CHARLES L. JONES, Bookseller and Stationer, NEAR I4th ST., NEW YORK. Wedding and Visiting Cards elegantl}^ engraved. Mon- ograms, Crests, etc., artistically designed and engraved. Ladies' fine Note Paper and Envelopes. Standard Works in plain and elegant binding. F. W. CHRISTERN, FOREIGN BOOKSELLER AND IMPORTER, No. 863 BHOADWAY, Between lyxH & i8th Sts., NEW YORK. Specialty for the Importation of French, German, Ital- ian, Spanish, and other Foreign Books and Periodicals. James Miller, Publisher^ Bookseller^ and STATIONER, 522 BROADWAY, New York, OPPOSITE ST. NICHOLAS HOTEL. Wedding and Visiting Cards engraved in the highest style of art. Plain and Fancy Stationery in great variety. All kinds of binding executed with despatch. New books sui)plied on the day of pubircation. HAMILTON FIRE INSL'MNCE CO. OFFICE, NO. 11 WALL STREET, NKW YORK. €aiHt«aI, - - - - $150,000. Total Assets, $301,675. vNSURE AT LOWEST RATES. LOSSES PROMPTLY PAID. JAMES GILMORE. Secretary. J. C. WINANS, rret^ideut niREexoRS TIMOTHY H. r.lTRGEK, THOMAS MORTON, HENRY DAVID, CHAS. JKNKINS. M. M. VAN HUREN, J. W. BROWN. EDWARD E COWLES, ARCHIBALD PARK, EDWARD SCULLY, HARKISON P. LISCOMB, ('MAS. C WHITE. NATHAN WOltLEY, H. A MAYEREAU, WM. MILES, DANIEL S. SCHANK, NELSON SAM MIS. .TOSIAH M. WHITNEY. CLEMENT S. PARSONS, DAVID COLLAMORE. HAMILTON BLYDENBUKG, DANIEL D. WHITNEY, ABM. WAKEMAN, R. G. HATFIELD. CYRUS H. LOUTI'.EL. ISRAEL C. LAWRENCE, B. McFEELEY, H. H. SMITH. Jr., J WINDMULLER. THOS. FESSENDEN, GEORGE TUONOT, SAMUEL r.LOCH. W. H. MONTANYEA, JOHN A. P,AUSH. ADDINGTON KEED, THOMAS WEBB, GEO. C.JEFFRIES, N. A CIIILDS, WM. VAN NAME, S. S. WYCKOFF, J. C. WINANS. PARLOR ORaAN ivasw ano^ FRANG'S AMERICAN CHROMOS. Published to September 1st, 1S67» 3b»xjxjXj c:;zz:fi.oivi:os. 1 The Poultry Yard, after E. Lemniens, size 10 x 14)^ Price $5.00 3 Poultry-life^B \ Companion pictures, size 6}^x8 Price per pair 4.50 4 CorrejiKio's Map;dalena, size 12^ x 16% Price 10.00 5 Dead Game, after G. Bossett . size 9 x 11 " 3.00 6 Flower Bouquet, size l^% x 1614 " 6.00 7 Blackberries in Vase, after Lilly M. Spencer, size 13J^ x 163^ " 6.00 8 Under the Apple-tree, » Companion pictures, ( p • ; ^ ^0 9 Rest on the Road-side, S after Niles, size 7 x 9, ( ^"'^^ P®*^ P^"^ ^'^ 10 Cherries and Basket, after V. (iranbery, size 13 x 18 Price 7.50 11 Strawberries and basket do. . size 13 x 18 " 7,50 12 Kit's Play-ground, after A. Bruith, size 11 x 17^^ " 6.00 13 A Friend in Need, after F. Schlesinger, size 13 x 17 " 6.00 14 Album of Cuba, 4 views, size of each 10 x 13 Price per set 4.00 15 Autumn Leaves — Maple, size 11 x 14 Price 1.00 16 Autumn Leaves— Oak and Elm, size 11 x 14 " 1.00 17 Wood Mosses and Ferns, after Miss Robbms, size 11 x 15 " 1.00 18 Bird's Nest and Lichens, do. do. " 1.00 19 Nine A. M. : views after Ruggles, size each 4 x.5}^. ..per set of 9 copies 9.00 20 Group of Chickens, after Tait, size 10 x 12 Price 5.00 21 Group of Ducklings, do. do " 5.00 22 Group of Quails, do. size 10>^ x 11 " 5.00 23 Six A. M. ; landscapes after Brisher, size 4}^ x 9 Price per set 6.00 24 Early Aiitumn on Esopus Creek, N. Y., after Brisher, size 9 x 18. Price 6.00 25 Late Autumn in the White Mountains, do. do. " 6.00 26 The Bulfinch, after Wm. Cruiekshank, size 8 x 10. .* " 3.00 27 The Linet, do. do " 3.00 28 Going to the Bath, after Bouguereau, size 9 x 12 " 3.00 29 The Sisters, do. do " 3.00 zz.^\.Xj:f c:;zzxi.o]vco£». 30 Piper and Nutcrackers, after Landseer, size 10 x 12 Price 2.00 31 do. do. size 6)^ x 8 " 1.00 32 Mother's Care, 8>< x 11>^ •' 1.25 33 Victory, or the Remedy worse than the Evil, 10 x 12?^ " 2.00 34 do. do. do. 6>^ x 9 " 1.00 35 Awakening, size 8>^ x 12 " 2.00 ■ 36 The Twins. No. 1, size 10 x 11>^ " 2.00 37 Twelve views on the Hudson, size each 5x7 Price per set 2.00 38 Twelve A. M., and foreign views, do. do. 2.00 39 Twelve A. M., Coast Scenes do. do. 2.00 40 The Old Dock Square Ware House in Boston, size 19 x 21 .Price 1.00 41 The Winter Wren, size 6)4 k 8)4 " 1.00 42 The Ruby Crowned Wren, size 6>^ x 8>^ " 1.00 43 The Savannah Sparrow, size 6>^ x 8K " 1.00 44 The Black-throated Blue Warbler " 1.00 45 The Twins. No. 2, size 10 x llj^ " 2.00 46 Not Caught Yet, size 8^ x 17% " 2.00 47 Just Caught, size 8K x 173^ " 2.00 48 Morning, after Rosa Bonheur, size 12 x 18 " 5.00 49 Evening, do. do " 6.00 50 May Flowers, size 8 x 10 " 1.00 51 Apple Blossoms, size 8 x 10 " 1.00 Sold by Booksellers and Picture Dealm's Generally, or sent by Mail on receipt of price. L. PRANG & CO., Art Publishers, JVo. ^59 Wasliinffton St., Soston, Mass. MILLER'S MW YOM AS IT IS, OB STRANGER'S GUIDE-BOOK TO THE CITIES OF ]SIEW rOEK, BKOOKLYK AND ADJACENT PLACES: COMPRISING ?fOTICF,S OF EVERY OBJECT OF INTEREST TO STRANGERS; INCLUDING PUBLIC BUILDINGS, CHURCHES. HOTELS PLACES OF AMUSEMENT, LITERARY INSTITUTIONS, Eto. Wiitli Map an!) nutntrous SIluBtrationaL N E W Y R K : JAMES MILLER, 522 BROADWAY. I 1867. Entered according to Act of Cotigress, fti the year 1866, By JAMES MILLER, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the CTnited States ft>f the Southern District of New Tofk. 2^j CONTENTS PAQB. Historical Localities 5 Historic Retrospect 13 General View 20 New York as it is 23 Pnrks and Public Squares 27 Public Buildings ■ • . • 35 Benevolent Institutions 89 Literary and Scientific Institutions 48 Theolodfal Institutions 58 New York Press 60 flaces of Amusement 63 Carmen 65 Hotels 66 Churclies of New York 71 filegant Private Residences 80 Notable Stores, &c 82 Banks 86 Savings Banks 88 Public Works 89 Clipper Shij.s, Packets, &c 92 Forts and Fortifications 92 Principal RestMurants and Saloons 93 Principal Hotels 94 New York Markets 94 Ocean Steatnsbips 95 Telegraph Lines 98 Foreign Consuls 96 Omnibuses and Rail Cars 99 KailroiKis 102 The Ferries 104 Expresses and depots 105 List of Piers. I(i6 The City of Brooklyn 107 Brooklyn Hotels 112 '— Public Institutions 112 Greenwood Cemetery 113 Churches of Brooklyn 115 Brooklyn City Railroads 117 Pleasure Excursions 118 The Environs of the City 120 Distances in the City 122 The Hudson River 123 Bui)plemental Hints 128 Metropolitan Police.... 133 NEW YORK AS IT WAS. HISTORICAL LOCALITIES. The denizens of New York are such utilitarians that they have sacriticed to the shrine of Mammon almost every relic of the olden time. The feeling of venera- tion for the past, so characteristic of the cities of the Old World, is lamentably deficient among the people of the New. Still, as there are some who may take an in- terest in knowing even the sites of memorable historic places of the city, we will briefly refer to some of them. Few, we presume, are not patriotic enougli to gaze with interest as they pass through Franklin Square, on the site of the old town mansion of Washington, which stood at the northeast angle of Franklin Square and Pearl street ; or tread the sod of Fort Greene, Brooklyn, that battle-ground of the Martyrs of Liberty. Taking the Battery as a starting-point, the first ob- ject of historic interest we encounter, is the old Ken- nedy House^ No. 1 Broadway. During the war of in- dependence, it was successively the residence of Lord CornwalHs, Gen, Clinton, Lord Howe, and Gen. Wash- ington. This house was erected in 1760, by Hon. Capt. Kennedy, who returned to England prior to the Revolution. It subsequently came into the possession of his youngest son, from whom it ultimately passed into that of the late Nathaniel Prime. Talleyrand passed some time under its roof. From this house anxious eyes watched the destruc- tion of the statue of George III., in the Bowling Green ; and a few years afterwards, other eyes saw, 1* 6 NEW YOEK A9 IT WAS. from its windows, the last soldiers of that king passing forever from our shores. Still later, others looked sadly on the funeral of Fulton, who died in a house which had been built in what was once the garden. Here Arnold concerted his treasonable project with Andre at the Clinton's — his head-quarters at the time. Arnold also occupied more frequently the third house from the Battery, in Broadway. Arnold is said to have had a sentinel at his door. When his traitorous character had become known, he used to be saluted in the streets by the epithet of "the traitor-general." He was guarded by an escort from Sir Henry Clinton, Gen. Gage's head-quarters, in 1765, was the small low building since known as the Atlantic Garden. The Bowling Green was originally inclosed, in 1732, " with walks therein for the beauty and ornament of said street, as well as for the sports and delight of the inhabitants of the citie." In 1697, it was resolved "that the lights be hung out in the darke time of the moon within this citty, and for the use of the inhabitants ; and that every 7th house doe hang out a Ian thorn and a candle in it," &c. The site of the old Government house is now occu- pied by a range of dwelling-houses, at the south side of the inclosure, called the Bowling Green. It was subsequently used as the Custom House (from 1790 to 1815), when it was taken down. Earlier recollections even belong to this location ; here the Dutch and Eng- lish forts were erected. At the corner of Wall and WiUiam streets, now the Bank of New York, once stood the statue of William Pitt. The old Stadt Huys stood at Coenties Slip. On the site of the pres- ent U. 8. Treasury, was situated the Town Hall, or " Congress Hall," which included also the Law Courts and Prison. In front of this building were the stocks, a pillory, and a whipping-post. This edifice was sub- sequently converted into a hall of legislature. It was in its gallery, on Wall street, in April, 1789, that Gen. Washington was inaugurated the Jirst FrefU HISTORICAL LOCALITIES. 7 dent of the United States. This important public cere- mony, the oath of ofRce, took place in the open gallery in front of the Senate Chamber, in the vieAv of an im- mense concourse of citizens. There stood Washington, 'invested with a suit of dark silk velvet, of the old cut, steel-hilted small-sword by his side, hair in bag and full powdered, in black silk hose, and shoes with silver buckles, as he took the oath of. office, to Chancel- lor Livingston. Dr. Duer thus describes the scene of the inauguration : •■' This auspicious ceremony took place under the por- tico of Federal Hall, upon the balcony in front of the Senate Chamber, in the immediate presence of both Houses of Congress, and in full view of the crowds that thronged the adjacent streets. The oath was ad- ministered by Chancellor Livingston, and when the illustrious chief had kissed the book, the Chancellor, with a loud voice, proclaimed, "Long live George Washington, President of the United States." Never shall I forget the thrilling effect of the thundering cheers which burst forth, as from one voice, peal after peal from the assembled multitude. Nor was it the voices alone of the people that responded to the an- nouncement, their hearts beat in unison with the echoes resounding through the distant streets; and many a tear stole down the rugged cheeks of the hard- iest of the spectators, as well I noted from my station in an upper window of the neighboring house of Col. Hamilton." Washington's farewell interview with his officers took place at France's Tavern, corner of Pearl and Broad streets. New York is noted for its pageants and processions. That on the occasion of the last visit of Gen. Lafay- ette, presented the most imposing spectacle of its time. In ancient times boats were used to convey passen- gers across Pearl street. Canal and Cliff streets derive their names from a like circumstance. The Old Dutch records show that the outskirts of the town were di- 8 NEW YORK AS IT WAS. vided into farms — called " Bouwerys ;" From this fact the Bowery derived its name. The hills were sometimes precipitous, as from Beek- man's and Peck's hills, and in the neighborhood of Pearl, Beeknian, and Ferry streets, and from the Middle Dutch Church, in Nassau street, down to Maiden lane; and sometimes gradually sloping, as on either hills along the line of the water, coursing through Maiden lane. When Hamilton acted as Secretary of the Treasury, he wrote the " Federalist," at a house in Wall street^ between Broad and William streets, its site being now occupied by the Mechanics' Bank. His last residence was the Grange, at Bloomingdale. He lived also for some time at Bayard House on the banks of the North Elver. His hapless duel with Burr, near Weehawken, is pointed out to visitors, — a stone marks the spot where Hamilton fell. Leisler and Milbourne, the proto-martyrs of popular liberty in America, met with a sanguinary death, May 16th, 1691, on the verge of Beekmau's swamp, near the spot where Tammany Hall now stands. Where Catharine street now stands, was the spot where the stamps were burnt, at the dead of night, by citizens, in the year 1776. Benjamin Franklin, while residing in New York, used as an observatory for experimenting on electricity, the steeple of the old Dutch Church, — now the Post-Office, in Nassau street. Who will not gaze with interest at this starting-point of that luminous train which now en- circles the globe, and by which we communicate in let- ters of light, with our antipodes, almost with the celer- ity of thought. The old City Hotel, in Broadway, the site of which is now occupied by a row of brown stone buildings, was for a long time the most notable edifice of the kind in the city. Here Washington, with his suite, attended the brilliant assemblies of his days. A still more interesting relic of the past, was the old HISTORICAL LOCALITIES. 9 Jugar-Honse Prison, which, till within a very few years, stood in Liberty street, adjacent to the Dutch Olinrch, now the Post-Office. It was founded in 1689, and oc- cupied as a sugar-refining foctory, till 1777, whec. Lord Howe converted it into a place of confinement for American prisoners. Here is a sketch of it. The old Walton House, in Pearl street (Xo. 326), was one of the memorabilia of 'New York city. This cele- brated mansion was erected, in 1754, by Walton, a wealthy English merchant. It continued in possession of the family during the Revolutionary war, and was the scene of great splendor and festivity. Washington's city mansion stood at the junction of Main and Pearl streets — the northern angle of Franklin Square. Here the General was accustomed to hold state levees. The Old Brewery, at the Five Points, recently taken down, is deserving of some notice. Its purlieus were those of wretchedness and crime ; they have been fitly described as '" an exhibition of poverty without a par- 10 NEW TOEK AS IT WAS. allel — a scene of degradation too appalling to be believed, and too shocking to be disclosed, where you find crime without punishment, — disgrace without shame, — sin without compunction, — and death without hope." During the past few years, the attention of the be- nevolent has been attracted to this locality, and a missionary station has been erected there, under the direction of Mr. Pease. The entire cost of the estab- lishment has been estimated at over $80,000. The old Methodist Church in John street, nearly facing Dutch street, is an object of antiquarian interest. In William street, about midway between John and Fulton streets, stands a range of modern houses, about the centre of which was the birth-place of Washington Irving. Old Governor Stuyvesant's house, a fine view of which is annexed, stood upon his " Bowerie Farm," a little to the south of St. Mark's Church, between the Second and Third Avenues. A pear-tree, imported HISTORICAL LO0ALITIE3. 11 from Holland in 1647, by Stuyvesant, and planted in his garden, yet flourishes on the corner of Thirteenth street and Third Avenue, the only living relic which preserves the memory of the renowned Dutch Gov- nor. This patriarchal tree is two hundred and twelve years old. We present the reader with 2l facsimile of Governor Stuyvesant's seal. He lived eighteen years after the change in the gov- ernment, and at his death was buried in his vault within the chapel. Over his remains was placed a slab (which may yet be seen in the eastern wall of St. Mark's), with the following inscription : " In this vault lies buried Petrus Stuyvesant, late Captain General and Commander-in-Chief of Amsterdam, in New Nether- lands, now called New York, and the Dutch West India Islands. Died in August, a. d., 1682, aged eighty years." At the corner of Charlton and Yarick streets stood a wooden building, formerly of considerable celebrity, known as the " Richmond Hill House." It has had many distinguished occupants, having been successively the residence of General Washington, John Adams, and Aaron Burr. It has been the scene of great festivities. Baron Steuben, Chancellor Livingston, and numerous 12 NEW YORK AS It WAS. ■iii^$^0^- other notable men of their times, having met within its walls. Aaron Burr once lived at the corner of Cedar and Nassau streets, and, after he held the office of Vice- President, at the corner of Pine and Nassau. Cobbett kept his seed store at 62 Fulton street. His farm was at Plempstead, Long Island. Grant Tborburn^s celebrated seed store, which was one of the notiible objects of the city, in its time, was in Liberty street, between Nassau and Broadway, and oc- cupied as large a space as the present establishment in John street. His store was previously used for a Qua- ker meeting-house, the first that that society had erect- ed in the city. The brick meeting-house, built in 1764, in Beekman Broad WAV. lookix life M T) R A r ^v A V . looking up from Kxcii as qi: Place HISTORICAL LOCALITIES. 13 street, near Nassau street, then standing on open fields, was the place where Whitefield preached. On the site of the present Metropolitan Hotel, once lived tlie diplomatist — Talleyrand, when ambassador to the United States. He published a small tract on America, once much read ; he it was who affirmed tliat the greatest sight he had ever beheld in this country, was Hamilton, with his pile of books under his arm, proceeding to the court-room in the old City Hall, in order to expound the law. James Riviugton, from London, opened a bookstore in 1761, near the foot of Wall street, from which his " Royal Gazetteer " was published in April, 1773. Gaine's '' New York Mercury," in Hanover Square, was established in 1752 ; Holt's " New York Journal," in Dock (Pearl) street, near Wall, commenced in 1776 ; and Anderson's " Constitutional Gazette," a very small sheet, was published for a few months in 1775, at Beek- man's Slip. Gaine kept a bookstore under the sign of the Bible and Crown, at Hanover Square, for forty years. Among the early publishers and booksellers, may be named. Evert I)uyckinck, who lived at the corner of Pearl street and Old Slip ; and Isaac Collins, George A. Hop- kins, Samuel Campbell, and T. & J. Swords. William Barlas, of Maiden Lane, was himself an ex- cellent scholar. He published classical books. He was the friend and correspondent of Newton — Cowper's friend. HISTORICAL RETROSPECT. In the year 1607, the memorable year in which forty- seven learned men began the English version of the Bible, Henry Hudson sailed in search of a northeast passage to India. For two seasons he strove in vain to 2 14: NKW YORK AS IT WAS. penetrate the ice barriers, and then turned homeward. His patrons abandoned their enterprise, and Hudson went over to Holland and entered the service of the Dutch East India Company, whose fleets then agitated the waters of almost every sea. On the 3d of September, 1609, the intrepid navigator first entered the Bay of New York. Here commence the acknowledged chronicles of European civilization on these shores of the newly-discovered continent, over which, till then, the wild Indian had held undisputed sway. According to Scandinavian records, it is af- firmed, the Norsemen visited our shores even prior to the discovery of the continent by the famed Genoese. Among those supposed early navigators, was Prince Madoc; and Verrazani, who, in the year 1514, is be- lieved to have anchored in these waters, and explored the coast of what was then known as part of ancient Vinland. We shall take a cursory glance at the lead- ing events which have been handed down to us, since they will serve to illustrate the progressive advance- ment of the civilized, over the savage forms of life, of which this memorable island has been the theatre. Although Hudson has not recorded, in his diary, his landing in the harbor of New York, we possess a tra- dition of the event, by Heckewelder, the Indian histo- rian. He describes the natives as greatly perplexed and terrified when they beheld the approach of the strange object — the ship in the offing. They deemed it a visit from the Manitou, coming in his big canoe, and began to prepare an entertainment for his recep- tion. " By-and-by, the chief, in red clothes and a glitter of metal^ with others, came ashore in a smaller canoe ; mutual salutations and signs of friendship were exchanged ; and after a while, strong drink was oifered, which made all gay and happy. In time, as their mu- tual acquaintance progressed, the white shins told them they would stay with them, if they allowed them as much land for cultivation as the hide of a bullock, spread before them, could cover or encompass. The HISTOEIOAL BKTROSPEOT. 15 request was gratified ; and the pale men, thereupon, beginning at a starting point on the hide, cut it up into one long extended narrow strip, or thong, sufficient to encompass a large place. Their cunning equally sur- prised and amused the confiding and simple Indians, who willingly allowed the success of their artifice, and backed it with a cordial welcome." Such was the ori- gin of the site of New York, on the place called Man- hattan (i. e. Manahachtanienks), a revelling name, im- porting "the place where they all got drunk!" and a name then bestowed by the Indians, as commemorative of that first great meeting. Hudson afterwards proceeded to explore the North River, since called after his name — the Hudson. The Half-Moon anchored at Yonkers, and the Indians came off in canoes to traflic with the strangers. But the river narrowed beyond the Highlands, and Hudson, after sailing up as far as the site of Albany, retraced his way to Manhattan, and at once sailed for Europe. His favorable reports gave rise to an expedition of two ships in 1614, under Captains Adrian Block and Hend- rick Ohristiaanse. It was under their auspices that the first actual settlement was begun upon the site of the present New York, consisting in the first year oi four houses^ and in the next year of a redoubt on the site of the Bowling Green. To this small village they gave the name of New Amsterdam. The settlement was of a commercial and military character, having for its object the traflic in Xh^fur trade. At the time Holland projected this scheme of com- mercial settlement, she possessed 20,000 vessels and 100,000 mariners. The city of Amsterdam was at the head of the enterprise. From its earliest period, "Nieuw Amsterdam" had a checkered history. The English turned towards it a wistful eye, and took it from the Dutch in 1664, who succeeded, however, in recovering it in 1673. Not more than a year after, it was ceded again to the British, and underwent a change of name, from New Amsterdam 16 NEW TOEK AS IT WAS. to New York, in honor of James, duke of York, to whom it was made over by Charles the Second. From this period it began to make progress, although slowly, in buildings, population, and municipal arrangements. The city, prior to British rule (that is in 1656), was laid out in streets, some of them crooked enough, and contained " one hundred and twenty houses with ex- tensive garden lots," and about one thousand inhab- itants. In 1677, another estimate reports that it com- prised three hundred and sixty-eight houses, while its assessed property amounted to ninety-five thousand pounds sterling. During the military rule of Governor Colve, who held the city for one year under the above-mentioned capture, for the States of Holland, every thing partook of a military character, and the laws still in preserva- tion at Albany show the energy of a rigorous discipline. Then the Dutch mayor, at the head of the city militia, held his daily parades before the City Hall (Stadt Huys), then at Coenties Slip ; and every evening at sunset, he received from the principal guard of the fort, called the hoofd-wagt^ the keys of the city, and thereupon proceeded with a guard of six, to lock the city gates; then to place a 'burger-wagt — a citizen guard, as night- watch, at assigned places. The same mayors also went the rounds at sunrise to open the gates, and to restore the keys to the officers of the fort. In 1683, the first constitutional assembly, consisting of a council of ten, and eighteen representatives, was elected, to aid in the administration of public affairs. In this year the ten original counties were organized. In 1685, on the demise of Charles II., the Duke of York ascended the throne, with the title of James II. This bigoted monarch signahzed himself by forbidding the establishment of a printing-press in the colony. Gov. Dongan was far better than his sovereign, and at length was recalled in consequence of his remon- strances against other arbitrary measures he was in- structed to carry out with regard to the confedera^t© HISTORICAL RETROSPECT. 17 Indian tribes and the Jesuits. Andres was appointed to supersede liini, but his also was but a short reign, for the popuhice grew disaffected, and in a civil com- motion, one Jacob Leisler, a Dutch merchant, was pro- claimed leader, and ultimately invested with the reins of government. He also summoned a convention of deputies, from those portions of the province over which his influence extended. This convention levied taxes, and adopted other measures, for the temporary government of the colony; and thus for the first time in its existence, was the colony of New York under a free government. The strong prejudices, however, which had been awakened by Leisler's measures, soon produced in the minds of his adversaries a rancorous bitterness, which was, perhaps, never surpassed in the annals of any political controversy. This condition of tilings existed for nearly two years. To the horrors of civil commotion, were added the mis- eries of hostile invasion by the French in Canada. The earliest dawn of intellectual light — for the diffu- sion of popular intelligence had been heretofore wholly neglected — was the establishment of a free Grammar School in 1702. In 1725, the first newspaper made its appearance; and four years later, the city received the donation of a Public Library of 1642 volumes, from England. In 1732, a public Classical Academy was founded by law; and with the advance of general in- telhgence came a higher appreciation of popular rights. But New York was destined to be convulsed by a series of commotions ; and among them the memorable one known as the Negro Plot, which resulted in a great destruction of life. The trade of New York increased. Her ships were already seen in many foreign ports; neither Boston nor Philadelphia surpassed her in the extent of her commercial operations. Provisions, linseed-oil, furs, lumber, and iron, were the principal exports. From 1749 to 1750, two hundred and eighty-six vessels left 2* 18 NEW YORK AS IT WAS. New York, with cargoes principally of flour and grain. In 1755, nearly thirteen thousand hogsheads of flax seed were shipped abroad. The relations of the colonies with the mother coun- try were assuming a serious aspect. In 1765, a con gress of delegates raet at New York, and prepared a declaration of their rights and grievances. The arri- val of the stamped paper, so notorious in the colonial annals of America, towards the end of this year, marked the commencement of a series of explosions that were not to terminate until the city and colony oi New York, in common with the other colonies, were forever rent from the dominion of Great Britain. The non-importation agreements of the merchants of New York, and other places, in 1768, were followed by stringent measures on the part of the British govern- ment. War was the result. On the 28th of June, 1776, the British army and fleet, which had been driven from the city and harbor of Boston, entered the southern bay of New York. The troops were landed upon Staten Island. On the 22d of August, the British forces crossed the Narrows and encamped near Brooklyn, where the American army was stationed. The battle of Long Island en- sued, in which, owing to unfortunate circumstances, the Americans were entirely defeated. Washington, with consummate skill, crossed the river the succeed- ing night, without observation ; but the previous dis- asters, and the subsequent successful landing of the British troops at Kip's Bay, rendered it impossible to save the city. For eight years New York was the head-quarters of the British troops, and the prison-house of Ameri- can captives. Public buildings were despoiled, and churches converted into hospitals and prisons. A fire in 1776, sweeping along both sides of Broadway, de- stroyed one eighth of the buildings of New York. On the 25th of November, 1783, the forces of Great Britain evacuated the city, and Washington and the mSTOKIOAL EETKOSPECT. 19 Governor of the State made a public and triumphal entry. This important national event, forming the brightest day in the American calendar, is annually celebrated with appropriate military pomp and parade. In ten years after the war of inde])endence, i!Tew York had donbled its inhabitants. Yet the city had repeatedly suffered from the scourge of the yellow fever, from calamitous fires, &c. Notwithstanding all, its commercial enterprise has been rapidly and largely increasing, while its shipping has gallantly spread over every sea, and won the admiration of the world. The first establishment of regular lines of packets to Eu- rope originated with New York, and it is also claimed for her the honor of the first experiments in steam-nav- igation. Improvements hitherto had been principally con- nected with foreign commerce. But an impulse was now to be given to inland trade by the adoption of an extensive system of canal-navigation. Several smaller works were cast into the shade by the completion of the gigantic Erie Canal, in 1825. The union of the Atlantic with the Lakes, was announced by the firing of cannon along the whole line of the canal and of the Hudson, and was celebrated at New York by a mag- nificent aquatic procession, which, to indicate more clearly the navigable communication that had been opened, deposited in the ocean a portion of the waters of Lake Erie. Municipal history is a narrative of alternate suc- cesses and reverses. For many years nothing had occurred to mar the prosperity of the city. Again misfortune came. In 1832 the x\siatic cholera appear- ed, and 4360 fell victims to the disease. This calamity had scarcely passed, when the great fire of 1835 de- stroyed, in one night, more than 600 buildings, and property to the value of over $20,000,000. The city had not recovered from the effects of this disaster, when the commercial revulsions of 1836 and 1837 20 NEW YORK AS IT WAS. shook public and private credit to their centre, and in volved many of the most wealthy houses of New York in hopeless bankruptcy. The completion of the Croton Aqueduct, in 1842, re- moved the inconvenience of a deficiency of water, and left an imperishable monument to the glory of New York. A temporary check in the progress of the city was sustained by the great fire of 1845, which destroyed property to the extent of about $7,000,000 ; but shortly afterwards a new and vigorous impulse was again given to the commercial enterprise of the metropolis, by the constant influx of gold from the seeming exhaustless resources of the El Dorado of the Pacific. GENERAL VIEW. The City of New York, from its geographical posi- tion, having become tne great centre of commercial enterprise, is justly regarded as the Metropolitan City of the New World. In mercantile im])ortance it bears the same relation to the United States that London does to Great Britain. Its past history is replete with in- terest, for it has been the theatre of some of the most important events that pertain to our country's memo- rable career: and although it possesses fewer historio shrines than are to be found in many cities of the Old World, yet its chronicles still live as treasured relics in the hearts of its people, and on the page of its national records. If we take a retrospective glance, we shall find that a little more than two centuries ago, this island of Mannahata — its earliest recorded name, had its birth-day of civilization in a few rude huts, and a fort situated where the Bowling Green now stands; and, in this comparatively brief interval in the lifetime of a na- tion, it has bounded from the infant Dorp or village into GENERAL VIEW. 2] a noble city of palaces with its half million of inhabit- ants. It is now the great workshop of the Western world — the busy hive of industry, with its tens ot thousands of artisans, mechanics, and merchants, send- ing out to all sections of its wide-spread domain, the magic results of machinery for all departments of han- dicraft, and argosies of magnificent vessels for garner- ing in the wealth of foreign climes. If we glance prospectively, how shall we venture to limit its progTessive march in opulence and greatness? In less than half a century hence, it will doubtless double its present numerical importance. As illustra- tions of the enormous increase in the value of real estate, it may be mentioned that a lot on the northwest corner of Chambers street and Broadway, was pur- chased by a gentleman who died in 1858, for $1000. Its present value is now estimated at no less a sum than $125,000. The site on which the new Herald building now •stands was lately purchased by James Gordon Bennett, Esq., for four hundred and fifty thousand dollars, in- cluding two hundred thousand dollars paid to Bar- num for an unexpired lease of thirteen years, held at the time his American Museum was burned. Also the lot immediately adjoining this, with a frontage of less than sixty feet, on Broadway, was sold at auction a short time since for three hundred and ten thousand dollars! A little more than two centuries since, the entire site of this noble city was purchased of the Indians for what w^as equivalent to the nominal sum of twenty- four dollars. Now the total amount of its assessed j)roperty tax is ten and a half millions of dollars. If such vast accessions of wealth have characterized the history of the past, who shall compute the constantly augmenting resources of its onward course? Half a century ago, the uses of the mighty agents of steam and the electric current were unknown : now the whole surface of our vast country is threaded over with a 22 NEW YORK AS IT WAS. net- work of railroads, and our seas, lakes, and rivera are thickly studded with steamers; stately vessels, freighted with the fruits of commerce, all tending to this city as the central mart of trade. Half a century ago it took weeks to transmit news from New York to New Orleans — now our communications are conveyed over the length and breadth of the land almost with the velocity of the lightning's flash. Within a like in- terval the most rapid printing-press was slowly worked by hand-power — now the winged messengers of intel- ligence are multiplied with the marvellous rapidity of 60,000 copies an hour. While the mechanic arts have thus revolutionized the social condition of the past, a corresponding change has marked its history, in the establishment of numerous schools of learning — dif- fusing their beneficent influence on the minds and morals of the masses. Then, again, as respects its costly stores and private residences. New York seems to vie with London and Paris. All along Broadway, and its intersecting streets, the eye is greeted everywhere by long lines of marble and stone buildings, many of them of great architect- ural elegance. The several broad Avenues and Squares, in the upper part of the city, are studded with a succes- sion of splendid mansions — in some instances costing from $50,000 to $200,000 each. There are, it is esti- mated, some three hundred churches, many of them of costly and magnificent proportions ; while its superb hotels — the boast of the metropolis — are, in some in- stances, capable of accommodating about one thousand guests. How mighty and far-reaching must its influence be- come in its future progress, it were difficult to compute: since its numerical extent, numbering at present, if we include Brooklyn and the adjacent places on the west, over a million of souls, will ere long place it, in the Bcale of cities of the world, in the foremost rank. )9- )le of )n- in- de ,he te er, I— in us yet 3s : its ex the lity on- jre, ne- lam pse few Broadway in fiiont of Jas, Miller's Book Store. art fre thi ag( Ne ov< the ter by lig< 60, tbi cor est fus mo 1 res Pai the anc ura in 1 sio; froi ma cos hot stai Sim inc ove ^KBca NEW YORK AS IT IS. Society in New York has many phases — it is cos- mopohtan — an amalgam, composed of all imaginable varieties and shades of character. It is a confluence of many streams, whose waters are ever turbid and con* fused in their rushing to this great vortex. What in- congruous elements are here commingled, — the rude and the refined, the sordid and the self-sacrificing, the religious and the profane, the learned and the illiterate the afiiuent and the destitute, the thinker and the doer, the virtuous and the ignoble, the young and the aged^- all nations, dialects, and sympathies — all habits, man ners, and customs of the civilized globe. City life everywhere presents protean aspects ; let us take a glance at some of its more striking features, Qotwithstanding the mixed multitudes that are inces- santly thronging its various avenues. There are yet certain localities that exhibit distinct characteristics : life in Wall-street presents an epitomized view of it? mercantile phase. Here are its banks, its money-ex changers, and their great place of rendezvous, the Exchange ; beneath the dome of which many mighty projects have had their birth. Here have been con- cocted vast schemes of commercial enterprise, and here, too, have originated many noble acts of public bene- faction. Up Nassau street, to its junction with Chatham street, of mock-auction notoriety, we catch a glimpse of another phase of city life. To denizens of New 24 CITY OF NEW YOKE. f York, society is usually known under the generic di- visions of Broadway and Bowery. Eacli 1ias its dis- tinct idiosyncracies: the former being regarded as patrician, and the latter as plebeian. Looking at New York longitudinally, we may say that Canal street, at present, marks the boundary of the great workshop. In the precincts of Union Square and Madison Square, and especially the Fifth Avenue, we find the monu- ments of the wealth, taste, and splendor of its citizens. The southern part of the city — its original site — ex- hibits all kinds of irregularity — the streets are narrow, sinuous and uneven in their surface; but tlie northern or upper portion is laid out in right angles. There are some twelve fine avenues, at parallel distances apart of about 800 feet. There are about 200 miles of paved streets in the Metropolis, extending to Forty-fourth street; exclusive of projected streets not yet paved, over 100 streets more. The city has been hiid out and surveyed to tlie extent of 12 miles from the Battery. The portion occupied exceeds in circumference more than extent. Perhaps the densest parts of the Metropolis, — its very heart, from whence issues the vitalizing tide of its commerce, — is the junction of Nassau and Fulton streets, and its vicinity. The collision of interests which all the stir and traffic of these crowded scenes involve, brings human nature into strong relief, and intensifies the liglits and shades of character. It is in these dusty avenues to wealtii— these vesti- bules where fraud contends with honor fur an entrance into the temple, that we read the heart of man better than in books. The great characteristic of New York is din and ex- citement, — every thing is done in a hurry — all is intense anxiety. It is especially noticeable in the leading thoroughfare of Broadway ; where the noise and con- fusion caused by the incessant passing and repassing of some 18,000 vehicles a day, render it a Babel scene of confusion. A birh's eye view. 29 Kew York has been ever and jnstlj renowned for its catholic and liberal public benefactions and charities. Among her many glories, this is most conspicuous. New York may be called the asylum for the oppressed and distressed of all nations. Abounding in beneficent institutions suited to the relief of the various "ills that flesh is heir to," and enriched with the most liberal en- dowments for classical and popular instruction, she bears the palm in all that pertains to the moral, intel- lectual, and physical advancement of society. It is true we are a mercantile and money-making people, but the empire city is an illustration of some of its noblest uses. By way of introduction to the city in detail, we rec- ommend the visitor first to get a bird's-eye view oi it from the steeple of Trinity church. A view from this elevation, over 320 feet in height, affords a good idea of the general extent and topography of the city. The tower is accessible to the public at any time of the day, excepting the hours devoted to divine service, morning and afternoon. To facilitate the ascent of the church tower there are landing-places ; at the first of these you have a fine view of the interior of this Cathedral-like edifice. At the next resting-place is the belfry, with its solemn chimes : here too is a balcony allowing us a first view of the city. Still higher up we gain a magnificent panoramic view of all we have left below us, — which amply repays our toilsome tour of many steps. The variegated scene stretches out in every direction, with new beauties, — ^north and south lies Broadway with its teeming multitudes and ita numberless vehicles ; west and east are crowded streets of house-tops terminating only with the waters of the inclosing rivers. Looking eastward, we see Wall street iraraediately below us, with the Treasury Building on the left, and a little further on the righ1 the Custom-house, the Wall-street ferry, and the Easi River which separates New York froin Brooklyn with the New York bay stretching to the southeast 2C OITT OP NBW TOEK. Sandy Hook, the Highlands of N"eversink, and the coast of Staten Island. To the northeast, the eastern district of Brooklyn, formerly known as Williamsburg, the Navy Yard, &c., and still further to the north, the rocky channel called Hurl-gate, — so perilous to our Dutch forefathers; near by Randall and Blackwell's Islands, with their City Asylums. Transferring our gaze to Broadway, we notice the National Bank of the Republic, and on the next street the National Met- ropolitan Bank. Passing several fine marble buildings, we notice the Herald Ofiioe, corner of Ann-street, on the east side of Broadway, and opposite to it St. Paul's Church, then the Astor House, the Park, and the City Hall; the brown-stone building on the east side being that of the Times Office. Beyond the City Hall in- closure is Stewart's marble palace, then the City Hos- pital, surrounded with trees, and opposite it. Judge Whiting's fine marble building ; further north are numerous elegant stores, including Brooks' brown- stone structure. Lord & Taylor's marble edifice, St. Nicholas Hotel, the Metropohtan, and still further on in the distance, Grace Church, with its beautiful white spire. Union Park, &c. Turning to the opposite point of view, the Hudson river, with Jersey City, and Hoboken, with its beauti- ful walks, its distant hills and valleys ; on this side of the river, the steamers, ships, and docks. This superb river has been often compared with the Rhine for its picturesque beauty, we can here get but a faint idea of it, for its bold scenery is seen only after journeying some 40 miles to the north, we catch merely a glimpse of the Palisades, beginning at Weehawken and extend- ing about 20 miles. Veering to the south, we see the fortified islets of the lower bay, with Staten Island, Richmond, &c., with tiieir numerous picturesque cot- tages, villas, and castellated mansions, and to the south- west, the Raritan bay, the Passaic river, leading to Newark in the distance, «fec. PARKS AND rUBTiC SQUARKS. 27 PAEKS AND PUBLIC SQUARES. BATTERY. Commencing our descriptions of the notabilia of New- York with its pleasure-grounds and parks, we ought first to mention the Battery^ situated at the southernmost terminus of the metropolis. These grounds cover an area of about twelve acres, of the crescent form, having a profusion of stately trees, which aiford a delightful place of retreat in the sum- mer-time, for pleasure-seekers, who prefer to inhale the fresh sea-breeze under their shade to the crowded throngs of fashion in the city. The walks stretching along the margin of these grounds were formerly much frequented, but of late years, in consequence of the* rapid growth of the city, all private residences having been transferred to the upper or northern part of the city, are consequently now not so much an object of attraction. Connected with the Battery is Castle Garden. Originally a fortification, it was subsequently let on lease as a place of public amusement. It was prob- ably the largest audience-room in the world. It was the scene of Jenny Lind's first appearance in America. This building has now little architectural beauty to boast; having been for some time used as a depot for emigrants. The grounds of the Battery have been need- lessly extended within the last few years at an enormous expense to the city. BOWLING GREEN. Close to the Battery, at the entrance to Broadway, is the small inclosure so called, from having been used as such prior to the Revolution. At that time it contained a leaden equestrian statue of George III., which the populace in their patriotic zeal demolished, CITY OF NEW YORE. and, converted into musket-balls. On this site there is now a fountain, which is during summer to be seen bubbling up with the clear watei-s of the Croton. THE PARK Is a triangular inclosure of about 11 acres, containing the City Hall and other public buildings. At the southern part there is a beautiful fountain, inclosed in a basin 100 .feet in diameter. The iron is in the shape of an Egyptian lily, around it are numerous perforations through which small jets of water are pro- jected, which descending form a mist, while the main jet throws up a column of water to a great height, amidst the smTOunding trees. ^ WASHINGTON SQUARE. Another gi-eat and most effective ornament to the city was formed by laying out the ground formerly occupied as a Potter's Field. The bones were collected in a vast trench, one on each side of the Square, which were in- closed with fences, and planted with trees. For many years this was used for burial pm-poses, and it is com- puted that over a hundred thousand bodies have been buried where now assemble for pleasure multitudes of living beings. The Square is surrounded with splendid private houses, and on one side is the Univei-sity build- ing and a splendid church. One-third of the ground comprising the Square was purchased for $80,000, mak- ing a gross value of $240,000, devoted to the improve- ment of this quarter of the city. The Square contains a little over nine acres, and is ornamented with a fountain. UNION PARK Is in Union Square, at the upper or northern end of Broadway — extending from 14th to 17th streets. This pleasure-ground is inclosed by a handsome iron raihng, and contains a variety of fine trees, gravel- PAKKS AND PUBLIC SQUARES. 29 walks, and also a fountain. At the south side is the bronze equestrian statue of Washington and the Union Place Hotel, at the opposite extremity are the Everett House and the Clarendon, and at the western side. Dr. Cheever's Church and tlie Spingler Hotel. GRAMERCY PARK, Situated a little to the northeast of the above, is a select and beautiful inclosure on a smaller scale. This park is private property, having been ceded to the owners of the surrounding lots by S. B. Ruggles, Esq, It forms the area between 20th and 21st streets, and the 3d and 4th Avenues. STUYVESANT PARK Extends from 15th to 17th streets, and is divided by the intersecting passage of the Second Avenue. The Rev. Dr. Tyng's Church is upon the west side of this park. The ground was presented by the late P. G. Stuyvesant, Esq., to the corporation of the church. TOMPKINS SQUARE Is one of the largest parks of the city. It occupies th6 area formed by Avenues A and B, and 7th and 10th streets. MADISON SQUARE, Comprising 10 acres, is at the junction of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. On the west side stands the monu- ment of General Worth. The houses surrounding this park include some of the most elegant of the city. CITY OF NEW YORK. CEISTTRAL PAEK. This great pleasure-ground of the city may be reached by most of the city railroads, and as each entrance has its own peculiar attractions, strangers will naturally take the cars that are most convenient for them. At the gates on 59th Street, at 6th, 7th, and 8th Avenues, and at 'r2d Street, on tlie 5th Avenue, carriages are generally standing for hire : not being under the control of the Park Commissioners, they are not responsible for their regulation and management. If you close with the offer of one of the owners of these carriages to " take you all around the Park," you must not conclude that you have seen the attractions. Should the driver take you over all the drives, you have not seen the full attractions of the Park ; they can be seen only by taking the foot-paths, and the visitor should, if possible, take more than one day for it. The extent of the walks and the number of things to be seen are sufficient to afford a new and interesting walk through the Park each day for a fortnight. The Time to go to the Parh depends upon the season of the year and upon the ob- jects and tastes of the visitor. The gates are open at the following hours : during the months of December, January, and February, from 7 A. M. to 8 p. M. ; during March, April, May, June, Octo- ber, and November, from 6 a. m. to 9 p. m. ; during July, August, and September, from 5 a. m. to 11 p. m. Those who go to see the foliage and the flowers, or on a botanical expedition, will be best satisfied from the 1st of April to the middle of November, at any time in the day. In the hottest days of the months of July, August, and September, until the trees are more fully grown, the visitor will perhaps prefer to be at the Park CENTRAL PARK. 31 before 10 a. m., or after 3 p. m., but at any hour agree- able seats and shade may be found. Those who desire to see the equipages, fine turn-outs, and the gayeties of the city will go to the Park from April to November, from 3 p. M. to 7 p. m. In the warm months the fasliion is at the Park from 5 to 7.30 p. m. In the season, June to October, the well-selected and thoroughly accom- plished band of the Park plays at the music pavilion on the mall, on Saturday afternoons, free to all. The pieces performed include popular national airs, and tlic best new music that appears in Europe or America. Every pains is taken to maintain a high standard of these musical entertainments. In the skating season, December to March, the great- est numbers are at the Park after 3 p. m., but many persons are on the ice in the morning and through the day. When the ice is in good condition a ball is hoisted on the arsenal building, and generally the city cars in- dicate by small flags when the skating is good. The Park is a parallelogram, bounded on the South by 59th Street, on the North by 110th Street, on the East by the 5th Avenue, and the West by the 8th Av- enue, containing, including the reservoirs, 843 acres. It is about 2Va miles long, and half a mile in width ; it is intersected by four transverse roads, which are laid at a lower level to accommodate the business traffic of the city ; without interfering with the pleasure travel. The Park was originally a bare, unwholesome suburb of the city, acres of it were naked of soil, and stagnant, marshy spots gathered the filth of bone-boiling estab- lishments and pig-styes. The change to its present beauty has been accomplished in an almost inconceiva- ble short period of time. Work was commenced on the place in 1858, and in one year thereafter a part was thrown open to public use, to which other completed portions have since been added, from time to time, as completed. The Central Park is larger than any park on this con- 32 CITY OF NEW TORE. tinent, larger than any of the London parts, and with three exceptions larger than any city park in the world. These exceptions are the Bois de Boulogne at Paris, the Prater at Vienna, and the Pheni? Park at Dublin. There are in it about 9 miles of carriage drive, 4 of bridle road, and about 25 miles of walk. Intersections of lines of travel are made by archways, to avoid dan- ger. Every effort has been made to preserve the natu- ral features of the Park. More than 260,000 trees and shrubs of all kinds have already been planted, and the work is still going on. The grounds are laid out on a plan : the system of w^alks will conduct the visitor from one end of the Park to the other, and bring him in view of most of the objects de- sirable to be seen. It possesses already the several essentials of a pic- turesque park — pond, stream, hill, rock, plain, and slope. Tiie ridge which rises near the Battery, and forms the back-bone of the Island of Manhattan, trav- erses the Park from end to end ; forming, in its course, at least two admirable points of view, from which deli- cious views of the adjacent scenery may be obtained. Through the valleys beneath course little brooks, which, with the help of thorough drainage, have been swelled into considerable streams, while a swamp has been converted by skilful engineering into a lake of one hundred acres, serving as one of the receiving reser- voirs of the city. There are hills, too, with rough, rocky sides, which will pass, with a little trimming, for mountain scenery ; and there are passes, which, with appropriate foliage, may almost figure as Alpine valleys. From botanical surveys already made, it appears that the ground is adapted to the cultivation of an unusual variety of plants and flowers. In fact, so many and so various are the charms of this beautiful resort, that, al- though it is visited annually by hundreds of thousands of persons, it may still be said that it is not yet fully CENTRAL PARK. 32A and justly appreciated by those who live within reach of its enjoyments ; and one object which we have in view in giving a fuller synopsis of its attractions, is to induce the tired resident of the city to avail himself more frequently of this retreat. As a place of educa- tion, a pleasant school for the instruction of the taste, the value of the Park can scarcely be exaggerated. The Terrace is the principal architectural structure. This terminates the Mall on the north ; below it is the explanade surrounding the main fountain. The visitor will be well repaid by the examination of the design and execution of the detail of the stone work of the terrace : to the Mall all of the walks of the lower park lead ; the walks at all the entrance gates on 59th street will lead to it under the marble arch. But we must an- swer the question : How are we to get there ? The cars of the Second, Third, Sixth, and Eighth Avenue railroads, stopping either at 65th street, which leads to that portion of the Park known as the " Green," or at 79th street, leading to the " Ramble," afford con- venient access ; to which means of conveyance may be added the various stage lines which carry passengers to within a few blocks of the Park. The cars should al- ways be avoided by those who are unwilling to pay for the privilege of standing up. Whither to go after reaching the ParTc. The principal walks of the lower park lead more or less directly to the Mall Terrace, and through this to the Terrace, which is the central architectural feature of the plan. The attractions of this spot are perhaps as great as any within the limits of the Park, and from it we may take a view of the scene before us, and may note especially 32B ^ITT OF NEW TOEK. The Archways and Bridges^ which are objects of admiration to the visitor, and are about tliirty in number, of great beauty and variety of form and material, no two of the entire number being alike. Passing from the Terrace to the Fountain and Bow Bridge, we find ourselves among the attrac- tions of the RaiTible^ of which a good view can be had from the hill which rises about forty yards distant from the Bow Bridge, and commands a fair prospect of the lower park. But the beauties of this place must be explored by the tasteful visitor, who will admire, in turn, the paths leading along the shore, the bold projections of rock, the well-arranged contrivances for rural effect, and, above all, the intermingled beauties of wood and water, verdure and rock. A charming view of the entire area of the Park may be had from the Hill that rises on the south side of the old reservoir, and attains an eminence surpassing that of any other point. From this we have the whole lower park lying in full view for a mile below us : the Lake and the Ramble are almost at our feet ; the Oroton Reservoirs are close to us on the north ; and a mile and a quarter away is seen a pile of brick and painted wood, now used as a hospital for CF. S. soldiers — being more than a quarter of a mile this side of its northern boundary. Still further beyond, we see the High Bridge — Westchester County — and the East River. Under the rock 6n which we are standing passes one of the Sub-ways^ or transverse-roads^ as they are less descriptively called in the nomenclature of the Park. These are of infinite OElfTRAL PARK. 83 importance to the beauty and convenience of the arrangements, as they allow the travel incident to business to pass unhindered on its way, crossing the park at four places, viz., at 65th, 79 th, 85th, 97th streets ; while no impediment is suffered by the plea- sure-seekers, who are left in the uninterrupted enjoy- ment of their rides, drives, or walks. Much credit has been given,, both in this country and in Europe, to the architects of the Park for the clever suggestion of these useful roads* The Upper ParTc is the most bold and romantic, and at the same time the richest in its historical associations. It is said that *' the deep valley called McGowan's Pass, dividing this northern portion, is the valley which by means of its darkly wooded hillsides sheltered the secret messengers passing between the scattered parties of the American troops who, during the few days intervening between their disheartening rout on Long Island and the battle of Harlem Plains, rallied about the range of hills extending from Fort Washington to Bloomingdale." A portion of the " Old Boston Road," venerable as being the oldest road out of New York, on the east side of the island, is still visible in the northeastern section of the Park. It should, if possible, be suffered to remain as an interest- ing and precious relic of the past. It was by this road that the Huguenot refugees, living in New Rochelle, came into the city to attend the services at the French Church on Sunday. Miscellaneous Items, — The soil is composed for the most part of diluvial deposits, in which are many boulders (mainly trap rock), and the debris of the gneiss rock. The lowest point, about 109th street and Fifth Avenue, is less than 2 feet above the tide; the highest, at 83d street, near Eighth Avenue, is 138 feet above the tide. S4 ClTT OF HEW TcrRiC. Urinals are located at convenient pomts abotit thu grounds. Cottages for ladies are also located about the grounds, each in charge of a female attendant, whose duty it is to wait upon visitors, to aid them in case of illnesSy and to keep every thing in order in the place of which she has charge. To avoid accidents, persons on foot should keep on the walks^ and not walk in the ride or drive. Visitors are requested ISTot to walk on the grass^ except in those places where the word common is posted, }Tot to pick any Flower,. Leaf, Twig, or Fruit, Not to deface or mark the seats or other structures, Not to throw stones or other missiles-, JSTot to annoy the Birds, Not to offer any thing for sale, At each gate stands a gate-keeper, and on the groundsr will be found Park Keepers, in uniform, who are re- quired to give information about the Park to visitors^ and to deport themselves with politeness to aU. No person employed at the Park is allowed to receive any pay or reward for his services. They are amply paid for the performance of their duties. For lost arti- cles apply to the Property Clerk, in the old arsenal building. The Park is under the management of a Board of Commissioners, composed of the following gentlemen : Henry G. Stebbins, President ; R, M. Blatchford ; Charles H. Paissell ; Waldo Hutching; Thos. C. Fields,. Secretary ; Moses H. Grinnell ; John F. Butterworth ; Andrew H. Green. The chief executire officer of the Board is Andrew H. Green, the Comptroller of the Park. The office of the Board is at No. 31 Nassau Streets PASKS AND PUBLIC SQUAPwES. 84 A RESEEVOIR PARK. Reservoir Square is located between the Fifth and Sixth avenues, and 40th and 42d streets, and has an extent of between nine and ten acres, upon one-half of which is the "Distributing Reservoir." The other, or western half, once had upon it the " ISTew York Crystal Palace," but since the destruction of that building by the tire of 1858, the grounds have been kept open as a park. This square has been selected as the site of the College of the City of New York. MT. MORRIS SQUARE. Mt. Morris Square presents the anomalous appearance of an abrupt hdl, with thickly wooded sides, rising from the midst of n plain that has no other hills upon it. It "head's off'' the Fifth Avenue at 120th street, and ex- tends as far north as 124th street, and its area is nearly twenty acres. It is the breathing spot of tlie pretty village of Harlem, and the favorite resort of the citizens. OTHER SQUARES. The other squares, such as Hamilton, Manhattan, Bloomingdale, etc., contain from lifteen to twenty -two acres each, but are not at present prepared for pai*k purposes, being in an unimproved condition. 34 B CITY OF NEW TOEK. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. THE NEW COURT HOUSE. This immense building, now in process of construc- tion, is situated in the rear of the City Hall, on Cham- bers-street, and will be, when completed, one of the most substantial edifices in the United States. Its equal is certainly not to be found in the city, and the immensity of the structure can only be seen and felt by a comparison with buildings of great capacity, towering as it does above the five-story buildings in the vicinity, completely overlooking the present City Hall, and com- manding as fine a view of the surroundings of New York as can possibly be bad. It was commenced in September, 1861, under the direction and superinten- dence of Mr. Curamings H. Tucker, who was appointed by the Board of Supervisors for this purpose. The architect is Mr. John Kellum, the same who also has charge of A. T. Stewart's immense building, corner of Fifth Avenue and Thirty-fourtii street, and who also built the Stock Exchange, and several other large build- ings in this city. The entire length of the building is 250 feet, and the breadth 1 50 ; rectangular in form, and three stories in height above ground. The plans and designs called for materials (particularly with reference to iron and marble) of great magnitude, and the expense attendant upon their selection, preparation, and adapta- tion, together with all the embellishments, is necessa- rily very heavy. The original cost was estimated at about $2,000,000, but the increased expense of material and labor since that time will bring the entire expenses over $3,500,000, when completed, at the loweit estimate. The cost of the City Hall, which was nine years in buUd- PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 340 ing, was about $700,000. The height of the new Court House, from the ba>^e course to top of pediment, is 97 feet The dome will be 128 feet high above the pediment, making a total height of the building, from the base course to the top of dome, 225 feet. From the side- walk to the pediment the building is 82 feet high, and from sidewalk to top of the dome 210 feet. The new Court House is an entirely fire-proof build- ing — the ceilings from base to attic all being formed of brick arches. And when we consider that in this will be deposited all the records, wills, leases, and docu- ment.-; of the offices of the Register, County Clerk, and Surrogate, the citizens of New York, who are all more or less interested in the preservation of these, will feel a security as to their property and interests not hitherto felt. It affords accommodations for County Clerk, Regis- ter, Surrogate, Sherilf, and Tax Departments, and Tax Oflices— departments in which it is of the utmost im- portance that business should be transacted daily and with dispatch. The Courtrooms are large, airy, unobstructed by columns, made with reference to the principles of acoustics, and finished in an agreeable and pleasing manner, so that they form an attractive feature to the spectator, and all to whom may be intrusted the admin- istration of justice ; diftering in this respect from most of the large rooms in the Capitol at \\ ashington, the City Hall, and other public buildings, in which, as a general thing, the shadows and sombre hues are so strong as to intercept that light and heat so necessary to lend a cheerful aspect to any auditory. SEVENTH REGIMENT ARMORY. This large iron edifice is located almost directly op- posite the Cooper Union, on the Third avenue, and oc- 84 D CITY OF NEW YORK. cupies the entire block between Sixth and Seventh streets. It is constructed entirely of iron, is 200 feet long by 100 wide, and cost over $250,0(;0. The first ■floor is used as a market, and known as "Tompkins Market." The second floor is divided into company armories and meeting-rooms, which are fitted up and furnished at the expense of the several companies of the regiment. The entire expense on the interior of the building nearly or quite equals the original cost of the structure. The third floor is used for a drill-room by the whole regiment. The basement, or floor beneath the market, has been prepared for target practice and squad-drills. By resolution of Common Council, approved April 6, 1855, the use of the armory was given the Seventh Regiment, New York National Guard, during the pleasure of the Common Council, but was not bailt, and used by the regiment, till the year 1859. EIGHTH REGIMENT ARMORY, Comprises the upper part of Centre Market, situated at the corner of Grand and Centre streets. TWENTY-SECOND REGIMENT ARMORY, Located in Fourteenth-street, near Sixth avenue, was erected in 1863, at a cost of $150,000. THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT ARMORY, At the junction of Broadway and Sixth avenue, is a stately-looking building, occupying an entire square block, and was erected in 1861, at a cost of $200,000. 35 part, ears aph, ulld- milt. , our , the ilda our ime- thof ;ands litor, ailed 3 un- i thi8 jeper Q the leter, ich is ngth. eighs ivery ower /lOO erous ds on id, as story eet in [ayor, room, )ham- everal g, sit- City Hall. PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 85 THE CITY HALL. This is an imposing edifice, and, for the most part, built of marble. It was constructed between the years 1803-10. At the celebration of the Atlantic Telegraph, the clock-tower and other upper portions of tlie build- ing were destroyed by tire, but have since been rebuilt. Previous to the completion of the new cupola, our City Fathers contracted with Messrs. Sperry & Co., the celebrated tower-clock makers of Broadway, to build a clock for it, at a cost not exceeding $4,000, that our citizens might place the utmost reliance upon, as a time- keeper of unvarying correctness. During the month of April the clock was completed, and the busy thousands who were daily wont to look up to the silent monitor, above which the figure of justice was enthroned, hailed its appearance with the utmost satisfaction. It is un- doubtedly the finest specimen of a tower clock on this side of the Atlantic, and as an accurate time-keeper competent judges pronounce it to be unsurpassed in the world. The main wheels are thirty inches in diameter, the escapement is jeweled, and the pendulum, which is in itself a curiosity, is over fourteen feet in length. It is a curious fact that the pendulum bob weighs over 300 pounds; hut so finely finished is every wheel, pinion and pivot in the clock, and so little power is required to drive them, that a weight of only 100 pounds is all that is necessary to keep this ponderous mass of metal vibrating, and turn four pairs of hands on the dials of the cupola! The clock does not stand, as many suppose, directly behind the dials, but in the story below, and a perpendicular iron rod twenty-five feet in length connects it with the dial-works above. In the building are the several offices of the Mayor, Common Council and Aldermen, the Governor's room, City Library, and other business offices. The United States District Court is located in Cham- bers street, at the rear of the City Hall. The several other Courts are held in the brown stone building, sit- uated at the northeast angle of the City Hall. 86 CITY OF NEW YORK. THE CUSTOM-HOUSE, Occupying the building which was formerly the Mer- chants' Exchange, is located between Wall street, Ex- change Place, William and Hanover streets. The material employed in its construction is blue Quincy granite, and it is characterized by fine proportions, and massive, sub- stantial appearance. Its dimensions are on such a scale as to produce a fine architectural effect, being in length, 200 feet; in width, from 144 to 171; while it has an elevation of 77 feet at the cornice, and 124 feet at the top of the dome. The portico of eighteen Ionic columns, which graces its front, imparts to it an imposing effect. The interior of the building fully sustains the impression ; for besides the numerous apartments set apart to various uses, it contains a rotunda in the centre, surmounted by a lofty dome, which is supported, in part, by eight Corinthian columns of Italian marble. This rotunda is capable of containing 3000 persons. Its entire cost, including the ground, was over $1,800,000. The archi- tect was Isaiah Rogers ; and it was built on the site of the old Exchange, destroyed by the fire of 1835. The original stockholders lost every penny of their invest- ment, it having been sold to other hands to defray the mortgage held by the Barings of London. THE MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE Is now held in William street, near Exchange Place. The Merchants' Exchange sales-room is in the Trinity Building, on Broadway, north of Trinity Church. THE POST-OFFICE, In Kassau street, between Cedar and Liberty streets, was formerly the Middle Dutch Church. At a time — namely, during the war of the Revolution — when most ^_.7S*-lS'^i CvSTOM Hqusk, PUBLIC BUILDINGS. . 37 of the clmrches were turned to military use bv the British, this one sustained the greatest injuries ; which more or less, however, fell upon all. In 1790, it received such repairs as fitted it again for public worship ; but it was afterwards secured by the government and devoted to its present use, — that of a post-office. Its internal arrangements are extensive, and well adapted to the objects of its present use; the postmaster's room is so situated as to connnand a view of all that is going on in the building. It was in the old wooden steeple of this building that Franklin practised his experiments in electricity. THE UNITED STATES TREASURY AND ASSAY OFFICE, On the corner of Wall and Nassau streets, is a splendid building, constructed in the Doric order of Grecian architecture. It is built in the most substantial manner of white marble, something after the model of the Par- thenon at Athens; as a piece of masonry, it is equal to any structure extant, and to judge from appearances, likely to become as enduring as the pyramids; it occupies the site of the old Federal Hall. The building is 200 feet long, 80 feet wide, and 80 feet high : at the southern end, on Wall street, is a portico of eight purely Grecian columns, 5 feet 8 inches in diameter, and 32 feet high; and on the northern end, on Pine street, is a correspond- ing portico, of similar columns. The front portico is ascended by eigliteen marble steps, and the rear portico, on Pine street, by only three or four marble steps. It is two lofty stories high above the basement story. The great business hall is a splendid room, 60 feet in diame- ter. Tlie cost of the building, including the ground, was $1,195,000. THE CITY ARMORY. The old City Akmoky or Arsenal, is situated at the junction of Elm and White streets, extending 84 feet on 88 CITY OF NEW YORK. Elm, and 131 feet on White street. The . .nee is so con- structed, that in case of any popular tumult, it could be defended by a garrison of 50 men. The ground-floor is used as a gun-room, and the upper room for drilling, &c. , The style of the architecture is a kind of gothic, with castellated towers. This arsenal contains a por- tion of the artillery of the first division of the New York State Militia. It is intended that a large flagstaff shall be erected on the centre of the roof of this build- ing, in order tliat telegraphic communications may be conveyed by wires from it to the new arsenal up town, which is situated on the corner of Thirty-fifth street and Seventh Avenue. THE HALL OF RECORDS, Located to the east of the City Hall, was origii.ally used for a pri;>on, and subsequently as a cholera hos- pital. It is of coarse stone stuccoed over; th( en- trances north and south, are ornamented with [onic columns. The building is now used as the Depository for Deeds, Records, &c. THE HALLS OF JUSTICE. This is the city prison, or as it is more familiarly styled, from its gloomy aspect, "the Tombs." It is a spacious building, or rather series of buildings, — occupying the square bounded by Centre street on the east, Elm street on the west, and Franklin and Leonard streets on the north and south. It is a massive structure, in the Egyptian style, the main entrance being by an ascent of steps beneath a large portico supported by massive Egyptian columns. The Court of Sessions, Police Court, and others, are held in this building. It also comprises the prison, which has about 150 cells. The house of detention measures 142 feet by 45. The place of execution of criminals is the interior court- yard. The edifice was completed in 1838. On appli- cation to the keeper, visitors may obtain admission to the building. BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS 39 BEKEYOLEN-T mSTITUTIOJS'S. BLACKWELL'S ISLAND. A visit to the several establishments on tliis island will well repaj any one interested in the elforts for amel- iorating human snifering. There are on the island, the Penitentiary, with its 500 to 1000 convicts, the xVlms- Honse Hospital, the Lunatic Asylum, and the ISTew Work-House, — which last is one of the most complete edifices in the country. It is built of stone taken from the quarries of the island. It is a very spacious build- ing, being capable of holding about 600 persons ; all its internal arrangements are very complete. The humane object of this institution is to separate vagrants from criminals, and to compel all to work who are able to do something towai-ds their own support. The build- ing, which is 325 feet in length, cost about $100,000. Tickets for adunssion to the island can be obtained of the Secretary of the Governors of the Aims-House Department, at the Rotunda, rear of the City Hall. Chere are various modes of conveyance thither, — by the Second or Third Avenue cars, and by steamer i\'hich leaves foot of Grand street. East River, or by he Harlem stage from 23 Chatham street to 61st treet, and cross to the island at any hour. WAED'S ISLAND May also be visited by the same conveyances, on ob- taining a permit from the Commissioners of Emigra- tion, at their office in the New City Hall, near the junction of Chambers and Centre streets. BAND ALL'S ISLAND May be reached also by boat from foot of Grand street each day at noon. Here aie the nurseries for the sup- 40 CITY OF NEW YOEK. port and instruction of destitute children. This insti- tution is the most interesting of all, and commends itself to the sympathies of all who would become acquainted with the benevolent agencies of New York city. Permits may be had, as for Blackwell's Island. There are usually to be seen here, in the several insti- tutions, from 4000 to 5000 persons young and old. THE NEW YORK ORPHAN ASYLUM, Situated in Bloomingdale, near Eightieth street, com- prises a fine building 120 feet by 60, and nine acres ot ground, laid out with much taste. These grounds com- mand a splendid view of the Hudson and East Elvers with the surrounding scenery. There are in this insti- tution about 200 orphans. The institution was incor- porated by charter in 1807, and its present edifice was completed in 1840. It is a most praiseworthy insti- tution, and a very interesting one to visit. THE BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, A branch of the New York Hospital, is situated in the Bloomingdale Road, at a distance of about seven miles from the City Hall. It occupies a most beautiful and commanding site, and its approach and surroundings are admirably fitted to hghten the sense of depression and gloom which we instinctively associate with every establishment of the kind. The treatment administer- ed to its. unfortunate inmates, too, is of the most en- lightened, humane, and rational sort. The principal building is 211 feet in length, ttO in depth, and four stories in height; with side buildings. The approach to the Asylum from the southern en- trance, by tlie stranger who associates the most sombre scenes with a lunatic hospital, is highly pleasing. The sudden opening of the view, tlie extent of the grounds, the various avenues gracefully winding through so arge a lawn ; the cedar hedges, the fir and other orna- mental trees, tastefully distributed or grouped, the :,.* ',f'!^-^' BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS 41 variety of shrubbery and flowers. The central build- ing, however, is always open to visitors, and the view from the top of it, being the most extensive and beauti- ful of any in the vicinity of the city, is well worthy of their attention. THE NEW YORK HOSPITAL. Situated on Broadway, between Duane and Worth streets, is a most important benevolent institution. It dates back to 1771, when it was founded by the Earl of Dunmore, who was at that time governor of the colony. The accommodation for patients, which of late yearahas been greatly enlarged, is very extensive, and excellent in every respect. It is a receptacle in cases of sudden accidents. It is not altogether gratuitous ; but to such as are able to pay a little, it offers nw import- ant advantages — four dollars a week conj^iding the best medical attendance, besides nursing a^a medicine. The students, too, have the benefit, for a small annual fee, of accompanying the surgeons in their rounds. The institution has an annual revenue from various sources of about $80,000, which is expended in the support of the estabhshment. Tlie hospital buildings are fitted up in excellent style for the accommodation of patients. The approach to the Hospital from Broadway is by an avenue of 90 feet wide, planted with a double row of trees. The main building is of gray stone, 124 feet long, including its two wings, by 50 feet deep. It con- tains separate apartments for patients afflicted with contagious diseases, possesses a theatre for surgical oper- ations, and other apartments, and also a Marine de- partment. The average number of patients admitted annually may be stated at 3000 to 3500. The best medical attendance is secured to this institution. JEWS HOSPITAL Is located at 158 West Twenty-eighth street. 4 42 CITY OP NEW TORE. CHILDRENS' HOSPITAL AND NTJRSERl, East Fifty-first street, near Lexington Avenue. In connection with the New York Hospital may be mentioned, THE NEW YORK DISPENSARIES. Wliich are associations for giving medicine and medical advice to the poor. The Northern Dispensary, sjtuated on the corner of Christopher and Sixth streets, was founded in 1829 ; and the Eastern Dispensary, on the corner of Ludlow street and Essex Market Place, was instituted in 1834. There is also a still older Dispensary on the corner of WJdte and Centre streets, established in 1795; and is estimated to have given -relief to more than fifty thousand patients since its first organiz- ation. THE DEMILT DISPENSARY Is a fine building at the corner of the Second Avenue and Twenty-third street, which with the ground cost $30,000— the noble donation of the late Miss Demilt. About 3000 patients are annually benefited by this noble charity of a single benefactor. THE ASYLUM FOR AGED INDIGENT FEMALES Is located in Twentieth street, near Second Avenue. Its title indicates sufliciently the object of the institution, which is both well filled and well sustained. ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, At the corner of Fifth Avenue and Fifty-fourth street, is an admirable charity institution, 'sustained by mem- bers of the Episcopal Chui-ches of New York. Nbw York Hospital. BENEVOtENT IKSTlTtTTlONS. 43 LEAKE & WATTS ORPHAN HOUSE. This praiseworthy institution, founded bj the two benevolent persons whose names it bears, is located on Ninth Avenue, corner of West 111th street, and, as its name implies, is the orphan's friend. THE MAGDALEN FEMALE ASYLUM, Situate west of the Harlem railroad, on Eighty-eighth street, near Fifth Avenue. This praiseworthy institu- tion, as its name indicates, has been established for the recovery and restoration of fallen and distres.-ed females. It is well sustained ; and by the self-sacrificing labors of the benevolent, has been productive of great good. OTHER DISPENSARIES. German Dispensary at 8 Third-street ; Homoeopathic Dispensary at 1 1 6 East Twentieth-street ; North East- ern Dispensary at 100 East Fifty -ninth street; North Western Dispensary at 511 Eighth Avenue. COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. This is a handsome edi(ice,cornerof Twenty-tliird street and Fourth Avenue. It was founded in 1807, has eight professors and about two hundred students. There is a small library here, of about 1500 volumes, and an an- atomical museum. These museums are accessible to the public on application to the janitor. NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE Is located at No. 90 East Thirteenth street ; it was char- tered in 1850, and is devoted to the instruction of young medical ])raclitioners. It possesses a valuable anatomi- cal museum, chemical laboratory, &c. There is also in this building the College qf Pho.rmacy. 4:4 CITY OF NEW TOEK. THE INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. This noble and well-conducted Asjluin is situated at Fanwood, Washington Heights, on 162d street, which is reached by means of the Hudson River rail- road. The principal building measures 110 feet by 60, and is five stories high. It is capable of accommodating from 200 to 300 pupils, exclusive of the principal and teach 'rs, &c. It is one of the best-endowed institutions of benevolence in New York ; being sustained by ap- propriations made by the State Legislature, by the City Corporation, and private benefactions. The pupils are instructed in the ordinary branches of learning, and some of them in the various trades. Dr. Peet is the superintendent. Open to the public from half-past one to four p. M, every day. THE INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND Is on the Ninth Avenue, between Thirty-tliird and Thirty -fourth streets, occupying 32 lots of ground, pre- sented by James Boorman, Esq. The edifice is of gran- ite, and of the Gothic order of architecture. It owes its origin mainly to Dr. J. D. Russ, whose attention was directed to the sightless condition of a large number of the children in the City Alms House. Moved by the spectacle, he determined to devote himself to their re- lief, and for that purpose took seven children from the Ahns House and gratuitously instructed them for nearly two years, and finally obtained the passage of an act by the legislature for their support. In this eifort he was ably supported by Samuel Wood, a well-known member of the Society of Friends, and Dr. Samuel Akerly, dis- tinguished for his zeal and labors in behalf of the Insti- tution for the Deaf and Dumb. Here also the usual branches of education are taught, and the pupils are in- structed in the several useful arts of life. It is an ex- ceedingly useful object to visit, as is also the Deaf and Dumb Asylum. The Institution is open to visitors on week days, from one to six p. m., and may be conven- iently reached by stages and cars that run on the Eighth Avenue. BEXEVOLENT IXSTITUTIOXS. 45 THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY AND HOME FOS THE FRIENDLESS Is located on Thirtieth street, between Fourtli and Madi- son Avenues. It is under rhe direction of a society de- voted to the protection of deserted children, and adult persons who may be in distress. This association has largely contributed to the relief of the poor and desti- tute of the city, — in one year it relieved, and provided with places, over 600 young and old. The society pub- lishes a paper semi-monthly, entitled " The Advocate and Guardian^'''' Vi\i\Q\i has a circulation of about 15,000 copies; it has also published over 10,000 tracts, &g. THE HOUSE AND SCHOOL OF INDUSTRY Has its rooms No. 100 West Sixteenth street. It was organized in 1850. THE SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF POOR WIDOWS WITH SMALL CHILDREN, Was organized in 1797, by the efforts of the late Mrs. Isabelhi Graham. Its average number of persons re- lieved, is about 200 widows and 500 children. Mrs. L. Perkins, 1st Directress, 78 West Fourteenth street. THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY, In the Five Points, near Centre and Pearl streets. Mr. S. B. Halliday now has charge of the House of Indus- try. Placed in the very midst of squalid poverty and crime, this excellent charity has achieved gi-eat results in rescuing and reclaiming the youth of vicious parentage. Mr. Pease's institution dates back only to 184:8, yet thus far has its progress been incomparably the most successful of any of the numerous noble chari- ties of New York. Persevering through numberless difficulties, Mr. Pease at length has achieved a great success in his laudable endeavors. He has now from 100 to 200 inmates, rescued from the parlieus of ^lo.e 4* 46 CITY OF NEW YOEK. and poverty ; hopefully engaged in bis " House of In- dustry." Since its foundation, between 800 and 900 women have been sent out to places in the country. By bis economical plan, tbe major part of tbe expenses of tbe establishment bave been defrayed by tbe pro- ductive labor of the inmates. There are many other philanthropic societies in New York, which it is not necessary to detail, as they may be found bri»efiy named in tbe City Directory. The more prominent are tbe following benevolent societies: ODD FELLOWS HALL. The Independent Order of Odd Fellows number, in New York city, about 90 lodges, and about 12 encamp- ments, including many thousand members ; many of tbe lodges have fine balls, in various parts of this city and tiie neighboring cities of Brooklyn, Williamsburg, Jersey City, &c. ; but tlie grand rendezvous of the order, is the large brown-stone building at the corner of Grand and Centre streets, erected at a cost of $125,000. This imposing edifice presents a noble appearance, being sub- stantially built, lofty, and surmounted by a dome. It contains a series of highly ornamentod lodge-rooms, richly furnished and in different styles of architecture : some Egyptian, Grecian, Elizabethan, &c. These ele- gant apartments are well worth a visit. The average receipts of the association which owns this edifice, is estimated at about $75,000. Their distribution in tbe form of benefactions to tbe sick and poor, is on a scale of corresponding liberality. ANCIENT AND HONORABLE FRATERNITY OF FREE AND ACCEPTED MASONS. The M. W. Grand Lodge of tbe ancient and honorable fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of tbe State of New York, meets at such commodious place as may be appointed on the 1st Tuesday in March, June, Septem- ber, and December. Subordinate lodges meet every Odd Fellows' Hall. BENEVOLEXT IXSTITUTIOXS. 47 ^iveninff in Ci'osby street, corner of Broome street, und at Odd Fellows llall, Graud and Centre streets. THE SAILORS SNUG HARBOR, An Asylum for ag-ed and infirm seamen, is situated on the north side of Staten Island. It was founded bj? Capt. Randall in 1801, and incorporated in 180(3 in New York ; tiie present noble building on Staten Island, measures 225 feet in length, with 160 acres of ground; about 300 aged and disabled seamen are here supixu'ted. Near the Quarantine grounds, are the Seamen'^s Retreat for the s'ck, and the Rome for Sailor's Children^ also the Marine Hospital., wliich is supported by an emigrant tax of $2 on every cabin passenger, native of a foreign country, and 50 cents for ever}' steerage passenger. The fund from these sources, amounts to nearly $100,000 per annum. There is yet another benevolent marine society, styled The American SeameiVs Friend Society^ whose object is to bring good intluences to bear \\\)ou. this class, by preaching, and by opening boarding-houses, reading-rooms, savings banks, &c. The Marine Society''s office is at 67 Wall-street. St. Georges Society of New York, 40 Exchange Place. St. Andrew^s Society^ 90 Broadway. St. Nicholas '^ 11 Wall-street. KeiD EngJand " Astor House. Italian Benevolent Socitty, 685 Broadway. Irish Emigrant '' 51 Chambers-street. Hibernian Benevolent Society.^ 195 West Sever, teenth st. German Society of New York, 5 Battery Place. Hebrew Benevolent Society^ 3d Av. and E. 77th St. German Mutual Assistance Society, 17 North William-st. Ancient Order of Hibernians^ 215 Hester-street. The respective addresses of Societies not given in this list are to be found in the New York Directory. 48 CITY OF NEW TOEK. THE NEW YOEK TUKKISH BATH ESTABLISHMENT. This institution is situated on Laiglit street, occupy- ing No. I'd — only one door from St. John's Park, with- in a step of Canal street, and only a short distance from Broadway. The cars on Sixth, Seventh, Eighth, and Ninth Avenues pass within a few doors of it. Since it was opened in February, 1865, it has con- stantly been thronged with bathers. The necessfty of Turkish Baths in New York has long been apparent. In England their merits are recognized, and they are held in high esteem by the medical profession and the public, as an important agent in the treatment of many diseases, and as a valuable means of preserving the health. All wiio visit New York will lind it well worth their time to make the Institution a visit. The process of the bath is very interesting, and most people are doubtless familiar with it by the writings of Oriental travellers. LITERARY & SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. THE ASTOR LIBRARY, Situated on Lafayette Place, near Astor Place, is justly regarded as the library collection of the continent. Its literary treasures comprise some of the rarest and most valuable productions of art extant. Dr. Cogswell, the learned Librarian, has collected from all parts of the old world a vast accunmlation of costly works in all de- partments of human knowledge ; including about 1000 bibliographical books, and numerous su])erbly illustrat- ed works of great rarity and value, on almost all sub- jects — science, history, biography, j)liilology, &c., &c. It already contains over 100,000 volumes, and further additions are constantly being made to this collection^ by the munificence of its founder, John Jacob Astor' who endowed it with the sum of $400,000. HE New York Tuekish Bath Estabi,i ^liAi km Dhs. Miller, Wooi> k Co., Proprietors. Opened Ftbuihrj. \tCiu LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INsflTL TIONS. 49 This stately editice, built of brick, ornamented with brown stone, is of the Romanesque style, and of great symmetrical beauty. Its interior, however, is much more imposing. The entrance to the Library Hall is by a flight of 38 marble steps leading to the second story. This splendid hall is richly decorated with 14 piers finished in imitation of Italian marble, and over these are galleries ranged on either side, inclosed witt gilt iron railings. These upper galleries are readied by eight spiral stairways. The height of the Library ia near 50 feet, and in the centre of the ceiling is a large skylight, measuring 54 feet by 14, and at each side smaller lights ; tliere^ are no other windows, these how- ever aiford suflBcient light for the building. In the east end are inclosures railed in, and the Librarian's rooms. In the lower, or first floor, are the Lecture room and Reading rooms. The floors are of mosaic work. A visit to this noble institution, with its rich and rare col- lection of sumptuous books, will become a necessity to all who have any love for literature and art. In the year 1857, William B. Astor, Esq., made a do- nation, to the Trustees, of the adjoining lot; upon which another structure, in all respects corresponding with the first, has just been erected. Thus the Astor Library has now doubled its proportions — forming the most imposing architectural edifice of its class in the United States. This new building was o;/ened to the public in the Autumn of 1859 — immediately after the return of Dr. Cogswell from Europe with a further collection of literary spoils. THE COOPER UNION Is a noble building erected by Mr. Peter Cooper, of N'ew York, and is devoted to the " moral, intellectual, and physical improvement of his countrymen." The build- ing covers an entire block, having a front on Third Av- enue of 195 feet, on Fourth Avenue 155, on Eighth street 143, and on Seventh street 86. It is in the im- mediate vicinity of the new " Bible House," the " Astor 50 CITY OF NEW YORK. . Library," the " Mercantile Library," and the rooms of various literary and scientific societies. In the base- ment is a large lecture-room, 125 feet long by 85 wide and 21 high; and this, and also the first and second stories, which are arranged for stores and offices, are rented, so as to produce a revenue to meet the annual expenses of the "Institute." The "Institute" proper — or the "Union" — commences with the third story, in which is an "exhibition-room," 30 feet high and 125 by 82, lighted from above by a dome. The fourth story may be considered as a part of the third, being a con- tinuation of galleries with alcoves for painting and sculnture. In the fifth story are. two large lecture- rooms ; and the library, consisting of five rooms, which connect with each other and with the lecture-rooms. There are also rooms for experiments, for instruments, and for the use of artists. The cost of the building is about $300,000, and the annual income from the rented parts is from $25,000 to $30,000. The whole is under the control of a Board of Directors for the benefit of the public; the course of lectures, the library, and the reading-rooms being all free. In the munificence both of the gift and the endowment, the "Ooopkk Institute" stands as a monument to its noble-hearted founder more enduring than the pyramids. The iSchool of De- sign for women has rooms in this building. THE COLLEGE OF THE CITY OF NEW YORK, In Twenty-third street, corner of Lexington Avenue, was established in 1 848, by the Board of Education of the city of New York, in pursuance of an act passed May 7, 1847, for the purpose of providing higher educa- tion for such pupils of the Common Schools as may wish to avail themselves thereof. The college is under the general superintendence of the i)oard of Educa- tion ; but it is specially under the supervision of an Executive Committee, for its care, government, and management, appointed by the Board. All its expejises II V| Mini LITER AEY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 5] for instruction, apparatus, library, cabinet collections, books, and stationery, are paid out of the public treasury. The cost of the ground was $37,810, the edifice, $75,000, and the interior furniture, apparatus, &c., $26,867. The building measures 125 feet by 80, and will acconnnodate 1000 pupils. The students are admitted in annual classes, and the full course of study embraces five years. The Board of Education is authorized by law to con- fer the usual collegiate degrees on the recommendation of the faculty. Graduates may become " Resident Graduates," and continue their studies at option. The Academical stud- ies during Term time, continue daily (except Saturday and Sunday) from a quarter before 9 o'clock a. m. to 3 o'clock p. M. MEKCAin:iLE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION Occupy the Clinton Hall building in Astor Place, Eighth street. This noble establishment comprises a line li- brary, reading-room, and lecture-room, also cabinets of minerals, &c. Its literary collections numbering be- tween 40 and 50,000 volumes, in the several depart- ments of general knowledge, including also a valuable series of periodical works, unsurpassed by any other institution. The number of its members at the present time exceeds 4000. This institution, originally estab- lished for the use of clerks, has been since thrown open to the public on payment of the subscription, $5 per an- num. Clerks pay $1 initiation fee, and $2 subscription. THE NEW YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY Is situated in University Place, near Twelfth street. This time-honored institution, founded in 1754, pos- sesses a fine collection of books in general literature, numbering about 38,000 volumes. Permanent mem- bers of this institution, by the payment of $25, and the annual fee of $6, become stockholders. Tem- porary members are admitted on the payment of $10 52 CITY OF NEW TOEK. per annum. To all these literary establishments, visit* ors are admitted. THE CITY LIBRARY Is in the City Hall, and is free to all persons. THE NEW YORK LAW INSTITUTE Have a valuable library of law books at No. 41 Cham- bers street. Open daily. THE PRINTERS' FREE LIBRARY, Located at "No. 3 Chambers street, has over 4000 vol- umes. It is open every Saturday evening. THE WOMAN'S LIBRARY Is in the New York University Building, fronting on Washington Square. THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Is a society of scientific men, formed for the study of natural history. Its rooms are in Fourteenth street, near the 4th Avenue. It possesses a good library, and a large museum of minerals, plants, and specimens ot natural history. It is accessible to the public. THE APPRENTICE'S LIBRARY, containing about 16,000 volumes for the use of youth- ful apprentices, is in the Mechanics' Hall, 472 Broad- way, near Grand street. THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTE, No. 20 Fourth Avenue, has a collection of upwards of 8000 volumes. There is a school attached for the edu- cation of the children of mechanica LITERARY A^TD SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 53 THE NEW YORK HISTORICAL SOCIETY, Established upwards of half a century, have a noble edifice on the corner of Eleventh street and Second Avenue. It is an elegant fire-proof structure, built of yellow sandstone from the province of N'ew Brunswick, and is splendidly fitted up. Its literary collections con- sist of rare and valuable books pertaining to the history and antiquities of the country; also medals, coins, maps, engravings, &c. The Library comprises about 20,000 volumes. There is a fine Picture-gallery in the uppermost story ; the Library Hall, Lecture-room, and various offices are characterized by great architectural beauty. Recently there have been added a fine collec- tion of Nineveh Marbles, presented by James Lenox, Esq., and Dr. Abbott's Egyptian Collection (obtained by Hberal subscription), one of the most valuable mu- seums of Egyptian antiquities in the world. The meet- ings of the society are held on the first Tuesday of each month; there are also occasional Lectures given, in ad- dition to the reguxar series. General F. JDepeyster is the President, and the membership of the association numbers about 1,500, including the leading literarymen of the country. AMERICAN ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY, Founded in 1842. The first President of this society was the late A Ibert Gallatin, formerly Secretary of the Treasury, &c., who held the office until his death in 1849. The object of the society is "the prosecution of in- quiries into the origin, progress, and characteristics of the various races of men." This society has collected a large amount of materials, and has published three volumes of Transactions. The meetings are held at the houses of members, on the second Tuesday in each month. 64 OlTt OV NE-^ tOfi-e. THE NEW YORK JUVENILE ASYLUM, A fine stone edifice, situated near High Bridge, is a home and reformatory for neglected children. The asj- lum, by its charter, becomes the legal guardian of all such children as may be committed to it by the volun- tary act of their parents or by the precept of a police magistrate. The institution owes its origin to Dr. J. D. Russ of this city, so favorably known for his exertions in establishing the New York Institution for the Blind. The success of the institution has been largely promoted by A. E. Wetmore, Esq., who has been its president and financier almost from its organization. It occupies about 20 acres of ground, which is in part cultivated hy the children, who, during their stay in the asylum, are instructed in all the branches of a common school edu-' cation. As soon as their improvement will warrant their removal, they are sent to the Great West and in- dentured, where, in a few years, instead of being drawn into the vortex of crime as they almost inevitably would have been if left unprotected in our streets, they will many of them become our law-makers and occupy places of trust. The institution has a House of Reception for 200 children, at No. 71 West Thirteenth street. All children, when first committed, must remain in this house ten days, to afford their parents an opportunity of reclaiming them. The two buildings can accomrao* date about 700. Take Hudson River railroad or Man- hattanville stages to Fort Washington or High Bridge. YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. This society have their rooms at one hundred and sixty -one Fifth Avenue. The Association has a read- ing-room, which is entirely distinct from the library and department for committee and other meetings. Devotional services are held on Wednesday and Sat- urday evenings. Young men, strangers, and the pub- lic are cordially invited. THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, At Cooper Union, has also a select library of works, principally relating to the inventive and mechanic arts. Under the auspices of this association have been held the annual tairs for the purpose of exhibiting the pro-- gress of new inventions in science and art. THE AMERICAN GEO&RAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL SOCIETY Of IN'ew York, hold their monthly meetings at Ointoi* Hall, Astor Place. 0. P. Dally, president. THE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY Is located on the east side of Washington Square, and forms a noble architectural ornament, being of the English collegiate style of architecture. The Univer- sity was established in 1831, and has ever maintained its high reputation. It has a chancellor, and a corps of professors in the various departments of learning. There is also a grammar school connected with the institution ; also a valuable library, philosophical ap- paratus, &c. The edifice is of marble, and measures about 200 feet in front by 100 in depth : it presents a "Very beautiful appearance as seen through the thick fohage of the park. The great central gothic window lights the chapel of the University; divine service is held here every Sunday at the usual hours. The prin- cipal entrance is by the centre door, up a flight of marble steps. In the upper parts of the building are several chambers and offices, occupied by various so- cieties, literary persons, and artists. COLUMBIA COLLEGE, Originally chartered by George II., in 1754, under the title of King's College, till within a short period,- stood 5 66 DITT OP NEW YORK. in Park Place. The present edifice is on Forty-ninth- street, near the Fifth avenue. It has a president and 12 professors ; a choice library of rare classical works of about 18,000 volumes, museum, &c. A grammar school is attached to the institution, over which a pro- fessor presides as rector. PUBLIC SCHOOLS. New York city stands at the very head in all efforts to promote the interest of popular education. There are fifty-five grammar schools, mostly of three de- partments each — male, female, and primary — and forty primary schools, for boys and girls, besides five colored schools, making in all about two hundred and ten de- partments at the present time. The buildings are of the most substantial character, are admirably arranged, and fitted with every modern improvement. The whole number taught during the year 1865 was 219,749, being an increase of nearly 12,000 on the pre- vious year. The number of teachers employed exceeds 2,200. The course of study is most thorough, and scholars entering the primary class pass through the various grades of that and the grammar department, and finally graduate at the College of the City of ISTew York (formerly the Free Acade-my) with full collegiate honors. The cost of maintaining this vast system was (for the year 1865) about two and a half millions of dollars; yet this great work is carried on, and this enormous expen- diture borne, without expense to any pupils — buildings, tuition, books, and whatever else is needed being sup- plied wdtliout cost to the scholars. The present value of the school property is estimated at upwards of $5,000,000. tt'" "' " €i^&ViiL!' ^^^ .^v. I 1 NEW BIBLE HOUSE. 67 THE NEW BIBLE HOUSE, Which is approached from Broadway through Astor Place, occupies three fourths of an acre of ground, bounded by Third and Fourth Avenues, and Eighth and Ninth streets. The form of this gigantic edifice is nearly triangular. It has a front of 198 feet on Fourth Avenue, 202 on Eighth street, 96 on Third Avenue, and 232 on Ninth street. Its average depth is about 50 feet. It is the property of the American Bible Soci- ety. This imposing-looking edifice, which is substanti- ally built of brick, with stone facings, cost nearly $300,000. The principal entrance, which is on the Fourth Avenue, has four columns, surmounted with cornice. In the fourth story is a stone figure repre- senting Religion holding a Bible. The receipts of the Society, at the first year of its organization in 1816-17, were $37,779.35 ; its receipts since then amount to about $5,000,000. It has put in circulation about nine milhons of Bibles and Testa- ments ; and given some $500,000 to various Missionary Stations to aid in the publications of the Holy Scrip- tures. It has supplied thousands of seamen and crimi- nals with copies; as well as distributed hundreds of thousands to private families, hotels, &c,, in every part of the United States. It has produced editions of the Bible, or portions of it, in about 24 different dialects, and aided in issuing it in others. In this spacious building the following Societies have their Rooms, viz • the Protestant Episcopal Society for the Promotion of Evangelical Knowledge, the American Board of Com- missioners for Foreign Missions, the American Home Missionary Society, the New York Colonization Soci- ety, Society for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Jews, the House of Refuge, Children's Aid Society, Home of the Friendless. Nearly 600 persons are employed in the Bible Hoase when in full o]»eration. 58 CITY OF NEW YORK. COLLEGE OF ST. FEANCIS XAVIER. Tbis iustitution, situated on Fifteenth street, betweec Fifth and Sixth Avenues, was founded in 1850, and in- corporated as a University in 186*. With its Grammar School it contains about four hundred pupils. The library contains about 15,000 volumes. The Rev. Jo- seph Loyzance is president. MANHATTAN COLLEGE. This newly incorporated University is situated at Manhattanville. THEOLOGICAL mSTITUTIONS. THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Is situated No. 9 University Place, between Waverley Place and Eighth street. The principal edifice com- prises four large lecture rooms, a chapel, library of 16,000 volumes, and studies, also other rooms for stu- dents. It has 6 professors, and usually about 100 stu- dents. It was founded in 1836. THE GENERAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY Of the Episcopal Cliurch is situated in Twentieth street, corner of Ninth Avenue, near the Hudson, two miles from the City Hall There are two handsome buildings of stone, for the accommodation of professors and stu- dents. The Board of Trustees consists of all the bish- ops, and one trustee from each diocese in the United States. The institution is well endowed and in a flour- ishing condition. PICTURE GALLERIES, &c. THE ARTISTS' STUDIO BUILDING Is a fine brick edifice in Tenth street, near the Sixth Avenue, and occupied by artists, &c. PICTIJEE GALLEEIES, ETC. 59 THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN. The new building for the ISTational Academy of De- sign is one of the most remarkable structures in the city. Principally so, because it is the most prominent example thus far set before the public, of the effort now being made to revive the Gothic Architecture of the Thir- teenth Century in its true spirit, and adapt it to our own circumstances, materials, and necessities. The public have, unfortunately, been led to call it Venetian Gothic ; and, from its similarity in proportion, and the fact that the upper story is decorated with diagonal lines of color introduced into the wall itself, and has no windows, that it is a copy of the famous Ducal Palace. But a careful examination, in comparison with a good photograph of that building, will dispel the delusion. The carvings on the capitals of the first and second stories are well worthy of careful examination, and are more particularly remarkable from the fact that they are almost entirely designed by the men who carved them, and are the result of careful study from natural leaves and flowers. The work of the architect, in con- nection with this decorative work, consisted principally of instructions given to the workmen in the art of de- sign applied to their own work. The fronts of the building are built of white "West- chester county marble, banded with grey-wacke. The ornamental iron work of the exterior is worthy of care- ful attention, being entirely wrought out on the anvil. The main entrance-gates are wonderful for their light- ness, careful finish, and strength, being the most elabo- rate piece of architectural wrought-iron in this country. The building is finished throughout with white pine, ash, mahogany, oak, and black walnut, — no paint being used, but all the woods showing their natural grain. The grand staircase approaching the galleries is of solid oak, trimmed with walnut, finished in wood on the under as well as upper sides. The interior accommodations consist as follows : On gQ CITY OF NEW TOEK. the first floor are the janitor's apartments and the schools, with their appropriate dressing rooms. On the second story are the reading-room, libraries, council- room, and lecture -room, together with necessary re- tiring rooms and an ofiice for business. On the third story are the grand central hall, four picture galleries, and the sculpture-room. This edifice has been erected at a cost of about $150,000, under the superintendence of the architect, P. B. Wright, Esq., of this city. The annual exhibitions of the Academy are held during the months of April, May, June, and July, during which the building is open to the public for a small admission fee. The works of living artists only are exhibited, and no pictures are accepted that have been previously exhibited in New York. The exhibirion of the Artists' Fund Society is gener- ally held in the galleries of the Academy, and takes place in November and December, annually. It is a noble charity, devoted to the relief of sick and poor artists. THE INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS Is situated at 625 Broadway. This is a fine collection of paintings and statuary. THE NEW YORK PEESS. There are about fifteen daily papers published in New York, with an aggregate circulation of 140,000 copies. About two thirds of this number are distributed in the city, the balance are sent by mail to various parts of the country. Most of the offices are accessible to public in- spection during the hours of 2 to 4 o'clock. THE TIMES OFFICE Is situated at the end of Park Row, facing Chatham street. It is an attractive architectural ornament to this active centre of the printing business. In the 6* OITT OF NEW YOEF. 61 vicinity .are the N. Y. Tribune office, the Tract Society^ the Sunday Times, the Sunday Courier, the Mercury, and other papers. On the Nassau side of the Times building are the Observer, Scientific American, the Century, the United States Journal, &c. On this ac- count this site has been recently styled "Printing House Square." The New York Times building, erected during the panic year, and first occupied on the first day of May, 1858, is a noble structure, constructed of stone and iron, and perfectly fireproof; five stories in height; the walls a light olive-colored stone, brought from Nova Scotia. Complete in all its appointments, this building deserves especial mention, if for no other reason than that it is the only newspaper oflfice in the United States which combines within itself the requisites of thorough fitness and the elegance of refined taste. Our readers, we are assured, will be interested in a description of the parts of this establishment. The site is that which was for many years occupied by the Old Brick Church (the Rev. Dr. Spring's), aa ancient place of worship, erected at the period when green fields adorned the space now densely crowded with great warehouses, stores, and banks ; when honest old Knickerbockers held the site of the Park to be a journey out of town; and where the bones of early residents of the city were solemnly laid in earth that is now undermined by lighted vaults and rendered vocal by the ceaseless clash of ponderous machinery. Thus much for the exterior. We descend into the spacious vaults which run down and out towards the centre of the square. The peculiar fitness of the loca- tion for the purposes of a newspaper establishment is here displayed in perfection. No daily paper of circu- lation so large as that of the Times (40,000) can dis- pense with the use of Hoe's lightning press. That magnificent piece of machinery is necessarily bulky, and requires ample space. The press-room vaults of the Times are of extraordinary dimensions, extending 62 THE NEW TOEK PEESS. around tlie three fronts of the building, cand having the following measurements: On Spruce street, one hun- dred by twenty-six feet; on Park row, one hundred by twenty feet; on Nassau street, ninety-five by fifteen feet, with a uniform depth of twenty-four feet below the curb. These vaults are far the finest ever con- structed in New York. On the Nassau street or easterly side are the steara boilers and engine; on the northerly side, two im- mense power-presses, of Hoe's manufacture, one ten- cylinder and one six-cylinder, are placed. On the Park row side are the folding and mailing rooms and the storerooms for paper — the latter opening to the pavement above by means of a huge movable vault- light, which admits of the passage of the largest reams of paper required in printing. The vaults are admira- bly lighted, and an excellent ventilation is sustained. The various editorial, composing, and other offices of the establishment are upon a most extended scale. The cost of the edifice and ground, amounted to something less than $300,000. The Herald Office and vaults, as well as those of the Tribune^ are also of similar gigantic proportions. The 8un^ in Fulton street, at the corner of Nassau street, has also immense vaults. The Evening Post is issued from the corner of Nassau and I ibery streets. CITY OF NEW YOUK 63 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. WALLACK'S THEATRE Is situated on the corner of Broadway and 13tli street. This popuhir and well-conducted theatre is much re- sorted to b}'- the patrons of the drama. Gi'eat pains are taken to provide for the public entertainment, and the result is in most instances successfully attained. NIBLO'S GARDEN Is another favorite resort, and is situated on Broadway, between Prince and Houston streets, with the entrance under the Metropolitan Hotel. It is elegantly fitted up, and capable of seating two thousand persons, and is gen- erally well filled ^ith a fashionable audience. THE OLYMPIC THEATRE, At 022 Broadway, between Houston and Bleecker streets, is another fashionable resort : as is also THE BROADWAY THEATRE, Located on BroadM^ay, corner of Broome street. (54 PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. THE BOWERY THEATRE, Situated in the Bowery, near Canal street, occupies the site upon which three theatres have been succes- sively burnt and rebuilt. The present edifice is of the boric order of architecture. This place of entertain- ment is usually celebrated for spectacle and tbe broader kind of humor. BARNITM'S NEW AMERICAN MUSEUM, Located at 537 and 539 Broadway, between Spring and Prince streets, contains over 100,000 curiosities conspicu- ously displayed in five elegant and spacious saloons. It is the only place in America where a museum, circus, and the drama are combined. Two performances each day are given in the magnificent lecture-room by a first- class circus troupe and talented dramatic company. The price of admission is fixed at the mere nominal sum of thirty cents to museum and lecture-room. THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM Is located in the New York Historical Society Building. It contains several hundred relics, collected with great care and industry by the learned Dr. Abbott, during a residence of twenty years on the banks of the Nile. Here are to be seen mummied men and quadrupeds, the slates of the school-boys in Pharaoh's time, and the re- mains of the lamps that were used to lighten the dark- ness of Egypt. Many of the otijects here are three thousand years old. THE NEW YORK STADT THEATRE, In the Bowery, nearly opposite the Bowery Theatre, is a German Opera House, and has a well-selected company. CARMEN-. 65 CHRISTY'S MINSTRELS, At Fifth avenue Opera House, Twentj-fourtli-street, near Fifth avenue, formerly Grallagher's Evening Exchange. NEW FRENCH THEATRE, Fourteenth-street, between Sixth and Seventh avenues. BRYANT'S MINSTRELS, No. 472 Broadway, is one of the best of places " to wile away an hour." It was in this liall that Ethiopian Minstrelsy first found " a local habitation and a name." The place is well worthy of a visit. CABMEK. The prices authorized by law for carmen, for ordi- nary loads, within the distance of half a mile, is 50 cents ; if over that, and within a mile, one third more may be charged ; for any greater distance, in the same proportion. If a carman charges beyond the legal rates, he cannot collect any thing for his services; but he is not obliged to deliver goods conveyed by him until his legal charge be paid. Every carman is re- quired to have his number distinctly marked on his cart HOTELS. Kew York is justly distinguished for the number and Diagnificence of its hotels. On the line of Broadway there are upwards of 25 of these stately and capacious buildings. In other parts of the city they no less abound, although less costly in their appointments. It will be necessary to detail the more important of these hotels separately. THE ASTOE HOUSE, years ago, of solid granite, and although so many others have arisen since, this well-appointed and ex- tensive establishment still retains its high position. It is capable of accommodating 600 guests. Several of the hotels are conducted upon the Euro- pean plan — the guests hiring their rooms, with or with •' out board. Of these we might mention MOORE'S MADISON SQUARE HOTEL, Corner of Twenty-first street and Broadway. Well ar- ranged for families and transient company. J. L. Moore, proprietor. THE METROPOLITAN HOTEL, Situated on Broadway, corner of Prince street, is built of brown stone, and is six stories in height. The cost of this building and ground was upwards of $800,000. It is furnished throughout in the most splendid and ciT"? OF NEW tore:. 67 costly style, having all the accommodations and con- veniences that the most luxurious taste could devise. The entire estahlishment is heated by steam, and has a ventilating process. The cost of the interior decora- tions and furniture has been estimated at about $200,000 ; making the whole investment in this superb establish- ment, one million of dollars. It is stated that the water and gas pipes, which are carried throughout all the apartments of this mammoth hotel, measure 12 miles ; and there are 13,000 yards of carpeting spread over its 400 or 500 rooms, which, with the superb drapery, cost $40,000; the furniture, $60,000; the mirrors (including some of the largest ever imported), $18,000; the silver- ware, $14,000 — not to mention other items. THE ST. NICHOLAS, Occupying about 300 feet on Broadway, corner of Spring St., stands a monument of architectural beauty, of the Corinthian order and of marble. The immense fa^ade^ six stories high, is of surpassing elegance. It was erected in 1864, at a cost of over a million of dol- lars. "Within the portico of the main entrance, support- ed by four Corinthian pillars with rich capitals, the spectator looks down a columned vista two hundred feet in length and averaging sixty feet in width. The tipper part of the house, reached by a massive staircase of polished oak, is divided into three sections commu- nicating by corridors, and contains six Tiundred rooms. On the second and third floors are one hundred suites of apartments. The three largest dining-rooms com- fortably accommodate six liuudred guests. The pub- lic rooms and chambers are decorated and furnished in the most sumptuous style, while the immense corri- dors are carpeted entire with the ricliest tapestry fab- rics, rendering the step inaudible, and lighted by mag- niticent chandeliers and candelabras placed at short in- tervals throughout their whole extent. The fourth, fifth, and sixth floors are devoted to private parlors, chambers, and single rooms. The original disburse- 68 HOTELS. nieiit for mirrors amounted to $40,000, and the service of silver ware and Sheffield plate cost $50,000. What- ever ornament wealth could purchase or skill produce has been lavished upon this palatial structure, in which one thousand guests may enjoy all of the comforts and luxuries of life. From the telegraph office in the bar-room, messages may be transmitted to almost any part of the Union. More than three hundred waiters are in attendance. The hotel is hghted by gas. The daily expenses of the St. Nicholas are $1,500. As a security against fire the entire establishment can be deluged with water in five minutes. THE PRESCOTT HOUSE Occupies the opposite corner of Spring street, being Nos. 529 and 531 Broadway. The hotel was so named in honor of the celebrated American historian. It is built of brick with quaintly wrought stone work about the windows. The spacious triple-columned and highly ornamented entrance hall is one of the finest in the country. Except in magnitude, this hotel building is of sur- passing beauty. The ceilings are elaborately panelled, carved, and profusely adorned with gilding. The floors of the principal rooms and halls are covered with tiles of various rich colors, arranged in a carpet-like pattern, which contrast beautifully with the white and gold of the walls and ceiling. A considerable part of the fur- niture of the Prescott House was made to order in Paris and London. THE CLARENDON Is another elegant establishment on the corner of Fourth Avenue and Eighteenth street, in the vicinity of Union and Gramercy Park. This hotel is divided into suites of apartments, with all the modern improvements and adornments of taste. It is of the Elizabethan order of architecture, and cost $80,000. Clarendon Hotel, '?VvV.vc^c::^;;^:.'c,^\3;^ Hotel Dibz, late Prescott House, Broadway, cor. Spring St. Frederick Diez, Proprietor. CITY OF NEW YORK. 68A BRANDBETH HOUSE, Corner of Broadway, Canal, and Lb^penard Streets, is located in the most central part of Broadway, and all parts of the city can be reached by city cars and omnibuses constantly passing the door. The rooms are elegantly furnished — many of them in suites of com- municating parlors and chambers, suitable for families and parties travelling together. Being kept on the European plan, guests may live in the most economical or luxurious manner. Meals served at all hours at the shortest notice. The attention of merchants visiting the city is pai'ticularly called to this hotel, as it is situated on Broadway, in the very centre of the -wholesale, job- bing, and retail business of New York, and can be reached by omnibus or city cars from all the steamboat landings and railway depots. Wm. J. Kerr,, Proprietor. GRAMERCY PARK HOUSE, Is another first-class edifice, of colossal proportions, between 20th and 21st streets, facing the delightful shrubbery of a beautiful inclosure called Gramercy Park, from whence the house derives its name. This is one of the largest hotels in the city, built of substan- tial brown stone, and in one of the most aristocratic localities of Gotham. In its internal arrangements it is unsurpassed, and contains spacious accommodations for six to eight hundred guests. Those who may be so fortunate as to select this hotel during their residence in the city, will find its kind and courteous proprietors, Messrs. Judson & Ely, ever ready to contribute to their comfort and enjoyment. HOFFMAN HOUSE, Is another elegant establishment on the comer of Broadway and 25th street, and opposite Madison Square. This hotel is one of the most beautiful in the city, and none who visit J^ew York should fail to see it. It is built of white marble, and conducted on the European plan. It has a capacity for about 350 guests, with superior accommodations, and is extensively patronised by the " Upper Ten." Its situation is in a 68B HOTELS. delightful part of the city, and is a central location for all of the Eastern and Northern railroads, and forms a most eligible and convenient stopping-place for travel- lers, while the cool and delightful square opposite forms an atti'active feature to all. BANCROFT HOUSE, Corner of Broadway and 20th street. By a glance at the city map. it will be seen that the central locality of this large and pleasant hotel secures ready communica- tion, by railroad and stage, with all the most desirable pai-ts of the city — from the Battery to Central Park. Tliis entire establishment has lately been thoroughly renovated throughout, and furnished with accommoda- tions that cannot fail of giving satisfaction to the most fastidious. THE BELVIDERE HOUSE, Occupies the southeast corner of 14th street and Fourth avenue, opposite Union Square and the celebrated Washington Monument. This is a quiet, neat house, on the European plan, and the restaurant connected with- the estabhshment is abundantly supplied with the best the market affords. The situation is in one of the most delightful parts of the city, and the house is well patron- ized by the aristocratic families of both town and country. UNION SQUARE HOTEL, Corner 15th street and Union Square, A. J.. Dam, pro- prietor. The location of this house is one of the most pleasant in the city. Fine suites of rooms, handsomely furnished, for the accommodation of transient as well as permanent boarders. I'his house is kept on the old plan of the regular table cf hote. aud connected with it is a first- class restaurant. IRVING HOUSE, Is a first-class hotel, conducted on the European plan, at the corner of Broadway and 12th street. Accommo- dations for families or transient guests. The location is unsurpassed, being in the immediate vicinity of A. T. Stewart's new store, Wallack's Theatre, etc., and near the Union Square. Geo. W. Hunt, Proprietor. HOFFMAN HOUSE, CITY OP NEW YORK. «» ST. DENIS HOTEL. Opposite Grace Church, and only three blocks below Union Square and the Academj^ of Music, is the St. Denis Hotel, It is architecturally one of the hand- somest buildings on Broadway, occupying seventy-six feet on that thoroughfare, and one hundred and twenty on Eleventh street. Besides parlors, reception-rooms, and reading-rooms, the St. Denis contains over one Iinndred and fifty well lighted and ventilated apartments. The hotel is kept on the European plan, and like the Prescott is the frequent resort of wealthy and distin- guished foreigners. The " up town " location of the St. Denis is on the most fashionable part of Broadway. THE EVERETT HOUSE, Located on the north side of Union Square and Seven- teenth street, from its position is, like the Clarendon, a convenient and delightful place for visitors, being not only in the fashionable part of the city, but also con tiguous to the cars, stages, &c. SOUTHERN HOTEL, In Broadway, facing Bond street, is a magnificent struc- ture, with a frontage of 200 feet, seven stories high, and built of marble, it was completed in 1856 ; its estimated cost being $250,000. Its interior arrangements are par- allel with those of the other magnificent establishments on Broadway, and like them, is usually much resorted to by visitors. Like the Prescott House, it is capable of accommodating 400 guests. THE NEW YORK HOTEL, Broadway, extending from Washington to Waverley Place, is another large and fashionable house, and ad- mirable in all its departments. THE BREVOORT HOUSE, On the Fifth Avenue, corner of Eighth street, is a no 70 HOTELS. ble and spacious Hotel, fitted up in elegant style, and being on the great avenue of fashion, commands a fine view of the heau moTide. THE NEW FIFTH AVENUE HOTEL, Darling, Griswold & Co., proprietors, is an object of special note. In addition to its beautiful site — being opposite to the shrubbery of Madison Square — it stretches its fagades of white marble down Twenty- third and Twenty-fourth streets, both equally known as among the most aristocratic of our thoroughfares. In its internal arrangements, it is unsurpassed — fur- nishing entire accommodation for eight hundred guests, and containing more than one hundred suites of apartments, each combining the conveniences and luxury of parlor, chamber, dressing, and bathing rooms. All the rooms, besides being well lighted and ventilated, will have means of access by a perpendicu- lar railway — intersecting each story — in addition to the broad and capacious corridors and stairways, indepen- dent of the ordinarv and usual approaches from floor to floor. As to location, this hotel is much nearer the termini of the Eastern and Northern Railroads than others fur- ther down town, and from the evidence of the march of improvement, it must continue to be the centre of civilization for many years to come. It will be the most eligible for Southerners, not only as a transient stopping-place en route, but as a delightful home during those periods devoted to summer recreation. THE ALBEMABLE, Another very elegant hotel, is situated at the corner (d Broadway and 24:th street. CITY OF NEW YORK. 71 THE CHURCHES OF NEW YOUK. It is estimated that there are about 300 churches in New York; many of them being of great elegance. We annex brief notices of the more prominent and noteworthy. TRINITY CHUBCH. Fronting Wall street, with its portals invitingly open every day in the year, stands Trinity Church, a beauti- ful temple of worship, in strange contiguity with the busy marts where '* merchants most do congregate." It is the third edifice of the kind erected upon the spot, the first having been destroyed in the great fire ot 1776. This fine gothic structure was completed in 1846, having been seven years in building, under the careful superintendence of Mr. Upjohn, the architect. The church is 192 feet in length, 80 in breadth, and 60 in height. The interior will richly repay examination. Among many relics there carefully preserved, is an elaborate chancel service of silver, presented to the corporation by Queen Anne. The steeple towers up 284 feet in height; the walls of the church are nearly 50 feet high, and the whole edifice, both as to its exterior and interior, is regard- ed by most persons as the most elegant and cathedral- like of the churches of the city. Do not forget to as- cend the steeple to get a panoramic view of the city. The grave-yard of Old Trinity occupies nearly an entire block. Within it are the venerated tombs of Alexander Hamilton, the statesman and friend of Washington ; the heroic commander Lawrence, and many other illustrious public men.- 72 CHTTKOHKS. Adjoining Trinity buildings, and a few feet from Broadway, stands the monumental tribute of the Cor- poration of Trinity Church to the honored " Sugar House Martyrs." Of finely cut and ornamented brown stone, it presents a graceful appearance, while it at- tracts the especial interest of every American patriot from the fact, that the ground immediately under and around it, is rich with the ashes of our Revolutionary fathers. ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL, The third Episcopal church established in the city, was erected in 1766. It stands between Fulton and Vesey streets, opposite Barnum's Museum. The length of the edifice is 151 feet, and the width 73 feet. The steeple is 203 feet high. On the front, in a niche of red sandstone, in the centre of a large pediment supported by four Ionic columns, is a white marble statue of St. Paul, leaning on a sword. Also in the front part of the niche there is inserted a slab of white marble, bearing an inscription to the memory of General Montgomery, who fell at Quebec during the Revolution, and whose remains were removed to New York by order of the State in 1818. At the lower side of the church, facing Broadway, is an obelisk of white marble, erected in honor of Thomas Addis Emmet, the Irish patriot and barrister, who died here in 1827. The inscriptions are in Latin, Irish, and English. ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL (Episcopal). This is one of the associate chm oho 4 of the Trinity Corporation. It is located faciiig St John's Park, on a line with Varick street. It is not modern in style, but yet a very noble looking eoifice. It is built of sandstone, and is very spacious, measur- ing 132 feet by 80. It has a deep portico in fr. ' formed by a pediment and four massive colum^js CITY OF NE^ rOEK. 73 In all the ancient cbarcbes of New York city, the plan of a collegiate charge was the rule. The ancient Episcopal church of the city was established on this basis. Trinity church was considered the parish church, and had a collegiate charge ; St. George's, St. John's, and St. Paul's were called " Chapels." St. George's is how a distinct charge, but the other two are still collegiate. ST. MARK'S CHURCH (Episcopal), situate in Stuyvesant street, to the east of the Bowery, was built in its present form in 1826. The steeple is lofty, but somewhat venerable in appearance, which is indeed the character of the en- tire structure. The church is venerable also on account of its historic associations ; it stands on what was the estate of Petrus Stuyvesant, the last of the Dutch governors, and his remains rest in a vault under the church, over which, on the east side, is a tablet indi- cating the fact. Here also repose the mortal remains of the English governor. Col. Sloughter, and those of the American governor, Tompkins. The Rev. Dr. Vinton is the present minister. ST. 6E0B6FS CHURCH (Episcopal). This spacious and elegant structure, the most capacious ecclesiastical edifice in the city, is situated in East Sixteenth street, opposite Stuyvesant Square. It was erected in 1849, and for architectural beauty is entitled to the first rank among the religious edifices of New York. Its imposing exterior, and vast interior, unsupported by any visible columns, either to roof or gallery, impart to it a fine effect. Its architecture is of the Byzantine order; its length 170 feet by 94 in width. Its entire cost $250,000. The adjoining rec- tory cost $20,000, and the chapel $10,000. The ground n OHUROHES. upon which the church stands was given hy the late Peter G Stuyvesant. The Eev. Dr. T}Tig is Rector. The interior of this splendid church was entirely de- stro3ed by fire, supposed to be the work of an incen- diary, during the latter part of 1S65, entaling a very heavy loss on the society, as it was but partially insured. The fine towers of red sandstone were, however, left intact and uninjured, as were also the massive walls of the building. The interior was accordingly rebuilt, and the edifice now surpasses, in its internal appointments, even its former elegance. TKINITY CHAPEL (Episcopal), situated on Twenty-fifth street, near Broad- way, and extending from Twenty-fifth to Twenty-sixth street, is a spacious and elegant edifice, erected by the Trinity Church Corporation, and cost $260,000. The length of the building is 180 feet; width, 54 feet. The inside walls are of Caen stone; the windows are ot richly stained glass, and the ceiling painted blue, with gilt ornaments. The floors are tiled ; and the seats are movable benches, as in the cathedrals of the Continent. GRACE CHURCH (Episcopal). This superb edifice, the most ornate of the ecclesiastical buildings of New York, is located in Broadway, near Tenth street, and commands a fine view of the great avenue of the city, north and south. The lofty spiral and richly decorated steeple is an object of universal admiration. There is one large and two less sized doors in front. Over the main entrance is a circular window of stained glass, and two tall, oblong windows in each side of the upper section of the tower. Within is a grand array of pillars, carved work, and upwards of forty windows of stained glass, each giving different hues of vision. There is a little too much of theatrical glitter in the interior, to comport with the chastened solemnities of religious worship. It was Church of the Puritans. CITY OV UfiW YORlf. 75 built in 1845. Mr. Renwick was the architect. The cost of the building was $145,000. The Rev. Dr. Tay- lor is the present rector. THE FIRST BAPTIST CHURCH, Corner of Broome and Elizabeth streets, was erected in 1811. It measures 99 by 76 feet, and 70 in height, is of the Gothic order, built of rough stone, with the lintels, cornices, and battlements of brown sandstone. It was constructed during the pastorate of the late Dr. Spencer H. Cone. THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, Situate on Fourth street and Lafayette Place, was built in 1839. It measures 110 feet long by 75 wide; it cost $160,000. Its exterior is very good, but its interior is characterized by simple elegance. The pulpit is of white marble. The Collegiate Dutch Church is one of the oldest establishments of the kind in the city. As" sociated with this Church Association are the " North Church," in Fulton street; the new and elegant Church in Fifth Avenue, corner of Twenty-ninth street; the Ninth Street Church, and that we have just described, on Lafayette Place. Tlie venerable Dr. De Witt and others are the oflflciating clergymen. THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, Situate on the east side of Washington Square, was erected in 1840, of rough granite. It is in the Gothic style, with a large centre window, and two towers. Its interior is very finished and effective, especially the ornamental carved work of the organ, pulpit, &c. Tiie entire cost of the edifice was $125,000. The Rev. Dr. fiutton has long been the minister. ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL (Roman Catholic), on the corner of Prince and MoU streets, was erected in 1815. This building, although 76 OHtJROHEa. not of much architectural beauty, is very spacious, it being nearly 160 feet in length by 80 in width. The tear of the church is ornamented with Gothic windows. The interior presents an imposing effect, the ceiling be- ing very lofty, from which spring large pillars, on. which are lamps pendant. It will accommodate 2000 persons. CHTTRCH OF THE HOLY KEDEEMER, A new German Catholic Church, on Third street, near Avenue A, is a very costly and elegant structure. The spire is 265 feet high, and the edifice is of the Byzan- tine order. It is a most ornamental church, as to its interior, having richly stained windows, broad aisles, marble columns, lofty roof, richly decorated, and a mag- nificent altar, with confessionals, &c. It is estimated at over $100,000. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, On the Fifth Avenue, between Eleventh and Twelfth streets, is a fine stone building, measuring 119 feet by 80; the height of the tower being 160 feet. It cost $75,000. THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, Corner of Thirty-fourth street and Sixth Avenue, is a new and beautiful edifice, very spacious and imposing in its aspect. Its style is Gothic, and the interior deco- rations are in excellent keeping. The organ-screen and pulpit present exquisite specimens of carved work. The Rev. Dr. Thompson is the minister. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, On Madison Avenue, facing the Square, is another brown stone church, exceedingly neat in style. Rev. Dr. Adams is the minister. CITY OF XEW TOKK. 77 THE BRICK CHURCH (Presbyterian), situate on the corner of Thirty-seventh street and Fifth Avenue, is a spacious brick edifice, with lofty spire. Rev. Dr. Spring is the minister. ST. PAUL'S M. E. CHURCH, On Fourth Avenue, corner of Twenty-second street, is a new magnificent edifice, built of marble, in the Ro- manesque style. Its entire length is 146 feet, by 77 , the height of the spire is 210 feet. The cost of the church, parsonage, &c., is estimated at $130,000. CHURCH OF THE MESSIAH, (Unitarian), of which the Rev. Samuel Osgood, D. D., is minister, is situated on the corner of 34th street and Park Avenue. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, On the junction of Tenth street and University Place, is a neat stone edifice, measuring 116 feet by 65, exclu- sive of a lecture-room in the rear, 72 feet by 25. There is a fine Gothic window over the principal entrance. The tower is 184 feet in height. The cost of this church was $56,000. Rev. Dr. Potts is the minister. THE FOURTH UNIVERSALIST CHURCH. This is the Rev. Dr. Chapin's. Situated on the corner of Fifth Avenue and Forty-fifth street. The main build- ing is 80 feet by 100. Gothic style. It has a frontage, including the towers, of 95 feet, and the towers are 185 feet high. The height of the main building is 1>0 feet. The basement for Sunday-school, lecture-room, etc., ex- tends over the entire church, and is 11 feet in height. The entire cost of the church and ground is estimated at $170,000. 78 OHURGHES. CHURCH OF THE HOLY COMMXTNION (Episcopal), on the corner of Twentieth street and Sixth Avenue, is a singular-looking building of brown stone, iu the form of a cross. Its extreme length is 104 feet, by 66 in width. The turret on the south corner is 70 feet in height. The interior is novel and imposing, although divested of ornament. It is, strictly speak- ing, the only free Episcopal Church of its class, in the upper part of the city. Strangers can enter the church with perfect freedom, and seat themselves in any part of it. There is a great want of other accommodations of this class. Will not some one of our wealthy citi- zens (while living we should prefer) endow another truly Free Episcopal Church like this ? It would be an enduring monument of Christian Hberality to such a spirit. Kev. Dr. Muhlenberg is the rector. FIFTH AVENUE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, On the corner of Nineteenth street and Fifth Avenue, erected in 1853, is another of the elegant religious edi- fices which adorn the city. Its cost is estimated at nearly $90,000. Rev. Dr. Eice is the minister. THE FRENCH CHURCH The congregation of the French Church, styled Eglise du St. Esprit^ has removed from Franklin street, cor- ner of Church, to 22d street, between Fifth and Sixth Avenues. The new church is Gothic, and very elegant. Jt will seat about one thousand persons. The rector ia the Rev. Dr. Verren. JEWS' SYNAGOGUES. There are upwards of a dozen Synagogues in this city. The most notable are the following : Shaarai TepMla (Gates of Prayer), No. 112 Wooster street, near Prince street, and m #^ CITY OF NEW YORK. 79 Bnai Jeshurun (Sons of Jeshurun), in Greene street, near Houston street. CALVARY CHURCH (Episcopal), on the corner of Fourth Avenue and 21st street, was erected in 1847, at the cost of $80,000. It presents a picturesque appearance, being built of brown stone. The interior is very spacious and cathedral-like. Adjoining the church is the rectory, also in the Gothic style. THE NEW ST. PATRICKS CATHEDRAL. On the Fifth Avenue and 50th street, now in process of erection, will, when finished, become the crowning architectural ornament of the city. THE CHURCH OF THE PURITANS (Congregational), on Union Square, corner of 15th street, is of white marble, of the later Norman or Lombard style. The Rev. Dr. Cheever is the minister. CHURCH OF ALL SOULS (Unitarian), corner of Fourth Avenue and 20th street, is an eccentric and remarkable edifice, being built in the style of the Italian churches of the middle ages, of brick and delicate cream-colored stone in alternate courses. Adjoining the church, on 20th street, is the parsonage. Included in the design is to be a spire, or campanile, 300 feet high. The Rev. Dr. Bellows is the minister. THE TABERNACLE CHURCH (Baptist), in Second Avenue, near 10th street, adjoin- ing the Historical Society's building, is another Gothio edifice of much beauty and architectural attraction. 80 ELEGANT PRIVATE EESIDENOES. ELEGANT PEIYATE EESIDENCES. In order to form any adequate idea of the progress and opulence of New York, the visitor should not omit to visit the Fifth Avenue, the great centre of wealth and fashion. In other sections of the city are to be Been numerous costly private mansions, such as Lafa- yette Place, St. Mark's Place, Washington Square, Gra- mercy Park, Madison Park, Union Square, and the sev- eral streets that intersect the upper portions of the metropolis. Passing into the Fifth Avenue from Wash- ington Square, we meet at the junction of Ninth street a stately edifice, once the residence of the late Henry Brevoort. Diagonally opposite to this, on the corner of 8th street, is the Brevoort House, a first-class family hotel on a large scale. On the corner of Tenth street is a house in the style of a French chateau, the prop erty of Mr. Sohiff. On the corner of 12th street and Fifth Avenue stands the noble mansion of James Lenox. On the southeast corner of 15th street is the superb establishment occu- pied by Mr, Haight; directly opposite, that of Mr. Benkard. Turning to the corner of 16th street, to the left, may be seen the elegant mansion of Ool. Thorne ; it will be distinguished by its ample court- yard. On the right-hand corner of 16th street is the stately mansion of Mr. Lorillard Spencer, which is said to have cost $100,000. At the northeast corner of 18th street may be seen Mr. Belmont's elegant house ; and on the northwest corner of 20th street is the residence of R. L. Stuart, Esq. At the northwest corner of 34th street and Fifth Avenue is to be seen perhaps the most sumptuous private mansion in the city — that formerly owned by Dr. Townsend, since purchased by A. T Stewart. The private residence of W. B. Astor, Esq, HIGHEST PEEMIUM LOCK-STITCH SEWING MACHINES. No. 625 Broadway, ]¥ew York. CITY OF NEW YORK. 81 on Fifth Avenue and 33d street, is another magnificent edifice There are numerous other superb buildings that we have not indicated, along the line of this avenue and elsewhere, which deserve a separate notice, but this our limits forbid. THE ATHENEUM CLUB Have their rooms at 23 Union Place. It is an associa- tion of men of letters, artists, and members of the lib- eral professions, numbering some 400 to 500, who meet for the purposes of social intercourse, &c. The estab- lishment is elegantly furnished. THE UNION CLUB, On corner of Fifth Avenue and 2l8t street, is one of the most splendid structures in the city. It measures about 50 feet by 100, is built in superb style of brown stone, and cost about $300,000. THE NEW YORK CHESS CLUB Have their rooms in the N. Y. University. It numbers about 80 members. Initiation fee, $5. Subscription, $10 per annum. THE CENTURY CLUB Have their rooms at 42 East 15th street. NOTABLE STOEES, ETC. NOTABLE STORES, ETC. The stores of New York, being celebrated alike for the beauty of their architecture and variety of their stock, claim our special notice. Starting from down town, at No. 75 John street, we find the well known house of Messrs, W. &. C. K. Herrick, who have a hand- some white marble building. This firm is largely en- gaged in the importation of foreign stationery. From John street we pass up Broadway to Chambers street, on the corner of which stands Stewart's Marble Palace, covering a space of 152 feet on Broadway and 100 on Chambers street. On the site of the old Broadway Theatre, Judge Whiting has erected, at a cost of $200,000, a marble building, with 75 feet front on Broadway, by 175 feet deep. At No. 340 Broadway is the ancient site of the famous Broadway Tabernacle, once known through the whole land as the great rendezvous of the various religious and benevolent institutions during the May anniversaries. The frontage on Broadway is 30 feet, and the depth 200 feet, with an extension on Worth street and Catharine lane of 100 feet square. This fine marble edifice is now the immense Avholesale clothing house of Carter, Kirt- land & Co, They occupy about an acre of floor room. On the corner of Worth and Church streets, and oc- cupying the whole block, is the massive stone building of Messrs. H. B. Claflin & Co. Continuing up Broadway to the corner of Franklin street, we come to the International Hotel. The lofty saloon on the first floor, known as " Taylor's," contains an area of seven thousand five hundred feet. The view from the two grand entrances is magnificent. On the corner of White street and Broadway stands one of the finest specimens of architecture of which our city can boast. The building is of white marble, and is &me^wMm. & mmmwMi^ ^ t^ HIGHEST PREMIUM ELASTIC STITCH SEWING MACHINES, 495 BroiKlway, New York. CITY OF NEW YORK. 83 owned by Mr. Astor. Just above this, at ^"0. 889 Broadway, Messrs. Fowler & Wells, the phrenologists, have their rooms. The book-publishing establishment of D. Appleton & Co., 443 & 445 Broadway, attracts attention. They manufacture Cartes de Visite Albums, and have a large Bookbindery and Printing-office in Franklin St., and are extensively engaged in the manufacture of school books. The attention is next arrested by the elegance of a building at the corner of Broadway and Grand street. It has a front of 100 feet on Broadway and 125 feet on Grand street. The whole structure is of highly orna- mented wliite marble, and is occupied by Messrs. Lord & Taylor as a dry-goods store. On the lower corner, Messrs. Devlin & Co., the clothiers, have their store, whilst on the opposite corner Messrs. Brooks Brothers, also clothiers, occupy a fine brown-stone building. Messrs. Routledge, Warne & Routledge, the great Lon- don publishers, have their agency at 129 Grand street. On the corner of Broome street and Broadway, is Messrs. E. V. Haughwout & Oo.'s handsome iron build- ing, and next door to them, at No. 494 Broadway, is the depot of the Elliot Arms Co., whilst opposite them is another iron building, in the Gothic style, occupied by the Grover & Baker Sewing Machine Co. Mr. Anth(my has the building next to this for his Photographic Em- porium, At No. 522 Broadway, opposite the St, Nich- olas Hotel, is James Miller's book store. Here may be found, in addition to a large and well selected stock of both English and American books, everything in the stationery line that can be desired. Next door to Mil- ler's, Messrs. Chase & Co. have their Ornamental Iron "Works, and offer everything in that line from a wire railing to the most elegant statuary. Just above this, at 616 Broadway, is the Empire Sewing Machine Co., and almost directly opposite, is the Dalton Knitting Ma- chine Co. At No 552 Broadway is " Tiffany's." This was the first large establishment to remove "up town," but is now in the central portion of the metropolis. Their silverware and jewelry are mainly manufactured on the 84 NOTABLE STOEES, ETC. premises, and their retail trade alone amouutu I'o over $1,500,000 per annum. Opposite Tiffany's is the saloon known as "• Tjpper Taylor's." Ball, Black & Co.'s new building it' on the corner of Broadway and Prince street. The next building which claims our attention is at No. 625 Broadway, and is known as the " Derby Art Gal- lery." On the ground floor is the show room of the Wheeler & Wilson Sewing Machine Co., which io one of the most beautiful of the BroadM^ay stores. We have now reached Astor Place, at the junction of which and Third Avenue is the Bible House. Passing to and continuing up Fourth Avenue, we arrive at Union Square, at the junction of which with the avenue stands Brown's Statue of Washington. It is a bronze eques- trian figure, placed upon a plain granite pedestal. The statue is fourteen and a half feet, and the whole, includ- ing the pedestal, is twenty-nine feet high. It occupied the artist four years in its construction, and cost over $30,000. The statue is universally admired. The artist has, in a masterly manner, overcome the almost insur- mountable difficulty of all equestrian statues, inasmuch as he has succeeded in making the interest of the horse subordinate to that of the rider. The majestic presence of Washington is the object first to catch and fix the be- holder's gaze. The true proportions and fine attitude of the animal but enter into and complete the inspiring ef- fect of the perfect statue. In the figure of Washington, we have the lofty-minded, imperious master of an else wilful steed, now curbed and subdued by a firm and practised hand; in the horse is seen only the proud bearer of a most noble burden. Before concluding, we would mention the bookstore of Messrs. Thomson Bro- thers, at No. 1107 Broadway. Citizens in their neigh- borhood, and sojourners at the Fifth Avenue and other hotels in their immediate vicinity, will always find the Messrs. 'I'homson's store well filled with books in every depnrtment of literature. Nearly opposite their store is a beautilTil granite shaft erected to the memory of General Worth. Its erection was celebrated by a public ceremonial. POST OFFICE. 85 POST OFFICE. Comer of Nassau and Liberty Streets. Office Hours. — Daily at all hours, except Sundays. Sundays from 9 to 10 a. m., and from 12^ to li p. m. U. S. Mail Stations. — Open from 6.30 a. m. to 9.3.0 p. m A, 129 Spring street, B, 382 Grand street, 0, Fourth street, corner W. Twelfth street, D, Bible House, E, 368 Eighth Avenue, F, 474 Third Avenue, G, 1259 Broadway, H, Yorkville, J, Harsenville, K, Manhattanville, L, Harlem, M, Carmansville, N, Tubby Hook. Rates of Postage. No letter will be sent from this OflSce, to any place witbiu the United States, unless the postage is prepaid by stamps. Stamps and stamped envelopes can be procured at the office of sale, in the second story of the Post Office building ; entrance at the east end of the Cedar street front, open from 9 a. m. to 3 p. m., at the first window from Cedar on Nassau street, and at all the stations. The inland postage (which must be prepaid) upon single letters, is three cents ; double letters twice, and treble letters, treble these rates. Every letter or parcel not exceeding half an ounce in weight, shall be deemed a single letter, and every addi- tional weight of half an ounce, or less, shall be charged with an additional single postage, prepaid by stamps. City letters must be prepaid by stamps at the rate of two cents for each half ounce, or less, and two cents for each additional half ounce, whether delivered from the office or by the carriers. Advertised letters are charged with two cent, in ad- dition to the regul^ar postage. 86 BANKS. BATES OF POSTAGE ON NEWS- PAPEES. Daily newspapers, per quarter, 35c. Six times a week, " 30 Tri-weekly, " 15 Semi-weekly, " 10 Weekly newspapers, " 10 Transient papers, 4 ounces, 2 Monthly magazines, 4 " 3 Monthly magazines, 8 " 6 Books, each, 4 " 4 BANKS The more prominent banks of New York include, the Bank of New York, corner of Wall and Wil- liam streets, the Bank of America, the Mechanics' Bank, the Merchants' Bank, the Manhattan, the Bank of Commerce, Nassau Bank, &c. The Banks of New York are daily becoming more important in an archi- tectural point of view. The American Exchange Barik^ 128 Broadway, corner of Liberty street, is a splendid building of Caen stone. The Bank of Commerce^ in Nassau street, facing the Post-Office, is one of the tinest marble edifices in the city. Its capital is ten millions of dollars. S U B - T R E A S U R Y . CITY OF NEW YORK. 87 Duncan^ Sherman & Co.'s Banhing House is built of brown stone, and stands on the corner of Nassau and Pine streets ; it cost $150,000. Adjoining this is another splendid establishment, — The Continental Bank. The Banh of the Republic is situated at the corner of Broadway and Wall street ; it is a noble edifice, built of brown stone ; its entire cost is estimated at about $175,000. Its capital is $2,000,000. The Metropolitan is also built of brown stone, and is located at the corner of Pine street and Broadway ; its cost is stated at $160,000. The Banh of the Commonwealth., 15 Nassau street, is a beautiful brown stone structure of elegant proportions. T%e Bank of America is one of the old established banks, situated 46 Wall street. Its capital is $3,000,000. On the corner of Wall and William streets, is another fine edifice, the Bank of New York ; recently rebuilt with brick and brown stone facings; its capital is $2,000,000. The Bank of North America., 4A Wall street, has a capital of $1,000,000. Broadway Bank., corner of Broadway and Park Place, is a massive brown-stone building ; its cost is stated at $127,000. The Park Bank., on Beekman street, near Park Row, is a recent establishment, with a capital of $2,000,000. The Phenix Bank., 45 Wall street. The Shoe and Leather Bank., corner of Broadway and Chambers street, has a capital of $1,000,000. The Union Bank., 34 Wall street, has a capital of $1,500,000. The Importers and Traders Bank., 245 Broadway, has a capital of $1,500,000. The Pacific Bank has recently erected a fine marble edifice in Broadway, adjoining Brooks' building, corner of Grand street. The Manhattan Company., 40 Wall street, has a capi- tal of $2,050,000. The Clearing House is at 72 Broadway. 88 SAYINGS BANKS. For a general list of the City Banks, the reader is re- ferred to the New York Directory. SAVmGS BANKS. Among the excellent institutions of New York, may be mentioned the Savings Banks. The principal estab- lishments are the following : Banh for Savings^ 67 Bleecker street, is a beautiful marble edifice, the most elegant and spacious of its class in the city. Bowery Samngs Ban\ 130 Bowery, is a splendid brown stone building — one of tlie architectural orna- ments of this portion of the city. We refer the reader to the annexed illustration of this edifice. Broadway Savings Bank is on the corner of Park Place. East River Savings Bank is situated 3 Chambers street. The Irving^ 96 Warren street. The Greenwich, 73 Sixth Avenue. The Emigrant Industrial, 51 Chambers street. The Mechanics and Traders\ 283 Bowery. The Manhattan, 644 Broadway. The Dry Dock, 663 Fourth street. 2 he Merchants'' Clerks' Savings Bank, 516 Broadway. Seaman^ 8 Bank for Savings, 78 Wall. Sixpenny Savings Bank, Clinton Hall, Aster Place. :||!i!::ii?' 'nil!' mm^ OtTT OF NE-W YORK. SO PUBLIC WORKS. tse csloton aqueduct, By -which the city is supplied with pure water, is on« of the most gigantic enterprises of the kind undertaken in any country. The distance which the water travels through this artificial channel, exclusive of the grand i-eservoir, is about forty miles. The Dam crosses the Oroton River six miles from its mouth, and the whole distance from this dam, thirty^two miles, is one un- broken under-ground canal, formed of stone and brick* The great receiving reservoir is on York Hill, five miles from the City Hall ; it can receive a depth of water to the extent of twenty feet, and is capable of containing 150,000,000 gallons. Two miles further on is the dis- tributing reservoir, at Murray Hill. This reservoir is of solid masonry, built in the Egyptian style of archi- tecture, with massive buttresses, hollow granite walls^ &c. On the top of the walls is an inclosed promenade. It is three miles from the City Hall. The cost of this immense undertaking was over thirteen millions of doP lars. During the past years the works have been thoroughly examined and repaired from the Oroton Dam to the receiving reservoir at an immense cost. In connec* tion with this a typographical survey of the valley of the Oroton was effected, by which it appears that the ridge defining the waters above the point at which the Aqueduct begins, measures 101 miles. Within thiscir-' cuit there are 31 lakes and ponds ; and the aggregate area of waters including the tributaries is 352 square miles ; which is equal to 96,034 gallons per square mile during the driest season. Yet large as this supply may appear, the resources of the Brooklyn water- works are nearly six times as great. Among the improvements now contemplated in these colossal works is the erection of still another immense reservoir in the northeastern part of the city, provided with a high column (pumped lip by steam) in order to increase the pressure in the pipes of the Division where the present head of water is ineffective, owing to the altitude of the ground. The immense New Eeservoir cost $2,250,000 when completed. The New Reservoir is located at York hill,, in the Central park, between Eighty-fifth and Ninety-seventh streets. The gate-houses, which are to cost $193,513, are to be built in the outer reservoir bank, and at the ends of the central bank of the new reservoir, the aqueduct will extend therefrom to about 50 feet east of the existing aqueduct, near the Ninth Avenue. The south gate-house will be located near Eighty-sixth street ; 83 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 42 feet above the pavement of the bays, which are to be divided. The masonry will be very massive, and supported by but- tresses four feet wide and sixteen feet high. The north gate-house will be 72 feet by 40, and correspond with the other so far a relates to distribution and waste- pipes, &c. At the distance of about eight miles from the City Hall is TH£ HIGH BRIDGE, The most important structure connected with the Oro- ton Aqueduct. It is thrown across the Harlem valley and river. It spans the whole width of the valley and river at a point where the latter is 620 feet wide, and the former a quarter of a mile. Eight arches, eacii with a span of 80 feet, compose this structure ; and the ele- vation of the arches gives 100 feet clear of the river from their lower side. Besides these, there are several other arches rising from the ground, the span of which is somewhat more than half that of the first mentioned. The material employed throughout the whole of this '•v«v.-v^«H-,:^^_^^ St. Denis Hotel. OITT OF N-EW TOEK. ^1 imposing object is granite. The works cost $900,000. The water is led over this bridge, which is 1450 feet ia extent, in iron pipes ; and over all is a pathway, which, though wide enough for carriages, is available to pedes- trians only. The fare by a carriage, allowing passen- gers to remain two or three hours at the bridge, is $5. It can be reached pleasantly and expeditiously by the Harlem Railroad (Depot 4th Avenue and 26th street), or in summer by the Third Avenue Railroad and steam- boat from Harlem. SHIP-BXnLDINQ YARDS AND DRY DOCKS. Of the numerous works in and around New York, the stranger must not fail to pay a visit to the Ship-Build- ing Yards and Dry Dochs^ where gigantic steamers may be seen in every stage of progress, and all the most approved machinery connected with ship-building in active operation. THE NOVELTY WORKS, At the foot of Twelfth street, are of themselves a per- fect marvel, and here the stranger may sj)end an hour with the greatest pleasure and profit in witnessing aL the wonders of the steam-engine. THE NAVAL DRY DOCK, A stone structure, said to be the largest of the kind In the world, and a perfect monument of engineering skill, will also well repay tlie trouble of a visit. The dimen- sions of this gigantic dock are 400 feet in length by 120 in breadth at their base. The work took ten years in its construction; it cost $2,150,000. THE SECTIONAL DOCK, At the foot of Pike street. East River, is an object well worth visiting. The dock is constructed for the pur- pose of lifting vessels, by means of tanks filled with water. There is also another process of raising a ves Bel, by means of pulleys, worked by hydraulic power. S2 SHIPS. — F0BTIFI0ATION8. CLIPPER SHIPS, PACKETS, ETC. Tlie docks along the North River, from the Battery Dorthward, and also especially along the East River, exhibit a complete forest of masts of the naval architec- ture of the city. Splendid packet-ships, clippers, and steamboats, of all descriptions and sizes, hem in the margins of these rivers. On the North River may be seen the stately ocean-steamers. These also are objects of interest to strangers, and they may inspect the ele- gant cabins of these splendid vessels on application. FORTS AND FORTIFICATIOi^S. The national defences of New York comprise the following : the strong fortifications of the Narrows — on the one side, Forts Hamilton and La Fayette^ the latter having three tiers of guns, &c. ; on the other side, Forts Tompkins and Richmond^ situated on Staten Island heights. To protect the inner harbor, there are Forts Columius and Castle William^ on Governor's Island, and the works on Bedlow's and ElHs' Islands. Castle William, measuring 600 feet in circumference, and 60 feet high, is a circular stone battery, with magazines, &c. Fort Columbus, on the same island, connects with the former. Here are barracks and a corps of the United States troops. Governor's Island^ formerly known as Nut Island, from its formerly being covered with nut-trees, was, in colonial times, used by the English governors as OITT OF NEW YORK. 9S pleasure-grounds. The several fortifications liere, may be easily seen, by taking a boat from Castle Garden, foot of the Battery. There are other fortifications for the defence of Long Island Sound, and also towards Sandy Hook. FKmCIPAL RESTAURANT SALOONS. These are Taylor's Saloon^ the largest and most sumptuous in the city or country, No. 555 Broadway. MaiUard's Saloon, in Broadway, adjoining St. Thomas* Church, corner of Houston street. There are two or three others on Broadway, in the neighborhood of Tenth and Twelfth streets. The Refectories and Oyster Saloons are too numer- ous to detail, being accessible in almost every section of the city. The more important are the following: Florence's, 609 Broadway. S. H. CrooFs, 84 Chatham street. Crook, Fox & Hash, 39 Park Row, and 147 Nassau. A. Bang & Co., 308 Broadway. Delmonico's, corner of Fifth avenue and 14th street, William Taylor, 555 Broadway. John S. Savery & Co., 145 Fulton street. Lorenzo Delmonico, 275 Broadway, and 22 Broad st, Maison Doree, 14th street, near Broadway. Belly's, corner Fifth avenue and llth street. Pieris & PurcelVs, 734 Broadway. Oeo. W. Browne's, 123 Water street. 94 HOTELS. — MAEZET8. PEmCIPAL HOTELS. TTie Astor House^ Broadway, near the City Hall Park The Metropolitan^ Broadway, corner of Prince street. St. Nicholas., Broadway, corner of Spring street. Prescott House., Broadway, corner of Spring street. The Everett Home., north side of Union Square. La Farge House., Broadway, opposite Bond street. New York Hotel., Broadway, cor. of Washington Place. The Clarendon., cor. Fourth Avenue and Eighteenth st. St. Denis^ corner of Broadway and Eleventh street. Union Place Hotel., Union Square. Brevoort House., Fifth Avenue and Clinton Place. St. Germain., Fifth Avenue and Twenty-second street. The Julian.^ Washington Place, near Broadway. The Fifth Avenue Hotel, corner of Fifth Avenue and Twenty-third street. In addition to the above, there are numerous other hotels and houses, which may readily be ascertained. WEW YORK MAEKETS. THE FULTON MABEET, Built in 1821, at a cost of $220,000, is located on a block described by Fulton street on the south, Beek- man on the north, Front on the west, and South street on the east. WASHINGTON MARKET Is on the western side of the city, on the North River, at the foot of Vesey street and Washington street. This market receives the produce from the West, as the Fulton does from the East district. ATLAiVriC MITTUAL INSURANCE COMPANY, 51 WALL STKEET. i^iAuiivi: AM) \^}Am iivsi RAivrE. JOHN D. JONES, Pres. CHARLES DENNIS. V. Pres. W. H. H. MORE. 9A V. Pres JOHN D. HEWLETT. ?d V. Pres. J. H, CHAPMAN, Secretary. CITY OF NEW TOEK. 95 CATHABINE MASEET Is smaller than the above, occupying a square between Cherry and South streets, East River. There are also CHELSEA MAEKET, In the Ninth Avenue, near Eighteenth street ; JEFFEKSON MARKET, Owner of Greenwich and Sixth Avenues ; CLINTON MARKET, Situate at the foot of Canal street, between the North Eiver and Washington street ; and TOMPKINS MARKET, Between Sixth and Seventh streets. Third Avenue. There is yet another, more central, and on a larger scale, known as CENTRE MARKET, In Centre street, extending from Grand to Broome streets. This is a well-built and commodious place, adapted for the various departments of a public market. The building is substantial, built of brick, two stories nigh ; the upper portion being used as armories and drill-rooms by military companies, &c. THE OCEAN STEAMSHIPS. The offices of the several lines of steamships are as follows : Cunard Steamers. — E. Cunard, 4 Bowling Green. 96 FOREiaW COTSSULS, U. S. Mail Steamship Co., for Aspinwall. — J. W. Ray- mond, 177 West street. Glasgow Steamers. — R. Craig, 6 l^owling Green. Charleston Steamers. — Spofford, Tiheston & Co., 29 Broadway. Pacific Mail Steamship Co. — 88 Wall street. The Liverpool and New YorJc S. S. Co.— John G. Dale, 15 Broadway. M. 0. Boherts'' Line to San Francisco and Oregon. — D. IST. Carrington, 177 West street. U. S. Mail Line for California ma Panama. — D. B. Allen, No. 5 Bowling Green. Steam to Hamburg^ Havre, Southampton, and Lon- don.— G. B. Richard & Boas, 181 Broadway. Mail Steamers to France direct. — The General Trans- atlantic Company's new line of first class side-wheel steamships hetween New York and Havre. George Mackenzie, Agent, No. T Broadway. For Havana. — Spofford, Tileston & Co., 29 Broad- way. Advertisements of other lines are to be found either in the Directory, or in the columns of the New York Herald. STEAMBOATS. NORTH RIVER. Albany, etc. (morning boat), Pier No. 39. Albany (night line), Pier No. 41. Troy (night line). Pier No. 34. Boston and Providence (Prop.), Pier No. 2T. Boston (Fall River Line), Pier No. 28. Boston (Stonington Line), Pier No. 13. Boston (Norwich and Wor, Line), Pier No. 39. Banytown, Bhineheck <& Tivoli, Pier No. 87. Cattskill and Hudson, Pier No. 39. Coney Island and Fort Hamilton^ Pier No. 4. Coxtackie, Bristol, Cattskill, etc^ Pier No. 37. Cozzen's^ Cornwall, etc., Pier No. 39. Dobbs' Ferry, Yonkers, etc., Pier' No. i\4. Elizabethport, etc.. Pier No. 14. Fort Lee, Bull's Ferry, etc., Pier No. 51. Grassy Point, Cold Spring, etc.^ Pier No. 39. Hastings, Dobbs' Ferry, etc.. Pier No. 34 97 MANHAT Cash Capital neh, etc., ■ore). Pier Nyackf izing 8t^ itc. Pier etc.. Pier I Nyack^ 'orkville^ Foot ot 'Me, etc.^ nd Bye, Bridge, places^ tington, % Great «... Pier ier No. '■c.. Pier larbor, No. 38. 3., Pier FtNKV Stokes, President Interior view of the Office of the MANHATTAN LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY, Nos. lot) & lo8 Broadway, New York. rash Capital &. AM) London. Norwich & Mystic^ Pier No. 33. New Hamburg and Milton, Pier No. 39 Netcburgh, Po%i,g]ikeepsie, eic^ Pier No. 39. Newport, Fall River, etc.. Pier No. 26. Norwieh. Pier No, 33. NyacK Tarrytown and Yonkere, Pier No. 34. Peekskill, Pier No. 84 Perth Arnboy. Rossville, etc.. Pier No. 30. Perth Amhny, Pier No. 1. Port Monmouth and Middletoicn, Pier No. 32. Port Washington and Fairhaven, Piers No. 26 and 30. Poughkeepsie and Cornwall, Pier No. 3:3. PoiHjhkeepsie, Yonkers, etc.. Pier No. 39. Providence, Pier No. 35. Rockland Lake, Nyack, etc^ Pier No. 34. Rockaway, Pi«.r No. 30. Rondout and Kingston, Pier No. 39. RoKSville, Woodbridge, etc., Pier No. 30. Red Bank, N. J., Pier No. 32. Saugerties. RIdnebeck S Tivoli, Pier No. 37. South Amhoy. Pier No. 1. Sing Sing, Pier No. 34. Sing Sing, Irvington and Tarry- town. Pier No. 30. Btatea. Island, Whitehall Slip. Snug Harbor, Factoryville, eto.. Pier No. 19. Shreioihury, Long Branch, etc.. Pier No. 32. Staten Inland {North Shore), Pier No. 19. Tarrytown, Yonkere, Nyack, Pier No 34. Tottens, Chelsea and Blazing St.^ Pier No. 30. We.st Camp, 'Maiden, etc.. Pier No. -35. Went Point, Newbui'^, etc.. Pier No. 39. YonkerR, Tarrytown and Nyack, Pier No. 34. EAST RIVER. Astoria. Harlem and Yorkville, Pi^r No. 24. BlarktoeWs Island, etc.. Foot of 26th street. Bridgeport, Pier No. 35. Bridgeport, Pier No 26. City Island, New Rochelle, etc.^ Pier No. 43. College Point, Pier No. 22. Derby, Conn.. Pier No. 37. Flushing, Pier No. 22. Greenwich, PortcheMer and Rye, Pier No. 26. Harlem,. Yorkville d; High Bridge, Pier No. 24. Hartford & intermediate places^ Pier No. 24. Glen Cove, Rosiy7i, Rayley's 1)% Pi.er No. 24. IJ-o'/d's Dock and Huntington, Pier No. 26. Motfs Dock, Sands' Point, Great Neck, Pier No 24. Myotic and Noank, Conn.. Pier No. 23. lieio Haven. Pier No. 24. Norwalk and Danbttry. Pier No. 37. Northport, Oyster Bay, etc.. Pier No. 26. Orient, Greenport and S. Harbor, Pier No. 3S. Portland,for Canada, Pier No. 38. Rye Point, Portchester, etc-, Pier No. 26. Stamford, Pier No. 22. 98 CITT OF NEW YOEK» WESTEEN UNION TELEGEAPH. General OfBee, 145 Broadway. Produce Exchange^ cor. Pearl street arid WMteLall. Cor. William and Beaver streets,. "Basement" 134 Pearl street. 22 Broad street. Merchants' Exchange News Room, 50 and 52 Pine street Falton Market, 83 Fish Market. Astor House. Washington Market, 100 Yesey street. Hudson Pwivei' Railroad Depot, Warren street. 239 Broadway. Dry Goods Exchange, 49 and 51 Park Plaee. Pier 39 K R., Yestry street. Pier 41 N. R. 280 Canal street, near Broadway. Westchester House, eor. E^oome and Bowery. St. Nicholas Hotel Prescott H^use. Metropolitan Hotel. New York Hotel. 95 Eighth Avenue, near 14th street. Dry Dock, cor. 10th street and Avenue D. Everett House. Madison Square, 945 Broadway. Fifth Avenue Hotel. Hoffman House. Harlem R R. Depot, cor. 26th street and Fourth Avenue. N. Haven R.R. Depot, cor. 27th st. and Fourth Avenue. Allerton^s VVest , Eleventh Avenue and 41st street. Cor. Sixth Avenue and 42d sti-eet. Yorkville, eor. Third Avenue and 86th street. Harlem, cor. Third Avenue and 135th street. Manhattanville Railroad Depot. Astoria, Fulton street, near junction of Main. Jersey City, 26 Exchange Place. Hohoken, Morris and Essex Railroad Depot. crrY OF yEw YORK. 98 A IlST OF NUMBERS AND LOCALITIES OF THE FIRE ALARM STATIONS. Examples. — Two strokes — an interval — theii three strokes, indicate 23 (twenty-three), wliich will be re- peated at longer intervals,^ and will give notice of a fire in the vicinity of the Engine House, Henry-street, near drawn by horses or mules along rails laid on the streets. The fare is only 6 cents. They run as follows: Harlem Go's City Cars— From Park Row to Centre street, through Centre to Grand, Grand to Bowery, up Bowery to Fourth Avenue and Twenty -seventh street. Second Avenue Cars—Vvom Peck Slip, througli Pearl, Chatham, Bowery, Grand, and Allen streets. First Ave nue, East Twenty-third street and Second Avenue, to Harlem. Third Avenue Railroad — Park Row, Bowery, Third Avenue, to Yorkville. Sixth Avenue Railroad — Yesey, througn Church and Chambers streets, West Broadway, Canal, Varick, and Carmine streets, Sixth x\ venue, to Fifty -ninth street. Seventh Avenue Railroad — From corner of Broadway and Barclay street, through Church, Greene, University Place, Broadway, Forty-third street, and Seventh Ave- nue to Fifty-ninth street. There is also a branch start- ing-place from corner of Broadway and Broome street. Eighth Avenue Railroad — Vesey, through Church, Chambers, West Broadway, Canal, Hudson streets, and Eighth Avenue, to West Fifty-ninth street. Sinth Avenue Railroad— Bmclaj^ corner of Church, through Church, Chambers, West Broadway, Canal, Greenwich, and Ninth Avenue^ to Fifty -ninth, street. Central Park, Korth and East River Railroad- Eastern Division — From South Ferry, foot of White- hall street, through Front, Water, and South streets, to Grand Street Ferry ; thence through Grand, Man- gin, Corlears and Houston streets, to Avenues D and A ; thence through 14th street to First Avenue, and through First Avenue and 59th street to the Fifth Avenue en- trance of the Central Park. 100 CITY OF NEW YORK. Central Parh^ North and East River Railroad — Western Division —From South Ferry, foot of White- hall street, through Whitehall and State streets, Bat- tery Place, West street, Tenth Avenue and 59th street, to Fifth Avenue entrance of Central Park. Broadway and Grand Street Ferry Railroad — From junction of Broadway and Canal street, through New Canal street, East Broadway, and Grand street to Grand Street Ferry. Broadway and Seventh Avenue Railroad — From junction of Broadway and Barclay street, through Barclay, Church, Greene, and Eighth streets, Univer- sity Place, Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 69th street. — Branch from junction of Broadway and Broome street, through Broome, Greene, Eighth streets, University Place, Broadway, Seventh Avenue, and 59th street. Rettjen Route — From corner of 59th street and Seventh Avenue, through Seventh Avenue, Broadway, University Place, Eighth street, Wooster street (Branch Road from Wooster through Broome street, to Broadway). Canal street. West Broadway, Barclay street, to Broadway. Forty-second Street and Grand Street Ferry Rail- road — Forty-second street and Eleventh Avenue, along Forty-second street to Tenth Avenue, through Tenth Avenue to Thirty-fourth street, Broadway, Twenty- third street, Fourth Avenue, Fourteenth street, Avenue A, Houston street, Cannon street. Grand street, to Grand Street Ferry. Retuen Route — From Grand Street Ferry to Goerck street, through Goerck, Hous- ton, and Second streets, Avenue A, Fourteenth street. Fourth Avenue, Twenty-third street, Broadway, Thir- ty-fourth street. Tenth Avenue to Forty-second Street Ferry. Fast Broidway and Dry DocTc Railroad — From junction of Park Row and Broadway, through Park Row, Chatham street, Chatham Square, East Broad- way, Grand street, Goerck, Houston, to Avenue D, thence through Avenue D to Dry Dock. Retuen OMNIBUSES AND RAIL-CARS. 101 Route — From Dry Dock, through Avenue D, Eighth, Lewis, Grand streets, East iJroadway, Chatham Square, Chatham-street, Park Kovv to Broadway. Fourteenth-street and Fulton Ferry Railroad — From foot of Fourteenth-street, North River, through Hudson, Bleecker, Crosby, Howard, Elm, Keade, Centre, Beek- man, and South streets, to Fulton-street ; and return through Fulton, William and Ann streets to Park Row, and thence to Fourteenth-street along the route above mentioned. Graiid-ntreet Ferry and Oourtland -street Ferry ItaiU road — From Gra- id-street Ferry through Grand-street, East Broadway, Walker, Greenwich, and Courtlandt streets to the ferry. For the seveml stage and omnibus routes throughout the city, see the New York Directory. Most of them have their routes designated on the outside of the ve- hicle. A large proportion of them pass up and down Broadway almost incessantly. 102 KAILEOADS. KAILROADS. NEW YORK AND NEW HAVEN. Th.3 is much frequented ; the distance to New Ha- ven is 76 miles ; but the route is continued on to Spring- field C3 miles further, and thence a distance of 100 miles more reaches Boston. Tlie whole journey, which saves the passage on the Sound, is accomplished in about 8 hours. The depot is on the corner of Fourth Avenue and Twenty-seventh street. This road cost $4,233,000. NEW YOEK AND HARLEM. The trains run on this road as far as Albany, stop- ping at intermediate places. As far as Williams' Bridge, which is 14 miles from the city, they run on the same track as the New Haven trains, afterwards they branch off. The Harlem tunnel, a quarter of a mile in length, is a wonderful excavation, being cut through solid granite ; — while it is approached by a long deep cut oi more than a mile in length. Cars leave the depot opposite the Astor House, every five minutes, for Twenty-seventh street, from half-past 7 A. M., to 8 p. M ; and the night line every 20 minutes, from 8 to 12. Oars for Harlem, only, leave from the same place every hour throughout the day. THE HUDSON RIVER. The city depot of this road is at the junction oi Chambers and Hudson streets, whence passengers are conveyed to the depot at Thirtieth street, corner of Tenth Avenue, for the locomotive. This road extends to Albany, and stops at the intermediate places. It» time-table varies, but can be had on application. This is considered the best-constructed road in the country; its cost, for 144 miles, is stated at $9,300,000. OITT OF NEW YORK. 103 NEW JERSEY BAILROAD. For Washington, Baltimore, and Philadelphia, and intermediate placep, leaves New York from foot of Cortlandt street, via Jersey City Ferry. CENTRAL RAILROAD OF NEW JERSEY. For Harrisburg, Reading, Pottsville, Mauch Chunk, and intermediate places, leaves Pier No. 2, N. R. NORTHERN RAILROAD OF NEW JERSEY. For Piermont and intermediate places, leaves New York from foot of Cortlandt street. CAMDEN AND AMBOY RAILROAD. For Philadelphia, via steamers to Amboy, leaves Pier No. 24, N. R. MORRIS AND ESSEX RAILROAD. For Hackettstown and intermediate places, leaves foot of Barclay street. LONG ISLAND RAILROAD. For Greenport and intermediate places, leaves James Slip, and foot of Thirty-fourth street, E. R. CONEY ISLAND RAILROAD. All Brooklyn horse-cars for Greenwood connect with this road. Depot, Thirty-sixth street, near Fifth Av- enue, Brooklyn. FLUSHING RAILROAD, L. L Leaves foot of 34th street, and James Slip, N. Y. RARITAN AND DELAWARE BAY RAILROAD. For Middletown, Red Bank^ Long Branch, Tom's river, and intermediate places, leaves wharf foot of Murray street. STATEN ISLAND RAILROAD. For Tottenville and intermediate places, leaves New York from Pier No. 1, foot of Whitehall street, E. R, 104 OITT OP NET7 YOEK. FERRIES. BrooMyn — Catherine Slip to Main street. From 5 A. M. to 9 p. M., every ten minutes ; from 9 p. m. to 12 A. M.. every twenty minutes. Brooklyn — Foot Fulton street, N. Y., to Fulton street, B'klyn. From 3 a. m. to 12 p.m., every five minutes; from 12 p, M. to 3 a. m., every fifteen minutes. BrooMyn — Foot Jackson to Hudson Avenue. From 5 A. M. to 10 p. M., every fifteen minutes. Brooldyn {E. />.)— Foot Roosevelt to South Seventh street. From 5 a. m. to 8 p. m., every ten minutes Brooldyn— Foot Wall to Montague street. From 5 a. m. to 8 p. M., every ten minutes; from 8 p. m. to midnight, every twenty minutes. BrooHyn— -Foot Whitehall to Atlantic street. From 5 A. M to n p M., every 12 minutes; from 11 p. m. to 5 a. m., Q\erf half hour. BrooMyn {E. i>.)— Foot Grand street, K Y., to Grand street, B'klyn, and to Division Avenue. BrooMyn {K D) — Foot E. Houston to Grand street. BiilVs Ferry and Fort Lee — Pier No. 44 N. R. Greenpoint — Foot Tenth and foot East Twenty-third. From 6 a. m. to 9 p. m., every fifteen minutes. Hamilton Atenue — Foot Whitehall to Atlantic Dock. From 7 A. M. to 6 p. m., every ten minutes; from 5 p. M to 12 A. M., every fifteen minutes. Holohen — Foot Barclay. From 6 a. m. to 7? p. m., every fifteen minutes; from 7| p. m. to 12 p. m., every half hour ; from 12 p. m. to 4 a. m., every hour ; from 4 to 6 A. M., every half hour. EohoTcen — Foot Canal. From 5} a. m. to 9 p. m., every half hour. Hunter's Point — Foot East Thirty-fourth street. From 4^ A. M. to 12 p. M., every fifteen minutes. Fare 4 cents. Hunter^ Point — James Slip to Ferry street, every half hour. FEREIES. 105 Jersey City — Foot Oourtlandt to Montgomery street. From 3 a. m. to 7^ p. m , every ten minutes ; from 1\ p. M. to 12 p. M., every fifteen minutes; from 12 p. m. to 3 A. M., every thirty minutes. Jersey City — Foot Desbrosses to Exchange Place. From 5 a. m. to 10 p. m., every fifteen minutes; from 10 p. M. to 5 A. M.. every thirty minutes. Mott Ilaten — Foot Peck Slip. Boats leave at 7, 8, 9.15, and 11 30 a. m., 1.15, 3.15, 4.15, 5.15. 6.15 p. m. From foot of Eighth street, fifteen minutes later. Paxonia — Foot Chambers, N. R., to Long Dock. From 1 A. M. to 7 p. m., every fifteen minutes; from 7 p. M. to 1 A. M., every half hour. Staten Mand — (New Brighton, Port Richmond, and Snug Harbor.) — Foot Whitehall. 5 trips daily. Staten. hland — (Quarantine, Stapleton, and Vander- bilt's Landing.) — Foot Whitehall. From 6 a. m. to 7 p. M., every hour. The 7 and 9 a. m. and 1, 4, and 6 p. M., connect with the trains of the Staten Island Railroad. Weehawhen — Foot West Forty-second. From 7 a. m. to 9 p. M., every twenty minutes. Astoria Ferry — Foot East Ninety-second. Boats rmi every fifteen minutes. EXPKESS COMPANIES. Adams Exprem, 59 Broadway, Spring and Broadway, and 27th street, and Fourth Avenue. Anifirieait. 61 Hudson street and 280 Canal street Avierican-European, 72 Broadway. Astoria and Havennwood, 13 John street Batk {Retnson's), 117 John street Beryen ExprenH ( Van Riper), 56 Courtlandt street. BreeM Evpresft, 162 Broadway and 280 Canal street Brooklyn Express ( WestcoWs), 1 Park Place. Brooklyn {Plumh's) 170 West street Brooklyn (Studiey's) 142 Grand street 106 CITY OF NEW TOEK. Brooklyn and New York (Simonson's), 181 Atlantic street, Brooklyn, and 71 Courtlaridt street. New York. Budd's Nf-wdrk Efcpresi^, 66 Courtlandt street Bumham's Ftiniitui-e Express, 115 West Eleventh street • Coney IsUtnd Exprem^ 117 John street. Connecticut River Exprenn, 254 Broadway. Cnha {BomhdUer <& Oom) ExpreHH, 42 Broadway. DenniuffH ExpreMx^ Pier 3U N. E. Doddft' Exprent, foot Courtlandt street. Fort Washingtov avd i'armansviUe, 280 Canal street Flmhiug Expre-sn {F;ster\'<\ II James Slip. Flushing {L>)^ 179 South street. Freehold, K J. (VmnonerVs). 153 West street Greenimint and IIunter''n Point, 13 John street ffackeundck Expreftn, foot Cliiiinbt-rs street Ilnndf<>rd\s {Citi/) Express, 170 West street Harnden'a Exprefin Company, 65 Broadway. Himpatead and J'ess, 5 James Slip. Manhattanville (Rated en\ 280 Canal street Merchant's Union. 194 Broadway, Metropolitan I'uhUc Conv^y((Jice Company, 25 Chambers street MittnachVs, 203 Church street. Morgan^s City Express, 952 Broadway and 280 Canal street Morris Express, 50 Broadway. National Express Company, 65 Broadway and 280 Canal street National Express and Ticntsportation Company, 298 Broadway. New Bedford Express. 65 Broadway, Neptune' {Prov.) Express, 193 Broadway. NfW Jersey Express Company, foot Courtlandt street New Jersey Express. 222 Washington street. Neio York Express Company, 145 Fifth Avenue. New York {Rollin's) Jay and Greenwich streets. Newark B <& B., 227 Pearl street Newark {Buck cfe Pomeroy), 167 Washington street. Nyack {Barclay's), 2 Harrison street Paterson {Biundell's) Express, 271 Washington street Paterson (Scott's Express), 114 Keade street, Paterson Express, 187 Chambers street Paterson {McGregor's). 19.5 Chambers street Paterson {Adams'') Express. 187 Chambers street Pullen's. 1 Tryon Row, and Twenty-sixth street and Fourth Avenae. Raynor's Furniture Express, 269 Canal street Reid's Express, 48 Broadway. Bockaway and YorkvUle Express, 117 John street Rowland's {Brooklyn) Express, 13 Park Place. LOCATION OF PIBES. 106A Studlei/'s City Expres-'^ Company, Fourth Avenue and 27th street. Sing Sing, 1 HudNon street. Smith\s City Express, 8 Old Slip. S/xni/dinr/'.-i E.rj)ress, 2 Astor House. Union Exp//-s.s Conipairt/, 127 Broad street. Tarri/tiiivn {Rik^^r'.-i), 271 Washington street. United Sti'tt-s Expres.e edge of the island, may be seen tlie Orphan and the Lunatie Asylums^ also numer- ous cottages and villas. The town of Manhattanville is next visible, beautifully embosomed in a valley, being surrounded with hills. Here the celebrated naturalist Audubon resided. Carmansville^ about nine miles from the city proper, is clustered with neat rural resi- dences, and is a favorite resort of New Yorkers, as a THE HUDSON KIVER. 125 suburban retreat. Near this spot is the High Bridgej which carries the Croton aqueduct across the Harlem river. One mile farther is the bold, rocky height, known as Fort Washington^ memorable in our Revolu- tionary annals. It was the scene of a sanguinary en counter with the invading array, in which the British lost eight hundred men, and we some two thousand prisoners. The next object of interest is Spuyten Duy^ vel Greeks the origin of which name is humorously de- scribed in Knickerbocker's History of New York. This stream, which flows into the Harlem river, forms the northern boundary of the island of Manhattan. The next town we meet, some sixteen miles from the city of New York, is Yonkers^ a beautiful and pic- turesque spot, and one of great resort as a rural re- treat. It is full of elegant villas and pretty cottages. Near the town are Fordham^ with its Roman Catholic College^ and Tetard^» Hill^ noted in Revolutionary history. Hastings is the next place of note. Here the palisades begin to recede from the river. DohVa Ferry^ an important spot in Revolutionary times, is situate on the western shore. On the opposite side of the river is the residence of Washington Irving — Sunny- aide. This beautiful, antique villa is scarcely visible from the water, being enveloped with the thick foliage which surrounds it. It is styled Wolferfs Boost, in the "Sketch Book." The pleasure-grounds of Mr. Irving's residence are laid out with excellent taste, and the picturesque beauty of the place, as well as the world-w^ide fame of the author, render it the great attraction of tourists from all parts of the world. We notice a little further up, Piermont, on the west, the starting point of the Erie Railroad. About three miles beyond is Tappan village, with its spreading bay. Tappan is celebrated as being the head-quarters of Washington during the war of Independence, and also of being the place of Major Andre's execution, in 1780. Tarrytown, distant twenty-six miles from New York, is famed as the place of the capture of Andre, by 126 CIT-E OF NEW YORK. Paulding and his compatriots. The spot is indicated by a monument, erected about half a mile northward of the town. About two miles distant is '^Sleepj^ Hol- low," the scene of Ichabod Crane's adventure with the *' Galloping Hessian," so amusingly described by Irving, in his Legend of Sleepy Hollow. The scene is in ex- cellent keeping with the story — a death-like stillness reigns here, which is only disturbed by the low mur- muring of the mill-stream. Every person who wants a fitting book to amuse him on his trip up the Hudson, should make Irving^s Sketch Booh his companion du voyage. Sing-Sing^ 32 miles distant, is now in view, and from its elevated position presents an imposing aspect. Here is the State Prison, 444 feet in length, built of marble dug from the neighboring quarries. Opposite Sing- Sing, across Tappan Bay, which at this point is widest, is Yerdritege''s Hook., a bold headland, on the summit of which is a lake, the source of the Hackensack river. Croton Village is 3 miles ferther, with its river which supplies New York with its water. The Croton Aque- duct and Reservoir are objects of great interest. Tiiese splendid works cost about $14,000,000. The fountain reservoir is 40 miles from New York. The dam built at this place is 250 feet long, 70 wide at the base. On the western side is Haverstraio., and 3 miles above it Stony Point., the site of the historic fort of that name. Directly opposite is VerplanFs Point., also interesting for its historic associations. Peehskill is a romantic and picturesque place, and abounds with beautiful resi- dences. On the opposite shore is GaldwelVs Landing., which is at the base of the Dunderburg, or thunder- mountain. Passing on, we next see the small but pic- turesque Buttermilk Falls., about 200 feet in descent. West Point., distant 50 miles, is the next place of at- traction, and afft)rds, doubtless, the most magnificent series of beautiful scenery in America. It is surround- ed with the Highlands, and commands from its great elevation an extensive and ever-varying succession of THE HUDSON RIVER. 127 picturesque aspects. The Military Academy is one of the noble institutions of the Govermnent, and an object of great interest. The beautiful grounds attached are laid out with taste and elegance, and are much resorted to by visitors. The Hotel is an establishment of tlie first class, and excellent in all its appointments. Tiie view from the observatory of this hotel is very exten- sive and imposing. Near the steamboat landing is seen the rock from which the chain was stretched across the river during the Revolutionary war. Almost every spot of ground at West Point has historic interest. Fort Clinton stood where the Academy is now. Fort Putnam, and most others, are now in ruins. Passing through the magnificent mountain range we reach Gold Spring and Undercliff^ the residence of Gen. G. P. Morris. On the opposite side of the river, but invisible from the water, is Idlewild^ the residence of N. P. Willis. The next prominent village is FishMll^ 60 miles distant, and here the mountain scenery is in all its grandeur; but we soon pass to a difi'erent style of the ])icturesque. Newburg^ on the opposite shore, noted as the head-quarters of Washington, is a large town, built on a steep acclivity. The next place of note is Poughkeepsie^ also built on an eminence, and eminently picturesque. There are numerous minor vil- lages, along either shore, all the way on to Albany^ the capital of the State ; but as the pleasure tourist may not possibly wish to extend his trip to 150 miles, we shall here respectfully part company. 128 CITY OF NEW YORK. SLPPLEMENTAL HINTS. Persons who, for the first time, visit a great city like that we have ah-eady briefly described, doubtless fancy themselves in a very Babel of excitement and confu- sion ; and would gladly accept the services of some good cicerone, or guide, who could conduct them through its perplexing mazes, pointing out what there is to see, and how to see it. No city of the New World is so truly cosmopolitan in its character as New York ; consequently it presents an almost endless variety of objects of interest for the visitor. It is difficult to de- scribe its many-hued aspects, for it is, in fact, an epit- ome of the civilized world ; and the physical as well as the moral aspects of the city present a like compli- cated character. As the tour of the entire city would be a too ardu- ous performance for a pedestrian, we would advise the visitor to limit his perambulations to Broadway, from the Bowling Green to Union Square. Along this great promenade he will see enough to engage his attention for one day. Here are to be seen a long succession of splendid marble stores, churches, theatres, etc. Throughout the whole length of this great artery of the city, are to be seen the ebb and flow of a ceaseless tide of human beings, of every class and order; the belles and beaux of fashion, the busy devotees of toil, and the hapless ones who have not the will to work ; men who seek their illicit gains at the gaming-table, and who practise upon the unwary at mock auctions. Commencing, then, our journey up Broadway from the Bowling Green, the first noteworthy object we ob- serve is the hotel at the southwestern corner, formerly Kennedy House^ described in the chapter on Historical Localities, Passing several rows of stone buildings, including Adam's Express office, we reach Trinity fiUPPLKMENTAL HINTS. 129 Gliurch^ the metropolitnn church, which, being open to visitors, should certainly claim our attention. Not only should the interior be seen, but we ought to ascend the lofty steeple to view the magniticent pani)- rama it aifords of the city and its suburbs. We ought also to take a saunter among the venerable memorials of the sainted dead, not forgetting the recently erected Gothic monument to the memory of the martyrs of our Revolutionary struggle. Leaving Trinity Church and looking down Wall street, immediately opposite, we catch a partial glimpse of the United States Treasury on the north side; and further down on the oppo site side of tlie street, the Custom Jiouse^ a huge, colossal granite structure, where importers do chiefly congregate. On the corner of Wall street and Broad- way stands the elegant edifice of the Bank of the Re- public, and at the junction 44 Demilt Dispensary 42 Depots, Railroad 102 Dispensaries of New York 42 Distances in the City 122 Dry Dock, The .' 91 Education, Board of 56 Egyptian Museum 64 Environs of New York 120 Everett House 69 Excursions 118 Expresses 105 Ferries 104 Fifth Avenue, The 131 Hotel 70 Fort Greene 108 Forts and Fortifications 92 Free Academy, The 50 German Theatre 64 Geograpliical Society 55 Gramercy Park 29 Greenwood Cemetery 118 Hackney- Coaches 90 Hall of Records 38 Halls of Justice 88 Harlem Railroad ♦ 102 INDEX. 139 vAUm High Bridore yo Home for tlie Friendless 45 Hospital, New York 41 St. Luke's 42 Hotels of New York 46 94 House of Industry 45 and Selioorof Industry 45 How to leave New York 135 Hudson River Kailroad 102 Hudson River, The 123 Industry, House of 45 Insane, Asyliun for 40 Institution for Deaf and Dumb 44 Blind 44 International Hotel 66 Jews' Hospital 41 Lafarge House, The 69 Leake and Watts' Asylum 43 Libraries of New York 51 Literary and Scientific Institutions 48 Long Island College Hospital. '. Ill Lyceum of Natural History 52 Madison Square 29 Magdalen Asylum 43 Markets of New York 94 Marine Societies 47 Masons' Lodi^es ; 46 Medical College, The 43 School of the University 55 Merchants' Exchange 36 Mercantile Library Association 51 Metropolitan Police 133 Hotel 66 National Academv of Design 59 Navy Yard, Tlie.' 109 New Haven liailroad 102 Bible House 57 New York Clubs 81 Theatres, &c 63 Picture Galleries 58 Public Buildings 85 140 INDEX. PACK New York Parks 27 Historical Localities 5 Retrospect of 18 General View of 20 as it is '. 2S Orphan Asylum 4C Hospital 41 Dispensaries 42 Medical Colleges 43 Libraries 51 University and Colleges 55 Bilile House 57 Scientitic Institutions 49 Newspapers ' 60 Hotels 66 Restaurants, &c ~. . . 93 Banks 86 • Churches.... 71 Novelty Works, The 42 Odd Fellows'Hall 46 Olympic Theatre 63 Omnibuses and Cars 99 Orphan Asylum 40 Leake and Watts 43 Parks and nares 27 Packet Sid, uid Steamers 92 People's Ba -g Establishment 48 Picture Gallei es 68 Piers, The 106 Places of Amusement 62 Porterage Rates 90 Post Office, The 85, 86 Prescott House 68 Private Residences 80 Public and Ward Schools 56 Buildings 35 Works.: 89 Rail-cars and Omnibuses 99 Railroads 102 Randall's Island 89 Restaurants and Saloons 93 Sailors' Snug Harbor 47 INDEX. 141 PA6B Sailors' Benevolent Societies 47 Saloons. &c 93 St. Jolm's Park 28 St. Luke's Hospital 42 St. Nicliolas Hotel 67 St. Denis Hotel 69 Savinofs Banks 88 Scliools, Public 56 Scientific Institutions 49 Sectional Dock 91 Seminaries, Theological 58 Shipsj and Clippers 92 Society for Keiief of Widows 45 Societies, Benevolent 43 Stores, Notable 82 Statues, Public 84 S teamships • 95 Supplemental Hints 128 Teleorraph Stations 98 Theatres 63 Theological Institutions 68 Union Seminary 58 Episcopal Seminary 58 Times Office 60 Tompkins Square .T 29 Union Square ,• y-u 28 United States Assay Office 4,"[i 37 District Court ,;-. 85 University of New York 55 Medical School 43 Wallack's Theatre 63 Ward Schools 56 Ward's Island 39 Washington Square 28 / JAMES MILIEE, |ooli5eller, fublisljtr, anb Importer, 522 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, DPP081TH THE 6T. NI0HULA8 HOTEL, UaH for sale a very complete and extensive stock of liNGLlSH AND AMERICAN BOOKS. 'N THE VARIOUS DEPARTMENTS OF LITERATURE; INCLUDING STANDARD EDITIONS OF THE BEST AUTHORS IN HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, BELLES-LETTRES, ETC. FINELY BOUND IN MOROCCO, CALF, ETC., FOR DRAWINa-ROOM LIBRARIES; LIKEWISE ORNAMENTED AND RICHLY EMBELLISHED BOOKS OF PLATES FOE THE CENTRE-TABLE. *#* Particular attention given to orders from Public and Private Libraries, ENGLISH AND AMERICAN PERIODICALS supplied and served carefully and faithfully to Subscribera throughout the city, or sent by mail to the country. Orders from any part of the world, with a remittance or reference for payment in New York, will be promptly attended to. IMPORTATION OF ALL BOOKS & PERIODICAI^ for which he may receive orders, a small commission only being charged for the business. The same attention given to an order for a single copy as for a quantity, BOOK BINDING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES- MERCANTILE AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Booksellers and Publishers. D. APPLETON & CO., 443 Broadway. AMERICAN NEWS CO., 119 & 121 Nassau Street. BURNTON & COREY, 49 Sixth Avenue. BARNES & BURR, 51 John Street. A. BRENTANO, 708 Broadway. GEORGE W. CARLTON, 413 Broadway. " F. W. CHRISTERN, 763 Broadway. R. CARTER, BROTHERS, 530 Broadway. FOWLER & WELLS, 389 Broadway. HURD & HOUGHTON, 401 Broadway. HOWE & FERRY, 76 Bowery. C. L. JONES, 843 Broadway. KIRBY & CO., 643 Broadway. G. R. LOCKWOOD, 411 Broadway. JAIMESS MIILLER, Bookseller, Publisher, and Importer, (Successor to C. S. FkjiNCis & Co.) 522 BROADWAY. MILLER & MATHEW, 757 Broadway. A. D. F. RANDOLPH, 770 Broadway. SHELDON & CO., 498 Broadway. THOMSON BROTHERS, 1107 Broadway. FRANCIS PERLEY, 15 Third Avenue. MERCANTILE AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Bankers and Brokers. Eighth National Bank of the City of New York, 650 BKOADIVAY, United States Depository and Fiscal Agent. ALL GOVERNMENT SECURITIES BOUGHT AND SOLD. Accounts of Bankers, Merchants, and others solicited. CnA8. HiTDS ON, Casiiier. E. C. Robinson, President. Ocean National Bank of the City of New York, Capital $1,000,000, with privilege of increasing to $5,000,000. David R. Martin, President. Columbus S. Stevenson, Casiiier. John S. Hartshorne, Asst. Cash. <^or. Greenwich & Fulton Sts. Accounts of Bankers, Merchants, and others solicited. All kinds of GOVERNMENT SECURITIES on hand for immediate delivery. CALDWELL ASHWORTH, Wo. 8 WAT^t. STRKET. Government Bonds, Stocks, Gold, and Foreign Exchange Bought and Sold on Commission. Bills on the Union Bank of London, and Drafts on all parts of Canada, Canada Bank Bills, and all other Canadian Securities, Bought and Sold, Caldwell Ashworth, 8 Wall Street. ' WAR® & COMPAI^Y, No. 54 WALL STREET, Bankers, and United States 7.30 Loan Agents. A full supply of all denominations constantly on hand. STOCKS, BONDS, and GOLD Bought and Sold on Commission. Bills £1 and Upwards, On Union Bank of London, London, and Royal Bank of Ireland, Dublin, For Sale bt IVBIiLS, TAHaO <& CO., No. 84 BROADWAY. MERCAKTILE AND fitJSINESS DtRECTORY. 3 VERRIILYE & CO., BAIVKERS, No. 44 WALL STREET, Government Zioan Ag'ents, Keep on hand, for immediate delivery, the issues of 7.30 Treasury Notes of all denominations. We buy and sell all classes of Government Secu* rities at market rates. Also Quartermaster's Checks and Certificates of Indebtedness. Orders from Banks and Bankers executed on favorable terms, and with dispatch. We receive deposits, and allow interest on cufreut balances. VERMILYE & CO. Noah L. Wilson, President. D. W. Vattghan, Vice-President The Americon IVational Bank of i\ew York, No. SO BEOADWAY (four doors from Wall St.), Dealers in every description of Government Securities; and all sizes of Seven-Thirties constantly on hand for immediate delivery. This Bank allows to Banks and Bankers throughout the country- Four per Cent. Interest on current daily balance.s, and collects on the meet favorable terms. Alfrkd A. Post, Cashier. Government Agency and Designated Depository of the United States. Joseph TJ. Orvis, President. John T. Hill, Cashier. The Ninth .\ational Bank of the City of New York, 363 BROADWAY, Cash Capital $1,000,000. Accounts of Banks, Bankers, and Business Men solicited. Govern- ment Bonds for sale. Seven-Thirty United States Notes on hand for immediate delivery. U. 8. Certificates of Indebtedness bought and sold. OEO. R. CHOLWELL, Manufacturer and Importer of Portable Writing Desks, Work Boxes and Dressing Cases, Photograph Albums, Cabas, Reticules and Work Cases, Pocket Books, Port-Monnaies, Shaving and Dressing Cases, Portfolios, Checker and Chess Boards, Spectacle Cases ; French, English, German, and China Fancy Goods, &c., &c. 26 MAIDEN LANE, cor. NASSAU STREET. 4 MERCANTILE AND BUSINESS DIRECTORT. DRAKE BROTHERS, 23 WILLIAM STREET, - Successors of James M. Drake & Co., BANKERS, STOCK, BOND, AND GOLD BROKERS, Buy and Sell (exclusively on commission) Government, State, Ra1I» road Bank, Insurance, and all other marketHble SECURITIES. N. B. — Interest allovved on deposits. Money can be checked for at pleasure. Interest, Dividends, Coupons, &c., collected. California State and San Francisco City Interest Coupons, purchased at the best rates, by DUNCAN, SHERMAN & CO., BANKERS, Cor. P INE & NASSAU STREETS, New Tork. THOMSON & WILLS, STOCK BROKERS, Ofllce, 25 WALL STREET, opposite IT. S. Treasury. EuoKNK Thomson. Andrew J. Wilia. SCHAFER BROTHERS, No. 6 BROAD STREET, GOVERNMENT AGENTS For the 7.30 Loan. P. IV. OALIiAUOET, NOTE BROKER, No. 1 WALL STREET, corner Broadway, Buys and Sells COMMERCIAL PAPER on Commission at lowwt- rates. Loans obtained on good securities. Government Claims negotiated. Boot and Shoe and Paxbbcr BUSINESS PAPER WANTED. P. W. OAL.LAUDET. MERCANTILE AND BUSINESS DrRECTORT. 5 United States Trust Company of New York, 48 Wall Street, cor. William. Capital, $1,000,000. This Company is a legal depository for moneys paid into Court, and is authorized to act as guardian or receiver of es>tates. Interest allowed on Dkposits — For a period of one year or longer, 5 per cent. ; payable at five days' notice, 4 percent. Deposits may be made or withdrawn at any lime, and will be en- titled to interest for the whole time they may remain with the Company. Executors. Administrators, or Trustees of Estates, smd Females unac- customed to the transaction of business, as well »s lieligions and Benev- olent Institutions, will find this Company a convenient depository for money. John A. Stbwart, President. William Darrow, Secretary. SMITH, PttARTIlV & CO., BANKERS & BROKERS, No. 11 Broad Street, New York. All classes of Government Securities purchased and for sale. Stocks, Bonds, and Specie bought and sold on commission. Orders for Stocks of the Mining Companies of California filled by telegraph through our Brokers at San Frant-isco. Persons keeping their accounts with us as with city banks will be allowed interest at four per cent, per annum on their daily balances " JP I S JK ^ if^TC H^ BANKERS, No. 5 NASSAU STREET, Have all denominations of THE 7.30 NOTES constantly on hand (or Immediate Delivery. All classes of GOVERNMENT SECURITIES Bought and Sold at Market Rates. BEN HOLLADAY, No. 84 BROADWAT, Issues T^etters of Credit available at his Offices in Kansas, Nebraska, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, British Columbia, and San Francisco, And at all Mininisr Towns on his various Stasre Routes. Sight and Time Bills for .sale on Denver City. Salt Lake City, and the principal points in the Mining Regions of Idaho and Montana. Trans- fers of money made by telegraph at Denver and Salt Lake City, 6 MERCANTILE AND BUSINESS DmECTORY. Walter T, Hatch. Nath'l W. T. Hatch W. T. HATCH ec SON, Bankers and Brokers, Dealers in Government Securities, &c. Ail classes of Government Securities Bought and Sold at market rates. Orders in Gold, Railway Stocks and Bonds, promptly exeouied at the Stock and Gold Exchange. Deposits received on (iavorable terms. Refekkncks — W. S. Cbarnley, Esq.; EilwarJ Haij^lit, I'resileut Bunk of thu Com- nionwe.Jth ; Henry A. Smytiie, Fresi.K'Ut utml Niitioiwl Bink ; .lolin Sti;WMrd, Ksq.; .lohu J. I'lielps, Esq ; Messrs Spofford, Til.ston & Co , A. A. Luw & Bro , Geo Bliss & Co , Lfte, Bliss & Co.; Hon V\ m A. Bm'kiuH:liiim,. Governor of Conneotieut ; Mt^ssrs. H Trowbriilf,'e's Sons, New Hiiven, Ct ; K C. So.' :inton, I'res Secon I INjitioniil Biink, New H .ven, Ct ; H. M Welch, President First Nutiou.il Bank, New Haven, Ct ; J. A. Bisliop, Pr siilent Yitle National Bank, New Haven, Ct T. L. TAYLOR & KEED, Bankers and Government Loan Agents, No. 6 WAXjI. £STni3IiT, Buy and Sell GOVERNMENT SECURITIES and SPECIE at the best rates at the Counter. Four per cent, allowed on all Deposits, subject to check at sight. RAILWAY (STOCKS, BONDS, and oiher SECURITIES'' Bought and Sold at Brokers' Boare rate of Four per cent on all amounts of $l()i|ii an I upward ; but no interest shall be .allowed on l^eposit paid within fi teen days Iroin tV.xti of issue. GliO F BAKI'R, Cashier SAML. C. TIIQVIPSON, President. LA WHENCE, BALDWIN Sl CO., BANKERS & BROKERS, 70 WAZ.X. STR333E:T, N. "ST., DEALERS IN ALL KINDS OF GOVERNMENT SECURITIES. Orders in STOCKS, BONDS. GOLD, etc.. promptly executed at the regular Stock. Petroleum, and Mining Boards and Gold Room by tneui< bers of the firm. Dk, Witt C. Lawkenck. Gtkus J. Lawkenck. Simeon Baldwin, Jk. Wm. A. Halstkd. ■ MERCANTlXE AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. 7 NATIOML BAMi OF THE Ri:PUBLI(\ Wall Street, cor. Broadway. Capital $2,im)(I.O00. E. H. LowKY, President. H. W. Ford, Cashier. i\ATIO\AL BROADWAY BAXK, 237 Broad-way. Capital $1,000,000. F. A. Palmek, President. John L. Eyk kitt, Cashier. METBOPOLITAX I\ATIOi\AL BAMi, ' 108 Broadway. Capital $4,000,000. John E. Williams, President. Georgk J Sknkt, Cashier IMPOlMi.RS' A.\!> IRADEKS' BA\K, 247 Broadway. Capital $1,500,000. James Ritell. President. Cykus A, Smith, Cashier. MANHATTAN BANK, 40 Wall street, Capital $2,500,000. J. M. MoKRisoN. President. J. S. Hakberger, Cashier. MECHANICS' BANK, 33 Wall Street, Capital $2,000,000. Shepherd Knapp, President. W. H Cox, Cashier. ~ ^"merchants' BANK, 42 Wall Street, Capital $2,900,000. A.TTSTrsTus E. SiLLiMAN, President. Jacob D. VERiViiLYE, Cashier. ' NASSAU BANK, Nassau Street, cor. Beekman. Capital $ 1 .OOd.OOO. H. Blydknbukgu, Pre.sident. F. M. Harris, Cashier, ' PHCENIX BANK, 45 Wall Street. Capital $1,800,000. P. ^L Brtso^, President. J. Parker, Cashier. Manufactiirers' 8l Merchants' Bank, 561 Broadway. Capital $500,000. Abeam Ives, President. A. Mastebson, Cashier MERCANTILE AND BUSINESS DIRECTORT. Ac^csdeiat InsuraBice. NEW YORK ACCIDENTAL INS. Co., 141 Broadway. In- surance against accidents of all kinds, while traveling or otherwise. Wm. A. Bayley, Pres. Edward Greene, Sec'y. TRAVELER'S INS. CO. OF HARTFORD, CONN. In- surance against accidents of every description. N. Y. Office, IGO Fulton, corner Broadway. Edgar Formau, Agent. Fire Bnsuraiice. ADRIATIC FIRE INS. CO., 139 Broadway. Wm. A. Seaver, Pres. F W. Lewis, Sec'y. ^TNA INSURANCE CO. OF HARTFORD. Capital .$2,350,000. Jas. A. Alexander, Agent, 62 WaU. ALBANY (TTY INS. CO.— NORWL H INS. CO.— HAMPDEN INS. CO., and HOPE INS. CO. C. L. Skeels, Agent, 139 Broadway. AMERICAN FIRE INS. CO., 48 Wall. Cash Capital, $200,000. Surplus, July 1st, 1865, $305,000. Total Assets, $505,000. Jas. M. Halsted, Pres. Fred'k W. Downes, Secy. Thos. L. Thornell, Ass't Sec'y. ASTOR FIRE INS. CO., 16 Wall, Robert D. Hart, Pres. James H. Rielly, Sec'y. BALTIC FIRE INSURANCE CO., 6.0 Broadway & 54 Wall. Wm. S. Corwin, Pres. Wm. H. Kipp, Sec'y. BEEKMAN FIRE INS. CO., 10 Wall. Benj. W. Ben- son, Pres. Elisha H. Cheshire, Sec'y- BREVOORT INSURANCE CO., 70 Wall. James C. Harriott, Pres. John S. Haviland, Sec'y. CITY FIRE INSURANCE CO., 58 Wall. Richard A. Reading, Pres. Samuel Townsend. Sec'y. COMMERCE INSURANCE CO. OF ALBANY. Capital $400,000. James A. Alexander, Agent, 62 Wall St. COMMONWEALTH FIRE INS. CO., 151 Broadway. Joseph Hoxie, Pres. George T. Haws, Sec'y. CONTINENTAL INS. CO., 102 Broadway. Geo. T. Hope, Pres. H. H. Lamport, Sec'y. Cyrus Peck, Ass't Sec'y. CROTON FIRE INS. CO., 180 Broadway. Andrew Wes- son, Pres. John M. Tomkins, Sec'y. MERCANTILE AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. . EAGLE FIRE INSURANCE CO., 71 Wall. Sanford Cobb, Pres. A. J. Clinton, Sec'y EXCELSIOR FIRE INS. CO., 130 Broadway. Marcus F. Hodges, Pres. Samuel M. Craft, Sec'y. EXCHANGE FIRE INS. CO., 170 Broadway. James Van Norden, Pres. Richard C. Combes, Sec'v. FRANKLIN FIRE INS. CO. OF PHILADELPHIA, 27 Wall. Cash invested assets, $2,501,000. James A. Bancker, Pres. GERMANIA FIRE INS. CO., 4 Wall. Maurice Hilger, Pres. Andrew Garrique, V. Pres. John Edw. Kahl, Sec'y. GLOBE FIRE INS. CO., Corner Greenwich & Fulton. L. Kerby, Pres. A. A. Reeves, Sec'y. HAMILTON FIRE INS. CO., 11 WaU. J. C. Winans, Pres. James Gilmore, Sec'y. HOFFMAN FIRE INS. CO., 161 Broadway. William B. Dixon, Pres. Joseph W. Wildey, Sec'y. HOME INS. CO., 135 Broadway. Charles F. Martin, Pres. A. F. WILLMARTH, Vice Pres. John McGee, Sec'y. HOWARD INSURANCE CO., 66 Wall, Chartered in 1825. Samuel T. Skidmore, Pres. Henry A. Oakley, Sec'y. HUMBOLDT FIRE INS. CO., 140 Broadway. Wm. Mulligan, Pres. Alex. Wiley, Jr., Sec'y. IRVING FIKE INS. CO., 9 Wall. Mason Thomson, Pres. Martin L. Crowell, Sec'y. INDEMNITY FIRE INS. CO., 207 Broadway. John Hone, Pres. Emmons Clark, Sec'y. INTERNATIONAL INS. CO., 113 Broadway. Charles Tavlor, Pres. C. C. Hine, Sec'y. LAMAR FIRE INS. CO., 50 Wall. Cash Capital, $300,000. Assets, 1st July, 1865, $403,327.72. Ed- ward Anthony, Pres. Isaac R. St. John, Sec'y. LORILLARD FIRE INS. CO., 104 Broadway. Carlisle Norwood, Pres. Zophar Mills, V. Pres. John C. Mills, Sec'y. MARKET FIRE INS. CO., 37 Wall. Total Assets, $418,646.21 Asher Taylor, Pres. H. P. Freeman, Sec'y. MECHANICS' FIRE INS. CO., 31 Wall & 1 Montague, MERCANTILE AND BUSINESS DIRECTOIl'k. Brooklyn. Daniel Chauncey, Pres. Walter Nichols, Sec'y. Meritt Tuttle, Ass't Sec'y. METROPOLITAN INS. CO, 108 BroadAvay. Jas. Lori- mer Graham, Pres. R. M. C. Graham, V. Pres. E. A. Stansbury, 2d V. Pres. John C. Goodridge, Sec'y. NEW AMSTERDAM FIRE INS. CO., 20 Wall. Daniel S. Manners, Pres. W. H. Dusenberry, Sec'y. NEW ENGLAND FIRE INS. CO., of Hartford, Conn. Branch office 106 Broadway (2d Story). J. Conkey, Agent. NEW WORLD FIRE INS. CO., 151 Broadway. George Forrester, Pres. Samuel A. Patterson, Sec'y. NEW YORK EQUITABLE INSURANCE CO., 58 Wall. Richard J. Thorn, Pres. John Miller, Sec'y. NEW YORK FIRE INSURANCE CO., 72 Wall. D. Underbill, Pr^s. A. Colson, Jr., Sec'y. NIAGARA FIRE INS. CO., 12 WaU. Jonathan D. Steele, Pres. P. Notman, Sec'y. NORTH AMERICAN FIRE INS. CO., 114 Broadway & 10 Cooper Inst., 3d Ave. James W. Otis, Pres. R. NORTH AMERICAN' FIRE INSURANCE CO. OF HARTFORD. Capital, $300,000. Jas. A. Alexander, Agent, 62 Wall. NORTH WESTERN INSURANCE CO., 60 WaU. Wm. Le Count, Agent. PACIFIC FIRE INS. CO., 470 Broadway & 72 Wall. Amos T. Hatfield, Pres. Thos. F. Jeremiah, Sec'y. PHENIX FIRE INS. CO., 139 Broadway. Stephen Crowell, Pres. E. W. Crowell, Vice Pres. Philander Shaw, Sec'y. RELIEF FIRE INS. CO., 8 Wall. James H. Pinkney, Pres. W. E. Crary, Sec'y. RESOLUTE FIRE INS. CO., 3 Nassau. J. E. Ulhorn, Pres. Wm. M. Randell, Sec'y. RUTGERS FIRE INS. CO., 180 Chatham Square. Branch offices, 67 Wall & 561 Sixth Ave. Isaac O. Barker, Pres. E. B. Fellows, Sec'y. STANDARD FIRE INS. CO., 11 Wall. William Cripps, Pres. Wm. M. St. John, Sec'y. STAR FIRE INS. CO., 187 Greenwich, corner Dey, N. R., MERCANTILE AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. Bank Building. George W. Savage, Pres. Nicholas C. Miller, Secy. STU YVES ANT INSURxYNCE CO., 122 Bowery & G9 Wall. Samuel P. Patterson, Pres. A. P. M. Roome, THE iETNA FIRE INS. CO. OF NEW YORK, 170 Broadway. Jacob Brower, Pres, H. C. Beacli, Sec'y. THE FIREMEN'S TRUST INS. CO., 52 Wall. George Hall, Pres. Wm. Burrell, Sec'y. THE FIREMEN'S INSURANCE CO., 153 Broadway. J. V. Harriott, Pres. Abner Hayward, Sec'y. THE GEBHARD FIRE INS. CO., 141 Broadway. W. D. Waddington, Pres, John R. Smith, Sec'y. THE MERCANTILE MUTUAL INSURANCE CO., 35 Wall. Ellwood Walter, Pres, C. J. Despard, Sec'y. THE WASHINGTON INS. CO., 172 Broadway. Geo. C. Satterlee, Prus. Wm. K. Lothrop, Sec'y. WILLIAMSBURG CITY FIRE INS. CO., 165 Broad- way. Richard Ten Eyck, Pres. H. Giroux, Sec'y. YONKERS & NEW YORK FIRE INS. CO., 101 Broad- way. Richard L. Franklin, Pres. John W. Murray, Sec'y. liire Insurance. BROOKLYN LIFE INS. CO., Brooklyn, N. Y., and 141 Broadway. C. W. Bouck, Pres. R. H. Harding, Sec'y. CONNECTICUT MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO., Jas. Good- win, Pres. Gay R. Phelps, Sec'y. W. S. Dunham, Agent, 104 Broadway. EQUITABLE LIFE ASSURANCE OF THE UNITED STATES, 92 BroadAvay. Wm. C. Alexander, Pres H. B. Hyde, V. Pres. G. W. Phillips, Actuary. GERMANIA LIFE INS, CO., 90 Broadway. Hugo Wesendouch, Pres. Fred'k Schwendler, Act'g Sec'y. GLOBE MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO., Pliny Freeman, Pres. B. G. Bloss, V. Pres. H. C. FREEMAN, Sec'y. Broadway, corner of Fulton. HO^IE LIFE INS. CO., 171 Broadway. Walter S. Grif fith, Pres. G. C. Ripley, Sec'y. KNICKERBOCKER LIFE INS. CO., 161 Broadway Erastus Lyman, Pres. Geo. F. Sniffen, Sec'y. 12 MERCANTILE AND BUSINESS DIRECTORY. MUTUAL BENEFIT INS. CO., 137 Broadway. Jos. I & J. P. Lord and Samuel H. Lloyd, Agents. NEW YORK LIFE INS. CO., 112 & 114 Broadway Morris Franklin, Pres. Isaac C. Kendall, V, Pre. Wm. H. Beers, Sec'y- PH(ENIX MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO., 151 Broadway Present Assets, $750,000. Jolm E. Dewitt, General Agent. THE MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO., 144 & 146 Broadway. Fred'k S. Winston, Pres. Isaac Abbatt & Theo. W. AXorris SGcrGtRriGs UNION MUTUAL LIFE INS. CO., 151 Broadway. Pres- ent Assets, $1,094,609.43. Losses paid to date, $844,142.00. Dividends paid to date, $373,968.00. J. W. & H. Judd, General Agents. WASHINGTON LIFE INS. CO., 98 Broadway. Cyrua Curtiss, Pres. Cleayton Newbold, V. Pres. Wm. A. Brewer, Jr., Sec'y. Bookbinders, &c. KUNDAHL & SHEIFELE, 416 Broome Street. Card Eiig^ravers. F. F. HEWITT. (Up Stairs, near Duane Street), 301 Broadway. Dinner, Tea Sets, &c, DAVIS COLLAMORE & CO., 479 Broadway. Fine Groceries, &c. ACKER, MERRALL & CO., 132 Chambers Street. Hatters. WM. L. BURKE, 469 Broadway. KNOX'S GREAT HAT AND CAP ESTABLISHMENT, 533 Broadway. HUNT & DUSENBURY, successors to Leary & Co. Hat. ters. Importers & Dealers. 3, 4, & 5 Astor House, N. Y. JIERCAjrriLE AND BUSINESS DmECTORT. 13 Hotels. ASTOE HOUSE, Broadway, opposite City Hall. ALBEMARLE HOTEL, cor. Broadway & 24tli Street AMERICAN HOTEL, 757 Broadway. BELVEDERE HOTEL, 149 Fourth Avenue. BREVOORT HOUSE, 5th Avenue & 8th Street. BRANDRETH HOUSE, cor Canal & Broadway. COMPTON HOUSE, cor. 24th Street & 3d Avenue. CLARENDON HOTEL, cor. 4th Ave. & 18th Street. EVERETT HOUSE, North side Union Square. EARLE'S HOTEL, Canal cor. Centre. FIFTH AVENUE HOTEL, Fifth Ave. & 23d Street. FRANKFORT HOUSE, cor. Frankfort & William Sts. GRAMERCY PARK HOUSE, Gramercy Park, cor. E 20th. HOFFMAN HOUSE, 1111 Broadway. HOTEL DU NORD, 37 & 39 Bowery. HOWARD HOTEL, 176 Broadway. INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, 367 Broadway. LAFAROE HOUSE, Broadway, opposite Bond Street. METROPOLITAN HOTEL, Broadway, cor. Prince Street. NEW YORK HOTEL, Broadway, cor. Washington PI. PRESCOTT HOUSE, Broadway, cor. Spring Street. REVERE HOUSE, 606 Broadway. STEVENS HOUSE, 25 Broadway. ST. DENIS HOTEL, Broadway, cor. 11th Street. ST. GERMAIN HOTEL, Broadway cor. 22d Street. ST. MARKS PLACE HOTEL, 3d Ave. cor. St. Marks PI. ST. NICHOLAS HOTEL, Broadway, cor. Spring. ST. JAMES HOTEL, 1135 Broadway. ST. JULIAN HOTEL, 6 Washington Place. TAMMANY HOTEL, cor. of Nassau & Frankfort Streets. TREMONT HOUSE, 663 Broadway. Homeopathic Pharmacy. JOHN T. S. SMITH & SONS., 105 Fourth Ave. Importers. H. J. BANG, Importer of Rhine Wines, 231 Broadway. C. G. TILL, wdth Wm. Kyle, Jr. Tailors' Trimmings, Importers of Silks, 297 Broadway. 14 MERCANTILE AiTi) EtISlNESS DlEECt'OHY, Maitiifncturers. J. HAVENS' PATENT MUSQUITO SHIELD, 13 Vesey Street. INKMAKBR'S WRITING INK. Thomas W. Houchin & Co., 275 Pearl Street. LAUNDRY BLUEING & LINEN POLISH, Thomas W. Houchin & Co., 275 Pearl Street. GAS LIGHTING TORCHES, AND WAX GAS TA^ PERS. Thomas W. Houchin & Co., 275 Pearl Street. WAX NIGHT LIGHT AND GAS LIGHTERS. Thom^ as W. Houchin & Co., 275 Pearl Street. C. CAPEN, MANUFACTURER OP GOLDEN HILL SHIRTS, 265 Broadway. S. W. H. WARD, Perfect Fitting Shirts, 387 Broadway. CHASE & CO., New York Ornamental Iron Works, 524 Broadway. H. B. HAWLEY & CO., Clothing Establishment, 112 Fulton Street. R. C. BROWNING, Agent, Clothes Wringers, &c., 347 Broadway. GEORGE C. HUBBEL & CO., Golden Bitters, 55 Hudson Street. THOMAS A. WILMURT, Looking Glass & Picture Frames, 706 Broadway. A. VAN WINKLE, Paper, Twine, &c., 9 Spruce Street. ELLIOT ARMS CO., Elliot's New Repeaters, 494 B'way. PETER COOPER, Gelatine, 17 Burling Slip. MILLER & CO., Boots and Shoes, 387 Canal Street. Org^ans, Pianos, &c. WM. B. BRADBURY, 425 & 427 Broome Street. CHICKERING & SON, 625 Broadway DECKER BROTHERS, 91 Bleecker. WM. HALL & SON, 543 Broadway. IHNE & SON, 111 14th Street. LINDEMAN & SON, 2 Le Roy Place. MASON & HAMLIN, 596 Broadway. N. THURSTON, JR., 9 Le Roy Place. HORACE WATERS, 481 Broadway. MERCANTILE AND BIJSIKESS DIRECTORY. 15 Peumansliip. BRYANT, STRATTON & PACKARD, Penmanship, Bookkeeping, &c., 937 Broadway. THE STANDARD ELLSWORTH'S NEW SYSTEM OF • PENMANSHIP, 809 Broadway. PI]Otog:rapli§, &c. E. & H. T. ANTHONY, 501 Broadway. Railroads and Steamboats. ATLANTIC AND GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY. Office, L. S. Cliase. 23a Broadway. BALTIMORE & OHIO, & PHIL., WIL., & BALTIMORE RAILROADS, o&ce 229 Broadway. C. W. Perveil, General Agent. GREAT AMERICAN" ROUTE, via Lake Shore and Michigan Southern R. R. Line to the West. John F. Porter, Agent, 247 Broadway. GREAT CENTRAL ROUTE, via Niagara Falls. George E. Jarvis, Agent, 273 Broadway. GENERAL FRJEIGHT & PASSENGER AGENCY OF THE GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY, and Royal Mail Line Steamer to all points in the States and Canadas. Edw. P, Beach, General Agent, 279 Broad- way. NEW YORK CENTRAL R. R. C. B.Greenough, Pas- senger Agent, 239 Br&adway. PITTSBURGH, FORT WAYNE & CHICAGO RAIL- WAY, Allentown and Philadelphia Routes. F. Knowland, 271 Broadway. . Restaurants. TAYLOR'S SALOON, 365 Broadway. WELLER & HUDSON, 809 Broadway. SAVORY DINING ROOM, 145 Fulton Street. H. J. BANG, Importer of Rhine Wines, 231 Broadway. WM. TAYLOR'S FAJNIILY RESTAURANT, 555 B'way. 16 MERCANTILE AND BUSlNES DIRECTOHY. Ribbon Hand Stamps. HOLT'S PATENT RIBBON HAND STAMPS, 264 Broadway. Safes. MARVIN & CO. Marvin's Patent Safes and Door Locks. Marvin & Co., 265 Broadway. Sewing: and Knitting: Machines. DALTON KNITTING MACHINE, 535 Broadway. EMPIRE SHUTTLE MACHINE, 836 Broadway. GROVER & BAKER SEWING MACHINE, 425 B'way. WHEELER & WILSON SEWING MACHINE, 625 Broadway. Silversmiths. WM. GALE & SON. Manufacturers of Sterling Silver Ware, and dealers in Plated Ware, and Fine Table Cutlery, 487 Broadway. TIFFANY & CO., Jewelers & Silversmiths, 264 Broadway. A. RUMRILL & CO., 264 Broadway. JOHN A. REED, 573 Broadway. Steel Pens. JOSEPH GILLOTT'S STEEL PENS, OF THE OLD STANDAPwD QUALITY. Track Mark: *' Joseph rJillott, Warrnnted." Or Descrip« tive Name, .and Designatinu Ntunher. New Series, GOOD AND CHEAP, from No 700 to 761. Tradb Makk: "JOSEPH GILLOTT, BlPvMlNGHAM" With Designating Numbers. For Sale by JO.SEPH GII.I.OTT & SONS, 91 John Stbkkt, New York. Henry Owen, Sole Aoknt. Wig JTIakers. JOSEPH CRIST ADORO. Wigs and Hair Dye Manufac- turer. No. 6 Astor House. THE ORIGIIffAIi TRAVELERS' mSURMCE COMPANY, OF HARTFORD, CONN. Assets • • • ioo,ooo« INSURES AGAINST A G G I D Ellff T S OF EVERY DESCRIPTION, CAUSING LOSS OF LIFE OR BODILY INJURY. The Travelers' Insurance Company is the pioneer Acci- dent Insurance Company in this country ; has an ample cap- ital and large surplus, and a directory of the highest charac- ter. It issues policies on favorable terms, insuring in sums of $5000 to $10,000, with $3 to $50 weekly compensation, AGAINST ACCIDENTS OP EVERY KIND, whether they occur while traveling by cars, steamboats, or other public conveyance ; while engaged in the store, oflBce, workshop, factory, on the farm, or in any of the ordinary occupations of life ; whether riding, walking, hunting, boating, fishing, engineering, sur- veying, railroading, steamboating, or seated by the domestic fireside. No Medical Examiner is required. JAMES G. BATTERSON, RODNEY DENNIS, President. Secretary. Policies issued by Johnson & Fisher, 160 Fulton Street, New York, General Agents. HAMILTON FIRE IMllMNCE CO. OFFICE, NO. 11 WALL STREET, NEW YORK. Capital, - - - - $150,000. Total Assets, $201,675. ^NSUHE AT LOWEST RATES. LOSSES PROMPTLY PAID. JAMES GILMORE, Secretary. J. C. WINANS, Presideut, niRJECTOMS TIMOTHY H. BURGER, THOMAS MORTON, HENRY DAVID, CHAS. JENKINS. M. M. VAN BUREN, J. W. BROWN. EDWARD E. C0WLE8, ARCHIBALD PARK, EDWARD SCULLY, HARRISON P. LISCOMB, CHAS. C, WHITE. NATHAN WOIILEY, B. A. MAYEREAU, WM. MILES, DANIEL S. SCHANK, NELSON SAM MIS. JOS I AH M. WHITNEY, CLEMENT S. PARSONS, DAVID COLLAMORE. HAMILTON BLYDENBUEG, DANIEL D. WHITNEY, ABM. WAKEMAN, E. G. HATFIELD. CYRUS H. LOUTREL, ISRAEL C. LAWRENCE, B. McFEELEY, H. H SMITH. Jr., J WINDMULLER. THOS. FESSEKDEN, GEORGE TUGNOT, SAMUEL BLOCH. W. H. MONTANYEA, JOHN A. RaUSH, ADDINGTON REED, THOMAS WEBB, GEO. C. JEFFRIES, N. A. CHILDS, WM. VAN NAME, S. S. WYCKOFF, J. C. WINAN8. Book Tbade Sale Rooms, 498 Broadway, N. Y. Geo. a. Leavitt, Auctioneer. SEMI-ANNUAL BOOK TRADE SALES, APRIL AND SEPTEMBER. Tout attention is invited to the unusual facilities offered by the New York Trade Sale Rooms for the disposal of all kinds of Literary Property by Auction. COINS, MEDALS, ETC. PRIVATE LIBRARIES CATALOGUED AND SOLD. Also, Collections of Coins and Medals. Ev&ry attention given to the favorable disposal thereof, and prompt returns LEAYTTT, STREBEIGH & 00. 498 BROADWAY, NEW YORK, Nearly opposite the St. Nicholas JBoteL NEW YORK OMAMEiVTAL IRON WOKKS OF (successors to PHILIP TABB), OPPOSITE THE ST. NICHOLAS HOTEL. MANUFACTURERS OF mm FURIVITllRE, GARDEIV OMAMEIVTS, CEMETERY EMBELLISHMENTS, RAILIN'GS, ETC. Iron Bedsteads, Hat and Coat Stands, Wash-Stands, Saloon Tables, Store Stools, Umbrella Stands, Brackets, Children's Cribs, Cradles, Toilet Stands, Garden Vases, Fountains, Statuary, Chairs, Settees, Trellisses, Summer Houses, Wire Arbors, Flo"wer Stands, Ivy Trainers. IVY LEAF BORDERS FOR II\CLOSII\G SHMGLE GRAVES, "With NAME, TABLET, *c., &C. MAQNIFICENTLY ILLUSTRATED AND OTHER STANDARD ENGLISH BOOKS, PUBLISHED BY GEORGE ROUTLEDGE & SONS, LONDOiN AND NEW YORK. SHAKESPEARE'S DRAMATIC AND POETICAIi works. Edited by Howard Staunton, and illustrated by upwards of 800 beautiful Designs, by John Gilbert, 3 Vols., royal 8vo. Clolh, half calf ex- tra, full calf extra, and full morocco, pilt edges. SHAKESPEARE'S DRAMATIC AND POETICAIi works. Edited by Howard Staunton, a new edition, printed in a large and beautiful type, 4 Vols., demy 8vo. Cloth, half calf extra, and full calf extra. ROUTLiEDGE'S ILIiUSTRATED NATURAIi His- tory. Edited by the Rev. J. G. Wood, with upwards of 800 drawings, by Harrison Weir, and other most celebrated English Artists, 3 Vols, royal 8vo. Cloth, half calf extra, and full calf extra. BUIiWER'S NOVEIiS AlVD TALES, In 23 Vols. Crown 8vo., illustrated with Frontispieces, Ac, uniformly bound in cloth or half calf extra. ISAAC DISRAELI'S 1VORKS, 7 Vols., crown 8vo. Cloth or half calf extra. Comprising :— The Curiosities of Literature. 3 Vols. ; The Amenities of Literature, 2 Vols. ; The Quarrels and Calamities of Au- thors, 1 Vol. ; and The Literary Character of Men of Genius, 1 Vol. CAPTAIN MARRYAT'S NOVEL.S, in 13 Vols., F. cap 8vo., uniformly bound in green cloth, or bound in 7 Vols., half calf extra. MOXON'S OliD DRAMATISTS AND POETS, in 13 royal Svo. volumes, illustrated with portraits and vignettes : with introductions, lives, notes, etc. etc. By Thomas Campbell, William Gifford, Hahtlet Coleridge, Ret. Alexander Doyce, etc. etc. THE OLD DRAMATISTS, 9 Vols. Shakespeare, Beaumont and Fletchkb, 2 Vols., Ben Johnson, John Webster, Massinger and Ford, Christopher Marlowe, Wtcherley, Concrete, Van- Greene and Peele. BRUGH, AND FaRQUHAR, THE OLD POETS. 4 Vols. Spenser, Cdaucer, Dryden, Pope. KNIGHT'S PICTORIAL. SHAKESPEARE, illustrated by upwards of 1200 engravings, 8 Vols, royal Svo., is now being reissued by us in monthly numbers (to be completed in 32), 14 of which have already ap- peared. And it is intended that while, under careful re-editing by Mr. Knight, it has the advantage of much new light thrown upon the subject by able critics both in Europe and America, it shall, in point of mechanical ex- ecution, «fec., &c., be in no respect inferior to the original edition. THE BEST MONTHLY MAGAZINE FOR YOUNG PEOPLE is ROUTIiEDGE'S MAGAZINE FOR BOYS, published in London on the first of every month, and containing Tales tend Stories by H. G. Kingston, R. M. Ballantyne, Anne Bowman, Amelia B. Edwards, and others. Illustrated by numerous engravings. We will have pleasure in furnishing to Applicant* a copy of our Catalogae with prices, which on account of the present fluctuations in currency, are not quoted In the above advertisement. ZiOIfDOIT : Broadway, Ludoate Hill. NBW YORS: 129 Grand Stbkbt. WHOLESALE & RETAIL DEALER IN PAPERS & TWINES, OP ALL DESCRIPTIONS, RULED BILL-HEADS, &c. NO. 9 SPRUCE STREET, NEnr-iroRK. Paper in any quantity, from one qnire to 100 reams. NATIONAL SERIES OP STANDARD SCHOOL-BOOKS, PUBLISHED BY BARNES & BURR, 51 & 53 JOHN-ST. Alfred S. Barnes. Henry L. Burr. Reading Books and Spellers. Parker & "Watson's Series of Readers and Spell«ra Northend's Dictation Exercises. Smith's Juvenile Definer. Smith's Grammar School Speller. Geography and History. Monteith & McNally's Geographies, 4 Nos. Monteith's Youth's History of the United States. Willard's Series of School History, and Charts. Arithmetics, Algebra, and Geometry. Davies' Ne-sv Series of Arithmetics, 4 Nos. Davies' Elementary Algebra. Davies' University and Bourdon's Algebra. Davies' Elementary Geometiy. Davies' Analytical and Legendre's Geometry. English Grammar and Composition. Clark's First Lessons, and Practical Grammar. Welch's English Sentence. Boyd's Elements of English Composition. Philosophy, Botany, and Chemistry. Peck's Ganot's Popular Physics. Wood's Class-Book of Botany. Porter's Principles of Chemistry. Teachers, School Committees, and all interested in Edu- cation, ure invited to examine the above Works, and also other vohimes comprising tiie " National Serieis,"— Catalogues of which are sent to all parts of the United States, post-paid, on •pplication to the publishers, BARNES & BURR. ACKER MERRALL & CO. 132 Chambers Street, NEIV YORK, DEALERS IN WINES, LIQUORS, AND FINE GROCERIES, Offer for sale an extensive assortment of every thing in their line, comprising choice and rare brands of Foreign Wines and Liquors, Havana Segars, English, French and Italian Goods, to which they would call the attention of the trade, private families and hotels. Fartioular attention paid to putting up Cabin and Yacht Stores. Goshen Butter put up in every style of packagey for •hivnient to all parts of the vnyrld A. M. MERWm, Auctioneer, AUCTION SALES OF BOOKSELLERS' STOCK, Paintings, Engravings, Coins, Autographs, FANCY GOODS, Sec, &c., Are made by us regularly during the business season. Qui facilities, arrangements, and location are unsurpassed. BANOS, ]?1ER1¥I]V dc CO., 696 Broadway, Cor. of Fourth St. KUNDAHL & SCHEIFELE, BOOKBINDERS, 416 Broome Street, N. Y., Would respectfully inform Publishers, Booksellers, and the Trade generally, that they are now prepared to execute JOB BOOKBINDIMG, and also for the Binding of Editions of a B«ok in Half and Full Calf; or Turkey Morocco, gilt or plain, and in antique styles. Bich and plain HalfMndings for Magazines, Music, dc Booksellers find ethers who desire work done in any of the above styles of Binding, would find it to their interest to call upon us, examine our work, and obtain an estimate of prices, before having the work executed elsewhere. OK EAT MUSICAL ESTABLISHMENT, No. 481 Broadway, New York. PIANOS, MELODEOIVS, CABIAET ORGANS, SHEET inUSIC, infJSIC BOOKS, and all kinds of Musical Instruments and Musical Merchandise, •^t' the LOWEST RATKs, wholesale and retail. Seco/nd hand Pianos and Melodeons at great bargains. Prices, $60, $75 $100, $125, $150, $175, $200, and $225. New 7 octave Pianos for $-250 and upwards. Pianos and Melodeons to let, and rent allowed if purcliased. Monthly payments received for the same. The Horace Waters' Pianos and Melodeons are as fine and DDi4ABLE INSTRUMENTS A8 ABE MADE. WARRANTED FOR FIVB YEARS. Prices greatly reduced for cash. TESTIMONIALS. Horace Waters' Pianos are known as among the very best. J}f. Y. Evangelist. We can speak of the merits of the Horace Waters' Pianos from personal knowledge, as being of the very best qvuMty.— Christian Intelligencer. Waters' Pianos aijd Melodeons challenge comparison with the finest made anywhere in the country.— ITome Journal. Horace Waters' Piano Fortes are of full, rich, and even tone, and powerful.— New York Musical Review. Our friends will find at Mr. Waters' store the very best assortment of Musio and of Pianos to be found in the United States. — Giaham's Magazine. Sheet Miisic, a little soiled, at Ik cents per page. Sabbath School, and other Books, published by Eorac€ Waters Sabbath School Bell, No. 1, Sabbath School JBell, No. 2, Choral Harp, ' ^ The Diadem. BELLS, Nos. 1 and 2, in One Volume. DAT SCKOOZ. BE&Ii, for Public Schools and Seminaries. THE CHRISTIAN MEIiODIST, a new Revival Hymn and Tune Book. ItflANUFACTORY & WAREROOMS, 4S1 Broadway, New York. PARLOR ORaAN 'i:va3Fi[ ai:o£> Oiitablislied i§^l. WM. GALE, JR., WM. a ALE 8f SON, 572 & 574 BROADWAY, METROPOLITAN HOTEL, M ANUF ACTURER ' OF AMERIOJiN AND ENGLISH A Large Stock constantly on hand. Designs furnished for Presentation Pieces, &c., &c. "^ • ^-