those foreigners Morris agreed to ex- tinguish the Indian claim as a necessary condition of the sale, and a part of the purchase price was held back till that should be done. The execution of this project was delayed for a few years by various consid- 50 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. cratiuns, principally the desire on Morris's part to wait till Fort Niagara should be given up, so that he might not have to encounter the obstruc- tive machinations of the British officers. This difficulty was removed in 1795, but for some reason it was not till August, 1797, that the various parties assembled at Big Tree, near the present site of Genesee, but whether on the east or west side of the river is a matter of dispute. Robert Morris was not present himself, but his son Thomas was there in the interest of his father and with full power to act as the agent of the great financier ; the other attending whites were Col. Jeremiah Wadsworth and Gen. Shepherd, representing the United States and Massachusetts, respectively ; Israel Chapin, superintendent of Indian affairs ; representatives of the Holland company, interpreters and sur- veyors. Confronting them were the Seneca chiefs and sachems in full force, realising that this was their last opportunity for getting any re muneration for the land that was slipping away under their feet — Corn- planter, Red Jacket, Farmer's Brother, Blacksnake, Handsome Lake, Little Beard and all the others. The council fire was lighted, the credentials were presented and Thomas Morris made a speech that had been carefully prepared beforehand, setting forth the great advantages that would accrue from the sale of the land. Day after day the council was held and the negotiations were continued, botli sides being non- committal, Morris evading the question of specific payment and the Indians insisting that the proposal must come from him, not from them. Finally he offered $100,000, to be invested in stock of the United State bank, so that they should receive annually six thousand dollars for all time to come; if they would not accept that offer, his father would hold no further treaties with them. This was Red Jacket's opportu- nity ; springing to his feet he delivered an harangue full of the grand- est eloquence, rehearsing the wrongs of the red men and declaring that they would never sell their land ; then, with dramatic action, he scattered the burning brands, stamped out the glowing embers and raked together the ashes; the council was at an end. Alas, for the consistency of human pride ! Presents were freely made to the Seneca squaws, who thereupon insisted that negotiations should be resumed, the council fire was rekindled by Cornplanter and the deed of sale was duly signed September 17, 1797. The consideration was the same that THE PURCHASE FROM THE INDIANS. 61 Morris had oftered, and nothing else appeared upon the record, but there are documents in existence which show that Cornplanter received two hundred and fifty dollars as a private annuity for the rest of his life; others, including Red Jacket, one hundred dollars in the same way, and others still smaller sums — that is to say, the influential leaders were bribed to sell their country. Upon which side falls the greater disgrace it is difficult to decide. Eleven reservations, from out of all the land, were taken, aggregating three hundred and thirty- seven square miles, some of them because they had been sold or given already, but most of them to serve as the future home of the Senecas and such others of the Six Nations as might choose to dwell among them. Of these reservations the Indian title has, since then, been extinguished in all but four — the Tuscarora, the Tonawanda, the Allegany and the Cattaraugus — on the last two of which the sur- viving Senecas are located to the number of about 2,200. The Alle- gany reservation, which is the larger of the two, lies wholly in Catta- raugus county, while the other extends through that and two other counties, the two comprising a little over 52,000 acres. The state of New York pays to the Senecas an annuity of three hundred and eighty- five dollars, besides supporting fifteen schools among them, while the United States government distributes among them every year $1 1,902 in cash, besides thirty-five hundred dollars' worth of goods. Clouds still hang close to the horizon of their territory, the heaviest of which is the claim of the Ogden Land company, the successor of the Holland. Legislation was attempted in the last Congress for the purchase of that claim, but the bill failed to become a law and the matter was referred to the secretary of the interior, who is to make a report on the subject. When this incumbrance shall have been removed, either by its purchase or by a judicial declaration of the invalidity of the claim, the Indians may, as the next step, be invested with the rights of citizenship and their lands divided among them in severalty, which ought to have been done long ago. Until it is done, any real progress toward civilisation is impossible. 62 I..\NDM.\nKS OF MONTJOE COtlNTV CHAITKR VI 11. CONNECTING LINKS. The Tory Walker — Tli.-J Cabin at the MouLli of the River— Erection of the Mills - Tran.sfer.s of Land — "Indian" Allan — His Mnrderous Career — His Plurality of Wives --His Robbery from his Children — Mary Jem ison, " the White Woman of the Gen- esee" — Her Abduction and her Captivity- -Her Change of Race — Murders of her Sons — Her Admirable Character. Before tlie time of tlie great purchase from the Indians there was no permanent white settlement in all this region or anywhere near it. A man named Walker had, it is true, lived at the present site of Summer- ville for several years after the close of the Revolutionary war. He was a loyalist who had come from Minisink, Penn., and had connected himself with Butler's Rangers, in which capacity he served as one of the opponents to Sullivan's advance in 1779. After the affair at Little lieard's Town he was detailed to go to Fort Niagara for boats to be sent to the mouth of the Genesee river to pick up the scattered Ran- gers who were fleeing from the invading army. Walker, having suc- ceeded in getting the boats, by which the loyalists were transported safely to the fort, seems to have been so well pleased with the scene of his exploit that he either remained there or returned to the spot after- ward and built a log cabin, which he occupied, leading a vagabond kind of a life, till he went to Canada in 1793. An early map of this region, printed in London, gives a little picture of the cabin at the mouth of the river, with the word " Walker's " underneath, and no other sign of civilisation on the whole shore of the lake from Oswego to Ni- agara. In a literal sense he was the first white inhabitant of Monroe county, but the term " first settler" cannot be applied properly to him, for he gave no indication of an intention to locate here permanently and he never laid claim to the ownership of the land. It will be remembered that Oliver Phelps had promised to erect a mill or mills for the Indians near the upper falls as a compensation for CONNECTING LINKFl. 63 their gift to liim of the tract of iand on the west side of the river. In pursuance of this agreement he made a contract of some kind, at the very time of his purchase or before it, with Ebenezer Allan to put up those structures. The common story has always been that all the price paid for building the two mills lay in the transfer of one hundred acres of land, on which the mills were to stand. Posterity has contin- ued to believe the tradition from that day to this, regardless of the disparity between what was given and what is alleged to have been received, for one hundred acres then and there were worth but a very few cents an acre, and Phelps could not have sold the piece for as much as Allan had to pay for the mill irons, Allan had resided in this locality, as much as he resided anywhere, for some time previous to that, and in 1789, if not before, he was living on his farm where Scotts- ville is now situated, near where the creek that was named after him empties into the Genesee. This farm contained four hundred and sev- enty-two acres, and most writers have stated that it was a gift to Allan from the Senecas. Turner, in his " Phelps and Gorham Purchase," says that three hundred acres had been derived from the Indians and that the remainder had been bought from those white speculators. This is almost as far wrong as the other assertion, as anyone might have foimd by taking the trouble to examine the records. On page 247 of book four of deeds in the Ontario county clerk's office, is the record of a deed from Oliver Phelps to Israel Chapin, who was present in an official capacity at the treaty of Rig Tree in 1797. This deed is dated September 19, 1789, and it was recorded July 8, 1796. For the consideration of i^i 145, i6s., 8d., New England cur- rency, it conveys one-half of township number one in the first range of towns on the west side of the Genesee, the whole town to contain 2,500 acres. This deed was recorded in order to make good the title con- veyed in a deed already entered on page 93 in book two in the same office, that had been recorded November 10, 1793, and which was dated September 16, 1790, so the date of what was unquestionably the second deed was made to be one year earlier than that of the first. The deed recorded in 1793 was from Israel Chapin to Ebenezer Allan, and it con- veyed, for the consideration of two hundred pounds Massachusetts cur- rency, the whole four hundred and seventy-two acres of Allan's farm. f)4 LANDMARKS OP MONROE COUNTY. which was in the northwest corner of the township. If Allan had owned three-fourths of that farm he certainly would not have bought it over again from Phelps through Chapin, and even if, as is probably the case, he had no title to any of it, he would hardly have paid so high a price as that named for what was wholly wild land when he got it. It may be remarked that, as the deed from Phelps to Chapin had been executed to validate the title of the latter, so the deed from Chapin to Allan was evidently executed to give Allan a title to what he had already sold to Peter Shefifer a year before, for this last- men- tioned deed, though not recorded till March 30, 1794, was dated No- vember 23, 1789 — the one date that is known to be genuine. Chapin forgot to change his date, as he ought to have done, and the whole transaction is marked by the usual indirection, a crooked line instead of a straight one. These details have been given to show that, in all like- lihood, the consideration for the erection of the mills was not only the piece of one hundred acres but also the Scottsville farm, nearly five times as large, and perhaps something in addition to those. On some terms or other the saw-mill was built in the summer of 1789, and the grist mill in the following November. The latter stood on the south side of the present Race street, between Aqueduct and Graves streets, the saw-mill being just south of it. Allan moved with his family into the grist mill as soon as it was finished, and lived there for one winter, after which he transferred his residence to Mt. Morris, though his family stayed for some time longer in the mill. A description of the One- hundred- acre tract, with its various changes of title, and also some mention of the successive occupants of the mills, will be given in the sketch of the city of Rochester, but a slight account of the picturesque ruffian who was really the first white settler in Monroe county may be in order in this place. hLbenezer Allan was a singular creature, almost unique in the annals of crime in that he was never punished for any of his misdeeds, but, on the contrary, lived and died with the apparent respect of his fellow- men. Murder, unprovoked and cruel, was with him a pastime, robbery was often his means of livelihood, and polygamy, if not reduced to a fine art, was the social system that he practised with a successful au- dacity that might excite the admiration of a Mormon elder. The only CONNECTING LINKS. 55 act for which he ever suffered the slightest molestation in this country was the only good thing that he ever did in his life, when he preserved the peace by carrying the wampum belt, as mentioned in a previous chapter. For this he was hunted like a partridge on the mountains, by British soldiers and by Indians, until at last he was captured and car- ried to Fort Niagara, from which he escaped, only to be again tracked to his hiding-place on the Genesee — where Mary Jemison was secret- ing him — and taken to Canada, where he was tried on some fictitious charge and acquitted. Born at some place known only to his parents, but probably in Penn- sylvania, his first appearance in history is in that state, where, in the early part of the Revolution, he took arms against his patriot neighbors and participated with the red men in their ravages on the Susquehanna. While scouting with a party of savages, according to his own story in later life, he entered, early one morning, a house where the owner was asleep in bed with his wife and child. Awakened by the noise, the man sprang to the floor to defend his family, only to be struck down by a fatal blow from Allan, who then cut off the head of his victim and threw it into the bed with his wife, after which he snatched the baby from her arms and beat out its brains by swinging it against the door- post. Coming into New York a little later he seems to have joined a band of Butler's Rangers, in which position his conspicuous ferocity rendered him an object of execration to all on the other side, but his hatred of restraint soon made him leave that corps and again associate with the Indians, no more savage than himself, among whom he had great influence and by whom he was called Genushio, the word being the same as the name of the Genesee river, on the banks of which he lived for the next twenty years. By the whites he was generally known as Indian Allan. About the time of his coming here he mar- ried a squaw, named Sally, by whom he had two children, Mary and Chloe. Before the grist mill was built, a white man named Chapman came along with his daughter Lucy, on their way to settle at Niagara, and Allan was naturally attracted by the girl, who seems to have returned his affections. It may be that Sally and her children were not living at Scottsville at that time, or they may have been sent temporarily further 56 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. lip the river ; at any rate Lucy was induced to remain with Allan, with the full consent of her fatiier, who passed on westward. A magistrate, either real or pretended, came on the scene a little later and a marriage ceremony took place, after which Sally and Lucy were brought together and a scene ensued, but harmony soon prevailed and all parties made the best of it. By Lucy, Allan had one child, a son. The triple alliance was soon enlarged. An elderly man with a beautiful young wife came to the Genesee country in the course of their travels and Allan found no difficulty in persuading them to rest for a little visit, in the course of which he took the man for a walk by the bank of the river and deliberately pushed him into the water. The man contrived to crawl out, but he died within three da\s from the effects of the shock ; his widow at once united herself with Allan and lived with him as his third wife for a year, after which she became tired and left for parts unknown. Allan, being a man of taste, was not satisfied with the two colors of red and white, but desired to add a darker hue to the matrimonial rainbow, so he married a daughter of a runaway slave, commonly called Captain Sunfish, who had settled on Tonawanda creek and by trading in cattle had acquired some property. It is not uncharitable to suppose that the husband had that in mind when he made the match, for he soon got hold of all the accumulated wealth, after which he discarded the former Miss Sunfish and kindly pensioned her father out of the negro's own money. After his last removal to Mt. Morris, Allan proceeded to set his house in order. First, he ordained that Sally should be a slave to Lucy, though he recognised the former as an equally lawful wife. Having arranged that, he married Millie McGregor (or Morilla Gregory, as the name sometimes appears), the daughter of one of the Rangers, who was then living on the Genesee flats. When Millie was taken home, Sally and Lucy, not satisfied with the situation, joined their forces and beat the new-comer so ferociously that Allan had to install her in a small cabin a short distance from the main house. By Millie he had six children. She was probably his last wife, though Mary Jemison says that " one of Morilla's sisters lived with Allan about a year after Morilla was married, and then quit him," which may mean that the family re- lations were as patriarchal as those of Jacob with Rachel and Leah. ^«rt^^^_ f ' .^3p ^ '< \ B^ r- IK^ \ ^^^^Hj^T^^T^^^^^r !T/-^" ,. *^ *^ CONNECTING LINKS. 57 This antique mode of life was interspersed with a few cold-blooded murders, which seemed to create no disorder in the social universe of which Allan was the center, such as the case in which he sent a boy to the spring for water, and, as the urchin loitered too long on the way, the director took the bucket and beat him on the head with it till he died. Allan's treatment of his children was peculiarly balanced. For the education of Lucy's son he provided by sending him to school at Phila- delphia, which seems to have been considered sufificient, for the boy was not mentioned in Allan's will. Sally's children, his Indian daughters, he sent to school at Trenton, N, J., and as an offset to that he robbed them of all their property. By deed dated July 15, 1791, the sachems of the Senecas had given to Mary and Chloe a tract of land four miles square in the vicinity of the present Mt. Morris, stating in the instru- ment that this was done on account of their love and affection for the girls, whom they considered as children and members of the Seneca nation and, as such, entitled to this portion of land. Two years later Allan took this deed, the making of which was unquestionably his own idea, down to Philadelphia and sold the whole 10,240 acres to Robert Morris for merchandise. When the treaty of Big Tree was about to be signed, in 1797, one of the girls endeavored to prevent the alienation of her land, or, if it could not be included in the reservations that were to be excepted from the transfer, to obtain some compensation for it from Thomas Morris, who conducted the purchase. Both efforts were futile, Morris taking the position that his father had bought the land once and was now paying for it again to the Indians, that he would not buy it a third time and that he should keep it. But both of the Morrises knew perfectly well that they could acquire no just title, no real right, to that land unless they bought it from the real owners, who were Allan's In- dian- daughters, and whose father had no legal authority to sell it, either by the terms of the deed to them, which is on record at the county clerk's ofifice at Canandaigua, or by any other known document. No deed from Allan to Morris was ever recorded. The treaty commis- sioners were appealed to, but they decided against the girls, who got nothing then nor on their father's death, long afterward, as he made no testamentary bequest to them. 58 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. When Allen moved to Canada, a few years later, he took only two of his wives with him, leaving Sally behind, who followed him, weeping, for some distance, till he peremptorily ordered her to go the other way, whereupon she turned and saw him no more. Millie he tried to dispose of in a more conclusive manner, for he hired two men to drown her, and they ran the boat over what was then the upper fall, near the pres- ent aqueduct, but Millie swam ashore and accompanied Allan and Lucy to Canada. There the whole white portion of the family settled at Delawaretown, without any recorded disapproval on the part of the neighbors, unless, indeed, the frequent prosecutions to which Allan was afterward subjected, on charges of which he was invariably acquitted, may be taken as an indirect form of criticism of his general conduct, (iovernor Simcoe gave him three thousand acres of public land in con- sideration of his building a church, a saw- mill and a grist mill, the mills to be his own property. On that estate he lived till 1814, when he died, compensating Millie for his attempt to murder her by bequeath- ing all his worldly possessions to her and her six children, while he left his other white wife, Lucy, penniless, to rejoin her kindred on the Ohio river. In rehearsing the life of this powerful criminal, who always lived outside the law, the story of his misdeeds may sound like a romance, but, without regard to the legends that cluster around his name, all the incidents above set down are well attested and most of them are alluded to in the narrative, told by herself and written by another, of Mary Jemison, "the white woman of the Genesee," This remarkable person deserves more than a passing mention. Hav- ing been born on the ocean in 1742 or 1743, while her parents were miLjrating to this country, she lived, for most of her childhood, at a frontier settlement in Pennsylvania. When she was twelve years old the house was surrounded one day by French and Indians, and all the occupants were killed or carried off, except the two elder brothers of Mary Jemison, who escaped. All the rest of the family — father, mother, two younger brothers and sister — were murdered by the sav- ages on the second day of the flight, and the little child had to witness the cleaning and dressing of the scalps of those who were dear to her. Mary was taken to a small Seneca town on the Ohio river, where she was formally adopted into the tribe, receiving the name Deh-he-wa- CONNECTING LINKK • o!) mis, or, more correctly, Deh-ge-wa-nus— meaning "the two falling voices." On reaching maturity she was married to Sheniniee, a Dela- ware, whom she always alluded to in terms of deep affection and by whom she had two children, the last a boy, v/hom she called after her father, Thomas Jemison. A little later they all moved to the Genesee country, and there Mary, after the death of Sheninjee, married again, this time a Seneca chief, named Hiokatoo. He was a man noted for his cruelty, which was his ruling passion even in boyhood, when he used to torture the prisoners to the limit of their endurance, and never, as he boasted in later life, did he know what it was to feel pity over the sufferings of his victims or remorse over the torments that he inflicted. In 1782, when the Revolutionary war had closed, though the treaty of peace was not signed, he was engaged with a party of savages that laid waste the hamlets on the Pennsylvania frontier and that, having taken prisoner Colonel Crawford, one of Washington's most intimate friends, scorched him slowly to death. Mary, in her narrative, makes no at- tempt to palliate the demoniac deeds of this monster, whose hands were always reeking with the blood of her own race and who had probably killed more infants than any other man in America, but she turns from that recital to dwell upon his attitude toward her, for she says that dur- ing the nearly fifty years that she lived with him he treated her uniformly with tenderness and with all the kindness and attention that were due to her as his wife. By Hiokatoo, who died in 181 1, one hundred and three years old, Mary Jemison had six children, all of whom, in strict accordance with the Indian laws of descent, were called by her family name, for they were considered as Senecas, not at all because their father was of that nation but because their mother had been adopted into it. Strong drink, always the foe of the red men, was particularly destructive to this family. The oldest of Hiokatoo's sons, John Jemison, killed his half-brother, Thomas, in a drunken quarrel, then he murdered his own brother, Jesse, and finally he himself was killed by two other Indians, leaving Mary, in her old age, without a son to lean upon. John's as- sassins fled, but afterward returned and sent to Mary a wampum belt, knowing that her acceptance of it would be a token of forgiveness. The heart-broken mother declined to receive the symbol of blood- CO Landmarks of monroe cotJNTY atonement, but told tlie messenger that she would never demand the lives of the culprits. There seems to have been no thought of punishing them in the white courts, though the country was pretty well settled by that time, but they could not bear the opprobrium that fastened upon them, so one left this region and the other committed suicide. These events occurred, not while the Jemisons were young, but after they had large families, the members of which did not inherit the vices of their fathers. One of Mary's grandchildren, a son of Thomas, after two years at Dartmouth college, became an assistant surgeon in the United States navy and died on board his vessel, with the respect of all his fellow- officers. At the treaty of Big Tree Mary Jemison, who had long been promised a deed of land as her own, was given a large tract, containing seventeen thousand, nine hundred and twenty-seven acres, or about twenty-eight square miles, on both sides of the Genesee, near the pres- ent site of Genesco. This was among the reservations excepted from the sale to Robert Morris, and it was known, till its first partition, as the Gardeau reservation. In the same cabin that she had built on the Gardeau flats in 1780, seventeen years before they became her property, Mary continued to live till 1831, when she sold out the last piece of her property and removed to the Seneca reservation then on Buffalo creek, where she died in 1833, about ninety-one years old, having been con- verted from paganism to Christianity some two months before her death. Mary Jemison's life presents many interesting features, both as repre- sentative and as peculiar to herself. No instance can be found of a more complete change from one race to another. Having learned to read in her early childhood, that acquirement passed away from her soon after her entrance into captivity, and she never regained it. Although she strove to keep alive the knowledge of the English language by the daily repetition of the catechism that her mother had taught to her, that, too, gradually faded out of her mind, and it was with difficulty that she re- covered enough of it to act as interpreter or to hold converse with the white people who filled the fertile valley that was so long her home. For some time after she was carried off, a wave of longing to return to her own race would occasionally pass over her, but her feelings became Connecting links. ci constantly more closely conformed to her surroundings. Not only did she never attempt to escape but she carefully avoided all efforts toward her recovery. When the Revolutionary war had ended and the gov- ernment had offered a bounty for the restoration of all captives held by the Indians, one of the principal Seneca chiefs had arranged with some men to have Mary taken back, by force if necessary, but she steadfastly refused to go, even hiding away to avoid the dreaded emancipation, while her Indian brother, between whom and herself there was always the tenderest affection, stood ready to kill her, witii her full cojisent, if that should prove the only way to prevent her return. Even in her old age, when, the last of her sons having been murdered, she had no one to lean upon, she was urged to resume the status of her birthright and go back to the white people, among whom her position would be in- fluential by reason of her large estate, but she would not heed the ad- vice. Born an Anglo-Saxon, she had become an Iroquois, and .so clearly was this fact estabh'shed and recognised that when she wished to sell a portion of her land a special act of the New York legislature was passed, in 1817, to confer' naturalisation upon her before the deed of conveyance could be signed and recorded. Many people have been attracted by the freedom of savage life, and have abandoned civilisation therefor, but in most cases the change has been marked by a degradation that caused them to sink below the level of their associates. With Mary Jemison it was not so. She \v^s always the friend of the white man, always the provider for the needy, always the meditator for the suffering and the oppressed. Many an execution did she witness, for witchcraft and other offenses, many a scene of fiendish torture did she behold, but, when it was possible, she interposed to prevent the worst atrocities. Her voice was often raised on the side of mercy, never on that of cruelty, and, though she some- times implored in vain, more than one life was saved by her entreaties. Her hospitality was absolutely unbounded, her integrity was never questioned, her character was above reproach. Two figures will always stand conspicuous upon the threshold of modern life in this valley, link- ing the passing with the coming race — Indian Allan and the White Woman of the Genesee. 02 tANDMAPJCS OF MONROE COtTNTY. CHAPTER IX. SETTLEMENT OK THE WEIITES. The Twenty-Thousand Acre Tract — The Deed to Robert Morris — Settlement of the Lusks — Settlement of the Shefiers — Visit of Chateaubriand — Of Rochefoucault-Lian- court— Of Other Frenchmen — Settlement of William Hencher — Gideon King and Zadock Granger — King's Landing — Hanford's Landing- -Town Meetings, Schools and Churches — Roads and the Mail Service — Tryon Town — Caslleton — Carthage— The Great Bridge— The War of 1812— Defense of Charlotte. Some time in 1789 Oliver Phelps opened an office at Canandaigua for the disposal of his new territor}-, and that was the first land office ever opened in the United States for the sale of forest lands to actual settlers. The first recorded deed of the soil in Monroe county, as transcribed in in the books of our county clerk's office from those in Ontario county, was dated and recorded on the i6th day of September, 1790. It con- veys from Joseph Smith to James Latta, for the consideration of one hundred and seventy-five dollars, a part of township number two in the " short range," one boundary line being the lake shore, another the Genesee river — that is to say, it comprised the present village of Char- lotte. The phraseology of the document is very loose, the area of the piece sold being not stated in miles or in acres and the only approach thereto being found in the words " one-fourth part of tract of land granted to me, it being one-eighth of township two," etc., so that it is wholly uncertain whether it was a quarter or an eighth or a thirty- second part of the township. Inasmuch as the deed states that Smith's title rests on a conveyance to him and Horatio Jones from Oliver Phelps, and as this deed to Latta was ordered to be placed on record by Phelps himself, as judge of the court of Common Pleas of Ontario county, it may have been considered unnecessary to precede its record by a deed, if there ever was one, from Oliver Phelps. A month later, on November 17, a deed, dated November 8, was recorded from Phelps and Gorham to Ebenezer Hunt, Robert Breck, Ouartus Pomeroy, SETTLEMENT OF THE WHITES. 63 Samuel Henshaw, Samuel Hinckley, Moses Kingsley and Justin Ely. The deed conveyed, for the consideration of six hundred pounds, twenty thousand and one hundred acres, less the one hundred previously given to Ebenezer Allan and which was expressly reserved in this instrument. With this exception the " Twenty-thousand acre tract," as it has always been called, embraces most of the west half of Rochester and of Gates, with a small part of Greece. Starting from a point on the river bank, between the Holy Sepulchre and Riverside cemeteries, the line runs due west about seven miles, thence south about five miles along the western boundary of the towns named, thence east to the river, striking it a little north of Clarissa street bridge and following the stream for the eastern boundary of the tract. On the following day the deed to Robert Morris was recorded, and it is remarkable that in that document — the original of which is preserved at Bath — the words " C, number one " should have been written over a manifest erasure, while the words " twenty- four thousand and thirty acres," which are applicable to another township, are allowed to stand. From this, and from the fact that on the map of Maxwell's survey the purchase of Hunt and others is given as that of township number two in range A, which is the larger piece, it is apparent that a change of lots was made at the last moment and that it was not thought worth while to go to the trouble of writing a new and correct deed for Morris. Such blemishes and inaccuracies in an instrument so important would be almost impossible as coming from any other source; in this case they are only characteristic. Permanent settlements began in Monroe county on both sides of the river in the same year. The fifth sale of Phelps and Gorham was to Caleb Hyde and others, of Lenox, Mass. Of this land fifteen hundred acres, near the head of Irondequoit bay, was set off for John Lusk, though there is a doubt as to how he obtained his title, some saying that he got it direct, as one of the original grantees of Phelps, while the statement is made otherwise, with a degree of particularity, that he bought that fifteen hundred acres from the Indians, and that then, find- ing that his title was imperfect, he bought one thousand acres over again, paying twenty-five cents an acre for it. There may have been some double dealing about it. John Lusk certainly came to this region 64 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. in the summer of 1 789, with his son Stephen, fifteen years old, and a hired man, crossing Cayuga lake on a raft and swimming their cattle behind them. Arrived at their destination, they camped at once, made a clearing, built a log cabin and sowed twelve acres with wheat, which they obtained from Ebenezer Allan, on the other side of the river. To establish communication with his place they cut a road through the woods to the mouth of Red creek, to which point the wheat was carried in a canoe. Attracted, by the novelty of these proceedings, Indians often called at the farm, having come across the lake from Canada and passed up the bay, on their way to Canandaigua to get their annuities. Far more unpleasant visitors were the fever and ague, which prostrated the new settlers for several weeks, when, on their recovery in the au- tumn, they went back to Massachusetts, only to return in the following spring, when John Lusk brought his whole family with him, coming all the way from Schenectady by water. If the Lusks were the pioneers of Monroe county on the east side — with the insignificant exception of the tory Walker — so the Shefiers, who were close upon their heels, were the forerunners of the west side, with the exception of the erratic and fleeting Indian Allan. Peter Shefter, then more than eighty years old, came here from Lancaster, Penn., with his two sons, Peter and Jacob, some time in 1789, it is not known in what month, but probably in the fall, for his deed from Allan was, as previously stated, dated November 23. Allan's farm was by far the most attractive piece of land in the country at that time, most of the soil being cleared of its forest trees and nearly sixty acres of it put under cultivation, besides which there was a comfortable log cabin standing upon it. With all these improvements, Allan sold the farm for two dollars and a half an acre, or eleven hundred and seventy dol- lars, using a part of the money to put u|) the grist mill at the falls, which would not have been completed otherwise. The beginnings of so many things are connected with the Sheffer family that it may be well to mention some of them here, even at the risk of repetition in another part of this volume. In 1790 Peter Sheffer, junior, married Elizabeth Schoonhover, the daughter of a family that came in the spring of that year to Dugan's creek, a little south of Scottsville ; on the 20th of January, 1793, their first child, Nancy, afterward the wife of (>W^^-^/^ ^^-t^^ SETTLEMENT OF THE WHITES. 65 • Philip Garbutt, was born; in 1795 Jacob Sheffer, one of the pioneers, died. Those were the first events, each of its own kind,i that occurred among the white settlers, in what is now Monroe county, or anywhere west of the Genesee river. The first frame dwelling-house in all that region was put up by the younger Peter Shefier in 1797, the lumber being obtained from Allan's saw- mill, the nails and other iron used in the con- struction being brought from Geneva. Turning aside for a moment from the active industry of the early settlers, it may be interesting to note what was thought and said and written about the new country by travelers whose curiosity led them to visit the great West in much the same spirit as that which impels explorers of this day to visit the recesses of the African forests. As we owe to the intelligence of the Frenchman Charlevoix our first descrip- tion of this region, so we turn to a distinguished compatriot of his for another sketch of the same locality, when the occupants seen by the former writer were about to be succeeded by those of another race. In 1790 Chateaubriand, poet, philosopher and statesman, came over here from France and passed through this part of the state, on his way to Niagara falls, coming from Albany as directly as possible. Here is what he says about it, in his " Voyage en Ameriqtie : " " The American population is now making toward the concessions of the Genesee. The government sells these concessions more or less dear, according to the excellence of the soil, the quality of the timber and the course and number of the streams. Tbe abodes within the 'clearings' here offer a curious mixture of wildnessand civilisation. Within the recesses of a forest that had previously heard only the yells of savages and the noise of wild beasts we often come across a patch of cultivated land and perceive at the same time the cabin of an Indian and the habitation of a white man. Some of these finished homes in the woods recall the tidiness of English or Dutch farmhouses ; others, half completed, have but the dome formed by the standing forest trees for a roof. I was received m some of these habitations and found often a charming family, with the comforts and refinements of Europe and all this within a few steps of an Iro- quois hut. One day, after traveling some hours without finding a trace of habitation, I perceived the signboard of a tavern hanging from the trunk of a tree on the side of the road. Hunters, farmers and Indians meet together at these caravansaries, but the first time I reposed in one of them I asseverated solemnly that it would be the last. Enter- ing, I stood stupefied at the aspect of an immense bed constructed around a stake ; 'The only qualification of this recital is with regard to the first birth. The statement has been made that Alfred, son of Simon Stone, was born on the east side of the river, in 1792, but the month has not been given and there may be a mistake as to the year. ' 9 GG LANDMARKS OF iMONROE COI'NTY. each traveler took his place in this bed, with his feet toward the center stake, and his head toward the circumference of a circle, in such a manner that the sleepers were ranged symmetrically, like the spokes of a wheel or the sticks of a fan. After some hesitancy I introduced myself into this machine, and was falling asleep when I was rudely awakened by the snoring of my grand diuhle of a Dutch guide, who was ex- tended fast asleep at my side, I never felt greater horror in my life. I threw myself out of my bunk, cursing cordially the usages of the first settlers, and went to sleep in my raanteau under the light of the moon." Three years later another Frenchman, still more celebrated, the Mar- quis de Talleyrand, was in this vicinity, stopping for some time at Mt. Morris, and after his return home he read before the PVench Institute, in 1797, a paper describing his adventures in this country, but no record of that document seems to have been preserved.' Still another tourist of that vivacious race, self- exiled, like the others, by the dangers that enshrouded all the aristocracy, was here about that time. The Duke de la Rochefoucault-Liancourt, in his "Travels through the United States of North America, the Country of the Iroquois and Upper Can- ada," gives a minute account of everything that he saw over here. He alludes to Charles Williamson's complete authority over all the vast tract of the Pulteney estate, speaks with admiration of the enterprise that he had displayed in building roads erecting mills and clearing woodlands, and contrasts his glorious career with that of a dissipated courtier or a mercenary stock-jobber. Starting from Bath in June, 1795, the duke traveled this way on horseback through Canandaigua — or Canandarqua, as he calls it — where the following incident occurred : " A party of Indians came to demand justice upon an American soldier, who had murdered two Indians from motives of jealousy and revenge. The business, however, was hushed up by the payment of two hundred dollars for each Indian, which is the settled price of compensation in such cases, and the soldier remained at Uberty. Not so, however, when an Indian murders a white man ; in this case the assassin is delivered up to the Americans and hanged. And thus it is that a people which makes its boast of honesty, justice and equality can connive at the most llagrant perversion of justice, to the eternal disgrace of both the executors and its victims. The treatment of the Indians and the servitude of the negroes have branded the fair face of American freedom with an odious stigma, which the government should strain every nerve to efface." Passing on to the Genesee river, the duke notes on the way the sur- ' I have caused a thorough search to be made for that paper among the archives of the great national library in Paris, but it could not be found there. The reports of proceedings of the Institute for the troublous decade that closed the century are very defective. SeI^TLEMENT of the whites. 67 prising fertility of the soil and the venom of the mosquitoes, but he is more interested in observing the manner and mode of living of the new inhabitants, of which he remarks as follows : '* The dwellings of the new settlers are commonly at first set up in a very slight man- ner ; they consist of huts, the roofs and walls of which are made of bark, and in which the husband, wife and children pass the winter, wrapped up in blankets. They also frequently construct houses of trees laid upon each other, the interstices of which are either filled up with loam or left open, according as there is more or less time to fill them up. In such buildings as have attained to some degree of perfection there is a chimney of brick or clay, but very often there is only an aperture in the roof to let out the smoke, and the fire is replenished with the trunks of trees. At a little distance from the house stands a small oven, built sometimes of brick, but more frequently of clay. Salt pork and beef are the usual food of the new settlers; their drink is water and whiskey, but there are few families unprovided with coffee and chocolate." The land on both sides of the river filled up less rapidly than had been anticipated. Still, the stream was steady, if not swift, and into the new region families kept moving, preceded, in most cases, by a father or an elder son, who would make a clearing and then return east for the other members of the household. When the Lusks came back in 1790 they brought with them Enos Stone, whose brother Orange came here a few weeks later and settled in what is now Brighton, near the "big rock and tree," that still remain on East avenue, the only landmark now in the county that is directly connected with Indian councils, some of which are known to have been held at that spot. There Mrs. Stone entertained, in 1797, the Duke of Orleans — afterward King Louis Philippe — and his brothers, the Duke of Montpensier and Count Beaujolais, who were escorted hither from Canandaigua by Thomas Morris, to see the falls of the Genesee. Later in 1790 two other Stone brothers, Israel and Simon, no relation to the pair first mentioned, settled in what is now Pittsford, and with them several others, whose names will, no doubt, be given in the sketches of the several towns. On the west side of the river the first settler after the Sheffer family was William Hencher, who was a refugee from Massachusetts, where he had participated in Shay's rebellion. In August, 1 791, he came here from the east, stopping at the mouth of the river a while with the tory Walker, then crossing the Genesee and keeping on to Long pond, where he build a hut, the first white habitation on the shore of the lake between 6s Landmarks of monroe county. tlie Genesee and the Niagara. This he occupied with his family in the following year, feeling no security in that advanced outpost of civilisa- tion till Wayne's victory on the Miami river, in 1794, crushed the spirit of the savages. From that conflict the Senecas, who had gone westward to participate in the struggle, came back to this state in a humble frame of mind ; if the battle had gone the other way many of these frontier settlements would have been extinguished in blood and fire. That peril having passed, Henchcr found that his next danger of destruction lay in the rattlesnakes, which infested the country in surprising numbers, and it was not till he abated that nuisance that he feft justified in pay- ing for his six hundred acres of land a second time, his first title having proved defective, a circumstance by no means unique, as it seems. Oliver Phelps, having, in some way, got back one- half of the Twenty- thousand-acre tract, which he had sold to Hunt and others in 1790, in- terested his townspeople of Sufheld, Conn., in his western speculations, and some of them determined to become actual settlers in the new country.. In 1796 Gideon King, Zadock Granger and others, of the old town, migrated to this wilderness and made a careful examination of the river on both sides, from Allan's mills to the mouth of the Genesee. The beauty of the .scenery induced them to purchase land and make a location on the river bank, on the west side, about four miles south of the lake, at a spot where the depth of water would allow the passage of boats and where there was a smooth plateau, only slightly above the surface of the river and sheltered from the west winds by the high bluff in its rear, while a natural declivity close by invited the construction of a road to the upper level. In other words, it seemed the one spot on the river adapted for a permanent landing for lake vessels when trade and commerce should be drawn to the Genesee by the growth of pop- ulation. Three thousand acres at this spot were conveyed to King, and as much more to Granger, and then they returned to Connecticut, but their sons came on, with their families, at the end of the year. Although it was the dead of winter, the new comers built at once several log houses on the high bank, getting the lumber for the roofs and the floor- ing from Allan's mill, three miles away. In the spring of 1797 Gideon King returned to his new home, built a large house for himself and his family on the road leading from the present Lake avenue to the land- SETTLEMENT OF THE WHITES, G9 ing, graded the steep roadway down the bank of the river, began the construction of a dock upon the lower plateau and died in the following year. Upon the monument, erected in 1830 and still standing over his remains in the old burying- ground near the site of his home, are these words: "The Genesee fever was mortal to most heads of families in 1798, and prevented further settlements until about 1815." This little hamlet, the dock below and the cluster of families on the bank above, was generally known as King's Landing till 1809, when, the original settlers having moved to other localities, the seven Hanford brothers came here from Rome, in this state, bought a part of the land, erected the Steamboat Hotel, which for many years was one of the best-known stopping-places on the line of travel along the Ridge road, and extended the facilities of the dock by the construction of ware- houses, so that the place, which now exists only in memory, became known as Hanford's Landing. In those early days it stood apart from its nearest neighbors, as may be judged from the following statement from the journal of John Maude, an observant Englishman, who came through this part of the country in 1800 and stopped at Allan's mills : "As Colonel Fish, the miller, had not those accommodations which I expected, not even a stable, T was obliged to proceed to Mr. King's at the Genesee landing, where I got a good breakfast on wild pigeons, etc. Mr. King is the only respectable settler in this township, in which there are at present twelve families, four of them at the landing. Further improvements are much checked, in consequence of the titles to tlie lands here being in dispute. Mr. Phelps sold three thousand acres in this neighborhood to \lr. Granger for ten thousand dollars, secured by mortgage on the land. Granger died soon after his removal here, and, having sold part of the land, the residue would not clear the mortgage, which prevented his heirs administering the estate. Phelps foreclosed the mortgage and entered on possession, even on that part which had been sold and improved. Some settlers, in consequence, quitted their farms, others repaid the pur- chase money, and others are endeavoring to make some accommodation with Mr. Phelps." The town meeting was imported here from New England. In 1789 all the eastern part of what is now Monroe county, except the present towns of Rush and Mendon, was organised into the district of North- field. In 1794 the same territory, without change of name, was made a town, and a school was established in the present Pittsford ; in 1796 the first town meeting was held there, at which Silas Nye was chosen supervisor and John Ray town clerk. The west side of the river was 70 • Landmarks of monroe county. not far behind in this matter. All the state of New York between the Genesee and Lake Erie was made, at an early day, into the town of Northampton — so called because six of the seven grantees of the .Twenty-tiiOLisand-acre tract lived at Northampton, Mass., the seventh, Justin Ely, residing at Springfield, in that state — and on April 4, 1797, the first town meeting was held at the house of Peter Shefter, at wliich Josiah Fish was elected supervisor and Kli Granger town clerk. Thus the nominal extent of the town was greater than that of many indepen- dent sovereignties in the old world, and the actual jurisdiction of its officers was by no means confined to the limited area of the Genesee valley, for the town records of 1802 show that one of the pathmasters was stationed at Buffalo, another at Niagara Falls, another at LeRoy. In that year the contraction of the territorial scope of the town began, when the legislature, by an act passed March 30, constituted the whole region Genesee county and divided Northampton into four towns, one of which, under the name of Batavia, took in the whole of the Hol- land Purchase. As different village communities sprang up in various sections other townships were stricken off from it, so that by 1808 it had shrunk within the limits of what is now Monroe county. The first voting west of the Genesee, at any general election, was in 1800, when Thomas Morris was elected member of Congress from this district, which then comprised almost half of the state; Lemuel Chipman and Nathaniel Norton were chosen members of Assembly for a district al- most equally large. I^ducation was not neglected in the new settlements, and the school- house came before the church. The first school was, unquestionably, located in the present village of Pittsford, the commercial center of Northfield, and it was taught by Mr. Burrows in 1794. A school- house was built at Irondequoit landing in i8o2, and in 1804 little classes were taught by Miss Willey in the present town of Ogden, that being, probably, the first academical instruction on the west side. It is more difficult to determine the time of the erection of the first church, or the formation of the first congregation, in Monroe county. At Pittsford a missionary from Virginia preached at some time toward the close of the last century, and in 1799 a log house was built, which served as a town hall and a place of worship, the Rev. J. H. Hotchkin preaching there SETTLEMENT OF THE WHITES. 71 for six Sundays two years later. In 1809 a Congregational church was organised there, under the Rev. Samuel Allen. On the west side there was a great deal of preaching by the circuit-riders of the Methodist denomination, George W. Willey's log house, in Ogden, being used generally for their ministrations, and one of them, the Rev. Ebenezer Everett, became the first settled minister in that neighborhood. The roads in this part of the country were not made, in every case, at once, but often were merely Indian trails, widened in some places, leveled a little, here and there, in some spots and filled up in others. One of the very earliest, on the west side, went from King's Landing, ascending the bank and keeping near the edge till it got to Deep Hol- low, when it turned, wound around the bend of that creek and con- tinued in a southwesterly course to the Sheffer settlement. The next, perhaps, was from the landing a mile south of King's and just below the lower falls to the landing-place at the rapids. This was soon ex- tended on the north to the mouth of the river, making the present Lake avenue, and a little later on the south to Avon, for the purpose of in- tersecting the road from the east that crossed the river there on its way to Niagara. Possibly constructed before that road was one from Brad- dock's bay to the high falls, and at that point it met, though without any connecting bridge, the old road which, some time before 1798 (be- cause it is on a map of that date) came from Canandaigua. It was by the first mentioned road, with its branches, that the firgt mail service was maintained in the county, when Dr. Levi Ward, in the early part of 1812, obtained a contract to transport the mails once a week from Caledonia to Charlotte, which had been settled a few years before that and received its name from the daughter of Robert Troup, the agent of the Pulteney estate. Later in the same year a route from Canandaigua was established, the mail being brought on horseback and a part of the time by a woman. The service was only once a week till 181 5, when Samuel Hildreth, of Pittsford, began running a stage and carrying the mail twice a week. In the following year the four- horse coach carried the same mails every alternate secular day, and by 1821 there was a daily service, not only to Canandaigua on the east but to Lewiston on the west, beyond which post- riders were employed by the department. The first public conveyance in the county was drawn by 72 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. an ox-team, driven by Gideon Cobb, who, in I 814, opened this means of transportation for passengers and frei<^ht between Rochester and the mouth of the river. In 1813 the legislature granted $5,000 for bridg- ing the streams and clearing the path on the Ridge road between Roch- ester and Lewiston ; the Buffalo road was surveyed and laid out as far as Batavia in 1816. No one doubted in those early days that at some time in the future there would be some large city in this locality, but just where it would be was a matter of doubt, and the various experiments based on differ- ences of opinion were productive of disaster. At first the dominant belief was in favor of a spot on Irondequoit creek, three miles above the bay, where Judge Tryon, of Lebanon Springs, built in 1799 the first store in the county, goods being brought to it from Schenectady. A tavern was soon afterward opened by Asa Dayton, a tannery was erected, and a local court was established, independent of any higher judicial authority. Things went well for a few years, but the tide of shipping flowed to the river and away from Irondequoit bay, and by 1818, when the storehouse was demolished, "Tryon Town," for which so much was hoped, had become a thing of the past. Castleton, or " Castle Town," named after Isaac Castle, who had a tavern there, was the next venture. It was located on the west side of the river, near the rapids, at the foot of navigation on the upper Genesee and at the head of the portage from the navigable water below the lower falls. This advantageous position induced the belief that the future metropolis might have its center there, but the vision was dispelled when the village at the falls began to grow. Then came Hanford's Landing, mentioned above, and the arguments for its appreciation were the counterparts of those in favor of Castleton, while the reason for its swift decay was pre- cisely the same. More durable than any of these, and succeeding all of them, was Carthage, on the east bank of the river, and its proximity to the lower falls, with the mill power thus granted, was supposed to settle its claims as against all competitors below, while its comparative nearness to the Ridge road, which had then become a highway of travel, was considered to give it pre-eminence over Rochester. To span the river at this point a remarkable wooden bridge was built in 1819, which excited justly the SETTLEMENT OF THE WHITES. 73 admiration of all who saw it. It consisted of a single arch, the chord of which was over three hundred and fifty-two feet, the entire length of the bridge resting upon this being seven hundred and eighteen feet in length and thirty in width and the roadway being one hundred and ninety-six feet above the surface of the water. Its span was longer than that of any other bridge in the world at the time, and, though it was built in less than nine months, its strength had been so carefully tested that it was expected to last for ages, but there was fault in its construction, for in a year and three months it was destroyed by the springing upward of the arch. It was succeeded immediately by a bridge built on piers a little further down the river, and that by still another, which stood till 1835. In 1856 a suspension bridge, held by wire cables, was erected on the site of the first, but it fell in seven months after its completion, carried down by the weight of snow upon it. The present bridge will be described elsewhere. A year after the fall of the first bridge the establishment of the county court at Roches- ter settled the question of predominance, and Carthage was content to be absorbed within the larger community. An incident occurred during the second war with Great Britain which produced much excitement at the time, and has been made the subject of numerous descriptions in prose and verse and dramatic representa- tions from that day to this. At different times during 18 13 the British fleet on Lake Ontario, under the command of Sir James Yeo, had been cruising off the mouth of the river, and in June of that year a small party had landed from the vessels and had seized some provisions at Charlotte. No resistance was made and everything was done quietly, but some fear was created lest the next visit of the enemy should be of a more formal charaeter, and include a devastating march into the interior. A part of a militia regiment from the eastern district marched down there shortly after that, but it does not seem to have stayed long, and the alarm subsided. It was renewed, however, the next year, and the precautions for defense were taken none too soon. The commander of the forces in this part of the state was General Peter B. Porter, and by his direction a company of dragoons was raised and placed under the command of Isaac W. Stone as captain. The enlist- ment was not large, for only fifty men were obtained in the villages of 10 74 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Rochester and Brighton, but eiitliusiasm seems to have been considered a substitute for numerical strength, as Captain Stone was raised to the rank of major, Francis Brown and EHsha Ely being chosen captains. Marching to Charlotte they found already there a company from Gates and Greece, under Captain Rowe, while a part of a regiment under Colonel Atkinson came in shortly afterward. They had not long to wait, for within a day or two the British fleet appeared and cast anchor, a boat was sent ashore with a flag of truce, and a demand was made upon the volunteers for a surrender of all provisions and military stores, with the promise to spare the settlements from destruction if this were done. "Will you comply with this offer?" said the British officer to Captain Brown, who had been deputed with a guard to receive the flag of truce. " Blood knee deep first," was the sanguinary reply. That is the story as it is told by some writers, with ornamental par- ticulars, and of course it has always been generally accepted, as pleasing to local pride and taste. But other authorities say that it was Major Stone (not Captain Brown), who made the more moderate and sensible reply, that the public property was in the hands of those who would defend it. General Porter, who arrived on the following day and took command, made a similar response to a second demand. Convinced that nothing could be obtained without fighting for it, Admiral Yeo raised his anchors and sailed away, firing, before he left, a few heavy balls that fell harmless on the shore. Why he should have retired with- out making an invasion is quite uncertain, for he had with him a force that could have overpowered, easily, the volunteers who were opposed to it. He may have been deceived into thinking that the number of the defenders was greater than it really was, or he may have thought that the plunder was not worth fighting for. That was the last alarm of the war, in this region, and the next struggle of our people was of a more peaceful character. FORMATION OF THE COUNTY CHAPTER X. FORMATION OF THE COUNTY. Original Counties of the State — The Evolution of Monroe — Straggle Over its Form- ation — First Board of Supervisors — Derivation of the Towns — The First Court House — Population of the County — The County Treasurers — Representatives in Congress — State Senators — Collectors of the Port. New York had originally twelve counties, which were erected in 1683, to take the place of the three " ridings," as they were called. The counties were Albany, Cornwall, Dukes, Dutchess, Kings, New York, Orange, Queens, Richmond, Suft'olk, Ulster and Westchester. Corn- wall, which embraced the present state of Maine east of the Kennebec, and Dukes, which consisted of the islands off the Massachusetts coast, were detached by King William's charter of 1691. Of the remaining ten, Albany was by far the largest, so large, in fact, that four additional counties were carved of it — Cumberland in 1766, Gloucester in 1770, Charlotte 1 and Tryon in 1772, making fourteen at the time of the Rev- olution. The severity againtst the patriots exercised by Governor Tryon, the last of the royalist rulers of the province, caused his name to be so detested that the title of the county which was called after him was changed to Montgomery in 1784. Beyond the western limit of this county lay the Indian territory, the debatable land, but, when the Hartford commissioners, at the close of 1786, gave the sovereignty over that region to New York, the western confine of Montgomery expanded to the Niagara river. In 1789 the whole of the original Phelps and Gorham Purchase — that is, all of the state west of the pre-emption line — was formed into Ontario county ; in 1796 the southern half of Ontario was made into Steuben, and in 1802 the county of Genesee was taken I These three names, as well as Tryon, have become extinct as county titles, the appellation of Charlotte being changed to Washington in 1784, and a portion of that county, together with all of Cumberland and Gloucester, going to form the state of Vermont in tygfi. 7C LANDMARKS Of MONHOE COUNTY from those two, embracing all of the state west of the Genesee river and a hne drawn south from the moutii of the Canaf^eraga creek. As the settlements on the river and for a dozen miles on each side of it increased in population and in prosperity, it was felt to be a great hardship that the inliabitants should be without the facilities for trans- acting business that are provided by the presence of county officers and of permanent courts of justice. Canandaigua, on one side, and Batavia on the other, were each some twenty-five miles away from this imme- diate region, and in those days, when travel was slow at its best and precarious at its worst, the injustice of having to journey all that dis- tance to record a deed, to pay taxes or to attend court was manifest to those interested. By i8i6 the desirability of the erection of a new county became so great that in Rochester, small as it was and not even a village then, a subscription of nearly seven thousand dollars was raised to secure that result, and a petition to that end was signed by all the prominent citizens, not only in Rochester but in the adjacent towns and villages. Sufficient opposition of a selfish character was evoked, how- ever, to nullify the efforts of Colonel Nathaniel Rochester and Dr. Mat- thew Brown, junior, who went down to Albany to lay the matter before the legislature in 1817. Little was done in the following year, but in the spring of 18 19 another committee went to the capital, only to meet defeat again, the opposing political parties of Clintonians and Anti- Clintonians being so nearly balanced that each was fearful of giving some advantage to the other side by the addition of new members of the legislature. Hope deferred only increased the determination to succeed, and all through the rest of that year meetings were held to stimulate enthusi- asm and to gather facts that should be convincing to the law-makers, the interest culminating in a convention of delegates from all the towns concerned that met at Ensworth's tavern in Rochester on the 2d of December. A committee then appointed went to Albany in January, 1820, carrying a petition showing the shipments by the warehouses on the Genesee and stating that the proposed limits of the county em- braced between twenty-five and thirty thousand persons " and a very flourishing village of upward of fifteen hundred inhabitants doing much more business than any other in the state west of Utica." Another Formation of the county. 77 failure ensued, politics again being largely answerable for the dismal result and the Assembly voting to defer the matter to the next legisla- ture. The members of that body were to choose the presidential electors, so the party leaders were unwilling to complicate matters by introducing factors on which they could not reckon with some degree of certainty. The final attempt, for which the most careful preparations were made, succeeded. Nathaniel Rochester and Elisha B. Strong were the agents who went to Albany this time, and the petition was presented first to the Senate, which gave a unanimous vote in favor of the bill. In the Assembly the struggle was very bitter, for, though a majority of the members were in favor of it from the beginning, the principal oppo- nents of the measure resorted to every parliamentary trick and device to prevent the inevitable result. John C. Spencer, then one of the members from Ontario, and Samuel M. Hopkins, from Genesee, disre- garding every principle of right and anxious only to preserve the rela- tive importance of the two little villages of Canandaigua and Batavia, in which they lived, made themselves conspicuous by their frantic resistance. In spite of them the bill was passed by a vote of 73 to 27 and became a law on the 23d of February, 1821. The new county, which was named after James Monroe, then president of the United States, contained about six hundred and seventy five square miles or four hundred and thirty thousand acres. Its dimensions have not beeii changed since then. When the first board of supervisors met on the 8th of May, 1821, there were fourteen towns in Monroe county, represented in the board as follows, Rochester being then and for thirteen years afterward in the two towns of Brighton and Gates : Brighton, Ezekiel Morse ; Clarkson, Aretas Haskell; Gates, Matthew Brown, junior; Henrietta, Elijah Lit- tle ; Mendon, James Smith ; Ogden, James Baldwin ; Parma, Gibbons Jewett; Penfield, Henry Fellows ; Perinton, Reuben VVilley ; Pittsford, Simon Stone, second; Riga, Joseph Sibley; Rush, Peter Price ; Swe- den, Silas Judson ; Wheatland, John Garbutt. Five towns have been added since then, making nineteen in all. It may be as well to give in this place a statement of the derivation of all the towns, which, it is believed, has never before been presented 78 LANDMARKS OP MONROE COUNTY. in compact form. On the east side, as previously stated, Northfield embraced, at first, most of the territory, being organised as a town in 1794. Some time later — authorities differ as to whether it was 1798 or 1808 — its name was changed to Boyle. Penfield was taken out of Boyle March 30, 18 10, and Perinton May 26, 1812. The name of what was left of Boyle was changed to Smallwood April 12, 181 3. Small- wood was divided into Brighton and Pittsford March 25, 18 14. Henrietta was taken out of Pittsford March 27, 1818; Irondequoit out of Brighton March 27, 1839, and Webster out of Penfield February 6, 1840. Men- don was a part of Bloomfield, Ontario county, till May 26, 18 12, and Rush was detached from Avon — then in that county, now in Living- ston — March 13, 1818. On the west side Northampton, as we have seen, organised in 1797, was reduced to the limits of the present county by 1808, if not before. On April 8 of that year Parma and Riga were separated from it. The remainder continued to be called Northampton till June 10, 1813, when the name was changed to Gates, and Greece was taken out of Gates March 22, 1822. Ogden was taken out of Parma January 27, 18 1 7, and Chili out of Riga February 22, 1822. Wheatland, under the name of Inverness, was taken from Caledonia, now in Livingston county, February 23, 1821, receiving its present name April 3 of that year. All of the above mentioned towns belonged in the true Phelps and Gorham Purchase as indicated by the lines of Augustus Porter in 1792. The land of the remaining towns was also included in the erro- neous survey of Hugh Maxwell in 1789. but it was afterward stricken out and sold to Robert Morris, when it became a part of the Triangle tract, in the Morris Reserve. Of these towns Sweden was taken from Murray, now in Orleans county, April 2, 1813, and Clarkson, also from Murray, April 2, 1819. Union was taken from Clarkson October 11, 1852, and its name changed to Hamlin February 28, 1861. For the county building for courts and offices a lot was given by Rochester, P'itzhugh and Carroll on the site of the present structure. The corner-stone was laid on the 4th of September, 1821, and in the following year the building was completed. Instead of the slope which is there now, the land was leveled back for about seventy- five feet from Buffalo street (now West Main) and there a terrace was made six feet FORMATION OF THE COUNTY. 79 higher than the first level. On the line between the two platforms ran the front of the court house, which was built mainly of blue stone with red sandstone trimmings and was forty-four feet wide by fifty-four long, with two wing walls, nearly flush with the main part It had two parts, each with a projecting portico supported by four Ionic col- umns, the south part, which was upon the upper level and faced the First Presbyterian church, having two stories and a base, while the low- est story of the north part was a full basement. That part was event- ually used as the county jail, though at first criminals were confined in a building on the west side of Hughes street (now North Fitzhugh), which was afterward used as a barracks. As to the population, the United States census of 1790 gave that of Ontario county, which then embraced about half of the state, at nine hundred and sixty, of which perhaps twenty-five or thirty were within our limits. It would be impossible to make an exact statement c v proportion of subsequent enumerations till that of 1820, when it was 26,855. From that time it was as follows, the United States census being given for the decimal years, the state enumeration for the others: 1830 — 49,862; 1840— 62,902 ; 1845 — 70,899 ; 1850— 87,650 ; 1855 — 96,324; 1860—100,648; 1865 — 104,235; 1870 — 117,988; 1875 — 134,- 534; 1880 — 144,903. There was no state census in 1885, owing to a disa- greement between the legislature and the governor. The United States census of 1890 gave our population as 189,815, but the enumeratiorf was manifestly defective, and a state census taken in 1892 showed that Monroe county had 200,059 inhabitants. There are probably ten thousand more than that now. At the first meeting of the board of supervisors Samuel Melancton Smith was appointed county treasurer and was rechosen annually by that body for some time, it is not known how long, for the records of proceedings are lacking for some years and in some others no attention was paid to the matter. The office was filled, after Mr. Smith, by Frederick Whittlesey, William S. Whittlesey. William McKnight and WilHam Kidd, the last of whom held it for at least six years previous to 1849, when Lewis Selye, the first to be elected by the people, entered upon it, after which the list is as follows: William H. Perkins, 1852; Lewis Selye again, 1855 ; Jason Baker, 1858; Samuel Schofield, 1864; 80 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. George N. Deming, 1867; Charles P. Achilles, .1873; James Harris, 1876; Alexander McVean, 1879; John B. Hamilton, 1894 A list of the sheriffs, and of the county clerks, as being officers of the courts, is given in another part of this work. For the first session of Congress after the formation of the county, Monroe was, with eight other counties, in the twenty- first district ; for the next ten years it was in the twenty-seventh district, with Livings- ton county ; for the next thirty years it formed a district by itself, first as the twenty-eighth, then as the twenty-ninth ; for the next twenty years it was with Orleans, first as the twenty-eighth, then as the thirtieth; since 1883 it has constituted, by itself, the thirtieth district. The first Representative who lived in this county (with the exception of William B. Rochester, who was a resident of Allegany county while he was a mej''j^. ot Congress, though he lived here afterward) was ^^iiiei D. Barnard, elected in 1826. His successors, with the year of their election, were as follows: Timothy Childs, 1828, 1834, 1836 and 1840; Frederick Whittlesey, 1830 and 1832; Thomas Kempshall, 1838; Thomas J. Patterson, 1842; Elias B. Holmes, 1844 and 1846; Abram M. Schermerhorn, 1848 and 1850; Azariah Boody, 1852; Davis Carpenter (to succeed Boody, resigned), 1853 ; John Williams, 1854; Samuel G, Andrews, 1856; Alfred Ely, 1858 and i86o; Free- man Clarke, 1862, 1870 and 1872; Roswell Hart, 1864; Lewis Selye, 1866; Noah Davis, junior (of Orleans), 1868; John M. Davy, 1874; K. Kirke Hart (of Orleans), 1876; John Van Voorhis, 1878, 1880 and 1892; Halbert S. Greenleaf, 1882 and 1890; Charles S. Baker, 1884, 1886 and 1888; Henry C. Brewster, 1894. It was not till 1844 that Monroe had a state Senator living in the county — P>edcrick F. Backus, who. after serving three years, was suc- ceeded by Jerome Fuller, elected in 1847; Samuel Miller, 1849; Micajah W. Kirby, 1851 ; William S. Bishop, 1853 ; John E. Patterson, 1855 and 1857; Ephraim Goss, 1859; Lysander F'arrar, 1861 ; George G. Munger, 1863; Thomas Parsons, 1865; Lewis H. Morgan, 1867; Jarvis Lord, 1869, 1871 and 1873 ; William N. Emerson, 1875 ; George Raines, 1877; Edmund L. Pitts (of Orleans), 1879, 1881 and 1885; Charles S Baker, 1883; Donald iMcNaughton, 1887 and 1889; Cornelius R. Parsons, 1891 and 1893. By the constitution of 1846 .0 y~-^j4>^^t^il<>^ DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTY. 81 Monroe (before that in the eighth district) vas made a senatorial ('is- trict by itself, and continued so till 1879, when Orleans was added to it. The constitution of 1894 restores it to its solitude and gives it two Sena- tors and four members of Assembly, the districts being equally divided by the river. An act of Congress, passed March 3, 1805, created the customs dis- trict of Genesee, with the port at Charlotte. The following are the col- lectors, with the year of appointment — all from Rochester, except as stated otherwise: Samuel Latta, of Gates (now Greece), 1805 ; Caleb Hopkins, of Boyle (now Pittsford), 1809 ; Jesse Hawley, of Gates, 18 17; Jacob Gould. 1829; James Smith, 1839; James K. Livingston, 1841 ; Joseph Strong, 1843 ; Lyman B. Langworthy, of Greece, 1844; Joseph Sibley, of Rush, 1846; Elias Pond, 1849; James R. Thompson, of Clarkson, 185 1; James C. Campbell, 1853; Pliny M. Bromley, 1857; Philander M. Crandall, 1861 ; William H. Crennell, 1865; John M. Davy, 1866 and 1872 ; James H. Kelly, 1867 ; Thomas Parsons, 1868; William Emerson, 1869; David K. Cartter, 1875 ; William T. Simpson, 1879; Charles E. Morris, 1883 ; John W. Martin, 1887 ; Henry Hebing, 1889; George H. Houck, of Rush, 1894. CHAPTER XI. DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTY. The First Deed Recorded — Lake Navigation — The Commerce of Carthage — Revenues from Customs — The Erie Canal— Its Inception, its Construction and its Cost — The Genesee Valley Canal — River Navigation — The Jail — The Second Court-House — The Penitentiary — The State Industrial School— The Deaf Mute Institute— The Aims- House — The Insane Asylum— The Bible Society — The Agricultural and Horticultural Societies — County Taxes. Real estate changed hands after the formation of the county more rapidly than before, and the first deed recorded in the new clerk's office was one dated March 19, 1821, and put on record April 6. It con- veyed, from Elisha Johnson and Betsey his wife, to Andrew V. T. 11 82 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Lcavitt and Charles J. Hill, thirty-seven feet and four inches of land on Canal street (now North St. Paul), corner of Mechanic street (now Mortimer), in the village of Brighton, the consideration being $ioo. The lot was purchased from Messrs. Leavitt and Hill in 1850 by George G. Clarkson, afterward mayor, who built there and occupied the house until some twenty years ago, when he sold it, and a commer- cial building was erected in its place. But the interests of the county lay on the water as well as on the land, and for a long time it seemed as though all traffic with the outside world must be carried on largely by that medium. Travelers might make the weary journey from the east or to the west over roads that were bad in winter and worse in summer, but merchandise, it was thought, could be more advantageously carried in marine vehicles. To go back to the beginning of lake navigation in connection with this locality, Charlevoix's vessel, in 1669, was probably the first craft built by white men that entered Irondequoit bay. The trading posts estab- lished near that point have been alluded to in another chapter, but they passed away and the whole thing was begun anew after the settlement of the county by the whites. Trade with Canada soon sprang up, for in 1803 over one hundred barrels of pearlash were shipped to Montreal from Irondequoit. About 1810 Krastus Spalding, a tavern-keeper at Charlotte, built at that point the first schooner, the Isabel, which was captured by the British in the war of 1812. In 181 i the schooner Clarissa was built by Oliver Culver on his farm in Brighton and drawn to the bay by twenty- six yoke of oxen, and a little later three other schooners were made by him and launched upon the lake. Steam as a motive power made itself known upon these waters soon after its introduction to the world by Robert Fulton, and in 18 16 or 1817 (authorities differing on that point) the first steamboat on the lakes, appropriately called the Ontario, commanded by Capt. Eli Lusher, entered the mouth of the river, on its passage between Sackett's Harbor and Lewiston. The Martha Ogden was the next steamer; in a short time a daily visit was made at Charlotte (where the first lit;ht house was erected in 1822), and then the vessels passed up the river, stopping at Hanford's Landing, on the west side, till the warehouses there were burned down in 1835. After that, Carthage, on the east side, had for t)EVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTY. 83 some time a monopoly of the river traffic with Canada, but even before that it had done most of the business, which was sufficient to warrant the construction of a gravity raih'oad, by which passengers and freight were carried up and down between the dock at the water's edge and the summit of the high bank, a car loaded with stone acting as the equipoise and being drawn up by a windlass when necessary. About 1847 the road that was long known as Buell's avenue was run down on the west side, terminating at Kelsey's Landing, where a dock was built, and there also, the Canadian steamers touched, but without dis- turbing the maritime supremacy of Carthage. This lasted until after the middle of the century, and sometimes as many as seventeen vessels could be seen lying there at one time, to take on cargoes of flour and fruit for Toronto and Montreal. It is a little singular that the customs receipts at these various ports — or different stations of the port of Rochester — never equaled the salaries of the revenue officers till 1835, when they were about $26,000, and in the next year they amounted to $60,000 This sudden increase was probably owing to the amount of duties paid on 200,000 bushels of wheat which were in that year brought in from Canada, where the price was then so low as to make its importation profitable (even though much of it was sent back immediately after being ground), especially as all the farms in Monroe, fertile as they were, could not raise enough of the cereal to fill the capacious throats of the flour mills that sprang up in Rochester, Scotts- ville, Pittsford and elsewhere in the county. Long before that time the Erie canal was built. Apart from the vague suggestions previously offered in various ways, the conception of this great work was first brought clearly before the people in a number of essays in 1807-08, over the signature of " Hercules," in a Pittsburg paper and in the Genesee Messetiger, published at Canandaigua. These articles were by Jesse Hawley, afterward a resident of Rochester, and to him belongs the paternity of an enterprise that built up more cities than any other construction and connected our eastern seaboard with the great lakes which were then supposed to form the northwestern limits of any possible civilisation in the United States. In 1808 the legislature appropriated $6oo to pay for an accurate survey to be made for a canal to connect the tide- waters of the Hudson with Lake Erie. Si LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. James Geddes, beinj^ appointed to do the work, did it in the most ridiculous manner possible, recommending the use of Mud creek, the Genesee river, I^lack creek, the Tonawanda swamp and the Niai^ara river as parts of the channel. The matter slumbered for two or three years, then De Witt Clinton tiH)k it up in the state Senate and efforts were made to enlist Congress and then other states in the enterprise, but the war with Great l^ritain put a stop to the project. On January 8, 1817, a meeting was held at Canandaigua, which was attended b)' many from this immediate region ; Colonel Troup presided, Colonel Rochester was secretary, and resolutions, drawn up by Myron IloUey and presented by John Greig, were adopted, reciting the supreme bene- fits to be derived from a canal. It was to the action of this meeting that the adoption of the plan was due. In April of that year the legis- lature passed an act authorising the construction of a canal from the Mohawk to the Seneca river. The work was begun on the 4th of July, 18 17, running west from Utica, and, as it progressed, the legislature extended the limits of the water-way; in October, 1819, the middle section was completed and the commissioners then gave out the contracts from Rochester to Palmyra ; as fast as one piece was finished the water was let into it from streams which it traversed and transportation took place at once ; the last part of the labor was hardest, that of cutting through the mountain ridge at Lockport and building the admirable locks at that place ; this took up all of 1824 and much of the next year; on October 24, 1825, the guard gates at Lockport were raised, the long level east of there was filled, and the grandest work on the continent up to that time was finished ; the celebration lasted more than a week, beginning at Buffalo on the 26th, when, as the mooring-lines were cast off from the leading boat of the flotilla, with De Witt Clinton and other officials on board, its departure was announced by a signal gun, and this report was repeated by cannon stationed along the line, so that the news reached New York in one hour and twenty minutes ; at each important place the procession halted for the day, while festivities were indulged in, terminating at New York on November 4. Stupendous as this work was, it was soon perceived that the canal was inadequate for its purposes, its use far transcending all previous DEVELOPMENT OP TFIE COUNTS. 86 conceptions. As originally constructed, it was forty, feet in width by four in depth, was three hundred and sixty-three miles long and cost $7,143,789. In 1838 the legislature appropriated $4,000,000 annually for its enlargement ; when this was completed it had cost, in all, $51,609,203; its width was increased to seventy feet, its depth to seven ; by straightening the line twelve and a half miles were taken from its length, and several locks were added, making seventy-two in all. Rochester was always largely interested in the Erie canal; of the nine engineers engaged in building it three lived in that place, then or afterward ; of the tolls taken, about one eighth were received there. These increased steadily for twenty- five years, after which they de- clined with almost equal regularity and were abolished in 1883, their abandonment involving little loss to the state. The canal was of incal- culable benefit in building up the region which it traversed and in developing traffic along its course ; whether it has outlived its useful- ness is a question. To connect this water-way with the fertile country through which our river flows, the Genesee Valley canal, from Rochester to Olean, was begun in 1837 but not finished till 1856. Its business never equaled anticipations, and after dragging along an unsatisfactory existence it was abandoned by the authorities in 1878 and sold in 1880 to the Genesee Valley Canal railroad company., now the Western New York & Pennsylvania. A short canal was constructed in 1837 from Scotts- ville to the Genesee and for several years it was of great service in getting grain and flour to market from the southwestern part of the county. River navigation was not neglected. On the upper Genesee, flat- boats, of the Durham pattern, propelled by poles pushed against the bottom of the stream, were in use from the rapids to Geneseo and be- yond, and immense quantities of produce were shipped to Rochester by the bateau system. These craft were supplemented, rather than super- seded, by a steamboat, called the Genesee, a stern- wheeler, capable of carrying more than three hundred passengers, which ran between the points named and performed its principal labor in towing the more tardy carriers that were worked by hand. Its captain was J. W. Phillips. After two seasons the enterprise, though alluring at first, be- came unprofitable, so the vessel was run over the dam and broken up. 8G LANt)MARKS OF MONtlOfi COtJNTY. After the completion of the P^rie canal, the next undertaking that engaged the attention of the county was the erection of a jail. The original quarters on North Fitzhugh street were soon found to be in- sufficient, and in 1832 a new place of confinement was built, on the island between the river and the Fitzhugh and Carroll race, where the Erie railroad train house now stands. It cost, including the land, $12,- 500, was constructed of stone, was one hundred feet long by forty wide and had forty cells. Within its walls were executed Octaxius I^arron, July 25, 1838; Austin Squires, November 29, 1838; Maurice Antonio, June 3, 1852; Ira Stout, October 22, 1858: Franz Jo.seph Messner, August II, 1871, and John Clark, November 19, 1875. Before they would go to the expense of building a new jail, the successive boards of supervisors allowed this structure to become so dilapidated that it almost fell to pieces, and escape from it was easy and frequent. Public clamor at last overcame their parsimony, and in 1885 the present jail was erected, at an expense of $56,419.91, which stands on Exchange street, immediately southwest of the location of the former building. One execution has taken place in it, that of Edward A. Deacons, who was hanged July 10, 1888. The first court-house was expected to last for a century ; it stood for less than thirty years, being taken down in 1850, to make way for its successor. For many years before that, in consequence of the increase in business, the county clerk's office had been located in a little stone edifice after the model of a Grecian temple, which Dr. Elwood and Dr. Coleman had erected for their office, at an early day, on the northwest corner of the court-house plaza. This was demolished when the new building was begun, but its companion structure, on the other corm r. at Irving place, which had been used originally as the law office of Vin- cent and Selah Mathews, but which for some time previous had been occupied by the surrogate, was allowed to remain till the time of the civil war. For the new county court-house the board of supervisors had appropriated originally $25,000, but, before the contract was given out, the common council of Rochester decided to unite with the county for a joint structure and the amount was raised to $61,931.35. With this sum, increased by $iO,ooo a few years later, a building was erected that was an ornament to the city in which it stood and a credit, exter- nally at least, to the county of which it was the capitol. DEVELOPAIENT OF THE COUNTY. 87 The foundation, the steps and the pavement of the portico were of Onondaga h'mestone ; the superstructure was of brick, three stories above the basement; four imposing columns of stone upheld the roof of the portico; the west half of the ground floor, containing the clerk's records, was made fireproof twenty-five years ago. The edifice was surmounted by a wooden dome, and that by another, the two being'so proportional that the effect was pleasing, and upon the upper dome stood a figure of Justice.^ The corner stone was laid on the 20th of June, 1850, by Mayor Richardson and the chairman of the board of supervisors, the prayer was delivered by Rev. Dr. A. G. Hall and the address was made by Judge Moses Chapin. In December, 1851, the building was completed, and it was used by the county and city together till 1875, when the municipal offices were moved into the city hall, then just finished. Nearly forty- four years after its imposition the corner- stone was opened and its contents were disclosed. All those whose material was paper, whether books or manuscript, were badly injured by the moisture that had penetrated the cavity through the solid ston'" and the ink on many documents was wholly effaced. Several of the articles were those that had been placed in the foundation of the first court-house — one of which, a parchment containing statistics of the vil- lage, was in an admirable state of preservation — and it was intended to redeposit them in the third, but this idea was abandoned and, with the exception of the parchment alluded to, an old map of Monroe county and a few city directories of different dates, only objects relating to the present time were put into the new corner-stone, having been first put into an aluminum box and that inclosed in a copper receptacle. The ceremony of laying this stone took place on the 4th of July, 1894 (after an old-fashioned celebration in the morning), with the full Masonic ritual for such occasions, under the direction of John Hodge, the grand master of the grand lodge, preceded by an address from Mayor Aldridge, an invocation by the chaplain, Rev. W. C. Hubbard, and an oration by George Raines, with singing by the public school children. For the new court-house, which is now in process of erection and which is to be completed by the ist of April, 1896, the contract ' This was used in 1876 by the officers of the coast survey as one of the points of trianjarulation, whereby it was found that the meridian of Rochester is 77 degrees, 36 minutes, 50.97 seconds west longitude, 43 degrees, 9 minutes, 22.44 seconds north latitude. 88 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. price is $295,343, besides $25,120 for the steam heating apparatus, and the future cost of plumbing, interior finish and other items. It is vastly larger than either of its predecessors, with a frontage of one hundred and forty feet and a depth of one hundred and sixty, coming almost flush with the sidewalk on West Main street, and leaving but little open space in'the rear between it and the city hall; with a high basement and four stories on the Main street front, eighty- seven feet in all ; built of New Hampshire granite all smooth-dressed and with a heavy cornice of the same stone ; Romanesque in general design, with four polished columns on the north front, guarding a vestibule that opens into a central court covered by a skylight ninet)'-two feet above the level of the ground floor ; the first floor will be used by the county clerk, the county treas- urer and the surrogate, the trial courts will occupy the second floor, the third will be taken up with the general and special term and the law library, and the fourth will be devoted to the supervisors, the district- attorney and the grand jury ; the edifice is to be fireproof throughout ; the architect is J. Foster Warner, the contractors are Friedrich & Sons. It took a great many years for people to learn that tlie jail is not the proper place for the confinement of convicted criminals, and it was 1854 before the Monroe county penitentiary was erected. It was put up in that year at a cost of $22,707.60, but in 1865 it was nearly de- stroyed by fire and was rebuilt, a large workshop being added in 1873. The main part of the penitentiary proper is a four story brick structure, with two wings, the cells for the men being in the northern part, those for the women in the southern. A large addition, which was finished last December, contains two hundred and fifty cells, arranged in five tiers, most of which are occupied by inmates who were transferred from their former crowded quarters. Of the convicts, who average four hun- dred in number, though there were nearly five hundred there last win- ter, all who are able to work are made to do so during their term of commitment, greatly to their benefit, and, which is of less importance, to the benefit of the state, the expenses in most years being met by the receipts. Last year the income was $40,582.78, the outgo $32,343.14. Zenas R. Brockway was the first superintendent, and those who have succeeded him are William Willard, Levi S. Fulton, Alexander Mc- Whorter and Charles A, Webster, the present incumbent. ^^^^ z^^-^^«^-2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTY. 89 Of far broader scope than the penitentiary, and with diiTcrent methods of treatment, is another place for the confinement of criminals — the State Industrial school. This was established, under the name of the Western House of Refuge, by an act of the legislature of May 8, 1846, $4,200 being paid for the site, the state paying $3,000, the citizens of Rochester $1,200. Under the supervision of William Pitkin, D. C. McCallum and Isaac Hills, commissioners for the purpose, the building was erected and inclosed, and on August 1 1, 1849, the institution was opened, with Samuel S. Wood as superintendent, Dr. H. W. Dean as house physician, H. H. Gofif as teacher and Elizabeth A. Taylor as seamstress, these having been elected by the board of managers, of which the president was Frederick F. Backus, the secretary and treas- urer Isaac Hills. At the outset the house could furnish room for only fifty, but wings were built on from time to time and other extensive additions were made, till the place became capable of holding a thousand people, though there have never been quite as many as that within its walls, and the population for the last year has averaged about nine hun- dred officers and inmates. The main building, with its wings, is three hundred and eighty-two feet in length, on Backus avenue, at the head of Phelps avenue, and just south of this, completely separated from it by a high stone wall, is the girls' department, with a frontage of two hundred and seventy-six feet, which was erected in 1876. In no other penal institution has so complete a change been wrought in tht system pursued. Created as a place for the confinement and reforma- tion of juvenile delinquents, it has become a school for their training and education, where twenty different trades are taught, where the original cells have given place to open dormitories and where order rules in'>tead of fear. The name of the reformatory was changed to the State Industrial school about twenty years ago. Mr. Wood was the superintendent for nineteen years, and Levi S. Fulton held the place for a still longer term ; the present incumbent is Franklin H. Briggs. The present president is Isaac Gibbard, the vice-presidents are Henry Lomb and Sarah H. Kuichling, the secretary and treasurer is John Desmond. The cost of maintaining the establishment is about $160,000 annually. Among the schools of its class none stands higher than the Western New York Institution for Deaf Mutes. It was organised in 1876 with 12 90 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY a board of managers of which the president was E. Darwin Smith, the vice-presidents were George G. Claikson and S. A. EUis, the secretary was Edward P. Hart and the treasurer Gilman H Perkins. The school was opened in October of that year, in the Mumford block, on the corner of South St. Paul and Court streets, with twenty-three i)upils, but before the end of the second year it had so far outgrown its present quarters that it was moved down to North St. Paul street, into the building previously used as the House for Idle and Truant Children, where it has remained ever since. A large jiart of the structure was destroyed by fire in 1882, but it was at once rebuilt and since then so many additions have been made that the property is now worth $125,000. Prof. Z. E. Westervelt was appointed principal at the out- set, and he still retains the position. To him alone is it owing that a new system of teaching was adopted twenty years ago, which involved the entire disuse of the arbitrary sign language and the substitution therefor of finger-spelling and speech, the deaf being taught tb under- stand the visible movements of the lips and tongue. This is uni- versally known as the Rochester method and it is now in use in many other institutions of the kind. There are at present one hundred and eighty-four pupils in the school. The present officers of the board are : George G. Clarkson, president; S. A. Lattimore and Charles F. Pond, vice-presidents; S. A. Ellis, secretary; G. H. Perkins, treasurer. In 1826 the first alms-house in the county was erected, a brick build- ing, with accommodations for nearly one hundred inmates, though it had only thirty-five occupants in its first year. Miss Benedict taught school to the unfortunate inmates in 1855. and four years later a separate building was put up as a school-house, where other charitable women gave instruction. The original structure stood until 1872, when a new house was erected, nearly fireproof, with brick partition walls and iron cornice, one hundred and eighty eight feet front on South avenue, with wings at the ends running back one hundred feet. The number of inmates admitted during the past year was 1,237, the average present at any one time being about five hundred during tlie winter, half that number in the summer. For the support of the alms- house during the past year $25,703.25 was expended ; $3. 522 was paid for outside relief of the county poor in Rochester, $3,209.29 for the DEVELOPMENT OF THE COUNTY. 91 same purpose in the towns, which, with other expenses, brought the total up to $35,598.16. George E. McGonegal was the county super- intendent of the poor for twenty-four years up to the 1st of last Janu- ary ; the place is now filled by Clarence V. Lodge. Up to 1857 the insane poor of this county and surrounding counties were confined in a portion of the alms-house, but in that year a separate building was completed, Col. J. P. Wiggins and wife were put in charge and forty- eight: patients were moved into it. Dr. M. L. Lord was ap- pointed the warden and physician and held the ofiice for about twenty years Additions were made to the asylum from time to time, and in 1872 a new main building was erected. In i8qo the legislature passed a law establishing the policy of state care of the dependent insane ; under this law the state purchased the asylum and all the land con- nected with it for $50,000 and changed the name to the Rochester State hospital, the transfer from one board of trustees to the other going into effect July I, i89[. There are now eleven of these state hospitals, and the system is generally recognised as beneficial to the insane. Dr. Eugene H. Howard is the superintendent of this hospital, and under his management the institution is conducted with ability and humanity. Patients are sent hither from other counties in the state, and the average population of the asylum is about four hundred. The buildings have been almost entirely reconstructed, with a view to meliorating the condition of the inmates, and the value of the property is now considered about $250,000. Of the board of managers the president is Frederick Cook ; vice-president, Jane E. Rochester ; secre- tary, E. H. Howard ; treasurer, Frederic P. Allen. On the 30th of May, 1821, the Monroe County Bible society was organised as auxiliary to the American Bible society, its sole object being " the circulation of the Holy Scriptures, without note or comment." Its first officers were: Vincent Mathews, president; William Atkinson and F. F. Backus, vice presidents ; I'2nos Pomeroy, corresponding secretary ; William Pitkin, recording secretary ; Levi Ward, treasurer. The present officers are : Rev. Dr. J. P. Sankey, president ; A. H. Mixer, corresponding secretary ; Edward Webster, recording secretary; O. D. Grosvencr, librarian and treasurer. Next to Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, which is the first, Monroe 02 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. stands second among all the counties in the Union, according to the United States census of 1 890, in the value of its agricultural produc- tions. As far as can be learned, the first county fair was held October 30, 1823, and there was a county society at that time, with James Sperry as president, but it must have lapsed, for the first Monroe County Agri- cultural society was organised May 28, 1840, Lyman B. Langworthy being the first president, Henry M. Ward secretary and Henry K. Rochester treasurer. In 1874 its scope was enlarged, and its name was changed, by act of the legislature, to the Western New York Agricul- tural society. The annual fairs that are held under its auspices, upon its grounds in Brighton, just south of Elmwood avenue, are creditable to the exhibitors and indicative of the fertility and prosperity of the county. The present officers are: J. H Sherman, president ; T. F. Crittenden, treasurer ; H. A. Kingsley, secretary. Akin to this is the Western New York Horticultural society, organised in 1855, of which the present officers are : William C. Barry, presi- denf; John Hall, secretary and treasurer It is the successor of the Genesee Valley Horticultural society, which held its first exhibition at the l^lossom House, on June 12, 1846. Of the 430,000 acres in Monroe county, 349,000 are subject to taxation. The total assessed valuation of the real estate is $134,203,- 700, of which $98,759,400 is in the city, $35,444,300 in the towns. The tax levy for this year includes $334,356.04 for the county tax proper, $291,982 81 for the state tax, $114,353.94 for local taxes, and enough special taxes to make the total county tax $749,175.41. The state apportionment allotted to Monroe county for the support of com- mon schools for the year ending July 31, I095, was $117,77404. of which $80,599.73 goes to the city, $37,174.31 to the towns. THE COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. CHAPTER XII. THE COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. The First Call — ^Monroe's Response— Our Regiments, Battalions and Companies of Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery, Sharpshooters and Engineers — Ten Thousand Men En- listed — Their Service in the Field — General Officers — Grand Army of tlu; Republic - The Veteran Brigade. President Lincoln's proclamation calling for 75,000 volunteers to put down the southern rebellion was issued on the 15th of April, 1861. Few sections of the country responded more promptly than did Monroe county, and few sent more troops into the field in proportion to the population. The census of i860 gave us 100,648, that of 1865 showed an increase of less than four thousand. Between those two years about ten thousand persons had enlisted, nearly, if not quite, one for every ten inhabitants, or about one-half of the entire voting population. There are several reasons why the number cannot be given exactly. One is that some companies or battalions raised here were credited to regiments raised elsewhere, while, to offset that, whole companies en- listed in other places were transferred to Monroe county regiments. But the principal cause of the want of accuracy lies in the fact that, toward the close of the war, when a certain quota was apportioned to each county, a deficiency in one county would be made up by the actual purchase of surplus enlistments in another, and sometimes the very county thus paying for outside recruits would find that it had an un- necessary number and would dispose of them in the best market. Be- sides all that, many actual residents of Monroe county joined the army in other places, where they happened to be at the time, while many en- listed here whose homes were elsewhere. Especially was the latter true in 1863, just before the conscription took place, and far more so in 1864, when another draft was ordered to fill out the last levy of half a million men. To avoid that, the county 94 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. offered a bounty of $300 to each recruit, the city gave something more, and every town and ward an additional sum to fill up the quota, besides which large prices were paid by individuals for their substitutes, thus making an aggregate amount that was an irresistible inducement to many beyond the Canadian frontier. Thus our contingent was com- pleted at last, with foreigners and with those whose impelling motive was avarice rather than patriotism, so that desertion was far more com- mon than at the beginning of the conflict. Little more can be done in this connection than giving a list of the various regiments properly be- longing to Monroe, and of those in which our count)- had a company or a contingent that can be distinctly traced, together with a statement of the principal actions in which each was engaged. Thirteenth Infantry. — This was our first regiment, which has always been spoken of, with fond remembrance, as the " Old Thirteenth." Its nucleus was the old Rochester Light Guard, from among which Captain Robert V. Taylor raised a large part of company A on the very day after the proclamation reached the city. Other companies were soon enlisted in the county, under Captains Lebbeus Brown, Adolph Nolte (a company wholly German), Francis A. SchcL-ffel and Henry V>. Will- iams. These five companies were mustered into the state service on the 25th of April, and a few days later five more were raised, under Captains Hiram Smith, George W. Lewis, William F. Tulley, Horace J. Thomas (a company raised wholly in Brockport) and Carl Stephan (re- cruited in Livingston county, mainly in Dansville). These ten com- panies were transported to Elmira on the 4th of May and there organ- ised as a regiment, which on the 14th of May was mustered into the United States service for three months — though it actually served two years — with 780 officers and men, the regimental officers being Prof, Isaac F. Quinby, of the University of Rochester and a graduate of West Point, colonel; Carl Stephan, lieutenant-colonel; Oliver L. Terry, major; Charles J. Powers, adjutant ; Montgomery Rochester, quarter- master ; David Little, surgeon ; George W. Avery, assistant surgeon ; J. D. Barnes, of Binghamton, chaplain. On the 29th of May the regi- ment went through Baltimore, the company in the advance marching in full company front, the width of the roadway, to guard against attack by the mob. The Thirteenth's first battle was that of Bull Run, where TEIE COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. 95 it lost sixty-five men in all. In August Col. Ouinby resigned and was succeeded by John Pickeli, an old regular army ofificer, who left the ser- vice in the following spring, when Col. Elisha G. Marshall, also of the regulars, took the command. It participated in all the " seven days' battles " near Richmond, in one of which, that of Gaines Mills, where its strength was only 400, it lost loi in killed, wounded and missing. Having been engaged in the second battle of Bull Run, at Antietam and at Fredericksburg, it came home in May, 1863, with a loss in all its fights of 465 men. Its officers on the return were: E. G. Marshall, colonel; F. A Schoefifel, lieutenant-colonel; George Hyland, junior, major; Job C. Hedges, adjutant ; Samuel S. Partridge, quartermaster; David Little, surgeon ; Charles E. Hill and Isaac V. Mullen, assistant surgeons: E. M. Cooley, Mark J. Bunnell, Jerry A. Sullivan, John Weed, Charles C. Brown, A. Galley Cooper, Henry Lomb, captains ; James Hutchison, E. P. Becker, Homer Foote, J. Elliott Williams, J. M. Richardson, J. H. Wilson, John Marks, Edward Martin, W. R. Mc- Kinnon, first lieutenants; James Stevenson, James D. Bailey, Thomas Jordan, John Cawthra, Gustav Spoor, W. J. Hines, E. F. Hamilton, D. S. Barber, E. C. Austin, second lieutenants. Tiventy-fiftJi Infantry. — This regiment, though it had no enlisted men from Monroe county, was largely officered from the Thirteenth, after the former had become demoralised and its colonel, James E. Ker- rigan, dismissed from the service. The officers thus transferred wertf Lieut -Col. E. S. Gilbert, Major Sheppard Gleason, Captains Benj. F. Harris, Thomas E. Bishop, James S. Graham, W. W. Connor and Albert W. Preston, First Lieutenants Thomas Coglan and W. W. Bates. It was brigaded with the Thirteenth and passed through the same battles. Twenty -sixth Infantry. — This was raised mostly in Utica, but two of its companies, under Captains Gilbert S. Jennings and Thomas Davis, \A ere recruited in Monroe county. Its battles were those of Bull Run, Centerville, Antietam and Fredericksburg. Ttventy- seventh Infantry. — This was mainly a Syracuse regiment, with Henry W. Slocum as colonel, but one company was raised in Rochester, that of Capt. George G. Wanzer, with Charles S. Baker and v.. P. Gould as lieutenants. It suffered severely at Bull Run and was in the seven days' battles, at Antietam and at Fredericksburg. 9G LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Tweiitj'-cighth Infantry. — In this there was no complete company from Monroe, but many men were enlisted here, and Charles H. Fenn, of Rochester, was one of the captains. Its hardest fight was at Cedar Mountain, where it lieaded a brigade that charged three times against the enemy's hnes, and after the battle only 150 men of the regiment could be mustered. Thirty-third Infantry. — Here, also, there was no complete organisa- tion from this county, although 240 recruits were sent to it from Roch- ester and its colonel was R. F. Taylor, transferred from a captaincy in the Thirteenth. It lost heavily at Antietam and at Fredericksburg, where it stormed the heights. Eighty-nintJi hifatttry. — One company from Monroe was in this regiment, which was raised principally in the southern tier and was called the " Dickinson Guards." Its first colonel was Harrison S. Fair- child, of Rochester. Otie Hundred and Fifth Infantry. — In this regiment, recruited in several of the western counties, there were three Monroe companies, those of Captains McMahon (who became colonel of the One Hundred and Eighty eighth), Bradle}' and Purcell. Its first lieutenant-colonel was Henry L. Achilles, senior, who was succeeded by Howard Carroll, when it was consolidated with the Ninety-fourth ; its adjutant was Daniel A. Sharpe — all three of Rochester. From the second battle of Bull Run Capt. Purcell's company issued with only thirteen men out of thirty- three ; at Antietam Col. Carroll, then in command, was mortally wounded. One Hundred and Eighth Infatitry. — This was the second regiment in the state organised under the call for 300,000 troops in 1862. Having been recruited in less than a month, it left Rochester on August 19, under the following officers: Colonel, O. H. Palmer; lieutenant- colonel, C. J. Powers ; major, George B. Force ; adjutant, John T. Chumasero; quartermaster, Joseph S. Harris; surgeon, John F. Whit- beck ; assistant surgeon, William S. Ely ; chaplain, James Nichols ; captains, H. B. Williams, H. S. Hogoboom, William H. Andrews, J. G. Cramer, A. K. Cutler, F. E. Pierce, T. B. Yale, E. P. Fuller, William Graebe, Joseph Deverell. Receiving an ovation in New York city, it passed on to Washington and a month later was in its first fight, at THE COUNTY IN TflE CIVIL WAR. 97 Antietam, where it lost nearly 200 men, among the killed being Major Force and Lieutenants Tarbox and Holmes. It distinguished itself by a furious charge at Fredericksburg, by its firm stand at Chancellorsville and by serving the guns of a battery at Gettysburg after the artillery men were swept away. At Morton's Ford Lieut. -Col. Pierce (who went out as a captain) lost an eye, at the first day's battle in the Wilderness Col. Powers (who had succeeded Col. Palmer, resigned) was shot through the lungs but recovered, at Spottsylvania and again at Cold Harbor the regiment was badly cut up and when it was serving in the front line at Petersburg it shrank to less than a hundred men fit for duty. On June i, 1865, it reached home with 169, the following officers being mustered out with the regiment : C. J. Powers, colonel ; ¥. E. Pierce, lieutenant-colonel ; F. B. Hutchinson, quartermaster ; Reuben H. Halstead, adjutant ; F. M. Wafer, surgeon ; Robert Stevenson, assistant-surgeon ; John B. Kennedy, W. H. Andrews, Samuel Porter, J. G. Cramer, S. P. Howard, A. J. Locke, A. J. Boyd, captains ; W. H. Raymond, J. W. Smith, John O. Jewell, Chris. Traugott, James West- cott, Alfred Elwood, H. F. Richardson, Solomon Fatzer, first lieu- tenants ; Alfred B. Hadley, John Galvin, second lieutenants. One Hundred and Fortieth Infantry. — Recruiting began for this even before its predecessor had left, and it followed that regiment in just a month, with these officers: Lieutenant-colonel, Louis Ernst; major, Isaiah F. Force ; adjutant, Ira C. Clark ; quartermaster, William IT. Crennell ; surgeon, Theodore F. Hall ; assistant-surgeons, Wm. C. Slayton and O. Sprague Paine ; chaplain, Charles Machin ; captains, Milo L. Starks, Christian Spies, W. J. Clark, Elwell S. Otis, Monroe M. Hollister, Benjamin P\ Harmon, Perry B. Sibley, W. S. Grantsynn, Wm. F. Campbell, Patrick J. Bowling; first lieutenants, Joseph M. Leeper, August Meyer, Bartholomew Crowley, Henry B. Hoyt, Patrick A. McMullen, James H. Knox, Henry E. Richmond, Joseph H. Suggett, Addison N. Whiting, Patrick H. Sullivan ; second lieutenants, J. D. Decker, Charles P. Klein, John Buckley, Alex. H. McLeod, Benjamin Ridley, Isaac Simmons, Porter Farley, Charles IT Burtis, Lewis Ham- ilton, Hugh McGraw. ' On the 8th of October it received its first colonel, Patrick H. O'Rorke, formerly a Rochester boy, a West Point graduate and an officer of brilliant promise. Though present at Yx^(^- ]3 98 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ericksburg and Chanccllorsvillc, the first battle in which it sustained serious loss was that of Gettysburg, where it participated in the reten- tion of Little Round Top against all the assaults of the enemy and where Col. O'Rorke was killed and Captains Starks, Spies and Sibley were severely wounded, Lieutenants Klein and McGraw fatally. Lieut. - Col. r>nst and Major Force were successively in command till George Ryan, a captain in the Seventh regular infantry, was appointed colonel in August, 1863, and he brought the regiment to the highest degree of efficiency by his discipline and his care for the men. In a single charge in the first day of the Wilderness it lost nearly half its force ; at Spottsyl- vania, three days later, it suffered severely, Col, Ryan and Major Starks being among the killed, and at Bethesda Church it underwent further depletion, so that in less than a month it was reduced by 41 1 out of a little less than 600. It was at Mine Run, Petersburg and Appomattox and came home with 290 men. The following were mus- tered out with the regiment : William S. Grantsynn, lieutenant-colonel ; William J. Clark, major ; Robert J. Lester, adjutant ; Eugene H. Shedd, quartermaster ; Henry C. Dean, surgeon ; Matthias L. Lord and George L. Menzie, assistant-surgeons. The muster-out roll of the line officers cannot be obtained. One Hundred and Fifty-first Infantry. — Although Col. William Emerson, of Rochester, commanded this regiment, it had only one Monroe company, under Capt. Peter Imo, First Lieut John C. Schoen (who took the place of Imo, resigned, and who was killed while lead- ing his men in a charge at Cold Harbor), and Second Lieut. George Oaks, who was brevetted major and came home in command of the company. In this company was Julius Armbruster, who, af the battle of Winchester, was shot directly between the eyes, the ball coming out at the back of his neck, yet he returned to the ranks a few weeks later^ one of the most remarkable medical cases of the war. Monroe Couniy Sharpshooters. — This company was formed in the early part of 1863, under Abijah C. Gray; it was known as the Sixth company of Sharpshooters and was not attached to any regiment. Third Cavalry. — During the summer of 1861 this regiment was re- cruited. One company was from Rochester, that of Capt. Charles FitzSimmons, which, with another company, raised in Syracuse, was the THE COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. 99 first volunteer cavalry mustered into the United States service. Four other ccnnpanies, under Captains Alonzo Stearns, Judson Downs, John M. Wilson and Nathan P. Pond, were raised in the county, mainly outside of the city, and another company, added just before the regi- ment started, was tliat of George W Lewis, who had been transferred from the " Old Thirteenth." The officers were: Colonel, James H. Van Allen ; lieutenant-colonel, Simon H. Mix (appointed colonel on the resignation of Van Allen in 1863); major, John Mix (appointed lieutenant colonel) ; adjutant, Samuel C. Pierce (subsequently lieu- tenant-colonel); surgeon, Wm. H. Palmer; assistant surgeon, TVed- erick Douglas. Capt. Lewis became ranking major; the junior majors were Charles P'itzSimmons, Jephthah Garrard and George W. Cole ; Alonzo Stearns and Israel Henry Putnam became majors; Capt. Pond be- came lieutenant-colonel of the First United States colored cavalry, and among others who gained promotion were Major Maurice Leyden, Adjutants George D. Williams and Wm. L Ogden, Captains Walter S. Joy and James R. Chamberlin, Lieutenants Milton H. Smith, Sherman Greig and John Gregory. The regiment was with Burnside in North Carolina and after that it performed gallant service with the army of the James. Eighth Cavalry. — This was recruited in the autumn of 1861 — very largely from the towns of Monroe, though enlistments were made in other counties — and marched away on Thanksgiving day. Its original enlistment was for one year, but the whole regiment was then mustered in again and served during the war. Its first officers were Samuel J. Crooks, colonel (who resigned the next February) ; Charles R. Babbitt, lieutenant-colonel ; William L. Markell and W. H. Benjamin, majors ; James Chapman, surgeon ; Rev. Dr. John A. Van Ingen, chaplain. In 1862 Capt. Benjamin F'. Davis, of the regular army, became its colonel, but he was shot dead at Beverly Ford by an ambushed Confederate, who, in turn, was instantly killed by Adjutant E. Bloss Parsons. Col. Davis was succeeded in command by Lieut.-Col. Markell, he by Lieut.- Col. Benjamin, and he by Edmund M. Pope as full colonel. The P2ighth was in nearly forty battles and won its greatest distinction in charging Gen. Early's entrenchments at Waynesboro, where, under command of Major Hartwell B. Compson, it captured ten battle-flags, LofC. 100 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. six guns and 1,300 prisoners. It returned lionic under command of Col. Pope and Lieut.- Col. James Bliss. Twenty -first Cavalry. — Four companies from Monroe, under Cap- tains John S. Jennings, William Godley, David A. Signor and James S. Graham, were in this regiment, which was raised in the fall of [863. Its first lieutenant-colonel was Chas. FitzSimmons, previously of the Third cavalry. Its hardest fighting was in the Shenandoah valley, where it was left as a guard after Sheridan moved on to Richmond for the last struggle. After Lee's surrender it was sent to Colorado and mustered out in detachments Ttvcnty second Cavalry. — Seven companies recruited partially in Monroe were in this regiment, which left the state in March, 1864. Samuel J. Crooks, previously of the Lighth cavalry, was tiie first colonel, but during most of its service it was commanded by Major Caleb Moore, who had been detailed from the Eighth, the two regi- ments being brigaded together, in Custer's division, and fighting in the same battles during the last year of the war. Among the officers were Jacob Fisher, A. K. Tower, James H. Nellis, Frank A. Callister, Henry P. Starr and others from this county. First Veteran Cavalry. — Of the twelve companies of this regiment, eight were raised partially in this county. It was recruited by Robert F. Taylor, its first colonel, in 1863, leaving the state in detachments, as the companies were mustered in. The Reynolds Battery. — By this name the company of artillerymen raised in September, 1861, was always known, though its real name was Battery L, P^irst New York artillery, as it was incorporated with that regiment after leaving Rochester. It served with distinction during the whole war after its enlistment, its principal engagements being at Front Royal, South Mountain, Antietam, Gettysburg (where it lost one gun, which, at a later period of the war, was recaptured and restored to the battery), Spottsylvanii the North Anna and Petersburg. Its first officers were Capt John A. Reynolds (who left the battery in May, 1863, having been promoted major and rising afterward to be chief of artillery, first of the twelfth corps, then of Hooker's command at Look- out Mountain, then of the army of Georgia during Sherman's march to the sea) and Lieutenants Edwin A. Loder and Gilbert H. Reynolds, THE COUNTY IN THE CIVIL WAR. 101 the last-named becoming the captain after the promotion of his brother, Loder having been wounded. The battery came home with the fol- lowing officers: George Breck, captain (brevet major); William H. Sheldon, D. M. Perrine and E. O. Kinne, lieutenants. Mack's Battery. — This was always the home name of an organisation recruited in the summer of 1862 and mustered in September 13. It was not attached to any regiment and its official title was the Eighteenth Independent Battery New York light artillery. Its first officers were: Albert G. Mack, captain; George H. Mumford and George S. Curtis, first lieutenants ; George P. Davis, second lieutenant. Franklin Van Dake subsequently became first lieutenant; Stalham L. Williams, A. B. McConnell and D. W. McConnell, second lieutenants. Its principal ser- vice was in the department of the Gulf, where it won the highest official praise. Barnes s Rifle Battery. — This was always the Twenty- sixth independ- ent battery. It left the state December 4, 1862, under Capt. J. Warren Barnes. Like the foregoing, it served in the far South, and was in Banks's expedition. Eleventh Artillery. — Recruiting for this regiment began in Roches- ter in February, 1862, under Col. William B. Barnes. Four companies had been raised, under Captains William Church, Seward F. Gould, Henry P. Merrill and William F. Goodwin, up to June 24, when they were hastily ordered to Pennsylvania, to defend the state against Lee's invasion. After that campaign those companies were transferred to the Fourth New York artillery, and others who had been recruited by Major H. B. Williams were put into the Thirteenth artillery. Fourteenth Artillery. — Of this, too, a portion was sent away before the enlistment was half completed, 200 being ordered off in July, 1863, to protect New York city against the hideous draft riots. On August 15 they returned and the regiment was mustered in by companies during the latter part of the year. Its first officers were : P^lisha G. Marshall, colonel; Clarence A. Corning, lieutenant- colonel ; William H. Reynolds, major; Job C. Hedges, adjutant. It consisted largely of veterans, many of the men recruited in Monroe county having been members of the " Old Thirteenth." Having served during its first win- ter as heavy artillery in the forts of New York harbor, it went into the field as infantry in April, 1864. Its first engagement was at Spottsyl- 102 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. vaiiia and its most brilliant achievement at Petersburg, where it stormed the breastworks and captured 300 prisoners, but in doing this Col. Marshall was wounded and Major Hedges was killed, being succeeded by Joseph P. Cleary. Fiftieth Engineers. — This was a regiment raised as the Fiftieth in- fantry, in 1 86 J, and afterward converted into an engineer regiment, its original numerical designation being retained — most absurdly, as there were only three engineer regiments from this state. One of the later companies, mustered into service in December, 1863, was recruited partially in Rochester. Besides the regiments named above, men from Monroe were in many others, so many that it would be difficult to trace out even those in which the number was quite ap[)reciable. All through the conflict the honor of the county was fully sustained by those of its sons who laid down their lives to save the country and b}' those who survived to en- joy the blessings of a more perfect Union. Those of our citizens who acquired the title of general were John H. Martindale, brigadier and brevetted major-general; Isaac F. Quinby, brigadier; Elisha G. Mar- shall and Charles J. Powers, both brevetted major-general. The follow- ing were brevetted brigadier- general : Harrison S. Fairchild, Charles FitzSimmons, W. H. Benjamin, John McMahon, Francis K. Pierce, Edmund M. Pope, Oliver H. Palmer, Elwell S Otis. The last named- entered the regular army as captain soon after the close of the war and rose in the service till he became brigadier-general. The organisations of the nation's defenders arc well represented in this county. There are twelve posts of the Grand Army of the Re- public, of which five are in the city — the O'Rorkc (which was the first in the state), the Peissner, the George H. Thomas, the C. J. Powers and the E. G Marshall — and seven in the villages — the Martindale post, in Spencerport; the Gates post, in Gates; the Goodrich post, in Churchville ; the Farr post, in Webster; the Slocum post, in Fairport; the Tyler post, in Pittsford ; the Cady post, in Brockport. These posts, together with various regimental and company organisa- tions, make up the First Veteran Brigade, which was formed in Janu- ary, 1879, for the specific purpose of maintaining the observance of Memorial day. The first commander was John A. Reynolds; the present commander is Henry S. Redman. A SKETCH OF ROCHESTER. BY WILLIAM F. PECK. CHAPTER I. THE GENESIS OF THE COMMUNITY. The One-Hundred-Aere Tract — Its Successive Owners — Purchased by Rouliester, Fitzhugh and Carroll — Sketch of Col. Rochester — Jeremiah Olmstead — Charles Harford — Enos Stone — The First White Child — The First Log Cabin — Hamlet Scrantom — Abelard Reynolds — The Postmasters— The Early Bridges — Business Enterprises— In- corporation of the Village— Its Officers — Its Population in Succeeding Years. In the first part of this work mention has been made of the One- hundred-acre tract. That tract, which forms the nucleus of Rochester, extends from a point on the river about four hundred feet south of Court street (or near the foot of the Erie railroad train -house) due west to a point near the corner of Spring street and Caledonia avenue, thence north to a point a little northwest of the corner of Center and Frank streets, thence due east to the river, striking it a little north of where the foot of Market street extended would be. Of all this land Indian Allan cleared only half an acre for the erection of the saw- mill and grist mill that were the first human structures in Rochester. On the 27th of March, 1792, he sold the tract, so far as he could do so, giving to Benjamin Barton, of Sussex county, New Jersey, a writing empower- ing him to call on Phelps and Gorham for a deed of the land which they had promised to give to Allan and which was described in the instru- ment as running " northerly from said mills sixty-three rods also south- erly of said sixty-three rods from thence turning westerly so as to make one hundred acres strict measure." There being no deed of this land 104 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. on record — and probably none was ever sii^ned — from Phelps and Gor- liam to Allan or Barton or anyone else, the document above-mentioned is the final source of title, which, probably, was strengthened, afterward, by guarantees in the various transfers. It is stated in the instrument that the price paid was iJ"500, New York currency, but that can hardly be so, for, if it were, tiie subsequent sales must have been made at a loss. Just before he sold the place, Allan installed his sister and her hus- band, Christopher Dugan, in the mills, and they were not disturbed in the course of change of title, as indeed the principal difficulty seems to have been to get anyone to live there, rent free, and to derive any toll from the mills. The Dugans, the second family living,- though not permanently, in Rochester, were very reputable people, in contrast to the Allans, who had preceded them. Christopher was in 1797 chosen one of the three pathmasters between the Genesee river and Lake Erie, while his wife, who had in early life been a governess in the family of Lord Stirling, was a woman of unusual cultivation, out of place in this unsettled region. December 24, 1793, Barton sold this One hundred- acre tract to Samuel B. Ogden, and he transferred it, November 29, 1794, to Charles Williamson, as manager of the Pulteney estate. Dugan tried to get Williamson to repair the mills, but in vain, so the family moved away, and when Aaron Burr came here in 1795, to look at the falls, there was not a human being living in the neighborhood. A man named Thompson and another named Sprague were occa- sionally put in charge of the mills, and in 1796 Williamson spent about $500 in improvements and induced Col. Josiah h'ish to undertake the ofiice of miller. Fish built three sides of a log house, using the stone ledge for the back wall, remained there six years and was followed by a son of Gideon King, who came from the landing. The saw- mill was swept away by a freshet in 1803, and the grist mill burned down in 1807, which was no loss, for the grinding-stones had been transferred before that by Salmon Fuller, the last occupant, to his own mill in Irondequoit. After many mutations of ownership the stones were brought to the city in 1861 and placed just south of the court-house, in 1873 they became the foundations for lamp-posts in front of the city hall, then just completed, and this year (1895) ^^^^Y "^^^^ imbedded in THE GENESIS OF THE COMMUNITY. 105 the wall of a corridor of the new court-house, with a suitable inscrip- tion placed beneath them by the Rochester Historical society. In 1800 three men came to the Genesee country, riding on horseback from their homes in Maryland, whence they had started on a leisurely prospecting tour, not in search of gold or other productions of the earth, but to find a new country in which to settle and bring up their families. They were all men of means, if not of great wealth, all were in middle life, all had acquired honorable distinction in the service of their country and all were citizens of influence in their community. They were Col. Nathaniel Rochester, Col. William Fitzhugh and Major Charles Carroll. Of the first and oldest of these, as the one for whom our city is named and who did much for its establishment, it is fitting that a few words should be said. Born in Westmoreland county, Vir- ginia, February 21, 1752, he passed his ten years from sixteen to twenty six at Hillsboro', in North Carolina, where, during the Revolu- tionary war, he was prominent in military and civic capacities, being a member of the constitutional convention of that state and of the legis- lature, together with service in the militia, rising till he became deputy commissary- general of military stores in North Carolina for the use of the Continental army, besides being commissioned to superintend a manufactory of arms for the same object. Five years after the war he went to Hagerstovvn, Md., where he remained in business till he re- moved to this region, holding, in the meantime, the offices of post- master, county judge, presidential elector, member of the legislature and first president of the Hagerstown bank. In 1810 he migrated to Dansville, now in Livingston county — the calvacade embracing his wife (born Sophia Beatty), five sons, five daughters, ten slaves, two family carriages and three wagons with household effects — where he built a saw-mill, a grist mill and the first paper mill in Western New York ; in 181 5 he sold that property and moved to his farm in East Bloomfield ; in i8i6hewas again a presidential elector; in 1821 he settled down, at last, in the village that bore his name, living at first on the corner of Exchange and Spring streets but a little later erecting and occupying the house still standing on the northeast corner of Washington and Spring streets; he was the first clerk of the county, in 1822 a mem- ber of the legislature, and in 1824, when the Bank of Rochester, the 14 IOC. LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. first in the village, was organised, he became its president ; he died May 17, 1831, universally respected by a circle that far exceeded the limits of his personal acquaintance. Messrs. Carroll and Fitzhugh moved to Livingston county a few years after Col. Rochester, but never came to the city to live ; the name of the latter is perpetuated in one of our oldest streets, but that of the former has long been blotted from the map in consequence of an unfortunate disagreement with the au- thorities over a question of riparian rights. These three men, after making extensive purchases further up the valley at the time of their first visit and in the following year, bought the Qne-hundred-acre tract in 1803 (not in 1802, as is stated in most histories), the contract being signed on November 8 of that year. The instrument, executed at Bath, was signed, as well as by the three pur- chasers, by John Johnston as attorney for Sir William Pulteney, John- ston having been substituted, temporarily, for Robert Troup, who had, in 1801, taken Col. Williamson's place as agent for the Pulteney estate. Seventeen dollars and a half per acre was to be paid, one- fifth in the following May, the remainder in four equal annual installments, but in spite of that the last payment was not made till 1808 and the deed was given in 181 1. The decadence of the mills has been noted above ; the settlement at the falls was obliterated and had to be begun anew, but, before that was done, a few other arrivals occurred in the vicinity. In 1798 or 1799 Jeremiah Olmstead moved to this locality and settled with his family in a cabin that had been built a year or two before that by a man named Farewell, on Lake avenue, near the present State Industrial school. Olmstead produced the first crops raised within the present limits of the city, and indeed he may be called, in a way, the first permanent white settler of Rochester ; though the name, of course, did not cover his residence till many years afterward Charles Harford, an English- man, having purchased an interest in the Twenty- thousand acre tract, came here in 1807 and erected a block house on State street, near the corner of Lyell avenue ; in the next year he built a mill on the same side of the river, just south of the high falls, and for as much as four years that did the grinding for all this region. Mention was made, in the sketch of the county, of Knos Stone, . • THE GENESIS OF THE COMMUNITY. 107 junior, who came here in 1790 but continued, with several visits to this country, to Hve in Lenox till March, 18 10, when lie came here to dwell on the east side of the river. He built, first, a log cabin, and then, in October, a larger house, on South St. Paul street, near Court — the lat- ter being the first frame dwelling erected within the present city lines — which still stands, inclosed within a more modern covering, on Elm street, whither it was moved several years afterward. During the in- terval between March and October his family lived with his brother Orange, near the " big rock and tree," on the Brighton road, and there, on May 4, 18 10, his son, James Stoddard Stone, was born, who died at Charlotte only three years ago and around whom two successive tradi- tions have clung, with a persistency that makes one despair of the truth of history. In every narrative, long and short, touching upon this region, published previously to twelve years ago, it has been stated that he was the first white child born in Rochester — meaning, of course, within the present limits of the city, for no one then thought of applying the term to that side of the river. But that honor, such as it is, belongs to the late Mrs. John F. Bush, the daughter of Isaac W. Stone. Her father, mentioned on a preceding page as the commander of our forces at Charlotte, purchased of Enos Stone (no relation) in 18 10 five acres on the corner of South St. Paul and Main streets, where he erected a frame house soon after Enos had built his; there he kept the first tavern in what is now the city, and there his daughter Mary was born, August 16, 181 1. After it had been shown, in a history of Rochester published eleven years ago, that James S. Stone was not born in that city at all, but in what is still the town of Brighton (and was then Boyle), it was written and printed and said in public addresses, from that day to this, that he was the first white child born in the county. Which is no more true than the other assertion. That initial infant was, as stated on a preceding page, the daughter of Peter Sheffer. After that a granddaughter of Gideon King was born at King's Landing in 1799 and one of Zadock Granger at the same place in 1800, while three or four Stones (children of Israel and Simon) and at least one Agate were born in Pittsford before the close of the century. After Col. Rochester moved to Dansville, he visited the falls every few weeks, surveying and laying out the lots himself, one-quarter of an "108 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. acre in each lot. As he was the one who did all the work, it was evi- dent to the two other owners, who were still living in the South, that the honor should be his also, and at their request his name was conferred upon the village that he was determined to have here. That was early in i8 1 I, before a single sale had been completed. On November i8 the title was passed from Sir William Pultcney, and two days later the first lot was sold, to Imios Stone, nominally for fifty dollars, but really the land was given to him to compensate him for his services as resi- dent agent. Fifty dollars was the price for some of the lots, thirty for more of them ; either was a low valuation, compared with other places, but the owner coupled with each sale the condition that a dwelling or a store- house should be erected within a year or the lot should revert to the grantor, with the forfeiture of the five dollars already paid. The third sale was of lot number one to Henry Skinner, of Geneseo, which brought $200, the highest price of any, for the lot was on the corner of Buffalo street — which was a part of the " new state road " — and Carroll street (now State) and was the site of the present Powers block. Ham- let Scrantom had come on from Durham, Connecticut, to settle in this country, and as he was stopping at Geneseo Mr. Skinner offered to build a house for him on the lot mentioned if he would occupy it and locate in the future village. The offer was accepted ; in May, 18 12, the house was completed — the first dwelling in what was even then called Roch- ester — built of logs, to be sure, but well roofed with slabs from linos Stone's saw-mill across the river. Into it the Scrantoms moved at once^ living there for a year or more and then building a house for themselves on a lot which they had bought nearer the river. One of the sons of this first family of Rochester was Edwin, a prolific writer of fugitive pieces on pioneer history, and another was Hamlet D., who became mayor of the city. The only one who could compete with Mr. Scrantom for priority of settlement in the One-hundred-acre tract was Abelard Reynolds, who came on here from Pittsfield, Massachusetts, in April, 181 2; bought two lots where the Arcade now stands, contracted with mechanics to build a two-story frame house for him, returned to Pittsfield, found there waiting for him an appointment as postmaster of Rochester,^ came ' Since there was only one family then livinjj here, it niij^ht seem that the establishment of a post-otlice was in the nature of an official jest, but Col. Rochester was in earnest about the luatter THE GENESIS OF THE COMMUNITY. 109 back here in the autumn and put up a smaller house on his other lot; then, in February, 1813, he moved his family — consisting of his wife, his son William A., and his sister-in-law, Huldah M. Strong — from Pittsfield to their new home, and there Mortimer F., his second son, was born on December 2, 1 8 14, the first white child born in what was then Rochester. After Abelard Reynolds recovered from the universal fever and ague, which prostrated him for the first six months of his resi- dence here, he carried on the business of a saddler and for some years opened his house as a tavern Neither occupation at all interfered with his duties as postmaster, and he held that position for nineteen years, longer than any of his successors, who were the following ; John B. Elwood, 1829; Henry O'Reilly, 1838; Samuel G. Andrews, 1842; Henry Campbell, 1845 ; Darius Perrin, 1849; Hubbard S. Allis, 1 853 ; Nicholas E. Paine, 1858; Scott W. Updike, 1861; John W. Stebbins, 1867; Edward M. Smith, 1871 ; Daniel T. Hunt, 1875; Valentine Fleckenstein, 1887; Henry S. Hebard, 1890; John A. Reynolds, 1890; George H.Perkins, 1894. This opening year of 1812, though it saw but little growth at the falls, gave promise of what should be speedily in the future. In the first place, the bridge across the river was completed. Three years be- fore that, it had been petitioned for, and the legislature had received the request with shouts of derision, saying that only muskrats would go across the bridge after it was built. Finally, however, it dawned upon the legislators that, even though there were no settlers just at that spot, it might be well to have some means of transit for emigration on the new state road, without which accommodation travelers had to go to Avon for the nearest bridge or run the risk of drowning if they at- tempted to ford the river. So the bill was passed in 18 10 and the bridge was built in two years, at a cost of 5^i2.ooo, divided equally be- tween the counties of Ontario and Genesee. It was more of a stimulus than the erection of a hundred houses would have been, for it was a pledge of permanence, but its own durability was not great and it had to be replaced in 1824 by another, far better, built by Elisha Johnson at a cost of $6,000, paid by the county. Connected with this was a and he got the office created and the officer appointed through the influence of his old Hagerstown partner, Thomas Hart, whose daughter was married to Henry Clay. 110 LANDMARKS OP MONROE COUNTY. market, built at a right angle to it, in 1827, and extending over the water of the river. Buildings were erected, a few years later, on both sides of the bridge, and these, occupied as stores, stood there till the structure was taken down in 1857. It may be as well to make, in this connection, a statement of the other river bridges within the city, except those that are now standing, which will be mentioned in another place. In 18 19 a toll bridge was thrown across by Messrs. Andrews, Atwater and Muiiiford, a little south of the present Central avenue, at a street put down on the early maps as Bridge street, but since then closed up on both sides ; it lasted only about ten years and was never replaced ; it must iiave been a perilous crossing, for when the Duke of Saxe Weimar came to the village in 1827, to see the falls, he hastily withdrew as he was about to set his foot on the structure, remarking that he had a wife and children at home. In 1823 the first aqueduct for the P.rie canal was completed, at a cost of $83,000; its west end was on the same spot with that of the present one, while its eastern termination was a few rods north of where this turns southward ; it was built of red sandstone, with coping and pilasters of gray limestone ; the blocks at the bases of the piers were trenailed to the solid rock, in which they were sunk, and each column was so cramped and cemented as to present the strength of a sinole piece; it was 804 feet long, built on eleven arches. In 1826 a bridge was built at Court street, by private enterprise, the same persons cutting the street through to the Pittsford road and at the same time erecting the Rochester House on the southwest corner of Exchange street and the canal, in order to draw travel in that direction ; another bridge was built there in 1858, costing $12,000, which was partly torn away by the flood of 1865, but after its repair it stood until the present viaduct was erected. The first Andrews street bridge was laid down in 1838, by private capital ; its successor, constructed of iron in 1857, cost $12,000 and stood for thirty-six years. Mount Hope having been dedicated in 1838, the first Clarissa street bridge was built two years later to serve as an avenue to the cemetery ; it was of wood, with high partition walls between the roadway and the foot-paths and still higher walls outside of the latter ; the second, far better, was constructed in 1862, costing $15,000. THE GENESIS OF THE COMMUNITY. HI The second year of the settlement saw the opening of the first store, built by Silas O. Smith and conducted by Ira West ; the first school in the neighborhood was begun, in Enos Stone's barn, by Huldah M. Strong, who afterward married Dr. Jonah Brown ; the Fitzhugh and Carroll race was opened on the west side ; Francis Brown, Matthew Brown, junior, and Thomas Mumford started a rival settlement just north of this, calling it Frankfort, after the first named, and three years later they finished a mill canal from the head of the high falls, which has been called Brown's race ever since. It was these water privileges, together with that of the Johnson and Seymour race on the east side, with the dam across the river, both made in 1817 at an expense of $12,000, that laid the foundations for Rochester's swift prosperity, the " red mill " being put up by the Elys and Josiah Bissell, on the west side, in 181 5 (the first building here of any magnitude), a cotton factory in the same year and the "yellow mill," by William Atkinson, on the east side, two years later. The first wedding, that of Jehiel Barnard and Delia, daughter of Hamlet Scrantom, occurred October 8, 1815, in a house on Brown street, near State. The first religious society (Presbyterian) was organised in 181 5, Rev. Comfort Williams was in- stalled as pastor the next year and the church was erected in 18 17, on the west side of State street, where the little gray stone building stands that was used as a banking-house by many successive corpora- tions. By that time Rochester had become a compact community, far out- reaching its original limits within the lines of the One-hundred acre tract and embracing, by ties of identical interest, the hamlet of Frank- fort on the north and that of Brighton on the other side of the river. By an act of the legislature passed April 21, 18 17, the village of Rochesterville was incorporated, on the west side of the river, though its confines soon became too restricted, as trade expanded in all directions. It lay wholly within the town of Gates till Brighton was annexed to it in 1823. The name selected was unfortunate, so distasteful to the inhabitants that it was seldom used even at the beginning and in 1822 it was exchanged for the simple form of Rochester. At the village election, held on the 5th of May, five trustees were elected — Francis Brown, Daniel Mack, William Cobb, Everard Peck and Jehiel 112 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Barnard. F"rancis Brown was the first president of the village, his suc- cessors being Matthew Brown, junior, John W. Strong, Elisha Johnson, Joseph IMedbery, Nathaniel Rossiter, Jacob Thorn and h^ietcher M. Haight. At the time of its incorporation the village contained about seven hundred people, for the first census, taken in 1815, gave a popu- lation of 331, and the next, in 18 18, showed that it had grown to 1,049. Successive enumerations since then have been as follows : 1820 — 1,502 ; 1822 — 2,700; 1825 — in February 4,274, in August 5,273; 1826 — 7,669; 1830—10,863; 1834—12,252; 1835 — 14,404; 1840—20,191; 1845—26,965; 1850—36,403; 1855—43,877; 1860—48,204; 1865— 50,940; 1870—62,386; 1875—81,722; 1880—89,363; 1890—133,896; 1892 — 145,684. The present population (in 1895) is probably a little over 160,000. CHAPTKR II. VILLAGE LIFE. The Newspapers of Rochester — The Gazette and the Telegraph— The Principal Journals to the Present Time — German Newspapers — Sunday Journals — \'illaie canal was finished, commerce began upon it A preliminary survey was made through the village in September, 1819, the ditch was dug by sections, as described in a previous chapter, and on the 29th of October, 1822, the first canal boat left Rochester for Little P^alls, laden with flour. Pearly in 1825 the piece immediately west of here was so far finished that on June 7, of that year, Lafayette came on a boat from Lockport and was welcomed by the entire popula- tion, a staging having been erected over the aqueduct, from which VILLAGE LIFE. 119 William B. Rochester delivered an address, after which the nation's guest, having been escorted through the streets by the villagers, was entertained at dinner at the Mansion House, kept by John G Christo- pher. On the 27th of October the local celebration connected with the completion of the entire canal took place, all the uniformed militia turning out as the squadron of boats from Buffalo appeared in sight ; the entrance to the aqueduct being guarded by a vessel called the Young Lion of the West, the approaching fleet was halted and a pre- arranged colloquy ensued between those on board of that craft and the officials on the Seneca Chief, the leading boat of the procession, after which they all entered Child's basin, at the end of the aqueduct, where congratulations were formally tendered by Gen. Vincent Mathews, on behalf of Rochester, and John C. Spencer for Canandaigua ; all then adjourned to the First Presbyterian church, where Timothy Childs de- livered an oration; the proceedings closed with the inevitable banquet at the Mansion House, where Gov. De Witt Clinton and Lieut. -Gov. Tallmadge offered the principal toasts. The rapid growth of transportation may be judged by a list given in the Daily Advertiser of October 24, 1826, of the canal commerce of the day before, in which twenty-two vessels arrived and twenty de- parted, most of them being in both lists ; the articles brought here were of all kinds of merchandise, while those carried away consisted largely of flour and of potash, the manufacture of whicii was a specialty* with the farmers, and occasionally a cargo of rattlesnakes, destined for the European markets. So much were the church- going people an- noyed by the blowing of horns and bugles by the captains of outgoing and incoming vessels on Sunday that a village ordinance was passed in 1827, forbidding the distracting melody on that day; a few years later a line of Sabbath- keeping boats was established, and shortly afterward, in connection therewith, the Pioneer line of stages, with the same de- vout object in view. Travel was maintained on the canal from the beginning, the easy passage of the boats rendering it a favorite mode of locomotion for those with plenty of time on their hands and who had no objection to spending two weeks, which was the usual time, in going to New York; at a later period the Red Bird line of packets, with excellent sleeping 120 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. quarters and good meals, came into operation and for a long term they held a high place in the estimation of those whose journeyings were for pleasure rather than for business. But for those whose time was pre- cious and whose preference was for a more rapid conveyance another means was provided, the swiftness of whose flight may be appreciaced. In the journalistic issue mentioned above is the announcement of three daily lines of coaches, starting from the regular Mail and Pilot coach office, opposite the Eagle Tavern (which stood on the present site of the l\)wers block and was then kept by Russell luiswortli), the vehicle for Albany being guaranteed to arrive at the capital in three days, while that for Buffalo was promised to get to its destination on the very day of its departure, though it had to leave at 3 in the morning to do it; the coach for Olean, however, notwithstanding the fact that it started at the same bewitching hour, was compelled to " sleep " at Hor- nelhville (as the advertisement had it), reaching its objective point on the following day. Charles J. Hill built the first brick house in the village — on the west side of F"itzhugh street, between Spring and Troup — in 182 i, and from that time there was a steady increase in the erection of private dwell- ings, churches and commercial structures. As trade advanced, as the merchants set up new shops, as flouring- mills multiplied and grain was brought here in immense quantities, the demand for banking facilities became urgent. As early as 18 17, in the very year of the incorpora- tion of the village, application was made to the legislature for a bank charter by Harvey Montgomery and others, and the request was re- newed si.x years later, but the demand, reasonable as it was, was rejected, through the selfishness and greed of the Ontario bank, at Canandaigua, and two smaller concerns at Geneva and Batavia, all of which grew rich by discounting the bills of our merchants On Febru- ary 19, 1824, a charter was finally granted to the Bank of Rochester, with Matthew Brown, Nathaniel Rochester, Elisha B. Strong, Samuel Works, h^nos Pomeroy and Levi Ward as incorporators, the capital be- ing fixed at $250,000. A. M. Schermerhorn was its cashier, John T. Talman its teller; Colonel Rochester was its first president, but he retired within a few months and was succeeded by Elisha B. Strong, he by Levi Ward, and he by James Seymour; the location was on Ex- Ci4H-t' vx<^!6^^^'^/^^<^t,^^^^^^'«--) VILLAGE LIFE. 121 change street, where the Bank of Monroe now stands ; the charter of the bank, once renewed, expired in 1846 and its affairs were tlien wound up. There was one other financial institution in the village, the liank of Monroe, organised in 1829, with a capital of $300,000; its successive presidents were A. M. Schermerhorn, Alexander Duncan, Moses Cha- pin and James K. Livingston; its location was on the present site of the Powers banking house;, its charter expired in 1849. In 1826 a mysterious affair occurred in this vicinity which stirred tiie hearts of the community to their depths, causing more dissensions and having a more wide-reaching effect than any other event connected with this region. Early in 181 7 Wells lodge of Free Masons was instituted in the little settlement; on March 23, 1819, Hamilton Royal Arch chapter was installed here, and in June, 1826, Monroe encampment of Knights Templars was organised, these events indicating the rapid growth of the order in numbers and influence. Among its members was William Morgan, at first a resident of Rochester, though he had removed to Batavia before he became prominent by the announcement that he was writing a book to reveal the secrets of Freemasonry. In- tense excitement was roused by this, and Morgan was subjected to all kinds of treatment calculated to make him forego his purpose ; all failed, and an attempt to burn the printing-office in which the book was being put in type was equally abortive. Finally he was arrested for petty larceny and taken to Canandaigua, where the offense was alleged* to have been committed ; once there, the charge was dismissed but he was immediately re-arrested and imprisoned for a debt of two dollars, which he admitted ; the next night four men came to the place and paid the debt, with the costs, after which they seized Morgan as he was leaving the jail and threw him into a carriage, which drove rapidly away ; he was never seen in public again. Indictments for the abduction of Morgan were found by the grand jury of Ontario county against four persons, three of whom pleaded guilty, although they had before that engaged several of the most emi- nent lawyers in the state as their counsel. The carriage containing the prisoner was traced to Rochester, where it was driven down to the old Steamboat Hotel at Hanford's Landing, whence it took the Ridge road for Lewiston, where, as seemed to be shown by the evidence brought 16 122 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. out at subsequent judicial trials, he was taken across the Niagara river into Canada ; so strongly was this indicated that Governor Clinton, himself a Mason and the highest authority in the order in the United States, wrote to the Earl of Dalhousie. the governor of Lower Cauda, stating the known facts in the case and asking for the hberation of Mor- gan if he could be found, but nothing further was learned in the matter. Morgan's fate was never known, except to those who decreed it and those who executed the decree, but the most prevalent belief has always been that he was brought back from Canada, secreted for some time and then drowned in the Niagara river. That the great body of the Masonic fraternity were not only innocent of the conspiracy but abso- lutely ignorant of its existence, no one has now the slightest doubt, but in that unhappy time the charge of general knowledge, if not participation, was widely credited ; Rochester was the very center of the anti-Masonic fury, and Timothy Childs was twice elected to Congress from this district as an Anti Mason ; so great was the hostility to the order that all the lodges in Western New York, with the commendable object of allaying the turmoil, surrendered their charters to the grand lodge and it was not till 1845 ^^^^^ Masonry revived here and acquired a stronger position than it had possessed before in this community. Besides the act of 1822, changing the name of the village, a far more important one was passed on the lOth of April, 1823, by which the village of Brighton, whose interests were always identical with those of Rochester, was annexed to the latter. The law provided that the inhabitants of the territory thus annexed should have all the rights, privileges and immunities enjoyed by those living in the original part of Rochester, but all the moneys assessed upon the new inhabitants for the improve- ment of streets were to be applied only to streets in what was previ- ously Brighton, and vice versa. Perhaps this peculiar adjustment of taxation was found to work inharmoniously ; certainly no other plausi- ble conjecture can account for the passage of another act three years later, to the very day, incorporating the village of Rochester, as though no such village had ever been heard of before, extending materially the limits on the east side and in a less degree those on the west, but giv- ing, queerly enough, the description of the territory not by metes and bounds but simply by including enumerated lots, the numbers being VILLAGE LIFE. 123 considered, probably, sufficiently descriptive. The second section of this act divided the new village into five wards, the first ward covering almost the same area that it occupies now, the second lying north and west of it, the third south of the first and second, the other wards on the east side of the river, the fourth being south of Main street, the fifth north of it. Directories were not issued every year in those days, and the first that appeared in Rochester was in 1827, bearing the imprint of its publica- tion by Elisha Ely, from the printing-house of Everard Peck. It con- tained the names of all the male inhabitants over fifteen years old, divided into two lists — first, the householders, alphabetically arranged under the initial letter of the surname but divided into wards under that letter; second, the boarders, all grouped in like manner, followed by a summary of the principal occupations, from which it appears that, be- sides those who were laborers simply, the largest number were carpen- ters, of whom there were three hundred and four, with one hundred and twenty- four shoemakers, ninety-five masons, and so on. The little book gives in compact form a statement of the principal events in the village up to that time and a list of the societies of all kinds then in ex- istence, together with statistics concerning trade and commerce, and information regarding travel, such as the rates of fare on the canal. These were, on the freight boats, one and a half cents a mile, exclusive of board, for which there was an extra charge of about fifty cents a dayf while on the packets, designed for passengers only, the rate was about four cents a mile, including all expenses, the tariff on stage travel being three and a half cents a mile Ordinances are given for the orderly government of the place — many of which related to the prevention of fires, such as the regulation that fireplaces of every description must be kept in good repair so as to be safe, the penalty for neglect being ten dollars, and must be cleaned every three months, under a fine of five dollars, while at least one fire bucket must be kept in each house and all bell-ringers must ring on an alarm of fire, or pay five dollars — and for the good behavior of the people, such as the prohibition of the keeping of billiard tables for gaming and of nine- pin alleys for any purpose whatever, under a penalty of five dollars a day for each offense, all of which shows that the village was well conducted. 124 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. The regulations alluded to call for some mention of a department that seems indispensable for the preservation of civilised communal life. At the' village election of 1817 five fire wardens were chosen to enforce the ordinances and to form, after conflagrations had begun, the line of citizens who were to pass the buckets. This being soon per- ceived to be inadequate, a fire company was created in the following year, of which Daniel Mack was the foreman and the members of which were the most prominent villagers, one of whom, Charles J. Hill, lived till 1883. An engine was purchased, into which water had to be poured from buckets, but, poor as it was, it did duty alone for seven years, being housed first on the court-house square and afterward on Aqueduct street. In 1824 the sum of fifty dollars was voted for one or more ladders, to be placed on wheels; in 1825 $470 was paid for a new engine and $100 appropriated for its house, located in Bugle alley, where the Corinthian Academy of Music now stands. In the following year, at the time of the re- incorporation of the village, a more regular organisation of a volunteer fire department was effected, consisting of two engine companies ("^tna " and "Torrent") and a hook and ladder company (" Pidncer "), with Samuel Works as chief engineer; a new machine was soon bought, which was given to one of the original associations, while a new company, then formed in Frank- fort under the title of " Red Rover," had to be content, at first, with the little old concern, built ten years before, and all the department turned out for its first inspection, in " Mumford meadow," in October, 1828; in 1 83 1 " Cataract " number 4 and " Rough and Ready " num- ber 5 were formed, with " Protection " number 6 in 1833 Sam Patch, after jumping into the Niagara river from a pro- jecting rock more than half the height of the great cataract, made his fatal leap over the Genesee falls on the 13th of November, 1829; his bones were broken upon his striking the water, and his body was not found until the following spiing, when it was buried at Charlotte. In the same year Joseph Smith, a youth not then known to fame, applied to Tlnirlow Weed, who was then issuing the Rochester Telegraph, to print for him an inspired book which Smith had copied from golden tablets found by him in the woods in Wayne county, but Mr. Weed declined the ofifer and the first edition of the Mormon Bible was printed at Palmyra in the following year. JUNIUS JUDSON. VILLAGE LIFE. 125 In 1832 the cholera appeared here for the first time; its approach had been heralded and Dr. Ward, Dr. Coleman, Dr. Reid, Kverard Peck and Ashbel W. Riley were appointed a board of health ; Dr. Coleman went to Montreal, where the malady was then prevalent, to learn the accepted mode of treatment ; all possible precautions were taken, the physicians did everything in their power to stay the ravages of the disease, and Dr. McPherson came in from Scotlsville to devote himself wholly to the cause, but nothing seemed to do the slightest good ; one hundred and eighteen died of the plague during the sum- mer and General Riley, who had given himself up to the work, put eiglity of them into their coffins with his own hands. In 1 834 the pestilence came again and fifty-four were carried off" by it ; a third time in 1849, when one hundred and sixty deaths resulted, and still again in 1852, when over four hundred (it is not known exactly how many) perished, the scourge being fatal to more than half of those who were smitten by it. As all things grow, Rochester outgrew its village condition, and on April 28, 1834, the act of incorporation of the city of Rochester, con- taining its charter, was passed. This action was not premature, for the the population and the volume of business fully warranted it. The number of inhabitants was 12,289, there were thirteen hundred houses, fourteen churches or meeting-houses, nine hotels — the Eagle, the Roches- . ter. the Clinton, the Mansion, the Monroe, the Arcade, the Franklin,* the City and the Rensselaer — ten newspapers (so called) and two banks ; in the previous year $290,000 had been invested in mills and flouring machinery, $1,413,000 paid for wheat, barrels, etc , and 300,000 barrels of flour manufactured ; $157,000 had in that year been put into cotton and woolen mills, $31,000 invested in leather and skins. $25,000 in boat building, and so on, nearly $2,000,000 of merchandise had been sold and one-sixth of all the canal tolls in the state had been received here. The corporation was organised by the election of a board ot aldermen, consisting of Lewis Brooks for the first ward, with John Jones as assistant; Thomas Kempshall for the second, Elijah F. Smith assistant ; Frederick F. Backus for the third, Jacob Thorn assistant ; A. W. Riley for the fourth, Lansing B. Swan assistant; Jacob Graves for the fifth, Henry Kennedy assistant; this common council selected the 126 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. following officers: Jonathan Child, mayor; Vincent Mathews, attor- ney and counsel ; Samuel Works, superintendent ; E. F. Marshall, treasurer; John C. Nash, clerk; William H. Ward, chief engineer. Mayor Child was inaugurated on tlie lothof June, and each year there- after his successor was elected by the board of aldermen until 1841, when he was chosen by the people and has been so ever since. It may be as well to give in this place a list of the successors of these officers, except of the city attorneys, who will be found in anotiier part of this work. The mayors have been : Jacob Gould, in 1835-36 ; A. M. Schcrmer- horn and Thomas Kempshall (in place of Schermerhorn, resigned), 1837; Elisha Johnson, 1838; Thomas H. Rochester, 1839; Samuel G. Andrews, 1840; Elijah E.Smith, 1841 ; Charles J. Hill, 1842; Isaac Hills 1843; John Allen. 1844; William Pitkin, 1845-46; John B. Elwood, 1847; Joseph Eield, 1848; Levi A. Ward, 1849; Samuel Richardson, 1850; Nicholas E. Paine, 185 1 ; Hamlin Stilwell. 1852; John Williams, 1853; Maltby Strong, 1854; Charles J. Hayden, 1855; Samuel G.Andrews, 1856; Rufus Keeler, 1857; Charles H. Clark, 1858; S. W. D. Moore, 1859 and 1866; Hamlet D. Scrantom, i860; John C. Nash, 1861 ; Michael Filon, 1862; Nehemiah C. Bradstreet, 1863; James Brackett 1864; D. D. T. Moore, 1865 ; Henry L. Fish, 1867-68; Edward M. Smith, 1869; John Lutes, 1870; Charles W. Briggs, 1871 ; A. Carter Wilder (two years' term after this), 1872; George G. Clarkson, 1874; Cornelius R. Parsons, 1876-89; William Carroll, 1890; Richard Curran. 1892; George W. Aldridge, 1894; Merton E. Lewis, acting mayor, 1895, Aldridge having been appointed superintendent of public works of the state. Of the city treasurers, after E. F Marshall, who held the office again in 1838, there have been Theodore Sedgwick, in 1835 ; Erasmus D. Smith, 1836; W. P:. Lathrop, 1837 and 1859; P:ben N. Bucll, 1839- 42; James M, P^ish, 1843-44; Hiram Wright, 1845-46; Matthew G. Warner, 1847; Clarence H. Sweet, 1848; Elbert W. Scrantom (term two years then), 1849; Charles M. St. John, 1851-54; P. M. Bromley, 1855; Abram Karnes, 1857; Thomas Hawks, 1861 ; Christopher T. Amsden, 1863; Harvey P. Langworthy, 1 865-70 ; John Williams, 1871-74; George D. Williams, 1875-80; Ambrose McGlachlin, 1880- VILLAGE LIFE. 127 84; John A. Davis, 1885-90; Valentine Fleckenstein, 1890; Samuel B. Williams, 1891 to the present time. The city clerks who succeeded Mr. Nash have been Ariel Wentworth, 1835; ^ G Buchan, 1836; J.W.Gilbert, 1837; Isaac R. Ehvood, 1838; T. B. Hamilton, 1839; W. R. Montgomery, 1839 ; J- A. East- man, 1842 ; A. S. Beers, 1843 i Chauncey Nash, 1845 ; James S. Tryon, 1846; H. L. Winants, 1848; Newell A Stone, 1849 and 1861 ; John N. Drummond, 1850; E. B. Shepardson, 1851; Washington Gibbons, 1852, C, N. Simmons, 1856-58 and 1862; Francis S. Raw, 1859; B. Frank Enos, 1864; Richard H. Schooley, 1868 ; William F. Morrison, 1870; Edward x^ngevine, 1876; Lucius M. Mandeville, 1880; James T. McMannis, 1881 ; Frank N. Lord, 1883; Peter Sheridan, 1885; Henry W. Gregg, 1892 ; Theodore S. Pulver, 1895. After Mr. Ward the chief engineers were Theodore Chapin, Alfred Judson, P. W. Jennings, A. J. Langworthy, George W. Parsons, T. B. Hamilton, S. M. Slierman, James Cowles, William H. Sprung, Zachariah Weaver, George B. Harris, John McMuUen, P. H. Sullivan, Wendel Bayer, Law S. Gibson, Samuel Bemish and James Malcolm, the present chief. As superintendent of the city, Mr. Works was succeeded by Kilian H. Van Rensselaer, Theodore Chapin and Pardon D. Wright; the ofifice was abolished after a few years. 128 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY A CHAPTER III. CITY LIFE. Changes in the Charter — Extension of the Limits — The City Fire Department — The Volunteer System — Change to the Paid Department — Notable Fires — Amusements — Early Theaters— The Museum— Corinthian Hall— Early Schools— Thp Old High School — Catholic Schools — The Free Academy — Early Burying-Grounds — Mt. Hope — Catholic Cemeteries — Railroads — The Tonawanua— The Auburn & Rochester — The New York Central and Others — The Carthage Road — The First Telegraph — The Western Union and Speculation therein — The Patriot War — The Mexican War — The Civil War — Anti-SUvery and the Underground Railroad — The Rochester Knockings — Disastrous Floods — Water Works — Our Semi-Centennial. By its original charter in 1834 the city covered about four thousand acres, the same ground tliat was embraced within its limits for the next forty years, except for the addition that was made in 1836. John C. Spencer, in spite of his hostihty to the erection of Monroe county in 1 82 1, had been selected to draw this act of incorporation, and his char- acteristic of accuracy precludes the possibility of his having made a mis- take in describing the limits of the city, so that in all likelihood he had been directed to follow tlie general line that excluded all land then used for agricultural purposes. The eastern boundary was quite irregular, starting on the Ridge road, thence with many sharp turns getting on to what is now Alexander street and following that till it reached the Pitts- ford road (now P^ast avenue), up which it passed till it arrived at Good- man street, along which it pursued its way to the southern limits. To remedy an apparent omission and to straighten in part the eastern boundary line, an act was passed April 19, 1836, the first section of which is here given, as showing an utter absence of legal phraseology and interesting from the fact that this extension and subsequent com- prehension have never, so far as is known to the writer, appeared be- fore in any sketch or history of the city. The section is as follows: "The boundaries of the city of Rochester are hereby extended so as /^U{iJTZ(, CITY LIFE. 129 to include within the limits thereof the hum of William Pitkin, situate in the town of Brighton, and also all the land lying between said Pit kin's farm and the eastern boundary of said city." The " farm " thus alluded to, which comprised just one hundred acres and was afterward exchanged by Mr. Pitkin for a lot on South Washing- ton street, was not as speedily built up as some other parts of the city, but it became long since completely occupied and a part of it now con- sists of the university grounds. Having had a taste of amending the charter, the people kept on with the pernicious habit and have continued it to the present day, but few of the amendments need be mentioned here. The distinction be- tween aldermen and assistant aldermen was abolished after four years of trial, and from 1838 two aldermen were chosen from each ward till 1877, since when one has been found sufificient. In 1874 the area was increased by the acquisition of territory that nearly trebled its dimen- sions, the land that was added on the west being formed into the fif- teenth ward, that on the east into the sixteenth. A few additions have been made since then, but of no magnitude except as to the parks, which will be mentioned later. This did not, however, prevent an in- crease in the number of the wards, in order to overcome the power of the town members in the board of supervisors ; in 1892 the boundary lines of the wards were so changed as to make twenty of them, instead of sixteen, but the demarcation was governed by political partisanship' and the projectors of the enterprise were overwhelmed at the polls at the following election ; much of the resentment against them was owing to the wanton alteration that had been made in the designations (except in the case of the first ward) of the five wards antedating the city's life by eight years, though the boundaries were practically un- touched ; two years later the rights of sentiment and tradition asserted themselves, and the historic wards received back their ancient titles. The thread of the fire department, like a length of hose, may be taken up at this point, the change from village to city making but little differ- ence except to give the chief engineer a second assistant in addition to the one that he had before. An engine, tub and hose company, two bucket companies and another for hose alone were soon formed, and in 1838 " Storm 7 " blew into existence, a tumultuous combination that 17 130 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. did not contribute to the quiet of the Third ward. It was disbanded again and again, but in i86l it was large enough to furnish from its own ranks a full company, officers and men, for the " Old Thirteenth "; its record in the war was not wholly creditable, for its turbulent spirit made it insubordinate and many of its members were court-martialed and sent to the Dry Tortugas. " Osceola 8 " was the next and *' Champion 9 " was the last engine company under the volunteer system. Connecting that system with the new were two companies that sprang into being in 1858, after the general disbandment of the old department — the Protectives, organised for the preservation of property during and after fires, and the Alert hose company, to which was ad- ded, ten years later, Active hose company number 2, for the east side, as the others were on the west. These three were wholly volunteer companies, their services being gratuitous and the city paying only a part of their expenses for buildings and apparatus, while they acted in friendly rivalry with each other and in entire harmony with the paid department. This was fully organised in 1862, after an indefinite state of affairs for four years, during which two steam fire engines were brought to the city in P^ebruary, 1 861, and worked so well that six have been added since then. After the introduction of the Holly water works in 1874 the attendance of steamers at ordinary fires in the center of the city was dispensed with till recently, the pressure being considered sufficient, but that plan has been given up and now not less than two steamers turn out at every alarm, while four respond to the call of the central boxes. The three volunteer companies were disbanded a short time ago, the Protectives being succeeded by a sack and bucket company, which, though the old name still clings to it, is now a portion of the regular department. A valuable adjunct to the service is the fire alarm telegraph, which was introduced in 1869, the superintendent being B. F. Blackall from the beginning till 1881, when he was succeeded by Charles R. Barnes, who still holds the position. The Firemen's Benev- olent association was organised in 1835 and incorporated in 1837, "ts object being to provide a fund for the relief of widows and orphans of firemen and for disabled members of the department ; from that day to this it has carried out admirably the purposes of its formation. CITY LIFE. 131 Of fires in Rochester, the first one recorded was on December 5, 1819, when the office of the Ga.zette was destroyed, and the first fatality at a fire was on December 21, 1827, at the burning of Everard Peck's paper mill on South Water street, when Thomas M. Rathbun, of the hook and ladder company, was killed by a falling chimney. On February 2, 1844, the old Mansion House, on State street, was de- stroyed ; May 2, 1846, the old stone block built by Hervey Ely in 18 17, where the Elwood building now stands, was burned; in July, 1847, Grace church (built as St. Paul's and standing on the site of the present edifice) was consumed ; April 29, 1853, the Rochester House, on Ex- change street, extending from the canal to Spring street, was burned, with four of the domestics; January 24, 1854, the Blossom House, on the northeast corner of Main and St. Paul, went up in flames — a long fire, the mercury falling to zero during its progress, so that men and machines were almost encased in ice; November 21, 1857, the Eagle bank block, where the Wilder building now stands, was destroyed, two firemen losing their lives; on the night of August 17, 1858, a blaze started in a livery stable on Minerva alley and the sun rose on the ruins of five blocks, twenty stores, Minerva hall and the Third Presbyterian church, everything on the south side of Main street, from St. Paul to Stone, being swept away ; the Unitarian church, on Fitzhugh street, was burned November 10, 1859; the Second Baptist just a month later, the Bethel church, on South Washington street, November 24, 1861,' Washington hall (where the Second Baptist had stood) May 4, 1867, three firemen perishing in the flames; St. Peter's (Presbyterian) church March 17, 1868 ; the Democrat office and most of the old Eagle Hotel block December 19 in the same year; the First Presbyterian church May 2, 1869; the opera house November 6 of that year, the old Hervey Ely mill, at the east end of the aqueduct, November 26, 1870, and tiie " Beehive," at the west end (the old mill of E. S. Beach and Thomas Kempshall, built in 1827 and used after 1865 for miscellaneous manu- factures), April 7, 1880. Those were the most notable fires up to eleven years ago ; those since then will be mentioned in the chronological record of events Public sentiment in the early days of Rochester was decidedly ad- verse to dramatic representation. The directory of 1827 remarks: 132 LANDMARKS OP MONROE COUNTY. " The theater is situated on Carroll street, a few rods north of Buffalo street. It is open but part of tlie season, the company of per- formers not being permanently settled here and only exhibiting a few weeks at a time. Of the influence of theatrical exhibitions upon the habits and morals of a young community it does not become us to speak, but we are constrained to say that the character of the per- formances at this theater has not generally been such as reflects credit upon the taste of our citizens." These observations are preceded immediately by a description of a sulphur bathing establishment on BufTalo street, near Washington, the advantages of which are said to be that "it consists of a bar-room, a ladies' drawing-room and bathing- rooms " The incongruity in the standards of morality thus displayed is further exemplified by the devout thankfulness expressed in Henry 0'Reill)''s " Sketches of Western New York," published in 1838, that " neither theater nor circus can now be found in Rochester," while then, before and afterward, the little press teemed with enticing lottery advertisements which at this day would ex- clude the newspapers from the mails, though at that time the system was patronised by the religious and was keeping thousands in hopeless poverty. Apart from occasional concerts, the first source of amuse- ment in Rochester may be said to have consisted in a museum opened in tile Eagle Tavern in January, 1821, where thirty- four wax figures were displayed with a representation of the duel between Commodores Barron and Decatur. But this must have been short-lived, and so was the circus, in a frame building on Exchange street, where the jail now stands. In 18-5 the Rochester museum was opened by J. R. Bishop on Exchange street, on the present site of the Smith & Perkins building • some years later a large room in connection therewith was used for dramatic performances, but that was only transient, while the museum itself, with its attraction of wax figures, persisted till 1852. Two theaters were established in 1826 — one, which opened on April 8, three months before it came to an end, with Richard III., probably the first Shakespearean play given here, was on Buffalo street, where the Young Men's Catholic association building now stands ; the other dramatic temple, which lasted longer, being the place alluded to in the directory of 1827, was on the west side of State street, nearly opposite Market; i^ ^:^/2-^-^^^^^^^ CITY LIFE. 133 it may have endured for a year or two, no one can tell just how long, for the newspapers advertised the stage only by denouncing it as " a noisome sink of immorality," and a proffered benefit for the Female Charitable society was rigidly declined, though one might think that Edmund Kean had dignified the little house by acting there the part of Sir Edzvard Mortimer in the " Iron Chest." The foregoing allusions appertain more directly to village life, but the connection with subsequent amusements seemed to warrant their dis- position here. In 1837 ^he part of Helen McGregor, in " Rob Roy," was played somewhere here, probably at the Museum theater, by Mrs. McClure, afterward Mrs. Noah, the first histrionic genius that Roches- ter ever produced, and tlie only one except her superior, Julia Dean, afterward Mrs. Hayne, who made her first appearance as a little child at the theater of her father, Edwin Dean. This was opened in 1 840, in the building still standing on Exchange street, at the foot of Spring, and there Edwin Forrest, the elder Booth, Grattan Plunkett and other bright stars appeared, but public opinion was too strong for it and the house closed at the end of the third year. After an interval of five years, during which the moral inhabitants recreated themselves with itinerant concerts, circuses, panoramas and other shows of a harmless character, in which time also the Athenaeum lecture course began, wiiich held its own for nearly half a century, the theater was revived, and this time permanently. It opened on Christmas week, in 1848,' under Carr and Warren, on South St. Paul street, and continued at the same spot up to the present day, witliout interruption except for the summer recess and tlie compullsory vacations caused by the fires of 1869 and 1 89 1, followed by the rebuilding, in each case, of the ruined structure. Its boards were trodden hy all the great actors of America and most of those of Europe, not with their own companies, as now, but acting in the leading roles, while their support came from the stock company, which, up to twenty years ago, it was the custom to main- tain constantly at the theater, scmietimes placing it without the added light from an imported star and sometimes sending it to Buffalo or any other neighboring city for a week, while our house was given up to some traveling troupe or combination. Not as a rival of the St. Paul street theater was Corinthian hall built 134 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. and opened on June 28, 1 849. for it was intended from the beginning as a concert and lecture hall, and its walls re echoed with the divine notes of Jenny Lind, the sweet strains of Ole Bull's violin, the voices of Patti and Parepa, the eloquence of Phillips, Seward and Everett and the music of a line of artists too long to name even the most dis- tinguished. The marvelous acoustic properties of its auditorium gave it a preeminence that feared no rivalry, so that it suffered nothing from the competition of Washington hall, whicii was erected about thirty years ago for a similar purpose, l^iit the popular taste underwent a total change and tlie former blind hostility to dramatic representa tions on the part of one generation gave place to an equally indis- criminate demand for them by another, so Corinthian hall was remod- eled in 1879, being turned into a theater, with galleries added to it, and its name was altered to the Academy of Music. The school of Miss Strong, in 1813, antedating the village itself, was so satisfactory to the settlers here that it was soon determined to have a more formal academy than the little room over Jehiel Barnard's tailor shop on the corner of State and Main streets, and during the autumn of that very year a school district was established and a school-house begun, on South Fitzhugh street, where the Free Academy now stands. The site was given by Rochester, Fitzhugh and Carroll, and the cost of the original building, which was one story in height, about eighteen feet wide by twenty- four long, was borne, probably, by the people here, as the school fund of the state then yielded about $25,000 a year, and our small proportion of that would not have paid for the house and for the instruction given, even in those days of small salaries. Aaron Skinner was the first teacher, and he may have been the first male in- structor in Rochester, though that honor was claimed, in late years, by Moses King, who died in 1881. It is exceedingly difficult to determine whether that " district school number one " should be classed as a pub- lic or a private school, for it partook of both characteristics and the common school system of the state was not established till long after- ward. In 1 8 16 another school of the same nature was opened on the corner of Mill and Piatt streets, and a few years later the old stone school house on Brown square was built, both institutions being sup- ported largely by local appropriations. Probably the same was true of CITY LIFE. 135 a school on the corner of Clinton and Mortimer streets, which for many years, beginning with 1818, was taught by Lyman Cobb, the author of the spelling book and the dictionary that were the standard works in those departments of knowledge till they were superseded by the productions of Noah Webster. About 1820 two schools were started that were wholly private enter- prises — a young ladies' academy on Mill street, where the Brackctt House now stands, which was taught very successfully by Miss Maria Allyn, and an English and Latin school conducted by Fairchild and Filer near St. Luke's church. From that time the seats of juvenile learning multiplied so rapidly as to preclude the individual mention here of any except the very prominent ones. On the east side of the river a boys' school was opened by Mr. Shafer and another by Richard Dunning; they were well attended, but both soon yielded to the pre- eminence of the Rochester High school. This was incorporated, in 1827, and the building, between Lancaster and Chestnut streets, where the Unitarian church now stands, was erected in part from the proceeds of a tax of $4,000 that was authorised to be levied. In spite of this aid the school grew more in debt every year till 1835, when, by a desperate effort of the citizens, it was put on its feet again, and from that time till its destruction by fire in 1852 it occupied the most prom- inent place among the scholastic institutions of Rochester. Thousands of pupils received their education there, the number in a single year being sometimes about six hundred, and its influence was felt for a generation after it had passed away. During its lifetime it had many teachers of learning and ability, but foremost among them was Dr. Chester Dewey, a man of great erudition and kindness of heart, the typical educator of this city, who had been a professor in Williams college for some years before he came here and who was the principal of the school for fourteen years prior to 1850, when he became pro- fessor of natural sciences in the University of Rochester, retiring there- from in 1 86 1 and dying six years later, at the age of eighty three. Associated with him for a long time, as principal of the girls' depart- ment, was Miss Mary B. Allen, who afterward taught a private school of her own till 1869 ; at a late period of her life she became Mrs. Moses King and died two years ago at an advanced age. 136 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Miss Sarah T. Seward, who afterward became the wife of General Gould, came here from Lebanon Springs in 1833 and immediately opened a school for young ladies, first on the corner of Main and Eliza- beth streets, then on the present site of the First Presbyterian church; her patronage increased so rapidly that in 1835 she erected on Alexan- der street a house large for those days, sixty-four feet front and situated in the midst of fine grounds four or five acres in extent ; the education there given was of a high character and very complete, the class- room equipments costing more than $12,000; on the marriage of Miss Sew- ard it passed into the hands of her brother, Jason VV. Seward, who con- ducted it till 1848; the site is now occupied by the capacious struct- ures of the HomcKopathic hospital. Quite an educational revival took place in 1835, for, besides the steps forward that have just been men- tioned, the Rochester female academy, on South h'itzhugh street, was begun, stock to the amount of $4,000 being taken by sixty- seven per- sons; the first board of trustees was made up of Jonathan Child, Moses Chapin, E. F. Smith, J. K. Livingston and William P. Stanton ; Miss Julia H. Jones was by them appointed the principal, with Miss Ara- minta Doolittle (who afterward succeeded her in charge of the school) as her first assistant, and under their auspices the seminary was opened in May, 1836; Mrs. Curtis followed Miss Doolittle in 1855 and three years later the seminary passed under the management of the Rev. James Nichols, after whose death, in 1864, li'S widow, Mrs. Sarah J. Nichols, became the sole possessor of the property and the manager of the school ; it is still conducted by members of that family, having out- lived all its early compeers and retaining the reputation it has possessed for more than half a century. In that same year of 1835 a Catholic school for the instruction of little children was started in the basement of St Patrick's church, the first teacher being Michael Hughes, and it continued till it was succeeded by the parochial school established in 1858 on the corner of Frank and Brown streets and now conducted by the order of Christian Brothers. Other Catholic schools were those of the Academy of the Sacred Heart, founded by the ladies of that order in 1855, which was at first located on South St. Paul street and eight years later removed to its present commodious quarters on Prince street ; the academy of the Sisters of CITY LIFE. 137 Mercy, on South street, near St. Mary's church, opened in 1857, and the large academy of Nazareth convent on the corner of Jay and Frank streets, estabHshed in 1871 ; all of these institutions are still in success- ful operation. Of the many private schools that were started after 1840 and that endured for several years there may be mentioned the Tracy female seminary, on Alexander street; Satterlee's collegiate in- stitute, on Oregon street; the schools of Mrs. Isabella J. Porter, Miss Mary Jane and Miss Almira Porter, first in the basement of the Unita- rian church and afterward on South Washington street ; Mrs. Green- ough's seminary, first on North street and then on Plymouth avenue ; De Graff's institute for boys, Eastman's commercial college, Mrs. Cur- tis's Livingston park seminary. Miss Bliss's on Spring street and Miss Cruttenden's on Gibbs street, some of which are still in existence, though most of them have passed away, to give place to their prosper- ous successors of the present time. Since 1841 the common school system of the state has had full sway in this city, though even before that there were public schools here, in attendance upon which there were 1.050 pupils out of a total of 4,343, when the school census was taken in January of that year. In June the first board of education was organised, with Levi A. Ward as presi- dent, and under the new regime the number of public scholars in- creased so rapidly that the annual report in June, 1843, shows that there were then fifteen districts, with eight commodious brick school- houses, an average attendance of 2,500 and an annual expenditure of $19,000. Although these schools were public they were not free till the passage of the act of March 26, 1849, ^"d even after that there was a frantic endeavor to take away that character from them, which was defeated only by the efforts of the free school convention held at Syra- cuse. After the burning of the old High school on Lancaster street there was nothing to take its place; arguments were continually ad- vanced to crown the work of the public school system in this city by the inauguration of such an institution in direct connection therewith ; these appeals were at last successful and school- house number one, on South Fitzhugh street, was opened in that capacity on November i , 1857I (the school being incorporated as the Rochester Free Academy 'For twenty years alter that tliere was no seliool number one, until in LSi^, the Imlustrial school, a strictly charitable affair, on Exchange street, was taken into the common school system 18 138 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. in 1862), C. R. Pomeroy being the first principal, followed by Kdward Webster in 1859, he by Nehemiah W. Benedict in 1865, he by Zachary P. Taylor in 1883 and he by John G. Allen, the present incumbent, in 1886. Of the crowd of applicants at the beginning, only one hundred and sixty- five were admitted, and from that time there were so many continually pressing for admission that a new building was erected on the old site and completed in March, 1873, at a cost, including the ad- ditional land purchased, of $ I 50,000. The structure is ornate, rather than ornamental, but its serves its purpose, is well ventilated and ac- commodates, without crowding, the attendance of over four hundred pupils, besides furnishing room for the Central library and for various offices. The instruction is very thorough and of a high grade, the term being four years in the classical, English and scientific courses, one year in the business course. For the burial of their dead the early settlers used a half acre on the corner of Plymouth avenue and Spring street, which was formally deeded to the village corporation by Rochester, Fitzhugh and Carroll, being a free gift, in June, 1821, but in September of that year the authorities exchanged it on even terms for three and a half acres on West Main street, where the City hospital now stands, and the bodies were removed thither. On the east side of the river the first land used was on East avenue, near Gibbs street, but that was soon abandoned for a position further south, the deed to which was given in 1827, though interments were made there before that. In these two resting-places — one called the Buffalo street burying-ground and the other the Monroe street burying-ground — all bodies were laid till after the village had be- come a city. Perhaps the cholera of 1 832, with its widespread mortality, demonstrated the necessity of further expansion ; at any rate, soon after that the matter was agitated and public meetings were held, but no of- ficial action was taken till August, 1836, when the mayor, at the instance of the common council, appointed Aldermen Scoville, Woodbury and Whitney a committee to inquire into the expediency of buying land for a burying-ground. They followed the lead of a citizens' committee, in order that the salaries of some of the teachers and a few otlier e.\i)enses miKht be paid by the board of education; it then became known officially as ninuber one, though it still retains its origi- nal title. CITY LIFE. 139 selected several months before, and recommended the purchase of Silas Andrus's lot, comprising the first fifty-three acres of what is now Mt. Hope cemetery. The recommendation was approved, the land was bought and paid for by the issue of city bonds to the amount of$8,ooo. No other selection equally advantageous, in point of beauty of scen- ery and diversity of landscape, could possibly have been found in Monroe county, and it is doubtful if there is in the whole country another spot as well adapted by nature to this purpose. The grounds were laid out in accordance, mainly, with plans prepared by Silas Cornell, the city surveyor, who. fortunately for posterity, made little alteration in the various elevations but left the undulations as they were, cutting a few winding roads among the hills and felling the forest trees only as they interfered with the arrangement of lots. More land was purchased in subsequent years — the largest amount in 1865, when seventy-eight acres were added — so that the cemetery contains now about one hun- dred and eighty-eight acres. Much of its completeness, in which the natural beauties are preserved but the roughness of its early period has given place to tasteful care, was owing to the intelligent skill of George D. Stillson, who was its superintendent for sixteen years before 1881 ; he was succeeded by his son, George T. Stillson, and he by David Z. Morris, who now holds the place. The first interment was on the i8th of August, 1838, and on the ist of June, 1894, the fifty thousandth burial was made there. The Catholics preferring to bury their dead in ground consecrated by their own church, land on the Pinnacle hills, southeast of the city line, was bought in 1838 by the trustees of St. Patrick's church, and the cemetery was established there that was always known as the Pinnacle burying-ground, in which the English-speaking Catholics of the city were buried till 187 1, since when there have been very few interments there and most of the hill has been razed, its light, sandy soil making it desirable for building purposes. About 1840 the German Catholics here opened St. Joseph's cemetery, on Lyell avenue, where at first all the dead of that nationality were buried, but seven years later Sts. Peter and Paul's congregation established one for themselves on Maple street (which was closed by the municipal authorities in 1877), and St. Joseph's was moved to the east side of the river. The cemetery of St. Boniface, 140 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. on South Clinton street, opened in 1866 for the use of that congregation, is still used, but to a very Hmited extent, and most of the bodies formerly resting in all these Catholic cemeteries have been removed to that of the Holy Sepulcher, on Lake avenue, north of the city line and in the town of Greece. This comprises about one hundred and forty acres, most of it purchased in 1871, the last thirty acres six years later. The location is a beautiful one, the greater part of the grounds lying between the road and the river bank, though a small portion is on the west side of the avenue ; its distance from the city relieves it from the criticism to which Mt. Hope is sometimes subjected, of encroaching too much upon the environment of the living. In its brief existence, thus far, the Holy Sepulcher has been decorated by many fine monuments, and it will doubtless remain for many generations the principal Catholic burying- ground of Rochester. Just north of it is the Riverside cemetery, begun only three years ago by a company incorporated at that time, which purchased one hundred acres of land and laid them out with great expense and care, erecting a peculiarly tasteful office building at the entrance ; many of the lots have been sold and there have been a few interments there. At the opposite extremity of the city, far out on Genesee street, is the little Rapids cemetery, of two and a half acres, which is said to have been started in 18 12, though, if so, it must have been for the accommodation of the scattered residents of Chili or Scottsville ; it is still in use, and occasionally an old citizen is laid to rest within its narrow bounds. Steam as a motive power on land was first employed in this country on the Baltimore & Ohio railroad in the beginning of 1831, and its first application on any road proceeding from Rochester was on the 4th of April, 1837, when a mixed train of freight and passenger cars, in charge of L. B. Van Dyke as conductor, was run out on the Tonawanda rail- road. This road was chartered in 1832 for fifty years, with a capital of $500,000, Daniel Evans being the president, Jonathan Child vice-presi- dent, A. M. Schermerhorn secretary, Frederick Whittlesey treasurer. Elisha Johnson surveyed the route and built the road, completing it to South Byron in 1834, to Batavia in 1836 and to Attica, forty-three miles in all, in 1842. Its terminus in this city was on the western cor- ner of Main and Elizabeth streets. The first regular passenger train /-*^ ^^ JBk Jk . ^^mw hi ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^pFo^^Lj^^^^. m ^H^^l^^^^s^^^^'^ m K ' 9 ^ ' ''4i\^^^ ^ m' ■. 1 ^ Jli^--^_ ^ Jm^O"^ A ChLi(^^^ CITY LIFE. 141 left for Batavia on May 3, and on the I ith of that month there was a great celebration here over the event. In 1838 ground wa.s broken for the Auburn & Rochester railroad, but the line was not finished till three years later, the cost of construction being $1,012,783, of which more than half was met by capital stock taken by subscription in several places, Rochester being down for $58,000, Canandaigua for $141,700, Geneva for $168,500, and so on ; at a meeting of stockholders, held at Geneva, Henry D. Gibson of Canandaigua was elected president, with James Seymour of this city as vice-president ; the first train from Ro- chester eastward ran to Canandaigua on September 10, 1 840, the con- ductor being William Failing ; the road was finished to Auburn in September, 1841, and a train ran through to Albany in October of that year, the eastern connections having been laid before that. In 1850 the Rochester and Tonawanda railroad was consolidated with the Attica & Buffalo, which had been in operation for some years, Joseph Field of this city becoming president of the new corporation, but for some reason no through train ran from here to Buffalo till 1852, when the straight line from Batavia to that place was laid. In 1850, also, the little road from Lockport to Niagara Falls was purchased by a syndicate of capitalists and extended to this city, and in the same year work was begun on the direct road from here to Syracuse ; the Ro- chester & Charlotte was built in the latter part of 1852. By the con- solidation of all the roads named, together with others, in the eastern part of the state, the New York Central railroad company came into existence on May 17, 1853, with a capital stock of $23,085,600 and as- sumed debts to the amount of $1,947,815.72. As the tracks of this railroad crossed many of the streets of the city, numerous accidents, some of them fatal, were caused, besides an incalculable amount of in- convenience ; at last the company yielded to the just demands of the citizens, and the tracks were raised, ground being broken therefor in March, 1882, and the work finished in the summer of 1883, at a cost of $925,301.95, including $150,000 for the construction of the present train house extending from St. Paul to Clinton street, built by George H. Thompson ; it took the place of the old one, built by C. A. Jones in 185 I, on land now devoted to Central avenue, between Mill street and the river. 142 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. On observing the operation of these various roads, a desire, not felt before, was stimulated for more rapid communication with the southern part of the state, and after many attempts a company was formed with $800,000 capital and directors chosen equally from up the valley and from this city, with James Wadsworth as president and Freeman Clarke secretary and treasurer, which bepan the construction of a road from here in September, 1852, and opened it to Avon in 1854 ; it was intended at first that it should go further south, but it never did, and a little later it was leased for ninety-nine years by the New York, Lake Erie & Western. For some years after the change it continued to be called by its original name of the Genesee Valley railroad, but it is now uni- versally known as the Rochester division of the Erie road. In 1869 the Rochester & State Line railroad company was formed, work was begun two years later, and in 1878 the road was completed to Sala- manca, its original terminus; a year later a majority of the stock was owned by William H. Vanderbilt and it was expected that the road would become a branch of the New York Central, but it was not profitable enough for that and although it was successful in a suit brought by the city of Rochester to recover $600,000 which had been advanced toward its construction, it was unable to pay the interest on its first mortgage bonds and was sold out in January, 1880, to New York parties, by whom its name was changed to the Rochester & Pitts- burg (the word Buffalo being prefixed afterward) and the line extended to Punxsutawney, in Pennsylvania. The Genesee Valley Canal rail- road, laid through the bed of the abandoned canal from here to Olean, was begun in 1881 and opened for traffic in 1883, doing for the towns on the west side of the river what our division of the Erie does for those on the east; it has had a fair measure of prosperity and makes good connection with the Delaware & Lackawanna, thus affording an easy means of reaching the eastern part of Pennsylvania ; soon after its opening it passed under the control of the Buffalo, New York & Phila- delphia company, the name of which was afterward changed to the Western New York & Pennsylvania, and this branch is now known as the Rochester division of that road. Other railways now running into the city will be mentioned elsewhere. Antecedent by four years to the steam railroads was another concern, CITY LIFE. 143 of a similar nature, which was really the predecessor of our present- day street-car system, though there was a long interval between the first essay and the second. In 1825 a small company with a capital of $30,000 was organised by Elisha Johnson, Josiah Bissell, Everard Peck and others, but it was six years before they could get the necessary act from the legislature empowering them to construct a railroad with a single or double line of track, connecting the head of ship navigation on the Genesee with the Erie canal in this city ; Elisha Johnson began building the road in 1831 and finished it in a little over a year, so that it was ready for use in January, 1833; the line began at the south end of Water street, touching the aqueduct, then, crossing Main street, it continued north along the bank of the river, with a total descent of two hundred and fifty four feet, till it reached Carthage connecting directly with the gravity railroad mentioned in a preceding chapter ; the coaches in use were open at the sides and were operated by two horses driven tandem, the driver being seated on the top of the car; the road was operated till 1843, when it was abandoned. There were no more horse railroads here for just twenty years, the first new line of that character being opened in July, 1863, on the Mt. Hope avenue route, and it is a little singular that that should have been the line to be taken up a few years later, from the end of South St. Paul to Clarissa street, and discontinued to the present time ; tracks were laid gradually in the other principal streets till the old company sold out to the present corporation, which changed the motive power from equine to electrical Rapidity in travel called for still greater celerity in verbal transfer- ence, and in this field Rochester is entitled to lasting remembrance. Soon after the evolution of the Morse system of telegraphy in 1844 Henry O'Reilly, of this city, projected, organised and constructed the longest range of connected lines in the world, extending from the eastern seaboard to the far South, and called the "Atlantic, Lake and Mississippi range," though commonly known as the " O'Reilly lines." These were at first individual but were afterward consolidated and be- came the nucleus of the Western Union telegraph company, whose arms embrace the continent. None of those lines, however, ran through this city, for the first office here was that of the New York, Albany & 144 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY Buftalo (merged in the Western Union in i860), which was opened for the transmission of messages in the winter of 1844-45. 'I he first press dispatch received here came on June i, 1846, and appeared in the Democrat of the next day, being a report of the constitutional conven- tion then in session at Albany; the office was originally in the base- ment of Congress Hall, but was soon removed to the Reynolds arcade, where it still remains ; George E. Allen was at first in charge of the office, then S. S. Pellett, then A. Cole Cheney (from 1852 to 1881), then George D. Butler, the present manager. Several other companies opened their offices here at intervals, but they all closed eventually, as the lines became absorbed in the all-controlling Western Union — except that of the district telegraph, a local concern, for the purpose of summoning messengers, police and other persons, and also that of the Postal telegraph cable company, a new-comer, which has not yet suc- cumbed. In connection with the progress of this monopoly is the in- teresting episode of the speculation in its stock ; the headquarters of the company being then in this city the shares had a local attraction and their price began to advance in 1863, keeping on till April, 1864, when the stock, having been doubled and then watered again in the meantime, sold for $230, the highest point reached ; that broke the market, some fortunes being made, but more lost ; the same was still more widely true concerning the investment in Pennsylvania petroleum interests at about the same time. After the little war scare of 18 14 peace reigned supreme in this community till 1837, ^vhen ^'^^ Navy island raid took place ; the so- called "patriot war ' (though those engaged in it were discontented rioters, rather than lovers of their country) had broken out in Canada West, and some men from this city, as well as large numbers of people from the vicinity, rushed to Navy island, in the Niagara river, and took possession of it, with a view to assisting the insurgents on the other side ; great excitement prevailed here and it seemed that the two coun- tries might become involved in a senseless war. but our government interfered before it was too late and sent General Scott to the frontier, who took control of the island and dispersed the crazy interlopers ; after that the turmoil subsided, William Lyon Mackenzie, the dema- gogue who had originated it, escaping to New York, coming to Roch CITY LIFE. 145 ester in 1839 and starting a weekly paper called the Gazette, in order to revive the disturbance; he was tried at Canaiidaigua and sentenced to our jail for eighteen months but was pardoned within a year and disappeared. The Mexican war having broken out in 1846 a small company was raised here, but the quota was full by that time and the men stayed at home; in the next year a full company was enlisted and went to Mexico under Caleb Wilder as captain and Edward McGarry as first lieutenant; they saw little fighting but remained in the country for eighteen months as part of the army of occupation. Then came the war of the rebellion in 1861, and for four years our feelings were en- grossed by that; during 1862 and 1863 the streets were dotted with tents for enlistment, the court-house plaza and the "four corners" being specially devoted to their location ; fairs were held at different times for the benefit of the soldiers, the principal one being the grand bazaar at Corinthian hall for a week in December, 1864, when $15,000 was realised ; a full statement of our troops will be found in the sketch of the county. In few communities did the feeling of hostility to African slavery have a stronger foothold than in Rochester, and here was laid the foundation of the Liberty party when Myron Holley, in June, 1839, started the Rochester Freeman, in which he urged the policy of inde- pendent political action on the subject. On the 28th of September of that year the Monroe county " convention for nominations" was held, by which was meant a meeting for the selection of delegates to a con- vention that should make distinct nominations of candidates to be sup- ported on that issue at the ensuing presidential election ; as an outcome of that convention at Rochester — the first of the kind held in the coun- try — a state convention was held a short time later at Arcade, Wyom- ing county, and a national convention at Albany in the following April, which nominated James G. Birney for the presidency. Anti- slavery conventions of all kinds were frequently held here, both of the more moderate wing and of the Garrisonian abolitionists, so that, if the dif- ference between the two factions was not clearly understood by out- siders, it was not owing to any lack of information imparted at Corin- thian hall and elsewhere; in that popular auditorium fairs in behalf of the cause were common during the times of the agitation, at which 1!) 146 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COTTNTY. Frederick Douglass was often a conspicuous figure, and it was there that William H. Seward, on the 25th of October, 1858, uttered his pro- phetic words about the " irrepressible conflict between opposing and enduring forces." But not alone in this public way was Rochester distinguished for its part in the struggle between slavery and freedom, for this was always one of the principal stations of the " underground railroad," that occult method of transportation from intolerable bondage to liberty beyond the border. Guided by the polar star and by means of information known only to themselves, thousands of fugitives ^ passed through this city on their way to Canada, and a large proportion of iheiu were har- bored here, sometimes over night but in other cases for days at a time, while they lay concealed from the watchful eyes of government officers who had been notified of their flight and ordered to intercept and arrest them. Generally the runaways would be in groups of two or three, but sometimes one lonely wanderer would appear and once a party of fifteen came on Saturday night to the residence of Mrs. Post, on Sophia street, where they were sheltered over Sunday and driven down on Monday morning, in the usual way, to the steamboat landing at the foot of Buell avenue, whence the regular vessel, under the British flag, carried them safely to Canada. How the knowledge of that house, and of three or four others in this city, as secure and friendly hiding-places, came to the intelligence of the flying bondmen was never known, nor was the fact of their concealment divulged in a single instance, though it was within the cognition of great numbers of people of both colors and there were often warrants in the hands ot the officers, leady to be served on those who were more than suspected to be lying here. Though there were many narrow escapes here, there was only one actual rendition to slavery, and that was as far back as 1823, when a woman who had got away from her owner at Niagara Falls had come to this city and lived for some time with her husband, who was a barber here ; she was finally arrested, carried to Buffalo and put on a vessel bound for Cleveland, whence she was to be carried to her home in Wheeling, Virginia; on board the boat, with hope behind, despair in 'The late Mrs. Amy Post, in a thoughtful article prepared eleven years ago, estimated the number as about one hundred and fifty each year on the average; she is a good authority. CITY LIFE. 147 front, she cut her throat, and so was free at last. From that time, public opinion, though somewhat divided, preponderated so strongly against the surrender of human beings that it was never attempted here again, and even after the passage of the infamous fugitive slave bill in 185 i, which increased the bitterness of feeling and never helped the South, the authorities wisely abstained from precipitating the conflict that would have been sure to result from any effort at the forcible return of a runaway slave. Rochester is associated with a peculiar manifestation that appeared here about the middle of the century and spread the name of the city to the uttermost parts of the earth. In 1847 John D. Fox, who had lived he''e previously, moved with his wife and daughters — Margaretta, aged twelve, and Kate, aged nine — to Hydeville, in Wayne county, where they occupied a house in which mysterious noises had already been heard. These now increased in frequency, in loudness and in va- riety, the little girls seeming to be the mediums through which the dis- turbances occurred. The noises finally resolved themselves into rap- pings or knockings, which resounded all over the house, on floors, ceil- ings and walls, but neither the parents nor any of the neighbors were able to solve the mystery as to how the sounds were produced. The children were then separated, one of them, and afterward the other, coming to Rochester to live with their older sister, Mrs. Leah Fish, who, originally incredulous, soon came to be as successful a medium as either of the little ones. In the presence of any one of the three the knockings were repeated and seances were held at different houses in the city, where communications were carried on by the laborious pro- cess of repeating the alphabet and spelling out whole sentences as the affirmative raps indicated that the proper letter had been reached. Curiosity was aroused and of course much antagonism was evoked by the spread of this new cult, and it is only fair to say that it seems to have been these mysterious agencies themselves that originally and persistently demanded a public investigation of the matter. As sug- gested by the responsive rappings, a meeting was held at Corinthian hall on November 14, 1849, ^t which a committee was appointed, which made a report on the following evening at the same place to the effect that it had, after full investigation, failed to discover the means by which the sounds were made. 148 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Instead of allaying the exitement tliis report only increased it; a second committee, composed of Dr. H. H. Langvvorthy, Frederick Whittlesey, D. C. McCallum, William Fisher and Judge A. P. Haskell, of LeRoy, was equally unsuccessful, and finally a third committee was appointed, consisting of men equally eminent, every one of whom had the full confidence of the community and not one of whom was a be- liever in the new philosophy. These men, after some trustworthy women, selected by them, had carefully examined all the clothing worn by Mrs. Fish and Margaretta Fox, to prevent the concealment of arti- ficial appliances, subjected the mediums to the most rigid and severe tests that they could devise, and yet, in spite of all, this committee, like its predecessors, had to confess that it was unable to discover the fraud. Considering that all these fifteen men were appointed, not as impartial investigators but with the avowed object of exposing what was alleged, even by them, to be a mischievous imposture, thtir discomfiture is cer- tainly very remarkable. At the gathering before which that final report was made, Corinthian hall was packed with a crowd that contained a large element of the baser sort, and these ruffians, enraged at the out- come of the inquiry, tried to seize the women who were the objects of their disapproval and who were there on the stage, so that it required the intervention of a strong body of police to quell the disturbance, which was the nearest approach to a riot that was ever witnessed in that building. No further inquisition was made, the Fox sisters continued for many years to practise their mediumistic voca- tion, and so the " Rochester knockings " became the beginning of modern spiritualism in all its various forms. I'Vom flood as well as fire Rochester has had its losses, but by the former element no mortality is known to have been caused. The prin- cipal freshets within our historic times were those ol 1803, which carried away Indian Allan's saw mill, the first structure on the One-hundred- acre tract; of 1835, which overflowed Buffalo street and carried away the bridge at the lower falls ; of 1857, which swept off the old buildings on the north side of Main street bridge and most of the bridge itself, and, finally, that of March, 1865, the most disastrous of all, which was owing to the insufificiency of the openings in the Erie railroad embank- ment near Avon, so that the accumulated water from the sudden thaw JOHN H. ROCHESTER. CITY LIBE. 149 of a great body of snow and ice was held back and then, breaking its barriers, came down with a volume that could not be discharged under the arches of tlie aqueduct, so there was no dry land in the middle of the city for more than two days. No effective measures have yet been taken to guard against a repetition of this disaster, although many have been proposed, and the encroachments on the river bed continue as in- dustriously as ever, regardless of the danger that in our own time, not after us, may come the deluge. To provide the means for preventing wholesale conflagrations was always in the minds of our citizens, and, long before the problem of how to obtain them was solved, the necessity made itself felt of supplying the fast -growing city with drinking water to take the place of that procured from wells and from the roofs of buildings. After many costly ex- periments in the way of issuing bonds the proceeds of which were frit- tered away by dishonesty and folly, a law was passed in 1S72 "to supply the city of Rochester with pure water." Under this act a com- mission was appointed, which, with J. Nelson Tubbs as chief engineer, began work by laying out a double system — first, the Holly system, by which water for fire purposes could be obtained from the river by pump- ing machinery, and, second, one by which drinking water of the best quality could be brought from Hemlock lake, twenty-eight miles away; the former was in operation by the beginning of 1874, the first stream from a hydrant being thrown at a fire on the i8th of January; the Hemlock lake system went into effect on January 23, 1876 ; the distrib- uting pipes of the latter were extended annually and the total cost of the combined systems up to the 1st of April, 1884, was $3,656,049. Rochester's fiftieth birthday was celebrated on the 9th and 10th of June, 1884, with processions, parades, addresses, fireworks and all the other paraphernalia so dear to the hearts of the American people ; the mayors of New York, Philadelphia, Brooklyn, Toronto and other cities were present, and a congratulatory dispatch was sent from the corpora- tion of the English Rochester. With this the record of our antiquity may close, the record of our new life begin. 150 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. CHAPTER IV. THE LAST DECADE. Cannibalism in the Greely Relief Expedition — Foundry Strike in 1885 — The Bell Telephone Struggle — Sketch of Henry O'Reilly — The Naphtha Explosion Disaster — Awful Loss of Life at the Lantern Works Fire - Death of Gen. A. W. Riley, Hiram Sibley and Seth Green— Street Car Troubles and Changes— Sketch of Henry E. Rochester — And of President Anderson— Church-Building in 1891 — Sketch of Josiah W. Bissell — Dedication of the Soldiers' Monument — Charitable Relief Work in 1894 — Introduction of Individual Communion Cups — Dedication of a Jewish Temple — Sketch of Darius Perrin — Diphtheria and Anti-Toxine — Sketch of Frederick Douglass, and of William S. Kimball. In the semi-centennial year the local press teeined with historical and reminiscent accounts of Rochester's past life, and more than one com- prehensive narrative of the city was published in book form. Among those works was a history of Rochester compiled by the writer of this sketch, and therein was a chronological list of the most important events in the city's career up to that time. BeHeving that a continuation of that classification will be appropriate in this place, it is here given. On August lo of that year the remains of Lieut. F. F. Kislingbury, the second in command of the Greely relief expedition, were buried at Mt. Hope after lying in state at the city hall ; four days later the body was exhumed in order to settle the question of cannibalism on the part of the surviving members; the flesh was found to have been cut from the bones, affording proof of the previous rumors. From August 19 to 22 the American Microscopical society held a convention here; the na- tional reunion of the army ot the Cumberland took place, General Sheridan being present. Two boards of municipal civil service exam- iners were appointed in October, the first examinations being held De- cember 7. In 1885 the Park avenue Baptist church was dedicated January 25 ; John Kelly, after conviction and death sentence for the murder of Jacob THE LAST DECADE. . 151 Lutes, was tried again and acquitted. March 8, mistaken identity being proved ; a long strike began at the foundries April 30, keeping about six hundred men out of work ; it was ended by arbitration August 9 ; Asbury Methodist church, on East avenue, was finished in June, cost- ing, with the lot, $64,694; memorial services in honor of General Grant were held in the city hall August 8 ; on September 9 the corner stone of the new government building, on Church street, corner of Fitzhugh, was laid, the original appropriation being $300,000, increased by $200,- 000 afterward. A sham battle was fought at the driving park on Sep- tember 14, for the benefit of the soldiers' monument fund; all the sur- viving war veterans in the city participated, and over $5,000 was realised. The right of the Salvation Army to march, sing and play musical instruments in the street was settled in the early part of 1886 by judicial decision. The South Congregational church v/as organised September 2. The Bell telephone company, which had opened its offices here in January, 1879, and increased its business till it reached nearly one thousand, grew more and more extortionate in its demands until, in October, it announced that the plan of charging a fixed rent was to be abandoned and a toll system substituted, by which a certain sum should be paid for each message ; this exhausted the patience of the subscribers, most of whom joined together and at noon of November 20 over seven hundred of them hung up their telephones, with the pledge to leave them unused till reasonable terms should be obtained ; this was not ac- complished till May 12, 1888, when the company yielded, the people gaining most of the points in dispute. Henry O'Reilly, born in Ireland in 1805, died August 17, at St. Mary's hospital; he was, in his early life, one of the most remarkable men in Rochester, identified prominently with every public movement ; he was connected with New York journals when a mere youth and came here in 1826 to take editorial charge of the Advertiser, the first daily paper west of New York ; he was one of the most conspicuous Anti-Masons in this vicinity, but more embittered against the other one of the two factions into which they were divided than against the members of the secret order; he was one of the most active promoters of the Erie canal and the author of the first memorial in favor of enlarging and improving the waterway ; he was the author \:/2 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. of the first history of Rochester, published in 1838, was appointed post- master of the city in that year and was afterward the builder of the lines of telegraph as told in the preceding chapter, which brought him into collision with the inventor Morse, with whom he had a protracted litigati'^n for many years ; during the civil war he was the secretary of the national society for promoting the enlistment of colored troops; he was a man of the most restless activity of mind until the infirmities of age subdued his energy, and was one of the most prolific writers of political and polemic pamphlets in this countr}-, besides leaving at his death an enormous mass of unpublished manuscript on a great variety of subjects. Mrs. Abelard Reynolds, who came here with her husband in 1 812 and lived in the second house built in Rochester, died August 22, being within one month of the age of one hundred and two years. On the 14th of May, 1887, the Erie railway station, costing $48,000. was opened; the elevated foot-bridge, the first in the city, on Exchange street, over the Erie canal, was accepted by the authorities May 27, cost $3,900; many old buildings were torn down and new ones begun, near the "four corners" — the Wilder building, the EUwanger & Barry block, the German Insurance building and those in place of the old Clinton Hotel. There were many workingmen's troubles in June, culminating in riots among the street laborers on the 27th, particularly one on Gorham street, where the strikers assaulted those who had taken their places; the police who came to the rescue were stoned by the rioters and fired into the mob, wounding several. On December 21 a frightful catastrophe occurred, by the escape of fifteen thousand gallons of naphtha from a broken pipe into the Piatt street trunk sewer ; the volatile gas took fire before the liquid could flow into the river, and ex- plosions took place all along the line for more tlian a mile, with a noise that was heard throughout the city, the flames leaping high into the air from the man-holes and other openings; the Jefferson mill was blown down, the Clinton and the Washington were burned, three men were killed, two fatally injured and many others badly hurt. Few institutions in this city have been so beneficial to the working- men, and none have done so much to give them the ownership of the houses that they occupy, as loan associations. These had been multi- plying so rapidly during the ten years prior to 1888 that there were then 'Qj-m c^ yT<^/^ >- THE LAST DECADE. 153 about one hundred of them, more, proportionately, than in any other place in the country except Philadelphia ; the first state convention of these organisations in New York was held here on May ly of that year. On the 26th of that month the first deaconess of this city was ordained at St. Luke's by Bishop Coxe. St. Matthew's church (Evangelical Lutheran) was dedicated October i. The Lyceum theater, on South Clinton street, the finest house for dramatic entertainment thus far erected in this city, with a seating capacity of nearly two thousand, was opened with the play of " The Wife " on the night of October 8. In the early evening of November 9 the most appalling calamity that ever visited Rochester cast into the background of horror the disaster of the year before ; the steam gauge and lantern works, at the brink of the upper falls, on the west side, where Sam Patch made his fatal leap in 1829, caught fire and of the sixty persons who were doing night work there thirty four came to their death, five being killed by jumping to the ground, the rest being suffocated or burned alive; the remainder were saved with difficulty by ladders or by life blankets held beneath the windows from which they sprang. Of the prominent citizens who passed away during the year, Gen. Ashbel W. Riley died April 3, aged ninety- three ; he came here in i8i6 and was one of the first board of trustees of the village and one of the first board of aldermen of the city ; in early life he was colonel of the first regiment of riflemen — offering their services to President Jack- son in 1832 to put down nullification in South Carolina — and afterward major-general of militia ; his local fame rests upon his noble self-sacri- fice in the cholera times, as described elsewhere, but his reputation away from here is based upon his long career as a temperance advocate and orator, he having delivered some four hundred lectures on the subject in Europe and innumerable addresses in America. Hiram Sibley died July 12 ; having resided previously in Mendon he moved into the city in 1844, when he was elected sheriff of the county ; becoming interested in telegraph enterprises he was largely instrumental in the consolidation of the various companies into the Western Union, of which he was the president for sixteen years, the number of offices increasing during his administration from one hundred and thirty two to over four thousand, and the line being by his persistent efforts extended across the con- 20 154 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. tinent ; he was a munificent benefactor to several institutions, par- ticularly to Cornell university, where he built the Sibley college of the mechanic arts, and to the University of Rochester, to which he gave the library building. Seth Green, distinguished for his services to the world in the propagation and transportation of fish, for which he re- ceived medals from foreign countries, died August 20. Jolin S. Mor- gan, special county judge for four \ears and county judge for four years more, died in office December 8. In the early part of 1889 the largest three brewing companies in this city sold out to an English syndicate for about $4,000,000. On March 14 the first dog show ever held in Rochester opened. An extensive strike of the employees of the street railroad company began on April 3, continuing for more than a month, interfering with the running of cars and including a riot on North Clinton street, for which fifty men were arrested. Cars began to run to Charlotte by electricity on July 30. On November 9 the old horse car company sold out for $2,175,000 to a new concern, which began the next year the work of introducing the most improved electric system, which was completed in 1893. Among the dead of the year were Julius T. Andrews, January 7, an early resident of the east side of the river and one of the founders of St. Paul's church; D. M. Dewey, January 17, who had been in the bookselling business for nearly fifty years ; Mrs. Amy Post, January 29, aged eighty-seven, a prominent abolitionist in slavery times and afterward conspicuous in her advocacy of spiritualism, woman suffrage and other manifestations of advanced thought ; H. H. Langworthy, February 5, an eminent surgeon ; Schuyler Moses, March 13, aged ninety-one, the oldest pioneer (in years) of the city and the oldest Mason in the state at the time of his death, who came here in 181 8 and was a member of the common council in 1837, ^^^ Henry E. Roches- ter, the youngest son of the founder, who was born in Hagerstown, Md., January 7, 1806; he came here with his father in 1810, riding, though only four years old, all the way on his pony, except when taken into the carriage for necessary rest ; having been educated at llobart college he became the law partner of an attorney named Ford, but soon afterward was associated with the late Judge E. Darwin Smith ; he retired from the practice of the law in 1845 ^"ie, the Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg, the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg — this branch of which, built as the Rochester & Lake Ontario Belt railway, was opened in 1883 — the Western New York & Pennsylvania, over which the Delaware, Lackawana & Western also runs its trains in, and the Lehigh Valley, which got into the city three years ago by means of a branch built under the name of the Rochester & Honeoye Valley railroad. Besides these there are several lines that are run only in the summer, for pleasure travel — the Bay railroad, whicii terminates at the Sea Breeze ; the Glen Haven road, which ends at the upper part of the bay, and the Rochester & Irondequoit railway, the last named being electric and operated by the street car company, which sends its coaches down to the ferryboat at Summerville, which crosses the river to Charlotte, connecting at Ontario beach with the lines, both electric, that run from there to the city or to Manitou beach, further west on the lake shore. As to the principal officers of the city government at this time (June, 1895), ^^^^ chief executive is Merton E. Lewis, who, as president of the common council, became acting mayor when George W. Aldridge was appointed state superintendent of public works. The city treasurer is Samuel B. Williams. The executive board — which consists of Richard THE PRESENT DAY. 189 Curran, president, William W. Barnard and John U. Schroth, with Thomas J. Neville as clerk — has charge of the street department, John J. Heveron superintendent; the water works, Emil Kuichling, chief en- gineer, and the fire department, together with control over contracts for public improvements. The chief engineer of the fire department is James Malcolm, wiih William Boon, John A. Topham, Frank A. Jayne and Charles Little as assistants ; the present equipment consists of fourteen fire houses, eight steamers, two chemical engines, eleven two- horse hose wagons, with two extra hose carts, four hook and ladder trucks (two of which are the Hayes aerial), one protective fire patrol wagon, two supply wagons, twenty thousand feet of hose lines, with fifteen thousand feet held in reserve ; eighty horses, with ten more for special service, and one hundred and seventy five men. The police department consists of the police justice, Charles B. Ernst, with B. Frank Enos as police clerk ; three commissioners — Jacob A. Hoekstra, James D. Casey and the mayor ex officio — the chief of police, Joseph P. Cleary, and assistant chief, John C. Hayden, with two captains, six lieutenants, eight detectives, four sergeants, six patrol- wagon drivers and one hundred and twenty-eight patrolmen. J. Y. McClintock is the city surveyor, Adolph J. Rodenbeck the city attorney, Abram S. JVfann the city auditor, Richard Gardner the overseer of the poor, George Bohrer the city sealer; George E. Warner and John M. Murphy are the judges of the Municipal court ; Pomeroy P. Dickinson, Edward McSweeney and Adolph Spiehler are the excise commission- ers; Henry C. Munn, E. B. Burgess and E. A. Kalbfleisch are the assessors. The board of health consists of Max Brickner, Dr. Charles R. Sumner, Frank Fritzsche, Dr. Richard M. Moore, Thomas W. Fin- ucane and Dr. John W. Whitbeck, with the mayor ex officio; the clerk of the board is George 13elknap, the health officer is Dr. Wallace Sibley, the registrar of vital statistics is George Messmer. The members of the two boards of civil service examiners are S. P. Moulthrop, Winslow M. Meade, Elbridge L. Adams, E. J. Burke, George B. Draper and F. S. Macomber, with William T. Plumb as secretary. What does it cost to run a city like this ? About two million dollars a year. From the 1st of April, 1894, to the corresponding day of 1895, expenditures were as follows: For interest $105,706.83, erroneous as- 190 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. sessments $9,241.01, police fund $161, 800, contingent fund $219,- 547.90, poor fund $17,000, lamp fund $165,850, health fund $6o,000, city property fund $12,200, fire department fund $250,000, highway fund $325,000, board of education fund $446,849.40, G. A. R. relief fund $9,000, for all park purposes $37,300, local assessments on city property $19,200.26, police pension fund $1,000, water used for city purposes and additional water pipe $105,070; total $1 944,76940. The tax levy for the rest of 1895 is $1,690,000, and, as the present fiscal year is shorter than its predecessor by three months, it will be seen that there is, proportionately, an increase of taxation. The assessed valua- tion of property in the city is $105,470,250. When the city was incorporated the length of sewerage therein was about a mile and a quarter ; four years later it had nearly trebled ; at this time it is two hundred and forty- two miles, and the total cost of all the sewers is estimated at four million dollars. Of these the longest is the east side trunk sewer, begun May i, 1892, and completed June I I, 1894; it extends for eight and a half miles and drains into the river near the foot of Norton street; there is trouble in store for the future over the question of its contamination of the river below, and the same is true, though in a less degree, with regard to the west side sewer, a much needed work which is now constructing under a commission comprised of Horace G. Pierce, George B. Swikehard and Frank S. Upton. As to our water facilities," in addition to those described in a previous chapter, a second conduit from Hemlock lake was completed last October, at a cost of $1,750,000; it can pour into the city fifteen million gallons daily, making a total capacity by that system of thirty- seven million gallons for the consumption of the inhabitants in different ways; independent of the two conduits there are about two hundred and fifty miles of water pipes in the city. A bulletin recently issued by the census bureau, based on the statistics obtained in 1890, shows that at that time Rochester was held twenty- first among the cities in point of population, twelfth in the number of its manufacturing estab- lishments, fifteenth in the amount of capital invested directly in manu- facturing, and fourteenth in the amount of wages paid in that pursuit; its relative rank in those details is certainly no lower now than it was then. Local statistics prepared by the executive board show that there THE PRESENT DAY. 191 were on the ist of April of this year 33,250 buildings in tiie city, of which 24,812 were dwelling-houses, with 1979 blocks, most of them for both commercial and habitation purposes, three hundred and forty- nine of them for manufacturing exclusively, one hundred and eleven churches and sixty-four school-houses, public, private and parochial. The report of the board of health for the past year shows that there were 1224 marriages, 2794 births and 2315 deaths. This last item is most important, as showing a death rate of less than fifteen in the thousand, which is probably lower than that of any other city in the state. What Rochester has done for the nation has been outlined briefly in the foregoing pages ; the record of its past is not discreditable, the prospect of its future is full of bright anticipation. If there are some cities on the continent that can surpass it in the grandeur of public buildings there are none that can excel it in the sylvan beauty of its residential streets, none that can rival it in the advantages of its location and the charm of the scenery on the banks of the river which winds through its midst. Travelers who are attracted to it linger beyond their purpose, and we whose home has been always here know that there is no better place in all the world in which we live. THH GEOLOGY OF MONROE COUNTY. BY HERMAN LE ROY FAIRCHILD, I'ROKKSSOR OF OKOl.OGV IN TIIK INUKKSITV OI-" KOCHKSI KK. The hard-rock geology or stratigraphy was thoroughly described by Dr. James Hall over half a century ago in "The Natural History of New York, Part IV., Geology of the I'ourth District." The section of the strata beneath the city of Rochester is published in the proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science, volumes I and H.' Except in the southern part of the county the rocks belong to the Niagara period of the Upper Silurian age. The lowest rock is the Medina sandstone, which in the northwestern part of the county is at or near the surface, and is extensively quarried at Brockport This red Medina forms the rock bottom of the southern part, at least, of Lake Ontario and the rock blufifs at all points along the south shore. Be- neath Rochester the red Medina is over one thousand feet thick, but here and all over the county, except the northwestern portion and tiie lake border, it is buried under the shales and limestone of the Clinton group. The perfect section of the Clinton is finely shown in the walls of the Genesee canyon at the lower falls in Rochester. Here it rests on the gray top of the Medina, and in ascending order consists of about twenty-four feet of the Lower Green shale, fourteen feet of Lower lime- stone, containing a bed of hematite iron ore one foot thick, twenty-four feet of Upper Green and Purple shales, and eighteen feet of Upper limestone. The Niagara group rests upon the Clinton and consists of eighty feet ' "A Section of the Strata at Rochester, N. Y., as shown by a deep boring'." Hy 11. L. I'^air- child, Froc. Roch. Acad. Science, Vol. I, pp. 18a-lH(). "TheOcoloKical History of Rochester, N. Y." F-iy H. L. Fairchild, Proc. Roch. Acad. Science, Vol. II, pp. 215-S>!i;3, GEOLOGY. 193 of dark, gritty shales, exposed at the upper falls in Rochester, and the limestone upon which the city of Rochester is built, more than sixty feet in thickness. The strata all have a slight inclination southward, which causes the Niagara rocks to disappear a few miles south of Rochester beneath the shales of the Salina formation, which in turn are buried, further south, under the Corniferous limestones of the Devonian age. The latter is found in Monroe county only in the south border of Rush and Mendon, producing the falls of the Honeoye. The surface geology of the county has not been described in detail, and will only be touched upon here. During the millions of years fol- lowing the deposition of the Devonian rocks the region was probably exposed to destructive atmospheric agencies, and a great thickness of rocks has doubtless been removed from this area.^ The long era of subaerial denudation was finally changed to sub- glacial during the Glacial period. The superficial decomposed rocks were crushed and removed by the ice sheet, the old drainage channels were largely filled with debris, and the final removal of the ice left a sheet of glacial drift over the whole territory. During at least the closing part of the Glacial period Western New York was depressed far below its present level, and following and laving the retreating ice front was a huge glacial lake which buried the most of Monroe county to a depth of 300 to 400 feet.^ As the ice retreated northward so as to uncover the Mohawk valley this became a new outlet of the glacial waters and the water surface fell to the level of the Ridge road, which is simply the beach of the glacial Lake Iroquois. ^ The superficial geology of the county is thus a complex result of the action of glacial ice, stream drainage of the glacier and lake action at the ice front and subsequently. The noith part of the county is a comparatively smooth plain drained directly into Lake Ontario by many small streams which have cut deep into the Iroquois lake deposits and the subjacent ice drift. The southern ' Proc. Roch. Acad. Science, Vol. II, paije -^^l. * "Glacial Lakes in Western New York," by H. L. Fairchild, Bull. Geol. Sec. America. Vol" VI, WM. 'See numerous articles in g-eological journals by C. K. Gilbert, J. W. Spencer and Warren Upham. 25 194 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. half of the county has a hilly topography produced by the glacier rubbing the deep subglacial drift into elongated hills, parallel with the ice movement, and known as " drumlins " or " drumlinoids." In the east side of the county, in Perinton and Penfield, these drumlinoid ridges are very pronounced. They have a north and south trend and culminate south in the Turk's Hill drumlinoid mass, the highest land in the county. Through Henrietta and Rush, in the southern part of the county, the drumlinoids have a direction some ten to fifteen degrees west of south, while along the Genesee river and in the southwest part of the county these ridges have a trend more nearly southwest. In the northwest part of the county the drumlinoid character is discernible in the broad, smooth swells with a northeast by southwest trend. A frontal moraine, marking a pause in the recession of the ice sheet, traverses the county from Brockport to Brighton. This is not strong, but is well-defined near Rochester as an irregular ridge cut by the main line of the New York Central railroad one mile northeast of Coldwater station. Along the Rapids road, in the southwest part of the city, the moraine becomes more broken, but between the river and Brighton it forms the most conspicuous hills of the region, the famous Pinnacle hills. These are mainly sand and gravel, with some masses of till, or unassorted glacial drift, and many large boulders, and with remarkable flow structure. To glacialists they have been well known and very puzzling. They have been described as an "esker" or a deposit made by an overburdened glacial river.^ But they are undoubtedly a part of the frontal moraine, of the nature known as " kame." They consist chiefly of the materials washed out of the glacier by the drainage, and accumulated at the front of the ice wall in the deep water of the glacial Lake Warren. Two other similar kame deposits are found in the county, but not directly connected with any morainic ridge. One is the group of remarkable sand and gravel hills inclosing the Mendon ponds, the other the sand hills and plains extending from the head of Irondequoit bay past Pittsford into the northwest corner of Ontario county. Glacial gravels are found in hundreds of localities over the county, and the lake silts are abundant, chiefly in depressions. ' " Rskcns near Rochester, N. V." By Warren Upham. Proc. Roch. Acad. Science, Vol. II, pp. lW-i the second, Samuel L. Sel- den, elected November 6, 1855 ; third, Henry R, Selden, appointed July 1, 1862, and elected by the people November 3, 1863. The fourth was George F. Danforth, elected November 5, 1878. In the same connec- tion may be mentioned the Supreme Court justices who have been called to seats on the court of Appeals bench, viz.: Samuel L. Selden, whose term began January i, 1854; Theron R. Strong, whose term be- gan January i, 1858, and E. Darwin Smith, whose two terms began, respectively, January i, 1862, and January i, 1870 Addison Gardiner, born in Rindge, N. H , March 19, 1797, was a grandson of Isaac Gardner, of Brookline, Mass., one of his majesty's magistrates in colonial times who was killed at the beginning of the Revolutionary war and of whom Bancroft, the historian, says : " Isaac Gardner, one on whom the colony rested many hopes, fell about a mile west of Harvard college. . . . The patriot marched with the Brookline minute-men for Lexington on the 19th of April, 1775, and, meeting the retreating column near Watson's Corners, was instantly 208 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. killed in the skirmish which ensued, receiving no less than a dozen wounds." William Gardner, liis son, born at Krookline in 1761, mar- ried Rebtcca, daughter of Dr. Raymond, and settled at Rindge, N. H,, where he held the principal civil and military offices, being colonel of a local regiment, three years member of the state legislature, etc. Soon after 1809 he moved to Manlius, Onondaga county, N. Y., where he was a successful merchant and manufacturer until his death in 1833. llis sons, of whom Addison was the third, restored, the original spelling of the name, Gardiner. Addison Gardiner began the practice of law at Rochester in 1822 and was very soon made a justice of the peace. He became a partner of Samuel Lee Selden, under the firm name of Gardi- ner & Selden, and Henry Rogers Selden, )'ounger brother of Samuel L., read law in their office. The three men successively occupied the most exalted positions in the judiciary of the state and for many years were recognised leaders of the bar. In 1825 Mr. Gardiner was ap- pointed district attorney for Monroe county, and on September 25, 1829, Governor Throop appointed him circuit judge for the eighth cir- cuit of the state, embracing Allegany, Erie, Chautauqua, Monroe, Gen- esee and Niagara counties. He was also ex officio vice-chancellor for the same territory. Resigning in February, 1838, he resumed his prac- tice, and in November, 1844, was elected lieutenant-governor of the state with Silas Wright, governor, and served with distinction for three years, when he resigned. Upon the organisation in 1847 ^^ ^^^^ '^^^^ court of Appeals, which, under the constitution of 1846, was made the court of last resort, Mr. Gardiner was elected one of the justices and served until the close of his term December 31, 1855, when he voluntarily retired, declining a renomination. " In the distinguished circle of his cotemporaries Judge Gardiner occupied a conspicuous position. No opinions were quoted with more respect than his." They are found in Comstock's, .Seidell's and the first three volumes of Kernan's reports. As a judge his moral and intellectual qualities were characterised by directness, vigor, com- prehensiveness, and intense devotion to right. He was unswerving upon judicial, questions and causes at law, yet he possessed a strong, sympathetic nature. After his retirement from the court of Appeals bench he continued as referee to administer justice for about twenty / THE BENCH AND BAR. 209 years and during that period probably heard more cases than any judge of the Supreme court. He was one of the most popular men of his time, and on one occasion was prominently mentioned as candidate for president of the United States. In 1831 he married Mary Selkrigg, of Scotch descent, and had two children, Charles A. and Celeste M. He died at Rochester on June 5, 1883. Samuel Lee Selden, one of three eminent members of the Rochester bar who successively adorned the bench of the court of Appeals of the state of New York, was born in Lyme, Conn., in October, 1800, and came to this city in the year of his majority. He entered the law office of that distinguished jurist, Addison Gardiner, with whom, after his admission to the bar, he formed a partnership. Afterward his brother, Henry Rogers Selden, was their student. The three men thus associ- ated were destined to rank as leaders in the jurisprudence of the Em- pire state and figure in conspicuous positions in the history of legal science. In 1831 Mr. Selden was appointed first judge of the Monroe Common Pleas and held that office eight years. He was also master and clerk of the court of Chancery. In 1847 l^^ was nominated by the Democrats for justice of the Supreme court and was elected by a hand- some majority, receiving the votes of both political parties, his own being in the minority. Serving his full term, he gave evidence of the possession of such consummate judicial aptitude and uncommon legal talent that in 1855 he was elected judge of the court of Appeals in place of Judge Addison Gardiner, who retired, declining a re-election. Here he served with conspicuous ability until, to the great regret of his breth- ren of the bench and the bar of the state, his health compelled him to resign his seat July I, 1862, after which he passed his life in retirement in Rochester, where he died widely respected and esteemed, Septem- ber 20, 1876. Judge Selden's written opinions are beautiful works of literature, as well as able and authoritative documents on legal procedure. His pro- found knowledge of law, his keen sense of justice, his unswerving ad- herence to right, and his wonderful command of language, permeate every line. His judgment seldom erred. His writings may be found in Vol. 5 of Selden's (his brother's) reports, court of Appeals, to Vol. 24 of New York reports, and also in tlie Supreme court reports during his 27 210 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. occupancy of that bench. Judge Selden was distinctively a professional man. He nevertlieless took a keen but quiet interest in public afifairs, yet he never mingled with them in the sense of an active worker. Tall and slender, of a retiring disposition, he was endowed with a distin- guished physique, and throughout life devoted himself almost wholly to his chosen calling. He was charitable, enterprising, and public spirited, and was intimately associated with various local institutions. At a time when Prof. S. F. B. Morse was knocking at the doors of capital to place his system of telegraphy in operation the two Seldens, Henry O'Reilly, Jonathan Child and a few others organised a company to construct a line forty miles in length between Harrisburg and Lancaster, Pa. The Seldens later acquired an interest in a similar corporation formed under the House patents, and were thus among the very pioneers in teleg- raphy in the world, virtually laying the foundation of the present West- ern Union system, which eventually developed from the last named company. Judge Selden's wife, Susan, was a daughter of Dr. Levi Ward, who came to Rochester from Haddam, Conn., almost at the earliest settle- ment of the Genesee country. They had one child, a son, who died in boyhood. Henry Rogers Selden was born of Puritan stock at Lyme, Conn., October 14, 1805, and followed his brother, Samuel Lee Selden, to what is now the city of Rochester, then Rochesterville, in 1825. He studied law in the office of S. L. Selden and Addison Gardiner, and thus laid the foundation of a legal learning which was destined to adorn the bench of the court of Appeals and figure in the highest jurisprudence of the Empire state. Admitttd to the bar in his twenty- fifth year, he im- mediately began the practice of his profession at Clarkson ; about 1857 he removed to Rochester, where he subsequently resided. His career was marked with brilliant achievements and distinguished honors, and exemplifies all that can be accomplished by a self-made man. He early became identified with politics, and during the Fremont and Day- ton campaign of 1856, with John A. King as the leader, triumphantly carried the banner of the newly organised Republican party to victory in this state. Mr. King was elected governor and Mr. Selden lieuten- ant-governor, and they were the first two members of the new party to /tS /8 vS^c^^ THE BENCH AND BAR. 211 triumph in the nation. It is a noteworthy fact that during the canvass Mr. Seiden was in Europe on professional business. He was presiding officer of the senate at a period when skilled parlia- mentarians belonging to a party hostile to the Republicans were power- ful and influential members, yet none of his rulings ever suffered the reproof of dissent. He was impartial, dignified, and just. His services here had so noticeable a judicial cast that in July, 1862, when Samuel L. Seiden retired from the bench of the court of Appeals, Gov. Edwin D. Morgan appointed him to the vacancy, which office he held until the close of 1864. His opinions may be found in Vols. 25 to 31 New York reports, while his work as official reporter of the court is included in Vols. 5 to 10 of the same, more commonly cited as i to 6 Seiden, with a small volume of addenda known as Selden's notes, all of which were the product of his labor and learning while court of Appeals reporter. He is believed to have first suggested the principle of the homestead exemption law, which, modified and fitted to the exigencies of the time, has long been in force in many states and territories of the union. Except while on the bench, and a year or more in search of health in Europe, Judge Seiden continued in the active practice of his profession from 1830 to 1879, when he retired. Outside of that, however, he was always interested in every reasonable plan for the advancement of man- kind. The greatest enterprise in which he engaged was the Morse tel- egraph. In 1845, with Henry O'Reilly, a Rochester journalist who had entered into contract with the patentees, he inaugurated a movement that resulted in the organisation of the Atlantic, Lake and Mississippi Valley telegraph company, with Mr. Seiden as president, to build a tel- egraph line forty miles in length between Harrisburg and Lancaster, Pa. The subscribers to the capital stock were Henry R. and Samuel L. Seiden, Jonathan Child (first mayor of Rochester), Elisha D. Ely, Hugh T. Brooks, Micah Brooks, Alvah Strong, George Dawson, John S. Skinner, and Hervey Brooks. Afterward the Seiden brothers acquired an interest in the New York and Mississippi Valley printing telt-graph company, one of the largest corporations on the globe. Thus the Sel dens were among the very pioneers of telegraphy in the world In 1865 Judge Seiden was elected member of assembly from the second district of Monroe county, and labored in that capacity as mod 212 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. estly as if he had never occupied the presiding chair of the state senate or the bench of the court of Appeals. Upon the reorganisation of the last named tribunal in 1870 he was a candidate, in the face of certain defeat, for the chief judgeship, his opponent being Sanford E. Church, of Albion. He was one of the callers of the famous Cincinnati conven- tion of 1872, and being dissatisfied with its result never again engaged in politics. Retiring from a long and successful legal practice in 1879 he lived quietly in his residence at the corner of Gibbs street and Grove place, in Rochester, until his death on September 18, 1885. In an obituary notice the Post- Express said : "Judge Selden, at the time of his retirement, was the universally ac knowledged leader of the bar of Western New York. Me was a man of broad charity, and won as much of affection by his kindness of heart as he did of respect and confidence by his depth of learning and probity of character." He was a liberal contributor to charitable institutions and ofiBciated as manager of several of them. '" The life work of the two jurist brothers stands out in bold relief as a noble part of the leading political history of the Empire state, and constitutes a source of just pride to every one of its citizens." September 25, 1854, Judge Selden was married at Clarkson to Miss Laura Ann, daughter of Dr. Abel and Laura (Smith) Baldwin, who survives him. Of their children six died young; the others are Julia (Mrs. Theodore Bacon), of Rochester; Louise (wife of Col. now Gen. E. S. Otis, U. S. A.), deceased ; Mary (first wife of Hon. Francis A. Macomber), deceased; George Baldwin, a prominent patent lawyer of Rochester; Arthur Rogers, of Rochester; Samuel Lee, a lawyer, de- ceased in early manhood; and Laura H. (Mrs. William D. Ellwanger), of Rochester. E. Darwin Smith, who, in 1862, was one of the Supreme court judges elevated to the court of Appeals, became a member of the Rochester bar in 1834, and for many years thereafter, as citizen, lawyer and mag- istrate, he occupied an exalted station in the estimation of his associates. Judge Smith began his professional career as clerk and student in the office of counsellor Ebenezer Griffin, and after his admission to practice became prominent in local history, though not in a political sense. He J. L. ANGLE. THE BENCH AND BAR 213 was elected justice of the Supreme court in the fall of 1855, and re- elected in November, 1862. He succeeded Judge Samuel L. Selden, and, after twenty years of honorable and efficient service on the bench, was in turn succeeded by George W. Rawson. Judge Smith was ap- pointed to the general term and served in that capacity until his re- tirement from the bench in 1876. Sanford E. Church, who, in 1870, was elected chief judge of the court of Appeals, came to Rochester from Albion. He was born in 181 5, and, entering the legal profession soon after reaching his majority, became one of the early and leading lawyers of Orleans county, and at the same time a prominent figure in political life. In 1842 he was elected to the assembly, and in 1846 and '47 was chosen district attorney of his county. He was elected lieutenant governor in 1850, and began his term of office in January following. Seven years later he was elected comptroller of the state, and in 1867 was a member of the constitution rcvisionary convention. As is noted, he was elected chief judge of the highest court of the state in 1870. In 1868 Judge Church became a resident of Rochester, but later on returned to Albion, where he died May 14, 1880. George W, Rawson succeeded to the office of Supreme court justice by election on November 7, 1876, taking the place of Judge E. Darwin Smith, who retired by reason of the age limitation. Judge Rawson's term of service on the bench was very brief, as he died in December, 1877, ^^^ w^s succeeded by James L. Angle. Mr. Rawson was elected special county judge of Monroe county in 1864, and was the first in- cumbent of that office, established by act of the legislature April 25, of the year mentioned. James Lansing Angle was born in the town of Henrietta, Monroe county, December 19, 1818. His father had recently moved trom Ballstown, N. Y., and settled upon an uncleared farm, building a log house upon the site now occupied by the West Shore station of Ridge- land. Educational facilities were slight in that locality, and it was not until he was quite a lad that a district school, secured mainly through the efforts of his father, was located in the vicinity of his home. Fol- lowing the custom of the time he attended school during the winter months and worked on the farm for the rest of the year, until the limit 214 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. of the district school was reached. Later he attended school at Lima, and at the Monroe academy, and on his graduation obtained the posi- tion of teacher in the district school where he had begun his education. About the age of twenty- two he came to Rochester and began the study of law in the office of Gay & Stevens. Five years after he was admitted to practice. Soon after he was made clerk of the board of supervisors, and in 1854 represented the city in assembly. During his term of office the question of woman's suffrage was brought strongly before the legislature, and he was made the chairman of the select com- mittee, to which the matter was referred. The report of the committee which was drafted by Mr. Angle, while recommending the denial of the prayer of petitioners, presented the act known as the " Married Woman's Act," which secured a married woman's earnings to her own use and required her assent to apprenticing or the appointment of a guardian of her children. In 1858 he served as city attorney and in 1863 was chairman of the board of supervisors. On December 20, 1877, 1^^ ^^^s appointed by the governor a justice of the peace of the Supreme court, for the seventh district, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Justice George W. Rawson. In 1883 he was elected to fill the same office, which he held until January, 1890, when he retired by reason of reaching the age limit. He died May 4, 1891. Judge Angle married Eleanor C. Eaton on February 3, 1846, by whom he had three children — a son who died in infancy, James M. Angle, and Anna M., who married Ludvvig Schenck. Hon. Francis A. Macomber, J. S. C, born in the town of Alabama, Genesee county, N. Y., April 5, 1837, was a son of William Macomber, an early settler and a prosperous farmer, upon the so-called " Oak openings" of that once famous wheat region. He spent his boyhood days upon his father's farm, and in attendance at the district schools of the neighborhood. He studied at what became the Oakfield seminary, and also a year under the tutelage of Prof A. G. Williams, at Fayette- ville, N. Y.,and prepared for college at Middlebury academy in W}om- ing, N. Y., where he had as classmates a number of \'Oung men who afterwards rose to positions of prominence. He entered the university of Rochester in 1855, and was graduated with honors and with the de- gree of Master of Arts, in the full classical course in 1859, winning ■x ^^-^^ ^kS^ THE BENCH AND BAR. 215 several prizes during that period, one of them being first prize in the sophomore speaking contest. He was one of tne first members of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity, and throughout life took an active interest in its welfare. When a chapter of Phi Beta Kappa was established in Rochester, he was honored with a key to that society. Immediately after his graduation Mr. Macomber began the study of law in the office of the late Judge Henry R. Selden, and commenced the practice of his profession in Rochester, in December, i86i, continuing successfully without a partner until 1878, when he was elected to the Supreme bench in the Seventh judicial district, the duties of which he assumed January I, 1879. In February, 1888, he was appointed by Governor Hill to the appellate branch of the Supreme court, known as the general term of the Fifth judicial department. In November, 1892, his term of office expiring, he was again elected a justice of the Supreme court, receiving the endorsement and support of the Democratic as well as the Repub- lican party. He held this position until his death, which occurred in Rochester after a prolonged illness, on October 13, 1893. Judge Macomber stood in the front rank of his profession ; as a law- yer he won success in general practice, but probably his greatest achievements were in the realm of patent law. His writings consist chiefly of legal opinions found in the law reports and in other works devoted to special subjects ; and essays and orations delivered on various occasions. He always took a lively interest in public affairs, and especially in the growth and well-being of his alma mater, the university of Rochester, of which he was long a trustee, and which conferred upon him the degree of LL.D. on June 14, 1887. Judge Macomber's first wife was a daughter of his legal preceptor, Judge Selden, who died leaving two children, Francis S., now a prac- ticing attorney, and Augusta. He afterwards married Mary, daughter of the late Isaac Butts, of Rochester, who with three children from this union, survives him. Upon the death of Judge Macomber, George F. Yeoman was ap- pointed to the vacancy and served until his successor was elected. Mr. Yeoman is still in active practice in Rochester. The personnel of the present Supreme court bench in the seventh judicial district is as follows; Charles C. Dvvight, of Auburn, now on 216 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. the general term, appointed znce Judge Welles (deceased), March i6, 1 868, elected for full term November 2. 1869, and November 6, 1883 ; William Rumsey, of Bath, elected November 2, 1880, re-elected No- vember 6, 1894; George B. Bradley, of Corning (also on general term bench), elected November 6, 1883 ; William H. Adams, of Canandaigua, elected November 8, 1 887 ; John M. Davy, of Rochester, elected Novem- ber 6, 1888 ; William E. Werner, of Rochester, elected November 6, 1894. Having referred at some length to the judicial officers of the higher state courts, it is deemed proper in this chai)ter to also furnish the suc- cession of other county officials who have been connected with local courts, and with the administration of law therein. These officers are the county judges, special county judges, surrogates, district attorneys, sheriffs, and county clerks. The date following each name indicates the time of appointment or election to office. However, in connection with the office of county judge, the explanation maybe made tiiat, pre- vious to the constitution of 1846, that office was known as judge of the Common Pleas. Patrick G. Buchan was the last Common Pleas judge and also the first county judge. For the purposes of the succession these offices will be treated as identical. County Judges. — EHsha B. Strong, March 5, 1821 ; Ashley Samp- son, February 7, 1825; Moses Chapin, February 2, 1826; Samuel L. Selden, February 25, 183 I ; Ashley Sampson, March 25, 1837; Patrick G. l^uchan, January 31, 1844; Patrick G. Buchan, June, 1847; Har- vey Humphrey, November, 185 i ; George G. Munger, November, 1855 ; John C. Chumasero, appointed vice Munger, resigned, March i, 1859, and elected in November, 1859; re-elected November 3, 1863; Jerome P^uller, November, 1867; re-elected in November. 1871; William C. Rowley, November, 1877; John S. Morgan, November, 1883; John D. Lynn, appointed December 29, 1888, vice Morgan, deceased; William E. Werner, November, 1889; Arthur \l. Sutherland, appointed to suc- ceed Werner, resigned, January, 1895. Special County Judges. — George W. Rawson, November, 1864; Pier- son B. Hulett, November, 1873; John S. Morgan, November, 1879; Thomas Raines, appointed by Governor Cleveland, Januar)' 10, 1884, vice Morgan, resigned ; William E. Werner, November, 1884, re-elected THE BENCH AND BAR. 217 1888; John F. Kinney, appointed January i, 1890, vice Werner, and elected November, 1890; Arthur E. Sutherland, November, 1893; George A. Carnahan, appointed January, 1895, ^^ succeed Sutherland, resigned. Surrogates. — Elisha Ely. March 10, 1821 ; Orrin E. Gibbs, March 28, 1823; Mortimer F. Delano, April 30, 1835; Enos Pomeroy, Januar}'- 29, 1840; M. E. Delano, January 29, 1844; Simeon B. Jewett, ap- pointed October 20, 1845, "^'^^^ Delano, deceased; Moses Sperry, June, 1847; Denton D. Shuart, November, 185 1; Henry P. Norton, November, 1855; Alfred G. Mudge, November, 1859; William P. Chase, November, 1863; W. Dean Shuart, November, 1867; Joseph Adlington, November, 1883 ; and re-elected at the end of each term of office. District Attorneys. — Originally, this office was known as assistant attorney-general, and the districts were seven in number, each em- bracing several counties. The office of district attorney was created April 4, 1 801, and by a law passed in April, 18 18, each county was constituted a separate district for the purposes of the ofifice. Under the second constitution district attorneys were appointed by the court of general sessions in each county, but since the adoption of the con- stitution of 1846 the ofifice has been elective. The succession is as follows: Timothy Childs, March 5, 1821 ; Vincent Mathews, 1831 ; Hestor L. Stevens, 1831 ; Horace Gay, 1836; Abner Pratt, 1836; Jas- per W. Gilbert, 1843; Nicholas E. Paine, 1846; William S Bishop, June, 1847; Martin S. Newton, November, 1850; Edward A. Ray- mond, November, 1853 ; Calvin Huson, November, 1856; Joseph A. Stull, November, 1859; William H. Bowman, November, 1862; Chris- topher C. Davison, November, 1865 ; John M. Davy, November, 1868 ; George Raines, November, 1871 ; Edward S. Fenner, November, 1877 ; Joseph W. Taylor, November, 1883 ; George A. Benton, 1886; George D. Forsyth, 1892. Sheriffs. — During the colonial period, sherifTs were appointed annually, in October ; and also annually under the first constitution by the coun- cil of appointment and could not hold ofifice for more than four suc- cessive years. Under the constitution of 1 821, and since continued, sheriffs are elected for a term of three years, and are ineligible to 28 218 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. election for the next successive term. The Monroe county sheriffs have been as follows: James Seymour, March 7. 1821 ; John T. Pat- terson, 1822; James Seymour, 1 825 ; James K. Livingston, 1828; Ezra M Parsons. 1831; Klias Pond, 1834; Darius Perrin, 1 8 3 7 ; Qiailes^ Pardee, 1840; Hiram Sibley, 1843; George Hart, 1846; Octavius P. Chamberlain. 1 849 ; Chauncey B. Woodworth, 1852; Alexander Bab- cock," 1855; Hiram Smith, 1858; James H. Warren, 1861 ; Alonzo Chapman, 1864; Caleb Moore, 1867; Isaac V. Sutherland, appointed 7'ice Moore, deceased, 1869; Joseph B. Campbell, 1869; Charles S. Campbell, 1872; Henry E. Richmond. 1875; James K. Burlingame, 1878; Francis A. Schoeffel. 1881; John W. Hannan, 1884; Thomas C. Hodgson, 1887; Burton H. Davy, 1890; John W. Hannan, 1893. County Clerks — Originally, the county clerk was commissioned as ckrk of the court of Common Pleas, cleik of the peace, and clerk of the Sessions of the Peace, in his county. Under the first constitution it was his duty to keep the county records and also act as clerk of the inferior court of Common Pleas, and of the Oyer and Terminer. The county clerk is now clerk of all the courts of record in his county, as well as keeper of the county records. Since the adoption of the con- stitution of 1 82 1 the teim of office has been three years. In Monroe count)' the clerks have been as follows: Nathaniel Rochester, March 5, 1821 ; Elisha Ely, 1822; Simon Stone 2d, 1825; VVilliam Graves, 1828, Leonard Adams, 1831; Samuel G.Andrews, 1834; Ephrami Goss. 1837; James W. Smith, 1840; Charles J. Hill, 1843; John C. Nash. 1846; John T. Lacy, 1849; W. Barron Williams, 1852; William N. Sage, 1855; Dyer D. S. Brown, 1858; Joseph Cochrane, 1861 ; George H. Barry, 1864; Charles J, Powers, 1867 ; Alonzo L. Mabbett, 1870; John H. Wilson, 1873; Edward A. Frost, 1876-79; Henry D. McNaughton. 1882; Maurice Leyden, 1885; William Oliver, 1888; Kendrick P. Shedd, 1891, re-elected 1894 The Rochester Bar Association. — During the last quarter of a century or more, several attempts have been made to organise a bar association for the city and county ; and, although success attended these efforts so far as organisation was concerned, the societies themselves have never been enduring, and for one cause and another thev were dissolved and passed out of e.xistence. The present bar association, more firmly THE BENCH AND BAR. 219 founded and stronger in other essential respects than any of its prede- cessors, was incorporated November 28, 1892. The incorporators were William F. Cogswell, Theodore Bacon, Charles M Williams, George F. Yeoman, Thomas Raines, John B. M. Stephens, John D, Lynn, P. M. French, Henry G. Danforth, John Desmond, John F. Kinney, Elbridge L. Adams, Martin W. Cooke, Arthur E. Sutherland, William B. Hale, Albert H. Harris, Frederick W. Smith, George A. Carnahan, James S. Havens, Joseph S. Hunn, James M. E. O'Grady, Frederick J. Smythe, Nathaniel Foote, George A. Benton, Walter S. Hubbell and Eugene Van Voorhis. The first officers of the association were Nathaniel Foote, president ; John Desmond, first vice-president; George A. Carnahan, second vice- president ; Elbridge L. Adams, secretary; Joseph S. Hunn, treasurer; and a board of eleven trustees. The present officers, elected in Di.cem- ber, 1894, are as follows: Porter M. French, president; James S. Havens, first vice-president; George A. Benton, second vice-president ; Henry W. Gregg, ^ secretary ; Francis S. Macomber, treasurer ; and George F. Yeoman, Albert H. Harris, John P. Bowman, Abraham Benedict, William H. Shuart, Jonas P. Varnum, John D. Lynn and Adelbert Cronise, trustees. In this chapter the writer has carefully avoided personal allusion to or comment on the abilities and characteristics of the lawyers in the count}', pleading as an excuse the lack of space and the utter impossibility of do- ing full justice to a subject so unlimited. It is a fact well known that this county has produced some of the most able lawyers of the state, but to separate the few from their fellows equally worthy of notice, perhaps, and eulogise the few to the neglect of the many would lead to compli- cations and consequent dissatisfaction. In the foregoing pages no mention has been made, biographicaily, of any lawyers now practicing in the city or the county, as it was deemed best to draw the line be tween the dead and the living. In a chapter beginning upon page 442 of the work will be found a few paragraphs relating to many of the more prominent attorneys of the present day, though it is not the intention to make thereby any distinction of comparative eminence. The reader will find appended thereto a list of the lawyers of 1 Mr. Grei?g died .\pril -JU, IS'.I."); llirani K, Wood is now the secretary. 220 LAND^rARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. the county seat from 1821 to 1895, inclusive. In compiling this list access was had to the roll of attorneys prepared by Frederick A. Whittlesey in 1884, to which has been added the succession to the present year, together with a complete register of the bar as it stands in 1895. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. BY L. C. ALDRICH. The medical profession of Monroe county has preserved but little of its own history, and while there are a few meager records from which we may learn something of the proceedings and membership of the medical societies that have been formed, there are no data upon which can be based a reliable record of the development of the profession. The great advance in all branches of art and science during the last century has indeed been marvelous, but in none has there been greater progress than in the science of medicine and surgery. The dawning of medical science which now sheds its light through- out the world began with Hippocrates nearly twenty-three hundred years ago, and he first treated of medicine with the simplest of rem- edies, relying chiefly on the healing powers of nature. He wrote ex- tensively and some of his works have been translated, and have served as the foundation for succeeding literature in the profession. Previous to Hippocrates all medicines were in the hands of the priests and were associated with numerous superstitions, such as charms, amulets and incantations ; sympathetic ointments were applied to the weapon with which a wound had been made ; human or horse flesh was used for the cure of epilepsy, and convulsions were treated with human brains. It was a custom among the Babylonians to expose their sick to the view of passers-by, to learn whether they had been afflicted with a like dis- temper, and by what remedies they had been cured. It was also a custom of those days for all who had been sick, and were cured, to put up a tablet in the temple of Esculapius, whereon they gave an account of the remedies that had restored them to health. But all this 222 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY credulous superstition of early ages, born of ignorance, has not been fully wiped out by the advanced education of the present day. The latest appeal to the credulity of the masses is the so-called " Christian Science," or " Faith Cure." The persons seeking to popularise this means of cure are either deceived themselves or are deceiving others, for so long as filth brings fever prayer will not avail. It is not our purpose, however, to treat of ancient or even modern medical history, and though a review of the progress of this science from the time of the Egyptian medical deities, or the Greek or Roman medical mythology, would be both interesting and instructive, it is hardily pertinent to the medical history of this county, and our intro- ductory observations are merely to suggest to the reader the difference between the ancient and modern means of healing. The settlement of the region now included in Monroe county began about the year 1790, but progressed slowly during the first fifteen or twenty years. The country was then almost a wilderness except as occasional improvements had been made. At that time the facilities for obtaining a medical education were very limited, for New York had done very little to encourage science, and there were no scho Is of medicine worthy the name nearer than Boston or Philadelphia. Few young men could then afford so great an expense to qualify themselves for a profession which offered little pecuniary inducement, hence the prevailing custom was for the medical aspirant to enter the office of some neighboring physician and read for two or three years, at the same time accompanying his tutor in his professional visits and learn his methods of practice. At the end of the term the young doctor would seek some promising field and begin practice. The early legislation which regulated the admission and practice of physicians was so defec- tive as to be really worthless. However, in 1806 an act was passed for the incorporation of medical societies in each county of the state ; also authorising a state medical society, and repealing all former laws in reference to the profession. In pursuance of this act and subsequent amendments, the several general and local medical societies of the county and city have been organised. The more recent laws regul.it- ing the practice are very strict, and have been enacted for the benefit of the medical profession as well as of the people of the state at large. In THE MEDICAL PROFESSION. 223 fact the legislature has done for the profession all that could reasonably be asked. The Monroe County Medical Society. — On the 9th day of May, 1821, a preliminary and somewhat informal meeting of physicians was held at the inn kept by John G. Christopher in the then styled village of Rochesterville for the purpose of forming a county medical society in conformity with the laws of the state. Dr. Alexander Kelsey was chosen chairman and Dr. John B. Elvvood secretary. A committee of three — Joseph Loomas, Chauncey Beadle and John B. Elwood — was appointed to prepare a code of by-laws for the future government of the society. The physicians present produced their credentials and thereupon became qualified members. They were Joseph Loom?s, Nathaniel Rowell, James Scott, Allen Almy, Daniel Durfee, Daniel Weston, Isaac Chichester, Alexander Kelsey, John Cobb, jr., John G. Vought, Chauncey Beadle, Theophilus Randall, Frederick F. Backus, Anson Coleman, Ebenezer Burnham, Samuel B. Bradley and Ezekiel Harmon. The first officers of the society were elected at this meeting, as fol- lows : Alexander Kelsey, president ; Nathaniel Rowell, vice-president ; Anson Coleman, treasurer ; John B. Elwood, secretary, and Freeman Edson, John B Elvvood, Frederick F. Backus, Ezekiel Harmon and Derrick Knickerbocker, censors. The members of the society in 1822, with the place of residence of each, were as follows: Alexander Kelsey, Rush; Janna Holton and Ezra Strong, Brighton ; Isaac Chichester, David Durfee and Daniel Weston, Penfield ; David Gregory, Perinton ; William Gildersleeve, Pittsford ; Derrick Knickerbocker and Barzillai Bush, Mendon ; Free- man Edson, Wheatland ; Berkley Gillette and Ebenezer Burnham, Chili ; John Cobb, jr., and Allen Almy, Ogden ; Henry Patterson and Samuel B. Bradley, Parma; Nathaniel Rowell, Ezekiel Harmon and Theophilus Randall, Clarkson ; James Scott, Greece ; John Adams, jr., Henrietta ; Linus Stevens, Frederick F. Backus, Anson Coleman, George Marvin, John B. Elwood, O. E. Gibbs, Rochester. The officers in 1822 were Frederick F. Backus, president; Janna Hol- ton, vice-president ; William H. Morgan, secretary; Anson Coleman, treasurer; John B. Elwood, George Marvin, Linus Stevens, Anson Coleman and John Cobb, jr., censors. 224 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. l-'roni the old records wc learn the names of other early physicians, who became members of the society about the same time, viz.: John G. Vouj^'ht, John D. Henry, George E. Harrar, Eli Day and Daniel Marble, whose residences are not mentioned ; and also Harvey Allen, Mendon ; Pliineas Royce, Henrietta ; Nathaniel Wilson, Mendon ; An- drew Hiintin three grist mills, 1 2 saw mills, two oil mills, four carding machines, two fulling mills, one cotton and woolen factory, and five asheries, comprised the other manufacturing industries of the town. Of school districts there were eleven, in which schools were maintained seven months in the year. There were 614 children between the ages of five and fifteen years. Incidentally we may men- tion that within the limits of the town (as afterward created), in 1800 there lived 414 persons, and in i8iO the number had increased to 2,860 Returning to the early history of the region, it is well to state that the original town of Boyle was formed in 1806, and included all that is novv Brighton, Pittsford, Perinton, Irondequoit, Penfield and Webster. The name was changed from Boyle to Smallwood in 1812 or '13, and the territory remaining under that designation, after the formation of THE TOWN OF BRIGHTON. 235 Penfield and Perinton, was in 1814 erected into Brighton and Pittsford. As a part of the Phelps and Gorham purchase, Brighton comprised chiefly township 13, in range 7. The original purchasers of this town- ship were General Hyde, Prosper Policy, Enos Stone, Col. Job G Ibert and Joseph Chaph'n, none of whom, except Enos Stone, it is believed, were ever permanent residents in the town, but of Lenox, Mass. The first white settler in the town was John Lusk, who came in 1787, spent ?ome time in prospecting, visited among the Indians, then frequent in the region, and then returned to Massachusetts. In 1790, having learned the trade of currier and tanner, he returned to the? locality and became a permanent settler. He purchased at the old Irondequoit landing, where he established a tannery, but in 1807 removed to Pitts- ford, and there continued in business until the time of his death in November. 18 13. Pioneer John Lusk was accompanied by his son Stephen, his hired man, named Seely Peet, and also by Orringh Stone, son of Enos Stone, one of the proprietors. Mr. Stone opened a tavern in the new country and for many years occupied a position of importance among the in- habitants. Through the influence of John Lusk and the favorable re- ports concerning the country he carried back to New England, other settlers came in during the same year, and among them can be recalled the names of Erastus Lusk, Enos Stone and his family, Chauncey and Calvin Hyde, Joel Scudder and Timothy Allyn ; and about the same time came Samuel Shaffer, Enos Blossom and Oliver Culver, the latter a Vermonter, frt m the old and historic town of Orwell. Oran Stone came in 1795 and settled east of Brighton village, near Culver's. A \ear or two later came Judge John Tryon, who took up his abode at the head of the bay ; and here he laid out a village, three square miles in extent, built a log warehouse and made ample preparation for the building up of a considerable village. From his improvements the place became known as "Tryon's Town." Asa Dayton kept public house here as early as 1801, a tanner}^ and a distillery were in operation about the same time, and Tryon's Town at once became a settlement of much note in the new country. Ira West was one of the earliest store- keepers, and Solomon Hatch and Oliver Culver had a saw mill running on AUyn's Creek as early as 1806. 33G LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. With all these early industries in full operation it is not surprising that Brighton's territory contained more than 400 inhabitants in 1800, but its growth during the succeeding ten years was still more remark- able, as in 1 8 10 the population had increased to 2,860 within the boundaries of the afterward created town. Oliver Culver was another of the more enterprising pioneers, for in addition to his saw mill he en- gaged in business with Judge Tryon and transported many boat loads of goods from Tryonstown to the infant settlements of the far west. About 1795 or '96 the townspeople sent a company to the east for the pur- pose of driving back here a large number of swine, and while the project was successful, it was -attended with many hardships and dangers. The first extensive merchant of the town was Augustus Griswold, who, in 1798, brought from the east five sleigh loads of merchandise, and in partnership with Judge Tryon opened a store. Benjamin Weeks was the second tavern-keeper. He came to the settlement from north of Rochester, and it is said that he declined to pay four dollars per acre for a fifty acre tract of land extending from the Central depot to the aqueduct in Rochester. In preference landlord Weeks set up in business at Irondequoit landing, the latter then being the larger and more promising settlement. A log school was opened here in 1802, taught by Mr. Turner ; and this is said to have been the first school established in the entire town of Boyle. Stephen Lusk is credited with having started the first distillery, though Oliver Culver had an early one near his tavern, west of Brighton village, and still another north of his residence. Among the other early settlers in Brighton were Silas Losea. the first blacksmith; Abel Katon, Bryant Brown, William Davis, Isaac Barnes, Moses Morris, Miles Northrup, Gideon Cobb, Solomon and John Hatch, Ezekiel Morse, Philip Moore, Lyman Goff, James Washburn, Stephen and Alex Chubb and Leonard Stoneburner. Abel Katon and Miles Morse were both tavern-keepers, engaged in a business at that time more profitable than nearly all other enterprises. In fact Brighton, from first to last, has been noted for the multiplicity of its public houses, and in the early history of the town such conveniences were not only in great demand but a real necessity, for the town was the gate- THE TOWN OP BRIGHTON. 337 way to the vast Genesee country. During the period of greatest emi- gration westward taverns were frequently less than a mile apart and all were patronized even to overflowing. It is also claimed for Brighton that the first decked vessel to descend the St. Lawrence was constructed within the town, but at what definite time we know not. However, during the war of 1812— 15 the little settlement at the landing was a busy locality and much lake navigation had its beginning here. This was an important provision and ammuni- tion shipping point to supply the garrisons and forts on the western frontier. William Stoneburner was one of the first and most adven- turous persons to engage in this traffic, and although generally success- ful on his voyage, he was at last captured by the British, his craft and cargo taken from him, and he for some time held a prisoner. Mr. Stoneburner was also engaged by the United States officers to transport troops along the lake and proved of much value to the government. After the war Leonard Stoneburner, father to William, built several boats, one of them a twenty ton schooner, and did an extensive lake business for several years. Among the settlers in the town about the time of or soon after the war may be mentioned the Cory and Dryer families. Francis Charter, Milo Barnes, Erastus Stanley, Barnabas Curtis, Hanford Boughton, Abner Buckland, William Crocker, William Kelly, Abel Follett, Enos and Israel Blossom, Otis Walker, Moses Hall, George Dailey, Roswell and Romanta Hart, Joseph G. Wheeler, and others, all of whom were identified with the early history of the town and worthy of mention among its respected families. In 1822 the Erie canal was completed through the eastern part of the county, and with this as the principal thoroughfare of travel and transportation through the town all local interests were advanced and enlarged. Oliver Culver then built and put in the canal at Brighton village the first packet boat of the region, and the fourth on the canal. From this time the little hamlet at the landing lost its prestige while Brighton village and its interests were correspondingly increased. In 1840 the Auburn and Rochester railroad was opened for traffic, and in 1853 the Rochester and Syracuse road was likewise put in operation, and with these several acquisitions the advancement and prosperity of o-AR LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. the town was assured, all local interests were fostered and an era of peace and plenty prevailed on every hand. As evidence of this we need only refer to the census tables ant! note the various changes in number of inhabitants in the town, and there will be discovered a gradual and general increase with each succeeding census enumeration ; and that, too, regardless of the inroads made upon the original terri- tory of the town caused by the extension of the city limits and the formation of other towns. As has been stated, in 1800 the number of inhabitants in the town, as afterward formed, was 414. In i8iOtlie population had increased to 2,860; in 1S20 it was 1.972; in 1830, 3.128'; 1 8 40, 2,376: 1850, 3,117; i860, 3,138; 1870, 4.304; 1880, 3.736; and in 1890.4,543, the latter the largest population in the history of the town. In ex- planation ol the occasional falling off noticeable in the foregoing list, it ma\' be stated that a part of Rochester was taken from this town in 1834, and Irondequoit in 1839. Again, in 1874, an extension of the city limits took further from Brighton a large tract of land on its west side, and as well several hundred inhabitants. Tozi'/i Organization. — As has been stated, the old township of Small- wood was divided on March 25, 18 14, and its territory organized into two distinct towns, and named Brighton and Pittsford. The first town meeting was held in Brighton in 18 14, at which time these officers were elected: Supervisor, Oliver Culver ; town clerk, Nehemiah Hopkins; assessors. Orange Stone, Ezekiel Morse, Solomon Gould ; commission- ers of highways, Sylvester Cowles, John Hatch, Jesse Taint.or ; over- seers of the poor, Ezra Rogers, Rufus Messenger; constable, Knos Blossom ; school commissioners, Samuel Spafiford, Enos Blossom, David Bush ; pathmasters, Rufus Messenger, William Moore, Philip Moore Solomon Gould. Orange Stone, Israel Salter, James Schofiield, Joseph Caldwell, Robert M. Gordon, John B. Lee. In this connection it is interesting to note the succession of super- visors and clerks of Brighton, from the organization of the town to the present time, as follows : Supervisors — Oliver Culver, 1814-16; Elisha Ely, 1817-18 ; Ezekiel Morse, 1819-24; Elijah B. Strong, 1825-26; Thomas Blossom, 1827; Ezekiel Morse, 1828; Samuel G. Andrews, 1829-31; William B. THE TOWN OF BRIGHTON. 239 Alexander. 1832-34; David S. Bales, 1835-36; Samuel Heckwith, 1837; Oliver Culver, 1838-41 ; Samuel P. Gould, 1842-43; Oliver Culver, 1844; Stephen Otis, 1845-47; Lorenzo D. Ely, 1848; Jason Baker, 1849; Elisha Miller 1850; Benjamin Remington, 1851; Abel Dryer, 1852; Justus W. Yale, 1853; Seth Weed 2d, 1854; Timothy Waller, 1855; Luther Eaton, 1856; Benjamin Huntin^5 THE TOWN OF BRiaHTON. 243 by Rev. Alvan IngersoU in 1836. In 1842 the society withdrew from the Genesee association, remained independent until September 21, 1870, and then became Presbyterian. The present pastor is Rev. John McCoU. The church membership is about 200, with a hke number in the Sunday school, the latter being under the superintendence of Theo- dore A. Drake. The elders are Harrison A. Lyon, T A. Brown, Theo- dore A. Drake, W. M. Parsons, F". E. Blossom and Rufus L, Herrick. Trustees. W. M. Parsons, A. Emerson Babcock and Andrew W. Miller. The Reformed Presbyterian church of Brighton was organized in June, 1892, by Rev. P. D. Broin, and has enjoyed a prosperous and steady growth of membership until the original building has become too small for its accommodation. At the time of its organization the so- ciety numbered forty eight members, with two elders, Messrs. J. Wil- lint and W. H. Rowerdink, and two deacons, Messrs. R. Hallings and J. Dp Mollie. The present and only pastor. Rev. J. Van Westinberg, assumed his duties September i, 1 892, and a congregation of 135 members now attests the success of his labors. Its Sunday school enjoys a member- ship of 185 and is under the superintendency of J. B. Pike, while a Y. P. S. C. E., with a large and enthusiastic member.chip was organized in May last with Herman Willick as president. Services are regularly conducted in both the English and Holland languages. Work on the new edifice was begun in May, 1895. At a public meeting held on April 27, 1885, the electors of Brighton village voted to procure a certificate of incorporation, which being done, the character of hamlet was thrown off and that of organized mu- nicipality assumed. Within the village limits are included about 640 acres or one square mile of land. The first officers elected were Benja- min W. Fassett, president ; Benjamin Wing, Dr. J. P. Wheeler, and James D. Shelmire, trustees; W. W. Chapin, treasurer ; F. D, Graves, collector, and Thomas E. Blossom, clerk. The officers for 1895 are William L. Manning, president; James D. Shelmire, treasurer; Bart Hallings, collector ; William P, Shelmire, clerk ; and Erwin Terrell, Thomas F. Monks and Thomas Fletcher, trustees. As a manufacturing and business center Brighton has never assumed a standing of special prominence among the villages of the county. •^44 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY Still, at no time in its history has the volume of business been greater than at the present. We have already referred to the early interests of the place and vicinity, hence need now mention only those having an existence of more recent date. Sullivan Brothers' carriage work is one of the principal industries of the locality, and furnishes employment to a large number o( men. On this site was orignally built the steam saw mill of Samuel Hart, but, being burned, was replaced with a large threshing machine factory, built by Hosea Rogers. This, too, was de- stroyed by fire, and in its stead Hall & Glenn erected a second thresher factory. Their building was afterward used by Hughson & Sullivan, following which came the present firm of Sullivan Bros. Cooley & Nash are also manufacturers of carriages and wagons, and also blacksmiths. In the east part of the village are two basket and box factories, each doing a large and successful business. The Bradley Fertilizer Company established a plant here in 1894, and in the same year a heading and hoop factory was also put in operation. In addi- tion to these interests are several well stocked mercantile houses, a like number of small shops and three hotels. West Brighton is a smaller hamlet, a post village, situate south of the city. Its business interests are few, and comprise a few shops and two hotels. In this vicinity are the fair grounds and other public institu- tions which contribute to local advancement. Before closing this chapter at least a brief reference may properly be made to the past and present educational interests of the town at large; and in this connection it is also proper to call to mind the old Genesee Model School, or, as incorporated April 7, 1848 (and by the Regents, February 23, 1849), the "Clover Street Seminary." This, however, is one of the things of the past, though in its palmy days one of the best institutions of the county. It was at one time under the care of Mrs. Brewster, the author of Bloss's Ancient History. The town records reveal the fact that the first regularly elected school commissioners in Brighton were Samuel Spafiford, Enos Blossom and David Bush, and that under their direction and supervision the ter- ritory of the town was divided into five school districts, each arranged as far as possible to suit the convenience of the then scattered inhab- itants. Tradition has it that the first school in Brighton was opened in THE TOWN OP CHILI. 245 1802, with a Mr. Turner as teacher. Soon afterward a second was started at the village and a third on the present city site. These things indicate that even during the pioneer period the townspeople here were not unmindful of the educational welfare of their children. In 1820 the districts numbered eleven, and at that time 614 children were in the town; and of these 556 attended the public school. In 1836 the dis- tricts numbered twelve, while the school population was 781. Twenty years later the number of districts had been reduced to nine, while the children of school age in the town numbered 1,005. According to the present disposition and arrangement of common school interests in Brighton, the nutuber of districts is nine, and each is furnished with a good school building. Five buildings are of frame and four of brick construction. The value of sites is $5,650, and of sites and buildings, $19,650. During the last current year, ending July 31, 1894, the number of teachers employed in the town was 14, to whom was paid the gross sum of $4,785.01. The number of children in the districts, of school age, was 948. To maintain these schools there was apportioned to the town, public moneys to the amount of $1,768 82, added to which the town raised by tax $4,661 68. Total available funds for the year, $6,794.39. Paid for libraries, $18.70; for appara- tus, $45; for repairs, $611.17; for maintenance and other expenses, $738.94. CHAPTER II. THE TOWN OF CHILI. One of the most generous and meaning compliments ever paid the town of Chili is found in the utterance of an old-time writer of local history, wherein he says : " The inhabitants are all Yankees, all that need be said in commendation of their improvements, social institutions and industry." Such was the opinion of the unbiased and competent observer of Chili and its inhabitants three-quarters of a century ago, and in all the subsequent years to the present time, the descendants of 246 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTV. Chili pioneers have honestly maintained the standing attained by tiieir ancestors. Previous to its separate organization Chili formed a part of the older town of Riga, and its early history was entirely contemporaneous with that of the mother town, Indeed this part of Riga was known origin- ally as East Pulteney, and a little later as East Riga, while Riga proper was known as West Pultene)- and West Riga. The separation was made February 22, 1822, several years after pioneership had ended; in fact at a time when the population of the town was nearly two thousand. Geographically, Chili occupies a position in the southwest part of the county, and is distinctively an interior town. Its land surface is level or slightly rolling with a gentle inclination to the east. The Genesee river forms the cast boundary, and Black creek, a quite sluggish stream, flows east through near the center. The soil is a claj' loam, mixed with sand. South of Black creek are several peculiar gravelly knolls, the principal of which is " Dumpling Hill," near the rivtr. In the town, as now constituted, are five small villages or hamlets, known, respectively, as Chili, North Chili, Chili Station, Clifton, and South Chili, each of which will be specially mentioned in this chapter. As is intimated in the first paragraph of this sketch, the first settlers of this town were Yankees, that is New P^nglanders of pronounced type, who brought to the new country the customs and manners sup- posed to be peculiar to all inhabitants of Yankeedom. So far as can now be accurately determined the pioneer in fact of this locality was Joseph Morgan, who located near the south line in 1792, his lands join- ing with those of Peter Shaffer, the pioneer of Wheatland and the suc- cessor to the notorious Ebenezer Allen. In 1794 Andrew Wortman settled near the river, and in 1795 Col. Josiah Fis-h and his son Libbeus came from Vermont and took up their abode on the river at the mouth of Black creek. This intrepid pioneer employed Indian help in con- structing his first log cabin, to which his whole family came in 1796. Stephen Peabody came in 1796. and soon after built a distillery, the first industry of the town. In 1797 Jacob Widner and his sons Samuel, Jacob, Abraham, William and Peter added materially to the settlement; and about the same time Joseph Cary also made a be- THE TOWN OF CHILI. 247 ginning here. Still later, yet previous to I 8oo came Lemuel and Joseph Wood, Samuel Scott, Joshua Howell, Benjamin Bowman, John Kimball, Daniel Franklin, Mr Dillingham, George Stottle and others whose names have become lost with the lapse of time. After the beginning of the century and after the general character of the lands of the region had become known in the east, settlements be- came more rapid and the year 1 820 found East Riga with a population bordering on two thousand. Among the many families who made settlements during this period, we may recall the names of John McVean from Ontario county, who was accompanied by six stalwart sons — Duncan, Samuel, John, Daniel, Peter and Alexander, also Will- iam Woodin and his family from Seneca, the latter settling in the north part of the town. There were also Lemuel and Zebulon Paul, John Weidener and his children James, Amos, Rosalia, Cordelia and Rich- ard, all of whom were here previous to 181 2. Later settlers were Joseph Sibley, Benjamin Brown, Joseph Davis, Daniel Franklyn, Will- iam Holland, George Brown, John Wetmore, Joseph Thompson, Isaac Burritt, Berkley Gillett, Daniel Barrett, Alfred Schofield, Pliny Fields, Thomas Sheldon, Daniel Jameson, Moses Sperry, Eben Burnham, James Coleman, Isaac Lacy, William Pixley and others, all of whom, though perhaps not pioneers, were nevertheless early settlers and worthy of mention in connection with improvements and development three-quarters of a century and more ago. Mention also may be made of Deacon Tunis Brocaw, Edwin S. Reed, Eben B. Wetmore, Levi Campbell, Timothy Baldwin, Joel Baldwin, Isaac Brocaw, Lemuel Potter, David Deming, Isaac Hemingway, William Pixley (proprietor of ashery and distillery), Abel Belknap, Thomas Merlin, Apollos Dewey and Conrad Markham, all good and worthy men, many of the descend- ants of whom still live in the town and county. Referring briefly to first events of Chili history, we may note the fact that Joseph Morgan built the first log dwelling, in 1792, also cleared the first land and raised the first grain, and as well, with Colonel Fish, planted the first fruit-trees. Colonel P"ish built the second house, and was the first supervisor of old Northampton, organized in 1797. The first birth was that of a child of Joseph Wood, in 1799. The first death occurred in the family of Joseph Morgan. James Chapman kept the 248 LANDMARKS oK MONROE COUNTY. first store, in 1807, and James Gary built the first mill. Stephen Pea- body built the first distillery. Other and later storekeepers in the town were Mr. Filkins at the Center, Mr. Hawes. near the Presbyterian church, and Theodore Winans at Buckbee's Corners. The first tavern was kept by P2Iias Streeter, about or before 181 i, on the Chili and Spencerport road. Paul Orton was the second landlord. The old "Checkered tavern" was at one time kept b\- one Pennock, and was a historic old building, and perhaps was so named in reference to the quite checkered career of some of its inmates. Joseph Cary's mill was located north of Clifton, on Mill creek, and near by was built in the same year (1807) a gristmill, by Comfort Smith In 1811 Joseph Sibley built a saw mill near Buckbee's Corners and soon afterward a grist mill. Tiie first school house was erected north of Black creek, one mile west of the Center. A school existed in the town as earl\ as 1806. and in 1810 Anna Niles kept school in a room of her father's house. So rapid indeed was the development of local interests and the growth of population in this eastern part of Riga, that the convenience of the inhabitants demanded a division of the mother town. Consequently, an act was passed and the division effected on the 22d of February, 1822, the new creation containing then, as now. 24.558 acres of land. The first town meeting was held at the house of James Coleman on April 2d following. The ofificers elected were as follows: Joseph Sibley, supervisor ; Joshua Howell, town clerk; l^enjamin Brown, Joseph Davis, and Daniel Franklyn, jr.. assessors ; Willian Woodin. William Holland, and George Brown, road commissioners ; Isaac I^urrilt and Berkley Gillett, school commissioners ; Daniel Bassett, Isaac Schofield, and Pliny h'ields, school inspectors ; John Wetmore, loseph Thompson, and Johua Howell, overseers of the poor; Benjamin Brown, collector; Thomas Sheldon, Daniel Jameson, Moses Sperry, and Kben Burnham, constables. The supervisors of Chili, from 1822 to 1895, have been as follows: Joseph Sibley, 1822-23; Josiah Ho^vell. 1824-25; Alfred Schofield, 1826-28; Isaac Lacey, 1829; Benjamin Brown, 1830; William Pixley, 1831-32; George Brown, 1833-34; Moses Sperry. 1835; William Pixley, 1836-37; Moses Sperry, 1838-39; Isaac Lacy, 1840; John T. THE TOWN OF CHILL 249 Lacey, 1841 ; Isaac Burritt, 1842; John T. Lacey, 1843; Moses Sperry, 1844; John T. Lacey, 1845-46; William P. Hill, 1847-48; Franklin Gate, 1849-51; William Pixley, 1852; Moses Sperry, 1853- 54; David Starkie,i855-58 ; Edward J. Reed, 1859-60 ; William P. Hill, 1861-64; A. S. Little, 1865 ; Albert H. King, 1866; William P. Hill, 1867; William Voke, 1868-70; Albert H. King, 1871 ; Frederick Fellows, 1872-76; William Fellows, 1877-78; Edwin A. Loder, 1879; William P. Hill, 1880-81 ; Benjamin Fellows, 1882-84 ; Byron D. Beal, 1885-86; Lewis B. Carpenter, 1887-90; Myron Sperry, 1891 ; John B. Johnston, 1892-5. Town ofificers for 1895: John B. Johnston, supervisor; C. A. Nichols, town clerk ; W. D Purdy, D. S. Bly, J. C. Case, and E. R. Harmon, justices of the peace ; Alfred Fenton, George W. Tunnison, and Charles Finley, assessors; James Tweady, overseer of the poor; W. J. Fisher, collector; William Bailey, A. Curtis, and John Love, ex- cise commissioners ; John Porter, Myron Sickles, Earnest Miller,William Crowley and George Dougherty, constables. A somewhat noticeable, though possibly not surprising fact in con- nection with the history of Chili, is that the present population of the town is very little greater than in 1825. From the time of its organi- zation in 1822, to i860, there was a steady and healthful increase in number of inhabitants, but from that until the present time there has been a corresponding decrease in population. A brief reference to the census tables informs us that in 1825, three years after the erection of the town, the inhabitants numbered 1,827, and in 1830 had increased to 2,010, In 1840 the population was 2,174, and in 1850 was 2,247, In i860, according to the census returns, Chili had 2,903 inhabitants, but in 1870 the number had decreased to 2,367. In 1880 it was 2,274, and in 1890, the last federal census, was 2,109. Careful observers now esti- mate the town to have a population of about 2,000. The town has never been noted for magnitude or variety of manu- facturing industries. On the contrary there has been a rather noticea- ble absence of such interests, for the situation of the town and the entire absence of suitable water privileges have precluded the possibility of any prominence in this respect. However, Chili now is and for many years past has been regarded as one of the substantial agricultural towns 32 250 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. of the county, or in fact, of the whole Genesee country, and in all farm products yields abundantly in return to proper cultivation. As early even as 1835 there were under cultivation 14,636 acres of land, and on the farms were tiicn kept 1. 869 cattle, 862 hoists, 5,353 sheep, and 2,616 swine. In that year there was manufactured in the town 2,619 yards of fulled cloth, 3,329 yards of woolen cloth, and 586 yards of cotton and linen cloth. The manufacturing' interests comprised one grist mill, two siw mills, one carding mill, and one woolen factory. To day the only factory of note is a single saw and grist mill, situated at Clifton. During the period of its history, several small hamlets or trading centers have been established in this town, among which Clifton has always ranked first in |)oiiit of po[)ulation, although since the construc- tion of the railroad through the northern part this place has lost much of its old- time importance. The population of this village never ex- ceeded two hundred inhabitants, and its business interests have been limited to two or three mills and shops and a like number of general stores. In the early history of the town Clifton was on the old stage road and was then in the zenith of its glory. A post office was estab- lished here many years ago and for a time all local interests flourished, llowever, in 1852 the Buffalo and Rochester railroad (now New York- Central) was opened for traffic and from that time Clifton interests de- clined in importance. Its location in the southwest part of the town is pleasant, and around it is some of the most productive farming lands of the county. The present business interests here comprise the general stores of J. B. Weidner and W. J. Weston, and the water-power saw and grist mill of Brown & McCreedy. In the town, also, though not a part of any village settlement, is the large nursery farm of the (ireen Nursery Company. This enterprise is the leading industry of the town, and one of the most extensive in the entire region and is worthy of mention in this chapter. The managing officer of the company is Charles A. Green. North Chili is a small hamlet in the north part of the town, and de- rives its greatest importance from the presence of the somewhat noted Chili Seminary. As a trading or business center this hamlet has never attained a position of importance, and only a few years ago the post- office was removed from North Chili to Chili Station on the line of the THE TOWN OF CHILI. 2^1 railroad. It was re-established, however, later on. The only business interest here is the general store of A. H. Cady. The Chili Seminary, to which occasional reference has been made, was founded during the fall of the year 1869, through the efforts of the Rev. Benson H. Roberts and in the interests of the Free Methodist Church. The school was first organized in the old tavern at North Chili, that building being used until the completion of the commod- ious structure occupied so many years for the purposes of the scliool. However, in the winter of 1893, an unfortunate fire destroxed the main building, causing serious loss, but in the following year a new and per- haps more attractive seminary building was erected. From the time of its founding to this day, Rev. Benson H. Roberts has been at the head of this most worthy institution and much of its success during all these years has been due to his untiring efforts. In connection with the course of instruction pursued in Chili Seminary, a religious monthly publica- tion is conducted, and known as the Earnest Christian. Mr. Roberts acts in the capacity of editor. The number of students in regular at- tendance at the seminary averages about seventy- five. Chili Station is the name of a hamlet and post-office on the line of the Central railroad, and to the construction of the latter it owes its very existence. Chili is a post village, and South Chili is a mere cluster of houses in the south part of the town. During the long and interesting period of its history, several church and religious societies have been organized in this town, and of each of them we may briefly speak. The pioneer religious society of Chili was the Presbyterian church, for it appears that a majority of the first set- tlers in this region were either Presbyterians or Congregationalists, The local society was organized in June, 18 16, in Isaac Brokaw's barn, the original members being Abel and Bertha Belknap, Patty Heming- way, Leah Merlin, Apollos Dewey, Daniel Clark, Conrad Mortman, Nancy Merlin, Sarah Gridley, Timothy, Joel and Sarah Baldwin, Daniel and F'anny Deming, and Lemuel Potter. The first deacons were Apol- los Dewey and Joel Baldwin. This church was formed as a Riga so- ciety, but after the division of the town assumed a local name. The first edifice was built in 1821, and stood one mile east of Buckbee's Corners. A second edifice was erected on the same site in 1833. The first pastor 252 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. was Rev Mr. Chase, who took charge in 1817. The last pastor was Rev. John Kincaiu who resigned in the spring of 1895. The First Methodist Episcopal church of Chili was organized at Buckbee's Corners, March 20, 1832, with thirty- three original members, h^or a tinie meetings were held in the school-house, but in 1836 the brick church edifice was built at the Corners. This was destroyed about 1850 and at once replaced with a more suitable church house. The present members of this church number about eighty, and the society is under the pastoral charge of Rev. D. D. Cook. A second Methodist church and society were organized in the town at a later day, and had its place of meeting at North Chili, where the church edifice was erected. This society was practically an off-shoot from the mother church above mentioned, and has a healthful membership of about sixty persons. The Vree Methodist church of North Chili was organized during the latter part of i860, by a few former members of the M. K. church who withdrew therefrom and established a new church, and from the latter there grew and developed the Chili Seminary above noted. The church edifice was erected in i860. The first pastor was Rev. J. W. Reddy. The members at present number about sixty persons, and are under the pastoral direction of Rev. B. H. Roberts. The Baptist church of Clif- ton was organized in 1852, by residents of the vicinity of that village who had previously been members of the older church at Wheatland. The first deacons of the new church were Charles Tcnny, A. Harmon and A. Hosmer ; the first pastor was Rev. H. K. Stimson, succeeded by Rev. E. F. Crane. The church edifice was built in 1852. At one time the members of this church numbered one hundred and sixty, but now the number does not exceed eighty. The present pastor is Rev. VV. T. Taylor. The Baptist church at Chili Center includes many for- mer members of the Clifton church, and is in all respects a prosperous society. Its members number about seventy persons. The present pastor is Rev. V. J. Palmer. St. Fechan's church, Roman Catholic, is also one of the religious or- ganizations of Chili, and was formed in 1850. In the same year the church edifice was erected. For several years this church was an out- post, attended from Rochester, Churchville or Scottsville. The present pastor is Rev. F'ather D. J. Curran. The communicating members number about seventy. THE TOWN OP CHILI. 253 In closing this chapter it is proper to make some brief allusion to the schools and educational system of the town of Chili. Early records, though quite brief and meagre, disclose the fact that a school was opened in this part of Riga as early as 1805 or '6, and the first north of Black creek was that at the Center, taught by Mr. Thompson. An- other early school was that taught by Anna Niles, in her father's house, although the first in the town was one of several opened in the south- west part, in the vicinity of Streetor's tavern. In 1822. at the first town meeting, Isaac Burritt and Berkley Gillett were elected school commissioners, and Daniel Bassett, Alfred Schofield and Pliny Fields were chosen school inspectors. After the division the new town was divided into districts and provision made for the support of a school in each. In 1835 these districts numbered thirteen, and the number of children of school age in the town was seven hundred and eighteen. Twenty years later, in 1855, the districts were eleven in number and the children six hundred and ninety-seven. According to the present arrangement, Chili is divided into eleven school districts, and each is provided with a comfortable school- house. Of the buildings, eight are of frame and three of stone construction. The total value of school property in the town is estimated at $11,500. For the school year ending July 31, 1894, the amount of school money available in the town was $4,448.82, of which $1,560.94 was appor- tioned to the town, and $2,761.94 was raised by tax. Twelve teachers were employed during the year, and were paid $3,496.17. The school population of Chili is 61 2. •254 LANr)MARK^^ OF MONROE COUNTY. CHAPTER III. THE TOWN OF CLARKSON. On the 2d of April, 1819, the Legishiturc divided the town of Murray, in Genesee county, and erected a new town under the name of Clark- son. It was so calletl in honor of General Clarkson, an extensive land- holder in this locality, and who donated one hundred acres to the town. Murray, the mother town, now one of the civil divisions of Orleans county, was formed from old North Hampton on the ' tax in the town, $6,727.11. Total amount for the year, $1 1,2 14,38. During the year the amount paid teachers was $7,252 ; for libraries, $250.02 ; for apparatus, $45 ; school repairs and additions (exclusive of the addition to the Charlotte school), $1,742.65 ; all other expenses, $1,236.77. The number of teachers employed in the schools was twenty, and the number of children of school age, 1,653. O^ ^1^^ school buildings, eight are of frame, seven of brick, and one of stone construction. The value of school sites in the town is estimated at $4,600, and of sites and buildings, $22,450. THE TOWN OF GREECE. 279 Charlotte. — In the early history of Western New York the Httle ham- let at the mouth of the Genesee was a point of more than passing impor- tance, and its origin by several years antedated the organization of the county or town of which it now is an integral part. The names from time to time applied to this village have been various, at one time Char- lottsburg, then Charlotte, later Port Genesee and finally and perma- nently Charlotte, now incorporated as such, but with a strong indica- tion at one time on the part of its people to name the village North Rochester. This may have been a prophetic desire, for, should the city increase as rapidly during the next score of years as in a like time past, Charlotte may indeed form a part of the " Greater Rochester." In this immediate vicinity pioneer William Hencher made his settle- ment in 1792, and here also Samuel Latta located and did business as the agent of the Phelps and Gorham proprietary, one of his first enter- prises being the erection of a warehouse. Mr. Latta later on became collector of customs at the Port of Genesee, which port was established here about 18 15. The custom house stood about on the site of the Stutson House. As the interior regions were developed this place be- came a customs port of much importance, in proof of which statement we quote from an old publication describing this point in 1820: " The exports from Port Genesee, according to the collector of customs, for the years 1 818, '19, '20 and '21 were about $375,000. In 1820 the ex- ports were 67,468 barrels of flour; 5,3 10 barrels of potatoes ; 2,643 barrels of beef and pork; 709 barrels of whiskey, and 175,000 staves." The total value of these exports was estimated at $375,000. In 1822 the collector estimated the quantity of flour exported from here at 100,000 barrels, and the value of exports for the year at $500,000. The first merchants at Charlotte were the firm of Childs & Gardiner, while the vessel owner was Porter Benton. Charles Sweet commanded the boat and did business between Charlotte and Kingston and Ogdens- burg. This was in 18 lO. The next year Frederic Bushnell and James K. Guernsey commenced business, but soon afterward, on account of the possible disastrous results of the war, they thought prudent to remove their stock to Victor, Ontario county. However, in 18 15 they returned to Charlotte. Samuel Currier built the first hotel here in 1807 o*" '08, its site being afterward occupied by the Craig House. The second 280 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. public house was opened about 1810 by Erastus Spaulding, and stood where the Stutson House was afterward built. A school was opened in the village in 18 13. During the early history of this hamlet, its village portion lay down the hill, along the river front, where the railroad was afterward built. The now principal business and residence part of Charlotte, along the Boulevard, has been built up within the last quarter of a century, though here are occasionally noticeable some of the dwellings of old residents. At that time, also, the little village gained quite a promi- nence as a boat building point, and from here dozens of craft, large and small, have been launched into the river and lake. In 1809 Roswell Lewis built and launched the schooner " Experiment," and his experi- ment became an assured success. Later on were built the other schooners " General Brown," "Julia," "Mary Jane" and "Charlotte," also the river steamer " United States," and the other schooners "Guernsey" and "Cleveland." The lighthouse was constructed in 1818. Thus we discover that at a very early day Charlotte wasa hamlet of con- siderable importance in a commercial way, and among the men of the times who contributed to the prosperous condition of affairs may be re- called by name Samuel Latta, James K. Guernsey, Frederic Bushnell, Porter Barton, James Currier, J)r. Bingham, T. R. Hawkins, George C. Latta, and others perhaps now forgotten. Other villages of Monroe county have noticeably decreased in popu- lation and business importance as the city of Rochester has increased and enlarged, but Charlotte seems to have been an exception to this rule in many respects. To be sure, some local interests have declined and been abandoned, while others equally important and valuable have been established in their places. Instead of a manufacturing or exten- sive business center, Charlotte has become a summer resorting place of much note; its industries are few while its resources in other directions have developed wonderfully, and all have tended to the general good. In 1867 and '68 the inhabitants of the then hamlet began to discuss the project of incorporation, and in the early part of 1869 that consum- mation was reached. The first election of village officers was held on June 24, of the year last mentioned, and resulted in the choice of Am- THE TOWN OF GREECE. 281 biose Jones, Joshua Eaton, John Farnham, George Hardison and Alex- ander Wilder as trustees. Mr. Jones was elected president of the board of trustees, and F. A. Jones a.s clerk and treasurer; D. K. Thompson, constable and collector. In 1874 a charter was obtained and thereafter a village president was elected by the people, Samuel H. Barnes being the first incumbent of that office. However, after several years of prosperous village life there came a period of disturbance and litigation that threatened the downfall of the village itself, at least in a political way. For a time there were two boards of trustees and occasionally two incumbents for the village offices, with the natural clashing of interests, and also personal conflicts. For a time public excitement ran high but without very serious results. At last better counsel prevailed and good order was speedily restored. The village of Charlotte, as at present constituted, has a permanent population of about twelve hundred persons, and it is in all respects a well governed municipality. The village property consists of a good hall or public building, which was erected during the fall of 1889. The upper part of the hall is used for village purposes, and the lower for fire department apparatus. The latter comprises a good Silsby steamer, a hook and ladder truck, and two serviceable hose carts. There are two organized fire companies, commanded by a chief engineer — John T. Cunningham, and a board of fire wardens, the latter comprising Peter M. Schwartz, John W. Preston, Bert Allen, William Shawnessy, J. T. Cunningham, Benjamin F". East and Nicholas Wickham. The village officers for the year 1895 ^^^ George W. Ruggles, presi- dent; Peter M. Schwartz, clerk; William H. Denise, treasurer; Frank P. Farnam, collector; Thomas Laverty, police justice; William J, Pol- lock, William H. Newcomb, Francis J. Vance and Robert C. Corbett, trustees. Charlotte is also provided with four regularly organized church societies, each of which has a suitable house of worship. They are the Methodist Episcopal, Presbyterian, Roman Catholic and Protestant Episcopal. The First Society of the Methodist Episcopal church of Charlotte was formed at a meeting held at the school house in the village on the 17th of May, 1848, and the board of trustees elected at that time were 36 282 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. William Rankin, John Baker, Collins Wells, George C. Latta and Charles Wickham. For several years after the society had been formed services were held in the school house, but about 1857 the church edi- fice in the village was erected. It is a plain and unpretentious wooden structure, sufficient for the society at the time of organization, but now somewhat small and unsuitable. About the year 1868 or '69 the soci- ety experienced a period of depression and barely escaped dissolution, but in 1873 a reorganization was effected upon a secure and permanent basis. The church is now under the pastoral care of Rev. A. D. Wil- ber, of Rochester. The membership numbers thirty three persons, and in the Sunday school are about fifty attendants. The Presbyterian Society of Charlotte was organized in January, 1852, and immediately thereafter the erection of a church edifice was begun. It was completed in June following, and in the edifice on the 24th day of the month the church organization was perfected, with four- teen original members. The first elders were Joshua Eaton and Z. N. Colburn ; first pastor, Rev. A. Furgeson. This is perhaps the largest religious society in this part of the town, the church members number- ing about one hundred, and about the same number in the Sunday school. The present pastor is Rev. A. M. Lindsay. The Church of the Holy Cross (Roman Catholic) at Charlotte, was organized in 1863, by Rev. John M. Maurice and had an original mem- bership of about twenty five persons. The parish is now materially increased, including all the Catholic families in the northeast part of Greece. After about eighteen years of almost constant use the church edifice, originally a dwelling house, was burned, and in its place, in 1 88 1, a large and substantial brick church was erected. This church and its parish are under the pastoral care of Rev. Father John M. Fitz- gerald. St. George's Protestant Church at Charlotte is the youngest of the religious societies of the village. The church was organized several years ago, and even earlier mission services had been held in the vil- lage. The pretty little chapel was built in 1892. The membership in this church is small but includes all the Protestant Episcopal families of the vicinity. The present rector of the church is Rev. Henry Rollings. In the village regular business interests are fairly well represented. 'THE TOWN OF HAMLTN. 283 There are no manufactures of importance. During the beating season the village presents its busiest appearance and the influx of pleasure- seekers is at times something surprising. From the Port of Genesee boats are constantly departing for other lake points and a correspond- ing number are daily returning. As a summer and pleasure resort Charlotte and the Beach are the most popular places in Monroe county. To accommodate the multitudes frequently gathered here, the village proper is provided with six hotels, while at the Beach are four more. One of the largest and most attractive buildings in the village is the Union school. This was formerly tiie school house of district number four, town of Greece, built in 1869, but through the progressiveness of the people a Union Free district has been established, and in 1894 a material addition was made to the school building. The present Board of Education is comprised of A. J Mulligan, cliairman ; William M. Richmond, John M Allen, and B. S. Adams, clerk. CHAPTER VI. THE TOWN OF HAMLIN. On the iith day of October, 1852, the northern part of the then town of Clarkson was set off and formed into a separate jurisdiction and named Union. Then, as now, the new creation had a superficial area of 26,395 acres of land, the second in size of the towns of Monroe county. Its location is in the extreme northwest corner of the county, and until the completion of the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg railroad was only accessible from the county seat by carriage or foot travel, though in the early history of the region flat boats and other water craft were occasionally employed in transporting wares and pro- duce along the lake shore and thence up the Genesee as far as navi- gable. The land surface in this town is slightly rolling and inclines toward the lake on the north. It is drained by a number of small streams, the largest of which is Sandy Creek. The soil is a sandy, clayey and grav- 284 LANDMARKS OK MONROE COUNTY. ell\' Inam, rich and fertile, strong and enduring in its productive quality, which natural characteristics have been of immense benefit to the inhab- itants of the town, for Hamlin is regarded as one of the best producing districts of the count}'. General agriculture is and for many years has been the cliief occupation of the jjeople, and their special products, those which yield most profitably, are barley and beans ; and it is a poor and ill-kept farm in this town thai will not yield, in an average season, from thirty to forty and frequently more bushels per acre. At one time also, early in the history of the town, salt was manufactured here, though not in sufficient quantity to attract much attention to the locality. Tiie pioneer and early settlement of Hamlin was made while the ter- ritory of the town belonged to the old jurisdiction called Murray, or- ganized from the original township of Northampton in 1808. In 18 19 Clarkson was formed, while Union was not separated from the town last named until 1852. In i860 the name of this town was changed to Hamlin. The early history ot this town is so closely connected with that of Murray and Clarkson that it is difficult to separate them, espe- ciall)' in relation to facts which belong to the history of a region, rather than a limited and quite recently organized district. However, it is said that James M. Carson purchased the first lot of land in this t(nvn in 1 804, though no proof is offered to support the statement that he settled here at that early day. Abijah Sayre and John Chapman bought farms here in 1805, and Perry Nichols in 1806. The first known settlement in this locality was made by Aretas Haskell (some writers call it Hascall), a Yankee from the State of Maine, .in 1808, and he was accompanied or followed very closely by Josiah and Samuel Randall from the same State. About the same time, possibly in the same year, there came John Nowlan and his family of seven sons and daughters — Michael, Hannah, Harry, Loena, Patty, William and Napo- leon. Silas Nowlan, born after the settlement, was the first white male child born in Hamlin, while Michael Nowlan figured as the first school teacher in the town. Next came the Billings family and settled near the lake, a region then not specially desirable on account of the marshy lands and very malarious atmosphere. For this or some now unknown reason, Billings soon left the locality. 1 ^/^Ty/Ti THE TOWN OF HAMLIN. 285 In i8ii the settlers were Alanson Thomas, Joshua Green, and the family of a Dutchmen, named Strunk, the latter settling near the mouth of Sandy Creek. It is not a fact, as found believers in some quarters, that the coming of the Strunk family gave rise to the German element of population now so strong in Hamlin. About the only settler who came here in i8i2 was Steplien Baxter, and his family, from Oneida county, yet even his coming added materially to local growth, as he brought six children — Asahel, Reuben, Polly, Stephen, Lucy and John. During the war of i8 12-15, very little was done in the way of settle- ment or development, as the region, while never invaded or threatened seriously, was quite exposed to the ravages of the British and Indians, and "scares" were of frequent occurrence. However, soon after the close of hostilities other settlers came here, and among the many may be recalled the Wright family, on the Parma line, the descendants of whom are still in the locality. There were also Thomas Hayden, Will- iam Cook, P. Beebe, Joseph Knapp, the Paul and Pixley famijies, Caleb, James and William Clark, Albert Salisbury (near the Center), Isaac Allen, Howard and Aden Manley, Eli Twitchell, all of whom were here previous to 1820, and a number as early as 1815 or 1816. They were chiefly from New England, with a few from the eastern part of New York, but all were united in the common purpose to build up for them- selves and their children a better home in the then new country. That they accomplished substantial results is conceded, and is proven in the many fine farms of Hamlin as it is to-day. However, the character of the population of this town has changed wonderfully during the last thirty- five years, and many of the old pio- neer families are no longer known to the town, though their work and their example have lived after them. As is noticeable all along the lake towns in this county, so in Hamlin, the Yankee pioneers have been followed in occupancy by foreigners, in this particular locality chiefly by Germans, many of them natives of the fatherland, while the younger element are mainly of American birth. And it may be stated that this change in occupancy has not worked any disadvantage what- ever to Hamlin, or to its interests or institutions, for the present people of the town are thrifty, industrious farmers, honest and determined 286 LANDMARKS OV MONROE COUNTY. men and women, and their eftbrts in life liave been rewarded. This statement, too, may be made of the entire population, whether de- scendants of the pioneers or of more recent residence here, for Hamhn is as clean and wholesome a town, socially, morall}- or otherwise, as can be found in Monroe county Returning again to the subject of early history, we may properly re- call some of the first events in the town. The first saw mill was built by Joshua Green, about 1813, and stood on Sandy creek, and soon afterward James Sayres built the second mill west of the Center. Aretas Haskell built the third, Alanson Thomas the fourth, and then still later others by Carney Newell, Mr. Haskell and O. C. Webster until they became numerous in the town. Grist mills were also built and put in operation quite early, that of Alanson Thomas the first, fol- lowed by O. C. Webster, and still later E. K. Webster. The first death in the town was that of Mr. Strunk, in 181 2, followed soon afterward by that of Charlotte Barker. The first tavern was at East Hamlin, built by Philander Kane about 1830, and from this fact the locality was known as Kane's Corners. A. D. Raymond opened a tavern at the Center in 1842, though south of that hamlet David Look previously kept public house. H. Heebe had the first store at the East village, and Daniel Pease the first at the Center, while the first post- master here was Henry Kimball. At East Hamlin the first postmaster was Elisha Wheeler, and at East Kendall, Andrew Clark. At Thomas- ville. North Hamlin, the first postmaster was L. Hovey. Such were the early events of Hamlin history, all perhaps important and worthy of record as they in a manner reflect the pioneers of a region difficult of settlement, and so situated and constituted as to occupy the position of passive factor in the affairs of the county. It is no discredit to say that Hamlin has never built up a municipality of either size or note, nor need her people lament the fact that manufac- turing industries, except saw and grist mills, have never had a place in local annals; but, at the same time, they have never had at an\' time either jail or station house, and very little of lawlessness or evil-doing. The light and opportunity of knowledge has been opened to this people through schools, churches, newspapers and books. When first set off from Clarkson, Union, or Hamlin, had about 2,300 THE TOWN OF HAMLIN. 287 inhabitants, and in i860 had 2,460. In 1870 the population was 2,304, which had increased in 1880 to 2,556. The population of the town in 1890 was 2,338. The first town meeting was held March i, 1853, at the house of John C. Patterson, at which time officers were elected as follows : Ebenezer Barringer, supervisor ; Harry Kimball, town clerk ; Seymour Sherwood, collector; Alanson Thomas, justice of the peace; Charles Barrows, H. J. Smith and Andrew Randall, assessors; Cuitis H, Hole and Peter Crowell, overseers of the poor ; James M. Cusic and Jermon Elliot, highway commissioners ; Seymour Sherwood, George Clow, Daniel R. Childs and E. C. Goodrich, constables. The supervisors of Hamlin have been as follows : Ebenezer Barringer, 1853-61; Seymour Sherwood, 1862-63; Martin Webster, 1864-66; George H. Lee, 1867-71; James N. Kenyon, 1872-74; Walter A. Ferris, 1875-77; James H. Redman, 1878-80; George W. Storer, 1881-83; Enos B.Wood.. 1884-86; James H. Redman, 1887-92; PVank Elliott, 1893 ; James H. Redman, 1894-95. The town officers in 1895 are James H. Redman, supervisor; H. E. Redman, town clerk ; James Burke, overseer of the poor ; A. D. Wood, J. G. Barry, G. M. Burt and J. H. Redman, justices of the peace ; Mel- ville Morey, Joseph Klefhen and Nathan Fisk, jr., assessors ; Henry Schott, collector; Alfred Hosmer, highway commissioner; J. C. Gas- coign, George Stoltz and John Klefhen, excise commissioners; How- ard Manley, Frank Madden, J. G. Nesbitt and Elmer E. Wright, con- stables. During the period of its history there have been built up and estab- lished within the proper limits of this town several small villages or hamlets, none of which has ever attained sufficient population or com- mercial importance to justify incorporation, yet each is conveniently and pleasantly situated in the center of a productive agricultural region, hence a benefit to both town and its people. Among these hamlets, that known as Hamlin Center is the largest, has the greatest number of business houses, and is also the seat of town affairs. The early residents and interests of this place have been described, hence in this connection only the present need be mentioned. The local population numbers about three hundred. The merchants here are James H. Redman & 288 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Son. general store; T. W. Swansen, general store and large produce dealer; James Burke, harness store and shop; Pease & Bullard, gro- cers and druggists ; H C, & A. C. Ilaniil, hardware; Semon & Feltz, proprietors of grist and cider mills. The hotel is known as the Hamlin House. East Hamlin is a quiet little hamlet in the east part of the town, about where was once the settlement known as Kane's Corners. The inhabi- tants here number about 150, and the business interests comprise the general stores of Horner & holler, and Hamil Brothers. North Hamlin is another small hamlet of the town, situate in the northern part, on Sandy creek, where once stood the Thomas's Mills, by which name the locality was once designated. The merchant here is Hiram Hovey. Webster Mills, Kendall Mills, East Kendall, and Morton, designate a small village in the extreme west part of the town, the local interests being principally in the adjoining town of Kendall, Orleans county. This place now bears the name of Morton. The store here is owned by Elliott & Kenyon. A history of the religious societies of Hamlin is a part of general town rather than local records, for they were built up and organized by the people of the town at large. The Freewill Baptist church at East Hamlin was organized about the year 1 824, by Rev. Eli Hannibal, with an original membership of about twenty persons The first church edi- fice was erected in 1834. and was located about half a mile southeast of East Hamlin station. The church of this denomination at North Parma was an offshoot from the society at Plast Hamlin, thirty one members withdrawing to form the new society in 183 I. In later years the soci- ety barely escaped dissolution, but in 1858 was reorganized. The old edifice was abandoned and a new one provided ; and about fifteen years ago a third edifice was erected half a mile south of its predecessor. The membership in this church now numbers about forty-five persons. The present pastor is Rev. E H. Grifiin. In 1883 a Union church was erected by the Freewill Baptist and Methodist Episcopal societies and was located at East Kendall, though on the Hamlin side of the line. The Freewill society here was organ- ized as early as 1828 by Elder Eli Hanibal and has ever since main- THE TOWN OF HAMLIN. 289 tained an existence. After many years of joint occupancy of the old meet- ing house, the societies parted company and the Baptists now have a new church edifice for their own use. The membership comprises fifty persons, and is now under pastoral charge of Rev. R. Tanner. The Methodist Episcopal society at West Hamlin was organized in 1830 and united with the Freewill Baptists in the erection of a meeting house. In the neighborhood of Morton and East Kendall is a fairly large Presbyterian society. Its members number seventy-five persons. Here, also, is a society of the Free Methodist church. It has no regu- lar pastor, services being conducted by supplies. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran church of Hamlin was organized April I, 1875, with eighty-one members, comprising representatives from nearly all the German families then living in North Hamlin. From that time this membership has grown to 300 persons, being by far the largest religious society in the town. The present pastor is Rev. Mr Muehlhauser. The church edifice was built in 1874. The Methodist Episcopal church in Hamlin Center was organized in 1869, and three years afterwards erected a substantial church edifice. The present members number seventy- five. The pastor is H. B. Mason, who also officiates in the same capacity at Morton. Also at Hamlin Center is a regularly organized Baptist church and society, having sixty members and under the pastoral charge of Rev. Mr. Adams. Tradition informs us that the first school teacher in Hamlin was Michael, son of pioneer John Nowlan, but the records furnish very little information by which we can determine either the location or teachers of the early schools. This question, however, is not of great im- portance to the present reader, and we may therefore briefly note the present condition of educational interests in the town. As now con- stituted, the school districts in Hamlin are fourteen in number, and in addition thereto is one public school with about thirty-five pupils. Dur- ing the school year ending July 31, 1894, the amount of money avail- able for school purposes was $4,562.61, of which $1,778.20 was pub- lic money apportiontioned to the town, and $2,541.89 was raised by town tax. In the year mentioned the number of children of school 37 290 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. age was 617, for whose instruction fourteen teachers were employed and were paid for their services $3,648.97. In the town are fourteen comfortable school houses, ten of which are frame, three of brick and one of .stone. The total value of school property in Hamlin is esti- mated at $9,350. CHAPTER Vn. THE TOWN OF HENRIETTA. This town was formed from Pittsford, March 27, 1818, and contains within its boundaries 21,584 acres of land; and land of as good quality for general agricultural purposes as can be found in Monroe county. And it is no idle compliment to say of the farming inhabitants of Henrietta that they have ever been known as a thrifty and enterprising people, descendants from equally progressive ancestors who had to con- tend with more hardships and discouragements than almost any set of pioneers in the region. It so happened that the early settlers of this town were poor men, who came to a little known and then quite un- inviting region, where the lands were at first thought to be of compara- tively small value, and whatever advancement the pioneer was able to make was the result of determined effort; " hard knocks" as known at the present day. Even then, after having made a small beginning, in case it so happened the settler could not promptly meet the payment due on his land, he was ruthlessly dispossessed by the agents, receiving no compensation whatever for improvements made. These are rather unpleasant recollections of pioneer days in Henrietta, yet are nevertheless true, as numerous instances will attest, and show a quite unscrupulous character on the jjart of some of the proprietors. However, in spite of all these early disadvantages and embarrassments the determined pioneers of the town finally succeeded in establishing themselves firmly, developing fine farms, improving every profitable opportunity, and to-day the descendants of these hardy sires find them- tHE TOWN OF HENRIETTA. 291 selves possessed of the desirable comforts of life; and all this is the glorious result of Yankee energy and determination. The early settlement of Henrietta was entirely accomplished while its territory formed a part of the still older subdivisions known suc- cessively as Smallwood and Pittsford. The first mentioned was one of the old provisional districts of Ontario county, and Pittsford was a later formation and of much less area. So long as Henrietta remained a part of Pittsford it was known as West-town, thus describing the western part of the mother town. The first attempt at settlement in this locality was made in 1790, by Major Isaac Scott, who received for niilitary services a grant of nine hundred acres in the southwest part of the town. Major Scott made his improvement in 1790 and after two years of fruitless effort aban- doned his land and sought a more inviting abode. About this time the township passed into the ownership of a party of Holland capitalists, who, being aliens, could not lawfully own lands and hold titles in this country, hence procured the title in the name of their agents, the Wads- worths, who were extensive land operators in the Genesee country. However, it was not until the early years of the present century that the settlement in fact of the town began. In 1806 the town was sur- ve}'ed into farm lots, and almost immediately the pioneers came. The first comers were Lyman and Warren Hawley, who located southwest of the West village. Here they cleared fifty or sixty acres and .sowed part of it with wheat. In the same year Jesse Pangburn made a settle- ment at West Henrietta. The first settler on the east side of the town was Joseph Carne, who came in from Pittsford in 1806. Charles Carne, son of Joseph, born October 16, 1806, was the first white child born in Henrietta. Ira Hatch and Moses Wilder were other pioneers in the same locality, the latter planting the first apple orchard in the town. Mrs. Hatch was the first white woman settler in Henrietta. Other settlers in 1806 were Charles Rice, Moses Goodale, Benjamin Boles, Thomas Sparks, George Dickinson, Asa Champlin, Selah Reed, Gideon Griswold, Asa Hull, William Thompson, Elias Wilder, Capt. Joseph Bencraft, John Gould and Orlando Brown. Jonathan Russell came into the town in 1807, and his son Moody was the second white male child born here. Hezekiah Sherwood was also here in 1807, and the death 292 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. of his infant daughter was the first event of its kind in the town. Other settlers in this year were Jonathan Wilder, Mr. Parish, Artemas Bauer, Phineas Baldwin and his sons Jacob. Ansel and Chailes. In 1808 Silas and I^dward Dunkain settled, and in 1809 Asa Burr and two sons of James Sperry ; Mr. Sperry ca^ue here in 181 2. In 1809 there were but thirteen families in the town. The later settlers may be mentioned collectively and without refer- ence to exact year, f(jr the greatest difficult)' is encountered in deter- mining correctly when many of the old families came in here. There were, however, John and Michael Brihinstool, John Cook, Charles Case, Isaac F. Nichols, P>ederick Samples, Ira McNoll, Charles Cos- grove, Simon Moore, Bitternell Hitchcock, John Spring, Abijah Gould, ^■|ohn and Andrew^ ^shtjiaji, WilHam Leggett and his five sons, Will- iam, Ira, Franklin, Stephen and Charles, all settlers in town previous to or during the year 1 8 12. About the same time or within a year or two afterward there came Charles Daniels. David and Barzilla Archer, Harry Miller, William F'razee, Alva Remington, James Tinker, Daniel Roy, Timothy Torrence, Bishop Stilwell, George I.. Valley (who had a lime kiln here as early as 18 10), Captain Blodgett, David Scribner, and others. Jonathan Smith built the first saw mill in 181 1, and the second was built by P>ager Wells. Daniel Richards put up a small tannery building about 18 13, and with the leather there made Phineas Baldwin and Mr. Austin made shoes for the townspeople. John Gooding was the first distiller, having come from Bloomfield with his brother Ebe- nezer. Sidney Warner made the first chairs in town, and Daniel Hedges afterward set up in the same business. Among the pioneers of Henrietta were a number of old Revolu- tionary soldiers, whose names, so far as known, are worthy of mention. They were Major Gilbert, Joel Clark, Robert McLoud, Lyman Wright and Daniel Phillips. Also in the war of 181 2-1 5, the town was repre- sented by several men who made honorable records, among them Jacob, John and Samuel Hibbard, Loren Connise (died in service), Bartlett (killed), Beckwith (died in 1813), Samuel Cady (died in service), Ira, James and Dr. Phillips. In the town, too, at an early day were a number of squatters, persons occupying land without claim or color of title; and though in no sense THE TOWN OP HENRIETTA. 293 pioneers of the locality, they are perhaps deserving of mention as early residents. So far as known they were George Allen, James Lawless (who made pot ashes), Simeon Magoon, Anson Beebe, Elijah Rose, James Whitehouse, Noble Clark, James Bliss. Amos Wood, James Gor- don, Robert McCloud, Hulbert Wilcox, Lyman Wright, Elihu Roberts, Seth Roberts, Abram Pease, Lyman and Sheldon Pierson, and others named Hartshorn and Baldwin. Several of these were worthy pioneers and afterward became permanent residents and were identified with town affairs. Once well begun, settlement in Pittsford's " west town " was accom- plished rapidlx', and naturally gave rise to the question of a division of the town In fact there was existing some little difficulty between the representatives of the east and west districts of Pittsford, each of course looking for the chief town officers and public improvements for the respective localities. Other disputed questions entered into the con- troversy, whicii, by the way, did not become more serious than a war of words, but the result was a division of the town and the creation of Henrietta; so named in allusion to Henrietta Laura, daughter of Sir William Pulteney. The division was accomplished March 27, 1818, and on the 20th of April the first town meeting was held. The first officers for the new town were as follows : Jacob Stevens, supervisor; Isaac Jackson, town clerk; Martin Roberts, Lyman Haw- ley and Noah Post, assessors ; David Dunham and Elijah Little and Solomon Hovey commissioners of highways; Elisha Gage, collector; Thomas Remington and Daniel Hedges, overseers of poor; Justus Baker, Richard Daniels and Abel Post, school commissioners; Jacob Stevens, Charles Sperry, Chauncey Beedle, school inspectors; Roswell Wickwire and Elisha Gage, constables In this connection may properly be given the succession of super- visors, viz : Jacob Stevens, 1817-20; Elijah Little, 1821-22; Ljman Hawley, 1823 ; Elijah Little, 1824; James Sperry, 1825 ; Elijah Little, 1826-27; Isaac Jackson, 1828-29; Joshua Tripp, 1830-31; Elijah Little, 1832-33; Isaac Jackson, 1834-39; Elisha Gage, 1840; Mat- thias L. Angle, 1841-42,; Isaac Jackson, 1843; Micajah W. Kirby, 1844; M. L. Angle, 1845; Wells Springer, 1846-47; Alexander Will- iams, 1848; Wells Springer, 1849; Alexander Williams, 1850; Ezra 204 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Howard. 1851; Isaac Jackson, 1852-53; Samuel Hoyt, 1854; Ash- man Beebc. 1855; Wells Springer, 1856; Alexander Williams, 1857; Warren Diver, 1858-59; Jerome Keyes, i860; Wells Springer, 1861; Jerome Keyes, 1862-63; A. A Stearns, 1864; Jerome Keyes, 1865-68; William C. De Witt, 1869-70; Robert Martin, 1871-74; Samuel M. Calkins, 1875; Samuel Beckwith, 1876; Marvin WMliams, ,877-79; C G. Starkweather, jr, 1880-82; George J. Green, 1883-84; Ahnon T. Nichols, 1885-87; Cliarles J. Smith, 1888; Charles E. Green, 1889-91 ; Chauncey G. Starkweather, jr., 1892-95. The town officers for 1895 are as follows: Chauncey G. Stark- weather, supervisor; W. H Fretts, town clerk; Samuel Ctilkins, Will- iam Milton, Warren Caswell and Frank Stone, justices of peace; Willett Chase, George De Witt and Pllijah Sherman, assessors ; Thomas Rob- bins, overseer of the poor ; H.J. Holcomb. collector; Daniel Harring- ton, William Shillinger and I. Dayton Ladd, excise commissioners; H. P. Porter, John Glendon and Prior F. Martin, highway commissioners ; William Reeves, Charles Williams, Timothy Haley and Kirk Martin, constables, A rather surprising fact in connection with the history of Henrietta is revealed by the statement that the industries and manufactures of the town were greater in 1820 than at the present time, yet this disclosure in no wise reflects discredit on the town or its people at this day, lor such enterprises as were in operation during the period of early history long ago fulfilled their mission and then passed out of existence in the natural course of events. In the year mentioned three saw mills were running, and there were also five distilleries, and six asheries in the town. Fifteen years later none of these industries was in use, for then the forests were nearly all cut down, rendering valueless the mills and asheries, while the distilleries had found a more profitable location in the thickly populated parts of the county. Notwithstanding this, these years witnessed a substantial growth in stable interests as a brief com- parison will show. In 1820 Henrietta had 6,889 'icres of improved land, 1,562 cattle, 263 horses, 3,382 sheep, while in 1835 there were 1,449 acres of land improved, and 2,234 lisha Beach, purchased together a thousand-acre ;j(,i2 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. tract of land on the east side of the Genesee, and here tliey established the little hamlet called Carthage, about opposite Haniord's Landing. This village was intended to outrival Rochesterville and become the seat of justice of a new county, for it is a known fact that these enter- prising Yankees even tiun had in contemplation the erection of a new county in tlie Genesee country. In 1824 Carthage had several indus- tries and business enterprises, among which were three stores, two warehouses, a hotel, a chair factory, a grist and saw mill, tannery, oil mill, two cooper shops, and a blacksmith shop, and the ever neces- sary distillery. Mr. Strong, in company with Elisha Beach, Herman Norton and Francis Albright, in 181 7, began the construction of a bridge across the river at Carthage and completed the structure in 1819. This historic old pile withstood the ravages of time and the ele- ments only a single year, plus one day, when it fell with a crash into the river. In 1856 a suspension bridge was built over the river at this point, but that, too, met early disaster. However, as years passed, Carthage became a suburb of Rochester, somewhat contrary to the expectations of the doughty Yankee city builders, for their munic- ipality was swallowed up by the growth of the county seat. Returning briefly to the subject of early settlement, we may recall the names of other worthy residents of Irondequoit, among them Oliver Taylor, Mr. Rogers and Captain Spear who located at or near Carthage. Caleb Simmons was the pioneer blacksmith of the town, opening a shop here in 1817. Captain Spear opened public house in Carthage in 18 '9, while Mr. Taylor built the first tannery. John Graham, and hi? sons Joseph and John, jr., were here in 18 17, and Oliver Strong, Harvey Kimball and Levi H. Clark (a lawyer) came in [818. In the same connection maybe mentionetl the names of the brothers Evans (Lester and Sylvester), and also Captain VVoodham, Ira Drake, Harvey Culver, Abner Jennings, Whitney Culver, Captain and John T. Trowbridge. General Moore, the Russels, the Drapers, the Smiths and the Johnsons and Joneses, all of them early settlers, all heads of respected families, and all united in the common welfare of the town. The descendants of some of them are still in the county, but others went away in later years and found homes farther west. These men and their families and descendants improved, developed THE TOWN OF TRONDEQUOIT. 303 and built up Irondequoit. At an early day they were chiefly farmers, following legitimate agricultural pursuits, but later generations have changed the character of occupation, and to-day instead of a farming region Irondequoit has been noted as a market gardening region, standing in the front rank in the county, and also enjoys an enviable fame in the production of berries and small fruits. The town has now villages or hamlets hardly worthy the name as such, though enterpris- ing capitalists have established a summer resort at Irondequoit Bay. As the town is bounded on three sides by water, so, also, to the same extent it is now surrounded with railroads, thus adding to local values and affording easy access to the city on the south bounds of the town. When this town was set off from the parent town of Brighton the local population (1840) was 1,252, and was then supposed to be a reasonably well settled agricultural region. However, during its fifty- five years of existence this population has doubled, the several changes, shown by the census reports, having been as follows : In 1 850 the in- habitants numbered 2,397 J '" i860 the number was 3,547; in 1 870 was 3,990; in 1880 was 1,980, and in 1890 was 2,415. It will be seen from this that the greatest population was reached in 1870, while ten years later the number was reduced to 1,986. The reader will remem- ber that in 1874 the city limits were extended, and included a consider- able portion of land of Irondequoit. After the erection of the town in 1839 the first meeting of the electors was held on the 2d of April, and at that time these ofificers were elected : William Shepard, supervisor; Alexander A. Hooker, town clerk; Isaac Cunis, Alexander A. Hooker, George W. Beers, James Lyon and Abner D. Jennings, justices of the peace; Micajah W. Jackson, Enos Ganyard and Hale Clement, assessors ; Hiram Pardee, Henry Butts, Hosea Rogers, commissioners of highways ; Isaac Warring, and Henry Case, overseers of the poor ; Isaac Butts, collector ; A. H. Selcien, Isaac Butts, Allen Barnes, J. H. Waring and Hiram Hickok, constables. The supervisors of Irondequoit have been as follows: William Shep- ard, 1839-40; William Blossom, 1841 ; William Shepard, 1842; Jonah Brown, 1843-44; John McGonegal, 1845-46; James Marshall, 1847; James Swayne. 1848-49; Benjamin Wing, 1S50; S. W. Bradstreet, 1851-52 ; John Smyles, 1853 ; James Sherry, 1854-55 ; James Swayne, 304 LANDMARKS OF MONROK COUNTY. 1856-57; John Smyles, 1858-59; George E. McGonecjal, 1860-61; Jedediah White, 1862; James Sherry, 1 863 ; A. C. Hobbie, 1864-66; Richard D. Cole, 1867-70; Samuel Dubelbeiss, 1871-72; Henry Walzer, 1873-76; Alexander II. Wilson. 1877; Winfield R.Wood. 1S78-79; John Evershed, 1880-82; Richard Hill, 1883-84; William H. Sours. 1885-91 ; John D. Whipple, 1892-95. The present town officers (1895) are John D. Whipple, supervi.sor ; Ezra Stanton, town clerk ; Isaac Buyck, Joseph A man, Erwin C. Payne, and Abram Franke, justices of the peace; James Eraser, collector; E Bronson, George Dunbar, William J. Serth, Joseph Rayton and David Slater, constables; M. W. Jackson, William E. Rudman and Martin Fritz asses.sors ; Chauncey Porter. Joseph G. Rayton and John C. Aman, excise commissioners ; Jacob Buyck, overseer of the poor. As has been intimated in this chapter the last half score years has developed an inclination on the part of capitalists to make the lake and bay regions a summer resorting place, and the efforts thus far put forth have been rewarded with a fair degree of success, though the vicinity has not yet attained more than a local prominence. No considerable village has yet been built up, nor is there a single merchant doing busi- ness within the limits of the town. Irondequoit is the only post-oflfice, and here the town business is chiefly transacted. The Irondequoit Union Chapel is the only approach at church organization and construc- tion, and here on each Sunday afternoon services are held. The chapel is located near the Forrest House. The W. C. T. U. Hall stands on Titus street, and is to be mentioned among the fixed and beneficial in- stitutions of the township. From the time of its earliest settlement the inhabitants of Irondequoit have taken a zealous interest in the educational welfare of their children. The proximity of the town to the populous city of Rochester has ren- dered unnecessar\' the construction of churches in the town, neither have the people felt the need of a trading center to supply their material wants. Previous to 1839 the schools of this locality were a part of the system in vogue in Brighton, but since that time local provision has been made for their support and maintenance. At the first town meet- ing, held April 2, 1839, the people elected as commissioners of common schools, Alexander A. Hooker, Samuel W. Bradstreet and Jonah THE TOWN OF MENDON. 305 Brown ; and as inspectors of common schools, William Shepard, Isaac Curtis and James Lyon. The first school in Irondequoit was opened in 1814 in a log building, 18x24 feet in size, and was conducted by a young woman brought here from Canandaigua. This old building was accidentally burned, after which the school was transferred to the so- called " Hencher House." According to the present disposition of school interests in Ironde- quoit, the town is divided into six districts, each of which is provided with a comfortable school house. The number of children of school age is 496, and for their instruction nine teachers were employed in 1894, and paid the sum of $2,936.38. The amount of moneys appor- tioned the town for that current year was $1,177.24, added to which the town raised by tax $2,641.01, and had on hand from all sources, $4,011.80. There was paid for libraries, $24.45 ; for apparatus, $1.25 ; for repairs, $286.54, and for other expenses $552.77. Of the si.x school buildings, five are of frame and one of brick construction. The value of sites is estimated to be $1,900, and of sites and buildings $11,400. The town has an area of 10,962 acres, and an equalized value of $1,450,370. CHAPTER IX. THE TOWN OF MENDON. This town was formed from Bloomfield, Ontario county, May 26, 1812, and was township number 11, range 5, of the Phelps and Gor- ham Purchase. The original town of Bloomfield comprised a consider- able tract of land, embracing several surveyed townships, but subsequent subdivisions reduced its area very materially, and now the old name is wholly lost, West Bloomfield being the only district bearing any part of the old designation. Mendon was organized as a town of Ontario county and was annexed to the territory of Monroe on the erection of the latter in 1 82 1. Therefore the early settlers of Mendon were located in the older county, Ontario. 306 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Township ii, range 5, was sold by Phelps and Gorham to Messrs. Franklin and Houghton, and by the latter was subdivided and sold in smaller tracts to several proprietors, whose names were Catlin, Ferris, Waddington, Pepoon, Jonathan Ball, Ebenezer Barnard and Jeremiah VVadsworth. The town is situated at the southeast corner of the county, but notwithstanding its somewhat remote location from the county seat, is regarded as one of the more important civil divisions of Monroe, in point of population, resources and general worth. In area it contains 23,096 acres of land. Its surface in the north and east is rolling, and in the southwest moderately hilly. Honeoye creek flows through the southeast corner, and Irondequoit through near the center. There are several small ponds in the northwest part. The soil is a clayey, calcareous loam, and well adapted to the general agricultural pursuits in which a majority of the inhabitants are engaged. Zebulon Norton has been accorded the honor of being the pioneer of this town, although Captain Jonathan Ball moved to his tract at an earlier date, but finding the surroundings not wholly congenial, sold his interest and returned to Connecticut, whence he came. His grantees were Augustus and Peter B. Porter and Zebulon Norton, the last mentioned of whom made a jiernianent settlement and improvement in 1791. Nor- ton had lived in Victor, but being desirous of building a mill, made the purchase noted, his lands including about 1,820 acres. After erecting a log hut in which to live, this worthy pioneer did construct a primitive saw mill, and also a grist mill, both during the year 1791. As custom increased Mr. Norton enlarged his mills, and they were afterward oper- ated by succeeding members of the family for many years. Zebulon Norton died in 1814, and a number of his descendants, like the pioneer himself, were worthy and valued men in the town. By this it will be seen that Mr. Norton was not only the pioneer of Mendon. but also the founder in fact of the village of Honeoye Falls, a municipalit}' that has always maintained an important relation to the best interests of this county. Among the other early settlers on the Norton tract, or in the vicinity of Norton's Mills, as the settlement was then called, may be mentioned William Moon and his sons Philip and Stephen, also John Moon, the latter dying herein 1801. In 1794 Calvin Perrin, Jason Cross and THE TOWN OF MENDON. 307 Samuel Sterling came here, and in 1798 Jacob Young arrived from Otsego county. Mr. Young lived in the town until the time of his death, March 11, 1872, having attained the remarkable age of 102 years, 10 months, and 18 days. Recalling briefly the other early resi- dents here, we may mention Benjamin De Graw, the village carpenter, whose frame house was afterward occupied by Dr. Knickerbocker. The latter was the founder of Knickerbocker Hall, at Avon. Welcome Garfield was the first schoolmaster, followed later on by Hannah Gates. A school house was built in 18 10. The first birth was in 1795, when William SterUng saw the light of day ; Julia Norton, daughter of Ezra, was born in 1798. Abraham Parish was one of the first tavern keepers, he having opened public house previous to the war of 181 2. John Case, Daniel Gibson, Samuel Ladd and Capt. John Lines, were later landlords. Benjamin Baker was the first blacksmith. John and James Dunn built a distillery about 18 13, and about the same time James Dixon and Atwell & Grout had pot asheries. Clark & Wright were the pioneer tanners. Smith Wicks had the first carding machine, but Samuel Hanna changed the building to a trip hammer shop. Turning briefly from the pioneer settlers and events in the vicinity of Norton's Mills, let us note the names of early occupants of other parts of the town. On the Porter tract the first settler was one Moore, followed by Daniel Shaw, John Babcock, Stephen Burton, Luther Gates, Abner Bond, Zebedee Bond, Thomas Sanford, Samuel Jerome, W. F. Waite, Edward James, Gideon Ball, Zebulon, Robert, Ezra and Henry Townsend, John Moore, Marvin Smith, Henry Shelters, and others. In the " Eleven Thousand Acre Tract," the purchase of James Wads- worth, the pioneer was Cornelius Treat, while other early comers were Benjamin ParkT Dan Williams. William Hickox, Squire Gofif, John Newton, Stephen Porter, Salmon Miller, David Beers, Elijah De Land, Samuel Lane, Joseph Lunt, Timothy Barnard, Noah Cole, Benjamin Eckler, Abraham De Garno, Jonathan Dewey, Joab Hughes, William Lane, Charles Foote, Gideon Ball, Elijah Williams, Ebenezer Rathburn, Moses PIverett, Moses Rowell, Ralph Strong, Daniel Dunks. Samuel Stimson, Knowlton, Woodbury, Michael Molatt, Dr. John Delamater, Henry Wilson, Henry Hinman, Perrin Batchellor, Abijah Marshall, Ambrose Mattison Philetus Chamberlain, Edward De Wolf, Chauncey 308 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Roberts, John Story, Calvin Mansfield, Rufus Colvin, and Samuel Rose, all of whom are believed to have been in the town previous to 1815. The " Callin and I'^erris Tract," so called, was surve)ed in 1792 into fifty-five lots. It was at one time known as the " Franklin Tract," and for many years was the subject of litigation. Settlement here was somewhat delayed, yet among the early comers were the brothers Selley, named John, Satchel and Clark, also Daniel Lines, John Hayes, Elijah De Land, John Harris, William Russell, David Fellows, Joseph Smith and Robert Briggs, each of whom in his own way contributed to the general development of the region. With settlement begun and accomplished so rapidly is indicated by the numerous names above given, the reader must see that the early creation of a new town was not only desirable for the convenience of the inhabitants, but absolutely necessary for their own and the public good. In 1810 the population of this district was estimated at 1,000 persons, and the people, living as they did, west of the center of trade in old Hloomfield, naturally sought an organization among themselves. Consequently, on the 26th day of May, 18 12, the town was divided and Mendon erected into a separate jurisdiction. The first meeting of electors was held on the first Tuesday in April, 18 1 3, at the house of Thomas Ewer, and adjourned to his barn. Timothy Barnard was chosen moderator and under his supervision the meeting was conducted, with result in the election of the following officers : John Allen, supervisor ; Daniel Dunks, town clerk; William Smith, Cornelius Treat and Cholett Cady, assessors ; John Newton, Thomas Vandevere and Thomas Shaw, jr., highway commissioners ; Hezekiah Newcomb and Charles Day, overseers of the poor; Calvin Mansfield, jr., collector and constable ; Timothy Barnard and William Brown, commissioners of schools; Cornelius Treat, Charles Day and Daniel Dunks, inspec- tors of common schools. The succession of supervisors of Mendon from the year of its or- ganization to 1895 has been as follows: Jonas Allen, 18 13- 15 ; Cholett Cady, 1816; Ezra Sheldon, jr., 1817; C. Cady, 1818; James Parmele, 1819; C. Cady, 1820; James Smith, 1821-25; Elijah Sheldon, jr., 1826-27; Timothy Barnard, 1828-29; Charles Foot, jr., 1830-31; Milton Sheldon, 1832; Jeremy S. Stone, 1833; Milton Sheldon, jr.. J-c^.,^^f^U-^^M. C^'lfr^^je^^-^iCct^-*^^^ THE TOWN OF MENDON. 309 1834; Elijah S. Rust, 1835 ; Henry E. Culver, 1836; George S. Stone, ^^37-S^ '^ I'^iye Abbott, 1839; Abram Cole, 1840-42; John Park, 1843; Mason Cole, 1844-45 ; R- M. Gates, 1846-50; Thonias Wilcox, 1851-52; Benjamin Smith. 1853-54; George W. Allen, 1855-57; Anson L. Angle, 1858; Timothy H. Holden, 1859-60; John M. Davis, 1861-62; G B. McBride, 1863; Timothy H. Holden. 1864; E. H. Barnard, 1865-66; John M. Davis, 1867; E. H. Barnard, 1868; Timothy H. Holden, 1869-70; Homer C. Ely, 1871-77; Judson F. Sheldon, 1878-80; Charles Strong, 1881-85; Theodore E. Bramble, 1886; Charles Strong, 1887-88; Porter Smith. 1889-90; George Webster, 1891-95. The officers of the town for the year 1895 ^^^ George Webster, supervisor ; Fred C. Nan, town clerk ; L. N. Allen, William Buberry and H. E. Bushman, justices of the peace ; John Jones, E. D. Allen and Allen Graves, assessors ; F'red J. Bare and Schuyler La Mont, overseers of the poor; J. L. Harnish, collector; M. M. Burt, C. R. Hyde, and William H. Howland, excise commissioners ; A. W. Starr, Robert Greer and William Wood, constables ; John Quinn, N. T. Earl and George A. Stayman, road commissioners. Honeoye Falls. — This pleasantly situated municipality has long figured as one of the most interesting and historic villages of Monroe county, and in its record and annals dates back to the very beginning of the present century. In a preceding portion of this chapter is told the story of its first settlement and founding by Zebulon Norton, from whom it was named " Norton's Mills," a name that was retained until 1838. In 1 82 1, when the other settled localities of the county, in- cluding the county seat, were mere hamlets, Norton's Mills was a place of some importance in the commercial history of the region, as at that time there was in operation here Lyman Norton's saw and grist mills, Andrew Young's carding machine, Hanna & Baxter's gun shop, Atwell & Grout's general store, also an ashery, Daniel Barnes's wagon shop, Harry Dunn's cooperage. John Fox's shoe shop, two blacksmith shops. Parish's tavern, and other evidences of village life. Dr. Dirck Knickerbocker was the local physician, and the place also had a tailor, a school and a church. From this small beginning the settlement grew into early local im- 310 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. portance, and as early as 1838 the inhabitants procured an act of in- corporation under the name "The Village of Honeoye Falls," and from that time the old designation of Norton's Mills was dropped. The act incorporating the village was passed March 13. and on June 5th fol- lowing the first village officers were elected, viz.: Henry P. Culver, Samuel Rand, Harry Allen, Hiram Finch and Matthew Ogden, trustees ; John B. Dixon, Samuel P. Sterling and Adam VV. Willis, assessors ; Horace Wheeler, clerk and treasurer ; Jotham Bickford, collector. On April 24, 1865, an amendatory art enlarged the corporate powers of the village, and a still further amendment was passed in 1869. By these a charter was obtained and from that time Honeoye Falls became a village of the first class. The present village officers are as follows : J. D. Martin, president; E. G. Brooks, clerk; G. R. Dutton, treasurer; Daniel Druschel. constable and collector ; J. D. Martin, Sylvester Wil- cox, W. R. Yorks, William Lacy, H. S. Benham and A. B. Peck, trustees. The village hall was built in 1881, and is in all respects a substantial and useful building. The lower floor is occupied for fire and munici- pal purposes, while the upper story is neatly arranged and fitted for entertainm nts. The village fire department is a well equipped and regulated organization, and comprises four companies. The apparatus is a good Silsby steamer, a hook and ladder truck, two hose carts and 1,500 feet of good serviceable hose. Water for use in extinguishing fires is taken from the outlet and also from wells and cisterns in various parts of the tovn As at present constituted and established, Honeoye Falls is regarded as one of the most progressive villages of this county, and in point of manufactures and commercial interests is first in importance outside the city. The outlet for almost a century has furnished ample water power for many mills that have lined its banks on either side, but during the last few years the value ol this stream as a mill privilege has been practically destroyed by the appropriation of the waters of Hemlock Lake for municipal and domestic purposes in the city of Rochester. To be sure compensation has been made the mill owners in nearly all cases, and steam has been substituted as a motive power, to replace the water power, yet the query naturally arises as to the ultimate effect of THE TOWN OF MENDON. 311 this diminution of volume of water on the industries and business in- terests of the village. Having already noted the early manufacturing and business interests of the village, we may with equal propriety mention those that have a a present existence here. The manufacturing mterests now in success- ful operation are the woolen mills of A. H. Hunt; the flouring mills of' H. E. Boardman and William Hamilton; the sash, door and blind fac- tory and planing mill of M. & S. Pierce; the large cooper shops of James Claffie ; the plant for the manufacture of " conveyor flights," owned and operated by Charles H. Fairchild ; and the Enterprise Straw- board and Wrapping-paper Company, operated by J. G. Neal, F. A. Neal and H F. Brooks, In the same manner we may briefly refer to the present mercantile interests of the village, among which are the general stores of J. H. Bernard, Pratt & Little, F. S. Hanford, William Downey, and E. F. Park & Son ; the furniture and undertaking stores of Burton & Brooks ; J. F. Kent's tobacco store; Sherman & Tyrrell, custom tailors; Jesse Carley, grocer ; Max L. Ney, harness shop and store ; J. J. Donnelly, bakery; E. H. Cutler, grocer; F. L. Remington, druggist; Robert Layton, jeweler ; S. Lowenstein, clothing; G. R. Dutton, druggist ; W. G. Starr, hardware ; J. M, Pride, liardware. There are also two good and well appointed hotels, the Wilcox House and the Ridzenthaler House. Other business interests equally worthy of mention are those' of Downey & Lacy, also Humphrey & Holdridge, both dealers in coal and produce ; W. H. Tring, coal, produce, and elevator ; E. F. Dibble, seed dealer. Another of the institutions of the village, worthy of more than pass- ing notice, is an excellent Union free school, the district of which em- braces the village proper and some territory adjacent. The school house is a large brick building, substantially built and well arranged. Here six teachers are employed, and the attendance averages between four hundred and five hundred pupils. The members of the Board of Education are M. H. Cutler, J. H. Barnard, J. W. Flick, C. A. Shuart, G. R. Dutton, James Claffie and Leonard Burton ; clerk, D. G. Brown. A newspaper, the Honeoye Standard, was started in the village as early as 1837, t>y Gary A. Hough, and he was succeeded by Vedder & 312 LANDAfARKS OF MONROE COUNTY Norris. The paper was discontinued after about two years. In Janu- ary, 1863, S. Francis Jory issued the first number of the Mendon Free Press, but on January i, 1 869. the name was chan<^ed to Honeoye Falls Free Press, and so remained to the end of its existence. The Honeoye Falls Gazette came next. August 12, 1876, with A. Tiffany Norton, proprietor, and C. A. Goheen, editor and manager. This paper was continued about fifteen years, and was succeeded about four years ago by the Honeoye Falls Times, a bright, newsy and well edited paper, issued weekl}', and under the proprietorship of William O'Brien. The Bank of Honeoye Falls had its origin in a banking business established in the village on April i. 1868, by F. H. Holden, A. H. Martin and B. T. Martin. This firm was succeeded on May i, 1870, by A. M. Holden, who has continued the business to the present time. Among the several orders and societies that have found organized life in the village may be mentioned Union Star Lodge No. 320, F. & A. M.; also a lodge of United Workmen, of Red Men, of I'^. K. O. R.; a G. A. R. Post; also one or two other benefit societies. The First Methodist Episcopal church, Honeoye Falls, was organized as a society of the town February 21, 1820, and reorganized in October, 1824. A church edifice was built in 1825. This church is now under the pastoral care of Rev. L. D. Watson, and has a membership of about one hundred and sixty persons. The society of the Christian church or the Church of the Disciples of Christ, was organized November 24, 1817, and two years later the erec- tion of a meeting house was begun, but not completed until 1826. A new and large stone house of worship was built about 1 840, the frame portion of which was burned only a few years ago. The Presbyterian Church at Honeoye Falls was organized March 1, 1 83 I, with only six original members, although during that year forty- seven persons united with the church. The first church edifice was completed in 1831, and was afterward substantially rebuilt The pres- ent members of this church number about 200 persons. The pastor is Rev. George P. Frost. The parish and church of St. John's, Protestant t^piscopal. was (or- ganized June 24, 1840, S. Rust and Horace Wheeler being the first wardens. A plain though substantial church edifice was soon after- THE TOWN OF MENDON. 313 ward erected, and for many years the church maintained a healthful existence. However, during more recent years interest seems to have declined and only occasional services are held in the village. St. Paul of the doss Roman Catholic church of Honeoye Falls was organized as a parish about the year 1850, although the church edifice was not erected until twenty years afterward, the priest in charge at that time being Rev. Father W. Gregg. The present priest is Rev. Father M. J. Clune. In this parish are about 500 Catholics. The Evangelical Reformed church of Honeoye Falls, commonly known as the German Lutheran church, was organized March 26, 1862, with seven members, and Rev. Louis Herman as pastor. The church edifice was erected in 1866-67. The present pastor of this church is Rev. Paul Reinhardt. Mendon is a small though pretty little village of about five hundred population, situated in the eastern part of the town. Here it was that pioneer Ebenezer Barnard settled, and here also Jonas Allen purchased and built a pioneer saw mill on the creek. A. H. Rand also built a carding machine here at an early day, and Mendon was the first post- office established in the town. Timothy Beman was the first post- master. However, in the history of the town, Mendon never acquired the importance gained by its sister hamlet on the outlet, lacking, per- haps, the superior mill privileges possessed by the falls village. Still, Mendon has ever been a hamlet of considerable note in town annals, and in 1855 contained two churches, a steam flouring mill, a steam saw mill, a foundry and about 200 inhabitants. The present interests com- prise two good general stores, owned by Benjamin Dolby and Finucan & Taylor, and three hotels, known respectively as the " American," the " Cottage" and the " Mendon." The F"irst Baptist church of East Mendon has an interesting history, and one that dates back to the early years of the country, about 1807, when informal meetings were held in the dwellings. On December 21, 1809, a society was formed, and found admission to the Palmyra asso- ciation in 1 8 12. A house of worship was soon provided, succeeded by others more modern in appearance, but about two years ago the edifice was destroyed by fire. Not dismayed by disaster, the society have 40 314 LANDMARKS OF xMONROE COUNTY. now in course of erection a new church home, suitable to the needs of the congregation. The Presbyterian church of Mendon was organized January 5, 181 5, as a Congregational society, and in 1819a church edifice was erected. During its early historj', this church experienced many vicissitudes, and maintained iiardly more than a doubtful and struggling existence. Hut at last a reorganization was effected and future prosperity became an assured fact. A new church home was first occupied in 1826. The present pastor is Rev. William Smith. Mendon Center is the name of a little hamlet in the north part of the town, established and built up as a trading center for the convenience of the inhabitants in this locality. The local population is about lOO. The business interests here are the general stores of Mrs. Senn, Mrs. Joseph Malone, the excellent cider mill of Melton Ford, and the grist mill of Eugene Kuntzer. The Friends' society and meeting house have an abiding place in this general locality. This primitive organization was made in 1829 and 1830, and in 1832 the meeting house was built. The society now numbers about a dozen families. The speaker is J. J. Cornell. Sibleyville, at one time a hamlet of considerable note in local his- tory, and the place where Colonel Sibley built the saw mill and carding machine, and where he also manufactured agricultural implements, is now virtually a thing of the past, living only in history. In i 830 Hiram Sibley and D. A. Watson, partners, carried on a large business here, employing about eighty men during the year, and both became men of wealth and influence. However, the old interests were long ago dis- continued, and even the more recent ones now abandoned, and to-day the once thriving hamlet has neither mill nor shop The proper education of the youth of the town has ever engaged the earnest attention of the inhabitants and authorities of Mendon, but however important to local history this subject may be, the absence of reliable data precludes the possibility of furnishing more than the slightest allusion to the school system of the town, and then even in the most general way. Old records and documents disclose to us the information that a school was opened in or near the Norton settlement as early at least as the year 1800, and that Welcome Garfield was the THE TOWN OF MENDON. 315 first teacher. This school was of course kept in a log building, as the luxury of a frame building for such a purpose in this locality was not known previous to 1810. In the latter, when erected, Mr. Skidder was an early pedagogue, and later ones were Levi Hovey and Abigail Met- calf. In the vicinity of Mendon Center and also Sibleyville, schools were opened very early, though we have no reliable data as to the year or exact location of either. in 1813 at the election of first town officers in Mendon, Cornelius Treat, Charles Day and Daniel Dunks, were chosen inspectors of com- mon schools, while Timothy Barnard and William Brown were elected commissioners of school funds for the town. In 1820 the school dis- tricts were ten in number, and the children in the town between the ages of five and fifteen years numbered 632. In 1835, by which time there had been a material growth in population, the districts were sev- enteen in number, and the number of children of school age was 1,015. Still later, in 1858, the districts numbered eighteen and the children 913. According to the present disposition and management of school interests in Mendon, the town is divided into eighteen districts, each of which except Nos. 8 and 10 is provided with a good comfortable school house. Of these buildings twelve are of frame, two brick and two stone, and are estimated to have, with the lands on which they stand, an aggregate value of $20,375. The report of the school commis- sioner for the year ending July 31, 1894, discloses the fact that in that year the total amount of moneys available for school purposes and for 'use in this town, was $15,684.61, of which amount $2,885.94 was public money apportioned to the town, and the sum of $4,858.52 was raised by town tax. There was received from the Regents $125.05, and from other sources $7,607.27. In 1894 the school census of the town was 898 children, for whose instruction twenty-two teachers were employed and paid wages to the amount of $6,804.79. In addition to this there was paid for libraries $154.18; for apparatus, $30.20; for additions and repairs $1,007.34, and for all other expenses, $1,127.54 31G LANDMARKS ()F MUNROE COUNTY. CHAPTER X. THE TOWN OF OGDEN. On the 27th of January, 1 8 17, the Legislature passed an act by which the town of Parma, then one of the civil divisions of Genesee county, was divided, and the southern portion erected into a new town by the name of Ogden ; and so called in allusion to William Ogden, the son- in law of John Murray, and the latter an original proprietor of the lands. The town embraces a part of the " Mill Yard " or " Mill Scat " tract, which was pu' chased from the Seneca Indians by the Phelps and Gor- hani proprietary, and in which transaction the customary charge of fraud was made. In his treaty with the Indians, Mr. Phelps wished to obtain a tract of land west of the Genesee, but the natives were only willing to cede the lands east of the river A compromise was finally made by which a tract twelve miles wide and twenty- four miles long was granted to Phelps and Gorham for a mill yard, and the Indians were soon afterwards much astonished to learn how little land was really necessary for a mill and how much was required for the mill yard. Hence we have the name '* Mill Yard Tract," which included within its boundaries the present town of Ogden. Ogden is one of the interior towns of the county, lying west of the center. The surface is comparatively level or gently undulating with a slight indication toward the north. The stream.s are small brooks, forming head branches of Sandy, Salmon and Little Black creeks. The soil is a fine quality of calcareous and clayey loam, and possesses a changeable nature. In certain localities the lands were avoided by early settlers as being heavy and not very productive, while other sec- tions had light and easily cultivated areas, and were much sought by pioneers. In later years, however, the result of constant tillage changed the conditions and while the once heavy lands became much lighter the formerly light lands became heavier; but all, from first to last, have THE TOWN OF OGDEN 317 been higlily productive, and among the agricultural towns of Monroe county Ogden holds a position in the front rank. It has also been noted as one of the best wheat and potato producing towns of Western New York, while in fruits it ranked well. All cereals yield abundantly in response to the efforts of the husbandman, yet many of these pro- ducts are now unprofitable, hence discontinued, and in their stead other corps are cultivated, to all of which reference will be made in another part of this chapter. Referring briefly to the subject of early ownership of the lands of Ogden, the statement may be made that New York ceded this entire region to Massachusetts, and the latter commonwealth sold the fee in the land to the Phelps and Gorham proprietary subject to the Indian title. However, the State of New York retained the right of sov- ereignty and jurisdiction over the ceded lands. After the Indian title had been extinguished, ihe region was surveyed into townships by Judge Fuller, who established an office at Canandaigua. Ogden, as at present constituted, comprises one township, divided originally into 230 farm lots of about 1 00 acres each, and contains a little more than thirty- seven square tuiles of land. The lots were offered to settlers at two dollars per acre, an unlimited time being given for payment so long as improvements were being made and the annual interest paid. This was a most fortunate provision for the pioneers, as but few of them possessed sufficient means to pay for their lands when they came into town. They were chiefly New England Yankees with a sprinkling of Mohawk and New Jersey Dutch, and were attracted to the region of Western New York as settlers in a new and undeveloped country They came to make homes and none of them had money with which to buy luxuries. They were content to find a suitable abiding place, and here they built log houses, cleared the forest lands and laid a substan- tial foundation for future prosperity, both for themselves and their descendants. The disposition and settlement of the lands in this town was under the direction of James Wadsworth, the representative of the proprietor, and when the farm tracts were in constant demand pioneer John Gott was appointed local agent under Wadsworth, the latter being then located at Genesee, or " Big Tree." John Gott was brother of Samuel Gott, and father to Oscar F. Gott of Spencerport. In carrying out the 318 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. purpose of his agency Mr. Wndsvvorth visited New l^ngland to induce settlement in the Genesee country, but then referred to as Fairfield in the town of Northampton. A public meeting was called at Haddam, Conn., after which Daniel Arnold, father of Elder Enoch Arnold, visited this region that the proposed settlers might fully and truthfully under- stand the conditions awaiting them in the West. Arnold's report was favorable and in i8o2 George W. Willey made the first settlement in what afterward became Ogden In August of that year he made an improvement on the west side of what is now called Union street, about half w.iy between Ogden Center and Spenceiport. Mr. Willey is accorded the honor of being the first permanent settler in Ogden, and he was, withal, an enterprising and worthy man in the locality. His wife died in April, 1804, and in the next year Mr. Willey married widow Brown, whose pioneer husband had died in the town in 1803. Daniel Arnold, the emissary of the Haddam contingent of colonists, first came to the town in i8oi,and became a resident in 1803. The next \'ear he brought his family here. He was the first resident sur- veyor in the region and his services were in constant demand. Mr, Arnold was born in Haddam, June 9, 1757, and in 1781 married Esther Fox. Their children were Daniel C, an early school teacher and also surveyor in the town, and Sally, Lydia, Aaron, Esther, David W.. F^paphroditus. Enoch, Sophia, Ebenezer and Mary many of whom were afterward prominently connected with loCrd histcMj-. The pioneer himself died during an epidemic of " black tongue "in 1813. In December, 1802, Abraham, Isaac, Timothy and l^phraim Colby came to the town and settled on what afterward became known as Colby street. This party of pioneers encountered many hardships in the course of their journey, one of them having his feet frozen, while an- other was severely cut with an axe while attempting to remove a fallen tree from the road. Each ot these brothers located and cleared a good farm, and some of them were associated with first events in town his- tory. John M. Colb}', son of Abraham Colby, was the first white male child born in the town, in 1803, while Betsey, daughter of Ephraim Colby, born in October of the same year, was the first white female child born in Ogden. She married John A. F"incher, father to Mrs. Joseph Parker of Ogden. In 1804 Ephraim Colby, sr.. and three other THE TOWN OF OGDEN. ■ 319 sons, Zacheus, Eastman and Merrill, came to the town, but Zaclieus, who was a physician, settled on the Ridge. The others became heads of famih"es liere and added greatly to early local prosperity, for each was an industrious and energetic man. Ephraim, the pastor, died in 1823 ; his wife in 1806. Eastman Colby was a colonel of militia in the war of 18 12-15. ^"d one of the foremost men of the town in his day. He died in 1859. Each of these seven pioneer brothers lived and died on the farm settled by him. In 1803 several new settlers came in, among them Josiah Mather and Mason Brockwa)', both of whom located south of the Center. Jonathan Brown settled north of the Center, and Henry Hahn, on the north town line. The Center church stands on the Brown farm. William Banning and Justin Worthington also located in the vicinity in 1 803, and the latter was quite prominent in local history ; was the last town clerk of the old town of Northampton, and the first in Parma, also the first school com- missioner of Ogden. Other settlers in this year were Judge William B. Brown, whose father, Daniel Brown, is said to have preached the first sermon in Ogden (at George VV. VVilley's house in 1805) and William H. Spencer, the latter the builder of the first saw mill in Ogden, and who brought the machinery and mill irons from Connecticut, driving an ox team the whole distance. Still greater numbers came in 1804 and made settlements in the town, among whom were Benajah Willey, Dr. John Webster, Daniel Spencer, Benjamin Freeman, John Gould, Isaac Nichols, Mr. Snow and Daniel Wandle, all from Connecticut. Spencer and Freeman came together, and both were were prominent in early history. Freeman was the first collector elected in Ogden, while Mr. Spencer was the founder in fact of the village of Spencerport. His purchase comprised 180 acres and included nearly the whole of the village. The canal was laid out through his lands and completed in 1825, and soon after Mr. Spencer began selling village lots. He also built a water power grist mill, though he died (1834) betore it was fully completed. Daniel Spencer married twice, his second wife being Polly Foster, by whom he had three chil- dren, Joseph A., John and Libbeus F. Spencer. Dr. John Webster was in the war of 1 81 2, and in town affairs was especially prominent. He was the first physician and a remarkably good man. His wife was 320 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Susan B. Allen, and both were born in 1780. Their children were Stephen, Asa, Jeremiah, Sylvester, Alvin, Huldah, William, John, Will- iam (2d), Hiram and Susan. The pioneers of 1805 were few but amonjr them were John D. Web- ster and Samuel Flagg. both of whom were men of influence and worth. Mr. Webster came from Salisbury, N H., and located on Colby street, with his young wife. I lis children who were born in Ogden, were Persis E., John West and Clarissa M., and Samuel and Nathaniel, all of whom are now dead. Mr. Flagg also settled on Colby street, where many of his children were born. They were Hannah, Henry S , James. Thomas, Charles, Samina, Ely, Ann, Edwin and Samuel. In 1806 William Web- ster came to the town, and about the same time Norn)an Davison, Charles Freeman, James King and others, all New Englanders who sought to make homes in the new country. In 1808 Austin Spencer, Ezekiel Goodwin and Oliver Gates came to the town. Joseph A. Spencer now lives on the farm taken by his uncle Austin in 1808, and it has been in the family more than eighty five years Charles Church and Gustave Huntley were also settlers about this time. John P. Pat- terson, the first supervisor of the town, came here in 18 10, and Stephen Gridley. a well remembered pioneer, in 181 i. James Pettengill, Adol- phus Simons, Ira Nichols, Benjamin Simons and John Walton came about the same year. In 18 13 Samuel Kilbourne came from Broome county and located in the north part of the town. However, for several years following 181 i but few settlers came to the region, for at that time the second war with Great Britain was in progress and the whole territory of Western New York was threatened with invasion. The available men of Parma were among the enrolled militia and subject to call to the frontier, and on one or two occasions were ordered out on the lines. Colonel Eastman Colby was frequentl} on the frontier and the young men of Parma were quite anxious to serve under his leadership. However, the war passed without serious injury to local interests, other than to delay settlement for a time. Ansel Chapman may fairly be regarded as the pioneer of the south part of the town, though his settlement dated 1814. He came with his fam- ily from East Haddam, Conn., with a yoke of cattle and a span of horses and located where his son John now lives, and here he built a tu^ THE TOWN OF UGDEN. 321 log house, and later a frame one. His wife was Abigail Chauncey, sister to Henry Chauncey, one of the builders of the Panama railroad. Mr. Chauncey took up fifty acres but increased his land to 220 acres. Edward Covell, a Vermonter, settled in the southwest part of the town in 18 1 5, and was the head of a large and respected family. About the same time came the Gotts, Samuel and John, who located nearer the center, Samuel where his son Fred. E. Gott now lives. Stephen Ross came from Salisbury, N. H., in 18 16, and settled one mile south of Adams Basin, where he had a farm and also a cabinet shop. His chil- dren were George, James, Bartlett, Arnold, Benjamin F., Ralph, Stephen and Frances. Josiah Rich came from Washington county in 181 8, and before going on a farm was tavern keeper and lumber merchant at the village. In his family were eight children. Joshua, Edmund and Reu- ben Whittier came from Raymond, N. H., soon after 18 12 and settled in Ogden, Joshua on Union street and the others on what was known as Whittier street. Reuben afterward moved to Wisconsin. Joshua's children were Richard, Samuel and Martha, and Reuben's, Sarah, Mary, Alvira and Lucinda. Edmund's children were Elisha, Julia, Asenath, Charles, Martha, Rufus and J, Newton. The last mentioned now owns his father's old home farm. Cornelius Voorhis settled where W. W. Nichols now lives in 1813 or '14. He died in 1872. He was a son of John Voorhis, a pioneer on the Buffalo road. The Tucker family were also among the pioneers of Ogden, though recollections of them are, meagre. The old Caleb Tucker farm was purchased by John A. Fin- cher in 1834, and is now occupied by Joseph Parker and family. Amos Clark Wilmot, a soldier and pensioner of the war of 1812-15, was an early settler of the Center road. He began chopping and eventually bought the Trowbridge farm. His wife was Elizabeth Hiscock, by whom he had six children : Louisa, Lucina. Servetus, George, Seymour and Amos. Pioneer Wilmot passed the last twenty-five years of his life in Rochester, and there he died in 1881. William Hiscock settled on the farm now occupied by Mr. Sias in 18 17, and died there in 1823. He had a large family. Among the other early settlers though perhaps not pioneers in Og- den, may be mentioned the names of Major Gillman and his sons Will- iam, Hiram and Amos, Nicholas Kelley, Charles Eber, James Cate and 41 322 LAXDMAHKS (>F MONROE OOT'NTY. his sons Enoch, Tlionias and Reuben, James and John Hill and Aaron Robinson, all of whom were in the east part of the town. In the same connection may also be named John Brigham, Timothy Kneeland, James Baldwin, Harry Patterson, Darius Clark, Zachariah Olmstead, Simeon Wheeler, Bezaleel Whitney, John Woodard, Aaron Arnold, Joseph Stanley, Windsor Trowbridge, Rufus Humphrey, Theodore Goodwin, Knos Pembroke, Joseph Webster, John Collister, John Evans, Thomas Lindsley, Jesse and Stephen Mason, Israel Osmon, Stephen Angel ; and also the Gilletts, Vanests, Walkers, Browers, Keelers, Crom- wells, Handys, Hodges, nearly all of whom were in the east part of Ogden and many of whom have descendants in the town. On the west side, besides those already mentioned were the families whose sur- names were Perry, Dart, Dewey, Oilman. Osborne, Hill, Richmond, Hall, Graves, True, Pettingill, Howard, Hubbell, Ross, Hicks, Rollin, Stone, Anderson, Boughton, Niles, Adams, Danforth, Parmele, Mc- Brown, Curtis, Doty. Goodrich. Rich, and others whose names have been lost and have no representatives in the locality. These early settlers in Ogden were chiefly farmers, yet some of them were mechanics and worked at their trades after coming to the tow n. They also established schools and organized churches that the educa- tional and spiritual welfare of the people might be promoted. The earliest trading point was established at the center of the town in accordance with New England custom, and for many years Ogden Center was a hamlet of some importance. It had its stores, shops and dwellings, the town house, school and churches, Congregational and Baptist. The first afterwara became Presbyterian and was the mother of churches in the town. The Baptists removed their seat of opera- tions to the western part of the town, while the completion of the Erie canal drew from the Center its principal interests and located them at Spencerport. As has been noted, this town was separated from Parma in 1817. At that time the population had become sufhcicnt to justify such action, the convenience of the inhabitants demanded it, and, accordingly, on the 27th of January of that year an act granting the division was passed. The first meeting of electors was held on the first of April following, at which time these officers were chosen : John P. Patterson, THE TOWN OF OGDEN. 32S supervisor ; Abraham Colby, town clerk ; Benjamin Simons, collector and constable ; George W. Willey, poundmaster ; George W Willey, John D. Webster and William B. Brown, assessors ; David Wandle, Ira Nichols, overseers of the poor ; Austin Spencer, Erastus Spencer, Samuel Kilbourne, road commissioners; Justin Worthington, Charles Freeman, Oliver Gates, school commissioners. Succession of supervisors: John B. Patterson, i8 17-18 ; Austin Spencer, 1819; James Baldwin, 1820-21; John P. Patterson, 1822; James Baldwin, 1823-24 ; Austin Spencer, 1825, 1829-33, 1839, ^^^ 1846 ; Samuel Kilbourn, 1826-28 ; Amos C. Wilmot, 1834-37, ^ 844-45, 1850-51 ; Charles Church, 1838; John Gott, 1840-41 ; Ezra B. True, 1842-43, 1852-53, i860, 1862-63; James A. Pettingill, 1847-48; William B. Brown, 1849, 1854; Jesse S. Church, 1855; Selden O. Banning, 1856, 1858; Enoch Arnold, 1857 and 1859; John Borst, 1 86 1, 1865-66; Edward Covel, 1864; Josiah Rich, 1867-74; William B. Arnold, 1875-77 ; L. F. Spencer, 1878-80; Leonard Burritt, 1881-89; Lester S. Nichols, 1890-91 ; Frederick E. Gott, 1892-94. The present officers (1894) are Frederick E. Gott, supervisor; John Upton, town clerk (for the last ten years) ; Fred E. Gott, Albert M. Barker, Oscar P. Colby and Lewis W. Adams, justices of the peace ; George H. Comstock, Nicholas H. Hoy, Edward J. Rollin, assessors ; James B. Dresser, collector; Silas F. Smith, George E. Colby, Edward W. Arnold, highway commissioners; Orel T. Hubbell, overseer of the poor; Oscar E. Nichols, John Upton, Lewis P. Geering, J. Peter Fetter and John Riley, constables; Samuel H. Day and Bowker Hinckley, excise commissioners. Passing along the various thoroughfares of Ogden the spectator can- not but be impressed with the changes wrought by passing years. On almost every farm is an orchard of greater or less extent, indicating the fact that this town was once noted for its apple product. Less than thirty years ago Spencerport and Adams Basin were shipping points of much importance on the P>ie canal and also on the railroad, and while in later years the town has lost much of its importance in this respect, other products have replaced the apple crop to maintain at least a portion of the former reputation of the locality. Fifteen years ago the farmers raised cabbage sufficient only for home use, but by 324 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. development this industry has grown to gigantic proportions, and it is estimated that in 1894 at least a thousand acres were planted with cabbage, while the output reached nearly ten thousand tons. Potatoes have also been a prolific crop in Ogden and the source of much profit to farmers. However, the husbandman has never been fully compen- sated for the loss of the apple crop, which with the least expenditure of money and muscle yielded for better results. But, notwithstanding the embarrassments which have operated against the farmer of Ogden, they are a thrifty and energetic people and the town to-day presents as many fine farms with excellent buildings as are to be found in this part of the country. The land, too, has maintained a uniform popula- tion through years of unprofitable labor, indicating a determination on the part of its people to remain on the old farms rather than seek and hazard the uncertainties of village and city life, and other pursuits. The chief centers of trade and population in Ogden are the village of Spencerport and the hamlet of Adams Basin, and both owe their existence and construction to the Erie canal, in 1825, while their respective interests were materially increased by the subsequent build- ing and operation of the railroad. Ogden Center and Town Pump de- rived no benefits from these improvements, and indeed their then existing interests were seriously impaired by them as trade points and the center of population was naturally drawn to the hamlets on the north. The locality commonly called Town Pump, or Ogden post-office, is in the southwest part of the town, in the region settled by the Pettingill, True, Oilman, Hill, Richmond and other prominent families. For mutual accommodation the settlers here dug a well in the center of the intersection of two principal thoroughfares, and from this the locality has ever been designated "Town Pump." Ogden Center, in the early history of the town, was a place of much importance, in fact was the central village of Ogden ; and it retained its prominence until the building of the canal, after which all local enter- prises were removed to Spencerport, leaving only the Presbyterian church, the, school and the town house and about a score of comfortable dwellings. Adams Basin is a post-office and station on the railroad, and in its THE TOWN OF OGDEN. 326 history dates to 1825. Previous to the building of the road the volume of business done here was apparently larger than in recent years, for the old warehouses and other unused buildings are visible evidences of former greatness. However, this hamlet is in the center of a rich and fertile agricultural region and here large quantities of produce are annually shipped to market. The existing industries are the fruit evaporating and warehouses, two or three stores and shops, the Methodist Protestant church and the district school. Spencerport, the only incorporated village within the township, dates its history from the completion of the canal, although it was not until some ten years afterward that it began to take the form of a hamlet. Pioneer Daniel Spencer little thought that his original purchase here would be covered with a flourishing village, yet after the canal was put in operation he began developing a trading center. The principal north and south highway, the old Canawaugas road, led from the lake to the southern towns of the county, and along this the village lots were sold off. and in later years the whole tract was subdivided, streets and lots laid out, and now we have on the site an incorporated village of 1,000 inhabitants. Its volume of business was never greater than at present, though appearances would seem to indicate to the contrary. However, the work of shipping the produce is now much more easily and rapidly accomplished, and with far less demonstration, in these days of railroading, than was the case half a century and more ago. The canal carries its fair proportion of freight in season, but by far the greater quantity of products is shipped by rail. The first merchants of the village were West & Richards, whose store was north of the canal. The next store was started by Philander Kam, who carried a general stock of goods, and they also owned the site of the Lincoln House hotel property. The store was kept south of the canal. Charles Church came next, also south of the canal and on the west side of Union street. Daniel Spencer opened the first hotel, on the east side of the street and over on the creek he built the mill, before mentioned. Benjamin Cole was also an early merchant, and in the same connection may be mentioned the firm of Church, Ball & Co., also Mr. Woodbury, who built the stone block which stood on the Upton block site. Charles Churcli built the store now occupied by George 326 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Cole, and lived where Mr. I'^owler resides. Mr. Crosby and William Andrews were other old merchants of the village. The Kam hotel was sold to Mr. Church, thence to Mr. Ball, and from him to Lincoln and burned during his ownership. He rebuilt the liouse and subsequently it passed through the hands of Mr. Trimmer, James Upton (who im- proved it), Mr. Lincoln, Lincoln & Wallace, Mr. Edwards, and from the latter to William Ackley the present proprietor. Benjamin Cole also kept hotel north of the canal, and the property later went to James Upton, thence to William Kinney and finally to John Leonard. From this small beginning Spencerport has grown to a desirable size and is a residence village as well as one of commercial importance In mercantile and manufacturing pursuits it has never attracted much attention, as its location is too near the city of Rochester to admit of such a possibility. However, all local demands are readily supplied and no branch of business is over represented. Spencerport became an incorporated village by an act of the Legislature passed April 22, 1867, and its first charter election, held May 13 thereafter, resulted in the selection of these officers: President, Dr. William C. Slayton, and trustees, E. H. Davis, George K. Field, C. S. Cole, and Austin Reed ; clerk and treasurer, Cliarles Brigham ; collector and constable, Jesse H. Walker. The subsequent village presidents have been E. H. Davis. W. H. Crosby, W. C. Slayton, John Borst, Miles Upton, William C. Slay- ton, F. W. [Jncoln, William Brown. William C. Slayton, V. W. Lincoln. William C. Slayton, H. H. Brown, Thompson Hartwell, Samuel H. Day, Peter Helfrich, B. H. Gofif, Peter Helfrich and Daniel L. Walker. The present village officers are D. L. Walker, president; John B. McCabe, William Ballard and A. N. Barker, trustees ; W. W. Malay, clerk ; W. S. Millener, treasurer ; John Upton, collector. For a period of about fifteen years previous to 1889 village interests had been seriously injured by fires, one of the most disastrous of which was that of 1876. for by it several blocks of stores were burned, and in the Gofif warehouse a portion of the town records were consumed. This and subsequent fires compelled the villai^e authorities to adopt some means of protection, consequently a fire department was organized, and a hand engine, hose, hooks, ladders and other necessary apparatus were purchased. This department is under the charge of chief engi- neer G. W. Barker. THE TOWN OF OGDEN. 327 At a fire which occured in Spencerport on the night of August 3, 1894, three children of Cornelius Place were burned to death. They Willie, aged fourteen, Cornelius, aged fifteen, and C. Arthur, aged eleven. Another of the noteworthy institutions of the villaf^e and locality is the excellent school maintained in district number one. The building itself was erected about 1875, and is a large and well appointed school house. The school is of the graded character, wherein are taught the higher branches, quite beyond the average scope of district schools. The several boards of trustees have aimed to make this in all respects a model institution, and their efforts are aided by the people of the dis- trict. The present trustees are Eugene Hoy, Seymour H. Curtis and Charles C. Smith. Etolian Lodge, 479, F. & A. M., was granted a dispensation in 1859, and a charter June 9, i860. The charter members were William C. Slayton, first master; L. F. Spencer, B. F. Hancock, H. H. Goff, John Borst, H. C. Church, Cornelius S. Cole, Moses S. Cole, Charles Church, H. H. Garnsey, F. W. Lincoln. Samuel Weir, Abram Vandeventer, and Austin Spencer. The lodge has ever been prosperous and occupies large and well furnished rooms in the building next south of the canal on Union street. The present membership is ninety, and the officers are as follows : John Gallup, W. M.; Charles Woodmansee, S. W.; Fred E. GofT, J. W.; D. L Walker, treas.; William M. Clark, secy.; Albert P. Bush, chaplain; William R. Barrett, S. D.; Flagg G. Smith, J. D.; H. G. Spafford, sen. M.of C ; James Hawkins, jun. M. of C; E.E.Allen, tyler ; James H. Breese, marshal. John R. Martindale, Post No. 270, G. A. R., was organized May 17, 1882, with twenty-two charter members, but is now enlarged so that it ranks among the best in the county. The meetings are held in Masonic Hall, in this village The ofificers for 1894 are Oreb T. Hubbard, Com.; William Linn, sen. V. C; Charles Hall, jun V. C; A. M. Barker, quar- termaster; W. S. Millener, surgeon; G. S. h^arwell, adjt.; A. M. Town, chaplain ; Robert Gundry, O. of D.; Edward Keeler, O. of G. Ogden Grange, No. 1 1 1, P. of H., was organized June i, 1874, and has since been regarded as one of the stable institutions of the town and village. At present the Ogden Grange numbers about seventy mem- 328 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COrXTY beis, and the officers for 1894 are as follows: Christie Pierce, master; William Rose, overseer ; George W. Doty, lecturer ; George Hodges, steward; Jacob Fetter, assistant steward; Bowker Hinckley, chaplain; Leonard Burritt, treas.; William M. Clark, secy ; Frank G. Jewett, gate keeper; Mrs. Christie Pierce, Pomona; Mrs. William Ross, Flora ; Mrs. James H. Breeze, Ceres; Mrs. Bowker Hinckley, lady asst. steward. The first newspaper publication printed and issued at Spencerport was the Journal, founded in 1883 by Frank Cole, who, after about a year and a half sold out. The paper was soon afterward discontinued. However, in 1889 Mr. Cole again made a newspaper venture and issued the first number of the Star, which has been continued with gratifying success to the present day. Independent in politics in general, the Star is firm in the advocacy of protection principles, hence is thor- oughly American in all respects. It is a desirable family paper adapted especially to home reading, and circulates chiefly in the third Monroe Assembly district. Mr. Cole issued the paper about three months and then sold to William W. Malay who has since been its editor and pro- prietor. The Star has a good circulation and enjoys a liberal advertis- ing patronage. The present business interests of Spencerport are as follows : Henry H. Goff, warehouseman ; James T. Truesdale, C. Fossmire and Frank N. Webster, produce dealers; Cole & Freeman, general merchants; F. W. Nichols and John Leonard, grocers; F. W, Spencer, H. H. Brown, Cyrus Covert and William Covert, hardware dealers; Dr. W. S. Mill- ener, druggist; General Green and John Upton, shoe dealers; William W. Hart, harnesses, etc.; Hugh Haslip, wagonmaker ; Eugene Hoy, R. W. Haynor, James T. Truesdale, coal dealers; Henry Rogers, florist; William Boylan, miller ; James C. Ross, creamery ; John McCabe, plan- ning mill; Seymour Curtis, pop corn manufacturer; L. L. Allen, cooper; Fred E. Gofif. box factory ; D. L. Walker, undertaker ; R. K. Davis, jew- eler ; W. R. Barrett, dentist and baker; William Ackley, Smith & Bab- cock and John Leonard, hotel keepers. The Methodist F2piscopal church of Ogden, at Spencerport, was or- ganized in 1838, and was the outgrowth of still older M. E societies in the town, some of them dating back to the early years of the century. The first class leader was David Dowling, and the first organizer. Loring THE TOWN OF OGDEN. 329 Grant who formed a society at Webster's Basin, one mile westof Spen- cerport. Another class in 1821 in the Whittier neighborhood, but in 1828 both organizations lost their identity in the absorbing Methodist Protestant movement of that year, and it was not until 1838 that the scattered members of the old societies united and formed a church, un- der the leadership of Rev. Salmon Judd. A small meeting house was built at Spenceport, which was replaced with the present large brick edifice in 1870 and '71, being dedicated January 12, 1871. The present membership is about 130, with 134 pupils in the Sunday school. The trustees are J. Newton Whittier, John Killip and Joseph Rogers. From the time of the earliest Methodist meetings in Ogden. preachers and pastors of its societies and churches have been as follows : Peter Vanest, 1807; George Lane, 1808; James Mitchell, 1809; John Kimberlin, 1 8 10; Loring Grant, 181 1 ; R. M. Everts, 181 2; E King, 1813; W. Brown, 1814; James H. Harris, 1S15; R. Marshall, 1816; William Jones, 1817 ; Cyrus Story and Michael Saeger, 1818; C.Story, 1819; N. B. Dodson, James S. Lent, John Cosart, B. Williams, P. Buell, E. Boardman, J. Copeland, C. V. Adgate, M. Tooker, Richard Wright, John Cosart, R. M. Everts, S. Judd, N. Fellows, D. Fellows, James Hall, Hiram May, R C. Foot, Michael Saeger, ]. B. Lankton, Loren Stiles, H M Ripley, Joseph McCreary, A. L Backus, H. W. Annis. E. S. Furman, S. C. Church, George W. Cowe, H. R. Smith, C. C. Wilbur, G. W. Cowe, J B. Atchinson, J. W. Sanborn, G. Stratton, L. D. Watson, J. L. Humphreys, Mr. Hodgson, A. F. Colburn, James Hill. I. B Hudnut and R. L. Robinson. The first Congregational church of Spencerport was organized Oc- tober 8, 1850, by thirty- five withdrawing members of the old Ogden Center society. The organization was perfected by incorporation Jan- uary 6, 185 I, and on the first of February 185 i, the church edifice at Spencerport was completed. The first pastor was Rev. J. H. Dill, who was in charge some years, and followed in succession by Revs. S. T. Richards, D. H. Blake, F. W. Adams, W. B. Stewart, Charles M. Whittlesee, John Merz (supply), Joseph S. Bennett, Bennett T. Stafford, Charles W. Fitch and Edward E. Furbish, the latter being the present pastor, who was installed December 10, 1890. This church has a mem- bership of 271 persons, with an average Sunday school attendance of 42 330 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. 130 pupils, under the superintendence of James- Castle. The trustees are Henry H. Brown, George Code, James Castle, Milton Brigham, Seymour Curtis and James T. Treusdale. Deacons, Samuel D Day, Aaron J. Arnold and Milton Brigham. The church of St John the Evangelist, Roman Catholic, was dedi- cated November 22, 1868, but Catliolic masses were said in the town, at Ogden Center, as early as 185 1 by Father Welch, succeeded by Fathers Fitz Patrick, Welch, Donnelly, O'Loughlin, McGowan. Creedon, Keenan and Story. Feather McGowan built the little chapel on the hill east of Spencerport, but this proved too small and inconveniently located, hence P^ather Storey purchased a lot and began the erection of the present edifice. The corner stone was laid October 7, 1867, but in December following, during a severe wind storm, the frame of the building was blown down. However, it was rebuilt and dedicated No- vember 22, 1868 Following Father Storey, the priests in charge of this parish have been Fathers James Connelly, James E. Hantey, Father Hickcy, Joseph Magin and Patrick J. Clune, the latter coming to the parish in March, 1893. St. John's has about 250 communicating mem- bers, and about seventy-five families in the parish. The Presbyterian church of Ogden, the mother of the various relig- ious societies of the town in its early history, was organized as a Con- gregational church and society, November 4, 181 i, and numbered as original members Samuel Davis, David Arnold, James F'errington, Josiah Mather, Jabez Busley, Benjamin Freeman, Abigail Busley, Phebe Finch, Lydia Mitchell, Betsey Nichols and Justus Brown. In 1813 seven more were added to the church; eight in 1815 ; sixteen in 18 16; five in 181 7; eleven in 1818; and the number continued to increase and included nearly all the Congregational and Presbyterian element of the town, who were in a majority among the settlers. The first deacons were Samuel Davis and Josiah Mather, with Daniel Arnold added soon afterward. The first regular pastor was Rev. Ebenezer Everett, in- stalled in 1S79, though earlier services were conducted by "Father" Allen, and Revs. Barrett, Townscnd, Davis and Smith In 1813 the society was divided, twenty-five of its members withdrawing to form another church at Adams Basin; and still later, in 1850, thirty-five other members withdrew and organized the Congregational church and THE TOWN OF OGDEN, 33i society at Spencerport. March 24, 1835, ^^''^ church at the Center became Presbyterian and was attached to the Rochester presbytery, and under this change a virtual reorganization was effected. The elders were Syl- vanus C. Willey, Diodate Lord, Charles Church, Alfred Norton, Austin Spencer and Hendrick D. Vroom ; the deacons were Alfred Norton, William A. Chapman and John Brigham. The first church edifice was erected in 1823, and was replaced with the present structure in 1850-51. The succession of pastors of this historic church has been as follows : Rev, Ebenezer Everett, 1810-22 ; Avelyn Sedgwick, 1824-33 and 1838 -49; Conway P. King, 1835-38; William A. Fox, 1851-65; Alex- ander McA. Therburn, 1865-82 ; Alexander S. Hoyt, 1883-88 ; Glen- roie McQueen, 1888-90 ; John H. Williams, 1890. Mr. Williams is the present pastor of the church. The membership numbers 216, with about 125 children in the Sunday school. The latter was under the superintendence of John Kincaid for a period of seventeen years. The elders of the church are George H. Comstock, Horace Rann, John Kin- caid, Marquis H. French and Hugh A. Smith. Tlie trustees of the so- ciety are Bowker Hinckley, William Ross, Charles C. Smith, Henry D. Scribner, Henry S. Dyer and George Irish. The Methodist Protestant church at Adams Basin was organized in 1828 at the house of Dr. John Webster, and its membership comprised chiefly several families who were formerly connected with the Episcopal Methodist church of the town. Among the early members of the church were Joseph Woodmansee and wife. Perry Woodmansee and wife, Stephen, Asa and Jeremiah Webster and their wives, and Edmund Wansey and wife. Previous to 1854 meetings were held in the school house at Adams Basin and Dr. Webster's dwelling, but in 1854 the so ciety occupied the edifice erected by the Presbyterian organization which disbanded after that time. The new church was completed and dedicated in March, 1891. In 1855 the M. P, society purchased the property. The succession of pastors of this society and church have been as follows: Revs. Isaac Fistler, N. Palmer, William Williams, E. A. Wheat, William Emmons, L. Sweetland, L. Parmater, A. G. Wilcox, J. W. Davis, S. M. Short, C. C. Gary, W. W. Woodward, N. S. Clark, J. H Richards, S. D. Kingsley, A. M. Town, A. H. Kinney, O. P. Wildey, A. M. Woodward, the latter the present pastor, whose labors 332 LANDMARK'S OF MONROE CoUNTY. begun here in 1891. The chtirch has about eiglitx' members and about 120 attendants at Sunday school. The trustees are George W. Doty. Peter Lourette and Freeman Webster. Superintendent of Sunday school, John Shafer. The Baptist church of Ogden was organized May 21, 1819, by dele- gates from five churches in the region, at a meeting held in the school on Union street. The thirteen c A. Crocker, 1836-37; Anson Beardslee, 1838 ; Joseph Patterson, 1839 ; Daniel E. Lewis, 1840- 41 ; Ebenezer L. Gage, 1842; Isaac T. Raymond, 1843-44; Daniel E. Lewis, 1845; I- T. Raymond, 1846; D. E. Lewis, 1847-51; Elias Beach, 1852; James Harris, 1853; Alanson Higbie, 1854; James Harris,' 1855-56; Albert H. King, 1857; Oliver C. Ross, 1858; James Harris, 1859; Daniel Fuller, i860; Fairchild Andrus, 1861-63 ; James Harris, 1864-65 ; Orestes Case, 1866; James Harris, 1867-75 J Alan- son Higbie, 1876-78; Charles N. Leonard, 1879-80; George W. Clark, 1881-83 ; Irving B. Eldridge, 1884-85 ; George A. Raymond, 1886-87 ; Charles N. Leonard, 1888-89; George W. Clark, 1890-93 ; Charles C. Raymond, 1894-95. The town officers for the year 1895 are Charles C. Raymond, super- visor; G. C. Schemerhorn, town clerk; Guy McGowan, H. C. Fuller, James K. Kennedy and George I. Eldridge, justices of the peace ; J. H. Gaston, A. F. Church and Thomas Blood, assessors ; Burr F. Northrup, overseer of the poor ; C. E. Schutt, collector ; William Fellows, road commissioner ; J. G. Haskell, W. H. Brewer, Jerome Rundel, excise commissioners ; J. G. Fisk, W. G. Eldridge, Perry Howe, Leonard Smith and Fred B. Thompson, constables. As evidence of substantial growth in Penfield we have but to refer to the census reports. As has been stated the town in 1814 had a popu- lation of 1,874, and in 1820 the number of inhabitants had increased to 3,224, then being the largest town in the county. Ten years later, or in 1830, the population was 4,474 but the erection of Webster in 1840, taking from the mother town 20,241 acres of land, also reduced the lo- cal population to 2,842. During the next ten years a slight increase was made, the number in 1850 being 3,185. In i860 it was 3,210; in TfiE TOWN OF PENFIELD. 355 1870 was 2,928 ; in 1880 was 2,955 '■> ^"d in 1890 was 2,845 > o*" about the same as in 1840. Irondequoit creek has for many years been noted for the excellence of its water power ; in truth much of the prosperity of the town, and particularly of the village, during more recent years, may be attributed to this fact. In 1820 the industries of the town comprised two grist mills, four saw mills, one fulling mill, one carding machine, one distillery, three asheries and two tanneries. The first manufacturing establishment in the town was probably the old trip-hammer started in 1800 by Mr. Bronson. The first distillery was that of William McKinstry, built in 1810, and the second was John Hipp's. Daniel Penfield, Alpheus Clark, Josiah J. Clark and Josiah J. Kellogg were later distillers in the town ; the last was that of Henry Fellows, about 1835. In 1806 Mr. Penfield built a saw mill in the Hollow, and afterward a grist mill. In 18 15 Nathaniel Case built a grist mill on Irondequoit creek, and about two years later Nelson Fullam also had a grist mill. About 1805 Capt. Benjamin Minor built a fulling mill on the creek, and in 18 15 a cloth factory was also erected. The first tannery was built about 18 12, by Henry Fellows. Other kindred industries were started at various times, but to recall them all would be difficult and not specially interesting. Penfield Village. — This pretty and progressive little hamlet had its origin in the establishment of these milling enterprises on Irondequoit creek, and they led to the starting of several stores in the village proper. Among the early business men here were McKinstry & Adams, Gilson & Penfield, Penfield & Clark, Rich & Ward, Bryant & Ely, Orange Owen, S H. Scoville, Carpenter & Matthews, Griffin & Randall, Kil- mer & Skidder, Kellogg & Minor and Joseph Vanness. Henry Amsden was an early hotel keeper, as were also Robert Staring, Jona- than Baker, and others. A post-office was established here about iSlO, and Oliver Kingsbury was the first postmaster ; the second was Jacob B. Bryant. In 1827 the Penfield Academy was established and the building con- structed with money raised by subscription. It was granted a pro- visional charter by the regents, and was incorporated October 8, 1857, and then called Penfield Seminary. In later years this old institution lost its corporate character but to the present time has been supported 356 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. liberally. It is now a first-class graded school, eniplo)'ing four teach- ers, and in it are taught about 175 pupils The present trustees are James Haskell, M. C Ryan and George Leonard. The fire department apparatus of the village comprises one good hand- engine, 300 feet of hose and other necessary equipment The present manufacturing interests of the locality are the Lincoln flour mills, water power, stone building, operated by March, Austin & Co., the Penfield flour mills, water-power, stone building, operated by John Webb ; the Lawless Paper Company, water power, stone building ; the frame saw mill of George Westerman. Mercantile and business in- terests are represented by the general stores of Ockenden & Unglish, W. J. Hipp, E. J. Hawkins, and the customary repair shops found in hamlets of like condition and population. There are also two hotels, the Penfield House and the Sherman House. The village has a popu- lation of about 300, and is situate one and one-half miles from the Central railroad. Penfield Center and East Penfield are hamlets which in the early his- tory of the town, were of some importance, but now are mere trading or visiting points. Local interests in all such settlements have suffered seriously during the past thirty or forty years, those of Penfield in com- mon with the majority. However, each of these hamlets is in the cen- ter of a fertile agricultural region, peopled with a thrifty and industrious class. Like Webster, Penfield is noted for the number and substantial quality of its church and religious organizations. Indeed, one of the first religious societies of the whole region was formed and had an abid- ing place within what is now the town. This was the First Presbyte- rian church of Penfield, organized February 7, 1806, in the locality now called the village. Even previous to this, however, and as early as 1804, a Congregational society had been formed in the town, the latter organization on the 7th of February, 1806, resolving itself into the society first noted. The first members were Elisha and Sarah Sheldon, Sam- uel Stone, Abraham and Mary Barnum, Thomas and Esther Brooks, William and Love Spear, Huldah White, Daniel and Esther Wilson, Josiah Kellogg, Rachel Perrin and John Stroger. The earliest pastors are unknown, the records being lost, but in 18 16, Asa Carpenter offici- ^ jL-i^^h<^.^^^/^Z^%^^^^€a^ THE TOWN OF PENFIELD. 357 ated in that capacit}', followed by Gerritt Hollenbeck, Eber Childs, Lemuel Brooks, Elijah Buck, Simeon Peck, Conrad Ten Eyck, Moses Ordway and others. In 1825 the first church edifice was built, on a lot donated by Daniel Penfield. It was a fine brick structure, having a capacity for seating four hundred persons. At one time in its history, about 1840, the membership in this church aggregated one hundred and forty persons, but in later years the number became materially reduced, and a struggling and feeble existence only was maintained. The society of the German Methodist church purchased the Presbyte- rian edifice and now occupies the building. The last mentioned church is a comparatively recent organization, but since its formation has had a progressive record. It is at present under tiie pastoral care of Rev. A. Schlenck. The Baptist church of Penfield has a history equally important with that of the old Presbyterian society, and, unlike the latter, has been perpetual in its record and existence. It was the direct outgrowth of the Baptist church of Northfield, which was granted letters by the Pal- myra church as early as 1803, but the local church dates its organiza- tion from the following year. In 1813 the membership was about seventy- five. Among the earliest ministers here were Elders Joseph Case, Bartlett Dake, Benjamin Calkins, Nehemiah Lamb, Thomas Tut- tle, Joseph Monroe, Joseph Maltby, Jason Corwin, Norman Bentley and others. In 1822 the Northfield and Penfield societies became united and together erected a little frame edifice about three-fourths of a mile east of Penfield village. In 1847 ^ little chapel known as " Bethel," was built at Lovett's Corners, and here was maintained an out post from the mother church. Other offshoots of this church have been those at Pittsford, Perinton, Walworth and Webster. The present active members of the Penfield church number one hundred, although the rolls show a total membership since organization of more than one thousand persons. The present pastor is Rev. M V. Wilson. Methodism in Penfield dates its beginning from the little informal meetings held as early as the year 1 806. at the dwelling of pioneer John Hipp, under the class leadership of Stephen Graves of Lima. The mem- bers of the first-class were Lucy Owen, Phebe Chase, Phebe Hill, Sarah Barrett, Lucy Williams and Lois Mann. John Tillotson was also an 358 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. early class leader. The Methodist Episcopal church of Penfield had its origin in the primitive meetings mentioned, although the society organization was not perfected until about 1830. Four years later a building was purchased and fitted up for purposes of pubHc worship by the society, and still later modifications remodeled the building entirely, the result being a suitable church edifice. This church has been con- tinued, both in history and progress, and now has 150 members. The pastor is Rev. L. T. Foot The Freewill Baptist church of Penfield, otherwise known as the East Penfield brick church, was organized in 1829, though early meet- ings of this denomination were frequently held in the town at a previ- ous date. The brick church edifice was erected in 1830. and was located on the old stage road, about a mile east of East Penfield. The present pastor of this church is Rev. R. W. Pickett. St. Joseph's church, German Roman Catholic, was organized in 1872 as an out post of St. Joseph's church in Rochester, and by the pastor of the latter church, Father Pingel. The church edifice was also built in 1872. This church and parish are in charge of Rev. Father Preeble. The other church organizations and societies of Penfield are the Ger- man church whose edifice is located in the eastern part of the town, under the pastorate of Rev. F. Feegen, and the Advent church, also regularly organized but having no present pastor. The edifice of the "Tract" church, as the first mentioned is called, is a plain yet sub- stantial frame building; that of the Advent society is of brick con- struction. The old town records furnish but little information concerning the first or even any of the early schools of the town. It is understood, however, that the first school was that opened in the village and taught by Joseph Hatch, and that later the town was divided into districts and schools established in each as fast as settlement justified such action. In 1820, while Webster formed a part of Penfield, the distriets num- bered nineteen, and the whole number of children in the town between the ages of five and fifteen years was 1,067. In 1835 the districts num- bered twenty-five, and children of school age, 1,627. In 1858 the dis- tricts numbered twelve, and children 1,111. At the present time the town contains fourteen school districts, while the number of children of THE TOWN OF PBRINTON. 359 school age is 728. For their instruction fourteen teachers are annually employed, and, in 1894, were paid in wages the sum of $4,038.16. In that year there was apportioned to Penfield public moneys amounting to $1,872.78, added to which the town raised by tax $2,905.09, and received from other sources $173.45. The total amount of money available for school purposes for the year ending July 31, 1894, was $5,168.72. Districts No. 4 and 12 have no school house, and of the twelve school buildings in the town six are of frame, five of brick, and one of stone. The total value of school property in Penfield is esti- mated at $12,325. CHAPTER XIII. THE TOWN OP PERINTON. When the county of Ontario was formed in 1789 it extended north- ward to Lake Ontario and in other directions far enough to include within its boundaries several of the present counties of western New York. The present towns of Monroe county east of the Genesee River and north of Rush and Mendon, were, in 1794 organinzed into a town- ship named Northfield. In 1796 a town meeting was held and Silas Nye elected supervisor and Dr. John Ray town clerk, which office he held continuously until 18 13. A little later, probably in 1798, the name of tlie township was changed to Boyle. Other supervisors of North- field and Boyle were Noah Norton, Ezra Patterson. Augustus Gris- wold, William McKinstry. Caleb Hopkins, Stephen Lusk and Samuel SpafTord. At subsequent dates the territory of Boyle was divided into the several towns now forming the northeastern part of Monroe county. Perinton was erected into a town May 26, 18 12. Its first town meet- ing was held April 6, the following year, in Egypt and the officials elected were : supervisor, Cyrus Packard ; town clerk, Amasa Slocum ; assessors, Elisha Slocum, Joseph Beal and Charles Aldrich; commis- sioners of highways, Olney Staples, John Scott and David Stout; poor- masters, Thomas Ramsdell and Stephen Eaton. A vacancy occurring 360 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY in the office of constable and collector a year later, justices Cyrus Pack- ard, David Sniitii and Asa Wilmarth appointed Elisha Slocum. For many years town meetings were held in the Center school house (No. 3) later at Bushnell's Basin, Fullamtown and Egypt without regular order, but for more than half a century Fairport has been the chosen place. Prior to the formation of Monroe county, in 18 Ji, Charles Al- drich, Peter Ripley and William S Gregory served as supervisors. From 1821 to 1895 the roll is thjs : 1821-24, Reuben Willey ; 1825, William S. Gregory ; 1826-29 Reuben Willey; 1830, J. D. Thomp- son ; 183 r, Reuben Willey; 1832. J. D. Thompson; 1833-34, Enoch Strong; 1835-36, John Peters; 1837, Abisha Goodell; 1838, Anson Beardslee ; 1839, Florace Lee ; 1840, Anson Beardslee ; 1 841, Lorenzo D. Ely; 1842, Darius Talman ; 1843. Joshua F. Jones; 1844, Darius Talman ; 1845, Enoch Strong; 1846, William A. Lockwood ; 1847, Anson Beardslee; 1848, Enoch Strong; 1849-50, Charles H. Dickin- son; 185 I, J. S.Baker; 1852, T. D. Walker ; 1853. J- S. Baker ; 1854. G. L. G. Seeley ; 1855, Jacob B. O'Dell ; 1856, Joshua F. Jones ; 1857, Jacob B. O'Dell ; 1858-60, T. W. Dickinson ; 1861. William P. Chase ; 1862, C. H. Dickinson; 1863, E. B. Strong ; 1864-65, A. C. Hill ; 1866, J. G. Aldrich ; 1867-68, Jesse B. Hannan ; 1869-71, G. L. G. Seeley; 1872, G. F Wilcox; 1873-74, William P. Chase; 1875-76, G. L G. Seeley; 1877-80, H. A. De Land ; 1881-86, Jesse B. Hannan; 1887, P. McAulifife ; 1888-89, T. G. Jones ; 1890, F. A. Defendorf ; 1891-95, E. L. Hodskin. Piojteers and Eai'ly Settlevient. — The Phelps and Gorham purchase of territory extended from the Pennsylvania State line to Lake Ontario. In the survey the range lines were run north and south six miles apart. The east and west cross lines were also six miles apart, thus dividing the tract into townships six miles square. In the northwestern portion east and west of the Genesee river, con- ditions made a departure from this regularity necessary, and the town- ships were not of uniform size and shape. Perinton, which in the origi- nal survey, was No. 12 on range 4. from the east boundary of the pur- chase, was one of the six miles square townships, and lias not suffered any change in its original boundaries It falls short, however, of six miles east and west, a fault due, perhaps, to the deflection of the needle JOHN AYRAULT. THE TOWN OF PERINTON. 361 when running the range hnes. In 1789 the entire township passed by purchase into the possession of William Walker, land agent for Phelps and Gorham. Judge Porter is authority for the statement that Walker sold to Daniel Penfield and the latter to a Mr. Duncan. In the summer of 1789 or '90, Caleb Walker, a brother of William, moved into the town- ship, bringing with him Glover Perrin and his wife. They built a house on what has since for a long time been known as the Eaton farm, now owned by Purdy Ellsworth. Then they engaged in surveying the town into lots. Walker died within a year. Twenty-two years later when the town was organized from Boyle it was named Perinton in honor of its pioneer settler, Glover Perrin. Perrin cleared land and planted an orchard in nearly the center of what was later known as the Slocum farm, now owned by Byron Ells- worth. An apple orchard yet occupies the site of that first orchard in the town. Jesse Perrin came in 1792, cleared the site of the present Center burial ground, and a year later occupied the farm now owned by Mrs. H. B. Hamilton. In 1793 Phillip Piester, John Bice and Mr. Scribner settled on lands just south of Bushnell's Basin. In 1794 Abner Wight settled on the farm just south of Fairport, now owned by S. P. Howard. Asa, his son, born 1797, was the first white child born in the town that grew to adult age. In 1796 Samuel Bennett and wife settled in the center of the town and Bennett operated the first black- smith shop in the town. John Kelley settled in 1797 on a farm east of the Center, now owned by G. G. Denise. He went to Honeoye to mill and to Palmyra to church. Caleb Lyndon in 1800 bought the present known Beardsley farm. About the same time the Ramsdell family came in and bought a large tract east of the Center at what is now known as Egypt. They were successful in growing large crops of corn, and in a year of scarcity settlers came there from long distances to buy. Hence the name of the hamlet, Egypt. For more than half a century the Ramsdell family was a prominent one in the town. Gideon was a well known Friend and abolitionist and his house was a favorite way station on the underground railroad from the South to Canada for the fugitive slave. The Slocums — Amasa, Elisha, Benjamin and Smith, came in 1804 and settled near the Center. In 1806 came to the vicinity of P^gypt 46 362 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Oliver Loud, Cyrus Packard, L. Lapham, E. Bateman and S. Aldrich. In 1809 OIney and David Staples settled about a mile west of Egypt, and in 18 10 James Hannan bought a farm adjoining the first settled by Perrin. David Cady and father, David Woolsey, David Barker, John Knickerbocker, and the Treadwells were other early settlers. Up to 1810 settlement had mainly been along an east and west strip a little south of the center of the town. That locality contains its most valuable farming land. There were no indications at that date to point out the future commercial and business sites or routes of trans- portation and travel The State road, the first in the town, was cut through the wilderness from Pittsford to Palmyra, the land was fertile, location healthy, and settlers attracted. At a later period lines of stages traversed this road carrying mails and passengers ; taverns were opened along the route and business increased. A village sprang up at Egypt, a stage depot was established and three taverns opened. A store was kept by Gregory & Co , another by Packard & Watson, a grist mill with two run of stone was built, a saw mill on the Aldrich farm, a tannery, a foundry, blacksmith, wagon and shoe shops, nurs- eries, post-office, and church, were among the later features of the vil- lage. The subsequent building of the Erie canal and the Central rail- road wrought a great change. Trade, manufacturers and business de- parted to other points. Its fertile lands remain, but of the rest, in this year of 1895, only the post office, a small store and a little feed mill are left in P^gypt. In 1807 Ira and Sarah Palmer settled in the northeast part of the town. A Mr. Barber was the only other settler then in that quarter of the town. Cornelius Conant and wife, Daniel Conant and wife, Park Brown, Miles Carter, Richard Woolsey, Stephen Whitehorn, John Chamberlain. Jonathan Soules, Daniel Childs and Edmund Plumb were earl}- settlers there. Rev. Thomas Parker was a noted pioneer preacher. It is recorded that he preached over eleven hundred funeral sermons. He died in 1865, aged seventy one years. Bennett Joy with parents and family came as early as 1808 to the northeast quarter of the town. Also George W. Downer and Ebenezer Jerrolds about 18 16. Milton Budlong came about 1817 when a young man of seventeen. In 1820 he settled on twenty-five acres of land to which he added until his tHE TOWN OF PERINTON. 363 estate amounted to seven hundred acres, the largest farm in the town. He dealt in cattle chiefly, plowing but very little. His brother, John Budlong, settled near him in 1823. Levi and Richard Treadwell, Mr. Wooden, Josiah Bristol and George Hepburn were early settlers in the southwestern part of the town. A Mr. Thomas settled east of the vil- lage of Fairport before 1800 and gave his name to Thomas creek. West of Fairport Isaiah Northrup settled in 1808. Two brothers, Andrew and Abel, located near by a little later, and another. Dr. E. Northrup, practiced medicine in town for twenty years. Michael Beach, Daniel and Roswell Terrell. Aaron Seymour, Hiram Hayes and Valen- tine Rowell were early settlers in that locality. About i8ro Peter Ripley moved into the limits of the present cor- poration of Fairport. His farm was on the west side of Main street and north of Thomas creek. In i8i6*Larry Wilcox settled on a farm across the street from Ripley's. He sold to Solomon Ralph, and purchased a farm on the hill south on the east side of the road. Opposite Wilcox, on the west side of the street, Martin Sperbeck bought a farm in 1817. The farm on the east side of Main street between Church street and Thomas creek, was settled by Isaac Beers in 18 16. He also owned fifty acres west of Main and south of Church streets, and had a log house on that tract. The farm on the west side of Main street, between Church street and Thomas creek, was owned by S. Mallett, who moved into a log house in 1822, situated on the present L. T. Howard lot, south, of Bown's block. In 18 17 Mr. Beers erected the first frame house built in Fairport on the lot where H. A. De Land's residence now stands. Beers sold to Oliver Tomlinson in 1820. Jesse Treadwell and John Peters owned lands in the present northeastern area of the village, and Amos Chad wick and Nathan Weston in the southwestern. In 1822 the Erie canal was opened for business through the place, and seven log cabins, one block and one frame house made the entire village. Among the first constructions of the pioneers were mills for sawing lumber and grinding grain. The first grist mill in the town was built by Joseph Richardson about 18 10, on Irondequoit creek, on the Roch- ester road west of Fairport. The second was built in Egypt, by Pack- ard and Watson, in 18 18. The third was erected in 1821 in the north- west part of the town on Irondequoit creek by Rich, Lincoln and Lath- 364 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. rop ; tlie fourth on Thomas creek, near its junction with the Ironde- quoit. The first saw mill was built on Thomas creek by Peter Ripley about 1812; another was built a little further clown the creek about I 81 7, by Iv Lewis; a third was built on Irondcquoit creek about 1820, by Biiiley and Richardson ; a clothing mill was connected with it. Two saw mills were built in I'-gypt, and one on the Irondcquoit, where the Palmyra road crosses it; all these saw mills vanished a generation ago. The pioneer period of the town of Perinton may be said to have ended with the opening of the Erie canal in 1822. The frame work upon which its future development should be built was then completed. The paths of its progress were plain. The half-dozen log cabins in the swamp at Fairport, marked the site of a town, which facilities for trade and transportion, should in the future, develop to one of the first ill the county. Thirty-one years later the direct line of the Central railroad was built through the town and through Fairport. But that event did not change the conditions of development. It only intensified them. Topography. — The area of Perinton is between twenty one and twenty-two thousand acres. It measures six miles north and south, and about five and one half east and west. Its surface is considerably broken and its soil of several qualities. It is abundantly watered by springs and streams. The water is hard from the presence of lime. Irondcquoit creek enters it at its southwestern corner, but in a short distance flows into Pittsford. re- entering Perinton northwest of Bush- nell's Basin, thence flowing to the northwest corner of the town. It is a liberal stream and furnishes good water power. The lands along this stream and in its valley are mostly a sandy loam. Its bluffs are abrupt and in many places high and of singular shapes. There is evidence that at some remote time an immense volume of water swept down the Irondcquoit valley. Thomas creek enters the town in its southeastern quarter, flows north and west to the valley traversed by the canal, thence westerly through h^airport and into the Irondcquoit about a mile and a- half west of the village. Its entire course east of Fairport in the town is through swamp lands of which a large part was once covered with cedar. Some smaller streams flow tnto Thomas creek. The north- eastern part of the town is rolled up into hills with deep valleys between THE TOWN OF PERINTON 366 that were swamps, but which as the country was cleared and cuUivated have mostly become tillable. In the central part of the southern por- tion of the town is a bold and very broken range of hills known as the Turk hills. Some very productive farms are located on these hills and along their base. The hills are composed entirely of drift, and many of them contain immense deposits of sand and gravel. The soil is a sandy loam, bearing considerable clay and small stone in the subsoil. The sum- mit is a level plateau of several hundred acres. Here the United States Coast Survey had a station when mapping Lake Ontario. The plateau is 685 feet higher than the lake, and is the highest land in Monroe county. These hills are choice fruit- lands on account of their exemp- tion from late spring and early fall frosts, the genial soil and fine natural drainage. The original timber was oak, chestnut and hickory, and it was small and open. Except in the swamps the timber of other parts of the town was mainly beech and maple. The largest body of level land in the town lies in the northeastern part along the upper waters of Thomas creek. There are several hundred acres of nearly flat lands. In the southwest quarter of the town are two or three natural ponds. The larger, Bullhead pond, has an area of about forty acres. It is very deep, nearly circular and lies in a deep depression, the banks being steep and about 100 feet high, except on the southwest where a small stream emerges and flows into Irondequoit creek. Close to the waters of the Irondequoit, a little south of the West Shore railroad bridge, is a remarkable outflow of mineral waters, named after the late Rev. John Peddie, D. D., of Philadelphia. Dr. Peddie had a summer residence near these springs and first brought their virtues to public notice. The water is saline, carrying unusually large amounts of mineral constitu- ents and has a strong outflow. Near by are iron springs. The water is shipped extensively by the Fairport Crystal Rock Water Company. The New York Central four track and the West Shore railroads tra- verse the town east and west in the Thomas creek valley. The Auburn branch of the Central cuts through the extreme southwest corner of the town. The Erie canal enters the town at about the center of its eastern boundary, runs northwesterly by Fairport to within a mile and a half of the north and west lines of the town, then turns southwest for about 366 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. three and one-half miles and crosses the Irondequoit valley at Bush- nell's Basin, The embankment there is the most expensive on the canal Tiit-re is a high embankment also at the (^x Bow, a mile south- west of Fairport, which forms a sheet of water thirty acres in extent and so deep that it is not drained when the canal is emptied. It is a famous fishing ground. Both these embankments have suffered breaks of great magnitude. The lands of Perinton yield abundantly all the products capable of growth in this climate. The Turk hills and the sandy loams of the west side, have been famous for wheat and potatoes. The stiffer soils yield large crops of grass, corn, small grains, and in some localities, of potatoes. In earlier times the rearing of cattle, sheep and horses was a remunerative industry. Garden products are now largely grown for market, especially cabbage and onions, which are shipped both east and west in great quantities. Asparagus, tomatoes, sweet- corn, peas and berries are grown for the canning factories. Cherries are very abund- ant and of extra quality. Vineyards, peach, quince, plum, pear and apple orchards flourish and yield bountifully. The Perinton farmer can reasonably find no fault with the soil, location and climate as fac- tors for making his lot happy and prosperous ; his dissatisfaction is with prices. Fairport. — Population and business made stable and fairly rapid "rowth in the village after the opening of the Erie canal. But there are no statistics to measure it in the early decades. It was the buying and selling point of a large and energetic body of producers. Accord- ing to one United States census Monroe county was only the second in the entire Union in the value of its agricultural productions. Proba- ably Perinton, in some years, has been a larger producer of potatoes than any other town in the United States. In 1874 its production was more than 220,000 bushels. The handling of farm produce has been since 1822 the most important and continuous business of the place. For thirty years it was shipped exclusively by the canal. From the warehouses on the banks boats were loaded with grain, apples and potatoes. New York buyers were in the town in fall and spring. The railroad after 1853 divided the transportation business with the canal, constantly gaining on the latter, and for several recent years not a THE TOWN OF PERTNTON. 367 canal boat has been loaded in Fairport with farm produce. The most prominent of these old time buyers and shippers were Tomlinson & Co., Jeremiah Chadwick, Albert Norton, W. K. Goodrich, Vanderhoof and Van Norman, Charles Burlingame. The first store was kept by Goodell & Aiken, on the east side of Main street near the canal. Charles and Thomas Dickinson succeeded this firm and they passed the business to Hill & Hamilton Tomlinson & Co. were store keepers Jeremiah Chadwick kept store for a long time, and later was produce buyer and banker. Jacob O'Dell, Smith Wilbur and H. Montague Moseley were merchants before the civil war. G. L. G. Seeley and Mr. Ward established the first tin and hard- ware store about 1848. L. T. and J E. Howard conducted for many years a large business in blacksmithing and wagonmaking. drawing trade far and wide. The legal incorporation of Fairport was effected on the 30th of April, 1867, by the election of officers for the village pursuant to an act passed by the Legislature the 12th of the same month. The first president was A. C. Hill ; board of trustees, O. P. Simmons, J. Y. Parce, J. E. Howard, Lewis Jones, T L. Hulburt and J. M. Swinnerton ; assess- ors, E. B. Herrinton, R. B. Hewes ; treasurer, H. Montague Moseley; police constable, J. C. Van Ness. The last obtainable data give the population of Fairport in 1848 at 200, in 1867 at i,ooo, in 1880 at 1,920, iu 1890 at 2,552 and in 1892 at 2,743. The school interests of the village have been treated with such liber- ality and good judgment that but few towns possess equal facilities for education. In 1870 the first move was made to advance beyond the common school. A Union Free School was organized and more than $20,000 immediately expended in sites and buildings. Interest and enterprise in this line has constantly advanced. The course of study has been broadened, more commodious buildings added and the school property is now valued at more than $40,000. The school prepares the student for college or business and includes classical, Eng- lish and scientific courses. Diplomas are granted based upon Regents' standards. Last year the school expended $9,488.42. Fourteen teach- ers are employed. The board of education includes several ladies. The total amount of available school money in 1894 for the town of 368 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Perinton was $13,122.90. The value of school property $49,000. Twenty-four teachers were employed. There were in town 1,204 chil- dren of school age of which 888 attended school The total days attendance was 1 14,480. There are eleven school districts. Fairport is unusually fortunate in the possession of a very complete system of water works, in the construction of which the water was kept in its proper channels and not put into stock to increase the burden of tax payers. The village owns the plant, and the cost, considering its extent and completeness, is low. The water is abundant and of fine quality, being procured from a group of four drilled wells penetrating the underlying rocks to depths of from 55 to 100 feet. A Knowles pump, capacity a million gallons per day, sends the water to an iron stand pipe twenty-six feet in diameter and seventy-five feet high, standing on the hill in the southeast quarter of the village and 100 feet above the pumping station and business part of the village. From the stand pipe the water is distributed by gravity to all parts of the town. There are seven and one-half miles of distributing pipe and sixty-eight street hydrants. The pressure is eighty five pounds per inch in the business part of the town, and large volumes of water can easily be thrown over any building. It may also be used to run small ma- chinery. The first board of water commissioners elected in June, 1893, con- sisted of C. L. Peacock, F. A. Defendorf, Nelson Lewis, C. C. Moore, C. G. Dewitt, Luther Talman and Joseph Duncan. Plans were drawn by W. F. Randall, C. E. of Syracuse. The contracts were immediately let and the work was begun August 15, 1893, and the plant was com- pleted January i, 1894. Total cost $48,000. Careful, liberal and energetic as are the people of the town in con- ducting public enterprises, the numerous churches, as a matter of course, find a generous support. The progress of the churches and schools is linked close to the material growth of the town. They have marched hand in hand. One of the first concerns of the pioneers was religious worship. Perhaps the Methodist Episcopal society was first in the field. In 18 10 meetings were held by its members at private residences. In 18 16 circuit preachers were appointed and about 1825 a society was organized in Fairport and a church built. It flour- ^/^^Wi^:^^^^^:^'^^ • ^^^^^^cP'^^^^ THE TOWN OF PERINTON. 369 ished a few years but fell into a decline and the building was sold in 1838 and converted into a shop and the organization ceased. A second society formed in Egypt about the same time, a church was built and maintained for more than half a century. That, too, has ceased to exist. In 1837 the denomination formed a society in the southeast part of the town and erected the church known as the South Perinton church. The society has been prosperous, possesses to-day a good property, is well supported, and is active and earnest in its work. Within a few years another society has been formed in Fairport, a fine brick church built and a liberal and increasing support drawn to it. Rev. F. C. Thompson is the pastor. The Congregational society was formed in 1824. It is said the Rev. Mr. Crane preached the first sermon, probably earlier than this, in the house of Jesse Perrin. In 1832 a legal organization was efiected and a church built. Two years later a larger one was erected, and in 1868—9 the present brick edifice was built at a cost of $18,000. The society also owns a fine parsonage and in late years has added to the capacity ot the church. Its property represents an expenditure of at least $25,- 000. The pastors of this church have been : Revs. Morgan, D. Wash- burn, D. Johnson. A. W. Brooks, G. Freeman, S. Kellogg, W. Gilliam, Billington, Gilbert, Francis, W. H. Piatt, N. Bosworth, J. Butler, G. H. Bailey, E. T. Gardner, R. R. Davies and G. F. Waters, the present pastor. The present board of trustees are Dr. E. B. Pratt, J. H. Snov\\ E. L. Dudley, Dr. W. F. Clapp and N. A. Rightmire ; church clerk, H. A Howard ; deacons, Harvey Wygant, B. Wygant, D. J. Howard, W. H. Dobbin and C. D. Case. It is worthy of record that Harvey Wygant has served the church as deacon continuously for sixty years. The present membership is over 220 and the attendance at the Sabbath school more than 200. The earliest organization of the First Baptist church was prior to 1820. Services were held in school houses and Revs. Spencer and Noyce were among the pastors. The society was disbanded in 1838. But it was not dead; only sleeping. January 8, 1842, at a meeting held in the Joy school house articles of faith and and a church covenant were adopted. On the 30th of that month, midwinter, the first candidates for baptism were immersed in the running stream by the Rev. Franklin 47 370 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Woodward. They were Joel De Land, Luciiida De Land, Bleeker Webb, and Louisa Smith. February 2, the church was organized with twenty- eight members and in May the first pastor, Rev. Frankhn Woodward, began his labors. The succeeding pastors have been : Revs. Mr. Gris- vvold. Charles De Land, H. Stanwood, O. D. Taylor, J. Williams, J. Fargo, M. Forbes, B. P. Russell, E. L. Littel, D. McFarland, R. !•:. Burton, B. S. Terrey. The present pastor, Rev. H. H. Hunt, began his ministration in 1885. The present deacons are Nathan Case, H. A. De Land, William Newman, Burton Howe, Martin Austin, C. G. De- witt and Charles Sammons ; church clerk, William Newman ; trustees, C. C. Moore, Will O. Greene, George G. Bown, J. W. Morey, B. Howe, G. F. Wilcox, J. Y. Parce, George Case and L. J. De Land. The present church membership is 440 and the attendance at the Sabbath school averages about 500. The first church building was constructed in 1843. Additions and repairs were made at times and in 1876-7 the present brick edifice was built at a cost of more than $30,000. The society has expended more than $10,000 on its parsonage and church furnishings and its present property is valued at over $40,000. It is free from debt. The Free Baptist church of Fairport was organized in Egypt in 1840 by Rev. D. G. Holmes, and in 1847 removed to its present location and joining with a branch of the Walworth church in the northern part of the town effected the present organization. Among the early members and trustees were Benjamin Slocum, Nathan Case, Milton Budlong, Darius Talman and D. B. Conant. In 1848 a church edifice was built at a cost of $3,000. The pastors have been : Revs. D. G. Holmes, F. W. Straight. E. P. Talman, D. M. L. Rollin, H. S. Limbocker, A. Brown, R. Cameron, J. M. Brewster, W. H. Waldron, W. Taylor, R. H. Tozer, R. L. Howard, L. A. Crandall, T. H. Stacey, K. Brockway, W. C. Burns. The present pastor is L. W. Raymond. The present board of trustees is C. L. Peacock, William B. Bly, O. C. Adams, Frank Bown, Jason C. Spear, A. II. Knapp and George Luetweiler. The membership of the church is 167 and of the Sunday school 235. One of the prettiest and most complete village churches in Western New New York has just been finished by this society. It was dedicated Feb- ruary 7, 1895. It is built of Warsaw sandstone. The credit of its de- sign and fine construction belongs to the present pastor. A new and THE TOWN OF PERINTON. 371 ample parsonage also stands on the large church lot. The church property represents an outlay of over $20,000. The Church of the Assumption stands on a spacious and beautiful lot in the northern part of the village. The present brick church was ded- icated in 1883. In points of size and architecture it is conspicuous and is highly creditable to the society which erected it. A large and hand- some parsonage stands on the same lot. The first Catholic church of Fairport was built in 1856. The first pastor was Rev. William Casey. Succeeding pastors have been Revs. Louis Miller, P. C. McGrath. The present pastor, Rev. J. L. Codyre, has been the incumbent for many years and the present church property has been acquired under his ministration. Its value is over $20,000. The society is large and prosperous. Ivvo newspapers are published in Fairport, and receive a liberal pat- ronage. The Fairport Herald was started in 1873, by G. C. Taylor. J. Newman and George T. Frost purchased the Journal, and the latter soon became sole proprietor. In 1876 the present owner and editor, A. J. Deal, bought the paper and has since conducted it with ability and profit. The politics of the Herald is Republican, but local news is made the leading feature. The Monroe County Mail was founded in 1 881, by S. D. Palmer, and run as a radical prohibition paper. In 1886 the present proprietor, Will O. Green, bought it, changed its platform to that of entire inde^ pendence on political and social questions, giving much space to local news, and has been prosperous in his enterprise. Mr. Green owns a fine building 22 feet by 80, fitted with facilities for doing promptly fine job work. Of the present commercial enterprises of the village the most impor- tant, on account of age, continuous prosperity, wide and solid reputation and volume of business, is the De Land and Co. Fairport Chemical Works, which manufacture soda, saleratus, baking powder and sal soda. The business was begun in 1852 by D. B. De Land, in a small building then standing on the site of the present extensive works. Immediate and continuous success attended the enterprise. The business rapidly expanded until the goods were sold in most of the States and territories in the west and south. Shipments are made to foreign countries. A ;:572 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. large working force is employed in the factory, and a small army of agents kept in the field. The founder, Judge De Land, died in 1872, but his famil}' continued the business with increasing success, the manage- ment now being in the hands of his two sons, L. J. and W. M. De Land. This firm also owns and operates the village electric light plant. Feb- ruary 4, 1893, the works were entirely destroyed by fire, but were rebuilt the same year with better facilities and greater capacity. Fair- port is very largely indebted to the influence of this firm for its pros- perity, its numerous fine residences, the thrift of many citizens and its public improvements. Their money has been liberally expended in their own locality. There are two large canning factories in Fairport. The one first established, now belonging to the estate of A. H. Cobb, put up over 1,500,000 cans in 1894. They used the product of 700 acres of corn and peas, 7,500 bushels of pears, 40,000 bushels of apples, and large quantities of strawberries, cherries, plums and quinces. The firm employs several hundred people for many months in the }ear. The other factory is owned and operated by Mr. Howard Thomas, and much attention is paid to the canning of small fruits. The average quantities of products used yearly are as follows : strawberries, 100,000 quarts; cherries, 70,000 pounds ; raspberries, 100,000 quarts ; tomatoes, 300 tons ; plums, 4,300 bushels ; pears, 5,000 bushels ; quinces, 3,300 bushels; apples, 25,000 bushels. Several hundred hands are also employed in this factory in the season. The Fairport Vinegar Works is another enterprise of value to the town and to producers. It was established in 1893, by P. V. Vielie. The manager is William A. Salisbury. In 1894 40,000 bushels of apples were used and 3,330 barrels of cider for vinegar made. The storage capacity is 5,000 barrels. Twenty-seven tons of evaporated apples were produced. Near the railroad depot stands a fine looking building, which is the factory of William Newman and Son, manufacturers of and dealers in baking powder, spices, extracts, soda, saleratus, &c. An experience of more than twenty years enables the firm to turn out high quality goods which are sold by agents throughout several States. Brevities. — Residents of the town of Perinton who have been elected £) T3^^la^^^ THE TOWN OF PERINTON. 373 to the legislature to represent the first assembly district are as follows: Enoch Strong, Jeremiah Baker, G. L. G. Seeley, Walter S. Hubbell, L. J. De Land and F. A. Defendorf. The soldiers of the war of 1812 from Perinton were Nathan M. Nor- ton, James Hannan, Isaac Arnold, Darius Arnold, Walter Graham, Andrew Graham, Manton Graham, Ira Palmer, Larry Wilcox, Andrew Northrup. Adolphus Aldricli, Olney Staples, Roswell Everetts, Noah Ramsdell, Bennett Joy, Philip Piester. Perinton sent 265 men to the Union army in the civil war. A mon- ument costing $2,000 is erected to the memory of the fallen in the Mt. Pleasant cemetery. A complete record appears in another part of this book. The present members of the Board of Education of P'airport are Burton Howe, E B. Pratt, A. E. Hazen, Mrs. Truman Butts, J. H. Snow, Mrs. A. Higbie and H. H. Howell. Shipments of farm produce from Fairport by rail for the year 1894 were as follows : Cabbage, 9,383,800 pounds ; apples, 535,895 pounds ; potatoes, 9,588,680 pounds; canned fruic, 6,167,604 pounds; onions, 1,888,170 pounds; dried fruit, 285 200 pounds; beans, 23,325 pounds; quinces, 3,200 pounds ; grapes, i 5,155 pounds ; pears, 162,570 pounds ; cherries, 1,760 pounds; berries, 31,200 pounds; plums, 184,000 pounds. Total, 28,270,558 pounds. Equivalent to 1,178 car loads. The census of population of Perinton is as follows: 18 14, 821 ; 1820,, 1,664; 1825,2.190; 1830,2,183; 1835,2,030; 1840,2,513; 1845, 2,636; 1850,2,891; 1855,3,175; 1860,3,015; 1865,3,219; 1870, 3.261; 1875,3,868; 1880,4,030; 1890,4,450; 1892,4,658. The years ending with 'o' are the dates of the U. S. census; the others of the State census. The present officers of the Village Board are : President, Joseph Duncan; trustees, E. C. Wood, George Burlingame, A. D. Smith, C. C. Pike, N. S. Perkins, George Cobb, clerk, H, Mellen. Police Justice, O. P. Simmons ; treasurer, G. L G. Seeley. Twenty-one passenger railway trains daily stop at Fairport at one station, twelve westward bound and nine eastward. It is ten miles to Rochester. The town officials for the current year are : supervisor, Egbert L. 374 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Hodskin ; town clerk, Arthur Newman ; overseer of the poor, T. R. Pritchard ; road commissioner. D. B. Fuller; justices, H. A. Walker, O. P. Simmons, P. Doyle, Josiah Aldrich ; assessors, T. G. Jones, Charles Westerman, G. F. Wilcox. The present leading produce buyers, warehouse men, coal dealers, are A. M. Loomis, A. W. Palmer, Charles P^ffner & Co., A. Van Nor- man, Luther Talman and P>ank Howard. Other transient buyers are always in the market. The lumber yard of Dobbin & Moore is well equipped with stock, a large steam mill and extensive wood working machinery, enabling them to turn out fine work in this line. The W. A. Trescott Manu- facturing Co. also carries a stock of lumber and is engaged in building furnaces, fruit evaporators, bleachers, etc. Several pleasure steam and naphtha launches are owned by citizens of Fairport, and steam freight boats ply regularly between the village and Rochester and Syracuse. George G. Bown & Sons and J, T. Merkie are manufacturers of, and dealers in all kinds of wheeled vehicles and sleighs, and are ready for any job in the line of blacksmithing. Some of the present merchants of the town, dealing in dry goods and groceries are Howe & Kellogg, Blood & Peters, J. W. Morey, Snow, Parce & Snow Co., A. C. Hooker, George S. P'ilkins, McBride & Stillwell, O. Scribner ; druggists, Hodskin & Peacock, R. L. Fstes. C. R. Cramer, E. B. Pratt ; hardware, F. F. Shumers, W. T. Warsop, C. E. Williams; millinery. Miss Aggie Sproul, Mrs. W. ¥.. Bown, C. A. Phillips. G. C. Taylor is a manufacturer of patent medicines, extracts, condition powders, etc., whose trade is large and extends over a wide territory ; D. C. Becker conducts the onl}' banking house in town. The leading hotels are the Cottage Hotel, Fairport Hotel, Osburn House and Windsor Hotel. ¥.. C. Woods steam mill does a large local trade in grain, flour and feed. The present faculty of the Union school are, principal. Palmer G. Frail, A. M.; preceptress, L. Belle Sage; assistants, Mary E. Steele, Ella Zeilbeer, V.. M. Howes, Fanny L. Avery, Edith Bronson. Kate L. Turner, Sarah M. Peters, Edith Turner, Adelaide E. Archer, L. Vina Mullie, Alida Hitchings, P^lorence M. Thayer. THE TOWN OF PITTSFORD. 376 The following are the only statistics of farm production for the town of Perinton which the editor has been able to find as they appear in the State census reports : Products. 1840 1845 1855 1865 1875 No. of Horses, 747 1,229 1,000 986 885 " Cattle, 2,239 3,487 2,524 1,719 1. 713 Sheep, 6,208 7,799 5,008 7,829 1,650 " Swine, 2,933 2,144 1,676 2,628 479 Bushels of Wheat, 63,489 48,586 44,662 25,782 30,295 " Barley, 4,127 3.615 8,525 7,789 Oats, 31,773 30,105 48,728 30,236 62,233 Rye, 130 23 281 1,095 1,827 " Buckwheat 1. 371 1,748 1,591 3.324 960 " Corn, 24, 1 12 29,428 42,190 50,731 37,341 Pounds of Wool, 14,450 18,968 Bushels of Potatoes, 43.564 26,507 62,150 105,752 220,081 Tons of Hay, 2,738 3,062 3,782 Pounds of Sugar, 8,461 Hops, . 1,800 8,000 4,700 CHAPTER XIV. THE TOWN OF PITTSFORD. About the time of the completion of the Erie canal, a writer of local history said of the town of Pittsford, that it was " a post-township of Monroe county, containing twenty-two square miles. It has Ironde- quoit creek in the southeast corner, and Noyes creek in the northwest, but is poorly supplied with mill seats. If the soil is as good as has been represented, its population increases rather slowly. The Erie canal holds a very devious course across this town, from the northeast corner by and almost around Pittsford village and bearing southeast to the southeast part of the Great Embankment over Irondequoit creek, where 376 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. it enters Perinton. Pittsford is a good township, but owes mucli of its prospects to the canal." There was much truth in tliese words of the early writer of Pittsford history, for the settlement of the town was in fact slow, and the con- struction of the canal was an important factor in the development of local interests. The canal as originally built did have an exceedingly devious course through the town, and even the straightening and en- larging process of 1835 ^^^ ^^^ years following did not have the effect to entirely remove the objections alluded to by the author quoted. Notwithstanding, however, the apparent slow growth of Pittsford in its early history, it was one of the first settled regions in the Genesee coun- try. And we may also add that the soil is as '" good as has been rep- resented," for then the town had only 6,112 acres of improved land, whereasnow nearly all of its 14,596 acres are instate of cultivation or valu- able for domestic purposes ; and could the historian of 1820 to-day see the annual potato crops, several hundred car loads, shipped to market he indeed would feel justified in his old observation that " Pittsford is a good township." The town, under its present name was formed from " Smallwood, ' March 25, 18 14, and included all that is now Pittsford and Henrietta. The latter town was set ofif March 27, 18 18. As is well understood the lands of Pittsford formed exceedingly small part of the vast so-called Phelps and Gorham Purchase, and by those proprietors was sold, or at least a large portion thereof, to Israel and Simon Stone and Seth Dodge. Their tract comprised 13,300 acres; nearly all that is now Pittsford, for which they were to pay eighteen pence per acre. However, within a very short time after making this purchase the lands of this region in- creased rapidly, seeing which, Phelps and Gorham sought to regain this tract, and they agreed with Stones and Dodge to give them one-half of the tract without further payment if the latter would relinquish their claim to the other half. This was done, and by it the Stones became absolute owners of nearly one-half the lands of this town for the mere nominal consideration of about thirty dollars. Israel and Simon Stone at once began preparations for the sale and settlement of their splendid tract. They came here in 1789, cleared a few acres, sowed it with wheat, then returned east for the winter. '^cnro^^ d/ ^y'-t^i^^ THE TOWN OF PITTSFORD. 377 Simon Stone's first log house stood a short distance south of Pittsford village, while the abode of his brother was built near a spring on the village site. Israel Stone died in his old home in i88o, and in after years a serious annoyance was caused the settlers by reason of the de- mands made by his widow. She unexpectedly came forward and claimed her dower right, she claiming not to have signed the deeds exe- cuted by her husband and his brother. To Israel and Simon Stone has always been accorded the honor of being the first permanent settlers in this town, but it is a fact well known that at least two years before the Stones came here John Lusk and his son, Stephen, had a squatter's residence near the head of Iron- dequoit bay. They had cleared twelve acres and sowed it with wheat. Lusk had in fact purchased from the Indians 1,500 acres, but as his title was of course worthless, he was afterward compelled to repurchase from the proper owners; this he did in 1791, taking 1,000 acres at twenty five cents an acre. Through the influence of the Stones the actual settlement of the town was begun in 1 791, in which year came from the east the families of Josiah Farr, Silas Nye and his sons, Nathan, Silas, jr., and Caleb, Thomas Clennand, Major Ezra Patterson and Josiah Girninson. Clennand was an old Revolutionary soldier. Farr planted the first orchard. Dr. John Ray settled in the town in 1792. Noah Norton came in 1794. built the first frame house in 1795. Simon Stone built the first saw mill,^ and as he was a nail maker he proved a useful man in the new settle- ment. In 1792 the settlers were Caleb Hopkins, William Acker, Israel Canfield and Benjamin Miller. Other pioneers who came about the same time were Dr. Daniel Rood, Jonas Sawens, Elihu Doud, Abner Stone, Amos Stone, Daniel Perrin, Glover Perrin, John Acer, and others; and previous to 1800 there had come to the town that pioneer preacher, Thomas Billinghurst, and also Richard Welch, William Agate, Robert and Simon Holland, Jared Barker, Henry Bailey, and others. Among the other early settlers of the town whose names are worthy of at least a passing mention were Giles Blodgett, Nathan Calhoun, Richard Savage, Henry Bailey, William Griffin, Thomas Kempshall, George Parrott, Horace Converse, Alexander Chubb, Joseph Chubb, Paul Richardson. In the same connection may also be mentioned the 48 378 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. " English colony," who came to Pittsford in 1804. The party consisted of Richatd Priestly, and his family and descendants, numbering nineteen persons in all, and each of whom lived to an advanced age. Among the early settlers of Pittslord were several men who had served in the American army during the Revolutionary war. They were Ebenezer Graves, Captain Henry Gale, Captain Silas N)'(., Deacon Samuel Stone, Thomas Cleeland, and others, perhaps, whose names have been forgotten. The town also furnished a number of officers and men for service in the war of 1812, while the whole number of able-bodied men in the vicinity were in the enrolled militia and subject to military duty. Caleb Hopkins was on the frontier, colonel of the fifty- second regiment and took from the town several young men. William Jones was killed. A. M. Gallagher wore shoulder straps. Amnion Dunn was killed and scalped by the Indians. Joel Dunn was captured and held to the end of the war. James Merrill was also in the service. Candius Boughton mustered a company of cavalry during the war and the men were en- camped in the village several weeks. Although the early settlement of Pittsford may have been slow during the first twenty years of its history, the character of its population was firm to a degree somewhat greater than many of the eastern towns could boast. Previous to 1796 little civil jurisdiction had been exercised over the region although as early as 1789 the seven towns of Pittsford, Per- inton, Penfield, Webster, Brighton, Irondequoit, Henrietta, together with all that part of Rochester east of the river, constituted " the dis- trict of Northfield," a civil division of Ontario county. This district, however, had no special organization previous to 1796, in which year town officers were first elected. They were Silas Nye, supervisor ; John Ray, town clerk; Noah Norton, Caleb Hopkins, Glover Perrin, assessors. A full board of town officers was chosen, but so (e\v of them were in fact residents in Pittsford that the subject has little local importance. Later subdivisions of this large territory were made soon after 1800, but not until March 25, 1814, was the town of Pittsford created under the original name of Smallwood. Then the town included all that is now Pittsford and Henrietta. The latter was separated March 27, 1818. The town of pittsford. 379 The first officers for the town of Pittsford were as follows : Ezra Pat- terson, supervisor; John Ray, town clerk ; Nathan Nye, William Grif- fin, and Stephen Lusk, assessors ; Henry Bailey, Hutchinson Patterson, and James Sperry, commissioners of highway ; Glover Perrin and Jonas Sawens, overseers of the poor ; Nathan Kingsley, collector; Ebenezer Gooding, Nathan Kingsley and Calvin Kingsley, constables. In this connection it is interesting to note the succession of super- visors of Pittsford ; and inasmuch as the succession is complete from the organization of Northfield in 1796, the entire list may be given, viz., Silas Nye. 1796-97 ; Noah Norton, 1798 ; Silas Nye, 1799; Ezra Pat- terson, 1 800-1 804; also 1806, 1807, 181 1 and 1813 ; Augustus Gris ■ wold, 1805 ; William McKinstry, 1808; Caleb Hopkins, 1809; Stephen Lusk, 1810; Samuel Spafford, 1812-13 ; Ezra Patterson, 1814; Nathan Nye, 1815-16 ; Samuel Fell, 1817 ; Samuel Stone 2d, 1818-25 ; Stephen Lusk, 1826-28; Nathan Calhoun, 1829-32; also 1834, 1838-39, John Armstrong, 1833; Ephraim Goss, 1835-36, 1847-48, 1855; Solomon Stone, 1837, 1843-45, 1856; Marvin Hopkins, 1840, 1842, 1846, 1850, 1862; Ira Bellows, 1841 ; Wales M. Huntington, 1849; Elias Mathews, 1851 ; Horace Wheeler, 1852-53; William C. Rowley, 1854; Thomas Wilcox, 1857; Isaac Sutherland, 1858; Daniel Kingsley, 1859-60, and 1863; Jarvis Lord, 1861 ; Nathan R Welch, 1864; Patrick Malone, 1865-72; Francis A. Shearer, 1873-74; George A. Goss, 1875-77; Samuel H. Stone, 1878; Patrick Malone, 1879 ; George A. Goss, 1880;. J. M. Wiltsie, 1881-83; Samuel H. Stone, 1884-85; Thomas Spiegel, 1886-87; George A. Goss, 1888-95. The officers of the town of Pittsford for the year 1895 ^^^ ^^ follows : George B. Goss, supervisor; Charles Zarnow, Charles H. True, Samuel H. Stone and George Morse, justices of the peace ; George Thomas, town clerk ; Samuel H. Stone, Edward W. Giskin and Charles R. Tobey, assessors ; Jeffrey M. Birdsall, collector ; Charles B. Emmons, overseer of the poor ; William Ascomb, highway commissioner; Will- iam Alms, William Supner and Charles Lexman, excise commissioners ; George R. Hicks and N. C. Steele, constables. The old records of Pittsford furnish some rather interesting reminiscences of early times, and through them we learn that early in the century some of the •wealthy families owned and kept slaves. While quite an unusual cir~ 380 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY cumstance in this region it is not surprising when we remember that the early settlers were chiefly New Englanders and that slavery was at that time one of the firmly rooted institutions of that region of country. However, not many years passed by before the slaves owned in Pitts- ford were set free. In a preceding portion of this chapter reference has been made to the observations of an early writer wherein it is stated that the early growth of the town was somewhat ret.irded. While measurably true, we are inclined to doubt the absolute accuracy of the writer when we recall the fact that in 1820 Pittsford had a population of 1,582, while Henrietta, tlie child town of Pittsford, in the same year had a popula- tion of 2. 181. As evidence of substantial growth in later years we glean from census reports the fact that in 1830 the inhabitants num- bered 1,831 ; in 1840 the number was 1,983; in 1850 was 2,061 ; in i860 was 2,028; in 1870 was 1,974; in 1880 was 2,236, and in 1890 was 2,129. In 1824, according to statistics, there were in the town 290 farmers, seventy mechanics, ten merchants or persons engaged in trade, ten free blacks and no slaves. There were owned in the town at that time 1,330 cattle, 272 horses, 2,880 sheep, and there was in operation two grist mills, three saw mills, two distilleries, and one ashery. Ten year^ later the cattle numbered 2,257; horses, 789 ; sheep, 3,234 ; swine, 2,338; and there were three grist mills, one saw mill, three distilleries, three tanneries, and one brewery in successful operation. In addition to these early enterprises and industries the town had several others of more or less importance, but from what has been stated the reader will discover that Pittsford has not been wholly wanting in the matter of internal improvement and development. The one great acquisition which above all others added to early local pros- perity was the construction of the Erie canal, one grand result of which was the founding and building up of an attractive and substantial village, besides the advancement of numerous other interests in the locality. Still later (1840) the Rochester and Auburn railroad was completed and opened for traffic through the town, and this, too, was of the greatest benefit to the inhabitants. The Village of Pittsford. — Like all New Englanders, the early settlers THE TOWN OF PITTSFORD. 381 in this town made provision for a trading center, but just when the village took definite character is difficult to determine at this time. Israel Stone, the pioneer, built his house on the village site and had much to do with its early history. He had a stock of goods, yet gave more attention to the sale of liis land than to trade. Augustus Elliott opened a store as early as i8io and soon after the war, opened a hotel_ Samuel Hildreth came here in 1814, opened a store and soon afterward a hotel and was also proprietor of a stage line between Rochester and Canandaigua. Henry S. Potter started in trade here in 1821 and con- tinued until 1850. Charles Richardson and Thomas Benedict were also early merchants. Elihu Doud had a brick yard. In 18 14, Dr. A. G. Smith, Nathan Nye, Colonel Hopkins and John Acer opened a large store, but the concern failed after four years. Sylvanus Lathrop was an early surveyor and undertook to bridge Irondequoit valley for the Erie canal, but his project proved a failure. Among the first physicians in the village were Drs Smith, Carver, Ray, Rood, Monroe, Bowen, Huntington, Camp, Reynolds and Carne. Jabez Hull was a lawyer and was in the town before 1800 and was followed later on by Simon Stone 2d, William G. Taylor, Ira Bellows and others. The village was incorporated April 7, 1827. and on the 7th of May following its first officers were elected. The trustees were John Lane, Philo Hurd; Simon Stone 2d, Samuel Hopkins and Carmi Hart ; treasurer, Henry S. Potter; collector. Palmer B. Wilder; constable, Ephraim Hopkins f assessors, John Acer, Uriah Parker and Joseph E. Camp ; clerks, Mor- timer F. Delano and Edward Dodd ; fire wardens, Ira Buck, Thomas Hartwell, George Hart. Mr. Hard was elected president of the board and village, but resigned and was succeeded in both offices by James K. Guernsey. From 1827 to the present time the presidents of the village have been as follows: James K. Guernsey, L. H. Clapp, Ira Bellows, M. F Delano, John Acer, Erastus Gaylord, Alexander Voor- hees, Frederick Boughton, Henry S, Potter, Henry Fitch, David Hay- wood, Albert Marcellus, David W. Smith, E. Goss, George Marvin, E. W. Gaskin, P. Malone, Lucius M. May, James M. Wiltsie, George A. Goss (the record for the years 1877 and 1878 were burned), Samuel H. Stone, Wesley Van Buskirk, George A. Goss, G. F. Vought, Thomas Spiegel. The present president is Wesley Van Buskirk ; clerk, Burton M. Wiltsie. 382 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. As at present constituted and governed, Pittsford enjoys the distinc- tion of being one of the prettiest and most desirable residence villages in Monroe county. Early in its history a number of the most influen- tial men sought to establish this as a manufacturing and commercial center of prominence, and put forth very laudable efforts to accomplish that result. But manufacturers found the admirable water power and other superior advantages of the county seat far more desirable, hence all business of magnitude naturally centered there Neverthe- less, in a moderate way, Pittsford has become a rather important municipality in the county. It is pleasantly situated and always pre- sents a clean and inviting appearance. Many of the old structures are preserved and still standing, a pleasant contrast with surrounding build- ings of modern construction. The public or village properties are few, and according to the necessities of the times fair provision is made. The fire department consists of two hand engines, with hose and hooks and ladders. The first fire wardens, elected in 1827, were Ira Buck, Thomas Hartwell and George Hart. The principal fraternal and social organizations of the village are Northfield Lodge, F. & A. M , which has a temple building owned by the lodge. James Harmer is the present master. There are also the Grange, Knights of " S. F. I.," and G. A. R. organizations, each in good condition. The business interests of the present day are well represented and appear to be established on a firm basis. J T, Vought & Son are pro- prietors of a large steam roller flouring mill ; Rand Bros, have a hosiery knitting mill and are doing a good business. W. & J. Agate are maltsters, and Samuel Hutchinson has an extensive cooper shop. Wadhams & Whitlock are proprietors of the local planing and lumber mill and yards. The principal merchants are Wiltsie & Crump, and J. B. Bacon & Co., each of which firms carry a large stock of general merchandise. The hotels are the Phoenix, National, Exchange and Cottage. The people of the village feel a just and pardonable pride in their Union Free School, and in the system of instruction employed therein. The present Board of Education is composed of Drs. P. D. Carpenter, W. W. Johnson and W. H. Doane, also Charles H. True, Samuel H, Stone, Grandin T. Vought and J. M. Wiltsie. The principal is F. J. Withinsfton. THE TOWN OF PITTSFORD. , 383 The ecclesiastical history of Pittsford relates to village and town in combination and cannot be mentioned as pertaining specially to either, and will be generally treated in this chapter. The Presbyterian Church of Pittsford is one of the oldest religious organizations in the Genesee country, and was formed in the year 1807, including in its first membership many of the pioneer families of the region, and antedating in its history the town itself. The first trustees were Orange Stone, Thomas Kempshall, Amos Bronson, William Spear, Glover Perrin and Samuel Stone. According to its original organiza- tion the society was known as *' The Congregational Society of North- field," but became Presbyterian in form of church organization on April 20, 1 8 14, at which time it was received into the Geneva Presby- tery. Rev. John Stewart was the first settled pastor, in February, 1808, succeeded by Rev. Solomon Allen in 1809. The first services were held in the log meeting house north of the village, but in 18 16 a frame building was erected on the hill a mile south of the village. In 1826 a third edifice was built in the settlement, which burned in 1861, and was replaced witli a more modern and substantial structure in 1862 ; dedicated May 13, 1863. This society is numerically and perhaps in- fluentially stronger than any of its contemporaries in Pittsford. Its present members number 200, and the church is under the pastoral care of Rev. Arthur M. Smith. The Sunday school has 150 attendants. The present trustees are Angelo Crump, George Goss and Henry. Thornell. The Baptist church of Pittsford had its origin in the early informal meetings held in the region as early as 1804, but not until the 20th of October, 1809, was the Second Baptist Church of Boyle duly organ- ized. Elder Daniel Brown, of Ogden, was ordained pastor November 30, 1809. Robert Heath and Noah Norton were the first deacons, while the original members were Richard and Ann Priestly, Robert Heath, John Roworth and Daniel Brown. William Hill and Jacob Mann were baptized October 20, 1809. The first church edifice was erected in 1826, on the hill, the meetings of the society previous to this time being held in dwellings, school houses and barns. In 1850 the old house on the hill was vacated and a substantial church home provided in the village. The present condition of the church is progressive, although 384 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. its past life and experience iiave not been vvholl)' without vicissitudes In membership it now numbers ninety persons, and in tiie Sunday school are 125 children. The pastor is Rev. George R. Varney, and the trustees are James T. Hurlingame, William Agate, sr., and Merritt Tobey. The Methodist Episcopal Church of Pittsford was founded and estab- lished in January, 1831, though as early as 181 5 local preachers and circuit riders had held occasional services in the town. The first trustees of the local society were Ephraim Goss, Michael Miller, Peter Hopkins, Nehemiah Phillips, Lemuel Hard, Daniel True, Henry S. Potter, Alfred Doud, Moses Mather and Caleb Munson. • After the organization a meeting house was at once erected on a lot deeded the society by P^benezer Sutherland, but the location proved unfortunate and injured the early increase of the society. In 1843 the building was torn down and moved to a more convenient site in the village. The church has a present membership of fifty persons ; the Sunday school, thirty-five. The pastor is Rev. James E. Wallace, and the trustees, J. W. Geare, S. A. Wilson, George Kingsley, George Hooker and Albert Rowe. A Free Methodist church and society were organized in Pittsford in 1864. A house of worship was provided and the society progressed for a time, but later on, through lack of interest and membership, was dissolved, several of its members uniting with the M. E. church. Christ Church, Protestant Episcopal, of Pittsford, was organized as a parish, November 2, 1846, although as early as 18 1 7 church services had been conducted in the town ; and in 1844 regular services began. When organized Sylvester Parker and A. Vought were chosen wardens. In 1846 a liitle building was provided as a church home, and in 1868 the new edifice was erected and dedicated. The present officers of the church and society are H. L. Wood, rector; C. H. Porter, senior warden ; F. G. Barnard, junior warden ; and George Thomas, J. B. Bacon, Henry Smalley, M. W. Rand and H. C. Knickerbocker, vestry- men. St. Paul's German Lutheran Church of Pittsford was organized and edifice built in 1866, Rev. B. Mueller, and from that time the society and church have grown and enlarged until its total membership and congregation includes 425 persons. The present pastor is Rev. G. H. Gomph. The trustees are John Hertzer, John Baker, Andrew Wentz, Frederick Buckholz and John Stero. THE TOWN OF PITTSFORD. 385 The parish of St. Louis' church, Roman Catholic, was organized in 1873, and during the same year the church edifice was erected. How- ever, as early as 1856, Fathers Casey and Miller said masses in the town. In the parish to-day are 200 Catholic members, under the pas- toral charge of Rev. Father J. L. Coydre. A Universalist. society was organized in Pittsfield at an early day, and lived and flourished for many years, until about 1850, when it dis- solved. Of the schools and educational system of the town of Pittsford little can be said, for the reason that this special and important department of local government preserves few of its records. However, tradition informs us that a log school house was built or in existence one mile south of the village as early as 1794, and in 1806 a frame school house was built on the same site. The first frame school house was built in 1804, in then district No. 2. After Henrietta was set off in 18 18, it became necessary to rearrange the Pittsford districts. In 1824 the town had nine districts, and 444 children of school age. In 1835 the districts nnmbered ten, and children, 531. In 1894, and at the present time, the number of districts is ten, and children of school age, 571. There are also ten school houses, five of which are frame and five brick. The school property of the town is valued at $25,050. For the year ending July 31, 1894, the town had school revenues to the amount of $7,855.55, of which $1,793.96 were public moneys; raised by town tax $5,005.37. During the year fifteen teachers were employed and paid $4,900.28. Repairs for the year cost $1,398, and other expenses about $1,300. 49 386 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. CHAPTER XV. THE TOWN OF RIGA. This town originaliy formed a part of old Northampton, the mother to Monroe county towns west of the Genesee. Northampton, however, was divided on December 8, 1807, and Pultney erected out of a part of its territory, the latter including what is now Chili and Riga, respect- ively known as East and West Pultney. They formed a part of the same jurisdiction until 1822, when the eastern township was set off and named Chili. Riga occupies a position on the western border of the county, and is bounded north by Ogden ; east by Chili ; south by Wheatland and a part of Genesee county, and west by Bergen, Genesee county. It has an area of 21,356 acres of land, all as well cleared and as susceptible of continuous cultivation as any in the county. The land surface is level or gently undulating, the only water course of any note being Black Creek, a dull, sluggish stream, flowing in a tortuous course through the town near its center. The soil generally is a clayey loam, rich and fer- tile and yields abundantly and profitably under proper tillage. As a matter of fact, Riga is and for many years has been known as one of the best farming towns of the county, but this condition has been produced through the energy and perseverance of the inhabitants, for naturally the town has no features that make it superior to surrounding towns. It so happened that this special region was settled under the personal direction of James Wadsworth, land agent, and he succeeded in bringing to the locality a class of persons who were practical, thor- ough, energetic and determined men, chiefly Massachusetts Yankees, who laid the proper foundation for lasting benefits to succeeding gene- rations, and to-day the inhabitants of Riga live in the enjoyment of results of their forefathers' thrift. And it is, also, a fact that the later occupants of the soil have not been neglectful of their interests, but THE TOWN OF RIGA 387 liave, as a rule, faithfully kept up and maintained the early standard of excellence established by the pioneers. This suggestion naturally leads us to inquire into the first settlement of the town and discover who were those worthy pioneers. Before proceeding to the subject of pioneership in the town it is well enough to state that the lands of Riga were a part of the famous " Mill- Seat Tract," deeded to the Phelps and Gorham proprietors by the Ind- ians. The region, however, soon passed into the hands of Robert Mor- ris, of Philadelphia, the financier of the Revolution, and by him were sold to the Pultney estate, alias the Pultneys, the Pultney Associates, and the Pultney heirs. The agency for the sale and development of these lands was entrusted to James Wadsworth, and through his efforts they were peopled by a thrifty class of inhabitants. Settlement in Riga was somewhat delayed by reason of the fact that its lands lay rather to the north of the great thoroughfare of travel to the west — the highway leading from Canandaigua to Le Roy, Batavia and Buffalo — and it was not until 1806 that the first pioneer settler came to the town. This honor, if such it be, fell to Elihu Church who then located on lot 94, but during the same year, Amasa and Deacon Nehemiah PVost, William Parker, Richard and Samuel Church, Ezekiel Barnes, Samuel Shepard Samuel Baldwin, Henry Brewster also came to the town and made improvements, though the families of some of them did not come here until the following year. In 1807 still more families became settle; s in Riga, and among them may be recalled the names of Enos Moore and his sons, Ephraim and Samuel, Joseph Thompson, George Richmond, Benajah Holbrook, Charles and Eber Orcutt, Thomas Bingham and his three sons, Joseph, Justin and William, and also his daughter who became Mrs. Pratt. There were also James Knowles and his sons James, William and Paul ; Joseph Emerson and three stalwart sons, Erastus, Joseph and George, Jesse Church, Clark Hall, Rev. Robert Hill, Thomas and George Hill, and their sister. Mrs. Emerson. In 1808 Benjamin F. Richmond set- tled south of Churchville hamlet, and about the same time Dr. John Darling located at the Center. Between 1808 and 18 1 1 the tide of immigration equaled that of any previous period, and among the settlers of the time were Deacon Hill, 388 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Erastus Sprague, Daniel Hawes, Thomas Gay, Hibbard Hall, George E. Harmon, Oliver Ide, the blacksmith, Ebenezer Clark, Dr. Richard Dibble, Joseph Sibley, Tuttle, Thomas Adams, Klisha P. Davis, George Baldwin and John Crocker. Other and perhaps later settlers were Billings Richmond, Dr. Thurber, Richard Chamberlain, H. Orton, Isaac Lacy, William Frost, A. Nettleton. Linus Pierson, Jonathan Tup- per, William Chafney, Warner Douglass, Charles Harward, Ebenezer Slater, Jacob Cole, I. C. Griswold, Solomon Blood, Daniel Densmorc, and others, all of whom were here at least as early as the first years of the war of 1812. During this period settlement was of course much retarded, and for a time absolutely stopped, in fact some of the timid ones returned east, but the great majority remained and were reason- ably well prepared to join an)' movement whenever called into service. Having brought to notice the names of nearly all the first settlers in Riga, we may now with equal propriety note the first events in town history, for these Yankees were energetic and established whatever was needful for material welfare. Pioneer Elisha Church is accredited with building the first dweUing house, in 1806, the year of his settlement in the town. He also cleared the first land and raised the first grain. Tlie death of Richard Church, father to Elisha, was the first event of its kind in Riga. The first birth was a daughter of Samuel Church, born 1806, while the first male child was Hiram, son of Samuel Shep- ard, born also in 1806. The first marriage was that of Joseph Sibley, and Clarissa, daughter of Richard Church. The first store was opened in 1808 by Thompson & Tuttle, at the Center, while in the same year Amasa Frost opened tavern in a log house, also at the Center. Here, too, the first school was taught by Thomas Gay. John Darling was the first physician in 1808, and Rich- ard Dibble the second, two years later. Both lived at the Center. The first postmaster was Joseph Thompson, when appointed is not now known, but Dr. Dibble held the office in 18 14. Benajah Holbrook was the first blacksmith. The first pastor was Rev. Allen Hollister, founder in part of the Congregational church in Riga. This little hamlet near the center of the town which we call Riga Center, was once known to the pioneers as West Pultney, and under that name the settlement was founded. It has ever been a custom amouiz THE TOWN OF RIGA. 389 native New Englanders to establish a convenient trading center, and they generally make ample provision for future growth and develop- ment. So they did in Riga. After the name Pultney had been dropped the two little hamlets became known as Riga and East Riga, the latter now is Chili and so called. From this we infer correctly that Riga was the principal of the villages named, Churchville being a later growth and owing much of its prosperity to its railroad connections. Among the various primitive industries of Riga was the saw mill built by Samuel Church in i8o8, and also the grist mill by the same owner, erected in i8ii. These structures led to the founding of Churchville, the village so called being named in allusion to and in honor of Samuel Church. These mills were built on Black Creek, as also were others in later years. George Baldwin built a saw mill in 1812, south of the village, and a third was put up in 18 18 by Thomas Adams. Mr. Church then built his second saw mill on the creek. The first dis- tillery was built in 1 814 by John Crocker, and the second a few years afterward by Erastus Sprague. Thus it will be noticed that the resources of Riga were quite fully de- veloped at a very early day by the determined inhabitants of the town. The first settlement was made in 1806 and within a dozen years from that time the town became well populated, and the people were engaged in various manufacturing enterprises. The census reports for 1820 in- form us that Riga (inclusive of Chili) then had two grist mills, twelve . saw mills, two fulling mills, two carding machines, five distilleries and seven asheries. In 18 10, four years after the first pioneer came to the town, the population numbered 864, and in the next ten years increased to 3,139, a record rarely equaled in the whole Genesee country. The erection of Chili in 1822 took from Riga 24,558 acres of land and nearly half its population, the number of inhabitants in Riga in 1825 being 1,745, while Chili had 1,827. Indeed so rapid was the settlement of the region when once begun that the creation of a new jurisdiction became imperative, hence on the 8th of December, 1807, the town of Pultney was formed, and on the 4th of April, 1809, Riga was organized, supsereding Pultney both in name and government. At the first town meeting, held at the house of Henry Waidener. these ofificers were elected : Thomas Hill, supervisor ; 390 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Joshua Howell, town clerk ; Ebenezer Slater, Jesse Church and Isaac Douglass, assessors ; Thomas Gay, collector; Warner Douglass, con stable; Thomas Bingham, I. C. Griswold and Jacob Cole, road com- missioners; Amasa Frost and Henry Waidener, overseers of the poor; Daniel Densmore, George Richmond and Solomon Blood, fence viewers. In this connection it is interesting to note the succession of incum- bents of the supervisorship, the principal office in the town, viz : Thomas Hill, 1809-10; Klihu Church, 181 1-13 ; Richard Dibble, 1814; Elihu Church, 1815-16 ; Joseph Sibley, 1817-18 ; Isaac Lacey, 1819-20; Joseph Sibley, 1821 ; Joseph Thompson, 1822-23 ; Joseph Sibley, 1824; Joseph Thompson, 1825-26; Phineas Smith, 1827-29; Thomas Bingham, 1830; Hubbard Hall, 1831-32; Elihu Church, 1833-35; John R. Smith, 1836; Asa Adams, 1837; Lucius Lilley, 1838-40: Spencer Smith, 1841 ; James R. Flynn. 1S42 ; Aretas Adams, 1843-44 ; Ashabel A. Hosmer, 1845-49; Dennis Church, 1850; Aretas Adams, 1851-53; Paul Knowles, 1854-55; Volney Lacey, 1856-57; George Brown, 1858-61 ; Zophar VVillard. 1862-63 ; M. J. Molloch, 1864-65; Henry W. Davis, 1866-69; James W. Craig, 1870; James P. Knowles, 1871 ; George Savage, 1872-75; Henry W. Davis, 1876-78; Stewart Church, 1879-80; George Savage, 1881-84; Oscar S Babcock, 1885- 89; William S. Church, 1890-91 ; Henry J. Snyder, 1892-95. The officers of Riga for the year 1895 are as follows : Henry J. Snyder supervisor; Alfred Harrison, town clerk; Oscar S. Babcock, Edward Fitch, Henry Richmond and James L. Sackett, justices of the peace ; Edwin Emens, Spencer Johnson and Angus Mcintosh, assessors ; John Lemmon, overseer of the poor; Richard Barnum, collector; James Brady, Ellsworth Savage and Robert Snyder, excise commissioners; James Dennis, Charles Lear and Richard Barnum, constables ; John Mcintosh, Richard Atbridge and John Stewart, road commissioners. The little centrally located village of Riga Center was the chief cen- ter of trade and business in the town for a period of about twent}'-five years ; and then began to yield its importance to the village of Church- ville. Still later, in 1852, the completion of the Rochester and Buffalo railroad gave to Churchville an additional importance and correspond- ingly injured local interests at the Center. Almost the only institution of the latter place which has been permanent and enduring, is the old First THE TOWN OF RIGA. 391 Congregational church, one of the pioneer churches of the whole region ; and to its early history we may briefly refer, although its early records are so incomplete and imperfect that little reliance is to be placed in them. This society and church were organized at the Center, December 9, 1809, by the Rev. Oliver Ayers, with these original members: Nehemiah Frost, Henry Brewster, John Barber, Benjamin Kneeland, Elizabeth Frost, Rebecca Brewster, Lois Baldwin, Sally Barker, Su- sanna Wallis, Elizabeth Buell and Rebecca Frost. Nehemiah Frost was the first deacon, and Rev. Allen Hollister the first pastor. During the first fourteen years of its history services were held in the school house but in 1823 a church edifice was completed. From that time the society has been continuous, although during more recent years the membership is somewhat reduced. At the present time the pastorate of this church is supplied by Rev. Mr. Anderson, of Caledonia. The old Riga Academy was also at one time an institution of the Center, and of the town, of more than passing importance, though its career was of brief duration. It was founded in 1846 through the efforts of members of the Congregational church who were desirous to give their children the advantages of a higher education than was offered in the common schools, and at the same time keep them within the influence of home. On the iith of May, 1846, the academy was incorporated by the Regents, and the trustees purchased the old Joseph Thompson tavern, erected in 181 1, which they remodeled, enlarged and arranged for school purposes. The trustees referred to were Ira Rich- ards, president ; Dennis Church, secretary ; Asa Adams, treasurer ; and Dr. John R. Smith, Alfred Fitch, Thomas Adams, Joshua P. Rogers, Dr. Isaac Lovejoy, Gordon Baldwin, Elias Ward, Samuel C. Baldwin, Rev. Silas H. Ashman and Sherman Ward. However, as an educa- tional institution the Riga Academy was not a success, and was aban- doned after six years of unprofitable life. Its principals were Revs. Franklin W. Olmstead, George Thompson, Prof R. D. H. Allen and Professor Wedge, in the order named. Churchville. — This pretty little village is situated in the northwest part of Riga, on Black Creek. Its name was given in allusion to the former owner of the land on which the village has been built up — 392 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Samuel Church — a pioneer of the town and one of the most enter- prising of the early settlers. In 1 8o8 Mr. Church built a saw mill near the village site, and soon afterward several other industries were started. This led to the village settlement, one interest adding to another, one dwelling and its tenant constantly swelling the population, until we find on Samuel Church's farm an altogether progressive and thrifty munic- pality ; not large, to be sure, yet comfortable, convenient and quiet. In 1852 a railroad was constructed through the then hamlet site, which had the effect to enlarge and increase all business interests, both of vil- lage and town. This created a necessity for more liberal expenditures for local good, and a village corporation was the result. The first election was held on the 7th of March, 1855. The first officers, elective and appointive, were as follows: J. M. Jameson, Zephas Willard and John Markley, trustees; A. R. Smith, clerk; J. M. Ran dall, John Markly and L. Bangs, assessors ; Lemuel Brook, collector ; J. B. Johnson, treasurer; J. M. Randall and Norman Savage, street commissioners ; J. W. Craig, P. Stone and Roswell Clark, fire wardens. The trustees for 1895 are Charles G. Stewart, president, and Selden G. Hitchins, Frank Potter, Thomas Parnell and Alfred Harrison ; clerk, Fred E. Smith. Returning to the early history of the village, mention may be made of some of the first occupants and business enterprises. The first habitation of man on the village site was the log house occupied by Samuel Church, and the first frame dwelling was that of George E. Harmon. The first store was opened by Linus Pierson, about 18 14 or 1815, and the second by Hubbard Hall, about 1818. A public house was opened early, as the village happened to be a place on the stage route where the drivers changed horses, and the tavern was then as necessary as the store. Elisha P. Davis built and kept the tavern, and also officiated as postmaster. Later hotel keepers were one Conwell and Ichabod Sprague, the last mentioned soon after 1830. However, as a business center, Churchville has never attained any special prominence among the country towns of the county, nor do the people lay claim to the possession of a commercial village. Here is the heart of a large and valuable agricultural region, the soil being especially productive of wheat, barley and beans. These, and all other products of the vicinity are shipped to market from the station at Churchville. r- u -^^1^ ^W i ''-^aB^^^Hp^ ^^^^■1 f '^l ^^•\ 1 ^-^4^^-^ THE TOWN OF RIGA. 393 Among the more prominent present business interests of the village may be mentioned the large and well known water-power grist mill of Sage & Potter ; the works and gum factory of the Specialty Company, and the general stores of Alfred Harrison and Briscoe & Randall. In the village, also, are three hotels, comfortable and well conducted. In the latter part of 1 894 the qualified electors voted to establish a Union Free School to replace and supersede the old district system. However, this reform was not accomplished without a severe contest, and possibly some unpleasant feelings. But it was done, and the action can never cause lasting regret, and within the next two years Church- ville will possess one of the finest and best appointed union school buildings in the county. During the period of its existence, Churchville has been the home of several church societies and organizations, and of these some mention may properly be made. The Methodist Episcopal church of Churchville was organized about the year 1835 and originally and for many years formed a part of the circuit with Chili, but later became annexed to Ber- gen in Genesee county. It is now a joint station with Sweden. The church edifice was erected about the year 1835. The society now has a good membership of sixty persons and with it is connected a large Sunday school. The present pastor is Rev. P. P. Sowers. The trus- tees are Charles Sanford, George Adams and A. A. Schofield. The present Universalist church and society of Churchville and the town of Riga was the outgrowth of early meetings of the early settlers who favored the doctrine of universalism. Among the pioneers of this town were many former New Englanders, and in that part of our coun- try this denomination has ever been strong and representative. The services in Riga can be traced back to about 181 3, and among the prom- inent universalist leaders may be recalled the Richmonds, George, Billings and Joshua, also Elisha P, Davis, Joseph Emerson, Samuel Shepard, Ichabod Sprague, Linus Crosby and Ashley Smith. The first organization of this society .was effected in 1839, '^^^ ^^ ^^^ next year the church house was built. The first pastor was Rev. James Cook. The society prospered for many years, but recently an unfortunate fire brought disaster and destruction to the edifice. The first church organization in the village was Presbyterian in doc- 50 394 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. trine, and was formed very soon after the founding of the settlement. For many years the society flourished, but at last interest began to de- cline, and result was ultimate dissolution. The old edifice, however, outlived its tenant societ)' and was the temporary house also of the Union Congregational church, the latter being here organized in the early part of 1852. A more suitable house of worship was erected and the Congregational society took a leading position among the eccles- iastical organizations of the village. The prominence it has ever main- tained, and its present members number one hundred and twenty-five persons. The pastor is Rev. Johnson Henderson. The trustees are H. P. Dusinbury, I. L. Randall and J. H. Bushnell. The Baptist church of Churchville was organized December 1 1, 185 i, by Rev. A. C. Drake, with an original membership of twenty persons. From this beginning the membership is now increased to sixty at the present time. The church edifice was erected in 1852. The present pastor of this church is Rev. A. A. Shaw. St. Vincent de Paul's Roman Catholic church was organized in 1869, although masses were said in the town at a much earlier date. The church edifice was built in 1870. The parish of this church includes all the Catholic families of Churchville and its vicinity, and numbers about 400 persons of all ages. Rev. Father D. J. Curran is the present priest in charge of this church. The trustees are L. Lemon and Patrick McDermott. In closing this chapter a brief allusion to the schools of Riga will be found of interest. The first school in town was located at the Center and was one of the earliest public institutions of the town. Its teacher was Thomas Gay. In 1814 and 181 5 this school was taught by -Billings Richmond, who had a hundred pupils. Another school located south of the Center, numbering twenty-five pupils, was taught by Lorin Clark, while the Churchville school was in charge of a third teacher and had thirty attendants. In 1820 Riga, inclusive of Chili, was divided into twenty-five districts, and the whole nymber of children of school age then living in the town was 977. In 1835, Chili in the meantime having been set ofT, Riga had sixteen districts and 704 children of school age. As at present constituted, the town has ten school districts all of TOE TOWN OF RUSH. 395 which, except No. 7, has a good school house. Of the nine buildings six are frame and three brick. During the school year ending July 31, 1884, twelve teachers were employed, and were paid $3,980. Tiiere was apportioned to the town in that year $1,598.09, and raised by town tax, $3,127.82. Repairs cost $18038; libraries, $72.87, and all other expenses of schools amounted to $455.81. The value of school property in Riga is $6,875. CHAPTER XVI. THE TOWN OF RUSH. In the original division of the Genesee country into towns or provi- sional districts, in 1789, the town of Hartford was created. This name remained unchanged until 1808, and was thereafter known as Avon. The latter was in turn divided on March 13, 18 18, and the present town of Rush formed. In 1821 it was taken from Ontario to form a part of the then created county of Monroe. In area the town contains 18,296 acres of land. Geographically, Rush lies near the centerof the south border of the county, the Genesee River forming its western boundary. Honeoye Creek flows west through the town and discharges into the river near the center of the west border. Along the river valley are extensive flat lands, fertile and productive to a remarkable degree, and in this locality are many fine farms. The land surface is rolling, with an inclination to the west, and the soil is a calcareons loam on the up- lands, and a rich alluvium on the flats. The first settlers in this new and then comparatively unknown region were James and John Ganson, who during the year 1788 visited the town and built a log house, and also made a clearing preparatory to cultivating the land. These young men came to this locaHty at the suggestion of their father, Capt. John Ganson, a soldier of the Revolu- tion, and whose knowledge of the country hereabouts was acquired during Sullivan's famous campaign against the Indians in 1779. Cap- tain Ganson was one of Sullivan's men and had taken an active part in 396 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY the campaign. Yet so far as his residence in this town was concerned, he made the unfortunate mistake of acquiring the title to his lands from the Indians or the notorious lessee company, and the ultimate result was that he was obliged to abandon his improvement Captain Ganson himself came to the town in 1789, and with his sons, constructed the first mills for grinding grain in the whole region. After leaving the town the family established themselves near Le Roy, where all were interested in keeping public houses, and there each became prominent in local affairs. The Phelps and Gorham proprietary sold nearly all the lands of this township to Jeremiah Wadsworth, and also to Joseph Morgan and his associates, and under the sales made by them the actual and permanent settlement of the town was made. The Ganson tract passed into the hands of Col. William Markham and by him \^-as occupied. He was a prominent man in the early history of Ontario county ; at one time was member of assembly. He came from New Hampshire and settled first in Bloomfield, and thence moved to Rush. One of the first distilleries in the region was located on his farm. He built a substantial mill in 1 8 10, and two others at a later date, and, it is said, at one time owned one-sixteenth of all the land in this town. He died in 1826. Capt. Ransom Smith was the cotemporary of Captain Markham, and came with him to the new region. The third settler was John Barnes, who located near Markham's, followed, about 1797, by Thomas Dailey. In 1 80 1 Christie Thomas came in from Maryland, and built the first saw mill in the town in 1805, and two years later a bridge across Hon- eoye Creek. The still later settlers, though soon after 1800, Jacob Stull and Philip Price, the former of whom built a block-house in the town in 1802. Price built another in 1803. The Ott family came to Rush in 1801 and .located on a 300-acre farm tract, and in the same year came John Bell. Abraham Wright, a mulatto, is said to have settled in the town as early as 1797, in the locality then known as the " Negro's settlement," but later as "Abraham's Plains." Soon afterward several negro families settled near this place, but after a time they nearly all disappeared. In 1804 there came into the town a considerable colony of pioneers, nearly all of them from Connecticut, and every one an honest and de- THE TOWN OF RUSH. 397 termined settler, seeking to better his condition in the then famous Genesee country. These colonists were devoted members of the Bap- tist church in the east and continued their consistent hfe and example in this town, and from this fact the party became known as the " Bap- tist colony." Among their number were sixteen families, the heads being remembered as Squire Goff, Charles Goff, Comfort Gofif, sr. and jr., Gurnsey and Enoch Goff, Ephraim Stoddard, Benajah Billings, Clark Davis, Stephen Wilcox, Thaddeus Harris, John Tupper, Daniel Remington, William Allen, and Eli Brainard. These families settled in the neighborhood of " the Square," in the western part of the town, and the descendants of many of them still live in the county. Through the influence and energy of these colonists many worthy improvements were accomplished at an early day. The so-called " Square " was in accord with New England custom, and was provided through the generosity of Proprietor Wadsworth, not perhaps through purely philanthropic motives, but rather to induce settlement and the consequent sale of his lands. In this vicinity these good pioneers estab- lished a school and also made provision for regular weekly religious meetings. Elder Goff was one of their earliest ministers and preached for them until 1816. Among the other early settlers of Rush may be recalled the names of John Mack, Joseph McFarlan, Jonathan and Wells Clark, Thomas Cummings, John Hartwell, Asa Farrer, John Bliss, Job Case, Jonathan, Ichabod, and Rufus Burdick, Nathaniel Rowley, Oliver Case, Jeremiah Ruland, Abram and Gabriel Furman, Elnathan Perry, John Underhill, Samuel Helmes (an early tavern-keeper), George Fenner, Ethan Davis, Jacob Shaffer, or Shaver, Nathan Jeffords, Cyrenus and Elisha Brown (the famous hut builders of early days), and others, all of whom are worthy of mention in these pages. Continuing on the same line of narration, we may also mention the Martin families who came in from Maryland in 1809, and who were Jacob, Abraham, John, Henry and Daniel. Later comers were Daniel Hart, George Lyday, Peter and Philip Price, Joseph Sibley, Elisha Sib- ley, Dr. Alexander Kelsey, John Diver. The first physician was Dr. Farr, followed Drs. Fin. Kelsey, Kingsbury and Socrates Smith, about in the order named. 398 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTT. Referring brief!}' to some of the first events of Rush history, there may be noted the fact that the Ganson boys built the first mill ; Philip Price the first distillery, and Nathan Jeffords had the first oot-ashery. Martin Goodrich and one Jennin<^s had the first tannery. The first child born was that of Joseph Morgan, in 1789 The first deaths were those of Mr. and Mrs. Markham, in 1791. John Webster kept the first inn, Benjamin Campbell the first store, and John Webster the first regu- lar grist mill. A number of these early residents of Rush took an active part in the war of 1812-15, and among those remembered in that connection were Col. Philetus Swift, Joseph Sibley, Major John Markham, Benjamin Jeffords and Joseph Jeffords. John Case, John Sherwood, Calvin Diver and Shemerhorn went out during the first year, while those who marched to the frontier and remained but a short time were Dr. Alex- ander Kelsey, Jacob Stull, George, Jacob, and Peter Price, Alfred Jaynes, Nathan Jeffords, Micah Fishall, Peter Ackley and Warren Cas- well. P'rom what has been noted on preceding pages the reader must dis- cover that settlement once begun in this region increased with rapidity until all the most available lands were well occupied. So rapid indeed was the increase in population that in 1820, just two years after the town was set off and separately organized, the number of inhabitants in the district was 1,701, more in fact than are in the town at the present day. The maximum population was reached in 1830, the census of that year showing the number of inhabitants to be 2,098 In 1840 it had decreased to 1,929, and in 1850 had increased to 2,015. In i860 the number was 1,613, in 1870 was 1,654, in 1880 was 1,741, and in 1890 was 1,695. However, soon after 1815 the people of the north part of old Avon began to discuss the subject of a separate jurisdiction, for they were sufficient in number and so situated in the town as de- mand such an organization in the interest of public convenience. Con- sequently, an act was passed, Avon was divided, and on the 13th of March, 181 8. the new town of Rush was created and soon thereafter fully organized. The first town meeting was held at the dwelling of Benajah Billings, and William Markham was elected supervisor; Peter Price, town clerk; THE TOWN OF RUSH. 399 Nathan Jeffords, Jacob Stull, and John Markham, assessors ; Nathan Rose, Dudley Brainerd and Clark Davis, commissioner of highways ; George Lyday and Peter Price, overseers of the poor ; Adolphus Allen, collector. In 1 82 1 Rush was separated from the mother county and taken for the formation of Monroe, and since that year the supervisors of the town have been as follows: Peter Price, 182 1-3 1 ; Mimon M. Coe, 1832-34; Alfred Jones, 1835; John P. Stull, 1836-38; Nathan Jeffords, 1839; Joseph Sibley, 1840; Peter Price, 1841-47; Nathan Jeffords, 1848-49; Henry B. Hart, 1850; Nathan Jeffords, 1851; John B. Crosby, 1852 ; Wells Clark, 1853; Joseph Sibley, 1854; J. B. Crosby, 1855; Owen D. Crosby, 1856-58; Thomas J. Jeffords, 1859-67; Hosea Martin, 1868; Thomas J. Jeffords, 1869-70: Hosea Martin, 1871; Thomas J. Jeffords. 1872-73; George H. Houck, 1874-76; Charles M. Green, 1877-78; Joseph H. Sherman, 1879-82; David Martin, 1883-86; Byron A. Diver, 1887-89; Joseph H. Sherman, 1890-91; George Houck, 1892; David Martin, 1893-95. The officers of the the town of Rush for the year 1895 ^'^^ ^s follows: David Martin, supervisor; John H. Behnk, town clerk; James M. Heath, Andrew Liday, Samuel H. Kinny, George Frederick and The- odore Green, justices of the peace; Edward Morrison, James Sherman, and John Hetzler, assessors ; Albert M. Goff, overseer of the poor ; Edward Darrohn, collector; Charles Hart, George Martin and Charles * M.Green, excise commissioners; Joseph Keyes, road commissioner; Everett Darrohn, Fred Banks, Charles Gottschalk, Martin Darn and Samuel Clark, constables. As a manufacturing town Rush has never attained a position of any importance among the civil divisions of the county. In fact the loca- tion and natural features of the town are such as to preclude the possi- bility of any importance in this respect. However, glancing back over the past records of the town, we learn in 1820 there were in operation two saw mills, two grist mills, two distilleries and one ashery. Fifteen years later there were two grist mills, seven saw mills, one fulling mill, one carding machine, one distillery and one ashery. At the present time each of these industries has lost its usefulness and with the excep- tion of a single flour and grist mill, is no longer known to the town. 400 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. As an agricultural town in general, Rush stands well in the county, and a fair proportion of her 18,296 acres is under cultivation Originally the inhabitants devoted themselves to general agriculture and the grow- ing of wheat, but as the later product become unprofitable by reason of western competioii, the local farmer has been compelled to substitute some other crops in its stead. A little practical experience has taught the Rush husbandman that the production of potatoes yields nearly the same profit as did wheat raising, and the result has been to place Rush in the front rank of potato producing towns in this entire region. During the period of its history, within the town of Rush three small villages have been built up, but neither has attained the dignity of a corporate character. East Rush is situated in the east part of the town and has a present population of about 300. Within the last few years this village has been given the benefit of a line of railroads, but even this has not stimulated local growth to any considerable extent. The business interests at this place comprise the steam and water powerflour and grist mill of Homer L. S. Hall, the general stores of Samuel H. Kinsey, M. S. Sherman, Mead & Provost, and the several small shops generally found in similar hamlets. Here are also two good hotels, known as the Price House and the Longfellow House. West Rush is a hamlet of about 200 population situated in the west- ern portion of the town on the line of the old Canandaigua & Batavia railroad, and about one mile east of Rush station on the Erie Railroad. As a shipping point for potatoes and other products of the region this village has some j)rominence. The business and mercantile interest are the flour and grist mill of Richard Cook, the general stores of Clarence Carr and A. B. Chapman, the cooper shop of James Kelly, and two ho- tels known as the Sweeney and the Keys House. North Rush, or as more familiarly and commonly known. Hart's Corners, is a small hamlet in the northwest part of the town, about one mile east of Scottsville station. As a trading center it is least in im- portance among the hamlets of the town, the business interests being the general store of Earnest Parmalee and cider mill of John Hetzler. The church and religious history of the town of Rush forms an in- teresting element of local annals, and as such may be briefly treated in THE TOWN OF RUSH. 401 this chapter. The first religious society in the town was formed by the Baptist colony, who began their meetings soon after 1804, although a number of years passed before an organization was perfected. In Jan- uary, 1830, the Associated Baptist Society of Rush was formed, and ten years later a church home was built. However, this society has prac- tically passed out of existence and its old house of worship has been put to secular uses. The First Methodist Episcopal church of Rush was formed in 1831, and was regularly incorporated February 19, 1844, under the name of the First Methodist Episcopal church of East Rush. The church edi- fice, built in 1845, was burned '" 1850. The new church was com- pleted in 1852. This chuch is now a joint charge with Henrietta, under the pastoral care of Rev. J. T. Humphreys ; the membership of these churches is about 150 persons. The Evangelical Lutheran Reformed church of Rush was organized, and its church edifice was built about 1830. A second structure was erected in 1863. The pastor of this church was Rev. John Keeler. The Christian church of Rush, or more properly, the church of the Diciples of Christ, was organized in 1829, although meetings of this denomination were held as early as 181 5 by Elder Badger. The society was organized by Elder Silsby, and about 1832 a frame church was erected. A new church was erected about 1870. The present pastor is Rev. Mr Crow. In 1804 or 1805 the Baptist colony caused to be built in the neigh- borhood of the " Square " a little log school house, and here Mr. West- fall taught the first school. In 1806 the second school house, a frame building, was built on the Square and here the first school was taught by Dudley Miller. There was no separate division of Rush into school districts until after the organization of the town in 18 1 8. In 1820 here were 236 children of school age, which number increased during the next fifteen years to 763. In 1835 there were twelve districts, and but ten in i860. As now constituted the town is divided into ten districts, one of which (No. 8) has no school house. During the school year ending July 31, 1894, this town received for school purposes $3,437,29, of which amount $1,974.16 was raised by town tax. The number of children of school 51 -102 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. a^e was 463, for whose instruction ten teachers were employed and paid $2,801.40. The total value of school property in the town is $7,725.00. CHAPTER XVII. THE TOWN OF SWEDEN AND VILLAGE OF BROCKPORT." The termination of hostilities between Great Britain and the Colonies in 1783 found the people of the thirteen States possessed of but little more than freedom from English oppression. Eight years of stubborn unyielding on the part of George III and his parliament was a most serious matter to the struggling State. The conflict for independence had cost an enormous sum. The want of unity between the sovereign States rendered legislation for the benefit of the people slow and of doubtful result. Private enterprise was utterly crippled, agriculture had been almost wholly abandoned, trade with foreign nations had long since ceased to be a source of revenue and the entire resources of the whole nation were so depleted that the greatest privation was endured by all classes. The suffering brought about by the Revolution was an important factor in causing the increased emigration to the central and western portions of the State of New York. In 1788 Messrs. Phelps and Gorham began negotiations with the commonwealth of Massachusetts, who claimed jurisdiction by virtue of an old charter, for the purchase of an immense tract of land in the western part of New York. The territory which they proposed to acquire was still in the possession of the Seneca nation, but the Legislature of Massachusetts sold to Phelps and Gorham the right to extinguish the Indian title. A council was held at Buffalo Creek and the Indians agreed, to dispose of a part of their territory, but refused to sell any land west of the Genesee River. Phelps, however, who was present, represented to the Indians that a " mill seat" lot was of great importance and ultimately prevailed upon ' By Morley 11. Turpin, of Rochester. TtlE TOWN OF SWEDEN 4o3 them to give to him the title to a tract of valuable land west of the Genesee River. This was known as the " Mill Seat " lot and extended northward from the village of Canavvagus to Lake Ontario and was to be twelve miles in width throughout. In the survey of the "mill seat" lot an error was made by Hugh Maxwell in 1789. He ran the west line due north instead of parallel with the general course of the Genesee River. This error was afterwards corrected by Augustus Porter, who ran the west line 22° east of north. The area included between Maxwell's erroneous line and the correct line as surveyed by Porter contained 87,000 acres and was and is known as the "Triangle" tract. This triangle, which embraces the towns of Sweden, Clarkson and Hamlin in Monroe county, came into the posses- sion of Robert Morris in 1801, who conveyed it to Le Roy, Bayard and McEvers, gentlemen engaged in mercantile pursuits in the city of New York. The transactions of Phelps and Gorham, Robert Morris and the pro- prietors of the "Triangle" were now well known throughout the State. The improvements made by them had placed the advantages of the western part of the State in strong contrast with the over- burdened and at that time non productive east. The alluring offers made by the agents of Phelps and Gorham and others were taken advantage of by a large number of persons who were desirous of bettering their condition and the tide of emigration turned so strongly westward that in two years from the date of their purchase Phelps and Gorham had disposed of a considerable number of townships. The county of Ontario was taken from Montgomery in 1789 and at that time comprised all the territory westward to Lake Erie and the Niagara frontier. As early as 1797 ^iH the region west of the Genesee River in the State of New York was known as the town of Northamp- ton. The " Triangle " tract above mentioned lies between the " Mill Seat " lot on the east and the east line of the Connecticut tract and Morris reserve on the west. The base rests on Lake Ontario and the apex of the triangle is at a point in the line between the towns of Pavilion and Le Roy in Genesee county. It was surveyed into five townships num- bering from south to north. Each township was divided into sections 4(H LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. of one and one lialf miles square and these sections subdivided into farm lots of I20 acres each. The surveys were made by Richard M. Stoddard in 1801 and the property immediately put upon the market. Mr. Stoddard acting as agent for the owners. In the early days the land in the "Triangle" was considered to be of the poorest quality. A long unbroken forest stretched to the west- ward, marshes abounded and the general uninviting aspect of the coun- try made the sales slow, although land was offered at two dollars and two dollars and fifty cents an acre. In 1805 but three lots were sold in Sweden, in 1806 nine, in 1807 but twenty-six. and it is uncertain as to whether all who made purchases became actual settlers or not; probably they did not. In 1802 a road was opened to the lake. It was the gift of the owners and was not included in the lots bordering on it, but the then principal thoroughfare was the Buffalo Road and the country north of it was but little thought of. So lit'le progress was made in the matter of highways that as late as 181 1 the Ridge Road, so well adapted by nature to the purposes of travel, was but little more than a pathway cut through the woods, wide enough only for a single wagon to pass and crossed and recrossed by innumerable small streams often swollen and proving serious obstacles to the passage of the few pioneers who journeyed into the wilds of Western New York. So unfamiliar were the settlers with the country that in 18 12 a large army whose destination was Lewiston actually turned southward from the ridge at Clarkson and continued their march to the front by the way of Bergen and Batavia. There were no mail routes north of the Buffalo road until after 18 12, and no means of communicating with the outside world save by long and tedious journeys through the thick forests in wagons drawn by oxen or on horseback. Supplies for household use and utensils for farm work were obtained under great difficulties and from points far removed, and the marketing of the little the settler was able to produce was at- tended with an enormous outlay of time and energy. The advantages of living at the present time are not calculated to instill into our minds a realizing sense of the obstacles met and over- come by the pioneers who were the makers of the Empire State. THE TOWN OP SWEDEN. 406 The settler in the western State of to-day has infinitely less to con- tend with than did the early settler in our own State. In the case of the one all that modern thought can devise lessens his labor and brings to his fireside the comforts of a prosperous nation. On the other hand the pioneer in western New York was compelled to undergo the sever- est trials, possessing only the barest necessities procured through the greatest difficulties and oftentimes in the face of personal danger, where are novv thriving farms, prosperous towns and villages bound together in the closest relations by telegraph and telephone, where railroads and canal make marketing an easy matter; where postal service and news- papers bring intelligence of interest and value and where all that science can suggest is made the instrument of good, was seventy five or eighty years ago a barren wilderness of wood and marsh, with no churches, no educational institutions, and but little to lighten the dreary life of the pioneer. In the early part of 1813 the first steps toward a better civilization were taken, and the town of Sweden was erected from Murray, which had been originally designated Bayard, and the town of Northampton was divided. On the 5th day of April in 18 14, the first meeting of the town of Sweden was held at the house of Reuben Stickney, one of the earliest settlers on township No. 3. The officers elected at that time were the first to be elected in the town of Sweden, the act of the Legis- lature necessary at that time for the erection of a town having been passed on the 2d day of April of the previous year. The following were the officers chosen : Supervisor, John Reed ; town clerk, Elisha Stewart ; assessors, Joshua B. Adams, Henry Hill, John Marshal; road commissioners, Alanson Dudley, Zenas Case, Colvin Gibbs; poormasters, Benajah Warden, Record W. Vining; school com- missioners, John Reed, William James, Colvin Gibbs; school inspect- ors, David Gliddon, William Sheldon, Lyman Humphreys, Elisha Stewart, Amos Frink, Peleg Sanders; collector and constable, William James; constable, William Luther; pound master, Reuben Stickney; and twenty seven overseers of highways. From 1 8 14 to 1820 inclusive John Reed was the supervisor for the town of Sweden in Genesee county, Sweden being in that county up to February 23, 1821, when Genesee county was divided and Monroe county erected. 406 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COtJNTr. The succession of supervisors from Sweden to the Monroe County Board embraces the following named persons: Silas Judson, 1821 to 1823; James Seymour, 1824 to 1825; Joseph Randall, 182610 1829; Robert Staples. i830to 1835; Samuel H. Davis, 1836 to 1838; Joseph Randall, 1839 to 1840; Nathaniel Palmer, i84r to 1842; Robert Sta- ples, 1843 to 1847; Humphrey Palmer, 1848; Robert Staples. 1849; Asa Rowe, 1850; Samuel H. Davis, 1851 to 1853; Frederick P. Root, 185410 1858; Chauncey S. White, 1859 to 1H60; Henry Root, 1861 ; Thomas Cornes, 1862; Samuel H. Davis, 1863 to 1864; Thomas Cornes, 1865 to 1866; Walter C. Fairbanks, 1867; Luther Gordon, 1868 to 1869; F. F. Capen. 1870 to 1871 ; E. A. Young, 1872 to 1873 ; Ira Crawford, 187410 1875 ; Lucius T. Underbill, 1876 and 1878 ; William J. P!dmunds. 187910 1881 ; George W. Sime, 1882 to 1884; Henry L. White, 1885 to 1087; Frank E. Williams, 1888 to 1889; Clifford M. White, 1890 ; George L. Smith, 1891 ; Alfred M. White, 1892 ; George L. Smith, 1893 and Benjamin F. Gleason, 1894. The present limits of the town of Sweden comprise the third town- ship of the Triangle tract. Its extension from north to south is about six miles, its width from east to west five and three-quarter miles, with an area of 22,942 acres, or about thirty-four and one-half square miles. The earliest settlements made in Sweden of which any record is to be had, were in 1804. '05, at least contracts for land were made in those years and it is presumed that active settlement followed within a rea- sonable time. The increase in the population of township No. 3 was slow, but the growth was healthful and here and there along the lake road, clearings were made in the forest large enough only, at first, for the primitive dwellings of the pioneer. But little mone\' was brought into the country by the early comers and whatever was done in the way of improvements was made under difficulty and discouragement. By slow stages the little openings in the woods were enlarged and suffi- cient land cultivated to supply what was actually needed. Other set- tlers cames and logging bees and raising bees were common oc- currences. In 1807 Nathaniel Poole and Walter Palmer settled on the Lake road and later in the same year Samuel Bishop, Isaac White, Stephen Johnson, and Joseph Hopkins purchased land and settled on the THE TOWN OF SWEDEN. 407 highway to the lake. In the following year John -i^eed purchased 900 acres of land in the southern part of the tow^u and soon became identified with the best interests of the district. Timothy Taylor located south of the center of the towu'; tCdward Parks south of what is now Brockport, and Decc'on Rice at Wilkie's Corners ; also James and Amos Stickney. -and Reuben Stickney, jr., Israel Stickney and Ltwis Gardner all of whom settled on the Lake road ; Reuben Moore, Zenas Case and Elder Zenas Case, jr., settled in the east part of the town, and somewhat later settlements were made on what is now known as the Fourth Section road by Elijah Steward, Walter Steward, Uriah L. James, William James, Simeon Palmer and Joshua B. Adams. Ben- jamin S. Sheldon settled in the same neighborhood "about 18 10 and in the same year William Warden, Aaron Hill and Moses J. Hill on the town line road leading from Wilkie's Corners to Holley. In the same year and the year following settlements were made in the east and south part of the town by Joseph Hutchinson, Joseph Luce, and Oramel But- ler; also Roland Saunders and Edward H. Raleigh on the Lake road south of the center of the town ; Levi Page and Ezra Brown settled at west Sweden and Abijah Cooper one mile west on the Lake road in 181 1 or 1 81 2. A few other pioneers whose names are nowhere mentioned had set- tled in this vicinity up to 1812, but only a small portion of the town was occupied. A census report made in November, 18 13, shows that in the towns of Sweden and Clarendon, comprised one hundred and forty families, composed of eight hundred and nineteen persons. They were divided as follows : twenty-two males and the same number of females who were forty-five years of age and over; one hundred and fifty-four males and one hundred and thirty four females who were between the ages of eighteen and forty five; and two hundred and sixty-five males and two hundred and twenty-one females who were under eighteen. The number of electors with freehold who rented tenements of the yearly value of forty shillings, was one hundred and forty-two ; of the value of twenty to one hundred pounds, none ; and of the value of one hundred pounds and over, five. The constant state of excitement and alarm incident to the war of 18 1 2 proved disastrous to the further increase in the population of 408 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Sweden. Emigra'tion was not wholly discontinued, but was somewhat restricted, and not a Vew of those who had already located here were frightened into leaving. During the progress of the war the nrices of farm produce were ex- tremely high, wheat ranging from three to Tour dollars a bushel, and two dollars was the average price demanded for a ^jushel of oats. The prices of other produce and supplies were proportionately high. After the conclusion of the war, and the uncertainties incident thereto were removed, the settlement of Sweden was again begun with renewed vigor and the population so rapidly increased that in 1816 almost the entire Ridge road west of the Genesee river was settled. The year 18 16 was a disastrous one, being cold and unproductive, and barely enough was raised to prevent the settlers from suffering actual want. This order of things was not of long duration, and for the next few years the naturally productive soil yielded so bountifully that the price of the best quality of wheat dropped to thirty-seven and one-half cents per bushel. Discouraging as this must have been to the producers, who were almost without exception in debt for land, and dependent upon what they raised to pay the interest on their invest- ments, the problem was met and overcome. During tiie first decade much was done in the way of improvement and those who were able to meet the obligations imposed upon them by the contracts entered into with Messrs. Le Roy, Bayard and Mc- Evers found themselves in 1825 amply repaid for their trials by the in- creased value of their property. In this year the Erie Canal became a reality and by reason of the increased facilities for transportation and communication a greater impetus was given to the life and vigor of the district. The education of the young and movements tending toward the re- finement of those of more mature years were not overlooked during these busy days, and although the means at hand were somewhat prim- itive in their nature, yet they were far reaching and eminently beneficial in the results accomplished. Much that was done in the way of educating the youngtr members of the community was performed in the home and by members of the home circle, yet there were schools where the elements of an educa- THE TOWN OF SWEDEN. 409 tion were to be haH. In a sparsely settled country the schools were necessarily few and far between, but the sturdy mind of the early settler fully understood the advantages of preparing their children to meet and intelligently overcome the obstacles of life. Meetings of a religious nature aiming toward the betterment of society were frequent and the foundation laid in those early days by church and school is to-day noticeable in the solidity of the present in- stitutions of Sweden. The names of those who were instrumental in shaping the destinies of the town, in directing and maintaining all that was for the " greatest good of the greatest number," in guarding the interests of both church state, are here given in recognition of their services as makers of history. Prominent in all movements for progress were : Joseph Staples, Robert Staples, Peter Stutphin, Oliver Spencer, Edmond Spencer, Chauncey Staples, John White, James Stickney, Amos Stickney, Samual H.Davis, Abel Root, Joseph Randall, Chester Roberts, Elvis Lee, Samuel Mor- gan, David Morgan, Dr. David Avery, Dr. E. B. Elliott, Levi Pond, Humphrey Palmer, Thaddeus Stone, Oramel Butler, Daniel Butler, Nathaniel Bangs, Dudley Root, William Root, Julius Comstock, Eli Gallup, Aaron Root, Samuel V. Way, Timothy Taylor, Joseph Hutchin- son, Sisson Taylor, Reuben Allen, John House, Job Whipple, John Clark, Mr. Bronson, Thomas Cooley, Lieutenant Crippen, Deacon Niles, Zadoc Hurd, Elisha Locke and sons, Samuel C. Bentley, C. J^ Whitcher, Uriah L. James, William King, Alanson Thomas, Elder Brackett, Royal Barlow, Elder Bigalow, James Jackson, Walter Phelps, Artemus Lyman, James Hart, Peleg Thomas, Seth L. King, E. H. Raleigh, Asa Babcock, William Ward, James White, Silas Parker, Abijah Capen, Ezra Brown, -Rowland Sanders, Simeon Palmer, Benja- min J. Sheldon, Aaron Hill, Moses Hill, Daniel Freeman, Joseph Pres- ton, Benjamin Pemington, Elish Brace, Lyons Udell, Samuel Chadsey, William Seldon, Erastus Lawrence, Samuel Bishop, Silas Judson, John Reed, John Beadle, Elisha Steward, Chauncey Robinson, Elisha Hunt- ley, Eldrige Farwell, Jacob Cooley, Harmon Cooley, and many others whose names cannot be mentioned but to whose memory we pay tribute. The topography of Sweden is generally level, though gently undu- 52 410 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. lating in some parts. The soil is a sandy loam with a mixture of gravel or clay in some localities and is as fertile and productive as any in the State. Streams flow in every direction from the center of the town, which is slightly elevated, thus supplying abundant water and ad- mirable drainage The Salmon rises west and southwest of the center and flows easterly into Ogden. The west branch of the same stream rises south of Brockport, flowing northeast. A stream of consider- able size has its origin in the west part of the town and flows southerly into Riga. Numerous other small streams supply water in plenty. The Erie Canal crosses the town from east to west and the Niagara Falls branch of the New York Central extends entirely across the northern portion. Competition between canal and railroad has been of benefit to the farmer in keeping transportation rates at a minimum. In early days the low health rate was an inducement for physicians to settle in Sweden and at an early date Dr. John B. Eliott located in the town on Beach Ridge, but shortly after removed to Brockport and opened a drug store. In 1830 or 1831 Dr. Ralph A. Gillet commenced the practice of medicine at Sweden Center and also conducted a grocery and dry goods business. Daniel J. Avery and D. N. Glazier opened stores at the Center a few years later, but as the village of Brockport absorbed the trade, the enterprise was abandoned in 1850. Dr. S. M. Olden succeeded Dr. Gillet as town physician in 1839 or 1840, but re- moved to Brockport about 1850. Dr. Muntley also located at the Center, but he, too, removed to Brockport in 1855. Nathaniel Poole built the first log house on the north side of Beach Ridge and James Beadle erected the first frame house and kept the first tavern It was located about one-half mile south of Sweden Center. Jeliial Davis built the first grist mill in 1813 or 1814; it was in the east part of the town, on. Salmon Creek. Roswell Burroughs erected the first saw mill on the same stream in 18 15. The first distillery be- gan operations in 1816 and in 1827 there were three distilleries in the town. The population of the town was in 1820, 2,761 ; in 1830, 2,937; 'n 1840, 3,133 ; in 1850, 3,623 ; in i860, 4,025 ; in 1870, 4,558 ; in 1880, 5,734, and in 1S90, 5,201. The details of life in Sweden were much the same during the sue- THE TOWN OF SWEDEN. 411 ceeding years, and to further follow its history would be unnecessary In the course of events the number of schools were increased, churches were founded and society fully organized. The town was active during the dark days of 1861-65 and sent to the front a large number of men who bravely fought for the cause they so well represented. Sweden is to-day one of the most prosperous towns in Monroe county and it is difficult to realize that within the memory of men yet living the flourishing farms, quiet homes of an intelligent and God fearing people was the abode of a savage nation. The town officers for 1895 are: Justices, John N. Drake, Delbert A. Adams, Theodere S. Dean and James Mershon. Assessors, George Gallup. Franklin Sparlin and Edwin C. Hendrick. Collector, Charles Mershon. Constables, William H. Pollock, William B. Hendrick, Con- rad Guenther, William H. Patten and Edgar Coates. Town clerk, George Benson. The total value of real estate is $2,657,468.00. The First Presbyterian church of Sweden was organized at Sweden Centre on the 5th of September, 1817, by a council convened for that purpose and consisting of the following persons : Rev. Comfort Will- iams of Rochester; Rev. Alanson Darwin of Riga; Rev. Henry Smith, from the Female Missionary Society of Utica ; Rev. Flam Clark, from the Youth's Missionary Society of Oneida ; Deacon Ward, of Bergen ; Deacon Davis, of Parma ; Justus Brown and Asahel Finch also of Par- ma. The first members were Theda Clark, Abigail Smith, Lydia Lee^ Sally Hollister, Lucre tia Bennett, Abigail Beedle, Daniel Avery, Elisha Smith, Samuel Blair, Joseph Langdon, Rebecca Cone, Anna Brown, Artemus Lyman, Sarah Stickney, Rosanna Avery, and Silas Judson. Daniel Avery was chosen the first clerk. Josiah Pierson was the first minister. On the 4th of Januarj^ 18 19, the society numbered thirty- three members, and Silas Judson was a delegate to the Ontario presbytery. The church was originally Congregational but on the 23d of June, 1833, it was received in the presbytery of Rochester and became a regular Presbyterian church. The first church building was erected in 1821, It was a wooden structure and was dedicated by Rev. Abraham Fore- man. The present church building is of brick and was erected and con- secrated in 1836. The Sabbath school was organized in 18 18 or 18 19 412 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ill the school liouse and Dr. Daniel Avery and Calvin Gibbs were super- intendents. The library connected with the school was purchased in 1826 Emerson G. Wickes is the present pastor. The Second Baptist church of Sweden was organized on the 6th of May, 1819, with the following membership: Rebecca Mills, Daniel Freeman, Nabby Freeman, Joseph Lee, Rhoda Douglass, Davis Doug- lass, Patty Lee, Samuel G. Lewis, Hannah Allen, Judah Church, Sarah Lewis, Amos B. Niles, I'Lunice Coolej', Henry Niles, Nancy Howard, Orrin Case, Olive Lee, Jildin Tennant, Nancy Cooley, Ruben J. Allen, Almy Howard, John Smith, Amy Allen, Barnard M. Howard, Susanna Bently, Samuel Bently, Betsey Phillips, S}'bel Case, and Anna Smith. The clerk was David Douglass. The present church building was erected in 1835 and 1836 at a cost of $2,849. It was dedicated by Elder Coleman and Elders Putnam and Case on the 14th of September, 1836. Elder Vining was the first pastor. He entered upon his duties June 26, 1 8 19 at an annual compensation of seventy dollars. The Methodist lipisopal church of Sweden Centre was organized in 1855 in the school house with a membership of forty. Class meetings had been held for many years previous to the organization of the so- ciety but the present church edifice was not erected until 1856. The cost price was five thousand dollars, furnished by the Ladies Aid Society who also supplied an organ costing ninety- five dollars. The church was dedicated March 8, 1856, the first pastor being the Rev. Joseph Latham who served two years. The Sabbath school was organized in March, 1856, and held meetings in the new church building. The school began with forty-five pupils and fifteen teachers. The Methodist Episcopal church of West Sweden was organized in that part of the town about 1835, mainly as the result of the efforts of Rev. S. M. Chase of Brockport. The trustees were J. Cook, William Warn and Nathaniel Fox. The church building, thirty by forty feet in size, costing twelve hundred dollars, was erected in 1836. The first pastor was the Rev. Philo E. Brown. It is impossible to obtain a com- plete list of those who ofiiciated as pastors of this church, but among those who were located here were : Wallace Lock, Rev. Mr. Fellows, Reuben Frost, Rev. Mr. Fillmore and the Revs. Judd. Anderson, Kings- ley, Abell and Baker. The Sabbath school organized at the time the THE TOWX OF SWEDEN 413 church was completed was in the charge of Truman Richmond. There was a good hbrary in connection containing about one hundred volumes. . The society was dissolved in 1855 owing to a modification of the relig- ious belief of Methodist societies generally. The Free Methodist church of West Sweden was organized by those who seceded from the orig- inal society. lu i860 the church property of the old society was trans- ferred to it and meetings were held in it in connection with the church of Brockport, the same minister preaching in West Sweden in the morn- ing and in Brockport on the afternoon of the same day. The first min- ister was the Rev. John Wells. The Baptist church of Sweden and Bergen was organized January 7, 1835, in the school house at West Sweden by delegates from the Baptist churches in Brockport, Byron, HoUey, Sweden, Ogden, Le Roy, and Parma. Rev. D. Eldridge was moderator, Rev. Zenas Case, clerk. The first sermon was preached by the Rev. Mr. Crane of Le Roy. Tne The first members were William D. Potter, Seneca Anderson, Edmund Spencer, Guy Chapell, John Jennings. James N. HoUister, Lyman Davis, Gerge Davis, Curtis Cook, Shubael H. Reed, Alfred Robinson, Horace Lord, Timothy Baker, Horatio Reed, Susannah Potter, Lucy Anderson, Wealthy Spencer, Cornelia Spencer, Clarissa Chapell, Mary Jennings, Elizabeth Jennings, Eleanor. Miller, Julia Davis, Mary Davis, Abigail Churchill, Sally Adair, Betsey Cook, Sarah H. Reed, Almira Robinson, Melissa Lord, Sally M. Langdon and Jane G. Reed. The, first trustees were John Jennings, Edmund Spencer and Mr. Troup. The first and only deacons were Seneca Anderson and James H. Walker. Horatio Reed was the first clerk, serving in that capacity for four years, James H. Hollister fifteen years, Horatio Reed was the last clerk. The present church building was erected in 1835 at a cost of about $2,400. It was located at West Sweden and is still standing. John B. Potter, the first pastor, served two years. THE VILLAGE OF BROCKPORT. The village of Brockport, in the town of Sweden and about eighteen miles west of Rochester, on the Niagara Falls branch of the New York Central Railroad is the largest village in Monroe county. It was in 414 LANDMARKf^ OF MONROE COUNTY, early da\'s tlie most important village west of the Genesee River and is to clay a prosperous, thriving place, with a population of about 4,500. At the time the Erie Canal was in the j)rospective only it was foreseen that wherever the canal should intersect the lake road there would be an important business centre. As soon as the exact location of the canal became a certainty enterprising men purchased the land in the vicinity and laid the foundation for future prosperity. Brockport is indebted for its name to Micl Brockway, a native of Lyme, Conn., who came to Sweden shortly after the war of 1812 and purchased that portion of the village lying west of the lake road. The purchase was made from John Phelps and the price paid was at the rate of twelve to fifteen dollars per acre. The east part of the village, from the town line to Market street, was bought by James Seymour of Rufus Hammond at a uniform price of seven dollars per acre. The southeast corner, from Market street to Parkes farm was bought of Benjamin Knight by James Seymour, Abel Baldwin and Myron Holley. The land bordering the road was sur- veyed into village lots in 1822 and building operations begun by Hiel Brockway, James Seymour, Joshua Fields, Luke Webster, John G. Davis, and Charles Richardson. Hiel Brockway was a man of great energy and was the largest owner of village land. He made liberal ofifers to those who would establish homes, and gave largel}' for the purposes of educational and religious interests Mr. Brockway was also extensively interested in packet boats, and in his capacity and industry in this direction infused new lite into the enterprise. Brockport was of steady and uninterrupted growth and after the completion of the canal was the centre of packet boat operations in the west. The village was incorporated and a charter adopted in 1829 by virtue of an act of the Legislature passed on the 6th of April of the same year, but who served as its officers is not now known, as the records of the first election were lost. In 1852 the charter was revised and under it a board of five trustees constituted the village government. In 1872, on the 25th of June, the present charter was adopted and the first elec- tion under it held July 26, 1872, the following oflficers were chosen: President, Luther Gordon ; G. H. Allen, Edgar Brown and Samuel Johnson were trustees; J. H. Kingsbury, treasurer; John Short, col- THE TOWN OF SWEDEN. 415 lector; W. G. Raines, clerk; B H. Halsey, street commissioner; and David Bennett, police constable. In 1823 it was designed to make Rochester the western terminus of the Erie Canal, until the rock cutting at Lockport was completed, but through the efforts of James Seymour it was extended twenty miles to the westward and Brockport made the terminus. This gave the village two years of commercial prosperity. In 1825, when the canal was opened through to Buffalo, Brockport was an important manufacturing and business center. The manufacture of agricultural implements was one of the early enterprises, and a few words regarding the growth of so important an industry is of interest. At an early a date as 1828 an iron foundry was established in Brock- port on State street by Harry Backus and Joseph Ganson. In 1830 they removed their plant to grounds north of the canal on Main street, and the firm name changed to Backus, Webster & Co. Balch, Webster & Co. soon succeeded and later the firm became known as Backus, Burroughs & Co., but a change was again made to Backus, Fitch & Co., who were the pioneers in the manufacture of improved threshing machines. At this time the stationary machine run by horse power was the only kind in use. In 1844 Cyrus McCormick was induced to make a trial at Brockport of his recently and rudely constructed reaper This trial was appar- ently successful and Backus, Fitch & Co. received from McCormick an order for the manufacture of one hundred reapers. The machines did not, however, meet the requiremeets of the purchasers and were nearly all returned. Experience suggested a remedy for the failure of the first attempt and in after years the firm manufactured a machine that was a complete success. This was the beginning of a new era for the farmer, not only in this immediate vicinity but throughout the whole civilized world. The early reaper was not the perfect machine it was destined to become and as the enterprise grew in years it also increased in the effectiveness of its productions. In 1846 Mr. Backus, who had been at the head of the business since its beginning, retired and the business firm was changed to Fitch, Barry & Co., who were succeeded by Stillman, Bowman & Co., a few years later. The firm was again changed to Ganson, Huntley & Co., who were in- terested largely in the making of reapers of the Palmer & Williams pat- 416 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. tern. This was the first reaper of the self-raking type used in this sec- tion and was a combination of the quadrant platform invented by W. H. Seymour, and the sweep rake patented by Aaron Palmer was the first successful automatic reaper known. Since this time much has been done to increase the efficiency of har- vesting machines and the perfection of the modern self-binding machine stands as a monument to the ingenuity and enterprise of men who established themselves in Brockport. In 1868 the shops passed into the hands of Samuel Johnson and Byron Huntley. The Johnson harvester was made by them, at first, in a moderate way, but sales increased rapidly, and in 1870 a stock com- pany was formed with a capital of three hundred thousand dollars, under the corporate name of the Johnson Harvester Company. Samuel Johnson was president, and B. E. Huntley was secretary and treasurer. Five hundred machines were made during the year following organiza- tion. The demand for machines in Europe was so rapidly increasing that B. E. Huntley was sent abroad as general European agent, and F. S. Stebbins was made secretary and treasurer. Sixteen hundred machines were manufactured in 1872, and in 1877 nearly six thousand were made. The Johnson Harvester plant was entirely destroyed by fire in June, 1882, and was not rebuilt in Brock- port, the company removing to l^atavia, N. Y., taking with them a large number of the hundred men employed by them previous to the fire. A second foundry and machine shop was established in Brockport in 1844 by William H. Seymour and Thomas R. Roby. Mr. Roby's interest in the firm was purchased by Dayton S. Morgan, and the man- ufacture of stoves and farm implements began in a modest way. In 1846 the making of the McCormick reaper was undertaken, and one hundred machines of this type were built and put upon the market. These machines were in every way a success, and were the first hundred reapers that were successful machines known to have been made in the world. In 1849 ^^ improved machine styled the " New Yorker," was made, and various other improvements were patented by Mr. Se)'mour, the most notable of which was the " quadrant " platform. In 1852 a self- raking reaper was built by Seymour & Morgan, and anotiier by Palmer & Williams. Both machines werfe manufactured by THE TOWN OF SWEDEN. -117 Seymour & Morgan, and eacli possessed the essentials of a perfect ma- chine, though differing somewhat in the plan of construction. The patents were subsequently united in one machine, each party holding specific interests in the enterprise. In 1853 George H. Allen acquired an interest in the business, and the firm was then st}'led Seymour, Morgan & Allen. In 1873-4 a new reaper of a greatly improved pattern was made, which was an embodiment of all the good points of the older machines, together with several additions not heretofore used. The new produc- tion was called the Triumph, and was the result of years of experience and a thorough appreciation of the requirements of reaping and har- vesting machines. The D. S. Morgan Company which succeeded, con- tinued to manufacture "Triumph" harvesting machinery until the fall of 1894, when the firm retired, and at this time their large. plant is idle, with little prospect of being revived. Brockport has always been a manufacturing town, and has at the present time several important industries affording employment to a large number of skilled mechanics. As a place of residence it is all that could be desired, offering advantages not often obtainable in a village of its size. The Business Men's Association has been instrumental in increasing the commercial importance of the place. Through the influence and energy of this organization several extensive manufacturing concerns have been established. The life of the association dates from 1893, and a vast amount of good has been done by it. The president is T. H. Dobson ; secretary, John N. Drake ; vice presidents, George C. Gor- don, J. H. Kingsbury, A. W. Fowler, L. T. Underhill, B. F. Gleason, F. F. Capen, John Owens, M. A. Cleveland ; treasurer, Henry Har- rison. The Brockport shoe factory furnishes stead}' employment for about two hundred hands, and is the largest and most important industry in the place. It was established as the Moore-Shafer Manufacturing Com- pany in 1 88 1, with a capital of thirty thousand dollars, and a reserve fund of forty thousand dollars. A fine grade of shoes for woman's wear is made, and its product is in demand in all parts of the United States. The factory is located on Park avenue a short distance from the 53 418 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. New York Central Railroad, and is equipped with the latest and most improved machinery. It has a capacity of about six hundred pairs of shoes daily, and adds largely to the commercial prosperity of the vil- lage. F. F. Capen is the president, and Wilson H. Moore is manager. The Brockport Piano Company was established in 1893. and is one of the progressive institutions of the place. A high grade instrument is made, that is successful both from an artistic and a business standpoint. A number of skilled workmen are employed. The president is F. F. Capen ; vice president, William Daily ; secretary and treasurer, R C. Hull ; superintendent, George Ropelt. Amongst the many and varied industries of the village may be men- tioned the Gleason Cooling Board Company, manufacturing valuable appliances for undertakers' use ; the Brockport vinegar factory, the mill- ing interests, and many enterprises of progress and success. The social element is active in the village, and there are a large number of societies the officers of which are as follows: Monroe Ladge No. 173, F. & M.— W. M., A. G. Chriswell ; S. W., J. N. Drake; J. W., G. E. Locke; S. D., W. B. Conkling ; J D., J. R. Bush; S. M C, C. L. Lawton ; J. M. C, John Read; Tyler, H. Boyrst ; chaplain, Charles W. Smith ; marshal, L. D. Trimmer; treas- urer, A. W. Fowler ; secretary, B. C. Ketchum. Monroe Lodge No. 88, I. O. O. F— N. G., Henry Hurley; V. G., Edgar Knowles ; recording secretary, D. C. Hines ; treasurer, J. B. Sweeting ; permanent secretary, Fred Meinhardt. Hope Rebecca Lodge No. 10, L O. O. F.— N G., Mrs. H. Richard- son ; V. G., Mrs. Ed. Knowles ; recording secretary, Mrs D. C. Hines ; treasurer, Mrs. Charles Guelph ; permanent secretary, Mrs. Miles Upton. Royal Templars of Temperance. — Select councilor, H. C. Hener ; vice councilor, Mrs. E. Knowles ; past councilor, J. Wendover ; chap- l.iin. May Thompson ; recording and financial secretary, Frank Consaul; treasurer, H. D. Chapman ; herald, E. Knowles ; deputy herald, Mary Warner ; guard, Judson Robinson ; sentinel, Hugh MacLachlan ; trus- tees, Messrs. Frost, Wendover and MacLachlan. Cady Post No. 263, G. A R. — Commander, B. C. Ketcham ; senior vice commander. Edwin Losee ; junior vice-commander, E. R Peck; tHE TOWN OF SWEDKN. 419 adjutant, W. H. Pererson ; sergeant, George A. Knowles ; chaplain, David Hathaway ; quartermaster, Leonard Krausey ; officer of the day, Peter Guelph ; officer of the guard, Christian Miller ; sergeant- major, Gustav Baker; quartermaster sergeant, D. J. Butler. Soldiers" Monument Association — President, S. P. Frost; vice presi- dents, Daniel Holmes, George C. Gordon, M. A. Cleveland, Harry Smith and E W. Briggs ; secretary, P. Swart ; treasurer, H. N. Beach ; trustees, S. P. Frost, H. N. Beach, T. C. Berry, Andrew Boyd, E. A. Maynard, T. S. Hinton, D. Richards, L. Krausey, P. Swart, John Owens, C. H. Bellinger and F. A. Winne. Young Men's Christian Association — This organization is in fine working order, and, under the secretaryship of Mr Keeler, is produc- tive of much good. The average daily attendance is thirty four. W.C. T. U.— President, Mrs. E. A. Benedict. Y. W. C. T. U. — President, Georgietta Palmer ; secretary, Gertie Page; treasurer, Nellie Ives. The educational possibilities of Brockport are of the highest order of excellence and the large number of students of both sexes who attend the Normal School from year to year attest the superiority of the in stitution. The Brockport Normal School is the outgrowth of the Brock- port Collegiate Institute, a Baptist organization of early days. In 1832 the Baptist Association of Western New York determined to establish a college at some point west of Rochester. The characteristic generosity and energy of Hiel Brockway secured to the village, in the face of much competition, the location of the school and his gift of six acres of land and $3,000 in cash greatly assisted the promoters of the scheme in the furtherance of their plans. The Baptist people in West- ern New York responded liberally to the petitions circulated asking for aid, and in 1834 a sufficient fund was raised to warrant the erection of the building. The work was pushed rapidly forward and in 1835 or 1836 a portion of it was completed and opened as a school, with Pro- fessor Morse as principal. Progress to this point was not made without incurring a considerable debt, and as the financial condition of the country was strained, the association was greatly embarrassed by those who held mortgages against them and who were persistently pressing their claims. In 1836 420 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. the building, by reason of the failure of tlic association to meet their obli- gations, came into possession of Philemon Allen by virtue of fore- closure proceedings instituted by him. This state of affairs proved disastrous to the further continuance of the school and it was closed and became, as an authority puts it, " a habitation for wild beasts." As the Baptist Association of Rrockport had now gone into bankruptcy and the school propert)' had passed into the hands of the assignees of Allen, who had also met with reverses, the further maintenance of the college as had been originally designed seemed to be hopeless. The citizens of Brockport were unwilling to permit so valuable an adjunct to their progress to fall into decay, and on the 19th of August, 1841, called a meeting to consider the advisability of purchasing the grounds and buildings which had been advertised for sale at $3,800. A stock company was created and shares to the amount of $3,950 were disposed of. On the 1 2th of September, 1841, a board of twenty- four trustees were elected and a resolution passed to the effect that if at any time within ten years the Baptist Society could raise sufficient funds to take up the stock held by the citizens and to maintain a church college, then the property should be transferred to them. A loan was obtained and a subscription raised to improve the grounds and buildings and the in- stitution incorporated as a collegiate institute. On the 2d of April, 1854, when the school had attained considerable reputation and was firmly established on a substantial basis, fire broke out and in three hours the edifice was completely destroyed. The trustees were not disheartened, however, and on the day after tiie disaster, determined to rebuild, which they did, and on the 27th of November, 1855, school work was resumed under the supervision of N. B. Stanton, A. M. The new building was dedicated December 23, 1856. In 1886 the Legislature passed an act authorizing the establishing of four Normal Schools. After much competition Brockport was selected as the location of one of the schools. Fifty thousand dollars .was raised by the village and the buildings purchased and deeded to the State, reserving, however, a portion as an academic department. The Normal School was formall\- openeil April 17, 1867, with Malcolm McVicar as principal. Professor McVicar was succeeded by C. I). McLean in 1868. THE TOWN OF SWEDEN 421 During the twenty seven years following Professor McLean has been at the head of the school, which is under the supervision of a local board composed of some of the most influential men and women of the village. The Normal School building is an imposing structure of red sandstone, of about 400 feet front ana 200 feet deep The six acres of land on which the buildings stand are tastefully laid out and are an ornament to the village. The average number of pupils is about 900. Resides the Normal School there are three district schools. Miss Casey is principal of the north district, Miss Crofoot of the east dis- trict, and Miss Knowles of the west district. There is also a parochial school in connection with the Roman Catholic church. The fire department is well organized and efficient and is officered as follows: Chief, Fred Schlosser, jr ; first assistant, Howard Matson ; second assistant, F. W. Consaul. Byron Huntley Steamer Company. — President, A. S. Lewis ; secre- tary, M. S. Stewart ; treasurer, J. H. Kingsbury ; foreman. P. F. Swart. Silsby Hose. — President, T. S, Dean ; secretary, Willis Matson. Harrison Hose. — President, Thomas Kavanagh ; secretary, John Collins. Capen Hose — President, T. J. Peckham ; secretary, W. G. Holbrook. Protectives. — President, George Guelph ; secretary, William Burns. Hook and Ladder Company. — President, Henry Scram ; secretar}', Albert Bronson. The efficient protection against fire afiforded by the fire department is greatly increased by the splendid system of water works in use. Hy- drants are placed 500 feet apart throughout the village and there is an average pressure of sevent}'five pounds to the square inch in the mains. The supply comes from three flowing wells at Holley and is abundant and of the purest quality. The water works is not owned by the village, but is the property of the Brockport Water Works Com- pany, of which W. N. Winslow is superintendent. The Town Hall, an imposing structure, was built in 1884. In it are a number of fine offices and quarters for the fire department. The Brockport Free Press was the first newspaper established in Brockport. It made its appearance on the 6th of December, 1827, and was edited by Thomas H. Hyatt and owned by Harris and Hyatt. 422 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Tlie Brockport Recorder was the second paper and was first issued Jan- uary 9. 1828, and was edited by Abithar M. Harris. The Monroe RepubHcan was first issifed on tlie 30th of May, 1833, and the Jeffersonian at Ciarkson village on the 17th or June, 1835. The Branchport Sentinel appeared June 17, 1843, and the Brockport Watcliman in 1844. The Brockport Weekly Journal was first issued September 3, 1852, and the Brockport Gazette, October 30. 1858. There are at present two weekly papers published in the village, the Brockport Republican and the Brockport Democrat. The Republican was first issued October 9, 1856, and was owned and edited by Horatio N. Beach. The paper is at present owned and edited by Mr. L T. Beach, is the organ of the Republican party and has a large circulation. The Brockport Democrat was started July 21, 1870, by Williams and Brink. It is the Democratic organ of the village and is owned and ed- ited by P. J. Wilson. There are two banks in the village, the First National and the private banking house of John Kingsbury. There are three cemeteries, the oldest of which is within the village limits and is owned by an association of lot owners. Lake View Cem- etery, situated on the summit of Beach Ridge commands a fine view of the lake and surrounding country. The Rural Cemetery is east of the village and contains the fine monumental tower erected to the memory of these who participated in the late war. The tower was dedicated September i, 1894, and was erected by a society organized for the pur- pose. The Roman Catholic Cemetery is also east of the village. The Methodist Episcopal church was organized December 10, 1827, by the Rev. John Copeland Previous to this time meetings were held in private houses, the hotel and later in the academy. The church building was erected in 1828 and was the first church building erected in the village. It was of brick and was located on Market street. The present structure was built in 1876, the corner stone having been laid on the 8th of August of the same year and during the pastorate of the Rev. John Dennis. The Presbyterian church of Brockport was organized as a Congrega- tional Society on the 7th of August, 1827. In 1 834 the first elders were chosen and the society united with the Rochester presbytery. THE TOWN OF SWEDEN. 423 Two of those who were members of the original society areahve at this date, WiUiam H Seymour and George F. Barnett. At the present time the church has a large membership, a Christian l'2ndeavor Society, a ladies' missionary, and an art circle, the members of which are pledged to the raising of funds for church imj)rovement. The pastor is George Reichal, The Second Baptist was organized largely by those who had form- erly been connected with the first Baptist society of Brockport and which disbanded in 1839. On the same day that the First Baptist so- ciety dissolved, the loth of March, 1839, the Second church was or- ganized and the property of the original society was purchased. In 1863 the old edifice was taken down and anew and more modern build- ing erected, the cornerstone of which was laid September 23, 1864. The church at present has no pastor. St. Luke's Episcopal church was organized September 20, 1838. The present church building was erected in 1855 or 1856 at a cost of upwards of seven thousand dollars and was consecrated in July, 1856, by Bishop De Lancey. At the present time the parish has no rector. The Free Methodist church of the village was organized in May, 1844. The church was built in 1845, ^"^ consecrated to divine wor- ship in the same year by Elder D. L. W. Rollin assisted by Elder Whitcomb. In 1848 the first mass was celebrated in Brockport by Rev. William O'Reilly. At that time the Catholics had no regular place of meeting but used the village hall for church purposes. In 1851 a lot was pur- chased and shortly after the foundation was laid for a church edifice. During the pastorate of Rev. Edward McGonan the church was com- pleted and dedicated. In 1873 the building was enlarged and grounds purchased for a convent and school The Rev. R. J. Story is the pres- ent pastor. The German Evangelical Association was organized in 1871 by Rev. A. Klein, a missionary sent to Brockport for the purpose by the New- York Conference. The old church building of the Evangelical Reformed Lutheran church was enlarged and deeded to the new society in 1871. The German Lutheran church was founded in 1886 by Charles N. Conrad. The congregation owns valuable property on Spring street 424 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. and lias a iiienibcrsliip of about eiglity. There is a ladies' societ)- and a young people's society connected with tlic church. The officers of the village for the present year are as follows: Presi- dent, Thomas H. Dobson ; trustees, A. W. Fowler, J. W. Cunningham, \V. II. Burnes, P. F Swart and Robert Currie ; treasurer, John R. Doris; clerk, John N. Drake; collector, N. Robinson ; police justice, W. A. Mattison. The village is the home of Mary J. Holmes, a lady who has achieved a national reputation as a writer of books of fiction. She has done much to benefit the villa<^e and by reason of the great success of her works has brought Brockport into prominent notice. The growth and progress of Brockport has been steady and the vil- lage is to-day as flourishing as any to be found in Western New York. Its streets are broad and clean, well lighted and bordered with fine old shade trees Its residences are generally of the better class. Its mer- chants are enterprising, its citizens progressive and on every hand are to be seen the results of the untiring efforts of those who, in early days, laid the foundation for those who were to come after and the many evi- dences of civilization are a constant reminder that " wheresoever the Saxon race goes, there laws and industries and safety for life and prop- erty, and all the great results of steady perseverance are certain to rise " CHAPTER XVIII. THE TOWN OF WEBSTER. In 1806, one year after the first permanent settler came to what is now Webster, the six northeastern towns of Monroe county were brought under one town organization, and called Bojde. On the 30th of March, 1810, Boyle was divided and Penfield created, embracing all that is now Penfield and Webster. Therefore the northern portion of the old town of Penfield, which was set ofif February 6, 1840, and called Webster, forms the subject of this chapter, Webster has an area 20,241 acres of land, nearly all of which is under ^-y^t^ c^.Lm^^. THE TOWN OF WEBSTER. 425 a fair state of cultivation, and a major portion of which constitutes some of the best and most productiv^e and profitable lands of Monroe county, or of the whole Genesee country. Nor can this statement be in any maimer considered a fulsome compliment, for it is a fact well known thnt this town, notwithstanding its somewhat remote location, pos- sesses natural resources not enjoyed by the other towns of the county, and its inhabitants have demonstrated the fact that Webster is to be mentioned first among the small fruit and berry producing towns, while in general agriculture it ranks almost equal with any other similarly conditioned civil division of the county. Geograpically, Webster is situated in the northeast corner of the county. Lake Ontario forming its north boundary, while Irondequoit Bay is on the west ; Penfield, the mother town, on the south and the county line on the east. The land surface is slightly rolling and inclines toward the lake. The shore rises in planes about fifty feet, and on Irondequoit Bay from eighty to lOO feet. The streams are small and flow north into the lake. The soil is a sandy loam north of the Ridge road, and clay and clay loam south of that once famous highway. While it may appear to the present reader an unaccountable fact, it is nevertheless true, that the pioneer settlement in this immediate locality did not begin earlier than the year 1805, and from that time progressed quite slowly for several years. The first settlers were chiefly from the hills and mountains of Vermont and New Hampshire, with others from eastern New York, and they appear to have avoided the lake region until the forests were cleared away and the dampness of the more de- pressed localities had been dried up by the sun's rays and heat. The^ honor of being the pioneer of Webster has been accorded by past writers to Caleb Lyon, a Connecticut Yankee, who came here in 1805, and besides making the first settlement, also built the first saw and grist mills. Incidentally, the fact may be stated that these mills were burned in 18 16, during the ownership of John Inman. Soon after Lyon there came Ebenezer Spear, also William Harris, both of whom are believed to have been here as early as 1807. The settlers in 18 10 are well recalled, and were Stephen Sherman and his son Henry, from old Saratoga county; Ebenezer Cook, the first blacksmith, from New Hampshire ; the Eldridge family, from Washington county, and Daniel 54 426 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Harvey from Greene county. Others who came duiing the same year were Simeon Goodenouj.,di, Nathaniel Abbott, sr., Asa Fell, John At- wootl, David Fell, Samuel Robb and William McFarlin, sr., all of whom came from New Hampshire; and Zebulon Handy from Saratoga county; Thomas Stratton from Greene county, and Dr. Nathaniel Beecher, the pioneer physician, from Connecticut. In 1811 there came in Amos Knapp, Ebenezer Clark (who entered the army in the war of 1 812-15), John Letts, the builder of the famous old " Letts's Tavern," Levi Harris, Deacon Abram Foster, Robert Woodhull, John F. Whiting, Robert and Benjamin Bennett. In the fol- lowing year there came Gerard Dunning, Abram Smith, Amasa Kil- bourn, William and Constance Holt, Alpheus Ballard, Robert Canada, Asa Bass. James Spear and Isaac Straight, all from eastern New York and New England. Among the settlers in 181 3 were Ransom Thomas, Elisha Judson, Lyman and Martin Fox, Peter Amy and Alpheus Crocker; and in 1814 there also came John and William Hicks, Mi- chael Dunning, Thomas Murphy, John Smith, and in 181 5, Timothy Thompson. Other and perhaps later settlers in what is now Webster, though all previous to 1820, were Chester Cleveland, Ebenezer Curtice, Reuben Cobb, Moore and Andrew Robb, Nathaniel Knight, Samuel Preston. Dr. O. Reynolds, Calvin Chamberlain, Lazarus Church, Justin Dwi- nell, Joshua Vosburgh, John and William Mandeville, Joseph Vinton, Barnet Van Hoesen, Nelson Stearns, John and Ziba Curtice, and others, whose names are equally worthy of mention, but whom, through the lapse of time have been forgotten. These were the pioneers and early settlers, and through their efforts the lands of the town were developed and the natural resources and fertility of the soil made known to the world. The sons of a few and the descendants of many of these old families are still living in the town, yet during the last quarter of a century the character of the pop- ulation has materially changed. This is noticeable in various ways and the German element and customs are now both numerous and popular. In many respects this change has been advantageous, for by it many of the once large and unwieldy farms have been divided, and the land placed in a more advanced state of cultivation. THE TOWN OF WEBSTER. 427 The Germans of Webster are thrifty and progressive, and they and the natives aUice, have turned many of the general farms into fruit orchards and berry lots, and given to the town a reputation not enjoyed by other divisions of the county ; and while this great change has not been accomplished without great cost in time, labor, and money, it has been the source of ultimate profit to the people of the region, and has supplied the city of Rochester with fresh and delicious strawberries and black raspberries, and also an abundance of other berries and small fruits. In 1840 it was deemed advisable to divide the large town of Penfield, hence an act was passed creating the town of . Webster, and including within its boundaries 20,241 acres of land. The first town meeting was held at John Letts's famous tavern, situated about three-fourths of a mile south of Webster village, at which time Byron Woodhull was elected supervisor, and T. B. Corning, town clerk. From 1840 to 1895 the su- pervisors of this town have been as follows: Byron Woodhull, 1840 ; William Corning, 1841 ; Alpheus Crocker, 1842; Byron Woodhull, 1843; Alpheus Crocker. 1844; William Woodhull, 1845; William Hall, 1846; Byron Woodhull, 1847 ; Alexander Melvin, 1848 ; Nelson Stearns, 1849; Byron Woodhull, 1850-51 ; Thad. Van Alstyne, 1852; H. Nelson Curtice, 1853; Willis Wilmot, 1854; Thad. Van Alstyne, 1855; Byron Woodhull, 1856; H. N. Curtice, 1857; Horace Holt, 1858-59; Charles S. Wright, i860; H. N. Curtice, 1861 ; Luther Cur- tice, 1862-63 ; Charleys. Wright, 1864-66; Thad. Van Alstyne, 1867 ; Charles S.Wright, 1868; H. N. Curtice, 1869; Thomas Wright, 1870- 71 ; John H. Whitlock, 1872-76; Lewis J. Billings, 1877-78; George L. Conrow, 1879-80; Charles Goetzman, 1881-84; Frank M.Jones, 1885-89; Burton E. Sperry, 1890; Ansel E. Wright, 1891-95. The town officers of Webster for the year 1895 are as follows : Ansel E. Wright, supervisor; Thomas Nagle, town clerk; Almond J. Pratt, Byron W. Burnett, James H. Thatcher, and I. N. Stewart, justices of the peace ; Edwin Jones, John Granger and Walter D. Wright, assess- ors ; Dexter S. Wager, overseer of the poor ; Frank Knapp, collector ; George Dunn, road commissioner; John W. Foster, Melvin S. Collins, and John W. Hallauerer, excise commissioners ; Herbert M. Abbott, Jacob Hoffman, H. C. Cook, Allen C. Smith and Chauncey Woodward, constables. 428 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. An interesting and noteworthy fact in connection with the history of Webster has been the gradual yet constant increase in population, also ill the (ievclopnient of its resources, from the time the town was set off, in 1840, to the present time. In this respect, among the towns of Monroe county, Webster stands with Perinton, Greece and Briy;hton. In proof of this assertion let us look briefly to the various changes in population in this town as indicated by the census report. In 1840, the year in which Webster was created, the inhabitants numbered 2.235, and in 1850 had increased to 2,446 In i860 the population was 2,650, and in 1870 had still further increased to 2,749. In 1880 the number of inhabitants was 2,950, and in 1 890 was 3.139. When we consider the location of the town in the county and the disadvantages which at- tended its early -eltlement. together with its quite recent organization, we have here a condition of development and increase not elsewhere equaled in the county. Webster Village. — The busy little hamlet has grown and developed from a beginning as humble and primitive as any other of the local in- stitutions. The village itself is situated on the once famous Ridge road, at the point where pioneer James Spear built his frame house in 181 2, and which he occupied as a public house. Previous to that time, how- ever, William R. Ellis had opened a store here, and these were the be- ginning of village history. Samuel Lacy built the first brick building in 1830, and in the next year a Presbyterian church was erected. Later church societies were the Baptist, Universalist, Methodist Episco- pal, Methodist Protestant and German Lutheran, with still others in the near vicinity. At the present time, although not incorporated, the village has a population of about 800 inhabitants, and is in all respects a well ordered municipality. Its manufacturing interests comprise the picture frame and moulding works of Hendricks & Clem, the casket factory of Holt & Co., and two sash, door and planing mills, owned by Odell Brothers and Lake & Co. The merchants of the village are G. W. Hawley, F. M. Jones, Anthony Smith, Robert F. Ilendee & Son. each having a stock of general merchandise, and George G. Mason, grocer and drug- gist. In addition to these there are two meat markets, one tailor shop, two milliners, one ladies' furnishing store, three blacksmiths, the har- THE TOWN OF WEBSTER. 429 ness shop, the shoe shop, and a yood flour and grist mill, the latter the property of Dimniick.& Sperry. The Union School of the village is one of the important institutions of the town, and had its origin in the old Webster Academy, established in 1832, burned in 1872, and soon .iftervvard rebuilt As at present conducted, six teachers are employctl and an excellent system of man- agement maintained. The president of the board is Dr. A. P. Mann ; Newton L. Hand}', secrelar}-, and George G Mason, treasurer. West Webster is a small hamlet of about 200 inhabitants, situated on the Ridge road in the southwest part of the town. Meie is a basket factory, operated by Bancroft & Lewis, one large general store, owned by Charles Goetzman, and one market and a few small shops. Here, also, is a district school, and the church houses of the Methodist Epis- copal and Free Methodist societies. The town of Webster, with a present population of 3,139. has within its boundaries no less than eleven regularly organized and well supported church societies, and each of these is provided with a comfortable house of worship ; and in this respect, also, Webster stands unrivaled among the towns of the county. Of these organizations we may briefly treat. The Presbyterian church of Webster was organized as a Congrega- tional Society in 1825, but on account of some disturbance in the soci- ety over doctrinal questions, the form of government was changed to Presbyterian. The first meeting house of this society, which was the first in the town, was built south of Webster village, but the second edifice, built in 1855, was erected in the village proper. This is one of the strong church societies of the town, and is now under the pastoral charge of Rev. Francis Wade. Membership, about 150. The First Methodist Episcopal church of Webster was organized in 1830, and in 1832 a church edifice was erected on the Ridge road, one and one- half miles west of the center village, and became known as the Center church. This was a large and influential society in the town, and formed the nucleus of three later and successful church organiza- tions. The Second Methodist Episcopal church of Webster, known as the Lakeside and otherwise as the Boston church, was foimed in 1839, hav- ing an original membership of ten persons. The first edifice was built 430 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. in 1849. and stood on the town line road in the northeast part of Web- ster. This cluirch and the charge at Ontario are joint, and have a membership of one hundred and tliirty-three. The pastor is Rev. J. S. Duxbury. The First Methodist I^piscopal church of Webster village was organ- ized in 1859, with fifty five members, and was the direct ofif shoot from the mother church at the center village, out of the latter growing three separate churches. The fine church home of the society was built in 1 86 1, and was located in the village. The membership in this church numbers about 200 persons. The present pastor is Rev. T. C. Carson. The society and congregation of this church is among the largest in the town. The First Methodist Fpiscopal church of West Webster was also or- ganized in 1859 upon the disintegration of the mother society south of Webster village. The church edifice at the west village was completed and dedicated in the spring of i860. This, too, is a strong society, the active church membership numbering about seventy five persons. The pastor is Rev R. M. Connal. The First Universalist church of Webster dates back in its history to the early days of the town altiiough no formal organization was effected previous to 1843. The original members numbered nineteen, and in- cluded some of the best families of the town. The cobblestone edifice was erected in 1844, and dedicated in November, 1845, by Rev. L. L. Spaulding, who became the first pastor. The society is at present with- out a pastor. The Evangelical, German Methodist, church was organized in Web- ster in i860, with seventeen members. The church edifice was erected in 1 861, and was located on the old "Salt road," one and one-half miles east of Webster village. The dedicatory services were held August 18, 1861, by the Rev. Mr. Weaver. A Sunday school was started in 1862. The present pastor of this church is Rev. William Arndt. Member- ship, one hundred. The Emanuel church, German Lutheran, was organized in 1867, with fifteen members, and the church edifice when erected, in 1868, was located one mile east of West Webster village. This structure, how- ever, is now removed to Webster village, which place is the seat of THE TOWN OF WEBSTER 431 operations of the society. The present pastor is Rev. A. Schlenck. The church edifice is a frame building. Church membership, about one hundred. The Baptist church and society of Webster was organized in 1830, with thirteen constituent members, including a number of the substan- tial pioneer element of the town. The first edifice was erected in 1832, and used from i860 to 1872 for the academy. It was burned in the last mentioned year. The new cobblestone edifice was begun in 1855, and was completed and dedicated January i. 1857. "^'^^ membership of this church and society are large. The present pastor is Rev. Joseph Weston. Memborship, 180. Trinity church (Roman Catholic) was formed as a parish in 1859, the membership then, as well as at the present time, being comprised chiefly of the German Catholic element of the town. The church edifice was erected in i860, and is located on the Ridge road, half a mile east of Webster village. The first pastor was Rev. Father Heginer. The present pastor is Rev. Father J. Magin. There are about 300 Catholics in this parish. The Free Methodist church of Webster dates its organization back to about the year 1867 or '68, but the meeting house was not erected un- til 1873. Rev. William Gould and four laymen comprised the original membership. The first regular pastor was Rev. M. D. McDougall. The present pastor is Rev. J. E. Tififany. Membership, about fifty. Present church, a frame structure. The history of the early schools of Webster is a part of the history of the town of Penfield, and at the time of the organization of the former town the territory was divided and rearranged into districts to suit the convenience of the inhabitants living in the newly constituted jurisdiction. Tradition informs us that the first school established in the northern part of Penfield was taught by William Harris, but gives us no information as to the location of the school house. However, well verified records state that in 1813a log school house was erected and opened on the site afterward occupied by the school of district No. 12, and from that time the development of educational interests can be reasonably well traced. According to the present disposition of school interests, the territor)' 4.32 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. of the town is divided into fourteen districts, each of whicli, except No. lO, is provided with a comfortable school building. During the school year 1893-4, the number of children in the town of school age was 1,045, ^oi" \\'hose instruction nineteen teachers were employed, and paid for their services the sum of $6,40660. In addition to the public schools, the town has one private school with fourteen pupils in attend- ance. Of the thirteen school houses, ten are of frame, two of brick, and one of stone construction, and all have an aggregate appraised value of $21,475 In the year mentioned there was apportioned to the town public moneys amounting to $2,422 40, added to which was the Regents' fund of $223.39, while the town raisetj b\' tax on the several districts, $3,481 33 There was realized from other sources $1,73050 The total revenue for the year was $8,296 53. In addition to teachers' wages, there was paid for libraries, $[03.92; for school apparatus, $108.22 ; for repairs, $460 Si, and for all other expenses, $838.69. CHAPTER XIX. THE TOWN OF WHEATLAND. If it were possible in this volume to reproduce all the generous and perhaps deserving compliments that have been spoken and written of the town of Wheatland by enthusiastic observers of the past, many other civil divisions of the county might feel injured or at least slighted ; and while it is not the purpose of the present writer to create un- pleasant feelings or any dissatisfaction in any direction, justice and candor compel the confession that among the towns of Monroe county Wheatland occupies a position well to the front as a producing town. More than that, in connection with its early history and occupancy it en- joyed a distinction not common to the region, as it was associated with the once noted " white woman," Mary Jemison, who dwelt among the Senecas during the Revolution. Still further, at the junction of Oatka Creek (Allen's Creek as now known) with the Genesee was the abiding place of the notorious Ebenezer Allen, the first white settler in the FREEMAN EDSON, M. D. THE TOWN OF WHEATLAND. 433 Genesee country, the mention of whom renders appropriate a brief allusion to his history. Ebenezer Allen was a tory, who in consequence of his crimes fled from his home in Pennsylvania and joined the Indians about 1 780 He located on the Genesee and lived for a time on the lands of Mary Jemison. He afterward built a saw and grist mill on the site of Roch- ester, thence moved to Oatka Creek, and finally to Canada. Few characters in either history or fiction approached so near the idea of total depravity as this inhuman monster. He was an open polygamist, murdered several persons while professing the greatest friendship for them, and while on the warpath with the Indians amused himself by dashing out the brains of Indians. Allen obtained from the Senecas a gift of 300 acres of land at the mouth of the creek, and afterward bought from Phelps and Gorman an additional 170 acres. He had a com- fortable log house and about sixty acres under cultivation. After he had sold to the Shaffers, Allen and his family left the locality, proceed- ing to Mt. Morris and thence to Canada. Settlement. — The recognized pioneers of what is now Wheatland were Peter Shaffer and his sons Peter and Jacob, who came to the locality in December, 1809. They found the settlement begun by Allen and his brother- in law, Christopher Dugan, near the mouth of Allen's Creek, a short distance below Scottsville, and they became the purchasers of his farm, paying therefor $2.50 per acre. With apple- seeds brought from Pennsylvania, the Shaffers planted the first orchard west of the Genesee. Mr. Shaffer and his son Jacob died soon after making the settlement, but Peter lived to a good old age. The valley of the river below Shaffer's was slow in settling. Joseph Morgan came in 1792; Andrew Wortman in 1794 or 1795. Caleb Aspinwall, Peter Conkle, P^rederick and Nicholas Hetztillcr were also early settlers in the Shaffer neighborhood. Reuben Heath came from Vermont in 1799. Isaac Scott, founder of Scottsville, came in 1799 and within a year or two opened public house, the first in tlie town. Other early settlers in this vicinity were Donald McVean (1800), Powell Ca'-penter (1804), Newman Warren, Samuel Co.x and his sons Jo.seph, Isaac and James; James Wood, John Smith (a pioneer surveyor), 434 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Joseph Thorn, (the early schoohiiaster), Hiram Peabody, b'.nos Finch (near Catholic Corners, so called), and Uarius Shadbolt (1805). The southwest part of the town was settled early by several families of Scotch birth, who came to the region under the direction of Charles Williamson, who made generous provision for public purposes. He donated lOO acres for a glebe lot and sixty acres for a school, also 500 acres each for ten gentlemen ; lOO acres each for ten farmers and seventy-eight acres each for forty other farmers. The first of the Scotch emigrants left Perthshire in the spring of 1798, reaching New York about the first of May, but not until the next year did the first of the colony come to the Genesee country to locate permanently. Atuong the first to arrive here were Porter Campbell, Malcolm and James McLaren, John McNaughton and Donald McVean, all of whom, except McVean, brought families. In July, 1803, another party of Scotch emigrants left their Inverness-shire homes and came to the new coun- try. They, too, settled in what afterward became Wheatland, and, like their predecessors, were among the thrifty residents of the town in later years. Early in the century this element of local population organized the Caledonia Presbyterian Society, at the dwelling of Peter Campbell, and chose as trustees Peter Anderson, John Christie, Peter Campbell, Thomas Irvine and Duncan McPherson In 1804 John McKay built a saw mill, thus enabling the inhabitants to construct better habitations. Referring briefly to the settlers on the west side of the town, there may be recalled the names of John McVean, James McLaren, John McPher- son, Donald McPherson, Peter Anderson, Deacon John Christie and others now forgotten. In addition to those already mentioned we may recall generally the names of still others of the early settlers, among them Jacob Hetzler. Levi Lacy, Harris Rogers, Zachariah Garbutt, John, Philip and William Garbutt, sons of Zachariah, William Garbutt, Rev. Donald Mann, Joseph Blackmer, Deacon Rawson Harmon, Francis Albright, John McNaughton, George Goodhue, John SagCj^ Elihu Goble, Rufus Cady, Marvin Cady, Seeley Finch, Calvin Armstrong, Deacon Smith, Jirah Blackmer, Benjamin Irish, Abram Grant, Andrew Cone, Joseph Tucker, Henry Martin, Daniel and Martin Smith, Samuel Bassett, H. Hutchin- THE TOWN OF WHEATLAND. 435 son, James Olmstead Thomas Lowrey. Elder and John Mudge, Ebenezer Skinner, Bela Armstrong, Francis Smith, Theodore, Theron and Kinner Brown, sons of Rev. Solomon Broun, Joel Phelps, Rob- ert Smith, E T. Miller, James Mallock, David and Eh"sha Farwell, Stephen Baker, William Shirts, William Peabody, Charles Killan, Whiting Merry, James Eraser, William Armstrong, Thomas Simpson, PhiHp Wardner, Moses Wells, William Reed, Joseph Blackmer, Thomas Stokes. Tozvn Organization. — The town now known as Wheatland was, on the 30th of March, 1802, formed, with other territory, into Southampton, and was so known and distinguished until April 4, 1 806, when the name was changed to Caledonia. On the creation of Monroe county it became desirable to annex a portion of Caledonia to the new jurisdic- tion, consequently the creating act included 18,903 acres of that town's land. This act was passed February 23, 1821. and upon the organiza- tion of the new district the town was named *' Inverness," and so called, undoubtedly, in allusion to Inverness, Scotland, from whence came many of the early settlers of this special region. On this subject a writer of early history says the town was named " from some Scotch whim " This may have been true, yet there is abundant room to doubt anything of a whimsical nature in the matter, for the Scotch settlers here were not types of that character. The name was indeed appro - priate and no reasonable explanation is yet offered to show why it should have been changed during the same legislative session, on April 30, to Wheatland. The latter name was also highly proper, for at that time and for many years afterward the town was noted for its wheat production, and as well for its general fertility and prolificy in all cereal products. After the creation of the town the first meeting of the freeholders was held at the house of Powell Carpenter, on the 3d of April, 182 i, at which time these officers were elected : John Garbutt, supervisor ; Levi Lacy, town clerk; William Reed, Jirah Blackmer and William Garbutt, assessors; Thomas Stoker, collector; Rawson Harmon and Peter Shaf- fer, overseers of the poor; Joseph Cox, Clark Hall and Ephraim Black- mer, commissioners of highways ; P'reeman Edson, Thomas Lowry and Jirah Blackmer, commissioners of common schools; George Wood, Syl- 430 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. vcster Harmon and Peter W. McPherson, inspectors of common schools; Caleb Calkins and Chester Savage, constables. In this connection it is interesting to note the succession of supervisors of the tov\n from its organization to tlie present time, viz : John Gar- butt, 1821; Rawson Harmon, 1822-23; Levi Lacy, 1824-25; John Garbult, 1826-27; Isaac I. Lewis, 1 828; William Garbutt, 1 829, D. McVean, 1830-31 ; Reed, 1832-33; John McVean, 1834-36; Theron Brown, 1837-38; John McVean, 1839; Jirah Blackmer, 1840- 41 ; Lewis Goodrich, 1842; Jirah l^lackmer, 1843; Duncan McVean, 1844-45; Elisha Harmon, 1846-47; George R. Hall, 1848; Philip Garbutt, 1849; Ephraim Blackmer, 1850; Philip Garbutt, 1851-54; William Welch, 1855-56; Ephraim P'^inch, 1857-59; Samuel Scofield, 1860-63; Donald McNaughton, 1864-67; W. G. Ashby, 1868; Vol- ne\' P. Brown, 1869; T. R. Sibley, 1870; Donald McNaughton, 1871- 74; Philip Garbutt, 1875-76; J. Julian McVean, 1877; T. R Sibley, 1878 ; Philip Garbutt, 1879-83 ; Charles T. Brown, 1884-86; William C Page, 1887; Stephen Bennett, 1888; William C.Page, 1889-90; Edward A. Brown, 1891-92; George H. Pope, 1893-95. The town ofificers for the year 1895 are George H. Pope, supervisor; William H. Kcyes, town clerk ; John Shoulder, David Nichols, Simon W. McDonald and'Charles H. Mordofif, justices of the peace; George E. Slocum, R. H. Burrell, William Champ, assessors; D. Rogers, jr., Isaac Budlong, jr., and Patrick Ereeman, highway commissioners ; Duncan McQueen, collector; Otto Bennett, 1st district and Alexander Stewart, 2d district, oxerseers of the poor; David Corcoran, Alfred Kime and James Martin, excise commissioners ; Samuel McConkcy, Isaac H. Warren, Duncan McQueen, William F. Lawson and Charles D. Nichols, collector. Population. — In 1825, the year in which was made the first enumera- tion of inhabitants after the formation of the town, the population was 1,728, and in 1830 had increased to 2,240. Since this time the various fluctuations of population are best shown by quoting from the reports of the federal census made at the beginning of each decade, as follows: In 1840, 2,871; in 1850, 2,916; 1870, 2,560; 1880, 2,599; 1890, 2,400. I'^rom iliis it will be seen that the town now has more than 400 less inhabitants than it had in 1 840, and less than 200 more than in 1830 THE TOWN OF WHEATLAND. 437 Another noticeable fact in connection with Wheatland history is that its present industries are not as numerous as they were at the erection of tlie town, in proof of which the statement may be made that in 1821, then having only '],']']'] acres of land under improvement, there were in operation four grist mills, four saw mills, three fulling mills, three card- ing mills, four distilleries and two asluries. At that time, also, there were owned in the town 1,338 cattle, 327 horses and 3,082 sheep. Fifteen years later, tliere were under improvement 13,500 acres of land, and in operation six grist mills, three saw mills, one woolen factory, one distillery, one ashery and one tannery. In this year the cattle num- bered 1,753: horses, 798; sheep, 6,580; swine 1,866 A comparison of these statements will show that with the decline of one industry or interest another succeeded, demonstrating clearly that Wheatland has never retrograded. The town now has 18,903 acres of land nearly all ot which is susceptible of constant cultivation. It was originally a wheat producing town, and as such was famous throughout the whole Genese;" country. In fact, from its prominence in this respect, it was named " Wheatland," the land of wheat. While the wheat district has not materially lessened in fertility and productiveness the farmers have been conipelled to resort to other pro- ducts to a great extent, as wheat during recent }'ears has been an un- profitable cro[% and growers now fully realize the fact that the East cannot compete with the West in producing this staple. At the present ' time the enterprising agriculturalists are large growers of beans, and in this commodity the town produces abundantly and profitably. More- over, in general agriculture Wheatland ranks among the foremost towns of the Genesee country. Villages and Hamlets. — During the full century of occupancj' of Wheatland, several small villages or hamlets have been established and built up, some the creations of convenience, others of necessity, but none has ever attained the dignity of a corpoi ate character. Scottsville was founded and named in honor of Isaac Scott, a New Hampshire Yankee, who came to the region in 1790 and purchased from the Wadsworths one hundred and fifty acres of land at $4 per acre. He was a farmer but took the first step toward founding a village by building and opening a public house. Soon afterward Abraham Han- 438 LANDMARKS oF MONROE COUNTY. ford opened a store, and Dr. I^'reeman Edson, who also came from New Hampshire, began practicing physic and surgery on the village site. Both were iiere as early as 1814. Other residents soon came in and before 1816 a tannery and an ashery were in operation in the settlement. In 1816 a second tavern was opened bv Dr. Augustus Hrislol, and in the same year David McVean built a ^^list mill The tannery was built during the war of 1812 by Jonathan Habcock, succeeded in occupancy by Martin Goodricii. The first distiller}- was built by Sherman Hills, while the second was " run " by Al^raham Hanford as an adjunct to his grist mill. Thus tiie village was established, and from that early day to the present time Scoltsville has been the leading business center of the town. Ilowever among the early residents of the village, and in some manner identified witli its history, ma\- be mentioned the names of Mr. Sharp and Luniau Guthrie, blacksmiths; Kdward Collins, mason and builder; Alvin Savage, millwright and general mechanic; Whitman Ashley, law) er ; John Farquharson, wagonmaker A post-office was established in the village in 1822, Dr. Edson. postmaster. A canal was completed from Rochester to Scottsville in 184Q. A classical school or academy was opened here in 1824, with Rev. John Milligan as principal, but being an un{)rofitable venture was abandoned after a few } ears. From the humble beginnings narrated above the present village of Scottsville has grown. In population it numbers about eight hundred, and although its business interests have never been large, those which have been established have generally proved substantial and profitable. However, in January, 1895, the chief industry of the village was de- stroyed by fire, this disaster being a serious blow to local interests, for the large flouring mills were an important factor in local prosperity. The present business interests are the general stores of Keys Bros., Williams & Dunn, J. Chambers & Son, and the general hardware store of L. M. Slocum. There are two good hotels, the " McVean House " and the " Cargill I louse." The district school is one of the best features of the village, and one of the best institutions of its kind in this part of the county. The district trustees are William Rafierty, W. J. Howe and Selden S Brown. Four teachers are employed. In the immedi- ate vicinity of the village is the famous stock and dairy farm of H. L. S. Hall, whose herd of Jersey cows attracted attention from the whole THE TOWN OK WIIKATLAND. 439 country. Tlic villaank Shafier and T. E. Sanders. The Presbyterian Church of Scottsville was organized in March, 1822, on a Congregational basis, and adopted Presbyterian form in 1832. The first members were chiefly from Caledonia, Riga and Chili. Rev. John Mulligan began preaching in the town as early as 1821, and was the first stated supply of the society when formed. A house of worship was erected and completed in 1831. Th pastor of this church is Rev. Edwin Bristol. Grace Church, Protestant Episcopal, was the result of missionary services conducted in the town sixty and more years ago. The parish and church have never been numerically strong, yet is one of the sub- stantial institutions of the locality. The number of communicating members is sixty-seven. The rector is Rev. h\ A .Gould. The war- dens are S. S. Brown and M. C. Mordofif; vestrymen, Seward Sco- field, Charles S. Ellis, Francis Cox, M.D. Strobel, jr., C. F. Hardy. T. R. Sibley. The Church of the Assumption, at Scottsville, otherwise occasionally known as St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church, originated in services of missionary character begun in the village about the year 1840, at which time a parish was organized and a building remodeled for church pur- poses. A regular edifice, commodious and convenient, was built in 1853-54. This church is now under the pastoral care of Rev Father 440 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY L. A. Lambert, and the congregation luinibcrs about 400, including all the Catholic families of the vicinity. Mumford is a pretty little hamlet of about 350 inhabitants, situated in the southwest part of Wheatland, and, like Scottsville, has access to the excellent water privileges of Allen's Creek. The pioneer of this locality was Donald McKenzie, who established a cloth dressing mill here early in the century. The mill was in operation here in 1809. John and Rober McKay bought a tract of land in this locality, and tiie latter soon sold his interest to Thomas Mumford, In 18 17 John McKay and Mumford built the large grist mill that made a village settlement here, and from Thomas Mumford the hamlet was given its name, although Elisha H. S. Mumford succeeded his father in the mill, and did much to establish the prosperous condition of the settlement. A post office was established here abiut 1835. The first store keeper was Philip Garbutt. A brewery was started by L White in 1825, and the first tavern was opened by Benjamin Dobson. F"rom these primitive enterprises the present prosperous little village has been built up, and at no time in its history has it ever attained greater importance than it now enjoys. Somewhat remote from the county seat, to be sure, yet directly connected therewith by rail, no serious inconvenience is experienced on this account. Here is the very center of a rich agricultural region, the inhabitants being thrifty and in good circumstances generally, which element has contributed to village growth and importance. Mumford now has three general stores the proprietors of which are Woodward & Keefe, Reid & Skiventon, and A. P. Campbell ; also two good hotels and mills and shops incident to such hamlets Here is also a good district school and three churches. The Baptist Church of Mumford, now under the pastoral charge of Rev. D, L. McVey, was constituted December 9, 1852, under the min- istr\' of Rev. W. W. Everts. The church edifice was completed and dedicated August 24, 1853, and the first pastor was Rev. C. A. Wardner. The United Presbyterian Church of Mumford was organized May 13, 1869. with nearly thirty constituent members. The society built a substantial edifice in 1876. This church, now fairly large and progress- ive, is under the pastoral charge of Rev. W. J. Reid. St. Patrick's Roman Catholic Church at Mumford is another larse THE TOWN OF WHEATLAND. 441 and worthy institution of the village, and is in charge of Rev. Father George J. Eisler. This church was founded about the year 1840. Beulah and Relcoda are hamlets, hardly more than cross road settle- ments, both in the northern part of Wheatland. At the hamlet first mentioned was established and built the United Presbyterian Church in February, 1852, with twenty-seven original members. The church has ever maintained an existence, and though small in membership is nev- ertheless a worthy organization. Its present pastor is Rev. David Anderson. The old Baptist Church of Wheatland was one of the pioneer soci- eties of the town, and was organized May 2S, 181 1. Its first members included about twelve or fifteen of the first settlers. The first pastor was Elder Solomon Brown. In 1845 the church edifice was remodeled, but when ready for occupancy was destroyed by fire. Another struc- ture was built at once. Another of the pioneer institutions was the Farmers' Library ot Wheatland, which was organized January 26, 1805, and though now a thing of the past is nevertheless worthy of at least a mention in this chapter. In this chapter frequent mention has been made of the location and character of the early schools of Wheatland, wherefore in the present connection little need be said other than to present the present condi- tion of the educational system of the town. In 1820 Wheatland was di- vided into eight school districts, and the number of children of school age (b-tween five and fifteen years) was 371. In 1835 the districts numbered nine with 780 children attending school. In 1894 according to the com- missioners' report for the year ending July 31st, the districts numbered nine, and children of school age 715. There were nine school houses, also one private school with seven pupils. The total amount of moneys available for school purposes during the year was $8,336.12, of which $2,05925 was apportioned from public moneys and $4,911.20 was raised by town tax. Fifteen teachers were employed, and paid the aggregate of $6,084.05. Of the school buildings, six are of frame and three of brick construction. The value of school property in the town is estimated at $22,050. 56 JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. The chapter on the Bench and Bar contained brief sketches of some of the more distinguished of the deceased judges who had been resi- dents of Rochester during most of their Hves Nothing of a biographi- cal character was given in that connection concerning any of the Hving members of the profession, and it is thought to be only fitting that something should be said in this place of some, at least, of those who continue to adorn the bench or to enhance the honor of the bar. George F. Danforth was born in Boston, Mass., July 5, 18 19, and is a son of Isaac and Dolly Danforth, natives of New Hampshire. He was graduated from Union college in 1840 and in August of that year came to Rochester, where he read law. Admitted to the bar he began the practice of his profession in this city in June, 1843, ^"<^ continued with'^ut interruption until January i, 1879, when, having been elected, he took his seat as associate judge of the court of Appeals of the state of New York. He served in that capacity till December 31, 1890, when he retired from the bench by reason of the constitutional limitation as to age. He then resumed the practice of law, in which he still con- tinues. He is a strong Republican, and in 1892 was president of the judiciary commission. For many years he has occupied a foremost place not only in tlie bar of Monroe county but in the bar of Western New York, while in the jurisprudence of the state his great ability and profound knowledge of law have received universal recognition. On April 27, 1846, he married Miss Frances J. Wright, daughter of Orrin and Frances J. (Gold) Wright, of Pittsford, Mass. John M. Davy was born in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, on June 29, 1835, ^"<^ removed to Monroe county with his parents when an infant, residing in the towns of Mendon and Henrietta until he began the prac- tice of law, when he came to Rochester. Receiving a common school J. M. DAVY. WILLIAM E. WhRNER. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 443 and academic education he read law in the office of Strong, Palmer & Mumford, but before completing his legal studies he assisted, in 1862, in raising Co. G, of the loSth Regiment N. Y. Vols., and was appointed first lieutenant of that company. He was in active service in the war for the Union until the winter of 1863, when, being incapaci- tated by illness, he was honorably discharged, returned to Rochestei, resumed the study of law, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1863 Being an unswerving Republican he was nominated by his party and elected district attorney of Monroe county in the fall of 1868 and served until 1871, declining a renomination. In 1872 he was appointed by President Grant collector of customs for the port of Genesee, and held that office until he took his seat in the XLIVth congress in 1875, to which he had been elected by the Repub- licans. At the close of his congressional term he again devoted his at- tention to his profession, in which he has achieved eminent success. In 1888 he was nominated by both the Republican and Democratic judi- cial conventions for the Seventh Judicial district for the office of justice of the Supreme court, to succeed Judge Angle, and his election was equally unanimous, the vote being the largest ever cast for a Supreme court justice in this district. Judge Davy has honored and dignified this responsible position for seven years, and is one of the ablest advo- cates on the Supreme bench of the state. George F. Yeoman, ex-justice of the Supreme court for the Seventh Judicial district of this state, was born in Delaware count)% in 1846. He studied at the university of Rochester, and began the practice of law in this city in 1875. The death of Judge Francis A. Macomber caused a vacancy on the bench and on November 10, 1893, Governor Flower appointed Mr. Yeoman to fill the same. He took the oath of office November 15, 1893, and retired December 31, 1894. William E. Werner, justice of the Supreme court, was born in Buf- falo, N. Y., on the 19th of April, 1855, and received his early education in the public schools of his native city. In 1877 he came to Rochester and read law in the offices of W. H. Bowman and D. C. Feel}', and while pursuing his studies was appointed clerk of the Municipal court, in which capacity he served until shortly before his admission to the bar in October, 1880. He then entered upon the successful practice of 444 LA'NDNfARKS OF^MO^IROE COUNTY. his profession, and continued until the fall of 1884, when he was elected special county judge of Monroe county. After serving three years, he was unanimously re-elected to th^ same office in 1887. In 1889, when the office of county judge was made- j^iicant by the death of Judge Morgan, he was unanimously elected to that responsible position, which he held until December 31, 1894. In November, 1894, he was elected without opposition to the office of justice of the Supreme court of the state of New York for the Seventh judicial district, which position he now holds. Justice Werner commands the respect and confidence of all citizens regardless of party affiliations, and his services upon the bench have been characterised by ability, dignity, justice and honesty. As an attorney he had charge of the legal business of many of the largest corporations in the city, and before his accession to the bench he was regarded as one of the most successful lawyers in the county. In every relation, as judge, lawyer and citizen, he has been and is deservedly popular and influential. He is a member of several social organisations, and is also prominently identified with the Masonic order, with the Odd P'ellows, and with the Knights of Pythias. Harvey Humphrey, born in Goshen, Conn., in 1798, was a son of Jonathan and Rachel Humphrey, farmers, who settled with their family in East Bloomfield (township No. 10 of Phelps and Gorham's pur- chase), Ontario county, in the spring of 1799, being among the pioneers of that section. There he was reared and educated. In 18 16 he entered Hamilton college, and was graduated first in his class in 1820, pronouncing the salutatory. He manifested a special love for the classics throughout life. Leaving college he entered the law office of Nicholas B. Randall, at Maniius, N. Y. , and remained two years. In 1822 he became a tutor in his alma mater, and for two years taught Latin and Greek. Resigning in 1824 he settled in Rochester and soon after was admitted to the court of Common Pleas, and for fifty-three years practiced his profession in this city. Soon after his admission he ^■''was appointed justice of the peace and held that office for a long time. About 1829 he was admitted as solicitor in chancery; in 1 843 he formed a partnership with Hon. Isaac Hills; and from 1852 to 1856 he served as judge of Monroe county. He was also a village trustee '"y-'i^'sd by J KCampi ,//.A^^ "^^^ ^^^ JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 445 and for several years supervisor. He was one of the founders of the Pundit club, and between 1855 ^"d 1875 contributed to it no less than twenty papers on scientific, historic, and other technical subjects, and often wrote for the press and periodicals. He was one of the most emi- nent lawyers of his time, long a leader of the bar of Western New York, a profound scholar, well versed in the classics, a man of many attain- ments, and after a successful career filled with study and good deeds died May i, 1877. He was married in October, 1828, to Elizabeth Rogers Perkins. Col. Simeon B. Jewett was born at Sharon, Litchfield county. Conn. August 12, 1801, and resided at Sharon, where he received his educa- tion. In 1820 he removed to Skaneateles, Onondaga county, N. Y. He became a student at law in the ofiice of his brother, Judge Freeborn G. Jewett, and was admitted to the bar in 1823. He settled at Clark- son, Monroe county, N. Y., and opened an office in the same year and continued to reside there and practice his profession most of his life. He was married in 1831 to Miss Nancy Cook, step-daughter of Capt. William Peck. In 1834 he formed a co-partnership with Judge Henry R. Selden, under the firm name of Jewett & Selden, which continued to 1858, when Judge Selden removed to Rochester, Monroe county. He was engaged for a short period during the years of 1835 and 1836 in a business enterprise in the state of Georgia, and organised a large lumber industry. He early became interested in politics and took an active interest in town, county, state and national elections. Always a Democrat, he was always more interested in the success of his party and in his friends than in his own advancement. He was appointed surrogate of the county of Monroe in 1845, ^"^ served during two years in that capacity; was appointed marshal of the Northern district of New York by President Buchanan soon after his inauguration, and served in that capacity for four years. He early became what was known as a Freesoiler and became identified with that wing of the Demo- cratic party. He was a man of wonderful executive ability, of untiring industry. For quickness of perception and boldness of execution he had no superior ; formed opinions at once and never afterwards hesi- tated ; always had the cour^ige of his convictions and fought to the end both in politics and law. 446 LANDMARKS OP MONROE COUNTY. As a lawyer, he had few superiors, and as a collector was known throughout the state. He was prominent in all state and national con- ventions, well acquainted with the men ol note in both the state and nation. Few men could accomplish more in moulding the policy of his party and in selecting its candidates. Socially, he was always pleasant and courteous; was a fine conversationalist and was popular with all with whom he came in contact. He was a good husband, kind father and faithful friend. lie was stricken with paralysis in 1867, and after that date retired from active business. He died in Clarkson in July, 1869, aged sixty- eight years. He left surviving him his wife, who died in April, 1883. His daughter and only child, Mary W. Jewett, is still living in the homestead at Clarkson, Monroe county, N. Y. Denton G. Shuart was born in 1805, at Plattekill, Ulster county, N. Y., and in 1807 came whith his parents to Mendon, Monroe county, one mile from Honeoye Falls. His father, Abraham Shuart, was one of the pioneers of this section of the county. Denton G. received an aca- demic education and in 1825 he returned to Ulster county for the pur- pose of studying law. In 1832 he was admitted to the bar in New York city, and shortly after began practicing at Honeoye Falls. From 1852- 1856 he was surrogate of Monroe county, and for nearly half a century was one of the prominent members of the county bar. His wife was Mary Elizabeth Barrett, daughter of Stephen Barrett, of Honeoye Falls. He had four children: Denton Barrett, who died in 1866, William H., of Rochester, N. Y., Clarence A., of Honeoye Falls, N. Y., and Irv- ing J., of Chicago, III. He died at his home in Honeo)'e Falls, N. Y., August 29, 1892. William Dean Shuart was born in the town of Mendon, Monroe county, August 11, 1827, received an academic education, and at- tended Genesee Wesleyan seminary at Lima, N. Y. He read law with D. G. Shuart, George P. Townsend, and Smith & Cornwell, of Lyons, N.Y., and afterwards entered the law school at Ballston Spa, from which place he was graduated and was admitted to practice in Schenec- tady, N. Y., in 1850. The following year he opened a law office in Rochester, and in 1863 was elected city attorney by the Common Council. In June, 1864, he was commissioned in the army as pay- A. E. SUTHERLAND. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 447 master, with rank of major, served until the close, and mustered out at Louisville, Ky., in November, 1865. He returned to Rochester and resumed his practice, and in 1867 was nominated and elected surrogate of Monroe county, twice re-elected, and served in all sixteen years. January i, 1884, he formed a partnership with Hon. William A. Suth- erland, under the firm of Shuart & Sutherland, to which Hon. Arthur E. Sutherland was subsequently admitted, but has since withdrawn. Mr. Shuart is a very successful practitioner, is authority on all cases in- volving the settlement of estates, and his decisions while surrogate were seldom reversed b}^ higher courts. He is one of the most popular men and promising lawyers in Western New York. Arthur E. Sutherland was born at Geneva, N. Y., September 20, 1862, and is the youngest son of Rev. Andrew Sutherland, a prominent clergyman who for many years was presiding elder of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the western part of this state. He attended the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, and in 1885 was graduated from Wesleyan University at Middletown, Conn., after which he read law in the office of Shuart & Sutherland in Rochester. Admitted to the bar in October, 1887, he filled for a time the position of managing clerk for his preceptors and then became a member of the firm. This partner- ship continued until his appointment as county judge of Monroe county. In November, 1893, ^^^ ^^^ elected special county judge on the Repub- lican ticket for a term of three years beginning January i, 1894, and on January 10, 1895, was appointed county judge by Governor Morton to fill the vacancy caused by the elevation of County Judge William E. Werner to the Supreme court bench. On September 21, 1895, he was unanimously nominated by the Republicans for the office of county judge for a term of six years, beginning January i, 1896. In June, 1888, he was married to Miss Nellie Reed, daughter of Frederick Reed, of Nunda, N. Y. They have three children. Judge Sutherland occupies a foremost position among the younger members of the bar of Western New York, while the firm with which he has been associated holds a prominent place in the jurisprudence of the state. The senior member, W. Dean Shuart, was for many years sur- rogate of Monroe county, and the other partner, William A. Sutherland, elder brother of the judge and the present Republican national com- 448 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. mitteeman for New York, is widely known as one of the leading lawyers of the commonwealth. Judge Sutherland's professional connection with these eminent counsellors has afforded him unusual opportunity for practice in the courts and given him a wide experience in litigation of all kinds, which has been invaluable to him in presiding at the trial of causes. As a judge he has officiated with dignity and ability ; his services on the bench have been characterised by sound judgment, thorough knowledge of law, and careful research. He has always manifested considerable interest in public matters and political affairs, taking an active part in movements that concern the general welfare and promote the material advancement of the city. He is a prominent member of various social, athletic, and fraternal organisations, and with many of them has held important and responsible official relations Thomas Raines was born at Canandaigua, Ontario county, N. Y., August 13, 1842. His father, John Raines, was born at Hull, England, in 1818, but came to Philadelphia in his infancy; later he was a farmer until his twenty-seventh year, when he entered the Methodist Episcopal ministry and became widely known in Western New York among the foremost of his religious brethren. Mrs. Raines, the mother of Thomas Raines, was Miss Mary Remington of Canandaigua. The subject of this sketch received his early education in the common schools. He began his business life as a clerk in a store at Lyons, Wayne county, N. Y. At the age of twenty-one in connection with a number of capi- talists, he organised a national bank at Geneva, which was one of the first institutions of that kind in the country. In 1867 he came to Roch- ester, and at twenty-four became the cashier of the Farmer^' and Me- chanics' National bank. At the Republican stale convention, held in Rochester in the autumn of 1871, Mr. Raines was nominated for state treasurer, and in the election following he ran largely ahead of his ticket, particularly in Monroe county. He was re-elected in 1873 as a Liberal Republican, on the Democratic ticket. He was vice-president from New York of the Cincinnati convention which nominated Horace Greeley in 1872. He was a member of the Canal board from 1872 to 1876, and as state treasurer was a commissioner of the land office and commissioner of the canal fund. Retiring from political life at the close of his second term of office, Mr. Raines took up the study of the law. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 449 at an age beyond that in which the calling is usually entered upon, and was admitted to practice at the bar in 1879. Soon after he formed a partnership with his brother George, which continued for fifteen years. His rise in his profession was rapid, and he was frequently engaged in the argument of important cases in the appellate courts. In 1884 he was appointed byGovernor Cleveland speciiil countyjudge of Monroe county. He was appointed byGovernor Hill, in May, 1890, a member of the com- mission created b}' the legislature to revise the judiciary article of the state constitution. In the early part of this present year he became associated with ex-Judge P. H. Van Auken, formerly of Seneca Falls, under the firm name of Raines & Van Auken. But with all his devotion to the profession of the law and his compliance with the demands made upon him by his extensive practice, Judge Raines is not willing to divorce himself from the service of the public. Having been appointed by Gov- ernor Cleveland, in 1883, one of the managers of the Western House of Rufuge, a child's prison, situated in this city, he became one of the most active members of the board and a powerful advocate of the advanced methods which have caused the institution under its new name of State Industrial School, and as a military and trade school, to become one of the model establishments of its kind and a potent instrument for the well being of the community. Pierson B. Hulett was born in Brighton, Monroe county, N. Y., No- vember 17, 1837. He became a student of law and was admitted to the bar December 18, 1858, at the general term in Rochester, where he has been a successful practitioner. In 1875 Mr. Hulett was elected special county judge and served in that capacity for three years, and was re-elected in 1879. In the fall of 1884 he formed a partnership with Vincent M. Smith, as Smith & Hulett, which terminated with Mr. Smith's death in May, 1886. About two years ago the present firm of Hulett & Gibbs was formed. Mr Gibbs was a student of Mr. Hulett's. George Alexander Carnahan was born in Ravenna, Ohio, May 21, 1862. He received his early education in his native town, and was graduated from the Wesleyan university of Middletown, Conn., in the class of 1884, after which he entered the office of Morgan & French, of Rochester, for the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in this city in 1886, and immediately afterward opened an office here. In 1894 57 450 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. he was elected judge of tlie Municipal court of the city of Rochester, and served on that bench until January, 1895, when he resigned to accept the appointment by Governor Morton of special county judge of Monroe county, to fill the xacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Arthur E. Sutherland. Judge Carnahan is also a member of the board of managers of the State Industiial school of Rochester. George E. Warner was born in New Haven, Cayuga county, N. Y., November 7, 1855, came to Rochester when an infant, and was edu- cated in the public schools of this city. He afterwards entered the office of H. H. Woodard as a student at law, and was admitted to the bar at the general term in Syracuse, in January, 1877, and opened an office in Rochester for the practice of general law. In 1881 he was elected judge of the Municipal court, and re-elected in 1887 and again in 1893. Mr. Warner is one of the best known attorneys in the county. John Martin Murphy was born in Lima, N. Y., March 24, 1859, and received his education at the Genesee Wesleyan seminary, from which he was graduated in June, 1870. The same year he began the study of law in the office of D. C. Feely, of Rochester, and was ad- mitted to the bar in October, 1883, when he at once commenced the general practice of his profession. Mr. Murphy has built up a good reputation as a lawyer. In 1895 he was appointed a judge of the Mu- nicipal court, at a meeting of the common council, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the late Judge Craig. Charles B. Ernst, police justice of the city of Rochester, is a son of the late Col. Louis Ernst and was born here August 16, 1854. Re- ceiving a liberal education in the schools of Rochester and graduating from Mount St. Mary's college of Maryland in 1878, he was graduated from the Albany law school in 1880, and entered the office of Judge Angle. After his admission to the bar he formed a partnership with Frank J. Hone, under the style of Hone & Ernst, which still continues. He has always taken an active interest in politics. For two terms he represented the old Fourth ward on the board of supervisors, and in 1888 was appointed city attorney by the common council and reappointed in 1890. In March, 1893, he was elected by a large majority to the office of police justice, which he still holds. In all these positions Judge Ernst has won the commendation and esteem of all JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 451 classes and parties. He is zealous member of the C. M. B. A. and I. O. R. M., and one of the best known and most popular young attor- neys of Rochester, The preceding have held judicial office in this county or city. The following have not. William F. Cogswell was born in the town of Perinton, Monroe county, September 26, 1824, was admitted to the bar in May, 1846, and has practiced his profession in Rochester ever since. William N. Cogs well, son of William F., was born in this city July 9, 1858, was gradu- ated from the university of Rochester in 1878, and studied law with his father. He was admitted to the bar in 1881, since which time he has practiced in partnership with his father, the firm being Cogswell & Cogswell. Theodore Bacon, senior member of the firm of Bacon, Briggs, Beckley & Bissell, was born at New Haven, Conn , May 6, 1834, and received the degree of B. A. from Yale college in 1853 and that of M. A. in 1856. He studied law at Clarkson, Monroe county, with the late Hon. Henry Rogers Selden and was admitted to the bar in September, 1856. In 1861 he entered the Union army as captain in the 7th Conn. Vols., one of the famous regiments of the rebellion. Since 1865 he has practiced law in Rochester, and for many years has been recognised as one of the most eminent lawyers of Western New York. John Van Voorhis is a direct descendant of Stephen Coerte Van Voorhees, who was born in Hego, Holland, in 1600, and came to America with his wife and seven children in the ship Boutekoe (spotted cow) in 1 660, settling at Flatlands, L. I., where he purchased of Cornelius Dirksen Hoogland thirty- one " morgens " of land for 3,000 guilders. He also bought a house and lot with a brewery in the village of "Ames- foort en Bergen" (Flatlands), and died in 1702. A grandson, Johannes Coerte Van Voorhis, in 1730, settled inFishkiH, Dutchess county, on a farm of 2,700 acres, for which he paid ^^70, and died in 1757. A great-grand- son of the latter was the father of John Van Voorhis and a farmer and local Methodist preacher, and settled in Decatur, Otsego county, N. Y., where the subject of this sketch was born October 22, 1826. The family later resided in Scott, Cortland county, and Spafiford, Onondaga 452 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. county, and in March, 1843, located in Mendon, Monroe county, where the father died March 26, 1867. John Van Voorhis was reared on the farm, completed his education at Genesee Wesleyan seminary, and taught district school in Victor until 1840, when he entered the law office of Hon. John W. Stebbins. He also taught Latin and mathe- matics in the East Bloomfield academy till the spring of 1852 and was admitted to the bar in December of that year. The following spring he opened a law office in Elmira in partnership with Hon. Gilbert O. Hulse and on July 4, 1854, removed to Rochester, where he has ever since resided and practiced his profession, having been for many years one of the leaders of the bar of Western New York. He was a member of the board of education from the Fifth ward in 1857, city attorney in 1859, internal revenue collector of this district in 1862, delegate to the National Republican convention at Baltimore in 1864, and elected rep- resentative in congress in 1878, 1880, and again in 1892. For thirty- five years he practiced law in partnership with his brother, Quincy Van Voorhis, the firm name being J. & Q. Van Voorhis, and for the past few years with his sons Eugene and Charles, under the style of John Van Voorhis & Sons. In 1858 he married Frances Aristine. daughter of Martin Galusha and granddaughter of Jonas Galusha, governor of Ver- mont for nine consecutive terms. Nathaniel Foote, son of Nathaniel Foote, was born in Morrisville, N. Y., November 15, 1849. ^^ received his early education in his native town, after which he entered the Cazenovia seminary, where he remained for two years, when he entered the Genesee Wesleyan seminary at Lima, N. Y., and was graduated in 1866; in 1870 he was graduated from Hamilton college as bachelor of arts ; he then became instructor of classics at the Monticello academy, where he remained one year, after which he began the practice of law in his native town and formed a partnership with John E. Smith, which continued until July, 1873, when he came to Rochester and opened an office Mr. Foote is recog- nised as one of the leading attorneys of Western New York. January 10, 1872, he married Charlotte, daughter of the late James C. Campbell, of this city. Mr. Foote was for three years a member of the law firm of Foote & Haven, with offices in the Granite building of Rochester. He was one of the delegates from this senatorial district to the con- JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 453 stitutional convention, which made and submitted to the people the revised constitution of the state which was adopted in 1894. On the organisation of the Rochester Bar association in 1893, Mr, Foote was chosen as its president and was re-elected to the same office the follow- ing year. Charles S. Baker, who was born February 18, 1839, at Churchville, Monroe county, N. Y., received his early education in the district schools of this county, at Oakfield, Genesee county, Gary Gollegiate seminary, and Genesee Wesleyan seminary at Lima. During 1857 he taught school, at the same time studying law, preparing himself for his future profession. For several years prior to his admission he pur- sued his studies in the ofhce of Judge Danforth up to i860, when he was admitted to the bar and immediately commenced practice in Roch- ester. At the opening of the war he entered the service and served during the first year as first lieutenant of Go. E, 27th N. Y. Vols. He was disabled at the first battle of Bull Run, in consequence of which he was compelled to resign from the service. Returning to Rochester he resumed the practice at which he has been successfully engaged ever since. Mr. Baker has always taken an interest in affairs of state. He was a member of the board of supervisors for 1879, 1880 and 1882, elected to the state senate and served with distinction during 1883-4, and then elected to congress, serving through the 48th. 49th, and 51st sessions, winning additional fame and honors. In 1861 he married Miss Jane E., only daughter of Silas A. Yerkes, of Lima, formerly of Rochester. They have five sons: Charles A., a graduate of Rochester university ; Leigh Y., a graduate of Michigan university and a practicing physi- cian in Washington as a specialist of the eye and ear ; Cornelius B., of Kansas ; and William J. and Harold Hill. Martin W. Cooke, son of William W. Cooke, was born in the village of Whitehall, N. Y., March 2, 1840, attended the Whitehall academy and a grammar school in Rochester, and at the age of fifteen entered the university in this cit)', from which he was graduated with degree of A.B. in i860, and from which he received the degree of A.M. in 1863. He studied law under the late Judge Henry R. Selden, was admitted to the bar in 1863, and in 1865 formed a partnership with Hon. Sanford 454 LAND^^ARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. E. Church, wliich continued until 1870, at which time Mr. Church was elected chief judge of the court of Appeals. In 1880 he was appointed one of the examiners of applicants for admission to the bar, a position he held by reappointment for fourteen years, being chairman of the board most of the time. He is a member of the executive committee of the New York State Bar association, of which he has been treasurer and president. He is the official attorney of the university of Rochester and for many )'ears a member of its board of trustees and of the Phi Beta Kappa society ; a close student of art, literature, and science, and a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1888 he published a book entitled " The Human Mystery in Hamlet," and has contributed numerous other writings meeting with much favora- ble comment. In the fall of 1889 he was nominated by the New York Republican convention for the office of state comptroller, and, although defeated, his vote greatly exceeded that of the head of his ticket. Mr. Cooke has successfully practiced his profession in Rochester since 1863, and has long been recognised as one of the prominent members of the New York state bar. In 1866 he married Miss Augusta W. Buell, daughter of Mortimer Buell, of Rochester. David Hays was born in Rochester, N. Y., November 28, 1858. At an early age he attended the grammar schools in New York city, and in 1 874 the Free academy of Rochester, and graduated from the Roch- ester university in 1878, after which he took a course in political science at the university of Berlin, and was a graduate of the Columbian law school in the class of 1881, at which time he was admitted to the bar. In January, 1883, he became a partner of James B. Perkins, which partnership continued until the removal of Mr. Perkins to France in August, 1890, and was renewed in August, 1895, o" the return of Mr. Perkins to Rochester. Walter S. Hubbell was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, December 24, 1850, and is a son of Charles Hubbell, now of San Diego, Cal., and Anna M., his wife, who was a daughter of Oren Sage, formerly of Rochester. When he was three years old his parents moved to Keokuk, Iowa, where he lived until 1866, when he came to Rochester and entered the university, from which, after winning a number of prizes, he was grad- uated in 1 87 1, being first in his class. A few years later he received JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 455 the degree of A. M. He studied law with Hon. George F. Danforth, late judge of the court of Appeals, and was admitted to the bar in Jan- uary, 1876. He practiced his profession alone until December i, 1890, when he formed his present partnership with Horace McGuire. Mr. Hubbell was elected member of assembly in 1884 and again in 1885, and next to General Erwin was the strongest candidate for speaker of the session for the latter year. By Speaker Erwin he was made chair- man of the committee on general laws, and also placed upon the judi- ciary committee. He has always taken a firm stand upon the important questions of municipal reform, taxation, and high license, of which he was the recognised leader in the assembly of 1885, and through which he has since received such universal accessions of strength. He is a trustee of the university of Rochester, the New York Baptist union for ministerial education, the Rochester Orphan asylum, and the First Baptist church of Rochester. In June, 1877, he was married to Leora, daughter of Judge D. B. De Land, of Fairport, and they have five daughters. George Harvey Humphrey, son of the late Judge Harvey Humphrey (which see), was born in Rochester on March 21, 1830, and received his rudimentary education in the public schools under Professor Perry. He studied law in the office of his father, for whom he acted as manag- ing clerk, and was admitted to the bar in 185 i. The same year he formed a partnership with his father, which continued until his father's death in 1877; since then he has practiced his profession alone. Mr. Humphrey has attained considerable distinction as an author, and is a frequent contributor to magazines and other periodicals. He is the author of "The Law of the Protestant Episcopal Church and other Prominent Ecclesiastical Bodies," which was first issued in 1887, and is now in its fourth edition. As an essayist and poet he has won no little fame at home and abroad. John Charles O'Brien was born in Rochester, N. Y., May 8, 1838. In June, 1856, he was graduated from Hobart college with the degree of B. A., and in 1881 received the degree of Master of Arts. He read law with Judge Cliarles J. Folger, of Geneva, N. Y., and in 1863 was graduated from the Albany law school, where he received the degree of LL.B., and also passed the general term examination, and subse- 456 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. quently was admitted to the United States District and Circuit courts. He was acting assistant district attorney under William II. Bowman and C. C. Davison. He was the first supervisor of the Fifteenth ward, and for the S'.cond term was nominated on both the Democratic and Repub- lican tickets, but declined to accept the office January 31, 1867, he married Agnes E. O'Leary, of Ontario, by whom he had six children. Two of his sons have been graduated from the university of Toronto, and one from Cornell university. The oldest son is to be associated with his f.ither in the practice of law in this city. Mr. O'Brien's prac- tice has been chietly in the drawing of wills, the settlement of estates, and as referee. Daniel Beers Beach was born in Temple street, New Haven, Conn., November 14, 1822, and received his preliminary education in his native city. Reared under the influences of that historic seat of learn- ing, he became a private tutor in families in Brunswick county, Va , and Rockingham county, N C. He was graduated from Yale college in the class of 1842 and from the law department of that institution in 1845, being admitted to the bar of that state in August following. The same year he removed to Rochester, N. Y., and was admitted to the New York state bar at Albany in January, 1847. ^^^ began the practice of his profession at Rochester immediately afterwards. In 1867 he temporarily returned to his old home in New Haven and prac- ticed law there till the spring of 1871, when he again came to Roches- ter, where he has ever since resided and followed his chosen profession. He served as supervisor of the then Seventh ward of Rochester in 1865, being elected on the Republican ticket. Except this, he has given his attention almost exclusively to his business. June i, 1853, Mr. Beach married Miss Loraine Rogers, of Lockport, and has had two sons and four daughters, of whom three daughters are living. John Hampden Hopkins was born in Rochester, June 20, 1852, and in 1872 was graduated from Hamilton college. He read law in the office of Cox & Avery, of Auburn, N.Y., and later entered the Albany law school, from which he was graduated in 1875 Returning to Auburn he practiced law until 1877, when he came to Rochester, where he has since followed his chosen profession. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 457 John N. Beckley was born in Clarendon, Orleans county, N. Y., De- cember 30, 1848, and was educated at the Brockport Collegiate insti- tute, the Genesee Wesleyan seminary, and Genesee college. After leaving college he became principal of the public schools of Lanesboro and Rushford, Minn , where he remained two years. In 1872 he began the study of law with Wakeman & Watson at Batavia, N. Y., and was admitted to the bar at Buffalo in June, 1875. He returned to Batavia, where he practiced his profession two years, and then removed to Roch- ester. In 1882 he was appointed city attorney and was reappointed in 1884 and again reappointed in 1886, and after the last reappointment he became a member of the law firm of Bacon, Briggs & Beckley. He was one of the prime movers in the reorganization of the street railroad system in this city and upon the incorporation of the Rochester Rail- way company was elected its first vice-president and secretary. In 1890 he became president of the company and still holds that position. In 1875 he was married to Miss Belle, , daughter of Stephen M. Corwin of Brighton, N. Y. Mr. Beckley has proven his ability as one of the most able attorneys in Rochester. Adolph J. Rodenbeck, corporation counsel, was born in Rochester, and has always lived in the old Twelfth ward. He was graduated from the Free academy in 1 88 1, and from the university of Rochester in 1885, taking at the latter institution the Dewey prize in declamation in his sophomore year, and the first oratorical prize and first scholarship upon graduation. He then began the study of law in Rochester in the office of Henry G. Danforth, and finished in an office in New York city, and was admitted to the bar in Brooklyn in 1887. After an extended trip abroad he settled permanently in Rochester, where he has since prac- ticed his profession with signal success. He is one of the most brilliant young lawyers of the city, and has achieved no little distinction. Prom- inent and popular in political and social circles, he was appointed second assistant under city attorney Ernst, and first assistant under C. D. Kiehei, and on April i, 1895, received the appointment of corporation counsel a position he fills with rare ability. He is a member of the D. K. E college fraternity, Genesee Falls lodge F. & A. M., Aurora lodge I. O. O. F., Down Town Republican club, the Genesee Valley, Monroe, and Rochester Whist clubs, the Monroe County Historical society, and the 58 458 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. New York State and Rochester Bar associations, a trustee of the Memorial Lutheran college, and secretary of the Central RepubHcan club. Charles M. Wilhams was born in Rochester, N. Y., April 30, 185 i, eldest son of Charles H., and grandson of Rev. Comfort Williams, the first settled pastor of Rochester, N. Y. Mr. Williams received his early- education at the Free academy of this city and was graduated from the university of Rochester in 1871, at whicii lime he entered the office of E. A. Raymond, as a student at law ; he was afterward in the law office of Hon. John Van Voorhis, and was admitted to the bar in 1875, ^^ which time he entered into co-partnership with J. R. Fanning, for the practice of general law. In 1879 he was elected school commissioner of the Sixth ward, being nominated by both parties. In 1888 Mr. Williams was elected a member of the board of trustees of the univers- ity of Rochester, and has been its secretary and treasurer since 1891. Horace G. Pierce, son of Samuel Pierce, was born in Webster, Mon- roe county, August 24, 1853. Samuel Pierce, a native of Penfield, was a son of Seth Pierce, who came here from Vermont and died suddenly in the old New England House about 1840 ; he was a farmer and con- tractor, and constructed the Dugvvay roads near Irondequoit. Samuel Pierce resides in Webster, where he formerly took a very active interest in political affairs. Horace G. Pierce prepared for college at the old Doolittle institute, at Weathersfield Springs, N. Y., and at Wilson's Collegiate institute, in Rochester, from which he was graduated in 1870. Graduating from the university of Rochester in 1874, he read law with A. J. Wilkin, and was admitted to the bar at the Rochester general term in April, 1877, after which he formed a partnership with Thomas D. Wilkin, as Wilkin & Pierce, which continued for ten years. Since tiien he has practiced his profession alone. Mr. Pierce is an active Republi- can, and since 1878, excepting two years, has been a member of the county committee, representing the Fifteenth (formerly the Eleventh) ward, and serving as chairman in 1890, 1891, and 1892. He is also a member of the West Side Sewer commission, and has always mani- fested a deep interest in the prosperit}- of the city. July 25, 1889. ^^^ married Miss Nettie, daughter of George M. Sellinger, of Rochester. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 459 Elbridge L. Adams is a son of Hon. William H. Adams, of Canan- daigua, N. Y., a justice of the Supreme court and one of the eminent lawyers of the state, and was born in that village September 17, 1866. He was graduated from Canandaigua Academy in 1882 and from Will- iams College in 1887, and is a member of the Delta Psi Fraternity. He read law in the office of Smith, Oliver & Smith in Rochester and was admitted to the bar in this city in 1889. The same year he began the practice of his profession and has since successfully con- tinued it. He is a member of the New York State Bar association and one of its committee on law reform ; was a charter member of the Rochester Bar association, its first secretary, and one of its com- mittee on judiciary and legal reform ; and a member of the Genesee Valley club and the examining board of Civil service of Rochester. Anson Stuart McNab was born in Toronto, Canada, July 17, 1863, of Scotch American parents. His parental grandfather was for many years prior to his death attorney- general for the province of Nova Scotia, and his mother's father was a native of Middlebury, Schoharie county, N. Y. His parents both died when he was very young, and he was reared and educated by his maternal grandfather. In 1878 he moved to Saratoga Springs, N. Y., where he read law in the office of Hon. John R. Putnam, now justice of the Supreme court for that dis- trict. He subsequently studied with Hon. Amasa J Parker, formerl}' judge of the court of Appeals, at Albany, and in the latter part of 1883 came to Rochester, where he finished his legal studies in the office of Hon. John S. Morgan, then county judge of Monroe county. He was admitted to the bar October 17, 1884, ^"d has since continued in the practice of his profession. His most active attention has been given in criminal law. Since his admission he has won five homicide ca-^es, two of which were won this year (1895), namely, the Covert murder trial at Spencerport, and tlie trial of Patrick Gavin, who was held for the mur- der of Howard I. Abbott, at Charlotte. Mr. McNab is a member of the Supreme lodge Knights of Pythias of the world, and of the Supreme Castle Knights of the Golden P^agle of the world, and the present representative of that order for the state of New York. He is also a member of Cyrene commandery, K. T., and Rochester consistory, 32° .-. of the Masonic fraternity. On March 21, 460 LANDMARKS OP MONROE COUNTY. 1888, he married Miss Cora Eliza, youngest daughter of Henry S. Hebard, of Rochester, who died August 15, 1895, leaving an infant son, Henry Anson. Mr. McNab has the reputation of being one (^f the brightest criminal lawyers in Western New York, on a number of occasions having been called away from home to defend important cases. His power is due to oratorical ability, easy manners, fine ph}sique, and great command of language, which carry his hearers with him on themes that he debates, and makes him a dangerous opi)onent in any contested legal proceeding. Philetus Chamberlain was born in Rose, Wayne count}', N. Y., April 14, 1854, and received his education at the Genesee Wesleyan semi- nary, of Lima, N. Y., and Syracuse university. Choosing law as his profession he began his studies in the office of Martindale 81 Oliver, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar at the general term in October, 1870. He began practice in this city, and has been more than success- ful. He is a leading factor in and a hard worker for the Republican party, and is actively identified with a number of charitable societies and various other organisations of the city, where he is well and popu- larly known. Richard E. White was born in Mansfield, Mass., June 12, 1848, and in 1855 removed with his parents to the town of Wheatland, Monroe county. He received his education in the district schools of that town, at Ealley seminary in Fulton, Oswego county, and at the Brockport Normal school. He read law in the office of Joseph A. Stull, of Roch- ester, and was admitted to the bar at the general term of the Supreme court in Buffalo in June, 1875. He immediately began the practice of his profession in Rochester, where he has since been eminently success- ful. While George A. Benton was district attorney of Monroe county Mr. White was associated with him in partnership. He has been an elder of St. Peter's Presbyterian church for the past fifteen years and clerk of the session for six years. Charles Roe is a native of Long Island. He received an education at Oberlin college and Johns Hopkins university. He read law in the office of Theodore Bacon and J. B. Perkins, attended the Columbia law school and was admitted to the bar at New York city in 1883 He JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 461 returned to Rochester in 1884 and commenced the practice of law, which he has since followed. Jacob Spahn was born in the city of Wartzburg, kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, February 24, 1849, ^^ military stock and the second son of Andrew Spahn, soldier and revolutionist, who was compelled to flee from his native land the same year and was himself the son of a veteran under Napoleon who survived the retreat from Moscow. He received his primary education in the public schools of New York city. The elder Spahn was for many years a manufacturer of mouldings, in busi- ness with the late overseer of the poor, Joseph Schutte, on State and Water streets, prior to 1 875. He settled in Rochester in 1862, where Jacob Spahn entered college and graduated from its university in 1870, having made his mark to some extent in literature, for in liis junior year a sketch, "The Prince Suwarow," which he had written, appeared in the Galaxy Magazine. Like his brother, Louis Spahn, of the Chicago bar, he secured the first Davis medal of his year for oratory in his class on commencement day. During his college course he joined the Theta Delta Chi fraternity and was its orator twice in 1873 and 1883. He was appointed major and engineer of the 25th Brigade National Guard April 21, 1877, by Governor Lucius Robinson. Upon leaving college he became a journalist, working successfully upon the staffs of the Union and Advertiser and the old Chronicle, whose city editor he became and remained until that paper's consolidation with the Democrat in 1872. He was admitted to the bar in Buffalo, N. Y, June 21, 1871, after read- ing law with Hon. Francis A. Macomber, afterward a justice of the Supreme court. In 1878 he became one of the organisers and secre- tary of the big Genesee Brewing company at Rochester. At about the same time he began to take an interest in local politics and was nomi- nated unanimously for member of assembly by the city convention, but declined the honor. The same year he was appointed to write and deliver the poem before the associate alumni of the university of Roch- ester. From 1878 to 1881 he ofificiated as military editor of the Sun- day edition of the Democrat and Chronicle. As such he allowed many criticisms upon the local military to appear and was in consequence court-martialed and cashiered from military rank after a long trial, cov- ering thirty sessions of the court, prosecuted against him by Hon. George 462 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Raines, then the judge advocate ; but he secured a review of the case by writ of certiorari froni tlie Supreme court, which reversed tlie sentence and reinstated him. From this decision an unsuccessful appeal was taken by the adjutant-general. Major Spahn had for a short period theretofore ofificiated as temporary judge advocate of the local military and is still an officer in the National Guard S. N. Y., having been hon- orably retired from active service by order of Adjutant- General Josiah Porter in 1886. His court- marshal case now constitutes a precedent in military law. He has a commission as colonel. Since his retirement from journalism he has written many sketches and done general literary work for the magazines, among others the Galaxy, Harper's, Green Bag, Albany Law Journal, &c., besides the local papers. His law practice is general and mainly confined to Germans, among whom it is very extensive and must have been successful because he is a large tax-payer. As the oldest practitioner of German extraction in Monroe county he is the dean of that nationality among the lawyers. One of his principal cases was to defeat the Rochester and Glen Haven Railroad company from condemning the premises of Ferdinand Grisbel under the right of eminent domain in a proceeding begun in the Supreme court, which is always a rare victory under the railroad law. The case is reported in 14 N. Y. Supplement 848. He also established the pioneer precedent in the state with reference to the police powers of cities as to shade trees on streets and their removal under city ordinance, in the case of Ellison vs. Allen reported in the 6"] State Reporter 274. h'or man}' years he has been a discriminating book buyer, and now possesses not only a law library containing with one exception every decision pub- lished in the state, but one of the largest collections of standard miscel- laneous literature in the city. As a tax- payer his frequent denuncia- tions of alleged municipal extravagance and mismanagement have fur- nished him quite a political following Nominations for office are from time to time tendered him by his friends and neighbors, but up to date he has shown no inclination for public life. At present he figures as cliair- man of a permanent good government club irrespective of party, formed from among the leading citizens in the 6th, 8th and i6th wards, and as such he was authorised to call a meeting any time for action at tiie election polls in these wards. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 463 James S. Garlock was born in Parma, N. Y., January 4, 1836. He attended the public schools and later became a student at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, N. Y., then entered the Genesee College, and later attended the Satterlee & Dexter Collegiate Institute in Roch- ester. Upon choosing law as his profession he entered the office of Joseph A, Stull, and was admitted to the bar in i860, at which time he began to practice in Rochester. In 1863 Mr. Garlock raised a company of cavalry for the 24th Regt. New York State Vols., and was mustered in as first lieutenant and commissary of the regiment. In 1864 he re- signed his office and resumed the practice of his profession. He is re- garded as one of the leading attorneys of the county. William Butler Crittenden was born in Deerfield, Mass., August 5, 1 861, at the Memorial hall, which was then Deerfield academy, of which his father. Cotton M. Crittenden (formerly librarian of the court of ap- peals library at Rochester), was principal. He received his education from his father, who moved to Rochester in 1853. He studied law in the Boston University law school, was upon the reportorial staff of the Boston Journal from 1872 to 1874, and was admitted to the bar in 1875, at Rochester, N. Y., where he has since practiced his profession. Frank J. Hone was born in Rochester, August 9, 1857, ^"d is a son of Alexander B. Hone His early education was received in private schools of this city ; in 1879 he was graduated from Seton Hall college, of South Orange, New Jersey, at which time he began the study of law in the office of Rowley & Johnson, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar at the general term in October, 1 881. In 1884 he formed a co- partnership for the practice of law with Charles B. Ernst, which has since continued, and upoti Mr. Ernst being appointed city attorney Mr. Hone was associated with him as assistant city attorney, and while holding that position he was acting counsel for the board of park com- missioners of Rochester, and of the board of health of this city. Upon retiring from the office of assistant city attorney he was appointed at- torney of the board of health, which position he still retains. John A. Barhite was bom in Auburn, N. Y., January 11, 1857, and when quite young moved with his parents to Hopewell, N. Y. He at- tended the Canandaigua academy and was graduated in June, 1876. Remaining at home until the fall of 1877, he then entered the tini- 464 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. versity of Rochester, from whicli institution lie was graduated in I 88 1. He then read law in the office of Theodore Bacon, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar at the Buffalo general term in 1883. Mr. ]5ar- hite is an active worker for the Re[)ublican party and was a delegate to the national convention in Minneapolis in 1892. He has held a nuni ber of prominent offices and many positions of trust, which, by his ex- tensive knowledge of public affairs, he has honorably and efficiently filled. lie was a delegate from the old Twenty- eigiith senatorial dis- trict, comprising tlie county of Monroe, to the constitutional convention in 1894 and is a member of Frank R. Lawrence lodge, F. and A. M., Hamilton chapter, and Monroe commandery, KisHngbury lodge. No. 257, K. of P., the Rochester Whist club, etc. Myron T. HI\', son of John E. Bly, was born in Henrietta, Monroe county, N. Y. He pre[)ared for college at the Genesee Wesleyan sem- inary, and entering the university of Rochester in 1876 was graduated in June, 1880 He paid the expenses of his education by his own labor. During the first part of his collegiate course he filled a reporter's position on the Rochester Morning Herald. Later, he became editor of the Sunday Morning Herald, which post-he continued to hoUl unti' his graduation. Immediately after graduation he began tiie study of law, and was adnn'tted to the Monroe count}' bar in 1882. He began to practice in Rochester immediately afterward, and has built up a large and lucrative business. Mr. Bly's journaHstic work, originalls' entered upon for the purpose of paj'ing college expenses, has produced other results. During his senior year in college, besides attending to his col- lege work and editing a weekly pa{)er, he contested for and won the highest literary prize of the university. While studj'ing law he pre- pared a series of articles on " Milling Law and Legislation," which were published in the American Miller during the year 1881. In the same year he wrote for the American Tanner a serial story entitled " My Tan- nerville Client" During the four years from 1885 to 1889 he wrote monthly articles for the Boston Fath-Jinder, under the title: "Legal Hints for Travelers." He has written two text-bo(jks for use in acade- mies. The first, " A Treatise on Business Law," was publish.ed in 1891. In 1893 came " Descriptive Economics." The latter has attracted wide attention among educators. Mr. Bly is one of the esteemed business men of Rochester and is known as a careful, conscientious attorney. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 465 Zachary P. Taylor was born in Oneida county, N. Y., February 8, 1846, removed with his parents to Clarendon, Orleans county, and was educated in the Brockport Collegiate institute, now the State Normal school, from which institution he was graduated in 1864. After teach- ing school one year he entered the university of Rochester and was graduated in 1869. He was then for two and one- half years instructor of classics in the Buffalo Central high school, and later held the same position in the Central high school of Cleveland, Ohio. In the mean- time he read law in the offices of Wadsworth & White, of Buffalo, and Judge Jesse P. Bishop, of Cleveland, and was graduated from the Cleve- land law school in 1872, being valedictorian of his class, which com- prised twenty six members. He was principal of the West and Central high schools of Cleveland until 1883, when he came to Rochester as principal of the Free academy, which position he acceptably filled until the fall of 1886, when he resumed the practice of his profession in Roch- ester. He is now senior member of the law firm of Taylor & Marsh. Mr. Taylor has been actively identified with the Prohibition party, working and speaking for its cause, and was its candidate for state sen- ator in 1887, when he received a very flattering vote. He was lay del- egate to the general conference of the M. E church held in New York city in May, 1888, and was a member of the committee of five which prepared a resolution to be submitted to the subordinate conferences as to whether women should be admitted as lay representatives to the general body. December 29, 1875, he married Miss Mary E , daughter of the late Hiram Davis, of Rochester, and they have had four children: Mortimer D. (who died August 2, 1892, aged fifteen), and Herbert R., Helen, and Marion, aged respectively fourteen, eight, and six years. Darius A. Marsh was born in Geneseo, N. Y., December 19, 1866, and is a nephew of the late Darius A. Ogden, of Penn Yan, N. Y., who was twice appointed minister to Honolulu under Democratic adminis- trations. He was graduated from the Geneseo State Normal school in 1886, being president and valedictorian of his class as well as president of the Delphic society, the oldest fraternity of the school. He afterward took a special course at the university of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and then began the study of law in the office of Judge Solomon Hubbard, of Geneseo, and was admitted to the bar, shortly after he became of 59 466 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ,age, at Grand Rapids, Mich., where he practiced two years, when he came to Rochester and resumed his practice, holding the position of managing clerk in the office of Judge George F. Danforth and Henry Danforth until January i, 1894. He then became the junior member of the firm of Taylor & Marsh, doing business in the German Insurance building. Mr, Marsh is attorney for a number of large corporations, and is an extensive dealer in real estate. He is a member of Rochester lodge, No. 660, F. & A. M., the Rochester Whist club, and the Mon- roe County Bar association. Unlike his distinguished uncle, Mr. Ogden, Mr. Marsh is a staunch Republican. Christopher C. Werner, son of William and brother of Hon. William E. Werner, was born in Buffalo, N. Y. , November 27, 1859, and re- ceiv^ed his education in the public and select German schools of that city. In 1 88 1 he entered the law ofifice of his brother in Rochester and was admitted to the bar in January. 1885, at the Buffalo general term. He practiced his profession in partnership with Hon. William E. Werner until the latter's election to the Supreme court bench in the fall of 1894, when he formed his present copartnership with George H. Harris, a former student who was admitted from their ofifice, under the firm name of Werner & Harris. Mr. Werner is a prominent member of Yonondio lodge, No. 165, F. & A. M., Hamilton chapter. No. 62, R. A. M., Mon- roe commandery, No. 12, K. T., and Rochester City lodge K. P. Merton E. Lewis was born in Webster, Monroe county, Decem- ber 10, 1 86 1. He attended the Webster Union school and was graduated in 1882. He read law with James B. Perkins, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar in this city in June, 1887. In 1890 he was elected alderman of the Sixteenth ward, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of H. G. Thayer; he was re elected in 1891 as alder- man of the Eighteenth ward, and in 1895 became mayor on the resig- nation of George W. Aldridge. In 1886 he married Adeline L. Moody, of Webster, N. Y, who died June 9, 1894, leaving two sons, Donald and Roscoe. He was elected president of the common council in 1894, and is also president of the Riverside Cemetery association. His father, who was born in New Jersey in 1 826, and now resides with his son in this city, was one of the early settlers of Wayne county. Merton E. Lewis was elected delegate to the national convention in 1 894, and is the senior member of the law firm of Lewis & Jack. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 467 Lewis H. Jack, born August 24, 1869, in Livonia, Livingston county, was graduated from Genesee Wesleyan seminary in 1889. In April, 1890, he came to Rochester and began the study of law in the office of Sullivan & Morris, and was admitted June 9, 1-892, at the Buffalo gen- eral term. He practiced his profession alone in Rochester about one year, and in October, 1893, formed a partnership with Hon. Merton E. Lewis, as Lewis & Jack, which still continues. His practice has been successful and varied. The first year he defended his first criminal case and secured the acquittal of Patrick O'Hara, who was indicted for the murder of John Theiss. Since then he has successfully conducted sev- eral criminal and civil cases. Mr. Jack is a member of Yonondio lodge, No. 163, F. & A. M., Col. J P. Cleary camp. Sons of Veterans, and of Walioo tribe, L O. R. M. His father, John Jack, enlisted in Co. C, 36th N. Y. Vols., in 1861, and served until the war closed, being promoted second lieutenant after the battle at Gettysburg, and being transferred from the iith Army Corps, Army of the Potomac, to Sher- man's army, with which he marched to the sea. Charles A. Keeler was born in Rockford, 111., July 7, 1846, and when quite young came to Western New York with his parents, where he re- ceived a preliminary education. He entered the Genesee Wesleyan seminary at Lima, and took a special course preparatory to the study of law. He read law with Judge Homer A. Nelson, afterwards secre- tary of state, of Poughkeepsie, N. Y., and later with C. H. Holmes, of Albion, N. Y., and was admitted to the bar in Buffalo, general term, in 1867. He began the practice of his profession at Albion the same year, and in 1870 he was appointed clerk of the Orleans county Surrogate's court, which position he faithfully filled for seven years, when he re- ceived the nomination for district attorney, and was elected by a large majority. He held that office until 1881, and in 1880 was appointed by Gov. Lucius Robinson a member of the board of managers of the Batav^ia Blind asylum, but never acted as such. He removed to Roch- ester in 1882, and in 1893 became the senior member of the law firm of Keeler & Marsh with offices in the Chamber of Commerce building. He was employed as special counsel in building the bridge across the Ohio river at Cairo, 111., and the bridge at Memphis, Tenn., across the Mississippi, and also the bridge at Alton, 111., and many other large 468 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. public and railroad works in several states and Canada. He is a thirty- second degree Mason, being a member of Yonondio lodge, F. & A. M., and Rochester consistory and Damascus Temple. Ednor A. Marsh, son of Albert L., was born in West Sparta, Living- ston county, N. Y., and when an infant removed with his parents to Geneseo, where he received his rudimentary education. He was grad- uated from the Genesee Wesleyan seminary in Lima, in 1887, being at the time class orator and president of the Lyceum society. He read law in the offices of Judge Solomon Hubbard, of Geneseo, and Keeler & Salisbury, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar in 1890. The same year he commenced the practice of his profession in partnership with C. J. Browning, in Rochester, with whom he remained until Janu- ary I, 1890, when he was appointed surrogate's clerk, and after accept- ably serving in that capacity for two years, he resigned to accept the appointment of deputy county clerk, which position he held until the spring of 1893, when he became a member of the law firm of Keeler, Salisbury & Marsh. This partnership was dissolved in April, 1895, by the retirement of Mr. Salisbury, and since then the firm has been styled Keeler & Marsh. Mr. Marsh is a prominent attorney, and is regarded as one of the leaders of the Republican party in Monroe county He was one of the organisers and the first president of the Young Men's Republican league, and held that office two terms. He is a member of Rochester lodge. No. 660, F. & A. M., the Rochester Whist club, and the Rochester Athletic club. James E. Briggs was born April 22, 1835, ^t Willianistown, Vt. His ancestors were of Puritan stock, coming to this country among the earliest emigrants to the Massachusetts Bay colony. His grandparents were Amasa Briggs, and Rhoda Wright, his wife. His father was James W. Briggs, recently deceased in Rochester, and among his relatives were Silas Wright, governor of New York and United States senator, and Governor Briggs of Massachusetts. The subject of this sketch was the oldest of nine children. His early education was in the common schools and at the Newbury seminary and Collegiate institute, where he fitted to enter college in the junior year. At this time, No- vember, 1856, he was induced to accept the position of principal of the Arsenal street school, VVatertown, N. Y. He was then twenty- one JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 469 years of age, and filled the position for five years, devoting all his spare time to the study of law. When, in the fall of 1861, the second call for volunteers was made, Mr. Briggs resigned his position in the high school and raised Co. H, 94th N. Y. Vols., and was mustered in as captain. In March, 1862, after passing the winter in drill at Sackett's Harbor, N. Y., he left with his regiment for the front. The train conveying the regiment jumped the track at Tivoli on the Hudson river division of the N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R., and fell into the river. Captain Briggs was among the injured, and was left at the New York city hospital. He soon joined the regiment at Washington, which had then been ordered to Alexandria to guard that city, of which he had been appointed provost marshal. McClellan's army was then reorganising and moving to Fortress Monroe via transports from Alexandria, and the captain's duties were without cessation night or day until he was taken with typhoid fever in April, 1862, and recovered consciousness in the general hospital ten days later. After his partial recovery he again joined the regiment in the Shenandoah valley, and was put on regimental and general court martial duty until August, 1862. Then he was obliged to resign, chronic diarrhoea and ulceration of the bowels following the fever. In October, 1863, still suffering from the disease, he attended Albany law school, graduated in May, 1864, when he went to Newark, Wayne county, and entered upon the practice of law, which he con- tinued with uniform success until 1883. In 1879 he was appointed gen- eral manager and treasurer of the Ontario Southern railroad, of which he had been the attorney for seven years, from its construction. After the sale of the railroad he organized the Lawyers Co-operative Publish- ing company, of which he became president. This company has ex- pended over $200,000 per year in the publication of law books for the last twelve years. In 1858 he was married to Marcia Hebard, of Randolph, Vt., who died in September, 1884. They had five children, of whom four are living, all in Rochester, viz.: William H., John S., Benjamin R., and Susan M. Harlan H. died in 1878, aged six years. In September, 1886, he married Mrs. Susan B. Seeley, his present wife. With his wife and three younger children he lives at No. ^2 Lake View Park, Rochester, N. Y, 470 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Mr. BrigL,fs has never accepted political office, although often offered it, and notwithstanding a constant and lively interest in all that pertains to good government. His close attention to business and uniform per- sistence and success in what he has undertaken has resulted in the accumulation of a competence which consists largely in real estate. He is actively engaged in the development of the International, North and South American Tran.sportation and Express company organised in Maine in January, 1895, but with headquarters established in Roches- ter, and of which he has been elected president. Its capital stock is five million dollars and its offices are in the new Chamber of Commerce building. Charles M. Allen was born in Rochester, X, V., October 9, 1845, and was graduated from the Rochester High school in 1863, at which time he entered the univer.sity of Rochester, from which he was graduated with high honors in 1867. He then attended the law school of Phila- delphia for one j'ear, when he commenced the study of law in the office of Hon. William Farrer, of Rochester. He was admitted to the bar at the Rochester general term in December, 1868, and immediately began the practice of his profession. He has been in constant and successful practice in this city, and has been attorney for the Genesee National Savings and Loan association since March, 1892. This association was incorporated in March, 1891, and considering its age has developed into one of the most extensive and successful fiduciary organisations in the state, representing a subscribed capital stock of $2,000,000. Mr. Allen has passed all the chairs in the I. O. O. F , is a member of the Roch- ester Whist club and the Bar association, and has been treasurer of Ideal Union, No. 592 E. A. U., since its inception in 1887. He is the son of the late Newel Allen, D. D. S., the oldest dentist, at the time of his death in 1878, in Western New York. Daniel W, Forsyth was born in Caledonia, September 22, 1856. He received his early education in his native town and later became a stu- dent at the Geneseo Normal school, after which he entered the Bennett Medical college, where, in 1880, he received the degree of M. D. He practiced medicine at Hammond, Indiana, where he was coroner of Lake county in 1878-9, and afterwards at Dowagiac, Mich , where he was elected city treasurer. He then began the study of law, was in 1884 JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. * 471 admitted to the bar in Michigan, and two years afterwards, upon ex amination, became an attorney and counsellor-at-law in New York- state, located in Rochester, where he has since practiced his profession. He is a member of the law firm of Forsyth Brothers, who have a wide reputation as lawyers. In 1887 he was appointed assistant district at- torney of Monroe county, under George A. Benton, district attorney ; in 1 89 1 he was nominated and elected school commissioner of the Eighth ward, which ofifice he held until the passage of the Twentieth ward bill by the legislature in 1892, which terminated his service as school com- missioner. In the spring of that year he was elected alderman of the Ninteenth ward and served one term. Owing to the inability of his brother, George D. Forsyth, district attorney, he was appointed special district attorne}-, and acted from January to July, 1895. During that period he had charge of two noted murder trials, that of Gavin, who was charged with the murder of young Abbott at Charlotte, and that of Gallo, the Italian murderer,, who was convicted and afterwards sentenced to death. Harvey F. Remington. — Prominent among the younger members of the Monroe county bar and well and favorably known in Western New York is Harve\' F. Remington. His ancestors emigrated from York- shire, England, in 1637, settling in Newbury, Mass., and the descend- ants of John Remington, the first settler, are very numerous; one of the number, Jonathan, was for many years a justice of the Supreme court of the state of Massachusetts. Others have held positions upon the bench and filled honorable places at the bar, in the pulpit, the press, the medical profession, in commercial pursuits, and in fact in ail worthy avocations. Frederic Remington, the artist, a son of a former editor of the Albany Express, is a cousin of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Remington was born in Henrietta, Monroe county, June 28, 1863, ^"^^ is a son of the late William T. Remington, who was born in a log house in, Henrietta that his father, Alvah Remington, erected when he emi- grated from Vermont in 1 8 17. Harvey F. Remington was educated in the common schools, at the Geneseo State Normal school, and at the law department of Union university, graduating in 1 887. He was at once admitted to the bar and opened an office in the Ehvood building in Rochester with the late Hon. Alfred Ely, which office he still occupies. 472 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Having from boyhood had a taste for pohtics, Mr. Remington has fre- quently been a delegate to state and other party conventions, and often a presiding officer, and he has enjoyed the friendship and confidence of prominent officials irrespective of party for years. In 1891, during a warm local contest in the Sixteenth ward, then containing nearly one- fourth of the population of Rochester, he was induced to make a canvass for the nomination for supervisor, and after the most exciting caucus ever held in Rochester, lasting an entire day, at which over 1,500 votes were cast, he was nominated and later elected supervisor. He served one year, and was elected a member of the board of education, resign- ing this position to accept the apppointment of second assistant city at- torney under Hon. C. D. Kiehel. He filled this position for two years and upon the election of Hon. A. J. Rodenbeck as corporation counsel he was made first assistant, succeeding Mr. Rodenbeck in that position. Mr. Remington is largely interested in suburban property, and is actively engaged in church and mission work. He is a member of the First Bap- tist church and a trustee of the West Brighton Chapel society. He is also affiliated with the Masonic and other fraternal societies, and is a member of the State Bar Association and the Rochester Bar Associa- tion. He married Agnes, daughter of Thomas Brodie, of Caledonia, N. Y., in 1889, and four children are the result of this union. He resides on Reservoir avenue, in a residence which overlooks the city from the Highland Park range of hills, and it is evident that here in a happy home he finds the keenest enjoyment in life, for his is a home in its broadest sense. Edward W. Maurer was born in Rochester, N. Y., April 17, 1858^ was graduated from the university of Rochester in 1877, and in the fall of the same year entered the university of Goettingen, Germany, where he remained for over two years. In 1880 he returned to America and entered the law office of ex-Congressman (now justice of the Supreme court) John M. Davy, and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1882. He then formed a partnership with Mr. Davy, which continued until 1886, when he opened an office alone for the practice of the law. In 1887 he was elected member of assembly on the Republican ticket. He is a member of the Central Presbyterian church. His father was one of the oldest grocery merchants in this city, and died in 1892, his JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 473 place of business being at 149 East Main street. His moiher is still living in the old homestead, 67 North Clinton street, in Rochester. Mr, Maurer's offices are at Nos. 416, 417 and 418 Ellwanger & Barry- building. Isaac R. Ellvvood was born at Herkimer, in the Mohawk valley, N. Y., in 1800, and received a common school education. He descended from an ancient German family, of which one branch settled in England many generations ago. To this branch belonged Thomas Ell wood, the Quaker, reader and friend to the blind poet, John Milton. Our sub- ject's grandfather, Richard Ellvvood, of German extraction, came to America from England in 1748, and soon afterward settled in the town of Minden, Montgomery county, in the Mohawk valley. He was a mason by trade, and an old stone house near St. Johnsville still stands to attest his handiwork. His son, Richard Ellwood, jr., father of Isaac R., was born in England, and had attained the age of six years when the family came to this country. He was a farmer in the Mohawk valley, and married a Miss Bell, by whom he had six children, Isaac R. being the youngest. John Elwood, a younger brother of Richard, jr., settled in Canada and changed the orthography of the name from Ell- wood to Elwood, which was originally EUwoode. The following incident relative to the mother of Mrs. Richard Ell- wood, jr., appears in the Documentary History of New York, Vol. I., p. 522. During the French and Indian war, when an attack from the Indians was imminent, Captain Herchamer issued orders calling upon all settlers to take refuge within Fort Herkimer. By an oversight Mrs Bell and her family were left unwarned. They were surprised, her husband and two children were killed, and an infant's brains dashed out, while she herself was scalped and left for dead, her nose being also nearly cut off. Her then unborn child became in course of time the mother of the subject in this memoir. Mrs. Bell suffered severely from the shock, and was several times at the point of death before she recovered. Isaac R. Elwood, who adopted the spelling of the name as modified by his uncle, was reared on the paternal farm amid the Dutch settle- ments of the famous Mohawk valley. About 1830 he came to Roches- 60 474 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ter, where he not onlj' spent the remainder of his Hfe, but wliich was destined to become the scene of his active and useful career. After studying law and being admitted to the bar he practiced his profession in partnership with those two distinguished brother jurists, Samuel L. and Henry R. Selden, for several years, acquiring eminent success and a wide reputation. Possessing a profound knowledge of legal literature, and endowed with great ability and sound judgment, he was recognized as an able lawyer and trusty counsellor. Originally a Democrat and subsequently a Republican in politics he always manifested a keen inter- est in public affairs, and in 1838 officiated as clerk of the common coun- cil. Afterward he was clerk of the New York state senate for two sessions, and at the outbreak of the war of the Rebellion he took a prominent part in supporting the Union cause. But in the midst of this struggle, on February 27, 1863, he died at his home in .this city from injuries received in a runaway accident, widely respected and esteemed. To his memory his eldest child and only son, Frank Wor- cester Elwood, erected in 1879 the handsome and substantial Elwood building on the historic northeast corner of State and Main streets. It was as one of the founders of the Western Union Telegraph com- pany, however, that Mr. Elwood acquired a name which imperishably stands upon the annals of time. When this great corporation was formed by the consolidation of lines which then covered thirteen states of the union he was retained as an attorney, and in that capacity drew all the papers which started the enterprise and placed it upon a success- ful working basis. He was also made its first secretary and treasurer and held those positions until his death in 1863, his office being in Rochester. As a citizen Mr. Elwood was endowed with the highest qualifications, and in both public and private life he was esteemed for his many noble characteristics. He was a public benefactor. All movements of a worthy nature met with his generous support and encouragement. He traveled extensively, and being a close observer acquired a large fund of valuable information. In 1839 he made an extended tour of Europe and kept a journal of rare interest. In 1849 ^^^ was married to Miss Elizabeth Handy Gold, third child of William Erskine and Caroline JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 473a (Handy) Gold, of Pittsfield, Mass. Her father was a lawyer. Her mother was a daughter of Abigail Rosewell Saltonstall and Dr. William Handy, of New York.. Abigail was a daughter of Rosewell Saltonstall, seventh son of Gurdon Saltonstall (son of Governor Gurdon Saltonstall, of Connecticut) and Rebeckah Winthrop, of New London, who was a daughter of John Winthrop and Ann Dudley. Ann Dudley was a daughter of Governor Joseph Dudley, of Massachusetts, lieutenant gov- ernor of the Isle of Wight, and first chief justice of New York ; he was a son of Thomas Dudley, governor of Massachusetts, 1 576-1653, first major-general of Massachusetts, and a direct descendant of John Sut- ton, first baron of Dudley, and first of the Dudleys who were dukes of Northumberland and earls of Warwick and Leicester.' Mrs. Isaac R. Elwood was also a relative of the poet Longfellow's second wife. She died September 10, 1869, leaving three children, viz.: P'rank Worcester, of Rochester; Mrs. Arthur L. Devens, of Boston; and Mrs. Ludwig Klipfel, whose husband is a captain in the Prussian arm)-. Mrs. Klipfel died in January, 1895. Frank Worcester Elwood- was born in Rochester. N. Y., April 4, 1850, son of Isaac R. Elwood. He was educated in private schools. At the age of fourteen he went abroad and spent two years in studying Italian, French and German. Returning to America he continued his studies under various eminent teachers, entered Hobart college at the age of nineteen and left at the end of his sophomore year to enter Harvard' college, from which he was graduated as A.B. in 1874. During his stu- dent life he was a member of a nimiber of college societies. He re- ceived the degree of LL. B. from Columbia college in 1 877, was admitted to the bar the same year, and practiced law in tiie office of Judge Dan- forth in Rochester till 1879, when he erected the Elwood Memorial building as a memorial to his father. He was engaged in the stock brokerage business under the firm name of Frank W. Elwood & Co., from 1881 to 1884, inclusive, when he resumed the practice of his pro- 1 Vide " .Sutton-Diulleys of Enschmrl," by Geoi^i-' .Arnold; London, John Russell Smith, 3(1 Soho Square, 18()'2. 2 For family ancestry, see preceding sketch of Isaac R. Elwood. 474a LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. fession and the care of his real estate, which he has since continued. Mr. Elwood was formerly president of the Rochester club, and is now vice-president of the Rochester Historical society, a member of the board of managers of the Genesee Valley club, vestryman of St. Paul's Episcopal church, trustee of the Riverside Cemetery association and of the Chamber of Commerce, and member of the board of park commis- sioners. In 1835 ^1^ married Frederica H., daughter of Fr.derick Pumpell)', of Owego, Tioga county, and they have one daughter, Dorothy. William Martin Jones was born in Onondaga county, N. Y., July 24, 1841, and is a son of Thomas P. and Lodoiska (Butler) Jones. He was a young child when his parents removed to Monroe county and a boy of tender years when they made a second removal to Orleans county. At an early age he attended the village schools and later entered Albion academy, where he began to fit himself for Yale college. He had been but a year in the academy, when he accepted a position in it as assist- ant teacher, and was engaged with his classes when the civil war opened. He finished his preparation for college at John Hopkins school in New Haven, Conn., but never entered upon a college course. He became acquainted with Major-General Edwin D. Morgan, "war governor" of New York, soon after |^his election to the United States senate, and for two years Mr. Jones was with him in Washington as his private sec- retary. His acquaintance with Secretary Seward ripened into intimacy, and after the adjournment of congress in 1864 he filled the position of private secretary to William H. Seward and his son, PVederick A. Sew- ard, in the department of state for several weeks, and until his efficiency won for him the promotion to the post of chief clerk of the consular bureau. In 1866 Mr. Jones resigned his position and was immediately appointed by President Johnson to be United States consul at Clifton, Canada. He remained in the consulship exactly five years. During the comparative leisure of these five years he read law, and upon his retirement from office established himself at Rochester, was admitted to the bar, and has successfully practiced his profession ever since. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 475 Fred Ebert Drake, born in Ravenna, Ohio, November 17, 1857, i^ ^ lineal descendant on his mother's side from Rev. Thomas Hooker, a celebrated New England divine, and the founder of the city of Hart- ford, Conn., who was born in England about 1586, emigrated with his congregation to Hartford in 1636, and died July 7, 1649. The line of descent is, (i) Rev. Thomas Hooker, (2) Samuel Hooker, (3) Joseph Hooker, (4) Joseph Hooker, jr., (5) Mary Hooker (who married Rev. John Eastman), (6) Elias Eastman, (7) Jane A. Eastman (who married Prof. John A. Drake), and (8) F, E. Drake. The family was prominent in New England history, and numbers among its members the Ingersolls, Fowlers, and many other notable representatives. When an infant F. E. Drake moved with his parents to Medina, Mich., where he received his earlier education at the Oak Grove academy, of which his father, Prof. John A. Drake, was principal. In 1870 he removed with his parents to a farm in the town of Howard, Steuben county, N. Y , and later attended the Canisteo and Haverling (Bath) academies. In 1879 he entered the law office of William Rumsey, now justice of the Supreme court, at Bath, and remained there until August, 188 1, when he became managing clerk for Judge William E. Bonham at Hornellsville, where he finished his legal studies. Admitted to the bar at the Buffalo gen- eral term in June, 1882, he began practice in partnership with Perrj' J. Hallett, at Canisteo, N. Y., and continued one year, and October i, 1883, he came to Rochester, an entire stranger, and for six months occupied offices with the late Joseph A. Eastman. Following this he was for two years managing clerk for George H. Humphrey, and in April, 1887, formed a partnership with George T. Parker, as Parker & Drake, to which G. Force Parker was admitted in 1891, when the firm became Parker. Drake & Parker. G. F. Parker retired in 1894. The firm was dissolved by the death of G. T. Parker, May 31, 1895. ^^ August, 1895, he associated with himself George E. Milliman, a prom- ising young lawyer, who had been managing clerk in his fjffice a lew years before, forming the firm of Drake & Milliman. Mr Drake is a mem- ber of the West Side Improvement association, the Rochester Chess club, the Columbia Rifle and Pistol club, and the Church club. Sep- tember 25, 1888, he married Fannie B. Gregory, daughter of Capt. John Gregory, of Rochester, and they have one son, John Eastman Drake. 476 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Willis K. Gillette was born in Milford, Otsego county, N. Y., April 25, 1866. His father, Rev. Charles Gillette, a Presbyterian clergyman, held pastorates in New York city, Fort Co\'ington, Franklin county (fourteen years), Mannsville (four years), and Red Creek (three years), and in 1877 moved to Rochester, where he died December 9, 1887, aged seventy- four. Willis K. received his rudimentary education in No. 3 and 15 schools of this city and was graduated from the Rochester Free academy in 1884. After filling a position as reporter on the Post Express for a short time he began the study of law in the office of Sulli- van & Morris and finished with Hon. Alfred Ely, and was graduated from the law department of the university of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1891. He was admitted to the bar of this state at Rochester in Oc- tober of the same year and immediately commenced the practice of his profession in the offices of Hon. Alfred Ely and H. F. Remington, where he has since remained. He has been somewhat active in politics since attaining his majority, and since 1893 has represented the Third ward in the board of education. He is a staunch Republican and an able and conscientious worker for the welfare of his party. Selden S. Brown, son of D. D. S. 13rown, was born at Scottsville, Monroe county, October 23, 1855. By attending the public schools of his native village and the Rochester Collegiate institute he was well fitted for the higher studies of the university of Rochester, from which he graduated in 1879. After a course of legal study in the law office of Messrs. Hubbell & McGuire, of Rochester, Mr. Brown was admitted to the bar in 1882, and the same year opened an ofiice in that city. He has since been an active worker in his profession, being prominent both as an ofiice attorney and as a speaker before a jury. Mr. Brown continues to reside in Scottsville, where he is school trustee and senior warden of Grace church. He resides in a house recently built by him on a part of the Brown homestead farm on the northwest corner of Ikown's avenue and Maple avenue. Mr. Brown is also one of the railroad commissioners of the^ town of Wheatland, having been ap- pointed to succeed his father at the time of his father's death. Frederick F. Church, of the law firm of Church & Church, of Washing- ton, D. C, and Rochester, N. Y., was born at Alexandria, Va., May 4, 1864. About 1 87 1 he moved with his parents to Washington, where JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 477 he received his preparatory education. In 1886 he was graduated from the Columbian law school with the degree of LL. B., and the same year was admitted to the bar of the Supreme court of the District of Columbia. In 1887 he took a post-graduate course in that institution and received the degree of LL. M.; in 1889 he was admitted to prac- tice in the courts of this state, the previous year having opened an office in Rochester, where he has since resided. In 1894 he was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the United States. His practice is confined exclusively to the U. S. courts and comprises patent and trade mark law. He is a member of the legal ffaternity of the Phi Delta Phi, the Genesee Valley and Rochester Athletic clubs, and the Rochester Bar association. He is also standing examiner of the U. S. Circuit court. William T. Plumb was born in Lewis county, N. Y., September 14, 1867, where he received his rudimentary education. He removed with his parents to Rochester and entered the Free academy, and upon graduation received a scholarship to the university of Rochester, from which he was graduated with honor in 1887, taking the Townsend scholarship. Choosing law as his profession, Mr. Plumb began his studies in the office of Shuart & Sutherland, and was admitted to the bar at the general term at Rochester in October, 1893. He has suc- cessfully built up a large and lucrative practice. In January, 1895, Mr. Plumb was appointed by Mayor Lewis secretary of the Civil Service board. He is a member of the Psi Upsilon and Phi Beta Kappa fraternities and the Rochester Athletic club. Alvin Block was born in Rochester, N. Y., April 30, 1862, where he attended the public schools and later became a student at the Rochester Free academy, from which he was graduated in 1880. He then en- tered the office of Fanning & Williams for the purpose of studying law, and later the office of Charles M. Allen, from which he was admitted to the bar in 1885. In 1885-86 Mr. Block represented the Twelfth ward as a member of the board of supervisors, which has won for him a large practice. Everett O. Gibbs, son of Warren S., who came to Rochester about i860, was born in this city April I, 1870. He was educated in the public schools of Rochester and Syracuse, and later was under the 478 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. private tutelage of Prof. E. M. Sparling. In September, 1887, he en- tered the office of ex-Judge P. B. Hulett for the study of law, and was admitted to the bar at the Rochester general term, March 30, 1893. The same year he formed a partnership with his preceptor, under the firm name of Hulett & Gibbs, which still continues. He is a member of the Flour City J^emocracy, and one of the rising young attorneys of Rochester. Edward Arthur Keenan was born at East Bloomfield, Ontario county, N. Y., August i, 1861. Receiving his rudimentary education in his native town he became a student at the Genesee Wesleyan semi- nary, from which institution he was graduated with honor in June, 1877. He engaged in teaching in the public schools, and in the spring of 1889 entered the office of William W. Mumford, of Rochester, N. Y., as a student at law. He was admitted to the bar at the general term in the fall of 1892, and immediately afterwards formed a co-partnership with his brother-in-law, Judge John M. Murphy, for the practice of general law, which still continues. George W. Lamb was born in New London, Conn., in August, 1840. His early schooling was received at Pcnfield, Monroe county, after which, on account of an accident, he was obliged to finish his education at home under the instruction of his sister. He became a law student in the office of John W. Willson, at Penfield, and was admitted to the bar in 1867. He is well known throughout this section of the state on account of his extensive practice as pension attorney. He practiced in Penfield and Fairport, N. Y., each two years, and since 1871 in Roch- ester. He is a Mason, and is prominently identified with various other organizations. Earl B. Putnam, son of the late George Putnam, was born in Water- ville, N. Y., where he resided until 1881, when he moved to Rochester. He was a graduate of Harvard college in 1879, and in 1880-81 studied law at the Columbia college law school, after which he read law with Hon. Martin W. Cooke, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar in 1882 from the office of Cooke & Pond, where he remained as managing clerk until 1883. Until 1888 he practiced alone, at which time he formed a partnership with George F. Slocum, which has continued up to the present time. During Mr. Putnam's residence in Rochester he JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 479 was director and secretary of the Silver Lake Ice company, director of the Silver Lake railroad and of the Union bank of Rochester, trustee of the Society for the Organization of Charity, vestryman of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal church, member of the New York State Bar asso- ciation. Genesee Valley club. Whist club and Kent club. October 17, 1882, he married Grace Williams Tower, daughter of the late Charle- magne Tower, of Philadelphia. Aldice Gardner Warren was born in South Sodus, Wayne county, N. Y., February 17, 1862. Receiving a common school education in his native town he entered the Rochester Free academy, from which he was graduated in 1879. He then entered the university of Roches- ter and received the degree of A. B. in 1883. He read law in the offices of J. & Q. Van Voorhis, and was admitted to the bar at the Rochester general term in April, 1885. He has since practiced his profession in this city. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, being a member of Genesee Falls lodge, No. 507, F. & A. M., of Monroe commandery, No. 12, K. T., and^ of Rochester consistory, having been master of Rochester Council Princes of Jerusalem. He is also a mem- ber of the local chapter of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and was for four years secretary of the D. K. E. club of the city of Rochester. He is president of the Mutual Life association of New York city. Andrew Ludolph was born in Rochester, N. Y., May 16, 1864. When a few months old his father died and Mr. Ludolph was adopted by the late Colonel Klinck, with whom and with other members of the family he lived until seventeen years of age. He attended No. 15 school, and in 1887 began the study of law in the office of Satterlee & Yeoman. He was admitted to the bar at the Rochester general term in October, 1891. In the spring of that year he was appointed man- aging clerk in the city attorney's office and filled that position for two years, when he entered into partnership with Arthur Warren, under the firm name of Ludolph & Warren, for the general practice of law, with offices in the Granite building. He is a member of Yonondio lodge, No. 163, F. and A. M., and for several years was prominently con- nected with the Rochester Athletic club. John H. Chadsey was born in the village of Ballston Spa, Saratoga county, N. Y., March i, 184$, the eldest son of Dr. Alonzo J. Chadsey, 480 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. a well known and eminent physician of that county. He was educated in private and public schools, and at eleven years of age removed to Schenectady, where he attended the preparatory school in the old Union college building, and graduated from the classical department at the age of sixteen years ; attending the county institute, he received a certificate to teach any common school in Schenectady county. The war of the Rebellion breaking out, he enlisted in Co. A, I32d Regt. N. Y. Vols., but was not mustered in the service on account of being under the required age. After leaving school he was a clerk in his uncle's store for two years, and then removed to New York city and entered the office of the famous lawyer, John Graham, esq., as a student at law, and at the age of twenty-one years was admitted to the bar, Hon. Elbridge T. Gerry being one of the examiners. He remained with Mr. Graham nearly five years thereafter, and was, in May, 1870, employed as an assistant to Messrs. John Graham and Elbridge T. Gerry, the counsel for the prisoner in the celebrated trial of Daniel McFarland, for the killing of Albert D. Richardson, in the Tribune office, in the city of New York, He took a course in political economy and debate at the Cooper institute, and was vice-president of the Cary Political Science society. In February, 1 871, he removed to St. Mary's, Kansas, and became a partner in the firm of Sedgwick & Chadsey, in the land, law and insurance business, and had exclusive charge of the law department ; returning east in December of the same year he was married to Miss Emma J. Covey, youngest daughter of Alva Covey, of Penfield, Monroe county. In 1873 he moved to Penfield and opened a law office at Fairport, which he afterwards removed to Rochester, re- taining his residence at Penfield until 1891, when he removed to the city of Rochester, He has been constantly engaged in the practice of law, is well known, and has an extensive practice in Monroe county and vicinity; he has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for years, and is past master of Penfield Union lodge, F. and A. M. In politics he is a Republican, casting his first presidential vote for U. S. Grant in 1868; he was a member of the Republican county committee of Monroe county for four years, two of which he was treasurer of said committee. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 481 Herbert J. Menzie was born at Riga, N. Y., June 19, 1862. He at- tended the public schools of his native town and later became a student at the Brockport Normal school, from which he was graduated in 1881. He then entered the university of Rochester and was graduated from that institution in 1886, reciving the degree of B. A., winning the senior mathematical prize (Stoddard medal), being one of the commencement speakers, and being elected a member of Phi Beta Kappa fraternity. From 1886 to 1888 he was principal of the 17th district school of Mil- waukee, Wis., and while there received a state life certificate for teach- ing. He then entered the law department of Yale college and remained one year, when he came to Rochester and began the study of his chosen profession in the office of McNaughton & Taylor. He was admitted to the bar in 1890, and since then he has practiced law in this city, where he has been successful. He is a member of Rochester lodge. No. 660, F. and A. M., the Alpha Delta Phi, and of the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity. Scott Cummings was born in 1852 in Cattaraugus county, this state. His education was derived from the common schools, and a few terms at an academy, in connection with special courses of study. His father, John T. Cummings. was a man of excellent mind, character, and intelli- gence. The son inherited the disposition for general reading, and early acquired this wholesome habit, so that his education came largely from self-help. Mr. Cummings pursued a four years' course of legal study, and was admitted to the bar of this state at Buffalo, general term, in June, 1 88 1. For five years thereafter he practiced law in Erie county. In the spring of 1886 he removed to the city of Rochester, since which time he has been the attorney and counsel for the mercantile agency of Messrs. R. G. Dun & Co. George V. Fleckenstein was born in Rochester, N. Y., March 22, 1868. His father, Valentine Fleckenstein, was also born here, a son of Valentine, sr., who came from Germany at a very early day. George V. attended SS. Peter and Paul's parochial school and from 1880 to 1883 the Rochester Free academy. He then entered Canisius college of Buffalo, from which he received the degree of B.A. in 1888, standing the highest in his class and receiving the gold medal prize for mental and moral philosophy. Leaving college he read law in the office of 61 482 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Bacon, Briggs & Beckley, in Rochester, and finished his legal studies in the Columbia law school, being admitted to the bar in the First de- partment in 1890. Immediately after his admission he became manag- ing clerk for Morse & W'ensley, of New York city, which position he held two years. He then returned to Rochester and opened his present office. Benjamin B, Chace was born in Detroit. Mich., October 13, 1868. His maternal grandparents, Carlos and Olive B. Button, came to Roch- ester from Vermont on the Erie canal about 1830 and died here. Mr. Button's death occurred about 1874, from the effects of a wound received in the war of the Rebellion. He was a contractor and builder, and afterward became superintendent of the R., W. & O. railroad, and later of the Syracuse and Buffalo division of the Central-Hudson rail- road. He was always an active citizen, and during the Rebellion served as quartermaster with the rank of captain. Rev. George S. Chace, father of Benjamin B., was graduated from the university of Rochester in 1852, and from the Rochester Theological seminary in 1854. Bur- ing the civil u'ar he had a pastorate at Pittsburg, Pa., where he was active in raising troops and promoting the Union cause ; he also held pastorates in Columbus, Ohio, and Betroit, Mich., whence he was called to Boston, but was taken sick enroute and died at New Bedford, Mass., in June, 1870. Soon afterward his wife removed with her family to Rochester, where Benjamin B. Chace was graduated from Grammar school No. 15. He was also graduated from the Free academy in 1885 and from the university of Rochester in 1889. In 1890 he entered the law offices of Satterlee & Yeoman, and was admitted to the bar at the Rochester general term in March, 1892. He remained with his pre- ceptors as managing clerk until the spring of 1893, when he assumed charge of the searching department of the Rochester Title Insurance company, which position he now holds, acting also as secretary for the corporation. V. J. Ruppert was born in Germany, where he received his education. He was graduated from an institution in his native coimtry in 1872 as LL.B , and immediately afterward came to America. In 1884 he was admitted to tlie bar in Rochester, where he has since practiced at his profession. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 483 Frederick W. Smith was born in South Granville, Washington county, N. Y., September 13, 1856, and was graduated from the high school of Ithaca, N. Y., in 1876. In the fall of that year he entered Cornell university and was graduated in 1880, receiving the degree of B. A. and being president of his class. He then came to Rochester and engaged in newspaper work. He was connected with the Evening Express in 1880, the Morning Herald \\\ i88i-«2, and the Union and Advertiser in 1882-84. He was clerk of the Supreme court' from 1885 to 1890, and was admitted to the bar in 1887. From 1891 to 1892 he was man- aging clerk for Bacon, Briggs, Beckley & Bissell. Since 1892 he has been engaged in general practice of the law, with an office in the Ger- man Insurance building. In the fall of 1894 he was chosen Democratic state committeeman from the Monroe county district. Henry M. Hill was born in Buffalo, N. Y. He prepared for college at Arcade academy, attended Genesee college, and was graduated from Syracuse university in 1872. In the same year he was graduated from the Law school of Michigan university. He was teacher of mathe- matics and natural science in Ovid seminary and in Gouverneur semi- nary for one year each. In 1873 he began the practice of law at Ar- cade, N. Y., and remained there until 1881, when he removed to Roch- ester, where he has since practiced his profession. He is now the senior member of the law firm of Hill & Shaw. John Warren Castleman was born at Brighton, Monroe county, N.Y., July 9, 1868. After attending the common schools he entered the Rochester Free academy, from which he was graduated June i, 1889. He then began the study of law with the late Oscar Craig, and was ad- mitted to the bar at the general term at Buffalo, N. Y., June 8, 1891. Since then he began the practice of his profession in this city. John N. Drake was born in Clarkson, N. Y., February 2, 1854. His father, Elijah, was a native of Cayuga county, and came to Monroe county in 1832. He married Martha E., daughter of Rev. Morris Bull, D. D., and died January 26, 1889, in his sixty ninth year. The family trace their descent to Sir Francis Drake. Samuel Drake, his great- grandfather, was a colonel in the Revolutionary war. John N. was educated at the Brockport and Geneseo Normal schools, graduating in 1872. He began the study of law in Rochester, and was admitted to 484 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. the bar in 1S76. Removing to Brockport in 1S81 he established a gen- eral practice. In 1878 he married Louise K., daughter of Rev, Alfred A. Graley, and their children are Merle G , Henry J., Margaret L., and Catherine M. Our subject has served as justice of the peace ten years and clerk and attorney of the village of Brockport since 1883. He has compiled and published a volume entitled "The Village Charter," which is a complete compilation of the laws governing all villages in the state. Henry A. Walker, although but a recent comer to Fairport, is already rated high as a man and citizen as well as an attorney. He was born at Charlestown, Mass., in 1844. His father, George Walker, was a sea captain in the East India trade. Although but a boy at the outbreak of the war, he ran away from home and enlisted in Co. A, Fifth Maine Infantry, and during his service, which continued from April, 1861, to February 10, 1866, he was for personal bravery successively promoted to first lieutenant, captain, and brevet-major ; he was severely wounded at Malvern Hill, and while a member of General Sheridan's personal staff was again severely wounded at Cedar Creek. After the war he studied law at Harvard college, and in 1871 opened an ofifice at Boston, Mass., afterwards removing to West Medway, Mass. He was sent to the Massachusetts legislature in 1873 and 1874, and was for twenty-one years a justice, besides holding various other minor official offices. John D. Burns was born in New York city, March 9, 1854. His father, John, was a native of Bath, England, who came to this country in 1853, with his wife, Maria, daughter of John Marshall, and in 1855 located in Brockport, He enlisted in Co. H, 108th Regt. N. Y. vols., and served four years. John B. was educated at the Brockport State Normal school, and afterwards taught school four years. In 1874 he began the study of law in the office of Major John Norris, of Buffalo, and was ad- mitted to the bar in 1877, beginning practice in Brockport, which he still continues. In 1883 he married Clara E., daughter of George H. Smith, and they have one son, George. Our subject is a leading mem- ber of the Monroe county bar, and takes an active interest in town affairs, having been a member of the local board of the Brockport State Normal school for the past si.x years. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 485 F. D. H. Cobb, of Fairport, was born at Fort Edward, N. Y., July 8, 1866. His father, the late Amos H. Cobb, was at that time in the paper business in New York city. He established in 1881 a canned goods factory, which has grown into one of the most important indus- tries of Fairport. Mr. Cobb was, at the time of his father's death, en- gaged in the practice of law in Rochester, having been admitted to the bar in January, 1889. His preparatory studies were prosecuted at the Brooklyn Collegiate Polytechnic institute, the Fairport Classical Union school and at Colgate university, from which he was graduated in 1886. He is a member of the New York State Bar association. Theodore S. Dean was born in Syracuse, July 26, 1845. The father was R. S. Dean, a native of Oswego county, and the family trace their descent to one of that name that came from Scotland about 1750. Theodore S. was educated in the Walworth institute, and on August 10, 1862, enlisted in Co. G, 138th N. Y. Vols , afterwards transferred to 9th N. Y. H. Art. He participated in the several battles of the regi- ment at Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and the Shenandoah Valley, re- maining till the close of the war. Returning home he began the study of law in the office of James L. Bagg of Syracuse, and was admitted to the bar in 1867. He was also with the firm of Ruger & Jenney. In 1868 he went to Chicago, and in 1871 came to Brockport, and engaged in practice, where he has since continued. He is attorney for several corporations, and has a large practice. He has served as justice of the peace sixteen years. In 1878 he married Alice Wood, who died in January, 1880. In 1883 he married Hattie B. Mc Arthur. Their chil- dren are Maria A. and Edith M. Our subject is identified in advanc- ing the best interests of his town and is prominent in Republican poli- tics in Western New York. Donald McNaughton, of Scotch origin, was born in Mumford, in the town of Wheatland, Monroe county, March 29, 1830, and received his education in the public schools of his birthplace. From a clerk in early life he prepared himself for the legal profession. During the civil war he was indefatigable in raising and fitting troops, and in recognition of his successful efforts in filling the town's quotas the citizens of Wheatland presented him with a law library. He was admitted to the bar in 1865 and immediately entered upon the practice of his profession in Rochester. 486 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. For eight >'car.s he was sent by his Republican town to represent it in the board of supervisors, the chairmanship of which was conferred upon him when it was Republican in majority. He was always a Democrat in politics and one of the hardest workers for the principles of that party. When first elected to the senate in 1886 he received a plurality of 429, although the district gave over 3,000 plurality for the Republican state ticket. When he was again returned in 1889 with a plurality of 371, notwithstanding that the dis- trict gave 4,000 plurality for the Republican state ticket, the news of triumph and the unmistakable evidence of his great popularity spread rapidly through the state and he was prominently mentioned as a pos- sible and highly eligible candidate for governor. As a legislator Sena- tor McNaughton achieved remarkable success in the number of bills he introduced and placed on the statute books. During his first term he served on the committees on cities, railroads, canals, and public build- ings, and was a member of the New York Aqueduct Investigation com- mittee. In 1889 he was appointed a member of the same committees and was one of the famous Senate Cities committee which investigated the municipal government of New York city. In the campaign of 1892 he was the nominee of his party for congress, and although the district went 4,000 for Harrison he was defeated by but 367 votes. He was ap- pointed by Governor Hill general director of the World's fair exhibit from this state. He was a trustee of the Central Union Storage and Transfer company, trustee of the Rej'nold's library, president of the Scottish society of Rochester, and secretary of the Wheatland Historical society. He died in 1893. William H. Shuart was born September 21, 1852, at Honeoye Falls, N. Y,, and is the son of ex-Surrogate Denton G. Shuart. He was educated at Genesee Wesleyan seminary and Syracuse university and received the degree of A.B. from the latter institution in June, 1875. After his graduation he studied law with his father and later with Judge John S. Morgan of Rochester. He was admitted to the bar in 1877 and has since practiced his profession in this city. February 7, 1884, he married Nella Sumner Phillips of Springfield, Mass. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 487 ROLL OF THE ROCHESTER BAR. 1812-2L John Mastick, Hastings R. Bender, Roswell Babbitt, Joseph Spencer, Jesse Dane, Enos Pomeroy. 1831-37. Daniel D. Barnard, Rufus Beach, Selleck Boughton, Moses Chapm, Tim- othy Childs, Palmer Cleveland, John Dickson, Addison Gardiner, James H. Gregory, Ebenezer Griffin, Fletcher M. Haight, Isaac Hills, Anson House, Harvey Humphrey, Richard C. Jones, Charles M. Lee, Vincent Mathews, Richard N. Morrison, William W. Mumford, Charles Perkins, Ashley Sampson, Samuel L. Selden, Elisha B. Strong, Theodore F. Talbot, W. C. Van Ness, Ephraim B. Wheeler, Frederick Whittlesey. 1834. William S. Bishop, Patrick G. Buchan, D. K. Cartter, Isaac R. Elwood, Simeon Ford, Horace Gay, Theodore B. Hamilton, Orlando Hastings, E. Smith Lee, Thomas Lefferts, D. C. Marsh, Selah Mathews, Samuel Miller, William R. Montgom- ery, George H. Mumford, John C. Nash, Henry E. Rochester, E. Darwin Smith, Hestor L. Stevens, A. W. Stowe, Ariel Wentworth, S. T. Wilder. 1838. Graham H. Chapin, John C. Chumasero, Carlos Cobb, Mortimer F. Delano, James R. Doolittle, Joseph A. Eastman, Jasper W. Gilbert, Simon H. Grant, Sanford M. Green, Robert Haight, Alba Lathrop, Hiram Leonard, Abner Pratt, E. Peshine Smith. 1841. Charles Ayrault, S. W. Budlong, Charles Lee Clark, B. W. Clark, Samuel B. Chase, John B. Cooley, John W. Dwinelle, I. S. Fancher, Washington Gibbons, Joseph D. Husbands, Ethan A. Hopkins, Elisha Mather, James M. Schermerhorn, E. T. Schenck, Hiram A. Tucker, Delos Wentworth, Henry M. Ward. 1844. Leonard Adams, Joel B. Bennett, William Breck, Daniel Burroughs, jr., James C. Campbell, George F. Danforth, George Dutton, jr., Alfred Ely, Herman B. Ely, Lysander Farrar, Hiram Hatch, Thomas B. Husband, Henry Hunter, Nathan Huntington, Erastus Ide, Henry C. Ives, Hiram K. Jerome, Leonard W. Jerome, Alexander Mann, Belden R. McAlpine, Thomas C. Montgomerj^ Chauncey Nash, Martin S. Newton, John W. Osborn, Nicholas E. Paine, Stephen M. Shurtliff, L. Ward Smith, Sanford J. Smith, John R. Stone, Wilham C. Storrs, John Thompson, jr., James S. Trj^on, John C. Van Epps, Horatio G. Warner, David L. White, Daniel Wood. 1845. James Abrams, James L. Angle, Charles Billinghurst, Seymour Boughton, Rufus L. B. Clark, Frederick L. Durand, Samuel B. Dwinelle, Almon Gage, Chris- topher Jordan, George E. King, Daniel Marsh, Lewis H. Morgan, Hiram C. Smith, James E. Squire. 1849. Truman Abrams, Horace B. Adama, James Ames, Daniel B. Beach, Oliver M. Benedict, Samuel S. Bowne, Charles A. Bowne, James S. Bush, WilHam P. Chase, Charles H. Clark, James C. Cochrane, William F. Cogswell, Zimri L. Davis, Fred- erick Delano, Alexander Ely, Lorenzo D. Ferry, Edward W. Fitzhugh, Thomas Frothingham, Truman Hastings, Luther H. Hovey, Calvin Huson, jr., D. Cameron Hyde,Kasimer P. Jervis, Byron D. McAlpine, Benjamin G. Marvin, Alfred G. Mudge, Thaddeus S. Newell, Chauncey Perry, Charles T. Porter, Edward A. Raymond, WiUiam A. Root, Henry Sargent, Henry R. Selden, Ebenezer B. Shearman, Anson Sherwood, Eliphaz Tummer, Chauncey Tucker. 1851. William L. Brock, Philander M. Crandall, John B. Curtiss, Charles R. 488 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Davis, Gideon Draper, jr., William A. Fitzhugh, Albert M. Hastings, Jarvis M. Hatch. James G. Hills, Henry T. Johns, William H. McClure, John H. Martindale, George W. Miller, James M. Miller, George G. Muuger, Sylvester H. Packard, jr., William J. Parker, Charles H. Pierce, John N. Pomeroy, John L. Requa, W. Dean Shuart, John W. Stebbins, Matthew G. Warner, jr., Frederick A. Whittlesey. 1853. John J. Bowen, Phederus Carter, Phihp I. Clum, Charles P. Crosby, Caleb S. Crumb, George Ely, George Gardner, Issachar Grosscup, George H. Humphrey, Charles G. Loeber, John McConvill, George E. Mumford, George Murphy, Oliver H. Palmer, George W. Rawson, George P. Townsend, Henry E. White, Robert A. Wilson. 1855. (ieorge B. Brand, Isaac S. Hobbie, Charles W. Littles, D. W. Sherwood, Wells Taylor, Seth H. Terr3^ John Van Voorhis, Albert G. Wheeler. 1857. Theodore Bacon, Michael Canfield,, William R. Carpenter, Byron G. Chappell, Andrew J. Ensign Edward Harris, John H. Jeffres, George W. Johnson, Edgar Knickerbocker, E. S. Llewellyn, Alexander G. Melvin, William J. McPherson, George T. Parker, Charles J. Powers, Charles K. Smith, Vincent M. Smith, T. Hart Strong, Joseph A. Stull, Seymour G. Wilcox, Charles C. Willson. 1859. William H. Andrews, Daniel L. Angle, Almon B. Benedict, Henry C. Bloss, T. B. Clarkson, John Craig, Oscar Craig, S. C. Crittenden, George P. Draper, James S. Garlock, Pierson B. Hulett, Abram H. Jones, James W. Kerr, David Laing, Charles P. Landers, J. H. McDonald, John A. McGorry, B. G. Marvin, Henry S. Redfield, George E. Ripsom, William C. Rowley, T. D. Steele, John W. Tompkins, George Truesdale, Ouincy Van Voorhis, John B. Vosburg, Homer H. Woodward. 1861. Charles S. Baker, Thomas K. Baker, Hiram S. Barker, James D. Brown, William S. Campbell, DeLancy Crittenden, Samuel J. Crooks, Joseph Deverell, Seth Eldridge, DeWitt C. Ellis, Henry B. Ensworth, Philip Hamilton, Bj'^ron M. Hanks, Frank W. Hastings, Harmon S. Hogoboom, Kneeland J. Macomber, Walter Hurd, William S. Ingraham, Henry B. James, Francis A. Macomber, Abel Meeker, William Powell, D. P. Richardson, William H. Rogers, Jesse Shepherd, Theron R. Strong, Andrew J. Wilkin. 1863. Charles P. Achilles, William H. Bowman, Charles H. Cherry, Martin W. Cooke, William Graebe, W. W. Hegeman, Francis J. Mather, William F. Peck, Charles F. Pond, James Ran, Archibald Servoss, W. S. Staples, George S. Tucker- man. 1865. William M. Bates, George W. Blackmore, Lyman W. Briggs, Sanford E. Church, James L. Clark, John M. Davy, Christopher C. Davi-son, Joseph Felix, C. Hopgood, A. C. Hogoboom, Ralph (). Ives, Joseph L. Luckey, John C. O'Brien, Samuel S. Partridge, Otis H. Robinson, Richard H. Schooley, William J. Sheridan, Othello II. Stevens, Homer Stull, Edward Webster, William H. Webster, Men/.o Van Voorhis. 1866. C. W. Baker, Oliver M. Benedict, jr., M. Campbell, J. ^\■. Kerr, H. H. Mason, William S. Oliver, E. .S. Otis, Samuel Stevens, Joseph C. Well.s, Henry Widner. 1867. W. G. Ashby, E. Burke Collins, G. S. Cutting, Dennis C. Feely, John M. Dunning, W. II. Fish, Frank B. Hutchinson, John W. I^elly, Donald McNaughton, Patrick Mclntyre, George Raines. JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 489 1868. Alvin L. Barton, Josiah H. Bissell, Milton H. Davis. Charles G. Hapgood, James S. Mathews, Sherman R. Robinson, William H. Shepard. 1869. John W. Deuel, Edward B. Fenner, Lewis J. Goddard, B. Frank Maxson, J. Buck Perkins, Edward Witherspoon. 1870. Charles M. Allen, John Clark, jr., Ephraim C. Fish, James E. Cheney, jr., John E. Roe, J. P. Varnum, John W. Wilson, Lodowick M. Wooden. 1871. Henry N. Allen, J. Sherlock Andrews, James M. Angle, William H. Crouchen, Charles F. Dean, Charles H. Gorham, Daniel L. Johnston, William H Mitchell, Milton W. Noyes, John C. O'Regan, Jacob Spahn, Darrell D. Sully, Arthur D. Walbridge. 1872. William A. Combs, Joseph N. Crane J. Rowe Fanning, James A. Jordan, John J. Palmer, James B. Pike, George W. Thomas, William K. Townsend, Thomas E. White, William H. Yerkes. 1873. Willliam E. Edmonds, George W. Fisher. John S. Morgan, George F. Jack- son, Charles J. McDowell, Edward F. Stilwell, George W. Sill, H. D. Tucker. 1874. Nathaniel Foote, jr., William S. James, Merritt G. McKinney, Marcus Michaels, Eugene H. Satterlee. 1875. Walter W. Adams, Luther C. Benedict, Horace L. Bennett, George A. Benton, Sardius D. Bentley, Marsenus H. Briggs, Samuel J. Budlong, Paris G. Clark, Pomeroy P. Dickinson, Edward B. Fiske, Lorin H. Gillette, Richard H. Lansing, Edwin A. McMath, Thomas P. O' Kelly, William W. Webb, Richard E. White, Solomon Wile, Isaac A. Wile, Byron C. Williams, Charles M. Williams. 1876. George Armstrong, William H. Barker, William R. Carpenter, John A. Colwell, Henry R. Curtis, Frederick A. Hitchcock, Angus McDonald, W. Howard Olmsted, William H. St. John, John C. Simons, Henry J. Sullivan, Josiah Sullivan, Stephen Wheeler, George F. Yeoman. 1877. J. Aaron Adams, Joseph A. Addmgton, John N. Beckley, Walter Buell, Darius L. Covill, Edward O. Dowd, John H. Hopkins, Walter S. Hubbell, Thomas A. Hungerford, W. Martin Jones, J. Horace McGuire, Herman W. Morris, Michael F. O'Dea, Horace G. Pierce, William G. Raines, Thomas F. Stark, Samuel H. Tor- rey, George E. Warner, Thomas D. Wilkin, William H. Whiting. 1878. Louis A. Amsden, Frank M. Bottum, William L. Brock, George F. Bausum, Frederick L. Churchill, J. Ewing Durand, Frank W. El wood, Frederick Hebard, Marcus Hirschiield, Robert Jarrard, D. Edgar Parsons, Arthur C. Smith, John T. Pingree, Ivan Powers, Henry J. Sampson, George B. Selden, William H. Shuart, Herbert L. Ward, Charles E. Yale. 1879. William Butler Crittenden, A. Norton Fitch, George W. Lamb, Edwin A. Medcalf, James H. Montgomery, William F. Rampe, Edward M. Redmond, Joseph Welling, William E. Werner. 1880. James Briggs, John A. Burgess, Isaac W. Butts, Philetus Chamberlain, jr., Fred H. Church, Walter S. Coffin, Adelbert Cronise, Henry G. Danforth, J. Des- mond, Frank W. Dickinson, George D. Forsyth, Frank M. Goff, George W. Hall, Henry J. Hetzel, Joseph S. Hann, William W. Jacobs, Bartholomew Keeler, Con- stantine D. Kiehel, Henry M. McDonald, Samuel P. Moore, James B. Nellis, Fred P. Nutting, Wilber F. Osborn, Thomas G. Outerbridge, Thomas Raines, Charles B. Rebasz, Samuel L. Selden, Allen R. Sheffer, John G. Snell, George C. Wolcott, 62 490 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. 1881. Adouirani J. Abbott, John B. Abbott, John II. Bishop, George M. Cone, William D. Elhvanger, Charles C. Herrick, John H. Keefe, Edmund Lyon, Spencer S. Markham, Frank W. Miller, "William S. Servis, John M. Steele, Holmes B. Stevens, Edward F. Turk, Edward F. Wellington. 1882. Frederick H. Baker, Angus Cameron, Edward S. Clarke, William X. Cogs- well, Henry W. Conklin, William H. Davis, Edward W. Hall, William A. Hawthorn, David Hays, David Herron, Henry M. Hill, Frank J. Hone, James L. Hotchkiss, John D. Lynn, Edward \V. Maurer, William A. Sternberg, Horace J. Tuttle, Roy C. Webster, Charles S. Wilbur, Casterline Williams, John W. Wilson. 1883. D. Clinton Barnum, John A. Bernhard, Myron T. Bly, Frank H. Bowlby, Selden S. Brown, Clarence J. Browning, Ralph Butler, Peter A. Costich, Raleigh Farrar, Seward French, William Johnson, Charles H. Kingsburj-, George R. Losey, Lemuel B. Marcy, Henry L. Osgood, Earl B. Putnam, Arthur J. Shaw, G. Fort Slocum, George J. Trenaman, Roberts B. Wickes, Charles H. Wiltsie. 1884. Cassius C. Davy, Frank L. Gummer, Edwin McKnight, Nelson C. Watson, Milton A. Brown, Edward A. Martin, Anson S. McNab, Valentine J. Ruppert. 1885. Aldice G. Warren, James O'Grady, William H. Sullivan, William F, Chandler. 1886. Seth S. Terry, Frederick W. Sandborn. Henry Isbell, Frederick B. Hall, George A. Carnahan, James S. Havens, George M. W. Bills, John B. M. Stephens, Albert P. Gulbert, James M. Kerr. 1887. Arthur E. Sutherland, Albert A. Davis, Eugene Van Voorhis, Stephen C. Truesdale, James H. Kelso, J. Frank Morse, George A. Gillette, Frederick W. Smith. 1889. George F. Zimmer, Charles P. Lee, Ednor A. Marsh, Morris Bull, Joseph M. Allen (Brockport), Abraham Benedict, Martin Davis (Honeoye Falls), Erwin E. Shutt. 1890. John F. Mitchell, William DeGraff, Fred. C. Hanford, George E. Milliman, Herbert James Menzie, Herbert J. Stull, Richard Van Voorhis, Edwin E. Wj-ckoff. 1891. Herman Perry Blodgett. Darius A. Marsh, Andrew Ludolph, William L. Kiefer, William E. Carnochan, Edwin A. Woodward, Joseph H. Hill, Willis K. (iillette. 1892. Benjamin B. Chace, William E. Davis, Franklin S. Hutchinson, Otto J. Stull, Charles F. A. Young, Isaac Adler, Simon L. Adler, Kendall B. Castle, Edward A. Keenan, Norman A. Macpherson, Edwin C. Smith, jr., Stephen J. Warren (W. Henrietta), George M. Williams. 1893. Lovellc M. Grube, Everett O. Gibbs, H. Irving Gordon, Willis A. Matson (Brockport), Henry Bartholomay, jr., Charles A. Edgerton, William T. Plumb, Henry V. Woodward, Henry A. Walker (Fairport). 1894. John Keanan, Herbert S, Wilbur, Leslie E. Hulburt, Ira L. Ward (Pitts- ford), John H. Daily. Charles R. Kreidler, Clyde W. Knapp, William H. Driscoll, John B. O'Connor, George B. Draper, Fred M. Whitney, Edward R. Foreman, Will- iam J. Hawkins, James Roscoe Davy. Mkmhers ok the Countv Bar in 1895. Charles M. Allen, Walter W. Adams, Joseph A. Adlington, J. Sherlock Andrews, Elbridge L. Adams, William W. Armstrong, Isaac Adler, Simon L. Adler, Robert JUDGES AND ATTORNEYS. 491 Averill, Edwin P. Allen, Horace L. Bennett, Marsenus H. Briggs, Theodore Bacon, Charles S. Baker, Hiram L. Barker, William M. Bates, William H. Beach, Daniel B. Beach, Clarence J. Browning, John A. Bernhard, Myron T. Bly, Alvin Block, Abraham Benedict, J. P. Bowman, James E. Briggs, Morris Bull, John A. Barhite, George M. W. Bills, Ralph Butler, John N. Beckley, Luther C. Benedict, Sardius D. Bentley, Frederick H. Baker, George A. Benton, William H. Bowman, John A. Burgess, James Briggs, Selden S. Brown, H. T. Braman, Frank M. Bottum, Isaac W. Butts, Norris Bull, Charles J. Bissell, H. Perry Blodgett, Charles E. Bostwick, Willis H. Coon, Frederick L. Churchill, Paris G. Clark, Adelbert Cronise, Philetus Chamberlain, jr., William F. Chandler, Fred B. Crittenden, Peter A. Ccstich, Scott Cummmgs, Henry W. Conklin, William F. Cogswell, Frederick F. Church, Martin W. Cooke, Delancy Crittenden, W. Butler Crittenden, William N. Cogswell, George A. Carnahan, Darius L. Covill, J. Warrant Castleman, Frank Cummings, John H. Chadsey, John D. Coffey, Kendall B. Castle, Benjamin B. Chace, Martin Davis, William H. Davis, Christopher C. Davison, Charles F. Dean, Henry G. Danforth, George F. Danforth, Fred E. Drake, John F. Dorthy, John Desmond, George P. Draper, Pomeroy P. Dickinson, Frederick L. Durand, John E. Durand, Cassius C. Davy, George P. Decker, John H. Dailey, Frank W. Dickinson, William E. Davis, Eugene J. Dwyer, William H. DriscoU, George F. Danforth, Eugene C. .Denton, James R. Davy, William DeGraff, George B. Draper, William E. Edmonds, Frank M. EUery, Charles B. Ernst, Frank W. Elwood, William D. Ellwanger, Erastus U. Ely, Charles A. Edgerton, John R. Fanning, Dennis C. Feely, Edward B. Fenner, Nathaniel Foote, Edward R. Foreman, George D. Forsyth, Daniel W. Forsyth, Ed- ward B. Fiske, Raleigh Farrar, Porter M. French, George V. Fleckenstein, Seward French, Irving Gordon, James S. Garlock, Frank L. Gummer, George A. Gillette, James G. Greene, Willis K. Gillette, Lovelle M. Grube, Everett O. Gibbs, Amos H. Gardner, Henry M. Hill, Edward Harris, Albert H. Harris, Joseph H. Hill, Marcus Hirschfield, John H. Hopkins, Joseph S. Hunn, Walter S. Hubbell, David Hays, Frank J. Hone, Frederick B. Hall, Pierson B. Hulett, George H. Humphrey, Joseph D. Husbands, Franklin B. Hutchinson, James L. Hotchkiss, Hubert B. Hallock, William B. Hale, Walter H. Hill, George H. Harris, James S. Havens, Fred C. Hanford, George W. Hall, Franklin S. Hutchinson, Leslie E. Hulburt, William J. Hawkins, W. Martin Jones, William Johnson, Louis H. Jack, Bartholomew Keeler, Charles R. Kreidler, John H. Keef, Charles R. King, Martin H. Kennedy, Constan- tine D. Kiehel, John F. Kinney, Charles A. Keeler, John B. Kiley, William L. Kiefer, John S. Keenan, Edward A. Keenan, Clyde W. Knapp, H. S. Kline, J. L. Luckey, Edmund Lyon, John D. Lynn, William B. Lee, Emil Ludekens, George W. Lamb, R. H. Lansing, George R. Losey, Merton E. Lewis, Charles P. Lee, Andrew Ludolph, William J. McPherson, Charles I. McDowell, Horace McGuire, Patrick Mo- Intyre, Morrison H. McMath, Charles J. Madden, Anson S. McNab, William W. Mumford, John M. Murphy, Edwin A, Medcalf, James H. Montgomery, Thomas C. Montgomery, Heman W. Morris, Benjamin F. Maxon, Edward W. Maurer, Ednor A. Marsh, J. Frank Morse, Herbert J. Menzie, George E. Milliman, Edwin Mc- Knight, Francis S. Macomber, Frederick A. Mann, Darius A. Marsh, Charles F. Miller, Harold C. Mitchell, John J. Mitchell, Samuel P. Moore, Norman A. Macpher- son, Milton Noyes, Wilbur F. Osborn, James M. E. O'Grady, John C. O'Brien, 492 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. 'Ihomas G. Outerbridge, Howard L. Osgood, James P. O'Connor, James B. Perkins, George T. Parker, Earl B. Putnam, H. Nelson Peck, William T. Plumb, Irving Paine, Chauncey Perry, Force Parker, Horace G. Pierce, Ivan Powers, C. F. Pond, Robert V. Page, D. Edgar Parsons, Maurice F. Propping, Thomas Raines, George Raines, William F. Rampe, Henry vS. Redfield, Valentine J, Rupert, Harvey F. Remington, Edward M. Redmond, Sherman R. Robinson, Charles Roe, Adolph J. Rodenbeck, George D. Reed, Derrick W. Ross, Rolliu H. Reid, Charles H. Rebasz Henry J. Sullivan, William H. St. John, Frederick W. Smith, Arthur C. Smith, James C. Smith, Eugene Satterlee, William H. Sullivan, Edwin C. Smith, jr., Fred- erick J. Smyth, David X. Salisbury, W. Dean Shuart, Darrell D. Sully, Holmes B. Stevens, John W. Stebbins, Arthur E. Sutherland, George H. Smith, Jacob Spahn, Thomas iitark, Othello H. Stevens, Joseph A. Stull, Josiah Sullivan, William H. Shaffer, A. R. Sheffer, John M. Steele, G. Fort Slocum, Edward F. Stilwell, George B. Selden, William A. Sutherland, William H. Shuart, John B. M. Stephens, Erwin E. Shutt, Herbert J. Stull, Otho S.Stull, John M. Stull, George L.Smith, Charles M. Shaw, William H. Shaw, Clarence E. Schuster, Howard W. Sneck, Ernest Snook, George W. Thomas, Joseph Ward Taylor, Edward F. Turk, George J. Trenaman, George Trues- dale, Henry D. Tucker, Horace J. Tuttle, Joe L. Thistlethwaite, Zachary P. Taylor, Stephen C. Truesdale, James S. Thompson, John C.Toole, Menzo Van Voorhis, Quincy Van Voorhis, Eugene Van Voorhis, Charles Van Voorhjs, Jonas P. Varnum, Peter H. Van Auken, Herbert L. Ward, Charles L. Williams, Thomas E. White, George E. Warner, Willllam W. Webb, Edward Webster, William H. Whiting, Robert B. Wickes, Edward F. Wellington, Charles A. Widener, Charles H. Wiltsie, Aldice G. Warren, George C. Wolcott, Richard E. White, Frederick A. Whittlesey, Solomon Wile, Ira L. Ward, Thomas D. Wilkin, Cass Williams, Lodowick M. Wooden, Homer H. Woodward, Roy C. Webster, John A. C. Wright, Christopher C. Werner, William E. Werner, Howard H. Widener, Elmer E. Wyckoff, Arthur Warren, George Wil- son, Hiram R. Wood, George D. Williams, Stephen J. Warren, Edwin A. Wood- ward, George M. Williams, Henry V. Woodward, Herbert S. Wilbur, Fred M. Whitney, Charles. E. Yale, George F. Yeoman, William H. Yerkes, Charles F. A. Young, (ieorge R. Zimmer. From the County. — D. A. Adams, John Burns, T. S. Dean, John N. Drake, Daniel Holmes, W. A. Matson, H. J. Thomas, Brockport; Frederick D. H. Cobb, E. J. Fiske, K. L. Holmes, T. L. Hulburt, S. F. Randall, Henry A. Walker, Fairport ; W. H. Dusenbury, C. A. Shuart, Honeoye Falls; Frank M. Goff, Spencerport; Hugh McKay, Webster; W. M. Richmond, Charlotte. PART II. BIOGRAPHICAL. BIOGRAPHICAL. WILLIAM J. BABCOCK. William J. Babcock was a lineal descendant of James Babcock, the founder of the Babcock family in the United States. The latter was born in Essex, England, about the year 1580. He was one of the Puritans, and in 1630 removed with his family to Leyden, in Holland to emigrate with the Pilgrims to America. He em- barked in the ship Anne early in 1623 and arrived in July at Plymouth, Mass., where he lived the residue of his life and died. James Babcock, at the time of his immi- gration, had four children: James, John, Job, and Mary, who were born in England between 1612 and 1620, and who were brought over with their father. He was mar- ried again in Plymouth, about 1650, and had one son, Joseph. James, the first child. Job, the third, and Mary, the fourth, remained with their father in Plymouth ; Joseph, the fifth, removed to Connecticut, near Saybrooke, where he made a settle- ment. John Babcock, the second son, removed with a number of others about the year 1648 into that part of Rhode Island now called Westerly township, where the com- pany began a settlement and named the place. Here he remained the residue of his life, dying July 19, 1719, aged over 100 years. He left ten children, whose descend- ants to the present time number more than 5,000. He was the first magistrate chosen in Westerly, and held the office a long time. He owned nearly all of the township and a part of South Kingston, and much of this land is now in the possession of his descendants, having been in the family nearly 200 years. Nearl}' all the offices of the township within the gift of the people were filled by members of this family for many decades. Many of the descendants of the Babcock family, like their progenitors, were among the earliest pioneers of the West. They were the first settlers of several towns in different parts of the Western States, and also took an active part in the American Revolution, many of them laying down their lives on the battlefield. Henry Babcock, born April 26, 1736, was a colonel in the British service before the war, commanded a regiment in the French war, and was wounded at the battle of Ticonderoga. During the Revolutionary war he was commanding general of the State troops of Rhode Island, and distinguished himself on many occasions. Oliver Babcock, another member of this family, was a captain in the Revolutionary army, was at the siege of Fort Washington on the Hudson, and was so indignant at the surrender by the colonel that he broke his sword across a cannon, declaring that it should never be yielded to the British. James Babcock, of 4 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. the fourth generation, married Sarah Vose, of Milton, which is seven miles from Boston. They had nine children, one of whom, Isaiah, sr., is the direct ancestor of the subject of this sketch. One of his lineal descendants was Gen. O. E. Babcock, a graduate of West Point and chief of engineers on General Grant's staff during the war of the Rebellion. Isaiah Babcock, sr , moved to Partridgefield, N. "ii^^bout 1743, and married Elizabeth Plumb, of Stonington, Conn. They had eight children. Their first son, Isaac Babcock, born in Fairfield, Conn., in IITG, married Elizabeth Wilbur, of the town of North East, now called Milan, in Dutchess county, N. Y. They moved to Monroe county, N. Y., about 1836, from Albany county. Isaac Bab- cock died in Greece, April 21, 1853, aged seventy-si.x years and four months, and his widow in Rochester, November 28, 1880, aged ninety-seven years and three months. They had twelve children : Sarah, James Morris, Phoebe, Jeptha, George, Isaac, Eliza, Henry, Stephen, Mary, William and Mary. With the exception of three of these — Will iam and Mary, who died in infancy, and Stephen, who was drowned in the Genesee River when nineteen years old — all lived to a good old age ; those who have died lived upright and prosperous lives and were respected by all who knew them. Those who are living are Gecn-ge Babcock, of Niles, Mich., a prosperous farmer, eighty-five years old; Mary Babcock, who married Cleveland Bradstreet, formerly mayor and still a resident of Rochester; and Phoebe Cornell, a widow, ninety years old, of Lockport, N.Y. James Morris Babcock, the eldest son of Isaac and Elizabeth Babcock, was born January 26, 1802, at Milan, Dutchess county, N.Y., and married Lydia E. Jackson, September 20, 1829. He was a man of sterling integrity. Having been brought up a firm believer in the doctrines of the Society of Friends, his daily life was a con- stant example of simplicity, decision of character, and life-long industry. Starting with nothing but his own mergre resources to depend upon, he won his way to suc- cess and prosperity by his individual efforts and died at his home on Clover street, in Brighton, October 24, 1886, aged eighty-four years. His widow, Lydia E^. Bab- cock, was born April 27, 1811, in Rensselaerville, Albany county, and died at her home on Clover street, Brighton, January 2."), 1890, aged seventy-nine years. She was a woman of noble character and disposition, a true and loving wife and mother, and having that great gift of charity for all she was not only missed from the home circle when she departed this life, but was missed by all who knew her. James M. and Lydia Babcock had three children: Elizabeth, born in Groveland, Livingston county, Augu.st 2, 1830, died in Rush, N.Y., January 14, 1844; Julia, born in Rush, March 28, 1841, married W. W. Hibbard, and now resides in Washington, D.C. ; and William J., born in Groveland, N.Y., September 22, 1832, died in Brighton at his home on Clover street, June 17, 1888. William J. Babcock married E. Augusta Collins, of Charlotte, N.Y., November 1, 1859. On May 26, 1862, she died, leaving a son and only child, A. Emerson Babcock. William J. Babcock was a man whom to know was to love and esteem. Fitted by education to adorn any position in life, he chose the occupation of farmer, wherein his sturdy Quaker ancestry had toiled and triumphed. His farm was one of the finest in the county, and it was in scientific experiments in growing different kinds of crops that he spent much of his time and labor. I\Iany members of the Babcock family have long been prominent Masons and William J. was also actively connected with that ancient fraternity. Christopher A. Babcock, a surgeon at Newport, R. I., in the BIOGRAPHICAL. 5 Revolutionary war and a descendant of John Babcock, previouslj^ mentioned, was a beloved member and past master of Union Lodge, Dan bury, Conn., of which General Wooster was the first master. William J. Babcock was also a disciple of gentle Isaak Walton. With advancing years his love for rural sports seemed to increase, and when he could find time for a day's sport afield in pursuit of the festive wood- cock or wily grouse he enjoyed it more if anything than his son. In purity of life, modesty of deportment, constancy of friendship, and sweetness of character, Mr. Babcock was at once an illustration and example. Those who knew him best in- timately loved him most. In politics he was a Republican and a warm supporter of Roscoe Conkling. His influence and time were often given for the interests of his party, and as he was not an office seeker he never held political office. His chief thought and desire during the latter days of his life were for the future care of his aged mother and his only son. A. EMERSON BABCOCK. A. Emerson Babcock, only son and child of William J. and E. Augusta (Collins) Babcock, was born in Charlotte, Monroe county. May 15, 1863. At an early age he attended the Greylock Institute at South Williamstown, Mass., and later became a student at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary in Lima, N. Y. Still later he pursued his studies at Oak wood Seminary at Union Springs, N. Y. , and finished at Allegheny College in Meadville, Pa. In these various institutions he took special courses, which thoroughly fitted him for the complicated duties of life. Reared on a farm he early developed a vigorous constitution, and during his collegiate training acquired a noteworthy reputation as an all around athlete. He always took an active interest in athletic sports, winning several prizes and pitching for a time for the Allegheny College base-ball team. His enthusiasm in this respect has never waned, although his activit)' in athletics has largely given place to business cares. While a student at Allegheny he enjoyed the advantages of a military training, being a member of the militia company which was disciplined and drilled b}- a governm nt officer. Upon returning from college he entered into partnership with his father, and their relations continued until the latter's death in 1888; .since then he has successfully carried on the family homestead on Clover street in Brighton, keeping it up to a high state of cultivation and making it one of the finest and most attractive rural homes m Western New York, In politics Mr. Babcock has always been especially prominent, and in this connec- tion he is now recognized as one of the active and influential leaders of his party in the county. He is an unswerving Republican, ever working for the welfare and advancement of the public, and making a clean record and an honest name. Soon after attaining his majority he was made chairman of the Republican town commit- tee, a position he filled with ability and satisfaction. He was also chosen a justice of the peace, and after serving one year resigned to accept the office of supervisor of Brighton, to which he was elected March 7, 1893, being the first man voted for and elected in the town on a Myers ballot machine. Immediately after his election the Democrat and Chronicle said: 6 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. 'I It is a matter for congratulation by the tax payers of the entire county as well as the town of Brij^hton to know that one of the men who will occupy a seat in the next Board of Supervisors is A. Emerson Babcock, the nommee of the Republicans of the town of Brighton. His friends did a wise act, not only for their party, but for their town, when they induced him to emerge from the pursuits of private life and engage in the public affairs of the county. Mr. Babcock is one of the most respected and best known Republicans in his town, a large property holder and tax payer, and a man who is conversant with the government of the county." At the close of his first term he was unanimously renominated and endorsed by the Democratic as well as the Republican caucuses and polled the votes of both par- ties. As a result of the new State constitution he is now serving out the second year of his second term. Mr. Babcock's efficient labors in the Board of Supervisors have given him a wide and favorable reputation and placed him among the leading benefactors of his time. Among his first and more noteworthy efforts was the orig- inating of a bill giving the county road system a trial. As a result the committee he named was appointed, but owing to the enormous expense involved it was obliged to report adversely. As a result of this agitation in this and other counties of the State a special committee was appointed by the State Legislature in the winter of 1895 to visit the States of Massachusetts and New Jersey and have hearings ia dif- ferent towns in New York with a view of amending the highway law in such a man- ner as to afford some permanent improvement to roads in this State. When the matter was first mtroduced in the Board of Supervisors it created a lively interest throughout the county. A epecial committee was soon appointed by the Rochester Chamber of Commerce, which was represented in the discussions before the board by William C. Barry. John A. C. Wright, secretary of the State Road Reform League, was also present and took part. Of the committee first mentioned Mr. Babcock was chairman, and in that capacity he drafted the report of their visit to the celebrated roads in Camden and Burlington counties, N. J. It was dated December 19, 1894, adopted without alteration, and received by the press and people with manifest favor and appnjval, the Post Express having an especially good editorial and the Union and Advertiser not only publishing it in full, but printing also a portrait of its author. As a public document it was critical, exhaustive, able, and instructive. This same committee reported on the improvement of post roads in the spring of 1895 with equal credit and approval. In all these agitations Mr. Babcock has been a fore- most advocate of better highways, giving to the subject the results of patient study, the intelligence of a practical farmer, and the influence of a prominent, public spir- ited citizen. He has been recognized as the chief supporter of the good roads sys- tem throughout the county, while his position in the board has been that of an able leader. He is also a prominent sportsman, and is now first vice-president of the Genesee Valley Fish and Game Protective Association and a member of the Rochester Rod and Gun Club. In the Board of Supervisors he staunchly upheld the observance of the game laws, and introduced a resolution authorizing the appointment of a special committee of three, whose duty it was to report as to the advisability of appointing special fish and game protectors under the new statute.s. The resolution was carried, and upon the favorable report of the committee the protectors were named BIOGRAPHICAL. 7 and recommended to the State Fish Commission for appointment. This effort brought forth the following official declaration, dated June 22, 1895: "The Genesee Valley Fish and Game Protective Association desire to thank its friends in the Board of Supervisors for their labors in the interest of game protec- tion, and especially Supervisor A. Emerson Babcock, who has been such a staunch advocate for the appointment of special protectors. " Frank J. Amsden, Secretary." Mr. Babcock inherited his love for rural sports from his ancestors, who took much enjoyment in shooting and fishing. Taking a lively interest in game of all kinds he has labored earnestly and persistently in preserving it for legitimate pastimes. His efforts for the general welfare have also been directed into other channels. When the annexation of Brighton village to the city of Rochester was seriously agi- tated he took an active part in defeating the project and defending the interests of the tax payers. At a public meeting in April, 1895, he made a stirring address, which had the popular approval. He has successfully looked after the rights of his constituents, and has always identified himself with the progress and advancement of not only his own town, but the entire county. On August 1, 1889, he was married in Christ's Church, Rochester, to Miss Blanche Sias, daughter of Daniel B. Sias, of Ogden, Monroe county. They have had three children : William James, born December 28, 1890 ; Ralph Burger, born September 2, 1892; and Eleanor, born July 11, 1894. OLIVER CRIPPEN. Prominent among the earliest settlers of the town of Penfield, Monroe county, was Ashley Crippen, father of Oliver, the subject of this sketch. He was the second son and fourth child of Ezra Crippen, who was born in Massachusetts, February 1, 1745, and died March 3, 1813. Ezra Crippen was a Baptist mmister in the Mohawk settlements, and married his cousin, Tabitha Crippen, whose birth occurred Decem- mber 21, 1749, and who died March 9, 1813. Their children were Tabitha, born March 16, 1770; Achsa, born June 15, 1772; Ransom, born June 27, 1776; Ashley, born February 1, 1780; Esther, born February 5, 1782; Bradley, born September 25, 1783; Clarissa, born September 13, 1785; Sally, born January 30. 1787; and New- man, born June 3, 1789. Ashley Crippen married Rebecca Winnie, and in 1808 emi- grated with his family to the Genesee country, settling on the farm in Penfield, Monroe county, now owned and occupied by Oliver Crippen' s widow and her daugh- ter, Mrs. Clara (Crippen) Lane. At that time the country was an unbroken wilder- ness, and their pioneer home, a rude log cabin standing a few feet from the present dwelling, was m the midst of a dense forest, several miles from any other habitation. They were frequently annoyed by wild animals which infested the woods on all sides in large numbers, and in after years his wife, a true pioneer woman, related the story of often driving wolves from the door with brands of fire. The Indians also were frequent and sometimes unwelcome visitors. Mr. Crippen was a wheelwright by trade, and followed that occupation for many years in connection with his agri- 8 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. cultural pursuits. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, serving at Buffalo on the Niagara frontier, and leaving his wife and two small children at home to look after the family's interests. After the war he resumed the work of clearing the farm and succeeded in accumulating a fair competency. He took a loyal interest in town affairs, and always bore the respect and esteem of his friends and neighbors. He died on the farm he had transformed from a wilderness, October 22, 1850. His wife, born March (i, 1784, survived until January, 29, 1874. Their children were Tabitha (Mrs. Isaac Merritt), Norion, Sally, (Mrs. Lucius Carter), and Oliver. Oliver Crippen, the youngest child of A.shley and Rebecca (Winnie) Crippen, was born on the farm at Penlicld upon which he spent his entire life, December 'SO, 1815. He inherited in full measure the thrifty characteristics of his Revolutionary ances- tors, his grandfather on his mother's side having been a soldier in the Revolutionary army, i rom necessity his education was limited to the district schools of his native town, but by close observation and general reading he acquired a fund of information and was well posted upon current events. Endowed with a rugged physique he assisted and finally succeeded his father on the farm, and made it a home upon which he looked with laudable pride, as many of its improvements were the result of his individual labor. » n February 8, 1838, he mai'ried Miss Mar3% daughter of John C. Loomis, of Penfield, who survives him. '1 hey began their wedded life in the old log house on the Crippen homestead, where Mr. Crippen erected the present frame dwelling in 1847, in which he died December 20, 1888, a little more than eleven months after the appropriate celebration of their fiftieth wedding anniversary, being at that time the second oldest native of the town, his brother Norton being the oldest. He left two .sons and a daughter: Heman N., of Henrietta; Henry N., of Penfield; and Clara (Mrs. Asher T. Lane), now living on the homestead. Mr. Lane was a soldier in Co. F, 3d N. Y. Cav. , enlisting from Niagara county, and being promoted corporal. He came w'ith his parents to the town of Penfield soon after 1870, and on May 27, 1879, was married to Miss Clara Crippen, who with an only daughter, Mary E., survives him. He died March 19, 1891, aged forty-six. Mr. Crippen was a man richly endowed by nature with qualities which mark the successful farmer and respected citizen. His greatest characteristic was an ardent love for home and all that word signifies. He took pride in continuing the labors of his pioneer father and cherished the fact that his was one of the oldest families in town. He was emphatically a self-made man. He steadih' pursued the even course of a private citizen, yet he always manifested a lively interest in public and town affairs, in the progress and development of local education, and in the maintenance of religion. In politics he was first a Whig and then a Republican. He was gener- ous and kind to the poor, and always commanded the respect of all who knew him. GEORGE SALMON. Gkokgk Sal.mon, one of the leading agriculturists of the town of IVnfield, was born at Treswell, Woodhouse Farm, Nottinghamshire, England, April 18, 1831, and is a son of William and Mary (Parnham) Salmon, farmers. He received such edu- cation as boys of his class usually obtained at that period, but to this necessarily ' -^^"^ J- a-^i-<^ TiMyr^y.ffyficU^ Ji^n. BIOGRAPHICAL. 9 limited knowledge of books he added continually a fund of varied information by closely observing the life with which he came in contact. Raised on the farm, he early developed a strong constitution and imbibed the habits of thrift and industry which have characterized his entire career. April 10, 1854, he was married to Miss Elizabeth Dunston, who was born at Leverton, Nottinghamshire, November 25, 1830. Two children, daughters, were born to them in England, viz., Mary (now Mrs. Charles E. Kelly, of Brighton), born at Leverton, July 17, 1855, and Annie (now Mrs. W. R. Corris, of Rochester), born at HoUinwood, Lancashire, March 31, 1857. With this family Mr. Salmon came to America in 1858 and settled in Brighton, Monroe county, where he followed the occupation of a farmer. With no no capital but native energy, perseverance and thrift, he entered upon the work of accumulating a com- petency and making a home. For the first few years he worked on salary. In 1863 he removed to the town of Penfield and for the first time engaged in farming for hnnself. Four years afterward he returned to Brighton, where he successfully fol- lowed the business of farming and market gardening until 1880, when he again came to Penfield and settled upon his present farm of 140 acres, about two miles northeast from the village. Mr. Salmon has always devoted his attention to agricultural pursuits, and is recog- nized as one of the prominent farmers of the county. Attempting only what he could carry out, he has been eminently successful, a fact due entirely to his own efforts, and largely to his personal labor. As a farmer he has always made it a point to have all crops in rotation, thus keeping the soil up to its highest standard of fer- tility and cultivation. Politicallj' he has for several years been identified with the Democratic party, though not in the sense of an office seeker or politician. In edu- cational matters he has always taken a keen interest, serving as trustee both in Brighton and Penfield, while in religion his means and support have assisted in sus- taining all churches irrespective of denomination. To the family of two children previously mentioned, six more were added in ]\Ion- roe county, namely: Sarah Jane (Mrs. Orin Loyd), of Penfield, born in Brighton, January 28, 1860; William Henry, a milk dealer in Rochester, born at Irondequoit. May 12, 1862; George Parnham, blacksmith and carriage-maker in Penfield village, born in Penfield, September 27, 1864; Charles Henry, a farmer of Penfield, born in Brighton, February 11, 1866; Frank Thomas, at home, born in Brighton, December 10, 1868; and Edward Grant, a grocer of Rochester, born in Brighton, June 24, 1872. HARVEY WHALEN. Harvey Whai.en was born in Milton, Saratoga county, N.Y., December 22, 1809. being a son of Abel and Rebecca (Van Ostrand) Whalen, who were endowed with all the attributes of a race that, transmitted, qualified their children for successful careers. When a youth of fifteen he was apprenticed to the carpenter's trade, which he followed until he attained his majority. In 1835 he removed to Penfield, Monroe county, and settled on a farm of eighty acres in the northeast part of the town. His parents accompanied him here. Here the first few years were spent in obtaining a foothold as a farmer, and many were the incidents and accidents which interrupted B 10 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. his projrrc'ss. With rare judgment and perseverance, however, coupled with an un- tarnished reputation, he finally succeeded in making a start. In 1848 he removed to his present farm, where his mother died March 2, 1855, and his father December 6, 1857, aged respectively sixty-nine years six months, and .seventy-one years six months. This farm originally comprised sixty-six acres, to which fifty more were added in 1800, and contains one of the finest and most valuable apple orchards in the county. Mr. Whalen's judgment of land has never erred, as is evinced by his selec- tion of this property at a time when it was generally considered a poor investment. He has made it one of the finest farms in Western New York, taking great pains and .sparing no expense to improve and beautify it, and erecting upon it commodious buildings and a handsome brick dwelling, the latter being built in 1875. Here at the age of eighty-six, living in comparative retirement, he is enjoying the accumulations of a well spent life — the fruits of a career replete with the labors incident to frugaUty, singleness of purpose, and constant perseverance. Originally a Whig, Mr. Whalen has been a Republican since the formation of that party, but in no sense has he ever sought public preferment. He was for many years, however, commissioner of highways, holding that office dui-ing the construction of the first iron bridges in town. He was also over.seer of the poor for some time, and was one of the originators of the old Penfield Plank Road, of which he was president and director. In these capacities he was often party to a suit at law, but never on his own account has he engaged in litigation. His career has been an eventful one, filled with hard labor, with successes and reverses; marked by a steady purpose, an unswerving adherence to convictions, by indomitable perseverance, and by the deeds of an honest, upright man. In 1840 he joined the Baptist church in Webster and for fifty-five years his attendance and support have been given to that denomination, his transfer to the Penfield Society occurring upon his removal to his present home. Conscientious to a fault he has ever sustained a reputation which posterity will re- spect, emulate and revere. His first wife, Lucinda W. Watson, died June 2, 1854, aged forty, leaving two chil- dren: Henry v., of Chicago, 111., and John B., of Sycamore, 111. His present wife was Mrs. Sarah A. Wheeler, daughter of Philo Curtiss. Her maternal grandfather, Daniel Wilson, was the first occupant of Mr. Whalen's present farm, his .settlement occurring March 4, 1806; his daughter Sally, mother of Mrs. Whalen, was born in Penfield in 1804 and died on this place October 10, 1879. Mr. Whalen's children by his second marriage are Charles C, H. Wilson, and Howard C. All reside at home and follow the example of their worthy father. CHARLES S. WRIGHT. Foremost among the older and more prominent residents of the town of Webster, Monroe county, is Charles S. Wright, who was born in Bennington, Wyoming county, N. Y., June 19, 1821. He descends from respected New England ancestry, whose sturdy and thrifty characteristics he inherits in full measure. His parents were Levi and Arathusia (Brigham) Wright, natives of New Hampshire, who emi- 2, mU./AOj^^^ BIOGRAPHICAL. 11 grated to Western New York at a very early day. Levi Wright was a soldier in the war of 1812, was taken prisoner at the battle of Fort Ticonderoga, and was ex- changed at Greenbush for an English trooper. At the time of his death he was in receipt of a pension, which now goes to his second wife, who was Esther Whitmore, and who resides in Illinois. Charles S. remained at home until he attained the age of thirteen, working on the farm summers and attending district school winters. At that time the mother died and the fatlier moved to Webster, where he married again. Young Wright then commenced the work of taking care of the family, laboring by the month, obtaining such schooling as the leisure of winters afforded, and engaging in various business until he reached his majority. Prior to this he was for two years with Turner & Grant and Dyer, Hollister & Amon Bronson in the lumber business in Allegany county, devoting his whole time and energies to his employers and re- ceiving remunerative wages. Dependent as he was from a youthful age upon his own resources his education was necessarily limited to the common schools, but to- the knowledge he acquired there he persistently added a rich fund of general in- formation by reading, observation, and practical experience, and these habits have characterized his whole life. Meanwhile his father had returned to Wyoming county and subsequently removed to Bethany, Genesee county, and from there, in 1842, the family, including Charles S., emigrated to Somonauk, 111., with a pair of horses, the journey occupying thirty-five days. They arrived on July 15, and the father re- mained, purchased land, and died in the possession of a handsome property at the age of seventy-four. Charles S. Wright engaged in staging until November, 1842, when, on account of severe illness in the settlement and the extreme tmhealthfulness of the place, he re- turned to New York State and settled permanently in the town of Webster, Monroe county. The first year he worked by the month. On October 3, 1844, he married Sabrina G. Robb, who for fifty-one years has been his faithful and efficient helpmeet. Reared a farmer and early inured to the arduous labors of a farmer's life, I\Ir. Wright has always followed agricultural pursuits. He has been eminently successful, a fact due solely to his indomitable perseverance, his unceasing activity, and his great business ability. In purchasing land his inflexible rule has been to never run in debt, and in this, applied also to other transactions, lies the secret and fundamental principles of his unqualified success. He settled on his present farm northeast of Webster village in 1849, and has made it one of the finest rural properties in the country, adorning it with substantial buildings, and prolific orchards. I'or nearly forty years Mr. Wright has been actively and prominently identified with the official life of both town and county. In 1858 he was elected commissioner of highways, and in 1859 he received the election of overseer of the poor. At this time the poor department of the town was in a very depleted condition, but Mr. Wright discharged the duties of both offices to the full satisfaction of the taxpayers. A few years previously he had left the ranks of the Free Soil Democrats and affiliated with the Republicans, signing the call to organize that party in the State, and ad- vocating the election of Fremont as president. Since then he has staunchly sup- ported the cause of Republicanism. In 1860 he was elected supervisor of the town of Web.ster and held that office for five years, or during the Rebellion. In this capacity the work he performed was invaluable. He was always at his post in the board, served on many important committees in regular session, and was associated ii Landmarks of monroe county. with the late Hon. Donald McNaughton in closing up much outside business caused by that memorable war. In 1804 he was appomted by Gov. Reuben E. Fenton to personally make a correct enrollment of all men in his town liable to a draft, and in the same year town bonds were issued to the amount of §24,000 to aid in furnishing soldiers and substitutes for drafted men. One-half of these bonds were payable Feb- ruary 15, 1865, and the remainder one year later. Substitutes were furnished to fill the quota, the §24,000 was raised on the taxable property, and the bonded indebted- ness was fully paid at maturity — all by Mr. Wright in the capacity of supervisor. In 1869 he was elected to represent the first assembly district of Monroe county in the State Legislature, and in 1870 was re-elected to the same office. In October, 1871, he received the appointment of railroad commissioner of the town of Webster for the purpose of issuing town bonds to aid in constructing the then Lake Ontario Shore railroad (now the R., W. & O.). Several suits were commenced to test the legality of these bonds, but the bonding proceedings were declared legal, the bonds were issued, and payments have been made from time to time as they became due, which required a large amount of work on the part of the commissioner. Mr. Wright has continuously held this responsible position to the present time with entire satis- faction to all interested parties. On April 3, 1873, he was appointed notary public, an office he has efficiently filled ever since. After this he was again elected town overseer of the poor and efficiently discharged the duties of that position for several years, placing it once more upon a firm and satisfactory basis. It is as a conveyancer, guardian, and administrator that Mr. Wright is most widely and favorably known. June 19, 1866, he was elected a trustee of the Monroe County Insane Asylum and served in that capacity twenty-six consecutive years, during six of which he was president of the board. At the beginning of his service the asylum was in its infancy ; it has since been four times enlarged and its capacity increased fourfold, and much of its success is due to his practical economy and good judgment. He was one of the first to advocate the introduction of kind and humane treatment in the care of those deprived of liberty, and in various other directions his progres- sive ideas and great influence materially advanced the institution to its present standard of efficiency. While yet a trustee Mr. Wright was appointed a committee for eight persons of unsound mind, some of whom had property while others were entitled to pensions from the government. In every case the object for which he was appointed was a perfect success. The survivors among those eight persons now receive pensions and are no longer public charges. Nearly all the services in this capacity he has given gratuitously, and the loiig, constant work involved cannot be comprehended or appreciated. Mr. Wright is emphatically a self-made man, and as a public benefactor he stands among the foremost of his time. In the Legislature no man was more attentive to duty or acquired a better reputation as an earnest worker. Always depending upon his judgment, he took an active part in all great questions and served with marked ability on such important committees as banking, federal relations, agriculture, etc. This trait of fidelity has marked his entire life. He has always borne the respect, confidence, and esteem of every one who knew him, and for many years has been guardian, administrator, and conveyancer to a large number of interests. He has probably settled more estates than any other man in town, and ever since his legisla- tive service he has not only acted in this capacity but also in the capacity of drawing BIOGRAPHICAL. 13 wills, conveyances, and other legal documents. Although not an attorney or a claim agent he has nevertheless successfully attended to numerous pensionary claims of veterans of the Rebellion, obtaining in every case attempted a pension for the appli- cant and giving valuable services in this connection almost without remuneration. This work, appreciated as it is by scores of old soldiers, has brought him frequently into close relations with the pension department, while his labors as an administrator have given him much practice in Surrogate's Courts. Mr. Wright has had born to him three sons: Ansel E., born May 2, 1848, super- visor of Webster since 1891 and for the past two years chairman of the board; Elwyn R., born September 22, 1850, of Avon, Livingston county; and Dufay, born Septem- ber 14, 1857, of Webster. ANDREW LINCOLN. Somewhere between 1633 and 1637 three brothers of the name of Lincoln emigrated from England to America. One of them settled in Massachusetts, and from him Josiah Lincoln, of Cape Cod, town of Eastham, Barnstable county, Mass., descended. His son, Andrew Lincoln, was born there September 27, 1784, and inherited all the sterling characteristics of his race. He enjoyed but meagre advantages in the youth- ful pursuit of knowledge except as they came to him in the form of hard work and practical experience. At the age of fourteen, with five dollars in his pocket, young Andrew left home and learned the trade of carpenter and joiner. In 1816 he came to the town of Perinton, Monroe county, where he followed carpentering one season, working al.so in Henrietta, Brighton, etc. In 1818 he removed to the farm in Perin- ton, near Penfield village, now owned and occupied by his son Josiah K., where he spent the remainder of his life. Engaging in farming he owned at the time of his death about 350 acres of land besides one of the most valuable mill properties in the count}^ In 1821 he formed a partnership with Samuel Rich as Rich & Lincoln and built the first merchant grist mill and the third mill of any kind in the town. It had three runs of stone and stood on Irondequoit Creek on the opposite side of the road from the present stone mill — on a site that has ever smce yielded a valuable income to its owners. His first mill pond embraced about twenty-five acres. About 1836 he became sole owner of the property, and for many years did the most of the milling business for miles around. In 1847 he built a new dam and the present stone mill, and in doing so doubled the area of the old mill pond. This mill originally had four runs of stone and two overshot wheels, employed constantly four millers, and was succes.sfully conducted by Mr. Lincoln until his death November 26, 1866, when it passed to its present owner, W. H. WoodhuU. This mill was designed principally for merchant work at a cost of $25,000, the stone for it being drawn by teams in win- ter from what is known as the 1,600-acre tract, six miles di-stant, in the town of Pen- field. It has since been converted into a modern roller flour mill and is now one of the best equipped establishments of the kind in this section. Mr. Lincoln did an ex- tensive business, which penetrated into remote sections of the country. He owned a canal boat and shipped large quantities of flour to Albany, New York, and else- where, whence it was sold throughout the east. On this same stream, near the grist 14 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. mill, he conducted a large saw mill for about thirty-five years. With Benjamin Arey, under tlie style of Lincoln & Arey, he also carried on a tannery for a period of twenty years, furnishing in the three establishments employment for a large force of skilled artisans and doing a business which rivaled in magnitude any similar enter- prise in Western New York. For a few years he was also interested in a store m Penfield under the firm name of Harvey & Lincoln. Mr. Lincoln was originally a Whig and later a Republican, but never an office seeker. Ever true to his convictions he remained the quiet, enterprising citizen, and although not a church member yet he gave liberally of his means for the mainte- nance and promotion of gospel work, owning at one time a pew m each of the three edifices in his neighl^orhood. He possessed a fund of general information, which he acquired by diligent reading and close observation. In educational matters he was one of the leaders of his time. He was a founder of and a generous contributor to the old Penfield Seminary, and had the contract to furnish the lumber for its con- struction. His wife, Miss Sarah A., daughter of Jacob Kennedy, was born in Sherburne, Chenango county, N. Y., in 1801, and removed with her father's family to Brighton at a very early day. After her marriage to Mr. Lincoln in Henrietta, January 31, 1827, she resided in Perinton until her death in 1883. She was of Scotch descent and well qualified for the duties of a pioneer woman in the then wilderness of Western New York. With a skill which would now be considered a talent she could take flax or wool in the rough and card, spin, weave, and make it into all kinds of wearing apparel for the family's use and comfort. She was one of the first members of the Baptist church at the Upper Corners prior to its removal to Penfield village in 1839, and throughout life maintained an active interest in Sabbath school work. Her grandfather, Andrew Kennedy, a sea captain, married Amy Wentworth and settled in Milton near Boston. Miss Wentworth was a lineal descendant of the titled family of the name in England, who trace their common ancestry to Reginald Went- worth in 1066, as is shown by the "Wentworth Genealogy," by Hon. John Went- worth, LL.D. They had six children: Harriet (Mrs. B. A. Baird), of Salt Lake City, Utah; Andrew W., Charlton U., and Josiah, of Perinton; Sarah A. (deceased); and Sarah A., 2d (Mrs. William Fellows), of Penfield. JOSIAH K. LINCOLN. JosiAH K. Lincoln, youngest son and fourth child of Andrew and Sarah A (Ken- nedy) Lincoln, was born on his present farm in Perinton, near Penfield village, Sep- tember 11, 1835. His education was limited to the district schools, supplemented by a brief attendance at the Clover Street Seminary near Brighton. At the age of four- teen he went to Boston, Mass., where he was employed for nearly three years in a wholesale flour commission house. Since then he has resided in Perinton, and upon his father's death succeeded to the homestead. He has always been a farmer, a vo- cation in which his success has been marked. For several years prior to the death of his father he was also actively engaged in the management of the extensive mill property. ^i' war, but deserted, and was afterward a gar- dener on Long Island. Mr. and Mrs. Todd had born to them six sons and one daughter, namely: David, of Rochester; John, Sylvester, Jackson, and Mary Ann, who died young; Albert, of Ypsilanti, Mich. ; and Orin W., who occupies the home- stead in Greece. David Todd was born in Peekskill, Westchester county, N. Y., April 15, 1320, and removed to the Genesee country with his parents in 182G He was educated in the district schools of Greece, and remained on the paternal farm until he attained the age of twenty-three. His early life was not unlike that of other farmer's boys. Inured to hard labor on the tree-covered acres of what was then little better than a frontier, he developed a rugged constitution and acquired the habits of thrift which characterize old-time inhabitants. In 1843 he married Eliza, daughter of Abram Speer, an early settler of Greece, and engaged in farming for himself on a seventy- acre tract near the homestead. After three years he purchased a wood lot of about eighty acres of his father, and soon added to this an adjoining sixty acres. He con- tinued to buy and sell adjacent real estate until he finally owned some 340 acres of as fine farming land as can be found in Western New York. It was situated on the famous Ridge Road, about seven miles from Rochester, and contained substantial buildings, prolific orchards, and every modern improvement — all the result of Mr. Todd's individual labors and active management. In 1888 he sold this hand.some property for §40,0(JO, and moved to the city of Rochester, where he has since lived a retired life, enjoying the fruits of a profitable career. Mr. Todd has always affiliated with the Democratic party, and for two years rep- resented the town of Greece on the Board of Supervisors. Public spirited, ever manifesting a deep interest in local affairs, supporting with marked liberality all g(X)d movements, and lending his influence in the cause of progress and advancement, he has always borne the respect and esteem of his townsmen and enjoyed the intimate friendship of a wide circle of acquaintances. His estimable wife died May 11, 1884, leaving two daughters: Mary Frances, at home, and Sarah Elizabeth (Mrs. Thomas Pryor), of Greece. CHARLES H. CARROLL. John Cakroi.i., the great-grandfather of the subject of this memoir, descended from one of the most ancient and honorable families of Ireland, and was born in Philadelphia, Pa., in 1752. With his brother Daniel, the wealthy shipowner of that city, he was very active in the cause of American Independence, contributing both labor and means for freedom from Engli.sh tyranny. He was a cousin of Charles Carroll, of Carmlltou, one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and manifested great patriotism throughout the Revolutionary war. Before the close of that struggle he came to New York State and married Marie Van Alstyne, daughter of the famous Mohawk Valley patriot of that name. Their son William married Appylonia, daughter of Col. Charles Ingersoll, of Great Barrington, Mass. Hamil- ton Merritt Carroll, son of William, wedded Martha Kenwood, dciughter of an officer BIOGRAPHICAL. 19 of the British army, who inherited a large estate in Canada, where Charles H. Car- roll, their son, was born in 1851. Charles H. Carroll was educated for the law, but his father, through bad invest- ments, lost all his property, and he turned his attention to mercantile pursuits. He entered the dry goods house of G. Doeltz & Brother in Detroit, Mich., and remained four years, when he went to the establishment of Barnes, Bancroft & Co. in Buffalo, N. Y., and remained five years. He then (1881) came to Rochester and established business for himself under the firm name of Carroll, Beadle & Mudge. which still continues, and of which he has always been the senior member. This concern is now one of the largest, best known, and most prosperous in the city, and carries a com- plete line of dry goods, millinery, cloaks, upholstery, etc. As a business man Mr. Carroll has been very successful. He is a member of the Rochester Club and the Rochester Yacht Club. HENRY E. vSTANLEY. Henry E. Stanley, the second son and child of Erastus and Lucy Ann (Dicken- son) Stanley, worthy representatives of an English ancestry, was born in New Hart- ford, Oneida county, N.Y., February 18, 1808. His parents, who were liberally en- dowed with all the habits of thrift and energy which characterized old-time New Englanders, removed to that town from Hartford, Conn., at a very early day. There the lad received his education, which was necessarilj' confined to the district schools, the advantages for obtaining a knowledge of common English at that period being few and meagre. While yet a youth his father removed with the family to Monroe county and settled on a farm on Allen's Creek, in the town of Brighton, where Mr. Stanley, pere, built one of the first saw mills in the neighborhood. There the father died in 1852 and the mother in 1864. Both were prominent and active members of the old Brighton Congregational church, and well qualified for the duties of pro- gressive pioneers. Their abundant traits of native energy were transmitted in full measure to their five children, of whom four were sons. Erastus Stanley took a quiet but effective interest in town affairs, lending to every good movement an in- fluence and public spirit which placed him among the leading men of his time. He was long connected, with the old State militia and ever foremost in annual trainings. Upon the death of his parents Henry E. Stanley succeeded to the homestead, pay- ing off the other heirs and living there until 1870. He also conducted the saw mill previously mentioned, and successfully maintained and improved the business inter- ests his father had founded. He was always a great worker and a life-long farmer, and for many years assisted in the support of the family, being virtually its head and manager. In 1870 he purchased and removed to the farm of seventy-five acres on the same stream in Penfield, which his heirs now own, and which is situated about two miles northeast of the old homestead. This he greatly improved and beautified, making it one of the best farms in the county. It was bought by C. W. Austin in 1847 and conducted by him for twenty-three years. Early in 1877, his health failing, Mr. Stanley moved to Brighton village, where he died on the 7th of September fol- lowing. 20 Landmarks of monroe cotJNTy. In all the relations of life Mr. Stanley sustained the confidence, respect and esteem of every person who had ever enjoyed his acquaintance. His word was as good as his bond. Charitable, kind and generous to a fault, his deeds and acts of benev- olence are imperishable monuments to a just man. The poor were special objects of his goodness and always testified their gratitude in marks of respectful admiration. His character and reputation were above reproach. His tastes were emphatically domestic. In the bosom of his family he found that sweet happiness and celestial enjoyment which a refined and trustful nature invariably craves. There all his aspirations centered, and there he was best known and most appreciated. He was an earnest and constant Christian, but never made a parade of his religion. His habits, his whole life, were unostentatious, yet from them there emanates a lasting influence for good. He was a life-long member of the CongregaMonal church and for many years one of its honored trustees. He always manifested a keen interest in town affairs and favored every movement which had for its object the advance- ment and good of the community. Educational, religious, social, business and public matters constantly received his encouragement and assistance. Being a great reader, he was well posted upon general topics. He lived the life of a quiet citizen, and, dying, was mourned by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. On Decembers, 1862, Mr. Stanley married Miss Mary A., daughter of C. W. Austin, who survives him. She was born in 1841, and moved with her parents from Ontario county to Penfield in 1845. They had born to them three daughters: Addic E. (Mrs. W. E. Burrows), w-ho resides with her husband on the farm in Penfield ; Minnie A., of the same place; and Cora L. (Mrs. W. H. Salmon), of Rochester. ICHABOD LEONARD. IcHAiiou Leonard, jr., the subject of this memoir, was of the seventh generation in direct descent from Solomon Leonard, the founder of the family in America, who emigrated with the Puritans from England in 1020. Ichabod Leonard, sr., youngest of thirteen children of Dan Leonard, originally .settled in Eastern Massachusetts, w^hence he subsequently removed to Pittsfield, in that State. He was born July 11, 1771, and on October 15, 1795, married Sarah Stearns, whose birth occurred April 9, 1775. Their children, all natives of Pittsfield, were Samuel, born July 27, 1796, died in Michigan; Ichabod, jr., born April 2 J, 1798; Friend, a carpenter and bridge builder, born September 28, 1800, died in Indiana, January 20, 1850; Nathaniel W., born February 27, 1804, died June 25, 1834; Mary Ann, born September 4, 1808, died April 11, 1840; and Chauncey, born June 19, 1816, died in Michigan in 1893. Samuel, the eldest, served in the War of 1812, while his uncle, Dan Leonard, jr., partici- jjated in the American Revolution. In 1816 Ichabod Leonard, jr., removed to the then wilderness of Western New York and thus became the pioneer of the family in the Genesee country. Soon after- ward his parents and brothers and sister joined him, and all settled on a farm in the town of Brighton, Monroe county. Friend, Nathaniel W., and Chauncey engaged in carpentering and building while the others followed farming. Ichabod, jr., also found employment in hauling stone from the quarries near the falls of the (ienesee BIOGRAPHICAL. 21 for the first court-house in Monroe county, which was erected in 1821, and in after years he was fond of relating his experiences with rattlesnakes, then so plentiful among the rocky banks of the river. In 1823 the family removed to Penfield, where Mr. Leonard purchased of Samuel Rich the farm on which his son George R., now resides. There the parents Hved the residue of their lives. Ichabod Leonard, sr., died August 30, 1856, surviving his wife a little more than twenty-three years, her death occurring February 27, 1833. Ichabod Leonard, jr., was a life-long farmer. Receiving only the limited educa- tion which the public .schools of his day and generation afforded, he was nevertheless possessed of a large fund of general knowledge, and always sustained the reputa- tion of being well posted upon current events. He was emphatically a self-made man. Youthfully inured to the hard and wearying labors of a frontier farmer, and endowed with the strong constitution and rugged physique that characterized old- time New Englanders, he was thoroughly equipped for the career he so successfully followed, and in which he accumulated a comfortable competency. Coming into this section at a period when the forests were in their primitive condition he im- bibed a love and reverence for nature, and throughout life advocated with shrewd foresight the preservation of natural timber. This was long before any organized effort had been inaugurated for the purpose. He was first and last a private citizen, preferring the quietude of home to the strife and turmoil of public preferment, yet he ever manifested a lively interest in town aft'airs and in the general progress of the community. Charitable, kind and public spirited, he sustained the reputation of an honest, upright citizen, and at his death, February 18, 1867, was mourned by a wide circle of warm friends and acquaintances. In politics he was an old-time Whig and afterward a Republican. During the days of the old State militia he was prominent in general trainings and received a lieutenant's commission. He was an influential factor in local education and was one of the originators of the old Pen- field Seminary, of whose board of trustees he was for several years a member. His activity in sustaining this worth}' institution placed him among the leading advo- cates of advanced education in the county. July 3, 1834, Mr. Leonard married Miss Laura H. Northrup, who was born in Smith- field, Madison county, N. Y., in 1798. She was endowed with rare qualities of head and heart, and was an active member of the Penfield Presbyterian church, with which the whole family have been connected either as communicants or attendants. She died March 10, 1846, leaving four children: Charles N., Laura E. (since de- ceased), George R. (residing on the homestead) and Sarah E. The three living re- side in the town of Penfield. JAMES HARRIS. James Harris has been a life-long resident of the town of Penfield, Monroe county, where he was bom July 7, 1821. His paternal ancestors were Scotch, and .possessed all the rugged and thrifty characteristics of their race. William Harris, sr., a man of great native ability, married Mary Kilpatrick, whose family were prom- inent in the highlands of Scotland and date back to the times of Wallace and Bruce 22 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. In 1802 they came to America and settled with their children in Fulton county, N.Y. William Harris, jr., their eldest son, was married in April, 180(5 (at the age of twen- ty-two) to Sally Shoecraft, oldest daughter of John Shoecraft. .Mr. Shoecraft entered the continental army from Ulster county and served in the Revolutionary war under General Washington. At the close of the war he married in Washington county, N. Y., Betsey McKee, whose family were among the most prominent and earliest settlers in that section. They subsequently settled in Fulton county. In June, 1806, Will- iam Harris, jr., and his newly wedded wife and John Shoecraft with his family em- igrated to the Genesee country and made settlements in what is now the town of Webster, where Mr. Shoecraft and two sous were participants in the State militia during the war of 1812, There Mr. Harris taught the iirst organized school in 1810. A few years later he removed to a farm in the town of Penfield, where he resided the residue of his life, dying in December, 1842. He was possessed of an excellent ed- ucation, which he had received amid the. "banks and braes" of old Scotia. Endowed with the attributes of a line nature and gifted with an unusual amount of intellectual ability he was a man of rare judgment, of deep penetration, and of great energy. He was often consulted on difficult problems and his opinions were seldom questioned. Although a Scotch Presbyterian he was at all times a liberal mindedand conscientious believer in the doctrines of universal freedom and ever maintained the right of in- dividual convictions. He industriously got at the truth by studying and reading both .sides of a subject. In politics he was a Whig, a strong Clintonian, an ardent admirer of Henry Clay, and a staunch supporter of General Harrison, and his aid and influence were constantly given in the promotion of public movements, both State and local. He always took a prominent part and an active interest in town affairs, and although in no sense an office seeker yet he served for several years as assessor. Of his eleven children the eldest, a son, died in early manhood, and the youngest, a daughter, in infancy; the others lived to maturity and old age, viz.: Mary K. (Mrs. Abncr P. Osborn), Betsey M. (Mrs. John M. Watson), Sally, (Mrs. Albert Raymond), William, (a successful farmer and owner of the homestead upon which he died in September, 188(5), and Martha (Mrs. Hiram W. Allen), all deceased ; and James, George F., Robert, and Peter, all substantial farmers in Penfield. James Harris, the subject of this memoir, was educated in the district .schools and finished with two terms at a select school in Penfield village. His opportunities in this connection were limited, but by per.sisteut study, back of w-hich was a worthy ambition, he succeeded in acquiring a thorough knowledge of the ordinary English branches. His father was an able teacher, and through him the youth attained a fair degree of proficiency. At the age of nineteen he taught a district school, and continued teaching for seven winters, working on the paternal farm summers. The two vocations gave him a good opportunity for development, which he improved to the fullest extent. Before he was twenty-two, and while yet engaged in teaching, he was elected a justice of the peace and held that office four years. Afterwards he served as town clerk and town superintendent of schools. In 1843 he was appointed by William C. Bouck, governor of New York, as captain of a uniformed company of militia attached to the 52d Regiment, and in that capacity made many valued ac- quaintances. His experience as a teacher abundantly qualified him for an able ad- vocate of local education, in which he has always manifested an active interest, and for the progress of which he has been a generous benefactor. He was an incorpo- BIOGRAPHICAL. 23 rator of the old Penfield Seminary in 1857 and served as trustee during the existence of that institution, being the first president of the board and holding that office many years. When the seminary had outlived its usefulness he was made a member of the committee to procure the passage of a legislative act authorizing the sale of the property to the Penfield graded school. Prior to this, between 1850 and 1857, he was successfully engaged in general merchandising in the village, where he conducted a large trade. In the political arena of the town Mr. Harris was long a prominent and influential factor. Originally a Whig and then a Republican he has given his party and his constituents the service of a conscientious, faithful, and honest citizen, working for both with a fidelity born of true public spirit and patriotism. No man sustains a better reputation. Earnest, active, and consistent, advocating and supporting the cause of his party and its candidates, and taking the keenest interest in the general welfare and advancement, he has always been recognized as one of the able and trusted leaders. In 1853 he was elected supervisor of Penfield by a large majority and satisfactorily held that office by successive elections for fifteen out of the fol- lowing twenty-two years. When the war of the Rebellion broke out in 1861 himself and brothers took an active part in promoting the Union cause. Immediately after the fall of Fort Sumter a special town meeting was called for the purpose of adopting suitable measures and appointing a committee of public safety, of which Mr. Harris was one of the three members, a position he held until elected supervisor again in the spring of 1864, when the business of that organization was placed entirely in his hands and so contintinued until the close of the war and during the " reconstruction period " which followed. His valuable labors in this connection are worthy of more than a passing notice. Supported and aided by a majority of the leading citizens of the community he filled the town's quotas without a single inhabitant being drafted, save a few who were drafted early in the war under the act conferring option of service or payment of $300 each. His method was purely a business transaction. The call had been for one year men, and the town offered a bounty of §500 to each vohmteer. Realizing that men could be had for three years without increasing the bounties if the bonds were converted into cash, he wisely discriminated in favor of the longer term of enlistment, raised the necessary money, and filled the quota with three years' men to the number of sixty- three and bonds were issued to the amount of $31,500, and when the war closed the State, under the law equalizing bounties, paid back nearly two-thirds of this .sum, or about §20,000, to the town. All this occurred while Mr. Harris was in charge of the business as supervisor, and reflects ju'st credit upon his ability and shrewd management. He was continued in the office for several years afterward and satisfactorily carried out the plans and obligations he had in- augurated during those "times that tried men's souls." As a member of the board of supervisors and chairman of its finance committee he was prominent among the instigators of the law which changed the system formerly pursued in the county treas- urer's office to its present status, and which involved not only the disposition of pub- lic moneys but of returned taxes as well. And he was the first treasurer of the county to promulgate and place in operation the new law he had been instrumental in fram- ing, being elected to that office by a handsome majority in the fall of 1875, taking it October 1, 1876, and serving acceptably and efficiently a term of three years. Upon 24 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. the expiration of that term he retired permanently to private life, and has ever since devoted his time to his property interests. Mr. Harris was never in any exclusive sense a politician, but has ever taken a lively interest in public affairs, and in every capacity has added lustre to his reputa- tion as an able and upright citizen. Charitable, fair minded, and honest, imbued with all the sterling characteristics of his race, and possessed of a keen discrimination for right and justice, he is an illustrious example of a self-made man, and has lived a life worthy of emulation. He has always been a liberal contributor to the cause of education and religion, sustaining and encouraging every movement which had for its object the welfare and advancement of humanity. With his family he sustains regular relations to the Baptist church of Pen held. Having been practically a life- long agriculturist he has ever given to rural interests an enthusiasm formed in early boyhood, and in matters of good government, good roads and good morals his aid and support is always foremost. He settled upon his present farm a little east of Penfield village on April 1, 1866; he also owns two other farms nearby, or a total of 2.0 acres, upon allof which are substantial buildings and fruitful orchards. He takes a great interest in matters of local history and is a member of the Monroe County Historical Society. He was a charter member of the Association of Supervisors and ex-Supervisors of Monroe County, and at its annual meeting on Augnst 7, 1895, was unanimously elected its president. December 1, 1847, Mr. Harris married, first, Martha M., daughter of William Pope, of Penfield. She died January 1, 1880, leaving four children: James Darwin, a far- mer living in Fairport village; Robert, who died in November, 1887, aged thirty-one; George H., junior member of the law firm of Werner & Harris, of Rochester, who resides at home; and Mary K., at home. Mr. Harris's present wife, whom he mar- ried February 21, 1883, was the widow of Horace P. Lewisandadaughter of Charles Lacey, formerly of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. They have two children, Charles Lacey and Angie K. W. H. STOKES. W. H. Stokes, second child and oldest son of Jonathan A. and Maria (Van Valk- enburg) Stokes, was born m the town of Ontario, Wayne county, within four miles of his present residence at Union Hill in Monroe county, on August 26, 1859. His great-grandfather, Jonathan Stokes, a native of Scotland, was a commissioned officer in the Revolutionary war and was taken prisoner by the British. He settled in Dutchess county. N. Y., where his son Richard was born on the 2 st of February, 1800. Richard Stokes was a man of great intellectual ability. About 1824 he emi- grated to Western New York and settled in the town of Ontario, Wayne county, where he died June 10, 1878. He was a life-long farmer, and being a constant reader was well posted on current events. He married Eliza, daughter of Augustus Norton, by whom he had four children. Mr. Norton came to Ontario from Greene county, N. Y., in 1810. and died there in 1859. Jonathan A. Stokes, the eldest child of Rich- ard and Eliza, was born in Ontario September 13, 1827, and lived there a farmer, during his active life, dying at Union Hill, Monroe county, March 2S, 1S!M. Origi- BIOGRAPHICAL. 25 nally a Whig and afterward a Republican lie was long- a prominent fator in local pol- itics, and upon attaining his majority was elected town superintendent of schools, which in those days was an important office. He was subsequently as.sessor, high- way commissioner, deputy sheriff, etc., and in every capacity bore the reputation of an honest, upright, and influential citizen. In February, 1862, he enlisted as a pri- vate in Co. H, 22d N. Y. Vol. Cav., and served until the close of the Rebellion, par- ticipating in all the engagements of his regiment. He was the first commander of Myron M. Fish Post, G. A. R., of Ontario, of which he was one of the originators. November 8, 1856, he married Maria Van Valkenburg, of Walworth, N. Y., who sur- vives him and resides with her son at Union Hill. They had seven children, as fol- lows; Jennie E. (Mrs. James D. Parker), deceased; W. H., of Union Hill; George, Frank A. and Carrie, deceased; Minnie F. (Mrs. James Olbright), of Ontario Center ; and Anna E., of Union Hill. W. H. Stokes, after attending the district schools of his native town, finished his education at Walworth Academj' in Wa^me county. Inheriting the sterling charac- teristics of a long line of sturdy Scotch ancestry, and endowed by nature with a good constitution, he early developed all the attributes which make the successful man. After leaving the academy he engaged in teaching school, a vocation he contmued for five terms. His tastes and inclinations, however, were of a business trend, and resolving to enter mercantile trade he came, in 1884, to Union Hill, in the town of Webster, where he became a clerk in the store of F. M. Jones. In the fall of 1886 he purchased the stock and leased the premises, and entered into active business for himself. Four years later he bought the store property, and in 1894 enlarged the building to its present proportions, making it one of the largest, neatest, and best general country stores in Western New York. Besides this and the residence ad- joining he owns an attractive lot and dwelling in Union Hill which he purchased and built in 1893. Being a Republican he has always taken an active interest in town affairs, and is popular not only in his own community but wherever he is known. As a general merchant he has been very successful, attaining through strict attention to business a wide and favorable reputation. On June 25, 1889, he was appointed postmaster at Union Hill, which office he still holds. October 6, 1886, Mr. Stokes was married to Miss Mattie L., daughter of John and granddaughter of Byron Woodhull, both of Webster. Byron Woodhull was one of the earliest settlers of the town. He had a grist and saw-mill on the lake road for many years, and at the time the old court house was built he was judge of Monroe county. He was long a prominent Whig in political affairs, and was known throughout Western New York. Of his five sons four are living, three of them, Benja- min, William and John, in the town of Webster. John Woodhull was born here October 11, 1824. An only daughter died young. JAMEvS II. THATCHER. James H. Th.xtciier, a veteran of the Rebellion, was born in the town of Ontario, Wayne county, N.. Y., September 17, 1840. His grandfather, Peter Thatcher, a na- tive of Rhode Island, served along Lake Champlain during the KevoUuionary war. 26 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. and about the beginning of this century settled with his wife, Phebe, on a farm in Ontario, where both lived and died. He also participated in the war of 1812, serving on the Niagara frontier. They had twelve children, of whom Cyrus was the third. Cyrus Thatcher was bom in Ontario and spent his entire life there, dying July 23, 1890, aged seventy-six. He w-as always a farmer and succeeded to a part of the original homestead, but during some thirty years preceding his death resided on a farm an the Ridge road, where his widow now lives. He married Mercy, daughter of John Gage, of Ontario, and had five children Ellen Sophronia (wife and widow of Dr. Edson J. Whitcomb, now Mrs. Oscar F. Whitney), of Ontario; James H., the subject of this memoir; Riley L., who enlisted in the 146th N. Y. Vols, and died in the army in 1865 at Warrenton, Va. ; Amelia Lurissa (Mrs. Albert Hathaway), of Lansing, Mich. ; and Frank P., who died aged twenty-two. James H. Thatcher was reared, on the paternal farm, and inherited the thrifty characteristics and noble patriotism of his worthy ancestors. He attended the dis- trict schools of his native town and finished at the old Webster Academy, which was long ago destroyed by fire. In the outdoor life of agricultural pursuit he acquired a strong, robust constitution, while the educational advantages he enjoyed equipped a naturally bright intellect for the various duties of life. On the 8th of August, 1S62, following a strong patriotic impulse to aid his country m her hour of peril, he enlisted at Ontario in Co. B, 138th N. Y. Vol. Inft., which w-as afterwards changed to the 9th N. Y. Heavy Artillery. In this he served until the close of the war, being honorably mustered out of service at Syracuse as first sergeant on July 24, 1865. His army life from first to last was characterized by faithful adherence to duty and the highest and noblest patriotism. He participated in all the battles and engagements of his regiment, notably Cold Harbor, both Petersburgs, Sailor's Creek, Winchester, Cedar Creek, and Appomattox, being present at the final charge at Petersburg, at Lee's Surrender, and at the grand review in Washington. Returning from the war Mr. Thatcher settled permanently in Webster, Monroe county, where, on November 15, 1865, he married Miss Frances E., daughter of James L. Fox, of that town. He engaged in farming on his present farm of seventy- five acres a little west of LTnion Hill, and continued until about 1889. For fifteen years he had been extensively engaged in buying and selling fruit. In 1890 he formed a partnership with E. W. Bancroft, under the firm name of Bancroft & Thatcher, and not only continued the established fruit business but also carried on a hardware and furniture store at Union Hill. In February, 1895, he sold his interest in these enterprises to his partner and retired to private life. Mr. Thatcher has ever taken a lively interest in public affairs, lending his aid and influence in the cause of every good movement, and heartily promotmg the progress and advancement of his community. He is an unswerving Republican, a staunch advocate of the principles of his party, and a prominent factor in local politics. He was collector of the town one year, assessor for seventeen and a justice of the peace for the past seven years. He is deacon and trustee of the Webster Presbyterian church, and in religion as well as education takes an abiding interest. He is also a prominent member of Thomas Farr Post, No. 275, G. A. R. of Webster. In a pleas- ant and attractive home in the hamlet of Union Hill, he and his estimable wife are enjoying in retirement the accumulations of profitable, successful, and honorable careers. .yCyH^'^rf^!^f BlOGRAPfllCAL. 2? CHARLES F. LIGHTHOUSE. There are not a few gentlemen of Rochester who by their own efforts have risen to prominence in business, political and society circles, and one of them is Charles F. Lighthouse. Through the enterprise of which Mr. Lighthouse is the originator this city is represented in every city, county and hamlet having a post-office in the United States. He is a native of Rochester and was born April 24, 1855. He is one of the younger men of the city, and yet one of the best known. In early life he received a training in the best schools of the Flower City, and soon after entered upon a most successful business career. He is a tanner of. extensive experience and wide repu- tation. In 1879 Mr. Lighthouse established himself in business as a manufacturer of horse collars, and was very successful. In 1889 the Post-office Department at Wash- ington awarded him a contract for the exclusive manufacture of gevernment mail bags made of leather only. In August, 1893, he was awarded another contract for canvas mail bags, and at once began the manufacture of them also. His work has met the requirements of the government in each instance and he has to-day an ex- tensive manufactory on Court street near Washington Park as the result of his un- tiring efforts, which is a pride to the city. An average of twenty-five skilled hands are employed in this establishment and over 1,000 mail bags per week are manufac- tured for the government service. The products of the house meet every demand of the mail service, being light, hand}', safe and durable, and are the pefection of utility and convenience. Socially Mr. Lighthouse is a genial gentleman. He is very prominent in Masonic circles and as a business man his standing is most excellent. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, has a large circle of acquaintances and friends, andmanifests a deep interest in the welfare and advancement of his native city. RUFUS ADAMS SIBLEY. RuFLis Adams Sibley was born at Spencer, Mass., December 3, 1841, being a lin- eal descendant of John Sibley, who came from St. Albans, England, and settled at Salem, Mass., in 1629, about ten years later than the settlement of Plymouth. He i.s also a lineal descendant of that Henry Adams who arrived from Devonshire, Eng land, and settled at Quincy, Mass., in 1632, to whom President John Adams erected a monument in the old burying ground at Quincy, Mass., which bears this inscription — " In memory of Henry Adams, who took his flight from the dragon persecution i i Devonshire and alighted with eight sons near Mt. Wollaston." Also he is a lineal descendant of John Livermore, who arrived in New England in 1634, and settled in Watertown, Mass., in 1642. At the age of fifteen Mr. Sibley taught the winter term in a district school, and a second term the year following. At seventeen he entered a general store as clerk and bookkeeper, where he remained five years, leaving this situation for the purpose of completing his studies in civil engineering at the Law- rence Scientific School of Harvard College. He decided, however, to accept a posi- tion in the office of Hogg, Brown & Taylor, at Boston, remaining there three years, 28 Landmarks of monroe county. when he resigned in order to commence the dry goods business in Rochester, N. V., under the firm name of Sibley, Lindsay & Curr, in March, 1868. Mr. Sibley was married. October 11, INTO, to Martha, daughter of Rev. John Hav6n,, of Charlton, Mass., who died in 1883, leaving a son, Edward R. Sibley. He married Elizabeth Sibley Conkey, in 1885, by whom he has two children. Since the foundation of the business house referred to, Mr. Sibley has been closely identified with the growth and prosperity of the city of his adoption, and has large interests in other portions of the United States. The twelve story fire-proof structure, known as the Granite building, in Rochester, erected by the firm of Sibley, Lindsay & Curr, in 1893, is an important contribution to the growth of the city. Mr. Sibley is a trustee of the Rochester Savings Banks, of the Rochester Trust and Safe Deposit Company, of the Security Trust Company, the Industrial School, the City Hospital, and the Univer- sity of Rochester, and a director in several corporations, and is, at the present time, actively engaged in the dry goods business with his partners in Rochester, New York city, Erie, Pa., Minneapolis, Minn., with offices in England, France, Germany, and Switzerland. STEPHEN W. RANDALL. Stki'HF.n Willari) Randall is a great-grandson of Rev. Stephen Randall, a native of Massachusetts, who was born June 1, 17(5:5, and died April 16, 1828. Stephen Randall 2d, the eldest son in the family of seven children of Rev. Stephen, was born April 5, 1786, and on Februar\- 9, 1809, was married to Lois Lord. In 1827 they emigrated from their New England home to the then wilderness of Western New York — the far famed Genesee country — and purchased in the town of Hamlin, Mon- roe county, what has ever since been the family homestead, where he died July 20, 1861. Of their six children, Andrew Jackson Randall, the third son, was born April 24, 1815, and at the age of twelve came with his parents to this section. On Septem- ber 14, 1837, he married Juliette King, who.se birth occurred July 5, 1815. Enduring many of the hardships of pioneer life they, bj* untiring industry and good manage- ment, continued to improve and add to the ancestral acres until the farm became what it now is, one of the most beautiful and productive of the many in this world- famed fruit garden of Western New York. They were liberally endowed with the sterling characteristics of old-time New Englanders, and with commendable zeal firmly and enduringly implanted those worthy attributes in the community. In 1861 he erected the large family residence, in which he died August 28, 1879. His widow survived him until March 24, 1892, when her death occurred at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Augusta Northrop, in Reading, Mich. Mr. Randall was not without political honor. He always took an active interest in local affairs, lending his aid and influence in the cause of all worthy movements, and m 1869 represented the western district of Monroe county in the State Legislature. He left four children: Louisa L., born May 14, 1841, married to David W. Couklin on June 19, 1861 ; Har- rison L., born May 4, 1845, married, September 8, 1868, Juliette Elliott; Augusta, born April 10, 1855, married to W. Burr Northrop on September 21, 1882; and Stephen Willard, born January 26, 1847. BIOGRAPHICAL. , 29 Stephen W. Randall has been a life-long occupant of the old homestead in Ham- lin. Possessed of a liberal education he is one of the very few who have always "stuck to the. farm." He inherited all the lofty principles of manhood and the worthier attributes of nature which characterized his New England ancestry, and has applied them effectively to the practical career of an agriculturist. Coming into possession of the paternal acres by purchase, and subsequently the adjoining farm, he has given his attention to fruit growing, and by advanced methods of horticul- ture, improved machinery, and high grade stock has kept well abreast of the times. He takes a hvely interest in town affairs, seeking always the advancement of the community, and every worthy project tinds in him a firm friend and substantial sup- porter. September 10, 1873, Mr. Randall married Ella B. Watson, who died February 21, 1879, leaving an only child, Clayton B., born January 1:?, 1875. His second wife, whom he married September 28, 1880, was Lottie A. Watson, who died December 1, 1882, leaving also an only child, Lottie A., who was born November 16, 1881. Sep- tember 12, 1889, Mr. Randall married, third, Lizzie A. Genung, whose death occurred December 5, 1893, at the age of thirty-three. Their children were Lewis Willard, born August 26, 1890, and Mary Edna, born January 29, 1893. HENRY H CRAIG. Henry H. Craig, one of the largest lumber dealers in Western New York, was born in Cobovirg, Canada, November 15, 1841, was reared on a farm, and was edu- cated in the public schools near his native city. In 1858 he came to Rochester, where he entered the employ of E. H. Hollister, lumber merchant, with whom he remained ten years, rising to the position of foreman. In 1866 he engaged in a similar busmess for himself in partnership with the Crouch brothers under the firm name of Craig & Crouches. This firm continued for ten years and carried on an extensive wholesale and retail lumber trade. Mr. Craig then established his present business under his own name, which is the largest in the city and extends throughout New York State and into New England. Outside of his lumber operations Mr. Craig has been one of the most enterprising citizens of Rochester and for many years was prominently identified with a number of leading corporations, etc. He was one of the organizers of the Lake Ontario Beach Improvement and Vulcanite Paving Companies and served as president of both until 1895 and 1894 respectively. He was also a director in the German Ameri- can Bank and one of the directors and consolidators of the Rochester Gas and Elec- tric Light Company. He was one of the originators of the present Rochester Railway Company, which was formed by the consolidation of the old Rochester City and Brighton Railway and Crosstown South Park Railroad Companies, in the latter of which he was a director. He is a 32d degree Mason, being a member of Rochester Consistory A. A. Scottish Rite as well as of Genesee Falls Lodge, No. 507, F. & A. M., and Monroe Commandery Knights Templar. He was heavily interested in the coal and elevator business and formerly owned a half interest in the elevator at 30 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Charlotte, which he built. For many years he was also interested in the coal firm of H. F. Drake & Co. He was the prime mover in securinj^; the 'elevation of the N. Y. C. & H. R. R. R. tracks through the city and himself drafted the act which passed the Legislature and effected that important work. Always manifesting an active in- terest in public affairs he has taken a prominent part in local politics and represented the Eighth ward in the Common Council for four years, where he labored faithfully for the welfare of his constituents and the city at largvi. In 1864 Mr. Craig married Miss Harriet Knox and they have three sons and six daughters, all living. GEORGE J. OAKS. Gkorce J. Oaks was born in Rochester February 9, 1843, the son of George Oaks, who came to this city from Germany in IS^i'd. His mother, Mary Ann, was a daugh- ter of Jean Pierre Pronguey,who arrived in this country with his family from France in May, 1823, being among the first settlers of Irondequoit. Mr. Oaks was educated in the pubHc schools of Rochester and at St. Charles College in Maryland. In 1861 he enlisted in Co. G, 13th N. Y. Vol. Inf., and in the following September was trans- ferred with his company to the 3d N. Y. Vol. Cavalry. In September, 1862, he was commissioned second lieutenant of Co. E, 151st N. Y. Vol. Inf. ; in November of the same year he was made first lieutenant of Co. D; and in June, 1863, he was pro- moted to captain of that company. During this period he served as aide-de-camp to Gen. William H. Morris, 1st Brigade, 6th Army Corps, and later, in August, 1863, was transferred as aide-de-camp to Major-Gen. James B Ricketts. In the Septem- ber following he was appointed ordnance officer of the' 3d Division, 6th Army Corps, Major-General Ricketts commanding. Captain Oaks participated in every battle and skirmish in which his regiment was engaged, including first Bull Run, Culpep- per Court House, Bristoe Station, Mine Run, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Tolopo- tomy. Cold Harbor, Petersburg, Weldon Railroad, Monocacy, Charleston, Winches- ter, Fisher's Hill, Cedar Creek, the Fall of Petersburg, Sailor's Creek, and Appomat- tox. At Monocacy, where a part of the 3d Division fought Early's army and saved Washington, he was wounded, but after ten days returned to his command; at Cedar Creek he saved the 6th Army Corps ordnance train from being captured; and at the Fall of Petersburg on April 2, 1865, he was brevetted major for gallant and meritorious service. On March 27, 1865, he was granted a twenty days' leave of absence, but while in Washington learned of the battle of Five Forks. Hastening to the front he arrived about dusk on April 1 ; at 4 i: m. on the 2d of April the 6th Army Corps broke through the enemy's lines, and, with other corps of the army, pressed Lee's armv to the final surrender at Appomattox. He returned to Rochester with his regiment July 1, 1865 and in the following September entered the employ of S. Rosenblatt c^- Co. , of which firm he became a member in 1876. Upon the death of Mr. Rosenblatt the firm name was changed to Oaks & Stern, and in Jul}', 1877, the present firm of Oaks & Calhoun was formed. Mr. Oaks is prominent in musical. Masonic and G. A. R. circles, and in 1894' was elected deputy commander of the Union Veterans Union of New York State. In BIOGRAPHICAL. 31 1893 he was chosen first deputy conimauder-in-chief at the G. A. R. encampment in Boston, and in August, 1894, he received the unanimous election as commander-in- chief of the national organization. He is also a companion of the Commandery of the Loyal Legion ; a member of the Genesee Falls Lodge, No. 507, F. & A. M. ; of Rochester Consistory 32d degree of the Scottish Rite Masons; of Damascus Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine; and of the Rochester "Chamber of Commerce. He has always taken on active interest in the progress and welfare of the city, and is promi- nently identified with its business and social life. JOHN D. WHIPPLE. The subject of this sketch was born in the town of Duanesburg, Schenectady county, N. Y., February 28, 1826, hisgrandfather, David, having settled there in 1796, locating on a farm. Two of the brothers of this ancestor participated in the Colonial and Revolutionar}' wars; one of them, William, accompanying General Montgomery in his Canadian expedition, and, like his general, losing his life at the attack upon Quebec. The other, Samuel, served throughout the Revolution and at its close moved to the Western Reserve, finall}^ settling upon the land granted him by the government on the Maumee River, near the present city of Toledo, where the family is still represented. The three brothers were natives of Rhode Island. David Whipple married Joanna Jones of Dutchess county and oneof their children, William, born in Dutchess count}' August 22, 1785, a farmer by occupation throughout his life, married Elizabeth Tallman of Schenectady county and became the father of seven children, viz., David, Grifhn, Tallman, John D., Sorinda, Joanna and Margaret. William Whipple died July 14, 1851, having survived his wife who died May 15, 1840. John D. Whipple was educated in the district schools and a select school and spent his early life upon his father's farm, but came to Rochester in 1854 and soon moved to Irondequoit, where he raised produce on his farm for four years and then engaged with produce dealers as accountant and manager for about four years. In 1862 he engaged in that business for himself and followed it successfully for twenty-nine years when he retired from active operations therein and came to Irondequoit with view to enjoy his pleasant home associations more fully and cultivate his extensive fruit orchard. In 1878 he became warmly interested in a movement directed to the building a railroad connecting his town with Rochester, and, with a fewothergentle- men, secured the right of way between that city and Sea Breeze, completing the Rochester and Lake Ontario Railway during the following year. Mr. Whipple was elected director of the road upon the organization of the company and served in that capacity until 1893 when it was sold to the Rochester & Brighton Railroad Company. He is a consistent Republican and his value has long been recognized by his towns- men, who, for two terms, kept him in the office of town clerk, and have now re- elected him to serve his fourth term as supervisor. In 1850 he married Jane A. Marsh of Duanesburg, and they had four children, Isabel, Marsh, Florence A., and Carrie E. Isabel married Joseph Walzer of Irondequoit and they have fourteen children; Marsh married Susie J. Bumpus of this town and they have one daughter, Almeda. This gentleman continued the business founded by his father in Rochester 32 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. and is well known and active in the line. Florence A. married Allison J. Potter of Rochester and they have two children, Florence and Carl; Carrie E. married Louis Gerber also of Rochester and they have three children, Reta, Frances and Ward. Mrs. Whipple died March 16, 1882. For his second wife Mr. Whipple married, in 1884, Mrs. Maria Walzer, formerly Mason, of Irondequoit. Mr. and Mrs. Whipple are members of the First Universalist church of Rochester, and he has been a trustee for a number of years. In 1891 they became mipressed with the need for religious instruction in their town and after much effort on their part succeeded in their jiroject of erecting the present Irondequoit Union Sunday School chapel. • HENRY STEAD HEBARD. CoNsricuoLS among among the more prominent business men of the city of Roch- ester during the period of its development and growing prosperity stands the name of Henry Stead Hebard, who was born in Saugerties, Ulster county, N. Y., March 10, 1827, and moved here with his parents when four years of age. He received his education in the public schools of the city and at the old Collegiate Institute, where he studied under Dr. Chester Dewey, the most famous of Rochester's early teachers. Reaching his majority at a time wheh so many young men were rushing to Califor- nia in the pursuit of gold, he too, was attracted by the tales of untold wealth and prepared to make a journey westward, but his father, who had long conducted an extensive marble business, dissuaded him from casting his lot with the human stream of "forty-niners" and offered him an interest in the marble works. The offer was accepted and his vocation fixed, and the Hebard Marble Works, enlarged and de- veloped by the son, became well known throughout the State and Nation. He con- tinued the business until his death, making it one of the largest of the kind in the country, and acquiring a reputation which only years of faithfulness and shrewd management will establish. He was practically a life-long Republican and few men took more active interest in the progress and welfare of his party. From 1857 to 1862 he served as a member of the Common Council, representing the old Fourth ward, in which he always resided. His valued services in that body placed him among the leaders of the time and found expression of popular approval in his nom- ination for mayor in 1862, for which he was defeated by only thirty-seven votes. (The city ihen was overwhelmingly Democratic and for manj- years before and after- ward was in control of the Democratic party.) Two years later he was a candidate for the same position but again was defeated by a small majority. In 1805 he became a member of the first Police Commission, Jacob Howe being his colleague, and to- gether they laid the foundation for the present police department of the city. Mr. Hebard continued in that capacity until 1872. Upon the organization of the East Side Savings Bank in 1869, he was made its vice-president and in 1876 became its president, a position he held till his death. In 1873 and 1874 he was a member of the old Board of Public Works, and in 1875 was elected supervisor of the Fourth ward, declining a renomination the next year. He was for fifteen years a volunteer fireman and for many years a trustee of the fire department. He was long one of the man- BIOGRAPHICAL. 33 agers of the Western House of Refuge, now the State Industrial School, and for one year was president of the board. In 1880 he was a presidential elector and voted for Garfield and Arthur, and subsequently President Arthur offered him the postmaster- ship of Rochester, which he generously declined in favor of D. T. Hunt, who held the office at the time. On March 4, 1890, he was commissioned postmaster by Pres- ident Han-ison, but died on the 11th, widely respected and esteemed. He was a member of several societies, a Scottish Rite Mason, a member of Valley Lodge F. & A. M., and of Monroe Commandery K. T. ; for many years a trustee of the First Methodist Episcopal church and president of the board, and a member of the club bearing his name. The Hebard Club is composed of well known Rochester men, and for one of its recreations makes an annual excursion as a body, to some lo- cality of interest. In 1853 Mr. Hebard married Miss Harriet M. Hazen, a niece and adopted daughter of Benjamin Shipman, for many years treasurer of the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, N. Y. Their children were Emma Jane, wife of John P. Weston of Roch- ester; Harriet Eloise wife of Charles O. Weston of Washington, D. C. ; Benjamin S. of Rochester; and Cora Eliza (Mrs. Anson S. McNab), who died in Rochester August 15, 1895. In all the positions and relations of life Mr. Hebard distinguished himself as a man of considerable attainments, of singular executive ability, and of great energy and foresight. He labored faithfully for the good of the city, and zealously promoted its interests. He was a man of steadfast integrity, and, endowed by nature with con- spicuous business talent and with keen insight into human nature, he stood in the community as a type of the upright citizen and man of affairs. ARTHUR G. YATES. . Arthur G. Yates, second son of Judge Arthur Yates, was born at Factoryville, (now East Waverly) N. Y., December 18, 1848. His grandfather. Dr. William Yates, was born at Sapperton, near Burton-on-Treut, England, in 1767, and studied but never practiced medicine ; being the eldest son he inherited a large estate and the title of baronet, and throughout life was distinguished as a philanthropist. Dr. Yates was a cousin of Sir John Howard, the philanthropist, and Sir Robert Peel, statesman, and was himself one of the most noted benefactors of his age. At his own expense he built and conducted an asylum for paupers and the treatment of insane at Burton- on-Trent. In 1799 he came to Philadelphia, Pa., and was the first to introduce vacci- nation in this country, a w^ork to which he devoted much time and money. In 1800 he returned to England but soon came back to America and from Philadelphia, in company wath Judges Cooper and Franchot and General Morris, ascended the Sus- quehanna River to the Butternuts Valley, where he met the daughter of a prominent settler, whom he married. The couple went to England, but two years later returned to the United States, where they thereafter resided. Having disposed of Sapperton to his brother Harry, Dr. Yates purchased a large estate in Butternuts (now the town of Morris), Otsego county, N.Y., where he died in his ninetieth year, widely respected and esteemed. He spent his fortune in carrying out his benevolent ideas. 34 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY Judge Arthur Yates, his eldest son, was born at Butternuts, February 7, 1807, and received a common school education. In 1832 he settled at Factoryville, N. Y., and engaged in merchandising and lumbering, which he carried on extensively for thirty years. He was an active, enterprising citizen, and did much to build up and beau- tify the village. In 1838 he was appointed judge of Tioga county. He was promi- nent and influential in the educational, religious, social, banking and business life of the community and bore the respect and regard of every one with whom he came in contact. In January, 1836, he married Jerusha, the daughter of Zeba Washbon of Otsego county, and they had seven children. His death occurred in 1880. Arthur G. Yates, the fourth child of the above, was educated in his native town, finishing at various academies. In March, 1865, he came to Rochester and accepted a position with the Anthracite Coal Company, but after two years engaged in the coal business, in which he has ever since been interested. He developed it to a re- markable degree, pushing his trade into all the Northern and Western States and Canada. His headquarters have, for some thirty years, been at Rochester, although having offices in various other cities. He built immense shipping docks at Charlotte. In 1876 the Bell, Lewis and Yates Coal and Mining Co. was organized for the pur- pose of mining and shipping bituminous coal from Pennsylvania, and proved a marked success from the start. Its productions have reached upwards of two millions (2,000,000) tons per year, making it the largest producer of its class in the United States. Mr. Yates has continuously served as its vice-president. In 1890 he was elected president of the Buffalo, Rochester and Pittsburgh Railway Company, which office he still holds. Under his management during the past five years, the railway has nearly doubled its coal and coke tonnage as well as its annual gross earnings, while the extension of tracks operated aggregate sixty-four (64) miles, making a total of four hundred and forty-eight (448) miles. The road has been greatly improved in all its departments, and it is now one of the important factors in the prosperity of the city. Mr. Yates is also a director in various coal and other corporations. Although an active participant in public affairs, and ever having the welfare of his city at heart, he has never accepted political preferment; from the first he has given his undivided attention to business. Honorable, high principled and generous, he is in the broadest sense oue of the foremost business men of Rochester, where he has, as stated, developed the coal industry to enormous proportions, and where, as presi- dent of an important railroad, he ranks among the leading financiers of the country. He has always encouraged every good movement, and for many years has served as warden of St. James Episcopal church. December 26, 1866, Mr. Yates married Miss Virginia L., daughter of Roswell Holden, of Watkins, N. Y- They have had six children, as follows: Frederick W., Harry, Florence, Arthur (deceased), Howard L. (deceased), and Russell P. J. J. BAUSCH. In the works of the Bausch & Lonib Optical Company, located at No. 515 to No. 543 North St. Paul street, Rochester, is represented one of the leading manufacturing industries of this city. Starting from a retail establishment forty years ago the busi- BIOGRAPHICAL. 35 ness has been consistently developed until to-day it is one of the largest of its kind. Their products find not only a ready market in the United States, but are exported to all parts of the world. J. J. Bausch, the founder of the Bausch & Lomb Optical Company, came to America from Germany in 1849. He learned the optical trade in his native land, and shortly after his arrival in Rochester opened a small retail store in the Arcade, associating him- self with Henry Lomb as a partner m the business. Manufacturing was carried on in a small way for some years. A small shop was fitted up over the store in the Arcade and a few workmen were given employment. When the war broke out the advance of gold enabled the struggling firm to compete successfully with the foreign manufacturers, and a decided increase in the business followed, but the retail business was not dis- continued until 1866, when the exclusive right to the use of India rubber was secured, this material having been found very well adapted for the manufacture of eye-glasses. The firm name was changed from Bausch & Lomb to the Vulcanite Optical Instru- ment Company. The Arcade shop was vacated about this time and a larger one taken on the corner of Andrew and Water streets, where water power could be util- ized, but in consequence of the summer draught the water in the Genesee ran low, and the company were compelled to look elsewhere for a factory. The present site on a commanding bluff overlooking the I'iver was chosen and in 1873 a building 100.\30 feet was constructed, the firm supposing that it would be sufficient for their require- ments as long as they would remain in business. In this they were mistaken, how- ever, as three additions have since been made, forming a structure 390 feet front with three side wings, 40, 60, and 180 feet respectively in length, and five stories in height, giving about 115,000 .square feet of available floor space, and furnishing employment to nearly 800 hands. In 1876 the present corporate name, Bausch & Lomb Optical Company, was adopted. The present officers are, J. J. Bausch, president; Ed. Bausch, vice-president; Henry Lomb, treasurer; and C. F. Lomb, secretary. In the department of eye-glass manufacture the company have been pioneers and leaders. They not only introduced the rubber eye-glass, but made a change in the shape of the eye, adopting the oval instead of the round, which were then in use. Variety in style and finish was the next stage of improvement ; an adjustable eye- glass was invented by Mr. J. J. Bausch early in the historj' of the concern and con- tributed much to the growth of the business. Lens grinding was begun in a small way in 1865 to meet special emergencies, arising from the delay in receiving orders from foreign manufacturers. Now they grind every kind of a lens from the simple spectacle lens to the finest the optician or scienticst can demand. Machinery has been devised which performs the work with perfect accuracy and with great rapidity. It is of their own construction and in many cases patented. Consistently with their high aims, the company in 1876 undertook the manufacture of microscopes, which up to that time were produced almost entirely abroad. New machines and tools had to be constructed, but with their long experience in this line, the difficulties were successfully overcome,, and to-day are supplying most of the microscopes for home consumption. Their instruments are in use in the laboratories of nearly all educational institutions of the land, as well as all the government de- partments. The photographic department is of comparatively recent origin. Their lenses are in use in some of the best studios, and are very highly spoken of. They manufacture ^6 Landmarks of monroe county. all the lenses for the celebrated Kodak cameras, and supply nearly every other camera manufacturer in the United States. THOMAS H. EDDY. Thomas Harvky Eddy, youngest child of Thomas and Phebe (Lyon) Eddy, was born where he now resides, in Greece, Monroe county, October 4. 1852. His ances- tors, both paternal and maternal, came from England at an early period in the his- tory of the New World. The former settled in Massachusetts, where many of them became prominent and influential citizens. Frederick Bushnell, a member of his grandmother's family, was well known as a large landowner at Charlotte fifty years ago, and also as president of one of the early Rochester banks. Thomas Eddy was born near Harrisburg. Pa., October 14, 1802, and came to Rochester when a young man. In 184;i he purchased the farm in Greece now owned by his son Thomas H., and soon afterward settled upon it with his newly wedded wife, Phebe Lyon, daugh- ter of Isaac Lyon, of Rochester. She was born in Ballston, Saratoga cotmty, March 10, 1810. They subsequently removed to Lake avenue in Rochester, where both died. Mr. Eddy's death occurred March 31, 1886, and that of his wife September 1, 1892. Her ancestors came to this country before the Revolutionary war, and settled near New York city and in Westchester county. During the struggle for American Independence the government used their buildings and Lafayette made them his headquarters for a time. Mr. and Mrs. Eddy were prominent members of the Brick Presbyterian church under Dr. Shaw, and always intensely interested in its welfare. Their children were Frances S., Edmond L., Luther B., and Thomas H. Thomas H. Eddy received his early education in the public schools of Rochester, and was graduated from Carpenter's Collegiate Institute and Williams' Commercial College. After completing his studies he returned to the home of his boyhood, and has since lived on the farm and in the house where he was born. He has engaged, not only in farming, but in other business at different times, and in practically every instance success has attended his efforts. He is one of the representative agricul- turists of the county, and has improved the homestead until it now ranks with the leading and attractive naral homes in Western New York. Mr. Eddj' has also been active in politics and town affairs, and is recognized as one of the local leaders of his party. He is a .staunch Republican. In 1890, and again in 1891, he represented his town in the board of supervisors, where he served faithfully and acceptably. The popular approval of his constituents found expression in the fall of 1895, when he was nominated member of assembly for the northwestern district of Monroe county, which is equivalent to an election. June 29, 1882, Mr. Eddy was married in New York city at the church of the Trans- figuration, to Mrs. Adelgonde McKenzie Smith, daughter of Hon. Donald McKenzie. They have four children: Frances L. , Thomas H., jr., Adelgonde C, and Don- nie L. (The life of Donald McKenzie was full of wild adventure, romantic scenes, and thrilling incidents. To him was John Jacob Astor indebted for all that was saved from the ruin which treason wrought. He was born in Scotland, June 15, 1783, and BIOGRAPHICAL. 37 in March, 1801, left home to carve out a fortune for himself. He came to Canada, joined the North West Company, and continued in the fur trade for eight years. In 1809 he became the partner of John Jacob Astor in establishing the fur trade west of the Rocky Mountains, and remained there until the surrender of Astoria to the British. Converting everything possible into available cash he carried the funds on his person to Mr. Astor, with whom he afterward had large business dealings. In March, 1831, he joined the Hudson Bay Company, and was appointed one of the Council of the Chief Factor. While there, from 1825 to 1833, he was governor under the British Crown. In August, 1833, he removed to Mayville, Chautauqua county, N. Y. , where he died about 1854.) REUBEN L. FIELD. Few families in America possess an unbroken line of ancestry extending back to the pioneer days of New England, and fewer still can number among its members citizens who have for two hundred j^ears influenced the business and social life of their respective communities, as well as the entire nation. Standing with distin- guished eminence on the annals of this country is the name Field, which first appears in Massachusetts in 1629, nine years after the landing of the Pilgrmis on Plymouth Rock. Zechariah Field, sr , the American ancestor here referred to, was born in East Ardsley, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, about 1600, and was a son of John Field, jr., and grandson of John, sr., an astronomer of repute in Yorkshire. He first settled in Dorchester, Mass., moved in 1636 to Hartford, Conn., removed in 1659 to Northampton, Mass., and was one of twenty-five persons who settled what is now Hatfield, Conn. About 1641 he married Mary , and had five children. The line of descent to the subject of this memoir is (1) Zechariah, sr., (2) Zechariah. jr., (3) John, (4) Pedajah, sr., (5) Pedajah, jr., (6) Luther, (7) Chester, and (8) Reuben L. To this line the noted financiers, David Dudley and Cyrus W. Field, belonged, and from it also have descended many whose careers are intimately associated with the history of the nation. They have been identified with the wars of our government, with the social and commercial growth of their communities, and with the business life of the country at large. Pedajah Field, sr. , son of John and Mary (Bennett) Field, was born in Deerfield, Mass., January 28, 1707, and died in Northfield on Feb- ruary 24, 1798. His son Pedajah, jr., was born in 1732, .served as a soldier from Northfield in Capt. John Cathn's company in 1.756, and again in 1759, and also par- ticipated in the Revolutionary war. Chester Field, father of Reuben L., was born in Bennington, \'t., August 16, 1812, and in 1820 removed with his father's family to the town of Gates, Monroe county, where he was reared on a farm, and where he obtained his education. With the exception of three years in Michigan he spent his life here, dying in March, 1888. He married Eliza Perkins, who was born in Meudon, Monroe county, September 24, 1816, and died in Gates in May, 1894. They had two children: Helen Josephine (who died in 1866), and Reuben L. Mr. Field was a lifelong farmer, and always took a lively interest in town affairs. He spent three or four years in Grand Rapids, Mich., where 38 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. his only son was born November 27, 1841. In 1842 he returned to Gates, and after- ward served as supervisor about seven years. Reuben L. Field was educated in the public schools of Gates and at the old Colle- giate Institute in Rochester, and has ever since followed the occupation of farmer, settling upon his present place two miles west of the city line in 1873, which consists of 115 acres of as productive land as can be found in Western New York. He has been eminently successful, a fact due solely to his individual efforts and constant enterprise. Mr. Field has long been prominently and actively identified with the Democratic party, of which he is one of the recognized local leaders. Excepting three years he has served continuously as a justice of the peace since 1874. In 1876 he was elected supervisor of his town, and held that office for eight out of the follow- ing eleven years, serving in the board on several important committees and faith- fully looking after the interests and welfare of his constituents. In February, 1872, Mr. Field married, first, Fannie E., daughter of Dr. Edwin Munn (deceased), of Gates, and sister of Dr. John P. Munn, now of New York city. She died January 2, 1873, leavmg one child, Fannie ^I. His present wife, whom he married in September, 1880, was Ella F., daughter of Charles Armstrong, of Gates. They have three children: Mary, Aristine, and Chester. vSAMUEL B. WILLIAMS. Samuel B. Wili,i.\ms, treasurer of the city of Rochester, is a son of John G. and Laura M. (Burbank) Williams and a lineal descendant of Robert Williams, brother of the celebrated divine, Roger Williams, founder of the Baptist church in New Eng- land, of Col. Ephraim Williams, founder of Williams College, and of William P. Williams, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. On the old family coat-of- arms are two mottos: On the religious branch "What God willeth will be," and on the fighting branch " Don't tread on me," while the armorial bearings are sur- mounted by a war-cock. Mr. Williams was born in Deerficld, Mass.. October 17, 1843, and came to Rochester with his parents in April, 1857. After attending No. 14 School under Professor Vosburg he entered the printing office of Moore's Rural New Yorker, where he remained until his enlistment in the army. In December, 1863, he joined the 50th N. Y. Engineers, and was promoted step by step to lieuten- ant, a rank equal to that of captain of infantry. His regiment, when not engaged in engineering work, performed infantry service and participated in the battles of the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor, Petersburg, and many others. He had always evinced an aptitude for mathematics, and his knowledge of that science ob- tained his promotion from the ranks to an officer of engineers. Returning from the army Mr. Williams resumed his position in the office of the Rural New Yorker and remained there until January 25, 1867, when he purchased the interest of George Arnold in the firm of George Arnold <.V Co., manufacturers of machine oils, which business he has ever since continued; since 1877 he has been sole proprietor. In this he has met with unvarying success. In public life and official relations Mr. Williams has long held a foremost place. He is an unswerving Republican and one of the most popular leaders of his party BIOGRAPHICAL. 39 In 1881, while sick in bed, he was nominated for city treasurer, buc suffered defeat along with other candidates on the ticket by a small majority. The next year he was nominated and elected a member of the Executive Board, on which he has served three years. In 1891 he was elected city treasurer, which office he has since held. Outside of these political connections he is probably identified officially with more social and fraternal organizations than any man of Rochester. He is an ac- countant of recognized qualifications, and through this fact held a large number of responsible positions of trust. For thirty years he has been a member of the Protec- tives, Rochester Fire Department, of which he has been for the past twelve years the financial secretary. He is also a member and treasurer of the Board of Trustees of the Fire Department and of the Exempt Volunteers; and alife member of the New York State Firemen's Association and of the National Association of Fire Engineers. He is a prominent Odd Fellow and a Mason. As city treasurer he is also treasurer of the police pension fund, paid fire department pension fund, sinking fund of the city of Rochester, park commissioners' fund, and Mt. Hope Cemetery commissioners' fund. He is treasurer of the Rochester Rod and Gun Club, the Columbia Rifle and Pistol Club, the Rochester Encamprnent, Uniformed Patriarchs, No. 1, the Fraternal Mystic Circle, and the Old Flour City Cadets. He is also sec- retary and treasurer of the Engineer Brigade Army of the Potomac, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Relie^ Society, the Western New York Veterans' Association, and the primary department of the Brick church Sunday school, having served the latter in this capacity for nearly thirteen consecutive years without being absent a Sunday. He joined O'Rorke Post, No. 1, G. A. R., at its second meeting, and became a charter member of George H. Thomas Post, No. 4, G. A. R., of which he is now the only past commander. He is also a member of the Union Veterans' Union and the Military Order of Loyal Legion, California Commandery. Few men have ever enjoyed such perfect confidence as is reposed in Mr. Williams, and fewer still have followed a career filled with similar responsibility. Millions of dollars have passed through his hands, and never has there been found an unex- plained discrepancy in his numerous and complicated accounts. With an enviable reputation for honesty and uprightness he has faithfully and unerringlj'^ performed the arduous labors of a treasurer to various organizations, serving in ever\- capacity, with strict fidelity, unimpeachable integrity, and continual faithfulness. December 9, 1865, he married Miss Emma E., eldest daughter of the late Richard N. Warfield, of Rochester. The}' have two children, George B., a student in the University of Rochester, and Kittie B , a graduate of the Rochester Free Academy, class of 1895. GEORGE WASHINGTON ARCHER. George Washington Archer is a son of John and Elizabeth Archer, who were reared respectively in Cheltenham, Gloucestershire, and Coventry, Warwickshire, England, and who came to New York city in 1831, where John followed his trade of carpenter and joiner. In 1834 they removed to the then village of Rochester, where Mr. Archer carried on business as a contractor and builder until 1857, and where 40 LANDMARKS OF MONROE roITNTY. George W. was l)orn February 8, 1887. John Archer died in 1878 aged seventy, and his wife in ItilH. at the age of seventy-five. George W. Archer received a thorough common school education in his native city and was graduated from Eastman's Busi- ness College. At the age of seventeen he learned the carpenters trade in his father's shop, and in 1857 he entered the employ of his next older brother, Robert W., who had purchased the patent of a dental chair. From August, 1863, to June, 1864, he was a bookkeeper at Petroleum Center, Pa. ; he then purchased the interest of Wes- ley Crouch in the Crouch & Clark machine shop at Tarr Farm on Oil Creek, and continued that business about two years under the firm name of Archer & Clark. In September, 1865, he married Augusta, daughter of Samuel McClure, of Rochester, In January, 1866, J. H. Norris purchased Clark's interest in the machine shop and the business was moved to Petroleum Center, where the firm of Archer & Norris acquired a wide reputation. Meantime Mr. Archer had become interested in pro- ducing oil and also with his brother, Robert W. in the manufacture of dental and barber chairs in Rochester. In June, 18G8, he sold his business and property in the oil country, removed to Rochester, and a.ssumed control of the business here under the firm name of R. W. Archer &- Brother, which relation continued until 1878, when Robert W. died; he carried on the concern alone until January 1, 1881, when his brother John W. iDecame a partner under the name of George W. Archer & Co. On January 1, 1884, the Archer Manufacturing Company was incorporated with George W. Archer as president, and still continues. Their goods, comprising Archer's pat- ent barber, dentist, and surgeons' chairs, piano stools, etc., have a world-wide repu- tation, and are mainly the inventions of G. W. Archer. Mr. Archer is heavily en- gaged in oil production in Pennsylvania. He was one of the organizers of the Roch- ester Driving Park Association in 1872, and since 1888 has been its president, being its vice-president for six years previously. He was one of the founders of the National Trotting Association and for fifteen years has served as a member of its Board of Appeals. He is also president of the Brush Electric Light Company. Heisa director of the Merchants' Bank, treasurer of the Rochester Gas and Electric Co. and of the Vulcanite Pavement Company, a director in the Rochester and Bay Railway Companies, and being a Democrat has served one term (1882-84) as alderman of the Fifth ward. He owns a number of blocks and commercial buildings, and is promi- nently interested in various institutions in the city. COL. NATHANIEL ROCHEwSTER. Col. Nathanikl Rochestkr, the second son of John Rochester, and the founder of the city bearing his name, was born on the plantation of his father, grandfather, and great-grandfather in Cople Parish, Westmoreland county, Va., February 21. 1752. When he was two years old his father died and five years later his mother married Thomas Critcher, who, in 1763, moved with the entire family to Granville county. N. C. Colonel Rochester's educational advantages were limited, yet he suc- cessfully acquired by close observation and reading a large fund of information. In 1768 he became a clerk in the store of James Monroe in Hillsboro, N. C, and re- mained there until 1773, when he formed a partnership with a former employer. Col. BIOGRAPHICAL. 41 John Hamilton. Upon the dissolution of this firm in 1775, caused by the breaking out of the Revolution, he was appointed a member of the Committee of Safety for Orange county, and in August of that year he attended as a member the first Pro- vincial Convention in North Carolina, being made paymaster (with the rank of major) for the North Carolina line, which contained four regiments. About this time he also became a justice of the peace. When the convention reassembled in May, 1776, the line was increased to ten regiments, and in the proceedings of Friday, May 10, it was "■Resolved, That Nathaniel Rochester, esq., be appointed deputy commissary- general of military and other stores in this count}- for the use of the Continental army; and that he be allowed the same allowance as provided by the Continental Congress for such officer; and that he give security in €10,000 for the faithful dis- charge of the trust reposed in him." He then entered upon the work of providing clothing, provisions, etc., for the army, and returning to Hillsboro learned that he had been elected a member of the Legislature. At the session which followed he was appointed lieutenant-colonel of militia, and in the spring of 1777 became clerk of Orange county. In that year he was appointed commissioner to establish and superintend a manufactory of arms at Hillsboro. He resigned as county clerk, was appointed one of three to audit public accounts, and was promoted colonel of militia. In 1778 he engaged in mercantile business with Col. Thomas Hart (father-in-law of Henry Clay) and James Brown (subsequently mmister to France). In 1783 Colonel Rochester and Colonel Hart be- gan the manufacture of flour, rope, and nails at Hagerstown, Md. On April 20, 1788, he married Sophia, sixth child of Col. William Beatty, of Frederick, Md., who was born there January 25. 1768. Colonel Rochester was member of assembly in Maryland, postmaster of Hagerstown, judge of the County Court, in 1808 a presi- dential elector, and the same year became the first president of the Hagerstown Bank. All this time he was extensively engaged in manufacturing, having a large establishment there and two in Kentucky. In 1800 he first visited the Genesee country, where he had purchased 640 acres. In September of the same year, with Col. William Fitzhugh, Major Charles Carroll, and Colonel Hilton, he bought large tracts of land in Livingston county near Dansville, and in 1802 himself. Colonel Fitzhugh, and Major Carroll purchased the " 100-acre or Allan tract " for $17.50 per acre. This last named tract largely comprises the present business portion of the city of Rochester. He closed up his interests in Maryland and in May, 1810, he became a resident of Dansville, N. Y., where he re- mained five years, building a large paper mill and makiug many improvements. Disposing of his busiuess there in 1815 he removed to an improved farm in Bloom- field, Ontario county. Meanwhile he constantly visited his property at the falls of the Genesee and laid it out into suitable lots, which were placed on the market, the town being called after him — Rochester. In April 1818, he took up his residence here, and died, in the city he had founded, after a long and painful illness, on the morning of May 17, 1831. Colonel Rochester was always a very active man and almost constantly connected with some office or public enterprise. In 1816 he was for the second time a presi- dential elector, In January, 1817, he was secretary for an important convention F 42 LANDMARKS OF MONRUE COUNTY. held at Canandaii^ua to uri;e the construction of the Erie Canal, and the same year he went to Albany as agent for the petitioners for the erection of Monroe county, but was not successful in this undertaking until 1821, when he became the first county clerk and also the first representative in the State Legislature, being re-elected to the latter office in 1822. In 1824 he was a member of the commission to take sub- scriptions for the capital stock of the Bank of Rochester, of which he was elected the first president, but resigned in December of that year on account of ill health and infirmities of age. This was the last of bis numerous public and corporate trusts. He was a life-long Episcopalian and was one of the founders of St. Luke's Protestant Episcopal church, Rochester. His career was one of which any man might well feel proud. Starting for himself at the youthful age of sixteen, without means, but with great self-reliance, laudable ambition, perseverance, and native energy, he accom- plished work of the largest magnitude and widest usefulness, accumulated a fortune, and indelibly stamped his name upon posterity as the founder of the city. He had twelve children: William Beatty. Nancy Barbara, John Cornelius, Sophia Eliza, Mary Eleanor. Thomas Hart, Catherine Kimball, Nathaniel Thrift, Anna Barbara, Henry Elie, Ann Cornelia, and Loui-sa Lucinda. JOHN H. ROCHESTER. JoH.N H. RocHKSTER, vice-president of the Board of Park Commissioners, is the last male representative residing here and bearing the name of the famous family by which Rochester was founded and after whom it is named. He was born here April 20, 1828. He was educated in the schools of this city and at the age of eighteen entered upon his life work in the Rochester City Bank of which his father, Thomas Hart Rochester, was president. He subsequently carried on a private banking busi- ness for five years with his brothers under the name of John H. Rochester & Bro. Then he became cashier in the Flour City Bank for three years. When the Me- chanics' Savings Bank was chartered and entered upon its career, John H. Rochester became its secretary and treasurer, a position he has filled ever since for a period of over twenty-eight years, being the oldest banker in active service in this city. He has been connected with social, religious and public institutions throughout his career. He is a member of the Genesee Valley and Whist Clubs and was for three years president of the Rochester Club. He is the oldest baptized member of St. Luke's church in point of years of membership. He has been treasurer of the church home for twenty-five years; treasurer of St. Luke's for many years; treasurer of the Red Cross Society and yellow fever fund; is president of the Rochester Historical Society and as stated above, vice-president of the Board of Park Commissioners. He has traveled extensively and is a well informed and public spirited citizen. He has always taken a deep interest in the public aftairs of his native city, but has never sought or held public office. He married, in ISVd, Elizabeth L. Moore, of Vicksburg, Miss. He has two sons: Thomas M., a practicing physician in Brooklyn, and Paul A., in the railroad service in New York. Mr. Rochester is one of the foremost citi- zens in*Rochester and one of the hardest working of the park commissioners. He BIOGRAPHICAL. 43 has always taken an interest in the parks and is a man of practical ideas. His selec- tion to the board was a wise one and he was honored at the hrst meeting by an elec- tion as vice-president. John H. Rochester is the kind of a man who honors a city by public spirit and enterprise. FREDERICK E. GOTT. The ancestors of Frederick E. Gott were among those who early came from Eng- land to America to seek that freedom of religious belief, and a broader field of use- fulness, which were denied them beyond the ocean. On the ship Abigail Captain Henry Gardner, which sailed sailed from Weymouth, England, on June 20. 1628, for Salem, Mass., were Charles Gott and his wife, whose maiden name was Thankful Palmer, and two daughters. Charles Gott was born on March 12, 1598, and had children named Remember, Bethiah, Charles, and Daniel. Daniel was born June 20, 1646, settled at Hebron, Conn., where he married. He had five children, orly one of which, named John, lived until 1749. John had three children, of which one only lived to maturity. This one, named John after his father, married Esther Story, and they had three children, whose names were John, Story, and Daniel. Daniel Gott was born September 5, 1735; married Charity Russ. They had seven children, the third of whom was Samuel Gott. grandfather of Frederick E., who was born September 19, 1775, in Hebron, Conn., and died there March 31, 1851. His son, who was second out of a family of thirteen children, also named Samuel, father of Frederick E., was born in Hebron, Conn., February 26, 1798. He was a man who gained a better education than the average for that time, and taught school in his early life. He married Chloe Gilman, learned the carpenter's trade, and about the year 1828, removed to the town of C-'gden. In 1832 he bought and settled on the farm now owned by his son, where he spent the remainder of his life, and died on June 1, 1886. He was father of nine children, of whom seven lived to maturity; they were Horace G., George S., Emma E., Henry E., Eliza A., Lucy J., and Fred- erick E. Frederick E. Gott was born in Ogden on October 13, 1851. He enjoyed excellent opportunities for obtaining an education, which he earnestly improved. His studies in the common school were supplemented with terms in the Institute at Parma, N. Y., and in the Normal School at Brockport, leaving the latter in 1870. In pursuance of his early formed intention he immediately began the study of medicine, but was forced to abandon that profession by the necessity of his presence and services at home. Since that time Mr. Gott's chief occupation has been farming on the family homestead, in connection with which he has for some years carried on a box manu- factor5\ Mr. Gott early showed a natural aptitude for politics, and has long been prominent in the local field as a Republican. In 1882 he was elected justice of the peace, has held the office ever since, and was re-elected in 1895. In 1891 he was elected super- visor, and still holds the office. In this capacity he has served on various commit- tees—equalization, treasurer's accounts, 'military affairs, etc., often as chairman, and 44 • Landmarks of moNroe county. has several times been chosen to act as temporary chairman of the board. In 1892 Mr. Gott was sent as delegate to the Republican National Convention at Minneapo- lis, and he has on many occasions acted as delegate to County Conventions. In all of these positions Mr. Gott has earned the commendation of his constituents, and has proved worthy of the trust reposed in him. Mr. Gott is a member of Etolian Lodge F. & A. M., of which he was Senior Warden in 1895. He is a member of the Spen- cerport Congregational church, and is prominently connected with numerous busi- ness, political, and social organizations in his town and county. JOHN W. H ANN AN. John W. Hannan, sheriff of Monroe county, was born in the town of Perinton, September 19, 1847. His grandfather, James Hannan, came from Florida, Mont- gomery county, N. Y., in 1810, and settled on a farm in Perinton, where he died; he participated in the War of 1812, serving on the Niagara frontier. On the homestead Cyrus P. Hannan, son of James and father of John W , was born in 1820, and upon it he spent his short but active life, dying in 1848. The old farm is now owned and occupied by the widow of the late Jesse B. Hannan, another son of the pioneer James. The family has always taken considerable interest in local affairs and for years has ranked among the leading agriculturists of the county. John W. Hannan was reared on the farm and received his education in the district schools of his native town. He early manifested an aptitude for politics, in which he took a keen, wholesome interest, and affiliated with the Republicans from the first. His active participation in political matters brought him into contact with many of the influential party leaders, with whom he soon formed the most friendly relations. In 18(55 he was appointed messenger and superintendent of documents in the State Senate, a position he held continuou.sly for ten years. There he acquired a wide and enviable reputation for faithfulness and fidelity to duty. In July, 1875. he received the appointment of United States ganger, an office he satisfactorily filled for eight consecutive year*;, when he resigned to engage in the wholesale and retail liquor business in Rochester. In all these capacities he made hosts of friends. In the fall of 1881 he was elected sheriff of Monroe county on the Republican ticket by a large majority, and at the expiration of his term of office (three years) became pro- prietor of the National Hotel in Rochester, where he continued a landlord until 1892. In the fall of 1893 he again received the election of sheriff of the county for another three years beginning January 1, 1894. On March 1, 1876, he was married to Miss Mary E. Hommel, of Kingston, Ulster county, i\. Y. Mr. Hannan is also prominently identified with various social, political, and fra- ternal organizations, with which he has held responsible official relations. For sev- eral years he was president of the Lincoln Club. He is a 32d degree Mason, being a member of Genesee Falls Lodge F. & A M., Monroe Commandery K. T., Roch- ester Consistory, and Damascus Temple Mystic Shrine. He is past commander of the commandery, and is also a member of Central Lodge, No. 666, I. O. O. F. , of Rochester City Lodge, No. 212, K. P., of Wahoo Tribe, 228, I. O. of R. M., of Roch- ester, Tent. No. 8, K. O. T. M., and of the Chamber of Commerce. ^ ^*^?^ . ^ ...t^m^ » 1 A mmlKI^^^KL ^■'^ 1 jl^M 1 'J ^ • BIOGRAPHICAL. 45 JUDvSON F. SHELDON. JuDSON F. SheldOxN, of English descent, was born upon his present farm in the town of Mendon, Monroe county, November 30, 1826, and is a grandson of Abner Sheldon and Rebekah Frary, his first wife, who came to that part of the Genesee country in 1801. Abner Sheldon's ancestors were among the earlier settlers of Mas- sachusetts. Coming to Mendon he located first on what is known as the Ball farm, but in 1802 settled upon the present homestead, which has ever since remained in the family. He was one of the early magistrates of the town and held the office several years. His wife died about 1807 ; he survived until 1823, when his death occurred at the age of seventy-one. Their children who attained maturity were Ab- ner, jr., Zelotes, Electa, Rebecca, Henry A., William F., Ptolemy, Timothy F., and Lucy. Ptolemy Sheldon was wounded in the War of 1812, in which Henry A. and Zelotes also served, all on the Niagara frontier. Henry A. Sheldon, father of Judson F. , was born in Deerfield, Mass., April 24, 1792. He came with his parents to Mendon in 1801, and died on the homestead Feb- ruary 24, 1864. He succeeded to the old farm by purchasing the interests of the other heirs and .spent his life upon it, inaugurating improvement.s as occasion de- manded and making it one of the best and most attractive rural homes in the neigh- borhood. He was always a farmer. In politics he M-as first an old line Whig and afterward a Republican, and throughout life manifested a keen but quiet interest in local affairs. His wife, Eliza, daughter of Charles Gillett, of Mendon, was born in 1797, and died October 24, 1862. They had seven children, namely. Charles A., who died April 5, 1841, aged twenty-five; Ransom T., a farmer in Mendon; Louisa E. (Mrs. Levi Carter), who died a widow, in Mendon, July 21, 1894, aged seventy-four; Horace W., who died at Honeoye Falls, April 16, 1893; Judson F. , the subject of this memoir; Lucina M. (widow of William W. Potter), of Medina. N. Y. , who died in Mendon November 16, 1893; and Laura R., who died May 29, 1841, aged nine years. Judson F. Sheldon was reared on the family homestead and received his education at the district schools and at a select .school held in his father's house. He also attended Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima for a time. Remaining on the farm he finally became its owner by buying off the other heir.s, and there he has spent his life. This homestead is historally interesting and has often been the subject of the historian's pen. The north part long contained evidences of having at one time an Indian village, which was called To-ta-actum. Within a hundred rods of this point is an eminence known as Fort Hill from the supposition that it was once crowned by a fortification constructed and occupied by the French who came in by way of Canada. The road passing the house was for many years called " Abram's Plains" and is now often spoken of as "Sheldon's Plains." Mr. Sheldon has been prominently identified with political affairs, not only in the town, but in the county. He has always affiliated with the Republicans, and few men have served their party more faithfully or efficiently. In 1878,1879, and 1880 he repre- sented his town in the Board of Supervisors, where his labor won for him a large meas- ure of popularity and public approval, which found general expression in his election to the State Legislature from the first district of Monroe in the fall of 1881, and to this office he was again elected in 1889. In the assembly he served on such important 46 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. committees as State Prison, Grievance, Roads and Bridges, etc., and his work in that body was characterized by unswerv-ing fealty to constituents and public inter- ests. He is a member of the Association of Supervisors and e.\-Supervisors of Mon- roe County, is a director in the Patrons' Fire Relief Association of Monroe County, and has for several years taken an active part in organizing and maintaining the Grange, being a charter member of Honeoye Falls Grange, No. 6, Mendon. March 18, 1857, Mr. Sheldon was married to Miss Mary Davis, daughter of Martin Davis, of Mendon. She died January 28, 1889, leaving a daughter, Antoinette B., wife of William J. Kirkpatrick, and an adopted son, Charles Frederick, both of Mendon. CHAUNCEY G. STARKWEATHER. Chauncev G. Starkwkatiikr, eldest son of Chauncey G. and Mary W. (Bardin) Starkweather, was born in Burlington Flats, Otsego county, N. Y., March 20, 1840, and moved with his parents to Chester county. Pa., in 185(). His early youth was spent on the parental farm. When thirteen years of age his father hired him out for $4 a month to work for a farmer summers and go to school winters, and in this capacity he remained until eighteen. Determining then to become master of a trade, he took up pattern makmg, at which he worked with unvarying success till July 21, 1862, when he enlisted in Co. G, 124th Regt. Pa. Vols., for nine months. He partic- ipated in the battles of Antietam and Chancellorsville, was in Burn.side's march through Virginia, and received an honorable discharge at Harrisburg, Pa., May lO, 1863. He then entered the government employ as foreman of a force of carpenters and held that position continuously until the close of the war, when he returned home. Meanwhile, in 1861, his parents had settled on a farm in Brighton, Monroe county. Returning from the army he formed a partnership with his father and only brother (Jeremiah) under the firm name of Starkweather & Sons, and engaged in growing garden seeds for the wholesale market. This business proved very successful and was continued by the firm as thus constituted until 1871, when it was divided among the three partners. Afterward the sons became sole owners, and on February 9. 1894, the father died while in search of health at Lake Helen, Fla. ,at the age of over seventy-seven. He was born in Connecticut October 20, 1816, and possessed the thrifty characteristics and native energy of old-time New Englanders. Throughout life he devoted his attention mainly to bu.sine.ss interests, yet he always manifested a deep regard for the prosperity and advancement of his town and county. Chauncey G. Starkweather, the subject of this memoir, settled upon his present farm in the town of Henrietta in 1868, and since 1871 has successfully continued his portion of the old seed growing business alone, being now the largest grower of gar- den seeds in that section of the county. He has long taken an active part in political affairs and for several years has held responsible official positions. A staunch Re- publican he has commanded the respect of a large constituency and in the councils of his party is a recognized leader. In 1878 he was elected commissioner of high- BIOGRAPHICAL. 47 ways for three years, and in 1880, 1881, and 1883 he represented his town on the board of supervisors. In the sjDring of 1893 he was elected supervisor for the fourth time and by successive elections still holds that office, being now on his seventh year. In 1893 he was made a member of the building committee to superintend the construction of the new county court house in Rochester, and on January 30, 1895, was appointed by Gov. Levi P. Morton, one of the board of mauagers of the Roch- ester State Hospital. He has been an influential member of the Republican County Central and District Committees for about ten years, and has frequently served as delegate to county, district, and State conventions. He is also a member of Vallev Lodge, No. 109, F. & A. M., Rochester, and for four years was vice-president of the Western New York Agricultural Society. March 38, 1867, Mr. Starkweather was married to Miss Emily L. Lewis, daughter of Zachariah Lewis, and a native of Brighton. They have one son, Lewis C, born July 3o, 1883, and an adopted son, Albert J. Fisk, born February 3(5, 1874, whose parents, A. Judson and Alvira (Lewis) Fisk, died leaving him an orphan at the age of five years; he came to live with his aunt and uncle, Mr. and Mrs. Starkweather, by whom he was reared and educated, finishing at the Geneseo State Normal School; he is now engaged in the bicycle business in Rochester. [Zachariah Lewis, father of Mrs, Starkweather, was born in Saybrook, Conn., and came to Brighton, Monroe county, in 1813, where he died December 25, 1867, aged seventy-six.] GEORGE BENTON WATKINS. The successful establishment and management of such a business as that of W. H. (xlenny & Co., in Rochester, is a task requiring so much commercial ability that the guiding mind in control must be possessed of rare qualifications ; and a sketch of George Benton Watkins's career supports that view. Born in Utic.i, N. Y. August 12, 1852, of sturdy English descent, the youngest of ten children, his mother having died in his early infancy, he lived with an uncle on a farm until twelve years old. It was now that the elements of his future success began to manifest themselves. The farm could not hold him, and with the" two-fold purpose of taking advantage of the more advanced educational facilities and opportunities afforded in the city for mak- ing his own way in the world, he returned to his father's home. He attended the Utica High School, graduating therefrom at sixteen. While at school in the early mornings he delivered papers, and in afternoons worked in the newspaper office. Having secured a position in the leading crockery store of the place, with character- istic energy, he applied himself to master the details of the business. His advance- ment in five years to the leading position in the store is an index of his .-success. His ambition still unsatisfied, he looked for a position offering larger opportunities This was secured with the firm of W. H. Glenny, Sons & Co., Buffalo, N. Y.. one of the largest importing houses in the country, their receiving, packing and shipping de- partments with its force of twenty men and ten boys being placed under his super- vision. Strict attention to business and untiring energy brought further preferment, and soon he was in charge of their wholesale department. In 1876 the financial em- 48 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. barrassment of a Rochester house, largely indebted to Glenny, Sons & Co., necessi- tated the sending of a representative here to look after their interests. Mr. Watkins was chosen, and so well did he fulfill his trust that the local firm were enabled to pay all their indebtedness and continue their busines.s. While attending to the com- pany's intere.sts here Mr. Watkins was impressed with the desirability of Rochester as a point for the establishment of a permanent trade. He suggested the idea to Mr. Glenny, who, after mature deliberation, decided to open a store, and did so un- der the style of W. H. Glenny & Co., with Mr. Watkins as manager. From its ear liest inception the business here has been under the entire control of Mr. Watkins. Established on the broad basis of equity and integrity its growth has been one con- tinuous success. In ISHfj the present elegant commercial building which the firm at present occupies at I'JU, 192 and 194 East ]\Iain street, was erected, and its seven floors are required for their constantly increasing trade, In 1891 Mr. Watkins was admitted to partnership, a well merited reward for his faithfulness and success. Of a retiring disposition he is seldom identified with public interests, though often sought after. He is a charter member of the Chamber of Commerce, was five years director of the V. M. C. A., and for ten years has been trustee and treasurer of the First Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Watkins was married, at the age of twentv- one, to Carrie, daughter of Sanford Peckham. of Madison, Oneida county, N. Y. He is a Republican, and resides at 626 East Main street. ' MERRITT A. CLEVELAND Mekritt a. Ci.kvel.\nd was born at East Houndsfield, Jefl'er.son county, N. Y. His father. Philander Cleveland, was a native of Jefferson county and his ancestors were among the pioneers of the Black River Valley. Philander married Mercy, daughter of Stephen Richardson, and of six children four survive. The familvare well known as engineers, contractors of railroads, canals, and other public works. In 1870 our subject occupied a position on the Engineer Corps of the Carthage, Watertown & Sackett's Harbor Railroad, and later was appointed divis- ion engineer of the Lake Ontario Shore Railroad. In 1873 took charge as engineer of construction of the Kingston & Pembroke Railway of Canada. In 187i formed the firm of Hunter & Cleveland, and completed the Lake Shore Railroad In 1876 he examined the route of the present Canadian Pacific Railway in Manitoba and the Canadian North West, making the trip overland with mules and along the rivers and lakes with Indians and canoes. In the same year the firm of Hunter, Murray ik Cleveland was formed and engaged in the construction of the locks and works at Port Colborne, Welland, Port Ualhousie, and other points along the route until the completion of the Welland Canal. The firm of Hunter, Murray & Cleveland were among the largest contractors of that great work. They also built a portion of the Murray Canal, connecting the Bay of Quintie with Lake Ontario, and engaged in deepening and improving many of the harbors along the lakes. In 188.'-84 the firm of Warren & Cleveland built the Pittsburg, Cleveland &• Toledo Railroad in Penn- sylvania and Ohio, now a part of the Baltimore follow, In 1835 he emigrated to America and first settled in Tiffin, Ohio, passing through the Genesee Valley on the way and men*tally noting the unparalleled advantages it oflfered. He soon returned and located in Rochester, where he entered the horticultural establi-shment of Reynolds & Bateman, the first of its kind in this city. In 1839 he purchased their business and akso bought eight acres of land on Mount Hope avenue, and thus formed the nucleus of the subsequently celebrated Mount Hope nurseries. In 1840 he formed a partner- ship with the late Patrick Barry, which continued under the firm name of Ellwanger cV Barry until thelatter's death in June, 1890. They successfully built up the most complete and extensive nursery business in the United States, and for fifty years maintained a trade which extended largely into foreign lauds, shipments being made to almost every nation on the globe. They also established the Toronto nurseries in Canada and the Columbus nurseries in Ohio. Since Mr. Barry's death the busine.ss has been continued under the old name as extensively as beft>re. As a citizen Mr. Ellwanger has constantly exercised an elevating influence upon the growth and material prosperity of the community, and has always been prominently identified with every public enterprise. For many years he has been officially con- nected with the banking interests of Rochester, being successively a director of the Union and Flour Citv Banks and a trustee of the Monroe County Savings Bank and BIOGRAPHICAL. 59 the Rochester Trust and Safe Deposit Company. He has also served as a director of the Rochester Gas Company, the Eastman Kodak Company, and the Rochester and Brighton Street Radroad Company. In 1846 Mr. Ellwanger married Miss Corneha, daughter of Gen. Micah Brooks, of Livingston, a pioneer of Western New York. They have had four sons; George H., Henry B., William D.. and Edward S., all of whom received the best education the schools of this country afforded, supplemented by extended travel and study abroad. AUSTIN P. ROSS. Among the earlier pioneers of Monroe county who were instrumental in convert- ing an unbroken wilderness into a fruitful and progressive section of the Empire State was Libbeus Ross, the grandfather of the subject of this memoir, who moved With his family from Rhode Island to Pentield in 1801. He settled on a farm two miles north and west of Penfield village and died there, leaving to his children — six sons and three daughters — a rich inheritance of New England thrift and frugality. Libbeus Ross, jr., was reared on the paternal farm and received such educational advantages as the primitive district schools afforded. He was a life-long farmer, a prominent member of the M. E. church, a member of the old Monroe County Pioneer Association, and died in Penfield in the spring of 1866. He was twice mar- ried and had five children who attained maturity, as follows: Mrs. Calvm Eaton, Mrs. Benjamin Crippen, Mrs. Egbert Leak, Martin V. B., and Austin P., the others being born to him by his first wife. Austin P. Ross was born in Penfield on October 10, 1828. His early life was spent upon his father's farm and he succeeded to the old homestead, where he resided until May, 1866, when he removed to Rochester, where he died September 10, 18T2. As a farmer he was successful, but it was as a bu.siness man in Rochester that he became best and most widely known. Soon after coming here he became one of the origi- nators and a heavy stockholder of the Vacuum Oil Company, of which he continued as a director until his death. In this he acquired an enviable reputation as well as a competency, and for several j-ears sustained intimate relations with the commercial interests of the city. He was a man of the strictest integrity and universally re- spected and esteemed. A consistant christian, he was first a member of the Penfield M. E. church and later of the Alexander Street M. E. church, being long one of their official boards and a trusted counsellor. He v,-as for many years a Master Mason, and one of the prominent and influential men of the community. In politics he was always a Republican, but never became actively identified with partisan affairs, although he constantly manifested a keen interest in public matters for the welfare and advancement of his town and city. His career was almost wholly a business one, in which he met with unvarying success and no little distinction. He was a man who made close friendships, and, making, kept them throughout life. December 24, 1865, he married Mrs. Caroline (De Witt) Easton, of Rochester, who survives him. She was a daughter of Jacob De Witt, a native of New Jersey, and an .early settler of Greece. 60 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY.. LSAAC R. ELWOOn.i Isaac R. Elwuud was born at Herkimer, in the ^lohawk valley, N. Y., in 1800, and received a common school education. He descended from an ancient German family, of which one branch settled in England many generations ago. To this branch be- longed Thomas Ellwood, the Quaker, reader and friend to the blind poet, John Milton. Our subject's grandfather, Richard Ellwood, of German extraction, came to America from England in 1748, and soon afterward settled in the town of Minden, Montgomery county, in the Mohawk valley. He was a mason by trade, and an old stone house near St. Johnsville still stands to attest his handiwork. His son, Richard Ellwood, jr., father of Isaac R., was born in England and had attained the age of six years when the family came to this country. He was a farmer in the Mohawk valley, and married a Miss Bell, by whom he had six children, Isaac R. being the youngest. John Elwood, a younger brother of Richard, jr., settled in Canada and changed the orthography of the name from Ellwood to Elwood, which was originally Ellwoode. The following incident relative to the mother of Mrs. Richard Ellwood, jr., appears in the Documentary History of New York, Vol. I., p. 522. During the French and Indian war, when an attack from the Indians was imminent. Captain Herchamer issued orders calling upon all settlers to take refuge within Fort Herkimer. By an oversight Mrs. Bell and her family were left unwarned. They were surprised, her husband and two children were killed, and an infant's brains wgre dashed out, while she herself was scalped and left for dead, here nose being also nearly cut off. Her then unborn child became in course of time the mother of the subject of this memoir. Mrs. Bell suffered severely from the .shock, and was several times at the point of death before she recovered. Isaac R. Elwood, who adopted the spelling of the name as modified by his uncle, was reared on the paternal farm amid the Dutch settlements of the famous Mohawk valley. About 1830 he came to Rochester, where he not only spent the remainder of his life, but which w^as destined to become the scene of his active and useful career. After studying law and being admitted to the bar he practiced his profession in part- nership with those two distinguished brother jurists, Samuel L. and Henry R. Selden, for several years, acquiring eminent success and a wide reputation. Possessing a profound knowledge of legal literature, and endowed with great ability and sound judgment, he was recognized as an able lawyer and a trusty counsellor. Originally a Democrat and subsequently a Republican in politics he always manifested a keen interest in public affairs, and in 1838 officiated as clerk of the Common Council. Afterward he was clerk of the New York State Senate for two sessions, and at the outbreak of the war of the Rebellion he took a prominent part in supporting the Union cause. But in the midst of this struggle, on February 27, 1868, he died at his home in this city from injuries received in a runaway accident, widely respected and esteemed. To his memory his eldest child and only son, Frank Worcester Elwood, erected in 1879 the handsome and substantial Elwood building on the historic north- east corner of State and Main streets. It was as one of the founders of the Western Union Telegraph Company, however, ' This .sketch properly belon.ajs in the chapter <>n '■ Judi^es and -Vlturneys," but was received too hite fur insertion therein. BIOGRAPHICAL. 61 that Mr. Elwood acquired a name whicli imperishably stands upon the annals of time. When this great corporation was formed by the consolidation of lines which then covered thirteen States of the Union he was retained as an attorney, and in that capacity drew all the papers which started the enterprise and placed it upon a successful working basis. He was also made its first secretary and treasurer and held those positions until his death in 1863, his office being in Rochester. As a citizen Mr. Elwood was endowed with the highest qualifications, and in both public and private life he was esteemed for his many noble characteristics. He was a public benefactor. All movements of a worthy nature met with his generous sup- port and encouragement. He traveled extensively, and being a close observer ac- quired a large fund of valuable information. In 1839 he made an extended tour of Europe and kept a journal of rare interest. In 1849 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Handy Gold, third child of "William Erskine and Caroline (Handy) Gold, of Pitts- field, Mass. Her father was a lawyer. Her mother was a daughter of Abigail Rosewell Salton stall and Dr. William Handy, of New York. Abigail was a daughter of Rosewell Salton stall, seventh son of Gurdon Saltonstall (son of Governor Gurdon Saltonstall, of Connecticut) and Rebeckah Winthrop, of New London, who was a daughter of John Winthrop and Ann Dudley. Ann Dudley was a daughter of Governor Joseph Dudley, of Massachusetts, lieutenant-gov^ernor of the Isle of Wight, and first chief justice of New York; he was a son of Thomas Dudley, governor of Massachusetts, 1576-1653, first major-general of Massachusetts, and a direct de- scendant of John Sutton, first baron of Dudley, and first of the Dudleys who were dukes of Northumberland and earls of Warwick and Leicester.^ Mrs. Isaac R. Elwood was also a relative of the poet Longfellow's second wife. She died September 10, 1869, leaving three children, viz.: F'rank Worcester, of Rochester; Mrs. Arthur L. Devens, of Boston ; and Mrs. Ludwig Klipfel, whose husband is a captain in the Prussian army. Mrs. Klipfel died in January, 1895. FREEMAN EDSON, M. D. The subject of this sketch was of English descent. The family name sometimes appears, however, as Edson, sometimes as Edison, and again as Addison, and on this account it has been found difiicult to trace it in the old country. The first rep- resentative of the family in America was Samuel Edson, who reached New England about 1626. With Miles Standish and John Alden he was one of the original corpo- rators of Bridgewater, Mass , marrying a daughter of the Rev. John Keith, the first minister of that settlement. After him came Samuel II., Samuel III., Samuel IV., and Jonah. Dr. Freeman Edson was the thirteenth of fourteen children of Jonah and Betty Edson, of Westmoreland, N. H., and was born September 24, 1791. His mother lived to see her ninety-seventh year with little failure of her faculties except her sight. He entered upon the study of medicine in the office of Dr Amos Twitchell in the adjoining town of Keene. Completing his course in 1814 at Yale ' Vide "Sutton-Dudleys of EiiKland," by Georj^e Arnold; London, John Russell .Smith, :W.Soho Square, IHiii. 62 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. College the professors recommended him to a vacancy at Watertown, N. Y., but on his arrival there he found the place occupied by a surgeon from the war just closed. He therefore mounted his horse and rode westward through a wilderness unbroken except for settlements at Canandaigua and Rochester. In the latter place there was at the time but a single frame dwelling. Proceeding twelve miles farther south the young traveler found a maternal uncle, Isaac Scott, who had already come from New Hampshire and settled on Allan's Creek. It was after this uncle tliat the village of Scottsville was named, and here it was that Dr. Edson began his rerharkable medical career, which was to continue unbroken for nearly seventy years. In preparation for his marriage he erected, in 1816, the house which he occupied until his death, and which is still the summer home of his descendants. Dr. Edson found the settlers along Allan's Creek and tlie Genesee River afflicted with the disorders incident to a new country. The roads and bridges were of the poor- est ; the rides were long. In the spring and autumn came weeks when the physician had only snatches of rest, yet he never seemed to weary. His devotion to his pro- fession was entire. He had great success. There was not only a natural aptitude for the work, but a trained judgment. His diagnosis was seldom at fault. He kept up with the times, acquaintmg himself with new methods and new remedies, and had a special genius for surgery, being one of the first within a wide region to perform successfully the operation of trepliining. After he was ninety years of age he fear- lessly removed a tumor from a patient's face. While at the last he sought no prac- tice there were always difficult cases which demanded the old doctor's attention. His neighbors and friends celebrated his ninetieth birthday with great interest. Many were the incidents then recalled in illustration of his boldness and skill. In the autumn of 1882, making a visit to his son at Indianapolis, he received marked at- tention from the medical profession there, especially from Dr. Thomas B. Harvey, a distinguished surgeon. He was invited to address the students of the Indiana Med- ical College and told the young men how to succeed in living long. The remarks were widely reported throughout the country, and in some of the newspapers Dr. Edson was probably with truth described as the oldest practicing physician in the United States. His professional influence gained much from his personal traits. His integrity was spotless. In forming and in expressing opinions he was fearless. His hospitality was well known, and nothing pleased him betterthan to see his friends in his own house. While engrossed in his profession his patriotism was conspicuous He stood for liberty, and disliked any departure from the simplicity of Republican traditions. For political office he had neither taste nor time. In early days, however, he was the postmaster, De Witt Clinton made him an army surgeon, and in 1848 he was put upon the Van Buren ticket as presidential elector. During the Civil war he was ready in every way to uphold the Union. Eearly in his career Dr. Edson con- nected himself with the Presbyterian church, and was for many years a trusted counsellor and office-bearer. The end came June 24, 1883, after a few days' illness from pneumonia. Dr. Edson was thrice married: — to Judith Mason of Keene, N. H., of whom were born Freeman Mason and Emeline; to Mary Hanford, of Scottsville, of whom Elizabeth and Hanford Abram were born; and to Thankful Olnistead Goodrich. BIOGRAPHICAL. 63 HOSE A ROGERS. HosEA Rogp:ks, one of the oldest residents of the town of Irondequoit, is the youngest son and child of Ezra Rogers and was born in the present limits of the city of Rochester on January 17, 1813. His father came to Monroe county from Massa- chusetts about 1810 and died some seven years afterward, leaving children Diodat, Ezra, jr., Betsey, Caroline, and Hosea. The parents possessed all the sterling attributes of nature that characterize old-time New Englanders, and were abun- dantly qualified for the task of implanting their family standard in the then wild Genesee country. After his father's death Hosea Rogers was reared by his brothers, who were imbued with the same worthy characteristics of their race; at about the age of eleven his mother died, thus leaving him an orphan. His education was de- rived from the district school, which in that early day afforded meagre opportunities for the dis.semination of even the rudiments of the common Engli.sh branches. To this limited book knowledge, however, he acquired a practical experience which proved far more valuable and useful at that period than educational institutions could afford, for what was needed more than anything else was a strong, rugged constitu- tion, an indomitable perseverance, and a liberal degree of native energy. And all these Mr. Rogers possessed m full measure. At the age of fifteen he became a sailor on the great lakes, an occupation in which he was destined to rank among the leaders of the time. He continued in this busi- ness for ten years, rising through all the grades to the position of master. Toward the close of that period his brothers built and ran a sailing vessel between Rochester and Chicago, and of this craft he had charge as captain in 1834. About 1887 he pur- chased a farm of eighty-five acres in Irondequoit, which inclnded a part of the pres- ent Seneca Park, and to it he subsequently added other tracts until he now owns 160 acres of the choicest and most valuable lands in town. Soon after settling here he also engaged m the business of building sailing vessels and built in all fourteen — some at Charlotte and others in Ohio and Michigan. At the same time, and in fact down to the present day, he carried on the farm. In October, 1837, Mr. Rogers married Polly Van Dusen, of Irondequoit, who died January 2.5. 1871. His second wife, whom he wedded May 1, 1873, was Mary J. Lyon, of Albion, N.Y., who died May 25, 1875. On February 2, 1876, he married, third, Asenath Schofield, of Port Colborne, Ontario, Canada, and their childreh are Polly M., William H., Luella A., Ezra S., and Alida J. Although taking a keen interest in public affairs, Captain Rogers has given prac- tically his entire attention to business, in which he has been uniformly successful. His long experience on the lakes gave him an extensive knowledge of all kinds of sailing craft as well as the laws that govern inland sailors, and when he entered the field of boat building he was fully qualified to meet the requirements of the time. As a citizen he has ever manifested a public spirit, a lively regard for general pro- gress, and a generous nature in worthy movements. Preferring the career of a substantial farmer to the excitement and uncertainty of political life, he has always declined official honors. He has, nevertheless, taken great interest in the advance- ment and prosperity of his town and especially of his own community, and is widely esteemed and respected as an upright, conscientious man and neighbor. At the age of nearly eighty-four he enjoys with his family the fruits of a long and jjrofitable career. 64 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ALFRED WRI(;HT. Ai.KRKii Wkic.iii, perfumer, was born in Avon, N. V., November 5, 1830, and fin- ished his education at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary in Lima. Coming to Rochester in 1850 he first engaged in the hardware and gas fixture business, to which he later added that of building the first rosin gas works in Western New York. He con structed a large number of these works throughout this part of the State, as at that time they were in general demand. The business, however, proved unprofitable and' Mr. Wright went to Oil City, Pa., arriving there during the first flush of the great oil excitement. He engaged in an allied business to that of the gas works — that ot handling and selling oil-w-ell tubing, fixtures, etc., and through the fine quality of his goods secured an enormous trade, which he continued until the big fire of 1865, when he returned to Rochester. lu 1866 he began the study and manufacture of per- fumery, a business in which he became the foremost representative in America, his factory at the corner of West avenue and Willowbank place being the best and most complete establishment of the kind in the world. He probably acquired a wider reputation and enjoyed a more extensive influence in his line than any similar manu- facturer in any country, but it all came by degrees, by perseverance and continued effort, and by steadfastness of purpose. He was practically a pioneer in the busi- ness, and engaged in it at a time when perfumery was almost wholly imported. " In a country where few distinguish between crude smells and artistic perfumes," he said, " I shall make the artistic. I .shall wait for the most unmercantile class of mer- chants — the druggists — to sell them : because the druggist cares more for quality than the average shopkeeper." He waited, but finally the highest degree of success crowned his efforts. He accumulated a fortune and died, widely respected and as widely known, Jannary 18, 1891. Since then his sons, Alfred G. and John S. Wright, who had been reared under the influence of the establishment, have ably conducted the business. Mr. Wright was a man w'hose honesty and probity were never questioned. Meet- ing with reverses in the earlier part of his career and accumulating a fortune in later life, he conscientiously discharged every obligation to the full satisfaction of all with whom he had ever had business dealings. He always took a keen interest in public affairs and was a trusted friend and counsellor of the Republican party, but he de- clined official honors and never became a politician. For eight years he was chair- man of the Republican Business Men's Committee. He was also a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Rochester Park Commission, and the Masonic fraternity, a director in the Commercial Bank, a trustee of the Mechanics' Savings Bank, the Rochester Electric Light Company, the City Hosi)ital, and the lienesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, vice-president of the Humane Society, and j)iesident of the board of trustees of the Brick church. He was charitable to a fault, and liberally sup- ported institutions and objects which met his approval. Mr. Wright was married, first, in 1853, to Miss Maria E. Goold, daughter of Horace O. Goold, of Lyndonville, N. Y. She died October 1, 1859, leaving one son, Alfred Goold Wright, born January 24, 1856. His second wife, Mary Jeanne Hunter, daughter oi Daniel Hunter, of Orleans county, whom he married in 1H64, died Janu- ary 8, 1877, leaving three children: Marian Hunter Wright, John Sears Wright, and Margaret Jeanne Wright. February 13, 1879, he married, third. Miss Mary Dean (^e/tcJ Ck^Ufy^ BIOGRAPHICAL. 65 Butterfield, daughter of Hon. Martin Butterfield. a prominent citizen of Palmyra, N. Y., and at one time congressman from that district, who survives him. Alfred G. Wright was married on April 5, 1879, to Miss Cora Hall, daughter of Jonathan O. Hall, a pioneer of Rochester and for many years a prominent liveryman here. They have three children: Mary Dean, Corinne Hall, and Ethel Amelia. GEORGE A. GOSS. George A. Goss was born in the town of Pittsford, Monroe county, N. Y., March 3, 1834. His grandfather, John Goss, a native of Schoharie county, came to Pitts- ford in 1816 and for a time kept tavern on his farm ; he married Mary Lamont, whose family were early settlers of Schoharie, and died at Allan's Creek in Brighton in 1847 ; his father, Ephraim Goss, served throughout the Revolutionary war and was a gallant and successful soldier. Ephraim Goss, youngest child of John and father of George A., was born in Scho- harie count}' in 1806, was educated and reared in the Genesee valley, taught school several terms, and studied law with Ira Bellows, of Pittsford. Admitted to the bar in 1831 he practiced his profession in that village until his death in June, 1877, except a few periods of interruption when official duties called him elsewhere. He was an old line Whig and then a Republican, and throughout life took an active part in political affairs. In 1837 he was elected county clerk and served one term ; after- ward he was justice of sessions for several years and for thirty years officiated as jus- tice of the peace. In 1860 and 1861 he served as State senator from this district and in the Senate was chairman of the committee on internal affairs of towns and counties. He was also supervisor of Pittsford several years, chairman of the board two years, and prominently identified with all that concerned the public welfare. He was al- ways a leading member and generous supporter of the Pittsford Presbyterian church, of which he was long the treasurer and for manj- years served as an elder. In 1840 he located on the place now occupied by George A., and at that time owned a farm of about seventy-five acres adjoining. He married Margaret Porter, who was the mother of his five children: George A., Caroline C, wife of Charles McLouth, a prominent lawyer of Palmyra, N. Y. ; Chauncey P., treasurer and manager of the Scoville Manufacturing Company, of Waterbury, Conn.; Mary E., who died in Waterbury, Conn., in 1874; and John Henry, who died in 1858, aged five years. George A. Goss received his education in the public schools of Pittsford and Roch- ester and remained on the farm until the age of twenty-five, when he engaged in the commission business as a dealer in grain, coal, lumber, etc., at Fairport. He continued in that for several years and then went to Waterbury, Conn., where he was associated with the Waterbury Brass Company, of which he was successively traveling representative, and secretary. He returned to Pittsford in 1870 and has resided there ever since, looking after and settling estates in the capacity of admin- istrator, executor, etc. On January 25, 1882, he married Miss Kate Billinghurst, daughter of Henry Billinghurst, of Pittsford. Mr. Goss has been for many years actively identified with the Republican party and since 1870 has almost continuously held public office. He was town clerk for G6 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. three years and a justice of the peace about as many terms, and in 1872, 1873, and 1874, represented tlie district of Monroe in the Assembly, where he was chairman of the committee on villages during the three sessions. He was also a member of the sub-committee of the whole, the committee on roads and bridges, and the committee on e.xpenditures of the executive department. In 1875 he was first elected supervisor and has held that office twelve years— 1875, 1866, 1877, 1880. and 1888 to 1895 inclu- siue — being chairman of the board in 18.6, 1877 and 1889, chairman of the law com- mittee during several sessions, and in 1893 becoming a member of the building com- mittee of the new court-house. He was sergeant-at-arms of the Assembly in 1876 and 1877 and held the same post in the State Senate in 1884 and 1885, and for the past four years has been one of the inspectors of the Monroe County Penitentiary. In all these official capacities Mr. Goss has won distinction and respect, and few men enjoy a longer and better political record. He performed the duties of each position with ability, faithfulness, and good judgment. In town affairs he has always taken a lively interest, and educational matters have constantly found in him a firm friend and generous supporter. He early joined Northfield Lodge, No. 426, F. & A. M., of Pittsford, and is now a prominent member of Hamilton Chapter R. A. M., and Monroe Commanderv K. T., of Rochester. HENRY J. SNYDER. Henry J. Snyder was born in Rochester, N. Y., July 2, 1855. Jacob Snyder, his father, was born in Germany in 1829, came to America in 1850, and settled in Roch- ester, where he engaged in house building. In 1858 he moved to Riga, Monroe county, where he has since followed the vocation of a farmer, settling upon his pres- ent place the same year and adding to it until he now owns 130 acres. He has al- ways taken a lively interest in town affairs and since his settlement there has been a prominent member of the Congregational church at Churchville. He married Rosa Wherlie, a native of Germany, but a resident of Rochester, and they have had chil- dren as follows: Henry J., Robert, Augustus J., Charles E., and Rosa Lena. Henry J. Snyder, the oldest of these five children, received his education in the public schools of Riga and at Chili Seminary. Inheriting the thrifty characteristics of a worthy German ancestry, he early imbibed the qualities which make the success- ful and enterprising citizen, and upon leaving school engaged in the building busi- ness, which he continued about four years. He then started out for himself, becom- ing a general contractor and builder, and ever since has carried on a large and profitable business, which extends throughout the counties of Monroe and Genesee. He has erected a number of fine and imposing churches, notably the Catholic edifices at Churchville and Byron and the M. E. church at Chili, and also several large school houses, among them being the one at North Parma and the new brick struc- ture at Churchville, besides many residences in Rochester and elsewhere. Mr. Snyder is one of the largest contractors in the county outside the city, and in his chosen calling has met with unvarying success. He has also been heavily engaged in the retail lumber business in Churchville since 1889, and is one of the most exten- sive property owners in that village, where he became a permanent resident in 1883 L/uTHjd-f) 4^^^--c/^U6/ BIOGRAPHICAL. 67 In politics Mr. Snyder has for several years been an active and influential leader, and being a staunch Republican, like his father, has taken a prominent part in the councils of his party, which has often placed him in positions of trust. In 1883 he was elected a trustee of the village of Churchville and the following year was chosen president, and for ten consecutive years he filled one or the other of these offices. He was also a member of the Board of Education four year.s— one of which he served as president— prior to the spring of 1802, when he resigned to accept the election of supervisor. In 1893 he was unanimously re elected supervisor, and since then he has been re-elected to that office without"opposition, serving now on his fourth year. As a member of the board he has labored conscientiously for the best interests of his constituents and for the welfare of both town and county. He was one of two who made the equalization table for 1893 and has always been a member of various im- poi-tant committees. For one year he was chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Monroe county court-house and jail, and at the expiration of that term was unani- mously elected by the Board of Supervisors as inspector of the Monroe County Peni- tentiary for four years beginning January 1, 1895. He has frequently been sent as a delegate to Republican State, district and county conventions, and for four years has been a member of the Republican County Committee from Riga. He is one of the most enterprising citizens of Western Monroe, and has always taken a keen in- terest in all movements which have for their object the betterment and advancement of his town and village. Being one of the heaviest tax-payers of the community he is intimately associated with its welfare and progress September 26, 1877, Mr. Snyder married Miss Louisa Moore, daughter of John Moore, of Batavia, N. Y. , and they are the parents of four children: Helen Louise, Henrv Frederick, Irene Elizabeth, and Florence. ALPHONSO COLLINS. Alphonso Collins, third child and second son of Calvin and Armida (Marsh) Collins, farmers and natives of Massachusetts, was born in the town of Sardinia, Erie county, N. Y., September 6, 1830, and moved with the family to Ogden, Monroe county, about 1840. He was reared on a farm until the age of nineteen, attending district schools winters, and then engaged in the grocery business at Niagara Falls with John Pierce, as Pierce & Collins He soon disposed of his interest there and turned his attention to railroading, accepting a position as brakeman on the New York Central and Hudson River line between Syracuse and Rochester. Ten months later he was promoted to conductor and remained on the road in all twenty-seven years, running principally between Syracuse and Buffalo. In 1852 he settled in Rochester, where he has ever since resided. Mr. Collins resigned as conductor in 1879, and for one year was superintendent of the Irondequoit Bay Railroad from Rochester to Sea Breeze. In the meantime he had become interested in trotting and trotting stock, and in 1880, upon the reorgani- zation of the Rochester Driving Park Association, was made its secretary and treas- urer, which positions he has held ever since, being also a member of the board of directors. The success of this association is largely due to his untiring efforts and 68 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY efficient management. For more than fifteen years he has given it his undivided attention, attending personally to all the details of its meets, and ably directing its business with the noted horsemen of the country. He is a prominent member of Cyrene Commandery K. T., and for several years has officiated as vestryman of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church of Rochester. In politics he is a Democrat, and for two years served as alderman of the First ward of Rochester, but excepting this has steadfastly declined public or political honors, preferring the more congenial field of busmess activities. In June, 1855, Mr. Collins was united in marriage to Miss Persis Eldredge, daughter of Asel Eldredge, of Gates. She died in August, 1883, and in October, 1884, he mar ried her sister. Miss Ann Augusta. LOUIS ERNvST. Louis Ernst was born in Zinsheim, near Baden Baden, Germany, July 19, 1825, and came with his parents to this country in 1831. His father at that time purchased a farm on the River road, about four miles south of Rochester, in the town of Brighton, Monroe county, and in the schools of the neighborhood the lad received his education. While yet a youth, however, he began to earn his own living as a clerk- in the shoe store of John Wegman in Rochester. In 1845 he accepted a similar posi- tion in the hardware store of D. R Barton, where he remained for eleven years, and where he acquired a thorough knowledge of the business in which he was subse- quently so successful. In 1856, having accumulated a little capital, he commenced business for himself in partnership with Ferdinand Seifried, under the firm name of Ernst & Seifried. They rapidly built up a large hardware trade and laid the founda- tions for a thrifty enterprise. In 1869 Mr. Ernst sold his interest to his partner and opened another store, which he conducted alone until 1880, when he admitted his eldest son, Louis J. Ernst (who had been his clerk since 1863), as a partner under the style of Louis Ernst & Son. This firm continued an extensive business until 1891, when a stock company was organized with Mr. Ernst as president, the stockholders and other officers being his sons and daughters. He died suddenly at his home in this city on April 3, 1892, and since then Louis J. Ernst has officiated as president of the concern. Mr. Ernst possessed a most commendable patriotism and a military spirit of rare purity. He entered the old State militia in 1849, and passed through all the grades to lieutenant-colonel of the 54th Regiment in 1860, a position he held for two years thereafter. He was a memberof the war committee which in 1862 had charge of raising the lOSlh and 140th Regiments, as well as other small organizations for the county of Monroe, and was urgently solicited to take command of the 140th, but de- clined to do so. He finally consented, however, to accept the position of lieutenant- colonel if an officer already in the service, and who had had a military education, would become colonel. The suggestion was acted upon, and P. H. O'Rourke, a graduate of West Point, was so appointed. Colonel O'Rourke was then at the front and remained there, and the active work of organizing the regiment and taking it to the seat of hostilities devolved upon Lieutenant-colonel Ernst. In fact he commanded BIOGRAPHICAL. 69 the 140th nearly all the time he was in the service, Colonel O'Rourke being frequently detailed as brigade commander. Colonel Ernst participated with his regiment in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, where Colonel O'Rourke was killed, and immediately after the latter was unanimously elected colonel by the officers of the organization, but declined the honor in favor of Col. George Ryan, a graduate of West Point, on account of business interests at home requiring his prompt attention. As soon as his resignation was accepted he returned to Rochester. Mr. Ernst was endowed with business qualifications of a high degree, and through- out life took a prominent part in the material prosperity of the city. In 1869 he was appointed by Gov. Reuben E. Fenton as one of the managers of the Western House of Refuge (now the State Industrial School) at Rochester and held that position until he resigned in 1885. He was one of the originators of the Rochester German Insur- ance Company, and served as a member of its board of directors from its organiza- tion till his death, being its president in 1875 and 1876, and declining a re-election to that office on account of business duties, but accepting the vice-presidency instead. He was also a director in the East Side Savings Bank from its inception in 1869 until his death in 1892. When the German American Bank was organized in 1875 he be- came a member of its board of directors and continued in that capacity during the remainder of his life. He was a member of the Memorial Committee having charge of the erection of the soldiers' monument, and at the time of his decease was com- mander of the Veteran Brigade. During his entire career he manifested a patriotism which sprung from the fires of a noble heart; he was a soldier and a soldier's friend ; a loyal citizen, a wise counsellor, and a public-spirited, generous and enterprising man of affairs. Charitable and benevolent objects found in him a liberal supporter, while all worthy movements received his hearty encouragement. At the time of his death he was the oldest and most widely known hardware merchant in Rochester, having been m continuous business in this city since 1845, a period of forty-seven years. In all his varied relations he was highly esteemed and respected as a man of the strictest integrity, of the purest motives, and of the highest character. He was a prominent member of St. Joseph's Church from the time of its erection in 1884 until his death. In politics Mr. Ernst always took a lively interest, although he was never actively engaged therein as a politician. He was supervisor and alderman from the Tenth ward from 1860 to 1864, inclusive, and was repeatedly urged to accept, and was several times nominated for almost every position in municipal and county govern- ment, but invariably declined official honors, preferring to give his attention and energy wholly to his business and numerous other interests. He died, as stated, April 3, 1892, leaving a widow, three sons and four daughters, Louis J., Edward J., Charles B., Cora M., Louisa J., Helen E., and Mary D. GEORGE TAYLOR. The subject of this memoir was a lineal descendant of William Taylor (1), who came to America in 1635, lived and probably settled at Concord, Mass., and died in 1696, being the father of John, Samuel, Abraham (2), Isaac, Joseph, and Mary Tay- 70 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. lor, his wife beint^ Mary Merriman. Abraham Taylor (3), son of the Abraham just mentioned, was born about 1690, and moved from Concord to Dunstable, Mass. The line from him is as follows; (4) Deacon Samuel, second son, born October 1, 1708, died October Ji, 1792, his wife being Susannah Perkins: (5) Jonas, born November 30, 1739, married Mary Danforth, and died December 15, 1823: ((5) Danforth, born October 30, 1769, married, in Dunstable, December 2, 1790, Tabitha Fletcher (who was born in Hollis, N. H., February 5, 1770. and died m Stoddard, N. H., June 8, 1859), moved to Stoddard, N. H., in 1793, and died there January 4, 1858. All these were born in Dunstable, Mass. Jacob Taylor (7). son of Danforth and father of our subject, was born in Stoddard, January 10, 1797, and married in June, .1828, Mary Harnden, who was born in Wilmington, Mass., November 27, 1801. Their children, all of whom were born in Stoddard, N. H., were George, born November 26, 1832; Mary A., born in May, 1836; and Frank, born October 4, 1844. George Tajdor was reared and educated amid the picturesque environments of Stoddard, Cheshire county, N. H., and inherited the principles of thrift and manli- ness which characterized his race. In July, 1851, when less than nineteen years of age, he came to Rochester and engaged in the business of manufacturing thermom- eters, barometers, etc., with which he was identified during the remainder of his life, being at the time of his death the senior member of the firm of Taylor Brothers, who.se establishment ranked among the largest of the kind in the United States. Mr. Taylor, mainly through his individual labors, built up this extensive enterprise, which employed a large force of skilled artisans and disbursed hundreds of thousands of dollars. In January, 1890, the Taylor Brothers Company was incorporated, of which the officers are Frank Taylor, president and treasurer; J. Merton Taylor, vice- president; and G. Elbert Taylor, secretary. Mr. Taylor was a life-long Democrat and always took an active interest in public affairs. From 1865 to 1868 he represented the Eighth ward in the Common Council and for one year was president of that body. In 1873 and 1874 he was a member of assembly, and during that period secured by legislative enactment the admi.ssion of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth wards in the city. His marked ability and faithful pub- lic service were admitted and complimented by citizens of all parties. He was a member of the Chamber of Commerce and of Rochester Lodge F. & A. M., a direc- tor in the Union Bank, and a stockholder in the Standard Sewer Pipe Company, the Genesee Brewmg Company, and other local enterprises. He died at his home in this city October 20, 1889, universally respected as an upright, conscientious man whose life was marked by fairness and honesty. He possessed business ability of a high order, and as a man of affairs was eminently successful. He generously encouraged and supported all worthy objects, and took a lively interest in the growth and pros- perity of the city, February 1, 1855, Mr. Taylor was married in Stoddard, N. H., to Miss Joanna Gilson, who was born in that place October 20. 1833, and who survives him. They were the parents of eight children, namely; Jacob Merton, Fred Alison (born Sep- tember 16, 1857, died January 28, 1883), George Elbert, Minnie, Horatio Seymour, Carrie, Cora, and Charles Walter. BIOGRAPEJICAL. 71 JACOB GERLING. Jacob Gerling, senior member of the milling firm of Gerliug Brothers, of Roches- ter, was born in Alsace, Germany, April 15, 1840, and received his education in his native country. Coming to America in 1855 he settled in Rochester, where he has since resided. In 1857 he engaged in the flour, feed, and milling business, which he still continues. He is one of the leaders of the Democratic party in Western New York and has several times been nominated or mentioned for responsible official trusts. From 1869 to 1873 he represented the Eleventh ward in the Common Council, and in 1874 and 1875 served as weighmaster of the city. In 1875 and 1876 he was a member of the board of supervisors; in 1880 was elected to the executive board of Rochester for a term of three years and during the last two years of that period served as chairman. In 1887 and again in 1889 he was elected a city assessor, and at the State convention of 1895 was prominently mentioned for the position of State treasurer. In all these capacities he served with distinction and rare executive ability. Mr. Gerling is one of the best known and most popular of Rochester's German American citizens, and has always taken an active interest in public and business matters. He is a director in the Rochester German Insurance Company, the Ger- man-American Bank, and the Bartholomay Brewing Company, and a prominent member of the Rochester Chamber of Commerce, Germania Lodge of Masons, Hum- bolt Lodge I. O. O. F., Americus Lodge A. O. U. W., the Rochester Mannechor and Liederkranz, the German Trinity church, and for more than a quarter of a century of Cyrene Commandery K. T. Enterprising, generous, and public spirited, he is one of the most active promoters of the city's material interests, and bears the respect and esteem of all who know him. In 1873 Mr. Gerling was married to Miss Louisa Klein, daughter of the late George Klein, of Rochester. They have five .sons and four daughters. JUNIUS JUDSON. Junius Judson was born on a farm in Jefferson county, N. V., on February 5, 1813, and obtained his education from the district schools of his native town. The death of his father threw him upon his own resources at an early age. About 1830 he came to Rochester and learned the machinist's trade, and a few years later removed to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he engaged in business as a foundryman and hardware man- ufacturer. In 1848 he invented and patented the celebrated steaiin engine governor which bears his name, and in 1851 returned to Rochester and began its manufacture, which he has ever since continued with remarkable success. For many years Mr. Judson devoted his time largely to prosecuting those who had infringed upon his patents in this country and in Canada, and in this he has been very successful, hav- ing secured large returns from the very cousiderable sums expended by him in patent litigation. Endowed with great energy, patience and perseverance, he possesses the ability, unusual among inventors, of obtaining for himself the rewards accruing 72 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. from his inventions and of vigorously protecting the results of his talents against unscrupulous imitators. His extensive business enterprises, giving lucrative employ- ment to hundreds of workmen, have for many years contributed materially to the prosperity of both county and city. He is plain and unassuming, and throughout a long and useful life has given generously to benevolent and religious objects. Being a large owner of real estate he has for many years been one of the city's heaviest indi- vidual taxpayers, and, being deeply interested in the growth of Rochester, firmly believes that its government should be conducted upon broad and liberal lines. His whole career has borne out these principles. He favors liberal taxation, desiring that real improvements be secured thereby. He has great confidence in the future of Rochester, and believes that its location and natural advantages destine it to be a greater city, and his faith in this prophecy is shown by his heavy investments in local enterprises. In business and social matters, and in fact in every sphere of life, he is universally recognized as a man of the strictest integrity, of the simplest and purest motives, of steadfastness of purpose, and of great uprightness of character. HENRY A. LANGSLOW. Henry A. Langslow, senior member of the firm of Langslow, Fowler, & Co., was born within twelve miles of London, England, November 16, 1830. His father, Capt. Richard Langslow, was a captain in the East India Company's military service for about twenty years. He visited America in 1817 and made an extended tour of the country, including the then primitive section of the Genesee valley. During his travels he kept a journal, which at this time is both curious and valuable, and which graphically illustrates the pioneer life and notable scenes en route. He was evidently a close observer, a man of good education, and a popular companion. As showing the cost of travel — by steamboat or by stage — the following is gleaned from his interesting notes: From New London to New York, by boat, $8; to Albany, by boat, §8; to Schenectady, by boat, 16 miles, $1.50; to Utica, by stage, 84 miles, $6; to Skaneateles, by stage, §4.75; to Canandaigua, §3.50. Thence he jorurneyed by stages, occupying four days, to Buffalo, and after visiting Niagara Falls returned to to New London, Conn. His descriptions of the forts, etc., along the Niagara River are especially noteworthy, while his accounts of the officers and engagements during the war of 1812 are replete with personal reminiscence. His journal, marked by the stains of time, is preserved and valued bj' his son, the subject of this sketch, who more than three-quarters of a century later is living near the scenes visited by this pioneer tourist. Henry A. Langslow received his education in his native country. In 1849 he emi- grated to America, landing in Nova Scotia, going soon to Prince Edward's Island, and coming thence to Boston, Mass., where he remained about a year. He then re- moved to New York city, where all his children were born, and where he was en- gaged in various occupations for some ten years. In 1860 he came to Rochester and has since made this city his home, being engaged mainly in the furniture business. In 1875 he associated himself with the furniture firm of Burley & Dewey and in 1881 became vice-president of their successors, the I. H. Dewey Furniture Company, in BIOGRAPHICAL. 73 which cajjacity he continued until January, 1885, when he and his son, Stratton C. Langslow, withdrew. He then organized tlie present firm of Langslow, Fowler & Co., of which he has been continuously the financial manager. This concern is one of the largest manufacturers of rocking chairs in the country. It has met with un- varying success from the start, and its prosperity is largely due to Mr. Langslow's great business ability and long practical experience. He is a man of rare tact and foresight, of recognized qualifications, and of indomitable energy and perseverance. Throughout life, although taking a citizen's interest in public affairs and municipal matters, he has steadfastly declined political office. To his business interests he has always given his entire attention, and his long active career is marked with con- tinued success. In 1890 the members of this firm organized and incorporated the Rochester Furniture Company, which for three years manufactured and sold large quantities of folding beds. When the popularity of this class of furniture declined they ceased operations and dissolved. In 1850 Mr. Langslow was married to Miss Catherine M. Cardiff, a native of Char- lottetown, Prince Edward's Island, and they have had five children: Henry Richard and Thomas Walter, deceased, and Louis A. G., Stratton C. , and Helena M. Louis A. G. Langslow was born December 7, 1854, received his education in the public schools of Rochester, and is now employed by Langslow, Fowler & Co. In this connection it is proper to notice briefly the other members of the firm of Langslow, Fowler & Co., for they have individually contributed not a little to its wonderful growth and marked success. Purdy A. Fowler, son of Hiram Fowler, was born on a farm in Yorktown, Westchester county, N.Y., December 27, 1851, and moved with his parents soon after to Peekskill, where he received a good education. For five years he was a clerk in a department store, and then learned the carpen- ter's trade, which he followed successfully for a similar period. He then traveled as a salesman through the West, handling fancy rockers for a Boston firm, until 1885, when he removed from Peekskskil! to Rochester to become a partner of Langslow, Prowler & Co. He is a prominent member of Genesee Falls Lodge, F. & A. M., Hamilton Chapter, R. A. M., Monroe Commandery, K. T., Doric Council, Mystic Shrine, and Veiled Prophets. He is also a member of the Rochester Club and was one of the organizers and for one year president of the old Commercial Club. In 1875 he married Miss Sarah E. Schultz, of Cold Spring on the Hudson, and their chil- dren are Lillie, Carrie, Mamie Edna, and Purdy H. Stratton C. Langslow, son of Henry A. and junior member of the firm, was born in New York city July 8, 1857, and moved with his jjarents to Rochester, where he was educated in Nos. 16 and 18 schools. With the exception of about three years as clerk in the Central-Hudson railroad office here he has always been associated in business with his father, becoming a member and the manager of the wholesale department of the I. H. Dewey Furniture Company, from which he withdrew in January, 1885, to form the firm of Langslow, Fowler & Co. Here he has managed principally the manufacturing part of the business, although he has traveled exten- sively as a salesman. He is a member of Genesee Falls Lodge No. 507, F. & A. M., Hamilton Chapter, R. A. M., Doric Council, Monroe Commandery, K. T., and \'eiled Prophets, and of the Rochester and Rochester Athletic Clubs. April 19, 1884, he married Mary P^lizabeth, daughter of John and Sarah Thompson, and granddaugh- 74 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ter of the late R. I). Lewis, formerly proprietor of the F"orsyth Scale Works of Roch- ester. They have two children: PJarry R. and Helena Mary. PLIXV MILLER I5ROMLEV. Thk subject of this sketch was born in the tf)wn of New Haven, Oswego county, N. v., m September, 1816, and received a common school education. At an early age he entered the employ of an older brother, Hiram Bromley, of Albany, who was part owner of a line of packet and freight boats on the PJrie Canal, and while in this employment he ran between Rochester and Utica until railroads revolutionized trans- portation. He then became proprietor of Stanwix Hall in Albany and later kept the Syracuse House in the " Salt City," and successfully established a wide reputation as a popular landlord. About 1849 he came to Rochester and for a few years was engaged in various occupations. In 1855 he formed a partnership with Charles J. Hayden, under the style of Hayden & Bromley, and established himself in business as a manufacturer and wholesale and retail dealer in furniture at 101-103 State street. This venture proved very succes.sful, and was continued until 1861, when Mr. Brom- ley withdrew and started a similar establishnent at No. 74 State street under the name of P. M. Bromley & Co., his partners being F. S. Hunn and S. M. Spencer. This firm carried on a large business, both as manufacturers and dealers, until 1869. when our subject sold his interest and withdrew wholly from commercial life. In 1868 he took possession of the old Osburn House, which occupied the site of the present Granite building, and this he rebuilt, enlarged, and refitted, doubling its capacity, and making it one of the most popular hotels in the country. He con- tinued as proprietor until his death on October 4, 1874, but its active management devolved upon his brother, Daniel H. Bromley, and his onlj' son, Charles P. Daniel H. Bromley, "Captain Dan," as he was familarly called, was known throughout the State and everywhere had hosts of friend.s. He was a bachelor, and for many years a canal captain and later a conductor on the New York Central Railroad. For a time he kept the Clifton House at Niagara Falls. Pliny M. Bromley was a life-long Democrat and always took an active part in poli- tical affairs. He was long one of the influential and trusted leaders of his party. While a young man he was for a time sergeant-at-arms in the Assembly at Albany, and after his removal to Rochester represented the Fifth ward in the Common Coun- cil several terms. He was also treasurer of the city one term and a member of the Board of Water Commissioners which had charge of the construction of the present waterworks. He was the first president of the East Side t-avings Bank and held that position until his death. In business and social life he was characterized as a man of great integrity, and broad and liberal views, of sound judgment and rare ability, and of indomitable energy and perseverance. Charitable, benevolent, and enterprising he encouraged and sustained all worthy objects, and throughout a use- ful career made hosts of friends. His chief aim in life was to advance the material interests of the city. In 1842 he married Mi.ss Ellen E. Stevens, daughter of Thomas Stevens, of Jordan, N v., who with an only son, Charles Pliny Bromley, survives him. BIOGRAPHICAL. 75 Charles P. Bromley was born in Albany, N. Y., April 6, 1845, and received his education in the public schools of Rochester. From 1862 to 1868 he was associated in business with his father. In the latter year he joined issues with his uncle, Daniel H. Bromley, in the activ^e management of the Osburn House and continued in that capacity until the latter' s death in 1876, succeeding to his father's interest in that hostelry. He then conducted the hotel alone till March, 1879, when he sold out to Buck & Sanger. January 28, 1895, he became the senior member of the present firm of Bromley, Miller & Moore, furniture dealers, at No. 181 East Main street. In 1872-73 he served as alderman of the Fifth ward, but excepting this has held no pub- lic office, although he takes a keen interest in the city's welfare. JEREMIAH S. BAKER. Jeremiah S. Baker, only son of Thomas Baker, was born in Hoosick, Rensselaer county, N. Y. , May 3, 1813, his father being a large cotton manufacturer there. When he was two years old his parents moved to Peterboro, N. H., and at the age of nine he accompanied the family to Northfield, in the same State, where his father, as senior member of the firm of Baker, Cavender & Smith, built a cotton factory and again engaged in manufacturing cotton fabrics. There the youth received his rudi- mentary education, which was supplemented by brief attendance at the academies in Andover and Franklin Village. He finally removed to a farm near Verona, Oneida county, N. Y. , where he married Adeline Sturtevant, who w^as born inThetford, Vt., in 1813. He resided there seven years. In 1845 they came to the village of Fairport, Monroe county, and took up their residence in the house — formerly a tavern — now occupied by Mrs. A. H. Cobb. He first engaged in farming, but subsequently asso- ciated himself with Remsen Vanderhoof, W. K. Goodrich, and Dr. Henry Van Buren in the drug, coal, lumber, and produce commission business, in which he successfully continued until 1869, when he retired permanently from active life. His wife died in 1867, leaving three daughters: Mrs. Emma B. Wygant, of Perinton; Mrs. Frances A. Woolston, of Denison, Iowa; and Mrs. Mary E. Adams, of Los Angeles, Cal. November 21, 1869, Mr. Baker married, second, Almira T. Pepper, of Belchertown, Mass., who survives him, as do also the three daughters just mentioned and an only sister, who resides in Fairport. He died April 2, 188''. ■ Mr. Baker was endowed with rare qualities of head and heart. Originally an old line Whig and subsequently a staunch Republican he always took an active interest in politics and for many years was a trusted local leader. He was in no sense a pol- itician ; his political activity stamped him as a substantial, public spirited citizen. He held the offices of supervisor of Perinton, superintendent of the poor for the eastern district of Monroe county, and member of asesmbly for the first district of ]Monroe— all with marked ability and general satisfaction. He was a man of strict integrity of good judgment, and of great business ability, and was widely respected for his honesty and upright character ; charitable, kind and benevolent, he bore the confidence and esteem of all who knew him. He was a Unitarian in belief, but always attended the Congregational church of Fairport, of which he was a generous supporter. His 76 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. whole life, filled as it was with usefulness and tjood deeds, is worthy of emulation and this brief memorial. IJRVAX HARDING. Bryan Harding, senior member of the firm of Hardinji^& Todd, manufacturers of ladies' fine shoes, was born in County Cork, Ireland, December 22, 1842, and received his education in the national schools of his native country. His father, Joseph Harding, was a shoe manufacturer in Millstreet, and there our subject learned his trade, serving a regular apprenticeship. Leaving Ireland when a young man he came to Boston, where, and in Woburn, Mass., he followed his trade as a journeyman. He finally settled in Lynn and occupied positions as foreman and superintendent in several of the largest shoe factories. While a resident of that city he took an active part in politics, being drawn into the political arena against his expressed wishes. He was elected to the Massachusetts Legislature of 18T9-80on the Independent ticket, and during the session of that body distinguished himself as a member of the com- mittee on labor and as a champion of the workingman. He was very industrious both in committee and in the House. He took a prominent part in seeking to give employees of corporations the benefit of weekly payments. He advocated the pro- tection of operatives; that minors should attend schools and not be employed in factories. He had attention drawn to the enforcement of the ten-hour law, and in- troduced a bill for the benefit of the working classes e.xempting fifty dollars from trustee process. He introduced a measure for a State Board of Arbitration i'or the settlement of trade disputes, which matter the State has taken under consideration. He strongly opposed the consolidation of the Boston and Maine and Eastern rail- roads as tending to create a monopoly. He fought against the project for biennial sessions. Mr. Harding was a good speaker and engaged in debate on questions in which he was interested. He exercised a marked influence in the House owing to his evident desire to be fair to all and to a candor which was ready to be convinced by sound argument. He also served on the board of education of Lynn for three years, being elected on the Democratic and Republican tickets. In 1883 Mr. Harding went to Beloit, Wis., as superintendent of a large ladies' fine shoe factory, whose shoes became celebrated and are still the standard all over the United States. This signal success was wholly due to his elTorts and practical ex- perience. Three years later his services were sought by a large New York concern for the purpose of producing the same line of goods in that city. He moved there and had entire charge of the factor^', and later went to Philadelphia as superinten- dent of a similar establishment. In September, 1889, became to Rochester in charge of the largest shoe factory in the city and remained in that capacity until the labor troubles occurred in the following year, when he resigned. In the fall of 1890 he established the present plant and one month later took in F'. S. Todd as partner. They shipped their first case oi shoes in March, 1891, and since then the growth of the business has been remarkable, having doubled each year. It is the youngest but one of the largest shoe factories in Rochester and employs about 425 hands, having a weekly pay roll of from $3,500 to $4,000. During the year 1895 their output ' .^^SHkMv '''^* m^'' ^^^^^^■bik_> .^^ ' life/-': ^^ ' ''^^I^^Hfli :W ^ /^i>^ ^^<^^L.^ '/ BIOGRAPHICAL. 77 will reach a value of §600,000 or $700,000, and preparations are now being; made to turn out §1,000,000 in 1896. The trade extends into every State and territory in the Union, but is mainly confined to the larger cities. Their factory on State street was erected especially for the purpose and is the second one so built in the city. Mr. Harding has done more to better the shoe trade in Rochester than any other one man. His long practical experience has enable him to grasp every opportunity and turn it to the advantage of the business. The firm's goods, which have succeeded solely upon their merits, are everywhere recognized leaders, especially in the cities. In 1893 they produced a style which eight months later was copied in nearly every city in the world. Personally Mr. Harding has always taken a lively interest in affairs of state and nation, but smce leaving Lynn, Mass., has given his attention wholly to business, in which he has been very successful. September 8, 1871, he married Miss Nancy A. O'Neil, daughter of Eugene O'Neil, now living, an old "landmark" of Scythe- ville, N. H. They have five sons and one daughter: Joseph and Bryan Eugene, graduates of schools in New York and Philadelphia and now in business with their father; and Daniel Paul, John Francis, Charles Stuart, and Mav A. JOHN AYRAULT. John Avrault, son of Nicholas, was born in Sandisfield, Berkshire county, Mass., October 12, 1787. His paternal ancestors were French Huguenots, three brothers of whom — one being a physician — emigrated to this countrj' late in the seventeenth century and settled in Weathersfield, Conn., where members of the family still live. His grandfather, James Ayrault, was a member of the Massachusetts Legislature and a trusted leader in affairs of town and State, and with him our subject resided, man- aging the farm and securing such education as the common schools of Berkshire county afforded. In 1817 he drove a lot of stock to the Genesee Valley for James and Gen. William Wadsworth, and so pleased was he with the appearance and ad- vantages of the country that he res;>lved to take up his residence here. For six years he lived m the town of Lester, near Geneseo, and following this he was for eleven years a citizen of Caledonia, Livingston county. He then removed to what is now the Avrault homestead in Perinton, near Fairport village, where his son Allen now lives, and where he died September 3, 1861. Mr. Ayrault was one of the best and most methodical farmers the county has ever known. He had 300 acres of land, which was well fenced and systematically culti- vated, prinically in rotation. He took great pride in the appearance of his place, and, improving it, made it one of the finest rural seats in the country. Being a heavy dealer in cattle, sheep, etc., he was noted far and wide as a grazier, and for many years carried on a large business in connection with his agricultural interests. He fre- quently exhibited stock at local fairs and was a prominent member of the Monroe County Agricultural Society. He was always a liberal patron of periodicals and publications issued in the interests of the farmer, and possessing sound judgment and keen discrimination was often a judge at State and other fairs. His opinions 78 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. and decisions were never questioned. He was a man of strict integrity and of con- siderable executive abilit\', and withal, was public spirited, benevolent, enterprising and shrewd. His ideas of right and justice were pronounced; his opinions were strong and decided ; and his counsel was often sought. He was widely known, re- spected and esteemed. In politics he was a Whig and then a Republican, but stead- fastly declined public office. Educational and religious matters always received his cheerful and generous support. Mr. Ayrault was married in 1817 to Huldah Smith, of Sandisfield, Mass., who for seven winters and ten summers had taught school in her native State, and who sub- sequently became an active member of the Fairport Congregational church. She died February 26, 1881, aged eighty-eight. Of their ten children seven grew to ma- turity, viz. : Celestia, who died unmarried in 1889; Emily (Mrs. Isaac S. Hobbie), of Fairport; John, who died in Lester; N. Y. , in 1889; George, who died in Dutchess county in 1885; Allen; Warren, of Livingston county; and Miles, a manufacturer of Tonawanda, N. V. ALLEN AYRAULT. Allen Ayrault, son of John and Huldah (Smith) Ayrault, was born in Caledo- nia, N. y., December 27, 1827, and moved with his parents to the town of Perinton in 1833. He attended the district schools and completed his education at the Mace- don Academy in Wayne county. He has always lived on the homestead in Perin- ton, to which he succeeded, in partnership with his brother Warren, upon his father's death in 1861. They bought oiT the other heirs, and .some three years later Allen Ayrault purchased his brother's interest, thus becoming sole proprietor of the pater- nal homestead of 300 acres. Like his father he made a specialty of stock, buying and selling large numbers, and he, too, is counted among the prominent and sub- stantial farmers of the county. He has always been a Republican and is interested in politics for the good of his party. He is public spirited, energetic, and persevering. He has long been a prom- inent member of the Fairpr)rt Presbyterian church, which he has served as trustee. June 18, 1873, he married Miss Lavilla Smith, daughter of Eleazer Smith of White Pigeon, Mich. She was born in Perinton, about one mile west of Fairport, in No- vember, 1848, and at the age of twelve moved with her parents to Michigan. Imme- diately afterward she began teaching school and continued for twelve years, being a part of the time a teacher in the academy at White Pigeon. She was a woman of rare qualities and was also a member of the Fairport Presbyterian church. Her death occurred in September, 1885. She was the mother of five children of whom three are living, namely: Allen, jr., John Winthrop, and Edith Celestia. ISAAC S. HOBBIE. Is.^AC S. HoiUiiK is a son of Caleb K. HobVjie and a native of the town of North East, Dutchess county, N. Y., being born there July 19, 1820. His ancestors, who ,ji^y^^^^^i^?>^A^^ BIOGRAPHICAL. 79 spelled the name Hobby, came from England to this country soon after 1620, and ever since then members of the family have been prominent in affairs of state and nation. Several of the name have held high official positions and distinguished themselves in social, civil and commercial life. At the age of eleven years the subject of this sketch removed with his parents to Irondequoit, Monroe county, where he was reared on a farm. He was educated in the public schools of that town and of Rochester, and finished at Macedon Academy in Wayne county. Prior to this, however, at the age of twenty-one, he was elected town superintendent of schools of Irondequoit and served one term. He taught school in Monroe county about eight years. January 12, 1848, he mar- ried Miss Emily Ayrault, daughter of John Ayrault (whose sketch appears in this volume), and soon afterward moved to Rochester, where he ably filled the position of superintendent of public schools one year. Following this he was a member of the Board of Education for two years. While acting as superintendent he was one of the prime movers in founding the Rochester Free Academy. He then engaged in the manufacture of water and gas pipe and the construction of water and gas works, having factories at Elmira and Tonawanda, N. Y. In 1865 he moved to Elmira, where he became an active member of the Young Men's Christian Association, of which he was president for several years. There he and his wife joined the Rev. Thomas K. Beecher's Congregational church, of which they are still members. In 1877 the two factories were consolidated and Mr. Hobbie removed to Tonawanda, where he continued business until 1886, when he withdrew, being succeeded by Ayrault, Charltan & Co. He then moved to Fairport, Monroe county, where he has since resided, and where he has served as justice of the peace for four years. In all these capacities Mr. Hobbie has been eminently successful. Possessing great energy, ability and perseverance, his business interests developed into ex- tensive proportions. But outside of them he has acquired an equal prominence. He was for a number of years secretary of the old Monroe County Agricultural Society, and has always taken an active part in public affairs. In 1850 he became a charter member of Company L, Rochester City Dragoons, of the 54th Regiment, and re- mained with that organization until its disbandment after the war, being at the time the only one in continuous connection and having served as captain for several years. During the Rebellion the regiment volunteered its services and was sent to Elmira, where it did guard duty. Mr. Hobbie also manifested his patriotism for the Union cause by actively recruiting men for the service. Another important event in his career should be recorded, as it places him among the foremost benefactors of the time. In 1879 he wrote and published an article in the Tonawanda Index (of which his son was editor), advocating the feasibility of harnessing the great power of Niag- ara Falls by constructing a tunnel similar to the one just completed. This is believed to have been the first suggestion of the kind ever offered, and its results have shown the practicability of his plan, although the original idea has been attributed to others. Mr. and Mrs. Hobbie have had born to them three children, by whom they have eight grandchildren, and in none of the families has a death occurred. Their children are John A., of Tonawanda, Alice Emily (Mrs. Charles C. Roosa), and Dr. George S, of Buffalo. The sons are prominently connected with the well known Buffalo Asthmatic Institute. 80 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. E. M. MOORE, M. D. ])k. EiiuAki) MoiT Moore, son of Lindley Murray and Abigail L. (Mott) Moore, was born in Rahway, N. J., July 15, 1814. His ancestors came from England to America between 1025 and 1630 and lived in New York or New Jersey' until the close of the Revolutionary War, when his grandfather moved to Nova Scotia, where L. M. was born. He received a classical education in his father's school at Flushing, L. I., and also attended the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, N. Y. In 1830 he removed with his parents to Rochester, where in 1833 he began the study of medicine in the office of Dr. Anson Coleman. After attending lectures at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in New York city he was graduated from the medical depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania in 1838 being resident physician toBlockley Hospital during his last year, and holding the same position in the Insane Asylum at Frankfort, Pa., for the two years following. He then came to Rochester, where he has ever since resided, and where he has long held the foremost place among the city's eminent physicians and surgeons. For many years he has been the rec- ognized leader of the medical profession in this part of the State. In 1841 Dr. Moore began lecturing on anatomy and continued for seven years. In the spring of 1843 he was elected professor of surgery in the Woodstock Medical Col- lege, and for two months every year until 1854 he was there officiating in that capacity. Since then he has taught surgery in various institutions, particularly in the Buffalo Medical College. He is a member and e.x-president of the American Medical Association and the New York State Medical Society, was the second presi- dent of the Surgical Association of the United States, was president of the State Board of Health for si.\ years, is ex-president af the Genesee Valley Club, and mem- ber of the board of trustees of the University of Rochester, which conferred upon him the degree of LL. D. To him more than to any man is due the inauguration and establishment of Rochester's excellent park system, which was systematically started in 1888, and which to-day places the city in that respect beside the finest and best in the country. Dr. Moore has been president of the park commission since its incep- tion, and in the face of strong opposition has successfully guided the enterprise to i'ts present condition. As a writer on medical subjects he has won wide distinction and coiitriljuted many valuable papers to the literature of his profession. His writings may be found in the Transactions of the American Medical Association and the New York State Medical Society, and in periodicals published in the interests of medicine. In 1847 he mar- ried Miss Lucia Prescott, of Windsor, Vt., granddaughter of Dr. Samuel Prescott, whose brother. Colonel Prescott, was companion to Paul Revere ou his memorable ride to Concord. Of their eight children two sons are physicians and surgeons. ALBREcirr \'()(;'r. Ai.hrkc:hi' Vo(;r was born in Baden, Germany, October 21, 1844. and received a liberal education in the schools of the Fatherland, graduating from a polytechnic in. stilulioii of Ettlingeii in 1859. He then served an apprenticeship at bookkeeping in BIOGRAPHICAL. 81 mercantile eslablishments and traveled for different houses in Germany until 18(56. In 1867 he came to this country and located in New York city, where he was engaged as a salesman in various businesses, especially for passamentary trimmings, in which he acquired a practical and diversified knowledge, laying the foundations for what eventually became his life work. In 1874 he removed to Rochester and purchased an interest in the newly established business of Frederick Haiges, as Ilaiges & Vogt. They manufactured large quantities of passamentary trimmings at No. 44 E.xchange street till 1876, when the partnership was dissolved, Mr. Haiges withdrawing and Mr. Vogt continuing the concern alone until February 1, 1880. The site Nos. 832 and 334 North St. Paul street was purchased and the present factory erected in 1879, and on February 1, 1880, the business was moved to its new quarters. In 1884 the Vogt Manufacturing Company was .incorporated with Mr. Vogt as president, and in 1887, a new branch, that of coach laces and trimmings, having been added, the Rochester Coach Lace Company was similarly organized. Both companies were continued in the same building and by the same parties until 1891, when they were consolidated and incorporated under the present name of the Vogt Manufacturing and Coach Lace Company, with a capital of ?135,000, and with Albrecht Vogt as president and general manager. Mr. Vogt has thus been a manufacturer of passamentary trimmings in Rochester for a period of twenty-one years, and with the manufacture of coach lace, etc., tor for some eight years, and has successfully built up one of the largest concerns of the kind in this country. This he has accomplished almost entirely through his indi- vidual efforts. His trade extends all over the United Stated and Canada, and the business furnishes employment to from 100 to 150 hands. In addition to attendmg to the details of this extensive establishment Mr. Vogt is prominently and actively identified with numerous other enterprises in Rochester. He was one of the origina- tors and is now a director of the German American Bank and Standard Sewer Pipe Company ; was one of the organizers and has continuously been a director of the Rochester Title Insurance Company; was one of the incorporators and is president of the Rock Asphalt Company; is a director of the Rochester German Insurance Company; and was one of the incorporators and for a time secretary and treasurer of the Genesee Brewing Company. He was one of the originators of the Edison Electric Illuminating Company and served as its vice-president until its consolidation with the Rochester Gas and Brush Electric Companies under the name of the Roch- ester Gas and Electric Company. He is a member of the Rochester Chamber of Commerce, Germania Lodge, No. 722, F. & A. M., the Rochester Club, and the Mannechor, of which he was for nine years the president. He has always taken a lively interest in the city's growth and prosperity and is a business man of recognized ability, of the strictest integrity, and of great popularity. Kind, benevolent, and charitable, he generously encourages every good movement and supports all worthy objects. In 1873 he was married in New York city to Miss Emilie Werner, who has borne him five children: Mrs Edward G. Pfahl, Albert E. (a student in the textile depart- ment of the School of Industrial Art of the Pennsylvania Museum at Philadelphia), Hertha, Elsa, and Walter Paul. 82 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY HIRAM H. EDGERTON. Hiram H. Edgkkton, one of the leading contractors and builders in Western New York, was born in Belfast, Allegany county, April 19, 1847, and is a son of Ralph H. Edgerton, who at that time was an extensive lumber manufacturer and dealer there. The father was the youngest of four brothers — U. C, DeWitt C, Collins'and Ralph H. — who came to Rochester from Vermont about 1830 and for several j'ears ran the old Childs saw mill on what is now Aqueduct street. At the head of this quartet was U. C. Edgerton, who directed their affairs through a number of the larger contracts in this jjart of the State, and who acquired a wide reputation from his numerous operations. Among the important works in which they were interested were the reconstruction of the locks at Lockport and the construction of the old Genesee Valley Canal. About 1840 Ralph H. Edgerton severed his connection with this concern and moved to Belfast, N. V., where he carried on a large lumberbusiness until 1858 when he returned to Rochester where Hiram H., the subject of this sketch, was educated in the public schools and Free Academy. He engaged in business as a lumber dealer continuing it successfully until his death in December, 1S(J7, when he was succeeded by his son, who had connected himself with the establishment immediatelv after leaving school. H. H. Edgerton was liberally endowed with all the attributes which make the successful man. Inheriting the characteristics of a sturdy New England race he man- ifested a special capacity for business affairs in his father's office where heacquired a valuable training; after his father's death he continued the concern, comprising a large retail lumber yard on Crouch island, until 1881, when he sold out to Chase & Otis. During that period he acquired a wide and favorable reputation as well as meeting with marked success. He then engaged in contracting and building, a busi- ness with which he has ever since been activelj- identified, occupying a foremost po- sition among the leading reiDresentatives of the business in this section, and for several years past being one of the heaviest and most successful operators in West- ern New York. ' Hundreds of magnificent structures throughout Western, Central and Southern New York as well as elsewhere, testify to his enterprise and business ability; num- erous residences, churches, commercial blocks, public institutions, etc., are the result of his work as a contractor. Among the more important of his many contracts may be mentioned the Government and Wilder buildings in Rochester, part of the reform- atory at Elmira, the Western House of Refuge for Women at Albion, St. Michael's, Third Presbyterian and Christ churches in Rochester, and a number of imposing church edifices, etc., in this city and elsewhere. In politics Mr. Edgerton has always been an unswerving Republican. For four years he was a member af the Board of Education, during two of which he served as president. He is president of the East Side Trunk Sewer Commission, and in Sep- tember, 181)."), was nominated for mayor of the city on the Republican ticket. He has always taken an active interest in the councils of his party and is one of its trusted and influential leaders. He was one of the incorporators and is pre.sident of the tJalusha Stove Company of Rochester, is a director in the Central Bank, a member and trustee of the Chamber of Commerce, and a director and charter member of the BIOGRAPHICAL. 83 Builders' Exchange, of which he was for five years the president. He is also a trus- tee of the Third Presbyterian church ; and is prominently connected with various other social, commercial and political organizations. MAURICE LEYDEN. Thi: Leyden family in America is descended from Holland Dutch ancestry dating back to the times of William of Orange, who in 1690 invaded Ireland with a large army, including a number bearing the name. These Leydens settled in the Emer- ald Isle and among their descendants was Michael Lej'den, sr., who married Mary Walton of English birth and parentage. They emigi-ated to the United States in the early part of this century and located in Salhia (now a portion of the city of Syr- acuse), Onondaga county, N. Y., whence they afterward removed to Collamer in the town of De Witt and died there. Their son Michael, jr., was born in Ireland on May 5, 1809, and emigrated to America with his parents when a mere lad. He re- ceived an excellent education, finishing at Onondaga Valley Academy, and inherited all the sturdy characteristics of his race. Leaving school and the parental farm he became a clerk in Syracuse for the father of the late Dennis McCarthy, founder of the wholesale and retail dry goods firms of D. McCarthy & fcons and D. McCarthy & Co. Afterward he was engaged in the mercantile business for him.self in Salina until the cholera broke out, when he purchased and removed to a farm near Colla- mer, town of De Witt, Onondaga county, where he remained till about 1860, when he returned to Syracuse, where he still resides. Since the war he has been engaged in the insurance business. His wife Catharine, daughter of Isaac Carhart, was a lineal descendant of Thomas Carhart, who came to America on August 2o, 1683, holding the appointment of private secretary to Col Thomas Dongan, English gov- ernor of the colonies in this country at that time. Several of his descendants par- ticipated in the American Revolution and other wars and all became loyal citizens of the United States. Isaac Carhart, born in 1789, removed from Coeymans, N. Y., to Manlius, Onondaga county, in 1827, and died there, a farmer, on March 17, 1845. His wife was Hannah Rowe, whose parents were natives of Holland. Catherine Carhart (Mrs. Michael Leyden) was born in Coeymans June 22, ISIP,, and died at Syracuse in February, 1889. Maurice Leyden, the eldest of the ten living children of Michael and Catharine (Carhart) Leyden, was born at Collamer, Onondaga County. N.Y., October 18, 1836, and received his education at the district schools of his native town, at the High School in Syracuse, and at Cazenovia Seminary. His early life was spent on his father's farm, where he developed a strong constitution and rugged physique. Leaving this and the seminary he entered the dental office of Dr. Amos Westcott, of Syracuse, one of the leading dentists in the country and at one time president of the American Dental As.sociation. There he remained until the Rebellion broke out. On June 13, 1861, he ei.listed in B Company, 3d Regt. N. Y. Cav., and was promoted second lieutenant July 30, 1861; first lieutenant June 12, 1863; and captain October 10, 1864. July 25, 1865, he was transferred to the 4th Provisional Cavalry; October 13th of the same vear he was brevetted major of U. S. Volunteers by President John 84 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. son ; and on November 29, 1865, he was honorably mustered out of service at City Point, Va. Major Leyden participated in all the battles and marches of his regi- ment and was frequently assigned to important commands. He was in the engage- ments at Ball's Bluff and Winchester, marched with Burnside to New Berne, N. C, and was present at the battles of Trent Road, Little Washington, Tarboro, Golds- boro, Trenton, Bachelor's Creek, Warsaw, Street's Ferry and others in that vicinity. He then returned with his regiment to Virginiaand participated in all the battles of the "Army of the James," beginning with Stony Creek May 7, 1864, and including Blacks and Whites, South Ouay, before Petersburg, Roanoke Bridge, Ream's Station, Malvern Hill, Yellow Tavern (where he had command of the outposts when General Hill made an attempt to drive General Warren from his position on the Weldon Rail- road), and Prince George Court House, to Johnson's Farm, three miles from Rich- mond, October 7, 1864, when he was taken prisoner. For a little more than six months he was confined in Libby Prison and the prisons at Salisbury, N. C, and Danville, Va. , and after a brief parole returned to his regiment and remained in the service until his discharge. Returning from the army Major Leyden came to Rochester, where, in March, 1865, while a paroled prisoner, he had married Miss Margaret L. Garrigues, a grad- uate of the East Avenue Collegiate Institution in Rochester under the late Prof. Myron G. Peck, and a daughter of the late Cyrus Garrigues, a native of Morristown, N. J., and an early settler of this city. Her paternal ancestors on both sides were prominent in Revolutionary times and actively participated in the war for American Independence. Her mother was Eliza Woodruff", whose grandfather, Capt. Samuel Woodruff", was an officer during the War of 1812, while her great-grandfather. John Acken, served in Washington's army in the Revolution. In partnership with Dr. Frank French, as French & Leyden, Major Leyden first practiced dentistry for two years, and then with George P. Davis, under the firm name of Davis & Leyden, he engaged in business as manufacturer of and whole- sale dealer in dental and surgical instruments and materials, This continued for eighteen years. During that period, being a staunch Republican, he took an active interest in politics, served as county and city committeeman, delegate to State and county conventions, etc., and for one term represented the old Eighth ward in the Board of Supervisors. In the fall of 1885 he was elected county clerk and served from January 1, 1886, to December 31, 1888. While in that office he was largely in- strumental in organizing and incorporating in February, 1887, the Rochester Title Insurance Company with a capital of $150,000, of which he was chosen secretary, treasurer, and general manager on May 1, 1891, which position he has since held. This is the only organization of its kind in the State outside of New York city and Brooklyn. The idea originated among a number of the leading and wealthy citi- zens, whose object was to duplicate the records of the county and thus guard against the possible loss of the original copies, and at the same time to inaugurate a system of real estate title insurance which had been successfully carried on in larger cities. The company has developed into one of the largest in the country and has more than fulfilled the expectations of its originators. Major Leyden had scarcely relinquished the duties of county clerk when he was called into the field of finance, in which he has since labored with distinguished ability and success. On January 1, 1889, the Rochester Saving and Loan Associa- BIOGRAPHICAL. 85 tion was incorporated and he was elected its president, which position he still holds. Under his efficient management it has become one of the strongest associations of the kind in the country. It was the first in the city to do business outside this State and now operates also in Pennsylvania, Connecticut, Rhode Island, Virginia, Ohio, and Michigan. Outside of these business relations Major Leyden has been promi- nently connected with various other enterprises of a public and private nature. He has always manifested a deep interest in the prosperity of the city, giving every worthy object generous support, and aiding all movements which promote the gen- eral advancement. He is a prominent member of George H. Thomas Post, No. 4, G. A. R. and Valley Lodge. No. 109, F. & A. M., which he has served several years as treasurer. He has had two children: Maude, who died in infancy, and Blanche Eloise, a graduate of Livingston Park Seminary, class of 1895. M. D. L. HAYES. M. D. L. Hayes was born in Dublin, Cheshire county, N. H., in 18:54. He is of good old New England stock, in direct line from William Hay, M. D.\ who was born in Edinboro, Scotland, a descendant of William de Haya, the founder of a family honored in Scottish history. Dr. Hay came to this country in early life, settled in Reading, Mass., was an officer in the town for several years, a distinguished practi- tioner of medicine and one of the literati of his time. He died at Reading in ITSO at nearly IGO years of age. The subject of this sketch decided, with his sisters, in their early years, to write the famil)^ name " Hayes," although their parents always re- tained the ancestral form of " Hay." After receiving a common school and academic education, Mr. Hayes entered a musical college in Boston, but owing to the opposition of his family abandoned the idea of making music a profession. After five .successful years in the pnblishing house of Crosb3^ Nichols, Lee «& Co., in Boston, he was called to a wider field with the well known New York publishers, Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor & Co. He pur- chased an interest in the Spencerian System of penmanship, and was made associate author, and superintendent of that department. With the Spencer brothers he made a thorough revision of this celebrated series, and by eleven years of unremitting labor raised the then small sale of the work to an enormous figure. While traveling through the principal cities and towns of the United States, he was at each visit tt) Rochester more strongly impressed by its opportunities for business, its charming possibilities as a place of residence, its educational advantages and religious tone. These considerations finally made it his first choice for a permanent home, and he settled here in 1875, engaging in both life and fire insurance, managing the former branch of the business. Six years later he accepted the important work of establish- ing a general agency of the Northwestern Mutual Life Insurance Company in West- ern New York; his conscientious and able management has made it one of the largest and most successful general agencies of the company; he pos.sesses in a high degree the confidence and esteem of its officers and policy holders. He is an earnest, active Christian, whose time and money have always been freely given to religious work. He united in 1868 with the Clinton Avenue Congregational church of Brook- lyn, N. Y., and is now a member of the Third Presbyterian church of Rochester. 86 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. HIRAM SIBLl-.V. HiKA.M SiBLEV, capitalist, and one of Rochester's wealthiest townsmen, was born in North Adams. Mass., Feb. 6, 1807, and died July 12, 1888. His father. Benjamin Sibley, followed the honorable and useful occupation of a millwright. Hiram was educated at the schools of his native place and at the age of sixteen moved to Lima, N. Y., where he engaged in setting up and operating wool carding machinery. Earnest, ambitious and competent, his experience in three years enabled him in 182G to venture the bold enterprise of starting a foundry and machine shop of his own at Mendon in Monroe county. This was a successful enterprise and the little suburb which grew up around the shops took the name of Sibleyville. This industry occu- pied his attention for ten years. Having been, in 1843, elected sheriff of Monroe county, he was compelled for a time to live in Rochester and this city then became his permanent home. While sheriff of Monroe county, Mr. Sibley was approached by Judge Henry R. Sel- den with the proposition to organize a telegraph company under the House patents. The plan seemed feasible. Mr. Sibley bought the patents, and with other Rochester capitalists organized the New York & Mississippi Valley Printmg Telegraph Company on April 1, 1851. The first 100 miles of line were finished that year. Three years later, the company leased the lines of the Lake Erie Telegraph Company. At this time, Ezra Cornell was in possession of valuable grants under the ]Morse patent and controlled the Erie & Michigan Telegraph Company. Mr. Siblej' then opened negotiations with Mr. Cornell and in 1850 the companies controlled by them were united by acts of the Wis- consin and New York Legislatures, under the name of the Western Union Telegraph Company. Of the new corporations Mr. Sibley was a leading member of the Board of Directors for sixteen years, and President of the Western Union Telegraph Company for ten years. It was he who laid before the board the proposition to construct a line to the Pacific Ocean. His associates were unwilling to undertake the enterprise as a company. Cyrus W. Field, Wilson G. Hunt, Peter Cooper and others, engaged in large undertakings at the time, whom he strove to interest in the matter, also deemed the project premature. In August, 1857, Mr. Sibley laid his plans before the North American Telegraph Association with practically no result, With a persistence and confidence in the soundness of his judgment, which were characteristic of him, he then presented his project to Congress and was heartily supported by Howell Cobb, secretary of the treasury. June 16, 1860, an act was passed encouraging the project and granting an annual subsidy of §40,000 for ten years. Mr. Sibley's offer to con- struct the lines was officially accepted on September 22. A year later a contract was executed with Mr. Sibley by Salmon P. Chase, who liad succeeded Mr. Cobb in the Treasury. The Overland Telegraph Company was organized in San Francisco about the same time, and the two companies uniting their interests, the Pacific Telegraph Company came into existence in consequence. About five months later it was an- nounced that the line was open from ocean to ocean, and ten years in advance of the railroad. A profitable investment from the start, this line was on March 17, \K(>4, merged into the Western Union Telegraph system. Mr. Sibley next took up the project, conceived by P. McD. Collins, of uniting Amer- ica with Russia by a telegraph line through Alaska, and he actually built a line as far as Skeena River in that Territory, Meanwhile, the Atlantic cable was being laid, BIOGRAPHICAL. 87 and there was a race between the two companies to establish communications with Europe first. Mr. Sibley was greatly retarded in his labors by the opposition of the Russian-American Fur Company, to which great privileges had been granted by the Czar, and which demanded $750,000 for the privilege of allowing the company to build the line through Alaska. Mr. Sibley was obliged to visit Russia in person, to arrange matters, and was honored in a manner only accorded to those who enjoyed the special favor of royalty. He was recorded in the official blue book of the State Department of St. Petersburg as "the distinguished American," by which title he was generally known. Of this book he had a copy as a souvenir of his Russian ex- perience. His intercourse with the Russian authorities was also facilitated by a very complimentary letter from Secretary Seward to Prince Gortschakoff While there, the government of Russia offered to sell the fee simple of Alaska to Mr. Sibley and his colleagues for a sum equal to that demanded by the Fur Company. Mr. Sibley hurried back to America to secure a law from Congress protecting him in his rights. The whole proceeding was brought to an end, however, by the completion of the At- lantic cable. A few years later the United States paid §7,200,000 for the territory, which could have been bought at first for one tenth of that sum. In 1868 Mr. Sibley retired from telegraph enterprises, and devoted his attention largely to railroad and land investments. After the war, prompted more by the desire of restoring amicable relations than by the prospect of gain, he made large and varied investments in railroads m the South, and did much to promote renewed business activity. At Saginaw, Mich., he became a large lumber and salt manufac- turer. He became the owner of nearly three hundred and fifty farms in Ford and Livingston counties. 111., including one of 40,000 acres in Ford county. He pur- chased the Howland Island farm m New York State and possessed much other prop- erty of this description. He also established a large seed raising business in this city, with warehouses in Rochester and Chicago, and undertook to supply seeds of his own importation and raising and others' growth, under a personal knowledge of their vitality and comparative value. He instituted many experiments for the im- provement of plants, with reference to their seed-bearing qualities, and built up a business as unique in its character as it was unprecedented in amount. He was president of the Bank of Monroe and connected with many other Rochester institu- tions. To Cornell University he gave the Sibley College of Mechanic Arts, and to Rochester University the Sibley Hall for Library purposes. A man of the highest character and exceptional abilities, he was one of the most highly respected citizens of Rochester. He was survived by his son Hiram Wat.son Sibley, now president of the Bank of Monroe and by his daughter Emily, wife of James S. Watson. A quotation from Mr. Sibley's address to the students of Sibley College, during a visit to Ithaca, was illustrative of his practical thought and e.xpression, and a fitting close to this brief sketch of his practical life: " There are two most valuable possess- ions, which no search warrant can get at, which no execution can take away, and which no reverse of fortune can destroy; they are what a man puts into his head- knowledge; and into his hands — skill." C 88 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. WILLIAM S. KIMBALL. William S. Ki.mi;ai.l, for many years one of the leading business men of Rochester^ was born in Boscawen, X. H., where he passed his early life, and where he enjoyed such educational opportunities as the district schools of the time afforded. When fifteen years old he became an apprentice in the Lawrence locomotive works and thoroughly mastered the trade of machinist. He then attended school at Derry, N. H., and Andover, Mass., and finished at the Troy Polytechnic Institute, where he .studied mechanical drawing and engineering. Afterward he accepted a position in the railroad repair shops in Concord, N. H., where, in rebuilding locomotives, he acquired a thorough and practical knowledge of locomotive engineering and com- pleted his mechanical training. Soon afterward he resigned and moved to Rochester, and upon the breaking out of the Rebellion was appointed master mechanic in the navy, being attached to the South Atlantic squadron under Admiral Dupont at Port Royal, S. C, where he was detailed to repair the machinery of transports and gun- boats. He had charge of two old Nantucket whalers, the India and the Edward, which were fitted up by a force of 100 mechanics. Resigning his naval appointment in 18C3 Mr. Kimball returned to Rochester and engaged in the manufacture of tobacco, in which he was ever afterward interested. He founded the Kimball Tobacco Works, one of the largest concerns of the kind in this country, and established not only a national but a world-wide reputation. He became vice-president of the American Tobacco Comjiany, and enjoj-ed the distinc- tion of being foremost among the great leaders of the business in the United States. Outside of the.se interests he acquired an almost equal renown in bringing together a large and valuable collection of oi'chids, which has long been recognized as one of the choicest floral aggregations in the country. He also collected an extensive library and a distinctively fine art gallery, embracing numerous works from the most famous artists of the world. Mr. Kimball was for many years actively connected with various business and charitable institutions of the city, to all of which he brought large experience, ability, and talent. He was president of the Union Bank, the City Hospital, and the State Industrial vSchool, vice-president of the Security Trust Company, a director in the Rochester Railway and Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railroad Companies, a trustee of the Rochester Savings Bank, and president of the Post-Express Printing Com- pany, holding all these positions at the time of his death, which occurred suddenly at Virginia Beach, Va., March 26, 18S)o. On that day the Post-Express, in summing up his life, said editorially: " The death of William S. Kimball must be regarded not simply as a private loss, but as a public calamit)'. Probably no other man was ever so closely identified with the various social, business, charitable, and educational interests of a community as Mr. Kimball has been identified with those of Rochester. He was a man of great w-ealth, but, what was much rarer, a man who believed in putting his wealth into full activity and throwing his per.sonal energy into every movement for the public good. He was the first to be asked where a contribution was needed, where help in the shape of an investment was sought, where individual prestige was required. He was in the full vigor of manly strength, in the full flush of rational enjoyment of life — eager as a boy in the pursuit of new interests, and satisfied as a boy in the practice BIOGRAPHICAL. 89 of old pastimes. His alertness and gayety were unfailing; and his frankness, cour- tesy, and good nature were such that his mere presence was enough to win popu- larity. As a business man he was fertile in resource and untiring in effort; but not less characteristic was his enthusiasm in the matter of recreation. He made the wisest choice in his methods of relaxation. He loved the sea and spent much of his spare time beside it; he loved the woods and was an indefatigable sportsman. As a natural consequence he loved nature and was deeply learned in much of the lore of forest and stream. Even when most earnestly at work in the establishment of his great manufacturing business he devoted himself to the culture of orchids, and be- came an authority on them as well as on other fiowers. In the season of greater leisure he had gathered a magnificent gallery of choice paintings. It is sad to think of a man with so many capacities for what is fair in the world, so many opportuni- ties to be useful, so prompt a disposition to active effort for what is good, cut off, so suddenly, from light and life and the affection of friends and family." FREDERICK COOK. Hon. Frederick Cook, ex-secretary of state of New York and one of the most prominent citizens of Rochester, was born at Wildbad, a noted watering place in the famous Black Forest district, Germany, December 2, 1833. His father, a contractor, and a man of rare personal characteristics, placed him in one of the best schools in the neighborhood with the view of giving him a thorough collegiate course. While there, in 1846, with the brightest prospects before him, his worthy parent died, leav- ing a family of eight children, whose home in consequence was broken up and them- selves scattered abroad. Thus at the tender age of twelve the lad was thrown almost entirely upon his ow'n resources, but with a brave heart and an indomitable will he promptly faced the storm of life and soon turned towards America as the future field for his activity and work. Bidding adieu to Fatherland in the year 1848 he sailed for the United States and for a short time resided with a married sister in Buffalo. Inheriting the industrious qualities of the German people he resolved upon learning a trade, and first tried shoemaking, but soon entered the employ of a butcher in Ba- tavia, N. Y., where he won friends and reputation by faithfully performing every duty assigned him to the best of his ability. His traits of character were at this period carefully noticed by D. W. Tomlinson, president of the Bank of Batavia, and also heavily interested in railroads, who, because of Mr. Cook's kno\yledge of the German language, procured for him a position on the Buffalo and Rochester rail- road, whence he was soon promoted conductor of an emigrant train on the Niagara F'alls division of the Central-Hudson route. In this capacity he aided many an im- migrant from Germany in locating a new home, and the company, appreciating his services, soon made him a passenger conductor, a position he held until January 1, 1872. When tendering his resignation, December 15. 1871, after a railroad service covering nearly twenty years, he was presented by his fellow employees and patrons of the road with an elaborate set of solid silver plate. He had made the intimate acquaintance of George M. Pullman, and when the latter organized the Pullman h 90 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Palace Car Compauy Mr. Cook invested the most of his accumulated earnings in that enterprise, a step which resulted in the foundation of his great wealth. The struggles of his early life were signally crowned with success in the land of his adoption, and in its political interests he was shortly called to take a prominent part. On April 20, 1870, he was appointed by Mayor John Lutes an excise commis- sioner of Rochester, but resigned in 1872, on account of ill health, and sailed for Eu- rope, where he made with his family an e.xtended tour of the continent. Returning to Rochester in the autumn of 1873 he entered actively into politics and upon a career of conspicuous attainments. He had espoused the Democratic principles of the Jef- fersonian school, and being nominated for maj'or in a stronghold of Republicanism came within a few hundred votes of an election. On April 19, 1872, Governor Hoff- man appointed him judge advocate with the rank of colonel of the 7th division N. G. S. N. Y., and on July 29, 1875, Governor Tildeu made him assistant adjutant-general and chief of staff of the same division, which he resigned November 24, 1877, on account of business. He also interested himself in various manufacturing and finan- cial concerns in Rochester, among them being the Bartholomaj' Brewing Company, which was organized in 1874 with a capital of §250,000. Mr. Cook was chosen vice- president and served in that capacity until 1889, when he was elected president. January 12, 181(3, he was elected president of the Rochester German Insurance Com- pany to succeed the late Col. Louis Ernst, and .still holds that position. The same year he went as a delegate to the Democratic National convention at St. Louis which nominated Samuel J. Tilden for president, and in 1880 he officiated in a similar capacity at Cincinnati, Ohio, where he served as vice-president, representing the State of New York. January 13, 1877, he was elected president of the Rochester Driving Park Association, whose financial interests he advanced from the lowest to the highe.st degree. On May 16 1878, he was appointed one of the commissioners of Mt. Hope Cemetery and has continuously served in that office to the j^resent time, being chairman of the board for twelve years. In the spring of 1880 Mr. Cook was one of fourteen citizens appointed as a commis- sion on behalf of the city to guard the public interests during the work of elevating the New York Central railroad tracks inside the corporate limits, and in the fall of the same year he became a trustee of the Rochester Savings Bank, which position he still holds. In February, 1882, he was appointed by Gov. Alonzo B. Cornell a mana- ger of the Western House of Refuge, to which position Governor Cleveland reap- pointed him in 1883. On September 29, 1885. he was elected secretary and treasurer of that institution. March 25, 1882, he was elected president of the Bank of Roches- ter, the predecessor of the German American Bank, which office he has ever since held. During all this time as well as afterward politics engrossed a large share of his attention. He was regarded by his party as oneof its best and strongest represen- tatives, and frequently called to take a leading part in directing public afl'airs. In 1S85 he was nominated by the Democrats for secretary of state, and after a stirring campaign was elected by a majority of 14,608 over Col. Anson S. Wood. So accept- ably were his services during his first term that he was unanimously renominated at Saratoga in 1887 and elected over Col. Frederick Grant by 17,677 plurality, the high- est given to any candidate on the Democratic ticket. In February, 1887, he was elected president of the Rochester Title Insurance Company, a position he still holds | in the same vear he was chosen a life member of the New State Agricultural Society BIOGRAPHICAL. 91 and on December 19 a correspondinji- member of the Oneida County Historical Society. In the spring of 1889 Mr. Cook suffered a severe attack of pneumonia con- tracted while attending the centennial celebration of the first president of the United States in New York city. He recovered, however, and spent some months at his old home, Wildbad, and also at Marienbad, returning to America in September. On January 1, 1890, after declining a renomination as secretary of state, Mr. Cook retired permanently to private life, and has since devoted his attention wholly to the care of his large and varied business interests. December 31, 1889, just before re- tiring, Governor Hill, on behalf of himself and his official associates, presented him with a costly watch with chime attachments, while the clerical force of the office gave him a much-prized collection of photographs representing the employees during his two terms, or four years, of service. But the crowning mark of universal esteem and popularity in Mr. Cook's brilliant political career was manifest at the Democratic State convention in 1894, when he was urgently solicited by a large majority of the party leaders to accept the nomination for governor of New York. With an untar- nished record of public service, and enjoying the full confidence not only of members of his own party, but of many influential Republicans as well, thoroughout the State, the probability of his election was exceptionally favorable, bnt to the regret of his numerous friends he steadfastly declined that exalted honor. It is impracticable to enumerate all the positions that Mr. Cook has filled. His has been a very active life, one of unceasing responsibility, and the sterling attributes with which he is liberally endowed make his name a power in business, political, charitable, and social circles. He has served as president of the Genesee Falls Rail- way Company and is extensively interested in numerous enterprises besides those already mentioned. On June 1, 1891, he was appointed by Governor Hill as one of the managers of the Rochester State Hospital for a term of nine years, and upon the organization of the board was elected president and re-elected every year since. He has been a Mason since February 17, 1862, when he became a member of Valley Lodge, No. 109, F. & A. M. He was a charter member of Ionic Chapter, No. 201, and on June 11, 1867, joined Cyrene Commandery K. T. February 12, 1878, he was made a charter member and installed the first T.P.G.M. of Germania Lodge of Per- fection. He is also a member of Rochester Council Princes of Jerusalem, and was created sublime prince of the Royal Secret 32d degree in Rochester Sovereign Con. sistory, A. A S.R. He is a member of the Rochester Mannerchor, which was organ- ized in 1854, and served as its president in 1874 and 1875; became a member of the Liederkranz on February 24, 1882; and was made an honorary member of Selye Citizens Corps 8th Separate Company N. G. S. N. Y. on January 8, 1887, and of the Albany Excelsior Corps on January 26, 1888. He is also a member of the Rochester Historical Society, and in February, 1893, he presented Peissner Pott, No. 106. G. A. R.. with a handsomely bound " Memorial Record Book," one of the finest works of the kind in existence. In 1853 Mr. Cook was married to Miss Catherine Yaky, of Rome, N. Y., who died in 1864. In 1865 he married Miss Barbara Ague, his present wife, by whom he has one daughter. Mr. Cook's career, as distinguished as it has been successful, affords an illustration how, under our form of government, even the humblest citizen may attain the highest 92 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. positions of honor and trust. His I'fe is an example of a self-made man, his work the result of his individual efforts, and his achievements the crowning glorj' of youth- ful struggles. DON ALOXZO WATSON. Do.N Alonzo Watson was born in Palmer, Mass., Jane 17, 1807, and died suddenly at his home in Rochester, N. Y., January 1, 1892. Within that period of less than eighty-five years was compassed a life of unostentatious success, a career of quiet but marked usefulness, and a full measure of rare business achievements. As a boy Mr. Watson received the educational advantages that his town and time afforded, and supplemented them with practical experience and application. While yet a youth he went to Boston and mastered the machinist's trade, which he followed for a time in Skaneateles and Newark, N.Y. In 1882 he came to Monroe county, stop- ping first in Rochester, but going soon afterward to Honeoye Falls, where he met the Hon. Hiram Sibley, whose warm friendship he retained until the latter's death. The two formed a partnership and purchased the Tinker manchine shop there, the village at that time being known as Sibleyville. They contmued a large and suc- ces.sful business for eight years, or until Mr. Sibley's election as county sheriff in 1840, when the firm was dissolved and the shop sold. Mr. Watson very soon fol- lowed Mr. Sibley to Rochester and engaged in discounting commercial paper for several years, in which he became more extensively interested than all the local banks combined. Immediately after his marriage in 1855 to Miss Caroline M. Manning, of Gilberts- ville, N. Y., he went to Europe, and during his absence Mr. Sibley inaugurated the movement which led to the formation of the Western Union Telegraph Company. Upon his return Mr. Watson was induced by his life-long friend to become a heavy stockholder in that great corporation. At the same time he invested large sums in railroad stock of the Vanderbilt system, and probably became the heaviest holder of Central-Hudson securities outside of New York city. He was a firm believer in the future of the country, and although it was then (1857) in the throes of a disastrous panic, he bought thousands of railroad shares at a small figure. His motto was to buy with good judgment, and never sell, and these investments were the foundation of his great wealth. A man of quick perception he made few if any business errors; he was a personal friend of Commodore Vanderbilt and co-operated with the latter's sons and grandsons. He was a trustee of the Reynolds Library, but excepting this never held office, invariably refusing positions of trust, althougli frequently urged to accept them. In religion he was an Episcopalian. He was a man of retiring disposition, and always shrank from public life, yet he manifested a keen interest in the city's prosperity and general welfare. Charitable, benevolent, and unostentatious, he liberally supported all worthy objects and regu- larly contributed to the maintenance of various local in.stitutions; his endowment of the Chair of Political Economy in the University of Rochester is but a single in- stance of this. He bore the confidence and esteem of all who knew him. His widow and three children — James S. Watson, Mrs. G. A. Hollister, and Miss Elizabeth C. Watson, all of Rochester — survive him. BIOGRAPHICAL. 93 vSIMON L. BREWSTER. Simon L. Brewster, son of Elisha Belcher and Eunice (Hull) Brewster, was born in Griswold, Conn., July 27, 1811, and is a descendant of Elder William Brewster, who came over with the Pilgrim Fathers in the Mayfloiuer in 1620. He received his education in the common schools of his native county. At the age of twenty-one he engaged in manufacturing in Jewett City, Conn., and continued about ten years, when he moved to Rochester. He was engaged in merchandising until 18o9, when he retired from business. For a number of years he had been connected with what is now the Traders National Bank as its vice-president and a member of its board of directors. In 1863 he was elected its president and took charge of the bank, in which he has ever since continued. Under his able administration the business of the bank has grown from a discount line of less than $300,000 to $3,000,000; the surplus fund from a few thousand to over §700,000 ; and the bank has become the leadmg fiduciary institution in the city. During the past twenty-five years his son, Henry C. Brewster, now representative in Congress from this district, has been associated with him in the management of the bank as its cashier and later as vice-president. Besides this son he has one daughter, who is unmarried. Mr. Brewster has never held public office except many years ago, when he served one term as a member of the board of supervisors of Monroe count v. He is a director in the Flour City Hotel Company and a trustee of the First Unitarian church. ELON HUNTINGTON. Elon Huntington was born in Shaftsbury, Bennington county, Vt., September 3, 1808, and descends from one of the oldest and most respected families in England and America. His paternal ancestor, Simon Huntington, left England for this country in 1633, but died during the voyage, his body being consigned to an ocean grave; his widow and three sons, Christopher, Simon, and Samuel, settled in Connecticut, and are believed to have been the progenitors of all the Huntingtons on this continent, one of the grandsons being the Samuel Huntington who signed the Declaration of Independence, was President of the First Congress and Governor of Connecticut, Amos Huntington, .sr. , grandfather of Elon, was captain of a company of militia which was raised in Shaftsbury, \'t., to oppose Burgoyne's invasion during the Rev- olutionary war. Taken prisoner by the British at the battle of Hubbardston, July 7, 1777, he was confined in a prison ship in New Jersey for some time. He had moved with his family from Norwich, Conn., to Shaftsbury, Vt., in 1776, and finally died and was buried there in 1822. Amos Huntington, jr., his eldest child, was born Au- gust 21, 1768, and married March 9, 1794, Pamelia Hard; he was for many years a magistrate of Shaftsbury and a member of the Baptist church, and died there Sep- tember 24, 1848. Of his nine children, all born in that town, the subject of this sketch was next to the youngest. Elon Huntington was educated in the district schools and reared upon his father's farm. At the age of sixteen he began teaching school and continued for several terms. When twenty-one he started on a business trip to Boston, New York, Phila- 04 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. delphia, P>altim()rc', Washinjrlon, and interveninji points, and at (leorgetown he met the widow Iterbide and her son, the latter afterwards emperor of Mexico. Return- ing home he followed agricultural pursuits for a time. Later he went to New York and thence to New Orleans, and with his younger brother, Calvin, carried on the mercantile business between those two cities for two years. He then spent several months in traveling over Louisiana, copying and perfecting maps for his own use, paddling along the bayous for more than 1,000 miles, and locating land for prospect- ive purchasers. In this he acquired valuable information and experienced no litttle adventure. But here came the turning point in his career. Having friends in Roch- ester who had become involved in real estate speculations he was induced to come to this city and look after their interests, and on March 4, 1887, he took up his per- manent residence here. After .satisfactorily adjusting their claims he formed a part- nership with John M. French, as John M. French 8c Co., and engaged m the foundry busmess, manufacturing stoves, etc. This firm also had a large blast furnace in Ontario, Wayne county, and successfully conducted both concerns for several years, Mr. Huntington being the financial manager. Meanwhile he had also engaged in banking as cashier of the Farmers' and Mechanics' Bank, of which A. G. Smith was president. He subsequently purchased Mr. Smith's interest, reorganized the insti- tution, and finally sold it to Drew, Robinson & Co., of New York, but remained as cashier for about two years. They were succeeded by Gen. Jacob Gould, and Mr. Huntington, after a successful banking career, withdrew to commercial enterprises. He then assumed the management of the Duryea & Forsyth Manufacturing Com- pany, manufacturers of scales, iron safes, etc., which through business connections had passed into his hands. He converted it into a stock corporation, and success- tvilly carried on the business for several years. In 1845 he purchased a lot of ten acres on North St. Paul street, where now stands one of the oldest mansions in Rochester. He had previously bought 164 acres of lots T ;ind Y, all of which now lie within the city limits. He was instrumental in establishing a large nursery, of which he finally assumed the active management. After the war closed his son-in-law, Capt. Horace B. Hooker, became his associate and afterward the proprietor of the nursery business. Since then Mr. Huntington has lived in retirement, devoting his time to the care of his large property interests. For about twenty five years he has spent the winters at Mandarin, on the St. John's River in Florida, where he has an orange grove. Mr. Huntington was one of the founders of the Uuiversiiy of Rochester and is the only living member of its first board of trustees. He was not only a founder of that institution, but one of the prime movers in originating the plan and pushing it to a successful issue, and devoted both time and money to the cause. He has been a trustee since the organization and nearly all the time a member of the executive committee, and has never been absent from a meeting of the board or from com- mencement exercises. This is a noteworthy record, inasmuch as it embraces a period of forty-five consecutive years, or since 1850. He is a member of the Roch- ester Academy of Science, the American Association for the advancement of Sci- ence, and the Rochester Historical Society. He has devoted considerable time to the study of technical problems, in which he finds an agreeable recreation. En- dowed with scientific attainments of a high order lie has evolved original theories which place his among the talented minds of tlie country. He is the auth(jr of a BIOGRAPHICAL. 95 'nrochure entitled " The Earth's Rotation and its Interior Heat." wiiich has been well received. October 17, 1835. Mr. Huntington was married to Miss Annjenette Cole, daughter of Peleg and Olive (Mix) Cole, who was born in Shaftsbury, Vt., April 9, 1814, and died at Mandarin, Florida, March 14, 1883. She was the youngest of ten children. A devout Christian, she was for many years a prominent member of the Second Baptist church of Rochester. In her home, her gracious presence and genial man- ner gave a rare charm to her hospitality that is an abiding memory to all who knew her. The children were: Alcesta F., born October 27, 1837; Al- bert, born October 25, 1839, first lieutenant in the 8th N. Y. Cav. during the Civil war, and now a resident of Jacksonville, Fla. ; Susan Pamelia, born August 18, 1841, married in December, 1861, Horace B. Hooker, who served three years as captain m Colonel Bis.sell's engineer corps in the Union army during the Rebellion, and now resides in Rochester; Frank, born July 14, 1848, one of the as.sociate editors of Apple- ton's Encyclopedia, of New York; Kate, born April 19, 1850, wife of Dr. James M. Taylor, president of Vassar College; Carrie, born August 18, 1852, wife of John C Jessup, of New York city; and Willie, born June 18, 1854, died July 29, 1856. CHARLES DONALD McLEAN. Charles Dunai.d McLean, A.B., LL.B., president of the State Normal School at Brockport since 1869, was born of Scotch parentage in County Antrim, Ireland, No- vember' 7, 1834. The family descends from a rugged race of Scotla~nders, members of the clan McLean, royalists, who took an active part on the side of the Stuarts in the wars of the Pretender, and becatise of those struggles fled to the Emerald Lsle about 1775. Thence they emigrated to Preston, Canada, about 1830. Charles Mc- Lean, father of our subject, was posses,sed of a liberal education. He married Jane, daughter of Thomas McHendry, and died in 1835. Soon afterward his family re- moved to Watertown, N. Y., and in 1837 to Clarkson, Monroe county, where Charles D. attended the public schools and the academy. In 1850 Professor McLean was graduated from the old Brockport Collegiate Institute. He subsequently took the degree of A. B. from the University of Rochester, studied law in the office of Judge Henry R. Selden, and received the degree of LL.B. from the Albany Law School, being admitted to the bar immediately afterward. The practice of law, however, had little attraction for one who had developed de- cided inclinations for teaching, and leaving the legal profession he .soon entered upon his lifework, in which success has constantly attended his efforts. Acting upon the invitation of Dr. McVicar, then president of the Brockport State Normal School, he accepted in March, 1865, a position as teacher in that institution, and two years later was made its vice-president. In these capacities he gave evidence of a peculiar ap- titude for educational work and made friends of all with whom he came in contact. In 1869 he succeeded Dr. McVicar as president, a position he has filled ever since with great credit and distinction. Professer McLean is oae of the noted and most successful educators in the United States. He enjoys a wide reputation and is recognized as one of the al)lcst of teach- 96 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ers. Under his a'lmirable management the school has constantly increased in attend- ance and importance, being now nearly fourfold larger than when he became its ex- ecutive head, and ranking high among the prominent seats of learning in the country. Its growth and usefulness are largely due to his individual labors, while his standard of excellence is wholly the result of his ability and able .supervision. For more than thirty years he has devoted his time and talents to its interests, and during twenty- six years of that period has officiated as its chief. In 1858 Professor McLean married Miss Wealthy Paine, who died in 1876. In 1882 he was married to Martha Bro.ss, by whf)m he has two sons, Donald Charles and Waldo Bross. FRANK M. JONES. Frank M. Jonrs, sou of Chester and Hannah (Millard) Jones, was born at Union Hill in the town of Webster, Monroe county, November 18, 1847. Chester Jones, a native of Madi.son county, N. Y., came to Union Hill with his father, Joseph, about 1817, being then twelve years of age, and died there August 8, 1867, aged sixty-two. Joseph was a tanner and shoemaker and followed those trades in connection with farming, dying at the age of fifty-three. He had ten children. Chester Jones was practically a life-long farmer, but for five years prior to his death he also conducted a grocery store. For half a century — the period covering his active life and resi- dence in the town — he bore the respect and esteem of every one who knew him. He married Hannah, daughter of Samuel Millard, a captain on the Niagara frontier in the war of 1812, and they were the parents of twelve children, of whom ten are liv- ing, three of them in Webster. Mrs. Jones was a native of Rhode Island, and died in February, 1885, at the age of seventy-four. Frank M. Jones was educated in the district school at Union Hill, but supple- mented the knowledge acquired there by constant reading, close observation, and practical experience. Inheriting the characteristics of a New England ancestry he is pre-eminently a self-made man. He remained on the farm until the age of twenty, when, his father dying, he succeeded to the store, which he conducted about three years. In December 22, 1869, he married M. Louise, daughter of William T. Cran- mer, of Ontario, Wayne county, and later removed to that town, where he carried on a general .store for four years. Selling his business there he returned to Union Hill and built the main store now owned and occupied by W. H. Stokes, and continued a successful country trade until the fall of 1886, when official life and other interests impelled him to sell out, which he did to the present proprietor. While a merchant there he secured and named the post-office, was appointed the first postmaster, and held the position about ten years, being succeeded on June 25, 1889, by Mr. Stokes, his former clerk. Soon after disposing of the store Mr. Jones started a hardware establishment there, which he continued until the fall of 1890, when he sold to E. W. Bancroft and removed to Webster village, where he shortly afterward jiurchased his present extensive general store. His business life has been one of almost uninter- rupted success, and is characterized throughout by honesty of purpose and fairness of dealing. BIOGRAPHICAL. 97 Mr. Jones has been a life-long Republican, and from the age of majority has taken an active interest in the progress of his party, which has frequently placed him in nomination for positions of trust. In Ontario he served one year as town clerk and assessor (to fill vacancy), and was re-elected assessor for a term of three years. While a resident of Union Hill he was the Republican nominee for supervisor, but owing to a factional fight was defeated by seven votes. In 1885 he was renominated by the Republicans and elected by a large majority, and for four successive years was re-elected without opposition, being endorsed by the Democrats and polling the votes of both parties. In the Board of Supervisors he served on various important committees and was tendered the chairmanship, but declined, preferring the more active work of the floor. During the last four years of his service on the board he was inspector of the Monroe County Penitentiary. In the fall of 1890, while yet supervisor of the town, Mr. Jones was elected to the Assembly, taking his seat Janu- ary 1, 1891, and was re-elected to the same office in 1891 and 1892, each time by handsome majorities. In the Legislature he served on a number of important com- mittees, such as on water, gas, and electricit)-, on railroads, on Indian affairs, etc. He introduced the bill authorizing the incorporation of the Wolfe Island Bridge Com- pany for the purpose of constructing a bridge over the headwaters of the St. Law- rence River for the use of the Canadian Pacific and New York Central railroads. He was also the author of several other measures for public benefit, all of which became laws. In all these capacities Mr. Jones faithfully and conscientiously labored for the wel- fare of his constituents, and made a record of which any man may be proud. Asaxiti- zen and business man, ever progressive, public spirited, and enterprising, taking an active interest in town and county affairs, and promoting the cause of good govern- ment and universal advancement, he has alwaj's enjoyed the respect and esteem of the entire community. JOHN C. SCRIBNER. The pioneer days of the Genesee country are marked by deeds of heroism and periods of suffering, and no men are more worthy of imperishable memorials than are those who braved the privations of frontier life for the purpose of carving homes out of an unbroken wilderness. To their indomitable perseverance and hard labors are due the numerous conveniences enjoyed by the present generation. Among the notable pioneers in this section of the State was Nathan Scribner. sr. , who removed with his family from Connecticut and settled on what is now the George Clark farm in the town of Penfield, Monroe county, in 1805. He was of English descent and a veteran of the Revolutionary war, and came hither by means of a sled, being guided by means of blazed trees. Like other immigrants of the time, his worldly possessions were limited, but in personal characteristics he was liberally endowed with all the sterling attributes of enterprising New Englanders. In this respect his wife was equally qualified to plant the standard of civilization in a new country. Both lived and died in the town. Among their children was Nathan Scribner, jr., whose birth occurred on May 5, 1793, and who participated in the war of 1812, being present at the battle of Lundy's Lane, the sortie on Fort Erie, and other engage, M 98 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. merits on the Niagara frontier. Educated in his native State — Connecticut — which he left at the age of twelve, his knowledge of books and common English was neces- sarily limited, but being a great reader he was tliroughout life well posted on general topics and by constant practice became a good penman. He was always a Whig in politics, and died on the farm now owned and occupied by his son John C. on No- vember 1, 18");! He married, first, on August 28, 1825, Sally Morey, who was born March 20, 180;5, and whose death occurred June 7, 1887. Their children were Oliver C, of Fairport, N.Y., born December 1, 1827, and Moses, of Detroit, Mich , born October 10, 1831. On August 8, 1837, Mr. Scribner married for his second wife Mrs. Elizabeth Spoor, who was born September 9, 1806, and died July 28, 1873. Their children were Sarah Jane (]\Irs. John R. Mulliner), of East Penfield, born October 22, 1838; Nathan H., of Penfield, born December 13, 1839; and John C, the subject of this .sketch. John C. Scribner, the youngest child of Nathan, jr.. was born on his present farm in Penfield on August 24, 1841, and received his education in the district .schools of his native town. He has always followed the vocation of a farmer, and has spent his life upon the parental homestead of fifty-five acres, to which he succeeded on the death of his mother in 1873, and to which he subsequently added seventy-five acres more. This farm has become one of the finest and most productive farms in the county. It comprises valuable orchards and is adorned with a set of handsome and commodious buildings — the result of Mr. Scribner's industry and enterprise. He is emphatically a representative agriculturist and prominent among the leading pro- moters of local public improvements. In town affairs he is ever foremost, and in politics his influence is exerted in the cause of good government and the advance- ment of the Democratic party, with which he is affiliated. True to his convictions, an unswerving advocate of right and justice, and a firm believer in the underlying principles of manhood, his life from fir.st to last has been exemplary to a fault and replete with the deeds of a respected citizen. He has exerted a noteworthy in- fluence in the progress of local education, serving as trustee, etc., of the district in which he resides. In sustaining religious work he has been especially active, and with his family is a member of the Penfield M. E. church, of which he has served as a trustee for several years. He is al-so a member of Union Lodge No. 154, F. Sc A. M., of Penfield, and both he and his estimable wife were charter members and among the organizers of Penfield Grange No. 750, which was instituted in 1891. February 2, 1876, Mr. Scribner was married to Miss Christina Elizabeth, daughter of Fredrich Schiedhelm. She was born at Bechtheim on the Rhine, Germany, Sep- tember 13, 1854, and came to America in 1872. They have had three children, viz. : John Clyde, born May 27, 1877; Cornelia Elizabeth, born June 8, 1878; and David Wilson, born November 30, 1881. FREDERICK LEE HEUGHES. Frkderick Lkk Heughes, one of the best known and largest iron manufacturers in the State, was born in Rochester on March 24, 1850, and is a son of William Heughes, who settled here in 1843 and became one of the first book publishers in the Genesee Valley, Attending the public .schools of his native city, and graduating BIOGRAPHICAL. 99 from the old High School in 1866, he served an apprenticeship in his father's printing office, where he acquired the rudiments of a mechanical training, and to which he brought a naturally inventive and progressive mind. There he origmated and pat- ented a press for printing in colors, a working model of which is now in the Patent Office at Washington. This was one of the earlier inventions of the kind in Amer- ica, and had Mr. Heughes followed it up he would undoubtedly stand to-day among the foremost in the pnnting business. But circumstances turned his talents into other entesprises. After recovering from a severe illness he entered, in 1871, the employ of W. H. Cheney, at 190 to 200 South St. Paul street, as bookkeeper, and later became general manager. This was the pioneer architectural iron works in Western New York, having been established by Mr. Cheney in 1888. While there Mr. Heughes saw, with true mechanical insight, the various uses to which rolled beams, as girders, joists, etc., could be put. In 1877 he became an iron contractor, with an office at No. 10 South Water street, and has ever since been heavily identified with that business with almost unparalleled success. In 1879 Mr. Cheney was succeeded by the firm of Little & Rowe, whose affairs three years later were not especially bright. It was then that Mr. Heughes, although extensively engaged in iron contracting, was importuned to take a controlling interest in the concern, which he did, becoming the active and moneyed partner under the style of Little, Heughes & Rowe, and succeeding in placing the business upon a sound finan- cial basis. Mr. Rowe withdrew in 1885, and a few years later Mr. Little's interest was purchased by Joseph Peiffer, the superintendent of the company and a practical man, and these changes brought into existence the present firm of F. L. Heughes & Company, one of the largest concerns of the kind in the State outside of New York city. They carry on an extensive business as iron founders and manufacturers of iron fronts, columns, lintels, and architectural iron work. It is as an individual contractor, however, that Mr. Heughes is most widely and favorably known, As such he is one of the largest and most prominent in the State, enjoying a reputation for ability and integrity which extends even through the coun- try. He is an extensive iron contractor and dealer in iron structural work, making fire-proof construction a specialty. This business exceeds in volume and importance his other enterprises, and has been individually conducted by him since starting in 1877. For a number of. years he has handled exclusively the output of the Carnegie Steel Company in this part of the State, his dealings with that great corporation be- ing on an extensive scale. During that period he has erected the iron work of a large number of imposing and magnificent buildings, including the following: The Powers Fireproof Hotel, Wilder building, Sibley, Lindsay & Curr buildings, Keeler & Kimball new building, new court house, German Insurance building. Powers block addition, Monroe County jail, P. Cox building, North Water street viaduct, Brush Electric Light Company's plant, Bartholomay Brewing Company's ice houses in Rochester; Reformatory extension at Elmira; Hygienic Institute at Dansville, N. Y. ; the court house and library at Syracuse: and hundreds of other fireproof structures. Mr. Heughes has achieved remarkable success. His integrity and great executive abilty, his probity of character and pre-eminence as an iron contractor, his business capacity and universal prominence, are unquestioned. Commencing active life with no capital but perseverance, energy, and shrewd foresight, he has attained, through ]00 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. his own efforts, a hijjh position among the leading manufacturers of the country. Prompt, upright, and candid in business transactions, he has never given or re- ceived a promissory note, his word being always considered as good as his bond. Few men have ever enjoyed the wide and enviable reputation which he has acquired and fewer still rank higher in their chosen calling. He is largely interested in Roch- ester real estate, and has built up, literally speaking, more of the city than any other man. In politics he has always been a Republican, and is an advocate of sound money on a gold basis. His home life is especially happy, and his leisure is spent amidst the social environments of his family. In 188IS he was married to Miss Effie M. Kinne, of Lockport, N. Y., and they have had three sons, Herbert F. , Walter Lee, and Benjamin A. CHAUNCEY B. WOODWORTH. Among the pioneers of Monroe county was the family of Spencer Woodworth, who came from South Coventry, Tolland county. Conn., to the town of Gates, in the sum- mer of 1819. They located one and a half miles west of the city of Rochester, on what is known as the " Chili road." Their journey from Connecticut to Rochester was made in one of the large covered wagons used in the early days, there being no other means of travel in this section. On the 9th day of June, 1819, they arrived at the tavern of Oliver Culver, in Brighton, where they halted for the night. The following day was entirely spent in reaching their new home. So little had been done towards openmg a road, they travelled by the way of the " Rapids" following as best they could a line of marked trees. In the family of this pioneer was an in- fant son, who was born on the 25th day of February, 1819, and consequently, at the time of migration to the Genesee county was about four months old. This was Chauncey B. Woodworth, one of the leading citizens of Rochester, and one of its most prominent business men, and the subject of this sketch. He remained under the parental roof, devoting a share of each year to the acquirement of such education as was then available, until he was twenty-one, when he engaged in the grocery business on the corner of East Main and North St. Paul streets, Rochester, thus for the first time identifying himself with the business interests of the city, that has since felt in so many ways the influence of his energies and ability. About 1841 Mr. Woodworth disposed of his grocery business, purchased a farm at Irondequoit, where he established a large saw mill. This he operated for several years. In 1853, in company with Jones and Osborn, he built the Crystal Palace block on Main street. About this time he moved to his present residence at 41 South Washington street. Down to this time success had crowned his efforts. He now engaged in the business that has ever since occupied a large share of his attention, and has made his name a household word throughout the length and breadth of the land. Woodworth's ex- tracts and perfumes are known wherever such goods are in demand, and that is al- most everywhere. To supply his great and growing industry with bottles he, in 1860, associated himself with Dr. Frederick H. James in the manufacture of glass. Three years later (in 1869) Mr. Woodworth succeeded in the manufacture of extracts and perfumes by his sons, Frank E. and Harry vS., who in the .spring of 1894 organ- BIOGRAPHICAL. 101 ized and incorporated the C. B. Woodworth Sons Company, which still continues tlie business with the same high standard of influence and popularity. Not alone has Mr. Woodworth been content with his great and growing busmess. To him Rochester is in a great measure indebted for her great and successful street railroad system. In the year 1868 when the Rochester City & Brighton Railroad Company's property and franchise was sold under a mortgage foreclosure, Mr. Woodworth purchased it out and out. He then joined with others, reorganized the company, extended the tracks and other facilities until there were few cities in the country more thoroughly and satisfactorily supplied with street car accommodations than Rochester. In 1889 Mr. Woodworth sold these interests to a syndicate which in turn has put in the electric system. Being one of the heaviest tax payers in the city he is largely interested in Rochester real estate and intimately connected with the city's growth and prosperity. He has just completed the Woodworth building, corner of State and Piatt streets, which is one of the finest and largest commercial structures in Rochester. It is of steel, faced with brick, and absolutely fireproof. He also owns a number of buildings of equal prominence. Mr. Woodworth is a strong man in party politics, but has never sought public office. In 1852 he was elected sheriff of Monroe county, and served faithfully and well. He was formerly a trustee of the Mechanics' Saving Bank, and for many years has been a trustee of the Rochester Theological Seminary. From 1864 to 1894 he was a director of the Flour City National Bank and for ten years its first vice-presi- dent. He is a director and second vice-president of the Rochester Trust and Safe Deposit Company, its largest individual stockholder, and was foremost among its originators. He has been a member of the Second Baptist Church for more than forty years, and a trustee most of the time. Mr. Woodworth is a direct descendant of Walter Woodworth who came to America in 1648 from Kent county, England- Several of his early ancestors were prominent in the Revolutionary war, notably his maternal grandfather, John Clark, who served for seven years in that struggle. On the 5th of January, 1841, Mr. Woodworth was married to Miss Martha J. Smith, daughter of Clark Smith, of Boston, Mass. They have had five children: Chauncey C, Frank E., Harry S., Helen A. (Mrs. Elmer C. Smith), and Lillie (deceased). D. B. DE LAND. Danif.i, Brown De Land, the pioneer manufacturer of soda and saleratusin West- ern New York and founder of the Fairport Chemical Works, was the third son of Levi and Hannah (Brown) De Land, and was born in the town of Candor, Tioga county, N. Y. , May 14, 1823 His father, a native of Hebron, N.Y. , was a volunteer at the age of nineteen in the war of 1812, and soon afterward married his wife at Oswego, N. Y. When nineteen the subject of this memoir shipped as a sailor before the mast of a whaler for three years. Returnmg home, he was married on Decem- ber 25, 1848, to Miss Minerva A. Parce, daughter of Justus Parce, of Norwich, N. Y., and for nearly two years thereafter followed farming in Wisconsin. He then en- tered the employ of his father-in-law at Norwich in manufacturing saleratus. The methods in vogue at that time were crude and cumbersome and the business was 102 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. necessarily prosecuted in a small way. But Mr. De Land studied it clo.sely, familiar- izing himself with all its details, and accumulating knowledge which subsequently proved of inestimable value. In the fall of 1851 he settled permanently in Fairport, Monroe county, where he purchased a small building on the bank of the Erie Canal and in a modest way commenced the manufacture of soda and saleratus. The busi- ness grew rapidly and raised the village from a hamlet of a few houses and commer- cial interests to its present important standing. His enterprise proved successful from the start. But he was not content with producing a qualitj' of goods equal to the best then in the market ; he aimed at .superiority. Making two trips to Europe he gleaned information from the leading establishments of the old world and equipped himself with the best literature on the subject. This persistent study and applica- tion enabled him to manufacture an article that was soon in demand beyond success- ful competition. vSeveral years later he admitted his brother, H. A. De Land, and brother-in-law, J. Y. Parce, under the firm name of D. B. De Land & Co. In 1868 Mr. Parce with- drew, leaving the concern in the hands of the brothers, who steadily increased its capacity until D. B. De Land's death on December 20, 1872. The firm then became H. A. & L. J. De Land & Co. L. J. De Land, eldest son of Daniel B.. at that time became a partner and the superintendent of manufacture. In 1874 the tonnage out- put of the establishment was larger than that of any similar firm in the world, and the De Land products became a household word throughout the L'^nited States. The business was successfully continued until February 5, 1893, when the entire plant was consumed by fire. It was soon rebuilt on a larger and better scale and is now one of the leading enterprises of the kind in the countiy. The proprietors are Mrs. D. B. De Land and her sons, L. J., and \V. M. De Land, who are able and influential bu.siness men. Judge De Land, as he was familiarly known, was a man of indomitable energy and perseverance, of rare ability and foresight, of strict integrity, and of unfailing resource. His eminent success as a manufacturer placed him among the foremost business men of the time. He achieved distinction as enduring as it was brilliant. He was a life-long Democrat, a trusted and influential local leader, and frequently carried the standard of his party to the verge of victory notwithstanding the fact that it was vastly in the minority. During the war he was twice a candidate for member of assembly and once came within three votes of an election. He often went as a delegate to political conventions, and in 1858 was chosen a justice of ses- sions, whence his title. He was a staunch friend of education and for some time served as a trustee of the Rochester Theological Seminary, to which he was a liberal contributor. He also contributed to Richmond College in Virginia, and for the bene. fit of its students built and donated a handsome cottage. Against strong opposition he was one of the few who successfully founded and established the present excellent .«chool system of Fairport and was a member of the first Board of Education, a posi- tion he held almost continuously until his death. He was charitable, kind, and be- nevolent, a strong Baptist, and prominent among the laymen of that denomination in Western New York. For many years he was a deacon of the Baptist church of Fairport and always a liberal contributor to its objects. Mr. De Land was married aspreviouslystated, to MissMinerva A. Parce, who survives BIOGRAPHICAL. 103 him and resides in Fairport. They had five children: Levi J., senior member of the firm of De Land & Co., of Fairport; Leora A. (Mrs. Walter A. Hubbell), of Roches- ter; Minnie P., deceased; Stella >G., wife of Rev. James T. Dickinson, pastor of the First Baptist church of East Orange, N. J. ; and Wayland M., junior member of the firm of De Land & Co. PART III FAMILY SKETCHES. FAMILY SKETCHES. Gordon, George C, president of the First National Bank of Brockport, was born in Rushford, Allegany count}', July 1, 1S49, and his father, Luther Gordon, was a native of the same place. The grandfather, John, came from Cavendish, Vt. . about 1809. In 1809 John G. visited the site of Rochester, but not liking it, settled in Ru.sh- ford. Luther Gordon, the second son, formed a partnership with Samuel White in the furnace business, during which he invented the Genesee Plow. Disposing of the furnace business, he afterwards erected a large store at Rushford and engaged in general merchandise and the buying and shipping of stock. In IH'tCt he bought the lumber business of Boswell, Walker &: Hood at Brockport, and in 185S erected the family residence, to which he removed his family a year later. For some time he gave his attention to the lumber business, buying large tracts of western lands, mostly in Michigan. In 1863 he organized the first National Bank of Brockport, aad was elected president, which office he held to the time of his death, March 26, 1881. He married Florilla Cooley of Attica, Wyoming county, who died in 1869, leaving one son, George C. The latter was educated at Brockport College, and fini.shedwith a business course in Rochester. In 1874 he married Ida M., daughter of Thomas C. Hooker, and they have these children : Luther, George C, jr., William H., Frederick H., Thomas C, of whom William H. died in infancy. In 1881 our subject was elected president of the bank, which office he now tills, having bugun his banking experience with Waters, Bishop & Co. In June, 1863, he was assaulted by thieves, thrown into the vault, and when aid reached him life was nearly extinct. Mr. Gordon is the leading business man of his town, and interested in all that tends to its advancement. Raymond, Alonzo B., was born in Chenango county, July 18, 1819. His father, Alphius, was born in Massachusetts, and married a Miss Daniels. They first settled in McDonough, Chenango county, but in 1830 came to Monroe county and settled in the town of Byron, and later in Parma. Alonzo B. was educated in the common schools and is pre-eminently a self-made man. At the age of nineteen he began teaching school, and continued for four years; was engaged in the mercantile busi- ness at North Parma, Spencerport, and Adams Basin for about twelve years, after which he confined himself to dealing in produce. In the spring of 1860 he was ap- pointed pastor of the Universalist Church at Portage, Wyoming county, remaining in the ministry four years, after which he again engaged in the produce business and has so continued. In 1843 he married Elizabeth A., daughter of Samuel Wyman, and their children are A. Clayton, attorney at Detroit, Mich., counsel for the Grand Trunk and Canadian Pacific Railroad; and George H., of Buffalo. Our subject is one of the representative men of the town. t LANDMARKS OP MONEOE COUNTY. Holmes, Daniel, was born in West Bloomfield, September 11, 1828, ason of DanieU sr., a native of Massachusetts, who, with his father, Alpheus, came to Ontario about isi 1, among the pioneer settlers of that town. Daniel, sr., served in the warof 1812, and was at the burning of Buffalo by the British, lie married Susan Stuart. Dan- iel, ir., was educated at Brockport Collegiate Institute in 1846, and was graduated from Yale College in 1848, after which he taught school in Woodford count3% K}'. , for two and a half years, spent a year in Canandaigua as professor of Latin, and then began the study of law. He was admitted to the bar in 1852, and married Mary J. Hawes of Brooklield, Mass., the well-known writer of fiction. Our subject has served in various positions of public trust and responsibility, and is regarded as one of the cultured and intelligent men of the town. Richards, Dorwain, was born in Fulton county, N. V., March 11, 1844, a son of Rev. William I. Richards, a native of Vermont, who came to Monroe county in 1860, and settled in the town of Clarkson, where he bought a farm, and remained to re- cover his health. In 186:3 he resumed his labors in the ministry, which were con- tinued up to the dale of his death in 1875. Dorwain Richards was educated in the public schools, to which he has added by reading and close observation. In August, 1S62, he enlisted in Co. A, 140th N. Y. Vols., and participated in the battles of Fred- ericksburg, Chanccllorsville, Gettysburg, Mine Run, and the Wilderness, receiving an honorable discharge in 18()5 at the close of the war, returning to the farm, where he remained till 1875. He then came to Brockport, and entered the employ of D. S. AV)i'g'i". remaining till 1888, then established his jiresent business, carrying a full line of fire, life, and acc'dcnt insurance, and deals also in real estate. In 1868 he married jane IC. Moore, and their children are Mrs. Maliel E. Mitchell, and Jessie G. Richards. Telfair, Dr. William, was born in North Carolina in 1857. He graduated from the University of Baltimore, Md., in 1882, and studied in the medical department of ihal institution, graduating the same year. He practiced in New York city eight )ears. After a scientific investigation of the treatment of inebriates for the past .si.\ years, lie opened, on March 1, 1893, a sanitarium at Fort Erie, Canada, which he conducts with success. In Uie course of a year he came to Rochester, and made arrangements to open the Telfair Sanitarium on West Avenue, which up to date has been a great success, especially in the treatment of inebriates, who are also addicted to the use of opium, etc. Almost every day some lil)erated ca])tive goes forth from this institu- tion a free and happy man. ( )wens, John, was born in Roscommon, Ireland, March 1^3, 18:}4, and came to Amer- ica in 1851. He settled in Brockport, where he followed farming a few years, and in 1S.56 started in the grocery' business in a small way, and now has the leading store in that line in the town, doing both a wholesale and retail business. Our subject is one of the representative men of Brockport, who by his own efforts has been able to achieve a fine success. Cole, Mary I., of Pittsford. — Her paternal grandfather, Abram Cole, was born in in 17iK{ at Pittstown, Rensselaer county, to which place his jiarents had removed from Rhode Island. When he was eighteen years old they removed to Mendon, then part of Bloomtield, and the center of an almost unbroken wilderness. With our FAMILY SKETCHES. 5 present facilities for easy and rapid transportation, it is difliciilt to realize the real hardships attendant upon such an exodus, but the men of thcjse times were sturdy and the women were brave, and soon found contentment within the rude log cabins which sheltered themselves and their household goods. Abram Cole was endowed with the most estimable qualities of head and heart, and impiessed something of his virtues and principles upon those who came within the sphere of his inHueuce. In 1818 he married Polly Benjamin of Phelps, and they had seven children. The elder son, Elijah M., married Catholine ShuUers, the mother of our subject, and also of Charles H. Cole, of Pittsford. Killmer, Harry A , general secretary of the Y. M. C. A., of Fairport, was born De- cember 14, 1869, at Hudson. Owing to delicate health in childhood he was unable to attend school, but under the home tuition of a good mother he acquired a rudi- mentary education, supplementing it later by persevering personal research. Prior to 1893 he had been associated in a clerical capacity with a building and loan com- pany, and al.so in life insurance, but in 188!) assumed an active position in liie affairs temporal of the M. E. Church, and having long been impressed by the work and methods of the Y. M- C. A., accepted in 1893 a call to Fairport as secretary, in which capacity his labors have been surrounded by success, and the association placed on a sound linancial footing and suitably equipped for its great work. Pierce, Martin, is a son of Martin R., who was a native of Jefferson county, and came to Honeoye Falls in 1828, having resided previously in Yates county, where he married his first wife, Nancy Bartlett. They had two sons, Francis and Byron. Mrs. Pierce died soon after coming to Mendon, and he married second, Emily M. Graham, also of Yates county, by whom he had eight children. Of these Martin and Seymour are in the lumber business, and have a factory at Honeoye Falls; Mrs. M. L. Briggs, and Mrs. J. M. Pride, also of Honeoye Falls; Mrs. D. D. Adams of Livonia; and Mrs. Dr. Smith of Rochester. The elder Pierce was quite a strong temperance man, an active member of the Methodist Church, and a prominent busi- ness man. Martin, jr., was born in Honeoye in 1837, reared on the farm, and edu- cated in the public schools. In the spring of 1861 he went to Missouri, and while there enlisted in the war. Later he re-enlisted in the 136th N. Y. Vols., serving till the fall of 1863, when he was severely wounded at the battle of Bristow Station. Re- ceiving his discharge he returned home and married Mary Ritchie of Buflalo, and they have one son, Charles R., who is cashier in the local bank. ^ Hawley, Wm. S., w'as born in Greene count}', and came to this town in 1829, where his father, James Hawley, engaged in farming. He lived with his father until the year 1847. Mr. Hawley then engaged in the business of nurseryman and farming until the j'ear 1858. He then went to the State of Illinois and engaged in the nursery business for two years. In 1860 he came back to the town of Webster and conducted the business of farming and fruit-growing until the year 1870. . Mr. Hawley then en- gaged in the mercantile business with W. H. Stratton, known as the firm of Hawley & Stratton, for a term of ten years. In the year 1880 Mr. Hawley built the store on the southeast corner in the centre of the village, and was in business with his son until the year 188S. The store is now conducted by his son, George N. Hawley. Mr. Ilawlej' was for many years trustee of the Webster Union Schcjol, being one of 6 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. the building committee that erected the present Union School biiildint^. Mr. Haw- ley has one son, Jay R. Hawley of Jordan, N. Y. Hanford, Frederick S., was brtru in the town of Greece, Uanford's Tyanding, now in the city of Rochester, in 184;^, a son of Frederick, whose father was Jesse C, one of seven brothers who came from Connecticut in 18UU by teams to the (lenesee coun- try, and bought a great tract of land of the Indians. Frederick and Abram, two of the brothers, built the Steamboat Hotel; Frederick was also connected with various enterprises and became in company with his brother Charles quite wealthy. Haynes built a store near the Steamboat Hotel, while Jesse C. and Gorham were farmers. Frederick, son of Jesse, married Elvira Sexton and reared two children, Frederick S. and Mrs. M. H. Goodsell, a practicing physician and lecturer in the medical college at Minneapolis. Frederick S. was educated in Rochester, and came to Honeoye Falls in 1861. He clerked in a store until 180"), when he married Eliza J., daughter of William Campbell, and went into the dry goods business, on his own account, in which he has been successful. He has one son, Fred C, who was educated at Fort Plain and Cornell University, and studied law. He married Kate, daughter of S. B. Dewey of Rochester, where lie is now i)racticing law, and is assistant district attorney of the county. Adams, J. W., was born at Adams Basin in October, 18:5:5. His father, William, was a native of Connecticut, who came to West Bloomficld witli his parents when an infant; this was in the year 17i)(». William married Lurany, daughter of Ashbel Beach, and of their nine children four survive. Julian, only brother of J. W., was the first soldier in Sweden to respond to the call of Abraham Lincoln for 75,000 men in 18()1, and died in the army after the second battle of Bull Run. Mr. Adams was in the custom house in New York for several years. From 1878 to the present time he has been interested in business and mining enterprises in Colorado. In 18.52 he mar- ried Loania, daughter of Alexander S. Brown, and they have two children, James S. and P'rederick W. The mother of Mrs. Adams was Alice, oldest daughter of Hiel Brockway, the founder of Brockport. lulgett, Harriet Roscoe, of I^'airport, was a daughter of the late Caleb Roscoe, of .Suig Sing, N. Y. In 1825 Mr. Roscoe bought the Westchester Herald, and devoted his life and best energies to its editorship and management, being then twenty-five years of age, and the son of Luke Roscoe, who came from England in 1790. Caleb Roscoe made himself a power in Westchester county affairs, and his talent and force were allied always with its best interests. He was one of the original Board of Di- rectors of the Westchester Mutual Insurance Company, incorporated in 1837 ; was prominent as a school trustee, and in Sunday school and temperance work, and for thirty-four years was treasurer of the Westchester County Bible Society. In 185() his newsj^ajwr buildings were destroyed by fire, and thenceforward his life was one of comparative retirement. Harriet, his elder daughter, married, in 1848, A. S. Edgett, who was the pioneer ot the great fruit-preserving industry of Central New York, erecting in 18.5:3 the first plant west of New York city devoted to that work. July 17, 1885, he died in Fairport, aged fifty-seven years. His living children are Mary H. Edgett of Fairport, and Mrs. F. (). Edgett of Minneapolis. Mrs. Roscoe Edgett is widely known as the author of many beautiful poems, chiefly of a pastoral and devo- FAMILY SKETCHES. 7 tional character, and she inherits much of her father's Hterary talent. For many years she has acted as local correspondent for the Rochester Democrat and Chronicle. The whole family were God-fearing people, consistent, earnest and practical in the execution of their religious duties. Ewer, Spencer, was born at Irondcquoit June 8, 18;;i4, a son of Natlianiel, a native of Sandwich, Mass. He came to this county about 1825 where he was for many years a leading farmer. He married Rhoda Mosher. He was recognized as a'man of conservative character and strict Quaker principles. He was the lirst man to open Irondequoit Bay as a summer resort. His death occurred in 18G1, at the age of sixty-eight. Spencer Ewer was educated in the common schools, and in 1865 mar- ried Martha Rush. In 1866 he came to Brockport and established his present busi- ness, which he has continued in the same location up to the present time. He is rec- ognized as one of the leading business men of the town. Cornish, Clement, was born in Marion, Wayne county, N. Y., January 28, 1838. His father was William, who in early life was a printer by trade and for many years a compositor in the office of Harper Brothers at New York. By his first wife he had three children, Albert, Maria, and Clement, the elder son being deceased. Edwin S. and Charlotte A. were the children of a second wife. Clement Cornish has made his own way in life, acquiring a good business education by personal research. He is a very popular and genial gentlemen, but steadfastly refuses political i^referencc. Prior to making his home in Fairport in 1860 he had been engaged at farming in Cold water, Mich., for four years. December 17, 1867, he married Harriet A., daugh- ter of Francis Dunbar of F' airport. Both are members of the First Congregational church, and much esteemed. Reichel, Rev. George Valentine, was born in the city of Brooklyn on June 6, 186B. He is a son of Richard L. Reichel, a native of Cassel, Germany, who came to America in 1850 and settled in this country, where he soon became engaged with the Bureau of Emigration in New York city. George V. was educated in Boston and New York, and in 1883 entered the Auburn Theological Seminary, from which he was graduated with honor in 1886. In the same year he located at Dryden, N. Y. , as pastor of the First Presbyterian church. In 1890 he received a call from the First church of Brock- port, where he now is, and where his efforts have met with much success. His church has a membership of over three hundred, great activity prevailing in all its departments of work. He is an entirely self-made man. Some years ago he re- ceived several honorary degrees in recognition of special attainments. He is also a well-known writer on religious subjects and a contributor to our current literature. In 1885 he married Miss May L. Arnett of Auburn, N. Y., daughter of Silas H. Arnett. Their children are May, Haines, Paul and Christabcl. Mrs. Reichel is a graduate of the Auburn Young Ladies' Institute, and is an efficient co-laborer with her husband in church work. Watson, W. S., postmaster of Fairpf)rt, was appointed to that office December 12. 1894, proving a most efficient and popular man for the place. Mr. Watson's first public service was as deputy county treasurer (1876-79), under James Harris, and in 1883 was made deputy county clerk associated in that office with Henry D. McNaugh- ton. He was born in Penfield, a son of the late John M. Watson, an early settler 8 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNT'f. from the State of Maine, and his principal business has been farming. In 1864 he married Mary Riley of Greece. Their .son, John M. Watson, is a farmer of Perinton. An only daughter, (Jertrude, died in 1S!)0, aged twenty-six. She was the wife of Dr. A. J. Burns of Fairport. Scribner, O. C. , long a jjersonal landmark of this locality, was l)orn m IVnIield, December 1, 1827, the oldest of two sons of Nathan and Sarah Scribner. The younger son, Moses, is a resident of Windsor, Ontario, and by occupation a broker. Oliver C. Scribner is a veteran of the Mexican war, enlisting in Co. D, 10th Infantry, in 1847, and serving with credit two years under Winfreld Scott. Prior to 1874 he was engaged in various enterprises, and largely as foreman in the construction of railroad and canal work. In 1862 he married Julia Midvaney of New York, whose children are Milton W., Frank V., Sarah J. and Julia Isabcll. Milton, the elder son, is i-ngaged in the jewelry business at Fairport. Mr. Scribner has served as trustee and marshal of the Fire Department since 1885. In 1874 he establi.shed the ])usiness bearing his name at Fairport, dealing in family groceries, (lour, feed and gi'ain. Miner, John E., was born in Clarkson April 5), 183(). His father, Hiram, was a native of Littleton, N. H., and came to Monroe county in 1824, bringing his young wife (Mehitable Martin, also of Littleton, N. II.), and a few necessaries for house- keeping, and settled in the western part of the town of Sweden. In 18:31 he removed to Clarkson and settled on the farm now owned by his youngest son, John E., a part of which was owned by Hiram T., another son, who died in 1881. Besides these two sons there were four daughters born to Mr. M., of whom only one is now living — Mrs. Abigail Miller of Brockport. In 1875 the wife and mother died, a few months after they had celebrated their fiftieth marriage anniversary, a happy event, in which their children and grandchildren joyfully anticipated. In 1878 he married Mrs. Mari- etta Butler of Brockport, who died in August, 18!)2, about three months previous to his own death. Mr. Miner was a man thoroughly interested in agriculture; in poli- tics a staunch Republican. He was a man honored and loved by all who knew him. An earnest Christian worker, one ever ready with heart and hand to aid in the causes of religion and education. For sixty-five years he served as trustee of the M. E. church of Brockport, and was chairman of the board for forty-five years. He died in 1892 in his ninety-second year. John E. Miner was educated in the public schools. In 1859 he married Louise A., daughter of Smith Glidden of Clarendon, Orleans county. They have one daughter, Charlotte H. Our subject has followed in the footsteps of his father, and has filled various positions of trust and responsibility in the town. Benedict, Allen, late of Fairport, and a valued member of .society and church, was born in Tioga county, January 30, 1834. His father, Nathan, came to Penfield in 1844, engaging in farming, as did Allen until 1876, when he removed to Fairport. During the late war Mr. Benedict .served eighteen months in the 8th N. Y. Cavalry, after which his health was greatly impaired, and his death occurred Sei)tember 10, 1893. He married Lovinia J. Gowdy of Watertown, N. Y., in 1884, who survives him. A constant attendant of the Congregational church, he was one of the trustees for several years. Reserved without l)eing morose, strict without a censorious spirit, his (juict thoughtful ways won the esteem of all who were intimate with him. FAMILY SKETCHES. 9 Kingsbury, John H., was burn in Bn.ckport, August 10, 1844, a son of Samuel, a native of Tolland county, Ccnin., who married Phoebe, daughter of Silas Snaulding. The Spauldings trace their lineage back to England and the year 1300. Samuel Kingsbury came to Monroe county about 1835, settled in Brockport, became one of the leading business men of the town and engaged in the produce business. He died in 1855. John H. was educated in Brockport, and later took a business course at Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, and returning to Brockport was ap- pointed clerk in the canal collector's office, where he remained three years. In 18G5 he entered the First National Bank as teller, and remained seven years. In 1872 he established the private bank of Allen & Kingsbury, and on Mr. Allen's withdrawal in 1875, the business was continued by Mr. Kingsbury, who has since conducted it. In 1874 he married Emily, daughter of Ezra H. Graves, and they have had three chil- dren, John C, Emily M. and Ida G. Mr. Kingsbury has served five terms as village president, seven years as treasurer, and for ten years has served as a member of the Local Board of the State Normal School, being its treasurer for five years. He has also filled the position of junior warden of St. Luke's Episcopal church for ten years. Berry, Thomas C, was born in the town of Riga, September 6, 1832, a son of John, born in Manchester, England, who settled in Riga in 1830 with his parents, Thomas and Elizabetli Berry. They bought a farm on Black Creek, where the father died shortly after, leaving his wife to take care of a large family. John and Mary Berry, his wife, resided at Hardack Corners for several years, later, in 1832, coming to Brockport, where he followed trucking for a time, and also engaged in the coal busi- ness. His death occurred in 1891, in his eighty-fifth year. He was a prominent factor in town aiTairs, and was poormaster for nine years. Thomas Berry was edu- cated at Brockjjort Collegiate Institute, and learned the moulder's trade, being fore- man of D. S. Morgan & Co.'s works for years; also a stone mason. He has also been engaged in the whip, glove and mitten business. In 1856 he married Mary E. Lewis of Syracuse, who died in 1888, leaving three children: Thomas L. , Ed. J., and Katy A. He is now living with his second wife, who was M. J. Kelley of Brockport, N. Y. Gee, Horace B., was born in the town af Virgil, Cortland county, May 11, 1859. His parents moved to Arcadia, Wayne county, N. Y. , in 1861, and he was educated in the public schools and the Normal School at Mansfield, Pa. He studied medicine at Newark, N. Y., with Dr. Nutten a1)out three years, and was also in the medical department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, and in the medical depart- ment of the Buffalo LTniversity, graduating therefrom in 1885. He practiced in West Bloomfield, Ontario county, two years, and is now located in Rochester, in which city he has practiced for the past seven years. He is now editor of the New York State Medical Reporter, and a member of the Monroe County Medical Society. Sep- tember 23, 18S4, he married Ellen W. Da Foe, of this city, and they have had two children, Ethel (t. and Mildred W. CJoff, Henry H., who since 1879 has been well known throughout this State as sec- retary of the New York State Grange, was born in Henrietta September 20, 1821, a son of Roswell Goff, who married Betsey Thompson. The grandfather. Elder CJofT. was an earnest worker in the Baptist ministry, and came to Western New York be- fore 1800. He settled in Rush in an early day, and the place was named GofFs Set- to 10 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. tlenient jifter him. Here he died after forty-two years in the ministry. Roswell Goff was a farmer in Rush for many years, and died in Michigan. At the age of nme years Henry (ioff began work for himself. His motlier had died during his young ehildhcjod, and he was forced to make his own way in life. At the age of six- teen he began teacliing, which he continued winters for ten years. He was then chosen town superintendent, and finally county superintendent for the western dis- trict, in both of which capacities he served with satisfaction. We next find him as a teacher in the House of Refuge, but failing health compelled his retirement. He came to Spencerport in 1850, and taught school one year, but soon became interested in the construction of the railroad through the town, and he was appointed first sta- tion agent, in 185*2. He removed to Holley in 1H.'j4, and was agent there several years. In Ix^lh i)laces he was interested in the jiroduce business, his local partner at Spencerport being Charles Brigham. Their association continued about twelve years, when in 1.S74 Mr. Goff succeeded the firm. In this year he joined the then infant (rrange, and soon became a leading member. In 1879 he was elected secre- tary of the .State organization, which he has iilled lo the present time, much of its success being due to his efforts. Mr. Guff purchased the old Colonel Hrown farm in Ogden, in iyC2, where he has smce resided. In 1850 Henry II. Goff married Sarah E. , daughter of Harvey J. Wright, and their children are Frank M., a practicing lawyer of Rochester, and Burton M., connected with his father's produce business in Spencerjiort. Drake, John N., was born in Clarkson, N. Y., February 2, 1854. His father, Elijah, was a native of Cayuga county, and came to Monroe county in 1832. He married Martha E., daughter of Rev. Morris Bull, D. D., and died January 26, 1889, in his sixty-ninth year. The family trace their descent to Sir Francis Drake. Samuel Drake, his great-grandfather, was a colonel in the Revolutionary war. John N. was educated at the Brockport and Geneseo Normal .Schools, graduating in 1872. He began the study of law in Rochester, and was admitted to the bar in 1870. Remov- ing to Brockport in 1881 he established a general practice. In 1878 he married Loui.se E., daughter of Rev. Alfred A. Graley, and their children are Merle G., Henry J., Margaret L., and Catherine M. Our subject has served as justice of the peace ten years and clerk and attorney of the village of Brockport since 1883. He has comjHled and jiublished a volume entitled "The Village Charter," which is a complete compilation of the laws governing all villages in the State. Foskett, William A., was born at Walworth, Wayne county, May 29, 1834, of an old Massachusetts family. His father, Asaph G. , was instantly killed, December 23, 1834, by the bursting of a threshing cylinder at his farm. Mr. Foskett in 1887 en- gaged in the grocery trade at Fairport, retiring from that business in 1891. He is a man of wide information, original character, and independent views. He has for many year&been a notarj^ public here and in Wayne county, and a trustee of the vil- lage of Fairport. His earl)' educational advantages were limited, but he has by per- sonal research become thoroughly conversant with legal and business forms, and his services have been in frequent demand in formulating testamentary documents and in the settlement of estates. He married, February 4, 18G3, Lucy V. Wymau, daughter of Abel and Artemissa Wyman of Walworth, Wayne cOuuty, N. Y. FAMILY SKETCHES. 11 Nichols, Isaac, one of the pioneers of Oj^dcn, came from Becket, Mass., in l.sul, cleared a place in the forest, built a log cabin, and returned for his family, which comprised two sons and three daughters. He died at the age of sixty-four. Of his sons, Charles K. was for many years an enterprismg farmer of Ogden. He married Wealthy Wheeler, by whom he had six children: Isaac, Lester S., Hiram I)., Kim- ball C, Wealthy A., and Warner. Mr. Nichols died January 27. \H*M, and his wife in 1890. Lester S. Nichols, one of Ogden's enterprising business men, was born February 8, 1829, and his life has been one of constant activity. At the age of twenty-six he bought a farm of fifty acres in Ogden, where he lived seven years, then purchased the flour mill at Spencerport, which he rebuilt and conducted from 1861 to 1867 with success. Later he was a merchant at Spencerport. He has also folhjwed farming, and is the owner of one of the finest farms of the town. In IS,").') he married Parley K., daughter of Josiah Rich of this town, and their children are Fleming W. , a merchant at Spencerport; Nancy M., Ernest L., in business in Paris, France; Alice P., wife of Dr. F. A. Winnie of Brockport; and Sidney S. Lester S. Nichols has been a prominent factor in county politics, having served as assessor nine years, supervisor two terms, postmaster under Cleveland's first administration, trustee of the village several years, besides holding other positions of tru.st and I'esponsibility. Josiah Rich came from Washington county in an early day, and in 1818 kept a hotel at Spencerport village, where he died in 1844. His first wife was Hannah Skinner, by whom he had six children ; his second wife was Polly M. Brookins, and they had eight children. Cook, Willis C. M. D., was born in Bergen, Genesee county, June 25, 18;J2. Was educated in the common schools and in 1883 entered the medical department of the Niagara University of Buffalo ; in 1884 he entered the Northwestern University of Ohio, medical department, and in 1885, graduating from the Toledo Medical College in the same year. . He located m Brockport where he engaged in the practice of his profession, and is now enjoying a very large practice. In 1855 he married Adeline Hawks, who died in 1857; second he married Mary, daughter of Philip Williams of Paw Paw, Mich., and their children are Francis W., Karl R., Jay W., Curtis L. and Lenoir. Dr. Cook served during the late war as follows : First enlisted in Novem- ber 16, 1861, as a sergeant in Co. K, 13th Mich. Vol. Inf., and was discharged at De- troit for disability November 3, 1862; enlisted again as veterinary surgeon 9th Mich. Cav., and served till the close of the war, being discharged at Lexington, N. C, July 21, 1865. His father, Curtis Cook, was a native of Pompey Hill, Onondaga county, and settled in Bergen in an early day, later moved to Clarendon, Orleans county, where he died December 1. 1883, aged eighty-one years; he married Betsey Snow Brown, daughter of Elijah Brown of Vermont, who was one of the first three white men to settle in Byron; took a farm where he died in 1852, at the age of eighty-six years. Lemuel Cook, grandfather of Willis Cook, was a native of Norwich. Conn., and served in the Revolutionary war under General Washington, who personally signed his discharge papers. After the war he settled at Pompey Hill, and later moved to Bergen, from there he went to Clarendon, where he died at the advanced age of one hundred and seven years, the only Revolutionary soldier known to be alive at that date, March 6, 1863.' Betsey Snow, wife- of Curtis Cook, still lives on the old homestead in Clarendon at the age of ninety-one years. 12 LANDMARKS OP MONROE COUNTY. McGill, J. W., M. 1)., one <>f the foremost medical practitioners of Fairport, was horu in Durham county, Canada, March l»l, ]S(i2. His father was Henjamin McCJill, of Scotch ancestry, who has spent much of his life as a farmer; he died February 7, lM!>r), in Peterborough, Canada, at the advanced a^e of eighty years. His wife was Jane Byers, of Irish nativity, by whom he had ten children. Our subject began his medical studies with Dr. P. D. Carpenter of Pittsford in 1882, later entering the University of Huffalo, from which he graduated in March, 1880, and began practice at Fairport, where he is already highly esteemed, both as a man and a physician. His wife is Sarah Helen, daughter of Julian McVeau, who died in Wheatland, Mon- roe county, March 20, 1895, and a niece of Alexander McVeau of Rochester. N. Y. They have a son, Donald Cameron, born May 11, 1891. At the present writing Dr. McCJill is engaged in the completion of an elegant residence at No. 28 South Main street, Fairport. Arnold, William B., who died July 16, 1888, was one of the best known and most induential men Ogden has ever produced. He served as justice of the peace thirty- four years, and supervisor several terms, and enjoyed the highest esteem and confi- dence of his fellow townsmen all his life. He was born April 2:?, 1827, and was a son of Enoch Arnold, and a grandson of pioneer Daniel Arnold. William attended school at Brockport, and later at Rochester, graduating from Union College in 1850. He also read law, though he never practiced, having promised his father to live on the farm in Ogden. However, he possessed the qualifications of a successful lawyer, and his abilities were appreciated by those in authority, for he was frequently ap- pointed manager of estates and property of deceased persons. He was chairman of the Republican County Committee two years, and for many years trustee and clerk of the Center Presbyterian Church. His farm, which comprised ;}, a^ed si.xty-five years. His father, John, was born at the old home, married Elizabeth Waters, and had eleven children, of whom George was the seventh. Ives, LydiaR., widow of the late J. H. Ives. Mr. Ives was a builder and also a jeweler, born at Great Harrington, Mass , August 15, 1815; and settled here in 1855, establishing at that time a jewelry store on Main street. Mrs. Ives, also of Massachu- setts family, wasbcjrn iu Fairport, N. Y., February 18, 1817, her father, the late Peter Ril)ley, having come to this town in 1814. Their children were Mary A., Henry D., and Emma Lydia, all now deceased. The elder daughter was married to Charles D. Case of Fairport, June 28, 1871. Brigham, (Jrville P., oldest son of pioneer John Brigham, was born in Ogden, September 9, 1818. His wife, Delia Barnard, who survives him, was born in Roch- ester, April 15, 1821. They were married January 27, 1842, and their children were Charles H., and Edward D., of Palmyra, Frederick G. of Spencerport; J. Clifford, of Ogden: Clara B, wife of Wesley A. Whittier; and Elbert W., of Ogden. Mr. Brigham died October 22, 1885. He was an upright man and a public spirited citi- zen, also an earnest worker in the cause of temperance. He was a founder and lead- ing member of the Congregational Church of Spencerport. Jehiel Barnard was a native of Oneida county, born in 1789, and in 1812 came to Rochester and bought a lot where the Arcade Building now stands, where he kept a shop, and later had an- other store where the Powers Building now is. In 18'57 the family came to Ogden and bought a farm, but in 185(1 the old pioneer returned to Rochester, where he died in 1S(;5, and his wife in 1882. Their children were Henry, who died in Virginia in 1877; William, who died in Iowa; Delia, who married O. P. Brigham; Jehiel, a busi- ness man of Rochester; George, who died in Dubuque, Iowa; Sophronia, who mar- ried James D. Brown and died in Rochester iu 1882. Jehiel Barnard and Delia Scranton were married in Rochester October 8, 1815, which is said to have been the first marriage celebrated in that village. Tooley, Norman, was born in the town of Wells, Rutland county, Vt., March 9, 1827, was educated in the common schools, and is a self made man. In 1855 he married Charlotte, daughter of Oliver and Sarah Gould, and they have one son. Prof. Arthur Tooley, of Brockport Normal Scho(jl. In 1874 our subject came to Brockport, and in 187(5 engaged in the coal business, which he still continues. Prof. Arthur Tooley graduated from Brockport Normal School in 1879, and the same year entered the Rochester University, graduating in 1883. In 1884 he was elected jirinci- pal of the Academic Department of the Normal School there, which jwsition he has since filled. Uno.stentatious and unassuming, he has ever been ready to further all Christian and benevolent enterprises. Chapman, Ansel, was a native of East Haddam, Conn., and came to Ogden with his family in 1820, settling on the farm now owned by John Chapman. He was a ])ioneer in this locality, and for a number of years lived in a small log house. He brought the first team to this locality, and when he first visited the place Rochester had but two hotels. His wife was Abigail Chauncey, a sister of Ilenry Chauncey, one of the founders of the Panama Railroad. His wife was but si,xteen years of Family sketches. 21 age when she was married, but bravely withstood the trials and hardsliips of pioneer- ship. Ansel Chapman died October 6, 1849. and his wife November 15, 1865. Their children were Timothy, for many years a merchant in Rochester; JohnC, of Ogden ; Francis, who resided many years in Rochester, and died in New York ; Catherine T., born in 1820; Elijah, who died young; Russell, who married Ruth Webster, and died in May, 1882; Mary, who died aged twenty-four ; Sarah, who died aged seven; Mi- netta and Janette (twins), the first dying aged eleven, and the latter having married a Mr. Mills; and Henry M., who was killed by a horse when a boy. Ansel Chajiman took a farm of fifty acres, which he afterwards increased to over 200 acres, but the great improvements on this place were made by John C. Chapman, whose life and energies have been devoted to farm work. The latter was born March 11, 1S16, and for the last forty years has been an energetic business man. His sister, who shares with him the comforts of the old home, has been f5elf and neighbors. The plows were made of wood, with iron points. He was an active and public spirited man, and so patriotic that when the war of the Rebellion broke out, he offered and gave from his own purse ten dollars to every man who would enlist from his town. He died in 1864. He represented his town on the Board of Supervisors and in other ofhcial capacities. In 1815 he married Permelia Herrick, and their children were Lucy, Anson, Minerva, Mary A., Judson, Mary, Anna J., and William. The mother died in 1880 at the age of eighty-two. Our subject began for himself on his present place (a portion of which lies in the town of Mendon), and in addition to his home farm of one hundred and fifty acres he has other lands in this town. In 1851 he married Miiry, daughter of John and Elizabeth (Flory) Mook. Mr. Mook was born in Union county, Pa., and his wife in Lancaster county. Mr. and Mrs. Howard have had two children : Martha M., who died aged eighteen, and Duayne J., who resides at home. Bly, William B., a prominent contractor and business man of Fairport, was born in Sand Lake, July 12, 1883. Joseph, his father, was a millwright and lumberman of that place, and at various times a town official, having been commissioner of high- ways, justice of the peace, etc. W. B. Bly first engaged in the lumber business, afterwards farming for a time, and in 1867 came to Fairport and bought an interest in the planing mill. In 1855 he married Sarilla Vary, who died in 1870, leaving two children, a daughter, I'^va, who married Harvard Spcer and lives in Washington, and a son, Will 1., who is traveling salesman in the Western States. After his wife's death Mr. Bly spent two years in California, returning to Fairport in 1872, and has since given his whole attention to building. Besides many residences, he erected in 1890 the handsome Bown Block on Main street, and in 1892 rebuilt the De Land Chemical Works. Mr. Bly is prominent in church and society, an exponent of Pro- hibition, has been trustee of the village, and in every way is identified with it.s best interests. In 1872 he married Mrs. Emma A. Hill of Fairport. Doty, Anson, was Iwrn in Albany in 1811 and came to this county in 1819 with his father, David, and the family were among the proiTjincijt farmers of the town. An- FAMILY SKETCHES. jr, son married .Sophronia, daughter of Joseph Hutchinson, and their chiichxMi were Hi- ram, Mrs. Ehiiira Craig, Mrs. Mary Sharp, Mrs. Hannah Hendee, Mrs. Harriet Webster, and Mrs. Adda Kerr. One daughter, Mrs. Clarissa Allen, died in 18!)4, and one son, Reuben, died in 1884. Our subject is a practical and successful man, and has taken an active interest in town affairs. Meserve, Samuel H., came from Goshen, N. H., in 1845, and settled in the town of Parma. Previous to that time he had lived for two years in Rochester and vicin- ity. Of his five children, three grew to maturity: Laura, Luthera and Xathau, the latter alone surviving. Samuel died in 1872 and his wife in 1889. Nathan Me- serve was born November 6, 1826, and being an only son, always made his home with his parents. In 1849 he married Matilda J. Hegeman of Greece, and had five chil- dren: Charles, who died in 1890 at Batavia; Addie, wife of Henry Miller of Roches- ter ; Lydia, whose twin died in infancy ; Hattie wife of Theron Peck, of Wichita, Kan. William Hegeman came Flatbush, L. I., in 1845 and settled in the southwest part of Greece. He died in Rochester about 1868, and his wife in 1862. Wansey, Lyman S., a son of John and Rebecca (Davis) Wansey, was born in Ogden June 9, 1824, and was one of the foremost men of the tow^n, having a farm of 140 acres, which was among the best in Ogden. In 1857 he married Maria E., daughter of George P. and Mary A. (Day) Hodges, and they had three children : Charles, Frank, and a daughter who died in infancy. Mr. Wansey died in Ogden August 12, 1894, having served long terms as assessor, road commissioner and trustee of the cemetery. George P. Hodges came from Clarendon, Vt. , and settled in Ogden in an early day. With him came his wife and two children: Eliphalet D. and Mary J., both now deceased. After living twenty years on the old place Mr. Hodges reriioved to Ogden Center, where he died in 1873. His children, born in Ogden, were Maria E., who married Lyman S. Wansey; Wealthy A., now of Vermont; and George H., of Ogden. Gaskin, E. W., of Pittsford, prominent as a builder and architect, and a resi- dent of the village since 1846, was born in WaterviUe, Oneida county, November 30, 1830. Edward, the father, was an English gardener and florist, and in 1822, accom- panied by his wife and family of five children, came to this country, having as capi- tal less than $500. He engaged in farming, and was successful. The family resi- dence at various times during our subject's boyhood has been in Oneida, Madison, and Chenango counties, and the educational facilities afforded him were quite limited. However he possessed a strong bent for the acquisition of knowledge, and during his youth, after coming to Pittsford, took up practical surveying under the tuition of L. L. Nichols, whose daughter, J. Adelaide Nichols, was Mr. Gaskin's second wife, and the mother of Bertha Adelaide, now the wife of George Hooker of Pittsford. Mr. Gaskin's first wife was Martha Simonson, who died in 1862, leaving two daugh- ters: Florence May and Myra M. The present Jklrs. Gaskin was Emily, daughter of John S. Agate of Pittsford, and her children are Emily N. and R. Edward, who is at present a .student at the Rochester Business College. Mr. Gaskin, not only as archi- tect and builder, but as a citizen in private and official capacities, has been closely identified with the growth and prosperity of Pittsford. In 1870 he was instrumental .1 26 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. in procuring a new charter. He was a village trustee for not less than sixteen years, and several times its president, besides serving as justice of the peace and assessor. Taylor, George C, was born at Meridian, N. Y., September 20, 1885, a son of Dr. A. L. Taylor, who died in May, 1861. The latter was for some years prior to his de. cease engaged in the preparation of patent medicines, a business which has been greatly enlarged and extended in the hands of his son, and which now sends its rep- resentatives to all parts of the country. Mr. Taylor first engaged in business in Ira, where he remained eight years, locating at Fairport in 1865. In 1872 he established the Fairport Herald, and erected the laboratory, corner Main and High streets. In 1861 he married Miss Fuller of Springboro, Pa. It is a singlar fact, and one to which must be attributed the lightness with which he bears his years, that notwithstanding his long experience as a traveling salesman and manufacturer, he has never yet tasted tobacco or liquor. Beside the widely-known "Oil of Life," Mr. Taylor deals largely in other medicines, and in all standard drugs and chemicals usually kept by general stores. Gomph, George H., the well-known educator and clergyman of Pittsford, was born at Albany, November 4, 1842. His father, George, was of German birth, a skilled artisan and musician, who established his manufacture of piano fortes in Albany about 1858. Our subject's early days were passed in Albany, and he was educated at Hartwick Seminary. His earlier theological studies were at Philadelphia Lutheran Seminary, from which he graduated in 1869. The same year he took up his residence at Pittsford, where he has for more than a quarter of a century been intimately con- nected with its best interests. The German Lutheran Society was organized here in 1867, and their church erected. Rev. Valentine Miller being the first pastor, but it has since May, 1869, looked to Mr. Gomph as its spiritual leader. Largely, also, to his personal energy are its temporal affairs due for the solidity of their tenure. In 1883 the contiguity of the new West Shore Railway detracted so much from the old church as a place of worship that a new edifice was erected on Morningside Park, having 130 families connected, and a communion membership of 425. From 1870 to 1881 Mr. Gomph conducted a parochial school with excellent results, and he has been instrucor in the German language at the Union School. This institution owes in a measure its present status, with modern building and academic curriculum to his personal effort as chairman of the Board of Education. August 31, 1869, Mr. Gomph married Maria Clark, the preceptress of Hartwick Seminary, and their children are Mina, a musician of culture and ability as a teacher; Catharine, of the Normal College at Albany, and George, now a student at home. Benedict, Edgar, was born in Wilton, Fairfield county. Conn., (October 2, 1830. His father, Frederick R., was a native of the same .State, and the family trace their descent to Thomas Benedict, who came from England in 1638. F. R. Benedict mar- ried Mary A. Osborn, who died in 1846, and his second wife was Amanda Rockwell. Edgar Benedict was educated at Wilton, and in 1852 came to Brockport and engaged in the retail shoe business, which he now carries on in the same store where he first ' located. The firm was first C. Wickes & Co., afterwards Wickes & Benedict. In 1875 Mr. Wickes retired and Frank Benedict, a brother, was admitted to the firm, since which it has been Benedict Brothers. In 1858 he married Mary E., daughter FAMILY SKETCHES. '27 of Joseph Staples, and their children are Frederick S., an architect of New York city ; Homer B., a law student; George E., now in the office of D. S. Morgan & Co. Our subject has served as town clerk for ten years, and four years as one of the trustees of the village. He is a member of the Local Board of the Brockport State Normal School. He has been for twenty years one of the ruling elders of the Presbyterian church, and has been delegate to the Presbytery and Synod. In 1892 he was a com- missioner from Rochester Presbytery to the Presbyterian (xeneral Assembly, which met at Portland, Oregon. Corby, Stephen L., was born in New Jersey in 1815, and was a shoemaker by trade The family originally came from England and settled in New Jersey when the country was new. Mr. Corby came to Lima in 1886, remained a short time, then went into Monroe county, locating at North Bloomfield. Two years later he came to Mendon Center, near which he has resided since. He has owned various farms, and worked at his trade. By industry and thrift he accumulated a comfortable property, and has always stood high in the estimation of his townspeople. He married in 1845 Lydia, daughter of George Marsh, who moved into the town in 1828. Mr. Corby bought his present home in Mendon Center in 1876, and it is the same spot where he lived nearly sixty years ago when he first came to the town. Mr. Corby was twice married ; his first wife was Mary, daughter of John Supener, by whom he had four children, namely : Caroline, who married George Canfield of Pittsford ; Cady, of North Dakota; Bentley, who died in boyhood; and Emily, who married John Bone, but she is now deceased. Mr. Corby's children by his second wife are as follows: Bentley, of Pittsford; Sarah A., who married William Woolston of Fishers, she is now de- ceased ; and Adellia, who married Daniel Woolston of the town of Perinton. Sime, George W., was born in Morrayshire, Scotland, April 1, 1844, a son of James, who came to this country in 1850, and settled in the town of Sweden. He married Annie, daughter of John Brown, and their children are George W. and Mr.s. Harris Helmes. George W. was educated at the Brockport Collegiate Institute, then taught school for a number of years. In 1869 he married Adelle F., daughter of Hiram Peake, and they have six children: Annie D., Jessie, George B., William J., Arthur H. and Chester R.. Mr. Sime has served as school commissioner for six years, super- visor three years, member of the Legislature (1886-87), and has been active in town work. Wagar, Dexter S., is a son of Amos, and grandson of George Wagar, who came here in 1819. Dexter S. lived on part of the old homestead and devoted himself to farming until 1889, when he removed to Webster village, and erected a fine residence in 1892. His wife was Mary, daughter of Rev. George McCartney of New Jersey, and they have six children : Charles, Arthur, Raymond, Glenn, Hettie and Minnie. Mr. Wagar is now serving his second term as poormaster of his town. Hubbell, William, came from Sheffield, Mass., and settled on the Ridge in 1840. Ten years later he removed to Ogden, and still later to Clarkson, where he died in 1885. Of his eight children, Jane, born in Massachusetts, married Albert Shears; Eliza, Oreb T., Almeda, Carrie, Mary, Martha and Alice were natives of this county. Oreb T., so well known in Ogden and this locality, was born March 4. 1844; has been a successful and energetic farmer, and takes much interest in local politics, having 2S LANDMARKS OF iMONROE COUNTY. » served fcnir years as overseer of the poor, etc. July 20, 1SG2, he enlisted in Co. C, 4th N. Y. Heavy Artillery, and served without serious mishap until the Reams Station battle, where he was wounded, captured, and held a prisoner for over six months. He was finally paroled, and mustered out of service July 20, 1805. He then returned to the farm and has since been a re.sident of Ogden. He has three times served as commander of Martindale Post, G. A. R., in which he has also held other offices. In IHTO Mr. llubbell married Clara, daughter of Timothy Howard, of ( )gden, and tliey have had six children, five now living. Burton, Leonard, was born in the town of Mendon, in 1838. His paternal grand- rathcr was Stephen, a native of Massachusetts, who was one of the earliest settlers of the town, locating there in 1802, and taking up land northeast of the falls now owned by Daniel Fish and George Wood. He had a family of four sons and three daughters, of whom Asa, an infant when the family came to Mendon, grew upon the farm there and spent his life. He married Elsie Richardson, of Livonia, whose father, Joseph, was killed by the Indians in the battle of Black Rock, and was buried at Livonia. The Richardson family came from Livonia to Mendon in the early days. Asa Bur- ton, besides being a successful farmer, carried on the business of brickmaking, and made all the brick used in the locality for many years. He reared a family of nine children, and died in 1871, his wife dying in 1885. Leonard Burton has always lived on a farm. He received a common school education at Honeoye Falls, and in 1802 enlisted in the 108th N. Y. Vols., serving in the Army of the Potomac until the close of the war. He was slightly wounded at Chancellorsville, which kept him in hospital until the battle of Gettysburg, but was at the front the rest- of the time. After the war he bought a farm east of Honeoye Falls, in company with his brother Parley (who was also in the army), and the next year he married Sarah C, daughter of John Fishell, of Rush. They have these children: Alice V., Leonora M., J. Elmer, Clyde H., Josephine B., Jay, and Luetta. Mr. Burton has a farm of 120 acres and carries on quite a business in well drilling. He has served two terms as overseer of the poor. Malone, Patrick, for more than half a century a central figure in iiublic life in this vicinity, was born in County Clare, Ireland, in 1822, where his father was a merchant. Emigrating in 1825, they settled first at Montreal, .seven years later removing to Rochester, and in 1835 came to Mendon. (iraduating from the academy at Henrietta in 1838, Mr. Malone began life as a teacher, in which profession he was eminently successful. During this time he traveled to what was then the occidental boundary of civilization, teaching at Paris, Ky. ; and at Lexington, Mo., he entered the employ of a large mercantile house as a bookkeeper. In 1839 he returned to this county, and in 1844 married Delia Lord, of Mendon. Their three children are Mrs. Delia Lewis, Mrs. N. C. Steele, and Mrs. Harry Stalter, all resident of Pittsford. Three sons are deceased, Thomas, Joseph and Albert; the latter being twenty-four years of age at the time of his death, a clerk in the Monroe County Bank, and a man of great promise and ability. Mr. Malone is a Democrat of the old school, and represented his town in the county legislature from 1804 to 1872 inclusive, and also in 1879. He was for a period of twelve years manager of the State Industrial School, and is still notary public. Despite advancing age, his scholastic attainments are apparent at once, as FAMILY SKETCHES. 29 he is in all ways a citizen whom his townspeople delight to honor. He served as inspector of the Monroe County Penitentiary sixteen years. Case, Nathan, one of the oldest residents of Egypt, settled here in 1k:5T. His record of a long life well spent is without startling event, but of a character without blemish. In 1838 he married Margaret Pierce, who was his companion for thirty years, and the mother of four children : Albert Case, of Michigan ; Mrs. Henry Stout- enburg, of Pittsford, N. Y. ; Geo. Case, residing on the homestead, and Mr.s. Charles Townsend, of Rochester, N. Y. His present wife is Charlotte F. Ritter, nee Gunni- son, of Troy. Mr. Willard Ritter, the well-known traveling salesman for De Land & Co., of Fairport, is her son. Mr. Case has been an invalid since 1.S85, a sufferer from paralysis, but with mental faculties unimpaired. In his prime he was a man of political and social note, a deacon in the Baptist church, and an assessor of Perinton. He was born in Hoosick in 1814, and accomplished the removal here by driving his own team overland, a journey of five days. Danforth, Robert, came to Ogden from Livingston county, but was born in Massa- chusetts in 1782, and was a .soldier in the war of 1812. In Hillsboro, N. H., he married Betsey Dowe, a native of Londonderry, Vt.. and they had eight children, three born before the family came to the Genesee country. They were Phineas A., Nason, and Leander. The latter was born in Royalton, Vt., January 30, 1807. The children born in New York State were: Aurelia A., Betsey E., Adeline L., Loemma E., and Robert A. Robert Danforth died in Ogden in 1872, aged eighty-nine, and his wife died in 1852. Leander Danforth, for many years a farmer in Ogden, and a man well respected in the town, married in 1835, Eunice K. Manning, of Bradford, N. H., by whom he had three children: Eudora E., Florence A., and Rosalie A. Leander Danforth died July 8, 1882, and his wife died in 1892. He was a consistent member of the Ogden Center Presbyterian church. Florence A. Danforth and (ieorge Stamp were married in 1868, and they have one son, Clarence G. Mr. Stamp died in Con- neaut, Crawford county, Pa., May 31, 1871 Clarence George Stamp married, Janu- ary 2, 1895, Myrta E. French, of Ogden. Leander Danforth was a Republican and an ardent abolitionist. Robert Danforth was a Democrat. Reeve, John, one of the substantial and con.servative farmersof Pittsford, was born in 1832, in the town of Henrietta. William Reeve, his late father, was of English birth. He landed in America about 1816, settling in Henrietta, purchasing a large farm there ten years later. He was closely identified with initial operations on the Erie waterway, beginning with surveying, and later taking contracts for its comple- tion on various divisions of the great work. His personal recollections of those days, when a few scattered domiciles constituted the city of Rochester, and when the com- mon center of to-day was but a morass and dumping ground, are vivid and enter- taining. John Reeve removed from Henrietta twenty-five years ago, and his farm of 160 acres in southern Pittsford is a marvel of its kind. February 17, 1870, he married Jane H. Proudly, and they have two children: Thomas J. and Ida A. Wilmot, Servetus, was born in Ogden. October 23, 1826, the third child of pioneer Amos Clark Wilmot, by his marriage with Elizabeth Hiscock, the family being more fully mentioned in the history of Ogden. Servetus was reared to farm work, and was educated in the common schools and Brockport Academy. At the age of twenty- 30 LANDMARKS OP MONROE COUNTY. one he began for himself, and as a farmer Mr. Wilmot has enjoyed a fair measure of succe.ss, and in the estimation of his fellow men occupies an enviable position. Durmg the past ten years he has been identified closely with the cause of prohibition. The family are members of the Presbyterian church of Ogden Center. In 1849 Mr. Wilmot married Margaret, daughter of pioneer Hendnck D. Vroom, and they have had these children; Henry A., M.D., of Middleport; Herbert S., who died aged twenty-four; and Henrietta M., wife of George L. Hiscock, of Ogden. Gunsaul, John S., superintendent of canals since March 7, 1882, was born at Am- sterdam, N. Y., December 2Q, 1830, where his father, John Gunsaul, was a farmer, and later a boatman and grocer, removing in 1845 to Faii-port. J. S. Gunsaul began life as a driver on the canal, from which position Ife has worked his way up to the top of the ladder. Most of his life has been spent in connection with the Erie Canal in some capacity, although he was for a time a traveling salesman. He is a citizen of broad, liberal views and of sterling qualities, In 1857 he married Susan Mars, born in Vergennes, Vt., and their children are Willis A., who became an inspector of lumber at Bradford, Pa,, and whose death occurred in 1889; George M., a traveling salesman who makes his headquarters here; and Elizabeth M., who married Freder- ick S. Keeney, of Belvidere, N. Y. Spavin, Henry, was born in England in 1820, a son of John, and a grandson of Thomas Spavin. He came to America in 1831 with his father and settled in Oneida county finally, where he resided some time, but in 1801 came to Webster, where he is engaged in farming. The wife of our subject was Theressa, daughter of Henry Tibbits, of Oneida county, and they are the parents of two sons, Charles and John, and three daughters, Ella, Laura, and Allie. Search, Lewis, was born in Bucks county. Pa., in 1824, a .son of Lot Search, who was born in 1791, a son of Lot, sr., also of that place, who removed to Henrietta in 1825, and cleared the farm now owned by our subject. Lot, sr. , was a Revolutionary soldier, and was in the battles of Monmouth, Brandy wine, etc. Of his six children, Lot, jr., was the second, and lived to the age of ninety-one. He volunteered his services in the war of 1812, and went to Washington to assist in defending that city. His wife was Sarah Scout, of Bucks county, Pa., and their children were Matilda, Henrietta, Wesley, Lewis, Lucinda, Edward and Jane. Lewis Search has spent his life on the homestead, and in addition to his home farm he has also dealt to some extent in farm lands. Since 1887 he has leased his farm, and retired from active work. He has served in various town offices. In 1846 he married Electa A. Brinin- stool, daughter of Jacob and Harriet Brininstool, who came to this county in 1808, where they endured all the hardships of pioneer life. The father died in 1882, and the mother in 1H89. Mr. and Mrs. Search have had four children ; Frances E. Corbin, of this town; vSarah J., deceased; H. Coralin Fenner, of Scrauton, P. ; and Bertram L. , who is discount clerk and teller in the Merchant's Bank, Rochester. Dailey, William, was born in Wlieatland, Monroe county, April 14, 1H46. His father, John, was a native of County Clare, Ireland, who came to America in 1835, and was identified with the farming interests of the county, settling in Chili. Will- iam was educated in the common schools, and is pre-eminently a self-made man. In 1874 he married Jes.sie McGeary, and they have had nine children: John F., William FAMILY SKETCHES. 31 G., James K., George R., Vincent S., Donald A., Oswald J., and M. Bertha. In 1879 Mr. Dailey began the buying and shipping of grain and produce at Brockport, which he has continued to the present time. He takes a prominent position in the affairs of the town, and also in manufacturing enterprises. His home is a large and beau- tiful residence, with spacious grounds, on South avenue. Gleason Samuel W., M. D., was born in the town of Bergen in 1821, a son of Abi- jah Gleason, who was born in P:ilington, Conn. The latter married Susannah Hinck- ley, and settled in the town of Bergen in 1809, crossing the Genesee River on a log. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, after which he returned to Bergen and engaged in farming, being also a captain of militia, justice of the peace, etc. He died in 1875 in his seventy sixth year. Samuel W. was educated at Brockport, and studied med- icine under Dr. Barnes Coon, of Ohio, also Dr. Robert Andrews, and he has been an active member of the profession for fifty-two years, twenty-four years in Bergen, Genesee county, N. Y., seven years in Kansas, one year in Michigan, thirteen years in Holley, Orleans county, N. Y., and seven years in Brockport, town of Sweden, where he is still engaged. In 1865 he married Harriet E.. daughter of Samuel Stone, and they have one daughter, Adelle. Wilbur, W. Montague, was born in Fairport, October 16, 1864, a son of Smith Wilbur. He was educated at the Union School and Colgate Academy at Hamilton, N. Y., and left school to assume a position with theW. H. Warner Company of Roch- ester, as superintendent of the mailing department, where he remained until 1892. He is now director of the Fairport Military Band, a very fine organization. Mr. Wilbur has been a member of several prominent church choirs in Rochester and Utica, as solo tenor, notably the celebrated Brick Church Quartette of Rochester, and has been director of the First Baptist church choir of Fairport five years. He has studied under some of the best ma.sters, among them being'Professor Wilkins of Roch- ester. His mother was for forty years leading soprano in the Fairport Baptist church. As a director of musical entertainments Mr. Wilbur has few equals, and was leading tenor in the Elliott Concert Company during their tour of this State in 1888. He is an enthusiastic advocate of Republican jirinciples, and is now president of the Good Government Club of Perinton. In 1891 he married Imogene Hanna of Rochester. Mr. Wilbur enjoys large personal popularity in bcjth Perinton and Rochester. Garland, Morey C. — Eighty-three years ago, in Kent, England, was born William Garland, the father of our subject. Defrauded of an inheritance, after protracted litigation, he was thrown on his own resources, without capital, and forced to make his own way in the world. With undaunted energy he turned his face toward Amer- ica in 1839, making his own way far west to Wisconsin, where he spent two years without material advancement of his fortunes. In 1847 he came to Pittsford, first purchasing a farm of fifty acres near his present home. Of his nine children only three lived to maturity, and two now survive: John, a resident of Mendon, and Morey C. William has not yet succumbed to the weight of years, but they press heavily upon him, and he lives chiefly in the past. Morey Garland was married August 20, 1876, to Agnes Cattelle, daughter of John C. Catlelle, of English birth, a graduate of St. John's College. Cambridge, C. E. Their children are Elsbeth, Jay C, and Ralph I., a daughter. Crystal Anita, having died in infancy, in 1893. 32 LANDMARKS OF MUNKOE COUNTY. Holden, Alexander M., was born in Mendon in 1848. His father was Timotliy M. Ilolden. a native of Charlestown, N. H., whi> was descended from good Puritan stock, and whose father and grandfather both served in the Revohitionary army. Timothy came to Rochester in 18:58, and soon after to Honeoye Falls. He clerked in a store for a time, his fellow clerk being Henry Keep, in after years a noted railroad man. Mr. Holden married Minerva J. Martin, whose father, Alexander, came to Lima in 1812 and was well known in that section. In 1845 he opened a store in Men- don where he remained till 1866. He was postmaster, and for many years super- visor of the town, and during the war, he was chiefly instrumental in negotiating the town bonds and in filling the town's quota of soldiers. In 1868 he returned to Hon- eoye Falls, where he lived as a banker and merchant until his death in 1892. He had reared a family of three children: Alexander M., Addison R., who died in 188S aged twenty-eight, and Anna E. Alexander went into mercantile business with his father in 18m tliere to Hyde Park, Vt. ; thence to Wash- ington county, N. Y., where he resided seven years, coming to Parma in 1854, where he afterward died. He was a soldier in the war of 1812 with (ireat Britain. His grandfather received a lieutenant's commissicm in the Continental army, was wounded at Benington, Vt., and died in Hanover, N. H., a pensioner of the Revolu- tion. In the family of Lewis Goold were three children: Lewis H., Albert H., and Harriet A., the first named also having a family when coming to Parma. He still lives in the town and is a farmer. The daughter died at Medina, Orleans county, N. Y., in June, 1894. Albert H., who for many j-ears has been numbered among Parma's successful farmers, was born at Fairlee, Vt., October 11, 18:^1, and was twenty-three years old when his father came to Western New York. He lived at home until 1861, when he enlisted in Co. I, 13th N. Y. Vol. Inf. He served seven- teen months, and at the second battle of Bull Run was wounded. He was then in the hospital six months, but rejoined his company and served until May 11, 18fi8, when he was mustered out and discharged. Returning to Parma he engaged in farming, and has now a fine farm of sixty acres in the central part of the town. In 1866 Mr. Goold married Mary L. Salisbury of Troy, N. Y., by whom he had four children: Minnie H., Clark G., Seth M., and Raymond, who died when five months old. Fowler, Joshua, came from Westchester county in the spring of 1886 and settled south of Pittsford village. He was born in 1774 and died in 1852, and his wife, Jane Fowler, was born 1788 and died in 1866. Their children were William, who dietl in Pittsford, an accidental death; James, who died in Missouri; Jeremiah, who died in Parma; Chauncey, a miller and farmer now living in Parma; Frances, who married Abram Keifer and lives in Kansas; Jane, widow of George Dusenbury of Ogden ; Benjamin, who died young; Joshua, who died aged twenty; Mary, who married Zachariah Weatherwax, and lives in Middleport ; Emeline, deceased wife of William Scott; Luciuda, deceased wife of Jacob Liddy; Josephine, wife of II. H. Cronkhite; Elizabeth, deceased wife of Alvin Nj^e. Vincent, the eighth of these children, was sixteen years old when his father came to Western New York. He has been a suc- cessful miller for many years, and has operated at least a dozen grist mills in various parts of this State. About 1857 he bought a farm on the Ridge, where he residetl till 1883, when he purchased the Deacon Church property in Spencerport, where he has since lived in comparative retirement. In 1842 he married Rebecca A. Field, and their children have been Cortland F., George V., and Franklin J., who com- prised the Fowler Company, the largest and most successful wholesale grocery firm in Iowa, doing business at Waterloo; Arthur \V., the third son is a hardware mer- chant at Brockport ; and their only daughter, Cora A., lives at home. Wright Field, Mrs. Fowler's father was a former resident of Westchester county, and came to Henrietta in 1832. He died in Parma at the age of seventy-seven. . Smith, John, jr., came to Duanesburg, but early settled in Parma, where he be- came a prosperous farmer. His second, wife was Martha Strong, and their children 38 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. were: Marcus J., Alniira, Sara and Rosa, all now living. John Smith, jr., married Lucinda Hiscuck, and had these children: William, Isaac, Marcus, Mercelan, Solo- mon, Silas F., Ellizabeth, Mary M. and Almira. Silas F. was born in Parma Feb- ruary 20, 1832, and has always followed farming, in which he has greatly prospered, and he has one of the best and most pleasantly situated farms in Ogden, to which town he came in 1866 from Parma. He has served as road commissioner, etc., and taken a leading part in town affairs. His first wife was Arzela M., daughter of Joseph Huell of Parma, and their three children are deceased. His wife died in 1892, and in 185J;5 Mr. Smith married Dora B., daughter of John Hiscock. William His- cock was the pioneer head of a large family of substantial descendants in Ogden. He came from Duanesburg and located east of Spencerport, where he died August U, 1823. His wife died in 1847, and their children were: Isaac, who died in 1841 ; Will- iam, who died in 1814; Lucina, who married John Smith, jr., and died in 1846; John, who died in 1841; Dorothy, twice married, who died in Wisconsin in 1860; Sally, who married Roswell Smith, and is now deceased; James W., a Universalist clergy- man who died in Parma in 1892; George W., who died in Ogden in 1879; Elizabeth, deceased wife of Amos C. Wilmot; and John, who married Orpha Spencer. The children of John and Orpha (Spencer) Hiscock were: Charles S., Henry M., Louisa A. and Dora B. Wells, I. S. , whose residence commands a view of three counties — Monroe, Onta- rio and Wayne — and four towns, was born in Perinton in 1838. His father, the late Jacob J. Wells, settled here in 1813, coming from Montgomery county, N. Y. Of sturdy English stock and sterling personal character, he took an active part in local affairs, his politics being Democratic. He was several times justice of the peace and town assessor. He married Miss Catherine Snediker of Trenton, N. J., who died in 1888. I. S. Wells is the only living child, the other having died in infancy. Mr. Wells was liberally educated, and has by personal research enlarged the scope of his scholarship and the breadth of his views. In earlier life for a time he was engaged in mercantile pursuits at Hornellsville, N. Y. , but at present devotes himself to farm, ing and the breeding of choice horses, having bred " Monroe Morgan," " Morgan Oueen," " Middy Morgan," etc., first prize winners of New York State Agricultural Society. His accomplished wife, whom he married in IH.")!), was Clara E. Benedict of this town. They have one child, Minnie E., who is the wife of Morton D. Bene- dict of Fail-port, N. Y. Baker, Mrs. J. S., is the widow of Hon. Jeremiah S. Baker, who was born at Iloosick, N. Y., in 1813, a son of Thomas Baker, who early developed mechanical ability, and with two others erected and equipped the first cotton mill in the State. Jeremiah, was throughout his life handicapped l)y delicate health and compelled to seek the retirement of farm life for recuperation. He was a leader in the councils of the Republican party, and was at various times supervisor, superintendent of the poor, and member of assembly, where his unassuming manners and efficient legisla- tion made him many friends. He was married, Octobor 8, 1839, to Adeline M. Stur- tevaut, who died September 1, 1867, leaving three daughters: Emma B., now Mrs. T. B. Wygant. of Egypt, N. Y. ; Frances A., Mrs. W. H. Woolston, of Denison, la. ; and Mary E., wife of Rev. F. W. Adams, an Episcopal clergyman of Los Angeles, Cal. He married again, in 1869, Miss Almira T. Pepper, who, with an only sister, FAMILY SKETCHES. 39 Miss Catherine F. Baker, both of Fairport. N. Y., now survives him. His death occurred on April 3, 188:3. A friend in writinjr of him said; " Many years ago I learned from his own lips of his religious hope and faith. While not forward to ex- press his religious views, it was easy to see he had deep c(jnvictions and a firm faith in the word of God, great respect for the Christian church and Christian men of every name. From my acquaintance of over forty years I have always loved and respected him for his sterling character." Mason, John, was a native of Bedfordsliirc, England, and came to America in 1828. He resided for a time in Rensselaer county and in Elba and Sand Lake, this county, and finally settled in Ogden in 1837. In 1872 he removed to Irondequoit, where he was a prosperous farmer, where his wife was taken sick, his daughter Mary, who was a widow with two children, went to live with him aud take care of her mother until she died. He then sold his farm and went to live with his daughter Mary, who had moved back to Rochester, where she owned a house and lot. He spent the remaining years of his Hfe with her and died at the age of eighty-six years. His family were well to do people. His children were Joseph, Enoch, John, Jona- than and Thomas, all born in England, and 'Mary, Rcjsetta, Maria and Sylvester born in this country. Enoch, son of John, was born November 23, 1821. coming to America with his parents as above. With the exception of two years spent in fish- ing, in which he was veiy successful, he has been engaged in farming. At the age of twenty-seven he started out to make his own way in life, working on a farm for several years, and finally bought the place which he now owns. In 1850 he married Lois C. Buell, of Orwell, Vt. , and they have had three children: Martha, wife of George Irish; Mary, wife of William Freestone; and Enoch, jr. , who died aged twenty-two. Mrs. Mason died in 1889. Although not a church member Mr. Mason supports the Congregational church at Spencerport. He has had no inclination for political life. Seymour, William H., was born in Litchfield, Conn., July 15, 1802. But four gen- erations intervene between him and his ancestor, Richard, whose name is inscribed on an old monument to the first settlers of Hartford in 1639. Richard came from Berry Pomeroy in Devonshire, according to an old bishop's Bible, still in the pos- session of the family, on which his name is written. William H. was the son of Samuel Seymour and Rebecca Osborn Seymour, and is the sole survivor of five children. Samuel, with his brother Moses, established a hat factory about 1760 in Litchfield. Moses Seymour was the grandfather of Gov. Horatio Seymour of New York State. James, son of Samuel, went to Pcmipey, where he was in the enijiloy of Henry Seymour, father of Horatio Seymour, to Ovid, Seneca county, and soon after to Murray Four Corners, Genesee county, and engaged as partner with him in the general mercantile business. In 1818 William H. entered the employ of his brother, and in 1823 removed to Brockport which was then the head of navigation on the Erie canal, and continued the same business. James was appointed the first sheriff when the county was organized in 1820. Soon after he removed to Roch- ester, leaving the business to his brother, who continued it till 1844. About 1845 he engaged in the furnace business, manufacturing the first McCormick reaper used in the field, and after .Mr. McCormick removed to Chicago, he invented the first self- raking reaper, known as the New Yorker, aud other improvements. 40 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY True, George E. — In 1635 Henry True, from Yf)rkshire, England, emigrated to America and settled in Salem, Mass. After living in New England for four genera- tions, the direct descendants of Reuben True — Moses, William, Hannah and Betsey, with their children, Moses, jr., Ransom, Urcula and Nancy (descendants of Moses) and Elias, Sherburne, Levi and Amelia (descendants of William), removed from I'lainfield, N. fl., and settled in Monroe county about the year 1818. In 1821 Ezra, Ransom, Elias and Levi, came to the town of Ogden where they lived until their deaths. Ezra and Elias died iu 1871, Levi in 1872, and Ransom in 1898. As citizens they took a prominent part in local affairs and were always deeply interested in church and educational work. Ezra True was captain of a comjiany of militia, was supervisor of the town for several years, as well as school commissioner and t)ver- seer of highways. Elias was an influential citizen and held the office of justice of the peace for a number of years. Levi also held many important offices in the town, and at the time of his death was a leading member and deacon of the Christian church of which he was a founder. These brothers with other citizens combined and dug a well at the place now called Ogden, which was known for many years as Company Well or Town Pump, a ^ name which came to be applied to the place itself. This well was dug to avoid the inconvenience of drawing water from a place about two miles distant, which they had done up to that time. In 1850 a post- office was established and the name was changed from Company Well to Ogden. The descendants of their families still living in Ogden, are Seraph Walker (grand- daughter of Ezra True), Joshua, William and Martha (children of Ransom), and the sons of Levi True, James and George G. George True has always taken a promi- nent i^art in the affairs of the town, and has been always one of the first to engage in any enterprise for the public welfare. He received his education at the Brock- port Collegiate Institute, and Hillsdale College, and was a successful teacher for several years. Since then he has taken an active interest in school work It was under his direction that the school house was erected at Ogden in 1888. This build- ing was not only very pleasing to the inhabitants of the town, but was mentioned in the report of the superintendent of public instruction as being one of the finest dis- trict school buildings in the State. Parks, William H., was born near Rochester, October 14, 1844. His father was a native of Westchester county, and came to Rochester in 1835. He bought a tract of land on the north side of the city. In 1800 he removed to Kendall, Orleans countv- In 1868 William H. was married to Hattie S. Watson, who died in 1886; by her he had two children, Watson A. and Edith M. He married Hattie E. Adams in 1887, by whom he has one child, Roy J. His attention was given to farming until 1888, when he removed to Brockport, where he has been actively engaged in pro- moting various business enterprises, and dealing in real estate. Clark, Herbert M., was born in Henrietta in 1844, only son of Jeremiah Clark, and grandson of Joel Clark, who was a native of Connecticut, born in 1767. The latter entered the Revolutionary army in 1781 at the age of fourteen, as a drummer boy, with his father and older brother, serving through the war. He moved to Bloom- field in 1799, and to Henrietta in 1810. In 1823 he bought of Cornelius Charles Dix, of the Hague in Holland, what now comprises a portion of the Clark homestead, where he spent the balance of his life. He died in 1847 at the age of eighty. Jere- FAMILY SKETCHES. 41 miah was the youngest of seven children, born in Victor in 1812, l)ein;4 four years old when they moved to Henrietta. He spent his active life as a farmer in Henri- etta on the homestead, and was a dealer in live stock for many years. In 1843 he married Sarah C. Richardson, born in Perinton in 1823. They had five children: Herbert M., Isabel! A., Clara S., Sarah E., and Florence L. In 185o he erected the fine residence which now stands on the homestead. In 1869 his wife, Sarah C. Clark, died at the age of forty-six. In 1872 he was married to Miss Elizabeth Barne-s. He died July 7, 1891, in the eightieth j^ear of his age. Herbert M. has devoted most of his life to farming. In 1866 he went to Michigan, where he en- gaged in teaching music. In 1868 he married Electa S. French of Kalamazoo county, near Vicksburg, where they resided until in 1892; they returned to Henri- etta and bought the old homestead of 150 acres, where, on January 16, 1895, after a short illness, Mrs. Clark died, mourned by all who knew her, leaving a family of seven children— Emily S., Lee, Merrill, Wilber, Isabell, Frank, and Herbert M. jr. Childs, Rufus, died in 1876, at Troy, on his return from the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia. He is remembered as a man poor in this world's goods, but of strong, forceful character, sterling integrity, and as ever maintaining a high and C(jnsistent Christian character. He came from Sand Lake, Rensselaer county, to Parma, about 1885. His occupation was that of carpenter and millwright. In his religious views he held strongly to the Freewill Baptist church, and was one of its most active mem- bers. He was for a long time justice of the peace, and held other positions of trust and responsibility. His w^ife held to like religious views, and also maintained the same consistent course, and was of strong force of character and moral worth She died in 1888. Of their children — twelve in number— five died in extreme infancy, and seven grew to maturity and are now living, with the exception of one daughter, Juliett, who died in 1894. The remaining children are Mariah, May A., Louisa, Maranda, Gilbert C, and Edgar V. Gilbert was born February 2, 1838, attended district school until he was fifteen, and then entered the shop of his brother-in-law, and learned the trade of w'agonmaker. Later on he attended school abroad, first at Hillsdale, Mich., for a shoi't time, and then at Whitestown. On his return to Parma, he resumed his occupation of wagon-making, which he conducted until 1863, when he moved to Fairport. While there he suggested to George C. Taylor, engaged in the compounding of medicines, the feasibility of establishing a newspaper in connec- tion with his recently purchased printing outfit, used in advertising; as an induce- ment, he offered his services to look after the editorial department without fee or reward. He entered upon this task with no conception of the magnitude of the job, and, as he afterwards said, with more zeal than literary ability. Be this as it may. the Fairport Herald was born of Mr. Childs's suggestion, and at once sprang to vig- orous growth. Upon the death of Mr. Childs's wife in 1876, he returned to North Parma and established himself in his old line of business, which he is still conduct- ing. Mr. Childs has always taken an interest in politics, but in local affairs was never ambitious to share in the honors, consenting to act only in municipal matters, both at his home and in Fairport. In 1866 he married P'rancis Elizabeth Clark, an accom- plished music teacher and graduate of Cortland Academy. By this union there were born J. R. Childs. at present telegraph editor of the Rochester LTnionand Advertiser; Henry O., teacher of music, of Rochester, where he is organist of the Park Avenue f 42 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Baptist cliurch. His only daughter, Clara Louisa, is a graduate of Brockport Normal School, and now at Jamaica, L. I., engaged in teaching. Mr. Childs takes kindly to newspaper work, and is a well-known correspondent. McLaren, John. — Among the first pioneers of Webster was John McLaren, who came from Fulton county with his parents, John and Catharine McLaren, who bought and settled on a farm in the town of Penfield, known as the Woods Four Corners in 1803. At the age of twenty-one he bought a farm of 130 acres in the tow.n of Webster, and as it was nearly all woods, he cleared it up, and lived on the farm at the time of his death, which occurred in 1886, at the age of eighty-eight years. He lived a long and useful life, beloved and honored by all. In the year 1839 he married Aurelia Taylor, of Pittsford. Their wedded life was nearly fifty years, and she survived him only five weeks; she died at the age of eighty-five years. They were both mem- bers of the Presbyterian church of Webster, and he was a deacon of the same for fortv years. Their son, William McLaren, and their daughter, Catherine Elizabeth Mohr, both reside on the old homestead, each having a portion thereof. Brooks, Charles D., is a son of Ezra (whose father was Michael), born in Victor in 1833. His father and grandfather came from West Stockbridge, Mass., to Victor, Ontario county, N. Y., in 1799, and his mother, Desire Lusk, was also from Massa- chusetts. The Brooks and Lusk families came together, bought land and settled. Michael had six children: Ezra died in 1835 at the age of thirty-eight, when Charles, his youngest child, was about two years old. Of his others, John died in childhood; Jared in 1852; and Michael resides in Union City, Michigan. Charles D. married Lucy, daughter of Richard L Hand, the latter a .son of Josiah, who came to Men- don from Montauk Point, L. I., about 1820. The Hands were English, whose earliest American ancestor, John Hand, was a leading member of a company that emigrated from Maidstone, Kent, England, in 1635 ; he was one of the original pat- entees of East Hampton, L. I., and whose name stands first in the documents relat- ing to the purchase of land from the Montauk Indians. Ten years after the death of Ezra his widow went with her sons to Michigan, remaining several years, but in 1851 returned with Charles to Mendon. In 1862 Charles enlisted In Company K, 1st New York Mounted Rifles, and served in the Army of the James, receiving his discharge in December, 1865. After the war he went on to the Hand farm, north of Mendon, for several years, buying his present farm in the southeast part of the town in 1883. His two sons are Marion P. , who is in the postal service at Buffalo, and William H., on the home farm. Mrs. Brooks spent many years of hard work on a genealogy of the Lusk family, which she had nearly completed when her labors were interrupted by an attack of paralysis in 1893. Grinnell, J. W., son of Abner, and grandson of John, was born in Cattaraugus county in 1829, and came to Webster in 1834, and was brought up on a farm. He began his business career about twenty-two years ago at the completion of the R. W. & O. R. R., as a dealer in produce. In this he continued until 1884 when, in part- nership with J. A. Hopkins, he engaged in the coal business; this existed until 1893, when he purchased his partner's interest, and has since successfully carried it alone, and under his honorable and liberal management has built a business of which he may well feel proud. He has two large two-story warehouses located near the Family sketches. 43 depot, and a large coal trestle adjoining the railroad tracks Mr. Grinnell is proba- bly one of the largest dealers in produce in the county. A fact worthy of mention is that about sixteen years ago he furnished the fruit for a banquet held in London, England, by Queen Victoria. He is engaged quite extensively in fruit evaporating. His business has always been conducted upon principles of liberality and honor for which all his transactions are noted and through which his success has been gained and maintained. He owns a large farm located on the lake road, which has been the homestead of his family for over sixty years. He was married in 1853 to Miss Sarah E. Allen, daughter of Mr. William Morley Allen, of Ann Arbor, Mich., one of the pioneers of that section. He has one son and two daughters; Mr. M. A. Grin- nell, who is assisting him in the management of his business ; and Carrie A. and Addie L., who are both married and have families. Mr. Grinnell has always taken a great interest in church matters and for many years has been a trustee and stew- ard of the Methodist Church. ^ Barnett, George F., was born in Bridgewater, Oneida county, N. Y. , August 30, 1804. His father, Samuel Barnett, a native of Amenia, Dutchess county. N. Y., and his mother, Rachel Street, of Litchfield county. Conn. ; both were of English extrac- tion, their ancestors being among the early settlers of Connecticut. Mr. George Bar- nett came to this county in 1826, settling in Brockport while it was still a very small village, just beginning to feel the impetus occasioned by the opening of the Erie Canal. Here he first engaged in business as a builder and contractor, manifesting in this the same energy and fidelity that has characterized his life. In 1850 he established agricultural works, which were successfully carried on until 1886, when the death of a partner closed the business. In 1828 he married Catherine Lyell, daughter of Mr. Asa Thorpe of Galway, Montgomery county, N. Y., and to them five children were born, three of whom survive, Mr. Barnett is one of the leading men of his town, enjoying the respect and affection of all who know him. Char- itable, gentle in judgment, in manner, unostentatious and unassuming, in his old age he is reaping the fruits of a well-ordered and well-spent life. Spurr, Capt. Samuel, was born in Lenox, Madison county, June 12, 1820, a son of Amasa, a native of Massachusetts. The family trace descent from Germany, and were very early settlers of Massachusetts. In 1838 our subject came to Holley, Or- leans county, and was early identified with the freight and passenger service of the Erie Canal, beginning in 1836. He followed this business up to 1862, making a spe- cialty of the passenger traffic, until the completion of the N. Y. C. R. R., then gave his attention to farming, and in 1844 he married Sarah Arnold, daughter of Elisha Arnold of Portland, Chautauqua county, N. Y., who died in 1846. He married, second, Eleanor D., daughter of Richard Noye, of Buffalo, N. Y., and their children are William F. and Richard N., Mrs. Jennie Taylor and Mrs. Cornelia Kane; and Sarah A., died March 24, 1884, and Samuel A., died December 12, 1887. Our sub- ject is one of the represetative men of the town, interested in all public matters. Howard, D. J., of Fairport, may well be called one of the prominent landmarks of the locality. He was born in 1819 at Bridgewater, Plymouth county. Mass., a son of Ansel Howard, who came to Fairport in 1835, where he died eight years later, leaving seven children: Ansel A., Lorenzo T., John E., Daniel J., Marshall, Harriet 44 Landmarks op monroe county. and Lucy. L. T. and J. E Howard were for many years carriage builders here, the l)ioneers in that line. Both are now deceased. Daniel has been engaged in farm- ing and stock business, and always has been foremost in all matters pertaining to the best interests of the community and its growth. In the Congregational church of Fairport he has been and is still a leading spirit. His first wife was Caroline M. Robinson. She died without issue in 1887, and in 1889 Mr. Howard married Mrs. Frances Root of Fairport, who has two sons, James M. Root, of Galesbug, 111., and Frank L. Root of Rochester, N. Y. Leggett, Charles, was born in Charlmont, Mass., in 1803, a son of William, of the same place, who moved to Otsego county, and thence to Madison county, and in 1810 came to Henrietta and bought land, building a log cabin, and a year later he returned for his family, and spent his life on the place. He was a soldier in the War of 1812, and died at the age of seventy-nine. His wife was Sarah Holland, of Massachusetts, and they had six children: Sarah, William, Ivory Holland, Benja- min F., Charles and Stephen. Sarah was the first teacher in the town of Henrietta. At the age of twenty-one Charles began for himself as a farmer, which he has always followed. In 183() he married Hannah Murray, by whom he had one child, William, who died aged nineteen. His wife died in 1889. He is now a remarkably well-preserved man of ninety-two years, and resides on his farm with his niece, Mrs. Mattie Leggett Brininstool, only daughter of his brother Stephen, who also lived and died on the old homestead. He was a public spirited and energetic man, and served the town as assessor, poormaster, etc. He was captain of a company of State mi- litia, and was also a member of the Monroe County Agricultural Society, being president several years. His first wife was Mary Osborne, by whom he had one child, Franklin. He married, second, Mrs. Martha B. (Murray) Jackson, who had one daughter, Mattie, now wife of Alfred Brininstool of this town. Mrs. Leggett re- sides with her daughter. Mr. Leggett met his death by an infuriated animal on his own farm. Alfred Brininstool, one of the prosperous farmers of Henrietta, was bom in this town in 1851, a son of John Brininstool, who is also a native of Henrietta, born in 1823. The jjarents of the latter came to Henrietta about 1820, but later removed to Cattaraugus county, where they reared their family and spent their remaining days. John, the father, later came to Henrietta, where he settled, and became a prosperous citizen, active and public-spirited, serving his town in various offices of trust. His wife was Sarah Burr of this town, daughter of Asa and Polly Burr, and their children are Mrs. Margaret Hyatt, who died in 1855, Alfred, and Mrs. Ida Hamilton, of Caledonia, N. Y. Our subject began for himself at the age of twenty- two, and has devoted his attention to farming on the homestead. The place be- longed to his father-in-hiw, Stei:)hen Leggett, and became the property of his wife. Mr. Brininstool is a Mason. In 1878 he married Mattie E. Leggett, and they have one son, Charles Leggett, now preparing for the practice of dentistry. Mr. and Mrs. Brininstool are members of Brighton Grange No. 689, Monroe county, Pomona Grange, and Patrons Fire Relief Association. Brinker, General Henry, was born in Hanover, Prussia, in 1831. where he was partially educated. In 1851 he came to this country and located in New York city, where he finished his education and embarked in the produce and commission busi- ness. In 1871 he came to Rochester, where he conducted a branch of the same FAMILY SKETCHES. 45 business, in connection with the New York concern, tlie firm beinj< Henry Brinkcr & Co. He has long been identified with the prosperity and welfare of his adopted country, especially Rochester, where he was largely instrumental in causmg the Rome, Watertown and Ogdensburg Railroad to enter that city. He sold them the right-of-way through his property, and purchased the right-of-way of many others for the same purpose, thus increasing the shipping facilities of Rochester, and pav- ing the way for its greater prosperity. He is also a large stockholder in several rail- ways. June 17, 1855, he enlisted in the 3d Regiment, 1st Brigade, 1st Division N. Y. S. M., and August 5, 1857, was promoted second lieutenant, rising finally to be major-general of the 7th Division, and he has done efficient service in many parts of the State. In 1863 he married Annie Bruns of New York city, and they have four children: George H ,. Charles, Henry, jr., and Josephine. The general is a member of Germania Lodge No. 732, F. & A. M., lona Chapter No. 2\0 R. A. M., Cyrene Commandery No. 39 K. T., and is also a 32d degree Mason. Root, Henry, was born in Saratoga county, July 21, 1817, a son of Abel Root, a native of Connecticut, who came to this county in 1818, and settled in the town of Sweden, where he became a prosperous farmer, serving as justice, as.sessor, etc. He married Mary, daughter of Jabez Davis, and died in 183(iin his fiftieth 3'ear. Henry Root was educated in the district schools and Brockport Collegiate Institute and in 1838 married Sybil Salisbury, who died in 1851 ; her children were Rufus H. Root, Mrs. F. E. Terry and Mrs. C. J. White. His second wife was Amanda E. Howard, and had no children. Our subject resides on the old homestead, which has been in the possession of the family for seventy-seven years. He has held nearly all the offices within the gift of his townspeople, and lias been president of the Brockport Agricultural Society for fifteen years. Hicks Fainily, The. — In 1621 the ship Fortune arrived at Plymouth, Mass., from London. She followed the Mayflower. With this second body of Puritans came Robert Hicks, the ancestor of the family in Amicrica. He settled in Duxbury, Mass. Two of his sons, John and Stephen, went to Long Island. John took a very active part in the affairs of the settlement, and at times filled the most important offices. A town in Long Island is named for the family; also a street in Brooklyn. Isaac Hicks came from Long Island to Wheatland in the beginning of the jiresent century. His children were Samuel, Edward, Norris, Isaac, John, Abigail, Eliza, and Phoebe, all of whom except Samuel came to this count)'. Norris came early to Ogden, then having one child, Mary, who afterwards became the wife of Daniel Lord. The other children of Norris were Sarah, Stephen W., William and \'ictor- ine. The family located on the farm opposite that now owned by Stephen W. Hicks. Norris was a man of great physical endurance, having at one time walked from New York city to Niagara Falls. He died at the age of seventy-nine. Stephen was born on the farm opposite the one on which he now lives, June 3, 1826, and has made for himself a comfortable home and fortune. He married, in 1850, Martha Ketch, by whom he had two children, Blanche, who died in 1886, and William of Ogden. Mr. and Mrs. Hicks have been members of the Baptist Church over forty years. Mordecai Ketch, the father of Mrs. Hicks, was b(irn in Vergennes, Vt.. in 1805. A the age of sixteen he started for "the West," as Western New York was 46 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COtJNTT. then called. He walked from Vermont to Steuben county in this State, where an older brother had previously settled. In 1827 he settled on a farm in Sweden, with his young wife, whom he married in that town. They were the parents of eight children. His only son, James I. Ketch, enlisted in the war of the Rebellion, was taken prisoner and died in Salisbury prison in February, 1865. Gardner, Melvin, was born July 12, 1850, at Springfield Center, Otsego county. Russell Gardner,'his father, removed from that county to the town of Penfield in 1852 and engaged in farming. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he enlisted in Co. (t, 140th Regiment, and served three years without receiving an injury. He died in 1886, aged sixty-two years, leaving five sons and one daughter. Melvin, the olde.st son, now a resident of Fairport, has besides farming dealt largely in agricultural implements and in raw furs of all kinds, shipping mostly to Boston. A staunch Re- publican, he held the position of commissioner of highways for five successive years, from 1888 to 1892. January 1, 1870. he married Mary Knickerbocker, whose father, the late Milton Knickerbocker, was born and died (aged sixty-five) in the house which is his daughter's home. One son, Chauncey M. Gardner, born June 11, 1873, a graduate of Rochester University, is now a traveling salesman for De Land & Co. of this town. Barnard, John, came from New Hampshire with his wife and two children and settled north of Adams Basin, in 1816. Pioneer Barnard had been a soldier in the war of 1812, and was at the battle of Plattsburg. His wife was Abigail Hackett, and their children, born in New Hampshire and in Ogden, were as follows: Sylvanus, who died at Adams Basin; Betsey, who married Robert Moore, moved to Michigan, where she died; William, of Ogden; John, who died in Michigan; and Rhoda, who married Lorenzo Baird. After living about forty years on the Ridge John Barnard removed to Adams Basin, and later to Allegany county, where he married a second wife, and there died. Captain William Barnard, as he was familiarly known, was born in Ogden, April 8, 1818, and when old enough began working on the State canal scow, first in the capacity of cook one 3'ear, then deck hand for twenty years, and was finally promoted to the position of foreman or captain, which position he now holds, having been in the employ of the State sixty-two years, without missing a single season. Captain Barnard, though seventy-seven years old, is still hale and hearty, and has many warm friends in Ogden and Sweden. His wife was Mary Warren, by whom he had five children: Mary, who married Charles Nobles; Will- iam, of Rochester; Hannah and Lamira, of Ogden, and Charles, who died in Texas January 2, 1894. Webster, Dr. John, who is remembered as one of the pioneers of Ogden, was born in 1780, and came from Berkshire county, Mass., in 1802, and settled on the farm now owned by his heirs. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. His wife, Susan, was born in the same year as her husband. They settled in the town early in the cen- tury, and the family became prominently identified with the local history of the locality. Mr. Webster practiced medicine in Ogden till his death in 1838. His wife died in 1842. Their children were Stephen, Asa, Jeremiah, Sylvester, Alvin, Huldah, William, John, William 2d, Hiram, and Susan. Of these children John, of Niagara county, and Dr. Hiram Webster of Michigan are now living. Alvin was FAMILY SKETCHES. 47 born April 2, 1810, and was one of the most substantial farmers of the town. He married first Lucy A. Woodard, and their one child, Lucy A., died in infancy. His second wife was Cornelia, daughter of Simon and Prudence Bailey, and their chil- dren were Lucy A., who married Dr. William S. Millener ; Charles A., of Rochester; Judson, who died young; and Judson H., now of Lockport. Alvin Webster died January 25, 1890. He was one of Ogden's active men, and although originally a Democrat became in later years a strong anti-slavery advocate and zealous Republi- can. The principal station of the famous " underground railroad" was at his house. He was one of the founders of the Methodist Protestant church of Ogden, and a leading member. Simon Bailey settled in this town in 1835, his family coming from Hartford county. Conn., though he was a native of Windham county. He was the father of eight children. Vroom, Hendrick D., was born in Hunterdon county, N, J., in 1796, and his wife, Maria Beekman, in 1797. They were married in Readington, N. J., December 20, 1820, by Rev. Peter Studdiford, and four years later left their New Jersey home and drove to Ogden, locating where Samuel W. Vroom now lives. The children of these parents were as follows; Peter Q., born February 26, 1822, now at San Francisco, Cal. ; Eliza, born November 15, 1823, who married Amos N. Colby; Henry, born November 7, 1825, now of San Francisco ; Margaret, born July 31 , 1827, who married Servetos Wilmot; Julia M., born August 18, 1835; Ellen J., born December 17, 1837, who died July 28, 1875; Samuel W. , born January 18, 1840; George, born August 16, 1843, who died May 23, 1864. Hendrick D. Vroom died August 8, 1886, and his wife March 18, 1879. Samuel W. Vroom was born on his present farm, educated at Brockport Academy, July 26, 1862, enlisted in Co. B, 108th Regt. He returned to the old farm and has always there resided. Mr. Vroom married. May 24, 1871, Mary J. Tarbox, and had one child, George H., born October 14, 1873. His wife died October 17, 1873, and he married, March 25, 1875, Helen M. Gott, and they have one child, Clifford G., born October 15, 1876. Hallauer, George, was born in Webster, March 30, 1872, and is the youngest son of John W. Hallauer, who came from Switzerland in 1838, and later came to Web- ster, where he has been engaged in farming, and since 1882 has conducted a fruit evaporating business on a large scale, running at the present time in connection with his sons John and George, a factory in Webster, one in Rushville, one in Hulberton. Orleans county, and one at LTtica, Livingston county. Mo., also being part owner and manager of the canning factory at Webster. Newman, J., was born and reared on a farm at Enfield Center, Tompkins county, N. Y. At the age of eighteen he left the farm to learn the trade of cabinet making. In 1854 he went to the city of Brooklyn, N. Y., and engaged in the building business. In 1856 he married Augusta O. Hulse of Fort Hamilton, N. Y. After his marriage he moved to Grand Rapids, Mich., and continued in the building business until the death of his wife five years later. After taking her remains east to her former home for interment, he came to Fairport and engaged in the building business for two years; then he commenced the manufacture and sale of furniture, later taking a partner, and finally selling out to him. In 1866 he married Amy A. Howe, daughter of Dea, Charles Howe of Perinton. In 1873 he purchased the Fairport Herald of G. 48 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. C. Taylor, associating himself with G. T. Frost of Rochester, and continued llic])ub- lication of the Herald up to 1874, then selling out to Mr. Frost, he engaged in the preparation of. flavoring extracts and perfumery, continuing in the same business up to the present time. Mr. Newman favors the cause of Prohibiti(jn, and has filled the office of town clerk and various other positions. Chappel, Guy (deceased), was a native of Great Harrington, liorn April 22, I.SOI. The family were of English extraction, and first settled at New London, C. He was a native of Rhode Island; his mother, also, came from Chenango county. In 182;Jthe family moved to Mendon, where they reared seven children, of whom the oldest son, Jonathan F., died in Pittsford, in 1891, and the youngest daughter, Mrs. Sarah Gib- son, wife of Zorton H. Gibson, died in 1892. Franklin resides in Fairport; Cyrus in Spokane Falls; John in Victor; Mrs. Wm. H. Armstrong in Pittsford. Harrison Olney has lived on the homestead since 1823. He was educated in the Mendon Academy and in Rochester Collegiate Institute. His father died in 1868. Beedle, Zenas Paine, was born in the town of Sweden, January 26, 1822, a son of John Beedle, who was born in Bath, Grafton county, N. H., April :>(), 1798, and re- moved with his parents to Oneida county, N. Y., soon after. In 1807 he, with an older brother, came to the Genesee country, near what is now the village of Perry, and in September, 1809, he with his brother Robert, came to this town and settled on a farm at Sweden Center, later known as the Mark Genne farm. In December, 1817, he married Abigail Bentley, daughter of Samuel Bentley, also of New England birth, with whom he lived for more than fifty-three years. There were born to them eleven children, of whom nine attained adult age, and seven of the latter still survive, and are settled in different sections of the country; he was a prominent and success- ful farmer and a local preacher of the M. E. church; he died in Sweden in 1872, in the seventy-third year of his age, enabled to look back upon a life well spent in labors of love and benevolence in the interest of his fellow men. Zenas Paine Beedle was educated in the common schools of his native town, and in February, 1854, mar- ried Emily O., daughter of Horatio Davis, of Riga, N. Y. Four children were born to them, namely: Walter D., of Pavilion, N. Y. : Carrie L. Day, of Buffalo; John Edward, of Sweden; and Emily A., who died in December, 1874. Choosing farming as an occupation, by industry and frugality has acquired a farm of o\er 200 hundred acres of fertile land, the management of which he has given over to his son, John Ed- ward, and upon which they now reside, which furnishes a competence and comfort in declining years. In 1860 he was elected to the office of justice of the peace, which office he held for twenty-eight years consecutively. He has always taken a lively interest in all enterprises pertaining to good order and improvement in the community, and liberally contributed to all benevolent objects in society, and enjoys the respect and esteem of the community in which he lives. Goss, Hon. George A., one of the foremost figures in the political and social life of I'ittsford, and at present its representative in the county legislature, was born here in 1836. Ephraim Goss, his father, was also a man of much note, and by profession a lawyer. He was a justice for thirty years, county clerk in 1836, justice of sessions, FAMILY SKETCHES. 57 and senator in 1860-61. George was educated at Rochester with the intent of enter- ing his father's profession, but decided upon a mercantile life, and in 1870 he en- gaged in the coal and himber trade m Fairport, the firm being Vanderhoof, Goss & Co. ; later he sold out his interest to his partners, but continued in business at Fair- port for several years on his own account, dealing largely in farm produce. In 1873-3-4 Mr. Goss represented his district in the Assembly, where he was recognized not only as an able legislator, but as a gentleman of sterling character and worth. In 1876-77 he was sergeant-at-arms of the Assembly, and held the same position in the State Senate m 1884-85. Mr. Goss has acceptably and repeatedly filled nearly all the offices within the gift of his townsmen and has been supervisor for twelve years, and chairman of the board in 1876-7-8-9. It is needless to say he is a staunch Republican. In 1880 he married Kate, daughter of Henry Billinghurst of Pittsford. Boyd, Andrew, was born in Ireland August 23, 1838, of Scottish descent, a son of Thomas C. , who came to Port Hope, Canada, in 1845 and later to Brockport, where he engaged in lumbering. Andrew was educated in the common schools, and is a self made man. In May, 1862, he engaged in the flour and feed business and the same year, August 6, enlisted in Co. H, 108th N. Y. Vols., participating in the bat- tles of Antietam, Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Gettysburg, Wilderness, etc., and was wounded on May 10, 1864. He rejoined his regiment in July, receiving the rank of second lieutenant, and of first lieutenant December 9, 1864. February !), 1865, he was commissioned captain and appointed aid-de-camp on General Smythe's staff April 8, 1865. He was in all the battles with the regiment from July, 1864, to the surrender at Appomattox. He was honorably discharged May 28, 1865, and re- turned to Brockport, where he entered the employ of George R. Ward; in 1874, establishing himself in the grocery business, where he has since remained. In 1865 he married Mariette Webster, and their children are George R., Grace P., and Mabel W. Root, Frederick P., was born in Saratoga county, N. Y., October 23, 1814. His father, Aaron, was a native of Hebron, Conn., and the family trace their descent to William Root, who came from England in 1640, settled first in Massachusetts, but removed at an early day to Hartford, Conn. Aaron married Salinda Phelps of Hebron, vs^here both were born and reared. They removed to Carlton, Saratoga county, early in life, but subsequently to Monroe county, where they settled on a farm in the town of Sweden, where their descendants now reside. He died in 1832, at the age of forty-five, leaving a family of eight children. Frederick P., the eldest son and the subject of this sketch, was educated in the common schools, and at the age of eighteen years assumed the management of the fai-m of 300 acres, which by the will of his father was shared equally by his children at maturity. He married, in 1831), Marion E. Phelps, at New London, Conn., who died in 1892, leaving two daughters. He married second Harriet A., daughter of Deacon Wm. White, who settled in the town of Bergen in 1808. Of Frederick P. Root, it may be said that he has been a successful farmer; his farm contains about 700 acres. His experience in farming has given him the reputation of an authority in agricultural matters, as many articles over his name in agricultural papers go to prf)ve. He has also been quite prominent in public affairs of town and State, having been justice of the peace, supervisor five years, assemblyman two years, assessor of internal revenue five years b 58 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. during tlic Civil war. He has also been an active supporter of agricultural societies, and has been distinguished as a supporter of organizations for the elevation of the farming class throughout the county and State. He was one of the originators and organizers of the Farmer's Alliance, and first president of the county and State societies. This association of farmers, originating in Monroe county, extended to other States, until it has a national character of considerable political influence. He was one of the organizers of the association of Co-operative Fire Insurance Com- panies of the State of New York, and first president for five years, and has been president of Monroe County Patrons Fire Relief Association during its existence of seventeen years. Mr. Root has been during his life a liberal supporter of society, and ever ready to respond to the call of public and private charities. Todd, David, was born in Peekskill, Westchester county, April 15, 1820, was edu- cated in the schools of his day, worked on his father's farm until he was twenty- three, and has followed farming ever since. December 6, 1843, he married Eliza Speer, formerly of Michigan. Two children were born to them: Mary F. and Sarah E. Mary F. resides with her father in Rochester. Sarah E. married Thomas P. Pryor of Rochester, and they have four children: Dean T., C. Warrant, Mary F., and Willard L. They reside on the old homestead on the Little Ridge Road, west of Greece village. Mrs. Todd died May 11, 1883. In September, 1887, Mr. Todd re- tired and now resides in Rochester. He has followed a life of sobriety, industry, thrift and good judgment. His father, Wright, was boi-n in Peekskill, February 14, 1798, and married Elizabeth Denike of his native county, born in 1801. They had seven children: David; John, who died recently; Sylvester, who died in Peekskill; Albert, who resides in Ypsilanti, Mich. ; Jackson and Mary A. died on the homestead when young; and Orrm W. The family came to Lyons, Wayne county, in 1826, where they remained seven months, then removed to Greece on the Big Ridge Road farm, where Orrin W. now resides. They have been residents of the town and county sixty-nine years, their first abode having been a log cabin. The grandfather Denike was a soldier in the war of 1812. Wright Todd retired about 1804 and re- sided in Rochester until his deatlr, April 12, 1875; his wife died January 17, 1876. The ancestry of the family is English and Scotch. Graves, Allen S., was born of an old Massachusetts family, who came from New England at an early day, haviiig made an honorable record in the war for indepen- dence. Elias Graves, the grandfather, son of Elias, was the father of nine children. One of these was Francis, who married Sarah A. Palmer, and came to Mendon in 1825. He learned the tanner's trade in Greene county, at the foot of the Catskill Mountains, and was employed by Colonel Edwards, and also by Jacob Graves, at Rochester, as foreman over thirty hands. He bought the farm in Mendon, now oc- cupied by Allen S. Graves and his sister, Mrs. Dennis Desmond. His family con- sisted of .seven children. One brother, Palmer, died at the age of thirty, and there are now in this locality Edwin, Allen, and Mrs. Desmond. The father died in 1869, and the mother in 1874. One daughter died in infancy, and two others, Abi and Lodeema, on reaching womanhood. Allen S. married Catherine Warren, by whom he had one daughter, Lodeema, who died at the age of eight years, the mother dying about two years later. His second wife was Margaret Brady of Parma, by whom there arc one son and four daughters now living: Francis, Emily, Josephine, {'AMILY SKETCHES. 5y Cora Ann, and M. Alnieda, some of whom are teachers of acknowledged alMlity. As regards serving the town, Allen Graves has been chosen twelve consecutive years as assessor. He has been offered the nomination for supervisor by both parties, but declined to accept. Wilcox, Elias (deceased), was born in the town of Rush. May 17, 1800, a son of Stephen, who came from Connecticut about 1803 ; the latter married Dorcas Davis, of the same State, and came from their eastern home with an ox team and wagon, such as pioneers traveled with in those days, and were six weeks on the road. After farming a few years he invested what he had in boating on the Erie Canal, finally losing all by the sinking of his boats, heavily loaded with wheat. Then his son Elias, at the age of twenty one, took charge of the family— a mother and six sisters. He removed to Gaines, Orleans county, and contracted by article for a piece of land, and in a few years became the owner of a beautiful farm of one hundred acres. He sold this for a good sum, and went into the milling business. About this time (1855) he married Jane, the daughter of Samuel B. Perkins, born in Henrietta, Monroe county. After leaving milling he moved into Lockport and engaged in the brokerage business for three years. He then removed to Avon Springs and .settled on a fine twenty acre lot just south of West Avon, remaining there two years. Having an opportunity to sell at a bargain, he returned to Monroe county and retired from active business, having accumulated a handsome property by indomitable persever- ance and close management, never having received three months' .schooling; having a head for business, he was often consulted by men of learning, at one time sueing the State and gaining his point. He always took a prominent part, in town and county affairs, and died in 1890, in his eighty-fourth year. His widow and two chil- dren survive him — Elias and Jennie D. , still residents of Brockport. Martin, Henry R. — The father of our subject, James K. Martin, was born in Rens- selaer county, N. Y. , and his mother, whose maiden name was Bristol, came from the same place. In March, 1819, they removed from Rensselaer county to Riga, in what is now the town of Chili, near Black Creek. The journey was made with one team and wagon, containing seven persons and the household goods of two families. The journey occupied two weeks. The ne.xt winter Mr. Martin returned to Rens- selaer county for his widowed mother and two younger brothers, making the weari- some journey on foot in six days. Unfortunately for Mr. Martin, the locality where he had first settled, on Black Creek, was very low and unhealthy, and he and his family were all sick with the ague and fever during the summer; in August every one was sick. Later in the fall they partially recovered their health, and Mr. Martin began to look about for some means to earn food for his family. He had no money and could not get money for his work. He found, however, that he could work for his uncle, Judge Sibley, chopping wood for one-half bushel of wheat per day's work. He worked sixteen days for which he received eight bushels of wheat, which he had to thresh and clean, and then by taking it to the village of Rochester he could get two shillings per bushel. In all he worked nineteen days for eight bushels of wheat, which he sold for two dollars. These were the hardest times he found. In January, 1821, Mr. Martin removed from Black Creek to the town of Rush, renting a farm of James Wadsworth, which he occupied for four successive years. In three years he began to gather things about him, and in 1825 he purchased and moved on a tract of 60 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. one luindred acres, of which only four or five were cleared. This he cleared and im- proved with his own hands and gained property very slowly by the most rigid econ- omy. He resided on this farm till the day of his death, doing much hard work and never engaging in any speculation. As his family grew around him he purchased more land, and in course of time all were settled on farms adjoining or near his own. He had a large family — eight sons and five daughters. Mr. Martin was for many years and until his death in 1870 a member of the Christian church at North Rush, and in which he was chosen one of the deacons. Previous to his death one son, Joseph, and one daughter, Fannie (Mrs. Martin Norris), had died. Since then Lorenzo, Stephen B., and Charles E. have died. The remaining children are Elvira, Lydia. James, Cathenne, Clarrissa, Killian, Henry R. , and Ward. The youngest, Ward, is living on the homestead, and Killian and Henry R. are on adjoining farms. Henry R. married Louisa Collins. They have had seven children, five of whom are living. Their names are Elvira P., James R., Mary L., Carrie A., and Lucelia A. Ketcham, Joseph H., was born in Rensselaer county, September 9, 1820, and is the .son of Joseph, who was born in the same place August 12, 1777, and died May 6, 1856; he came to Macedon and later to Perinton, where he died. Joseph H. came to Webster in 1839, and has resided at West Webster most of the time since. His grandfather was Daniel Ketcham, who came in at an early day from England. Joseph IL married in 1844 Lucy M., daughter of Nelson and Sally Ann Smith. Glasser, John M., is the son of Anthony Crlasser, born in New York. In 1848 they moved to Sullivan county, N. Y. , where his father bought a tract of woodland, which they cleared and made of it a fine country home. In the meantmie Mr. Glasser be- came interested in woodwork, and came to Rochester in 187U and learned the wood- carving trade, at which he worked until 1884. He then came to West Webster and bought the hotel property there, which they remodeled and added to until it was a first class hostelry, the proprietors being Glasser & Sailer. Mr. Glasser married Louisa Gabel, the daughter of Jacob Gabel of Rochester, and they have three sons and one daughter, Walter. Emil, John and Emma. Stayman, George, is a son of Isaac, and he a son of John, who came from Pennsyl- vania in 1805 and settled in North Mendon ; he reared a large family, most of the children going West. Isaac married Emma, daughter of Daniel Faulkner, of an English family. They had one son, George A., born in 1853, his mother dying three years after in 1856. He was placed in the care of an uncle, Henry Ilobden, to be brought up, and here he remained fourteen years. He then worked by the month until his marriage in 1874 to Emogene, daughter of David Smith, one of the principal farmers of the town. Mr. Stayman bought the Peter Shaw farm the same year, which he has made into a hand.some home. He has three children: Allie E., Frank D., and Daisie C. In 1H93 he was elected commissioner for three years on the Re- publican ticket and re-elected in 1895 on the same ticket. The family have always supported the Presbyterian church, John Stayman having been one of the founders of the East Mendon church. Baird, Byron, the youngest of a family of eight children of the late Bedeiit and Catherine (Quackenbush) Baird, was born near the site of his present home, Decem- ber 1, 1830. His father was born at Monmouth, N. J., and settled here about 1819. FAMILY SKETCHES. Ot Bedent Baird was a man of unusual mental attainments, and l)eeame in mature years an important social and political factor in Perinton. The writer inspected various school exercises in mathematics executed by hini when but twelve years of age, some of which bore date January 24, 1802, which are models of chirographic art, and attest a scholarship far beyond the average of that day. Some of their children attained mature years. Of the two still living— Byron and Samuel— Byron has spent his life near his birthplace, erecting thereon a new and modern residence. Samuel spent several years of his early manhood in Rochester, where he studied for the bar. He is now a resident of Lowell, Wash. The family is of Scotch ancestry. Byron mar- ried in 1857 Imogene Mattison, daughter of Truman Mattison, born in Bennington, Vt, the son of Isaiah Mattison, a Baptist clergyman. Wilcox, Glezen F., was born April 8, 1836, on the farm where he now lives in Per- inton, Monroe county. His ancestors came from old to New England, and later to Western New York. His grandparents on both sides settled in Ontario county in the later years of the last century, taking up and improving into farms tracts of land from the unbroken wilderness. In 183-i William Wilcox, the father of the subject of this sketch, purchased the farm on which his youngest son, Glezen, was born, and which has ever since been his home. Mr. Wilcox received a liberal education at the .schools of Lima and Rochester and at Heidelberg, Germany. At the age of twenty- one he traveled widely in the British Islands, France, Germany and Italy, on foot, with knapsack and staff, walking more than three thousand miles. From these journeymgs sprang a series of descriptive letters under the title of "Europe Afoot and Alone," contributed to Moore's Rural New Yorker, which attracted wide and favorable attention. Returning to his home after a couple of years, Mr. Wilcox set. tied down to the business of farming. In 1861 he married Adeline C. , daughter of W. K. Goodrich of Fairport. Their only child, Glezen G., was born October 13, 1868. Mr. Wilcox continued his literary works as a contributor to several journals on rural topics, and also published many .sketches of "Boat and Tent Life" in the northern wilderness and on the great lakes. For several years from 1865 he was as- sociated with D. D. T. Moore as editor of the Rural New Yorker, then published in Rochester. When that paper was removed to New York Mr. W. declined to follow, and severed his connection with it. In 1871, with A. A. Hopkins he established the Rural Home, a rural and literary journal, in Rochester, but at the end of a year dis- posed of his interest in the paper, and retired from active newspaper work. Mr. W. has been active in public affairs, serving as administrator of estates, as assessor and supervisor, and has been a candidate of a minority ])arty for the Legislature. He is an Independent in politics, and a supporter and trustee of the Baptist church. Schummers, F. F., Fairport, N. Y., dealer in hardware, stoves, paints, agricultu- ral tools and plumbing, was born in Paris, France, in 1847. His father, Francis Schummers, was a cabinent-maker and came to America in 1849, locating first in New York city, and later engaged in farming in Lowville, Lewis county, N. Y., until 1872, when he removed to Perinton where he lived with his son until his death, which occurred March 30, 1895, at the age of eighty-four years, his wife, iLirgaret, having died October 12, 1890. F. F. Schummers was educated at Lowville Acad- emy and State Normal School of Pennsylvania, and for a time taught school. In 1872 he bought a farm in this town, where he remained eighteen years. In 1890 he 6i tANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. established himself in the hardware business in Fairport, where he stands at the head in that hne. In 1870 he married Frances, daughter of the well-known banker and philanthropist, Jeremiah Chadwick, and his children are Sabin C, Margreta, Irmagarde and Gladys. MacLachlan, Hugh, was born in Glasgow, Scotland, July 0, 1850. His father was Hugh MacLachlan, a native of Invernesshire, Scotland, and was one of the old Gaelic stock. Hugh, jr., came to America in 1870 and settled in Brockport, engag. ing in the carpenter's trade in 1874, and later in the dairy business. In 1877 he entered the employ of the Johnston Harvester Co., with whom he remained until they were burned out. In 1887 he established his present business as dealer in coal, wood and fertilizers, handling about [;5,000 tons of coal annually. In 1873 he mar- ried Rliza, daughter of John Wilson, and their children are Sybella T., E. Helen, and Flora C. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. Scnbner, Albert G., was born at Andover, Merrmiac county, N. H., on February 1, 1804. His ancestors on both the paternal and maternal sides were FnglLsh, and both came to Massachusetts in the early part of the seventeenth century. Mr. Scribner was the sixth son of a family of thirteen children ; leaving home at an early age he learned the trade of shoemaking, and followed that trade for several years in New Hampshire and Massachusetts. In 1823 he came to Monroe county, N. Y., in company with his brother-in-law, John W. Sweet, locating in the town of Ogden, working at his trade for a number of years. In 1883 he married Matilda Colby, a daughter of Isaac Colby, who settled in the town of Ogden in 1802. In 1834 Mr. Scribner turned his attention to farming, working and owning several farms; he linally purchased the farm located on the hill, one-half mile east of the Town Pump, where he resided until his death in 1893, (in his ninetieth year), Mrs. Scribner having died in 1885, at the age of seventy-six. Mr. Scribner held several town offices, and was one of the company that built and for a time operated a store at the Town Pump. Mr. and Mrs. Scribner were both members of the Baptist Church. The children were Oilman A., of Iowa; Harvey I., of South Dakota; David, who died aged three years; Moses, who died in infancy; and Henry D., who owns and occu- pies the home place. Mr. Scribner prospered in his business life, and gave two of his sons a collegiate education, and assisted his children in starting in life. Henry D. was born iJecember 7, 1849, received his education at Rochester and Dansville, studied telegraphy and spent several years in Kansas and California; in 1874 he was called home to care for his father and mother in their old age. In 188G he married Barbara A. Scott, a daughter of Adam Scott, of West New Brighton, Staten Island, N. Y. ; they have one child, Albertine. Mr. and Mrs. Scribner are both members of the Ogden Center Presbyterian church. Starkweather, Chauncey G., was born in Otsego county in 1840, a son of Chaun- cey Ci., sr., who was a native of Connecticut, and a blacksmith and farmer, coming to Brighton in 1801, where he was successfully engaged in a seed growing business. His wife was Mary W. Bardon of Connecticut, and their children Chauncey G. and Jerry. He died in Florida in 1894, where he had gone for his health. His wife died in Brighton in 1880. Our subject is a popular leader and representative man, a supervisor, and one of the managers of the Rochester State Hospital. He began FAMILY SKETCHES. 63 forhimselt, learning the patternmaker's trade in Chester county, I'a., at which he worked four years. In 18(58 he enlisted in Co. G, 124th Pa. Vols., and served nine months, participating in the battles of Antietam and other engagements, receiving a slight wound. He was then in the government employ two years at Chattanooga, Tenu. In IHiiii he came to this town and engaged in the seed growing business with his father and brother, and four years later bought out their interest in the farm, where he has since been extensively engaged in seed growing. For many years he has taken a leading part in local politics, and in 1864 he was chosen as one of the building committee of the new Rochester court-house, which is in the course of erec- tion at the present time; and in 1895 he was appointed by Governor Morton f)ne of the managers of the Rochester State Hospital. He is a Master Mason of Valley Lodge, Rochester. In 1867 he married Emily L., daughter of Zachariah and Klva S. (Hill) Lewis, and they have one child, Lewis C. , and Albert J. Fish, a nephew, whom they brought up from a child. His parents, Judson and Alvira Fish, died when he was but five years old. Zachariah Lewis was a pioneer of Brighton before 1813, in which war he participated. Glea.son, Benjamm F., was born ui Jerusalem, Yates county, January 13, 1840, a son of Joseph, born in Lockport, who removed in 1830 to Yates county, and later to Michigan. The latter was a carpenter and builder, and married Maria Smith. Ben- jamin F. Gleason was educated in the common schools. August 36, 1863, he enlisted m Co. F, 148th N. Y. Vols., and participated in all the battles of the James. He was honornbly discharged at the close of the war, and returning home took up the manufacture of carriages at Potter, Yates county, soon after. In 1875 he came to Brockport and engaged in the undertaking business, which he continued up to 1884. In 1881 he patented the Gleason Embalming Board, and is now giving his entire attention to its manufacture. In 1860 he married Emma L. Reed, who died in 1869. In 1877 he married Alice Bordwell. Our subject is one of the representative men of his town, having served as president of the village, trustee, supervisor, etc. Hovey, Cassius M., was born ni Clarkson, February 1, 1845, a son of Ebenezer Hovey, who was born in Bloomfield, this county, October 4, 1807, and came to Clarkson in 1835, where he engaged in farming. In 1833 he married Nancy A., daughter of Capt. Charles Treat, who was a soldier of the War of 1812. By refer- ence to a genealogy of the Treat family, which dates back 150 years, it is learned that Nancy A. is a descendant of James Treat, who was a brother of Richard and Robert Treat, immigrants to Milford or Weathersfield, Conn., from England, about the year 1638. They afterwards became prominent in important affairs of the col- ony at a time when it was seeing its darkest days through threats and plots of usur- pation, etc., by the Indians and Dutch settlers. The colonists admiring the ability of Robert Treat as a statesman and jurist, elected him from time to time to minor offices up to the year 1676, when he was made deputy governor, holding the office until 1683, when, owing to his popularity, he was elected governor, which office he filled until 1698, when, on account of the arduous duties and his advancing age, he resigned ; but so thoroughly was he appreciated by the people that they again elected him deputy governor, which office he reluctantly accepted, and held it until his death, making a total of more than thirty years that he served as governor and dep- 64 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. uty ijovernoi to the full satisfaction of the colonists. James and Richard were his counselors in all matters of importance touching upon the affairs of the colony. Re- turning to Ebenezer Hovey, of him it may be said, that prompted by his iron will and strong muscle, he decided to carve out a home in the forest, and accordingly purchased a farm of eighty acres in Clarkson in 1832, on which there were no im- provements save a log hut. In this humble dwelling, surrounded by massive oaks, he and his bride took up their residence, feeling that if it was gloomy and deficient in accommodations, it was not second to those of other pioneers. By industry and perseverance he succeeded in clearmg his land, which advanced in value to such an extent that he sold it to a good profit, and bought another tract, and so continued, until he had accumulated quite a fortune, which he left to his widow and seven chil- dren at his death, which occurred in Clarkson, in March, 1888, in his seventy-sixth year. Cassius M. Hovey, the subject and author of this sketch, was one of his seven children. He was educated at Holley Academy and Brockport Collegiate Institute, graduating from the latter June 23, 1866, after which he taught school several terms in Monroe county and Berrien county, Mich. , being licensed by State superintend- ents of public instruction. In 1869 he married in Brockport, Orra, daughter of An- drew Johnson, and settled in the following spring on his father's farm in Sweden, just outside of the corporation line of Brockport, a farm he now owns and conducts. They have had the following children: Fred Clay, who was educated at Brockport State Normal School and Rochester Business University, graduating from both with honor in 1891 and 1892 respectively, after which he was bookkeeper one j'ear for Sib- ley, Lindsey & Curr and Court Street Bridge Company, and was afterwards chosen manager of Spencer's Business Colleges at Yonkers and Kingston, N. Y. , remaining until 1894, when he became principal of Schencctadj- Business College, which posi- tion he now holds; and Ida May, who is now attending school in Clarkson. Aldrich, J. G., was born in Egypt, near the site of his present home, April 11, 1819. He was born in a log house erected by his father, the late George Aldrich, very early in the century. George was of Massachusetts birth, and married Mary Potter, whose father, Noel Potter, was an ensign in the navy in the Revolution. The first job printing done in this locality was by Josiah Aldrich, who about 1869 became the pos- .sessor of press and type. The first executed by him was the "Know-Nothing" tickets His office was destroyed by.fire in 1886. Mr. Aldrich has always been a farmer, but served sixteen successive years as justice of the peace, as supervisor in 1866-67, and at the present writing he is again a justice. He has one son, Adelbert E., by his first wife, Margaret Wood, now deceased. His second wife, al.so deceased, was Samantha Springer. In 1892 he married Miss Julia Potter. Among the early chronicles we find mention of a baby show held in 1819, perhaps the first on record, at which Mr. Aldrich took first prize for beauty. In the fall of 1803 Solomon Aldrich and his oldest son, Adolphus, then about sixteen years old, left on foot their home in Ashfield, Mass., to visit a cousin, who had left Ashfield and located in Macedon, Wayne county, some two years before. In the spring they walked back, sold their place there, and with an emigrant wagon drawn by a yoke of oxen, removed to Macedon. He soon after bought a farm in the wilderness, made some improvements, sold it, and in 1806 bought and eventually cleared up a farm in Perinton, that borders on the west line of Wayne county, known as the "Aldrich Hill" farm. Solomon FAMILY SKETCHE§. 65 lived to a ripe old age and died on this place, as did also liis son Adolphus. His second son, George, in 1816, bought and moved on the farm now occupied by J. (">■ Aldrich, which joins the old homestead. George was married in 1817. Mr. J. (1. Aldrich has one brother, Noel P. A., who entered the Post-office Dei)artment at Washington, D. C, in 1882, and had one sister, now deceased. His grandfather was a Revolutionary soldier, and was present at the execution of Major Andre. Matthews, Irving E.— In 1817 Edward Matthews, a native of North Wales, Europe, settled on the farm in the southwestern part of the town, still owned by his descend- ants. He removed here from the town of Seneca, Ontario county, N. Y., having emigrated from Europe at an unknown date. He died in 1824 at the age of sixty- three, leaving a widow and three children: John and Margaret by his first wife, and Elias by his second. His widow, Mary, lived to the advanced age of eighty-four, dying in 1850. Elias Matthews was eleven years old when his parents settled here in 1817, and his life was spent upon the farm, becoming in mature years a prominent figure m the social life of the town, being a major in the local militia, and active Whig in politics, and was a member of the county legislature at the time of his death in 1851.. In 1829 he married Mehitable Ann, daughter of Charles Kinter, one of the earliest settlers in the town, and she survived her husband six years. Three children were the result of this union : Mary E. , Edward C. and Wirt. Wirt Matthews was born February 25, 1838, and has always resided upon the farm, being an active mem- ber of the Republican party and a highly esteemed citizen. He married in 1861, Ellen M., daughter of George W. Brown, of Henrietta, Mr. and Mrs. Matthews are members of the Presbyterian church of this town. Their only son, Irving E., born in 1865, is a civil engineer. He received his education at the common schools of the town, the Rochester Business University, and the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, from which he graduated in 1887 with the degree of C. E. He has practiced his pro- fession here and in the West, and was connected with the Rochester water-works during the construction of the new conduit from Hemlock Lake, in 1893-94. In 1887 he married Hattie A. Hodges, of Henrietta, and has one son, Stanley W. Slocum, George E,. was born in Pompey, Onondaga county, June 20, 1824, a son of MathewB., a native of Newport, R. I. Anthony Slocum is recorded as one of the forty-six first ancient purchasers, in 1637, of the territory of Cohannet, which was incorporated March 3, 1639, with the name of Taunton, in New Plymouth, now Massachusetts. He came from England with three -sons and a daughter, and his- oldest son, Giles, is the common ancestor of the Slocum family in America. Mathew B., father of the subject, removed to Albany, N. Y., where he married in 1814, Mary, daughter of John Ostrander of Albany, and three years later he settled in Delphi. Onondaga county, where he became a merchant. He died in August, 1853, while visiting in Scottsville. His wife died in Syracuse in 1865. Of their eleven chil- dren, George E. was the fifth. Major-general Henry W. Slocum, of war fame, was the next younger brother. Mr. Slocum dwelt in Cortland from 1839 to 1843, and from 1843 to 1849 in the city of Rochester, where he worked at his trade of tinsmith. In 1849 he removed to Scottsville, Monroe county, where he was actively and suc- cessfully engaged in the hardware, stove and tinware business. In 1892 he retired and left the business in the hands of his son, Le Roy. He has served as justice and .66 I>.\XDMAJiKS OF MONROE COUNTY. assessor. In !S4S he married Lydia A., daughter of Garrett and Alice M. (Mors) Fort, and their children are Karl H., George F"., Le Roy M. and Mors O. Clark, Brackett H., was born in Salem, Mass., January IT, 1821, was educated in the common schools and graduated from the high school. In 1847 he married Lu- cretia Bowker of his native place, whose mother was a direct descendant from John Rogers, the martyr. They have had three children: Frank H., who died in infancy; Daniel R., bf)rn April 10, 18.");5, who is a member of the Clark Paint & Oil Company. He married Helon Ross, of Rossburg, and has two daughters, Helene, and Lucretia R. The youngest son, George H., is a book-keeper by occupation, and has traveled extensively in Europe for the benefit of his health. He was born in this city Octo- ber 14, I.SOO, and resides at home. Mr. Clark left his home in Salem, going to Law- rence, Mass., in 1846, where he became identified with the business interests of that city, building the first three-story brick business block in the town. He came to this city in 1858, where he has resided continuously on Lake Avenue for thirty-six years, and has been identified with the city's best interests. He is secretary of the East- man Kodak Company, having been identified with the company from its organization, as well as in other corporations. Mr. Clark has seen the city grow from 45, ()()() to 160,000 and has contributed his share to its prosperity. The family are of English extraction. Goodridge, Jo.seph H., was born in Ogden, December 6, 1835, a son of Albert, a native of Westminster, Vt., who came to Monroe county in 1829. The later married Amanda Wright, daughter of Elihu Wright. Albert was a pioneer of Vermont, and a man of high character and integrity, who died in 1882 in his seventy-eighth year. Joseph H. was educated in the public schools, and was a teacher for several terms, and in 1868 married Betsey, daughter of William P. Strong. They have one daughter, Carolyn B. Goodridge. Joseph H. is a practical and successful farmer, actively interested in the affairs of his town and county. Brown, Capt. Samuel, who was one of the pioneers of Ogden, earned his title as owner and commander of an American privateer during the war of 1812. He was run down and captured by a British cruiser and carried to England, where he was held prisoner till the end of the war. His property was swept away by the war, and in 1815 he left his home in Maine and came to the Genesee country, settling in Ogden. Here be married 'Miss Mercy Kelsey, the belle of a New Hampshire village, who could spin more flax than any other young miss in the locality. They had five chil- dren: John, James and William, and two who died young. William went to Michi- gan early, James at a later date, and John resided on the old farm until he bought where bis son Ely now lives. He married Fanny Hnnn, of an old Henrietta family, and has had three children S. Ely, Lydia, and Julia E., the latter the wife of H. J. Dignin. John Brown died in February, 1890, and his widow survives. Samuel Ely Brown, known as one of Ogden's enterprising farmers, and straight-forward men, was born July 28, 1846, and has always followed agriculture. In 1877 he married Alice Alderman of Tyrone, N. Y. Mrs. Brown is an artist of more than ordinary talent. Nichols, Barnabas A., was a native of Ogden, born in 1806, the son of Lewis Nich- ols, one of the pioneers of the town. Barnabas is remembered as one of the early t'AMrLY SKETCHES. G7 carpenters of this locality and also as a man of prominence in local affairs, though he never sought political advancement. With Alvin Webster, he built the M.' E. Church ■ at Adams Basin, and was one of its devoted members. Mr. Nichols married Sarah Allerton, and had eight children: Frances, who married Prof. F. B. Palmer; John B., who enlisted in Co. G, 1:5th N. Y. Vols., and was wounded at the first battle of Bull Run, captured, and died in a rebel prison; Mary I., who married Caleb Hurl- butt; William P., of Rochester; Lydia A., wi^e of 0.smar Nevins; Edwin D., and Ambrose E. Barnabas Nichols died in 18C2. Edwin D. was born December 8, 1852, educated at the old Parma Academy, and engaged on his father's farm for a time after the latter's death. For a time he was engaged with J. S. Bowen, erecting evaporators, and carried on quite an extensive business. Mr. Bowen was one of the pioneers in the apple evaporating industry in the State. He died in Spencerport December 27, 1886. In 1881 Mr. Nichols married Ada, daughter of John S. and Eu- nice J. Bowen, and they have one child, Bennie Earl. Yorks, William R., was born in Smithtown, in what is now Livingston countv, in 1829. His father, John B., was also born there in 1S(I2, his ancestors being New Jersey people. His paternal grandfather, Eldrick Yorks, had a farm, a mill, and a distillery at Smithtown, and was in the war of 1812. The wife of John B. was a Miss Martin of that town, the family having come from Connecticut. John B. and his father moved to Honeoye Falls in 18B5. He established a foundry and machine shop, with his two sons, Elias and William as partners. He was an active politician in his day, and held various town and county offices, his death occurring in 1881. His wife died in 1865. William R. Yorks has resided in Honeoye Falls since a small boy, and grew up to his father's business. He married Phoebe Hurlbutt, her father a Vermont man, and a printer of Rochester, and her mother coming from the Mo- hawk country. Their five children are William K., who married a Miss Warner and lives in Lima; Henry, who married Cora Scottof Mendon ; Fannie, Emma, and May, all living in Honeoye Falls. The business after the father's death came to Elias and William, and in 1891 to the latter alone. It has long had a good reputation for its plows, cultivators, etc. Harris, Erastus T., son of John, was born in Victor and was the son of William. The family came from New Jersey. John lived in Perinton for some time, came to Mendon at about thirty-five years of age, and remained on the Townsend farm until his death in 1878. His wife was Rachel A., daughter of Joseph B. Townsend, he a son of Zebulon, who came to Mendon in 1811, settling in the northwest part of the town on the place now occupied by our subject. John and Rachel Harris had one son, Erastus, Mrs. Harris was born on the farm of her father, and died there in March, 1894. Erastus married Georgia, daughter of Timothy Howland, of Macedon. Wayne county, and they have two daughters, Carrie E. and Mabel H. Hodskin, Egbert L., supervisor of Perinton, and senior partner of the firm of Hod- skin &• Peacock, druggists, was born in Perinton RLiy 15, 18:W, the second son of the late Perrin and Maria (Vinton) Hodskin. An elder brother. Charles H., was a cap- tain of infantry in the late war, and is now a resident of Manistee, Mich., and is pres- ident of the Boom & Lumber Company of that place. Mr. Hodskin's business life began as freight agent at the Fairport depot, which po.sition he filled eight years, 63 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COtJNTY. and in 18G8 boui^hl an interest in the druji business, four years later forming a co- l)artnership with Charles L. Peacock, which still exists. He has served as trustee and president of tlie village, and in 1890 was elected supervisor. Of genial person- , ality and strict integrity, his record as a man and a citizen is to be envied. In 1869 he married IClizabeth A., daughter of William M. Butler of Newark. Their only son, Bert (i., died in 188S, when but eighteen years of age. Vannest, James C, son of John Vannest, born in Washington, Warren county, N. J., November 10, 1802; came to Rochester in 183(!, where he lived about a year, then moved to Ogden. where he cleared up a farm, having married Lucy Grunendike of Chdi, September 2(5, 18i7, who died January '■), 1858. Their children were John, Sarah and Henry. For his second wife, he married AlmiraMcMaster, of Burgh Hdl, Ohio, April 9, 1862, and moved to Ogden Center, where she died December 18, 1869, and he June 27, 1890. He and all his family have been active members of theOgden Presbyterian church. John, born Aug. 1, 1828, married Cornelia Pratt of Batavia, De- cember 17, 18r)2, settled on a farm adjoining his father's and died January 12, 1890, survived by his wife and two daughters, Ella C. and S. Lucretia (,Mrs. Alex. Colby), Ada C. and James P. having died in childhood. Sarah, born January 30, 1881, was active during the Civil war in work of the Soldiers' Aid Society, after which she spent two years in (Georgia, teaching in colored schools, and since then has lived at Ogden Center, having cared for her father in his declining years. Henry, born Mai'ch 15, 1834, has always lived on the home farm. He married Julia E. Keney of West Hartford. Conn., November 25, 1858, who died July 5, 1861 , married Anna L. 1 )rake of Greece, October 31, 1866. Their children are Charles H., of Rochester, l^'rank D. and Fred (i. (twins), at home. May, Mrs. Jane A. — In 1777, at Hadley, Mass., was born John Acer, son of Will- iam Acer, who was one of the first people to make a home in this locality, and whose descendants occupy a leading position in the early annals of Pittsford. John Acer was especially prominent in village affairs, being a man of public spirit and broad views. lie at one time owned 100 acres, the northeastern corner of which laud is now the intersection of Monroe and Main streets. In 1826 he built the Phoenix Ho- tel, a building noteworthy for an architectural excellence far in advance of the time, and still the Icadnig hotel of the village. His wife was Hannah Whipple, daughter of a sea captain, by whom he had seven children, of whom Mrs. Jane May was the youngest, and is now the sole survivor. In 1848 she married Col. L. S. May, who was born in 1817 in Washington county, and has been one of the leading merchants and a large manufacturer and refiner. Colonel and Mrs. May are now living retired in the old Acer mansion in Pittsford. They have one daughter, Mary May, and a grandson, Henry May, now a student at Hobart College, and a young man of much promise. Johnson, Fi^mk P., was born in Brockport January 24, 1856, a son of William E. , born in 1816 and who came to the Genesee country with his parents, who settled in what is now Hamlin. The family were of English extraction. William E. married Nancy IL, daughter of William Burrows, and was always identified with the car- riage manufacturing business, also with farming. Frank P. was educated at the Brockport Normal School, and in 1880 entered the employ of the firm of L. Gordon FAMILY SKETCHES. 6d & Son, and at the present time has charge of their lumber business in the village of Brockport. In 1893 our subject married Laura, daughter of Nathaniel Fulford, and they have one child, Helen Dorothy. Mr. Johnson has served as vestryman of St. Luke s Episcopal church, director of the First National Bank, and various ofhces of high trust. Hodges, George H., whose farm southeast of Spencerport is regarded as one of the best in the town, was born November 28, 1804, and has always followed agriculture. In 1875 he bought the Chase farm of seventy acres, and here his life has been spent. In 1884 Mr. Hodges married Judith, daughter of Hon Josiah Rich, and they have had two children. George H. was the son of George P. Hodges, the latter born January 3, 1807, and his mother was Mary A. Day, born July 25, 1811. They were married in 1832, and came to the Genesee country from Rutland, Vt., setthng in Ogden about 1837. Mr. Hodges followed hotel keeping in Vermont, and in Ogden engaged in farming. He died August 1, 1873, and his wife August 21, 1877. Burns, John D., was born in New York city, March 9, 1854. His father, John, was a native of Bath, England, who came to this country in 1853, with his wife, Maria, daughter of John Marshall, and in 1855 located in Brockport. He enlisted in Co. H, 108th Regt. N. Y. Vols, and served four years. John B. was educated at the Brock- port State Normal School, and afterwards taught .school four years. In 1874 he be- gan the study of law in the ofltice of Major John Norris, of BufiPalo, and was admitted to the bar in 1877, beginning practice in Brockport, which he still continues. In 1883 he married Clara E., daughter of George H. vSmith, and they have one son, George. Our subject is a leading member of the Monroe county bar, and takes an active in- terest in town affairs, having been a member of the Local Board of the Brockport State Normal School for the past six years. Flagg, Henry S. , son of the pioneer, Samuel Flagg, was born in Ogden Septem- ber 9, 1810, and was a successful farmer, having accumulated a good property. He married Catharine E. Gridley (died March 3, 1891), and their children were Helen, who died young; Henry S., of Ogden; Sarah K., wife of Charles C. Smith; and Stephen G. Mr. Flagg died March 4, 1887. Stephen G. Flagg was born August 13, 1841, and like his father has followed agriculture. Novembef 25, 1863, he mar- ried Frances A. Whittier, and they have had six children, five of whom are living. Mr. Flagg was elected asses.sor, but declined to qualify, he did however, consent to serve as license commissioner. He lives upon the farm upon which his father moved in 1832. Martin, James, an old and well-known resident of Wheatland, was born in Rush, Monroe county, in 1830. His father was James K., of Rensselaer county, one of eight sons and three daughters of Killian and Millicent (Sibley) Martin. James K. was a farmer by occupation, came to Rush in 1821, and died there in 1871. He was a prosperous farmer, and provided all his children with farms. His wife was Fannie Hempstead Bristol, and they had eight sons and five daughters. James began life at the age of twenty-four in the town of Henrietta. Twelve years later he bought and removed to his father-in-law's homestead of 225 acres in Wheatland, where he has since resided. In 1856 he married Martha J., daughter of Calvin and Katurah 10 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Miller of Vermont and Saratoga county respectively. She was born on the farm where she now lives in 1885. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have had five children: Martha (deceased), Mrs. Sarah Giles of Livingston county, Mrs. Mary E. Tunison of Chili, Emma J. and James C. The Jatter conducts the farm, and has two children. Eldred, Franklin, is a son of Joseph Eldred, who settled in Webster atan early day, and Cyrena Ani\-, whose father was also one of the early settlers; he married Zer- uiah, daughter uf Nathan Ballard, who was one of the early settlers, having come here in the year 1812. Franklin Eldred has two sons, Arthur L. and Franklin N. , and three daughters, Mrs. E. J. Wells. , Miss Carrie M. Eldred, and Mrs. B. M. Fos- ter. Joseph Eldred came to Webster in the year 1815. October 7, 1823, he married Miss Cyrena Amy, then eighteen years old, and went to keeping house on the town line between Webster and Ontario. There he erected two mills, and an extract from his diary reads: " On the night of the 18th of October, 1824, the mills which I erected with so much care, pains and labor, and just brought to a state that would afford me some profit, were consumed by fire, together with the old saw mill and barn, and about sixteen tons of hay, on which was my principal dependence for the winter." He was also inventor of the spirit level, now so much in use. Davis, G. W., is a son of Isaac Davis, of Welsh ancestry, and Eleanor Laird Davis, of Scotch ancestry, who were born and lived in Monmouth county N. J., until Martji, 1824, when they bought and moved on to a farm in the town of Walworth, Wayne county, N. Y., remaining there clearing up and improving the land until 18G8, when he sold the farm and moved into the village of West Walworth, where remained until his death at the age of ninety-two years. (Gilbert W. is the only son of ten children. He was born in Walworth, January 13, 1825. At the age of twenty-five he married Miss Zillah M. Gage (jf Penfield, Monroe county, and began farming which he fol- lowed in various places until 1853, when he bought and moved on to the farm where he now lives. Mrs. Davis died May 17, 1S91, leaving an only child, Mary L. Davis. Cross, Elam A., was born in Parma August 31, 1842. a son of Luman and Mary Ann (Raymond) Cross, whose grandfather was Elihu Cross, a pioneer of this town. The children of Luman Cross were James A., Elam A., Julia F., Ira L., and one who died young. Mr. Cross died in Parma in 1883, and his wife in 187(). At the age of twenty Elam began for himself, and spent some little time in Michigan. Returning to Parma he lived for ten years upon a farm. In 187G the firm of Cross & Eraser, general store, was formed, and continued at Unionville about three j'ears, when Mr. Cross retired, and with David King began the manufacture of fertilizers, etc., and soon became sole proprietor. This still continues, and is regarded as one of the fixed interests of the town. Mr. Cross has also during all these years dealt extensively in beans, which he buys and ships, and during the past eight years this has been his principal business, although having other enterprises under his charge. Mr. Cross served as supervisor (1880-83, 1889-91), was postmaster at North Parma about six years, and was the first president of the village. He had a successful business career, notwithstanding one misfortune, having lost heavily by the burning of his farm buildings. He married Mary A. Plass, and they have had five children, three now living. Kempe, Dr. Julius, was born in Boston, Mass., in 1843. He received an academic FAMILY SKETCriES. 71 education, and studied medicine in the Albau)- Medical College, from which he grad- uated in 1868. He afterwards practiced in Milwaukee, Wis., and came to Roch- ester in 1873, where he is now practicing his profession with eminent success. He is a member of the Monroe County Medical Society, of the Pathological Society of Roch- ester, and one of the surgical staflf of the Rochester City Hospital. In 1872 he mar- ried Belle Hargrave of Ripon, Wis., and they have two children, Walter G. and Belle, both students. Van Ingen, Bart, was born in the Hague in Holland in 1833, came to America in 1853, and married in 1864 a daughter of Abraham Martin, by whom he had fivesons: Benson, who has conducted the home farm since his father's death in 1868; (Jy.sbert, Henry, Arthur, and Willis. Mrs. Van Ingcn's mother was a daughter of John Man- deville, who came to Webster in 1812 from Middleburg, and was a .son of John first, who came from Holland. Thayer, Preston, was born in Ontario in 1820, and is the son of Aldrich Thayer, who came from Macedon in early life, and now resides in Ontario at the advanced age of ninety-four. In 1841 Mr. Thayer married Clarissa, daughter of Eliphalet Law- rence, who died in 1877. and they had five children, as follows: William H., who now carries on the farm; Alonzo W. , a farmer and cider maker; Alvah I., who lives in California and is a mechanic; Ida V., a teacher of music; and Jerusha A., who died October 2, 1855, Mr. Thayer was for sixteen years a justice of the peace, and settled on his present farm in 1844. There is a saw mill on the farm, built by William Wiley about seventy years ago, which is still in use. In 1880 a feed mill was added. Allen, Lewis B., was born in Scaghticoke, Rensselaer county, December 14, 1822, and removed to Ogden, Monroe county, when eight years old. He lived there until the time of his marriage with Catherine Brower, daughter of John Brower, May 7, 1851 ; he then removed to Sweden, where these children were born to him; Lewis vS. , Mrs. Frank A. Sammis, Mrs. Harriet E. Whipple, and Pollen, who died March 5, 1860. Lewis B. Allen died April 30, 1865. His son and wife live on the farm he left. He ■ wa!5 town superintendent of schools two years, and was a teacher nineteen term.s. Of upright, conservative character, it may be said of him that an honest man is the noblest work of God. Way, George H., was born on the homestead, September 30, 1827, a son of Samuel v., a native of Colchester, Conn. The family were of English descent, and among the early settlei*S of that State. Samuel V. married Elizabeth Ressegieu, daughter of John Ressegieu, and came to this town in 1816, and settled where his descendants now reside. He followed farming all his life, but during the first few years he got out stone for fireplaces and buildings, having quantities on his own farm. His death occurred in 1883 in his ninety-second year, George H. was educated in the common schools. In 1854 he married Miss Clara E. Chappell, daughter of Guy Chappell. They have had five children: Frank C, who died in 1869; Allie C. Williams, who died in 1874; Nellie W. Stratton, Clara W. Nelson, and Georgia E. Way. Knight, Andrew M., was born in Webster, a son of Nathaniel Knight, who came to Webster in 1817 and died here in 1890. aged ninety-five years. Andrew M. mar- ried Phoebe, daughter of Franklin Robb, and granddaughter of John Robb. Her 72 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY mother was a daughter of Alpheus Crocker, who was one of the first settlers itf Web- ster. They have two sons, George L. and Dayton R. Knight, and one daughter, Mary Knight. Hettler, William, was born in Germany in 1845, and is the son of John I >., who came to America in 1852 and settled in Webster, where he died in 1886. Mr. Hettler is known as one of the leading farmers and fruit growers of this town, having been for the past twelve years on the farm where he now resides. He has one son, Ed- ward W., and two daughters, Hattie M. and Florence I. Wolf, John F. , was born in Germany in 1855 and came to America in ]8 LANt)^rAnKs of monroe counts. Hutchinson, S. , one of the most genial and popular young business men of Pittsford, was born in Liverpool, England, July 22, 1856, and came with his parents to America and to Rochester in the same year. Samuel, sr., was a cooper by trade, and in 1857 began making casks and barrels at Mendon, beside conducting a farm. The remain- der of his life was passed at Mendon, where his widow still lives and where our sub- ject's boyhood was passed. At the age of thirty-one years the latter removed to Pittsford, and in 1888 purchased the cooperage plant of Owen Burns. This shop was destroyed by fire in 188t>, and -Mr. Hutchinson rebuilt near the Central station on Main street. His establi.shment is now a very complete one, including the manufac- ture of all sizes of fruit and flour barrels. He now supplies a large territory and has increased the output from 30,000 to 50,000 yearly, and employs a force of eight men. The house at Mendon first bought by the elder Mr. Hutchinson was erected by Brig- ham Young, partly of logs, and near by are the ruins of a chair factory once operated by him. In INS;} our subject married Mary A., daughter of Thomas Finucan of Men- don, and their children are James H., Marguerite A., and Una M. Mr. Hutchinson is a supporter of the Presbyterian church, and is a trustee of the village of Pittsford. Eaton, Wilber, son of Uaniel, was born in Onondaga county, where he learned telegraphy, and later was agent and operator for six years at Clay station. He was afterwards transferred to Webster, where he now lives, and is also ticket agent and express agent at the station. He married Eliza, daughter of Jacob Pink, and they have one son, Lawrence Eaton. Burritt, Sylvester. — Giles Burritt was a native of New York State and came to Parma from Sand Lake, Rensselaer county, about 1835. He brought a family and settled at the place since known as Burritt's Corners. Burritt street also derived its name from him and his descendants. In the east Mr. Burritt was engaged in lum- bering and farming, but in Parma he devoted his time entirely to farming. He died in 18.14. His children were Bailey, William, Seley, Polly, wife of Martin Amidon ; Malinda, wife of William Moreland; Sylvester, Elizabeth, wife of John Taber; Stephen D. Thomas, Mahala, and Giles. Sylvester Burritt was born December 7, 1820, and was about fifteen years old when his father came to the town. He was brought up on the farm. At the age of twenty he started out for himself and about three years later bought a tract of land in company with his brother, Stephen. They improved and added to it and finally divided it, Sylvester living on his portion until 1877, when he came to his present splendid home at the Corners. In 1846 Mr. Bur- ritt married Eunice A. Barber, by whom he had three children : Rosalia, wife of Frank W. Rowley; Newton S., a farmer of Parma; and Loretta, wife of Dr. Williams, of North Parma. Howard, John E., late of Fairport, N. Y., was born at Bridgewater, Mas.s. , of an old Puritan family, March 4, 1814. He came to Fairjjort in 1845, whence his four brothers, Ansel. Lorenzo, Daniel and Marshall, had preceded him. These brothers became the leading successful business men of the place, he and his brother Lorenzo managing a large wagon factory and other commercial interests. He retired from business in 1864, yet retained a benevolent interest in current affairs and kept the best interests of the village at heart. Of the Congregational church he was a literal pillar, and of his unostentatious private charities there is no record. By Sophia Family sketches. 77 Woohvorth, a former wife, Mr. Howard had four children, of whom one son is now living, W. W. Howard, of Los Angeles, Cal. In 1857 John E. Howard married Mrs. Louisa Brown Edson of Orlean, who survives him. Wygant, T. B.— About 1833 Harvey Wygant with his young wife, Jane Buchanan, came from Ulster county and settled on a farm of 100 acres, beautifully situated on a hill overlooking what later became the flourishing village of Egypt. Here passed the even tenor of their way until 1880, when Mrs. Wygant died. Of a family of four daughters and a son, one daughter and the son, T. B. Wygant, remain. The father is now eighty seven years of age, but with mental faculties unimpaired, and his mind a storehouse of reminiscences of earlier days. In 1868 T. B. Wvgant married Emma, daughter or the late Hon. Jeremiah S. Baker, a man widely knov\n and honored. There are no children. Mr. Wygant is a man of liberal education and culture, but of i-etiring disposition and tastes. Huber, Frank, was born in Baden, Germany, March 2fi, 1833, and came to Parma in 1860. By trade he was a mason and farmer, and worked at both previous to his enlistment, August 12, 1862, when he went out with Co. B, 8th N. Y. Mounted Vols., from which time till the final muster-out, June 7, 1865, Comrade Huber was in sixty- two engagements, and was twice wounded. At Yellow Tavern, Va., March 11, 1864, he w^as struck in the side with a fragment of shell, and although painfully wounded, he remained on duty, and at Malvern Hill a bullet .struck the same place as had the shell, and he was kept in hospital six weeks. He however ran away from the sick tent and rejoined his command long before his wound was healed, and his comrades say that Corporal Huber was as willing a fighter as ever handled a gun or sword. Returning to Parma he resumed his trade and former work, and later spent three j'ears in Pennsylvania in the lumber business. Returning to Parma he bought a farm and settled. He is a G. A. R. man and an Odd Fellow, having passed every chair in the latter society. He is also a member of the Veteran Company of Parma. December 26, 1866, Frank Huber married Samantha Seeley. They have no children giving. Boughton, Orrin, came from Fairfield county. Conn., and settled first in Oswego county, where he was a shoemaker. In 1821 he came to Brockport, where he con- tinued his trade until his death about 1828. He left a wife and seven children. The mother managed to keep the family together for sometime, and until her son John was able to work, and his earnings almost provided for the children. John was born September 13, 1818. On reaching his majority he came to Ogden, and built a potash factory, which business he continued about twenty-five years, then established a lime kiln in the west part of the town. This he operated about twenty years. His pres- ent farm he bought in 1841, and has since added to its size. He is now the owner of a good farm in the town, and his life of industry and perseverance has been justly rewarded. Mr. Boughton married first Eliza Allen and they had one child, Harriet. His second wife was Anna Maria Stone, who bore him seven children, of whom Eliza, Charles and James survive. Mr. Boughton has been a life long Democrat and has served as collector and road commissioner, the latter for twenty-one years. Keene, William H., was born in Rochester July 12, 1856, was educated in the dis- trict schools, and by occupation is a market gardener. In 1878 he married Sarah A. 78 Landmarks of monroe cotNTV. Smith of Rochester, and tliey have three children, Etta (i., Lula G., and Henry W. Mr. Keene is a member of the Royal Arcanum Lodge, No. 1105. Mr. Kcene's father. Henry, was born in Wiltshire, England, November 25, 1825, and in 1851 married Sarah A. Tarrant, of his native place, and they came to this country in 1856, first locating in Rochester, where their son was born, then came to their present home on the Ridge Road in 1.S58 and began the above business, which has been successful. They have si.x green-houses heated throughout by hot water through the entire dis- tance of 100 feet each, where vegetables are grown in winter as well as summer. William Smith, father of Mrs. Keene, was born October 8, 1831, in Walsoken, Cam- bridgeshire, England. In 1852 he married Martha Flint, of Lincolnshire, England, and they at once came to the L^nited States, settling in Rochester. They had six children, Evangeline, William A., who died aged twenty five, Sarah A., as above, Florence M., Abraham L., and Martha L. He died November 16, 1873, his wife surviving. He was a contractor and builder. Thatcher, James H., was born in Wayne county in 1S40, a son of Cyrus and grand- son of Peter Thatcher, who was one of the earliest settlers of Ontario, Wayne county, N. Y. James enlisted at Ontario in August, 1862, in Co. B, 9th N. Y. Heavy Artil- lery and served in that regiment, which was in the 2d Brigade, 3d Division and 6th Army Corps until July 24, 1865, when he came to Webster, and after conducting a farm and being in the produce business for some years, in 1889 he started the store he now owns and conducts as Bancroft & Thatcher, carrying on a general hardware and furniture business. He was for seventeen years one of the local assessors of the town, and is nowoneof the justices of the peace. He married Frances A., daughter of James L. Fox, of Webster, N. Y. Barnhart, Mrs. Mary E., was born at .Schagticoke, N. Y., a daughter of the late Erastus Herrington. He was born at Hoosick, N. Y., a descendant of the Hyde fam- ily, whose vast English estates are now the subject of protracted litigation. Mr. Herrington came to Perinton in 1850, engaging in farming, and was for thirty-nine years a resident of Fairport, where he took an active part in town and village gov- ernment, as trustee, assessor, etc. He died July 8, 1889, aged eighty-one years, the last of five brothers. His children arc Mary, Era.stusB. and Frank. The only daugh- ter, Mary, married in 1865 Lewis B. Barnhart, late of Perinton, and o"ne of its lead- ing citizens, who died April 26, 1889. Their children are Louise M., Dewitt C, Frank and Luella. The daughters are at home, and the son, Dewitt, married Mary Bulman, and is now in charge of the homestead farm in Perinton. Jordan, Edwin, a veteran soldier of Co. H, 13th N. Y. Vols., was born in Penfield, March 25, 1841. His father was John, of Portland, Me., who settled in Penfield about 1840, and whose death occurred in 1877. In 1861 Edwin enlisted in the "Old Thirteenth," and during two years active service participated in many hard-fought battles, among them being Bull Run, Hanover Court House, Siege of Richmond, Manassas. Antietam, and Fredericksburg. At Second Bull Run he was captured, but soon escaped. Mr. Jordan is a mason by trade, and also a farmer. In 1866 he married Rebecca Lovett of Penfield, by whom he had these children: Emeline, Lewis, Lovett, Sarah, Alzora. Minnie, Stella, Fenton and Harry. One daughter, Belle C, is deceased. FAMILY SKETCHES. ' 79 Young, Hiram, was one of the early settlers of Ogden, coming from Middle Had, in 1828. He was educated in the free schools of his native town and the secondary school at Kirchberg. At the age of sixteen he was sent to the canton de Vaud to learn French. Two years later he was apprenticed to the butcher's trade, at which he FAMILY SKETCHES. 87 worked until coming to America in 1850. He went to Ferinton, where lie worked one year on a farm and one year for a butcher. He then secured an engagement a.s a teacher of German and French in the academy at Albion. N. Y., where lie taught four terms. From Albion he went to Bloomington, 111., where he engaged in the mercantile business. In 1855 he married Elizabeth E.. daughter of John Sargent of Mendon, who came from Newburyport, Mass., in an early day. Mrs. Sargent was a Mrs. Webster of Mendon, whose maiden name was Tirzah Stiles, coming from West- field, Mass., previous to 1817 In 1856 the Probsts returned to the Sargent farm, where they since lived. They have had but one child, a daughter, who died in in- fancy. Mr. Probst has been for many years senior elder in the Presbyterian church at Mendon, having been elected when a young man, and when the others with one exception were all aged men. Gott, John, was the pioneer head of one of (Jgden's most respected families, and though born in Connecticut, he came to this town from Pompey Hill, Onondaga county. He purchased the old Deacon Phelps farm on which he afterwards died. He was a school teacher before coming here, and was Wadsworth's land agent in the town. His children were Edward, who died in the army; Emeline, whomarried Jasper Barber ; Maria, who married Nathaniel Webster ; Harriet, who married Halsey Danforth; Oscar F., Helen, who died young; Frank, of Spencerport ; and John, who married Alma Ball of Pompey, Onondaga county. John Gott was supervisor of this town in 1840-41, was jus'ice several years, and held nearly all the important offices of the town. He was a man much respected, and a prosperous citizen. Oscar F. Gott was born February 5, 1828, and like his father engaged in agriculture. In 1851 he married Martha Warner, and they have two children, William, a farmer of Greece, and Helen S., wife of S. H. Curtis, of Spencerport. Eleazer Warner settled in Ogden about 1815, living south of the Center, and here he died in 1828. His widow cleared the farm of debt, and educated her children. She died at the age of si.xty-threc. The children were Sylvester, who married Maria Day, and Martha, who became the wife of Oscar F.- Gott. Reed, J. B. (deceased), was born in Sweden, January 29, 1818. His father, John, came to Sweden in 1806, and settled on the farm which has been in the family for eighty-five years. John B. married Mary W. , daughter of Joseph Emerson, who married Lucy Hill, and settled in the town of Riga, Monroe county, in 1809. Mr. and Mrs. Reed have had four daughters: Mrs. Seymour H. Root, Mrs. George H. Rowe. Mrs. Fred J. Root, who died January 21, 1879, and Cora M. Reed. Our sub- ject was a practical and successful citizen and farmer, and has taken an active interest in all town affairs, being specially interested in educational matters. He died in 1879 in his sixty-second year. He was mourned by all who knew him for liis many noble traits of character. Williams, George E. (deceased), was a native of ??ew Orleans. He spent his boy- hood at Hudson, O., and at the age of eighteen enlisted in Co. K, 19th O. Inf. Vols. He was wounded at the battle of Shiloh by a musket ball, but continued to serve as aid on General Crittenden's staff. In 1871 he married Louise, youngest daughter of Nathan Fish, and they have had two children, Grace L. and Burr F. From 1868 to 1874 Mr. Williams traveled in the West, and in the latter year came to Brockport and fy occupat'ion- April 19, 1888, he married Jessie M. Wilson, of his native town and they have two children, Hattie L, and George W. Mr. Stone's father, J. Bryant, was born in the town of Greece May 3, 1837, was educated in the schools of that early day, and a farmer by occupation. November 22, 1859, he married Harriet Davis, of Charlotte. They had one son, George B., as above. Mr. Stone died November 28, 18G7. Mrs. Stone's father, Mark Wilson, was born in Pennsylvania July 14, 1831, was educated in the common schools, and reared on his father's farm. In early life he learned the carpenter's trade. May 31, 1856, he married Esther Harding, of Pennsylvania, and they had four children: Edith, Carrie, Jessie M. as above, and Benjamin. Mrs. Wilson's great-grandfather's two oldest brothers were killed in the Wyoming massa- cre, and many of her relations in the early wars Pollard, Emma M.— The late Henry Pollard was born in Walsham, SufTolk county, England, June 20, 1811, was educated in their schools, and was ajiprenticed to learn the blacksmith's trade, until he was twenty-one years old. At the e.xpiration of that time, he came to Canada. June 11, 1837, he married Eliza M. Moxon, daugh- ter of one of the oldest settlers of Charlotte. They had seven children: John H., who died in infancy, Edward, Frank H., Arthur W., who also died in infancy, Alfred B., John Z., and Emma M. Edward served in the late war, in two regiments, first in tha 13th Infantr}', New York State Volunteers, and afterwards as second lieuten- ant in the 24th Cavalry, New York State Volunteers, and was honorably discharged at the close of the war. He was wounded twice in the ankles. He died in Boston in 1892. Frank H. was a soldier in the 188th Infantry, New York State Volunteers, in the late Rebellion. Mrs. Pollard died in 1868. For his second wife, he married Mrs. Mary H. Greer, nee Holden, June 16, 1870. Mr. Pollard worked at his trade from 1840 to 1872. He then retired and took charge of his real estate. Pollard avenue was named in his honor. He died August 13, 1889. His only daughter, Emma M., was educated in the public schools, and in the Rochester Free Academy, graduating from the latter in 1877. After teaching school several years she attended the Geneseo Normal School, graduating from that institution in 1891. She has charge of the grammar department in the graded school at Charlotte where she has taught twelve years. Peet, Norman C, was born in Penfield in 1819, son of Minor A. and Ohonor (Austin) Peet, and grandson of Ebenezer Peet, who came to Penfield from Connecticut among the early settlers. Mr. Peet's father died when he was two years old and later his mother married Libeus Ross, with whom Mr. Peet lived until 1842, when he married Sophronia L., daughter of Hiram Peet, and settled where he now lives. He is one of the leading farmers of the town, although for the last few years his son-in-law, Mr. Atwood, has lived with him and looked after the farm. Fuller, Harrison C, was born in Penfield in 1851, and is the son of John F. and Harriet (Muliner) Fuller, and grandson of Joseph, who settled at Lovetts Corners in 1806, where Mr. Fuller now lives. John Fuller was born in 1826 and always lived on the homestead until he died, January 19, 1894. Mr. Harrison Fuller was elected justice in 1878, and in 1891 he became side judge, which position he held three years. In 1873 he married Delia S. Tabor, who died in 1875. He married again, Elizabeth, 130 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ^ daughter of A. G. Northrup and they have six children, John, Joseph E., Albert T., who died in infancy, and three daughters, Florence K., Martha E., and Helen H. Clark, Henry S.. was born in 1833 and is a son of Chester and Minerva (Rundell) Clark, and grandson of Calvin Clark, who came to Penfield in 1800 and was the founder of the Clark families in Penheld. He died in the war of 1812. Chester Clark settled at an early day on the land where Henry now lives, and died in 1870, leaving three sons and two daughters, Henry, Franklin, Horace, Elizabeth, and Laura I. Franklin and Horace died. Franklin left one son, Warren, who lives on the old homestead. Sheldon, Abner, was the first of this name in the town of Mendon. He came from Deerfield, Mass., in 1801, and bought what was known as the Ball farm. Two years later he bought the farm in Mendon, which has ever since been in the possession of the family, and which is now owned and occupied by Judson F. Sheldon, his grand- son. His family were as follows: Electa (Mrs. Hawks), Abner, Zelotes, Rebecca (Mrs. Anthony Case), Lucy (Mrs. Justin Baker), Ptolemy, Henry A., William Fred- eric, Timothy F. Three of his sons, Abner, Ptolemy and Henry served in the war of 1812. Henry settled on the home farm, remaining there until his death in .864. The others all sought homes in other parts of the country. Henry married Eliza, daughter of Charles Gillett, of Mendon, in 1816. Their family consisted of seven children: Chas. A., who died in 1825, unmarried. Ransom T., who married Eliza- beth, daughter of Zebidee Bond, of Mendon; Louisa, who married Levi Carter, of Detroit. Mr. Carter, who was a railroad man, took the first passenger train, as its conductor, over the Michigan Central Railroad, which position he held until his death in 1874. Horace W., who married Marie, daughter of Jotham Bickford, of Mendon; Judson F., married Mary, daughter of Martha Davis, of Mendon; Lucina, married Wm. W. Potter, of Greene county. They moved to Medina, Orleans county. where Mr. Potter founded the Union Bank of Medina, holding the position of its president until his death in 1870. Laura, who died in 1841, aged eight years. Of what was once so large a family, the fourth generation has only Frank A., son of Ransom, who married Alice Williams, of Henrietta; Estelle M., daughter of Ran- som, who married Frank E. Hovey, of Lima; Catherine, daughter of Horace, who married William Clapp, of Mendon; Antoinette, daughter of Judson F., whu mar- ried William J. Kirkpatrick, of Lansingburgh, N. Y. ; and Chas. F., adopted son of Judson F. The politics of the family have always been first of the Whig, then of the Republican party. Judson F. Sheldon represented his town in the Board of Su- pervisors during the years of 1878-79 and 80, and his assembly district in 1882, and also in 1889. Markham, Mrs. M. A. — Willard Markham was born in East Avon, then Ontario county, now Livingston county, November 1, 1805. He was educated in the schools of his day, and has been a successful farmer. He came to the town of Greece in his twenty-ninth year. October 1, 1835, he married Louise Bronson, of Greece, by whom he had seven children: Laurinda, Joseph, Betsey, Levi A., Eunice A., Frances L., and Eliza. Joseph, Eliza and Eunice are dead. Joseph was a soldier in the late war, in Company I, 13th Inf., N. Y. S. Vol., and died at Yorktown. Virginia, May 15, 1862. Mrs. Markham died August 13, 1848. For his second wife he married FAMILY SKETCHES. 131 Mary A. (Drake) Palmer, widow of Daniel Palmer, of Elba, Genesee county, N. Y., by whom he had three children: Samuel W., Sylvia J., and Spencer S. Samuel W. was born March 10, 1851. He was educated in the public schools and is now a farmer at home. January 12, 1878, he married Florence W. Dewinell of this town, by whom he had seven children: Joseph W., Horace G., Florence E., Arthur W., Ida, Anna, and John D. Mrs. Markham's father, Samuel Drake, was born in Greene county, N. Y., in 1791. He married Sylvia Thorne of his native place, and by whom he had nine children: Edward, Orrin, William, Moses, Samuel O., Mary A., S. Jane, Stephen A., and Elvira. The family at an early day came to Genesee county, N. Y. Mr. Drake died April 28, 1873, and his wife May 31, 1868. Mr. Markham is ninety years old, hale and hearty, and is one of the town's honored citizens. Watson, George W., was born in 1842, and is a son of John M. and Elizabeth (Harris) Watson, and a grandson of Samuel Watson, who came from Maine to Pen- field in 1816, and had three sons, John M., Daniel, and Franklin. John M. died in 1880, and left sons, Winfield S., Rufus E., and George W. Mr. G. W. Watson bought the farm where he now lives in 1884, and is one of the leading farmers of the town. Busch, Frederick, was born in Germany in 1845, and came to America in 1866, settling near where he now lives on what is known as the "1600 acres tract." In 1878 he bought the farm where he now lives and is engaged in farming. He also does a large fruit evaporating business. His wife was Minnie Schutt, and their chil- dren are Frank H., a merchant tailor of Webster; Henr^^ John, William, Christlieb, and Otto, all farmers with their father. They also have four daughters: Lizzie, Fena, Mary, and Tena. They have also lost three sons: Fred, who died in 1889, Carl, and Julius, who died in 1895. Baldwin, Addison R., was born in Topsham, Vt., August 6, 1832. His parents moved to Wells River, Vt., where he was educated in the public schools, one year at Newbury Seminary, and two years at the Military University at Norwich. On ac- count of ill-health he had to abandon his studies, and he then became a clerk in a general store at Ogdensburg, N. Y. May 6, 1853, he came to Charlotte, which he has since made his permanent home, and entered the employ of Joshua Eaton, as clerk and general manager. January 2, 1856, he married Caroline Wheeler of the town of Greece, and five children were born to them : Charles A. , who is a banker and broker in New York ; Frank E., a banker and broker in Boston, Mass., with a fine residence in Brookline, a suburb of Boston; Alvi T., general agent for several fire insurance companies, and is also President of the Massachusetts Chemical Com- pany of South Boston, Mass. ; Carolyn L., now Mrs. F. D. Hotchkiss of Rochester, N. Y. ; and Daisy M., who resides in Brookline, Mass. Mr. Baldwin was superin- tendent of the Pittston Coal Company, at Pittston, Pa., where he remained during the years of 1859 and 1860. After he returned he again served Mr. Eaton in his old position, and was appointed agent of the Merchant's Union Express Company, after its consolidation with the American. He afterward became a produce dealer, doing a general business in grain, fruits, etc., which continued nine years. In the mean- time he was village clerk, and trustee of the village by appointment. Upon the death of his brother at Groton Pond, Vt., he took charge of his business which was an immense lumber concern, and conducted it for three years. In 1893 he went to \:>,-l LANDMARKS OK MONROE COUNTY. Boston, Mass., and was made vice-president of the Massachusetts Chemical Com- pany, which position he now holds; six months later was made president of the Bald- win Bros. XJompany, and also of the National Telegraph Company. In the winter of I!:iy4-y5 he was appointed land commissioner of the Suwanee River and Railway Land Company in Florida. Mr. Baldwin's father, Erastus, was born in Vermont in ISll, and married Lucinda C. Richardson, who was born in his native State. They had four sons: Addison R., as above, Alvi T. , Hammond T. , who died at the age of fourteen, and Erastus, who is a resident of Wells River, Vt., president of the Wells River Savings Bank, and one of the directors of the National Bank of Newbury. Erastus Baldwin, sr. , died in July, 1889, aged seventy-eight. His widow resides at the old home. Mrs. Baldwin's father, Baruch C. Wheeler, was born in the town of North ICust, Dutchess county, N. Y. November 27, 1805, he married Caroline E. Hollister, of Sharon, Conn., and came to the town of Greece in 1837, and located near North Greece. They had eight children, seven of whom are still living: Joseph H., Caroline, Hiram D., Benjamin F., Elizabeth D., Mary L., Ph(L'be L., and Julia, wife of Dr. Hess, of Grand Rapids, who died in 1873. Mr. Wheeler died January 2, 185)0, aged ninety, and his wife April 14, 1890, aged eighty-three. In politics Mr. Baldwin is a Democrat, and has been member of the Central County Committee. Mrs. Baldwin's great-grandfather, Col. Thomas Wheeler, was a colonel in the French war. Mr. Baldwin's maternal grandfather was also a .soldier in the French war. Ketcham, Byron C. The subject of this sketch was born in Sodus, Wayne county, N. Y., September 8, 1837. His grandfather, Joseph A. Ketcham, was born in Pitts town, Rensselaer county, N. Y., May 28, 1780, and died April 14, 1834, in Owego, Tioga county, N. Y. His father was born March 1, 1801, in Pittstown, Rensselaer county, N. V., and died in Hamlin, Monroe count}', N. Y,, February, 1878. His mother, Julia Ann Ketcham, was born in Grafton, Rensselaer county, N. Y., Sep- tember 11, 1805 and died in Brockport, Monroe county, N. Y., September 17, 1888. They had seven children, namely: Caroline M., Warren P., Allen J., Byron C, Spencer C, Richmond A., and Gertrude E. Caroline M. was born in Pittstown, Rensselaer county, N. Y., November 11, 1828, and died January 22, 1875. Warren P. was born in Owego, Tioga county, N. Y., March 14, 1831, and died June 12, 1883, in Houston, Tex. Allen J. was born in Owego, Tioga county, N. Y., June 7, 1834, and died about September 1, 1889, in Denver, Colorado. Byron C. was born in Sodus, Wayne county, N. Y., September 8, 1837. Spencer C. was born in Sodus, Wayne county, N. Y., October G, 1840. Richmond A., w^as born in Sodus, Wayne county, N. Y., July 3, 1844. Gertrude E., w^as born in Sodus, Wayne county, N. Y., July 29, 1847. His father in his early years was a teacher in the common .schools during the winter months and farmer in summer; held offices of trust and responsi- bility in the town in which he lived. The subject of this sketch was educated in the common schools of the State with the exception of parts of terms in the Academy at Sodus, Wayne county, N. Y. In the winter of winter of 1859 and 1860, taught his first term in a district .school in his native town of Sodus, Wayne county, N. Y. Cast his first vote for Abraham Lincoln for president and ever after voted the Re- publican ticket. At the breaking out of the late war was engaged on a farm, but en- listed as a private October 6, 1861, in Co. H, 64th Regt., N. Y. Vol. Infantry. At FAMILY SKETCHES. 133 the muster-in was made 4th sergeant, promoted to second lieutenant in same com- pany September 19, 1862, to 1st Heutenant and quartermaster iJecember 24, 1862, acting adjutant of the regiment at Gettysburg in 1863, and captain June 18, 1863. Was in command of the regiment during a part of a quarter of 1864 on detached service to bring to the regiment the drafted men assigned to them July 28, 1863; re- lieved from that duty in November, 1863, and returned to duty with the regiment. Was wounded severely in the assault at Petersburg, Va., June 19, 1864. Discharged December 4, 1864, by reason of expiration of term of service. In the spring of 1865 bought a farm near and adjoining his father's and lived upon it one year, after which he sold and moved to Brockport, at which place he has made his residence since that time. In 1867 he accepted a position in the drug and book store of Fogin & Haight, and learned the business, and in 1873 formed a partnership with W. S. Merritt and continued until 1878 when Mr. Merritt retired and the firm became Ketcham & Pat- ten and continued until 1883 when Mr. Ketcham retired and entered into the busi- ness of Fire Insurance to the present date. Mr. Ketcham is now the secretary of Monroe Lodge No. 173 F. & A. Masons of this village. Was secretary of the Brock- port Union Agricultural Society for several years, retiring some three years since. Was town clerk of Sweden for several years, and clerk of the village Board of Health for three years. Is commander of Cady Post No. 236, G. A. R., and prominent in Grand Army circles. Mr. Ketcham was first married October 6, 1863, to Miss Esther S. Clarke, of Sodus, Wayne county, N. Y., who was born in Massa- chusetts in 1838 and died September 4, 1874. She is survived by two daughters. Bertha B. and Jennie M. Ketcham. The first named was born in Painted Post, Steuben county, N. Y., November 29, 1864. Educated in the State Normal School located in Brockport and graduated in the Classical course in 1885. September 19, 1888, was married to Samuel J. Craig, of Canaseraga, Allegany county, N. Y., who car- ries on an extensive mercantile business in that village. They have two daughters, Esther B. and Gladys. The second daughter, Jennie M. Ketcham, is a teacher of vocal and instrumental music in Canaseraga, N. Y., having graduated in the musical course of the Normal School at Brockport, N. Y. , in 1882, at the age of sixteen. She was born in Brockport, N. Y., October 28, 1866. Mr. Ketcham married for his second wife Miss Minnie Agnes Wadhams, only daughter of Edwin and Lucia E. Wadhams, of Brockport, N. Y., May 22, 1890. She was born in Parma. Monroe county, N. Y., October 30, 1860. One daughter is the result of this union — Gertrude Lawrence Ketcham. Andru.s, Fairchild, was born in Penfield, in 1814, and is the son of Alanson, and the grandson of David, who came from Vermont to Penfield in 1801, where he re- sided until 1816 when he removed to Ashtabula county, Ohio, where he died in 1849, aged ninety years, and where many of his descendants still live. Alanson came to Penfield with his father, and resided there until his death in 1848, aged sixty-five years. In 1807 he bought of Daniel Penfield the farm, then an unbroken forest, that has since been, and now^ is the homestead of the family. He was a distiller and farmer, and in 1811 built, and for several years operated a distillery. At his decease he left a widow, three daughters, two of whom are still living, and one son. Fair- child, who at eighteen years of age commenced to teach a district school during the winter, working on his father's farm in summer, which, with the exception of one 134 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. year passed in a physician's office in the then village of Rochester, he continued to do until 1838, when he engaged in the transportation business on the Erie canal, con- tinuing the same until the decease of his father in 1848, when he came back to the farm in Penfield. He was married in 1842, and has three children, two daughters and one son, who is a fruit grower of Riverside, California. He early took an active interest in political affairs, was one of the pioneers of the Republican party, of which he was for many years a trusted local leader. At the outbreak of the Rebellion he was the supervisor of the town, remaining .such until he was elected to the Assembly, where he served three sessions, in 1804-65-66, having been twice re-elected. After the adjournment of the Legislature in 1866 he accepted the appointment of assistant as'iessor of Internal Revenue, which he held for four years, and until the repeal of the law creating the office. On vacating the Revenue office, he went at once to Harrison county, Iowa, engaging in farming and stock raising, in which he re- mained until the fall of 1884, when he returned to the homestead in Penfield. He is of "New England Puritan" lineage paternally and maternally, and now at the age of eighty-one years is fairly vigorous, with mental faculties unimpaired. Allen, James N., was born in Penfield, June 8, 1840, and in 1846 came with his father, Hiram, to the homestead where he has since lived. His father died in 1863, leaving five .sons, James, Wesley, Calvin, Peter and Rowe. James married Almira, daughter of Abel Willetts, and they reside on the old homestead, which he bought. They have two sons, James G. and Fred, also two daughters. Mr. Allen is the grandson of Calvin Allen, who was one of the early settlers of Penfield. His mother was Martha, daughter of Wm. Harris. Brown, Edward S., was born in Chicago, 111., July IT, 1871. He was educated in the common school after his arrival east with his parents, also in the Albion High School of Albion, Mich., and Brockport Normal- School of Brockport, N.Y. , and isnow conducting a meat market at North Greece. He'was elected justice of the peace in the spring of 1895. October 7, 1891, he married Sarah E. Clement, of Greece, by whom he has one son, R. Stewart, born September 27, 1892. Mr. Brown's father, Robert S., was born in this town in 1838, was educated in the public schools and Clarence Academy, and was engineer in the employ of the N. Y. C. Sz H. R. R. R. Company for eighteen years, and wss killed in Rochester, N.Y., February 4, 1891. He married Jennie E. Bascom, of Greece (who also died October 28, 1891), by whom he had three children : Edward S., Herman B., and Archie R. His wife died October 28, 1891. Edward S. Brown is a member of Clio Lodge No. 77t>, F & A. M. at Parma, N.Y. Roberts, Mrs. Julia E. — The late Henry C. Roberts was born in Fowlerville, Livingston county, N.Y., Januarys, 1841. His education was obtained in the common schools, and at the age of thirteen he left home and came to Rochester, N.Y., learn- ing the gunsmith's trade with William Billinghurst, of that city. At the age of nineteen he went to California, and upon his arriving in that State his capital in cash was five dollars, with which he began business as a gunsmith. He remained in California six years, and by his industry and shrewd business judgment he returned to Rochester with about $5,000. He then entered the firm of Dewey & Davis, in the retail coal business, and .shortly afterward the firm was changed to Smith & Roberts, which continued about six years. He then became a wholesale dealer FAMILY SKETCHES. 135 in the coal business, under the firm name of H. C. Roberts & Co. They erected the Genesee coal docks and chutes on the Genesee River, above Charlotte. In 1879 he was made president of the Charlotte Iron Works, which position he held until his death. In the management of his various business interests he exhibited rare tact, skill, and ability. He married Julia E. Pollay, of Rochester, N. Y., and they had one son, Henry P., who married Anna B. Blackford, of Washington, D.C., and they have one daughter, Ruth Elizabeth. Mr. Roberts died August 17, 1885. Rashe, Louis, was born in France, September 15, 1822, and came to the United States with his parents in 1827. They first located in Albany, where they remained five years, and afterward lived in the country on a farm, where he was brought up. July 31, 1862, he enlisted in Company B, 108th Infanty, New York State Volunteers, and was honorablj' discharged on account of disability (rheumatism and rupture) in May, 1863. He has married twice, first in 1847 to Mary Searls, of Lowville, Lewis county, N.Y. Mrs. Rashe died in 1890. For his second wife, on June 11, 1891, he married Mrs. Silvia Dodge, nee Ford, of Tompkins county, N.Y., formerly of Scho- harie county of this State. Mr. Rashe came to this county and town of Greece in 1859, and has resided here most of the time since. Mr. Rashe's father, George, was born at the old home in France in 1786. He married and had five sons : John, Frank, Joseph, Louis, and Peter. Mr. Rashe died in 1862, and his wife in 1857. Mr.s. Rashe's father. Major Ford, was born in Schoharie county, N.Y., in 1809, and was a carpenter by trade, and afterwards became a mill owner. He married Lucinda K. Millard, and they had sixteen children. Mr. Ford died in 1881 and his wife in 1891. Butts, Daniel, was born in Northampton county, Pa., September 12, 1821. His parents came to the rapids, near Rochester, in 1832, and shortly afterwards to the town of Greece. He was educated in the district .schools, and has always been a farmer. In 1843 he married Sarah Burns, of Greece, by whom he had four children: Louisa, now Mrs. Dr. Carpenter, of Greece; Mary, now Mrs. Joseph Wilder, of vSpencerport; Margaret, now Mrs. John Lewis, also of Greece; Melvin, who mar- ried Ophelia Snell, of this town. Mrs. Butts died in 1878, mourned by a husband and family. For full history of family see another place in the work. Frost, Henry, was born in Walworth, Wayne county, N.Y. , in 1844. He is one of the four sons of Abner and Betsey (Merritt) Frost. Abner Frost settled in Penfield on the farm where Henry now lives in 1854 and died in 1880. Henry, with his brothers, Byron and Jesse, enlisted in Co. D, 140th N. Y. Vols., serving until the clo.se of the war. He is now engaged in farming and fruit growing. In 1869 Mr. Frost married Ada E. Cowel, by whom he has one son, Arthur B. Lewis Frost was in the 138th New York Infantry. Byron died in prison in Florence, South Carolina. Henry Frost was in Andersonville prison one year and came home at the close of the war ; he was wounded on the top of the head in the battle of the Wilderness and then taken to Andersonville prison. Harris, Mrs. William, nee Louisa Herrick, daughter of Rufus, was married to William Harris in 1847, and they settled on the old Harris homestead, where Will- iam, sr., lived in 1817, and where William, jr., died in 1877, leaving four sons: John F., Potter E., and Peter D., who now carry on the farm, and William N., who lives east of Lovetts Corners ; also three daughters, Lenora, Maggie, and Jeanette. 136 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY Biuld, Daniel D. . was born in the town of Greece April IT, 1.S42. In 1864 he was appointed inspector of customs of Charlotte, was for twelve years justice of the peace, and filled other positions of trust. December 26, 1872, he married Lydia A., daugh- ter of Rev. Moses Wallace, of Rochester, and they have had four children : D. Wal lace, Mary E., who died aged two, Fred D., and Adela E. Daniel, father of our subject, was born in Bloomfield, Ontario county, in 1810, and came to this town with his parents the same year. He held many public offices and was a man of promi- nence. He married Elizabeth Merrill of this town, and had seven children: Mary, who died at the age of twenty-seven, Georgiana A., Daniel D., Adda R., Aldin T., Evan \V., and Elbert O. Mr. Budd died in November, 1892, and his wife May 4, 1892. His father, Daniel Budd, was born in Dutchess county and came to Canan- daigua in an early day. He was a soldier in the war of 1815. Moses Wallace, father of Mrs. Budd, was born in Bethlehem, N. Y., in 181(1. He married Elizabeth Eaton, of Albany, and had five children: Abigail, Amanda D., Josiah E., Lydia A., and James E. Mr. Wallace has resided in Charlotte fourteen years, in Pittsford eight years, then removed to Rochester. He was a Methodist minister. His death occurred September 8, 1878, and that of his wife May 1, 1884. Copsey, Albert, was born in Suffolk, England, September 29, 1860, and was edu- cated in their national schools. He is a professional and scientific gardener, begin- ning at the early age of twelve years serving his term of four years, during which time he attended regularly the night school of public elementary schools. In 1881 he came to the United States, locating in Rochester, N. Y., and entered the employ Elwanger & Barry, and soon afterward became the private gardener of Elwanger, where he remained three years, and then entered the employ of A. G. Yates as gar- dener and florist. He is a specialist in the cultivation of roses. " His success in growing magnificent La France, Nephetes, Sunset, and Mermot roses for the last two years, when other growers failed, testifies to his skill and knowledge." March 27, 1883, he married Maria Beatty, of Rochester, N. Y., and they have three children: Walter B., Elizabeth M., and Albert V. Mr. Copsey's father, William, was born in England, in 1810. He was foreman in a woolen matting factory twenty-three years. He married Maria Allen of his old home, and they had seven children. Mr. Copsey died August 11, 1891. Mrs. Cop.sey's father, James Beatty, was born and lived in Ireland. He married Ann Armstrong, and they had eight children. Mr. Beatty died before Mrs. Copsey was two years old, and his wife in 1882. Mrs. Copsey came to the United States when she was sixteen years old. Mr. Copsey is a member of Genesee Lodge 507 F. & A. M., Rochester, N. Y., also of Monroe Tent, No. 147, K. O. T. M., and St. Andrew's Brotherhood, of St. Andrew's Episcopal church. Lascell, Jo.shua B., was born in Niagara county, N. Y., October 31, 1856. His par- ents moved to Canada when he was two years old, where he was educated. In 1869 he came to the United States, and located in Monroe county, where he is a trusted employee of the Rochester Electric Railway Company. September 4, 1877, he mar- ried Artie M. vStace, of the town of Greece. They have four sons: Harry S., Ernest R., Walter I)., and Raymond. Mr. Lascell's father, George, was born in Niagara county, in 1829, was educated in the common schools and was a farmer by occupa- tion. He married Emily Traviss, formerly of Canada, and they had three children ; George B., Thomas H., who died in 1889, and Joshua B. George Lascell died in FAMILY SKETCHES. 137 1888. Two of his ancestors on the paternal side were soldiers in the war of 1812. Mrs. Lascell's father, Stephen Stace, was born in Kent, near the Sussex line, Eng- land, in \S:V2, w here he was educated. He has married twice. His first wife was Emily Willard, of his native place, and they had four children; Jennie, George W., Artie M., and Albert E. The family came to the United States in 1853, and located in the town of Webster. Jennie married "Wesley Spears, and had three children: Maud, who died in infancy, Grace C, and Estella. Mrs. Spears died in 188-5. George W. married Frances Studly, of Greece. They had two sons: Charles A. and Addison C. Albert E. resides at home. Mrs. Stace died March 13, 1876. Fallesen, Andrew P., was born in Denmark, November 23, 1853. He was educated in the schools of his native land and came to the United States in 1872, locating in the town of Greece, near Charlotte. He is a small fruit grower, having thirty-five acres of very choice varieties of fruit on Hopper's Hill. April 3, 1879, he married Lil- lian Watkins, of Phelps, Ontario county, by whom he had three children: John A., Julia H., and Eva E. Mr. Fallesen's father, Andrew, married Helen Peterson, by whom he had twelve children. Mrs. Fallesen's father, John T. "Watkins, was born in England February 22, 1835, and came to the State of New York when a young man. He married Julia De Bois, of New York city, by whom he had five children. Mr. "W^atkins is a merchant tailor by occupation. He enlisted in Co. H, 148th Inftr., N. Y. S. "Vols., and served till the close of the war. He now holds the office of town clerk and is one of the honored citzens of Phelps. Knipper, Peter, was born in Bavaria, Germany, January 21, 1855, and came with his mother to this country in 1859, his father having preceded them one year. They located in Rochester. He was educated in St. Joseph's Catholic School, with one term in the Rochester Business University, and his early life was spent as a shoe- maker with various manufacturing concerns in Rochester and other places, but for the past six years he has been a hotel-keeper in the village of Greece, his house hav- ing the reputation of being the best within ten miles, outside of Rochester. Novem- • ber 15, 1877, he married Mary E. Mura, and their children are Frances J., "William P., Sarah D., M. Genevieve, and three who died in infancy. They attend St. John's Catholic School here. John, father of our subject, was bom in German}' May 14, 1832. He conducted a distillery at Cartersville for twenty years. He married Dora Rosen- ing of his native place, and they had these children ; Peter, Barbara, Mary, Anna, and Frank, who died in infancy. His second wife was Mary Kuhn, and they have one son, Joseph, and now reside in Rochester. Mrs. Knipper's father was Erasmus Mura, born in France- in 1822, who came to this locality when a young man. He married Justine Ochs of Rochester, and they had six children: George M., Mary E. Theresa, Justina, Kittie, and one who died young. Mr. Mura died October 6, 18()2,' his widow residing in Rochester. The ancestry of the family is German and French. Burlingame, Herman G. (deceased), was born November 26, 1835, in Norwich, Chenango county. He was a son of Charles Burlingame, who was well known in that section for his ability as a mathematician and his work as a surveyor. Herman inherited his father's mathematical tastes, and under the stimulus of his own love for the subject and encouragement of his father, he soon developed remarkable power in his grasp of mathematical truth. At the age of fifteen he entered Norwich Acad- 138 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COl'NTY emy Inmi wliich place he graduated three years later. He soon after accepted a posi- tion as teacher and then began at the age of eighteen what proved to be a life work. For two or three years his work was alternately in district and select schools. Dur- ing this time he was married to Ellen W. Wicks. To them were born Hvc children. Mr. Burlingame successfully filled positions in Susquehanna Seminary of Biughani- ton and Norwich Academy. From the Madison University he received the degree of Master of Arts. In the fall of 1868 he accepted the invitation to take charge of the matliematics of the Normal School newly organized at Brockport. This position he held till the time of his death February 19, 1891. For a period of more than twenty- two years his interest, his life, out.'side of his family was centered in the school with which he became identified. To it he devoted the ripest and best years of his life, and it was through him that many new features have been added to the school. Beebe, Asa, was a native and former re.sident of Windhall, Vt., a town situated on the top of the Green Mountains, Vt. He was prominent in local history in Vermont, and was in the Legislature many years, and for a long time justice of the peace. In 1825 he sold his mountain farm and emigrated to Monroe county, settlnig in West Greece where he died. He was for five years overseer of the poor in this town and was one of the chief supporting members of the Congregational Church. He brought eight children to this locality, of w-hom but two survive: Salmon and Sarah, wife of Loomis Sheldon of Rochester. Salmon Beebe was born August 17, 1817, and mar- ried first Abigail Pari.sh, by whom he had three children: Albert P., of Greece; Silas D., in Montana; and Lydia A., wife of Jesse Howe, of Michigan. His second wife was Miranda Benedict, by whom he had one son, Frank S., who was drowned when a young man. Albert P. Beebe was born in Greece, January 2, 1845, lived at home until the age of twenty-five, and w^as educated at Parma Institute and Holly Semi- nary. For a time he engaged in fruit dealing but later went to New York and be- came a Pullman car conductor on the Pennsylvania railroad, and after three years was made a regular passenger conductor. He was so engaged for ten years, then went to Utah and for nearly three ^-ears was conductor on the then Denver and Rio tirande road, his brother, Silas D. Beebe, being superintendent of the road. In 1885 our subject returned to the old home, where he has since resided conducting the place, and being also an extensive fruit dealer. He has served a number of terms as supervisor. His wife was Emily Truesdale, who bore him one child, Wilbur S. He married second, in Salt Lake City, Emma Ain.sworth. Mr. Beebe is a Mason. Gallery, Michael, was born in Ireland, in the j-ear 1827, and came with his father to the United States in 1833 and purchased a homestead on the Latta R(nid near Greece Center, where he has since resided. He was educated in the common schools, and is one of the best farmers in the town, He married Mary Beatty, of the town of Greece, by whom he had nine children: Francis, who died at the age of forty-one years; Mai-y, Martin, Elizabeth, Gertrude, Anna, Josephine, Effie, and Mortimer. Martin and Elizabeth are dead. Mrs. Gallery died in the year 1877, mourned by a husband and family. Mr. Gallery's father, Francis, was born in Ireland March 3, 1795. He died at the age of ninety-seven years at the family residence in Greece February 25, 1892. Sheldon. Luther G., was born in Parma, this county, October 29, 1860; his cduca- FAMILY SKETCHES. 13.'). Morgan L. Barnes, father of Mrs. Woodham, was born in 180") in this State, married Elizabeth Knowlton, and had six children. He died in 1885 and his wife in 1893. The family is of British descent on both sides. Macy, Silvanus Jenkins, was born in New York city, July 28, 1838. Was educated there and at Alexandria, Va. In 1853 he became a member of the firm of Josiah Macy's Sons, which membership he retained until 1878 (25 5'ears), when he removed to Rochester. In 1868 he compiled and published the " Macy Genealogy." He has held many positions of honor and trust both in New York and this city, such as trustee in the Seaman's Bank for Savings, trustee in the Rochester City Hospital, receiver of Sodus Point & Southern Railroad, receiver of Rochester & State Line Railroad (now Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh). He is now one of the trustees and second vice president of the Rochester Savings Bank and one of the governors and president of the Rochester Homeopathic Hospital. Hannan, John W., was born in Perinton, Monroe county, N, Y., September 19, 1847, .son of Cyrus P. Hannan. John W. received a common school education in his native town and in 1865 received the appointment of messenger and superintendent of documents in the State Senate, where he remained until 1875. In July of that year Mr. Hannan was appointed United States ganger and after eight years of faithful service resigned to enter into the wholesale and retail liquor business in Rochester. He made friends with all he came in contact with and when nominated for sheriff of Monroe county in 1884, was elected by a very large majority, which position he faithfully filled for three years. At the expiration of that time he be- came proprietor of the National Hotel, where he remained from 1888 to 1892. In 1893 he was elected sheriff for a second term. March 1, 1876, Mr. Hannan married Mary E. Hommel, of Kingston, Ulster county, N. Y. Malley, James, born at Rochester, N. Y., January 10, 1849. Was educated at the Academy of the Christian Brothers. Mr. Malley followed the trade of shoemaking, first entering the factory of Pancost, Sage & Co. , and subsequently that of A. J. Johnson & Co. He remained with the latter about fifteen years. In 1886, he was appointed Commissioner of Excise by Mayor Parsons and reappointed in 1888. Upon the expiration of his term of office as commissioner in 1891, he was appointed excise clerk, which position he holds at the present time. Mr. Malley is a resident of the 15th Ward and has been elected for two terms as the representative of that ward in the Board of Supervisors of Monroe county. Mr. Malley is associated with John H. Ashton in the business of fire insurance with offices located in the Ellwan- ger & Barry building, the partnership having been formed in 1891. Ashton, John H., was'born at Rochester, N. Y., October 24, 1847, and received his education in the public .schools. He followed the business of shoemaking for about twenty years and then engaged in the grocery business ; later he formed a partner- FAMILY SKETCHES. 145 ship with James Malley. under the firm name of "Ashton & Malley," and engaged in the business of fire insurance. Mr. A.shton has been the representative of the Ninth ward in the Board of Supervi.sors of Monroe county, having .served two terms as such. He has large property interests in the Tenth ward and has done a great deal to improve and increase the value of the property in that locality. Recognizing his services in that direction and the executive ability he displaj^ed while in the Board of Supervisors, he was elected alderman by a large majority and represents the ward in the Common Council at the present time. Tennison, David, was born one-half of a mile west of Charlotte, September 20, 1822, and received his education in the district schools and has always been a farmer, is also an ingenious machinist He married Bridget Garrity of this town, by whom he had eight children. Mr. Tennison's father, John, was born in Yorkshire, Eng- land, about the year 1784. He married SarahJ^^ollison, by whom he had eight chil- dren: Ralph, Harriett, Ann, Rachael, David, ^ohn, Zilpha and Betsey, who died at Charlotte. The family came to the United States about the year 1820. He died in 1860 and his wife some time before. Mrs. David Tennison's father, Lawrence Gar- rity, was born in Ireland November 1, 1792, and died September, 1872. Catherine, his wife, was born in Ireland about the year 1794, and died March 4, 1894; settled in this town in 1812, directly upon commg to America. Lawrence Garrity married Catherine Rheal of his native place, by whom he had eight children. Ferguson, Alexander, was born in Oswegatchie, St. Lawrence county, March 8, 1854. He was educated in the common schools and in early life was a farmer. When twenty years old he came to Charlotte and purchased a quarter interest in a hardware business with his cousin, Alexander H. Ferguson, with a joint capital of §600, which continued until 1881 when the partnership was dissolved. He has car- ried on business on his own account up to the present time and the capital is now about $9,000 and first class in all its appointments. Mr. Fergu.son first married, in 1878, Sarah, daughter of Alamander Wilder, of Charlotte, by whom he had one son,* John W., who died in infancy. Mrs. Ferguson died in 1879, and he then married, in 1881, Emily E., daughter of John D. Allen, of Brockport, by whom he has three .sons: Roy L., John G., and Floris Allen Ferguson. Mr. Fergu.son's father, John A., was born in St. Lawrence county and was a farmer. He married Jeanett Jameson, by whom he had ten children: Mary, Alexander, Nettie, John, Agnes, Charles, Cora Margaret, Daniel, and Bertha. Both father and mother reside in Rochester. Mrs. Ferguson's father, John D. Allen, was born in Hamlin. He married, first, Livonia Stickney, of Sweden, by whom he had four children: Floris J., Lewis, Ella, and Emily E. Mrs. Allen died in 1859 and he then married Lettie P. Bragg, of Carleton, Orleans county, by whom he had five children. Mr. Ferguson is a trustee and rul- ing elder of the Presbj'terian church, also superintendent of the Sunday school. Rich, Noah F., was born in 1834, and has always lived on the farm where lie was born, and where his father settled when he married, and where he died in 1865. His father, Samuel Rich, was the son of Dr. Noah Rich, who was among the early settlers of Penfield. Noah F. married Maria, daughter of Densmore Graves, and they have (me son, Charles, who married a daughter of Linus Keith, and has one son, Francis L. ]\Ir. Rich was overseer of the poor for two years. His mother was 146 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Minerva, granddaughter of Francis Esget, who was the first settler on the farm where Mr. Rich now lives. Fellows, John B., a son of William, and a grandson of Nathan Fellows, was born in Penfield in 1839. For many years he was actively engaged in the raising of nursery stock and is now engaged in agriculture. He married Bessie J., daughter of Edward B. and Julia (Johnson) Young, and they have two sons, Harry S. and John L. They are living on the old Fellows place, which his father settled in IKlfi. Fleckenstein. George V., was born in Rochester. N. Y., March 22, 18(58. His father, Valentine Fleckenstein, was also born here, a son of Valentine, sr., who came from Germany at a very early day. George V. attended Sts. Peter and Paul's parochial school and from 1880 to 1883, the Rochester Free Academy. He then en- tered Canisius College of Buffalo, from which he received the degree of B. A. in 1888, standing the highest in his class and received the gold medal prize for mental and moral philosophy. Leaving college he read law in the office of Bacon, Briggs and Beckley, in Rochester, and finished his legal studies in the Columbia Law School, being admitted to the bar in the First Department in 1890. Immediately after his admission he became managing clerk for Morse & Wensley, of New York city, which position he held for two years. He then returned to Robhester and opened his present office. Shuart, Hon. William Dean, was born in the town of Mendon, Monroe county, August 11, 1827, received an academic education, and attended Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, N.Y. He read law with D. G. Shuart, George P. Townseud and Smith & Corn well, of Lyons, N. Y., and afterwards entered the Law School at Ballston, Spa, from which place he was graduated and was admitted to practice in Schenectady, N.Y., in 1850. The following year he opened a law office in Rochester, and in 1863 was elected city attorney by the Common Council. In June. 1864, he was commissioned in the army as paymaster, _with rank of major, served until the close, and mustered out at Louisville, Ky., in November, 1865. He returned to Rochester and resumed his practice, and in 1867 was nominated and elected surrogate of Mon- roe county, twice re-elected, and served in all sixteen years. January 1, 1884, he formed a partnenship with Hon. William A. Sutherland, under the firm name of Shuart &- Sutherland, to which Hon. Arthur E. Sutherland was subsequently ad- mitted but has since withdrawn. Mr. Shuart is a very successful practitioner, is authority on all cases involving the settlement of estates, and his decisions while surrogate were seldom reversed by higher courts, and is one of the most popular men and promising lawyers in Western New York. Herrick, C. Elbert, was born in Penfield in 1854, and was the son of Jerome B., and grandson of Rufus N. His mother was a daughter of Calvin Allen. In 1877 Mr. Herrick married Carrie L., daughter of N. S. Perkins and they live on the Calvin Allen homestead. They have three sons, Clinton S. , Lloyd W. , and Carl B. ; also one daughter, Bessie M. One son, Ora E., died at the age of thirteen. (iast(ni, Joseph H., was born in Penfield in 1847, son of Joseph who came from New Jersey to Wayne county in 1825 and later to Penfield, where he died I\Iarch 22, 1H79, aged seventy-four years, leaving two sons, Joseph and Daniel. In 1870 Joseph II. married Xira H., daughter of Nirani H. Peet, and lived on the old homestead {'AMILY SKETCFiES. 147 until 187fi, when he bought the farm where he now lives. Mr. fiaston is one of the leading farmers in Pen field and since 1884 has been assessor. Mr. and Mrs. Gaston have two sons, Arthur H. and Harrj? L., also four daughters. Eldridge, Irving B., son of Erastus and Anna (Watson) Eldridge, was born in Pen- field m 18:^9 and he is the grandson of William Eldridge, who fought in the Revolu- tionary war. Erastus Eldridge fought in the war of 1812, and in 1815 camfe to Penfield from Washington county. He married Anna, daughter of Samuel Watson, who came from New England and settled here in 1816. Irving B. was one of eight sons, three of whom now reside in Wayne county. He followed farming till 1886, when he moved into the village, and for two years conducted a store. He served as justice of the peace eight years, and in 1884 was elected supervisor. He married Marian E., daughter of James Lovett, who came here from Rhode Island in 1825. Fuller, C. Lacy, is the only son of Giles T. and Kate L. (Lacy) Fuller. His mother was a daughter of Charles Lacy, of Dutchess county, and his father, Giles, was the son of Harvey Fuller, and grandson of Joseph, the latter one of the early settlers of Penfield. Lacy Fuller, with his father, moved to Penfield in 1888, where his father died in 1889. He was engaged in life insuiance for some time, but is now engaged in produce shipping, having bought a large warehouse in connection with Bown Bros, under the firm name of Bown Bros. & Fuller. Cutler, James G., appointed by Governor Morton as charter commissioner for Rochester, was born in Albany in 1848, and has been a resident of Rochester since 1872. He is an architect by profession, a fellow of the American Institute of Archi- tects and an ex-president of the Western New York Chapter of the same ; a member of the Architectural League of New York; for the past seven years a trustee of the the Rochester Chamber of Commerce, and now its first vice-president; vice-president of the Alliance Bank; president of the board of trustees of St. Peter's Presbyterian church; a director of the James Goold Company, of Albany: a trustee of the Post» Express Printing Company; and has considerable real estate and manufacturing in- terests, in which he is associated with his brother, J. Warren Cutler. He is a Repub- lican and active in public matters. He served four years as secretary of the joint water supply committee of the Common Council and Chamber of Commerce and is now serving on a similar committee on public markets. He was chairman of the Monroe county delegation at the Republican State Convention of 1894. Sloan, Samuel, son af Timothy Sloan, was born in the North of Ireland, near Belfast, in 1828, where he receiv-ed his education. In 1848 he emigrated to the United States and upon arriving in New York secured a position with the first wholesale dry goods house on Broadway, and engaged in the Australian shipping business. He remained in New York until it became necessary for him, in the interests of his firm, to go to Melbourne, Australia, where he remained for six years. In 1860 he returned to America and came to Rochester and embarked in the steam and gas fitting busi- ness, as a partner of R. E. Sherlock, and continued under the firm name of Sherlock & Sloan until 1880, when, upon the death oi Mr. Sherlock, Mr. Sloan became sole proprietor, and is now conducting an extensive wholesale business in plumbers', steamfitters' and engineers' supplies. Mr. Sloan is one of the original trustees of the Reynolds Library, and is president of the Mechanics' Savings Bank. 148 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Watkins, George B. — The successful establishment and management of such a business as that of W. H. Glenny & Co. in this city is a task requiring so much com- mercial ability that the guiding mind in control must be possessed of rare qualifica- tions; and a sketch of George Benton Watkins's career supports that view. Born in Utica, N.Y., August 12, 1852, of sturdy English descent, the youngest of ten chil- dren, his mother having died in his early infancy, he lived with an uncle on a farm until twelve years old. It was now that the elements of his future success began to manifest themselves. The farm could not hold him, aad with the two-fold pur- pose of taking advantage of the more advantageous educational facilities and opportunities aflorded in the city for making his own way in the world, he re- turned to his father's home. He attended the Utica High School, graduating there- from at si.xteen. While at school, in the early mornings he delivered papers, and in the afternoons worked in the newspaper office. Having secured a position in the leading crockery store of the place, with characteristic energy he applied himself to master the details of the business. His advancement in five years to the leading position in the store is an index of his success. His ambition still unsatisfied he looked for a position offering larger opportunities. This was secured with the firm of W. H. Glenny, Sons & Co., of Buffalo, N.Y., one of the largest importing houses in the countiy, their receiving, packing and shipping departments with its force of twenty men and ten boys being placed under his supervision. Strict attention to business and untiring energy brought further preferment, and soon he was in charge of their wholesale department. In 1876 the financial embarrassment of a Rochester house, largely indebted to Glenny, Sons & Co., necessitated the sending of a repre- sentative here to look after their interests. Mr. Watkins was chosen, and so well did he fulfill his trust, the local firm was enabled to pay all their indebtedness and continue their business. While attending to the company's interests here, Mr. Wat- kins was impressed with the desirability of Rochester as a point for the establishment of a permanent business. He .suggested the idea to Mr. Glenny, who, after mature deliberation, decided to open a store and did so under the .style of W. H. Glenny & Co., with Mr Watkins as manager. From its earliest inception the business here has been under the entire control of Mr. W' atkins. Established on the broad basis of equity and integrity its growth has been one continuous succe.ss. In 188(5 the elegant commercial building which the firm at present occupies at 190, 192 and 194 East Main street, was erected, and its seven floors are required for their constantly increasing trade. In 1891 Mr. Watkins was admitted to partnership, a well merited reward for his faithfulness and success. Of a retiring disposition, he is seldom identified with l)ublic interests, though often sought after. He is a charter member of the Chamber of Commerce, was five years director of the Y. M. C. A., and for ten years has been trustee and treasurer of the First Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Watkins was married at the age of twenty-one to Carrie, daughter of Sanford Peckham, Madison, Oneida county, N. Y. He is a Republican, and resides at 626 East Main street. Kinney, Hon. John F., was born in Ogden, Monroe county, N.Y., June 20, 1860. He received his elementary education in the Union School at Spencerport, after which he took a collegiate course at St. Joseph's College, Buffalo. After graduating he began the study of law in the office of William H. Bowman. He afterwards graduated from the Albany Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1881. In FAMILY SKETCHES. 149 January, 1890, a vacancy was created in the office of s])ecial county judge by the resignation of Judge Werner, and Governor Hill appointed Mr. Kinney to that posi- tion. Judge Kinney occupied the county bench so acceptably that in the ensuing election, when he was nominated by the Democratic party for special county judge, he was elected by a majority of 798 and was the only one on the ticket to escape de- feat. As a lawj^er he has conducted many important litigations and is regarded as one of the most able members of the Rochester bar, while as a judge he has dis- tinguished himself by his able, comprehensive and impartial decisions. In 1883 Judge Kinney married Elizabeth 'J. Hanlon, of Albany, by whom he has two sons and two daughters. He resides at No. 64 Lorimer street. Garlock, James S., was born in Parma, N. Y., January 4, 1836. He attended the public schools and later became a student at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, N. Y., then entered the Genesee College, and later attended the Satterlee & Dexter Collegiate Institute in Rochester. LTpon choosing law as his profession he entered the ofhce of Joseph A. Stull, and was admitted the the bar in 1860, at which time he began to practice in Rochester. In 1863 Mr. Garlock raised a company of cavalr}^ for the 24th Regiment New York State Vols. , and was mustered in as first lieutenant and commissary of the regiment. In 1864 he resigned bis office and re- sumed the practice of his profession. He is regarded as one of the leading attorneys of the county. Spahn, Jacob, was born in the city of Wartzburg, kingdom of Bavaria, Germany, February 24, 1849, of military stock and the second son of Andrew Spahn, soldier and revolutionist, who was compelled to flee from his native land the same year and who was himself the son of a veteran under Napoleon who survived the retreat from Moscow. He received his primary education in the public schools of New York city. The elder Spahn was for many years a manufactui'er of mouldings, in business with the late overseer of the poor, Joseph Schutte, on State and Water streets, prior to 1875. He settled in Rochester in 1862, where Jacob Spahn entered college and graduated from its university in 1870, having made his mark to some extent in litera- ture, for in his junior year a sketch, "The Prince Suwarow," which he had written, appeared in the Galaxy Magazine. Like his brother, Louis Spahn, of the Chicago bar, he secured the first Davis Medal of his year for oratory in his class on com- mencement day. During his college course he joined the Theta Delta Chi Fratern- ity and was its orator twice in 1873 and 1883. He was appointed major and engineer of the 25th Brigade National Guard April 21, 1877, by Governor Lucius Robinson. Upon leaving college he became a journalist, working successfully upon the staffs of the Union and Advertiser and the old Chronicle, whose city editor he became and remained until that paper's consolidation with the Democrat in 1872. He was ad- mitted to the bar in Buffalo, N. Y , June 21, 1871, after reading law with Hon. Francis A. Macomber, afterward a justice of the Supreme Court. In 1878 he became one of the organizers and secretary of the big Genesee Brewing Company at Roch- e.ster. At about the same time he began to take an interest in local pcjlitics and was nominated unanimously for member of Assembly by the city convention, but de- clined the honor. The same year he was appointed to write and deliver the poem before the associate Alumni of the University of Rochester. From 1878 to 1881 he officiated as military editor of the Sunday edition of the Democrat and Chronicle. 150 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. As such he allowed many criticisms upon the local military to appear and was in con- sequence court-martialed and cashiered from military rank after a long trial, cover- ing thirty sessions of the court, prosecuted against him by Hon. George Raines, then the judge advocate; but he secured a review of the case by writ of certiorari from the Supreme Court, which reversed the sentence and reinstated him. From this de- cision an unsuccessful appeal was taken by the adjutant-general. Major Spahn had for a short period theretofore officiated as temporary judge advocate of the local mili- tary and is still an officer in the National Guard S. N. Y., having been honorably re- tu-ed from active service by order of Adjutant-General Josiah Porter in 1886. His court-martial case now constitutes a precedent in military law. He has a commis- sion as colonel. Since his retirement from journalism he has written many .sketches and done general literary work for the magazines, among others the Galaxy, Harp- er s, Green Bag, Albany Law Journal, &c., besides the local papers. His law prac- tice is general and mainly confined to Germans, among whom it is very e.xtensive and must have been successful because he is a large tax-payer. As the oldest jirac- titioner of German extraction in Monroe county he is the dean of that nationality among the lawyers. One of his principal cases was to defeat the Rochester and Glen Haven Railroad Company from condemning the premises of Ferdinand Grisbel under the right of eminent domain m a proceeding begun in the Supreme Court, which is always a rare victory under the railroad law. The case is reported in 14 N. Y. Supplement 848. He also established the pioneer precedent in the State with reference to the police powers of cities as to shade trees on streets and their removal under city ordinance, in the case of Ellison vs. Allen reported in the 67 State Re- porter 274. For many years he has been a discriminating book buyer, and now pos- sesses not cmlv a law library containing with one exception every decision published in the State; but one of the largest collections of standard miscellaneous literature in the city. As a tax-payer his frequent denunciation of alleged municipal extrava- gance and mismanagement have furnished him quite a political following. Nomina- tions to office are from time to time tendered him by his friends and neighbors, but up to date he has shown no inclination for public life. At present he figures as chairman of a permanent good government club irrespective of party, formed from, among the leading citizens in the 6th, 8th and 16th wards, and as such he was author- ized to call a meeting any time for action at the election polls in these wards. Warner, George E., was born in Fair Haven, Cayuga county, N. Y., November 7, 1855, came to Rochester when an infant, and was educated in the public schools of this city. He afterwards entered the office of H. H. Woodard as a student at law, and was admitted to the bar at the General Term in Syracuse, in January, 1877, and opened an office in Rochester for the practice of general law. In 1881 he was elected judge of the Municipal Court, and re-elected in 1887 and again in 1898. IMr. Warner is one of the best known attorneys in the county, Williams, Charles M., was born in Rochester, N. Y., April 30, 1851, eldest son of Charles H., and grandson of Rev. Comfort Williams, the first settled pastor of Roch- ester, N. Y. Mr. Williams received his early education at the Free Academy of this city and was graduated from the University of Rochester in 1871, at which time he entered the office of E. A. Raymond, as a student at law; he was afterward in the law office of Hon. John Van Voorhes, and was admitted to the bar in 1875, at which FAMILY SKETCHES. 151 time he entered m co-partnership with J. R. Fanning, for the practice of general law. In 1879 he was elected school commissioner of the sixth ward, being nominated by both parties. In 1888 Mr. Williams was elected a member of the Board of Trustees of the University of Rochester, and has been its secretary and treasurer since 1891. Cummings, Scott, was born in 18.52 in Cattaraugus county, this State. His educa- tion was derived from the common schools, and a few terms at an academy, in con- nection with special courses of study. His father, John T. Cummings, was a man of excellent mind, character, and intelligence. The .son inherited the disposition for general reading, and early acquired this wholesome habit, so that his education came largely from self-help. Mr. Cummings pursfled a four years' course of legal study, and was admitted to the bar of this State at Buffalo, General Term, in June, 1881. For five years thereafter he practiced law in Erie county. In the spring of 1886 he removed to the city of Rochester, since which time he has been the attorney and counsel for the mercantile agency of Messrs. R. G. Dun & Co., and which position he still holds. Barnes, Charles R., was born in Rochester, N. Y., in 1853, and at an early age was appointed telegraph operator at Spencerport, N. Y., where he studied electricity as much as opportunity permitted. He was appointed superintendent of fire alarm system of Rochester and afterwards city electrician, in which capacity he still serves. Mr. Barnes has just completed the construction of an electric yacht, which is quite a little marvel. Lodge, Clarence V., was born in Henrietta, Monroe connty, K. Y., June 24, 1853. He was educated at Henrietta, at Auburn, N. Y., and in 1873 was graduated from the Gene-see Wesleyan Seminar\-, after which he conducted a farm in Henrietta un- til 1886, when he was appointed keeper of the Monroe county Alms House. In the fall of 1894 he was elected county superintendent of the poor for thi-ee years. His father, James L. Lodge, came to Henrietta from Cayuga county in 1852 and still re- sides there. He married Mary D. Savery and has had two sons, Clarence V. and Lionel S. , the latter a dentist in Buffalo. Clarence V. Lodge was married November 15, 187d, to Mij.s Nellie S. , daughter of William Remington, of Henrietta. Walter, John A. P., was born in 1840, in the Electorate of Hesse, near Frankfort on the Main, and came to this country with his parents in 1855 and located in Roch- ester, where he attended the jDublic schools, and later the Lutheran Parochial schools. In 1862 Mr. Walter enlisted in Company H, 105th N. Y. Vols., and served several months, when he was transferred to the 94th New York Volunteers, and served in that company until the surrender at Appomattox. He was in the battles of Cedar Mountain, Gettysburg and Petersburg, and was honorably discharged in 1865, at Albany, N. Y., as commissary sergeant of his regiment. In 1866 he returned to Rochester and joined the National Guard, from which he resigned as captain. At that time he began working at his trade as tinsmith, and in 1872 started for himself in the general hardware business at No. 198 Hudson street, and is still in that busi- ness under the firm name of Walter & Son. Mr. Walter was a member of the Board of Supervisors from 1879 until 1881. In 1891 he was appointed City Fire Marshal, which office he has held for the last four years. He is a member and past commander of Peisner Post No. 106, G. A. R., member of Monroe Commandery No. 12, K. T., the Odd Fellow fraternity, the order of Redmen. the Knights of the Maccabees, etc. l.Vi LANDMARKS OF MONROK COUNTY. Kuichling, Emil, was born in Germany in 1848. son of the late Dr. Louis Kuichling. He received his early education in Rochester, and in 186H was graduated from Roch- ester University, and the following year he took the post-graduate course and received the degree of Civil Engineer. In 1872 he entered the Polytechnic school at Karls- ruhe, Germany, where he spent three j^ears in the further study of his profession, and in the spring of 1873 he was appointed assistant engineer on the water works of this city then in process of construction, which position he held for ten years. The fall, winter and spring of 1888-84 were spent in Europe in the study of the sanitary conditions of the sewerage systems and water supplies of large cities. In the spring of 1885 Mr. KuichUngwas elected a mejnber of the executive board of th'scity on the Democratic ticket, and after servmg two and a half years he made the survey and preliminary plans for the east side trunk sewer, which work occupied his time for nearly two years. He spent the summer of 1889 in Europe, studying municipal engineering, especially the various methods of sewerage disposal. Upon his return he was engaged by the East Jersey Water Company as assistant engineer in the pre- paration of plans for the large street conduit for the water supply of Newark, N. J., and he remained on this work until the fall of 1890, at which time he was appointed as chief engineer of the Rochester water works, and to prepare plans for the new conduit which is now completed. Mr. Kuichling has been called as an expert wit- ness in many judicial proceedings. He is a member of all branches of the Masonic order. O'Brien, John Charles, was born in Rochester, N. Y., May 8, 1838. In June, 1856, he was graduated from Hobart College with the degree of B. A., and in 1881 received the degree of Master of Arts. He read law with Judge Charles J. Folger, of Geneva, N. Y., and in 1863 was graduated from the Albany Law School, where he received the degree of LL.B., and also passed the General Term examination, and subse- quently was admitted to the United States District and Circuit Courts. He was act- ing assistant district attorney under William H. Bowman and C. C. Davison. He was the first supervisor of the fifteenth ward, and for the second term was nominated on both the Democratic and Republican tickets, but declined to accept the office. Jan- uary 31, 1867, he married Agnes E. O'Leary, of Ontario, by whom he had six chil- dren. Two of his sons have been graduated from the University of Toronto, and one from Cornell University. The oldest son is to be associated with his father in the practice of law in this city. Mr. O Brien's practice has been chiefly in the drawing of wills, the settlement of estates, and as referee. Crittenden, William Butler, was born in Deerfield, Mass., August 5, 1851, at the Memorial Hall, which was then Deerfield Academy, of which his father. Cotton M. Crittendon (formerly librarian of the Court of Appeals Library at Rochester), was principal. He received his education from his father, who moved to Rochester in 1853. He studied law in the Boston University Law School, was upon the reporto- rial staflf of the Boston Journal from 1872 to 1874, and was admitted to the bar in 187(), at Rochester, N. Y., where he has since practiced his profession. Sprague, George W., son of Foster and Elvira Sprague, was born in Coburg, Ont., May 14, 1838, and the following year removed with his parents to Rochester. He attended the public schools for some years, after which he entered into partnership FAMILY SKETCHES. 153 with his father, and carried on a general hardware store in this city under the firm name of F. Sprague & Son. In 1875 he sold his interest in the hardware business and entered into the fire insurance bu.siness, in which he still continues, representing a number of first-class English and American companies. He is a member of the Rochester Board of Underwriters. Hulett, Pierson B., was born in Brighton, Monroe county, N. Y., November 17, 1837. He became a student of law and was admitted to the bar December 18, 1858, at the General Term in Rochester, where he has been a most successful practitioner. In 1875 Mr. Hulett was elected special county judge and served in that capacity for three years, and was re-elected in 1879. In the fall of 1884 he formed a partnership with Vincent M. Smith, as Smith & Hulett, which terminated with Mr. Smith's death in May, 1886. About two years ago the present firm of Hulett & Gibbs was formed. Mr. Gibbs was a student of Mr. Hulett' s. Hone, Frank J., was born in Rochester, August 9, 1857, and is a son of Alexander B. Hone. His early education was received in private schools of this city, and in 1879 he was graduated from Seton Hall College, of South Orange, New Jersey, at which time he began the study of law in the office of Rowley & Johnson, of Roch- ester, and was admitted to the bar at the general term in October, 1881. In 1884 he formed a co-partnership for the practice of law with Charles B. Ernst, which has since continued, and upon Mr. Ernst being appointed city attorney Mr. Hone was associated with him as assistant city attorney, and while holding that position he was the acting counsel for the Board of Park Commissioners of Rochester, and of the Board of Health of this city. Upon retiring from the office of assistant city attorney he was appointed attorney for the Board of Health, which position he still retains. Lewis, Hon. Merton E., was born in Webster, Monroe county, December 10, 1861. He attended the Webster Union School and was graduated in 1882. He read law with James B. Perkins, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar in this city in June, 1887. In 1890 he was elected alderman of the Sixteenth ward, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of H. G. Thayer; he was re-elected in 1891 as alderman of the Eighteenth ward, and in 1895 became mayor on the resignation of George W. Aldridge. In 1886 he married Adeline L. Moody, of Webster, N.Y., who died June 9, 1894, leaving two sons, Donald and Roscoe. He was elected president of the Common Council in 1894, and is also president of the Riverside Cemetery Association. His father, who was born in New Jersey in 1826, now resides with his son in this city, was one of the early settlers of Wayne county. Merton E. Lewis was elected delegate to the National Convention in 1894, and is the senior member of the law firm of Lewis & Jack. Yeoman, George F., ex-justice of the Supreme Court for the Seventh Judicial Dis- trict of this State, was born in Delaware county, N.Y., in 1846. He studied at the University of Rochester, and began the practice of law in this city in 1875. The death of Judge Francis A. Macomber caused a vacancy on the bench and on November 10, 1893, Governor Flower appointed Mr. Yeoman to fill the same. He took the oath of office November 15, 1893, and retired December 31, 1894. 15i LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Block, Alviu, was born in Rochester, N.Y., April ;>0, 1SG2, where he attended the public schools and later became a student at the Rochester Free Academy, from which he was graduated in 1880. He then entered the office of Fanning & Williams for the purpose of studying law, and later the office of Charles M. Allen, from wliich he was admitted .to the bar in 1885. In 1885-86 Mr. Block represented the Twelfth ward as a member of the Board of Supervisors. He is a very sharp and shrewd attorney ; which has won for him a large practice. Rochester, John H., vice-president of the Board of Park Ccmimissioners, is the last male representative of the famous family by which Rochester was founded and after whom it is named. He was born here April 20, 1828. He was educated in the schof)ls of this city and at the age of eighteen entered upon his life work in the Rochester City Bank, of which his father, Thomas H. Rochester, was president. He subsequently carried on a private banking business for five years with his brother under the name of John H. Rochester & Bro. Then he became cashier in the Flower City Bank for three years. When the Mechanics' Savings Bank was chartered and entered upon its career, John H. Rochester became its secretary and treasurer, a position he has filled ever since for a period of over twenty-seven years, being the oldest banker in active service in this city. He has been connected with social, religious and public institutions throughout his career. He is a member of the liene- see Valley and Whist Clubs and was for three years president of the Rochester Club. He is the oldest member of St. Luke's church in point of years of member- ship. He has been treasurer of the Church Home for twenty-five years; treasurer of the Red Cross Society and yellow fever fund; is president of the Rochester Historical Society, and, as stated above, vice president of the Board of Park Com- missioners. He has traveled extensively and is a well informed and public spirited citizen. He has always taken a deep interest in public affairs of his native city, but has never sought or held public office. He married, in 1853, Elizabeth L. Moore, of Vicksburg. He has two sons: Thomas M., a practicing physician in Brooklyn, and Paul A., in the railroad service in New York. Mr. Rochester is one of the fore- most citizens in Rochester and one of the hardest working of the commissioners. He has always taken an interest in the parks and is a man of practical ideas. His selection to the board was a wise one and he was honored at the first meeting by an election as vice-president. John H. Rochester is the kind of man who honors a city by public spirit and enterprise. Cook. John C, was born in Rochester, October 8, 1857, and was educated in public and private schools. His father, Levi, was a skilled mechanic, and naturally the son developed considerable ability in that direction in his early years, but subsequently developed a preference for mercantile pursuits, and on the 14th of February, 187(i, he was tendered a position in the Rochester office of R. G. Dun & Co. His faithful- ness to the interests of the bu.siness won him the confidence of his employers and after a few years he was assigned the duties of chief clerk ; he was subsequently ap- pointed assistant manager, which position he held for a number of years, until January 1, 1893, when he was appointed manager, which recognition by the company was highly complimentary to Mr. Cook, as he is the youngest manager whom they have entrusted with their large and growing business in Rochester. He is favorably known by all businessmen in this community, thoroughly posted in his bu.siness, and Family sitETCHfis. i55 his untiring efforts to serve the patrons of R. G. Dun & Co. have gained for him an enviable reputation. He was married to Jennie M. Plass in 1880, by the venerable Dr. James B. Shaw, which union has been blessed with three children, two of whom are uow living, Mildred E. and Howard M. Mr. and Mrs. Cook are members of the Brick Presbyterian church, with which they have been connected a number of years. Hebing, Henry, was born at Bochold, Germany, November 24, 1834. He at- tended the schools of Rochester, where he received his academic education. In 1855 he engaged in the hardware business as clerk for Galen & Moore. The firm of Moore, Hebing & Co. followed them in 1859 and conducted a successful business until 1864, when Hebing & Miller succeeded. In 1866 Mr. Miller retired and since that time Mr. Hebing has conducted the bu.siness alone. He has always interested himself in public affairs, and has filled various jDositions in the gift of his fellow citi- zens. He represented the Twelfth ward in the Common Council for two terms from 1861 to 1865, and the Sixth ward in 1879 and 1880. In 1888 he represented the dis- trict in the Electoral College, and in August, 1889, was appointed collector of cus- toms for the port of Genesee. For several years he has been a director of the Ger- man American Bank, and a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and has been a member of the Mannerchor for more than a quarter of a century and president of the organization for half that time. It may be safely affirmed that no one has con- tributed more than he to the ediication of this community in the most delightful of all arts, while in addition to this, his gifts and skill as an amateur painter have found expression in the production of some work of rare merit. Sibley, Rufus Adams, was born at Spencer, Mass., December 3, 1841, being a lin- eal "descendant of John Sibley, who came from St. Albans, England, and settled at Salem, Mass., in 1629, about ten years later than the settlement of Plymouth. He is also a lineal descendant of that Henry Adams, who arrived from Devonshire, Eng- land, and settled at Quincy, Mass., in 1632, to whom Pres. John Adams erected a monument in the old burying ground at Quincy, Mass., which bears this inscription ' — " In memory of Henry Adams, w^ho took his flight from the dragon persecution in Devonshire and alighted with eight sons near Mt. Wollaston." Also a lineal de- scendant of John Livermore, who arrived in New England, in 1634, and settled in Watertown, Mass., in 1642. At the age of fifteen Mr. Sibley taught the winter term in a district school, and a second term the year following. At seventeen he entered a general store as clerk and bookkeeper, where he remained five j'ears, leaving this situation for the purpose of completing his studies in civil engineering at the Law- rence Scientific School of Harvard College. He decided, however, to accept a posi- tion in the office of Hogg, Brown & Taylor, at Boston, remaining there three years, when he resigned in order to commence the dry goods busines in Rochester, N. Y., under the firm name of Sibley, Lindsay & Curr, in March, 1868. Mr. Sibley was married October 11, 1870, to Martha, daughter of Rev. John Haven, of Charlton, Mass., who died in 1883, leaving a son, Edward R. Sibley. He married Elizabeth Sibley Conkey, in 1885, by whom he has two children. Since the foundation of the business house referred to, Mr. Sibley has been closely identified with the growth and prosperity of the city of his adoption, and has large interests in other portions of the United States The twelve story, fire-proof structure, known as the Granite building, in Rochester, erected by the firm of Sibley, Lindsay & Curr, in 1893, is an 156 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. important contributiou to the growth of the city. Mr. Sibley is a trustee of the Rochester Savings Banks, of the Rochester Trust and Safe Deposit Company, of the Security Trust Company, the Industrial School, the City Hospital, and the Univer- sity of Rochester, and a director in several corporations, and is, at the present time, actively engaged in the dry goods business with his partners in Rochester, New York city, Erie, Pa., and in Minneapolis, Minn., with offices in England, France, Germany, and Switzerland. Paine, Cyrus F., was born January 16, 1827, at Broadalbin, Montgomery county, N. Y. At the age of nine years he removed with his parents to Albion, Orleans county, N. Y., where he received his early education, graduating from the Albion Acadtemy. He came to Rochester in 1846 and entered the book store of Sage tV Brother, where he remained until 1852, when he formed a partnership with Alfred S. Lane. Together they purchased the stock of drugs of L. B. Swan, and Mr. Paine remamed an active member of the firm until 1888, when he retired from active busi- ness, leaving the management of the store to the firm, which is well known through- out Western New York as the Paine Drug Company. In 185:3 Mr. Paine was elected treasurer and in 1873 trustee of the New York Baptist Union for Ministerial Educa- tion, which position he has since held. He has also been trustee of the Monroe County Savings Bank for the past twenty-five years, is a trustee of the Reynolds Li- brary, and was a member of the Common Council in 1866-68. The family in America is descended from Thomas Paine, who came to Massachusetts from England in 1621. It is one of the oldest families in genealogical descent in the United States and traces its lineage in an unbroken line to the earliest accessions to the Plymouth Col- ony. Cyrus T. Paine's father. Dr. L. C. Paine, was born in Shaftsbury, Vt., No- vember 9, 1787, and died in Albion, N. Y., January 3, 1873, where he was in active practice up to within a few years of his death. Dr. Paine was appointed surgeon of the 121st Regiment of Infantry of the State of New York, April 29, 1814, by Gov. Daniel D. Tompkins. Foote, Nathaniel, son of Nathaniel Foote, was born in Morrisville, N. Y., Novem- ber 15, 1849. He received his early education in his native town, after which he entered the Cazenovia Seminary, where he remained for two years, when he entered the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, N. Y., and was graduated in 1866; in 1870 he was graduated from Hamilton College as Bachelor of Arts, and afterward re- ceived the degree of Master of Ai'ts; he then became instructor of classics at the Monticello Academy, where he remained one year, after which he began the prac- tice of law in his native town and formed a partnership with John E. Smith, which continued until July, 1873, when he came to Rochester and opened an office. Mr. Foote is recognized as one of the leading attorneys of Western New York. January 10, 1872, he married Charlotte, daughter of the late James C. Campbell, of this city. Mr. Foote was for three years a member of the law firm of Stull, Foote & Taylor, and later of Stull & Foote, and is now senior member of the firm of Foote & Haven, with offices in the Granite building of Rochester. Mr. Foote was one of the dele- gates from this senatorial district to the Constitutional Convention, which made and submitted to the people the Revised Constitution of the State which was adopted in 1894. On the organization of the Rochester Bar Association in 1893, Mr. P"'oote FAMILY SKETCHES. 157 was chosen as its president and was re-elected to the same office the following year. Butts, Simon, was born in Monroe county. Pa., in 1822, and came to the town of Greece with his parents in 1832, was educated in the public schools, and followed the occupation of farming. He was married twice, first, in 1850 to Elizabeth M. Low- den, and they had two children: Emmett, who died in his fourth year, and Flora, now Mrs. John Desmond of Rochester, and they have one daughter, Laura M. Mrs. Butts died March 12, 1855. For his second wife, March 21, 1860, he married Sarah E. Way of this town, and they have had six children: Nellie D., Martie M., George W., Anna L., Sadie H., and Chesa M. Anna L. died in infancy. George W., who was a promising young man, died in his twenty-second year. Mr. Butts's father, Christian, was born at the old home in Pennsylvania in 1790, was a cooper by trade, and came to Rochester in 1824 and went to work for Benjamin Wilcox at the Rapids and moved to Greece as above stated. He married Mrs. Elizabeth Ar- nold of his native State and they had six children: Daniel, Simon, as above, Sarah A., Betsey, Mary and Susan. Mr. Butts died in 1888, aged ninety-eight years, and his wife in 1876. Mrs. Butts's father, William B. Way, was born in Cape May, N. J., March 9, 1803, and was a farmer by occupation, and came to Western New York in 1838. He married Deborah A. Ellis of Burlington, N. J., and they had five children that grew to maturity: Micajah E. , Anna M., as above, William B. , who was a soldier in the war in the 9th Michigan Cavalry Vol., was honorably dis- charged at the close of the war, and died soon after reaching home, Sarah E., as above, and Bertha M., who died .some years ago. These old families have been identified with the best interests of the town and county since they came here. Morgan, Mrs. D. S. — Dayton S. Morgan was born in Ogden, November 17, 1819, son of Samuel Morgan, who traces his ancestry to James Morgan, of Wales, who came to the United States landing at Boston in April, 1636, and settled in Roxbury Mass. Samuel left Connecticut in early life with his father's family and came« to the Mohawk Valley settling in Herkimer county but afterwards came to Monroe county where they were all engaged in farming. Samuel married Sarah Dayton ; he was always prominent in all good measures, both religious and moral, and took an active part in the earlj' development of the town. Dayton S. was educated in the Brockport Collegiate Institute, and at Herkimer, and as a young man took an in- terest in the leading social, religious and charitable institutions near him. In 1844 he entered into partnership with William H. Seymour, in the manufacture of mowers and reapers, which business developed into a gigantic enterprise, known not only throughout the United States but in all foreign countries. In 1864 he married Susan M. Joslyn, daughter of Isaac Joslyn, of Oneida, and they are the parents of seven children: George D., William P., Henr}% Gifford, Mrs. Sarah Manning, of New York city, Susan, and Gladys E. Dayton S. took a deep interest in the development of Brockport, its schools and religious institutions, and was vestryman of St. Luke's church for twenty years. Mr. Morgan died in 1890, aged seventy-one years, a loss not only to his immediate family but to all who knew him. Clark, Charles H., was born in Yates, Orleans county. December 14, 1842. His father, Lambert Clark, settled in that town about 1830, was one of the founders and 158 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. supporters f)f the old Yates Academj', and died there in 1889. After receiving his education in the district schools and pursuing a course of study at the local academy Charles H. Clark came to Rochester, where he began active life in a machine shop on a very small salary. Since then he has followed, in one capacity or another, the machinist's trade, rising through all its branches to proprietor and employer. For seventeen years conrjected with the firm of Sargent &• Greenleaf, lock manufacturers, working in their establishment as contractor and foreman. In 1804 he started in business for himself manufacturing machinery, special tools, punches, die.s, formers, and metal specialties. He originated a kerosine oil heating sy.stem for machinery and also many other devices of practical and general utility. Since 1890, when his brother. Morns F Clark, was admitted to partnership, the business has been con- ducted under the style of the Clark Novelty Company. July, 1895, the firm moved to its present quarters at Nos. 380 and 382 Exchange street. Starting in a small way with limited facilities, the concern has grown into one of the important manu- facturing indu.stries in Rochester, and commands a trade extending over a wide ter- ritory. In 18G8 Mr. Clark married Sarah A., daughter of Humphrey Jones, a retired woolen manufacturer of Rochester. They have had two sons: C. Herbert, born November 24, 1874, a graduate of the Rochester Free Academy, class of '93, and Laurens M., born June 12, 1888. Warner, J. P'oster. — The Warner family in America of which J. Foster Warner, of Rochester, is a representative, descends from Amos Warner, sr. , a resident of Con- necticut, who served three years in the Continental army during the Revolution. He was the father of Amos, jr. , whose son, Andrew J. came to Rochester in 1847. The latter was a draftsman in the office of his uncle, Merwin Austin, architect, and made the drawings of the old court house, which was torn down to give place to the new structure in 1894. J. Foster Warner, son of Andrew J., was born in this city May 5, 1859, and received his education in the schools of his birthplace. Deciding upon architecture as a life profession he entered the office of his father, tf) whose artistic conception many of the earlier buildings of Rochester and vicinity are in- debted; afterwards he was for one year in the office of Charles H. Marsh, architect, of Detroit, and upon returning to this city formed a partnership with his father, which continued successfully until 1889. Since then he has practiced . alone. Mr. Warner is one of the leading architects in Western New York and has acquired a wide reputation. Possessing in a high degree the finer qualities of an artist he has exemplified the conceptions of a master in many handsome structures which grace the city of Rochester and other centers of activity. In purity of outline his designs are clear, concise, and forceful, while in style and finish they are at once beautiful and striking. Among the numerous buildings that stand as monuments of his skill are the Rochester State and Homopathic hospitals and the Granite building, the handsome new Monroe county court-house and the present George Eastman and William H. (iorsline residences on East Avenue; many others might also be men- tioned. In 1883 Mr. Warner married Mary L. Adams, of Rochester. He is a mem- ber of the Genesee Valley Club, the Rochester Yacht Club, and the Society of Sons of the American Revolution. Garson, Charles, was born February 16, 18<)2, and received a common school edu- cation. He began the study of designing clothing, for the product of which Roch- FAMILY SKETCHES. 159 ester has a world-wide reputation. Mr. Garson has made a great success of his avocation and is regarded as one of the leading designers of the country. In 1889 he started an extensive clothing factory of his own, and is now one of the foremost manufacturers of this city. Atkinson, Hobart Ford, son of William Atkinson, a prominent miller of Monroe county, was born in Rochester, N. Y.. October 5, 1825, and was educated in the pub- lic schools of his native city. At an early age Mr. Atkinson began his banking career as clerk in the old Commercial Bank, and was gradually promoted until he became cashier, which position he filled until the closing of that bank. After its reorgani- zation he was elected president and served for several years. In .888 he was elected vice-president of the Bank of Monroe, and the same year was appointed one of the executors of the large estate of Hiram Sibley. In 1855 Mr. Atkinson married Miss Louise, daughter of the late Hiram Sibley, who died in 1865, leaving two daughters. In 1875 he married for his second wife INIiss Harriet, daughter of James P. Apple- ton, of Manlius, N. Y. Brewster, Henry C, son of Simon L., was born in Rochester, N. Y., September 7, 1845, and was educated in the public schools. In 1863 he entered, as clerk, the Traders National Bank, was appointed cashier in 1868, and, after faithfully serving over twentj'-six years in that capacity, was elected vice-president in January, 1895. October 5, 1876, he married Alice E., daughter of the late Louis Chapin, of Roch- ester, N. Y. Mr. Brew.ster has always been prominently identified with the Repub- lican party and in the fall of 1894 was elected, by an overwhelming majority, member of Congress; he is also commissioner of Mt. Hopecemetery, direqtorof the Rochester and Genesee Valley Railroad Company, vice-presidentof the Alliance Bank, vice-presi- dent of the Rochester Trust and Safe Deposit Company, trustee of St. Peter's Pres- byterian church, director of the Eastman Kodak Company, governer of the Rochester Homoeopathic hospital, director of the Rochester anu Irondequoit Railroad Com- pan3% and the Rochester and Lake Ontario Railway Company, vice-president of New York State Bankers' Association, a member of the Genesee Valley Ch:b, and Roch- ester Whist Club, and is one of the most popular and enterprising men in Rochester. He was one of the originators and a charter member of the Chamber of Commerce, of which he was for two years first vice-president and for one term president. He was also for four years joresident of the Rochester Clearing House Association, and has long been prominently identified with the material growth and prosperity of the city. Gibbs, Everett O., son of Warren S., who came to Rochester about 1860, was born in this city April 1, 1870. He was educated in the public schools of Rochester and Syracu.se, and later was under the private tutelage of Prof. E. M. Sparling. In Sep- tember, 1887, he entered the office of ex-Judge P. B. Hulett for the study of law, and was admitted to the bar at the Rochester General Term, March 30, 1893. The same year he formed a partnership with his preceptor, under the firm name of Hulett & Gibbs, which .still continues. He is a member of the Flour City Democracy, and one of the rising young attorneys of Rochester. Fenn, Albert O., was born in Rochester, September 5, 1861, and son of William W. and grandson of Harvey C. Fenn, who came to this city in 1836. He received his IfiO LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. early education in No. 5 School, and in 1878 was graduated from the Rochester Free Academy. Mr. Fenn has been connected with the banking business from the first, starting in as messsenger boy for the Commercial Bank, then located in the old Wilder building, corner of Main and Exchange streets. In 1880 he became connected with the Traders' Bank as collection clerk, and during his fourteen years' service occupied each position successfully up to that of paying teller. In 1893 he severed his connection with this bank and became interested in the formation of the Alliance Bank, accepting the position of cashier, which he still holds. Murphy, Judge John Martin, was born in Lima, N. Y., March 24, 1859, and received his education at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, from which he was graduated in June, 1870. The same year he began the study of law in the office of D. C. Feely, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar in October, 1883, when he at once com- menced the general practice of his profession. Mr. Murphy has built up a good reputation as a lawyer. In 18j5 he was appointed judge of the Municipal Court, at a meeting of the Common Council, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of the late Judge Craig. Taylor, Zachary P., was born in Oneida county, N. Y. , February 8, 1846, removed with his parents to Clarendon, Orleans county, and was educated in the Brockport Collegiate Institute, now^ the State Normal School, from which institution he was graduated in 1864. After teaching school one year he entered the University of Rochester and was graduated in 1869. He was then for two and one-half years instructor of classics in the Buffalo Central High School, and later held the same posi- tion in the Central High School of Cleveland, Ohio. In the meantime he read law in the offices of Wadsworth & White, of Buffalo, and Judge Jesse P. Bishop, of Cleve- land, and was graduated from the Cleveland Law School in 1872, being valedictorian of his class, which comprised twenty-six members. He was principal of the West and Central High vSchools of Cleveland until 1883, when he came to Rochester as principal of the Free Academy, which position he acceptably filled until the fall of 1886, when he resumed the practice of his profession in Rochester. He is now senior member of the law firm of Taylor & Marsh. Mr. Taylor has been actively identified with the Prohibition party, workmg and speaking for its cause, and was its candidate for State senator, in 1887, when he received a very flattering vote. He was lay delegate to the General Conference of the M. E. Church held in New York city in May, 1888. and was a member of the committee of five which prepared a resolution to be submitted to the subordinate conferences as to whether women should be admitted as lay representatives to the general body. December 29, 1875. he married Miss Mary E., daughter of the late Hiram Davis, of Rochester, and they have had four children : Mortimer D. (who died August 2, 1892, aged fifteen), and Herbert R., Helen, and Marion, aged respectively fourteen, eight, and six years. Heughes, Frederick Lee, was born in Rochester in 1850, and is a son of William Heughes, one of the first publishers of books in this city, who settled here in 1843. Mr. Heughes served an apprenticeship in his father's printing office and received his education at the public schools, graduating from the old High School in 1866. After leaving school he returned to the printing business, and being of a mechanical turn, be invented and patented a press for printing in colors, a working model of which is FAMILY SKETCHES. 161 uow in the patcMit ofiiL-e. In 1871, after a severe illness, lie entered the employ of W. H. Cheney as bookkeeper and later became general manager, and it was here that Mr. Heughes sawthe general use that could be made of rolled beams, as girders, joists, etc. In 1878 he became an n-on contractor, and since the fall of 1879 has been very successful, having finished and erected the Wilder building, the Granite and Sibley, Lindsay & Curr buildings, the Powers Hotel, the German Insurance building, the new Chamber of Commerce, the new Court House, and hundreds of other fire-proof structures throughout Central and Western New York. He has been eminently successful and has accumulated a fortune. Commencing active life with no capital but perseverance, energy and shrewd foresight, he has attained through his own efforts the highest position among the leading manufacturers of the country. Prompt, upright and candid m business transactions, he has never given or received promissory note, his word being always considered as good as his bond. Few men have ever enjoyed the wide and enviable reputation which Mr. Heughes has ac- quired, and fewer still have ever ranked higher in their cho.sen calling. He is largely interested in Rochester real estate and has built up, literally speaking, more of the city than any other man. In politics he has always been a Republican and is an ad- vocate of sound money on a gold basis. His home life is especially happy, and his leisure is spent amidst the social environments of his family. In 1883 he was mar- ried to Miss Efhe M. Kinne, of Lockport, N. Y.,'and they have had three sons: ■ Herbert F., Walter Lee, and Benjamin A. Shantz, Closes B., was born in Berlin, Canada, August 24, 18r)2, where he received his early education, later attending a business college for a few months, aftei which he entered the eniploy of his father as a bookkeeper and business manager, in which capacity he remained for a number of years, making a study of the business in which he is now engaged, the manufacturing of buttons. In 1887 Mr. Shantz came to Rochester and in a small way began the manufacture of buttons, which has since in- creased until at the present time it is one of the largest plants of its kind in the * United States. In 1891 the stock company of M. B. Shantz & Co. was organized and incorporated with a capital of $150,000 and with Mr. Shantz, president; H. E. Wheeler, vice-president; H. K. Elston, .secretary and treasurer, all of whom still hold their respective offices. The company has branch salesrooms in New York, Philadelphia and Chicago. Bly, Myron T., son of John E. Bly, was born in Henrietta, Monroe county, New York. He prepared for college at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminaiy, and entering the LTniversity of Rochester in 1876 was graduated in June, 1880. He paid the ex- penses of his education by his own labor. During the first part of his college course he filled a reporter's position on the Rochester Morning Herald. Later, he became editor of the Sunday Morning Herald, which post he continued to hold uniil his graduation. Immediately after graduation he began the .study of law, and was ad- mitted to the Mcmroe county bar m 1883. He began tt) practice in Rochester immed- iately afterward, and has built up a large and lucrative business. Mr. Bly's journal- istic work, originally entered upon for the purpose of paying college e.\penses, has produced other results. During his senior year in college, besides attending to his college work and editing a weekly paper, he contested for and won the highest liter- ary prize of the university. While studying law he prcj-iared a scries of articles on 162 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. "Milling Law and Legislation," which were published in The American Miller dur- ing the year 188L In the same year he wrote for the American Tanner a serial story entitled -'My Tannerville Client." During the four years from 1885 to 1889 he wrote monthly articles for The Boston Path-finder, under the title: " Legal Hints for Trav- eler.s." He has written two text-books for use in academies. The first, "A Treatise on Business Law." was published in 1891. In 1893 came " Descriptive Economics." The latter has attracted wide attention among educators. Mr. Bly is one of the esteemed business men of Rochester and is known as a careful, conscientious at- torney. Davis, William G., was born in New York city and finished his education at the Wilson Collegiate Institute in Niagara county. At the age of fifteen he began his active life as a clerk in the old dry goods house of S. B. Chittenden & Co. in New York city, where he remained until the breaking out of the war in 1861, when he en- listed in the 1st R. I. Inf., Col. (afterward general) A. E. Burnside, and served three years, being promoted to the rank of major. Returning to New York he engaged in the dry goods business until 1880, when he removed to Rochester, where he has been associated with the firm of Burke, Fitz Simons, Hone & Co. until 1889. He then en- gaged in his present busmess as a general dealer in real estate. He is a member of the Rochester Real Estate Exchange, the Chamber of Commerce, and the Masonic fraternity, being a Knight Templar. Menzie, Herbert J., was born at Riga, N. Y. , June 19, 1802. He attended the pulilic schools of his native town and later became a student at the Brockport Normal School, from which he was graduated in 1881. He then entered the University of Rochester and was graduated from that institution in 1886, receiving the degree of B. A., winning the senior mathematical prize (Stoddard medal), being one of the commencement speakers, and being elected a member of Phi Beta Kappa fraternity. From 1886 to 1888 he was principal of the 17th district school of Milwaukee, Wis., and while there received a State life certificate for teaching. He then entered the law department of Yale College and remained one year, when he came to Rochester and began the study of his chosen profession in the office of McNaughton & Taylor. He was admitted to the bar in 1890, and since then he has practiced law in this city, where he has been successful. He is a member of the Rochester Lodge, No. 600, F. & A. M., the Alpha Delta Phi, and of the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity. Chamberlain, Philetus, was born in Rose, Wayne county, N. Y., April 14, 1854, and received his education at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, of Lima, N. Y., and Syracuse University. Choosing law as his profession he began his studies in the office of Martindale & Oliver, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar at the Gen- eral Term in October, 1879. He began practice in this city, and has been more than successful. He is a leading factor in and a hard worker for the Republican party, and is actively identified with a number of charitable societies and various other organizations of the city, where he is well and popularly known. Keenan, Edward Arthur, was born at East Bloomfield, Ontario county, N. Y., August 1, 1861. Receiving his rudimentary education in his native town he became a student at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, from which institution he was gradu- ated with honor in June. 1ST7. lie engaged in teachnig in the public schools, and in Family sketches. i(i3 the spring of 1889 entered tlie office of William \V. Mumford, of Rochester, N. Y., as a student at law. He was admitted to the bar at the General Term m the fall of 1892, and immediately afterwards formed co-partnership with his brother-in-law, Judge John M. Murphy, for the prtictice of general law, which still continues. Hamilton. John B., was born at Avon, Livingston county, N. Y., January 10, 1843, and is of Scotch parentage. He received his early education in his native town and subsequently attended the schools of Poughkeepsie and New York city. He spent some time in the West and in 1872 removed to West Rut-h, Monroe county, where he engaged in the produce business. Mr. Hamilton has always been actively identified with the Republican party and was a delegate to the National Convention at Chicago in 1888. He was a member of the Advisory Council on cereal industry at the World's fair in 1893, and in the fall of the same year was elected county treasurer by a large majority, and still efficiently fills that responsible position. He is a member of Hen- rietta Lodge, F. & A. M., and of the Rochester Whist club. In 1868 he married Mary C. McMillan, of York, Livingston county. Houck, George H., was born in Rush, Monroe count5% N. Y., October 30, 1844. He was educated in his native town, and later entered the Genesee Wesleyan Semi- nary, from which institution he was graduated in 1862. He was then called home to manage the farm on account of the death of his father, which occurred in December, 1862. In 1873 he was elected supervi-sor and re-elected for three consecutive years. In March, 189;"), he was appointed by President Cleveland as collector of customs of the port of Genesee. Mr. Houck still resides in Rush in the house in which he was born. Buell, Jesse W., M.D., was born in Geneseo, N.Y., and was reared from childhood in Rochester. He was a member of the class of '74 of the L^niversity of Rochester, and took his degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts from that institution. After graduation he entered the New York Homeopathic Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1887. Since that time he has been in active practice in Roch- ester, and has been, from its organization, one of the staff of the Homeopathic Hos- hital, having done service in both the medical and surgical sides of the house. He is a member of the New York State, Western New York, and Monroe County Medical Societies and was in 1885 president of the last named organization. Barhite, John A., was born in Auburn, N.Y., January 11, 1857, and when quite young moved with his parents to Hopewell, N.Y. He attended the Canandaigua Academy and was graduated in June, 1876. Remaining at home until the fall of 1877, he then entered the University of Rochester, from which institution he was graduated in 1881. He then read law in the office of Theodore Bacon, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar at the Buffalo general term in 1883. Mr. Barhite is an active worker for the Republican party and was a delegate to the National Conven tion in Minneapolis in 1892. He has held a number of prominent offices and many positions of trust, which, by his extensive knowledge of public affairs, he has honor- ably and efficiently filled. He was a delegate from the old Twenty-eighth Senatorial District, comprising the county of Monroe, to the Constitutional Convention in 1894. and is a member of Frank R. Lawrence Lodge, F. and A. M., Hamilton Chapter, and Monroe Commandery, Kislingbury Lodge No. 257, K. of 1'., the Rochester Whist Club, etc. IGl LANDMARKS OF MONHOK COUNTY. Ilofheinz, Dr. R. H., was born in Heidelberg, Germany, and received his educa- tion at llie G}-mnasium of his native city. In 1870 he came to America. lie studied dentistry in Rochester and entered the New York Dental College, from which insti- tution he was graduated in 1878, after which he located in Rochester and began the practice of his profession. In 1883 he took a trip to Europe and remained two years, after which he returned to Rochester and resumed his practice. In 189;} he went to ]')crlin, where he remained eighteen months. January 4, 1884, he married Catherine, daughter of Henr\- Bartholomay. He is a member of the Monroe Club, the Roches- ter Dental Society, the Seventh District Dental Society, and the New York State Dental Society. Lamb, George \Y., was born in New London, Conn., in August, 1840. His earlv schooling was received at Penfield, Monroe county, after which, on account of an accident he was obliged to finish his education at home under the instruction of his sister. He became a law student in the office of John W. Willson, at Penfield, and was admitted to the bar in 1867. He is well known throughout this section of the State on account of his extensive practice as pension attorney. He practiced in Pen- field and Fairport, N. Y., each two years, and .since 1871 in Rochester. He is a Mason, and is prominently identified with various other organizations. Weeks, William H., was born m Penfield in 18H2, son of John and gr'ind.son of Pcnjamin Weeks, who came from Danburj% Conn., to Penfield in 1197 and in 1800 ran a hotel, it being the first public house in Penfield. I'eujamin Weekr. built a tannery in what is now Pittsford, which he ran for several years and then sold to Stephen Lusk. In 1812 he bought the farm where William Hefl'er now lives, where he reared a large family and died in 1840, aged sixty-nine. His sons were John R., George W., Benjamin B., and David, all of whom settled in or near Penfield. John P. settled on the farm where William H. was born and lives, where he died in 1873 leaving two sons, George M. and William II. In 1857 William K. married Augusta M., daughter of Joseph N. Ferry, of Lewis county, N.Y., by whom he has two sons, Frank D. and D. M. Ferry Weeks, and one daughter, Lucy A. Mr. Weeks is ex- tcnsi\ ely engaged in the culture of choice fruits and is one of the best informed men of the town. The family trace their ancestry back to their coming from P^iigland in lrmer is a graduate of Columbia College of Physicians and Sur- geons of New York city, who has a large and growing practice in Rochester and suburbs, and Charles C. is a coal merchant. Dr. James Beahan is a member of the Monroe County Medical Society, and of Teoronto Lodge of Odd Fellows. Heenan, Martin M., .son of Martin, was born in Ireland on the 27th of October, 185G, and came to America in May, 1875, after receiving his education and serving an apprenticeship in his native country. For the first three years after his arrival he was a clerk in a dry goods store in Oswego, following which he spent a like period in Auburn, N.Y. During the ne.\t six years he was a clerk in the cloak and suit estab- lishment of Garry Brothers in New York city, and for a similar term he was in the enij)loy of D. McCarthy & Co., of Syracuse. In 189;} he removed to Rochester and purchased an interest in the New York cloak and suit hou.se at No. — vState street, and in May, 1895, he bought out the business of Francis Fitzgibbon, and became sole proprietor. His business is confined exclusively to ladies' cloaks and suits, and in this connection it is one of the leading concerns of the kind in llic ciiy. Mr. Hecuan has been a nienihcr of the A. O. IT. for about ten years. FAMILY SKETCHES. 1G9 White, Richard E., was born in Mansfield, Mass., June 1'2, ISJN, and in If^."),") re- moved with his parents to the town of Wheatland, Monroe county. He received his education in the district schools of that town, at Faliey Seminary in Fulton, Oswego county, and at the Brockport Normal School. He read law in the office of Joseph A. Stull, of Rochester, and was admitted to the bar at the grneral term of the Supreme Court in Buffalo in June, 1875. He immediately began the practice of his profession in Rochester, where he has since been eminently successful. While George A. Ben- ton was district attorney of Monroe county Mr. White was associated with him in partnership. He has been an elder of St. Peter's Presbyterian church for the past fifteen years and clerk of the session for six years. Beach, Daniel Beers, was born in Temple street in New Haven, Conn., November 14, 1822, and received his preliminary education in his native city. Reared under the influences of that historic seat of learning, he became a private tutor in families in Brunswick county, Va., in Rockingham county, N. C. He was graduated from Yale College in the class of 1842 and from the law department of that institution in 1845, being admitted to the bar of that State in August following. The same year he removed to Rochester, N. Y., and was admitted to the New York State bar at Albany, in Jaruary, 1847. He began the practice of his profession at Rochester im- mediately afterwards. In 1867 he temporarily returned to his old home in New Haven and j^racticed law there until the spring of 1871, when he again came to Rochester, where he has ever since resided and followed his chosen profession. He served as supervisor of the then fceventh ward of Rochester in 1865, being elected on the Republican ticket. Except this, he has given his attention almost exclusivelv to his business. June 1, 1853, Mr. Beach married Miss Loraine Rogers, of Lockport, and has had two sons and four daughters, of whom three daughters are living. Chadsey, John H., was born in the village of Ballston Spa, Saratoga count\\ N.Y., March 1, 1845, the eldest son of Dr. Alonzo J. Chadsey, a well known and eminent physician of said county. He was educated in private and public schools, and at eleven years of age removed to Schenectady, where he attended the preparatory school in the old Union College building, and graduated from the classical depart- ment at the age of sixteen j-ears; attending the County Institute, he received a cer- tificate to teach any common school in Schenectady county. The war of the Rebellion breaking out, he enlisted in Co. A, I32d Regiment, N. Y. S.Vols., but was not mustered in the service on account of being under the required age. After leav- ing school he was a clerk in his uncle's store for two years, and then removed to New York city and entered the office of the famous lawyer, John Graham, esq., as a student at law, and at the age of twenty-one years was admitted to the bar, Hon. Eldridge T. Gerry being one of the examiners. He remained with Mr. Graham nearly five years thereafter, and was, in May, 1870, employed as an assistant to Messrs. John Graham and Eldridge T. Gerry, the counsel for the prisoner in the celebrated trial of Daniel McFarland, for the killing of Albert D. Richardson, in the Tribune office, in the city of New York. He took a course in political economy and debate at the Cooper Institute, and was vice-president of the Cary Political Science Society. In February, 1871, he removed to St. Mary's, Kansas, and became a 2)artner in the firm of Sedgwick & Chadsey, in the land, law. and insurance business, and had exclusive charge of the law department; returning cast in December of the 170 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. same year he was married to Miss Emma J. Covey, youngest daughter of Alvah Covey, of Penfield, Monroe county. In 1873 he returned to Penfield and opened a law office at Fairport, which he afterwards removed to Rochester, retaining his resi- dence at Penfield until 1891, when he removed to the city of Rochester. He has been constantly engaged in the practice of law, is well known, and has an extensive prac- tice in Monroe county and vicinity; he has been a member of the Masonic fraternity for years, and is past master of Penfield Union Lodge, F. & A M. In politics he is a Republican, casting his first presidential vote for U. S. Grant in 1868; he was a member of the Republican County Committee of Monroe county for four years, two of which he was treasurer of said committee. Hopkins, John Hampden, was born in Rochester, June 20, 1852, and in 1872 was graduated from Hamilton College. He read law in the office of Cox & Avery, of Auburn, N. Y., and later entered the Albany Law School, from which he was grad- uated in 1875. Returning to Auburn he practiced law until 1877, when he came to Rochester, where he has since folloAved his chosen profession. Hays, David, was born in Rochester, N. Y., November 28, 1858. At an early age he attended the grammar schools in New York city, and in 1874 the Free Academy of Rochester, and graduated from the Rochester University in 1878, after which he took a course in political science at the University of Berlin, and was a graduate of the Columbian Law School in the class of 1881, at which time he was admitted to the bar. In January, 188:?, he became a partner of Mr. James B. Perkins, which part- nership continued until the removal of Mr. Perkins to France in August, 1890, and was renewed in August, 1895, on the return of Mr. Perkins to Rochester. Maurer, Edward W., was born in Rochester, N. Y., April 17, 1858, was graduated from the University of Rochester in 1877, and in the fall of the same year entered the University of Goettingen, Germany, where he remained for over two years. In 1880 he returned to America and entered the law office of ex-Congressman (now jus- tice of the Supreme Court) John M. Davy, and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1882. He then formed a partnership with Mr. Davy, which continued until 188(5, when he opened an office alone for the practice of the law. In 1887 he was elected member of assembly on the Republican ticket. He is a member of the Central Pres- byterian church. His father was one of the oldest grocery merchants in this city, and died in 1892, his place of business being at 149 East Main street. His mother is still living in the old homestead, 67 North Clinton street, in Rochester. Mr. Maurer's offices are at Nos. 416, 417, and 418 Elwanger & Barry building. La Salle, B. F. & C. W. — Dr. B. Frank La Salle, son of Francis La Salle, was born in Paris, France, March 29, 1842, and came to this country in infancy with his par- ents, who located in St. Lawrence county, where Dr. La Salle received his prelimi- nary education. Afterwards he entered the office of Dr. J. D. Huntington, of Watertown, N. Y., for the study of dentistry, where, after three years of diligent work, he passed the State examination and began the practice of his profession in Oswego, N. Y. In 1876 he removed to Rochester, where he has built up a very large practice. His son. Dr. Clint W. La Salle, who is a graduate of the Buffalo Dental College, and who was the first student to matriculate in that institution, is associated with him under the above firm name. Dr. B. F. La Salle is a member of the Seventh FAAflLY SliETCnES. m District Dental Society and was the organizer of the Rochester Dental Chib, now the Rochester Dental Societ3% of which he was president for one year. He is a member of Valley Lodge, No. 109, F. & A. M., and served it as master in 1881-82; he also belongs to Hamilton Chapter R. A. M., Doric Council, and Monroe Com- mandery. No. 13, K. T. Thayer, George W., was born in Livonia, N. V., December !), 18-iO, and is a sou of George and Phebe Thayer. He received his rudimentary education in his native town, and later took a three years' .special course at the Genesee Wesleyan Semi- nary. He soon after became proprietor of the Bank of Lima, and conducted the same for about twenty years. He moved to Rochester in 1888 and was in active business until 1893, when the Alliance Bank was organized, of which he became president, which position he has since held. Finnessy, James H., M. D., son of Patrick T. Finnessy, was born in Allegany county, N. Y., October 3, 1864. He finished his education at the Geneseo State Normal School, after which he entered the College of Physicians and Surgeons at Baltimore, Md., and was graduated with the degree of M. D. from the University of Baltimore in 1890. After completeing his collegiate course he came to Rochester and accepted the appointment of house physician to St. Mai'y's Hospital, which posi- tion he filled for one j^ear, when he opened an office for the practice of medicine. Dr. Finnessy is medical examiner for a number of prominent insurance companies, is a member of the Monroe County Medical Society, and is one of the rising young physicians in Rochester. Paviour, Robert S. , son of William and Sarah Paviour, was born in Rochester, N. Y., September 17, 1859. He attended the public schools of his native city and later entered the Rochester Free Academj^ from which he was graduated in 1876. The same j'ear he became a clerk in the fire insurance office of Ward & Clark (established in 1870), in which capacity he remained until the death of Mr. Ward in 1880, when he was made general manager, Mr. Clark being a resident of Boston, Mass. In 1881 Mr. Paviour was admitted to partnership under the firm name of Clark & Paviour, and in January, 1891, he became sole proprietor of the business, which he has since conducted. He has been very successful, and is well and favorably known. He represents the Phoenix Assurance Company of London, the Phoenix Insurance Com- pany of Hartford, the Westchester Fire Insurance Company of New York, and the Equitable Fire and Marine Insurance Company of Providence, all leading fire insur- ance companies, and the New Jersey Plate Glass Insurance Company of Newark, N. J. He was formerly president of the Rochester Board of Fire Underwriters, is ac- tively interested in various institutions of the city, and takes a prominent part in promoting and fostering their welfare, being officially connected with several organ- izations of note. Brown, Richard, was born in the town of Mayfield, Sussex, England, August 11, 1828, and came to this country with his parents when an infant. They first located in Canada, and later in Pittsford, Moni-oe county, where he received a part of his education. The family again returned to Canada, remaining until 1845, when they came to Port Byron, Cayuga county. August 17 of that year he began to learn the tinner's trade and did extensive work on Auburn Prison. He returned to Port Byron 172 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. in li^-VJ. In that year lie married Caroline Springer of that place, and went to Addi- son, Mich., later to Hillsdale, Mich., and from there to Logansport, Ind., where he did ])usines« for a year on his own account. From there he went to Mt)utice]lu, the same State, and carried on business until 185(1. In 18G6 he came to this city, and began at his trade. In 18C7 he began business on his own account, which continued till 18S4, when he took partners into the concern, which became the Richard Brown Manufacturing Company, doing a- large trade in tinware. Mr. Brown has three children: Josephine A., wife of Willis J. Smith of Philadelphia; Frank A., wife of William Uhl, now of Monticello, Ind., and Clarence R., who married Annie Myer, of this city. He is a music teacher in the State Normal School in Greensboro, N. C. Shuart, Denton G., was born in 1805, at Plattekill, Ulster county, N. Y., and in 1807 came with his parents to Mendon, Monnjc county, one mile from Honeoye Falls. His father, Abraham Shuart, was one of the pioneers of this section of the county. Denton G. received an academic education and in 1825 he returned to Ulster county for the purpose of studying law. In 1832 he was admitted to the bar in New York city, and shortly after began practicing at Honeoye Falls. From 1852-185() he was surrogate of Monroe county, and for nearly a half century was one of the prominent members of the county bar. His wife was Mary Elizabeth Barrett, daughter of Stephen Barrett of Honeoye Falls. He had four children; Denton Barrett, who died in 186G, and William H., of Rochester, N. Y., Clarence A., of Honeoye Falls, N. Y., and Irving J., of Chicago, 111. He died at his home in Honeoye Falls, N. Y., Augu.st 29, 1892. Shuart, William II., was born September 21, 1852, at Honeoye Falls, N. Y., and is the son of Ex-vSurrogate Denton G. Shuart. He was educated at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary and Syracuse University and received the degree of A.B. from the latter institution in June, 1875. After his graduation he studied law with his father and later with Judge John S. Morgan of Rochester. He was admitted to the bar in 1877 and has since practiced his profession in this city. February 7, 1884, he married .Xclhi Sumner Phillips of Springfield, Mass. De Floo, Jacob, was born in Holland, November 6, 1847, emigrated when eleven years of age, being accompanied by an uncle with whom he settled near Brighton. By perseverance and industry he has achieved independence and success, and built a pleasant home at Brighton, being engaged in gardening. Mr. De Floo is a staunch Republican, and now serving his second term as village commissioner f)f streets. In 1872 he married Nellie Wage, and their sou, Henry, is employed by the vSinger Sewing Machine Company. Ross-Lewin, George W., has been engaged in the wall paper business in Rochester, since 1879, when he succeeded the firm of Tower and Ilerrick. He deals in all grades of American, French, and English wall papers, .special interior decorations, window shades, picture and room mouldings, Japanese grilles, etc., and executes fresco and general painting, solid and plastic relief ornamentation, etc. The concern, located in Liberty Building, 11 East Avenue, corner Main street, is the largest of the kind in the city, and ranks among the leaders in Western New York. Brooks, Frank J., was born in Penfield in 1855, son of Hiram Brooks, who, with his father, Elias Brooks, came from Vermont and settled in Penfield about 1803. FAMILY SKETCHES. 173 Hiram Brooks married a daughter of Thomas WiUse, of Pitlsford, by whom he had ten children. Frank J. married Sarah Saunders, and they have one son, Burton. Mr. Brooks settled on the farm where he now lives in 1880, where he is engaged in farming and gardening. Lee, John Mallory, M. D., was born in Cameron, N. Y., September 29, 1853, and is a descendant of the late Gen. Robert E. Lee. Dr. Lee received his rudimentary education at Pultney, Steuben county, N. Y., and at the Penn Yan Academy. I lis father dying when he w^as a child, he was thrown on his own resources, and at the age of seventeen he became a clerk in the leading drug store of Palo, Mich., where he remained three years, during which trnie he also received private instructions and prepared himst If for the Homoeopathic depai'tment of the Univensitj' of Michigan, where he passed a successful entrance examination September 28, 187(5, and was graduated with the degree of M. D. in 1879. He returned to his native State and be- gan the practice of his profession in Rochester, and in 1888 took a postgraduate course at the Polyclinic College Hospital of New York, for the purpose of completing his surgical studies; he also studied in the Postgraduate School of New York in 1890, 1891, 1892, and 1894; and since 1889 has confined himself .solely to surgical practice, being surgeon-in-chief and vice-president of the medical and surgical staff of the Rochester Homoeopathic Hospital. He is also State examiner in .surgery for the Homoeopathic School, and is one of the mo.st prominent surgeonsin the Empire State. He is ex-president of the Monroe County, the Western New York, and the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Societies; ex-vice-president of the New York State Homoeopathic Medical Society; a lecturer on surgery to the Rochester Training School for Nurses, of which he was an incorporator; honorary member of the Hom- oeopathic Medical Society of Michigan; member of the American Institute of Hom- oeopathy ; president of the Alumni Association of the Homoeopathic Department of the University of Michigan ; and was for several years associate editor of the Physi- cians' and Surgeons' Investigator. He is now one of the corps of writers on the Homoeopathic Text-Book of Surgery. Many of Dr. Lee's valuable papers are found in the "Transactions" of these various societies and in the magazines of his school. Petten, John J., was born in St. John's, Newfoundland, April 30, 1832, and was educated there and in the United States. At the age of sixteen he came to this country, located at Charlotte, and followed the lakes for several years in various po- sitions, and was captain for many years. He has been village trustee eight years, school trustee three years, and now holds the position of overseer of the poor. He is a member of Genesee Falls Lodge, No. 504, F. & A. M., also member of Monroe Tent, No. 147, K. O. 'I". M. He has been married twice, first in 1854 to Eliza Loper, of Charlotte, and they had two children: Frances and Mary. Frances married Rich- ard P. Herrick, of Rochester, N. Y., and Mary is now Mrs. Van Hamburg, of Pitts- ford, N. Y. Mrs. Petten died September 4, 1872. His second wife was Emeline Hannahs, whom he married in 1873, and she died January 19, 1891. Mr. Petten's father, William, w^as born at the old home in Newfoundland in 1786. He married Christiana Woods of his native place, and they had eight children. Mr. Petten died of cholera in 1855, and his wife some years later. The ancestrj' of this family is French and Emjlish 174 LANDMaUKS of MONROE COUNTY. Tearc, Mrs. Eliza J., is the widow of Thomas Arthur Teare, who died April 7- 1878, at thirty-six years of age. Mr. Teare was born in New York city, and in early life was owner of a lime kiln business at Newark, N. J., of which he disposed in 1868 and purchased the Brighton farm. He married, at Newark in IS(>'2, Eliza J., daugh- ter of Robert Gelling, late a Rochester miller. Three children were born to them: William, Chester and Carrie. Mr. Teare served, with credit, in Comi)any F, 27lh New Jersey Volunteers, under General Burnside. Guenther, Frederick. — One of the self-made men of Brighton is John F. Guenther, the well-known Park Avenue florist and gardener, whose business has now passed into the hands of his son Frederick. The elder Guenther was born in (iermany in 1829, and was then apprenticed to the business which has been his life work, and the results of which speak well for that method of instruction. He came to America in 1852, going directly to Rochester, where he entered the employ of Ellwanger&- Barry. During his connection with this firm he traveled widely in their interest, at one time paying a visit to the old city of Mexico. In 1881 he established himself in business at Park Avenue, ten years later locating on Blossom street, Brighton, where his ex- tensive greenhouses are flanked by a handsome modern residence. In 18C8 he mar- ried Helena Hanson, who became the mother of Frederick, and three years later of the only daughter, Elizabeth, who is now the wife of Alfred R. Clapper of Rochester. Frederick Guenther is a stirring business man and will without doubt achieve success in the line so ably mapped out by his father. In 1884 he married Lillian Houser of Rochester, and they have one daughter, Mattie, born March 14, 1892. Butterfield, Clarence E., son of Edwin and Sarah (Hanks) Butterfield, was born in Centerville, Allegany county, N. Y., July 4. 18G8, and moved with his parents to Brighton in 1883. He was educated in the district schools of his native town and at the Rochester Free Academy, and was graduated from the Rochester Business University in 1890. His parents were New Englanders. His father died in Sep- tember, 1891. Upon his graduation in 1890 Mr. Butterfield formed a partnership with Charles B. Down, under the firm name of Down & Butterfield, and engaged in tlie grocery and provision business in the village of Brighton. December 4, 189;^, this firm was dissolved, and since then Mr. Butterfield has conducted the business alone, materially increasing it, adding dry goods, boots and .shoes, crockery, etc. A meat market is also connected, making the business now one of general merchan- dise. He is a member of the I. O. of R. M., and prominently identified with the welfare and advancement of the village and town. December 25, 1891, he married Miss Lena A., daughter of Norman Peet, of Penfield, and they have one child, Ruth, born December 24, 1893. Bohachek, Edward, was born in Bohemia in 1S52, and came with his parents to America in 1865. He received a public school education in Cincinnati and Dayton, Ohio, married Miss Gertrude Stewart, of Bellefontaine, Ohio, and came to Roches- ter in 1881 and connected himself with the Manhattan Life Insurance Company of New York as general agent for Monroe. Orleans and Livingston counties, which position he efficiently fills at the present date. Mr. Bohachek is a member of the I. O. O. F., and deputy grand chief of the A. O. F. of A. of the State of New York. Elwood, Frank Worcester, was born in Rochester, N.Y., April 4, 1850. His father. FAMILY SKETCHES. 175 Isaac R Eluood, was a law partner of Jiulj^e Ilcury Selden in Rocliester for nuiuy years and clerk of the State Senate two terms, about l«47-48; was one of the founders of the Western Union Telegraph Company and its secretary and treasurer at the time of his death in 18C3. The family is of German origin, erne branch settling in England many generations ago. To this branch belonged Tliomas Ellwood, a Quaker, and a friend of and for a time a reader to the blind poet, Milton. Mr. Elwood's paternal great-grandfather, a mason by trade, came to America in 1748 and settled in the Mohawk valley. His old stone house near St. Johnsville, N.Y., still stands to attest his handiwork. The spelling of the family name under- went the variations of Ellwoode, Ellwood, and Elwood. The history of John K. Elwood's maternal ancestors in America is tragic. In 1728, during the "Old French War," the commandant of Fort Herkimer issued a call to the settlers to gather at the fort. Mrs. Bell, his grandmother, was accidentally left unwarned. Her family was surprised by the Indians and her husband and three children killed, one, an infant, having its brains dashed out in her presence. She was struck down, scalped, her nose nearly cut off, and left for dead. She was encietite, and for many weeks lay at the point of death. Her then unborn child was in process of time a mother, and her child was Mr. Elwood's mother. F. W. Elwood was educated in private schools. At the age of fourteen he went abroad and spent two years in studying Italian, French, and German. Returning to America he continued his studies under various eminent teachers, entered Hobart College at the age of nineteen, and left at the end of his sophomore year to enter Harvard College, from which he was graduated as A.B. in 1874. During his student life he was a member of a number of college societies. He received the degree of LL. B. from Columbia College in 1877, was ad- mitted to the bar the same year, and practiced law in the office of Judge Danforth in Rochester till 1879, when he erected the Elwood Memorial building as a memorial to his father. He was engaged in the stock brokerage business under the firm name of Frank W. Elwood & Co. from 1881 to 1884, inclusive, when he resumed the practice of his profession and the care of his real estate, which he has since continued. Mr. * Elwood was formerly president of the Rochester Club, and is now vice-president of the Rochester Historical Society, a member of the board of managers of the Genesee Valley Cluli, vestryman of St. Paul's Episcopal church, trustee of the Riverside Cemetery Association and of the Chamber of Commerce, and member of the Board of Park Commi.ssioners. In 1835 he married Frederica H., daughter of Frederick Pumpelly, of Owego, Tioga county, and they have one daughter, Dorothy. Graham, Merritt E., M. D., son of Gilbert, was born in Italy, Yates county, N. Y., September 21, 1855, was graduated from the Seminary at Lima, N.Y., in 1874, and entered the medical department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, grad- uating as the head of his class in 1878. He began the practice of his profession at Clifton, Monroe county, but soon located in Brockport, where he remained twelve years. Desiring a larger and more congenial field of labor he removed to Rochester in 1890, where for the past five years he has been surgeon to the Hahnemann Hos- pital. He has been eminently successful both as surgeon and physician. For si.x years he has served as coroner of Monroe county. He is also a member of many of Rochester's more prominent social and fraternal organizations and examiner for several insurance companies. In 1877 he was married to Miss Fannie Carden, of Ann Arbor, Mich. 176 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY (iraiil, RollaC, M. D., wa:^ Ijorn in isr)4 in Ri)me, N. Y., wIiltc lie received liis early education. At the age of nine he removed with his parents to Auburn, N. Y., where he attended the High School, and where he studied medicine in the oflice of Dr. Charles E. Swift. He was graduated from the New York HonKcopathic College and Hospital in 1879, took a post-graduate course at the medical department of the Univer-sity of Boston, and commenced the practice of his profession in Portsmouth, N. H. After four years of active work there he removed to Rochester, where he has practiced successfully. In 1881 Dr. Grant married Miss Isabel Roberts, of Ports- mouth. He is a member of the International Hahnemann Association, the Central New York HonKtopathic Society, of which he was president one year (1893-4) and vice-president two years, the Rochester Hahnemann vSociety, and of the staff of the Rochester Hahnemann Hospital, and has been physician to Windsor Lodge, Sons of St. George, since its organization in 1886. Eastman, George, was born at Waterville. Oneida county, N.Y., July 12, 1854, and moved with his parents to Rochester in 1861. He attended the public schools until fourteen years of age, w-hen he entered the insurance office of Cornelius Waydell. He was afterwards employed in the insurance office of Messrs. Buell & Brewster and later Buell & Hayden and in 1877 entered the Rochester Savings Bank as book- keeper, where he remained until 1881. While in the banking business Mr. Eastman spent all his leisure experimenting in photographic processes and finally began the manufacture of dry plates in the Martin block on State street. This was in 1880. Since then the business has extended to a general line of photographic goods and has steadily grown until it is probably the largest of its kind in the world. It is now carried on by the Eastman Kodak Company, a corporation of which Mr. Eastman is treasurer and general manager. The general ofifices are located at the corner of Voght and State streets in this city and the works at Kodak Park, in the town of Greece. Mr. Eastman is the pioneer of the photographic business in this .section ; he is the originator of the phrase, "You press the button, we do the rest," and in- ventor of the kodak and other photographic apparatus and processes. Padiera, Dr. George W., was born in Prussia, September 28, 1837, and, after pass- ing successfully through all the branches of the common schools of his native coun- try he became a student in the medical department of the University of Breslau, from which institution he was graduated with the degree of M.D. in 1863. After passing the State examinations he began the practice of his jirofession in Germany. Later he entered the Prussian army and acted as surgeon in the Austrian and Prussian war, where he remained until the close of that conflict in 1866. He then practiced in Breslau until 1870, when he came to America and took up his residence in Rochester, where he has since resided. He is a member of the Monroe County Medical Society, and one of the leading physicians of the city. Allen, Frederic P., was born in Rochester, N. Y., and has been identified with the banking interests of this city for twenty-five years. He held the position of teller in the Traders National Bank for more than ten years, and since 1888 has been cashier of the German American Bank. He is also treasurer of the Rochester Railroad Company, the Rochester and Irondequoit Railroad Company, the Rochester Savings and Loan Association, and the Rochester State Hospital, commissioner of the Sink- FAMILY SKETCHES. 177 ing Fund of the city of Rochester, and one of the managers of the Genesee Valley and Country clubs. In 1874 he married Miss Caroline Clarke, daughter of the late Hon. Freeman Clarke, of Rochester. Everest, Charles Marvin, was born in Wisconsin, December 2."), 1852, and received his first schooling in .South Cleveland, Ohio. He removed with his father to Roch- ester in May, 1865, where he attended No. 13 school and Free Academy, also re- ceiving a partial course in the University of Rochester. In 1868 he first entered the employ of the Vacuum Oil Company and has been vice-president and treasurer since 1879. His father, Hiram B., was born in Wyoming county, N. Y., in 1830, and was graduated from Middlebury Academy. He then went to Wisconsin, where he en- gaged in the nur.sery business, remainirg until 1856, when he removed to Cleveland, Ohio. There he purcha.sed a tract of woodland, built a saw mill, and engaged in the luml:(er business. In 1865 he came to Rochester, his father, Joseph Everest, coming from Wyoming county about the same time; he became interested in the expermients of Mr. Ewing, which led to the organization of the Vacuum Oil Company in 1866. In 1878 Mr. Everest, sr. , leased a large tract of land in Wyoming county, which in- cluded the farm and birthplace of his father, and drilled for oil. Instead of oil he discovered salt, the large salt industry of Western New York resulting. He retired from active business in 1879, and removed to Denver, Col., afterwards removing to Riverside, Cal , at which place he planted and is now cultivating the largest grove of navel oranges in the world, known as the "Everest Ranch," consisting of 100 acres. In 1894 he picked 27,000 boxes, or ninety car-loads, of fruit. His father, Joseph Everest, was born at Salisbury, Conn., emigrated to this State when quite young, and was one of the early settlers of Western New York. Mr. Everest is a descendant of Andrew Everest, of York, Maine, about 1650. Paine, L. C. — The Paine Drug Company, the oldest drug house in Rochester, was founded in 1820 by William Pitkin, who was succeeded by L. B. Swan. Messrs. Lane & Paine became the proprietors in 1852, and in 1878 the style of the firm waai changed to C. F. Paine & Co. In 1878 the concern removed to its present location, 24 and 36 East Main street, and early in 1895 the Paine Drug Company was organ- ized, being composed of Messrs. L. C. Paine, C. D. Van Zandt, and W. R. Barnum. The premises occupied bv this leading establishment are worthy of its fame, compris- ing the spacious four-story and basement brick and stone building, with stone front, 30 by 100 feet. The establishment is thoroughly stocked on every floor with a com- plete line of goods pertainihg to the drug trade. Ludolph, Andrew, was born in Rochester, N. Y., May 16, 1864. When a few months old his father died and Mr. Ludolph was adopted by the late Colonel Klinck, with whom and with other members of the family he lived until seventeen years of age. He attended No. 15 school, and in 1887 began the study of law in the office of Satterlee & Yeoman. He was admitted to the bar at the Rochester General Term in October, 1891. In the spring of that year he was appointed managing clerk in the city attorney's office and filled that position for two years, when he entered into partnership with Arthur Warren, under the firm name of Ludolph & Warren, for the general practice of law, with offices in the Granite building. He is a member of Yonondio Lodge, No. 163. F. & A. IM., and for several years was prominently con- nected with the Rochester Athletic Club. 178 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Allen, Charles M., was born in Rochester, N. Y., October 9, 1845, and was gradu- ated from the Rochester High School in 1863, at which time he entered the Univers- ity of Rochester, from which he was graduated with high honors in 1867. He then attended the Law School of Philadelphia for one year, when he commenced the study of law io the office of Hon. William Farrer, of Rochester. He was admitted to the bar at the "Rochester General Term in December, 1868, and immediately be- gan the practice of his profession. He has since been in constant and successful ]M-actice in this city, and has been attorney for the Genesee National Savings and Loan Association since March, 1893. This association was incorporated in March, 1891, and considering its age has develojjed into one of the most exten.sive and suc- cessful fiduciary organizations in the State, representing a subscribed capital stock of §2,000,000. Mr. Allen has passed all the chairs in the L (). O. F., is a member of the Rochester Whist Club and the Bar Association, and has been treasurer of Ideal Union, No. 592, E. A. U., since its inception in 1887. He is the son of the late Newel Allen, D. D. S., the oldest dentist, at the time of his death in 1878, in Western New York. Forsyth, Daniel W., was born in Caledonia, September 22, 1856. He received his early education in his native town and later became a student at the Genesee Normal School, after which he entered the Bennett Medical College, where, in 1880, he re- ceived the degree of M. D. He practiced medicine at Hammond, Indiana, where he was coroner of Lake county in 1878-9, and afterwards at Dowagiac, Mich., where he was elected city treasurer. He then began the study of law. was in 1884 admitted to the bar in Michigan, and two years afterwards, upon examination, became an at- torney and counselor-at-law in New York State, located in Rochester, where he has since practiced his profession. He is a member of the law firm of Forsyth Brothers, who have a wide reputation as attorneys. In 1887 he was appointed assistant dis- trict attorney of Monroe county, under George A. Benton, district attorney; in 1891 he was nominated and elected school commissioner of the Eighth ward, which ofifice he held until the passage of the Twentieth Ward Bill by the Legislature in 1892, which terminated his service as school commissioner. In the spring of that year he was elected alderman* of the Nineteenth ward and served one term. Owing to the inability of his brother, George D. Forsyth, district attorney, he was appointed special district attorney, and acted from January to July, 1895. During that period lie had charge of two noted murder trials, that of Gavin, who was charged with the murder of young Abbott at Charlotte, and that of Gallo, the Italian murderer, who was convicted and afterwards sentenced to death. Atwood, H. Franklin, was born in 1850 in Boston, where he attended the public schools for a number of years. He then went to Chicago and entered the insurance business and was rapidly promoted until in 1879 he became general agent in the West for the German Fire Insurance Company, of Rochester, and later was advanced to general adjuster. In 1883 he was elected secretary, which position he still retains. Mr. Atwood is a member of the Monroe Commandery and Hamilton Chapter, Fel- low of the Royal Microscopical Society of London, England, was two terms president of the Rochester Academy of Science, is vice-jiresident of the Rochester Club, and a nicmber of various other organizations of this city. In 1873 he married Nellie Rob- FAMILY SKETCHES. 179 erts, of North Wales, and they have three children: Grace F., Isabel, and Edward S., the latter a student at Rochester University. Cornell, Mrs. Walter.— Walter Cornell was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., in 1842. He came with his parents to Rochester when a boy and later came to Permtou, where he lived with an uncle and worked by the month until 1868, when he enlisted in Co. A, 140th N. Y. Vols. He was wounded in both arms at the battle of the Wil- derness, after which he returned to Fairport. In 18G9 he bought the farm in Pen- field, where he has since been engaged in gardening. Mr. Cornell married Emeline, daughter of Joseph and granddaughter of Patrick Butler, of Fairport. They have one daughter, Louisa M., now Mrs. C. B. Rogers. Caley, Mrs. Mary G.— The late Thomas Caley was born in the Isle of Man in 1821, and was the son of a clergyman of the Church of England. He was carefully edu- cated with special attention devoted to bookkeeping, but evinced a strong preference for a mechanical trade, and, consequently, took up blacksmithing. When twenty- two years of age he came to Rochester and established a repair shop at Brighton, and acquired some local fame as an expert artificer in metal. He was the founder of the large business now conducted by Caley & Nash. In 1843 he was married to Mary G. Hickok, the daughter of an old Vermont family, and whose father was one of the first settlers of Irondequoit. Their four children are dead. Francis Herschel, the elder, was a member of the 21st New- York Cavalry, and was unable to endure the horrors of prison life at Andersonville. He was a young man of especial promise. Thomas Irving, Charles Howard, and an infant daughter, did not survive childhood. Mr. Caley's death occurred October 18, 1884; it was widely mourned and felt to be a personal loss. Upright, honorable, always guided by conscience, stooping to do no wrong— would that there were more men like him. Charlton, John, was born in Wilkshire, England, November 19, 188o. His father, Aaron Charlton, was a carpenter and joiner. John was, when a youth, apprenticed to a landscape gardener at one of the great country houses, a premium being paid* and no salary drawn. Alternating between " Langhath House" and the village school, he became master of a fine education and of his business at the same time. He came to America when twenty-one years old. He passed the winter of 185G at Toronto with some fellow voyagers, and the ensuing spring advertised for a situa- tion and received a reply from George J. Whitney, of Rochester, which resulted in Mr. Charlton being employed by him. Then for four years he was gardener for Jo- seph Hall, at the expiration of which term, he returned to the land of his birth for a brief visit, spending in that locality the winter of 1861. After returning, he took charge of Mr. Hall's gardens and greenhouses until 1865, at which date he estab- lished the " University Avenue Nurseries," where he has built up and maintains an enormous business, strictly wholesale in its character. Mr. Charlton came to America with little or no available capital, and his present position is the result and the re- ward of his own industry and genius. In 1854 he married Sarah McAskae, of Roch- ester. Their children are: John, Joseph, Fanny, and Margaret. Both sons are now associated wath the home business. Crippin, Mrs. Sarah, is the daughter of John Turner and the widow of Norton R. Crippin, who died July 8. 1890, leaving one son, Norton B., and one daughter, Mary 180 LANDMARKS OP MONROE COUNTY. A. Mrs. Crippin's fathei' was among the «arly settlers in the uortheastern part of Penfield, where he lived some years before movinj? to Michigan, where he died. Since the death of her hLisband, Mrs. Crippin has carried on the farm whicii Mr. Crippin settled in 18 5. Craib, James, is of Scottish birth, having been born in Banffshire, in 1833. He was early apprenticed to a gardener at Edinburgh, his father, Charles Craib, having l)een a seed grower. When twenty-three years of age he sailed for America, having no capital save a few pounds, after paying jjas.sage, but the possessor of an indom- itable will and a master of the art of landscape gardening. Mr. Craib became a valued employee and associate of the late James Vick, and was for eight years his foreman. He was soon enabled to purchase a small place of his own, and in 1869 came to his present location in Bright(jn township, but practically within the suburbs of Rf)ch- ester. Here he has fifteen acres devoted to seed growing and horticulture, contract- ing largely with Ferry of Detroit and other firms of national renown. Surrounded by the fruits of his own toil and skill, he may indeed be called the architect of his own fortune. Clark, George \V., was born in Penfield in 1831, son of Alpheus, and grandson of Calvin Clark, who settled in Penfield in 1800. Mr. Clark's mother was Rhoda, daugh- ter of Libeus Ross, also an early settler. The Clark family have been am!)ng the prominent families of the town for nearly a century, the men being noted for their integrity and public spirit. Mr. Clark was the first assessor of the town and was supervisor for several years, and in 1893 was a member of the Conslilulional Con- vention. He has always been engaged in farming. Carpenter, Lewis B., was born in Chili, December 8, 1850, son of John H., who was a native of Vermont and came to Monroe county in 1830, settling at Pittsfcird. He afterwards came to Chili and engaged in farming, purchasing 150 acres on the banks of the Genesee River. John H. held numerous town offices, justice of the peace, town clerk, etc. He married, first, Mary Knapp, by whom he had one son, Lewis. Lewis Carpenter is among the prominent farmers of Chili. He was super- visor from 1888 to 1891. He was also a.ssessor for a number of years. He is a mem- ber of the County Democratic Conmiittee and chairman of the town Democratic Comtnittee He is also a member of the F. & A. M. Yonondio Lodge 103 of Roch- ester, and a Knight Templar. Mr. Carpenter married, fii>t, Emily Worcester, by whdiii he had two children : Jojin H. and Mary E. lie afterwards married Libbie Trolt, by whom he has one son, Lewis B. Curtis, James. — Philander Curtis, son of Zacharia Curtis, was born March 14, 1790, and died March 21, 1800. He was born in Vermont, but at an early date came to Camillus, N. Y., from which town Philander came to Parma. He became a suc- cessful farmer and accumulated a large property, having 325 acres of land. He furnished means to build one-half of the M. E. Church at North Parma and his , house was the customary home of all itinerant preachers. In Camillus Mr. Curtis married Laura Goodrich, by whom he had these children: Harriet, who mar- ried William Foster; Charles, who lived and died in Parnia; Nancy, who married Elias Curtis; and Caroline, who married Jacob Riker. His first wife died May 1, 1825, and August 14, 1825, Mr, Curtis married Catherine Scofield, by whom he had FAMILY SKETCHES. 181 four children Philander, Benjamin, Laura, and James. James was born September 3, 184H, and has always lived on the same farm, which is one of the best in Parma. He began raising high grade stock ten years ago. July 14, 1864, James Curtis mar- ried Emily L., daughter of J. Milton Webster of the Ridge. They have four chil- dren: Milton, Fred W., Albert B., and one other who died in infancy. Jf)hn Milton Webster was a native of Connecticut, born in March, 1810, and coming to Parma at the age of twent^^-one. In Onondaga county he married Rebecca Mead, bv whom he had these children: Amelia, Jane, Charles M., Emily L., Mary, Ida J., John M., and Edmund D. Mr. Webster died August 30, 188"), and his wife, April 22, 1S80. Chase, James Darwin, son of James Chase, was born where he now lives, August 1, 1843, and with the exception of about two years spent in Iowa, he has always lived in Parma. His whole life and effort has been devoted to farm work and sub- stantial success has been its result. Mr. Chase has been excise commissioner. He is a member and one of the deacons of the Christian Church. Mr. Chase has been twice married, his first wife being Rosetta, daughter of Henry Miller, of Greece, by whom he had one son, Frank E., now in the West. His wife died in 1872, and on March 25, 1874, Mr. Chase married Eunice Gallup of Maine, Broome county. Six children have been born of this union, three of whom are now living. Collins, J. Byron. — Calvin Collins was one of the pioneers of the Ridge in Parma and was for many years one of the leading men of the town. He came from Litch- field, Conn., in 1814 and settled where his grandson, J. Byron Collins, now lives. He cleared and owned some 600 acres. His wife, whom he married in 1814, was Clarissa Guild, and their children were: John H., April 19, 1817, died October 4, 1894; Eliza, married William Stebbins; Cicero, was in the south and con.scripted into the Confed- erate service, escaped into Mexico, then went to Wisconsin where he now lives; Lo- vinia, married Darius Kendall, lives in Colorado; Tyranus died in Holley; and By- ron, now in California. John H. always lived in Parma and became a successful farmer and extensive produce dealer. He was unfortunate in business and his for- « tune was wrecked. However, assisted by his sons, he recovered much of his lost ground, but he never lost his standing or good name in all his long career. His wife was Sarah M. Talmadge, whom he married February 18, 1843. Their children were: Irving, now in Minnesota; Samuel B., in Jackson, Mich. ; William A., and Mary J., both of whom died young; Gertrude, wife of O. B. Wood, of Ogden ; Franklin T., in Minnesota; James Byron, of Parma; and Charles H., of Parma Corners. James B., who lives on the old farm, married Mary E. Davis by whom he has one child, Gertrude. Levi Talmadge came from Connecticut previous to 1812 and kept a log hotel at the Corners and owned the four corners. Alva Talmadge was also from Connecticut and was a carpenter. He died in 1876 and his wife in 1891. She was Mary Whitcomb, and their children were Sarah, who married John M. Collins; and Ferdinand, n(nv in Battle Creek, Mich Clark, Francis, was born on the Clark homestead, September 21, 1830, a son of John, a native of Vermont, who came from Madison county to Monroe in 1802, and settled on the farm where his son now resides. This property has been in the pos- session of the family for eighty-two years. John Clark married Rhoda Church, and his death occurred in IS.K; in jiis sevcntv-si.\lh vcar. Francis Clark was educated in 182 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. the public schools and in 1852 married Mary, dau.c;hter f>f Joseph Parker, by whom he has two children: Frederick, and Mrs. Julia Fowler. Our subject is a practical and successful atjriculturist. Cook, R. J., was born in Sweden, July 21, 1H29, a son of Justus Cook, a native of Madison county, who came from there in 1815 with an ox team, making the journey in a week. He married Elizabeth Bryant, and became a prosperous farmer. He took an active interest in the development of his town, and his death occurred in 1878 in his seventy-ninth year. R. J. Cook was educated at Brockport, after which he t(X)k up farming. In 1876 he married Imogene Capen, who died in 1879, and for his second wife he married Laura Burritt, daughter of Benjamin Sheldon. Our sub- ject has taken an active interest in all local affairs for the development of his town. Crary, Eli, was born in Sweden, this county, December 29, 1823, a son of Ephraim Crary, who was born in Albany and came to Monroe county in 18.9. He married Margaret Wetzel, and always ff)llowed agriculture. Eli Crary was educated in the common schools, to which he has added by reading and observation, and like his father has engaged in farming. In 1854 he married Susan W. , daughter of Isaac Houston, and they have these children: John H., Jay, and Henry. Mf. Crary occu- pies a prominent position among the farmers of this locality. Castle, Isaac, was born in Roxbm-y, Conn., in 1787, and came with his brothers, Samuel and Abram, to Parma in 1810, in which town all were pioneers. Isaac served in the War of 1812, and was in all respects a worthy and loyal citizen. In 1833 he built the cobble house, now occupied by his son. Isaac married Laura Will- iams, and had ten children: Darwin S., John W. , Orsamus A., Andrew J., Isaac M., Francis A., Laura L., Esther J., Rebecca, and Louisa M. In early life Isaac taught school in Parma, but chieflj^ followed agriculture. He died in 1875 and his wife in 1871. Darwin S. was born in Parma July 7, 1818, and is now among the oldest men in the town, perhaps the very oldest native here. He has accumulated a comforta- ble fortune, and enjoys the respect and esteem of his fellow citizens. In 1842 he married Emily R. Foster, by whom he had three children : Henry C. and Althea A. , both of whom died in infancy; and Charles Edson, who lives on the homestead with his father. Mrs. Castle died October 16, 1891. Mr. Castle has been for many years a member of the M. E. church, and also its trustee for several j'ears. Charles E. Castle was born January 18, 1863, and in 1887 married Ella E. Williams of Parma. They have one child. Cromwell, James, was born in New York city, October 11, 1789, where he lived till 1823, doing a successful grocery business. On account of his large family of sons, however, he determined to take up farm life, and accordingly bought the David Corser farm in Ogden, comprising 207 acres of good land, to which he brought his family, and in 1825 erected the large brick house now owned and occupied b\- his son Gilbert. Mr. Cromwell died on the old place Mtirch 8, 1870, and his wife January 2, 1868. Their children were Oliver, William, Mary A., Bogart, Sally, George, Matilda, Margaret, James, Henry, John, Sally 2d, and Elizabeth. Gilbert was born October 24, 1834, on the farm he now owns, and with the exception of about five years has always lived there. He has led a quiet life, taking no part in the more active politics of his town. In 1869 he married Sarah Bradley, and has had two children, FAMILY SKETCHES. 183 Frank and Maude. Samuel B. Bradley was born in Westmoreland, Oneida county, and settled in Parma in 1830. He was a graduate of Union College, and read medi- cine with Dr. Seth Hastings of Clinton. N. Y., then came to Parma, two years later, however, going to Canada, where he became a famous scholar, being conversant with Latin, Greek, Hebrew, and many of the modern languages. He was also a prominent botanist, and an authority on many of the leading questions of the day. He was elected to the Assembly in 1828. He finally settled in West Greece, from which po nt he practiced medicine many years, dying October 3, 18S(). His first wife was Cornelia Bradley, and his second was Sarah Bartlett Crane, who bore him three children: Cornelia, William, and Sarah. Cox, Francis E., was born in the town of Rush, June 6, 1838, a son of Darius Cox, a native of Wheatland, born in 1809, whose father was Isaac Cox, of Dutchess county, who was born in 1786. The latter was a .son of Samuel Cox. The family traces its ancestry back to 1640, when three brothers of the name came from Ireland. These were unusually stahvart men, over six feet tall, and well fitted to cope with the new country. Isaac, grandfather of our subject, came to this county in 1800, and followed farming and milling in Scottsville, where he owned considerable real estate. He donated the properly used and known as the Cox Cemetery in Wheat- land. His wife was Anna Shadbolt, a native of Westchester county, born in May, 1788 a daughter of Darius and Martha Shadbolt, who came to Monroe county in 1805. The father of our subject was a farmer, and spent most of his life in Livings- ton county. He married Sarah Mitchell, of Pennsylvania, and their children were Helen, Francis, George, Angeline, Cortez, and Isaac. He died in 1884, and his widow, now aged ninety, resides with her daughter, Mr.s. Isaac Budlongof this town. Francis E. remained at home until the age of twenty-eight, when he removed to his present farm of 125 acres, and has since been activelj' engaged in general farming. In 1864 he married Henrietta Harris, of Putnam county, and their children are Lewis M., Walter S., and Robert B. Conster, Bladwin, was born in Germany, and came to .America in 1833. He re- sided in Rochester until 1865, then removed to Webster and bought the farm where he has since lived, engaged in general farming. He is the father of these children: Joseph H., Jacob H., Lewis B. , Caroline M., wife of Peter Klein, who lives on the farm with her father. Cowles, J. B., M. D., of Fairport, was born at Windham, Greene county. His father, Norman Cowles, was a furniture dealer of Rochester, where his son. the sub- ject, was educated at the old Rochester High School. His medical studies began with Dr. Hoyt of Palmyra, with whom he remained three years then took a course of lectures at Ann Arbor. Mich. After some practice he took a postgraduate cour.se at Long Island Hospital College in 1878, since which he has practiced at Fairport, making a specialty to some extent of the diseases of women and children. Dr. Cowles is a staunch Republican, an Odd Fellow and a Mason. Crocker, A. J., born at Sardinia, Erie county, May 2, 1839, son of Philander C. Crocker, received his education at Marion Collegiate Institute, and his first business venture was as a traveling confectioner, in which he continued ten years. In 1884 he located on the Bostworth farm and has developed a talent for successful farming. 184 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. the more noteworthy bcL-ause of the widespread depression that industry has siilTered. December 27, 18GG, he married Emily L. Atwood of Marion. Colby, Ephraim, and Mary, his wife, were among the pioneers of Ogden. the former born in 1747 and the latter in 174.'). Their children were Ephraim, Mary, Zacheus, Mary 2d, Abraham, Isaac, Timothj , Eastman and Merrill. C(j1. Eastman Colby, frequently mentioned in Ogden town history, was one of the foremost men of the town, and received his title from service in the State militia during 1812. He married Hannah Niles, and their children were Harriet, Eastman, jr., Amos N., Hannah M., Edward H., Charles, Abram and Sarah. Of these Harriet, Eastman and Charles are deceased. Colonel Colby was born m New Hampshire in 1785 and died in 1859. His wife was born in 1794 and died in 18S0. The family Fettled on Colby street, north of where E. H. Colby now lives. The latter was born in his present home February 4, 1827, and has always lived in this immediate vicinity. He has followed agriculture, has always been interested in public affairs, and is a firm but conservative Republican. For thirty-five years he has been an active member and trustee of the Baptist church. In 1848 he married Sarah, daughter of William Webster, the latter a member of one of the pioneer families of this region, and they have had these children: Harriet, wife of Louis M. Millener; Frances, wife of A. D. Preston; George E., Ella, wife of Lewis W. Adams, and William W., all of Ogden. Buckland, Leonard, than whom no man living in the town of Brighton can claim a longer residence, was born at Phelps, N. Y., in 1811, his parents removing to Brighton three years later. His father was Abner Buckland, from Hebron, Conn., who settled at Phelps in 1804. Of six .sons and one daughter, Leonard is the sole survivor For forty years he was a brick manufacturer, besides having large farm- ing interests, and being a contracting builder in Rochester. Always a Republican, his life has been too busy for political affairs. Mr. Buckland was first married in 18:34, and his three daughters, Almira, Edna, and Harriet, are married and residents of i^righton. He has also one son, Warren C. He has lived for si.xt}^ years on the same farm, and his personal reminiscences are naturally interesting. He distinctly recollects Sam Patch's acrobatic feats of 1825. Burritt, Isaac, a native of Connecticut, came to Cliili in JSlfi bringing with him his young wife, and took up land in the town. In 1852 he removed to Ogden, living for a time at Spencerport, but later returned to Chili, where he died. His children were John, born in 1815, who died in the West Indies in 1885; Augusta, who married Dr. Joseph Bangs; James, deceased; Leonard, of Ogden; Ann, who married H. D. Vroom ; Isaac, who died in Texas; Chauncey, also deceased. Leonard, was born in Chili, February 14, 1828, was educated in Riga Academy, and in Berkshire, Mass. He made his own way in life after reaching eighteen, and for a time resided in Michigan. In 1852 he returned to Ogden where his father lived, and here he has since resided He has served as assessor, collector of government taxes, in 1871-3 was member of assembly; and from 1881 to 1889 was supervisor of this town. His has been an active political career, and a successful one. For forty years he has been a member of the Presbyterian church, as has also his wife. In 1856 Mr. Bur- ritt married Sophronia, daughter of Horatio Davis, of Riga, and they have three children: Chauncey, now of La Peer, Mich. ; William I., of Rochester, and Horatio, of this town. FAMILY SKETCHES. 185 Burns. Capt. William II., was born in the town of Murray, May 29, 1842, a son of Walton Burns, who came to the town of Sweden in 1812 with his father, Robert Burns. Walton married Hannah, daughter of Isaac Smith, who was a pioneer of Orleans county. William H. was educated in the common schools, and is a self- made man. In 1864 he married Laura Page, who died in 180(5, and in 1807 he mar- ried Sophia Barrett, and they have seven children: Willard K., Henry A., Edw^ard C, Mrs, Laura L. Townsend, Grace L., Alice M., and Bessie C. In 18C9 he engaged in the hardware business at Leslie, Mich., then removed to Lansing, and sold musi- cal instruments. In 1878 he returned to Murray and engaged in the real estate busi- ness, coming to Brockport in 1888, where he engaged in the steamboat business, at present owning and controlling a number of boats plying from Rochester to Buffalo. Our subject is one of the enterprising men of his town. Bellinger. Charles H., was born in Clark.son, February 18, 18:39, a son of John F. Bellinger, who came from Herkimer county to Clarkson in 1825. The latter married Ann Marcellus, and took a prominent part in the affairs of his town, and was an elder in the Presbyterian church. He died in 1885, in his eighty-second year. Charles H. was educated at the academy at Clarkson, and in 1862 enlisted in Co. A, 140th N. Y. Vols., participating in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellor.sviUe, Gettysburg, the Wilderness, Spottsylvania, and many other engagements of lesser note, receiving an honorable discharge at the close of the war in 1865. In 1893 he established his present business of general merchandise and groceries. In 1874 he married Harriet E. Flint, and has had two children: Frederick A. and Willis A. He has served as assessor and was appointed postmaster in 189!}. Brownson, Isaac, was born in Genesee county in 1819, a son of Gideon Brownson. Mr. Brownson worked in Mendon for some years, and was later engaged in business there. In 1861 he came to Rochester and opened a grocery store on Main street, east of the river. In 1867 he removed to Penfield, and in 1868 opened a store there, and was postmaster for thirteen years, after which his daughter filled the office iof three years. He has one son, Lewis, and two daughters, Brailer, Leo, who is a native of Penfield, is one of four sons of Joseph Brailer, who came from Germany in 1857, and settled on a farm. Mr. Brailer is now engaged in the meat market business, having opened a store in 1886. He is also a butcher. He has one son, l^ouis. Barker, Albert N., was born in Augusta, Oneida county, January 2, 1839, a son of Milo and Esther Barker. His father, a veterinary surgeon, came to Parma in 1844. Albert resided on a farm until 1872, when he learned the blacksmith trade, which he thereafter followed until his retirement in 1891. In 1861 Mr. Barker enlisted in Co. M, 3d N.Y. Cavalry, and served three years. He was pre.sent at the first attack on Petersburg in 1864. While on the Wilson raid Mr. Barker was wounded in the hip, and confined to the hospital for a month. He was mustered out at Suffolk, Va.. in 1865. Returning home he resumed farming.' but later spent three years in the oil regions. Since his retirement from blacksmithing he has dealt in agricultural im- plements. He has taken a prominent part in local politics, having served as justice of the peace and justice of sessions. October 17. 1893, he assumed the duties of post- master of Spencerport. He is a Mason, a member of the G .\.R . of the A.O.U. W.. 180 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. and is serving his second term as village trustee. In 1801 Albert N. Barker married Mary J. Hinton, and of their five children two survive: George C. and Sarah E. Blackford, Samuel, who for twenty-five years was among Ogden's business men, was born in Worcestershire England, and came to this country at the age of twenty- five. He was a miller by trade, and for a time worked in Rochester, and later worked on the Chapman farm for a time. Still later he came to Spencerport and was employed in the mills there. In 1844 he bought the mill, which he conducted till 18(il, when he sold the property and bought a farm, which he operated till 18G7, then removed to Greece. He died in Charlotte in 1875. His wife was Amy Jones, also born in England, by whom he had five children: Joseph, Sarah, Matilda, Susan and Jane (deceased). Mr. Blackford returned to England in 1850, having sold his mill, but repurchased it on his return to the town. Joseph Blackford was born August 18, 1842, and has always resided in this county, having been for several years an active central figure m business circles. He began business at Town Pump, drilling wells, and his wife taught school there. In 1868 he went to the Genesee country, but re- turned to Ogden, and after working as a carpenter and well driller, he came to Adams Basin for six years and engaged in the grocery and produce business, when he dropped the grocery business and engaged only in produce, which has since been a leading interest in the town, and by far the most extensive in its locality. The warehouse was built about 1884, and Mr. Blackford became its proprietor iu 1894. He has served. as constable, collector, overseer of the poor, etc. His first wife was Mary L. Foower, by whom he had five children. She died in 1883, and in 1884 he married Myra A., daughter of Silas Dole, by whom he has one child. Bush, Conrad, came from Seneca county to Parma about 1828 with a large family of children, among them Heniy, Gilbert, Rachael, Polly, Christopher and Peter, and of these only Gilbert survives. He was born in Seneca county in 1805, and married Mary Holmes. Of their children three grew to maturity: Rebecca A., who married Lewis Ireland; Hannah, wife of Willard S. Peck, and Mary C, who mar- ried George D. Keiiyon, and resides in California. His first wife died about 1846, and Mr. Bush married, second, Charlotte Brewer, now deceased. Gilbert Bush is a self-educated and well informed man, who by frugality and industry has amassed a good property. He is still active, though ninety years old. Willard S. Peck was born in Levviston, Niagara county. May 7, 1828, and was a son of Alva and Lovica Peck and the seventh of their nine children. Both parents are now deceased, having died when Willard was but nine. Since that time he has been forced to make his own way in life, and his efforts have been plentifully rewarded. He resided in various towns of this county before settling permanently in Parma, his first farm having been in Clarkson. He now owns and occupies one of the best appointed places in the town. In 1855 he married Hannah Bush, and they have had one child, Fanny Adelia, who died aged nineteen. Berridge, William R., whose comfortable home and splendid farm are located just east of the village of North Parma, was born in Parma, September 28, 1843, a son of William Berridge, one of Parma's foremost men of his day. William R. was a farmer, and an active and energetic young man, whose career was suddenly cut .short in 187!), he having died October 26, of that year. January 1, 1868, he married l^AMILY SKETCflES. 187 Bessie White Draffin, daughter of WiUiam Drafifin, of this town, and tiieir cliildren were Marietta, who married Philo P. Clapper, of Parma; Maggie I., and Mabel, who died in childhood. Mr. Berridge is remembered as one of the active young men of Parma, and a leader in the Democratic jiarty. He was a member of the Baptist church. Bulkeley, H. L., was born in the town of Sweden, January 27, 1848. His father, Guy R., was a native of Genesee county and came to Monroe in 1842. His wife was Elsie A., daughter of Peter Smith. His death occurred in 1889, in his seventy- second year. H. L. Bulkeley was educated in the Brockport Collegiate Institute, and in 1873 married Emeline, daughter of Seth Harris. Our subject is one of the prosperous and successful men of the town. Bass, Loring, who for many years was a carpenter and builder of Parma, was a native of Otsego county. He died in Parma Center in 1885, and his wife in 1887. They had five children who grew to maturity: Hanford, Adelbert, Amelia A.,Velora and Ella. Hanford Bass was born March 5, 1839, and followed farming until Octo- ber, 1861, when he enlisted in Co. C, 26th N.Y.Vols. , and was in the service twenty- one months, being mustered out July 2, 1863, at Utica, after which he was wardmaster in the General Hospital at David's Island two years, returning to Parma July 4, 1865. He then engaged with his father as carpenter and builder, which partnership con- tmued twelve years, after which he was engaged ten years for himself. In 1885 he opened a lumber yard at North Parma, and in 1890 added a coal yard. He has also dealt in other wares and carried on an extensive and successful business. He has also been active in political affairs in Parma, serving two j^ears as village president. In 1866 he married Adeline Castle, and their only child, Libbie, died aged twenty. Abram Castle, of the pioneer family of Castles in Parma, had several children, among them being Emeline, Polly, Nelson and Clark. Emeline went to Chicago; Polly, married Nelson Taber and removed to Tompkins county, and Clark died in Parma. Nelson married twice, his second wife being Emeline Hall and their chiM dren are as follows. Adeline, Amy, Frank, and one who died young. Nelson Castle died at the age of eighty-three. Barrett, T. E. — The Barretts are of an English family, and long of commercial im- portance at Portsmouth, England, where Robert BaiTett was born in 1817 and be- came in later life a skilled joiner and boat builder. In 1835 he came to America and settled in Rochester, first practicing his trade of calker, and later establishing an in- dependent business as builder, with a dry dock at Charlotte. In 1895 we find him retired from a successful business, making his home on a suburban farm near Pitts- ford, purchased in 1888, consisting of 150 acres of choice land. Of thirteen children born to Robert Barrett, but two sons survive: Thomas E. and Robert, jr., the latter now operating a lighter in the waters adjacent to New York city. Thomas Barrett still conducts a large boat-building business at Lock 66, the firm being Robert Barrett & Son. In 1874 he married Lydia Yeoman, of Rochester, by whom he had four children. She died in 1880. His present wife was Annie L. Cleary, of Roches- ter, by whom he has three children. Beedle, Ichabod, was born in Sweden, December 20, 1821, a son of James, one of the pioneers of the town, and bought a tract of woodland, which he cleared. lie 188 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. married Abigail Beedle, and of their ten children four survive. His death occurred in 1827 in his fifty-fifth year. Ichabod Beedle was educated in the public s-x-hools, and in 1845 married Mary Wheelock, by whom he had one son, Rufus. He is a practical and successful farmer, taking an active interest in all local affairs. Bailey, David L., was born in Haddam, Conn., in 1817, ason of Jonathan R. Meigs Bailey, born there in 1779, whose father was Jacob, a native of England, who came to America, and was killed at the battle of Stony Point, July 16, 1779. Jonathan was reared on the homestead and for many years followed carpentry. He came to this town in 1837, and settled land now owned by our subject, where he followed farming and also plied his trade, being a mechanical genius. He manufactured many elagaut clock cabinets for the old-fashioned wall clocks, many of which are still stand- ing in the houses in this region. One of these old clocks still stands in the hall of our subject's home, which was made by Jonathan in 18)1. The wife of the latter was Hannah Shaler of his native place, born in 1781. Their children were Jonathan, Sallie N., Chauncey, Hezekiah, Meigs, David, Cynthia S. , Marvin S. and Harvey. They died ou the old homestead, cared for by their son, David. Mr. Bailey has al- was followed farming, and has taken some interest in i olitics, having served nine years as commissioner of highways. In 1844 he married Laura G. Brainard. of Had- dam, Conn., and their children are Brainard T., Charles H>, and Harriet A , wife of William King, of New York. Charles H. was elected justice in 1889, but resigned to accept the office of under-sheriff, having served five years in that capacity. He is a member of. the Masonic fraternity. His wife is l^ylizabeth A., daughter of John and Sarah A. Springer, of Henrietta. Mrs. Bailey is a daughter of Roswell and Laura Brainard, of Connecticut. Mr. Brainard was for many years an officer on Blackwell's island, and his father was Ansel, son of Josiah Brainard, who was a lieutenant in the Revolution. He came to America in the ^layflower. Doa-e, Dr. W. H., of Pittsford, was born in Springfield, Ontario, October 28, lcS6G, a son of the late well-known and eminent physician George H. Doane, M. D. The elder Dr. Doane was also of Canadian birth, and came here in 1877, after eight years practice at North Branch, Mich. His death occurred here in 1892 at the age of fifty- five years. W. H. Doane may be said to have begun his medical studies in childhood, under the tuition of his late father. In 1886 he entered the IIomhii, was born in England in 1S41 and came to America when but a bov. After residing in Pentield for some years he went to Rochester, where he worked for a period of fourteen years for one man, and then came to Webster and bought the farm where he now lives, and is engaged in general farming. His wife was Mary Hridgeman, whose father, John, came from England in 18r)l and settled in Penfield, where he died in 1894. They have one daughter, Emily. Middleton, George H., was born in 1847, a son of George Middleton, of Wayne county. He married Margaret, daughter of James W., and granddaughter of Robert Kennedy, and they reside on a part of the old homestead which Robert Kennedv settled. They have three sons, Kirtland, George Maurice, and Ellis G. Their two daughters are Harriet E. and Margaret M. Middleton, Harriet, is a daughter of James W. Kennedy, who was born in 1802 and died in 1850, and a granddaughter of Robert Kennedy, who came from Scotland to America in 1785, and settled in Webster on the farm where Mrs. Middleton now lives. The latter is the widow of John Middleton, who died in .883, leaving three children, Arthur R., W. Howard, and Martha G. Mo.seley, L. P., was born at Lebanon, Madison county, October 10, 18U0, a son of Araunah Moseley, of Massachusetts, who came to Madison county when twenty- seven, and was among its earliest settlers. The mother was of the old Hyde family, famous in the annals of the protracted litigation for the original estate. Araunah Moseley lived to be ninety-two, and the family is noted for the longevity of its male members. Leander acquired his education without the facilities now so universal, and recollects distmctly the "pine-not" period of his researches in the realm of literature. Now a genial gentleman whom eighty-five years have not withered men- tally, his personal resemblance to the late poet Holmes is quite striking. When he settled here in 1837 there were few but log houses in the region, and the forest yet awaited the settler's axe. In 1842 Mr. Moseley married Elizabeth Dewey, and their children are Anna, wife of C. C. Moore, of Fairport; Carrie, wife of Prof. M. E. Cooley, of Ann Arbor University, and Jedediah, a farmer at home. Merritt, F. G., was Ijorii in the town of Parma, May 8, 1848, a son of Timothy Merritt, of Dutchess county. The family is of English descent, and the first of the name in this country came about 1700. Timothy married Abbie Carhart, and settled in Monroe county in 1840, in Parma, where he was identified with agriculture. He died in 1886, in his eighty-sixth year. F. G. Merritt was educated in the Brockport Collegiate Institute, taught school for three years, and then engaged at railroad work for four years. In 1876 he was connected with the Normal School as steward, and later as head engineer, resigning in 1894. In 1872 he married Mary E., daugh- ter of Elijah T. Watkins, of Prattsburg, Steuben county, a merchant of that town forty years, and one of the prominent men. Mr. and Mrs. Merritt have had three children, Herbert W., Maud, and Blanche. Lester, Julius, was born in Brockport, March S), 18(il, a son of John, a native of Frankfort, Germany, who came to America in 1843, and settled in Brockport, where he was a well known manufacturer of shoes. He married Catherine Kimpal, and they had ten children. Julius was educated in the Brockport Normal School, and then entered the emj)loy of R. W. Reed. In 1883 he established himself in business. FAMILY SKETCHES. 209 and at present is the largest dealer in his line of fine dry goods, cloaks, etc., in the village. In 1886 he married Emma T., daughter of John Owen.s. They have had four children: Joseph, Frederick, Nathaniel, and Louise. Our .subject is one of the leading business men of his town. Lord, Mrs. Huldah, widow of the late Anson Lord, of Pittsford, was born at Hen- rietta, Monroe county. Her family came from Vermont in an early day in the his- tory of the county, and settled at Henrietta. Her father was Jonah D. Simonds. a well known physician of the regular school, who had a large and successful practice. December 10, 1832, she married Anson Lord, who was born at Ballston, Saratoga county, September 9, 1810. His father, Daniel Lord, was a hotel-keeper at Ballston, and it was because of his death in 1820 that Anson Lord came here to reside with his aunt, who had already settled here. For seven years he followed the trade of car- penter, later engaging in farming. The children of Anson and Huldah Lord are now widely scattered, and two daughters, Clara and Louise, are deceased. Mary J., the elder daughter, married Ichabod Benson, of Fisher's, N.Y. William is in Mendon, engaged in farming; James, a resident of Rochester, where Mathias, next younger. is a physician ; and Daniel the youngest son, is on a ranch in Nebraska. Merkel, Henry, one of the substantial farmers of Pittsford, and a citizen universally respected, came to America in 1857, being then twenty-four years of age. He was born October 11, 1833, in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, and had learned and prac- ticed the weaver's trade before emigration. Twelve years after his settlement in Perinton he purchased in 1869 a farm of 100 acres, located in southern Pittsford, and there he now resides, surrounded by the tangible proofs of his owm toil and frugality. In 1860 Mr. Merkel married Lizzie Christ, of his native town, and their children are Fred, Clara, Annie and Louis. The oldest son is a stationary engineer at Roches- ter, and the youngest son is at home. Both daughters are married and live in Pitts- ford. Mr. Merkel has also adopted a nephew, now eleven years of age, George Merkel. Marsh, Jonathan E., a well known and prominent citizen of Pittsford, was born where he now resides. May 9, 1837. His father, of the same name, settled here in 1835, having come from Connecticut. The elder Marsh was a man of much enter- prise and public .spirit, an adherent of the Whig party, and a pillar of the Presby- terian church. In 1849 he caught the infection of the gold hunters, butw-as attacked by a fatal illness before reaching California, and died soon after reaching San Fran- cisco. Of his six children but two survive: Mrs. Almira D. Wallace, of Coldwater, Mich., and Jonathan E.,M'ho, since his student days at Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, has lived on the old homestead, being extensively engaged in farming. In 1872 he married Mary Pringle, of Perinton, by whom he had two children, William J. and Mary L. She died after six years. The son is now at Ann Arbor. Mich., pursuing a course in electrical engineering, and the daughter is a student at Fairport. The present Mrs. Marsh was, before her marriage, Jean Shaw, of Rochester, a lady of much culture, haviag been for several years a successful and popular teacher of that city. Osbon, William, was born in Penfield in 1836, and was the son of Abner and Mary K. Mines Osbon, and grandson of Abner, who was among the early settlers of Pen- 210 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. field Center. Mr. OsVxm's father, Abner, came from Connecticut to Penfield in 180U, and settled at Higbie's Corners, and in 1849 moved to Penfield Center, where he was for some years highway commissioner, also overseer of the poor, and for twenty years justice of the peace. He had four sons, two of whom, William and John, were in the 8th New York Cavalry from 18(52 to 1865, both entering as privates and being discharged, John as second lieutenant, and William as first lieutenant. In 18(58 William married Frances Brownell, and now lives near where his grandfather settled and where he died in 1815. Odell, Hiram, was born in Wayne county where his father settled in early life. He was a farmer for some years before coming to this town, and on his arrival here kept a market for one year, then in 1882 opened a wagon .shop, which was burned in 1887. He rebuilt on the old site, where he now conducts a sash and blind factory, in partnership with his brother John, the firm being known as Odell Brothers. This firm were held in such esteem by their townspeople that .several hundred dollars were raised to assist them after their loss. Rogers, Mrs. Charles W., was before her marriage Dorothy, daughter of Marvin and Jane (Phelps) Hopkms. In 1866 she married Charles W. Rogers, a son of the well-known contractor of Rochester, Henry T. Rogers. Mr. Rogers was for a time engaged in business with his father, but a preference for country life led him to pur- chase in 1863 a farm in the town of Pittsford. Mr. and Mrs. Rogers have had four daughters: Jennie E., Carrie L., Mary L., and Anna Belle. The artistic tastes of these young ladies find expression in charmingly executed oil paintings with which their home is embellished, and which arc well worthy of exhibition to a larger public. Richards, Gurdon, was born in New I ondon. Conn., January, 9, 1817, a .son of Robert, a native of the same State. The family trace their descent from five broth- ers who came from Holland in 1750. Robert married Lucretia Chadwick, and was a farmer in New London. Gurdon Richards came to Genesee county in 1839, and in 1844 married Lucy F. Field, daughter of Harvey Field, and they have one son, Maro A. In 1860 Mr. Richards came to Bockport and engaged in the grain and produce business, then spent a short time in the oil fields, and later engaged in the flour and feed business. He is a representative business man of the town, and served as assessor five years. He is a prominent member of the Odd Fellows fraternity. Root, Seymour H., was born in Sweden November 22, 1842. His father was An- drew, brother of F. P. Root, was a pioneer of this town, and married Almira How- ard the daughter of Sampson Howard. The family traces its descent from Henry Root, who died at Westham, England, in 1580. Andrew was a prominent and suc- cessful farmer, and a man whose judgment was sought by many. He died in 1860 in his forty-fourth year. Seymour W. was educated in Brockport, and in 1867 mar- ried Lucy, daughter of J. B. Reed, and their children are Mary A. and Ada B. Rockwell, Washington L., was born in Ohio, June 18, 1818. His father, Levi, a native of Massacliu.setts, went West and bought a large tract of land. He married Polly Thompson. W. L. Rockwell was educated in the common schools, and is a .self-made and self-educated man. In 1846 he married Agnes J., daughter of Thomas FAMILY SKETCHiiS. 2ll Talcott. Mr. Rockwell has served his town as supervisor three terms, and in 1870-77 was elected to the State Legislature. He has also served as justice of the peace for twenty years, and has had a long and honorable record of public life. Reed, John J., was born in Brockport, March 3, 1839. His father was Resolved Reed, of Lebanon, Mass., who came to this county in 1825 and married Nancy M. Wright. He was for years a manufacturer of boots and shoes, and also a carpenter. His death occurred m 1883, aged eighty-three. Our subject married Rhoda J., daughter of Charles Bates, and their children are Morton G. and Mrs. Evalyn Boyd. Mr. Reed has always been recognized as a man ot conservative character and of strict integrity. Robinson, Aaron, came to Ogden from Canterbury, N. H., in 1816, at the age of sixteen, driving an ox team the whole way. He became a successful farmer, and died in this town in 1889. By his wife, Rebecca A. Willard, he had two children: Willard, who resides in Minnesota, and Catharine, who married De Witt C. Brower. Rebecca Robinson d'ed in 1871. Johu Brower came to Ogden from New Jersey and was an early settler in the town. He was twice married and reared a family of chil- dren. The late De Witt C. Brower, who dieti December 39, 1890, was a son of the second marriage, and was known as one of Ogden's enterprising and successful farmers. He married Catharine Robinson, and after a j-ear located on the old Rob- inson homestead in the southeast part of the town. The children of this marriage were Caroline, wife of H. W. Sperry ; F. Willard, of Ogden; Edgar A., of Church- ville; Ellsworth A., of Ogden; Charles E., of Rochester; and Henry G., of Ogden. Catharine R. Brower, died April 16, 1886. Ellsworth A. Brower, who now lives on the old farm, married Catharine, daughter of Henry S. and Helen Flagg. They have two children. Rich, James M., a son of pioneer Josiah Rich (elsewhere mentioned), was born in Spencerport, March 16, 1827, and has always lived in Ogden. At the age of twenty seven (18.'34), he married Elizabeth, daughter of Ephraim Brownell, and widow of William Rich, and settled on a part of the home farm. They have had two children : James F., who lives on the farm with his father; and Louisa, who died aged eight- een. Mr. Rich has been an energetic and economical farmer, and a man much re- spected in Ogden. Ephraim Brownell came to Rochester in 1822, to Ogden in 1830, and removed to Michigan in 1840, where he engaged in lumbering. Of his nine children, all except ElizabeUi and Sophronia went to Michigan. The former married William Rich in 1840. Mr. Rich die^ in 1852, after which she married James M. Rich as above. Rafferty, William and Thomas, well-known business men in Scottsville, were born there in 1843 and 1844 respectively, sons of Patrick Rafferty, a native of Ireland, born in 1810, whose father was William. Patrick was a carriagcmaker, and came to this country in 1837, settling in Scottsville, where he obtained employment at his trade until 1841, then started a shop for himself, and established a large trade. In 1871 he retired and was succeeded in business by his sons. He was one of the found- ers of the Catholic church in Scottsville. His wife was Catharine Barnes, born in County Kilkenny, Ireland, in 1813. She died in 1887 and he in 1888. The brothers have remained in partnership till the present time. They have added to their pos- 212 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. sessions two large farms of 210 and 212 acres each, which are supervised by William, who also acts as bookkeeper for the firm. In 1^94 the latter was nominated super- visor of the town, but declined to accept. Refills the position of trustee of the village .school. Thomas married Ann Cassidy, and their children are Catharine M., and William J. Reeve, Thomas, is a well-known and successful farmer, born where he now resides in Henrietta in 1827. William, his father, was a native of England born in 1794, who came to America in 1816, and to^ Utica, where he organized a company of eight young Engli.shmen for the purpose of taking contracts in excavating on the Erie canal. During the following seven years they made seven miles of canal, and he also assisted in cutting stone for the Brighton Locks. With the money made by his canal work he came to Henrietta, and bought fifty acres, which comprised a por- tion of the farm of Thomas Reeve. He died in 1856, being the owner of 296 acres, and a large amount of personal property. His wife was Ann Taylor, born in Eng- land in 1803, who came to this country at the age of sixteen with her mother and brother, landing in New York. A few months later she and her brother started from New York city and walked to Pittsford, much of the way through the forest, requir- ing three weeks for the journey. Of her eleven children, five survive: William, Thomas, John, Frederick, and Mrs. Sarah H. Mellows of this town. She died Jan- uary 24, 1894, aged ninety years. Thomas has remained on the homestead, where he has been very successful, doing a large loaning busines in connection with real estate. He has over 50(1 acres of land. Randolph, Joseph, was burn in 1828, a son of Benjamin H., and a grandson of Joseph Randolph, who lived in Wayne county, aud was the father of four sons. Benjamin Randolph came to Webster in 1834 and settled on the farm where Josejih now lives, dying in 1888. Joseph has one son, J. W., who now carries on the farm, and one daughter, Mrs. George Wizer. Rightmire, N. A., of Fairport, dealer in harness and horse furnishing goods, was born at Berkshire, Tioga county, his father being Squire Rightmire of New Jersey birth, at one time a clerk in the custom house at New York. The latter removed to Berkshire, where he spent the rest of his life as a contractor. Mr. Rightmire is a practical mechanic, and is really master of several trades, having learned carpentry and blacksmithing. In 1874 he removed to Fairport, and for fifteen years was cu.s- todian of the premises of H. A. De Land. In 1890 he established the harne.ss busi- ness at No. 17 South Main street. He is a citizen of upright character, and has been trustee of the village and of the Congregational church. In 1867 he married Anna Burns of Ovid, Seneca county, and they have four children: William G., Frederick R., Alice B., and Harry A. William, the elder son, is clerk at S. Morey & Sons'; Frederick is studying law, and both are high school graduates. One son, Francis L., died in 1872, aged one year, and in 1893 Mrs. Rightmire died. Pease, Levi J., was born in Clarkson, Jantiary 21, 1823, a son of George Pease, a native of Hartford, Conn., and the family trace their lineage to the Puritans who landed in the Mayflower. George married Betsey Greene, and they came to this county in 1806, making the journey by wagon, and having to ford the Genesee River. They were twenty-four miles from the nearest mill at Rochester, and carried their FAMILY SKETCHES. 213 grain through the woods on horseback. George Pease died in IS'jIi, in the prime of manhood. Levi J. was educated in the common schools, and learned shoemaking. In 1840 he came to Brockport and engaged with Mason Davis, and in 1863 established the grocery business, with which he has been identified through his active business life. In 1845 he married Miranda Orcutt, daughter of Edward Orcutt. Peterson, Axel, was born in Germany and came to America in 1875. He lived in Utica until 1884, when he came to Penfield and collected and shipped material for fertilizers until 1894, when he started a phosphate factory for himself. His business office is in Rochester. Parker, Clark, was born in Bristol m 1855, and was the son of Walter D. and Helen (Carpenter) Parker. He married Catharine Timmons, who died leaving two daugh- ters. His second marriage was with Helen Barnes. Mr. Parker has lived in Can- andaigua and various other places, and now resides on the old Higbie homestead, where his father, mother, and two brothers, Charles H. and Frank, live with him. Peckham, Frank 1., was born in Pembroke, Genesee county, November 13, 1859, a son of William S., of the same town, who was born May 21, 1824. The family came to Genesee county from Connecticut in 1823. William S. married Sarah C, daughter of Russell Munger, and their children are Frank I. and Charles N. In 1888 he came to Brockport, where he now resides. Frank I. was educated in the public schools, after which he engaged in farming for four years. In 1882 he built an apple evaporator in the town of Byron, and in 1885 came to Brockport and in connection with H. H. Hibbard engaged in the same business. Mr. Hibbard retired in 1891, after which our subject continued the trade alone. The plant has a capacity of 1,50(1 bushels per day, and in addition to this Mr. Peckham has put in a complete appara- tus for making vinegar. In 1881 he married Sadie E., daughter of John Wilson, and they have one child, Clara E. Perry, Alfonso, M. D., came from Stephentown, Rensselaer county, where his early years were -spent. In 183U he married Marietta Piatt, and settled in the town of Clarkson, where for years he was activel}^ engaged in the practice of medicine. He was also prominently connected with town and county affairs, holding various posi- tions of trust and responsibility, being twice elected to the Assembly. His death occurred in 1870, in his sixty-fifth year. His hand was ever extended in aid of the cause of education and religion. His widow followed him in 1892, in her eighty- second year, having spent the latter portion of her life with Mrs. Augusta Bates. She was an example of true Christian womanhood, whose life was devoted to her family and the service of her Master. Pitt, Thomas, is a son of William Pitt, who came from England in 1854 and settled in Brighton, where his .son Thomas was born, and there the family resided for a number of years. They finally came to Webster in 1886, and settled on a farm, which our subject now conducts for his father, the place being opposite that of William Pitt. Peets, Lemuel H., is a prominent life resident of Monroe county, born in Pittsford, June 24, 1825, a son of Hiram, who was a native of Massachusetts, born in 1798, who came to Pittsford with an uncle, with whom he lived. Most of his life was sjicnt in 214 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Pittsford, and his last days were spent in Michigan with a daughter. He died in l.ST"). Mis wife was Roxie Sackett, daughter of Lemuel Sackett, who came to Pitts- ford in 1818. The line for the Erie Canal being surveyed across his farm, he took the contract of digging the canal for that distance, 180 rods. Their children were Frances, Lemeul H., Levantia, James, Mary, Martha and George. The motherdied in 1858. Our subject began for himself as a farmer in Pitt.sford, on the home farm, where he remained several years. In 1859 he removed to Henrietta, and bought the farm where he now lives. He was an extensive dealer in cattle and hogs in his earlier life. He has served in various positions of trust and responsibility, among them being assessor, commissioner of highways, etc. In 1849 he married Adelia, daughter of F.lijah and Lucy M. (Allen) Webster, of Connecticut, and their children are Helen E., wife of Willett E. Chase, of this town; Addie L., wife of Frank B. Lusk, of Pittsford; Henry F., and Charles W. Patter.son, W. H., of Fairport, dealer in cigars and tobacco, confections and fruit. Mr. Patterson was educated in Schenectady Lyceum and began his business life as a clerk in a dry goods store in that town. In 1857 he married Gertrude Wiley, of Florida, N. Y. (now deceased), and soon after engaged in the grocery trade near Schenectady. He had two children by his first wife: Harriet and Seely, the former deceased. His present wife \vg,s Gertrude Dickmson, of Oswego, and her children are Freeman N., who died young, and Lois M., born in 1887. Mr. Patterson was born at Florida, N. Y. , July 29, 1886. His late father, Seely Patterson, a widelv known and influential politician and speculator, was postmaster for twenty-five years at Pattersonville. the station having been originally named for him, and during a portion of this term William was his deputy. Seely Patterson died in 1882. and four years later our subject located in the Taylor block in Fairport as a grocer, then in 1887 established his present line of trade in the Chadwick block, where he was located three years, occupying since 1890 his present location in the Ives block. Mr. Patterson is one of the most genial of men, and is now trustee of the village. Peters. Isaac E., was born in Macedon, September 30, 1846, a son of the late Xury Peters, of that place. Mr. Peters has been a railroad man all his life, entering the employ of the New York Central Company in 1866 as a brakeman between Roches- ter and Syracuse. During his twenty-eight years of service he has seen many changes in railway equipment and management. November 8, 1872, he married Mercy A. Peters, of Macedon, and soon after removed to Fairport. They hav^e had one son, Walter, born November 17, 1880; and two daughters. Bertha and Edith, the former dying in infancy and the latter at the age of nine years. Mr. Peters was first in I'airport to supply his home with the new water service. Parmele, Jame*^, came from Pompey and settled first in Mendon, when he was drafted in the war of 1812. In 1881 lie removed with his family to Ogden, and located where James, his grandson, now lives. His children were Betsey, George W., Amos and Charles. James, the pioneer, was a justice of the peace, a man of much good sense, and it is said that during his twenty-four years of service not one of his judgments was ever reversed. George W. was born in Mendon in 1808, and died in Ogden January 24, 1889. His wife, Susan Burlingame, was born in 1811, and died March 24, 1881. Their children were Nancy J., who married Asa M. Baird, FAMILY SKETCHES. 215 and James, a farmer of Ogden, now on the homestead. The latter was l)orn A])ril 11, 1835, and his occupations have been varied. He was clerk in Raymond's store at the Basin two years, and in 1855 went to Virginia and engaged in the public works, later going to North Carolina, and coming North just before the war. He has been on the old farm since 1361. In 1864 he married Martha W. True, and they have had three children : Susie, Nellie, and Ransom T. Ransom B. True was born in New Jersey in 1805, a son of Moses True, who settled in Riga. Ransom married, first, Martha Whittier, by whom he had two children, and second, Harriet IVIorse, and they had six children. Price, George S., M.D., of Fairport, was born April 11, 1868. His father, George Price, was born here and spent most of his life in Rush. Of his paternal grand- father the same statement is true, an interesting instance of love of place. After four years at Gene.see Wesleyan Seminary Dr. Price spent some time in the office of Dr. Kellogg, of Rush. His subsequent medical training was of a most thorough character, graduating in 1891 from the University of the City of New York, and later from the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati, O. Prior to his settlement in Fair- port, in 1894, Dr. Price passed a year in hospital practice at St. Louis. Mo. In the village of his adoption he" is already highly esteemed both as a man and a physician. He holds the position of coroner and health officer. Reddick, Robert, was born in Canada and there learned his trade of blacksmith. He came to Penfield in 1879, and in 1880 opened a blacksmith and carriage repairing shop, and also builds and sells carriages and wagons. He built the shop where he now works. He has one son, William. B. McGonegal, George E., was born in Hillsdale, Columbia countj% N. Y., April 8, 1828, and came with his parents to Monroe county in 1834. He was educated in the public schools and in the Rochester High School. He was a farmer bv occupation, and married Louisa E Loder, of Rochester. N. Y., by whom he has two children: John B. , who married Frances Michaelson of Rochester, and Bertha L., who resides * at home. Mr. McGonegal was supervisor of the town of Irondequoit in 1860 and 1861, and in the fall of 1861 was elected> member of assembly for the First Assembly District of Moni-oe county, and was re-elected to the same position in the fall of 1862. He was elected county superintendent of the j^oor of Monroe county in 1870, and held that position for twentj'-four consecutive years, having been elected every third year during that time. John McGonegal, father of George E.. was born in Columbia county, N. Y., in 1790, and was educated in the schools of that early day. He mar- ried Margery Hoyt of his native place, by whom he had three sons: William R., Henry B. , and George E. He removed with his family to Monroe county in 1834, and settled on a farm in Irondequoit. He was twice elected supervisor of Ironde- quoit. and served as member of assembly from Monroe county in 1846. John Mc- Gonegal died in 1858, and his wife in 1863. His oldest son, William R. McGonegal, married Sarah Knapp of Hillsdale, Columbia county, and resided after his marriage in Brighton, Monroe county. They had no children, and he died in 1852. The sec- ond son, Henry B. McGonegal, was twice married ; his first wife was Lydia A. Love- lace of Irondequoit, by whom he had one daughter, Frances A. His wife died in 1863, and for his second wife he married Mary E., daughter of Dr. John Smyles, of 2K) LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Irondequoit, by whom he had six children, of whom three are living; Henry S., Grace E., and George A Henry B. McGonegal was three times elected supervisor of the sixteenth ward of the city of Rochester. (This ward was composed of terri- tory formerly belonging to Irondequoit.) He died July 0, 188H and his wife died December 12, 1894. Smith, Charles, was born in Ireland, of English parents, in 1850, and at the age of fourteen years came to London, Canada, and then to Kingston, where he learned the stove moulder's trade. Later he moved to Rochester, and for the past twenty- two years has been connected with the Co-operative Foundry Company. He has been general foreman of the Lincoln Park branch for the past eight yr.ars. Brayer, Frank N., was born in Rochester, where he learned the moulding and plating trades. He worked for John M. French until the starting of the Co-operative Foundry Company, when he became identified with that company, and for the last fifteen years has been general foreman of the foundry on Hill street. In 1887 he purchased a residence in Gates, where he now resides. Storms, W. S,, for nearly sixty years a leading merchant tailor at Fairport, was born in Palatine, N. Y., in 1812. His father, Gilbert, was by trade a shoemaker, was also a botanic doctor of some note. When twenty-three years of age Mr. Storms came to Fairport, and is to day without doubt the pionoer business man living here, and owing to a fine constitution and simple life carries his four-.score years lightly. In 1880 he married Mary Shults of Palermo, sister of his business partner, and of their si.\ children four survive: Mrs. Helen Burlingame, of Rochester; Mrs. Amelia Williams, Mrs. Charlotte Wheeler of Fairport, and W. Emerson Storms, o*" Rochester. Shaw, L. M., one of the prominent business men of Fairport, was born here June 1, 1837. His father, the late Edward Shaw, was also a prominent figure here, and for many years a leading undertaker, which business was continued by his son, who has conducted it since. In 1885 Edward Shaw married Melissa, daughter of Gardner Hall, who survives him. Mr. Hall died at his home in New Berlin, Chenango county, before her birth, and she came here with her mother and five brothers. Salem Mallett, the maternal grandfather of Mrs. Shaw, was one of the founders of Fairport, and the first to be interred in the cemetery, his burial being attended with high Masonic honors. Owing to her long residence here, and to her benevolent character and intimate conversance with the past history of local affairs, Mrs. Shaw is often alluded to as one of the "mothers of Fairport." L. M. Shaw married, in IS67 Josephine E. Pearse of Columbus, Pa. Besides his business as funeral director, he is proprietor of the Shaw Opera House, and conducts also a farm, in the products of which he takes no little pride. Sperry, Burton E., was born in Batavia and came to Parma with his parents at the age of seven, and in 1877 moved to Pen field, where he operated a flouring mill until 1884, when he came to Webster and has since conducted a mill, being now engaged in putting in the latest improved roller system. He has served as poormaster for two years, and in 1890 represented his town on the Board of Supervisors. He has two sons, Howard E. and Herbert. Sudbury, Mark, was born in England, and came to America and settled at Avon. FAMILY SKETCHES. 217 At the outbreak of the war he enlisted in Co. B, 104th N. Y. Vols., enlisted again later, so that he was in active service until the close of the Rebellion in 1865. In 1877 he married Martha, daughter of Amos, and granddaughter of Amos Knapp, sr. , who settled in Webster in 1809, and there died. Our subject removed to West Web- ster in 1878, where his death occurred May 15, 1884. He left one son, Robert A. Sudbury. Shirts, William A., was born in Wheatland, February 8, 1817, a son of William of Newark, N. J., born in 1784, who came to Cayuga county, and to Wheatland in 1811. He erected a tannery in Celcord about 1813, which business he conducted till 1842, then engaged in farming. He married Clarissa Morley, and their children were Angeline, Caroline, William A., and Adelaide. The grandfather was Daniel, of New Jersey, a soldier in the Revolution. Our subject began for himself as a farmer, which business he followed successfully. In 1881 he retired and moved to Mumford. where he has since resided. In 184(5 he married Sybil Hayden, born in Cayuga county, and of their seven children five died when young, the others being Clarissa Calhoun, of Chicago, and Henry E., traveling for the Buffalo Scale Company. Mrs. Shirts died in December, 1893. Sweeting, John M., was born in Rotterdam, Holland, August 8, 1843, a son of Henry Sweeting, who came with his family to the United States in 1851, living for a time at Albany, and later moving to Rochester, where he built the second house on St. Joseph street. He kept a grocery there for a time, removed to a farm on the Ridge, where he lived many years, and finally returned to Rochester. Of his five sons, only John M. remained in Parma. In August, 1862, the latter enlisted in Co. F, 108th N. Y. York Vols., was promoted sergeant, and detailed orderly at the quarters of Captain Porter. In 1865 Mr. Sweeting was mustered out with his regi- ment, and afterwards spent two years in the Pennsylvania oil regions. Still later he returned to Parma, and for two years worked a farm on shares. In 1868 he came to his present farm, and in the same 3'ear married Ellen, daughter of John Eady, ofc Greece. Of their nine children, eight survive. About 1884 Mr. Sweeting became associated with George Widle in conducting a fruit distillery on the Sweeting farm, in Parma. After two years Mr. Widle died, since which Mr. Sweeting has con- ducted the business alone. It is entirely successful, and in his special manufacture of apple brandy Mr. Sweeting is the largest revenue tax payer of this county. He is aLso an extensive manufacturer of cider and vinegar. He is a member of Martin- dale Post, G. A. R. Smith, Dr. John B., who for more than forty years was an active and successful physician of Ogden, and whose residence in the town began in 1832, was born in Washington county, a son of Calvin Smith, attorney. In 1832 Dr. Smith drove a horse and cutter from Albany to Ogden, took up his abode near the Center, and at once began practice. His medical education had been acquired in Cambridge, Washington county, and also in New York city. Dr. Smith ranked well as a physi- cian, and commanded the confidence and respect of his wide circle of patients and friends. He was a successful physician, though he would never collect half of his earnings, and part of his fortune was swept away by lending his nane and credit for the accommodation of others. He married, first, Elizabeth Gilbert, and had five 218 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. children; Joseph G., Charles C., Edward P., George W., and Piatt G. His second wife was Jane A. Alexander, and their children were: Hugh A., Guy F., Philip, Jennie E., and Alexander C. Charles C. Smith was born in Ogden January 28, 1838, and has always been a farmer in the town. He worked on the home farm until the age of twenty-seven, when he began for himself. He married in 18G0 Sarah K., daughter of Henry S. Flagg, and they have three children: Flagg G., Catharine M., and Charlotte M. Mr. Smith has filled some of the principal town offices. Slayton, William C, who for nearly half a century was one of the successful physicians of this county, and identified with the best interests of Spencerport for many j-ears, was a native of New Hampshire, whei'e his young life was passed. He came to Brockport when a young man, and taught school, later reading medicine with Dr. Carpenter, and in 184G was graduated at the Castleton Medical College. He Viegan practice at North Parma, and soon afterward came to vSpencerport. His practice during the succeeding years was successful and extensive, his ride was long and hard, but his iron constitution enabled him to pursue it without detriment to his health. He earned a fortune, but never attempted to collect half his dues. His death occurred in 1891. He had been president of the village, was a member of the vState Medical Society and the first master of Etolian Lodge, F. & A. M. His wife was Diana Brown, by whom he had five children: Oscar, of Buffalo; Frances, wife of C. B. McKibbon. of Chicago; Mary, wife of Dr. P. G. Udell; Fred H., who died aged twenty-two, at West Point; and Louis E., of Spencerport. The latter was born October 21, 1862, and read medicine under the direction of his father and Dr. Udell, his brother-in-law. He later took a three years' course at the University of Burling- ton (Vt.), graduating in June, 1884, and during 1883 he had hospital practice in Rochester. In 1884 he began practice in Spencerport with his father, which was only severed by the death of the latter, since which Louis E. has continued alone with great success, his specialty being surgery ca.ses. In 1886 Dr. Slayton married Emma E. Hawkins, of Spencerport, and they have two children. Sigler, James, was born in New Jersey, March 16, 1804, and came to Ontario county in 1820, from there to Parma in 1823, and two years later came to Clarkson, where he has since engaged in farming. He married Betsey Taylor, and they have had four children: George N., William H., Guy, and Polly, wife of Mr. Knapj). Mr. Sigler is a practical and successful farmer, of sterling integrity, and holding various positions of trust in the town. Shafer, Jonas, was a native of Montgomery county, and came to Clarkson in 1824 with his father, Frederick, who was one of the best known landlords in the western part of the county. Jonas Shafer married, first, Mary Jennings, and second, Clara Hoyt, daughter of Isaac E. Hoyt. Their children are Charles E., Manley A., Frederick H., Mrs. Helen M. La Due, and Mrs. Emma A. Gay. Mr. Shafer was a practical and successful farmer, and held various positions of trust in the town. He was justice of the peace eight years, and his aid and influence were ever given to advance the best interests of the town. He died in 1892, in his seventy-sixth year. Steel, John W., was born in Lima, Livingston county, Deceml)er 1, 1S48, .son of Thcron Steel, of East Bloomfield, who came to this county in 1872, settling in Clark- son. He married Mary, daughter of Nathaniel Clark, and has had four children: Family sketches. 2id William H., John W., Daniel B., and Mrs. Lucy B. Cotter. John W. wa.'^ educated at the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, and in 1871 married Mary E , daughter of James K. Vosburgh. Mr. Steel takes an active interest in all town affairs. Smith, Orrin C, was born in the town of Parma, March :], 1841. a son of Peter, of New Jersey, who came to this county in 1825, and settled in Parma. He married Maria Van Orden, and died in 1844. Orrin C. was educated in the common schools, and in 1861 married Adelaide Fossmire, and they had three children; Albert E., Ethel I., and Edith M. Our subject is a prominent man in his town, and ta1urchased all tlie lands in Rochester for the elevated tracks. Barber, Charles Russell, M. D., son of Russell Barber, a prominent nierchaut, was born in Middlebury, Wyoming county, X. Y., December 30, 18,")3, and received his 228 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. rudimentary education in the public schools of his native town. He spent two years in the medical department of the University of New York city and was graduated from the Buffalo Medical College in 1882. After graduating he came to Rochester, wliere he has since followed his profession. In 1883 he was appointed consulting physician for the poor, which position he held three years; in November, 1884, he received the appointment of coroner's phj^sician, which position he still holds. He is an ardent Republican and active iu the councils of his party. He organized the first Maccabee lodge in Rochester and is its medical examiner, a position he also fills for several insurance companies. He is a member of the Monroe County Medical and Rochester Pathological Societies, being president of the latter, and is also a mem- ber of the Central New York Medical Societj-, of Genesee Falls Lodge F. 6>: A. M., and of Orient Lodge I. (). O. F. Dann. Archibald, M. U., was born in Mendon, Monroe county, P'ebruary 3, 1845, and is a son of Selleck Dann, a native of that town, who died in Lima, N. Y., in 1"^89, aged sixty-three years. Nathaniel Dann, father of Selleck, came to Mendon from Nova Scotia at a very early day, and died there of cholera. Both were farmers. Dr. Dann, after passing through the district schools, was graduated from Middlebury Academy in 1859. He subsequently took chemistry under Prof. Lattimore of Gene- see College at Lima, and then read medicine for three j'ears in the office of Dr. Sol- omon Barrett,- of Le Roy, Genesee county. In March; 1866, he received the degree of M. D. from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania and in June of the same year began the practice of his profession at Honeoye Falls, N. Y., where he remained six and one-half years. He then removed to Rochester, where he has since resided, and where he has successfully followed his chosen calling. Dr. Dann is an ex-president, an e.\-vice-president and a member of the Central New York Med- ical Association, and a permanent member of the New York State Medical Society. February 3, 1869, he married Miss Lydia J., daughter of William Rogers, of Honeoye Falls. Keith, Linus, was born in Canada, November 30, 1832. When a young man he learned the machinist's trade, and after working for some time in the Michigan Cen- tral Railroad shops he tjcgan running a locomotive on that road, and remained there fourteen years. In 1866 he moved to Penfield and was an engineer on the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad for twenty-four years. Since then he has de- voted his attention to farming. In December, 1861, he married Mrs. Mary R. St. John, daughter of Thomas Stevensou, of Penfield, and their children are Carrie J., of Syracuse; Walter Castle, an arti.st in Syracuse; Ida R. (Mrs. C. M. Rich), of Pen- tield; and Charles, who was an engineer at the time of his death in 1892. Mrs. Keith also has one daughter, Zitella K. (wife of Dr F. II. Butler, of Syracuse), by her lirst marriage. Sibley, Wallace, M.D., was born in the town of Cuba, Allegany county, N.Y. , June 15, 1846. Educated in the common schools, he was graduated from the medical de- partment of the University of Buffalo in 1875, and has filled various positions of responsibility and trust, such as postmaster and town clerk in the town of Ischua, Cattaraugus county. He was president of the School Board of Portville, N.Y., was elected president of the Cattaraugus County Medical Society, is now president of the FAMILY SKETCHES. 229 Monroe County Medical Society, and is the present health officer of the city of Roch- ester. His parents came from New England and settled in the western part of New York State at a comparatively early day. Howard. Eugene H., M.D., superintendent of the Rochester State Hospital, was born in Erie county in 1850, and secured his early education in the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary and College at Lima, N.Y., and the Buffalo Medical College, from which he was graduated in the class of 1873. He began practicing in Rochester the same year, and has made a special study of mental diseases from date of graduation. He has been'sur>eriutendent of the institution for the care of the insane in this district since 188.1. He is an active member of the Rochester Pathological Society, the Monroe County Medical Society, and the New York State Medical Society. The Rochester State Hospital is one of the ten institutions in New York State for the care of the insane which are supplied with a uniform allowance by the State Commission in Lunacy, and are conducted as hospitals for the curative treatment of persons of unsound mind. It was incorporated July 1, 1891, in accordance with the provisions of Chapter 335 of the Laws of 1891, which is entitled an Act for the conversion of Monroe County Insane Asylum into a State Ho.spital. Bissell, Dr. Elmer Jetferson, born in Vernon, X. Y., is a son of the Rev. S. J. Bissell, D.D., a graduate of Wesleyan University and a prominent minister of the Methodist denomination. After graduating from the Rochester Free Academy, Dr. Bissell entered Michigan University and pursued a course in general medicine, with special attention to eye and ear work, and was graduated from there in 1883. He remai'^ed one year as assistant professor of the eye and ear department, and then located in Rochester. He has perfected himself in his specialty by further study in the hospitals of this country and the old world. Dr. Bissell was one of the oculists chosen to present papers before the World's Medical Congress held at Chicago at the time of the World's Fair. He has alwaj^s been a regular contributor to the maga- zines of his own land, and some of the articles have been copied in foreign journals. He was one of the first to present papers an the relations between nose troubles and eye diseases, and is now one of the assistant editors of the Hom(X,>opathic Eye and Ear Journal of New York. Dr. Bissell has also taken a prominent part in the medi- cal societies; has been vice president of the State, and president of the Western New York and Monroe Count)'- Medical Societies; is a member of the American Institute of Homoeopathy, and also of the Rochester Academy of Science, and is oculist and aurist to the Rochester Homoeopathic Hospital and Rochester Free Dispensary. He has been very ingenious in inventing several new appliances for testing the vision, and has prepared a special batterj' for treating diseases of the eye and ear by elec- tricity. His vibrometer for the treatment of the deaf has had I'emarkable success in many cases, and a description of its novel mechanism has been freely given to ph^'sicians from Nova Scotia to Texas, for he does not believe in patenting a de- vice which relieves the sufferings of mankind. Dr. Bissell has been urged to accept a chair of his specialtj- in the college of another State, but he could not be per- suaded to give up his home and practice in our beautiful city. Remington, Harvey F. — Prominent among the younger members of the Monroe countv bar and well and favorablv known in Western New York is Harvev F. Rem- 230 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. ington. His ancestors emigrated from Yorkshire, England, in 1837, settling in New- bury, Mass., and the descendants of John Remington, the first settler, are very numerous; one of the number, Jonathan, was for many j^ears a justice of the Su- preme Court of the State of Massachvtsetts. < )thers have held positions upon the bench and filled honorable places at the bar, in the pulpit, the press, the medical profession, in commercial pursuits, and in fact in all worthy avocations. Frederic Remington, the artist, a son of a former editor of the Albany E.xpress, is a cousin of the subject of this sketch. Mr. Remington was boru in Henrietta, Monroe county, June 28, 18(53, and is the son of the late William T. Remington, who was born in a log house in Henrietta that his father, Alvah Remington, erected when he emi- grated from Yermont in 1817. Harvey F. Remington was educated in the common schools, at the Genesee State Normal School, and at the Law Department of Union L^niversity, graduating in 1887. He was at once admitted to the bar and opened an office in the Elwood building in Rochester with the late Hon. Alfred Elj-, which office he still occupies. Having from boyhood had a taste for politics, Mr. Remington has frequently been a delegate to State and other party conventions, and often a pre- siding officer, and he has enjoyed the friendship and confidence of prominent offi- cials irrespective of party for years. In 1891, during a warm local contest in the Sixteenth ward, then containing nearly one-fourth of the population of Rochester, he was induced to make a canvass for the nomination for supervisor, and after the most exciting caucus ever held in Rochester, lasting an entire da^^ at which over 1,500 votes were cast, he was nominated and later elected supervisor. He served one year, and was elected a member of the Board of Education, resigning this position to ac- cept the appointment of second assistant city attorney under Hon. C. D. Kiehel. He filled this position for two years, and upon the election of Hon. A. J. Rodenbeck as corporation counsel, he was made first assistant, succeeding Mr. Rodenbeck in that position. Mr. Remington is largely interested in suburban property, and is actively engaged in church and mission work. He is a member of the First Baptist church and a trustee of the West Brighton Chapel Society. He is also affiliated with the Masonic and other fraternal societies. He married Agnes, daughter of Tliomas Brodie, of Caledonia, N.Y., in 1889, and four children are the result of this union. He resides on Reservoir avenue, in a residence which overlooks the city from the Highland Park range of hills, and it is evident that here in a happy home he (inds the keenest enjoyment in life, for his is a home in its broadest sense. Terrill, Harmon, was born in Rutland county, Yt., in 1838, son of Thaddeus and Lydia (Loomis) Terrill. Thaddeus Terrill was born in 1803 and died in 1874. Har- mon Terrill came to Ogden in 1860, where he engaged in farming until 1882, when he removed to Gates, where he now resides. He married Althera A., daughter of Albert Goodridge, who came from Vermont to Ogden in 1830, where he died in 1882, aged seventy-.six. Harmon Terrill has two daughters, Ellen O. and Anna E., having lost one, Lydia A., who died in 1875, aged nine year.s. Cole, Josiah H., was born in the town of Mendon, Monroe county, N.Y., Novem- ber 20, 1832, came with his parents to the town of Irondequoit when he was thirteen years old, and was educated in the district schools, in the old High School and Peck's Commercial School of Rochester. He is a farmer and market gardener. November 11. 1856, he married Mary Eaton, and they have four children ; Mason, Harriet L. . FAMILY SKETCHES. 231 Aunette L., and Charles W. Mason married Lillie C. Hardison, of this town, and they have seven children: Harriet H., Clarice, Edward G., John H., June, Ruby and Sarah C. Harriet L; married Charles Griffin, of Bradford, Pa., and they have two children : Frank and xMary C. Annette L. married Frank Winchell, of Rose, Wayne county, N.Y.. and they have one son, Robert. Charles W. married May Rogers, of Fenville, Mich. Mr. Cole's father. Mason, was born in Otsego county. N.Y., Sep- tember 14, 1803, and came with his parents to Mendon in 1811. In 1831 he married Harriet M. Hand, formerly of Montauk Point, Long Island, and they had six chil- dren: Josiah H., Sarah C, Richard D., Jay M., John H., and Harriet L. Mr. Cole died January 27, 1887, and his wife in March, 1861. Mrs. Cole's father, Joel Eaton, was born in Arlington, Vt., February 3, 1800, and came to Rochester with his parents in 1812, w^as educated in the district schools in the town of Brighton, and was a farmer by occupation. He married twice, first to Permelia Colwell, and they had three children. Rhoda, Eunice and Alfred. For his second wife he married Sarah Sibley, of the town of Rush, and they were the parents of eleven children : Mary, Rice, Webster, Daniel, Orsamus, Julius and Julia L. (twins), Olive, and three who died in infancy. He died May 28, 1884, and his wife August 10, 1884. The ancestry of the famih^ is English and Dutch. Patten, E. S., was born in Gates in 1834, .son of Alexhnder Patten, who came from Washington county to Gates among the early settlers, and died in Chili in 1860. Mr. Patten settled on the farm, where he now lives, when he was married, and is one of the leading men of the town, being one of the assessors. In 1863 he began running a milk route to Rochester, which his son still continues. He has one son, Edward A., and one daughter, Kittie L. Smith. Simpson, Benjamin F., was born in Rochester, N. Y., April 15, 1828, was educated in the public .schools, a carpenter by occupation, and eventually a contractor with his father. He came to the old homestead on the Boulevard in 1877. Decembers, 184S, he married Margaret Barry, of his native city, and thej'^ have four children: Jane P., * William H., Mary A., James, who died February 12, 1858, and B. Frank. Mr. Simpson's father, William, was born in Countj' Austin, Ireland, in 1798, and came to the United States in 1816, locating in Rochester, N. Y. He was one of the first blacksmiths there, and carried on a general business, also carriage making, on Front street. Titus, Frank C, was born on the homestead, near Titus avenue, in the town of Irondequoit, August 10, 1859. He was educated in the pviblic schools, and is one of the foremost market gardeners of the town. He owns nine acres of garden on the Ridge Road, and is in partnership with his brother, under the firm name of Stephen B. Titus & Bro. March 28, 1883, he married Moneka Serth r-f this town, by whom he has two children : George W. and Cora N. Mrs. Titus's father, George Serth, was born in Hessendarmstadt, Germany, and came to the United States when a young man. He married Mary Sneck, of Rochester, formerly of his native place, by whom he had eight children: Barbara, John, Catherine. Moneka, William, George, Louis, and Tracy. Mr. Serth died about 1875, but his wife still survives. This family are of English and German extraction. Vanauken, George W., was born in the town of Phelps, Ontario county, X. Y , 232 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. September 20, 1831, was educated in the district and select schools of the town, and has always followed the occupation of farming. He has married twice, first on May 1, 1843, to Margaret Vannetten, of Lyons, N. Y., and three children were born to them: Horatio, Mary F., and Laura, all married. Mrs. Vanauken died May 30, 1848. For his second wife he married Adeline Humphrey, of his native town, and they have six children: Imogene, Charles L., Flora, Grace, Henry, and Adaline. Imogene married James Tompkins, and they have two children : Henry L. and Jen- nie E. Charles L. married Minnie Pardee, and they have nine children: Ellery, George, Grace, Nellie, Lura, Minnie, Carl, Milton, and Maude. Flora married Ches- ter Bagley, and they were the parents of one son, Herschel. Mrs. Bagley died at the age of thirty-four years. Grace married Clarence Cri tendon, and they have three children: Alice, Earl, and Ross. Henry married Minnie Williams of Michigan, and two children were born to them: Charles M., and Hazel B. Mr. Vanauken's father, Daniel, was born at the old home in Phelps, in 1800, was educated in the schools of that early day, and was a farmer by occupation. He married Laura Barker, of his native town, and they had two sons: George W. and Hulbert. Mr. Vanauken died February 6, 1875. Mrs. Laura Vanauken died in 1829. John Humphrey was born in the town of Phelps, in 1800, was educated in the district schools, and a farmer. He married Elizabeth Howell, who was born in the town of Junius, Seneca county, and they had six children: -Elizabeth, Charles, William, Adeline, Sophia, and Charlotte. He died in November 24, 1860, and his wife in May 21, 1859. Mr. Vanauken's grandfather, was a drummer boy in the Revolutionary war. The family of G. W. Vanauken came here to reside April 16, 1887. The ancestry of the family is Dutch, English, and Scotch. Roe, Thomas, was born in Portsmouth, England, in 1813, and came to America in 1834, and lived for two years in Rochester. In 1836 he came to Gates and bought the farm where he now lives, and engaged in farming. In 1834 he married Lvdia Moore, also born in Portsmouth, who died in 18(55, leaving three sous: Henry, Edwin and George M., also two daughters. In 1881 he married for his present wife. Mrs. Henry Murch, of (iates. Mr. Roe has always taken an active interest in the affairs of the town, and for the last thirty years has been one of the assessors ; was also trustee and school clerk for twenty years. In 1845 the First Presbyterian church of Gates was built, and his interest in it has been constant and untiring, .serving it as trustee, treasurer, and secretary, and has been one of its elders about twenty years. Crane, John H., was born at Port Byron, Cayuga county, February 16, 1823, was educated in the common schools after his arrival in the town of Gates with his par- ents in 1827, and also in the Collegiate Institute at Rochester, and is one of the town's intelligent farmens. In 1845 he married Jane W. Speer of this town, who was born in Michigan, and they had two children: Abram E., who married first Mary Handee and had one son, Sherman ; his wife died in 1877 and he married second Eva Jcwett, and they have these childi-en, Mary J., Herbert J., Edgar A., and Wil- lis W. The second son of our subject is Daniel W., who married Jennie Wilkinson, and they have one son, Harry W. Nathaniel Crane, father of our subject, was born in Goshen, Orange county, in 1798, came to this county, and married Sophia Hopper, born in New Jersey in 1798. Their nine children were William, Sarah J., John H , Polly, Augustus, Susan, Nathaniel, De Forrest, and Gertrude. He died in 1874 and FAMILY SKETCHES. 233 his wife in 1863. Mr. Crane's great-grandfather, Daniel Knapji. was a soldier in the Revolution. Mrs. Crane's father, Abraham Speer, was born in Speertown, N. J., in 1787, married Sarah Moore in 1805, and came to this county in 1812, removing to Michigan three years later. Their nine children were Catherine, Madison, Charles. Ferrin, John, Maria, Eliza, the wife of David Todd, Jane W. and Sarah A. Mr. Speer died in 1857 and his wife m 1867. He was a soldier in the war of 1812. He was one of Michigan's pioneers, he drew the first seine for white fish in Detroit River that white man ever drew ; he picked up the bones of the soldiers that were slaughtered at the River Raisin by the British and Indians and buried in a trench ; his team was a yoke of oxen ; he returned tf) the town of Greece in 1826. Barnum, William R., is a grandson of Richard Barnum, and an early settler of Danbury, Conn., and a son of George B. Barnum, who came from that place to Brighton, Monroe county, in 1850, and died in Rochester about 1870. He was born in Brighton, May 14, 1858, and received his education in the public schools of Roch- ester and the Rochester Free Academy. At an early age he became a clerk for Lane & Paine, druggists, with whom he remained until 1887, when he was admitted to partnership in the present Paine Drug Company, their successors. In 1887 Mr. Barnum married a daughter of the late Gen. William E. Lathrop, of Rochester. Miller, Ardean R., was born in Gates, in 1855, son of Ran.som, and grandson of Eli Miller, who came from Connecticut in 1812 and settled in Brighton. In 1880 Mr. Miller married Miss Sarah Love, and they have three children: Ardean, jr., Ora M., and Iva M. Mr. Miller settled on the farm where he now lives in 1890. and is one of the best farmers of the town. In 1891 he was elected highway commissioner, which office he now holds. Foster, Ozias, was born in Hammond, St. Lawrence county, March 6, 1819, and his parents came to Rochester when he was a child. His father died when Ozias was five years old, leaving a wife and five small children to shift for themselve.s. He was taken by strangers, and received but a limited education, which he has supplemented however, by reading and observation. May 18, IM'-), he married a daughter of Samuel Davison of this town, and they have had ten children: Charles, who enlisted in the 140th N. Y. Vols., and died of typhoid fever, at Alexandria, Va. , and two others who are also deceased ; Frank F., a minister of Pittsburgh, Pa.; Samuel D., a farmer of Michigan ; Glentsworth, of Greenfield, Ma.ss. ; Nellie, wife of Alden Budd, of Rochester; Emma, wife of William Elliott, of Rochester; Josephine, who resides at home; Eugene, also a farmer on the home place; Frank, who married Lil- lie Arnold. Glentsworth married first, Mary Turk, of this town, and second Lillian Crowell. Samuel D. married Jennie Easton. Mr. and Mrs. Foster have resided on their homestead forty-nine years, and their marriage dates back fifty-two years, when he erected a small house in the forest, his capital being but fifty dollars, and a good honest reputation. Schwartz, Peter M., was born in the town of Lancaster, Erie county, X. Y., March 25, 1868, and his education was obtained in the common schools. He has been a trusted emyloyee with the New York Central & Hudson River Railway Company since 1883, first at Churchville, as telegraph operator, then at Batavia, Genesee county, next at Honeoye Falls, and from there to Charlotte, wlicre he has filled the dd 234 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. office of ticket agent and telegraph operator for the past five years. November 27, 1H94, he married Lizzie O'Conner, of Charlotte. Mr. Schwartz's father, Louis, was born in Alsace-Loraine, Germany, July 5. 1828, and came to the United States with his parents in 1883. They located on a farm near Lancaster. Louis was educated in the schools of that time, and is a farmer by occupation. He married Theresa Bachman, formerly of his native country, and they have five children: Mary, now Mrs. Dr. Hoffmeyer of Buffalo; Louis J., a passenger conductor on the N. Y. C. cV H. R. Railway; Theresa M., resides at home; Peter M., as above, and Jc^hn, a farmer at home. Both father and mother reside on the old homestead. Peter E. is a Democrat, and represents the town of Greece in the county committee. He has -served as clerk of the village board until last year, and was re-appointed to the same position in 1895. Haight, Jacobs., was born in Chili, in 1854, son of John Haight. who was a farmer of that town. Mr. Haight followed the occupation of farmer till 1880, at which time he began clerking for Mr. Benjamin in the coal busiue.ss at Lincoln Park. In 1888 he purchased the coal interest of Mr. Benjamin, where he has since engaged in the business. In politics Mr. Haight was alwaj-s a Democrat. In 1888 he was elected justice of the peace of the town of Gates; in 1889, 1890, 1891 and 1892, he represented the town of Gates in the Board of Supervisors of Monroe county; in 1898, he was nominated for .sheriff, but was defeated. In 1881 Mr. Haight married a daughter of Francis A. Muller, of the town of Ogden, and took up his residence in the town of Gates, where he has since resided. Woodworth, Clark, was born in Gates, in 1820, son of Spencer Woodworth, who came from Connecticut to Gates in 1819, and died in 1855, leaving five sons. Clark remained on the homestead until 1865, when he bought the farm where he now lives. Mr. Woodworth married Julia Annis, daughter of William R. Booth, and they have one son, William A. Croft, James, was born in Kent, England, March 21, 1841, and came to the United States with his mother when si.\ years of age. The family landed at Port Hope, Canada, when he was two years old, where his father was drowned the night of his .arrival. Mrs. Croft married a second time, and died when James was thirteen years old, and he came from Rochester (where they had lived f<;r about seven years) to (Greece and lived with a Mr. Yick. James is now a marine engineer. September 8, 18(i4, he enlisted in Co B, 188th N. Y. Vols., and participated in nine general engage- ments. This regiment was in the grand review at the close of the war in Washing- ten. He was honorably discharged at the close of the war. April 25, 1866, he mar- ried Mary J. Morse, of Charlotte. Mr. Croft's father, William, was born in England in 1804. He married Serena Palmer, by whom he had eight children: Serena, Sarah. Mary, William, Eliza, Harriet, James, and David, who was born in Canada. Mrs. Croft's father, Charles Morse, was born in New Hampshire in 1807, and married Hannah Cone, who was born in Vermont, Their families came to Rochester in 1826, where the young people were married. They had three children: Charles H., Wat- son C, and Mary J. Mrs. Morse then married a second time, Mr. Howard, and had one daughter, Alice A. Howard, who died aged nineteen years. Mrs. Howard died June 19, 1Seach Railway Comi)ain\ Mr. Faruan's father, John, was born in the citv of FAMILY SKETCHES. 237 Dublin, Ireland, in 1811, and came to America with his parents when but five years old. They first located in Cayuga county, N. Y., and in 1828 moved to the town of Greece. Mr. Farnan was a farmer for many years. In 1856 he sold his farm and came to Charlotte and became a ship builder, and has built some very large ones, as well as smaller crafts. He had a steam saw mill where he prepared his own lumber for ship building. He married Mary Carroll, of Greece. She was born in County Cavan, Ireland, and came with her parents to Plattsburg. N. Y.. when she was three years old. They had nine children, six sons and three daughters. Mr. Farnan died in December, 1892. His wife was killed by an electric car, July 20, 1889. Mr. and Mrs James Farnan are members of the Holy Cross Catholic church of Charlotte. Tone, Joseph C, was born in Rochester, N. Y., and educated in the public schools and Saterlee's Institute. He was clerk in Powers's Bank for seven years, and after- wards was in partnership with Stittheimer, Tone & Co.,- as bankers, which firm con- tinued ten j-ears. He then became interested in real estate and railroads, and in 1872 began to develop Summerville and Windsor Beach, and he also built the railway from Rochester to the lake, now known as the Rome, Watertown & Ogdensburg Railroad. In 1874 he purchased the Manning Ferry, which connected Summerville with Charlotte and he caused the lower ferry to be erected, and which is now run- ning in first-class order. In 1892 he began the erection of the Boulevard, from the city line to Summerville, and of the Electric Railway, and of the above ferry. Mr. Tone originated the idea of the construction of the above named enterprises, and unfolded his plans to the Rochester and Irondequoit Bay Railway Company, which was favorably received by the Company, and which have been thoroughly developed by them since to the convenience of the traveling public, and also being a profitable enterprise. Mr. Tone saj's regarding the inception and development of Summerville: "The original notion of making a summer village on the shore of Lake Ontario first presented itself to me in the year 1870, before anything of the kind was talked of. Two years later the summer village plot, now called Summerville and Windsor Beach was purchased by me, and property prepared for such purposes, since which tim# it has steadily increased in numbers and value, and is to-day a thriving and valuable community, and bids fair to outstrip its larger and better equipped neighbor, Char- lotte, if it cannot already be said to have reached that point." He ownr a farm of two hundred acres, which he is constantly improving, and which was the birth-place of Ex-Governor Haighte, of California. Stace, ^Irs. Stephen. — The late Alamander Wilder was born in Wilmington, Vt., December 14, 1805. His parents moved to Churchville, Monroe county, in ISll, where he was educated m the common schools. He was engaged in farming until he came to Charlotte in 1854. He went to Parma at the age of sixteen years. June fi, 1839, he married Jerusha Goodell, by whom he had nine children: Josephine W., who married Stephen Stace, a fruit grower, of Greece; William R., who married Caroline Lockwood, of Greece, and has one child, Ida F. ; Mary E., who died at the age of forty ; Henry C, a soldier of the late war, starved to death in Salisbury prison ; Eugenia, who married Isaac Wick wire, of Akron, Erie county; Sarah E., who mar- ried Alexander Ferguson; Emogine, who married John M. Allen; Nancy L. , who married Frederick G. Miller, of Waterport, Orleans county, and had five children. Hattie J., Cora, George, Ward W., and Beulah. and died October 25, 1888; and Fan- 238 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. nie S., who married Harry M. Pierson, of Philadelphia, Pa., and has three children: Harry W., Eugene S. , and Morley H. Mr. Wilder was one of the town's foremost citizens for years. He served as president of the village of Charlotte. He died April 14, 1875, and Mrs. Wilder died March 12, 1862. Loomis, George W., was born in Wilmington, Del., in 1851, son of Rev. George Loomis, D. D., late of Clifton Springs, N. Y., a well-known educator, who was prin- cipal of Lima Seminary, president of Allegheny College, Meadville, Pa., and at his death at the head of Foster School for Young Ladies, Clifton Springs, N. Y. Mr. Loomis was for .some years interested in banking, but is now not in active business. In 1887 he married Celeste M., only daughter of Judge Gardiner, and lives at the old Gardiner homestead on Gardiner avenue. Neuhart, Michael, was born in Alsace, France, September 6, 1820, where he was edu- cated in their .schools. In 1844 he married Elizabeth Fraushaar, of his native countr3\ He came to the United States in 1845, and she followed a year later. They were the parents of seven children: Michael, who died at sea coming over with his mother; Emil, who was well educated, and was town clerk of Irondequoit for three years, and died while on a visit to Switzerland, aged thirty-four years; and the others are dead with the exception of Emma, who married George Burger. Mr. and Mrs. Burger have six children: Flora, Hattie, Libbie, Charles, George, jr., and John. Mrs. Neuhart died September 7, 1891. Mr. Neuhart was a machinist by trade, which he followed for ten j'ears, and then kept a grocery and saloon until 1878, when he came to the town of Irondequoit and purchased the Forrest House, conducting it with success for seven years. In 1885 he sold it to Daniel Forman, and in 1879 purchased the farm opposite the hotel, on which he erected two houses and opened a gravel pit, which is a continual source of revenue. Conterman, Adam M., was born in Mendon, Montgomery county, N. V., January 10, 1819. He was educated in the schools of his day, and moved with his parents to Oswego count}' when he was sixteen years of age, and is a farmer bj- occupation, and has been a resident of Western New York since 1879. He was twice married, first on January 21, 1841, to Nancy Ho\ t, of West Monroe, b\' whom he had four children: George H., Betsey, James S. (who was a soldier in the late war, and died April 12, 1865, in hospital at Point of Rocks, Ya.), and Nancy. Mrs. Conterman died May 28, 1858. January 14, 1860, he married Betsey A. Smith, of Chenango county, N. Y. They had two children : Ferma and John S. Mrs. Conterman died F^ebruary 10, 1895. John S. is a farmer living at home. He married EllaGarlock, of Greece. The imcestry of the family is Dutch and Ciermau. Williams, Charles A., of Fairport, succeeded November 1, 1894, to the hardware business of H. H. Brydges, on North Main street. Besides general hardware and stoves, Mr. Williams has a department devoted to steamfitting and plumbing, roofing and repair work. He was born in Syracuse, August 28, 1847, where liis father, Russell C, was a cooper, and where Charles lived prior to 1871. In 1880 Mr. Will- iams married Delia Sherman, of Fairport, and their children are Winfield, Edward and Bella. Casburn, George, was born in Cambridge, England, Februarj' 12, 1845, and came U) the United States with his parents at the age of nine. They located in Penfield. FAMILY SKETCHES. 239 He was educated in Watertown. Jefferson county, and is a fruit grocer, having an interest in four fruit evaporating establishments in the West, and is also proprietor of one in Kendall. Orleans county. He has been in partnership with George Burling, of Greece, in small fruit and evaporating business for about fifteen years, and now owns a fruit farm of sixty acres near West Greece. In 1880 he married Mary Xor- drum, of the town of Greece, formerly of Norway, and their children are Ellen E., Martha M., Alfred G. and Grace Ambrose. The father of our subject was born at the old home in 1824, married Mary Dyson, of his native place, by whom he had ■eight children: George, Ann, Alfred, Rebecca, Sarah, Robert, Martha, and one who died in infancy. The family came to this country as above noted, and now reside in Illinois, with the exception of George, who has resided in Greece since 1874. Mrs. Casburu's father, Egbert Nordrum, was born in Norway in 1839 and married Mary Lusta, of his native place. Their two children were Mary, as above, and Ellen- They came to the United States in 1855 and located in this town. The father died in 1889 and his wife in 1862. The ancestry of the family is English and Norwegian. L(xsey, William, was a former resident of Seneca county, from whence he went to the war of 1812. He was a shoemaker and farmer, and pursued both avocations after coming to Parma in 1822. His children were James, Lydia, Jane, Wilsherand Luther. William Losey died at Albion, Mich., about 1861. James was born in 1818 and is remembered as the cabinetmaker and undertaker of Parma for many years. He married Laura Meserve, by whom he had one son, George H., of Parma. He went to California in '850 and suffered hardships on the vovage, the vessel being short of provisions. Jamesdiedin Parma. April 30, 1889, and his wife Januarv 12, 18G3. George H. Losey was born January 10, 1843, and although a miller by trade, his chief occupation has been farming and market gardening. He also worked as clerk in a store several years. March lo, 1865, Mr. Losey enlisted in Co. L, 50th N. Y. En- gineers, and although in service only until June 13th, he witnessed a number of severe engagements. He returned to Parma, and in 1867 married Belle S., daughter of Henry Pullis, of Greece. They have one son, James Le Vere. Living for a time in Greece, Mr. Losej' was elected justice of the peace and overseer of the poor, and was postmaster under Cleveland's administration. Howell, Harvey H., has been a resident of Fairport since the age of sixteen, with the exception of nine years from 1859 to 1868 During this time he pursued the ad- venturous career of a quartz miner of California. He was born at Newark, Wayne county, in 1837, of an old New Jersey family, but of German ancestry, and is the only surviving son of Jacob W. Howell, who in 1853 came to Perinton and engaged in farming, and who reached the age of eighty-two years, his death occurring in 1882. After returning from California in ;8()8 Mr. Howell was for several years en- gaged in farming, and for a time conducted a market on West avenue. Mr. Howell was for two years police officer of the village and several years deputy sheriff under Charles S. Camell and for twenty years been treasurer of Fairport Lodge No. 476, F. & A. M. At present he is a member of the Board of Education and is also a member of the Board of Water Commissioners. December 20, 1872. he mar- ried Carrie M. White. They have one daughter, Mabel, born September 17, 1882. Their only son died in infancy. Mr. Howell had two brothers and three ■sisters; one brother died at the age of thirteen years, and John H., a well 240 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. known and highly esteemed resident of the town of Perinton, who in early days went to California and subsequently made four more trips to that country, going and returning by water each of the five trips. He was well known throughout California, being quite a noted quartz miner. He fell from an apple tree at his farm in 1891. injuring the base of his brain, from which he never regained consciousness. The three sisters are all living. Bacon, John B., was born in New York city, March 21, 1842, where his father, John P., at that time operated a ship chandlery business. The latter afterwards re- moved to Middletown, Conn., turning his attention to financiering, and is at present vice-president of the Middletown Savings Bank. Our subject was educated at Middletown High School and graduated from Daniel H. Chase's Preparatory School, and at an early age became salesman for a dry goods house in Worcester, Mass., when, after six months, an accident obliged him to return to Middletown. where he entered the post-otfice as clerk. For two j'ears he was employed as bookkeeper by a mercantile house at Middlt town, and at the age of nineteen embarked for Liverpool in a merchant ship, visiting many European ports. Just prior to the outbreak of the war Mr. Bacon was deputy postmaster at Columbus, Wis., where he enlisted in Co. M, 4th Wis. Cavalry, and served nearly two years. He was at one time shot by an am- bushed enemy, and confined in a hospital at Vicksburg. Mr. Bacon has traveled largely, and is a true cosmopolite. A resident of Pittsford since 1884, he takes a leading place in all local affairs both in business and society. He has served on the village and health boards as trustee, and is a prominent figure in the Masonic lodge and the Episcopal church. During a residence of si.x years in Manistee. Mich., where he was engaged in the lumber business, he was elected supervisor twice. He is treasurer of the local lodge of Knights of Sobriety. Fidelitv and Integrity, is a verj- active member of the G.A.R., and was commander of E. J. Tyler Post No. 288 for two years. Smith, Orril, was born in Enfield, Mass., and when a young man went to Sodus and engaged in tinsmithing. His wife was Caroline Prosser, who died in 1859. and in 1861 he married Laura, daughter of Orrin Parsons, who was a pioneer of Wayne county, and one of the progressive men of the town, energetic, and always ready to forward any enterprise for the good of his townspeople. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have two daughters: Mrs. Kittie Marsh, and Miss Emma Smith. Our subject has lived a useful and unostentatious life, and his hand has ever been extended to the needy and worthy. Ernst, Hon. Charles B., police justice of the city of Rochester, is a son of the late Col. Louis Ernst and was born here August 16, 1854. Receiving a liberal education in the schools of Rochester and graduating from Mount St. Mary's College of Mary- land in 1878, he was graduated from the Albany Law School in 1880, and entered the office of Judge Angle. After his admission to the bar he formed a partnershij) with Frank J. Hone, under the style of Hone & Ernst, which continued until 18 — . He has always taken an active interest in politics. For two terms he represented the old F"ourth ward on the Board of Supervisors, and in 1888 was appointed city attor- ney by the Common Council and reappointed in 1890. In March, 1893, he was elected by a large majority to the office of police justice, which he still holds In all FAMILY SKETCHES. 241 these positions Judge Ernst has won the commendation and esteem of all classes and parties. He is zealous member of the C.M.B.A. and I.O.R.M., and one of the best known and most popular young attorneys of Rochester. Hill, William, was born in the town of Irondequoit. N.Y., May 20, 1859. He re- ceived a common school education, after which he engaged in market gardening, which business he has always followed, having twenty-five acres of land in a thor. ough state of cultivation. He has a wife and two children, Elvie Frances and Will- iam Avery. Mr. Hill is a member of Garden Tent. K.O.T.M. His father, William Hill, sr.. was born in Lincolnshire, England, in 1826, came to the United States in 1852, and located in Irondequoit. He married Mary Kingsley, of Rochester, N. Y., by whom he had eight children, five of whom are still living: William as above, John, Martha, Mary and Sarah. Mr. Hill died April 16, 1889. Mrs. Hill, Lydia A.,' was the daughter of John and Frances Peacock. Mr. Peacock was born in Cam- bridgeshire, England, in 1814. He married Sarah Haredine, who died in 1841, leaving three children, Charles, William and James. Later he married Frances King, and in 1851 he, with his family, came to the United States and resided in Mon- roe county until the time of his death, which occurred in the town of Greece, Septem- ber 18, 18T7. His wife and eleven children, three above mentioned, also Kobert, vStephen, Daniel, Peter, George, Martha, Lydia as above, and John survive him. Rudman, William T., was born in the town of Irondequoit, N. Y., October 18, 1854. He was educated in the public schools, after whiih he engaged in market gardening, which business he has always followed with great success. He has been assessor of the town for the past three years,, and was re-elected in the spring of 1895. March 18, 1877, he married Hattie L. Stanton of this town, by whom he has four children: Eva A., Willie C, Roy S. and Hattie L. David Rudman, father of William T., was born in Malmsbury, Eugland, March 20, 1818. He married Eliza Porter of his native place, and had ten children, four of whom were bora in England: Elizabeth, Alfred, George H., Lottie A., Fannie whodied in her eighteenth year, David C, Lillie, Will- iam T., as above, Frank E., and one who died in infancy. The family came to the United States in 1848, and located in the own of Irondequoit. He died March 1, 1887, and his wife in 1881. Mrs. Rudman's father, Charles H. Stanton, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, May 17, 1824. April 27, 1852, he married Amelia J. Evershed, who was born in London, England, February 8, 1830, by whom he had four children: Clara E., Hattie L., Frank C. and Jay E. Mr. Rudman is half owner of the Stan- ton farm, and is one of the successful business men of the town. Sours, William H. — His father, Frederick Sours, was born in the town of Rush, Monroe county, N. Y., and alwas resided in this county. He married Mary J. Wal- zer, formerly of the town of Irondequoit, and seven children were born to them, six of whom survive; Sarah A., now Mrs. C. S. Bradstreet, of Rochester; Frederick J., a resident of this town; William H., as above; Mary J., who married W. S. Wood- ruff, of Rochester; Albert T., who married Mary Noonan, of Troy. N. Y. ; and Ella. William H. was born in this town, July 11, 1851, and was educated in the public schools. He is a Democrat, and served seven j-ears as supervisor, being chairman of the board one year. At the age of seventeen he entered the employ of his uncle, Henry Walzer, who was proprietor of the Newport House, and remained with him 242 LANDMARKS OF. MONROE COUNTY. until his deiith in IHHO with the exception of four years. He then purchased the property from his aunt, and made many improvements on this celebrated summer resort, which is located on Irondequoit Bay. He has added to his original purchase a peninsula of ten acres, upon which the Rochester Canoe Club has erected fine buildings for its headquarters. The bay is five miles long, and about one mile wide, and steam vessels and smaller craft ply on this bay for the convenience and pleasure of his guests. The resort is a place of rare beauty, the lake, hills, and wooded dale, combined with the genial landlord make it one of the most attractive places as a summer resort. Mr. Sours's grandfather, Dennis Sours, was born in Germany, and came to Rush in 1818. The family were early settlers and have contributed to the growth and prosperity of the county. Southworth, Edwin M., was born in the town of Bergen, Genesee county, N. Y., August 8, 1828. At the death of his mother, when Edwin was seven years of age, he was bound out with his uncle and aunt in Henrietta, Monroe county, N. Y., where he was educated in the district schools, and became a farmer by occupation, and in 1850 came to the town of Iroodequoit. December 20, 18o3, he married Ellen C. Wright of this town, and they were'parents of two daughters: Clara W. and Libbie B. Clara W. married James H. Luftwieler of Rochester, N. Y. Libbie B. presides over her father's household. Mrs. Southworth died March 3, 1862, mourned by a bereaved family. Mr. Southworth's father, Isaac, was born in Cayuga county, N. Y., in 1793, and was a farmer by occupation. He married Rachel Tone of that county, and they were the parents of eight children ; Emerett, Luranda, Andrew, Clara, Edwin M., Samuel, Irving and John, who died at the age of four years. He died in 1870, and his wife in 1835. Mrs. Southworth's father, George Wright, was born in Schoharie county, in February, 1804. He married Clarissa Holmes of Cayuga county, N. Y., and three children were born to them: Thaddeus, Ellen C, and Arietta. Mr. Wright was a justice of the peace for several years. He died in 1892, and his wife in lb91. Mr. Southworth's father was a soldier in the war of 1812. The ancestry of this fam- ily is Ivnglish and Gernian. Fleming, Joseph, was born in King's county, Ireland, March 19, 1812, and came to New York in 1837. The Fleming family in the old country had for several pre- ceding generations been skillful mechanics and builders, so that on his arrival in the United States, the subject of our sketch naturally gravitated towards the great public works which were then being projected or were already under way in this country. He had charge of the cutting and laying of the first Croton dam on the New York water works. On its completion, Mr. Fleming went to Canada in 1842, where he took charge of and superintended a large ship lock, also in the erection of an aqueduct, and later on had charge of gettmg out the cut stone for the first Sus- pension bridge over the Niagara River at the great Falls, completed in 1848. Later he returned to the United States, and took several contracts on the enlargement of the Gene-see Valley and Erie canals. In 1854 he purchased a farm of 140 acres in the town of Greece, which he enlarged by the purchase of adjoining farms until his present holding is about 300 acres. This he has gradually improved by the erection of substantial buildings, grading, draining and clearing of the land, as well as the formation of a trout and ice pond, until it has become one of the most modern farms of this section of the country. About fifty years ago, on November 18, 1845, he FAMILY SKETCHES. 243 married Elizabeth Rigney. They have had six children reach maturity, Martin F. and Edward M., physicians in New York city, James, who died in 1889, Catherine, now Mrs. Feely, residing in Rochester, Margaret and Joseph, who reside with their parents on the farm. Mr. Fleming has been for years trustee of the Catholic church, the Mother of Sorrows, at Mt. Reed, and together with the late Peter Larkm had charge of its construction. Adams, Reuben A., M.D.— The Adams family of Massachusetts, most distin- guished for the statesmen it has given to the country, is ably represented in the medical profession of Rochester by Dr. R. A. Adams, who was born in Marion, Wayne county, N. Y., April 3, 1841, and passed his youth on his father's farm, but attended the common schools and the Marion Collegiate Institute. In August. 1862, he volunteered as a member of Company D, 160th Regiment New York Volunteers, and served to the close of the conflict. He served with General Banks in Louisiana and was with Sheridan in all his engagements in the Shenandoah Valley. He was wounded at Fort Bisland, La., and Cedar Creek, Va. Upon his discharge he was honored with a letter of special commendation signed by every surviving officer of his regiment. After the war he resumed his medical studies at the Homoeopathic College of Philadelphia and was graduated from the Hahnemann Medical College of Philadelphia March 4, 1868. In July, 1868, he located at Churchville, N. \., and practiced successfully until May, 1873, when he removed to Rochester and rapidly acquired a large practice and took rank among the prominent and respected physi- cians of the city. Dr. Adams was city physician in 1874. He is a member of George H. Thomas Post, No. 4, G. A. R., of Monroe Commandery Knights Templar, of Rochester Consistory, in which he has taken the 32d degree, of the Royal Arca- num, and of other societies. For ten years he was medical director of the Mutual Relief Society. He is also a member of the Monroe county. Central New York, and New York State Homoeopathic Medical Societies and the American Institute of Ho- moeopathy, and consulting physician to the Rochester Homoeopathic Hospital. Dnr- the last twenty-seven years he has taken an active interest in the progress and a i-* vancement of homoeopathy in Rochester and Western New York, and is recognized as one of the leading representatives of that school of practice in this section of the country. He has occupied his present office at No. 46 North Fitzhugh street for twenty-three consecutive years. Kleindienst, Henry, son of Jacob, was born in Rochester, N. Y., June 27, 1857, and was educated in the public schools and the Rochester Free Academy, from which he was graduated in 1870. About this time he received the appointment of weighmas- ter atthe Erie canal, and was afterward appointed inspector of customs at Charlotte. N. Y., which office he filled for three years, when he was elected coroner of Monroe county, which position he has now filled for nine years. In 1883 he was married to Cora, daughter of Frederick Meyers, of Rochester, and they have four children; Edward J., Cora J., Estella E., and Marguerite. Mr. Kleindienst is a member of the A. O. U. W., the K. O. T. M., the I. O. O. F., and the I. O. of R. M. He was als) school commissioner from 1883 to the spring of 18S7, and resigned to accept his nrc^;. ent position as county coroner. Smith, Frederick W., was born in South Granville, Washington county, X. V.. 244 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. September 13, 1856, and was graduated from the High School of Ithaca. N. Y., in 1876. In the fall of that year he entered Cornell University and was graduated in 1880, receiving the degree of B. A. and being president of his class. He then came to Rochester and engaged in newspaper work. He was connected with the Evening PZxpress in 1880, the Morning Herald in 1881-82, and the Union and Advertiser in 1882-84. He was clerk of the Supreme Court from 1885 to 1890, and was admitted to the bar in 1887. From 1891 to 1892 he was managing clerk for Bacon, Briggs, Beckley & Bissell. Since 1892 he has been engaged in general practice of the law, with an office in the German Insurance building. In the fall of 1894 he was chosen Democratic State Committeeman from the Monroe County District. Patten, E. S., was born in Gates in 1884, son of Alexander Patten, who came from Washington county to Gates among the early settlers, and died in Chili in 1860. Mr. Patten settled on the farm, where he now lives, when he was married, and is one of the leading men of the town, being one of the assessors. In 1S63 he began running a milk route to Rochester, which his son still continues. He lias one son, Edward A. and one daughter, Kittie L. Smith. Markel, John, was born in Baden, German5% March 17. 1839. He was educated in his native land and came to the United States with his parents when he was twelve years of age, and first located in Rochester, N. Y. On account of the death of his father, the same year the family moved to various towns in the county until Mr. Markel located in Irondequoit in 1862. January 24, 1864, Mr. Markel married Cath- erine T. Vogt, of this town, by whom he had five children: John V., Joseph J., Mary, Edward O., and Catherine. Mr. Markel has been a milk dealer in the city of Rochester for nineteen years and for the last five j^ears a market gardener. His father, Vincent, was born at the old home in Germany and married Althea Hintzler, of his native place. They had seven children: John, Ignatius, Benedict, Theresa, who died young, and three who died in infancy. Mrs. Markel s father, Martin Vogt, was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, March 25, 1811, and came to the United States when a young man. He married Sophia Miller of this town, formerly of Germany, by whom he had ten children: Joseph, John P., Adam, George J , Cath- erine, Catherine T., Mary A., Elizabeth, Barbara, and Frances. Mrs. Vogt died October 4, 1887. Mr. Markel and family are members of the Catholic church in Rochester. Snyder, Myron T.. was born in Rensselaer county, N. Y., October 28, 1824, and came to Rochester with his parents in 1834, where his education was obtained in the public schools. He has been an active business man through life, and was in the lumber business for many years. They resided in Springwater, Livingston county, for seven years, and on this dairy farm, near the Float Bridge, for thirty years. April 7, 1858, he married Margaret E. Smith, formerly of Syracuse, and five children were born to them, two of whom died in infancy: Myron C, Charles B., and Edith M., all of whom reside at home. Mr. Snyder's father, Lodwick G., was born in Sara- toga county, N. Y., September 14, 1784. He was married twice; first to Christina Files in 1805, and they had six children. She died in 1821. For his second wife he married, in 1822, Edith Mattison, and four children were born to them: Myron T., Eron, Clementine, and Julia. Mr. Snyder died July 19, 1873, and his wife, Novem- FAMILY SKETCHES. 245 ber 10, 1863. Mrs. Snyder's father, Nuobury Smith, was born near Syracuse, N. Y. He married Tammie HolTman of that vicinity, and they were the parents of eight children. He died in 1891, and his wife in 1887. The ancestry of the family is Ger- man on the father's side. Fritz, Martin, was born in'Baden, Germany, November 6, 1841, and came to the United States with his father when he was fourteen years old. His father had loaned money to a supposed friend, and one child and the father came on to Rochester leavmg the others in New York, expecting to secure his money and -send for ihem, but he did not succeed. The children finally came to Syracuse ; two of the boys, John and Martin, walked from Syracuse to Rochester without overcoats, and en- dured many privations and hard.ships. They were caught on a long trestle near Allen's bridge by a freight train, and with great presence of mind the boys hung on the ties below with their hands and no doubt saved their lives. The first year was full of hardships. Martin worked for twenty-five cents a day and boarded himself, and at the end of one year had saved twelve dollars, which he put out at interest at seven percent., which money was saved. He then for three years hauled ship tim- ber to the mouth of the river for Hosea Rogers. He worked by the month and fol- lowed a threshing machine until 1872. April 29, 1872. he married Louisa Smith of Steuben county, N. Y., and four children were born to them: Florence, Orlo, Albie, and De Loss. In 1874 he purchased a farm on the Ridge Road, since when he has been a milk dealer. In 1891 he erected a fine residence, which together with the improvements makes one of the best farms on the said road. He has been one of the assessors of the town for the past four years. His father, Phillip, was born at the old home in Germany in 1810. He had seven children : Lee, Lawrence. John, Martin, and Henry; the daughters died in infancy. Mr. Fritz's mother died when he was three years of age, and his father in 1872. Wood, Thomas, was born in Rutland, Yt., in 1783, and married Lucretia Miner and removed to West Bloomfield, and in 1810 removed to Greece, and was a soldier, in the war of 1812. His family had to return to West Bloomfield on account of hos- tile Indians. They had four children: Hiram, Charlotte, Francis L., and Betsey. In the winter of 1814-15 they returned to Greece, his father, Jeremiah, and Rhoda, his mother, returning with him. Francis L., the only remaining child, still lives on the old homestead. He married Fanny J. Jacox in 1836, by whom he had four chil- dren, one dying in infancy, Mary at the age of twenty-four, Lucretia at eleven, and Hiram L., who still lives on the farm. In his younger days Mr. Wood carried corn in a bag on his back to the Colby place in the village, and ground it in a hollow stump with a pestle. He has been over.seer of the poor and highway commissioner for many years. Hiram L. married Luthera Meserve of Parma, by whom he had one son, Frank S. He was clerk of the Baptist church for many years. Frank S. married Flora Consaul of Brockport, and they have two children, Hazel L. and Wal- ter H. Mrs. Francis L. died March 13, 1888, and Mrs. Hiram L. January 16, 1892, both being mourned by a large circle of friends. Enders, John C. . was born in Bavaria, Germany, in 1846, and came to America in 1863, settling in Rochester where he has since resided. In 188S he purchased an in- terest in the Miller Brewing Company, which was incorporated in 1883. This ex- 246 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. tensive concern was started many years ago by Frederick Miller, manufactures both ale and lager of the finest quality, and has a capacity of 50,000 barrels annually. Mr. Enders is a prominent member of the I. O. O. F., which he joined in 1868; he is also an active member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Knights of Pythias. The firm is a member of the Rochester Chamber of Commerce. Costich, Gilbert. — His father, Francis, was born in the town of Irondequoit, N. Y., in 1834, and educated in the schools of that early day. He learned the harnes.smak- er's trade at Brockport, where he attended night school, and afterwards sold nursery stock, and then became a nurseryman. April 10, 1862, he married Catherine Grent- zinger of his native town, and they were the parents of eleven children: Gilbert, Cyprian, Louisa, Bernard, Richard F., Rose M., who died in her fifth year, Stephen J., Edward, Clai-a Ei, Oliver U., and P. Walter, who died in infancy. Mr. Costich died September 'S, 1889. (Gilbert Costich was born at the old homestead in this town, educated in the public .schools, and has always followed the nursery business. He has 160 acres of nursery stock growing, which receives his skillful attention and supervision. He married Harriet A. Nabor of this town, and they have three living children: Ella L., George R., and Stella L. Mrs. Costich's father. Urban Nabor, was born in Baden, Germany, May 18, 1883, where he was educated. In 1852 he came to the United States, locating in Irondequoit. May 3, 1858. he married Harriet Sour, and eleven children were born to them: Urban, jr., Ella S., Mary J. and Emma M., (twins), Harriet A., Lydia, Joseph, Ignatius, Paul, Margaret, and John. The ancestry on the paternal side is French, on the maternal, German. Garnish, John, was born in Devonshire, England, August 12, 1848, a sou of a thor- ough English farmer. He was educated in their schools, and came to the United States in 1871, locating in Leroy, Genesee county, N. Y. In 1884 he became super- intendent of the Bay View stock farm in the town of Irondequoit. Among other things he conducts a milk route in Rochester, and is also engaged in general farm- ing. February 5, 1876, he married Mary J. Uespard, of New York city. They have three children: John A., George G., and Jessie M. Mr. Garnish's father, Anthony, was born at the old home in England, February 14, 1805. He married Elizabeth Smallridge, of his native place, by whom he had eight children: Eliza, Sarah, Ann, Thomas, John, Anthony, Mary, and Bessey. Mr. Garni.sh died October 8, 1874, and his wife November 7, 1879. Mrs. Garnish's father, John Despard, was born in Ire- land about 1827. He married Jane Lutteral of his native place, and came to the United States in 1856. They had three children: Mary J., John T., and Richard W. Mrs. Despard died March 3, 1876. The Garnish family is of English descent. At the Huguenot persecution in France the Despard family left and settled in Ire- land, consequently they are of French descent. Pardee, Edwin S. , was born in the old homestead, July 2, 1827. He was educated in the district schools and has always been engaged in farming. March 6, 1855, he married Laura M. Quaife, of the city of Oswego, N. Y. , by whom he has three chil- dren: Hiram W. , Charles E., and G. Herburt. Hiram W. married Mrs. Belle (Kel- logg) Howard and now resides in Charlotte; she had one daughter, Jessie. Charles E. married Flora Gates, of Rochester, N. Y., by whom he has three children: Edna M., George E., and Walter. G. Herburt still resides at home. Mr. Pardee's father, FAMILY SKETCHES. ' 247 Hiram, was born in Westchester county, N. Y., in 1797. He was educated in the schools of his day, then engaged as a ship carpenter. In 1825 he married Sarah Scofield of his native place, and they had si.x children: Edwin S., Mary J., Julia A., Hannah E., Eliza A., and George W., who died at the age of twenty years. Hiram Pardee died in 1888 and his wife in i89;3. Mrs. Pardee's father, Robert T. Quaife, was born in Kent county, England, in 1790, and married, August 14, 1816, Grace Hooker, by whom he had eleven children. Mr. Quaife came to the United States in 1833 and died m September, 1863. His wife died August 3, 1843. Mr. E. S. Pardee has been commissioner of highways and assessor of the town upwards of twenty-five years. The ancestry of the family is French and English. Emberry, Christine, was born in England in 1829 and came with her father, John Emberry, to Pittsford, in 1831, where they lived five years, then moved to Canada, where they remained ten years. They then returned, settling in Penfield, where her father rented a farm, on which he remained until 1840 or 1850, when with the aid of his three sons and three daughters he purchased the Charles Wesner farm of 175 acres, one of the best in Penfield. Although he had but $1,000 to pay down, they all took hold with a determined will and by the time the war closed they had the debt about canceled. A few years later, when a division of the farm came, Miss Christine pooled her interest with her father, and when he began to fail she took the manage- ment of affairs. Since the death of her parents in 1876 and 1881, respectively, she has had the farm worked on shares, and by her good management has steadily added to the competence left her by her father, thereby demonstrating that if a woman cannot vote, she can make a good farmer. Miss Emberry received her education be- fore coming to Penfield. In early life she united with the Penfield Baptist church, of which she, together with her father, has ever been a liberal supporter. Billings, Lewis J., was born in Ontario, Wayne county, N. Y., September 18, 1822. He was educated in the common schools of Union Hill, N. Y., and his earlier life was spent on the farm with his father, William Billings. In 1844 he married Mahala Hicks, by whom he had two children: William, who died in infancy, and Warren, now of Webster, N. Y. He worked his father's farm for a short time after which he bought a farm of William Corning and moved to Webster. In 1857 he commenced growing nursery stock and by vigorous effort has been quite successful in that busi- ness. In 1872 he moved to Webster village where he still resides. Mrs. Billings died January 19, 1876. In July, 1879, he married for his second wife Libbie P. Northrup. They have two children, Mina and Hiram. About eight years ago Mr. Billings be- came interested in the orange culture and has since spent the winter season at De Leon, Volusia countj-, Florida, where he owns extensive orange groves. In 1852 he united with the Baptist church and has ever been a faithful officer and liberal sup- porter. Politically Mr. Billings is a Republican and has filled many offices of trust and honor, having twice represented his town in the Board of Supervisors. He was for three years connected with the Board of Managers of the Western House of Refuge of Roche.^ter. During the building of the Rome and Watertown railroad he took an active part as he was one of the commissioners. He has always taken a great interest in the cause of education, and althougli a large taxpayer his vote has always been for improvement. 248 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Niven, William I)., is the son of John S. Niven, who with his father, David Niven, came from New York city to the town of Gates in 1831, and settled on the farm where they sti^l live, and where David Niven died. His mother was a daughter of William Hamilton, of Brighton, N. Y., who also was an early settler in Monroe county, purchasing a farm where part of Mount Hope Cemetery now lies. William D. is of Scotch descent, all of his grandparents coming here from Scotland early in the present century. After graduating from the Rochester Free Academy, he taught school for two years in the district where he resides, then choosing a business career, he entered the employ of G. R. Boyd, a lumber dealer at Lincoln Park, as book- keeper, where he remained two years, and then entered the office of Sibley, Lindsay & Curr, of Rochester, where he occupies the position of head bookkeeper in their general office. Pease, Dr. Joseph, was born in Sweden, Genesee county, N. Y., in 1837, moved with his parents to the town of Yates, Orleans county, when one year old. His father was born on the east side of the Green Mountain State of Vermont. He mar- ried Laura Holcomb in the State of Connecticut and removed to the town of Mar- cellus, Onondaga county, N.Y. ; from there to the town of Sweden, Genesee county, N.Y., and again to the town of Yates, Orleans county, again to the town of Bergen, Genesee county, when Joseph was twelve years old, and died there in. 1852. Joseph lived with his oldest brother, Abel, until he was married to Mary Brown of Parma, Monroe county. He shipped in the U. vS. navy February 5, 1862, and served in the Western Gulf Blockaking Squadron as carpenter until 1864, and was discharged at Portsmouth, N. J., June 26, 1864. He began the study of medicine shortly after, and was graduated from the University of the City of New York in 1875, and settled in Hamlin, where he has since resided. He is a member of the State Medical Asso- ciation, of the Rochester Pathological Society, Monroe County Medical Societ)-. In connection with his profession has carried on a drug store. Doyle, Joseph, was born in Canada on April 17, 1836. He lived at the old family homestead until 1853 when he decided to strike out for himself. He went to Oswego, N.Y., and in course of time, by steady application, became a skillful boat builder. After learning his trade he tried fishing, and at one time owned over twelve miles of gill net. In 1858 he decided that trading was more profitable than fishing, so built himself a boat and traded in fruit and fish between United States and Canada. It was while engaged in this business that he was capsized by the carelessness of his mate and made his famous swim through a heavy surf to Yorkshire Island, where he lived for eighteen days until rescued by a passing schooner. In 1878 he was ap- pointed keeper of the Charlotte Life Saving Station. He secured the appointment of a paid crew, and his services in rescuing the crews of the E. P. Dorr and schooner Star, for which he received a gold medal from the \J. S. government, are well known on the lakes. Captain Doyle held the position of keeper for seventeen years and then resigned on account of injuries received in the service. He has now a large boat building establishment at Charlotte, and owns several paying gold mines in Colorado. Swanson, T. ()., was born in Sweden in 1855, and came to America when a boy and located in Pennsylvania, soon after going to Rochester, N. Y., and later remov- FAMILY SKETCHES. 249 ing to Hamlin, where he married Anna Rayburn, of Clarkson, in 1882. He started a grocery store at Hamlin depot and for the last two years has been engaged in buy- ing and shipping produce and fruit. He is now building a warehouse at the station, and is dealing in all kinds of produce and domestic fruits and also general merchan- dise. Manly, Howard, was born in Hamlin, August 15, 1827, moved on the farm where he now resides in 1834, and is the son of Howard Manly, who came from Lowell. Mass., with his brother, Adin, in 1824, and died here in 1850, leaving ten children, all of whom are deceased with the exception of Howard, who has always resided on the homestead. He has been constable for the past forty years, and collector two years, and deputy sheriff for fourteen years, and still holds the office of sheriff and constable. He married Syrena, daughter of Larius Phillips, and they have one son, Edgar, and two daughters, Mary and Alta. Keeler, Charles A., was born in Rockford, 111., July 7. 1846, and when quite young came to Western New York with his parents, where he received a preliminary edu- cation. He entered the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima, and took a special course preparatory to the study of law. He read law with Judge Homer A. Nelson, afterwards secretary of State, of Poughkeepsie, N.Y., and later with C. H. Holmes of Albion, N.Y., and was admitted to the bar in Buffalo, General Term, in 1867. He began the practice of his profession at Albion the same year, and in 1870 he was ap- pointed clerk of the Orleans County Surrogate's Court which position he faithfully filled for seven years, when he received the nomination for district attornej-, and was elected by a large majority. He held that office until 1881, and in 1880 was appointed by Gov. Lucius Robinson a member of the Board of Managers of the Batavia Blind Asylum but never acted as such. He removed to Rochester in 1882, and in 1893 be- came the senior member of the law firm of Keeler & Marsh, with offices in the Chamber of Commerce building. He was employed as special counsel in building the bridge across the Ohio River at Cairo, 111., and the bridge at Memphis, Tenn.. across* the Mississippi River and also the bridge at Alton, 111., and many other large public and railroad works in several States and Canada. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, being a member of Yonondio Lodge, F. & A. M., and Rochester Consistory and Damascus Temple. Walz, John, was born in Baden, Germany, April 15, 1S54. He was educated in their schools, the commercial college, and the Botanical Institute, graduating as a florist and nurseryman, so he has been a florist and nurseryman " from his youth up." April 25, 1881. he married Louise Kiihne of his native place, and they have one son, William J. The family came to the United States March 15, 1887, locating in Rochester, N. Y., where he entered the employ of W. S. Little & Co., and in a few days it was found that he had full knowledge of the business and he was made fore- man of their extensive nurseries. His son is well educated and Mr. Walz is g» . Dr. Evans, upon leaving college, practiced his profession for a time in New York city, and from there he came to Rochester, where he has since been engaged in a successful general practice, making the treatment of the eye, ear, nose, and throat a specialty. He was a member of the Board of Education in 1891-92 and city physician in 1893. He is also a member of the Monroe County and Central New York State Medical Societies; of the I. O. of R. M. and D. of P., being medicine man for both of the last named organizations. February 9, 1892, he mar- ried Miss Nellie A. Burk of Oneida, N. Y., by whom he has a daughter, Cornelia. Waring.— In 1817 Isaac Waring settled in Irondequoit with his family, having moved here from Southeast, Putnam county, N. Y. In 1827 his son, James Waring, married Miss Mary Hipp of Penfield. From this union were born six children: John, Ellas W., Isaac, Mary A., Cynthia C, and Hattie E. After his marriage he followed his trade, that of a cooper, for a number of years. About 1830 he bought the farm now situated at the corner of Culver and Waring streets, Irondequoit, on which his daugh- ter Mary still resides. His son, Elias W. , was born in 1833, and after securing his education at the stone school on the Culver road he worked with his father on the farm until he married in 1856 Miss Emily A., daughter of Archibald Carter, who set- tled in Irondequoit in 1817. From this union were born five children, all of whom died in childhood with the exception of Frank E. Elias W. , after his marriage, lived nine years in Irondequoit, and then bought the farm in Gates now owned by him, and occupied by his son. Craig, Oscar, was born in INIedina, N. Y. , November 14, 1836, and was graduated in 1856, from Union College, which conferred upon him in 1859 the degree of M. A.* In the latter year he was admitted to the bar in Buffalo; he immediately removed to Rochester, and began the practice of his profession, in which he attained a high reputation. After remaining away for several years on account of ill health, he re- turned in 1868 and continued his practice until his death, which occurred Janunry 2, 1894. He was president of the State Board of Charities and a trustee of the Monroe County vSavings Bank, and actively identified with the growth of the city. Yoshall, Charles Watson, son of John Frederick Voshall, of Syracuse, N. Y., was born in that city and educated in the public schools there. At the early age of four- teen he entered the employ of his father in the lumber business, and continued until 1872, when his father's health failed. The latter then sold his exten.sive business, but Charles W. remained as manager for his father's successor one year. In the spring of 1874 he moved to Roche.'-ter and became a partner in the large contracting firm of J. G. Wagner & Co., remaining as such until the retirement of Mr. Wagner in 1886. when Mr. Voshall became sole proprietor. Since that time he has con- structed under his own name many public and private buildings, among which are the Genesee Brewery, the Lyceum Theatre, the Whitcomb House, the Standard Brewery, the German Insurance building, and many others. He is president of the 252 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Rochester Asphalt Pavin,ij Company, vice-president of the Standard Brewing Com- pany, treasurer of the Standard Sewer Pipe Company, and prominently connected with various other enterprises. He is proprietor of Big Elm Stock Farm in the town of Greece, which he established in the fall of 1891, and upon which he has constructed large and convenient stables, a good race track, and a new creamery. For some time he was engaged chiefly in developing trotting horses, but more recently he has converted the premises into a dairy farm stocked with high grade Jersey and Dur- ham cattle. Mr. Voshall is a member of the Rochester Whist Club and takes an active interest in the prosperity of the city. May 25, 1875, he married Caroline P., daughter of J. G. Wagner, at that time his partner. Hayden, J. Alexander, son of James E. Hayden, was born in Rochester September 22, 1856, and was graduated from the high school in 1874 and from the University of Rochester in 1878. After graduating he went abroad and studied decorative art for eighteen months, and returning to Rochester entered the large furniture firm of James E. Hayden & Co., which was established by his father in 1844. In 1882 he formed the corporation known as the Hayden Furniture Company, of which he has served continuously as president. In 1887 a branch office and warerooms were established at 33d street and Broadway in New York city, and in 1892 they were moved tf) the present handsome quarters on West 34th street, where an entire building was fitted up for the purpose, and which is now one of the finest and most artistic furni- ture houses in the country. Mr. Hayden is a director in the Union Bank, a trustee of the Security Trust Company, and a member of the Genesee Valley Club. He also belongs to the Universitj' Club, the Players' Club, the Uptown Association, and the Psi Upsilon Alumni Club, all of New York city. He was married in April, 1893, to Miss Elizabeth Bruce Gwynne, daughter of William Gwynne, of Hillsboro, N. C. His father, James E. Hayden, died in Rochester in 1883; his mother survives and still resides in this city. Williamson, William A., president of the Williamson Law Book Company, was born in Rochester, N. Y., September 16, 1846, and is the oldest son of William Will- iamson, who came to Rochester in 1840 and died in 1889. He was educated in the public schools and Rochester Free Academy and began active life as a clerk for D. M. Dewey of the Arcade book store, in 1863, remaining there until 1870. He then started in business for himself in the Powers block (being among the first of Mr. Powers's tenants) as a dealer in news and stationery with W. W. Wadsworth. After two years this firm (Wadsworth & Williamson) was succeeded by.W. A. Williamson &- Co., which continued two and one-half years, by which time they had established a successful business as publishers of law books and dealers in law books and station- ery. In 1874 they were succeeded by Williamson & Higbie, which partnership con- tinued for fifteen years. In 1885 their store in Powers block (entrance to the eleva- tor) became too small for their increasing business, and they leased the entire five story building, Nos. 9 and 11 E.xchange street, formerly occupied b\' Ailing tSj Cory. On May 1, 1889, Horace A. Higbie having sold his interest to Mr. Willianis(;ii, the latter organized and incorporated the Williamson Law Book Company with a capital of $38,000. The officers since then have been W. A. Williamson, president; David F. Williamson, vice-president; Robert S. Williamson, treasurer; Joseph Williamson, manager stationery department (all of the above being younger brothers who had FAMILY SKETCHES. 253 been with the concern for many years, and by their united efforts had aided very materially m building up the concern), and Robert M. Swinburne, secretary In 1889 a branch was established at No. 50 West Eagle street. Buffalo, N. Y. under the management of D. F. Williamson, which is still continued. In 1894 they removed to then- present mammoth store, No. 41 State street, Ellwanger & Barry building Their business consists in the publication of law books and law blanks, mercantile stationery and office specialties. Over eighty per cent, of their business is done outside of the city of Rochester by means of traveling representatives and catalogues and their name is familiar to lawyers all over the United States and Canada, and from Its inception the company has achieved unqualified success. The members of the concern are also partners in the firm of R. M. Swinburne & Co., printers, of Rochester, N. Y. Barr, WilHam, senior member of the firm of Barr & Creelman, i)lumbers was born in Rochester, August 25, 1851, and is a .son of William Barr, sr., now of California, who came here from Scotland in 1849. After attending the public schools of hi.s city he began in 1867 to learn the plumbers trade with Sherlock & Sloan, with whom he remained nine years. F^ollowing this he was for four years foreman for Herman Mutschler, whom he bought out in partnership with John A. Creelman. The firm of Barr & Creelman is one of the leading plumbing and steam and gas fit- ting concerns in Rochester and employs about fifty hands. They have executed some of the most important work in the city and surrounding country and not infrequently extend their operations into distant territory. They placed the heating apparatus in eighteen of the government buildings at Plattsburg, the State Custodial Asylum at Newark, and the East Side Savings Bank building in Rochester, and for fifteen years have performed all the work in their line for the Bartholomay Brewing Company. They also did the plumbing in the new Chamber of Commerce building, the new Reynolds Library building, and the Mechanics Institute. Mr. Barr is a member of Rochester Lodge, No. 660, F. & A. M., the Mannechor, and Active Hose Co. of the # fire department. November 27, 1877, he married Frances H.. daughter of Luton Wood, of Rochester, and they have one son, Harry T., a student in the Free Acad- emy, born November 27, 1878. Creelman. John A., son of John, is a native of Rochester and was born January 8, 1855. His father came here from Montreal and died in 1892, being a veteran of the war of the Rebellion, in which he enlisted as a member of the 13th N. V. Vols., served two years and nine months, and became a sergeant in Captain Downey's company. Young Creelman attended the public schools of the city and was graduated in 1869 from the Rochester Free Academy. Deciding upon the plumber's trade he entered the establishment of Sherlock & Sloan, where he remained ten years. In March, 1880, he formed a partnership with William Barr, jr., as Barr & Creelman, and pur- chased the plumbing and steam and gas fitting business of Herman Mutschler, which the}' have since continued with unvarying success. The firm was a charter member of the Rochester Chamber of Commerce, and ranks among the foremost concerns of the kind in Western New York. Mr. Creelman is member of Vonondio Lodge. F. & A. M., Hamilton Chapter, R. A. M., Doric Council, and Monroe Commandery K. T.. and for eighteen yearshas been a trustee of the United Pre.sbyterian church, being for a long time secretary of the board. 254 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Kohlnietz, Charles E , was born in Rochester, X. Y., July 1, I808 Henry Kohl- metz, his father, came here from Germany, in 18o2, and died January 16, 1892, aged sixty-two. He was a blacksmith by trade and in 1873 established the busi- ness now conducted by his son, who became a partner in 1883 and who, since the father's death, has been sole proprietor. Charles E. was educated in the i)ublic schools of his native city and in the Rochester Business University, and at an early age learned the blacksmith s trade. He has successfully conducted the extensive busi- ness established by his father, which consists of the manufacture of all kinds of ar- chitectural iron works, fire escapes, railing, stairs, etc., and which under the two managements has developed into large proportions. He is a member of Germania Lodge, No. 722, F. & A. M., and Aurora Lodge, No. 406, L O. O. P., and for four years was treasurer of the Lowell Dime Permanent Savings and Loan Association. He was also treasurer for three years of the Rochester and Cayuga Vineyard Com- pany. In 1883 he married Miss Jennie S. , daughter of James Burrell, of Rochester. They have six children. Bryson, Robert, was born at Newton, Mearns, near Glasgow, Scotland, April 11, 1843, and learned his trade of boiler maker in tlje celebrated ship yards on the Clyde. Coming to America in 1865 he settled in Rochester, and followed his vocation as a journeyman until 1880, when he established business for himself. In 1891 his sou John H. became a partner under the firm name of Robert Bryson ik Son. They manufacture boilers, tanks, water pipes, etc., and do general repairing. Mr. Bryson has achieved unvarying success and is one of the best known boiler manufacturers in Western New York. He was supervisor of 9th ward in 1892 and is a member of Yonondio Lodge F. & A. M. In 1867 he married Elizabeth Hart, daughter of Will- iam Hart, of Rochester, and they have three children: John H., Rachel A., and Robert W. Britenstool, Jacob A., born in Rochester, July 1."), 1849. is a son of Hirsch and Caroline (Greentree) Britenstool, who came here from Germany about 1845. His mother died in 1884. He received his education in private schools in his native city and in 1864 became a traveling salesman for Greentree & Wile, clothing manufac- turers. In 1874 he engaged in business for himself as a manufacturer of pants, to which he added in 1893 a general line of clothing. He employs about 300 hands and controls an extensive trade extending throughout the New England and Middle States and the West to California. This he has built up entirely alone. He started in a verj' small way in one room on Mill street and now occupies a new seven-story brick building, 25 by 100 feet, on North St. Paul street, which was specially con- structed for his business. He was one of the first in the United States to make a specialty of pants, and in all branches of his manufacturing enterprise he has met with unvarying success. In 1873 he married Fannie Frauenthal, daughter of Samuel Frauenthal, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa., and sister of Dr. Henry Frauenthal, a well-known physician and surgeon of New York city. They have two children, Harry and Blanche. Harry Briten.stool is a graduate of the Rochester High School, class of 1893, and is following in the footsteps of his father, being associated with him in the capacity of salesman. The daughter was graduated from Miss Cruttenden's school iu Rochester in 1895 and is now a student at Vassar College, Poughkeepsie. Graves, J. William, D.l). S., of Rochester, is a grandson of Jason Graves, a FAMILY SKETCHES. 255 farmer, who came to Penfield, Monroe county, at a very early day and died tliere. C. J. Graves, son of Jason and father of Dr. J. W., was born in that town August 2«, 1818, and was a farmer, a soldier in the old State militia, and a merchant and post- master at Penfield village, and died in 1878; his wife, Cornelia Roland, survived him until 1883. They had six children: Bessie C. (Mrs. William Newell), of Spokane, Wash.; Andrew]., of Irondequoit; Edwin T.. of Richmond, Va. ; a twin sister of the latter, deceased; Lettie J. (Mrs. A. D. McBain), of Brockport; and Dr. J. William. Dr. Graves, the youngest of this family, received his education, in the public schools of Roche.ster, and the Spencerian Business College of Washington, I). C, and was graduated from the dental department of the University of Maryland at Baltimore in 1890, where he was afterwards demonstrator of oral surgery. In February, 1892, he opened his present office in Rochester for the practice of his profession. Dr. Graves is a member of the Seventh District Dental Society, RocTiester City Dental Society, and of the Knights of Pythias. Vick, Joseph S., was born in Rochester, N. Y., where he has always resided, De- cember 15, 1855. His father, Charles J. Vick, born in Isle of Wight, and came to Rochester in 1842, and is still a re.sident. Joseph S. was educated in the public schools and engaged in the boot and shoe business, being employed by Pancost, Sage and Morse, until he became attached to the Postal service, by being appointed a car- rier by Daniel T. Hunt. After serving as a carrier for two years, he was promoted to the position of assistant superintendent of carriers. Later he was made superin- tendent of the city delivery by Postmaster V. Fleckenstein, which position he still retains. Mr. Vick is a member of Gene-see Falls Lodge, No. 507, F. & A. M., Mt. Hope Encampment .N'o. 2, I. O. O. F., of which body he is a Past Grand; Jefferson Tent, K. O. T. M. ; Owasco Tribe, I. O. R. M., of which order he is a past sachem; and the National Association of Post-office Clerks, being chairman of the executive committee of the local association. In 1878 he married Mary E. Love, of Rochester, and is the father of three children, namely: Jessie, M. Bertha and Joseph S. , jr. Brownell, Frank A., son of Myron S. Brownell, a millwright, was born in Vienna, Ontario, Canada, February 4, 1859, and attended the grammar schools of his native town. He served out a five years' apprenticeship at cabinet making and also learned the trade of pattern maker, which he followed for a time as a vocation. In 1874 the family moved to Rochester, where the father died in 1878. About 1881 Mr. Brow- nell entered the employ of the Union View Company, making photographic apparatus, with which business he has ever since been identified. Since 1883 he has manufac- tured various kinds of photographic apparatus and microscopic and other fine goods on contract, and in this business he has been very successful. Decker, Dr. Richard J., a native of Rochester, was born September 10, 18<)0, and is a son of Frederick L. Decker, who came here from Germany in 1858. After com- pleting his tducation at SS. Peter and Paul's Parochial School he studied dentistry with Dr. Homer Belding and later with Dr. Frank B. Schuyler, both of Rochester, and then attended the Albany Medical College for a time. Deciding upon dentistry as his life work he again turned his attention to that profession, and for five years was a traveling salesman in the dental and surgical line. In 1887 he oi)ened his present dental office in Rochester and since then has practiced successfully alone. 256 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. A staunch Democrat he has for several years taken an active interest in politics, and for about seven years was a member of the Board of Education from the old Eleventh and present Twentieth wards. In the fall of 1894 he was elected alderman from the latter ward. He is a member and past master workman of the A. O. U. W., and a member of Ihe C. M. B. A., the I. O. of R. M., the Rochester Athletic Asso- ciation, and other minor organizations. Williams, Henry T., born in Rochester, May 14, 1^58, was educated in the public schools and Rochester Free Academy, and was graduated from the medical depart- ment of the University of Pennsylvania in 1881. He also studied with Dr. John F. Whitbeck, and was associated with Dr. John W. Whitbeck in practice for a number of years. He is assistant visiting surgeon to the Rochester City Hospital, one of the visiting surgeons to St. Marj-'s Hospital, visiting surgeon to the Monroe County Pen- itentiary, and consulting physician to the Home for the Friendless. He is a physi- cian and surgeon of eminent skill and ability, and is a member of the New York State Medical Society, and the Central New York Medical As.sociation, and vice- president of the Monroe County Medical Society, the New York Medical Associa- tion, and of the Rochester Pathological Society. On December 22, 1891, he mar- ried Mary F. Ward of Rochester, and they have one son, Henry Ward Williams, who enjoys the distinction of being the great-grandson of Rev. Comfort Williams, first clergyman of the first church — the First Pre.sbyterian — erected in this city, in which he was installed pastor January 17, 1816. The parents of Dr. Williams were Charles H. and Susan (Miller) Williams, the former being prominent' in mercantile and political circles, and holding several important offices. They had two sons and four daughters, of whom only the sons survive The Williams family is of Welsh lineage. Adler, Levi, was born October 24, 1834 in Germany, where he received a common school education. In 1851 he came to America, and after living in Albion, N. Y., a short time, became proprietor of a retail clothing store in Mcdma, ( )rleans county, where he remained until 18(59, when he came to Rochester and opened a large whole- sale clothing manufactory with Nathan Stein, under the firm name of Stein & Adler, which was afterwards changed to vStein, Adler &. Co. In 1883 this partnership was dissolved, and Mr. Adler became partner of the firm of L. Adler, Brothers & Co., which still continues, and occupies the spacious brick block erected by Mr. Adler in 1890. The firm is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and as manufacturer, makes a specialty of men's fine clothing, having an immense trade extending lliroughout the L^nitcd States. In 1861 Mr. Adler married Miss Theresa Wile, daughter of the late Abram Wile of Rochester. They have seven children of whom Isaac Adler is a rising young lawyer and a member of the law firm of Adler tV- Adler. Seymour, H. Franklin, was born in Lebanon, N. Y., December 16, 1845, came to Monroe county in 1859, and received his education in Satterlee's Collegiate Institute at Rochester, and also in Ames's Business College in Syracuse. Leaving the farm he went into a hardware store at Oneida, N. Y., where he remained about two and a half years. In February, 1872, he returned to Rochester, and engaged as a clerk in a large wholesale hardware store, which positif)n he held for sixteen years. In 1888 he established his present business in partncrshiji with William Eccleston, under the FAMILY SKETCHES. 257 firm name of H. F. vSeymour & Co. Two years later Mr. Eccleston retired and smce then Mr. Seymour has continued the establishment alone, but has retained the old firm name. The business was originally started by J. W. McKindley about 1856, and after his death passed through various hands to C. C. Carey & Co., of which Mr. Eccleston was a member. Mr. Seymour has been very successful and enjoys a trade which extends not only throughout the city, but into the adjacent country. He wholesales and retails builders' supplies and kindred wares. Chapin, Louis S., was born in Rochester, N. Y., April 11, 184(5, and was educated in the public and private schools of that city. He first engaged as clerk for two years for Smith, Perkins & Co., wholesale grocers, and then for live years in the employ of George Gould, Son & Co., shoe manufacturers. He then formed a part- nership with James M. Leonard, under the firm name of Chapin & Leonard, and en- gaged in the manufacture of shoes for several years, finally buying his partner out and continuing alone. In 1891, having closed out the shoe manufactory, he engaged with W. A. Page, as Page & Chapin, in the stained, ornamental and leaded glass business, of which he became sole owner in October, 1894. In this he has been very successful. His work adorns many of the finer and larger buildings of Rochester, such as the Third and Brick Presbyterian churches, the Monroe Avenue M. E., Christ Episcopal and_Trinity churches and many others, the Eureka and other club houses and restaurants, the Chamber of Commerce building, and the Alpha Delta Phi and Psi Upsilon chapter houses. Mr. Chapin's father, Louis Chapin, was born in We.st Springfield, Mass., November 8, 1809, came to Rochester in 1827, and died August 1, 1894. Most of his life was spent in the milling business, in which he was very suc- cessful. He was a trustee, vice-president, and president of the Monroe County Savings Bank, and a director in the Rochester Gas Company and the Trust and Safe Deposit Company. April 3, 1859, he was ordained an elder in the Brick Presbyterian church, and held official relations with that society until his death. Miner, Arthur M., son of Chauncey and S. J. (McKnutt) Miner, was born in On- tario county, in November, 1859. Chauncey Miner, a native of that county, was a son of Amos Miner, who came there from near Albany at an early day. The family descended from two brothers named Bullman, Englishmen, who were originally coal miners in Wales. When the king made a trip to France he took a picked guard from their mines, and for that favor to the king they were knighted, giving them the name of Miner, which they and their descendants retained. They came to America and settled near New London, Conn. Amos Miner, great-grandfather of Arthur M., en- listed at the beginning of the Revolutionary war and was wounded in ofle of the first battles, but served through that conflict. He was the father of Amos, jr. , who came to Ontario county. Arthur M. Miner was educated in Palmyra, N. Y., where he began life in the nursery and fruit business, in which he remained until October, 1891. He then came to Rochester and engaged in the creamery business and continued until the fall of 1893, when he became an undertaker in partnership with Charles F. Scheuerman as Scheuerman & Miner. In February, 1895, they were appointed for three years keepers of the first public morgue established in Rochester. In October, 1884, Mr. Miner married Esther R., daughter of Lewis Randall of Rochester. Stern, Morley A., son of Abram, was born in Rochester in January, 1854. The 258 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. father came to this city from Germany in 1848 and still lives here. At the age of fourteen young Stern began active life as a clerk in the clothing business, and when sixteen he became a traveling salesman in the hat and cap trade, which was fol- lowed a year later by a similar position in the dry goods line. In December, 1875, he became a member of the firm of H. Michaels & Co., wholesale clothing manufac- turers. In 1876 the name was changed to Michaels, Stern & Co. In 1878 Henry Michaels retired from the active management, and since then the responsibility has devolved upon his oldest son, Joseph Michaels and Mr. Stern. Their trade extends over nearly every State and Territory in the Union, and practically there are be- tween 5,000 and 6,000 people dependent upon their business. They employ about two hundred hands in the store in cutting, trimming, shipping, etc., the manufac- turing being done outside. Mr. Stern is a prominent member of Yonondio Lodge, F. & A. M., and of the Rochester and Eureka Clubs. Friederich, A., & Sons, masons and contractors. This business was founded by Adam Friederich in 1870. He came from Germany with his parents, Andrew and Elizabeth, when about fifteen years of age ; he was a practical mason, and in 1870 began general contracting on a small scale. He founded the present business of A. Friederich & Sons, which firm was organized in 1884 by himself and sons, J. J. L. and William M. This partnership continued until 1892, when Adam retired from active business and since then has lived in retirement. The firm, which still bears the origmal name, is composed of J. J. L., Wm. M., Adam G., and Louis J. Friederich, brothers, all natives of Rochester, and all practical masons by trade. The firm is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. J. J. L. Friederich, born July 8, 1856, in Rochester, was an organizer and is president of the Builder.s' Exchange, of which he was the first treasurer. He is also a director in the Flour City Bank, and a member of Germania Lodge F. & A M. Among the buildings of which the firm was the con- tractor are the following : Monroe county court house, Ellwanger & Barry building, C. B. Woodworth building, American Brewing Co. buildings, Reynolds Laboratory, J. K. Hunt building. Cook Opera House, Y. M. C. A. building, Memorial Church, 1). M. Child's buildings, Eastman Kodak buildings, M. Kolb & Son building. River- side Cemeter3% IIonKjL'pathic Hospital building, Rosenberg & Co. building, Rochester Power Co. buildings. Eureka Club House, Rochester State Hospital building. Jones, Frank A., M.D., son of Dr. Ambrose and Sylvia (Ford) Jones, was born in Charlotte, October 23, 1849. Dr. Ambrose Jones came from Montgomery county to Charlotte and practiced medicine about fifty years, and died there in 1883, aged seventy-nine; his wife died in October, 1892, aged eighty-two. They had ten chil- dren, of whom three are now living: Mrs. Orra Warren, Mrs. William Richmond, and Dr. F. A. Jones. The latter was educated at the Rochester Collegiate Institute, and was graduated from the medical department of the University of Buffalo in 1869. He began the practice of his profession at Charlotte the same year, and later practiced in Grand Rapids, Mich., returning to Charlotte in 1874. Since February, 1893, he has followed his profession in Rochester.' He is a member of the Monroe County Medical, and Rochester Pathological Societies, being president of the former in 1K90. He married, in 1869, Elizabeth Welles, daughter of Randolph and Mary Welles of Junius, Seneca county, N. Y. They have two children, Grace Louise and Charles F. D. FAMILY SKETCHES. 259 Swanton, Thomas J., was born in Fairport, N. Y., November Ifi, 1864, and is a son of Robert Swanton, who settled at that place about 1850. Mr. Swanton was gradu- ated from the Rochester Free Academy in the class of 1881. He then began the study of law in the office of John R. Fanning, the city attorney, but after about one year he decided that his inclination ran in the direction of commercial lines more than anythmg else. He, therefore, entered the employ of the Commercial Bank as a clerk, succeeding Edward J. Raymond as general bookkeeper nine months later. He served in this capacity until October 1, 1890, when he was promoted to the posi- tion of teller. On January 28, 1895, by reason of long and faithful service, he was elected as the successor of Charles F. Pond, then the cashier. Mr. Swanton is the youngest man acting in the position of cashier in Western New York, and this prob- ably holds true throughout the entire State. He is the vice-president of the Mutual Underwriter Company, one of Rochester's most successful publishing houses, and is a prominent member of the Rochester Whist Club. Parker, Orin, was born June 5, 1845, in Plainfield, Ind., and is a sou of John Parker, a millwright. He was reared on a farm, where he remained until the age of nineteen, and received his education in the public schools of his native State. February 24, 1864, he enlisted in the 10th Ind. Vol. Battery as a private and served until July, 1865, participating in the Atlanta campaign, the battles of Buzzard's Roost, Resaca and Altoona and many other skirmishes and engagements of his regi- ment, being under fire for about fifty days. After the war he served in the 7th U. S. Inf. in Florida, Utah and Montana for eight years, was promoted first sergeant, and at the end of his term of service, was changed to the Signal Service and Weather Bureau of the U. S. Army. He was stationed successively at Washington, D. C, Montgomery, Ala., New Orleans, La., Boston, Mass., Buffalo, N. Y., and Greencastle, Ind. , where he pursued a course of law in the law department of Uepaw University, taking the degree of LL.B. in 1886. Thence he was transferred to Co- lumbus, O., and to Chicago, 111., in the Signal Service of the army, and was retired October 19, 1893, on the World's Fair grounds, credited with thirty-three years'* service in the U. S. Army. He then jo'ned the Weather Bureau, which had been transferred to the Agricultural Department, Julyl, 1891, at Chicago, and stationed at Columbus, O. In December, 1894, he was transferred to Rochester as observer in charge of the station here. Mr. Parker is a prominent member of the Masonic fraternity and the G. A. R., and one of the oldest officials connected with the gov- ernment Weather Bureau. McPhail, Percy R., cashier of the Merchants' Bank at Rochoster, was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, September 18, 1860, and is a son of Edward McPhail, who moved with his family to Rochester about 1869. Receiving a classical education in the University of Rochester, he became a clerk in Powers's Bank, where he re- mained until the organization of the Merchants' Bank in 1883, when he was made bookkeeper of that institution. Afterwards he was promoted teller, and since 1892 has officiated as cashier. Mr. McPhail is a member of the Rochester Chapter of the Psi Upsilon fraternity. In 1887 he married a daughter of Rev. Isaac Gibbard of Rochester. Ashley, William J., son of Rev. William Bliss Ashley, D. D., and Julia Cornwall Hall, his wife, was born in Portland, Middlesex Co. , Conn. His father was a prominent 260 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. Episcopal clergyman in the Diocese of Western New York from 1849 to 1860, after which he resided in Milwaukee, Wis. William J. Ashley was graduated from Hobart College at Geneva, N. Y., receiving the degrees of A. B. and A. M. in course. Since 1882 he has been a trustee, and is president of the Alumni Association of his alma mater, and is also a member of the Sigma Phi and Phi Beta Kappa college fraterni- ties. He was clerk in the U. S. quartermaster's department for two years; came to Rochester in July, 1866, in the employ of the First National Bank, and was a bank clerk thirteen years. From 1869 to 1884 he was secretary of the Safe Deposit Co. (now the Rochester Trust and Safe Deposit Co.). He was one of the incorporators, in Decem- ber, 1883, of the Merchants' Bank, its first cashier, a member of its board of directors since that time, and its vice-president since 1892. He was one of the organizers of the New York State Bankers' Association, chairman of the Rochester Group, and member of the council of administration for 1894-95. He has been a member of the vestry of Christ church for twenty-five years; member Diocesan Council of Western New York for about twenty years; is a trustee of the Church Home ; was one of the organizers of the Church Club, and of the Infants' Summer Hospital, of which latter organization he was treasurer and member of the board of managers for four years. He married in 1871, Katharine, daughter of Arthur T. Lee, Colonel U. S. army, and has two daughters, Margaret Lee and Mary Janet Ashley. Van Zandt, Clarence D., born in Rochester, March 21, 1853, is a son of the late John J. Van Zandt, who came here from Albany in 1844. and was the founder of the coffee and spice business in this citv, and built the present residence of President Hill of the university. Clarence D. Van Zandt was educated in the public schools, Benedict & Satterlee's, and Carpenter's Collegiate Institute. He removed to East Saginaw, Mich., and in the 1868 engaged in the drug business, but returned to Roch- ester the following year, and became connected with the old drug firm of Lane & Paine, who were succeeded by the Paine Drug Co., of which he has been a member since 1881. He was formerly a member of the old Light Guard of Rochester. In 1881 he married Mary E. White, a daughter of Dr. J. Balsey White of New York city, and has one daughter, Marie, living, Mead, Darwin W., son of Darwin M., was l)<)rn in Oswego, N. Y., January 2, 1856, and received his education in the public schools of that city. He early became a clerk in his father's drug store, and remained there until 1878, after which he was for one season in Saratoga in the same business. He went thence to Buffalo in 1879 as clerk in the Erie street freight office of the N. Y. C. & H. R. Railroad ; in 1882 he was made chief clerk in the Buffalo freight and passenger office of the Pennsylvania Railroad, and held that position until July, 1886, when he removed to Harrisburg, Pa., as Interior New York and Pennsylvania agent of the Great Southern Despatch. March 1, 1894, he came to Rochester, succeeding F. W. Parsons as agent of the Atlantic Coast Despatch and Richmond and Dansville Despatch, all rail fast freight lines, operating between the New England and Middle States and the South and South- west, having charge of the business from and to New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey and the New England States and Canada. He resides in Watkins with head- quarters in this city. Scofield, Warren D., son of Warren S. Scofield, was born in Palmyra, N. Y., April 21, 1844, and finished his education at the Union Classical School in that village. At FAMILY SKETCHES. 261 the age of fourteen he became a clerk in the grocery store there and later went to work on a farm. The next year, however, he entered upon a clerkship in a dry goods store and remained there three years. In August, 1864, he enlisted in Co. F, 111th N. Y. Vols., and served till the close of the war, being detailed as regimental clerk. Returning from the army he settled in Rochester in September, 1865, and began clerking in the dry goods store of Hubbard & Northrup and six years later entered the establishment of Burke, Fitz Simons, Hone & Co., with whom he re- mained nine years, during eight of which he was manager of the silk department. In the fall of 1879 he started business for himself under the firm name of Scofield & Strong, which continued until 1884, when they closed out. In January, 1887, he established his present store at 170 East Main street, and deals exclusively in fine dress goods and trimmings. Mr. Scofield is a member of Valley Lodge, No. 109, F. & A. M., Marshall Post G. A. R., and the Royal Arcanum, in which he has held all the lodge offices, and of which he was State deputy for two years. Almy, Elmer E., proprietor of the New Osburn House, was born in Rochester, April 28, 1852, and, although a young man, is a veteran in the hotel business. He served his apprenticeship at the Reed House, Erie, Pa., and has held various re- sponsible positions in such hotels as the Trans-Continental, Lafayette, and Continental, of Philadelphia, Pa. ; Grand Pacific, of Chicago; and St. James, of New York. He returned to Rochester in 1881, and has been the proprietor of the New Osburn House ever since. Mr. Almy is a member of the National Hotel-Keepers' Association, the New York wState Hotel Association, and the Rochester Chamber of Commerce. He is also prominent in fraternal orders, and is a member of Blue Lodge, Chapter, Com. mandery. Mystic Shrine, Consistory, B. P. O. Elks, etc. He was formerly vice- president of the Commercial Travelers' Association of the State of New York and is an honorary member of the Commercial Travelers' Home Association of Binghamton. The New Osburn House is in all respects a strictly first-class hotel. The appoint- ments are rich, beautiful, and tasteful. The hotel was built and first opened to the , public in 1881. N. Osburn, grandfather of the present proprietor, assumed con- trol in 1882. Under the latter's efficient management the popularity of the house kept steadily growing, and, m order to meet the demands of the increa.sed and in- creasing patronage, had the hotel rebuilt and refurnished in 1892-98. It is a hand- some four-story brick structure, 175 feet on South St. Paul street, and 160 feet deep, and contains 194 rooms. It is thoroughly steam heated and perfectly ventilated, lighted by gas and electricity, and is conducted on the American plan. Shedd, Kendrick P., clerk of Monroe county, was born in Trumansburg. October 22, 1837, is a son of Rev. P. Shedd, a Baptist clergyman, and was educated in the public schools at Dundee and at Warsaw Academy. His first business experience was acquired in a country store near Rochester. In ]855 he came to Rochester and obtained a position in the wholesale and retail grocery of Dewey & Monroe, where he spent several years. During the Rebellion he was in the pay department, with Major Wingard, for three years. At the close of the war he returned to Rochester, and in 1866 married Miss Emily E. :\Iudge, formerly principal of School No. 2. Six children have been the fruit of the union. Mr. Shedd then engaged in the grocery business in Rochester and continued in trade until elected county clerk in 1891, to which office he was re-elected in 1894 by the largest majority ever given in the county 262 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. for any office. He is a member of Genesee Falls Lodge, Hamilton Chapter, Monroe Commandery, the A. O. U. W., Knights of Honor, Rochester Whist Club, and Colum- bia Rifle and and Pistol Club. Upon entering upon his duties as county clerk he at once inaugurated many changes in the routine work, and although the office has been twice moved, all papers and public documents have been carefully preserved and kept where they can be obtained at short notice. He will be the first county clerk to occupy the handsome new court house. Elliott, Frank, was born October 11, 1852, in Hamlin, Monroe county, and is a son of German Elliott, a native of Hastings, Oswego county, who came to Hamlin about 1823, settling finally on the farm now owned and occupied by the subject of this sketch. He was educated in the district school and the Brockport State Normal School, and has always been a farmer, and upon the death of his father in 1871, suc- ceeded him on the homestead, where he still resides. In October, 1893, he became interested in a general store at . Morton, which he still continues, the firm being Elliott & Kenyon. He was collector for two years, and in 1893-94 was on the Board of Supervisors. He married, December 23, 1874, Ella E., daughter of A. R. Kenyon of Hamlin, and they have three sons, Allie K., Elmer, and Randall J. Randall, Amos C, was born September 19, 1847, in Kendall, Orleans county, and is a son of Gideon Randall, whose father, Amos, was a very early settler of that town. He was educated in the public schools, the Brockport Collegiate Institute, and the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima. He has always been a farmer (ex- cept four years when he resided in Brockport), and settled upon his present farm in April, 1879. Both in Kendall and in Brockport he was officially connected with the M. E. church, and in town and public affairs has always taken a keen but quiet in- terest. He was married in January, 1869, to Cordelia, daughter of the late Dr. Charles Farnham of Kendall, and they have two daughters: Florence, a graduate of the Rochester Business University, and Lucy Louise, now a student at the Brock- port State Normal School. Brownell, Frank A., son of Myron S. Browuell, a millwright, was born in Vienna, Ontario, Canada, February 4, 1859, and attended the grammar schools of his native town. In 18"6 the family moved to Rochester, where the father died in 1878. Mr. Brownell served out a five years' apprenticeship at.cabinet making, and also followed the trade of pattern making for about one year. In 1883 he entered the employ of the Union View Company, making photographic apparatus, with which business he has ever since been identified. Since 1885 he has manufp.ctured various kinds of photographic apparatus, and microscopic, and other fine goods on contract, and in this business he has been very successful. Redman, James H., was born in Hamlin, in 1839. Hiram Redman, father of James H., was born in 1815, and came from Onondaga county, N. Y., to Clarkson with his father, John Redman, where he died in 1879. James H. Redman is now serving his town in the Board of Supervisors for the eleventh term, and has also been a justice since 1871. He engaged in farming until 1883, when he bought the store at Hamlin Center, which he now runs with his son, H. Elmer, who is also town clerk. Mr. Redman is also postmaster, having been appointed in 1884, and in 1894 was a member of the Constitutional Convention. FAMILY SKETCHES. 263 Palmer, Isaac, was born July 1, 1809, on the 4th Section road in the town of Sweden Monroe county, on a farm now owned and occupied by Wm. Palmer. His father Simeon came there from Eaton, Madison county, in the winter of 1808-9, and died there in 1838. aged fifty-three years; he served in the war of 1812. Mr. Palmer in 1832 went to Brockport and read law with L. B. Holmes, and was admitted to the bar in 1836 and practiced in partnership with his preceptor until about 1855, when he became mterested m farming, which he has since followed. In 1875 he moved to Hamlin settled upon his present farm, and is known as one of the best and the wealthiest farmer of Hamlin. He was for about six years ma.ster in chancery, but excepting this has held no public office. He was for five years a partner of Henry C. Wisner of Rochester in the crockery business, and has been the controlling owner of the gas works of Brockport for the past few years. In 1839 he married Eliza Spencer and they have three children : George, Emily P. (Mrs. Jonah D. Decker), and Fred, all residents or Monroe county Storer, George W., was born June 18, 1827, in Oswego county, N. Y., and is a son of George W. Storer, an early settler there. The family came to Hamlin (then Clarkson) about 1843 to a farm adjoining the place subsequently owned by the late John H. Storer, who died there in 1895. George W. Storer, jr., was educated in the schools of Hamlin and the Eastman Business College of Rochester, and has alwavs been a farmer. He settled upon his present farm in the spring of 1866. He has al- ways been a Republican, and has served as assessor nine years and three terms as supervisor, always taking a keen and active interest in the welfare of the town. He married in 1859 Helen, daughter of William C. Henion, who settled in Hamlin in 1834 and died in Clarkson in January, 1892. They have one son, Frank B., a physi- cian of Holley, N. Y. Timmerman, Albert T. — Solomon Timmerman moved from Montgomery county to Monroe county in the year 1837 and located on a farm just north of Brockport; in 1839 he removed to what is now the town of Hamlin and bought the farm now owned » and occupied by his descendants. In the 3'ear 1828 he married Mi.ss Maria Ehle, by whom he had six children, namely: Oliver, DelilaE., Lany C, Zerlina, Albert and Helen M., all of whom are living except Oliver, Laney B., and Helen M. His wife died m 1855, and himself in 1882. Albert, the son, now owns and lives on the home- stead in the town of Hamlin. He has been twice married ; his first wife was Sarah A. Johnson, daughter of Asa L. Johnson, by whom he had one child jnamed Elmer J., aged twenty-three years; his second wife was Clara E. Ferris, daughter of Walter A. Ferris, by whom he has four children, namely: Sarah Delila, Alberta Cordelia, Edeth Elizabeth and Marion Louise. The first record we have of the family is of five brothers, Jacob, George, Laurence, Henry and Theobald; he settled in Mendon, Montgomery county, N. Y., when he came from Swi^terland in 1759. His wife was Elizabeth Hawn ; they had three sons, Thomas, John and Adin ; he married Marga- ret Mattice, and Thomas married Elizabeth Sanders, and had ten children, one of which was Solomon, the father of Albert, the subject of this sketch. Vogel, Charles, was born in Prussia, Germany, August 31, 1842, received his edu- cation in the schools of his native country, and came to America with his parents in 1853, settling in Rochester, where his father, Johannes Vogel formerly a contractor 264 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. and builder, died in 18(iO. He first entered the employ of the late Louis Sacks, sr. making band boxes, and in 1854 the family removed to Seneca Falls, N. Y., where he worked in a foundry and pump factory. The next year they moved to Waterloo, whence they soon returned to Rochester, where Charles Vogel was employed for one year by Smith & Harrington, manufacturers of and dealers in tinware. In 1857 he entered the employ of the late John Siddons, manufacturer of tinware and roofing, where he remained until 1860, when he went to California. Returning to Rochester in 1865, he became foreman for Mr. Siddons, and in 1878 was given and interest in the business. In March, 1889, the John Siddons Company was incorporated, and Mr. Vogel became its vice-president, a position he held until the death of Mr. Sid- dons in 1800, when he was elected president, which office he has since held, and to which was added that of superintendent in 1895. '1 he firm is a member of the Cham- ber of Commerce, and one of the largest and best known roofing concerns in the United States. Among the many buildings which contain its work, are the Michigan State Capitol, the Stockton, Cal., court house, the inner dome of the Illinois State House, the court-hcuses at Joliet, 111., Marion, Ind., Elyria Ohio, Smethport, Pa., and Lockport, N. Y., the U. S. Government buildings at Utica and Rochester, the City Hall at Rome, the Albright Library and High School at Scran ton, Pa., two of the Cornell University buildings, the Granite, Chamber of Commerce, Eastman, Powers, and Rochester Savings Bank buildings and new court-house at Rochester, and many others. They also erected the copper statue of Mercury on the William S. Kimball factory in Rochester, which was designed by the sculptor, Guernsey Mitchell. Mr. Vogel was a member of Valley Lodge, F. & A. M., and for twenty- five years has been a member of Germania Lodge, No. 722, F. & A. M., of which he was a charter member and formerly senior warden. He is a charter member of Germania Lodge of Perfection, Scottish Rite, and of the Builders' Exchange, has served in Co. F, 54th Regt. N. Y. S. N. G., is a life member of the Council Princes of Jerusalem, Chapter Rose Croix, and Sovereign Grand Consistory, a member of Roch- ester Turn Verein, and for twenty-five years has been a member of the Mannechor. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, and has been three times recommended for the thirty-third degree, and fur the past eight years has served as '1\ P. G. M. of Ger- mania Lodge of Perfection. Colt, Mrs. Sarah A. — Silas B. Colt, son of Samuel Dicken.son Colt, was born in Pittsfield, Mass., January 11, 1818, received an academic education, and his early manhood was spent on his father's farm as a wool grower. In 1849 he came to Rochester, and owned the Cole farm on the Boulevard six years, sold it, and bought the homestead nearer to the city in 1856. May 26, 1856, he married Sarah A. Wells of Rochester, formerly of Shelby, Orleans count}', N. Y., by whom he had three sons: Edward W., Walter S., and Silas B., all of whom conduct the farm and market gar- dening business. Mr. Colt died April 19, 1876. Mrs. Colt's father, Levi Wells, was born in St. Albans, Vt., in 1797, and was educated in the schools of that early day, after which he engaged in farming. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, after which he located in Orleans county. He married Rebecca Edgeworth of Hudson, N. Y. , a cousin of Maria Edgeworth, the poet and writer, by whom he had seven children. Mr. Wells died in 1880, aged eighty-three years, and his wife the same year, aged seventy-four years. The family has resided in Michigan since the marriage of Mrs. Colt in 1856. FAMILY SKETCHES. 265 Alden, John F., son of Sidney Alden, was born in Cohoes, N. Y , iMarcli 19 185'^ prepared for college in private schools in Albany, and was graduated from the Rens- selaer Polytechnic Institute at Troy in 1873, after which he was made assistant en- gmeer on the Central- Hudson railroad bridge at Albany. He came to Rochester on January 1, 1875, to accept a similar position with the late Thomas Leighton, one of the most extensive iron bridge contractors in the countrv and the founder of the pres- ent Rochester Bridge and Iron Works. In 1878 he became engineer in charge and in 1879 was also admitted to partnership in the Leighton Bridge and Iron Works Company, incorporated. In 1880 he formed a co-partnership with Moritz Lassig, of Chicago, under the firm name of Alden & La,ssig, and leased this establishment, which they continued for five years. During that period they also started a bridge and iron manufactory in Chicago under the style of Lassig & Alden. In 188o the business was divided, Mr. Lassig taking the Chicago end and Mr. Alden the Roch- ester works. The name of the latter establishment was changed to the Rochester Bridge and Iron Works, which it has ever since borne, and of which Mr. Alden has been the sole proprietor, as at that time (1885) he purchased the entire Leighton in- terest. The works cover an area of about eight acres and are conveniently arranged and thoroughly equipped with powerful machinery for the easy handling and the rapid construction of large iron structures for railroads, etc. Mr. Alden not only manages the entire business but attends personally to all the engineering work. During the last ten years he has designed and constructed many large railroad and highway bridges, iron work for buildings, and other structural iron work between Portland, Maine, and Portland. Oregon, and along the principal railroads in the United States and Canada. Among the iron and steel structures may be mentioned the elevated railway tracks in New York city ; the bridge over the Columbus River at Pasco, Wash. ; two large viaducts at Los Angeles, Cal. ; the upper su.spension bridge at Niagara Falls; the tower and iron roof on the western House of Parliament at Ottawa, Can., much of the iron work at St. Paul and Chicago, including some of the World's Fair iron and steel work; and miles of other railroad bridges. In the paSt twentj'-three years he has probably designed and superintended the construction of as many or more lineal feet and tons of bridge and other structural iron work as any one man in this line of business. He is a member, ex-third vice-president, and for several years a trustee of the Chamber of Commerce, member of the East Side Sewer Commission, since 1887 a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, a member of the Rensselaer Society of Civil Engineers, and a member of the Alumni of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute at Troy, N. Y. Mr. Alden traces his ancestry directy to the Hon. John Alden who came to Plymouth in the Mayflower and signed the compact in her cabin in 1620, being of the seventh generation of Aldens since the landing of the Pilgrims upon our shores. Bausch E. E., one of the leading and oldest opticians in Rochester, is a native of the kingdom of Wurtemberg, Germany, and emigrated to this country in 1854, arriv- ing in Rochester May 3. He had learned the business of optician with his brother, J. G. Bausch, in the fatherland. In 1857 he went to Philadelphia, but the same year returned to Rochester and became a clerk for his brother, J. J. Bausch, and Henry Lomb (Bausch & Lomb), where lie remained about five years. With Thomas Drans- field he then bought Bausch & Lomb out, the latter firm themselves engaging in the hli 266 LANDMARKi^ OF MONROE COUNTY. manufacture of optical goods. The firm of Bausch & Dransfield continued a success- ful business at No. 20 Arcade for twenty-two years, when Mr. Bausch purchased his partner's interest and formed a copartnership with his son, George R. Bausch, un- der the firm name of E. E. Bausch & Son, which still continues, at No. 6 East Main street, in the Elwood Memorial building. Here Mr. Bausch has carried on a large business for about twelve years, doing prescription work and general repairing, and devotes special care to the eyes, and their motto is " Take care of your eyes." Kent, J. H., son of Henry Kent, was born in Plattsburg, N.Y. ; in 1848 he moved to Brockport, Monroe county, where he began his life work as a photographer. In 1868 he came to Rochester, where he has ever since resided and followed his profession. Mr. Kent is recognized not only as the leading photographer in Rochester and West- ern New York, but enjoys a reputation which extends throughout the country. He is a master of the art, and for several ye^rs has been recognized as one of the leaders in photographic work in America, being also well known among the profession abroad. For a time he was president of the National Photographic Association, embracing the United States and Canada. At the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia in 1876 he exhibited the best and largest photographs ever made at that time, and probably larger than has ever been attempted since, receiving all the first prizes, five in number. He is the oldest and best known photographer in Rochester, where he is prominently identified with the city's material interests, and where he is one of the foremost citizens. He was one of the incorporators and is vice-president of the Eastman Kodak Company, the largest manufacturers of cameras and photographic materials in this country. Adams, Abner, was born in East Bloomfield, Ontario county, N. V., March 31, 1838, and is a .son of the late Myron Adams, whose grandfather. Capt, John Adams, was one of the pioneers of Western New York over one hundred years ago. Myron Adams, son of Abner Adams, who died in Adams Basin, Monroe county, in 1849, was born in Bloomfield in 1799 and died m Rochester in 1893. Abner Adams the subject of this sketch, spent his boyhood at school and on his father's farm in his native place. During the war of the Rebellion, he enlisted in the 24th New York Battery, U. S. Vols., and was subsequently promoted to a lieutenancy in the Second North Carolina Union Vols., serving as military secretary on the staff of Gov. Edward Stanly, military governor of the Department of North Carolina, in 1862-3. He was first identified with the commercial industries of Rochester in 1886, when he became connected with the Wood-Mosaic Co., of this city, manufacturers of fine hardwood floors. This business was started about ten years ago, under the above title, and has developed from a comparatively small beginning into one of the largest concerns of the kind in the country. Originally, only endwood mosaic flooring (the invention of the projector of the company), was manufactured. Later, however, as the demand for hardwood floors became more general, the plant was extensively enlarged, and has since been devoted to the mauuracture of parquetry, wood-carpet, mosaic, and other approved kinds of plain and ornamental hardwood flooring. For several years past Mr. Adams has been one of the principal representatives of the Wood Mosaic Co., and during his administration of the business in this city and Western New York, their goods have acquired an enviable reputation, having come to be regarded as a prime necessity. His success in this line of business is also supplemented by FAMILY SKETCHES. 2G7 that of two sons, one of whom, Robert T. Adams, is now the New England repre- sentative of this successful Rochester enterprise, with headquarters in Boston. The other, John M. Adams, is manager of the company's branch office in Baltimore. Kondolf, Mathias, son of Henry Kondolf, was born in Germany on April 19, 1835, and removed with his parents to Rochester when two years old. Educated in SS. Peter and Paul's Parochial School, he began Hfe in his father's brewery, the second German brewery in the city, at the corner of Child and Jay streets, then in the town of Gates. This was in 1846, and there he remained about six years, thoroughly learning the business. He then learned and followed the carpenter's trade about four years, after which he engaged with his father and David Upton, at the same location, in the manufacture of flour barrel staves and heading. Henry Kondolf finally sold his interest to Mr. Upton and the Arm became Michael Brayer & Co., who subsequently removed to Oak street, where adarge business was conducted for some twelve years, when Mathias Kondolf sold out. Meanwhile he had become a heavy stockholder, director, and one of the originators of the Rochester Co-operative Foundry and the German Insurance Company; with the former he was long identi- fied, and of the latter he is still a director Soon after settling the stave business he founded the Genesee Brewing Company, which was incorporated in 1878, and of which he served as president until 1888, when it passed into the hands of an English syndicate controlling this and the Bartholomay breweries, under the name of the Bartholomay Brewing Company, of which Mr. Kondolf is a director. He has also been an extensive dealer in real estate. He was the pioneer in securing pure ice from Hemlock Lake water for the city of Rochester about 1883, has ever since been identified with that business under the name of Kondolf Brothers, and has had several imitators. About 1885 he organized the Standard Sewer Bipe Company with a capital of §100,000, and has continuously been its president. He has been a director in the German American Bank since its inception, was for five years a member of the Board of Health, and was one of the originators of the.present park system in 1888. serving ever since as one of the park commissioners. In this latter connection he has been especially active, buying considerable land for Seneca Park and the con- templated boulevard for public purposes, not for private gain or speculation. He is a prominent member of the Chamber of Commerce and takes a lively interest in the general welfare of the city. He has been married twice and has thirteen children living. Myers, Robert M., is a native of Herkimer county, and was first engaged in busi- ness at Ilion, N. Y. In 1874 he removed to Rochester and purchased an interest in the paper house of N. G. Hawley & Co. In 1880 he bought his partner out and changed the name of the firm to R. M. Myers & Co. Finding the structure then occupied by the firm inadequate to its increasing business, he bought in 1887 the site of the old Clinton Hotel on E.\change street, and erected a seven-story fire-proof building, which is one of the most substantially constructed in the city. He removed to the new building in April, 1888, where he is engaged in business at the present time, dealing in paper, cardboard, etc. Mr. Myers is a director of the Rochester Trust and Safe Deposit Company, vice-president of the Commercial Bank, formerly president and now a director of the Citizen's Light and Power Company, and is in- terested in other Rochestei'and Buffalo enterprises. Possessed of a sound, practical 268 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. common sense and good judgment, his opinion is always valued, and while never taking an active part in politics, he is a most enthusiastic Republican. In 1886 he married Mary, daughter of the late Thomas Evershed. Evershed, Thomas, civil engineer, was born in Sussex, England, February 20, 1817, and came to America with his parents in his youth. He was engaged on the Erie Canal enlargement, had charge of the combined locks at Lockport, and '^super- intended the building of many of the structures on the Chemung and Crooked Lake Canals. In 1849 he went to California and built a levee around the city of Sacra- mento, and returning to Rochester was engaged on the Rochester and Niagara Falls Railroad, the Erie Canal, and the Grand Trunk Railroad in Canada. In 1878 he was appointed division engineer of the New York State Canals, and held that office until his death, February 9, 1890. He had f..e direction of the survey for the State Res- ervation at Niagara Falls, and while engaged in that work conceived the idea of utilizing the exten.sive water power there by means of a tunnel, an idea which re- sulted in the incorporation of the Niagara Falls Power Company, of which Mr. Ever- shed was made engineer. He originated and designed the present hydraulic tunnel, which was commenced October 4, 1890, and is 6,700 feet long. This is one of the greate.st achievements of modern times. It will stand forever as a monument to Mr. Evershed's wonderful foresight and remarkable engineering skill. Buck &• Sanger, proprietors of the Powers fire-proof hotel, opened that celebrated hostelry in April, 1883, immediately after its completion, and have conducted it ever since. The firm consists of George A. Buck and AVilliam H. Sanger, and was organ- ized in November, 1867, to take charge of the Revere House in Ottawa, Canada. In 1869 they went to Wacertown, N. Y., as proprietors of the Woodruff House, and ten years later came' to Rochester in charge of the Osborn House, which they continued until the opening of the Powers in 1883. Few hotels in America enjoy a wider reputation or a higher prestige among the better class of travelers and tourists than does this famous house. It is known abroad almost as well as nearer home, and ranks with the very best hotels in the country. Otis, Lyman M., was born in Henrietta, Monroe county, November 12, 1831, and is the eldest son of David G. and Maria (Morris) Otis, the other children bemg Har- rison G., of Rochester, and David G., of Battle Creek, Mich. David G. Otis, sr., came from Connecticut to Perry, N. Y., at a very early day, taught school in Monroe county, settled in Henrietta in 1829, and died there in 1837, being a general in the old State militia and school commissioner at the time of his death. He was practi- cally a lifelong farmer. His wife's father, Lyman Morris, moved to Warsaw, N. Y., in 1804, where Maria Morris was born in 1806; she died in Frbruary, 1882. Lyman M. Otis was educated in the district schools, Monroe Academy, and Genesee Wes- leyan Seminary at Lima, and taught school winters and worked on the farm sum- mers. In 1855 he engaged in the nursery bu.siness with D. W. Chase as Chase & Otis. They also bought wood, live stock, and produce, and in 1867 removed to Rochester, where they purchased the lumber business of J. H. Robinson & Son. This partner- ship continued until the death of Mr. Chase in 1888. On February 1, 1889, Charles H. Moody was admitted to the firm, which became L. M. Otis & Co. They are ex- tensive wholesale and retail dealers in all kinds of lumber, and have occupied the FAMILY SKETCHES. 269 present premises at 734 East Main street since 1891, prior to that being first located where the Erie depot now stands and later (1882) on Crouch's Island, where they purchased the business of H. H. Edgerton. Mr. Otis was a Democrat until the organization of the Republican party, when he affiliated with that great political body. He has served as town clerk of Henrietta in 1857, justice of the peace for nine years from 1858, supervisor of the Fourth ward si.x terms, chan-man of the board two terms, alderman two years, and treasurer of the Monroe County Agricultural Society, and is now chairman of the building committee of the new court-house, member of the West Side Sewer Commission, member of the Masonic fraternity about thirty-five years, and president of the Monroe Avenue Loan and Savings As- sociation. He was married in 1864 to Miss Amanda M., daughter of Ambrose Corn- well, of Henrietta. They have one daughter. Mary S. i'. Palmer, Griff D., son of Henry T. Palmer, was born in Elmira, N. Y., March 26, 1847, and finished his education at the Elmira High School. He became a clerk in the hardware business in that city, being for a time associated with the wholesale firm of Pratt & Co., and in 1886 came to Rochester, where he organized the house of Weaver, Palmer & Richmond, wholesale and retail dealers in general hardware at 31 to 35 East Main street. Their business has been very successful, extending throughout the city and over a large surrounding territory. The firm has been a member of the Chamber of Commerce since its organization. In 1871 he married a daughter of the late Erastus K._ Weaver, formerly of Penfield, Monroe county. Thev have two children, S. Elizabeth and Carl G. Grant, Justus Herbert, was born in Auburn, N. Y., June 19, 1849, was prepared for college at the Auburn Academy, and received the degree of Ph. D. from the Sheffield Scientific Department of Yale College in 1870. His practical experience in civil engineering, however, had commenced in 1866, when he was a rodman on the preliminary and locating surveys of the Southern Central Railroad, where he re- mained untill867, when hebegan his collegiate course. Inl871 he was topographer and leveler on the location of theUtica, Chenango & Cortland Railroad; in 1872 leveler and assistant engineer in charge of the Central Valley Railroad, a short narrow gauge line in Chenango county, N. Y. ; in 1872 and 1873 leveler on jjreliminary surveys on the Auburn & Homer Midland and the Canandaigua, Palmyra & Ontario Railroads; from 1873 to 1876 assistant engineer on the New York Central & Hudson River Rail- road, making preliminarj^ cross sections and estimates of earthwork of thirty miles between Syracuse and Rochester, measurements of old masonry and designs for ex- tension and estimates of same, and in charge of construction with charge of party and office on sixteen miles and of thirty-two miles track laying and ballasting that line ; and from 1876 to 1885 engineer and superintendent for George H. Thompson & Co., one of the largest railroad contractors in the State. LTpon the death of Mr. Thompson in 1884 and the retirement of Mr. Luther in 1885, Mr. Grant became a member of the firm of Ellsworth & Grant. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, a trustee of the Mechanics' Institute, and secretary of the Build- ers' Exchange since its organization. He was one of the organizers of the Exchange on January 10, 1888, and is the author of its constitution. In 1879 he married Miss Caroline L., daughter of Scott W. Updike, of Rochester. They have three children: Charles H., Richard H., and Laura Annesley. 270 LANDMARKS OF iMONROE COUNTY. Buckley, James, M. D., is a son of Charles Buckley, a native of Ireland, who came up the St. Lawrence River and Lake Ontario to Hanford's Landing and settled in that part of Rochester known as "Dublin" at a very early day. He engaged in milling, being in the employ of Charles J. Hill for many years, and died here. His wife was Julia Mulhare. Charles Buckley, deceased, wasa native of this city, was grad- uated from the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania, and successfully practiced his profession in Rochester until his death at Ale.xandria Bay, N. Y., Septem- ber 1, 1891. He was for six years health officer of the city, wasnoted for his many acts of charity, for his genial good nature, and was regarded as one of the best physicians and surgeons in Western New York. He was universally esteemed, and acquired during his brief career a reputation as imperishable as it was pure. He was a prom- inent member of the Monroe County and New York State Medical Societies and the Rochester Pathological Society. Dr. James Buckley studied medicine with his brother and was graduated from the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York City in 1883. After graduating he formed a partnership with Dr. Charles Buckley, and upon the latter's death succeeded to the entire practice, which he has successfully continued. He is a member of the Monroe County and New York State Medical Societies. In 1895 he married Miss Anna M. Stock, daughter of Nicholas Stock, of Brockport, N. Y. Warner, Etta E. — Arsino B. Warner was born in Canandaigua, Ontario counlj', N. Y., June 22, 1820, and was educated in the public schools here. In 1821 his parents moved to the town of Greece, where he has since resided and followed the occupa- tion of farming. May 27, 1854, he married Marietta Harroun, formerly of Cam- bridge, Washington county, N. Y., and they have had three children: Lillie A., Frank A., and Etta E. Lillie A. married Melzer Barrett, and had three children : Clara J., Olive L., and Mildred C. Mrs. Barrett died at the age of thirty-seven. Frank M. married Bertha E. Hart, and they had three children: Jessie E., Harry C, and a baby not named. Etta E. resides at home. Mr. Warner's father, Mertillow, was born in Connecticut in 1781, and came to Ontario county with his parents when he was fifteen years old. lie married Eleanor Cassort, formerly of the Mohawk valley, and they had eleven children, seven sons and four daughters. Mr. Warner died in 1854 and his wife died in 1864. He was a soldier in the war of 1812, and his grandfather Warner was a soldier in the Revolutionary war, and his brother, Mer- tillo, in the late war. Mrs. Warner's father, George Harroun, was born at White Creek, Washington county, N. Y., in 1800, and was a well educated man. He mar- ried twice, first to Lena Jones, of Cambridge, Washington county, and they had three children. Mrs. Harroun died in 1832. For his second wife he married Julia A. Hicks, of Bennington, Vt., and they had three children. The family came to West- ern New York in 1835. He died in 1844. Martin & Brother, A. N. — This firm are among the stirring business men of the town of Webster, where they have a large lumber yard, being dealers in lumber of all kinds and also building contractors. They employ from twenty-five to forty men in their factory and building. The father of the above gentlemen was Andrew Mar- tin, who was also engaged in the same line of business, being a first-class carpenter and builder. Gaffney, Owen, was born in Ireland, June (i, 1S24, came to America with his par- ents when but seven years of age, settled in Utica, where he gained his education. FAMILY SKETCHES. 271 He early evinced a strong aptitude for mercantile pursuits, and when only seventeen years old was the owner of the most enterprising dry goods house of that city. Pos- sessing a rare business tact, he saw early in his mercantile career the approaching necessity of seeking elsewhere a larger field. In those days Rochester and Buffalo were considered as belonging to the far west. Through the advice and encourage- ment of his friend, the late O. M. Benedict, he made choice of Rochester. In 1849 he married Louisa Burke, of Utica, a woman with rare mental qualities, whose death, December 1, 1891, caused universal sorrow. In the year of his marriage he removed to this city and laid the foundation of the dry goods establishment which is now known as the house of Burke, Fitz Simons, Hone & Co. In 1853 he took into part- nership with him, under the firm name of Gaffney, Burke & Co., his brother-in-law, the late Charles J, Burke, the late Charles Fitz Simons, and Alexander B. Hone, who had been salesmen in his store. The firm enjoyed marked prosperity. In 1857 Mr. Gaffney retired from active connection with the concern, though still retaining a silent interest in the same, and in the sixties, withdrew entirely from the business. He next identified himself with various financial undertakings, and after a long and successful life died in 1895. Greenleaf, Col. Halbert S. , was born in Guilford county, Vt., April 12, 1827, was brought up on a farm, and received a common school and academic education. In 1856 he was commissioned justice of the peace, and August 29, 1857, a captain of the Massachusetts militia. In August, 1862, he enlisted as a private in the Union Army, and on September 12 of that year was commissioned captain of Co. E, 52d Regiment Mass. Vols. On October 23, 1862, he was unanimously elected colonel of the regi- ment, and subsequently served under General Banks in the Department of the Gulf. Colonel Greenleaf came to Rochester in 1867, and on July 1 of that year formed a co- partnership with Mr. Sargent, under the name of Sargent & Greenleaf, manufactur- ers of time combination, and key locks for general and special uses. He organized and commanded the Hancock Brigade in the fall of 1880, and was elected commander of the 1st New York Veteran Brigade in February, 1882, and re-elected in January, 1883. He was elected to the 4Sth Congress as a Democrat in a Republican district, and was re-elected to the 52d Congress, serving with honor and distinction. Colonel Greenleaf also extensively engaged in farming and stock raising. He is a member of the board of trustees of the Rochester Savings Bank, of the Rochester Park Commission, of the St. Lawrence University at Canton, and of the Soldiers" and Sail- ors' Home at Bath. Burke, Fitz Simons, Hone & Co., the oldest leading dry goods firm in Rochester, was founded by the late Owen Gaffney in 1848. In 1853 Charles J. Burke, Charles Fitz Simons, and Alexander B. Hone, formerly clerks, were taken into partnership under the style of Gaffney, Burke & Co. Two years later Mr. Gaffney retired. though he continued to hold for some time afterward an interest in the business, and the style became Burke, Gaffney & Hone. In 1858 this was changed to Burke, Fitz Simons, Hone & Co., a name it has ever since retained and made famous throughout the country. At that time Patrick Mahon was admitted a partner; in 1872 Thomas J. Devine was given an interest, and upon Mr. Mahon's death in February, 1881, be- came one of the firm. The partnership thus formed expired by limitation in 1886. but it was renewed with the same members, and Daniel B. Murphy, who had had 272 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. charge of the financial department since 1881, was given an interest. Mr. Fitz Simons died in 1888, while on a visit with his family to Switzerland. January 1, 1891, a reorganization was effected under which those having a full interest in the business were Charles J. Burke, Alexander B. Howe, Thomas J. Devine, Daniel B. Murphy, and Alexander K. Hone, while Augustus L. McKittrick and Michael A. Stupp were given special interests. Mr. Burke died in May, 1892, and since then the business has been continued by the other partners. It has occupied the same site at the corner of East Main and North St. Paul streets since its inception, but the build- ings have been several times enlarged. The wholesale department was built in 1876. the middle section in 1890, and the corner structure in 1894. Their retail business is one of the largest between New York and Chicago, while the wholesale trade extends throughout this State, Pennsylvania, and Ohio, and both consist of everything in the line of dry goods. Charles J. Burke was born in Potsdam, N. Y., September 18^ 1832, and died May 17, 1892. He was graduated from Perkins Academy at Utica in 1819, came to Rochester the same year and entered the employ of his brother-in-law, Owen Gatfney, and from 1853 until his death was actively identified with the firm of which he was long the senior member. He was a director in the Traders' National Bank, an organizer and trustee of Mechanics' Saving Bank, an organizer, the first vice-president, and later president of the Merchants' Bank, a director in the Roches- ter Safe and Trust Deposit Company, and one of the original members of the Park Commission. He was vice-president of the Chamber of Commerce, presidental elec- tor on the Democratic ticket in 1884, and one of the organizers of the Rochester and Genesee Valley Clubs. Mr. Burke was always a public spirited citizen and took a constant interest in the affairs of the city whose development he had watched for so many years. Peck, Henry J. — Both Mr. and Mrs. Peck, of Brighton, are descended from families who were pioneers of the town. Henry Peck's father was Hiram Peck, and Mrs. Peck is the daughter of the late Samuel R. Hart, farmer and lumberman. In the early annals of the town of Brighton both families occupied prominent positions in business, society and church. Henry Peck was born in Brighton in 1839, and has always been identified with the nursery industry. In 1868 he married Amelia Hart. Their children are George H., Harry C, Robert C, and S. Ernest. George, the eldest son, has begun his business career by an association with A. L. Beardsley, of Fairport. Wilder, Merion R., was born in the town of Greece, May 27, ISoO, and his educa- tion was obtained in the public schools, his early life being spent on his father's farm. In 1876 he became a railroad man, and has been a conductor on the R., W. & O. Railroad eleven years. In 1895 he resigned the position of conductor after two years' service with the B., R. & P. Railway Company. On April 1, 1895, he opened a bakery and confectionery establishment on Broadway in Charlotte. He has mar- ried twice, first to Julia E. Denise, of this town, on F'ebruary 15, 1870. Tney had four children, two sons and two daughters, only two sons survive, Charles O., who is a bookkeeper with the firm of Smith & Perkins, Rochester, N. Y., and George W., who assists his father in the bakery. Mrs. Wilder died November 14, 1886. He married April 18, 1889, Sarah M., yx)ungest daughter of James H., and Sarah M. Upton, of the town of Greece. Mr. Wilder's father, Ira, was born in Vermont, FAMILY SKETCHES. 273 December 11, 1811, and came with his parents to this locality when a child. He was educated in the common schools and became a farmer. He married Mary Goodell. of the town of Parma, and eleven children were born to them, six of whom survive: Simeon, who is in California; Celia, now Mrs. George Northrup, of this town; Belden, who is a resident of Parma; Virginia, now Mrs. Malon Atwell of Missouri; Merion R. ; and Addie J., now Mrs. Edgar Denise, of Charlotte. Mr. Wilder died in 1883, and his wife in 1892. Mrs. M. R. Wilder's father, James H. Upton, was born near Albany, N. Y., in 182G. He received an academic education and came to the town of Greece with his parents when a boy. His early life was spent farming and was afterward a commission dealer in cattle in the West. He married Sarah M. Bigelow, and five sons were born to them. Mrs. James H. Upton died May 1, 1864. Mr. Wilder is a member of the Railway Conductors' Frontier Lodge, No. 167, also of the Knights of Pythias, Dirigo Lodge, 249, Oswego, New York. Wood worth, Frank J., son of the late Dwight J. Woodworth, was born in York- shire, Cattaraugus county, N. Y., in 1870. After attending the public schools of his native town and the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary at Lima he began the study of dentistry in the office of Dr. R. H. Hofheinz, of Rochester, and in 1892 was graduated' from the New York Dental College. Since then he has successfully practiced his profes- sion in Rochester. Dr. Woodworth is an active member of the Seventh District Dental Society, a delegate to the New York State Dental Society, secretary and treasurer of the Rochester Dental Society, and a member of the Columbia Rifle and Pistol Club of this city. Fillmore, Mrs. Sarah A. — Mrs. Fillmore's father, the late Christian Butts, was born in Northampton county, Pa., in 1790. He married Mrs. Elizabeth Arnold of his native State, and they were the parents of six children: Simon ; Sarah A., who mar- ried Hezekiah hillmore, and had one son, Addison B., who was educated in the public schools, was graduated from Rochester Free Academy, and is now a fruit grower; Betsey, who married John Tennison, of Parma; Mary, now deceased, who* became the wife of Timothy Wicks, of Tompkins county. N. Y. ; Susan, now de- ceased, who married Peter McKenen, who was at one time a teacher in the Rochester Free Academy for twelve years ; and Daniel, who resides near Long Pond Bridge. In 1817 or 1818 Mr. and Mrs. Butts first located at the Rapids, near Rochester, N. Y., and shortly afterward in the town of Greece. He died February 19, 1888. and Mrs. Butts in 1875. This old family have been identified with the best interests of this town and county the past seventy-eight years. Christian Butts was a veteran in the war of 1812, and participated in the battle of Chippeway and Lundy's Lane. At this time he passed through Rochester and was struck with its future advantages, and thus came to settle at Rochester. He was a man of great sociability and kind- heartedness, especially toward the poor. He died at the age of about ninety-eight years. Leonard, Charles N., is a son of Ichabod and Laura H. (Northrup) Leonard, and grandson of Ichabod, sr. Mr. Leonard's father came to Brighton in 181(5, and to Penfield in 1823, his death occurring in 1867. He left two sous, Charles N. and George R. Mr. Leonard married Sarah P. De Shon, and settled in 1S7(> on the farm where he now lives. He takes an active part in the affairs of his town and has four times been elected supervisor, 187!)-'si), '88 and '89. 274 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY Leonard, George R., was born in Penfield, in 1841, and is the son of Ichabod and Laura (Northrop) Leonard and grandson of Ichabol Leonard, sr., who came from Massa- chusetts to Brighton in 1816, and to Penfield in 1823, and settled where Mr. Leonard now lives. Mr. Leonard's father died in 1867, leaving two sons, Charles N. and George R., and one daughter. He married in ISIO, Mary, daughter of William R. Thomas, and granddaughter of Alpheus Clark, who was one of the first settlers of Penfield. Weber, Frank. — The late Florian Weber, was born in Bavaria, Germany, May 4, 1822, was educated in their schools, and was a farmer by occupation. At the age of twenty-five he came to this country, and located at Brighton, this county, and five years later returned to Germany, where he made a prolonged visit. Returning again to America he located at the above mentioned place. In September, 1854, he married Cecilia Fetser, formerly of his native place, and their children were: Frank. Peter, Joseph F. , Mary A. and Catherine. Peter married Mary McKiver of Ogden, and they have two children: Frances and Cecilia. Mary A. married Blasius Leicht- ner of Rochester. Catherine married John Leibeck of Greece, and they have two children, John A. and Walter J. The family have resided on this homestead in the •south part of the town twenty-eight years. Mr. Weber died in 1886. Frank and Joseph F. are farmers on the homestead. Davis, Benjamin F., was born in Bangor, Maine, June 21, 1829. His education was obtained in the common schools, came to this State when he was fifteen years old, first locating in Rochester, and soon afterward in the town of Greece, and be- came a farmer by occupation. In July, 1853, he married Mary A. Loper of Char lotte, and they have three children: Dora A., Emma J., and Charles A. Dora A. 'married William Loper, and they have one son, Frank E. Emma J. married Thomas Hogan, and three children were born to them: Thomas A., Frank, and Mar); A. Charles A. married Medora Worden of this town, and they have three sons: Earl, Albert, and Wilber. Mr. Davis's father, Benjamin, was born in Elaine, in 1800. He married Mary A. Washburne of his native State, and they have two children : William W., and Benjamin F., as above. Mr. Davis died in 1835, and his wife in 183--''. Mrs. Davis's father Gabriel Loper. was born in Connecticut in 1793. He married Alzina Payne of that State, and they were the parents of fifteen children, two of whom died in infancy: Stephen, Halsey, Simon, Geter. Judson, Henry, James, William, John, Charles. Asmeth, Mary A., as above, and Eliza. Mr. Loper died in 1853, and his wife in 1864. Mr. Davis is a hotel keeper, and an ice dealer. The ancestry of the family is Dutch and Welch. Fuller, George R., son of Wyman M. Fuller, was born at Massena, N. Y., April 7, 1850, and when an infant moved with his parents to Norwood, N. Y., where his father was a merchant and postmaster. After attending the public schools he be- came a clerk in his father's store and at the age of eighteen began active life as a telegraph operator at De Kalb Junction, N. Y. He was then successively a ticket agent, passenger conductor, and traveling auditor from the general offices of the R., W. & O. Railroad at Watertown. In 1876 he came to Rochester and purchased his present business from the estate of Dr. Douglass Bly. Mr. Fuller is one of the most extensive manufacturers of artificial limbs in the country. At the time he succeeded Dr. Bly the business consisted of this branch alone, but to it he has since added the manufacture of trusses, supporters, crutches, etc. His trade extends not only FAMILY SKETCHES. 275 throughout the United States and Canada but into Europe, Africa, Australia, the South and Spanish Americas, and other foreign countries. Mr. Fuller also publishes the New York State Medical Reporter, a monthly journal which he started in March. 1894, and which has acquired a wide and influential circulation. He is a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Chamber of Commerce, and the Rochester Whist Ckib, was the first vice-president and is now president of the Park Avenue Loan Association, has been president since the organization and incorporation of the Boyer Diamond Vineyard Company, of Farmer, Seneca county, which has 180 acres of Diamond grapes, being probably the largest vineyard of one variety of grapes in the State. This company was incorporated in 1891 and had met with unvarying success. Conterman, Adam L., was born in Minden, Montgomery county, N. Y., January 16, 1819. He was educated in the schools of his day and moved with his parents to Oswego county when he was sixteen years of age. and is a farmer by occupation, and has been a resident of Western New York since 1879. He was twice married, first on January 21, 1841, to Nancy Hoyt, of West Monroe, by whom he had four children: George H., Betsey, James S. (who was a soldier in the late war and died April 12, 1865, in the hospital at Point of Rocks, Va.), and Nancy. Mrs Conterman died May 23, 18r)8. January 14, 1860, he married Betsey A. Smith, of Chenango county, N. Y. They had two children: Ferma and John S. Mrs. Conterman died February 10, 1895. John S. is a farmer living at home. He married Ella Garlock, of Greece. The ancestry of the family is Dutch and German. Brown, Le Grand, son of Dyer D. S. Brown, at one time proprietor of the old Rochester Democrat and later j^resident of the Democrat and Chronicle, whose bio- graphical sketch appears on another page of this work, was born in t^cottsville, Mon- roe county, Oct^ober 19, 1863, and completed his education at the University of R, 1870, Mr. Hutchison married Lizzie E., daughter of Francis Daniels, of Lyndon- ;^06 LANDMARKS OF MOMROE COUNTY. ville, and they have one son, Roy D. Mr. Hutchison is an active member of the Rochester Whist Club and Corinthian Temple No. 805, F. & A. M. Hoyt, David, was born in Rochester, and has had an experience in the banking business from his j'outh up. He first became connected with the Monroe County Savings Bank in 1865 as bookkeeper, and rose to the position of secretary and treasurer in 1883, a position he has held ever since. He was at one time a director of the Safe Deposit Company, and took an active part in obtaining a new charter. He is a trustee of the Chamber of Commerce, and has always been active in pro- motmg the commerce and development of Rochester. He is also one of the gov- ernors of the Rochester Homoeopathic Hospital, and was lor a time its secretary. Mr. Hoyt has always taken an active interest in athletic sports, has long been a member of the Bowling and other popular clubs, and is widely known and much esteemed as one of the progressive spirits among the young business men of Roch- ester. The Monroe County Savings Bank, of which he is secretary and treasurer, commenced business June 'S, 1850, in the office of the Rochester Bank, on Exchange street. The first board of trustees consisted of Levi Ward, Everard Peck, Freeman Clarke, Nehemiah Osburn, Ephraim Moore, Daniel H. Barton, George W. Parsons, William W. Ely, William N. Sage, Alvah Strong, Martin Briggs, Thomas Harvey, Lewis Selye, Moses Chapin, Ebenezer El}', Daniel E. Lewis, Amon Bron.son, Joel P. Milliner, Charles W. Dundas, George Ellwanger and Theodore B. Hamilton. Everard Peck was the first president, and Freeman Clarke the first treasurer. In 1854 the bank was moved to the building on Buffalo street known as the " City Hall Building," and in 1858 removed to the Masonic Hall block, corner of Exchange and Buffalo streets. In 18G2 the premises on State street now occupied were purchased, and a handsome, substantial building was erected. In 1867 additional ground was secured and the building greatly enlarged and improved. Edington, I. C, D.D.S., son of Abram P. Edington, was born in Parma, Monroe county, N. Y., February 11, 1864, and received his preliminary education in the schools of his native town. In the fall of 1886 he commenced the study of dentistry in the office of Dr. Charles A. Davis, in Rochester. He was afterwards, for three years, with the late Dr. G. U. Gleasou, of this city, and in the fall of 1888 entered the dental department of the Howard University of Washington, D. C, from which in- stitution he graduated with high honor in 1890, being president of his class. The same year he resumed the practice of his profession in Rochester, N. Y., where he has since resided. He is a member of the Seventh District Dental Association and president of the Rochester Dental Association, which position he has held for two terms. Grossman Brothers. — Charles W. Grossman, the senior member of this well-known seed firm, was born in Rochester, January 13, 1847, while his brother, George F. Grossman, was born July 14, 1851. Their father, Charles F., born November 3, 1802, came to Monroe county from Vermont about 1838. He had at one time the largest market gardening business in this vicinity, and in 1840 founded what is now the great seed establishment of Grossman Brothers. He also conducted a nursery, and was one of the foremost citizens of the time. Upon his death in 1865 his two sons succeeded tothe entire business, from which they .soon sold ofT the nursery and garden- ing departments. Since then they have devoted their attention wholly to the pro- Family sketches. 301 duction, handling and selling of all kinds of seeds, developing one of the most ex- tensive concerns of the kind in America, enjoying a trade to which foreign lands contribute, and having retail stores in South Clinton street, and wholesale and gen- eral office headquarters on Monroe avenue. They also have two large houses in Canada, one being in Coburg and the other at Wellington. They have under culti- vation, of their own or on contract, about (5,000 acres of land, keep fifty traveling men on the road, and employ during the busy season from 350 to 400 people, main- taining a business which extends all over the world. Keeping pace with the times and their extensive trade, they have put in all new and improved appliances, and are now making and pasting many millions of seed paper bags and envelopes by ma- chinery. The firm is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Charles W. Cross- man is a thirty-second degree Mason, being a member of Rochester Lodge and Monroe Commandery and intermediate bodies, and is also president of the Ameri- can Seedsmen's Protective Association, of which he was one of the organizers. He is a member of the American Seed Trade Association, and a life member of the New York State and Western New York Agricultural Societies February 6, 1884, he married a daughter of the late Capt. Charles W. Godard, of Brooklyn, at one time captain of the Port of New York. They have two children : Lillie Louise and Helen Josephine. George F. Grossman is also a thirty-second degree Mason, being a mem- ber of Frank K. Lawrence Lodge No. 797, F. & A. M., Hamilton Chapter, R. A. M., Doric Council, Monroe Commandery, K. T., Mystic Shrine, and Veiled Prophets, and Master of the Lodge of Perfection of the Scottish Rite bodies. He is a member of the Rochester Club, and a life member of the New York State and Western New York Agricultural Societies. In 1879 he married a daughter of Ira Todd, of ISrighton, and they have two children: Clara M. and Beatrice E. Belding, Dr. Homer, was born at Careyville, N, V., in January, 18:53, and is a son of Dr. Almond V. Belding, of Medina, Orleans county, one of the oldest practicing dentists in Western New^ York. He attended the district schools imd finished hi» education at the old Millville Academy. Leaving home at the age of thirteen he fol- lowed the occupation of a wholesale drug clerk in Chicago and New York citv for fifteen years, and then studied dentistry with his father, with whom he subsequentlv formed a partnership. He practiced alone for a time, and in 1H65 came to Rochester, where he has ever since followed his profession. While in Medina he was a member of the Western New York Dental Society and also a delegate to the American Den- tal Association. November 6, 1861, Dr. Belding married Miss Amelia F. Sherwood, daughter of Gu}^ Sherwood, one of the pioneers of Orleans county and ex-president of the Orleans County Pioneer Association. They have three children; Bertha, Dr. F. Sherwood, and Florence. " Dr. Belding has had an experience as varied and successful as any dentist in the country, and his work as a practitioner of the dental art has always received the highest approval of a discriminating jniblic." Brickner, Max, born in Welbhausen, Bavaria, Germany, May 4, 1842, was edu- cated in his native country, and at the age of .seventeen came to America and located in Alabama, where he remained until the breaking out of the civil war. July i, 1H61, he came to Rochester and entered a wholesale hat and cap store as salesman. In the fall of 1862 he engaged in the manufacture of clv manv vears he was a farmer and market gardener, and for the past six years has 304 LANDMARKS OF MONROE COUNTY. been foremen of the men who are working on the new Seneca Park. January 24, 18 Buchan, Patrick C... 12:. 216 [NDEX. 313 Buckley, Charles, Dr. , 227 John, 97 Buell, Eben N., 126 George C, Mrs., 169 Walter, 114 Bunnell, Mark J., 95 Burgess, E. B., 189 Burke, Charles J., 1,^59 E. J., 189 Burlingame, James K., 218 Burnham, Ebenezer, Dr., 223 Burns, John D., sketch of, 484 Burroughs, Daniel, 206 Burtis, Charles H., 97 Burton, H. P., 175 Burying-grounds, early, m Rochester, 138 et seq. Bush, Barzillai, Dr., 223 John P., Mrs., 107 Butler, George D., 144 William, sketch of, 463 William Mill, 115 Butts, Isaac, 113 Cale, Hume H., 117 Callister, Prank A., 100 Campbell, Charles S., 218 Henry, 109 James C, 81 Joseph B., 218 William P., 97 Canals, 83 Carnahan, George A., 217, 219; sketch of, 449 Carpenter, Davis, 80, 224 Carr, A. B., Dr., 230 Carroll, Charles, Major, 105 Howard, 9(i William, 126 Carter, Rev., Dr., 156 Robert, 114 Carthage, 72, 82, 83 Cartier, Jacques, 15 Cartter, David K., 81 Casey, James, 189 J. W., Dr., 226 Castle, Isaac, 72 Castleman, John Warren, sketch of, 483 Castleton, 72 Catholic .schools in Rochester, 136 Cavalry, Third, the, 98 Eighth, the 99 Twenty-first, the, 100 Twenty-second, the, 100 First Veteran, the, 100 Cawthra, John, 95 Cemeteries, Catholic, 139 et setj. Cemetery, Mt, Hope, 139 Central Librarv,^he, Rochester, ITS Chace, Benjamin B., sketch of. 482 Chadsey, John H., .sketch of, 479 Chaffee, D. J., Dr., 229 Chamber of Commerce, the, 184 Chamberlain, Octavius P., 218 Phiietus, sketch of, 460 Chamberlin, James R., 99 J. R.,Mrs., 172 Champlain, Samuel de, 15 Champlin, M. H., 206 Chapin. Israel, 53, 54 Moses, 121, 136, 169, 216 Theodore, 127 Chapman, Alonzo, 21S James, 99 Charlevoi.x, Pather, travels of, 26 Charlotte, 279 et see]. churches of, 2h1 defense of, in the war of 1812, 73 et seq. incorporation of, 280 schools of, 283 Charter of Rochester, changes in, 12m Charters, conflicting, 36 et seq. Chase, Benjamin E., 185, 186 William P., 217 Chateaubriand's "Voyage en Amcric|ue," extract from, 65 Chanmonot, F'ather, 17 Cheney, A. Cole, 144 Chester, Thomas, Mrs., 16s Chichester, Isaac, Dr., 223 Child, Jonathan, 126, 136, 140, 210, 211 Children's Aid Society, Rochester, 17:! Child s, TTrnbthy, 80, 119, 122, 217 Chili, churches of, 251 first settlers of, 246 population of, 249 schools of, 2,53 Seminary, 251 town officers of 24H Chipman, Lemuel, 70 Cholera, 125 Chumasero, John T., 96 John C, 216 Church. Charles. Mrs., 171 Frederick P. . sketch of, 476 Home, the, Rochester, 172 organizations, first, in Rochester, 117 ct seq. Sanford E.. 206,207, 213 William. 101 Churches of Brighton. 242 of Brockporl, 422 of Charlotte, 281 of Chili, 251 of Churchville, 393 of Fairport, 368 of tiates. 267 314 INDEX. Churcbes of Greece, 275 of Hamlin, 288 of Henrietta, 297 of Honeoye Falls, 31? of Mendon, ;518 of Mum ford, 440 of Ugden, ;}2S) of Parma, :M4, :}4(i, :349 of Pen field, 356 of Pittsford, 883 of Rochester, 180 ct seq of Rush, 400 of Scottsville, 439 of Spencerport, 32S of Sweden, 411 (jf \Vel)Ster, 429 Churchill, Frederick L., 1S3 Churchville, 391 churches of, 393 City government of Rochester, 18S et seq. Civil war, the, 145 Clans, Ii'oquois, 2 Clark, Charles H., 126 George R., 172 IraC, 97 Mary J., 172 W. J., 97, 98 Clarke, Freeman, 80, 114, 142 Clarkson, churches of, 259 Center, 258 first settlers of, 254 population of, 258 schools of, 259 town officers of, 257 village, 258 George G., 90, 126 Cleary, James P., 189 Joseph P., 102 Clifton, 250 Clubs, 182 et seq. Cobb. F. D. H., sketch of, 485 Gideon, 72 jr., John, Dr., 223 Lyman, 135 William, 111 Cochrane, Joseph, 218 Coglan, Thomas, 95 Cogswell, William F., 206, 219; sketch of, 451 William F., Mrs., 173 Cohn, Herman C, 183 Coit, Charles P., Rev. Dr., ISO Colby, E. C, Prof., 177 Cole, George W., 99 Coleman, Anson, Dr., 223 Collectors of the port of Charlotte, 81 Collins, A. vS., 179 Charles S., 115, 1 10 Collins, T. B., Dr., 226 Colvin, Isaac, 117 Commissioners, app(jintment of, to settle confiicting territorial claims of New York and Massachu.setts, 38 Compson, Hart well B., 99 Comstock, O. C, Rev. Dr., lis Conant, T. J., Dr., 176 Confederacv, formation of the Iroquois, 3 the Iroquois, divided allegiance of the, during the Revolution, 30 Congressional districts, 80 Connor, W. W., 95 Conquests of the Iroquois, 12 Conrad, C. N., Rev., 181 Cook, Frederick, 91, 186 Henry, 114 Cooke, Martin W., 219; sketch of, 453 Cooley, E. M., 95 Cooper, A. Galley, 95 George G., 113, 156 Corinthian hall, 133 Cornell, Silas, 139, 169 Corning, Clarence A., 101 Council of the Long House, the, 3 Counties of the State, the original twelve, 75 Country club, the, 183 County clerks, 218 judges, 216 treasurers, 79 Court of Appeals, 197 Chancery, 200 Common Pleas, the old, 203 County, 201 Municipal of Rochester, 204 Special Sessions, 204 Supreme, 198 Supreme, general terms of the, 199 Surrogate's, 203 Court-houses, 86 et seq. Courts, evolution of the, 196 organization of, in Monroe coimty, 205 Cowles, James, 127 Coxe, Arthur Cleveland, 179 Craig, Oscar, 162 Mrs. Oscar, 168 Cramer, J. G., 96, 97 Crandall, Philander M., 81 Crapsey, A. 8., Rev., 180 Crennell, William IL, 81, 97 Crittenden, George S. , 115 T. F., 92 Cronise, Adelbert, 219 Crooks, Samuel J., 99, 100 Crowley, Bartholomew, 97 Culver, Oliver, 82 INDEX. 315 Cuming, Francis H., Rev., 117 Cumniings, Scott, sketch of, 481 Curran, Richard, 126, 188 Curtis, Eugene T., 185 George S., 101 Joseph, 113 P. H., 178 Cutler, A. K., 96 James G., 185 * Danby, Augustine G., 118 Dane, Jesse, 20(5 Danforth, George F., 207; sketch of, 442 Daniels, Henry C, 115 Henry G., 219 Darling, George, 168 Dawson, George, 118, 211 Davis, Benjamin F., 99 George P., 101 John A.. 127 jr., Noah, 80 Thomas, 95 Davison, Christopher C, 217 J. M., 180 Davy, Benton H., 318 John M., 80, 81, 216, 217; sketch of, 442 Day, EH, Dr., 224 Jefferson, Dr., 224 Dayfoot, Herbert M., Dr., 162 Dayton, Asa, 72 Dean, H. W., E)r., 89, 226, 227 Henry C, 98 Theodore S., sketch of, 485 Decker, J. D., 97 Delano, Mortimer F., 206, 217 De Land & Co. Chemical Works, 371 Deming, George N., 80 Dennis. J. H., Rev., 173, 180 Denonville, Marquis de, 21-24 De Regge, Hippolyte, Rev., 181 Descent, Iroquois line of, 4 Desmond, John, 219 Deverell, Joseph, 96 Dewey, Chester, Dr., 185, 175 Chester P., 115 D. M., 154 D. M., Mrs., 172 W. S., Mrs., 172 Dickey, David, Dea., 157 Dickinson, Pomerov P., 189 Dinkev. John F., 174 Dinehart, Miss, 169 Directory, first, of Rochester, 123 District attornevs, 217 Dodge. C. W.. 175, 180 Doolittle, Arabella, 136 G., 176 M. A., Miss, 172 Doty, W. D'Orville. Rev. Dr., 180 Douglass, Frederick, sketch of 99. 164 Dowling, KatherineJ., 178 Patrick J., 97 Downs, Judson, 99 Drake, I'red ICbert, sketch of, 475 John X., sketch of, 4S8 Draper, George B. , ]H!) Drummoud, John X., 127 Dryer, R. K., 186 Dugan, Christopher, 104 Duncan, Alexander, 121 Durand, Henry Strong, Dr., 226 John E., 178 Durfee, Daniel, Dr., 223 Dutch riglits of conquest, 37 East Brighton, 245 Hamlin, 288 Henrietta, 296 Rush, 400 Eastman. J. A., 127, 155 Edson, Freeman, Dr., 22? Elliot, George W., 156, 1H7 Ellis, S. A., 90. 178 Ellwanger, George, 179 Ge(jrge H., 115 Elwood, Alfred, 97 Frank W., 180; sketch of, 473,/ Isaac R., 127; sketch of. 473 John B., Dr., 107, 126, 223, 230 Ely, Alfred, SO, 159 Alfred, Mrs., 170 Elisha, 123. 217, 218 Ehsha D., 211 George H., Mrs., 170 « William S., 96 W. A., Rev. Dr., 181 W. W.. Dr., 227 Emerv, Isaac .S. , 156 Emerson, William X., SO, 81, 98 Engineers, Fiftieth, the, 107 English claims to Iroquois territorv. 21 efforts to secure grants of land from the Indians. 27 Enos. B. Frank. 127. 189 Erie canal, S8 et seq. opening of. 118 Ernst. Charles B., 188; sketch of, 550 Louis, 97 Eureka club, the. 183 Evans, Charles, Rev., 180 Daniel, 140 Explorers, the first, 15 Failing, William, 141 Fairchild, H. L.. Prof.. I7(t, 1S(» Harrison S.. 96. 102 Fairport, 360 et seq. 316 INDEX. Fairport, churches of, 368 "Herald," the, 371 Farley, Marv A., 173 Porter, 97 Farrar, Lysander, 80 F'arron, Owen, Rev., 181 Fatzer, Solomon, 97 Fellows, Henry, 77 Female Charitable Society, the, 167 Fenn, Albert ()., 186 Charles H., 96 Fenner, E. B., Mrs., 169 Edward S. , 217 Field, Joseph, 126. 141 Filon, Michael, 126, 16(1 Finucane, Thomas W., 189 Fire alarm telegraph of Rochester, 130 department, beginnings of Roches- ter, 124 department of Rochester, 129 Fires, notable, in Rochester, 101 Firemen's Benevolent association, 130 Fish, Henry L., 126, 166 lames M., 126 Josiah, 70, 104 Fisher, George W., 165 Jacob, 100 William, 148 Fisk, W. H. H. Dr., 229 Fitch, Charles E., 114 Fitzhugh, WiHiam, Col., 105 Fitz Simmons, Charles, 98-100, 102 Fleckenstein, George Y., sketch of, 481 Valentine, ]09,"l27 Floods, disastrous, 148 Foote, Homer, 95 Israel, Rev. Dr., 172 Nathaniel 219; sketch of, 452 Forbes, George W., 175 Force, George B., 96 Isaiah F., 97 Ford, Charles P., 185 Forsyth, George D. , 217 Daniel W., sketch of, 470 Fort des vSables, erection of, by the French, 26 Fowler, William J., 115 Fox sisters, the, 147 et seq. "Frankfort," 111 Free Academy, Rochester, 137 Fremin, Father, 17-19 French and English jealousy, 21 claims to Iroquois territory, 21 visitors, noted, 67 Charles D., Rev., 169 Porter M.. 219 Friederich tV Sous, 88 Fritzsche, Frank, 189 Frost, Edward A., 218 Frost, Sarah, Mrs., 168 Fuller, Jerome, 80, 206, 216 E. P., 96 Fulton, Levi S., 88, 89 Galvin, John, 97 Gannagaro, 23 Gannett. William C, Rev., 165, 181 Garbutt, John, 77 Gardiner, Addison, sketch of , 207 Gardner, C. B., Rev. Dr., 180 Richard, 189 Garland, 259 Garlock, James S., sketch of, 463 Gamier, Father, 18, 19 Garrard, Jephthah, 99 Gates, churches of, 267 first settlers of, 262 population of, 264 schools of, 268 town officers of. 265 Gay, Horace, 217 Genesee vallev canal, 85 club, the, '182 Genzmer, G. A., Rev., 176, 182 Geology of Monroe county, 192 et seq. Gibbard, Isaac, 89 Gibbons, Washington, 127 Gibbs, Everett 0^ sketch of, 477 Orrin E., Dr., 217,233 Gibson, Law S., 127 Gilbert, E. S., 95 Jasper W., 127, 217 (iildersleeve, William, Dr., 223 Gillette, Berkley, Dr., 223 Willis K., sketch of, 476 Gilmore, J. H., 175 Gleason, Sheppard, 95 Gleeson, William, Rev., 181 Godlev, William, 100 -Goff, H. H., 89 Goodwin, William F., 101 Gordon, John H., 164 Gorham, Nathaniel, 42 Gosnell, James, Rev., 181 ,Goss, Ephraim, 80, 206, 218 Gould, E. P., 95 Jacob, 81, 126 Seward F., 101 Graebe, William, 96 Graham, Ilosmer, Dr., 224 James S., 95, 100 M. E., Dr., 230 (irand Army of the Republic, 102 Granger, Eli, 70 Zadock, 68 Grant, R. C, Dr., 230 Grantsynn, William S., 97, 98 Graves, William, 218 INDEX. 317 Gray, Abijah C, 98 Greece, churches of, 275 first settlers of, 270 population of, 273 schools of, 278 town officers of, 273 Green, Charles A., 2o0 James D., Rev., US Nursery company, 250 Seth, 154 Greene, C. H., Dr., 229 Greenhalgh, Wentworth, 8 Greenleaf, Halbert S., 80 H. S., Mrs., 177 Gregory, David, Dr., 223 Isaac M., 115 John, 99 Gregg, Henry W., 127, 1()(), 219 Greig, Sherman, 99 Grosvenor, O. D., 91 Guernsey, James A., 206 Hadley, Alfred B., 97 Hahnemann Ho.spital, 232 Hahnemannian Society, Rochester, Haight, Fletcher M., 112 Hale, William B., 219 Halsev, William L., Mrs., 172 Hall, Elizabeth P., 105 John, 92 Theodore F., 97 HaLstead, Reuben H., 97 Hamilton, Adelbert, 175 E. F., 95 John B., 80 Lewis, 97 T. B , 127 Hamlin Center, 287 churches of, 288 first settlers of, 284 minor villages in, 288 population of, 288 schools of, 289 town officers of, 287 Handsome Lake, 6 Hanford's Landing, 69 Hannan, John W., 218 Harford. Charles, 106 Hargather, M. J., Rev., 181 Harlan, Richard D., Rev., ISO Harmon, Benjamin F. , 97 Ezekiel, Dr.. 223 Harrar, George E., Dr., 224 Harris, Albert H., 219 Benjamin F., 95 Edward, 1S(> George B., 127 George H., 9, 160 James, 80 IHl 186 Harris. Joseph, 159 Joseph S., 96 Hart, E. Kirke, 80 E. P., Rev., 90, 181 George, 2!8 Roswell, 80 Hartman, Ernst, Rev., Haskell, Aretas, 77 Haven, Albert R., 114 Havens, James S., 219 Hawks, Haywood, 182, Thomas, 126 Hawley, Jes.se, 81, 83 Havden, Charles J., 126 'John C, 189 Hayes, A. W., Rev., ISl Hays, David, .sketch of, 454 Hebard, Charles W., 115 Henry S., 109, 155 Hebing, Henry, 81 Hedding, M. E., Rev., 181 Hedges, Job C, 95, 101, 102 Helmkanip, J. F. W., Rev., 181 Hencher, William, 67 229 Heuckcll, Emil, Rev., 181 Hendrick, Thomas A., Rev., 173. IMl Hennepin, Father, 20 Henrietta, churches of, 297 first settlers of, 291 population of, 294 schools of, 298 town officers of, 293 Henry, John D., Dr., 224 Hermance, Ale.xander C. , Dr., 230 S. George, Dr., 230 Herriman, Wallace J., Dr., 227 Heveron, John J., 189 Hickey, Thomas, Rev., 181 High school, the old, 137 Hiidreth, Samuel, 71 Hill, Charles E., 95 Charles J.. 120, 124, 126, 218 David Jayne, 175, 17i» David L., 114 Henrv M., sketch of, 4N3 Hills, Isaac, 89, 126, 230 Hincklev. Wat.son S., 206 Hines, W. J.. 95 Historical Society, Rochester, 180 Hoard, Volnev A., Dr., 230 Hobble, I. S.,'178 Hodge, John, 87 Hodgson, Thomas C, 218 Hoekstra Jacob A., 115. 189 Hogoboom, H. S. , 96 Holbrook, Daniel, 178 Holland Land company, the. 4i» HoUev, Myron, 1-15 Ilollistcr, 'Monroe M.. 97 318 INDEX. Holmes, IClias B., 80, 206 Holtou Janna, Dr., 223 Home for the Friendless, Rochester, 171 of Industry. Rochester, 172 Homicopathic Medical Society of Monroe County, 22S list of officers and members of, 229 Hone, Frank J., sketch of, 46^3 Honeoye Falls, ;309 et seq. churches of, 312 "Times," 312 Hooker, Bertha, 173 Hopkins. Caleb, 81 Ivdith, 173 John Hampden, sketch of, 450 J. H.. Mrs., 172 Hospital, Hahnemann, 232 Rochester City, 230 Rochester Hom1 vSpakhng, Erastiis, 82 Speare,'M. B., Dr., 227 Special county judges, 216 Spencer, John C, 12H Joseph, 206 Spencerport, 325 cl secj. churches of, 82S •'Star, " the, 828 Sperry, James, 92 Moses, 217 Spiehler. Adolph. 189 Spies, Christian, 97 Spt)or, Gustav, 95 Sprung, William H., 127 Stanton. William P.. 186 Starks. Milo L., 97 Starkweather, S. W.. 178 Starr. Charles S.. Dr.. 227 Frederick, 280 Henry P.. 100 State Industrial School, the, 81- 326 INDEX. State senators, 80 Stearns, Alonzo, 90 Stebbins, H. H., Rev. Dr., 10r>. ISO John W., 109 Steele, John M.,20f) Steffcns, CorneHus M., Rev., IHO Stephan, Paul, 94 Stephens, Jobn B. M., 219 Stevens. Hestor L.,217 Linus, Dr., 223 Stevenson, James, 95 Robert, 97 John A., 117 John P., Rev., 181 J. W. A., Rev. Dr., 181 Stillson, George D., 139 Stihvell, Hamlin, 126 Stoddard, E. V. Dr., 168, 226, 227, 231 E. V. Mrs., 173 Stoll, Julius, 116 Stone brothers, arrival of the, 67 Enos, 106, lOS Isaac W., 107 James Stoddard, 107 M. ()., 187 Newell A., 127 Simon, 77, 206 2d, Simon, 218 Storm, Francis, 206 Strattou, Hubert, Dr., 230 Straus, Marcus, 183 Strauss, Maurice D., 183 Street car troubles and changes in Roch- ester, 154 Strong, Alvah, 211 A. H.. Dr., 176, 180 Elisha B., 77, 120, 216 E/.ra, Dr.. 223 Iluldah M., Ill lohu W., 112 Joseph, 81 Maltby, 126 Theron R., 207 Allen & Huntington, 114 Stull, Joseph A., 217 Suggett, Joseph H., 97 Sullivan, Jerry A., 95 Patrick H., 97, 127 Sullivan's expedition against the Sene- cas, 32 et seq. Sumner, Charles R., Dr., 1S9, 228, 229 Surrogates, 217 Sutherland, Arthur E., 216, 217, 219; sketch of, 447 Isaac v., 218 Swanton, Thomas J., 186 Sweden, churches of, 411 first settlers of, 406 population of, 410 Sweden, town officers of, 405 Sweet, Clarence II., 126 Swinburne, G., Dr., 226, 227 Szadzinski, Theophilus R., 181 Talman, John T., 120 Tanner, G. A., 116 Taylor, Joseph W., 217 ' Robert P., 94, 96, 100 Wdliam G., 206 W. R., Rev. Dr., 165, 180 Zachary F., 138; sketch of, 465 Telegraph, the first, 143 et seq. Western l^nion, 144 Territory, surrender of northwestern, 35 et seq. Terry James, 183 Oliver L., 94 SethH., Mrs., 170 Thayer, George W., 186 Theater, the, in Rochester in early days, 132 Theological Seminary, Rochester, 176 Thomas, Horace J., 94 Thompson, George H., 141 - James R., 81 Thorn, Jacob, 112 Thresher, G. W., 181 Tobey, jr.. Philander, 224 Topham, John A., 189 Tower, A. K., 100 Town Pump, 324 Towns, devastation of, 77 Traditions, Seneca, 2 Trails, Iroquois, 9 Transportation, growth of, upon the canal, 119 Traugott, Chris, 97 Travel, means of early, 1 19 Treaty at the Big Tree, 50 "Triangle tract," the, 48 Tryon, James S., 127 Town," 72 Tubbs, J. Nelson, 149 Tucker, Luther, & Co., 113 Tuckerman, George S., 114 Tulley, William F., 94 Twenty-thousand acre tract, the, 62 et seq, Udell, Parsons (i.. Dr., 227 " Underground railroad," the, 146 University of Rochester, 174 et sev. Updike, Scott W., 109 Van Allen, James H., 99 Van Dake, Franklin, 101 Van Dyke, L. B., 140 Van Ingen, John A., Rev. Dr., 99 INDEX. 327 /an Ness, J. G., Rev., 181 Van Rensselaer, Killian, 127 Van Voorhis, Eugene, 210 John, 80; sketch of. -451 Van Zandt, C. D.. Mrs., 172 Varnum, Jonas P., 21!) Viele, P. B., 186 V^osburg, John B.,205 Vought, John G., Dr., 223 Wadsworth, James, 142 Wafer, F. M., 97 Wagner Memorial Lutheran College, Rochester, 17(5 Walker, Henry A., sketch of, 484 the Tory, 52 Wanzer, George G., 95 Ward, Henry M., 92 Levi, Dr., 71, 91, 120 Levi, Mrs., 167 Levi A., 126, 187, 178 William H., 126 Warner, F. W., 180, 185 George E., 189; sketch of, 450 Horatio G., 11:! H. H., 185 J. B. Y., 173 J. Foster, 88 Matthew G., 126 Warren, Aldice Gardner, sketch of, 479 George F., 114 James H., 218 Washburn, Louis C, Rev., 168, 181 Washington's instructions to General Sullivan, 31 Waters, William A., 185 Watson, Don Alonzo, 159, 179 James S , 182, 183 Weaver, Zachariah, 127 Webb, Charles IL, Mrs., 168 Webster, churches of, 429 first settlers of, 425 population of, 428 schools of, 431 town officers of, 427 village, 428 Charles A., 88 Edward, 91, 138 M. R.. Rev. Dr., 181 Weed, John, 95 Thurlow, 113, 114. 124 Weigel, L. A., Dr., 227 Wentworth, Ariel, 127 Delos, 156 Wenzel, C, 176 Werner, Christopher C, sketch of, 466 William E., 216; sketch of, 443 West, Ira, 111 Westcott, James, 97 Western House of Refuge, 89 New York Horticultural Society, 92 New York Institution for Deaf Mutes, 89 Westervelt, Z. F., Prof., 90 Weston. Daniel, Dr., 223 West Brighton, 244 Greece, 274 Rush, 400 Wheatland, first settlers of, 433 population of, 436 schools of, 441 . town officers of, 43(5 Wheeler, Edward, 174 Whist Club, Rochester, 183 Whitbeck, John F., Dr., 76, 226, 227 John W., Dr., 189,231 White, Richard E.. sketch of, 460 T. C, Dr., 228, 229 Woman of the Genesee," the 5.S-61 Whitford, Alfred H., 174 Whiting, Addison N., 97 Wliitnev, J. Eugene, 1H() Whittlesev, Frederick, 79, SO, 140. 14S, 175, 206 Frederick A., 179, 220 William S., 79 Wiedner, Frederick, Rev.. ISl Wiggins, J. P., Col., 91 Wilder, A. Carter, 126 A. Carter and D. Webster. 115 Caleb, 145 George, 183, 186 John N., 175 Wilev, Louis, 115 Wilkin, George A.. 169 * Willard, Ernest P., 114 William, 8H William.s, Charles M., 219; sketch of, 45H Comfort, Rev., Ill George D..99, 126 Henrv B.. 94, 9(i. ](t| Henrv T., Dr., 226 John,' so. 126. 230 J. Elliot. 95 Samuel B.. 127. ISS Stalham L.. 101 W. Barron, 218 Williamson, Charles, 104 Willev, Reuben, 77 Wilson, John H.. 95. 2is John M., 99 Nathaniel, Dr.. 224 Wiltsie. Charles \V.. 180 Winant.s. H. L.. 127 Winget. F., Rev. IMl Women, rights of, among the Irocnicns. 4 Wood. Samuel. 89 Wot)dworth. Chaunccy I', "is 328 INDKX. Woodworth, C. C, 185 Worden, Samuel C, lfi4 Works, Samuel, 120, 126 Wright, G. W.. Rev., 1S2 Hiram, 126 Pardon D., 127 Yale, T. B., 96 Yeoman, George F., 215, 219; sketch of. 443 Young Mens' Christian Association, Rochester, 173 W. B., Dr., 230 PART II. Archer, (ieorge Washington. 89 Ayrault, Allen, 78 Ayrault, John, 77 Bal:)cock, A. Emerson, 5 Bubcock, William J., 3 Baker, Jeremiah S., 75 Bausch, J. J., 34 Brewster, Simon L., 93 Bromley, Pliny Miller, 74 Butts, Isaac, 52 Carroll, Charles H., 18 Clark, George W., 53 Clement, Frank H., 49 Cleveland, Merritt A., 48 Collins, Alphonso, 67 Cook, Frederick, 89 Craig, Henry H., 29 Crippen, Oliver, 7 Crouch, Charles T., 50 Deavenport, Daniel, 55 De Land, Daniel Brown, 101 Dunning, Johw D., Dr., 15 Eddy, Thomas H., 36 Edgerton, Hiram II., 82 Edson, Freeman, Dr., 61 Ellwanger, George, 58 Elwood, Isaac R., 60 Ernst, Louis, 68 Field, Reuben L., 37 Gerling, Jacob, 71 Goss, George A., 65 Gott, Frederick E., 43 Hannan, John W., 44 Harding, Bryan, 76 Harris, James, 21 Hayes, M. D. L., 85 Hebard, Henry Stead, 32 Heughes, Frederick L., 98 Hobbie, Isaac S., 78 Huntington, Elon, 93 Jones, Frank M., 96 Judson, Junius, 71 Kimball, William S., 88 Langslow, Henry A., 72 Leonard, Ichabod, 20 ~ Leyden, Maurice, 83 Lighthouse, Charles F., 27 Likly, Henry. 56 Lincoln, Andrew, 13 Lincoln, Josiah K., 14 McLean. Charles D., 95 Moore, E. M.. Dr.. 80 Oaks, George J., 30 Powers, Daniel W., 56 Randall, Stej)hen W., 28 Rochester, John H., 42 Rochester, Nathaniel, Col., 40 Rogers, Hosea, 63 Ross, Austin P., 59 Rowe, Frederick A., 57 Salmon, George, 8 Scribner, John C, 97 Shantz, Moses B., 51 Sheldon, Judson F., 45 Sibley, Hiram, 86 vSibley, Rufus Adams, 27 Snyder, Henry J., 66 Stanley, Henry E., 19 Starkweather, Chauncey G., 46 Stokes, W. A.. 24 Taylor, George, 69 Thatcher, lames H., 25 Todd, Dav'id, 17 Vogt, Albrecht. 80 Watkins, (ieorge Benton, 47 Watson, Don Alonzo, 92 Whalen, Harvey, 9 Whipple, John D., 31 Williams, Samuel B., 38 Woodworth, Chauncey B., 100 Wright, Alfred, 64 Wright, Charles S., 10 Yates, Arthur G., 33 INDEX. 331 HAMLIN. Allen, John, 294 Burke, James, 290 Elliott, Frank, 263 Hamil, Aaron H., 277 Manly, Howard, 249 Palmer, Isaac, 208 Pease, J6seph, Dr., 248 Randall, Amos C, 262 Redman, James H., 262 Richman, A. L., Dr., 250 Swanson, T. O., 248 vSingleton, Daniel R., 276 Storer, (Jeorge W., 2C)i Timmerman, Albert T., 2(53 HENRIETTA. Bailey, David L., 188 Brown, Cyrus E., 195 Caswell, Warren, 86 Clark, Herbert M., 40 Ely, Darwin S., 88 Farrell, James, 98 Friend, Joseph W., 48 Hodges, Charles H., 200 Howard, Judson, 24 Jackson, Morris S., 108 Jones, Thomas O., 121 Leggett, Charles, 44 Lincoln, George W. , 52 Little, Elijah E., 206 McNall, James, 122 Mason, Daniel G., Dr., 207 Newton, William, 51 Nichols, Almond F., 207 Peets, Lemuel H., 218 Post, Sarah A., Mrs., 49 Reeve, Thomas, 212 Schuyler, Benjamin D., 84 Search, Charles W., 19 Search, Lewis, 80 Sperry, Henry H., 222 Starkweather, Chauncey G. Stone, Franklin E., 97 Stone, Harvey, 104 Webster, Albert, 227 IRONDEQUOIT. Aman, Joseph, 293 Brown, Heurv B., 808 Cole, Josiah H., 280 Colt, Sarah A., Mrs., 264 Cooper, George, 294 Costich, Gilbert, 246 Doyle, Joseph, 248 Fritz, Martin, 245 Garnish, John, 246 Grant, Theodore W., 236 Hill, William, 241 Livmgston, Henry C, 805 McGonegal, George E., 215 Markel John, 244 Neuhart, Michael, 238 Pardee, Edwni S., 246 Payne, Erwin C, 285 Penney, Benjamin F. , 306 Perrin, William H,, 304 Porter, Chauncy, 306 Rudman, William T., 241 Simpson, Benjamin F. , 281 Sours, William H., 241 Southworth, Edwin M., 242 Snyder, Myron T., 244 Standemnaier, Marv, 295 Titus, Adelbert, 294' Titus, Frank C, 231 Titus. Stephen B., 807 Tone, Joseph C, 237 Vanauken, George W., 2:>1 Walz, John, 249 Weisner, Adam, 295 Whitlock. George L., 235 MENDON. Bellinger. Moses C, 196 Brooks, Charles D., 42 Burton, Leonard, 28 Cole, Clair M., 115 Corbv, Stephen L., 27 Davis, Martin, 21 Dutton, (u'orge K.. SO Graves. Allen S., 58 Hauford, Frederick S. IKirris Erastus T., 67 Holden, Alexander M. Lord, Nathan, 204 Murray. William, 16 Olnev, Harrison, 56 332 IXDEX. Otis, Charles F., Dr., 95 Pierce, Martin, ;"> Probst, Frederick, 86 Ritzenthaler. Stephan, 32 Sheldon, Abner, 130 Adams, James, 55 Anderson, John, 21 Arnold, William B , 12 Barker, Albert N., 185 Barnard, John, 4(i Blackford, Samuel, 18(5 Boughton, Orrin, 77 Bri.i(ham, John, 96 Brigham, Orville P., 20 Brown, Samuel, Capt., 66 Brown, William B., 48 Buell, sr., Bela, 35 Burritt, Isaac, 184 Chapman, Ansel, 20 Clinton, Richard, 110 Colby, Ephraim, 184 Cole, Cornelius S., 105 Cromwell, James, 182 Danforth. Robert, 29 Day, Eliphalet, 103 Doty Family, the, 189 Fincher, John Alexander, 192 Flagg, Henry S., 69 Fowler, Joshua, 37 Garretsee, John R., 83 Gillett, John, 199 Goff, Henry H., 9 Gott, John, 87 Handy, John D., 199 Harroun, Oliver, 21 Hicks Family, the, 45 Hiscock, George W., 52 Hodges, George H.,'69 Arnold, Aaron, 193 Bartlett, Thomas J., 94 Bass, Loring, 187 Beebe, Asa,' 138 Berridge, William R., 186 Burritt, A. C, 89 Burritt, Sylvester, 76 Bush, Conrad, 186 Butcher, Ephraim, 13 Castle, Isaac, 182 Chase, James Darwin, 181 Childs, Rufus, 41 Collins, J. Byron, ISl Cross, Elam'A., 70 Curtis, Elias, 101 Curtis, James, 180 Denniston, W. H., 12:5 Frazer, Allan B., Ill Stayman, George, 60 Tinker, John E., 82 Worden, Amos, 83 Yorks, William R., 67 OGDEN. Hoy, Patrick, 199 Hubbell, William, 27 Jones, Edwin A., 141 Killip, Patrick, 75 Kincaid, John, Rev., 102 McDonald, David, 2:!5 Mason, John, 3it Millener, Joel P., 105 Nichols, Barnabas A., 66 Nichols, Isaac, 11 Nichols, Solomon, 50 Parmele, James, 214 Rich, James M., 211 Robinson, Aaron, 211 Spencer, Joseph A., 18 vScribner, Albert G., 62 Sla ., William C, 218 Sm .,, Henrv, 53 Smith, jr., John, 37 Smith, John B., Dr., 217 True, George E., 4o' Udell, Par.son G., 118 Van nest, James C, 68 Van Voorhis, James, 17 Vroom, Hendrick D., 47 Wansey, Lyman S., 25 Webster, John, Dr., 46 Whittier, J. Newton, 33 Willey, Sylvanus C, 18 Williams, John H., Rev., 33 Wilmot, Servetus, 29 Voung, Hiram, 79 PARMA. Goold, Albert H., 37 Gorton, Ezra, 197 Hillman, H. Benjamin, 22 Hiscock, James W., Rev., 198 Huber, Clement, 198 Huber, Frank, 77 Knickerbocker, Benjamin 204 Losey, William, 239 Meserve, Samuel II. 25 Miller, William, 116 Sweeting, John L., 217 Tracy, Allen D., 224 Truesdale, James T., 224 Webster, William and John, 55 Wheeler, Benjamin, 114 Williams, W^illiam Wilbur, Dv,, 8-1 Woodmansee, C. N. , 225 INDEX. i33 PRNFIELD. Adams, Franklin and Leon F. , 193 Allen, James N., 134 Andrus, Fairchild, VSi Beardsley, Warren F., 127 Boardman, Washington, 148 Brailer, Leo, 185 Bridgeman, Robert, 119 Brooks, Frank J., 172 Brown son, Isaac, 185- Burrows, Walter E., 91 Busch, Frederick, 131 ^ Butler, Preston W., 195 Clark, George W., 180 Clark, Henry S., 130 Cornel], Walter, Mrs., 179 Crippin, Sarah, Mrs., ri9 Eldredge, George I., 143 Eldridge, Irving B., 147 Eldridge, W. G., 94 Emberry, A. J. and Willis, 277 Emberr}% Christine, 247 Fahrer, John, 191 Fellows, John B., 140 Fellows, William, 191 Frost, Henrv, 135 Fuller, C. Lacy, 147 Fuller, Harrison C, 129 Gaston, Daniel D., 125 Gaston, Joseph H., 146 George, David and James, 12(1 Gray, David S., 164 Harris, George F., 127 Harris, James, 89 Harris, Robert, 201 Hebbs, James, 201 Herrick, C. Elbert, 146 Migbie, Abijah Peck, 166 Humphrey, Nathan M., 201 Keith, Linus, 228 Kennedy, James K., 89 Landon, Daniel, 205 Leonard, Charles N.. 273 Leonard, George R., 274 Loyd, Orin, 127 Ockenden, Frank E., H4 Osbon, William, 2(I9 Northrop, Burr S.. 167 Parker, Clark, 213 Parmenter, George W. , 89 Peet, Norman C, 129 Peterson, Axel, 213 Ravmond, Charles C, 167 Reddick, Robert, 215 Rich. Noah F., 145 Rundel, Jerome, 85 Sam])son, Howard, 221 Schlieman, C. and H., 221 Schuelcr, John A., 221 Spear, Richard W., 221 Turrill, Edward, 128 Watson, George W., 131 Weaver, William, 128 Weeks, William H., 164 White, John F. 93 Whiting, Lawson J.. 128 Willson, M. v.. Rev., 143 Worden, Edward, 2H7 PERIXTON. Adams, Orlando C, 194 Aldrich, J. G., 64 Ayrault Allen. 194 Baird, Byron, 60 Baker, J. S., Mrs., 38 Baker, Nathan C, 196 Baker, William, 196 Barnhart, Mary E., Mrs., 78 Barnhart, Orrin B., 197 Benedict, Allen, 8 Billinghurst, J H., 119 Birch, Benjamin, 196 Bly, William B., 24 Bown, George G., 12 Brown, Olivia, 195 Brydges, H. H.. 120 Bumpus, William II.. 113 Butts, Truman, 72 Case, Nathan, 29 Chadwick, Jeremiah, 33 Cobb, F. I). H.. 73 Conover, L. A., 92 Corni.sh. Clement, 7 Cowles. J. B., Dr., 183 Crocker, A. J., 183 Davis. G. W., 70 Davison, Ezekicl, 189 De Witt, C. G., 49 Dobbin, William H.. 124 Downer, Maria, Mrs.. HS Drake, John N., 10 Edgett. Harriet Roscoe, C Efner. Charles, 15 Filkins, George S., 19() Fisk. E. T.. 51 Fok'v, Thomas, 82 Fo.sk'ett, William A., 10 Gardner, Melvin, 46 334 INDEX. Gordon, James, 202 Green, George W., 108 Gunsaul. John S., 30 Harris, J. D., 113 Ilenrv, Robert W., 203 Higbie, Myron R., 201 Higbie, Nathan, 203 Hobbie, Isaac S. ,85 Hodskin, Egbert L. , 67 Howard, D. J., 43 Howard, John E., 76 Howard, S. P., Maj., 203 Howell, Harvey H., 239 Ives, Lydia R., 20 Jordan, Edwin, 78 killmer, Harry A., 5 Leisher, Jacob H., 205 Loclnvood, M. E., Mrs., 109 Loud. William P., 91 McGill. J. W., Dr., 12 McMillan, James, 110 Moseley, L. P., 208 Newman, Arthur B. , 17 Newman, J., 47 Newman, William M., 10 Olney, hranklin, 22 Palmer Familv, the, 54 Pannell, Silas J., 75 Patterson, W. H., 214 Peacock, Charles L. , 105 Perkins, Asa P., 118 Peters, Isaac E., 214 Price, George S., Dr., 215 Rightmire, N. A., 212 Schummers, F. P., (51 Scribner, O. C, S Shaw, L. M., 2 Hi Storms, W. S., 210 Stubbs, Joseph, 111 Taylor, Creorge C. , 20 Walker, Henry A., 1:5 Warner, Fred, 74 Warner, Samuel, 35 Watson, W. S., 7 -Wells, I. S., 38 Wilbur, Smith, 51 Wilbur, W. Montague, 31 Wilcox, Chester E., 225 Wilcox, Glezen P., 61 Wilcox, Mortimer R.„ 225 Williams, Charles A., 238 Wood, Giles S., 36 Wvgant, T. B., 77 PITTSFORD. Bacon, John B., 240 Barker, William H., 22 Barrett, T. E., 187 Cole, Mary I., 4 Doane, W. H., Dr., 188 Drake, sr., Elihu, 188 Farnum, George W., 104 Finucan, A. N., 116 French, M. D., 191 Garland, Morev C, 31 Gaskin, E. W.,'25 Gomph, George H., 26 Goss, George A., 56 Guernsey, Duane L., 91 Hopkins, J. W., 126 Hopkins, Robert M., 202 I lutchinson, S., 76 lohnson, Walter W. , Dr., 202 Light, Marv Helen, Mrs., 23 Lord, Huld'ah, Mrs., 209 Loughborough. Ira E., 23 Malonc, Patrick. 28 Marsh, Jonathan E., 209 Matthews, Irving E., 65 May, Jane A., Mrs., 68 Merkel, Henry, 209 Reeve, John, 29 Rogers, Charles Spencer, 75 Rogers, Charles W., Mrs., 210 Schoen, Charles, 221 Spiegel, Thomas, 220 Stone, Samuel H., 220 Wilmarth, Louisa, 220 Wiltsie, James M., 122 Woolstoii, W. I., KM RKtA. Smith, Oliver, 79 INDEX. 329 PART III, BRIGHTON. Boardman, Emily, Miss, 102 Boothe, Reuben N., 117 Brown, Thomas A., Dr., 99 Buckland, Leonard, 184 Butterfield, Clarence E., 174 Caley, Mary G., Mrs., 179 Chapman, George, 98 Charlton, John, 179 Cogswell, Pierce J., 108 Craib, James, 180 De Floo, Jacob, 173 Down, Charles B.. 100 Edmunds, James M., 192 Frank, George, 167 Guenther, Frederick, 174 Howes, George E., 197 Jones, William H., 100 Kellv, Charles E.. 204 Le Clare, J. F., 206 Manning, William L., 12:5 Meitzler, Charles, 99 Michel, Albert, 167 Nash, J. Sidney. 205 Norris, J. Frank, 205 Peck, Henry J., 272 Rowerdink, William H., 95 Sheehan, Daniel F., 221 Shelmire, James D., 101 Teare, Eliza J., Mrs., 174 Terrill, Erwin, 167 Todd, Stanley, 22:} Wilson, M. II., 226 Wing, Benjamin, 96 Allen, Lucia, Miss, 192 Carpenter, Lewis B., 180 CHILI. Hubbard. Richard P., 11(» Humphrey, W. S., 197 CLARKSOX. Allen, Chauncey, 19B Allen, Isaac, 193 Bellinger, Charles H., 185 Campbell, E. H., 82 Crary, Eli, 182 Freeman, Daniel C, 'Sii Gallup, Andrew J., 115 Garrison, Elias, 197 Goodberlet, Joseph, 116 Hiler, William H., 119 Hixson, Fred R., 93 McBain, James W., 115 Miner, John E. , 8 Minot, Morton, 92 Moore, Adam, 117 Perry, Alfonso, Dr.. 213 Prosser, Cicero ]., 95 Reed, John J.. 211 Rockwell, Washington L Shafer, Jonas, 218 Sigler, James, 218 Silliman, Wyllis A.. Dr., Smith, George C, HI Steel, John W.. 218 Smith, Orrin C. 219 Snider, Denton G., 50 Spurr, Samuel. Capt., 43 Truman, Lawrence, 224 Warren, James H., Capt. Williams. Charles S., 115 110 84 GATES. Avery, Edwin B., 223 Barhydt, Edwin, 292 Beaman, Cassius, 291 Brayer, Frank N., 216 Curry, John C, 296 (iates, Henry P., 295 Ilaight, Jacob S., 234 Harris. Selali M.. 305 llinchev, Franklin, 227 Leddy, 'Thomas J.. 292 Miller, Ardean R., 2o3 Miller. Ransom, 305 Niven, William D. 248 Patten. E. S.. 231 330 INDEX. Pease, George M., 306 Perry, William S., 307 Renouf, William, 30."i Roe, Thomas, 232 Schwartz, Jacob F. , 3(iT Smith, Charles, 216 Smith, Jeremiah, 307 Sperry, George B., 223 Statt, John, 307 Terrill, Harmon, 230 Waring I'amilv, the, 251 Woodworth, Clark, 234 GREECE. Allen, John M., 142 Baldwin, Addison R., 131 Barnev, John S., 290 Beaty^ Thomas, 289 Bingham, James R., 290 Bolton, William R., 289 Brown. Edward S., 134 Budd, Daniel D., 136 Burling, George, 289 Butts, 'Daniel.' 135 Butts, Simon. 157 Canfield, James P., 288 Casburn, George, 238 Chandler, George A., 125 Clark, George C., 288 Conterman, Adam L., 275 Copsey, Albert, 136 Corbitt. jr., Robert C, 288 Crane, John H., 232 Croft, James, 234 Davis, Benjamin F. , 274 Davis, Thomas S. , 142 Defendorf, Frank J., 124 Deming, Howard C, 139 Denise, Daniel S., 278 Dvson, Robert. 278 Kstes, James W., 290 Fallesen, Andrew P. , 137 I'^arnan, James, 236 Ferguson, Alexander, 145 Fetzner, John, 223 Fillmore, Sarah A., Mrs., 273 Fleming, Joseph, 242 Flynn, Jeremiah, 279 Foster, Ozias, 233 Vy\, Thomas J., 279 Gallery, Michael, 138 Gallusser, John,* 279 Gray, George N., 127 Hed'ditch, Robert, 280 Henchen, Virginia, 280 Hillman, Walter B., Dr., 280 Hincher, Wheeler, 287. Jones, Charles B., 281 Keene, William 11., 77 Kintz, John, 282 Kintz, Milton W.. 281 Knipper, Peter, 137 Lane, Almira, 282 Lascell, Jo.shua B., 136 Latta, Frances M., Mrs., 283 Lotz, John, 128 Luke, T. John, 282 Manning, P^ ranees, Mrs., 284 Markham, M. A., Mrs., 130 Miller, Jorgen 1., 283 Miller, Laura A., Mrs., 284 Mitchell, William, 283 Nelson, William, Mrs., 284 Northrup, George W., Mrs., 285 Oliver, George, 19 Olmsted, Harry A., 85 Paine, John, 140 Payne, George W., 14 Pearson, Harry M., 126 Petten, John J., 173 Pollard, Emma M., 129 Rashe, Louis, 135 Roberts, Julia E., Mrs., 134 Robinson, William L., 305 Rowe, Lucian A., 141 Schwartz, Peter M., 233 Seibel, Mrs. J. B., 250 Sexton, Lawrence, 286 Sheldon, Luther G., 138 Shepard, John H., 285 Skinner, George W., 287 Slater, William J., 286 Smith, Jacob, 286 Stace, Stephen, Mrs., 237 Stone, George B., 128 Stone, S. A., Mrs., 140 Taft, Horace, 287 Tennison, David, 145 Tennison, jr., John, 293 Todd, David, 58 Todd, Sophia, Mrs., 51 Vick, Henry IL, 166 Warner, Etta E., 270 Weber, Frank, 274 Wilder, Meriou R., 2r2 Wood, Thomas, 245 Woodham, James, 143 r INDEX. ROCHESTER. 335 Adams, Abner, 2(i(i Adams, Reuben A., Dr., 248 Adler, Levi, 25(i Alden, John F., 2G."» Aldridge, George Washington, :')03 Allen, Charles M., ITS Allen, Frederic P., 170 Almy, Elmer E., 201 Ashley, William J., 259 Ashton, John H., 144 Atkinson, Hobart Ford, 15!) Atwood, H. Franklin, ITS Babcock, John W., 270 Barber, Charles Russell, Dr., 227 Barhite, John A., 163 Barnes, Charles R. , 151 Barnum, William R., 288 Barr, William, 253 Bartholomay, William, ;)()2 Bausch, E. E., 205 Beach, Daniel Beers, 16!) Beahan, James, Dr., 168 Belding, Homer, Dr., 801 Bissell, Elmer Jefferson, Dr., 229 Block, Alvin, 154 Ely, Myron T., 161 Bohachek, Edward, 174 Brewster, Henry C, 159 Brickner, Max, 801 Brinker, Henrj% Gen., 44 Bntenstool, Jacob A., 254 Brown Brothers Company, 802 Brown, Le Grand, 375 Brown, Richard, 171 Brownell, Frank A., 262 Bryson, Robert, 254 Buck & Sanger, 268 Buckley, James, Dr., 270 Buell, Jesse W., Dr., 168 Burke, Fitz Simons, Hone & Co., 271 Carnahan, George Alexander, 168 Chadsey, John H., 169 Chamberlain, Philetus, 162 Chapin, Charles Hall, 291 Chapin, Louis S., 257 Clark, Brackett H., 66 Clark, Charles H., 157 Coggswcll, William F. , 164 Cook, John C , 154 Craig, Oscar, 251 Cramer, J. (ieorge, 807 Creelman, John A., 258 Crittenden, William Butler, 152 Crossman Brothers, _ 800 Cummings, Scott, loj Cutler, James G., 147 Dann, Archibald, Dr.. 228 Davis, William (J., 162 Decker, Richard J., Dr., 255 Eastman, George, 176 Edington, I. C, Dr., 800 Ellsworth, Henry Mason, 27(i Elwood, Frank Worcester, 174 Enders, John C, 245 Ernst, Charles B. , 240 Evans, John Joseph, Dr., 250 Everest, Charles Marvin, 177 Evershed, Thomas, 268 Fenn, Albert ().. 159 Finnessy, James H., Dr., 171 Fleckenstein, George V., 146 Foote, \athauiel, 156 Forsyth, Daniel W., 178 Friederich, A., & Sons, 258 Fuller, George R., 274 Gaffney, Owen, 270 Gardiner, Richard F. , 808 Garlock, James S., 149 Garson, Charles, 158 Gee, Horace B. , 9 Gibbs, Everett ()., 159 Graham, Merritt E., Dr., 175 Grant, Justus Herbert, 269 Grant, Kolla C, Dr., 17<> Graves, J. William, 254 Greenleaf, Halbert S. Co!., 271 Hamilton, John B., 168 Hannan, John W., 144 Hawks, Haywood, 250 Havden, J. Alexander, 252 Hays, David, 170 Hebing, Henry, 155 Hccnan, Martin M., 16^ Hcughes, Frederick Lee, 160 Hofhcinz, R. H.. Dr.. 164 Hone, Frank J., 158 Hopkins, John Hampden, I7u Houck, George H., 168 Howard, Eugene H.. Dr., 229 Howk. Loron Whitney, Dr., 236 Hoyt. David. 800 Hulett, Pierson B., 158 Hutchison, Merritt L., 299 Jones. Frank A., Dr.. 25s Keeler, Charles A.. 249 Keenan, iCdward Arthur. 162 Kempc, Julius, Dr., 70 Kent, J H., 266 Kinney, John F., 148 Kleind'iensl, Henry, 248 Kohimetz. Charles E., 254 Kondolt, Mathias, 267 336 INDEX. ;^03 170 Kuichling. Emil, 152 Lamb, George W., 164 Laney, Calvin C , 299 Langslow, Fowler & Co La Salle, B. F. & C. W., Lee, John Mallory, Dr., 178 Lewis, Merton E., loS Lindsay, Alexander M., 29H Lodge, Clarence V., 151 Loomis, George W., 2'-iH Ludolph, Andrew^ 177 McClintock, J. Y., 292 McPhail, Percy R., 259 Macy, Silvanus Jenkins, 144 Mallev, James, 144 Mann'; Frank C, 294 Martin, Bernard F., 298 Maurer, Edward W., 170 Mead, iJarwin W., 260 Menzie, Herbert J., 162 Miner, Arthur M., 257 Murphy, John Martin, 160 Myers,'RobertM.,267 O'Brien, John Charles, 152 Otis, Lyman M., 268 PaJiera, George W., Dr., 176 Paine, Cyrus F., 156 Paine, L. C, 177 Palmer, Griff D., 269 Palmer, sr. , James, 292 Parker, Orin, 259 Paviour, Robert S., 171 Plumb. William T., I()8 Potter, Everett O. , 304 Putnam, Earl B., 165 Remington, Harvey F. , 229 Rochester, John H., 154 Roe, Charles, 142 Ross-Lewin, George W. , 172 Roth, George F., 308 Scofield, Warren D., 260 Security Trust Company, 298 Seymour, H. Franklin, 256 Shantz, Moses B^ 161 Shedd, Kendrick P.. 261 Shuart, Denton G., 172 Shuart, William Dean, 146 Shuart, William H., 172 Bible V, Rufus Adams, 155 Sibley, Wallace, Dr., 228 Sloan, Samuel, 147 Spader, Willard B.,298 Spahn, Jacob, 149 Sprague, George W., 152 Smith, Frederick W., 243 Stern, Morley A., 257 Swanton, Thomas J., 259 Taylor, Zachary P., 160 Teall & Sons, 297 Telfair, William, Dr., 4 Thayer, George W., 171 Tubbs, Joseph Nelson, 164 Van Zandt, Clarence D , 260 Vick, Joseph S., 255 Vogel, Charles, 263 Voshall, Charles Watson, 251 Walbridge, Edward N., 297 Walter, John A. P., 151 Warner (ieorge E., 150 Warner, J. Foster, 158 Watkins, George B., 148 Weston, John Porter, 309 Whitcomb & Downs, 296 White, Richard E., 169 Williams, Charles ]\I., 150 Williams, Henry T., 256 Williamson, William A., 252 Woodworth, Frank J., 273 Yawman & Erbe, 296 Yeoman, George F., 153 RUSH. Diver, Byron A., 112 Fishell, Henry, 190 Martin, Henry R., 59 Snapp, Archibald T., Stull Family, the, 97 49 vSWEDEN. Adams. J. W., 6 Aldridge, Erastus, 193 Allen, G. H., 15 Allen, Lewis B., 71 Andrews, L. E., 108 Barnett, George F., 43 Beedle, Ichabod, 187 Beedle, Zenas Paine, 56 Benedict, Edgar, 26 Berry, Thomas C, 9 Boyd. Andrew, 57 Bnggs, Elroy W. , 107 Brown George S., 72 Bulkeley, H. L., 187 B.urlingame, Herman G., 137 Burns, John D., 69 INDEX. 337 Burns, William H., Capt, 185 Capen, Franklin F., 14 Chamberlain, Nelson, 89 Chapman, 11. D., 16 ' Chappel, Guy, 48 Clark, Francis, 181 Cook, R. J., 182 Cook, WilHs C, Dr., 11 Cornes, George T., 79 Cottar, jr., James, 79 Courtney, Lewis B., Capt., 112 Curvin, John, 111 Dailey, William, 30 Dean, Theodore S., 99 Decker, Charles, 35 Doty, Anson, 24 Dunn, W. S., 189 Edmunds, William J., 53 Ewer, Spencer, 7 Fisk, Nathan, 88 Frost, S. P., 191 Gallup, George, 79 Gleason, Benjamin F. , 63 Gleason, Samuel W. , Dr., 31 Goodridge, Joseph H., 66 Gordon, George C, 3 Harrison, Edward, 201 Harrison, Henry, 110 Hartshorn, John, 200 Heinneh, WilHam, 114 Henion, E. B. , 15 Hines, Daniel C, 201 Holbrook, Silas H., 121 Holmes, Daniel, 4 Holmes, Harris, 14 Hovey, Cassius M , 63 Hovey, Treat J., 90 Howard, Seymour W., 73 Johnson, Benjamin F.,114 Johnson, Frank P., 68 Johnson, H. N., 202 Ketchum, Byron C, 132 Kimball, Joseph, Rev., 109 Kingsbury, John H., 9 Lennon, W. H., 73 Lester, Julius, 208 MacLachlan, Hugh, 62 Madden, H. S.,23 Mann, William B., Dr., 88 Merritt. F. G., 208 Morgan, I). S., Mrs.. 157 Moore, Wilson H., 95 Owens, John, 4 Page, W. L.. 118 Palmer, Fred, 19 Palmer, William, 74 Park.s, William H., 40 Patten, J. E., 117 Pease, Levi J., 212 Peckham, Frank L, 213 Raymond, Alonzo H., 3 Reed, J. B., 87 Reichel, George Valentine, Rev.. 309 Reynolds, Linus H., 113 Richards, Dorwain, 4 Richards, Gurdon, 210 Root, Frederick P., 57 Root, Henry, 45 Root, Sevniour H., 210 Roberts, 'William H., 19 Rowe, A.sa, 74 Rowe, George H., 109 Schlosser, Fred, 219 Secor, C. O., 219 Seymour, William H.. 39 Shay, James, 219 Sime, George W., 27 Skinner, James Avery, 120 Smith, George W., 219 Smith, Heur'v, 220 Smith, John,' 220 Smith, Orril, 240 Stanley, William, 22(i Staples, Robert, 13 Stedman, George L., 112 ' Stickney, Edwin I., 219 Tooley, Norman, 20 Tozier, Joseph A. , 224 Underbill, Lucius T., 224 Wadsworth, John, 227 Ward, George R., 109 Way, George H.. 71 White, A. M., 15 White Charles J., 74 Wilco.x, Elias, 59 Williams, George E., s7 Young, Elijah "\V., 227 WIvBSTER. Abercrombie, John, 194 Aldridge, Jenuett A., 34 Allen, Lemuel, 113 Baker, Charles J., 124 Bancroft, Ellis W., 197 Bass, John E., 80 Billings, Lewis J., 217 Bradsluuv, Isaxic Leonard, 195 liurnett, CJiles, 92 Conster, Bladwin. 1M3 Eaton. Wilber, 7(5 Eldred, Franklin, 7i> 338 INDEX. Fehr. Jacob, 190 Fox, George W., 190 Glasser, John M., 60 Goetzman, Charles, 14 (irinnell, J. W., 42 Hallauer, George, 47 Hams, William, Mrs., i:}') Hawley, William S., 5 Hen dee, Peter, 88 Hettler, William, 72 Hollev, Andrew M., 199 Hopkins, Freeman A., 200 Hosenfele, Dionisius, 200 Jones, Edwin, 200 Ketchum, Joseph H., 60 Kircher, jr., Charles, 119 Klein, Bernard A., 2(i8 Klem & Hendricks, 18 Knight, Andrew M., 71 Leake, C. Leverne, 113 McLaren, John, 42 Martin, A. N„ & Brothers, : Mason, George G., 98 Middleton, George H., 208 Middleton, Harriet. 208 Morlev, John, 208 Odell,' Hiram, 210 Pellett, James, 73 Pitt, Thomas, 21:5 Pitt, William, 119 Randolph, Joseph, 212 Reitz, Charles, Dr., 99 Shaw, Alice E., Mrs., 123 Smith, Uziel B., 291 Spavin, ?Ienry, 80 Sperrv, Burton E., 216 Stokes. William H., 74 Sudbury, Mark, 216 Thatclier. James H., 7s Thayer, Preston, 71 Thomas, Ann E., 80 Wagar, Dexter S., 27 Wager, Philetus. 226 Wager, P. Kel.sey, 34 Weeks, Benjamin B., 226 Wolf, John F., 72 Wright, Hiram W., 226 Van Ingen, Bart, 71 WHEATLAND. Allen, (Jliver, 80 Bennett, vStephen, 120 Bowerman, Luther, B. 18 Brown, D. D. S., 106 Brown, Frank M., Prof., 92 Cox, Frances E., 183 Cox, John, 117 Freeman, James and Patrick, 189 Garbutt, Philip, 86 Garbutt, Robert R., 86 Grant, Archibald S, 72 Howe William J., Dr , 32 McAmmond, John ¥., Dr., 206 Martin, James, 69 Rafferty, William and Thomas, 21 1 Salyerds, Isaac W., 140 Shirts, William A., 217 Skinder, Almond, 222 Slocum, (ieorge E., 65 Warren, Newman, 117 PORTRAITS. Angle, James Lansing, facing 213, Part I Archer, George Washington, facing 16, Part I Ayrault, Allen, facmg 78, Part H' Ayi'ault, John, facing 360, Part I Babccjck, A. Emerson, facing 243, Part I Babcock, William J., facing 336, Part I Baker, leremiah S., facing 364, Part I Bau.sch," J. J., facing 24, Part I Brewster, Simon L., facing 32, Part I Briggs, James E., facing 468, Part I ' Bromlev, Pliny M., facing 40, Part I - Carroll,' Charles IL, facing 48, Part I - Clark, George W., facing r)3. Part II Clement, Frank H., facing 56, Part I " . Cleveland, Merritt A., facing 48, Part II Collins, Alphon.so, facing 67, Part II y Cook, F'rederick, facing 64, Part I - Craig, Henry H., facing 72, Part l^ Cnppen, Oliver, facing 352, Part P'' Crouch, Charles T., facing 80, Part I ^' Davy, John M., facing 442. Part I •' Deavenport, Daniel, facing 55, Part II De Land, D. B., facing 372, Part I ^' Dunning. John 1)., I )r., facing 424, Part I ' Eddy, Thomas H., facing 272. Part I >' lidgerton, Hiram II., facing 82, Part II Ed.sou, Freeman, Dr., facing 432, Part I INDEX. 330 Ellwanger, George, facing SIS, Part I Elwood, Isaac R., facing 473, Part I^ Ernst, Louis, facing 9(5, Part I '- Field, Reuben L., facing 2fi4, Part I^ Gardiner, Addison, facing 207, Part I Gerling, Jacob, facing 104, Part I Goss, George A., facing 376, Part 1 ' Gott, Frederick E., facing 321, Part I Hannan, John W. , facing 44, Part II ^ Harding, Bryan, facing 76, Part II ''' Harris, James, facing 21, Part II "^, Hayes, M. D. L., facing 85, Part iT'^ Hebard, Henry Stead, facing 112, Part I" Heughes, Frederick L., facing 116 Part I '^ Hobbie, Isaac S., facing 79, Part II "'' Huntington, Elon, facing 120, Part V Jewett, Simeon B., facing 445, Part I '' Jones, F. M., facing 428, Part I '' Judson, Junius, facing 124, Part I , Kimball. William S., facing 128, Part I Langslovv. Henry A , facing 132, Part I Leonard, Ichabod, facing 354, Part I ^ Leyden, Maurice, facing 136, Part I ^ Lighthouse, Charles F., facing 27, Part 11 / ■ / Likly, Henry, facing 56, Part II Lincoln, Andrew, facing 368, Part V Lincoln, Josiah K., facing 14, Part II '• McLean, Charles D., facing 420, Part V . McNab, Anson Stuart, facing 459 Part V Macomber, Francis A., facing 214, Part I Oaks, George J., facing 140, Part I ^ ^ Powers, Daniel W., facing 144, Part I ^ Raines, Thomas, facing 448, Part I v' / Randall, Andrew J., facing 284, Part I'' Rochester, John H., facing 148. Part I '^ Rochester, Nathaniel, Col., facing 152, Part I Rogers, Hosea, facing 300, Part 1 Ross, Austin P., facing 156, Part \ ' / Rowe, Frederick A., facing 260, Part I Salmon, George, facing 8. Part II -^ Scnbner, John C, facing 97, Part 11^ / Selden, Henry Rogers, facing 210, Partl^ Selden, Samuel Lee, facing 2o9, Part \'^ Shantz, Mo.ses B. , facing 51, Part II / Sheldon, Judson F., facing 309, Part L Sibley, Hiram, facing 160, Part I *" Sibley, Rufus A., facing 164, Part V Snyder. Henry J., facing 39.', Part l^, Stanley, Henry E., facing 356, Part I'' Starkweather, Chauncev G., facing 294,^ Part I Stokes, W. H., facing 24, Part H' Sutherland, Arthur E, facing 447, Part I ' Taylor, George, facing 168, Part I Thatcher, James H., facing 420, Part I Todd, David, facing 17, Part II Vogt, Albrecht, facing 172, Part I ' Watkins, (ieorge Benton, facing 47,- Part II / Watson, Don Alonzo, facing 176, Part I Werner, William E., facing 443, Part \^ Whalen, Harvey, facing 9, Part II . Whipple, John \)., facing 304, Part I ,^ Williams, Samuel B., facing 180, Part I Wood worth, Chauncev B., facing 184,'' Part I Wright, Alfred, facing 64, Part II ' Wright, Charles S., facing 10, Part II Yates, Arthur G., facing 1H8, Part I • "X D'i4 mm LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 108 047 7 *