Question Book BY MAMIE C. TEX ON Seventh Year Physiology Seventh Year History Seventh Year Grammar Seventh Year Geography Seventh Year Agriculture This Question Book is espe- cially designed for the topics called for in the Illinois State Course of Study. Answers to these questions can be found by using the books pre- pared by Mamie C. Tex. The work can be made much easier by having each pupil own one of these question books. Price 45 Cents Send all orders to MAMIE C. TEX, TaylorviUe, Illinois Copyright, 1918, by Mamie C. Tex. . BY IE C. TEX . ON Seventh Year Physiology Seventh Year History Seventh Year Grammar Seventh Year Geography Seventh Year Agriculture This Question Book is espe- cially designed for the topics called for in the Illinois State Course of Study. Answers to these questions can be found by using the books pre- pared by Mamie C. Tex. The work can be made much easier by having eacli pupil own one of these question books. 41 Send all orders to MAMIE C. TEX, Taylorville, Illinois \ ©CI.A507375 NOV II !9I8;:/ PHYSIOLOGY. QUESTIONS ON PHYSIOLOGY, SEVENTH GRADEr— FIRST MONTH. 1. Define nutrition. 2. ^NFame the six processes included in the term "nutrition/^ 3. Which are the upbuilding processes and which are the destructive processes ? 4. Define food^ and tell why this word ''food" in its strictest application does not apply to everything eaten. -5. A¥hat is meant % waste and what finally becomes of it? 6. What are the two functions of food, and what can be said about food and heat, food and repair? 7. Name the four distinct classes of food. 8. Of what use to the body are the proteids? 9. From what two sources are the proteid feeds obtained, and give some examples of food which contain protein. 10. Tell how our proteid food besides building up and repair- ing the tissues of the body can also be energy producing. 11. Why are the carbohydrates so called? 12. Give some examples of the carbohydrates and which must we have more of -^-carbohydrate or proteids? 13. What are the two chief uses of the carbohydrate food, and what is the result if we eat carbohydrate food with the pro- teid food? 14. Name several sources of sugar, and what is the value of sugar to the body. 15.. Name the four different kinds of sugar and tell where each is found. 16. How is starch in green fruits changed to sugar? 17. From what two chief sources does our starch come? 18. From where do we obtain the fats and oils? Give examples. 19. How are the fats and oils useful to the body? 20. Name the mineral foods. 21. What can be said about the amount of water in our foods ? - 23. Why is water so useful to the body? 23. In what ways does water enter the body? 4 PHYSIOLOGY. ;^4. llow are salts aud luot^t miiicral I'ood.s taken into the body and why are they valuable? 25. Why do children sometimes eat plaster, chalk or wood, aud what would be the result if they could obtain very little mineral food? 2G, Where can we find common salt in the body, and tell about the craving for salt sometimes in animals and people. 27. How are salts of iron obtained and why is iron valuable to the body? 28. Tell about other minor salts found in the body. 29. Give the sources of proteids and how can we test to show protein? 30. Give the sources of carbohydrates and how can we test to show it? 31. Give the sources of fats and oils and how can we test for them? 32. Give the sources of the mineral foods and tell about the test for it. 33. Tell how the different foods serve the body. 34. What do we mean by the term "meats"? 35. AVhat can be said about the food value of meat, and how many times a day is it necessary? 36. Name some diseases brought on by eating too much meat. 37. If then, we are not to get our supply of protein from meat, how else may it be obtained? 38. Compare the protein found in moat with the protein found in the vegetables. 39. Give the composition of lean beef; of dried beef. 40. What can be said about water found in beef? 41. What cU'ect does watci' in meat have upon the food value? 42. Give the value of fat iji meat. 43. What can be said about the mineral matters in meats? 44. Why are milk and eggs good food? 45. Give a hint about the cooking of eggs and milk. 46. Give the composition of milk and eggs. 47. What can be said about milk as a "perfect food" ? 48. How long is milk good for small children? 49. How should we take care of our milk and why? 50. Wliat is the most important constituent of milk? 51. Tel] about the manufactuic of milk sugar, and of what use is it? I-HVSIOLOGV. 5 53. Give the composition of eggs. 53. What causes decomposed eggs to have their offensive odor ? ■ 54. Why are vegetables good food ? 55. Name the carbohydrate elements in vegetables. 56. What about minerals in vegetables? 57. Name the chief legumes used in the U. S. as food, and why are they so important? 58. W'hy is the protein found in vegetables not so valuable as the protein found in the best cuts of meat? 59. W^hat class of food predominates in all cereals? . 60. Name several of our cereal foods, and tell why Graham flour is more valuable than white flour. 61. W^hat are the differences which separate the cereals, and what cereal furnishes the best balanced proportion of all grains? 62. Why are cereals valuable to young and old people? 63. What is the value of fruits to our diet ? 64. What can be said about beverage and their value? 65. How are tea, coffee, and cocoa made, and what about the food value and effect of these beverages? 66. Name the amusement drinks and tell how wine, whisky, brandy and rum are made. 67. How should alcohol be classed and why? 68. What are the effects of alcohol on the body? 69. What about tea and coffee substitutes? 70. What three things are important in helping us in- stinctively to choose foods best suited to our individual needs? 71. Tell about the foods necessary in cold and hot climates and why these foods? 72. What does water have to do with our food? 73. What does the season and occupation have to do with, our food? 74. Why should the housewife have a definite knowledge of food values? 15. Give the menu for a man weighing 150 pounds: menu for a woman; menu for a child. 76. What about an active life and food? 77. Explain why we must have indigestible matter in food, and name some foods which have no real food value, yet are classed as foods. 78. Tell aboiit the experiments that have been conducted along the line of "food for roughage." 6 PHYSIOLOGY. 79. What is digestion and give the two purposes of diges- tion? 80. Explain how bread and meat are made ready for the blood and used for bodily nutrition. 81. Name the organs of digestion. 83. Tell how the food is changed in the mouth and give the importance of good teeth. 83. Describe the esophagus and what is the cardiac aper- ture ? 84. Give a full description of the two coats of the stomach, and tell how the food leaves the stomach and where it then goes. 85. Give a clear description of the large and small intes- tines, also speak of their structure. 86. Name the parts of the alimentary canal, describe its structure, and tell how the food moves in this canal. 87. We know how the mechanical part of digestion is car- ried on, now tell how the chemical part of digestion is brought about. 88. Where are the salivary glands and what about their secretion ? 89. Describe the saliva, and how much is secreted per day? 90. What is the use of ptyalin? 91. Where is the gastric juice and describe the gastric glands ? 92. Give the composition of the gastric juice and upon what class of food does it act. 98. What action upon the fats and carbohydrates does the gastric juice have? 94. Where does the food receive the bile and pancreatic juice? 95. Give a description of the pancreas and tell about its connection with digestion. 96. What organ secretes the bile and describe this organ? 97. Give the three duties of the liver. 98. Give a good description of the bile and its two fold value. 99. Tell about the intestinal juices. 100. Give a short account of the processes of digestion in the mouth, stomach, aiid intestines. 101. Tell aboTit absorption in the mouth and stomach, and explain what is meant by absorption. 102. In what two ways is absorption performed? 103. Tell how the blood vessels absorb the food. PHYSIOLOGY. 7 104. Give a description of the lacteal s and tell how they absorb the food. 105. What is the lymph? 106. What is meant by assimilation, and where does assimila- tion take place, and when is the most favorable time for assimi- lation ? Note. — After the physiology has been gone over by the ques- tion method, review it by having the pupils recite by topics. QUESTIONS ON PHYSIOLOGY, SEVENTH YEAR- SECOND MONTH 1. What must the dietician take into consideration whcji planning a menu? 2. Tell how people of different countries enjoy different foods. 3. What will cause a difference in taste? 4. Under normal conditions, how much food and water will the average adult require? 5. What food elements and how much required for the upkeep of the human body? 6. How much oxygen is needed to oxidize the necessary food elements? 7. What about our need for variety in our food and how is this need shown? 8. What are the evil results of under nourishment? 9. What is the trouble with, the majority of the people in regard to their diet? 10. Give an example of a meal which will furnish all the necessary food elements. 11. When does the housewife have a difficult problem? 12. Why does a growing child require more food than an adult? 13. Compare the oxygen required for a child two and half years old with an adult. 14. Tell how people in different climates require different food. ■ 15. What can be said, about adulterated foods and Avhat is the object of adulteration? 16. What might be the two results of adulteration and give an example of each? 17. What are the three chief methods of adulteration? 8 PHYSIOLOGY. 18. A'ame some commouly used adulterants known as chem- ical preservatives, and tell for what each is used. 19. Name some commonly used adulterants for coloring pur- poses and give some examples. 20. What was the leading "mixing adulterant"? 21. Name a substitute for sugar, for starch. - 22. How are coffee, fiour, and candies adulterated ? 23. Why is food sanitation needed? 21. (jrive an example of how uncooked oysters might be dangerous. 25. How might fruits and vegetables be a source of disease? 2G. What relation exists between distance and our food, and what are some of the precautions the average housewife must keep in mind? 27. What can be said about impure water and what are some of the sources of impure water? 28. How can waters whose purity cannot be guaranteed be rendered harmless? 29. What about chemical purification? 30. In what two ways can milk become full of disease pro- ducing bacteria? 31. What diseases can be transmitted through milk? 32. What three things are necessary in order to have pure milk? 33. What may be said about harmful and harmless bacteria? 34. Explain ''certified milk," and compare market milk with certified milk. 35. Explain pasturization of milk and what is the result? 36. What two serious sources of danger from the use of ice? 37. Compare natural and artificial ice with regard to purity. 38. Give a good hint on the use of ice. 39. When is ice absolutely pure? 40. Why is it necessary to screen from flies? 41. Why should food be kept at a low temperature? 42. What about storing food in cellars, and the care of refrigerators ? 43. Why should food be cooked, and give three good methods of cooking. 44. Why is broiling a good method of cooking meats? 45. Give a hint about roasting meat. 46. What about boiling meat for food and boiling it for soup? PHYSIOLOGY. 9 47. Why is frying a poor method of cooking and if we must fry give some valuable suggestions. 48. Sum up the reasons for cooking. 49. Grive a proof to show that cooking sterilizes the food. 50. Give three good hints on the proper serving of food. 51. What is one of the main causes of too rapid and over eating and what is the evil result of this? 53. How can we over come the evil habit of too rapid eating ? 53. In what condition is the human system sometimes found by physicians and how is it remedied? 54. How many meals a day necessary and when is the proper time for the largest meal? 55. What absurd custom has America copied from Europe? 56. When is digestion most perfect and why should we form regular habits in regard to eating? 57. What about eating between meals and the eating of candy and sweets? 58. What is the best drink to accompany our meals? 59. What can be said about eating until one feels dull and full? 60. What effect does our mental condition have upon our appetite and digestion? 61. What can be said about the Eomans in this respect? 62. How is digestion controlled and give the effects of worry, haste at meal time, sadness, and stories of personal difficulties and grievances upon the digestion of food. 63. Give several evil results of insufficient mastication. 64. Enumerate several of the experiments of Horace Fletcher. 65. E'xplain why thorough mastication would lessen the time for rest and sleep. 66. Give a full topic on the care of the teeth and mouth and be sure to bring in some of the evil results of carelessness in this line. 67. Speak of the necessity of water in the human system, and explain why it is so necessary. 68. What about water from shallow wells, water which flows through sand and gravel, and water from driven wells? 69. What is the source of water in general, and water in the cities ? 70. Tell how the water used by the people of St. Louis is purified ? 71. When is water said to be hard? When soft? 72. When is boiling of water to be recommended and why does this render it safer? 10 PHYSIOLOGY. 7o. When is water insipid, and how can we restore its usual flavor ? T-i. How nuicli water is needed by the average person per dav and when is this amount increased ? 75. What evil results follow the drinking of too little water? i «;. tSpeak of the importance of pure water and pure ice. iT. Tell how tea is made and describe the tea plant. ^8. What })art of the tea plant makes the best tea and why? 79. Name some of the varieties of tea and tell from what part of the plant obtained. 8U. How is black and green tea made, and explain why black tea is more healthful than green tea ? 81. Compare the amount of tannin and theine in green tea with the tannin and theine in black tea. 82. What causes the diiferent flavors of teas and how are the best teas on the market obtained? 83. Why are tea and coffee not classed as foods but as stim- ulants, and why should they not be used by children? 84. What principle in coffee and tea renders them harmful ? 85. Describe the coffee tree and its fruit. 86. Compare the composition of coffee with tea, and show the difference between raw and roasted coffee. 87. Why is coffee not classed as a food and what effect does it have upon different individuals? 88. Tell about the three kinds of coffee in general use. 89. Give several reasons why we should not drink coffee. 90. Xame several nourishing drinks. 91. Give several reasons why milk is both a good food and a valuable drink. 92. How is chocolate otjtained, and describe the bean of the cacao tree. 93. How is cocoa and sweet chocolate obtained? 94. Tell all about cei'eal drinks and how made. 95. Name several non-alcoholic refreshing drinks and tell why tbey have little food value yet are highly beneficial to the digestive system, 96. Why are bananas, strawberries, and watermelons valuable in human diet ? 97. What can be said about the sugar and acids found in ripe fruit? 98. How is lemonade and orangeade made and what about the value of strawberries and grapes? PHYSIOLOGY. 11 99. How are these fruit juice drinks which we purchase adul- terated and why are the fruit juices and syrups which we have left over from our canning better? 100. How are various alcoholic drinks made and what is the difference between fermentation and distillation? 101. How is almost pure alcohol made? 103. Why is alcohol not classed as a food? 103. Give the effect of alcohol on the albumen in food, upon the pepsin in the stomach, epithelial cells of the mouth, upon the lining of the stomach, upon the intestines, and upon the liver. 104. How is wine made and give its composition. 105. How is beer and ale made and give the composition of beer and how is beer preserved and flavored, and what causes ale to be stronger than beer? 106. How is hard cider made and what is the evil result of drinking cider? 107. How much alcohol in whisky and how is it made? 108. How is brandy and rum made, and where is brandy made, and what about the American made brandy ? 109. Give the effect of the manufacture of alcoholic drinks upon the world's supply of food. Note. — After the physiology has been gone over by the ques- tion method, revieiv it by having the pupils recite by topics. QUESTIONS ON PHYSIOLOGY, SEVENTH YEAR- THIRD MONTH. 1. What was the idea of Hippocrates in regard to the cause of diseases, and how was this idea later corrected in 1863. 2. How did Leewenhoels, a Dutch lens maker, aid and what about later improved lens and liater discoveries? 3. What about the discoveries of Pasteur and Tyndall ? 4. Tell about the discoveries in this line in 1863 and in 1882. 5. What causes whooping cough, typhoid fever, scarlet fever and other kindred diseases, and what three things must be learned in order to prevent the spread of diseases caused by micro- organisms ? 6. Name the most common communicable diseases. 7. Define bacteria and when useful? 8. Define protozoa. 9. What was the discovery of Laveran, and give the life history of this malaria parasite. 10. Why is quinine good for malaria ? 12 PHYSIOLOGY. 11. Why was this discovery a new departure in science and why was it a step in advance? 12. Xame several infectioiis diseases caused by animal par- asites, and why was the search made through insects? 13. Tell about the discovery in 1895 by Dr. Eenald Eoss, and the experiments which followed. 14. What mosquitoes were the real malaria carriers, and how is malaria transmitted ? 15. Name four kinds of worms affecting man. 16. What are the two common kinds of tapeworm found in U. S. and how remedied? 17. What is the fish tapeworm and why dangerous? 18. What causes trichiniasis and how remedied? 19. Describe the pin worms and how removed? 20. Describe the round worms. 21. How may general parasitic infections be avoided? 23. What causes colds and sore throats and how contracted? 23. What is the idea of many in regard to colds and what proof has completely overthrown the old idea? 24. \Yhat is the relation between colds and tuberculosis? 25. In what way may prolonged and excessive exposure lead to colds? 26. How is the best way to protect ourselves against colds? 27. Give a proof that colds and tuberculosis are not caused by cold climates. 28. What are really the great number of attacks we have and call "colds" and what is a real cold? 29. Why are most colds taken in cold weather? 30. What can be said about colds and quarantine and about the rights of a person when he is suffering from a cold? 31. How many people die and are crippled each year by tuber- culosis ? 32. What was Eobert ' Koch's discovery, and what appalling discovery followed ? 33. How can the battle with tuberculosis be won? 34. How was the theory received and what did later experi- ments prove? 35. What is the open air treatment for tuberculosis? 36. Tell how we are trying to prevent tuberculosis and tell about the open air schools. 37. Give the effect of sunlight upon tuberculosis germs. 38. What are the leading causes of typhoid fever, and what has science taught us in regard to the typhoid germ? PHYSIOLOGY. 13 39. What are the two methods of attack to prevent the out- break of typhoid? 40. What is the name of this germ which causes typhoid fever, who discovered it and when? •±1. Give a proof that scientists are mastering the disease.* 42. In what three ways can this germ enter the body and give an account of each. 43. Give some hints in regard to taking care of a typhoid patient. 44. How long does it take for the disease to manifest itself after infection and how does it usually come? 46. What about a drug for the cure of the disease, also about the antitoxin ? 46. Tell how almost perfect immunity is secured thru the injection of antitoxin. 47^ Row does the government recognize this vaccination for typhoid? 48. What was thought to be the cause of diphtheria forty years ago? 49. Tell about the discovery of the scientists in regard tO' this disease, and the curious fact about the diphtheria baccillus. 50. How are the poisons produced and how do we fight this poison ? 51. What animal yields the most and strongest antitoxin, and how has the death rate been reduced by the use of antitoxin for diphtheria ? 53. When in the case should antitoxin be used, and how are the germs of diphtheria transmitted? 53. What effect does sunlight have upon diphtheria germs? 54. What might be some of the after effects of diphtheria toxins ? 55. What can be said about bacteria and the intestines and why so bad there? 56. Name five intestinal germ diseases and tell about them. 57. Give an account of acute rheumatism and what are the symptoms ? 58. What are the two things about this disease which puzzle the scientists? 59. What about pink eye and trachoma, and how are the germs of eye disease carried? 60. How should sore eyes be treated and what about trachoma and conjunctivitis? 61. What causes boils, abscesses, pimples, etc? 14 PHYSIOLOGY. ii2. Tell about the germs wliicli cause boils. ()o. What was the old time idea in regard to boils, and give some hints in regard to the care of boils. 64. What are other names for pneumonia and what are the early symptoms i' 65. What can be said m regartl to death from interference with breathing i' 66. How has it been proved that pneumonia was not due to cold or exposure? , 6?. When is it most deadly and of what section a disease? . 68. Give the idea of the scientists in regard to pneumonia. 69. Give a full account of the pneumonia germ. 70. What are the three points which count most in a pa- tient's recovery from pneumonia? 71. Tell about the prevalence of small pox in England at one time and about the process of vaccination discovered by Sir Ed. Jeuner. 72. Enumerate the benetits derived from vaccination. ! 73. What is the ditference between cow pox and small pox. 74. What about the opposition to vaccination? 75. What about the deaths from measles and small pox and why a great cause for concern over these many deaths.? 76. What causes these diseases, and what can be said about their after effects? 77. Why do we not have antitoxin for measles and scarlet fever ? 79. How do these diseases begin and what about the scales which peel off? 80. Tell about the importance of a quarantine for both dis- eases. 81. What is the "black" scarlet fever? 82. Give an account of measles and their symptoms and care. 83. How do worms get into the intestines? 84. Name the different kinds of worms found in the intes- tines, and when do children suffer from worms? 85. What about worm powders, and why should we be care- ful in expelling the tape worm? 86. What is hookworm, how spread, and how does it affect people? 87. What causes malaria and what is the best way to pre- vent it? 88. How does malaria affect the system? 89. How can we eradicate communicable diseases? ^^ PHYSIOLOGY. 15 90. Tell how England tried to save life from cholera. 91. When was quarantine first established and compare our early efforts at quarantining with our present purpose. 92. What are the benefits of our quarantine laws ? 93. Name our leading quarantineable diseases. 94. Give good reasons wliy we need community hospitals for contagious diseases and where are such hospitals found? 95. Why is it important that every person should be in- structed in emergencies? 96. What are some of the common accidents among children^ and what has greatly reduced the number of fatalities? 97. What about cleanliness? 98. What are the common things the house wife uses on cuts, sores, bruises, and boils? 99. Why are burns so painful and more difficult to treat than cuts ? 100. Why not Avash a burn to kill the germs? 101. Give specific rules in regard to treating a burn. 102. When is it poor economy to do without medical atten- tion ? 103. Tell what should be done in case the clothing catches on fire. 104. What are the two most common of all accidents? 105. What causes some cuts to be longer in healing than others? 106. Tell how to treat a fresh cut and what should be done in case of a deep flesh wound? 107. What causes bites of animals to often cause poisoning? 108. What about snake bites and their treatment? 109. What about insect bites and bee stings and how treat them ? 110. What about the danger from wounds, and what has les- sened this danger? 111. What can be said about bandages, especially the triangu- lar bandage and its usefulness ? 112. What is often the cause of nose bleed, and what is the treatment ? 113. What is a sprain, and what will lessen the pain and swelling ? 114. Tell how to treat a sprain. 115. What is a strain and how treat it? 116. What is cholera morbus and how treat it? 117. How make a plaster that Avill not blister? 16 PHYSIOLOGY. 118. What is crou}) and how treat a patient suffering from croup ? 119. What about the treatment for membraneous croup? 120. What is epilepsy or fits and wliat may cause them? 131. What causes convulsions? 123. How treat an adult for fits? 133. What causes concussion of the brain, and what is the treatment ? 134. What causes a person to faint and what is the treatment? 135. What may cause suffocation? 136. What is the first thing to do for a person wlio has suffo- cated ? 137. Wliat should be done for choking, strangulation, gas or vapor poisoning, and electric shock? 138. What causes choking and tell how food sometimes enters the windpipe. 139. Give the treatment for choking. 130. In what two ways may sunstroke affect the patient and which is the most serious symptom? 131. What is the treatment of sunstroke? 133. What can be said about boys and girls learning to swim? 133. What arc some of the things we could do for a drowning person in case we could not swim? 134. How might we revive a person who is apparently drowned ? 135. What should we do with a person who has swallowed poi- son of any kind? 136. Give two ways by which we might living about vomiting. 137. Tell how to make an antidote that might be administered. 138. What could you do for a person who has become poisoned from an acid, especially from oxalic or carbolic acid? 139. How treat a person who has lead poisoning? 140. HoAv may we become poisoned with arsenic and what should be done? 141. What about mercury poisoning and poisoning from strychnine ? 143. What about the poison from poison ivy? ISToTE. — After the physiology lias been gone over by the ques- tion method, review it hy having the pupils recite by topics. PHYSIOLOGY. 17 QUESTIONS ON PHYSIOLOGY, SEVENTH YEAR- FOURTH MONTH. 1. What is meant by the skeleton, and what about the decay of bones? 2. Give the uses of the bones. 3. Give the general plan of the skeleton, and into what three parts is it divided? 4. Name the twenty-two bones of the skull. 5. What can be said about the bones of the trunk and their number? 6. How many ribs, and which are the true and false ribs? 7. Where is the breast bone and pelvis? S. Of how many bones is the back bone composed; classify them and name them, 9. What is the benefit of the curves in the back bone? 10. What is the use of the pads of gristle between the little bones in the back bone? 11. How are the vertebrae held together? 12. Where is the spinal cord? 13. What is the use of the axis and atlas bones ? 14. Speak of the two irregular bones at the end of the spinal column. 15. Of what does the bones of the upper limbs consist? 16. Describe the collar bone. , 17. Where is the humerus, ulna, and radius? I'S. How many bones in the wrist and what are their names ? 19. Where are the meta carpal and phalangus bones? 20. What are the bones of the lower extremeties? 21. Where is the femur and patella? 22. What are the names of the bones of the lower leg? 23. Where are the tarsal, metatarsal and phalanges bones ? 24. What is the chief function of the curves in the spinal column and what would be the result if it were straight? 25. What is the use of the curves in the arches of the foot, and what is meant by "flat foot"? 26. What did the examination for the draft show in regard to "flat feet" and tell how they are trying to remedy it. 27. Why is it important to have a high arch to our foot? 28. Of what use to our body are the joints? Illustrate. 29. What pains are taken to remedy abnormal curves? 30. Who are Adolph Lorens and Captain Bolland Meisen- oach ? 18 PHYSIOLOGY. 31. What can be said about arch supports? 33. Enumerate several causes of abnormal curves. 33. Tell about healthful posture. 34. Tell about the different shapes of the bones. 35. Give a complete description of the structure of the bones. 36. Tell about bones as fertilizers. 3T. Of what are bones composed and what is the use of each kind of matter? 38. Tell how the animal and mineral matter may be shown. 39. From what source do bones receive their food? 40. What about the reproduction of a young bone? 41. What effect does the periosteum have upon the forma- tion of a new bone ? 42. What happens when a bone is broken and how is it repaired ? 43. What can be said about bones in the temperate climates? 44. What are the two purposes of the marrow ? 45. What is the periosteum and of what is it composed? 46. How is the bone nourished by the periosteum ? 47. What is a. joint and how are the surfaces which make the contact covered? 48. How are the joints moistened and lubricated? 40. AVhat is the use of the ligaments? .■)(). What are the uses of the joints ? 51. What are the different types of joints? 52. Tell about the joints of the head and the joints of the back bone. 53. How are the ribs joined to the breast bone? 54. Tell about the hinge joint, the ball and socket joint; also the pivot joint and give example of each kind. 55. What are the ligaments and what is their use? 56. What causes the bones to be out of joint or dislocated? 57. What is a sprain, how is it painful, and how treated? 58. What is a dislocation, what follows and how is it treated ? 59. What causes inflammation and abscesses of the bones? 60. What is consumption of the bones? 61. What are rickets and felons? 62. What can be said about malnutrition of bones? 63. What are the two chief uses of the muscles? 64. How do the muscles produce motion and heat? 65. How is this fuel food brouiiht to the muscles? PHYSIOLOGY. 19 66. How is the demand for more heat met? 67. What else besides heat does the burning of the fuel foods produce? 68. How is this waste removed? 69. What causes our muscles to sometimes become sore and how can we relieve this soreness? 70. How much of the body is muscle and into how many classes are muscles divided? 71. Define voluntary and involuntary muscles and give ex- amples of each. 73. Tell about the different shaped muscles. 73. Explain the structure of voluntary and involuntary muscles. 73. How are the muscles attached to the bones? 74. Describe a tendon. 75. Explain fully how the muscles act upon the bones as levers. 76. What is meant by antagonistic action? 77. Give several hints on the acquiring and maintaining of a healthful posture. 78. Name two forms of energy, and where does this energy come from? 79. What effect has motion on heat and why? 80. What causes fatigue and what causes us to become rested ? 81. What relation is there between pure fresh air and whole- some food to muscular activity? 83. How is motion and heat released from the muscles, and what are the two reasons why the blood should circulate? 83. Give several good reasons why we need exercise and some good hints on the kinds of exercise to take, 84. Explain how alcohol decreases muscle efficiency. 85. Give some experiments to show that alcohol decreases the power and strength of the muscles. ISToTE. — After the physiology has been gone over by the ques- tion method, r&vieio it by having the pupils recite by topics. GEOGRAPHY. QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- FIRST MONTH. 1. What is the name of the gaseous envelope which sur- rounds the earth? 2. Of what is the air or atmosphere composed? 3. What causes the air to move? 4. What would be the result if there were no difference in temperature. 5. Upon what is the circulation, density and humidity of the atmosphere dependent? 6. What is the general tendency in regard to the direction in which the winds blow and what causes this direction to be modified ? 7. What effect do winds have upon climate? 8. Explain the circulation of the air in a room heated by a stove or furnace. 9. Name the different wind belts of the earth. 10. What is the Doldrum Belt and what other name for it? 11. What are the Trade Winds? 12. What is the difference between the equator and the heat equator and what causes the heat equator to shift north or south of the regular equator? 13. What are the Northeast and Southeast Trade winds? 14. Describe the movement of the air in the Horse Lati- tudes. 16. Explain fully the Prevailing Westerlies. 17. Locate the Doldrum Belt, tell which way the air moves in this belt, and give the width of it. 18. Which way to the Northeast and Southeast Trades blow, and what is its latitude? 19. Which way does the air move in the Horse latitudes, how does this air shift, and in what latitude are they? 20. Where are the Westerlies of the Northern and Southern Hemispheres and how far north and south latitude do they blow? 21. Make a list of the Wind Belts and opposite each give the air movement. 22. How does moving from or to the equator affect the ocean currents ? GEOGRAPHY. 21 33. Explain how the ocean currents affect the climate of the neighboring coasts. 24. Give a full account of the belt of water in the western part of each ocean between the topics. 25. Give the effect on the east and west coasts of continents in the northern hemispheres which are washed by these ocean currents. 26. With your map before you, trace the North Equational Current, and tell about its velocity and size. 27. With your map before you, trace the South Equational Current, and tell how it finally merges into the Antartic Drift Current and then trace this current. 28. Give the origin of the Gulf Stream and trace it on your map and give the width, depth and velocity of it. 29. Give an account of how the warm water of the Gulf Stream is equalized by a cold stream of water from the north. 30. Trace the Labrador Current on your map. 31. With your map before you, trace the South Equatorial Current telling what finally becomes of the northern and southern branches of it. 32. Give an account of the two separate currents in the Indian Ocean. 33. Make a list of the ocean currents and tell whether they are warm or cold currents. 34. How closely related is the atmospheric circulation and the oceanic? 35. Name the ocean currents and tell what winds they follow in direction. 36. What was Benjamin Franklin's idea in regard to the ocean currents and the winds? 37. Tell what winds affect the western coasts of Canada, United States, South America, the eastern coast of United States, Mexico, Central America and South America, the western coast of Europe and southeastern coast of Africa. 38. Make a drawing of these coasts and on it name and place arrows to show the direction of the winds. 39. Compare warm and cold air with reference to ability to hold moisture. 40. Upon what does the amount of vapor in air depend? 41. How much vapor in a room 10' x 20' x 20' if the temperature was 80° ; if the temperature was 60° ? 42. If warm air is cooled, what is the result? 22 GEOGRAPHY. 43. What is the result if the moisture in the air is chilled, and in what ways can this chilling of air be brought about? 44. What causes the heavy rains in the equatorial belt? 45. What is the result of the shifting of this wind belt? 46. What causes British America, Greenland, and Siberia to have scant rainfall? 47. Tell about the Prevailing Westerlies and the rainfall they bring through cyclonic storms. 48. What effect do high mountains have upon rainfall? 49. Tell how the Trade Wind Belt affects the rainfall. 50. What about the rainfall in the Doldrum Belt? 51. What about the rainfall in the Belt of Tropical Calms, and Horse Latitudes and explain why? 52. What can be said about the rainfall on the windward and leeward mountain slopes and give examples to show that this is true. 53. What causes deserts and give an example. 54. What would be the effect upon Central America if the Atlantic were land; if Eurasia was water? 55. What are cyclonic storms and what effect do they have upon rainfall? 56. What is the effect of these cyclonic storms upon north- eastern United States and Canada, and where do these storms form? 57. Trace the cyclonic storms; tell how much land they cover, where do they obtain their moisture, and how is this moisture carried so far? 58. Where does western Europe get most of her rainfall. 59. What causes the high table lands of Central Asia to be chiefly desert? 60. What are monsoons, and describe the seasons of India? 61. Tell about the rainfall of Eastern Asia, Japan, Dutch East Indies, and the Philippines. 62. Into what three classes may the land surface of the earth be divided? 63. What is a desert, and why is Greenland a desert? 64. How much of the land surface is desert and how mucii is too arid for farming? 65. Tell about the desert in Peru, and describe in general most deserts. 66. Tell how winds change the surface features of a desert, and how far has sand from the deserts been carried by the winds? GEOGRAPHY. 23 67. What lands do we find between the deserts and the forests and explain this. 69. What name is given to them in United States and where are our grasslands? 70. What name is given to them in Eussia and teil about their grass lands. 71. What name is given to them in Venezuela and Columbia and describe the grass lands, and tell what they are called in South America. 73. How is the forest area of the earth now regulated, and where were they found in their natural state? 73. Tell about the different trees found on the mountain sides. 74. What is the government in Europe doing to preserve the forests? 75. Tell about the forests in the Temperate Zones, also those in the Torrid Zone. 76. Describe the climate and vegetation in the cold deserts. 77. Describe the climate and vegetation in the hot deserts. 78. Describe the climate and vegetation on the prairies and steppes. • 79. Describe the climate and vegetation on the savannas. 80. Tell about the temperate forests and where found. 81. Tell about the tropical forests and where found. 82. N"ame the six continents. 83. Name five important countries of each continent, spell the countries and pronounce them correctly. 84. Locate Alaska, and tell what winds toucn its southern shores and describe the rainfall. 85. Tell about the vegetation of Alaska, also about its mining industry. 86. What are your ideas as regard the advantages and dis- advantages of Alaska for the development of human life ? 87. Locate the Dominion of Canada. 88. Compare the climate of the east and west and account for the difference. 89. What about the rainfall of Canada, and tell about the northern part. 90. Describe the coast. 91. Tell about the southern part of Canada. 92. What is the leading occupation and name the leading products of Canada. 24 GEOGRAPHY. 93. Locate the United States and explain why the western and southeastern coasts are warm. 94. In what wind belt does the United States lie and what about the rain i all ? 95. In what zone is the United States, and describe the climate. 96. What is the leading occupation of United States and name the leading products. 97. What are your ideas as regard the advantages and dis- advantages of United States for the development of human life? 98. Locate Mexico, and tell about the Wind Belts affecting its climate. 99. Describe the rainfall of Mexico also its climate. 100. What can be said about the natural resources of Mexico ? 101. Tell ahout the trees and plants of Mexico, also name the leading agricultural products. 102. What are your ideas about the advantages and dis- advantages of Mexico for the development of human life? 103. Locate Central America and tell in what wind belt it lies. 104. Describe the rainfall of Central America. 105. Tell about the forests of Central America. 106. What about agriculture in Central America? 107. What are your ideas about the advantages and dis- advantages of Central America for the development of human life? 108. Tell about Brazil under the following heads: location, climate, rainfall, and forests. 109. Why is it not a favorable place for human hahitation? 110. Tell about Venezuela under the following heads : loca- tion, winds, savannas, and coffee. 111. What about its suitability for human habitation? 112. Locate Columbia. 113. In what wind belt is Columbia? 114. Tell about the seasons. 115. Tell about the vegetation, communication, and popula- tion of Columbia. 116. Why is Columbia not well suited for the development of human habitation? 117. Locate Peru. 118. What causes the strip of land between the Pacific and Andes to be a desert? 119. Describe the resjion known as Montana. GEOGRAPHY. 25 120. Tell about the vegetable products, 121. What is the chief need for human life? 122. Where is Argentina and in what wind belt does it lie? 123. Compare the rainfall in the northern part of Argentina with that farther south. 124. Where is the best part of Argentina? 125. Tell about the vegetation in the north, central and southern parts. 126. What can be said about its future population and why? 127. Locate the British Isles. 128. In what wind belt do the British Isles lie ? 129. What effect does the Gulf Stream have upon the cli- mate ? 130. Tell about the variation in rainfall. • 131. Tell about the products of the British Isles. 132. What about the adaptation of the British Isles for liuman habitation? 133. Locate Spain, and tell in what wind belt it lies. 134. Describe the rainfall. 135. Tell about the vegetation of Spain. 136. How is Spain adapted to human habitation? 137. Locate France. 138. In what wind belt does France lie and tell about the rainfall and climate. 139. Describe the vegetation. 140. What about the suitability of France to human habi- tation ? 141. Give the location of Germany and tell in what wind belt it lies. 142. Explain the rainfall. 143. Tell about the vegetation of Germany. 144. How is Germany suited to human life? 145. Locate Italy and tell in what wind belt it lies. 146. Tell about the rainfall of Italy. 147. Give an account of the climate and vegetation of Italy. 148. How is Italy suited to hum.an habitation? 149. HoAv much of the land surface of the glove is occupied by Russia, and what about its boundary? 150. Give a full account of the climate of Russia. 151. Tell about the vegetation of Russia. 152. Why is Russia not very encouraging to habitation? 153. Where is China? 154. In what wind belt does it lie? ft- 26 GEOGRAPHY. 155. 15G. 157. tation ? 158. 158. 159. tation ? IGO. 361. 162. tation ? 163. 164. What about the rainfall of China ? Describe the vegetation. What about the suitability of China for human habi- Locate Japan, and how is its climate influenced? Tell about the rainfall and vegetation of Japan. What about the suitability of Japan for human Iiabi- Locate India and tell about its rainfall. Tell about the vegetation of India. What about the suitabilitv of India to human habi- Locate Persia and tell in what wind belt it lies. Tell about the vegetation and why is it not well suited to habitation. 165. Give the location of Egypt. In what wind belt does it lie? Tell about the rainfall and the vegetation. How is Egypt suited to human habitation? Locate Abyssinia and in what wind belt does it lie? Why is it not well suited to human habitation? Locate Congo Free State and in what Avind l:>elt does 166. 167. 168. 169. 170. 171. it lie ? 172. 173. 174. 175. 176. climate. 177. 178. 179. 180. 181. 182. Tell about the vegetation and climate. How is Congo Free State suited to human liabitation? Locate Morocco and tell about its rainfall. Describe the vegetation of Morocco. Locate Cape Colony and how do the Avinds affect the Tell about the climate and vegetation of Cape Colony. In what hemisphere is Australia and in what zone? ? In what wind belt is Australia ? Tell fully about the climate including the r.iinfall. Tell about the vegetation. How is Australia adapted to human habitation? Note. — After the geography has heen gone aver hy the ques- tion mefJiod. review if hy having flie pupils rerlle on if J)y flie topics. QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- SECOND MONTH. • 1. Give the latitude and longitude of South America. 2. AVhat shape is Soufh America ? C^ompare it with Xorth America. GEOGRAPHY. 27 3. What about its extension south and what other continent is crossed by the equator? 4.^ In what hemisphere does South America lie and what about its width? 5. How long and wide is South America? 6. What countries of South America are crossed by the equator ? 7. Name the countries of South America that are wholly north of the equator, also name the countries wholly south. 8. Name all the countries of South America with their cap- itals. 9. Be able to write on the board the six continents with the area and population of each. 10. Give the direction and distance of South America from the other continents. 11. Give five advantages of the location of South America, and two disadvantages. 12. Make a list of the different parts of South America in which we find highlands and name the highlands. Also name and locate ten mountain peaks of South America, 13. Describe the great lowland plain. 14. Tell about four of the great rivers of South America and their basins. 15. Give a good topic on the "Coast of South America." 16. Name and locate five important islands found around the coast of South America. 17. What causes the heavy rainfall in the region of the Amazon Eiver, how long is the rainfall and how far does it ex- tend? 18. , Explain the rainfall in the belt of the northeast and southeast' trades. 19. Explain why the eastern slope of the Andes has a heavy rainfall while the western is dry. 20. Explain the condition that exists in the region of the zone of tropical calms, and tell why Atacama is a desert. 21. Describe the Gran Choco. 22. Explain why the Guiana lowlands have heavy rains and why such dense forests are found on the Guiana highlands. 23. Explain why the west coast of the Andes have heavy rain- fall while Patagonia on the east is dry. 24. Describe the southern part of South America. 25. What kind of climate has most of South America? 28 GEOGRAPHY. 2(3. Upon what does the dLstributioii of tenijieiatiire in youth America depend? 27. Explain why the east coast is warm. 28. Give a full description of the equatorial forests of South America. 29. Teil about the savannas Jiortli and west of the Orinoco and what are the leading products of the savannas? 30. Where is the greatest South American desert, describe it and account for the oases found there. 31. Locate and tell about the rich and poor steppe lands. 32. Give a full account of the pampas or grassy plains and their products. 33. Tell about the advantages and disadvantages of the climate of South America to human occupation. 34. Where are the regions of rainy seasons and dry seasons in South America? 35. Name the useful animals of South America, the wild animals both the small and large, also tell about the habits of the llama. 36. Make a list of ten native animals of South America, se- cure their picture, describe each aniniMl ajid give its characteristic habits. Note. — After the geographij has been gone over by the ques- tion method, review it by having the pupils recite by topics. As this month's work is very brief, review the first month's ivork by the topic method. QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- THIRD MONTH. 1. What will be the work for the third month as oritlined in the Illinois State Course? 2. What special topics uiuler each couiitiy will be given special attention? 3. Why is Brazil an agriculture country and why is most of the agriculture carried on in the east coast regions? 4. Name several of the agricultural products of Brazil. 5. Tell about the animal products of different sections of Brazil. 6. Give an account of mining in Brazil. 7. Give reasons whv manufacturing is not iin])()rtant in Brazil . 8. What are the prospects for Brazil in regard to commerce? GEOGRAPHY. 29 9. What country was interested in Brazil's commerce and name some of the leading exports. 10. What can be said in regard to the resources of Brazil? 11. What is the most enterprising state in Brazil and what can be said in regard to it? 12. Give two reasons why South America is in a backward" condition. 13. What can be said about its present development? 14. What can be said about the future possibilities of Brazil and what is the present hindrance? 15. Of what descent are the Europeans in Brazil? 16. AVhat can be said about the present population? 17. What country is sending a great many immigrants to Brazil ? 18. Describe the conditions along the coast. 19. What about the agriculture in British Guiana and what are the leading crops? 20. What has been the use of French Guiana to France? 21. Tell about gold mining in the Guianas. 22. What about manufacturing in the Guinas ? 23. What are the leading exports of the Guianas? 24. How is commerce carried on in British Guiana? 25. Describe the conditions in Dutch Guiana in regard to commerce. 26. Name four natural resources of the Guianas. 27. Give an account of the present development of the Guinas and their future possibilities. 28. Give an account of the characteristics of the people of the Guianas. 29. What are the leading agriculture products of Brazil and in what sections of Brazil are they found? 30. Locate Caracas and give a description of it. 31. Tell about the interior of Venezuela. 32. What can be said about gold mining in Venezuela ? 33. Tell about manufacturing in Venezuela. 34. ISFame the leading exports of Venezuela and with what countries is it carried on? 35. Give five of the natural resources of Venezuela. 36. What about the development of Venezuela and what about its rank among other countries of South America? 37. Describe the people of Venezuela. 38. What about aoriculture in Uruguay? 30 GEOGRAPHY. 39. Tell about grazing iu Uruguay and give an account of the animal products. 40. JS'ame the leading minerals of Uruguay. 41. What about the manufactures in Uruguay. 4:2. Name the leading exports of Uruguay. 43. Name four of the resources of Uruguay. 44. Tell about the government of Uruguay and what is her present great need ? 45. Locate Montevideo and tell about it. 46. Give an account of the characteristics of the people of Brazil. 47. What is the chief industry of Paraguay and what comes second ? 48. How about the minerals in Paraguay? 49. JSTame five of the principal manufactured articles. 50. Tell about the regular service on the steam ships be- tween the ports of the Eiver Plate and Asuncion. 51. How is communication with the interior carried on and what are the leading exports? 52. Tell about the resources of Paraguay. 53. Give an account of the present development and future possibilities of Paraguay. 54. Tell about the character of the people of Paraguay. 55. What is one of the chief industries of Argentina and tell about the leading agriculture crops of Argentina, and what is the leading port? 56. What about stock raising in Argentina? 57. Tel] about sheep raising in Argentina and tell about the homes of the shepherd. 58. Name the leading minerals of Argentina. 59. Make a list of the manufactured articles of Argentina. 60. Tell about the commerce of Argentina and name some of the leading exports. 61. Tell about the natural resources of Argentina. 62. Give an account of Buenos Aires and tell about its pres- ent development and what can be said about its future possibilities ? 63. Tell about the people of Argentina. 64. Why are not agriculture and grazing important occu- pations in Chile? 64. Describe the central Valley of Chile and where is sheep raising carried on? 65. Give a paragraph on the minerals of Chile. 66. Name the chief manufactured articles of Chile. GEOGRAPHY. 31 67. What are the leading exports of Chile? 68. By what means is commerce carried on iu Chile? 69. Tell about the resources of Chile. 70.. Tell about the present development of Chile by giving an account of her cities. 71. What can be said about the future possibilities of Chile ? 72. Give an account of the people in Chile. 73. Tell about the agriculture products of Chile and also the grazing. 74. Isi^ame the leading mineral products of Bolivia. 75. What about the manufacturing in Bolivia? 76. Why is Bolivia not a great commercial nation? 77. Name the leading exports. 78. In what two natural resources is Bolivia rich? 79. What can be said about the backward condition of some parts of Bolivia? 80. What is the capital and chief city of Bolivia? 81. - What can be said about the future possibilities of Bolivia? 82. Give a full account of the character of the people of Bolivia. 83. Why are not the natural resources of Peru developed? 84. What are the leading agriculture products of Peru? 85. Give an account of the mining and manufacturing of Peru. 86. What European countries controlled the commerce of Peru at the outbreak of the present war? 87. By what means is commerce carried on in Peru ? 88. Name the leading exports of Peru. 89. Name five natural resources of Peru. 90. Tell about the present development and future possibil- ities of Peru. 91. What is the character of the people of Peru? 92. Tell about agriculture and mining in Ecuador. 93. What can he said about the minerals of Ecuador? 94. What is the only manufactured article of Ecuador? 95. Name the leading exports of Ecuador. 96. Tell about the resources of Ecuador. 97. Tell about the present development and future possibili- ties of Ecuador. 98. Describe the people of Ecuador. 99. Tell about the leading agricultural products of Columbia, and give an account of grazing. 100. Name the leading minerals of Columbia. 32 GEOGRAPHY. 101. How does manufacturing rank iu Columbia? 102. Tell about the commerce of Columbia. 103. Give a full account of the natural resources of Columbia. 104. Tell about the present development and future possibil- ities of Columbia. 105. What people live in Columbia? 106. Each and every pupil in the class must know the map work required in the third month's work. 107. Name and locate nine of the most important cities of South America and give an account of each. 108. Each pupil in the class must be able to take this outline and fill it in on the blackboard: Agriculture Grazing Minini Manufacturing; Commerce Resources Present development Future possibilities . Character of people GEOGRAPHY. 33 QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- FOURTH MONTH. 1. Give the latitude and longitude of Europe. 2. How long aud Avide lu miies .is Europe? 3. Xanie the counines crossed by the hftieth parallel of north latitude. ■i. ^ame the countries wholly north of the Hftieth parallel of north latitude. 5. Name the countries wholly south of the fiftieth parallel of north latitude. 6. How many countries in Europe? 7. Give the table of the countries with their area aud popu- lation, 8. How far and in what direction is Europe from North America, South America, Asia and Africa? 9. Give several of the advantages of the location of Europe, aud two of the disadvantages of the location. 10. What are the advantages of Europe over North and South America and what are the disadvantages ? 11. Compare the latitude of important European countries and cities of Europe with reference to Canada and the United States. 12. Trace the primary mountain axis of Europe on your geography, and tell what mountains it includes. 13. Tell about the highlands in the north west, also in the east. Locate them on your geography. 14. Tell about the vast lowland plain, and bring in the principal river basins. Locate on your geography. 15. How long is the coast line of Europe? 16. What causes the variation in length? 17. How does this coast line compare with that of other countries ? 18. Why is Europe well adapted to commerce? 19. Name and locate on your map the great inland seas. 20. Name the leading peninsulas of Europe and locate them. 21. Tell about the islands of Europe, name them and locate them. 22. Describe the climate of Europe with reference to the westerly winds and cyclonic storms. 23. Where are the regions in Europe that are not well watered ? 24. In what way can the rainfall of Europe be compared with our own country? 34 GEOGRAPHY. 25. Why is the eastern part uf P^urupe imieh cohler than the western ? 26. What winds bring rainfall in western Europe? 27. Why is the region aronnd tfle Caspian Sea and south- eastern Eussia dry? 28. What causes the rainy winters and dry summers of the Mediterranean countries ? 29. Tell how the temperature is distributed and what effect does the latitude and ocean have upon the climate ? 30. Where are the forests of Europe and what has man done in regard to the forests? 31. Tell about the forests in the south of Europe, and de- scribe the conditions in regard to trees in southeastern Europe. 32. Describe the tundra region of Europe. 33. What can be said about the hot deserts of Europe? 34. Make a list of ten or more of Europe's wild animals and explain the scarcity of the wild animals of Europe. Note. — The work of this month is short therefore review tJie icorl- gone over in some previous month. QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- FIFTH MONTH. 1. Whv is the present war which is now raging called a "World War?" 2. What does the Illinois State Course of Study say in re- gard to this topic? - 3. Why is this previous statement true? 4. Name the three groups at war. 5. What countries are embraced in the Central Powers? 6. What country assassinated the Austrian archduke and when ? 7. What did Austria do in regard to this assassination? 8. To what did Servia not agree and how did the Austrians feel about this? 9. Who declared war first and when? 10. Give the exact words of Austria's declaration of war. 11. What step was then taken by Austria? 12. Why did Eussia enter on the side with Servia? 13. What did the Kaiser of Germany do as soon as Eussia took Tip arms against iVustria? 14. How did Eussia feel alxmt the demands made l)y the Kaiser? GEOGRAPHY. 35 15. When did the German government declare war on Eussia ? 16. What other two countries then joined the Central Powers ? 17. Xame the Allied Countries. 18. Which was the first allied country to declare war? The second ? 18. What did Germany do quick and where did her troops invade ? 19. Why did not France and England immediately move against Germany? 20. What did she do with Russia even after Austria wanted to settle the trouble? 31. Why did France grow uneasy, and tell how France was not anxious to get into the war. 23. What country next entered on the side of the Allies? 33. Tell how Belgium happened to get into the war instead of Switzerland. 24. What promises did Germany make Belgium and how did Belgium respond? 35. What demand did Great Britain make on Germany? 36. How did Germany treat Great Britain's demand? 37. When did Great Britain declare war? 38. Explain how Germany tried to blame France and Eng- land and give one of the Kaiser's most flagrant statements. 39. When did Great Britain declare war on Austria? 30. What part did Montenegro take? 31. How did Japan get into the war? 33. How is Japan helping the Allies? 33. Where did Italy really belong by the triple alliance ? 34. Why did Italy not stay as a member of the triple alliance ? 35. Explain how Italy tried to remain neutral and how did it end ? 36. Tell about the entrance of Portugal and Eoumania. 37. Tell about Wilson's message to Congress February 3, 1917, be sure to bring in how he tried to keep out. 38. What reply did Wilson receive from, his note and tell about the U-Boat pledge, and under what conditions did Ger- many say she woukl obey the rules of international war. 39. How did the President answer this note? 40. Tell about the note th&t was given to President Wilson in January, 1917. 36 GEOGRAPHY. 41. How was this in accordance with her pledge? 42. What was the message to Congress February 26, 1917? 43. Wliat was the message April 2, 1917? 44. When was war declared by the United States? 45. What about Cuba and Panama? 46. Give the position of Greece and tell how she finally joined the Allies. 47. What about Siam and Siberia? 48. What about China and Sau Marino? 49. Tell about Brazil's entrance into the war. 50. ^ame the neutral countries. 51. How have Spain and Portugal kept out of the war? 52. What position does Holland occupy with reference to the warring countries? 53. What position does Denmark occupy with reference to the warring countries and what products are sent to them. 54. WJiere are Norway and Sweden with respect to the war- ring nations and how has their commerce been affected bv the submarines ? 55. What has kept Norway and Sweden neutral? 56. How is Switzerland situated with respect to the warring countries, and how has the war affected her. and wliy does she not join the Allies? 57. How is Eussia a neutral? 58. What became of the Czar and liow was he succeeded? 59. What became of Kerensky and what was the reason that he could not defend his power? 60. Who l)roke down Kerensky's power and how wore they helped ? 61. V\']\() finally got the Eussian government? 63. What did Germany gain from the Bolsheviki ? 63. How is the government at present and what is the Eussian peojile asking of the United States? 64. Who does Prance and England think has the right to interfere ? 65. What may result from this? 66. How did the collapse of Eussia help Germany? 67. Give a full account of Eussia and tell how it may help Germany and Austria. 68. In North America what neutral country do we have? 69. Name the neutral countries of South America. 70. What neutral countries in Asia ? 71. What about llic connti'ios of Africa? GEOGRAPHY. 37 72. What condition exists now in Mexico and tell why Mexico dare not make war on the Allies. 73. Tell how Germany tried to get Mexico to make war on the United States. 74. What position does Chile and Argentina occupy with reference to the warring nations? 75. What about Bolivia, Peru, Ecuador, and Columbia in regard to the war? 76. What position does Venezuela occupy and how did Grei-many think she might get it? 77. How are the Guianas affected? 78. Why is Persia likely to stay out of the war ? 79. What about Arabia and the war? 80. Compare the countries individually and then by groups in area. 81. Compare Austria-Hungary with France, England, Italy and the United States. 82. Compare Germany with France, England, Italy, and United States. 83. How do France and Germany compare in size? 84. How much territory does Turkey have in Europe? 85. Compare Bulgaria Avith each allied country. 86. Compare Eussia with the larger countries at war. 87. Compare the Central Powers with the Entente Allies. 88. Compare the population of Austria-Hungary with that of the British Empire; with Japan. 89. How many people in Germany and Austria? 90. How many people in the United States? 91. Compare Germany and her possessions with Great Bri- tain and her possessions. 92. Compare the population of Eussia and China. 93. What is the population of the Central Powers? 94. What is the population of the Allied Powers? 95. What can be said about the man power of the Central Powers ? 96. What can be said about the man power of the Allies? 97. Where will Great Britain get her men? 98. How was the loss of Eussia offset? 99. What about the armies of the smaller countries? 100. What is the smallest state in the war? 101. What- about its influence in comparison with its size ? 102. What are the leading occupations of Austria-Hungary and Avhat are her products ? 38 GEOGRAPHY. 103. What are tlie chief eojiimereial rivers of Austria- Hungary? 104. What are the leading occupations of Germany and what are her jn'oducts? 105. What are the leading connnercial rivers of Germany? 106. What two of the Balkan States are Allies of Germany and what three are Entente Allies? 107. What about the surface and roads of the Balkan States? 108. What about the people of Bulgaria and what are the conditions in Turkey? 109. What are the leading ocrupations of the Balkan States? 110. What about Servia and her products? 111. What are the products of Servia and Bulgaria? 113. Wliat about the foreign trade of Turkey and what are her products? 113. We will now take up the countries of the Allies. 114. Tell about the climate, forest products, animal products and vegetable products of Eussia. 115. Tell about England and her possessions under the fol- lowing heads : location, highlands, and products. 116. Locate France and tell about her plains and plateaus, products, and commerce. 117. What minerals in Belgium and what are her leading products ? 118. How many islands in Japan? 119. What about her climate and products? 120. How is Japan prepared for war? 121. Locate Italy and tell about it under the following heads: surface, coast line, and products. 122. Tell about Portugal and her products. 123. In what ways is the United States the richest country in the world ? 124. What are the products of Cuba and Panama? 125. Tell about the people of Greece and its products. 126. Describe China under the following heads: surface, rivers, canals, oc-cupations, and products. 127. Locate Brazil and speak of its size in comparison with Europe. 128. Give the products of Brazil in the different sections. XoTE. — After this month's work m geography has been gone aver hi/ thie question method, review it hy halving the '[mpils recite by topics. GEOGRAPHY. 39 QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- SIXTH MONTH. 1. What countries of Europe will be studied during the sixth month ? 2. What can be said about the population of ihe British Isles and what are the leading occupations? 3. Describe the condition of their army when the war broke out and tell how the ranks were soon filled. 4. Describe the government of Great Britain. 5. Who is the nominal head of the government and who is the executive head ? 6. Who is the present ruler? 7. Name the leading agriculture products and tell where grown. 8. In what mineral is Scotland rich and how long has it been mined? 9. Tell about the iron of Scotland. 10. Speak of the importance of Birmingham and Leeds. 11. Tell ahoiit the coal of Wales, and the thickness of the coal seams in Great Britain, and the amount of coal still avail- able in British coal fields. 12. What industry has caused the large towns in the British Isles ? 13. Upon what two things have the manufacturers depended? 14. What has caused the importance of Barrow and Mid- dlesborough? 15. Why is Birmingham important and what other products are important? 16. For what is Manchester noted? 17. Why are the Clyde and Tyne important? 18. Name and locate seven important manufacturing cities. 19. Locate Cornwall and tell why it is especially important. 20. Name the leading imports of the British Isles. 21. Tell about the commerce of the British Isles. 22. Name five of the leading commercial cities of the British Isles. 23. Describe the methods of transportation in the British Isles. 24. Describe the life of the French people : speak of their bravery, occupations, products, peasants, losses during this war, form of government, churches, and schools. 25. What about the agriculture of France and name the leading agricultural products. 40 GEOGRAPHY. 2i). Tell about tlie iiiiuiiig oi' France. 27. Give an account of the manufacturing and name the leading manufactured articles. 28. Tell about the commerce of France, and name the lead- ing commercial ports. 29. What methods of transportation has France? 30. Tell how the Belgium has attracted the eyes of the world. ;J1. Who holds the land of Belgium ? 32. Tell how the people of the Xorth and South differ. 33. Tell about King Albert. 34. What is the leading occupation of Belgium ? 35. What are the products of Belgium? 3G. Tell about the dense population and the importation of food stuffs. 37. Describe the climate of Belgium. 38. What minerals are found in Belgium? 39. Tell about the manufacturing in Belgium. 40. Give five important sentences about Antwerp. 41. What methods of transportation has Belgium? 42. Tell about the people of Holland. 43. Describe the government of Holland and give an account of Queen Wilhelmina. 44. What about the education in Holland and for what are the Holland people noted? 45. To what people are they related. 46. Tell about the agriculture of Holland and ]iame the leading agriculture products. 47. WTiat can be said about the mining of Holland? 48. Name the leading nninufactured articles. 49. With what countries is commerce carried on? 50. Compare the exports with the imports of Holland. 51. What facilities has Holland for commerce? 52. Tell about her foreign commerce. 53. Tell about Holland's methods of transportation. 54. For what are Rotterdam, Harlingen, and Amsterdam noted ? 55. Tell about the life of the people of Denmark. 56. What are the occupations of the people of Denmark? 57. Wliat are the leading products? 58. Describe the people of Denmark in general. 59. Give an account of the mining and manufacturing of Denmark. GEOGRAPHY. 41 GO. Tell about the commerce of Demiiark and name some of the leading exports and imports. 61. What methods of transportation does Denmark have? 62. Describe the people of Norway. 63. Tell about the government, religion, education, and emi- gration of the people of Norway. 64. Tell about the climate of Norway and what are the lead- ing products, also what is the leading occupation? 65. Give an account of the mining and manufacturing of Norway. 66. Tell how the Scandinavian peninsula has been favored by nature in regard to commerce. 67. Give an account of the methods of transportation. 68. Tell about the life of the people of Sweden. 69. What can be said about agriculture in Sweden and tell about the animal products. 70. Gi\"e an account of mining and manufacturing in Sweden. 71. Tell about the commercial advantages of Sweden, the roads and canals. 72. What methods of transportation has Sweden? 73. Locate on the British Isles and tell why important : Glas- gow, Aberdeen, Edinburg, Liverpool, Manchester, New Castle, London, Soiithampton, Cardiff, Bristol, Queenstown. 74. Locate on France and tell why important : Paris, Havre, Eouen, Brest, Orleans, Bordeaux, St. Etienne, Marseilles. 75. Locate on Belgium and tell why important: Brussels, Waterloo, Eamillies, Antwerp, Ligny, Liege. 76. Locate on Holland and tell why important : The Hague, Amsterdam, Eotterdam, Leyclen, Utrecht. 77. Locate on Denmark and tell why important: Copen- hagen, Aarhuus, dense, Aalborg, Esbjerg. 78. Locate on Norway and tell why important : Christiania, Bergen, Trondhjem, Hammerfest. "79. Locate on Sweden and tell why important: Stockholm, Goteborg, Malmo, Norrkoping, Venersborg and Lidkoping, Carls- borg. Note. — After this month's luorh has been gone over by the- question method, review it by the topic method. 42 GEOGRAPHY. QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- SEVENTH MONTH. 1. What countries of Europe are to be studied during the seventh montli? 2. Describe the German people and tell what are the lead- ing occupations of this country. 3. Speak of the German school system. 4. Tell about the German form of government, their ruler and their law making bodies. 5. Tell about the German military system. 6. Tell about the domineering of the German people by their government. 7. What is the leading occupation of Germany? 8. Name the leading forest trees of Germany. 9. What can be said about the land of Germany as a wiiole and what per cent of the people are farmers? 10. What are the chief grain crops of Germany? 11. What use is made of the beet and what cities are especially known for this industry? 12. Tell about the live stock of Germany. 13. Give a full account of mining in Germany. 14. Tell about manufacturing in Germany and make a list of the manufactured articles. 15. Tell about the commerce of Germany, and name the leading exports. 16. What methods of transportation has Germany and name some of the leading seaports. 17. Where is Luxemburg and how large is it? 18. WHiat people live in Luxemburg? 19. What languages are spoken in Luxemburg? 20. Describe its government. 21. Tell about the passing of the German army through Luxemburg. 22. Give an account of the agriculture of Luxem1)urg ; of the mining. 23. What can be said about the manufacturing and coan- merce of Luxemburg? 24. What can be said about the transportation in Luxem- Inirg ? 25. What different races of people live in Austria-Hungary? 26. What is the result of this mixture of races of people? 27. What can be said about education in Germany? GEOGRAPHY. 43 2S. Give a full account of agriculture and the agricultural products of Germany. 2S. Name the leading minerals of Austria-Hungary^ also the leading manufactured articles. 2y. Tell about the commerce of Austria-Hungary and name the leading exports. 30. What are the methods of transportation in Germany ? 31. Tell about the life of the people in Switzerland. 32. AVhat attention is paid to education in Switzerland? 33. Give an accoimt of the government of Switzerland. 34. What are the leading occupations followed in the low- lands of Switzerland? 35. What occupations in the highlands? 36. Name five agriculture products of Switzerland. 37. What can be said about mining in Switzerland? 38. Give a full account of manufacturing in Switzerland. 39. Why has Switzerland such a large commerce? 40. Tell about the means of transportation including the mountain passes of- Switzerland. 41. Tell about the life of the people of Greece and speak of their education. 42. In what lines does Greece lead the other countries ? 43. What is the leading occupation of Greece and name the leading agriculture products. 44. Tell about the minerals of Greece. 45. Why is not manufacturing important in Greece? 46. Why is commerce important? 47. What can be said about the methods of transportation? 48. Tell about the people in the Balkan states. 49. What are the leading industries and Avhat about educa- tion in these states? 50. Tell how the people of the Balkan States are becoming more and more independent. 51. What are the products of Turkey? What occupation is followed in Bulgaria ancl Eoumania and what products are raised? 52. What can be said about the commerce of the Balkan States and what are some of the exports? 53. What about the progress of Turkey and what are her leading exports? 54. Tell about the methods of transportation of the Balkan States and give the real reason why it is so poor. 55. Tell about the raining and manufacturing of the Balkan States. 44 GEOGRAPHY. 56. Locate the following cities and tell why important : Ber- lin, Hamburg, Bremen, Cologne, Frankfort, Stra.sburg, Munich, Danzig, Stettin, Konigsberg, Lubeck, 57. Locate the following cities and tell why important : Lux- emburg, Vienna, Trieste, Buda Pesth, Lemberg, Prague. 58. Locate the following cities and tell why hnportaut: Zurich, Geneva, Basle, Berne, Lausanne, Lucerne. 59. Locate the following cities and tell why important : Athens, Corinth, Argos, Larissa, Valos, Sparta, Thebes. 60. Locate the following cities and tell Mdiy important: Cettinje, Belgrade, Bucharest, Sofia, Constantinople. 61. Explain fully the dangers to the world should Germany win this war. Note. — After the ivorl- of this month, lia>^ been gone over I)y the question method, review it t)y assigning pupils topics to talk about, such as "The Cities of France" or "The Commerce of France," etc. QUESTIONS ON GEOGRAPHY, SEVENTH YEAR- EIGHTH MONTH. 1. What countries of Europe will be studied during the eighth month? 2. What can be said about the Spaniards and their former greatness ? 3. What might be given as the cause of her losing her former greatness ? 4. AVhat countries still use the Spanish language? 5. Tell about the agriculture in the river valleys of south- ern Spain. 6. Speak of the forests of Southern Spain. 7. Why do we rank Spain highly as a mining country and name her leading minerals. ublic debt funded? 34. What did Hamilton think about a U. S. bank? 25. Why did the Federalists favor the measure and the Anti- Federalists oppose it? 26. How did Hamilton think he could l)ring this under the Constitution? 27. Eead Article I, Section VII, Clause 18. HISTORY. 77 2S. W hat did the Auti-Federalists think about stretching this clause ? 29. Wlio was victorious and when was the first U. S. Bank chartered and for how long? 30. Tell about the excise or internal revenue tax and give the object of it. 31. Tell about the whiskey insurrection and how was this trouble settled and what lesson did it teach the people? 33. When did the Federalist Party arise, wIk, were its lead- ers, and what measures did it favor and oppose? 33. When did the Anti-Federalists Party arise, who were its leaders, and what measures did it favor and oppose, and when -was the only time the two parties agree? 33. When did the Eepublican party arise and it was the out- growth of what party? 34. What did the Anti-Federalists or Pepublicans think of Hamilton's financial policy? 35. Tell how each party understood the Constitution. 36. What was the difference in the views of the Eepublicans and Federalists in regard to the "classes" who should control "'the government ? 37. What was Jefferson's idea in regard to the common people ? 38. Give the different views of the Political Parties toward the French Eevolution. 39. How did Washington decide the trouble? 40. Give Washington's proclamation of neutrality. 41. Who was Genet and how was he received on his arrival in America? 42. What did Genet do for his country? 43. How did Washington treat Genet? 44. What complaint did England have against America and what was America's complaint against England? 45. Tell about Jay's treaty. 46. Why were the Indians aroused against the whites and who was sent against them and what was the result? 47. Tell about the expedition against the Indians by St. Clair. 48. Give an account of "Mad Anthony Wayne" and the Indians. 49. Tell about the treaty of peace with the Indians and M^hat land was arained for the whites? 78 HISTORY. aU. Tell about the treaty -between the United States and Spain and the right of de^josit at A'ew Orleans. 51. Give an aeeount ol Washington's Jbarewell Address. 52. Tell about the eieetion of liUO. 53. Tell about the beginning of the eustoni not more than two terms for one president. 54. Give the length of the term of John Adams. 55. Plow did the ratihcation of Jay's treaty alfect France and who did Washington send as minister to succeed James Monroe ? 5G. How did the Directory now in control of France treat Pinckney ? 57. How did our president and Congress feel about this and what was done in order to prevent war? 58. How were the lasts three men who were sent to France treated and what did Talleyrand do? 51). What was the meaning of H. Y. Z. and what demand did they make on United States? (iO. What did Congress think about these demands? 61. Tell about our preparations for war with France. G3. What about the trouble between the Constellation and the L' Insurgente? 63. What was promised ijy Tallyraiid. and Avhat men were sent to France? 64. -Tell about the treaty of peace between the United States and France. 65. When were the Alien and Sedition laws passed? 66. What were the Alien and Naturalization laws? 67. Why did president Adams want the Alien law? 68. What was the Sedition law. and why was president Adams in favor of this law? 69. What were the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions? 70. Tell about the presidental election of 1800. 71. Tell about the downfall of the Federalist Party. 72. Give the boundaries and tlie area of the United States as they were in 1800. 73. Tell abovit our most important industries at that time. 74. Give an account of our ex]iorts in 1800. 75. What was our greatest hinderaiice to development in 1800? 76. With what foreign country and what islands were we carrvino- on trade in 1800 ? HISTORY. 79 77. Tell about our population in 1800 and tell how it was scatterea over the United States. 78. What were our large cities in 1800 ? 79. Give an account of our educational system in 1800. 80. Grive the different kinds of occupations by which people made a living. 81. Give an account of the contrast between the industrial life of the North and South. Note. — After this month's work has been gone over by the question method, review it by having pupils recite by topics. GRAMMAR. QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- FIRST MONTH. 1, Define a sentence and as to meaning how are sentences classilied 'i 2. Define declarative sentence and give an example. . 3. How should every declarative sentence close? 4. Define interrogative sentence and give an example. 5. Define imperative sentence and give an example. 6. Bring Exercise I on classification of sentences to the ■class. 7. Define affirmative and negative sentences, and give five examples of each. 8. What can be said about the double negative? 9. Give two sentences each containing a double negative; restate the sentence and omit one of the negatives. 10. Name eight negatives. 11. Write out Exercise 11 and bring it to the class. 12. Distinguish between a subject of fli ought and the subject of thouglit. 13. Give an example of a subject of thought and use it as the subject of thought. 14. Bring Exercise III written to the class. 15. Define subject, predicate, and copula ; give a sentence and underline these three essentials. 16. What are these words called wldch names the subjects of thought? Give examples. 17. What are these words called which assert? Give ex- amples. 18. Name several pronouns which can be used as the subject of thought and write them in sentences. 19. What is meant by the complete subject? 20. Give a sentence and underline the complete subject. 21. AVhat is meant by the complete predicate? 22. Give a sentence and underline the complete predicate. 23. What do you imderstand by "an inverted sentence? Give an example. 24. How can we find the subject in an inverted sentence? Give an example. GRAMMAR. 81 2o. How can we find the subject in interrogative sentences? Give an example. 26. Bring Exercise IV written to the class. 37. What are the two parts every sentence must contain? 38. How does a clause differ from a sentence? 39. Give ten clauses and form each clause into a sentence. 30. Define phrase and name ten phrases. 31. Work out Exercise V and VI. 33. What can be said about the misuse of lie^ sit, and rise? 33. Define lie, sit, and rise, and tell to what part of speech they belong. 34. Give the principal parts of lie, sit, and rise, and what is meant by the principal parts of verbs? 35. Use the principal parts of lie, sit, and rise correctly in sentences. 36. Write out Exercise VII. 37. When do we use "may" and "can?" 38. Use "may" and "can" iu sentences. 39. Fill the blanks in Exercise VIII and bring them to the class. 40. What can be said about the distinct enunciation of final "d," "t's" and "g's" and the correct pronunciation of short vowels ? 41. Pronounce the words correctly in Exercise IX. 43. What can be said about the double negative? 43. Correct the sentences in Exercise X. 44. When should "like" be used? Give examples. 45. What form of pronoun should be used after "like" in phrases? Give examples. 46. What can be said about the use of "like" as a clause in- troduction? Give examples. 47. Check out the incorrect word in Exercise XL 48. Be able to write the twenty-two rules for the formation of plurals and give examples for each rule (make two lessons of this). 51. How is the plural possessive of nouns formed? Give examples. 53. Bring Exercise XII written to the cla?s. 53. Name the possessive forms of pronouns. 54. What mistake is often made in writing the possessive of pronouns? 55. Bring Exercise XIV written to the class. 56. Name several phrases that might be mistaken for sen- tences and several clauses that mio;lit be mistaken for sentences. 82 GRAMMAR. 57. Bring Exercise X\' written to the class. 58. \\'liat is a '"run-on" sentence? Give examples. 5'J. Correct the "run-on" sentences which you have written. GU. Some member ol tiie class is to go to the board and put on a theme on the subject, "How 1 happened to be late at school," The classmates and teacher will help you find the "run-on" sen- tences. 61. What can be said aljout the right hand margin of your composition ? 62. Where only are words at the end of a line to be divided? Give examples. 63. Divide the list of words under this rule into syllables. 64. What is the special aim of this month's composition ? 65. Upon what does success in composition depend? G6. Explain what is meant by a "large subject" and a "small subject." 67. Give some points about "sticking to the point" in com- position. 68. What is meant by "clear order" in composition? Give examples. 69. What details should be given in composition? 70. What is meant by "freedom" in composition? 71. Explain what is meant by "sincerity" in composition. 72. When do we use narration in composition? 73. What is included under the term "narratives"? 74. What is an annecdote? 75. What do "personal experiences" include and what ones are worth telling? 76. What can be said about reproducing stories? 77. Write a composition on one of the subjects given in your grammar under personal experiences ; write on one side of the paper only ; be careful about your margin — ^liave at least one inch on the left hand and at least one-half inch on right hand and keep the right hand margin straight. Indent the first line about half an inch from the margin line; fold your composition the long way of the paper ; write your name on the outside after the paper is foldad. Hand it to your teacher for correction. After it has been corrected, rewrite it, and hand it back to the teacher for safe keeping. Be clean and neat with your paper. Eemember : "Neatness charms." 78. Procure a copy of "How they brought the good news from Aix to Ghent." Eead it. Eeproduce it from a new point of view. GRAMMAR. 83 79. Choose at least one of the subjects under Exercise XVII and reproduce it from a new point of view. 80. What is really the most practical kind of composition and when do we use this? 81. Choose one of the subjects given in your grammar undei' "explanation" and write on it. 82. What is exposition and when do we use this form of composition ? 83. Write an exposition. 84. Give some points about a friendly letter, study the model in your grammar, then Avrite a friendly letter. Make an envelope for it and address it. Hand this to jouv teacher for correction. 85. Give seven points for the teacher to watch when she grades a composition paper. QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- SECOND MONTH. 1. W'hat is meant by the bare subject or the subject sub- stantive ? 2. Give example of sentences and explain what is meant by "bare subject." 3. Write out Exercise I and bring to the class. Count your mistakes. 4. What two elements are essential to every predicate? 5. Define predicate attribute and copula, give a sentence to show this. 6. What can be said about the copula and attribute being united in one verb ? Give an example. 7. What do we mean by the complete predicate and the bare predicate? 8. Give a sentence and show Avhat is meant by the com- ]51ete predicate and bare predicate. 9. Write out Exercise II and bring to the class. Count your mistakes. 10. Tell about the forms of the copula" and give examples. 11. Name the essential elements of every sentence. • 12. Name at least eight different ideas expressed by predi- cate attributes. ITse the predicate attributes in sentences. 13. Write out Exericse III and bring to the class. 14. Work out Exercise IV. 15. What can be said about the difficulty of finding the essential elements of a sentence, when the sentence begins with 84 GRAMMAR. "There is" or '"Tliej'u are," and what shoukl be done with such sentences ? 16. Name five common verbs which are often misused. 17. Give the principal parts of set, raise, lay, ring, and sing. 18. What does "set" mean? 19. What does "raise" mean? 20. What does "lay" mean? 21. Write the sentences called for in Exercise V. 22. When should we use "There are" and "There is"? 23. Fill the blanks in Exercise VI and bring them to the class for correction. 24. Work out Exercise VII. 25. Tell how we often mispronounce "copula" and "ath- letics"; also name other words which are commonly mispro- nounced. 26. Eeview all the rules for the formation of plurals as given in the first month's work. 27. Write the plurals of the words given in Exercise VIII. 28. What is the "run-on" sentence? 29. Correct the sentences given in Exercise IX. 30. Spell the possessive plurals of boy, girl, lady, James, child, enemy, sister-in-law, father, uncle, brother, tornado, glass, story, glory, whiff, sash. 31. What point was emphasized in composition during the first month? 32. Why should we use a small subject? 33. What details should be used in our composition? 34. Read the composition "How I Caught My First Fish" and notice that it is a short theme and contains definite sug- gestive details. 35. We are to study narratives this month. Use one of the subjects suggested and write a composition on it. 36. Explanation is to occupy part of this month's composi- tion and it is of great practical importance. 37. Why are proverbs valuable? 38. A list of proverbs are given in your grammar; use at least two of them and write an explanation of them. Notice the model given in your grammar on "A Eolling Stone Gathers no Moss." 39. Work out Exercise X. 40. What is meant by descriptive composition? GRAMMAR. 85 ■il. Xame some subjects which boys and girls might like to write about for descriptive composition. 42. Eead the short description given in your grammar. J^otice that there is a good deal of motion to it. 43. Work out Exercise XI. 44. Xame the eight parts of a business letter and what does each part include ? 4-5. Xame ten rules to be observed in writing business let- ters. 46. Xotice the model business letter in your grammar, be careful to notice the punctuation. 47. What about closing a letter with "Yours," "Cordially yours," '^'Fraternally yours," and "Eespectfully yours"? 48. What can be said about omitting the subject pronouns in the body of a composition? 49. What can be said about illegible signature, and about a person's signature not always being the same? 50. Write two or more of the business letters in Exercise XII ; hand them to your teacher for correction. XoTE. — lliis month's worh is very brief, therefore, you will ha^e time to review the questions on the first month's worh. QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- THIRD MONTH. 1. Define noun and give examples. 3. What other name besides predicate attribute when the noun is so used? 3. Write a sentence containing a noun as the subject and a noun used as the predicate attribute. 4. W^rite out Exercise I and bring it to the class, exchange papers with your class mates, and deduct one per cent for each error or omission. 5. What are the two general classes of nouns? 6. Define common and proper nouns and give examples of each. 7. Work out Exercise II on paper; exchange with your class mates, and deduct two per cent for each error or omission. 8. What is the general rule in regard to writing proper nouns ? 9. Give ten rules for the use of capital letters. 10. Write out Exercises III and IV. 11. Define and illustrate singular and plural number. 86 GRAMMAR. 12. Give ten rules with illustrations in regard to formation of plurals. 13. Write out Exercise V. 14. Write out Exercise VI. 15. What is a collective noun and give examples. IC. When is a collective noun singular and when plural? 17. What are the three leading classes of common nouns? 18. Define abstract nouns and give examples. 19. Define verbal nouns and give examples. 20. Select the collective, abstract, and verbal nouns in Exer- cise VII. If you find any nouns in this exercise that do not come under these three classes, call them class nouns. 21. Work out Exercise VIII. 22. Define pronoun and give examples. 23. What is a personal pronoun and give examples? 24. What is an interrogative pronoun and give examples? 25. What are the indefinite pronouns and give examples? 26. Write out Exercise IX. 27. In what two ways can the pronoun be used? 28. Give a sentence which contains a pronoun used as the subject; a sentence where the pronoun is used as the predicate attribute. 29. Write out Exercise X. 30. When is a noun or pronoun in the nominative case? Give examples. 31. Xame all the nominative forms of pronouns. 32. Define gender. 33. Name, define, and give examples of the four genders. 34. Tell about the need of the pronoun "lie" and give exam- ples of this need. 35. Define number, singular and plural. Give examples. 36. Decline all the simple personal pronouns. 37. Name some pronouns that are always singular and some that are always plural. 38. Explain the agreement of a pronoun. 39. Write out Exercise XI. 40. Correct the friendly letter in your grammar. 41. Spell the plurals given in your grammar. 42. Fill the blanks with nominative case forms of pronouns. 43. What do we do if an indefinite pronoun is used as an antecedent— that is — in regard to the gender, person and number ? 44. Write out Exercise XII. GRAMMAR. 87 45. Tell about the wrong pronoun form for the subject and predicate attribute. 46. Give ,the order of courtes}- in a compound subject. 47. Write out exercise XIII. 48. What is mean by a redundant subject? 49. Write sentences containing a redundant subject. Cor- rect the sentences you have written. 50. What does the State Course of Study say in regard to a pronoun and its antecedent? 51. Fill the blanks in Exercise XIV. 52. Choose the correct form of the pronoun in Exercise XV. 53. Eeview carefully the rules for the capitalization of nouns. 54. What about the writing of names of companies, political parties, and religious denominations? 55. How should we unite subjects of study, names of dis- eases, names of seasons, names of directions, and particular parts of our country? 56. Write out Exercise XVI. 57. Eeview carefully the rules for spelling plurals. 58. Write the plurals of the nouns in Exercise XVII. 59. Write the plurals for the nouns in Exercise XVIII. 60. Learn the plurals of the following words : axis, analysis, alumnus, beau, focus, cherub, gymnasium, stamen, datum, dia- eresis, ellipsis, larva, madam, monsieur, parenthesis, phenomenon, radius, vertebra, formula, vertex. 61. How is formal dialogue written? 62. Examine closely the example in your grammar of a formal dialogue between a doctor and his patient. 63. In what other style can a dialogue be written? • 64. How should a quotation begin and how should it be punctuated ? 65. How should a conversation be paragraphed? 66. Write out Exercise XIX. 67. What are the two kinds of questions and how are they punctuated ? 68. Write out Exercise XX. 69. Tell hew the word of address should be punctuated. 70. Punctuate the sentences in Exercise XXI. 71. What work will be taken up in composition during the third month ? 72. What is the aim this month ? 88 GRAMMAR. 73. Notice the punctuation and paragraphing of the theme, "A Street Car Conductor and a Foreigner.'' 74. Select one of the subjects under Exeroise XXII and write a conversation. Have your teacher correct it. 75. Tell how we can make descriptive composition inter- esting. 76. Notice the description of the "House of Van Tassal"; also the description of a person. 77. Choose one of the subjects in your grammar for effective description and write about it. 78. Define dialog-ue, and tell how it can be either dramatic . or narrative. 7 9. Read the dialogue "A Dentist and His Patient." Notice the paragraphing and the punctuation. SO. Write a dialogue or conversation from one of the sub- jects in Exercise XXIII. 81. What is exposition and when do we use this form of discourse ? 83. Write an exposition on one of the subjects given under Exercise XXIV. 83. Give several points to be observed in writing a friendly letter. 84. Give different forms of salutation for a friendly letter. 85. How is the word "dear" to be written? 80. Give different forms of closing phrases for a friendly letter. 87. What about writing the signature to a friendly letter? 88. What about omitting the pronoun subjects in the body of the letter? 89. What about excuses and apologies and worn out expres- sions ? 90. Tell about the end punctuation of the parts of a letter. 91. Write a social letter and be very careful about punctua- tion and indentation and margin. Fold your letter, put it in an envelope and address it. 93. Write out Exercise XXV. 93. Tell how the formal note should be written. 94. Write an invitation in the third person, also a reply accepting and a reply declining. GRAMMAR. 89 QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- FOURTH MONTH. 1. What is a verb and what about the copula especially when it is more than one word? 2. Define the copulative and attributive verb and give exam- ples. 3. What ideas may the copula express and write sentences to illustrate. 4. Write out Exercise I, bring it to class to exchange with your classmates. Deduct five per cent for each error. ' 5. Write five sentences to show the verb used merely as a copula. 6. Wjite five sentences to show that the verb contains both the copula and predicate attribute. 7. Write five sentences to show that the verb shows present time and five to show that it expresses past time, 8. How is future time expressed? 9. Name twenty-three troublesome verbs and give their past tense. 10. Work out Exercise III. 11. Show that a verb must ag-ree with its subject also that a plural subject requires a plural verb. Illustrate. 12. Show that two or more subjects connected by or or nor when they differ in person and number? Illustrate. 14. What form of the verb is used when two or more sub- jects are connected by midf Illustrate. 15. When is a singular verb used with two or more subjects connected by andf Illustrate. 16. What form of the verb is used when it precedes a number of subjects connected by andtf Illustrate. 17. What form of the verb is used if two or more subjects are connected by as well as, also, and too? Illustrate. 18. What form of the verb is used is the subject is singular and then followed by a modifier containing a noun or pronoun in the plural ? Illustrate. 19. What form of verb is used with collective nouns? 20. How is the present tense, third person singular formed? Grive example of this. 21. What can be said about the verb '^e"? Give examples. 22. Write out Exercise TV. 23. When should "don't'^ be used and when should doesn't? Give examples. 90 GRAMMAR. 24. Write in sentences as copulative verbs : look, taste, become, feel, grow, appear and smell. 35. Write in sentences as attributive verbs : look, taste, become, feel, grow, appear, and smell. 26. Write out Exercise V. 27. Eeview the troublesome verbs and to the list add such as plead, prove. 28. Learn the past tense of the verbs in Exercise VI. 29. What can be said about sentences beginning with There is and There are? 30. Write out Exercise YII and VIII. 31. What can be said about the agreement of the verb with the substantives, eveiybody, anybod}^ nobody, none, one, anyone, everyone, each, every, somebody? 32. Write out Exercise IX. 33. What can be said about "Habits of Speech"? 34. Cboose the correct form of the verb in Exercise X. 35. What can be said about the mistakes that are made in the simple present and past tense forms? Illustrate. 36. Bring Exercise XI to the class. 37. Explain clearly how a divided quotation should be punctuated and illustrate. 38. What about the use of the capital letter in the second half of the divided quotation? Illustrate. 39. Suppose the second half of the divided quotation begins Avith a new sentence. Illustrate. 40. Punctuate the sentences in Exercise XII. 41. Tell how to spell the present tense, third person, sin- gular forms of verbes ending in "v." Give examples of this. 42. What about a few common verbs ending in "y" pre- ceded by a vowel? Illustrate. 43. Make sentences as called for in Exercise XIII. 44. Tell about interest in composition through suggestive openings. 45. Give a number of beginnings as suggested by the State Course of Study. 46. Write a story as" suggested in Exercise XIV. 47. Tell about narratives of personal experiences, and write about one of the subjects suggested. 48. Complete the story for each of the three beginnings as suggested in your grammar. Hand them to your teacher for correction. GRAMMAR. 91 49. Eead the naiTative dialogue between "Jack and a Prospective Tenant." 50. Write a narrative dialogue as. suggested in Exercise XVI. 51. Punctuate the sentences in Exercise XVII. 52. Write a letter of application. 53. Write at least two letters as suggested in Exercise XVIII. QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- FIFTH MONTH. 1. Explain transitive action and illustrate with sentences. 2. Write sentences showing that ideas of possession, lack, need, and obligation are transitive. 3. What are the classes of attributive verbs? Illustrate. 4. What is the only class of copulative verbs? Illustrate. 5. Write out Exercise I. 6. Tell about the essential elements of sentences, and show how all sentences have three parts and some four and five parts. 7. Write out Exercise 11. 8. Explain the Indirect object and work out Exercises III and IV. . 9. Name several pronouns which are in the objective case. 10. Select the coiTect form of the pronouns in Exercise V. 11. Explain the predicate attribute of the object and illus- trate. 12. Write out Exercise VI, VII and VIII. 13. Write sentences containing the intransitive verbs lie, sit, and rise, and the transitive verbs lay, set, and raise. 14. Explain how the following sentences are transitive. 1. The floor was laid by the carpenter. 2. The stake was set by the- man. 15. Name a list of troublesome verbs and give their prin- cipal parts. 16. Write out Exercise IX. 17. Choose the correct form of the verb in Exercise X and XI. 18. What does 'Tiabit of speech" mean? 19. Write out Exercise XII. 20. Draw a line through the incorrect case form of the pronoun used in the twenty sentences given in your grammar. 21. Tell how we should eliminate the nominative case of 92 GRAMMAR. pronoims when we should use the objective case. Show by giving sentences. 22. Write out Exercises XIII and XIV. 23. Tell how we often mispronounce words through care- lessness. 24. Do the work required in Exercise XV. 25. What is the aim to be worked for in the fifth month's composition and how is this brought about? 26. Write out Exercise XVI. 27. What kinds of compositions will be studied this month? 28. Eead the examples which are given in regard to a de- scription of a person, description of a man and animal. 29. What causes much of our dialogue and conversation to become dull and how can this be remedied? 30. Give a list of substitutes that can be used instead of "said he" 31. Eead the conversation on "A Picture Show." 32. Write a conversation on one of the subjects mentioned in Exercise XVII. 33. Use a magazine story as suggested in Exercise XVIII. 34. What causes friendly letters to be interesting and how can we add to this interest? 35. Write at least three of the friendly letters suggested in your grammar. 36. Write the letter as suggested in Exercise XIX. QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- SIXTH MONTH. 1. Explain the difference between verb and verbal. 2. What are the three different classes of verbals? 3. Define participle and explain how it is part verb and part adjective. 4. Define infinitive and explain how it is part verb and part noun. 5. Define gerund. 6. What is a verb phrase? 7. Select the verb phrases in Exercise I. 8. What tense forms of the verb are always used as verbs and what ones used as parts of the verb phrase? 9. Name several troublesome verbals from the troublesome verbs. Give examples of how these help to make up verb phrases. GRAMMAR. 93 10. Write sentences as suggested by Exercise II. 11. For verb phrase by using the following verbals from the following verbs : lie, rise, sit, see, and do. 13. What are the four classes of verb phrases? 13. Define copulative, attributive, transitive, and intransi- tive verb phrases. Illustrate each with a sentence. 14. Work out Exercise III and bring to the class for cor- rection. 15. Of what is the verb phrase composed? Illustrate. 16. Explain verbals as far as they enter into the composi- tion of a verb phrase. 17. Work out Exercises IV and V. 18. Work out Exercise VI. 19. What is meant by the principal parts of verbs? 20. Give the principal parts of the verbs in Exercise VII. - 21. What is meant by strong and weak conjugation? 22. Give the principal parts of lie, sit, and rise and how can you tell that they are verbs of the old conjugation? 23. How do we analyze sentences? 24. What must be given under classification and what under essential elements? 25. Analyze the sentences under Exercise IX and use the model given in your grammar as closely as possible. 26. Parse the nouns, pronouns, and verbs under Exercise X according to the model in your grammar. 27. What can be said about the mistakes made in the use of verbs? Give examples. 28. Give the principal parts of the troublesome verbs listed in your grammar, and also name some verbs of the new conjuga- tion that also give trouble. 29. Write out Exercises XI and XII and XIII. 30. What can be said about "Habits of Speech" in this month's grammar? 31. Write out Exercise XIV. 32. Tell about the correct use of "has" and "have" in verb phrases. 33. Write the sentences as suggested in Exercise XV. 34. Give the rule for spelling the past tense and past par- ticiples of verbs. 35. Tell how to spell the gerund forms. 36. Work out Exercise XVI. 37. Tell how to form the past tense and past participles of verbs ending in cvy. 94 GRAMMAR. 38. Write out Exercise XVII. 39. What is the aim of this month's composition work? 40. Why is much of our writing not clear, and give sen- tences to explain what is meant by this? 41. Do the work required in Exercise XVIII. 42. Tell how we can secure clearness in the use of hring^ take, come, go, hreak, and burst. 43. Work out Exercise XIX. 44. What kind of composition is to be taken up this month? 45. What can be said about clearness in explanation? 46. Write out Exercise XX. 47. Eead the analysis of the sentence given. Is it clear to you? 48. Do the work required in Exercise XXI. 49. What can be said about incidents bringing in the words bring, take, come, go, break, and burst? 50. Do the work required in Exercise XXII. 51. Tell about business letters with special reference to clearness. 52. Write at least two of the letters required in Exercise XXII. QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- SEVENTH MONTH. 1. What are the three time periods? 2. How is the present verb phrase made and for what pur- pose is it used? 3. W>ite a list of present verb phrases. 4. How is the past verb phrase made and for what purpose is it used? 5. Write a list of past verb phrases. 6. How is the future verb phrase made and for what pur- pose is it used? 7. Show by a sentence how long ago the present tense was made to show future time. 8. Write a list of future verb phrases. 9. What are the only two subjects to be used with shall when we want to express nothing more than future time? 10. Show how there are only three periods of time and how there are really six tenses. 11. What is another name for the present verb phrase, also another name for the past verb phrase? GRAMMAR. i)5 12. Tell liow the future perfect- phrase is made. 13. Tell about the accurate use of the past perfect tense. 14. Write out Exercise I. 15. When is the future tense used mainly? 16. What subjects should be used with '"shall" to express future time? Give examples. 17. How can the future tense and the idea of promise both be expressed in the future phrase? 18. How is determination expressed? 19. Work out Exercise II. 30. Conjugate "see" in the indicative mode through the six tenses. 21. Take two days and conjugate all the verbs in Exer- cise III. 22. Eead the special drills on troublesome verb forms. 23. Write out the work called for in Exercise IV. 24. When is the past perfect tense used? 25. Give at least ten sentences each one containing a past perfect tense form. 26. Write out Exercise Y. 27. What idea are we trying to express when we use "I shall'" and "we shall?" Illustrate. 28. Do the work required in Exercise VI. 29. Do the work as required under the heading "Analysis of Sentences." 30. Do the work as required under the heading "Parsing." 31. When must we use "shall" with I and we? Illustrate. 32. When must we use "will" with I and toe ? Illustrate. 33. Write out the work required under Exercise VII. 34. Give four common crude expressions and correct them. 35. Give fifteen common contractions. 36. What about the use of aint and Jiaint? 37. What is the special aim of the composition for thia month ? 38. Make the changes suggested in Exercise X. 39. What kinds of composition are to be done this month? 40. Write a story on the subject "Playing Tramp" and a conversation on the su.bject "The minister gets angry." 41. Write out Exercise XII. 42. What are the points to be watched in the Friendly Let- ters for this month's work? 43. Write out Exercise XIII and XIV. 96 GRAMMAR. QUESTIONS ON GRAMMAR, SEVENTH YEAR- EIGHTH MONTH. 1. Deline a eonipuund sentence. Write live. 2. What are co-ordinate conjunctions? Name tlie leading ones. 3. Wlien sliould and and but be used as connectives? 4. When sliouid for and or be used? 5. When should either and neither be used? 6. W'hat about the use of and when but should be used? 7. Exj^lain what is meant by the unity of compound sen- tences, (jrive examples of misuse, and correct them. 8. What does "compound elements mean? 1). What is a compound subject? Give three examples. lU. What is a compound predicate? (jiive three examples. 11. Give examples of a compound attribute. 12. Give examples of a sentence containing a compound object. 13. Give a sentence with a coni}>()uiid subject, a compound predicate, and a compound object. 14. What is a series? Give examples. 15. Show by a sentence that a subject may be a series. 16. Show by a sentence that a predicate may be a series. 17. Show by a sentence that an object may be a series. 18. Show by a sentence that a predicate attribute may be a series. 19. Tell how to write a good compound sentence and give an example of a good compound sentence. 20. Write ten good compound sentences. 21. Tell how we should pr'operly use and and but. 22. Tell how a series should be punctuated. 23. Write out Exercise III. 24. Select ten sentences from your composition this month and analyze them. 25. Give an account of the parsing that can be done this month. 26. Write out Exercise IV. 27. Give the order of pronouns in compound subjects and objects. 28. Write out Exercises V and VI. 29. What about the expression ''^or either'^ instead of "or else"? Give examples. GRAMMAR. 97 30. How are "one another" and "'each other" often misused? Give examples. 31. Write out Exercise VII, 32. Tell how two or more independent statements should be joined. G-ive examples. 33. How should members of the compound sentence if the members are long be separated? Give examples. 34. Punctuate the sentences in Exercise VIII. 35. Tell about the comma in the series, and give examples of its use. 36. Punctuate the sentences in Exercise IX. 37. What is the special aim of the composition for this month ? 38. Do the work required in Exercise X. 39. What does "guess" mean? Give an example. 40. What does "expect" mean? Give an example. 41. What does "think" mean? Give an example. 42. What does "stop" and "stay" mean? Give examples. 43. What does "a party" mean? Give examples. 44. Write out Exercise XI. 45. Write about at least two of the subjects mentioned under "Tests for Explanation." 46. Write about at least two of the subjects mentioned under "Test Themes in Friendly Letters." 47. Write about at least two of the "Test Themes in Busi- ness Letters." ■ 48. Select ten sentences from the themes you have written this month and analyze them. 49. Give an example of how a theme on "Explanation" might be outlined before you begin to write. 50. Give an example of how a story should be outlined before you begin to write. AGRICULTURE. QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- FIRST MONTH. 1. How should we begin the study of our agriculture for the Seventh Year? 2. Give the number of farms in your neighborhood and the name of the owner of each. 3. How many acres are owaied by each farmer in your neighborhood ? ■1. How many kinds of farming are there? 5. When is a farmer a grain farmer, a stock farmer, and when a combination farmer? 6. Make a list of the names of the farmers in your neigh- borhood who are grain farmers, a list of those who are stock farmers, and a list of those who are combination farmers. 7. What per cent of all the farmers of your neighborhood are grain farmers, what jser cent are stock farmers, and what per cent are combination farmers? S. Prei)are a table as suggested in your agriculture showing the names of the men of your community engaged in the different kinds of farming. 9. Where in Illinois is the corn belt? 10. What other grain products are extensively grown? 11. Why is wheat an important crop during this war period, and why are the grain crops of Southern Illinois much less than those in the ISTorthern part? 12. Name other crops besides corn, oats, and wheat grown in Illinois. 13. Make a list of the various crops raised and the number of bushels of each kind raised by your neighbor farmer. 14. Tell how to estimate the value of the crops in your community. 15. Notice in your agriculture book the prices paid for wheat, corn and oats in August in the Chicago markets. Compare them with the September prices. 16. Eeport the number of bushels of wheat, oats, and corn that your father has produced during the past year. From these reports get the totals for your community. Multiply the total for each kind of crop by the current price. AGRICULTURE. 99 17. Estimate the value of hay in your community by multi- plying the approximate number of tons by the current price per ton. Eecord your work according to the chart given in. your agri- culture book. 18. What is said in your agriculture book about the variation in the prices of stock? 19. Estimate the number of hogs, cattle, and sheep in your neighborhood. Each pupil can report for his individual family, and these individual reports may be added for totals. When you have secured the totals, get the current prices and multiply to find the value of the live stock in your neighborhood. Notice the form given in your agriculture book. 20. Name other industries besides farming that might be carried on in your neighborhood. 21. Suppose coal mining is carried on in your neighborhood — it will be interesting to find out how many men the mine em- ploys and what is the daily and monthly output. 22. What price does your father pay for coal? 23. With what kinds of coal and what grades are you familiar ? 24. It may be that there is a canning factory near you. If so, find out what you can about this industry and report to your class. 25. It may be that dairying is a leading industry in your neighborhood. If so, where is the nearest creamery? 26. How many men are employed in this creamery? 27. It may be that men in your neighborhood are engaged in trading. For example, own an elevator on the nearest railroad through the country. What advantage does this offer the farmer and is this kind of work essential? 28. Perhaps there are people in your Jieighborhood engaged in the oil industry. If so report on this. 29. Eeport on the work of the traveling salesmen if any persons in your neighborhood makes his living that way. 30. Upon what does successful gardening depend? 31. What is said about a large space for a garden? 32. What about a shaded and low place for a garden? 33. After you have chosen the spot, how should the ground be fertilized? 34. Why is early planting the best? 35. Tell how to make the beds and how to plant the seeds. 36. What about the planting of lettuce and radishes and the repetition ? 100 AGRICULTURE. 37. What can be said about the planting of onions and tomatoes and what about the early tomatoes? 38. Name a list of the vegetables generally grown in the garden. Which of these are you growing in your garden at home ? 39. What is said about the value of a hot bed, and how is a hot bed made? 40. Make a list of the vegetables you have grown in your garden this year, opposite the name, place the quantity produced. If you have made a large garden, set down the amount sold. Use the table as suggested in your agriculture. 41. jSTame vegetables that can be stored for the winter with- out canning. Name others that must be canned. 42. What are the two methods of canning? 43. What method of canning is done in your home? De- scribe how it is done. 44. Make a table as suggested in your agriculture and fill it in as is shown. 45. What are the classes of vegetables? 46. Give examples of the "bulb" crops of vegetables. 47. Give examples of the "root" type of vegetables. 48. Give examples of the "tubers." 49. Give examples of the buckwheat family of vegetables. 50. Give examples of the cabbage and clover families of vegetables. 51. Give examples of the fungi family of vegetables. 52. Give examples of the goosefoot family and the grass family of vegetables. 53. Give examples of the lily family and the mint families of vegetables. 54. Give examples of the morning glory and the parsnip families of vegetables. 55. Give examples of the potato family of vegetables. 56. Give examples of the sunflower and gourd families of vegetables. 57. What is another name for the flowering plants and why should this be interesting to us? 58. Bring a specimen of common flowers to school ; notice that the flower buds appear at the end of the stem or in the axis of the leaves. 59. Explain what is meant by raceme in flowers? Give ex- amples. 60. Explain peduncle, pedicels, bracts, corymb. Give ex- amples of corymb. AGRICULTURE. 101 61. What is an umbel? Give examples. 62. What is meant by the spike flower? Grive examples. 63. What are composites? Give common examples. 64. What is meant by the ray liowers and the tubular disc flowers of the composites? 65. What is a compound flower Chester and what is the technical name for this? 66. Give an example of a compound fJower cluster. 67. If possible, bring to the class the straw and heads of some oats for illustrations of the panicle or compound flower. 68. Be sure to do the work required in Exercise III of your agriculture. 69. Of how many circles of organs do most flowers consist and what are their names? 70. What are the sepals of the flower and what is their use to the flower? 71. What is the calyx? 72. What are the petals and what is the corolla? 73. What are the stamens and pistils? 74. What is the importance of the knob on the tip of the stamens ? 76. What part of the flower contains the rudimentary seeds ? 76. What are perfect flowers? Give examples. 77. Do the work required in Exercise IV. 78. Name the leading cultivated flovi^ers and the leading wild flowers. 79. Make a list of cultivated flowers that you find in your neighborhood; tell all you can of the type of flowers they bear. 80. Make a list of all the wild flowers to be found in your locality. Describe each. 81. To what family does the wheat belong? 82. What about the roots of the wheat plant? 83. Tell about the growth of the stem and the distance be- tween the leaves. 84. Explain how several stems may grow from one seed, and what is this process called? 85. Of what does the head of the wheat consist and what is a spihelet? 86. Tell about the arrangement of the spil'elets, and about how many spiJcelets on each head. 87. About how long is a good head of wheat and about how many grains does it contain? 88. Describe the wheat grain or the seed. 102 AGRICULTURE. 89. Wheat coutaius a great deal of what food element? 90. How does the color of the wheat grain vary? 91. Tell how wheat is often listed in the market reports. 93. Which kind of wheat makes the best tiour? 93. Pupils should bring samples of wheat grown in the ueighborhood. Compare as to color and hardness. Also notice the size and shape of the grains. The healthy grain will be plump and well formed. 94. Name four kinds of wheat and describe each. 95. What can be said about the varieties of spring and winter wheat in the United States, and how did we get so many ? 96. Tell how we should test our wheat seed before sowing. 97. Give reasons why we should plow our ground early for winter wheat. 98. What about the depth for plowing and how does this vary in different parts of our state? 99. What about water soaked land for wheat? 100. Tell how we should prepare the ground for the seed. 101. Tell how farmers in the Mississippi Valley sow wheat in the standing corn, and sometimes cut and shock the green corn then sow the wheat. 102. How much wheat seed should be sown to the acre, and how should it be put into the ground? 103. What can be said in regard to the time for sowing the wheat ? 104. What are the leading products of wheat, and what use is made of the straw? 105. Name several varieties of wheat flour. 106. Tell about hard wheat flour and from what section of our country does it come? 107. What about the soft wheat flour and the Graham flour? 108. What are the various products of flour and what about the weight of a loaf of bread? 109. What was Warren's report on the value of wheat pro- duced in the United States in 1909? 110. Give the history of wheat. 111. Tell how the varieties of wheat have been greatly in- creased in number, and much improved in quality, also give the territory of our country which produces our best known varieties. 113. What are the two chief enemies of wheat? 113. Name the varieties of weeds which are numerous in our wheat fields, and what varieties are foimd in Illinois ? 114. Tell about cheat, and how it can be removed from wheat. AGRICULTURE. 103 115. Tell about cockle, and how to fight it. 116. What is the yellow berry? 117. Name the varieties of fungous enemies affecting our wheat. 118. How does wheat scab affect the wheat and how get rid of it? 119. What are the two kinds of wheat smut? 120. Tell how stinking smut is scattered and how it harms the wheat ? 121. Tell how to treat the seed wheat to prevent the stinking smut, also how to make these solutions. 122. How does loose smut enter the wheat, and how treat the wheat seed to prevent it? 123. What are the two varieties of rust and how does rust harm the wheat? 124. How fight rust? 125. Name the two leading insect enemies of the wheat. 126. Tell how the chinch bug harms the wheat. 127. Tell how the Hessian fly harms the wheat. 128. Give ways in which we can prevent and destroy these insects. 129. Follow the directions given in your agriculture book and make a wheat chart or booklet. QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH V^EAR— SECOND MONTH. 1. What are fungi? Name several. 2. What are parasite fungi? Host? Saprophyte? 3. Give the structure of the mushroom and tell how they reproduce. 4. Tell how fungi penetrates the decaying matter in the soil. 5. Tell how fungi differ from seed plants. 6. Define mold and bacteria, and how can we distinguish the bacteria that causes plant disease from that which causes animal diseases? 7. What about bacteria and decay ? 8. Where might samples of bacteria be found? 9. Give an experiment to show that bacteria can be planted and that it is capable of reproducing its kind. 10. Tell why we know that bacteria grows and multiplies. 11. Tell how the spores of mold can be killed. 104 AGRICULTURE. 1^. How do we kuew that bacteria can be killed by heat? 13. What is meant by sterilization and in what two ways may it be accomplished? 14. Tell how bandages are often sterilized. 15. Tel] how sterilization may be accomplished by applying some agent. 16. In wdiat way has sterilization achieved a great success? 17. What about any substance treated with formaldehyde? 18. What plants are attacked by smuts? 19. What are the two varieties of smut? 20. Tell how stinking smut is spread, and how they settle on the seed and affect the grains. 21. Tell how loose smut enters the plant. 22. Tell how corn smut attacks the corn. 23. What are rusts? 24. What plants are attacked by rust? 25. Explain what is meant by red rust by winter spores? 26. Why is rust harmful to the plant? 27. What plant is attacked by the blight and what are the two kinds? Tell how each kind affects the plant. 28. How do botanists class the blight? 29. What is potato rot and how caused? 30. Give the most effective way to combat smut? 31. Tell how to make blue vitriol solution? Formaldehyde solution ? 32. What about rotation of crops and smuts? 33. Tell how to combat rusts. 34. Tell how to combat blights. 35. What about seed selection and blight? 36. Describe the stem of the corn plant. 37. Where are the nodes or joints of corn furrowed? 38. What is the average height of the corn plant, and about how high are the ears set on the stalk? 39. Describe the roots of the corn plant. 40. What about a local variety of corn for seed? 41. Why is a germination test necessary? . ■ 42. Tell how to make a simple device for testing seed corn. 43. Tell how to select seed corn. 44. Tell how some farmers make a breeding plat.. 45. Tell how we can secure a uniform stand of corn. 46. Tell about the plowing and preparation of the ground for the seed. AGRICULTURE. 105 47." What should be the temperature of the soil when the ■corn is planted? 48. What about early planting and the depth of planting? 49. Tell why three or four plowings for the corn are neces- sary ? 50. Tell how we can improve our corn crop. 51. Tell about the corn roots, and the corn stem. 5'3. Describe the leaves of corn. 53. Of what benefit to the plant are the wedge-shaped cells of the leaf? 54. What is generally indicated by a good leaf and a good stalk? 55. What are really the essential parts of a flower? 56. Why are the stamens important? Why are the pistals important ? 57. Tell about the action of the pollen upon the pistil. 58. What part of the com kernel is produced by one of the cells in the pistil? 59. Where is the food portion of the grain formed? 60. From what part of the corn plant are the ears borne and how does nature protect the young grains? 61. Tell how the ears of corn vary in size. 62. Tell how the rows of corn on the cob vary. 63. Tell about the rows of corn and the size of the cob of the Dent corn. 64. Do the work required in Exercise I. 65. Tell how children should visit the corn fields in selec- tion of desirable stalks and ears. 66. What are some of the points farmers should watch in the selection of seed corn? 67. Tell about drying and storing seed corn. 68. Each pupil do the werk required in Exercise II. 69. Tell how we can experiment to show shrinkage of seed corn. 70. Name varieties of corn. Which is raised in your neigh- borhood ? 71. What are the types of corn? 72. Describe pop corn, flint corn, dent corn, and sweet corn. '73. Give a short history of Reid Yellow Dent, Golden Eagle and Boone County White. 74. Give several characteristics of a good ear of corn. 75. What is the length, and circumference also proportion 106 AGRICULTURE. of the corn to the cob of an average ear of corn in jSTorthern Illinois? In Central and Southern Illinois? 76. Write the corn score card. 77. Give the uses of corn, also a short history of it. 78. What are the factors involved in marketing corn? 79. Tell how pupils should report on any good experiment, or effort they may have had with corn. 80. Name the six parts of the kernel and tell how to test for starch in corn. 81. Do the haiidwork as described in your agriculture. QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- THIRD MONTH. 1. What are forage plants? Name the kinds common to Illinois. 2. What is the most valuable forage crop in Illinois? 3. How are pastures made? 4. Make a list of the grasses in your neighborhood, and if possible bring in samples of the different kinds. 5. How many varieties of blue grass, and what are the most important kinds? 6. Describe the grass plant. 7. Upon what kinds of soil does bluegrass do best? 8. How far west does blue grass do well? 9. Why does bluegrass make good lawns but poor hay? 10. What is the standard of germination for bluegrass seed? 11. When is the best time to plant bluegrass? 12. Compare timothy and bluegrass — size of plant, height of plant. 13. How does the flower or head of timothy differ from that of the bluegrass? 14. Describe the seed of timothy, and tell how it is mixed with other seeds. 15. What per cent of timothy is usually good? 16. Why does timothy stand dry weather better than blue grass ? 17. What kind of soil is best for timothy? 18. In what portions of the United States does timothy do best ? 19. Describe red top and why so called? 20. What kind of soil is best for red top? 21. Into how many classes are grasses divided ? AGRICULTURE. 107 22. What are annual grasses? Give examples. 23. What is the best annual grass that is used to add to the supply of hay and forage? 24. What are the four principal varieties of millet? 25. What kind of millet is generally grown? 26. When should millet seed be sown? 27. Describe broom corn millet and where is it grown? 28. Tell about barnyard millet. 29. What about 'pearl millet? 30. Name the leguminous plants, and why are they valuable? 31. In what ways are the leguminous plants alike? 32. What can be said about the seeds of the leguminous plants ? 33. Compare the amount of starch in the leguminous plants with the amount of starch in grains of com and wheat. 34. Describe the roots of leguminous plants, and how far down does the root of the alfalfa sometimes go? 35. Explain how leguminous plants bring nitrogen to the soil. 36. Tell about the root of the red clover, how it stands dry weather, how it is used, and how it furnishes nitrogen. 37. What is taking the place of red clover in a good many sections of Illinois? 38. In what ways does alfalfa differ from clover? 39. Describe the young alfalfa plant. 40. Tell how new stems and roots form after alfalfa is cut. 41. How long are the average stems of alfalfa? 42. Describe the flower of the alfalfa. 43. What kind of soil and climate is best suited to the growth of alfalfa? 44. What is necessary in order to start the plant to growing in the United States and how can this be done? 45. When will an alfalfa field produce the best, and how long should it be kept before changing to another crop ? 46. When should alfalfa be sown and what is its chief use? 47. Describe a cow pea bush and tell about its roots. 48. Why is the cowpea valuable in fertilizing? 49. What about the trailing qualities of the cowpea ? 50. What kind of pod holds the seed? 51. What kind of climate required for cowpeas? 52. What use is made of cowpeas ? 53. Describe the soy bean plant and tell about the seed pod and seeds. 108 AGRICULTURE. 54. What colors of soy beans do we have? 55. Tell about the root tubercles. 56. What about the length of the top of the soy bean? 57. What about the size and color of the soy bean? 58. What uses are made of the soy beans? 59. Name other forage plants of a rough type. 60. What use is made of the diiferent varieties of sorghum? 61. What about Kafir corn and sorghum? 62. Describe the sorghum plant. 63. What about the size and color of the seeds of the sorghum plant ? 64. What use is made of the seeds and the plant? 65. Why is Kafir corn grown? 66. What is rape? 67. Describe the rape plant. 68. How long does it take rape to mature and why is rape valuable ? 69. What is a weed and what are the most common weeds found in Illinois gardens? Describe each. 70. In what ways do weeds do harm? 71. Name the common weeds of our cultivated fields. 73. What is chess or cheat? 73. What are thistles? 74. What is mustard and where do we often find the seed? 75. What is fox tail and couch grass? 76. Describe the burdock. 77. Name the common weeds of the pasture and meadow. 78. Describe the iron weed. 79. Find out what you can about white top, rag weed, and thistles. 80. Name common weeds of" the lawn. 81. Describe the plantain and the dandelion. 88. Into what three classes are weeds divided? 83. What is an annual weed, a biennial weed, and a perennial weed? 84. Give examples of the annual weeds, of the biennial, and of the perennial weeds. 85. Give reasons why weeds are objectionable. 86. Tell how cultivation destroys the weeds. 87. Be sure to make the collection of leaves, fruits, and seeds of the neighborhood weeds as suggested in your agriculture. 88. Make a cardboard chart of weeds as suggested in your a sericulture. AGRICULTURE. 109 QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- FOURTH MONTH. 1. Discuss roads and what are the two purposes of drainage in regard to roads? 2. Discuss tlie ditches at the road side and where is under- ground drainage satisfactory? 3. Tell how the roads should be gradedl' 4. What about a road wider than twenty-four feet? 5. Discuss the road drag. 6. l^ame some of the different kinds of roads in United States. 7. Tell how Illinois meets the maintaining of her roads and how the work is done. 8. What are the special road needs in your immediate home ? 9. Discuss impending legislation in regard to roads now before the legislature. 10. Name the two classes of vehicles. 11. Name and describe the vehicles of the pleasure type. 13. Pupils should make a list of the various pleasure vehicles used in their neighborhood and under each give a list of at least ten parts. 13. What is the chief point to be considered Avhen buying an automobile? 14. Make a list of the various kinds of autos used in your neighborhood and have a list made of the good and weak points of each special make. 15. What are the chief points to be considered in choosing farm wagons? 16. Discuss the material to be u.sed in building farm wagons, the building of the wheels, the axles, the tire setting, neckyoke, tongue, whiffietrees, width of the track, etc. 17. What is the "handy wagon?" 18. Tell how horses have been replaced by gasoline and steam. 19. Where are motor trucks used? 20. Compare gasoline and steam as a means of power. 21. ■ Some pupil in the class who is familiar with the auto engine, give a rough blackboard sketch and explain how and why it works. 22. What is a machine? 23. Discuss the harvester as a machine. 24. What is a lever and what are the three kinds of levers? 25. Give a drawing of the three kinds of levers; give an 110 AGRICULTURE. example of type one and two, and pupils work out an example of the third type. 36. Describe the jack screw and what is its advantage? 27. What is a pulley and of what value is it? 28. What is a "tackle ?" 29. Describe the wheel and axle and when is this used? 30. Describe the derrick and where is it common? 31. What is a jack and name the various kinds, and tell how they are generally worked. 32. What is the use of the plow and name the parts that are common to all turning plows. 33. What can be said about the modern sulky? 34. What about the use of the shovel and bull tongue plow, also the disc plow? 35. When is the disc plow handy? 36. Discuss the gang plow. 37. Discuss the motor plows and the amount of work that can be done in one day. 38. Discuss the harrow, earlier and later types. 39. Describe the acme, disc, and cutaway harrows. 40. Pupils be prepared to discuss the various merits and differences between the smoothing harrow, spring tooth harrow, curved knife tooth harrow or pulverizer and the disc harrow. Under the disc harrow discuss the spading, and the orchard disc harrow. 41. What is said about different sections of the country and its tools? 42. What about the cost of machinery at present? 43. Tell about the different kinds of machines used in cul- tivating the crop, be sure to discuss the two row cultivator, disc cultivator, and eagle claw gang. 44. Tell about the stalk cutter. 45. Discuss the different kinds of seeders. 46. Discuss the different kinds of drills and what is one of the chief requisites in using a drill? 47. Tell about the importance of the corn planter and have the students discuss the various kinds. 48. Compare the time required to produce a bushel of wheat by the old method, with the time required by the modern method. 49. Tell about the cradle and its general use. 50. Tell about the modern harvester, the header, and the combined harvester and thresher. AGRICULTURE. Ill 51. Describe the corn harvester and the stubble cutter attach- ment. 52. What about corn pickers and huskers? 53. Discuss the two kinds of mowers. 54. What about the field rakes and the hay loaders? 55. Pupils should add other farm tools in use in their im- mediate neighborhood. 56. How long has labor both on the farm and in the home been done b}^ machinery? 57. Tell how machinery has shortened the working day? 58. Explain how the farm wife's labor has been lightened. 59. Tell how improved machinery has reduced the working men but not the production. 60. Tell how the cost of labor has been reduced by machin- ery. 61. Give the history of the plow from 1100 B. C. to the present day. 62. Give the history of the harrow. 63. Give the history of our first rollers and cultivators. 64. Give the history of our seeders and drills. 65. Give the history of our corn planters. 66. Tell about the sickle, cradle. Marsh harvester, packer, and the mower. 67. Tell about the baling presses. 68. Who was Ertel and what did he do? 69. What is said about the farmer's carelessness in taking care of machinery? 70. What are the three divisions into which the care of farm machinery divides itself? 71. Tell how farmers are careless and have great losses by not protecting their farm machinery from the weather. 72. Tell how farmers should repair their machinery, clean and oil it before putting it away, also how farmers should spend rainy days. 73. What about painting farm machinery? 74. Where is every piece of your farm machinery? 75. Do the hand work required in the State Course of Study. See your agriculture book. 112 AGRICULTURE. QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- FIFTH MONTH. 1. Bring to school a sample of local soil i'or study. 2. ^¥hat are the two ])riiici|)al uses of soil in regard to plants ? 3. Name ten different elements that plants must have. 4. What elements are lacking in onr soil due to cultivation year after year? 5. What elements of the ten come from the air ? 6. What is the principal use of nitrogen? Of iron? 7. What about the supply of iron in the soil ? 8. From where do plants get carbon and how do they take it in? 9. How do plants get hydrogen and oxygen? 10. How do plants get nitrogen? 11. What about phosphorus in our soil and of what use is it? 12. What about potassium and what farm crop especially must have this? 13. How can we put potassium in our soils? 14. What about calcium and magnesia in our soils and why are they important? 15. If we find that our soil is acid how can we sweeten it? 16. What do we mean by elements? 17. What materials are found in soil? 18. Describe the clay soil and tell what crops do best on it? 19. Describe the sandy soil and tell how it holds moisture and when it produces best. 20. What are peaty soils and where could we get a sample of peaty soils? 21. What is a loam soil and when is it especially good? 22. What is the best soil for farming? 23. What is a stony soil? 24. Give the characteristics of the clay soils, of the loam soil,, of the sandy soil, and of the peaty soil. 25. Name other varieties of soil. 26. What is meant by a peaty loam soil, silt loam, gravelly loam and stony loam? 27. Try the experiments mentioned in your agriculture book. 28. Give a good clear account of the origin of the soil. 29. What elements helped to form the soil? 30. Tell about the great glaciers and what is meant by glaciated soil? AGRICULTURE. 113 31. Euumeiate the ageuts that helped to break up the rock to form soih 32. Explain how frost and freezing could change rocks to soil. 33. Explain how water could change rocks to soil. 34. Explain how decaying vegetable matter and plants could form soil. 35. Tell how the sea has contributed to soil formation. 36. What are the two chief sources of water? 37. Tell about the amount of rainfall in different localities. How much in Illinois? 38. What becomes of the rain after it falls? 39. Explain why standing water is injurious. 40. What are the kinds of water in the soil ? 41. What is capillary water? Describe its action. 43. What is free water? Why of value? 43. What is fine film water? Why valuable? 44. What can be said about the amount of water needed for crops and how is the natural supply reduced? 45. Explain how the kind of soil has something to do with retention of water. 46. How can soil be made to hold its water? 47. Why is free and capillary water of more importance than fine film water? 48. Why is too much free water injurious? 49. How can an over amount of free water be limited? 50. How can the supply of capillary water be modified? 51. What are the two methods of drainage? 52. How large must the open ditch be and what about branch open ditches? 53. What are the objectionable features of the open ditch? 54. Describe the method of underground drainage. 55. How deep should the tile be laid and how large the tile ? 56. What about the fall of the tile and how are the joints fixed so that the soil cannot get into the tile? 57. Why should tile not be too small? 58. What about the outlet for the tile? 59. Why should rows of tile not run to a larger tile at a right angle but rather an acute angle? 60. What about the leng-fh of the tile at the outlet and how made secure? 61. How protect tile against rabbits? 114 AGRICULTURE. 62. What about pine poles instead of tile? 63. What about bores and rocks as means of drainage? 64. What is the most practical drainage? 65. Give the benefits of drainage. 6Q. What about artificial drainage and low flat land? 67. What about swamps and drainage? 68. What about the amount of tile in Illinois and its value? 69. Work out the review questions given in your agricul- ture. 70. Do the notebook work required in your agriculture. QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- SIXTH MONTH. 1. In what two ways do plants secure their food? 2. What is about the only kno^vlcdge common to most of us in regard to roots of plants? 3. How are roots divided ? 4. Tell about roots that grow on either land or water. 5. What is a lap root? Give examples. 6. What is fascicled roots? Give examples. 7. Describe fibrous roots and tell where found. 8. Describe the roots of oats, wheat and barley. 9. Tell about the amount of roots often found below ground, also about the roots of a transplanted plant. 10. Tell about the length of different roots, for example, the winter wheat, oats, and mesquite. 11. Give a full description of root hairs, tell how they take in water, also give an idea of the amount of water taken in by roots of different plants. 18. Give an idea of the vast number of root hairs on corn. 13. Describe the walls of root hairs and tell how soil water with its substances pass through these walls. 14. Tell how we can find out the amount of soluble and insoluble substances taken by a plant. 15. Tell how a plant takes up the different soil elements. 16. How does a i)lant uets lime and of what use to the plant is it? 17. Tell how a plant gets nitrogen from the soil, also how it uses phosphorus and potassium. 18. Tell why water is so necessary to plant life. 19. Tell how the soil water attacks materials Avhich chemists , AGRICULTURE. 115 find unsoluble and brings them into shape for a plant to use. Give an example. 30. Give an idea of the amount of water used by our culti- vated crops. 21. How does a plant get carbon? hydrogen? sulphur? iron ? phosphorus ? nitrogen ? potassium ? calcium, and magnesium ? 22. Tell about the varying amounts of certain elements or their combinations that different plants will take up. Give ex- amples. 23. Define capillarity, and tell why this is valuable. 24. Try the experiment given in your agriculture to show capillarity. 25. Tell why soil at rest loses moisture. 26. Give an account of the experiences with different soils to show capillarity. 27. What is the water table, and in good farm land should be how far from the surface? 28. Why is it not good to have the water table too near the surface? 29. Tell about the water table on upland and on lowland and why are lowlands more productive than uplands. 30. Why is it important to study our soils and know how to retard or hasten evaporation? 31. What can be said about soil that holds water too long? 32. Tell how farmers can conserve moisture. 33. Tell about an experiment to show that we can hold moisture. 34. What are the two methods of tilage and why is deep tillage better than shallow? 35. "What is one of the greatest advantages of deep tillage? 36. Give an idea of how the extensive root system of the corn drew moisture for the stalk. 37. What about the root system of a field of com if the field has been properly plowed? 38. Tell why we should not use deep cultivation after the first cultivation. 39. After the first cultivation why should our aim be to fine the surface soil? 40. What three conditions must be met if a satisfactory crop results? 41. How can we retain heat for our crops? 42. How can we get oxygen for the plant roots? 43. Explain why nitrification is important. 116 AGRICULTURE. 44. Give another result of fining the soiL 45. Tell about tlie experiment with Feldspar. 46. What about the destruction of weeds and tillage? 47. Why does water standing on the soil damage the crops? 48. Wh}' will moderate rains often flood a field and destroy crops ? 49. Discuss open ditches and under ground drainage. 50. Tell how the tile drains should be laid. 51. Tell why the ditches in which the tile are laid should be narrow. 52. What about the distance between the tile ditches? 53. What about the size of the tile? 54. Give the advantages of tile drainage. 55. Explain why it is not wise to plant the same crop year after year on the same ground. 56. Why did barley do well while potatoes did not? 57. Why do timber trees do so well? 58. Explain why the land of the South fails to produce good crops of cotton. 59. What is the life of the soil and how can we prolong this life ? 60. Give several benefits of crop rotation. 61. Tell how crops can be rotated in the South. 62. Tell about the crop rotation in the wheat sections of the Middle West. 63. Explain what is meant by a short rotation, 64. Tell about the increase in crops where a short rotation was practiced. 65. Why must each farmer work out his own problem on fertilization ? 66. What is said about commercial fertilizers? 67. Tell how short rotation of crops is taking the place of commercial fertilizers. 68. What about the value of the legume crop? 69. Tell how a farmer can find the needs of his own soil. 70. In Mdiat way only should farmers depend upon fer- tilizers ? 71. When do fertilizers gi\e the best returns, and when will they give satisfactory results? 72. What food material in particular is found in rye, barley, wheat, corn, and oats? 73. Where do we get much oil ? AGRICULTURE. 117 74. Compare sweet corn and field corn; oats and corn in .food elements. 75. What food material in particular is found in wheat? 76. Give the food elements and their per cent found in flour made from wheat. 77. What food elements in rice? 78. Compare sweet potatoes and Irish potatoes in food elements. 79. Tell why some plants store their food elements in bulbs or tubers. 80. Give a remarkable example of a plant's storage of food. 81. What is one of the chief food materials laid up by plants and give examples of plants which store food. 82. What are the chief food elements stored by potatoes and onions ? 83. What does cultivation have to do with plant's ability to store food elements ? 84. Why are the roots and leaves the most necessary parts of a plant and what is the use of the stem? 85. Of what does the upper part of a beet leaf consist and what is under these epithelial cells, and then what is under this? 86. What are stomata? 87. How many breathing pores on a square inch of an apple leaf and a square inch of a black walnut? 88. Of what use are the upper epidermal cells of the leaf? The cells beneath the epidermal cells? The stomata? 89. Tell about the green material in the leaf. 90. Wliat are the four functions of the leaves? 91. Tell about the immense amount of water taken from the soil by plants. 92. Tell about starch making in the plant. 93. What power has all green plants? 94. Of what three elements is starch made? 95. Tell what plants can do that chemists cannot do, and where do we think the change is made ?. 96. Under what conditions can starch be made from carbon dioxide and water ? 97. Tell how Prof. Geo. L. Goodale likens the leaf to a mill. 98. What proof have we that chlorophyll bodies are largely concerned in starch making? 99. How is the starch in the leaf changed to grape or malt sugar and what about other combinations? 118 AGRICULTURE. lUU. Where does assimilation take jjlace and of what use to the plant is sugar? 101. What per cent of the structure of plants come from the air? 102. How does material from the air get into the plant? 103. Give the important work of the chlorophyll. 104. What are the two uses of water in the plant? 105. Give an idea of the immense amount of water taken in and given off by plants. 106. JSi^ame the chief elements taken up by plants in some combinations or other. 107. Why is potassium important? 108. Tell how the stems of plants carry water. 109. How do we know that the sap does not pass through the heart of the plant? 110. Tell about the variation in length of time required for water from the soil to pass through tlie stems of different plants. 111. What causes this upward flow of water? 112. Give the work of the leaves and the need of sunlight. 113. What can be said about the subject "Growth of Plants"? 114. What are some of the things we do know about the growth of plants and how far have scientists traced this growth? 115. What do we know about cholorophyll and protoplasma? 116. What about scientists and their research on the subject, "Growth of Plants"? 117. What do we now know about the growth of plants? QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- SEVENTH MONTH. 1. What is one of the most important parts of a successful garden ? 2. Tell about the successful "thrift gardens" in back yards of city lots. 3. Give an idea of how we should plan our garden. 4. What vegetables should he planted in the closest part in our gardens and what in farthest part? 5. Speak of the importance of rotation of crops in our gardens. 6. Tell how four crops has actually been secured from one plot of ground. 7. What is said about the various kinds of lettuce? What about peas ? AGRICULTURE. 119 8. What about beets as a second crop? Beans? Toma- toes ? 9. Give suggestions on planting squashes, pumpkins and melons. 10. What about the planting of onions, peppers, okra, car- rots, parsnips, celery, and sweet potatoes? 11. What is said about the early planning of the garden and the early selection of seed? 12. Tell how a hot bed is made and what is its value? 13. Tell how the cold frame is made and what is its value? 14. Name plants found in the hot bed. Name plants found in the cold frame. 15. What is displacing the hot bed and cold frame? 16. Why is the early garden the valuable garden? 17. Tell how to secure an early garden. 18. What about putting out plants in the garden that have been started in the hot bed or cold frame? 19. How large should plants be before they are removed from the hot bed and cold frame? 20. Tell how and why oats should be screaned before plant- ing. 21. Tell how to test oats seed before planting. 22. How can a farmer improve his oats each year? 23. What are the two varieties of oats and where is the winter variety chiefly grown? 24. What about the seed bed for oats in comparison to the seed bed for corn? 25. When is it best to plow for oats and what about fall plowing ? 26. Upon what does the rate of seeding depend? 27. What about the amount of seed required when we sow seed broadcast? 28. How much oats seed should be sown to the acre and what about the depth of the covering? 29. When is a broad cast seeder used? 30. What about the early sowing of oats? 31. Tell how we can secure a good green forage crop for our live stock. 32. What are the two kinds of smut which attacks oats? 33. How does loose smut affect the oats? The covered smut ? 34. What are two methods of treating oats for smut? 120 AGRICULTURE. 35. Be sure to give a clear account of the treatment of oats smut by using formaldehyde. 36. Name several different varieties of oats. 37. What kind of oats is raised in your locality ? 38. Give the history of oats. 39. In what way does oats differ from corn? 40. Why is oats straw valuable ? 41. Give the different uses of oats for both animals and human beings. 43. What are the two parts of a grain of corn? 43. What per cent is germ? What per cent endosperm? What per cent hull? 44.' What does the germ contain and what does the endo- sperm ? 45. In a general way, of what does a kernel of corn consist ? 46. Tell about' the germination test for seed corn, 47. Compare corn carefully stored and that from corn cribs. 48. Tell how the soil is prepared for the planting of com. 49. What should be done with each day's plowing? 50. W^hat is said about the amount of seed to be used? 51. Give the experiments with depth of corn planting. 53. What can be said about the influence of weather, season, and climate upon corn? 53. Name the live types of corn. In what kinds are the average farmers interested? 54. What are the two groups of pop corn? 55. Name several varieties of sweet corn. 56. Why is flint corn grown largely in Canada and the New England states? 57. Name different kinds of the flint corn that are highly recommended where they are grown. 58. How long does it take dent corn to mature? 59. What about wheat study and corn clubs? 60. What is one of the most valuable of our crops, and what fruit is the leader? 61. Name fruits common to this district. 62. Name several imported local fruits. 63. What are the three parts of the ap]ile and which part contains the seeds? 64. What part is the fruit? 65. Name the varieties grown in this district. 66. Name varieties of early summer apples. ()7. Name varieties of summer apples. AGRICULTURE. ' 121 68. Name the early winter varieties. 69. Name the varieties of winter apples. 70. Name the late winter apples. 71. Students are to discuss the various kinds of apples grown in their home orchards, plotting of orchards, yield, etc. 72. What is said about raising a fruit tree from seed? 73. Tell how trees are grafted. Secure a picture of a graft, and be sure you imderstand just how to graft. What is the meaning of "cambium?" 74. Find out all you can about Luther Burbank. 75. Speak of the value of fruit trees. 76. When is the best time to plant an orchard? 77. Tell how to plant a young fruit tree. 78. How many fruit trees should be planted to the acre? 79. What about watering trees if the season is dry ? 80. What about pruning fruit trees? 81. Tell how farmers should cultivate their young orchards, 83. Name' the most common enemies of the fruit trees. 83. Suppose you should want to know how to combat these diseases, what would you do? 84. Tell how we should be careful when we pick fruit and what would be our reward? 85. Tell how fruit should be stored. 86. Give rules for the sorting of fruit. 87. Tell about the marketing of fruit. 88. Give the projects for caring for orchards. QUESTIONS ON AGRICULTURE, SEVENTH YEAR- EIGHTH MONTH. 1. What can be said in regard to the vegetable garden be- ing a necessity? 3. Name several vegetables commonly grown in the garden. 3. Give the size of the average farm garden. 4. What is said about the soil of the garden? 5. Why should the garden ground be covered with manure? 6. Tell how to j)repare the seed bed. 7. Describe the condition of the soil for our garden. 8. Name several varieties of tomatoes. 9. Tell how tomatoes should be planted and transplanted. 10. Tell how to care for tomato plants. 11. Name the chief enemies of the tomato plants. 12. What is tlie remedy for the tomato blight? 132 ■ AGRICULTURE. 13. Tell how tomatoes are harvested. !•!. Tell how tomatoes may be canned. 15. Name some of the tomato combinations for canning. IG. What are the two classes of root crops? 17. What is meant by the long season and short season root crops? Give examples of each. 18. Tell how to plant carrot seeds and how to care for the plants. 11). Tell how to plant parsnips and how to take care of the plants. 20. Tell how to store carrots and parsnips. 31. Tell how horseradish grows and how it is reproduced. 23. Tell how to care for the young horseradish plants. 23. What are the enemies of horseradish? 84. How is horseradish prepared for use? 25. W'hy is salsify called the vegetable oyster? 26. What kind of soil does salsify require and how should the seeds be planted? 27. What about the enemies of the salsify and when should the crop be harvested? 28. Name varieties of the radishes. 39. Tell how the radish seeds should be sown. 30. AVhat kind of soil is best for radishes? 31. WTiat is said about the enemies of the radish? 33. Name several varieties of beets. 33. Tell how beet seed should be sown. 34. Tell how to care for beets, and name several varieties of the garden beet. 35. What can be said about spring and fall turnips? 3fi. AVhat are the enemies of turnips? 37. Name varieties of the early turnip also varieties of the main cro]> turnip. 38. C^ompare the rutabaga with the turnip. 39. Tell how the rutabaga seed should be sown, and how the plants should be cared for. 40. WHiat are the enemies of the rutabaga and when should the crop be harvested? 41. Name some of the common varieties of the potatoes. 43. Describe a good variety of potato. 43. Tell how to plant potatoes. 44. Tell about the cultivation of potatoes. 45. What are the chief enemies of ]iotatoes? • AGRICULTURE. 123 46. What IS reconimeiided for the bath and what for the blight r' i'or the scab r* 47. When should we begin to spray? 4b. Teii iiow to liarvesi and store the potatoes. 49. JManie varieties of beans. 50. What are tlie best kind of beans for food? 51. Name varieties of tlie wax podded beans. 53. Name varieties of the green podded beans. 53. Name varieties of tlis jjoie beans. 54. Name varieties of tlie Lima beans. 55. Give a full accomit of how to plant bush beans. 56. Tell how to plant pole beans. 57. What is said about transplanting beans? 58. Tell how to care for beans. 59. What are the two worst enemies of beans? 60. Tfell how to combat these bean fungi and bacteria. 61. Name other enemies of beans and tell how to combat them. 63. Tell about the harvesting of beans. 63. What about the canning and storing of beans? 64. What are the two varieties of peas? 65. Name several varieties of the dwarf peas and several varieties of the tall peas. 66. Tell when and how peas should be planted. 67. Tell how to care for peas. 68. What is the worst enemy of peas and how can we com- bat it? 69. Tell about the canning of peas. 70. Name varieties of the best cucumbers. 71. What soil is best for cucumbers and how should the hills be made? 72. Tell how to care for cucumbers. 73. Name the worst enemies of the cucumber and tell how to combat the worst, the yellow and black striped beetle. 74. Tell about the picking of cucumbers. 75. Tell how we should keep accurate accounts of receipts and expenditures. 76. Of what use are the flowers on trees? 77. Name the most ornamental trees. 78. What about the stamens and pistils on the black cherry? On the oaks and chestnuts? On ashes and willows? 79. AVhat about the flowers on the maples and elms? 124 AGRICULTURE. bU. \\ lial about llic trees lluiE gruw lii iure&lb and tiiute tliat grow in open spaces? 81. what IS meant by the annual rings and ^\liat nse is made of tile annual ring? ti2. Teii about the two layers of the annual rings. 83. Tell about the siow and rapid growing trees. Ciive ex- amples of each, 84. List the dill'erent kinds ol trees in vour neighborhood. Classify tiiem into slow and rapid growing trees. 85. What is meant by nauve woods ajid Vihy has so much of our native woods been removed? 8G. What about the dilferent kinds ol trees found in our native woods? 87. Upon what does our timber depend and what are the two kinds of trees that grow in every timber? 88. Upon what does the number of tree S23ecies depend? 89. Tell about the tulip tree, the papaw^, and the buckeye- 90. What is one of our most eoinmon trees? Name several varieties. 91. What is the sumach? 92. What is said al)out the dogwood and the persimmon trees ? 93. Name other common trees of our timbers. 94. What is said about saplings and seedlings? 95. What use has been made in Illinois of the wooded regions that have been cleared? 96. WHiat are the enemies of the forests and which do most liarni ? 97. Tell how insects kill trees. 98. How can caterpillars be destroyed? 99. How can insects that feed upon the U';ives l)e (k'stroyed? 100. W'hat about a tree that lias lieen badly used by bores? 101. What about trees that are l)ad!y affected In- fungi? 102. How are fungi spread? 103. Tell how surface fires destroy trees. 104. Tell how storms damage the trees. 105. Tell about the conservation of our forests. 106. What are the uses of trees? 107. What is a woodlot and what is the area of a farm woodlot ? lOS. Where is the woodlot generally located? 109. Name several good trees to use around the home. no. Toll how we should caro for and protect our trees. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS IIIIIII|I||||||||{I||||I||||I|||||I!I|I||||||IUII1IIIII II 019 741 159 4