:'?j!*£VS&SJ,\'K'itf mw ■■:' Class __ Book Copyright N?_ COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT CHART OF FAMOUS CHARACTERS, AND Salient Points of History. 2000 B.C. 1900 A. D. A USEFUL INDEX FOR REFERENCE, And A KEY TO|klISTORY. BY EDWARD G. HEWITT. Qtf.fc. 'f Copyright, 1902 & IP04, BY Edward G. Hewitt. GREAT EVENTS COME THROUGH GREAT CHARACTERS WHO HAVE FAITH TO START GREAT MOVEMENTS WITH LIGHT AND INTENSITY TO ACHIEVE SUCCESS. CONTENTS. PAGE 1 2-3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10-11 12-13 14-15 16 18 20 22 24 26 28&30 32&34 17 19 21 23 25 27 29&31 33&35 36 37-52 Preface. Summary of General History, dominant governments, etc,, with leading dates. Chronological Summary of the most flourishing and powerful countries, etc. Most noted Battles, Wars, etc., at one view. Most noted Structures, etc., at one view. Greatest Characters in History at one view. Chart of Famous Characters, Notes of Important Events, etc. 2000 B. C 1500 B. C. 1000 B. C 500 B. C. Christ 500 A. D. 1000 A. D. 1500 A. D. 2000 B. C. 1500 B. C 1000 B. C 500 B. C. Christ 500 A. D. 1000 A. D. 1500 A. D. 1500 B. C. 1000 B. C. 500 B. C Christ 500 A. D. 1000 A D. 1500 A. D. 1900 A. D. 1500 B. C. 1000 B. C. 500 B. C. Christ 500 A. D. 1000 A. D. 1500 A. D. 1900 A. D. Famous Characters. Alphabetically arranged. RULED PAGES FOR CHARTING MORE NAMES, SPECIAL CHARTS, NOTES, ETC. P R B K A V E . This work is planned to make history more easily comprehended and therefore more interesting. It will enable a person to readily ascertain when a famous character lived, when a noted battle was fought, or the date of some other important occurrence. Many events of secondary importance have been purposely omitted, thus leaving the main incidents of history free from what might confuse. The arrangement of the work is very simple and is designed to put one on the direct track to the information desired. Its value consists not only in showing at a glance the important events that occurred during the careers of great characters, but also the predecessors, contemporaries and successors of those characters, with their correlations. The notes are brief and suggestive — they will tend to stimulate the reader to further research. The substance of history for the 3900 years is given on the first double page, and its chronological order on the second double page. A study of these will show in what part of the world activities flourished at any era, and also indicate the country or power that was uppermost in the history of each epoch. The tops of the letters (on the 8 charts) comprising the name of a character are, as a rule, placed ou the year of birth. For example : Lincoln was born in 1809, and met a violent death in 1865. The names without life lines on page 32 are placed when each character was about 30 years of age. The material has been gathered from various histories and books of reference. "The Historical Reference Book," by Louis Heilprin (one of the works consulted) will be a handy volume for finding additional data. I am further indebted to friends for aid and suggestions. Some will expect more names of statesmen, while others would prefer more names of philosophers, scientists, writers, educators, musicians, etc. Space is left for inserting a moderate number of such names — the relation which they have to the famous characters or leading events will then become obvious. E. G. H. Brooklyn, N. Y. February, 1902 Condensed Summary of History. PRIOR TO THE DARK AGES. EARLY BABYLONIAN OR CHALDEAN EMPIRE TO - GREATEST POWER AND SPLENDOR OF NEW EMPIRE IN EGYPT PERIOD OF EXPANSION IN INDIA .... ASSYRIAN EMPIRE. (Brilliant epoch after 900 and especially after 745) PHOENICIANS' GREATEST PROSPERITY - - 1100-600 They were the greatest manufacturers, merchants, navigators and colonizers of antiquity. LATER BABYLONIAN EMPIRE (Babylon, Media, Lydia, Egypt) MEDO-PERSIAN EMPIRE .... GREECE. MOST FLOURISHING PERIOD MACEDONIA OR GRECIAN EMPIRE ALEXANDER'S SUCCESSORS RULED TO ROME MAKES FOREIGN CONQUESTS ROME DOMINANT ------ THE RUGGED BARBARIANS POUR INTO THE ROMAN DOMAINS WESTERN EMPIRE FALLS. Eastern Empire continues to B. C. 1300 1600-1300 1400-320 1100-607 m 607 538 - 538 - 330 500- •338 - _ 330 - 301 168 - B 255 — 133 168 C- - 250 A. D. - 375 - 568 1453 SINCE THE FALL OF ROME. DARK AGES, SAY SARACEN OR ARABIC ASCENDENCY. First Caliph 632. Conquests to Later conquests to - Bagdad taken and devastated by the Mongols - EMPIRE OF CHARLEMAGNE COVERED MOST OF WESTERN EUROPE MOORS IN SPAIN. Height of their civilization and power was in the 10th Century. HOLY ROMAN EMPIRE OF THE GERMAN NATION. OTHO EMPEROR Foremost power in Europe 11th Century. Power declined in 12th Century. End of the old German Empire - FEUDALISM. Most rapid development of, was in 9th Century. Universal system of government in Europe 12th Century. Replaced by strong national Monarchies 15th Century. CRUSADES OF CHRISTIANS AGAINST THE MOHAMMEDANS ITALIAN REPUBLICS rise to great wealth and glory in 12th Century. MONGOL INVASIONS AND EMPIRE UNDER GENGHIS KHAN AND SUCCESSORS A. D. 500- 1100 732 1 962 1258 800 962 1806 1096-1272 1206-1480 Condensed Summary op History SINCE THE FALL OF ROME. -continued. FRANCE began to be a great nation about France has become a great power in Europe France the greatest power in Europe .... French Revolution - Napoleonic Wars - ENGLAND. Rise of English manufactures and commerce Commerce, Colonies and Literature greatly flourish after HUNDRED YEARS' WAR BETWEEN ENGLAND AND FRANCE BLACK DEATH THROUGHOUT EUROPE- MANY MILLIONS PERISH HANSEATIC LEAGUE OF 90 GERMAN CITIES 1241. ZENITH MANY CONQUESTS TO A. D. 1250 1483 1649-1697 1789-1794 1796-1815 1331 1588 1338-1453 1348-1351 1382 TURKISH EMPIRE FOUNDED BY OTHMAN 1288. Zenith of Power Defeated PORTUGUESE MARITIME DISCOVERIES. Founded Colonies as far as India VENICE, at the height of its power in the 15th Century. Strong Monarchies founded in European countries in 15th Century. SPAIN. Conquest of Granada. Discovery of America by Columbus Greatest outward prosperity and foremost power Naval Power crushed by England RISE OF THE DUTCH REPUBLIC (The Dutch noted as bold navigators and skillful manufacturers.) Independence recognized by Spain - Naval and commercial supremacy. Supplanted by England in Thirty Years' Devastating Religious War in Europe SWEDEN. Possessions in Germany • ... Mistress of the Baltic Sea, close of the 17th Century. Campaigns of Charles XII. Height of Sweden's power, and its decline War of the Spanish Succession which resulted in England's advancement GREAT BRITAIN. Union of England and Scotland .... Supremacy obtained in part of India Leads in commerce .... 1453 1551 1571, 1664 and 1683 1410-1510 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Declaration of Independence by the Colonies Phenomenal progress after FIVE GREAT POWERS. Many Revolutions in Europe Austria, France, Great Britain, Prussia and Russia PRUSSIA. Poland compelled to acknowledge independence of Becomes one of the great powers Ascendency on the continent 1492 1512- 1588 1566-1581 1648 1782 1618-1648 1648 1700-1709 1701-1714 1707 1757 1800 1776 1885 1815- 1848-1849 1657 1 763-1786 1870 NEW GERMAN EMPIRE founded 1871 B.C. 20SQ- OLD EMPIRE OF EGYPT VERY PROSPEROUS BEFORE 2100 1900- 1800- 1700- VEDIC (VEDAS) PERIOD IN NDIA 9 99 1600- THEBE_S_ . GROWING IN POWER AMD EXTENT.. BABYLON A CENTRE "OFJNDUSTRY AND TRADE . 1500— B.C. EGYPT ,500- HAS THE LEADING 1400- PLACE AMONG 1300 NATIONS PffOfMCMS TRADE 1200 AND FOUA/D MANY EGYPT IN STAGE OF DE GAY 100 TYRE AT THE HEIGHT OF ITS POWER. JERUSALEM THE 1000 " 0LYC,rr B.C. EMPIRE OF DAVID AND 1000 OF SOLOMON. DAMASCUS THE LARGEST CITY OF SYRIA. 900- DAMASCUS AT ITS HEIGHT. Carthage Colonized by tlhe Tyrians BRILLIANT 800' PERIOD OF (NewAssyrian Empire.) THE 700- ASSYRIAN ineveti made\ Hie Capital of A J COLON/tS EMPIRE. GREAT PROS- B.C. MEDO- 500' SPARTA THE LEADING POWER OF GREECE. ATHENS PERSIAN the LEADING CARTHAGE THE POWER STRONGEST PERITY OF THE PHOENI- CIANS. Greatest Prosperity of Corinth. 600- LATER BABYLON BABYLONIAN atheight OF ITS MAGNIFICENCE EMPIRE 400- OFGREECE. SPARTA ALL OF NAVAL POWERFUL IN GREECE. POWERS. THEBES SUPREME EMPIRE. /N GREECE. MACEDONIAN OR GRECIAN EMPIRE. 300 SUCCESSORS OF ALEXANDER 200' RULED ROME MAK- ING ROME 100' CON- QUESTS ERA OF GREAT IS WEALTH, POVERTY AND INTERNAL STRIFE IN ROME. SUPREME. 500- AD. 100 ROMAN POWER AND GLORY AT ITS GREATEST 200 ROMAN POWER IS RAPIDLY DECLINING. 300' CONSTANTINOPLE THE SEAT OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE. BARBARIANS 400 POUR INTO THE ROMAN DOMAINS. 500 A.D. DARK AGES to 1100 500 CLOVIS FOUNDS A CAPITAL IN GAUL FOR THE FRANKS. 600 LOMBARDS POUR INTO ITALY AND ESTABLISH THE 700- KINGDOM OF SARACENS SPREAD THEIR RELIGION BY THE SWORD. CALIPHS LOMBARDY. BA f DAD AND CORDOVA 800— EMPIRE OF CHARLEMAGNE. ENGLAND united under K/NG EGBERT. Confusion on the Continent GROWTH 900 OF THE Feudalism Increasing. PAPAL POWER. DISCOVERIES. W^OUU/TofAl/SmA CREATED. VENICE HAS GROWN TO BE A POWER. FRANCE A STRONG POWER FRENCH MONARCHY BEGINS.] strong national monarchies IN EUROPE MOORS/NSPA/N M/GM//V CJV/UZAT/ON. 1000 Hungary Monarchy Founded A.D. 1000 Genoa becomes Powerful POLAND CONSOLIDATED. CANUTE RULED ENGLAND, Etc . GERMAN EMPIRE IS THE FOREMOST POWER IN EUROPE. Popery at height of its power. NORMAN CONQUEST OF ENGLAND. POPES COMPEL THE EMPERORS TO YIELD THEM OBEDIENCE. 100' ITALIAN REPUBLICS RISE TO GREAT WEALTH. > CO FEUDAL/SM UN/VERSAL IN EUROPE. 1200- EUROPE > COMPLETELY EMERGED^ FROM THE DARK AGES. TARTARS OR MONGOLS ARE FORMIDABLE GREAT wreffR/GNUM GENERAL -g Europe. INTELLECTUAL ;u IMPROVEMENT. o ESTABL/SMMENT en 1300 OF UN/VERS/T/ES. aj OTTOMAN EMPIRE FOUNDED 1239 m CO CO BLACK DEATH. COMMERCE and WEALTH INCREASE in ENGLAND. HANSEAT/C LEAGUE. 1400- PORTUGUESE MARITIME ITALIAN RENAISSANCE IN LETTERS 1500- SCIENCE, ARTS, ETC. RUSSIA FREED FROM THE MONGOLYOKE 1500 COLUMBUS DISCOVERS AMERICA. SPAIN THE GREATEST POWER IN EUROPE. REFORMATION BEGINS. POLAND ISA GREAT TURKISH EMPIRE AT ITS ZENITH. STATE. Manufacture and Commerce increase. (RISE OF THE 1600- DUTCHREPUBLIC ANDTHEIR SUBSEQUENT NAVAL SUPREMACY. ENGLAND FLOUR- ISHES. FRANCE THE GREATEST POWER PRUSSIA //V GROWING EUROPE. p w ER 700 SWEDEN THE FIRST POWER OF THE NORTH. HEIGHT OF SWEDEN'S POWER RtSEOF RUSSIA ENGLAND ADVANCES. AUSTRIA HAS INCREASED ITS TERRITORY. j AUSTRIA and PRUSS/A at WAR | for SUPREMACY. PRUSSIA BECOMES ONE OF THE GREAT POWERS . \ 1800- FRENCH REVOLUTION. GREAT BRITAIN LEADS IN COMMERCE. Great changes in European Ideas and Institutions. REVOLUTIONARY EPOCH., NEW GERMAN EM PL RE UNITED STATES PROSPEROUS. 1900^ 2000- 6 8 B.C. 2000- 1900- 1800- 1700- B.C. 1500- 1400- 1300- 1200 - TROY TAKEN AND DESTROYED BY THE GREEKS, B.C. 1000 MARATHON. WARS BETWEEN PERSIA GREEKS NAVAL ACTIVITY OF ATHENS. 900- PELOPONNESIAN WARS. SYRACUSE. 400— -CU N AX A . 800- SARGONTOOK KARKAMIS 700- SPARTA CONQUERED THE MESSENIANS. B.C. 500> CARTHAGE A NAVAL POWER ARBELA. 300- DEATH STRUGGLE BETWEEN ROME AND CARTHAGE. 200- METAURUS. — ZAMA- PYDNA. CARTHAGE DESTROYED. 1600- 1100- 600- NINEVEH TAKEN AND DESTROYED. JERUSALEM TAKEN AND DESTROYED BYNEBUCHADNEZZAR 100- CIVIL WAR. MARIUS-°SULLA JERUSALEM TAKEN BY DAVID. CYRUS SUBDUES THEMEOES BABYLON taken BY CYRUS. GAU/C WARS PHILIPPI. ACTIUM. 1500- 1000- 500- J 0' 9 AD. 0- TEUTOBURG. ROME CONQUERS BRITAIN. JERUSALEM, —dreadful DESTRUCTION BY TITUS. 100 200- ROMAN EMPIRE ATTACKED ON ALL SIDES. 300. CONSTANTINE CONQUERS ITALY. A.D. 500- VANDAL POWER IN AFRICA ESTABLISHED. 600 MOHAMMED SUBDUES ARABIA. HIS RELIGION SPREAD BY THE SWORD OVER ASIA AND 700 XEREZ T-TU4PC, NORTH AFRICA. (MOORS (CROSSED INTO SPAIN AD. 1000- HASTINGS. TURKS CROSSED INTO EUROPE 100' R VENICE MAKES WARS. u s CHIVALRY BECOMES A GREAT INSTITUTION. AD. 1500 WAR IN THE NETHERLANDS. LEPANTO. SIEGE OF LEYDEN. CIVIL-WARS IN FRANCE. ARMADA defeated: 1600 — LUTZEN. THIRTY YEARS' RELIGIOUS WAR NAVAL BATTLES BETWEEN ENG& HOL 1200- 800 CHARLEMAGNES CONQUESTS MAKE HIM EMPEROR of the WEST. THE HARDY BARBARIANS RUSH INTO THE 400 CRUMBLING ROMAN EMPIRE CHALONS. INVASION OF GAUL BY CLOVIS. 500 NORTHMEN (OR VIKINGS) MAKE VARIOUS INVASIONS MAGYARS INVADE HUNGAR Y 900 AND SETTLEMENTS 1000' MONGOL D VENICE INVASIONS u AT WAR UNDER WITH GENGHIS GENOA. KHAN . 1300- T SWISS WAR OF INDEPENDENCE BEGUN ENGLAND AND FRANCE 1400 AT WAR CRECY. MONGOL INVASION UNDER TAMERLANE. u R I S H C N _Q_ AGINCOURT. ORLEANS. U E S T POLAND WARS AGAINST THE TEUTONIC KNIGHTS. 5 Constantinople" taken by the turks. ALHAMA. 1500- 1700- GREAT NORTHERN BLENHEIM. TORGAU- 7 YEARS WAR . SARATOGA. VALMY. 1800- TRAFALGAR WATERLOO. SEBASTOPOL. GETTYSBURG. SEDAN. PLEVNA. 1900- WOO- LO GREATEST STRUCTURES, ETC. B.C. TEMPLE OF THE SUN AND OTHER MAGNIFICENT STRUCTURES AT BAALBEC, SYRIA. PALACE AND OTHER STRUCTURES AT NIPPUR, BABYLONIA. SPHINX AT GIZEH. PYRAMIDS AT GIZEH. LABYRINTH. OBELISK AT HELIOPOLIS. 2000 TEMPLES OF KARNAK AND OF LUXOR, (THEBES) EGYPT. COLOSSI AT THEBES. CLEOPATRA'S NEEDLES. TOMB OF SETI I. CANAL IN EGYPT. TEMPLE OF APOLLO AT DELPHI. B.C. SOLOMON'S TEMPLE. 1000- 900 NORTH-WEST PALACE AT NIMRUD IN ASSYRIA. 800 1000- 700 PALACES AT NINEVEH. TEMPLE OF PALLAS AT CORINTH BEGUN. CLOACA MAXIMA AT ROME. 600 WALLS, HANGING GARDENS, AND PALACES OF BABYLON. TEMPLE OF DIANA AT EPHESUS BEGUN. TEMPLE OF NEPTUNE AT P)ESTUM. TEMPLE OF ? AT /EGINA. B.C. 500 HALL OF XERXES, PALACES, ETC. AT PERSEPOLIS IN PERSIA. TEMPLE OF JUPITER AT OLYMPIA COMPLETED. TEMPLE OF THESEUS AT ATHENS. PARTHENON AND SCULPTURES AT ATHENS. STATUE OF OLYMPIAN JOVE BY PHIDIAS. TEMPLE OF ERECHTHEUS AT ATHENS. 400 300 200 500 TEMPLE OF JUPITER OLYMPIUS AT ATHENS, 6th TO 2nd CENT. B.C. MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS. MONUMENT OF LYSICRATES AT ATHENS. PHAROS AT ALEXANDRIA. COLOSSUS OF RHODES. ALEXANDRIAN LIBRARY. TEMPLE OF EDFU, EGYPT. GREAT WALL OF CHINA COMPLETED. ROMAN ROADS, AQUEDUCTS. B R I D<3 E S , BATHS AND OATAOOM BS BEGUN 312 B.O. I00 ROCK-HEWN TEMPLE IN INDIA. TEMPLE AT DENDERAH, EGYPT, BEGUN. REBUILDING OF TEMPLE AT JERUSALEM. PANTHEON AT ROME. GREATEST STRUCTURES, Etc. 11 A. D. PALACE OF THE C/ESARS AT ROME. ROMAN AQUEDUCTS. LAOCOON (SCULPTURE.) COLISEUM AT ROME. 100 BRIDGE AT ALCANTARA. TRAJAN'S BRIDGE OVER THE DANUBE TRAJAN'S COLUMN AT ROME. HADRIAN'S WALL IN BRITAIN. TEMPLE OF THE SUN AT BAALBEK REBUILT. 200 BATHS OF CARACALLA AT ROME. 300 BATHS of DIOCLETIAN. ARCHofCONSTANTINE. CHURCH OF ST.JOHNLATERAN BASILICA AT ROME. 400 RUINS OF STONEHENGE, ENGLAND. 500 A.D. 500 SANTA SOPHIA AT CONSTANTINOPLE. BASILICA AT RAVENNA. 600 EDINBURGH CASTLE. MOSQUE OF OMAR AT JERUSALEM. 700 MOSQUE AT CORDOVA. 800 IMPERIAL CANAL OF CHINA BEING BUILT. 900 FEUDAL CASTLES AND MONASTERIES ON THE CONTINENT. THEIR BUILDING CONTINUED FOR SOME CENTURIES. 1000 A.D. ROCK-CUT TEMPLES IN IND1A. ? 1000- ST. MARK'S CHURCH AT VENICE. B f? 7 UN BASILICA OF SAN MINIATO, FLORENCE. CATHEDRAL OF STRASBURG BEGUN. NAVE FINISHED 127S. TOWER FINISHED 1439. CATHEDRAL OF SPIRES. WESTMINSTER PALACE. (LONDON.) IMPROVED IN 13th CENTURY. TOWER OF LONDON COMMENCED. DURHAM CATHEDRAL BEGUN. MOO MANY CASTLES BUILT IN ENGLAND. YORK MINSTER BEING REBUILT. LEANING TOWER OF PISA. CATHEDRAL OF NOTRE DAME, PARIS. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE IN FRANCE. CANTERBURY CATHEDRAL REBUILT. MOSQUE AT OLD DELHI BEGUN. I200- LOUVRE, (PARIS) BEGUN. OLD LONDON BRIDGE COMPLETED. SALISBURY CATHEDRAL BEGUN. RHEIMS CATHEDRAL 1212-1430. AMIENS CATHEDRAL BEGUN 1220. LINCOLN CATHEDRAL REBUILT. COLOGNE CATHEDRAL 1248-1880. WESTMINSTER ABBEY REBUILT. ALHAMBRA (GRANADA, SPAIN) 1248-1314. HEIDELBERG CASTLE BEGUN. TEMPLE OF THE SUN AT CUZCO, PERU.? 1300 SANTA MARIA AT FLORENCE BEING BUILT. DOME COMPLETED 1446. GREAT BUDDHA TEMPLE IN JAVA. 7 NEW WINDSOR CASTLE. BRIDGE AT PRAGUE. DOGE'S PALACE (VENICE) BEGUN. WARWICK CASTLE. BASTILLE AT PARIS. BRIDGE OVER THE ADDA, ITALY. CATHEDRAL AT MILAN BEGUN. TEMPLE OF TANJORE. INDIA. 1400 WESTMINSTER HALL MUCH IMPROVED. PORCELAIN TOWER OF NANKIN. REBUILDING OF VATICAN BEGUN. PITTI PALACE (FLORENCE) BEING BUILT. GOTHIC ARCHITECTURE COMES TO AN [END. 1500- EXCELLENT ROADS FOUND IN PERU. A.D. 1500 ST. PETER'S AT ROME BEGUN. CATHEDRAL AT SEVILLE. SPAIN. CLASSIC REVIVAL OF ARCHITECTURE. CATHEDRAL OF ST. BASIL, MOSCOW. ESCURIAL PALACE NEAR MADRID. TUILERIES, (PARIS) BEING BUILT. RIALTO— MARBLE BRIDGE AT VENICE 1600- CATHEDRAL OF MEXICO BEING BUILT TAJ MAHAL-MAUSOLEUM IN INDIA. PALACE AT DELHI, INDIA. VERSAILLES PALACE, NEAR PARIS. MONUMENT OF LONDON. ST. PAUL'S AT LONDON BEGUN. 1700- BLENHEIM PALACE, ENGLAND. THIRD EDDYSTONE LIGHTHOUSE. OLD WESTMINSTER BRIDGE. PANTHEON AT PARIS. STONE BRIDGE OVER THE SEINE. DIKES IN HOLLAND GREATLY IMPROVED. CAPITOL AT WASHINGTON BEGUN. 1800 LONDON DOCKS. 1806 SIMPLON ROAD. 1825 MENAI SUSPENSION BRIDGE. 1831 NEW LONDON BRIDGE. *1840 HOUSES OF PARLIAMENT. 1842 CROTON AQUEDUCT. N. Y. 1850 BRITANNIA BRIDGE, MENAI ST. 1851 CRYSTAL PALACE, ENGLAND. 1852 HAARLEM MERE DRAINED. 1859 CABIN JOHN CREEK BRIDGE, U.S. 1860 VICTORIA BRIDGE AT MONTREAL. 1869 SUEZ CANAL. 1871 MOUNT CENIS TUNNEL. 1873 HOOSAC TUNNEL, MASS. 1874 OPERA HOUSE, PARIS. 1 879 ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL, N. Y. 1880 ST. GOTTHARD TUNNEL. 1883 BROOKLYN SUSPENSION BRIDGE. 1884 WASHINGTON MONUMENT. 1886 STATUE OF LIBERTY, NEW YORK. 1889 EIFFEL TOWER, PARIS. 1889 FORTH BRIDGE, SCOTLAND. *1893 SIMPLON TUNNEL. *1899 ASSUAN DAM IN EGYPT. Dates other than {') Indicate completion or opening. 12 13 14 B.C. B.C. B.C. B.C QAI AMrtU 2000- 1500- OULUHUN. tAC\CLCC__ XERXES. CAppAXCC; A Q D A U A M OVyu r\M ICO. ADirAHArt^ F 1 1 1 AH 1900 — 1400- C LI M F R 7FN0 1800- 1300- nUI'iL r\ . L- L. 11 \J ■ JACOB. ARCHIMEDES. ISAIAH. HANNIBAL. 1700- 1200- 70 n 1600- 1100- NEBUCHADNEZZAR ._ MITHRIDATES. SAUL. SOLON. C/F SAR DAVID PVR 1 I Q LT KUO. /OPTAVIUS\ TAD All I M \AUGUSTUS / 1 AKyU Irl. fQNFUC U1S _ 1500- 1000 500 o 15 AD. A.D. A.D. A.D. ^nn mnn 1500— MICHAEL AN6EL0- i 1 IT UCD PUIDICT LN KIo I . LU 1 HtK. ruADI CC W LHAKLto V. ST. PAUL. NERO. WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR. ELIZABETH. Hll HPRDANln rt->e /-/*.»« wti WILLIAM THE SILENT. n ILULDnrtlN U. GREGORY VII. GREGORY. RATOM TRAJAN. rr*r\ i inn DAI UN. '600— SHAKESPEARE- f A 1 II Cft MO HA MMPn Hv rlM l ¥ l 1*1 C !_/. tjALILtu. nlPUri 1 CI 1 KluntLltU. PDAMVA/CI 1 UKUnWtLL. CDCnCDirif o« riD a or\oc « M.AURELIUS. r Ktut KlUfS.BARBAROSSA. NEWTON. TOO 1200 — GENGHIS KHAN- 1700 PETER the great" SAINT BONIFACE. FRFrVFRICKTHP <-»pat CHARLEMAGNE. WASHINGTON. MAROIIN AI-RAQWin n A MTP 300 ST.ANTHONY. — CONSTANTINE. pnn , , UM IM 1 £ . rQ0 NAPOLEON. VICTORIA. GLADSTONE. LINCOLN. TAMERLANE. BISMARCK. -tjj CAnnc iiie ALFRE D. 1 ntuUUblUo. tnn ST. AUGUSTINE. nnn m no ATTILA. i fd l- LU OTHO. THEODORIC. CLOVIS. (~> f\l i iluin | |C 500 1000 CuLUmDUo. 1500 1 2000 16 B.C. 2000 ABRAHAM 1900 ISAAC JACOB 1800 JOSEPH 1700 QUEEN HATASU 2 1600 THOTHMES IK MOSES 1500 JOSHUA 17 1500 B.C. Sphinx. Great pyramid at Gizeh. 2400 Capital of the old Empire of Egypt changed from Memphis to Thebes. 2348 DELUGE. 2300 Labyrinth and important national works. Golden Age of Egyptian culture. 2247 Tower of Babel. Invaders from Asia take Memphis and settle in Lower Egypt. 2200-1700 Dominion of the Hyksos or Shepherds in Egypt. 2080 Hyksos conquer Lower Egypt 1898 Destruction of Sodom. 1729 Joseph sold to Potiphar. 1706 Jacob and family migrate to Egypt. Gigantic Temple at Karnac. 1500 Babylon, capital of a united Babylonia. B.C. MOSES 500 JOSHUA 18 EXODUS RAMESES n THE GREAT 400 RUTH 300 GIDEON 100 B ? ELI SAMSON SAUL 100 SAMUEL DAVID SOLOMON HIRAM 300 19 1500 - 1000 B. C. 1500-1300 Egypt. Foremost of the nations in arts and arms. 1500-1100 Sidon was the leading city of Phoenicia. Then Tyre was 1491 Exodus of the Hebrews from Egypt is placed by some, 171 years later. Dates of olden times are far from reliable. The Hebrews after wandering 40 years in the wilderness, conquer Canaan. 1450-1300 Greatest power of the Hittite realm in Syria. First Canal from the Red Sea to the Nile. 1400-1095 Era of the Judges in Canaan. Navigation and commerce in Egypt. 1194-1184 Trojan War. 1120 Chow Dynasty. 1100 Dorians migrated southward into the Peloponnesus. 1100 Cadiz founded by the Phoenicians. 1095 Kingdom established among the Jews, under Saul. 1055 Philistines overwhelm Sau) at Gilboa. 1048 Jerusalem taken by David. 1015 As a result of wars, David left, at his death, the largest kingdom in the Oriental world. 1006 Solomon's Temple at Jerusalem dedicated. 1000 Ionian migration to Asia Minor. Tyre at the height of its power. Damascus the largest city of Syria. 20 B.C. SOLOMON 000 JEROBOAM I SHESHONK ZOROASTER Z HOMER ? ELIJAH 900 SHALMANESER n AHAB ELISHA 800 JONAH 8 LYCURGUS A/YD SPARTA TIGLATH- PILESER ISAIAH SARGON 700 SENNA- CHERIB HOSEA MANASSEH SARDAN- APALUS CYAXARES 600 SOLON NEBUCHAD- NEZZAR THALES NECHO JEREMIAH PYTHAGORAS CYRUS 500 DANIEL CONFUCIUS DARIUS HYSTASPIS TARQUIN THE PROUD BUDDHA -CAMBYSES. BRUTUS CL1STHENES 21 1000 - 500 B. C. 975 Division of Solomon's Empire into the Kingdoms of Israel and Judah. 898 King of Syria makes war on the Jews. 850 (about) Foundation of the colony of Carthage. 776 Beginning of the Olympiads. 767 General plague. 753 Rome founded. 745 New Assyrian Empire founded. / Sparta conquered the Messenians. 645-628 | r 734 Corinth founds Syracuse. 721 Final captivity of the Ten Tribes of Israel by Sargon. 717 Sargon took Karkamis, the key of the trade of Western Asia. 695 Babylon destroyed by Sennacherib. 65 7 Byzantium founded. 650 All Egypt united under Psammetichus. The Assyrian Empire reached the limits of its supremacy under Sardanapalus. 640 Revolt of the Medes from the government of Assyria. 632 Great irruption of the Scythians into Media, Assyria, and Syria 607 (625) Nineveh taken and destioyed by the Medes and Babylonians. The Imperial and all powerful Assyrian nation now utterly destroyed. 605 Victory of Nebuchadnezzar over Necho. Egyptians compelled to retire from Asia. 586 Nebuchadnezzar captured and destroyed Jerusalem. Jews led away to Babylon into captivity. Babylon, the magnificent city, now at its height of glory. 560 Lydia attains the height of her power under King Crcesus. 558 Cyrus subdued the Medes and founds the Persian Empire. 552 Temple of Diana at Ephesus. 538 Babylon taken by Cyrus, amid revelries. 536 Part of the Jews returned from captivity to Jerusalem. More Jews return under Ezra (478). 525 Cambyses conquered Egypt. Egypt a Persian province. 513 Disastrous expedition of Darius with 700,000 men against the Scythians. 22 B.C. 500 400 ARISTIDES THEMI5TOCLES XERXES PERICLES SOCRATES HIPPOCRATES PLATO VnUv PHIDIAS SOPHOCLES DEMOSTHENES THE GENERAL XENOPHON HERODOTUS D 360 PHILIPOFMACEDON D.348 ALEXANDER DEMOSTHENES THE ORATOR ZENO SELEUCUS iTOTLE PTOLEMY SOTER 300 ONIAS EPICURUS PYRRHUS EUCLID N^-J^V' SIMON ARCHIMEDES MANETHO TSIN DYNASTY HANNIBAL 200 SCIPIO AFRICANUS NERO THE GENERAL HERO ANTIOCHUS THE GREAT CATO HAN DYNASTY GRACCHI BROTHERS MACCABEES MARIUS JUGURTHA 100 MITHRIDATES Tt+C GREAT SULLA C/CSAR OCTAVIUS POMPEY HEROD ^l/**' ANTONY vAUv CICERO CLEOPA sws/ W^v LUCRETIUS VIRGIL HORACE 23 500 - B. C. Temple of Jupiter in course of construction. 500-449 Persian Wars with the Greeks. 490 Marathon. Athenians repulsed the invasion of the Persians. 480 Thermopyl.35. Defense by Leonidas. 480 Salamis. Greek naval victory over Xerxes. 479 PlaT^a and Mycale. Greeks defeat Persians. Golden Age of Greek Art commences. 457 Athens shows great naval activity. 438 Parthenon at Athens. 431-404 Peloponnesian Wars. Sparta gains supremacy over Athens. 430 Pestilence at Athens. 413 Syracuse. Athenian fleet defeated. 409-275 Repeated wars between the Carthaginians and Greeks in Sicily. 400 Retreat of the 10,000 Greeks after battle of Cuuaxa. 390 Alua. Utter defeat and rout of the Romans by the Gauls under Brennus. 367 Rome. Licinian Laws. 362 ManTinea. Spartans and allies defeated. 360 Carthagenian settlements in Spain. Carthage. The strongest of naval powers. 338 Ch^ronea. Victory of Philip of Macedon over the Thebans and Athenians. 334 Granicos. Alexander the Great defeated the Persians. 333 Issus. Alexander gained a brilliant victory over the Persians. 332 Egypt conquered by the Greeks. Alexandria founded. 331 Arb'ela. Alexander crushed the Persian army, and became supreme. 326 Battle of Hydaspes. Alexander defeated Porus. 301 IPSUS. Overthrow of Antigonus. Empire divided. 280 Colossus of Rhodes completed. 280-276 Roman Wars with Pyrrhus. 266 Rome mistress of all Italy. 264-146 Punic Wars. First, Second, and Third. 216 Cannae. Hannibal crushes the Roman legions. 215-146 Wars between Rome and Macedonia. 214 Great Wall of China completed. 212 Syracuse taken by the Romans. 207 MeTaurds Romans shattered Hannibal's allies. 207 Scipio Africanus expeis the Carthagenians from Spain. 202 Zama. Decisive Roman victory over Hannibal, by (Africanus Major) Scipio. 197 Cynoscephai.^. Romans destroy Macedonia's army and power. 190 Magnesia. Romans destroy the army of Antiochus, the Great King of Syria. 168 Pydna. Roman Legions give the death blow to Macedonia. J- Captured and destroyed by the Romans. 149-140 Roman War with the Lusitanians. 146 Carthage 146 Corinth 143-133 Numantine War. 133-27 Period of Roman internal strife. Great Wealth, Money Aristocracy, Moral Decay. Poor classes increasing and too dependent. 113-101 War with the Cimbri and Teutones. 111-105 War against Jugurtha. 88-82 First and Second Mitbridalic War. 74-65 Third Mithridatic War. 58-51 Cesar's Gallic Wars. 48 Pharsaua. Victory of Csesar ove» Pompey. 48 Library (half million volumes) at Alexandria burned. 42 Philippi. Cassias and Brutus overwhelmed by Antony and Octavius. 31 ACTroM. Octavius defeated fleets of Antony and Cleopatra. Rome has become a splendid city. 24 A.D. TIBERIUS B **2 B.C -CHRIST- NERO SAUL ST. SENECA 'AUL PLINY TRAJAN 100 TACITUS HADRIAN ANTONINUS-PIUS JUSTIN MARTYR PTOLEMY MARCUS AURELIUS GALEN CLEMEKT SEVERUS ALEXANDRIA 200 ORIGEN AURELIAN SAINT CYPRIAN DIOCLETIAN PROBUS 300 CONSTANTINE EHPE «OR SAINT ANTHONY ARIUS ATHANASIUS THEODOS1US CHRYSOSTOM SAINT AUGUSTINE THE GREAT 400 EMPE ROT ALARIC GENSERIC LEO 2ENO ODOACER ATTILA THEODORIC CLOVIS a ! 500 25 0-500 A. D. 9 TeuToburG. Roman legions annihilated by Arminius (Prince of a German Tribe). 16 Germanicus triumphs over Arminius in Germany. 42 Awful famine in Egypt. 43-85 Roman conquest of Britain. 64 First persecution of the Christians. 64 Rome burned by Nero. 70 Jerusalem captured and Temple destroyed by Titus. 79 Eruption of Vesuvius. Herculaneum and Pompeii buried. 80 167 169 ) 189 [ Great Plagues in Roman World. 250-265 \ 100 Greatest extension of the Roman Empire. 138-160 Golden Age of the Roman Empire. 200 Roman Empire threatened by the German tribes. 250 General persecution of the Christians. 250-260 General attacks on the Roman domains. 272-273 Zenobia, Queen of Palmyra, vanquished. 303 General persecution of the Christians. 312 Constantine conquers Italy. 323 Constantine master of the Roman World. 325 First council of the Christian Church at Nicaea. A creed adopted. 330 Constantinople (Byzantium) made the capital of the Roman Empire by Constantine. 364 Roman Empire partitioned into East and West. 374 The Huns pass the Volga and are conquerors. 375-568 Migrations of the Ruthless Huns, Goths, etc., on a large scale, into the Roman Empire. 378 Adrianopi,E. Great victory of the Goths over the Romans. 381 Second general council of the Christian Church at Constan- tinople. 395 Final division into the Eastern or Byzantine Empire and the Western Empire. THE ROMAN EMPIRE, the Ruler of the World in the time of Augustus, has ceased to be the gTeat power. The Fall of the Wester u Empire is usually given as 47<> A. D. Eastern or Byzantian Empire continued to 1453. 406 Vandals, etc., invade Gaul. 410 Rome taken and sacked by the Visigoths under Alaric. 411 Rome forced to recall her legions from Britain. 415 Founding of the Visigothic Kingdom in Spain. 429-534 Kingdom of the Vandals in Africa. 449-607 English conquest of Britain. 450 Famine in Italy. 451 Chalons. Romans defeated Attila in a terrible battle, and one of the most important in history. 452 Foundation of Venice. 455 Rome sacked by the Vandals under Genseric. 476 Odoacer supplants the Ctesars at Rome. 486 SoiSSONS. Franks under Clovis vanquish the Romans in Gaul. 490-493 Theodoric invades Italy and overthrows Odoacer. k 2t> AD. 500 SAINT THE0D0RIC BENEDICT NARSES JUSTINIAN BELISARIUS GREGORY MAHOMET MOHAMMED 600 OMAR I HERACUUS OTHMHN EWP EROH CA LIP* RODERIC 700 MARTEL SAINT BONIFACE PEPIN wv CHARLEMAGNE EGBERT 800 EtiPC ROB HAR0UN AL-RASHID B 2 .L0THAIRE.. I NICHOLAS THE GREAT ALFRED THE GREAT 900 RURIK EFIPEBCR ROLLO B 2 HENRY OTHO I ZIMISCES VLADIMIR EHPE ROR 1000 HUGH CAPET 27 500-1000 A. D. 450-700 Angles and Saxons settling in Britain. 507 Clovis founds a capital in Gaul for the Franks. 533 Belisarius destroys the Vandal power in Africa. 543 Earthquake felt by nearly the whole world. 555 Narses destroys the kingdom of the Ostro-Goths, in Italy. 557 Earthquake. Constantinople. Thousands perish. 558 Dreadful plague begins in Europe. 568-774 Kingdom of the .Lombards in Italy. 622 Mohammed. Flight from Mecca to Medina. 629 Mecca submits to Mohammed. 635 Cadesia. Saracens vanquish the Persians. 640 Saracens invade Egypt. 641 Battle of Nehavend. Decisive victory for the Saracens over the Persians. 661-750 Rule of Ommiad Caliphs. Capital, Damascus. They made attacks on Europe. 709 Subjugation of Northern Africa, by the Saracens, completed. 711 Battle of Xerez-de-la-Frontera. Kingdom of Visigoths destroyed by the Saracens or Moors. 711-1492 Saracens and Moors in Spain. A high civilization. Height of their power was in 10th Century. 732 Tours or Poitiers. Saracens defeated by the Franks under M artel. 739 Famine in England, Wales, and Scotland. 742 Awful Earthquake in Syria, Palestine, and Asia. Immense loss of life. 750-1258 Rule of the Abbasside Caliphate. Bagdad founded and made the Capital about 765. 751 Pepin, King of Franks, founds the Carlovingian dynasty. 772 Charlemagne begins his wars and conquests. 800 Charlemagne, Emperor of the West. 827 England united under Egbert. 843 Treaty of Verdun. France, Germany, and Italy become sep- arate and independent States. This is a period of great confusion and many changes. 871 Alfred the Great, founder of modern England. Papal power has become well established. 894 Magyars or Hungarians, descend into Hungary, and establish themselves. 911 Northmen gained a permanent foothold in Normandy. 954-957 Famine in England, Wales, and Scotland. 933 Mehskborg. Henry, the Fowler, defeats the Hungarians. 955 Lech. Otho vanquishes the Hungarians. 962 Foundation of the Holy Roman Empire of the German nation. 988 Conversion and unification of Russia. 1000 Rise of Poland. 1000 Genoa becomes rich and powerful. 1000 1200 1300 1400 1500 29 1000 - 1500 A. D. 1016-1042 Danish supremacy over England. r^ E t 105-t Separation of the Church of the West from the Church of 1066 Hastings. Victory of William the Norman over Harold the 1075 Struggle between Henry IV. and Pope Gregory. [Saxon. 1076 Turks capture Jerusalem. 1096-1272 Crusades. 1099 Jerusalem besieged and taken by the Christians. 1099-1187 Christian Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1125 Venice in its glory. Makes offensive wars. 1167 Lombard League (23 Italian Cities). 1176 Legnano. Lombard League defeated Frederick Barbarossa. 1183 Liberties of Italian cities secured. 1187 Conquest of Acre and Jerusalem by Saladin. 1189-1191 Acre besieged and taken by Richard and allies. 1200 Papal dominion independent of the German emperors. 1204 Overthrow of the Byzantine Empire. Establishment of the Latin Empire of Constantinople, which stood till 1261. 1204 The Republic of Venice, one of the greatest commercial powers. 1212 ToivOSA. Decisive victory of the Christians over the Moors. 1213 Muret. Albigenses defeated by Simon de Montfort. 1218-1232 Wars between Venice and Genoa. Also at latter dates. 1219 Samarkand (the Athens of Asia) destroyed by Genghis Khan. 1240 The Mongols, after overrunning Russia, advance into Central Europe. 1241 Wahlstatt near Liegnitz. Victory of the Mongols over the Germans, but the Mongol advance into Europe was 1250 Mamelukes govern Egypt till 1517. [checked. 1258 Mongols besieged and sacked Bagdad. 1280 First Mongol dynasty fully established in China. 1291 Turks capture Acre from the Christians. 1315 MorgarTEN. Swiss defeated the Austrians. 1338-1453 Hundred Years' War. Series of wars between England 1346 Crecy. Utter defeat of the French. E and France. 1348-1351 Black Death throughout Europe. Millions perished. Reappeared in 1360, 1373, and 1382. 1356 Poitiers. Victory of the English over the French. 1361 Turks take Adrianople. 1366 Tamerlane begins his conquests. 1382 The Hanseatic League of over ninety cities in its zenith. Begun about 1250. 1382-1434 Most nourishing period of the Florentine Republic. 1386 Sempach. Victory of the Swiss over the Austrians. Sack of Delhi by Tamerlane. Angora. Tamerlane vanguished Bajazet. Bank of Genoa established. Grew to be a great power. AgincourT. Victory of Henry V. over the French. 1419-1436 Hussite war. 1420 Venice at zenith of her power. Siege of Orleans. Joan of Arc's victory over the English. Archduchy of Austria created. Capture of Constantinople by the Turks. Fall of the Eastern Empire. 1398 1402 1407 1415 1429 1453 1453 1477 Nancy. Overthrow of Charles the Bold by the Swiss. 1479 Nearly the whole of Spain united in one monarchy. 1480 Emancipation of Russia from the Mongol yoke. 1482 Alhama, the key of Grenada, wrested from the Moors. 1492 America discovered by Columbus. 1495-1513 French invasions of Italy. 1497 Vasco da Gama doubled the Cape of Good Hope. j-Rmpj-e 1499 Swiss confederacy became virtually independent of the German Cordova, Spain. A great centre of commerce and learning. 1014 Inundation on coast of England and the Netherlands. 1015-1439 Building of Strasburg Cathedral. 1016 Awful famine throughout Europe. 1066 1217 England and France. First period of rivalship. 1086 Domesday Book completed. 1108 Flanders inundated by the sea. 1118-1312 Order of Knights Templars. 1122 Concordat of Worms. Contest about Investiture ended. 1130 Foundation of the oldest universities. 1154 Henry II. Plantagenet Dynasty in England till 1485. 1157 Bank of Venice established. 1163-1312 Building of Cathedral of Notre Dame, Paris. 1170 All Saints' Flood in Holland. 1193-1195 Famine in England and France which led to a fever. 1200 Mining of coal in England on a large scale began. 1200 The Papacy on the summit of its power. 1209 Franciscan order founded. 1215 Magna Charta signed by King John. 1215 Dominican order founded. 1215 Inquisition instituted by Innocent III. 1240 The Golden Horde, planted on the Volga by the Mongols, were conquered by Tamerlane about 1400, and by Ivan III., 1480. 1248-1880 Cologne Cathedral. 511 feet in height. 1249 Oxford University placed on a stronger basis. 1256-1273 Interregnum in Germany. Empire lost vigor. Confusion. 1257 Cambridge University. First society of students. 1268 Earthquake in Cilicia. 60,000 perish. 1278 Marchfeld. Rudolph vanquishes Ottocar of Bohemia. 1283 Union of England and Wales. 1292 Beginning of the Swiss Confederacy. 1296 Dunbar. Scots defeated by the English. 1306-1342 Scotch War for Independence. 1314 Bannockburn. Edward II. defeated by Robert Bruce. 1315 Dreadful famine in England. 1346 Cannon used by the English at Crecy. 1347 Rienzi. Tribune of Rome. 1353 Famine in England and France. 1354 Gaiaipoli. Seized by the Turks. 1356 The Golden Bull of Germany for the election of Emperors. 1378-1417 Great Schism in the Western or Roman Church. 1381 Revolt of the peasants under Wat Tyler, which led to the abolition of villeinage. 1397 Denmark, Norway and Sweden united under Queen Margaret. 1401 Parliament passes act to burn the Lollards. 1414-1418 Constance. Council of the Roman Catholic Church. 1415 Burning of John Huss at Constance. [Unity restored. 1421 Holland. Sea broke in. 100,000 drowned. 1439 The beginning of standing armies. 1450 Jack Cade's insurrection in England. 1450 Gutenberg practiced the art of printing. 1450 (about) Mazarin Bible. 1455-1485 War of the Roses in England. 1456 Earthquake at Naples. 40,000 perish. 1477 Caxton prints the first book in England. 1480 Inquisition established in Spain. 1483 Great flood on the Severn river. 1485 Bosworth Fiei,d. Richard III. defeated and slain. 1485-1603 Tudor Dynasty in England. 30 A.D. 1000 100 200 300 1400 1500 31 1000 - 1500 A. D. 32 \.D .00 LEO PIZARRO HENRY VTTT LUTHER FRANCIS SOLYMAN SIGISMUND — &+^-S CORTES COPERNICUS VXSa - CHARLES T ELIZABETH =£= CATHARINE sntT»«i COUGH! DE MEDICI WILLIAM THE SltENT XT ANGELO TlTiAN RAPHAEL BACON (FRANCIS) HENRY IS 600 CHARLES =fc CROMWELL' TILLY RICHELIEU MAZARIN COLBERT — WILLIAM PR. OF ORANGE MARL- BOROUGH- WALPOLE 700 xtst GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS ki NG FREDERICK WILLIAM The \r*\s v-j-v JREAT ELECTOR WALLENSTEIN RALEIGH SHAKESPEARE GALILEO RUBENS VANDYKE CONDE REMBRANDT FREDERICK WILLIAM X PETER _TRE GREAT CHARLES C1 nor MILTON MURILLO LOCKE NEWTON P4TT FRANKLIN ADDISON FREDERICK U ki THE GREAT TURGOT CANNING WELUN6T0H NAPOLEON 300 VICTORIA W 6.6N 300 PEEL EMPE GLADSTONE •MIRABEAU MARIA THERESA CATHARINE ROBESPIERRE QU WASHINGTON METTERNICH WILLIAM. ROR T NICHOLAS KI £MP BISMARCK NG ERCR CAVOUR LI HUNG CHANG WEBSTER LINCOLN POPE BACH HANDEL J.EDWARDS VOLTAIRE ROUSSEAU KANT HERSCHEL GOETHE MOZART ■HUMBOLDT — LEO x m BEETHOVEN BOLIVAR MORSE GRANT HUGO DARWIN WAGNER ■SPENCER' PASTEUR 33 1500 - 1900 A. D. 1513 Flodden Field. James IV. of Scotland overwhelmed by the English. 1517-1648 Era of the Reformation. 1519-1521 Conquest of Mexico by Cortes. 1521 Diet of Worms. Luther defended his position as a Reformer. 1525 Pa via. French power in Italy shattered beyond repair. 1526 Ferdinand I. increases the possessions of Austria. 1529 First siege of Vienna by the Turks. 1530 & 1555 Diets of Augsburg. Religious peace concluded. 1531-1533 Conquest of Peru by Pizarro. 1545-1563 Council of Trent. It condemned the leading doctrines of the Reformation. 1555-6 Ridley, Latimer, Cranmer, and 300 other Protestants burned at the stake. 1562-1598 Civil. (8) Wars in France. Catholics and Huguenots. 1568-1648 War of Liberation in the Netherlands. 1571 Lepanto. Decisive naval battle between the Turks and Christians. 1572 Massacre of St. Bartholomew. Coligni and thou- sands of Huguenots slain. 1573-1574 Siege of Leyden. Dikes cut and Spaniards drowned. 1579 The Union of Utrecht. Foundation of the Dutch Republic. 1588 • Defeat of the Spanish Armada by the English fleet. 1590 Ivry. Henry IV. of France defeats Catholic Leaguers. 1598 Edict of Nantes granting toleration to the Huguenots. 1618-1648 Thirty years' religious war in Ceutral Europe. ■ 1631 Leipsic. Adolphus victorious. t 1632 LUTZEN. Death of Adolphus. Germany's population decreased more than half. 1627-1628 Siege and capture of La Rochelle from the Huguenots by Richelieu. 1644 Manchu Tartars seize the sovereign power in China. 1644 Marston Moor. Royalists defeated. 1648 Peace of Westphalia. Equal right? to the Protestants and Catholics, etc. 1756-1763 1757 -1784 1652-3 England and Holland contend in naval battles. 1664 St. Gotthard. Turks routed by the Christians. 1683 Second siege of Vienna by the Turks. Sobieski brought relief and gained a victory. 1685 Revocation of the Edict of Nantes. Migration of the Huguenots from France. 1688 The English Revolution. Parliament in control. William and Mary. 1689-1697 War of the "Grand Alliance" against France. 1690 Boyne. William III. defeated James II. 1692 La Hogue. French fleet destroyed by the English and Dutch. 1700 Narva. Sweden destroys the Russian Army. 1700-1721 Great Northern War in Europe. Alliance against Sweden. 1701-1714 War of the Spanish Succession. 1702-1713 Queen Anne's war against the French. 1704 Blenheim. French army almost destroyed by Marl- borough. 1709 Pultowa. Decisive triumph of Russia over Sweden. 1713 Peace of Utrecht \ England gained Gibraltar, etc. ( Austria gained possessions in Italy.etc. 1740-1748 War of the Austrian Succession. Prussia, France, etc., against Maria Theresa, etc. 1745 Fontenoy. French defeated the allies. Seven Years' War. Against Frederick the Great, of Prussia, by allies. War of the English in India. Great success of Lord Clive. 1759 Quebec. France lost her American Colonies. 1760 Torgau. Complete rout of the Austrians by the Prussians under Frederick the Great. 1763 Peace of Paris. Prussia gained a place among the great powers. 1772, '92, '95 Partition of Poland, by Russia, Prussia and Austria. 1775-1783 War of Independence. 1777 Saratoga. 1781 yorktown. 1782 Naval victories finally establish the maritime supremacy of England. 1789-1792 1792 1796-1815 1796-1800 1798 1800 1803 1803 1805 1805 1806 1806 1808-1814 1809 1810-1825 1812 1812 1813 1813 1814-15 1815 1815 1821-1829 1827 1S30-1831 1848-1849 1854-1856 1859 1861 1866 1870 1870 1877-8 1878 1894 1898 1898 1899 French Revolution. 1793-1 Reign of Terror. Guillotine active. Valm y. Prussians and Austrians defeated by the French . Napoleonic Wars. Napoleon's brilliant campaigns. Battle of the Nile. French army cut off from France. Marengo. Victory of Napoleon over the Austrians. British authority supreme throughout India. Renewed War between England and France. Trafalgar. Great Naval victory of Nelson over the French and Spanish. Austerlitz. Napoleon defeats the Austrians and Russians. Battle of Jena. Victory of Napoleon over the Prussians. End of the German or Holy Roman Empire. War between Napoleon and Great Britain in Spain and Portugal. Wagram. Decisive victory of Napoleon over the Austrians. Spanish colonies in Mexico and South America won their Independence. Borodino. Napoleon defeats the Russians. Burning of Moscow. Retreat of Napoleon with great loss. Lutzen. Napoleon defeats the Russians and Prussians. Leipsic. Napoleon's army overwhelmed by allied forces of Russia, Germany, and Austria. Congress of Vienna by the five great powers, Waterloo. Napoleon crushed by Wellington. The Holy Alliance between Russia, Austria, and Prussia. Greek Revolution. Resulted in Independence. Navarino. Destruction of the Turkish Egyptian fleet. Revolutions in France, Belgium, etc. Many Revolutions in Europe. Crimean War. Siege of Sebastopol by the English, French, etc. Solferino. French and Sardinians defeat Austrians. Bull Run. 1863 Gettysburg. 1865 Richmond surrendered. Sadowa. Defeat of the Austrians by the Prussians. Sedan. Germans defeat the French. Italy has achieved its freedom and unity. Turco-Russian War. Russians capture Plevna. Congress of Berlin. War between China and Japan. Czar of Russia proposes disarmament and a peace conference. War between the United States and Spain. Outbreak of War between England and the Boers. AD 1500 34 1600 1700 1800 1900 35 1500 - 1900 A. D. 1506-1626 1508 1510 1513 1513 1519-22 1534 1534 1551 1565 1587 1600 1603 1607 1608 1610 1614 1619 1620 1627-58 1638 1640-53 1642-45 1649-60 1675-1710 1694 1707 1711-20 1717-20 1721 1754-63 1759 1769 1774-85 1788 1793 1799 1801 1810 1819 1825 1829 1830 1835 1838 1844 1846 1848 1851 1857-8 1857-70 1859-69 1866 1870 1871 1871 1877 Building of St. Peter's Cathedral. League of Cambray against Venice. Albuquerque. Portuguese Viceroy of the Indies. Ponce de Leon discovers Florida. Balboa discovers the Pacific. Magellan's voyage around the globe. England separates from the Church of Rome. Order of Jesuits founded by Loyola. Turkish Empire at the zenith of its power. Spaniards settle St. Augustine, Fla. Mary Stuart, Queen of Scots, executed. English-East India Company chartered. The Stuarts in England till 1688. Jamestown, Va., settled by the English. Quebec. Settled by the French. Moors expelled from Spain. Great Decay of Spain during this century. First Dutch settlements in (now) New York. Discovery of the circulation of the blood by Harvey. Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers at Plymouth, Mass. Taj Mahal. The most ornate Mausoleum in the world. Harvard (Mass.) College founded. Long Parliament in England. Civil War. Between Parliament and Charles I. Commonwealth and Protectorate under Cromwell. Building of St. Paul's Cathedral. Bank of England established. Union of England and Scotland as Great Britain. South Sea Bubble in England. Law's Bubble. Vast financial schemes. Modern Cabinet system in England under Walpole. French and Indian war. Connected with the seven years' war in Europe Quebec. Taken by the English. The French lose their American colonies. Invention of the steam engine by Watt. Warren Hastings. Governor General of India. Coal and coke used in smelting iron. Whitney invents the cotton-gin. Rosetta Stone discovered in Egypt. Legislative union of Great Britain and Ireland. Napoleon at the height of his power. Germany humil- The steamer Savannah crosses the Atlantic. L latecl - Erie Canal opened in New York State. r [enson. "Rocket." First practical locomotive built by Steph- Beigium revolts from Holland and becomes a monarchy. Rise of American Literature. Steamship Great Western crosses the Atlantic. First telegraph line opened in the U. S. Ether introduced into surgical practice. Discovery of gold in California. Coup d'dtat of Louis Napoleon who was made Emperor Sepoy Mutiny in India. t in 1852 - Mont Cenis tunnel. Eight miles long. Construction of the Suez Canal. The Great Eastern lays the Atlantic cable. Fall of the French Empire. France again a Republic. Re-establishment of the German Empire. Treaty of Washington for arbitration. Production of Bessemer rails in the U. S. is greater than that of iron rails. The following partial list of disasters serves as a reminder that man (even with the greatest wealth) cannot withstand the elements or the laws of God. 1530 1531 1565 1626 1656 1665 1666 1667 1693 1693 1703 1703 1746 1748 1755 1771 1771 1783 1787 1789 1792 1797 1801 1822 1835 1S37-1838 1838 1840 & 6 1845 1846 1851 1865-1866 1867-1868 1868-1S69 1871. 1872 1877 1877 1877-1878 1881 1883 1883 1884 1886 1887 1888 1889 1889 & 90 1891 1893 1900 1902 hastened the French [Revolution. General inundation in Holland. 400,000 drowned. Earthquake at Lisbon. 30,000 perish. Famine throughout British Isles. Earthquake at Naples. 70,000 perish. Plague in Naples. 400,000 deaths. r . . , Great plague in London. One-fifth of the population Great fire in London. A blessing ; purifying the city. Earthquake at Schamaki. Lasted 3 months. 80,000 Awful famine in France. [perish. Earthquake in Sicily. 100,000 perish. Earthquake at Jeddo, Japan. 200,000 perish. Great storm in England. 80,000 drowned. Earthquake. Lima and Callao demolished. General famine in Britain. Great earthquake and immense sea waves at Lisbon. 60,000 perish. This awful earthquake destroyed other cities and was felt for 5,000 miles. Famine devastates Bengal. Ripon Flood in Yorkshire. Violent earthquake in Calabria. 40,000 perish. Torrents from the mountains in Navarre. Grevious famine in France Plague in Egypt. 800,000 perish. Earthquake in Central America. 40,000 perish. Famine throughout Britain. Coast of Chili permanently raised by an earthquake. Great fire in New York City. Famine in North-west India. 800,000 perish. Great fire in Charleston, S. C. Awful inundations in France. Two great fires in New York City. Great famine in Ireland caused by failure of potato crop. Two great fires in San Francisco, Cal. Famine in North-east India. 1,000,000 perish. Noted series of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions and great sea wave oscillations, culminating on the west coast of South America. Great losses. Famine in North-west India. 1,500,000 perish. Great Fires. Chicago. Boston. Famine on west coast of India. 500,000 perish. Earthquake and tidal wave on west coast of South America near Callao. Famine in North China. 9, 500, 000 said to have perished. Typhoon in China. 300,000 perish. Java desolated by many volcanic eruptions and a tidal wave. Disturbances for thousands of miles. Great floods in Europe. Destructive series of tornadoes in Southern States, TJ. S. A. Earthquake at Charleston, S. C. Shocks were felt over an area of 900,000 square miles. Overflow of Yellow River. Millions said to have perished. March. Blizzard on eastern coast of United States. Disastrous flood at Johnstown, Penna. Several tornadoes and destructive floods in U. S. A. Great blizzard and disastrous floods in Europe. Destructive tornadoes in Southern States, U. S. A. Galveston, Texas, devastated by a storm. Volcanic eruptions in the West Indies. St. Pierre and people destroyed. Ocean bed sunk to a great depth. 36 37 FAMOUS CHARACTERS ALPHABETICALLY ARRANGED The following list contains not only all the names on the preceding charts, but also the names of many other history makers of the world. This is far from being a complete list of noted persons, (there are ten times as many names in Chamber's Biographical Dictionary) but there will be found here the characters most frequently sought for. These can be more readily found in this selected list than in a cyclopedia where there are many similar names. As a general rule : a date, dash, and another date, follow the name. The date before the " - " is the date of birth, and the date after the " - " is the date of death. All dates are A. D. unless stated as B. C. The uncertainty of some dates is indicated by "about" or "?". The reader should not infer from this that he can implicitly rely on the accuracy of all the other dates. But little dependence can be placed on dates prior to about 700 b. c, and still less on those before about 1300 b. c. As an example of the confusion existing in recorded dates : Solomon is given iu this list as 1033-975 b. c, King 1015. Modern works give his reign as 993-953 B.C., a discrepancy of 22 years. Though the latter dates may be more reliable, the former are used so as to have more relative correctness with the other characters of the same period. Some of the discrepancies that may appear between the charts and the printed dates are due to the data being taken from different sources. 38 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY AARON A. BECKET, Thomas ABELARD. Pierre ABERNETHY, John ABRAHAM ABSALOM ADAMS. John ADDISON. Joseph >ESCHYLUS >ES0P AGASSIZ. Louis AGRICOLA. C. Julius ARAB ALARIC ALBUQUERQUE ALCIBIADES ALEXANDER THE GREAT ALEXANDER VI. ALEXANDER I. ALEXANDER II. ALEXANDER III. ALEXIS ALFONSO X. ithe Wise) ALFRED THE GREAT ALI ALISON. Archibald ALVA. Duke ol AMBROSE. Saint ANAXAGORAS ANGELICO. Fra ANGELO ANNE ANNE BOLEYN ANSELM, Saint ANTHONY, Saint ANTIGONUS ANTIOCHUS THE GREAT ATONINUS PIUS ANTONY, Mark APELLES 1574-1451 B.C. High priest of the Jews See Becket 1079-1142 French theologian 1764-1831 English surgeon 1996-1822 B.C. Father of the Hebrews 11th cent. B.C. Son of David 1735- 1826 President of the United States, 1797 1672-1719 English author 525-456 B.C. Greek tragic writer 620-564 B.C. Greek fabulist 1807-1873 Swiss-American. Naturalist 37-93 Roman general in Britain King of Israel, about 875 B.C. -410 King of the Visigoths 1453-1515 Portugal. Viceroy of the Indies 450-404B.C. Athenian general 356-323 b.c. Macedonian conqueror, 336 B.C. 1431-1503 Pope, 1492 1777-1825 Czar of Russia, 1801 1818-1 ssi Czar of Russia, 1855 1845-1894 Czar of Russia, 1881 1629-1676 Czar of Russia, 1645 1221-1284 King of Castile and Leon, 1252 849 901 King of England, 871 661 Arabian. Caliph, 656 1757-1839 Scotch. Historian 1508-1583 Spanish. Governor of the Nether- lands, 1567 340-397 Bishop of Milan 50U-428B.C. Ionic philosopher 1387-1455 Tuscan. Friar painter See Michael Angelo 1664-1714 Queen of England, 1702 See Boleyn 1033-1109 Archbishop of Canterbury 251-356 Egyptian. Father of Monachism 382-301 B.C. King in Asia 242-187 B.C. King of Syria, 223 B.C. 86-161 Roman emperor, 138 83-30 B.C. Roman triumvir [B.C. Ephesus. Celebrated painter, 325 1225-1274 1786-1853 287-212 B.C. 1474-1533 -468 B.C. 384-322 B.C. 260-336 AQUINAS. St. Thomas ARAG0. D. Francois ARCHIMEDES ARI0ST0. Ludovico ARISTARCHUS OF SAM0S ARISTIDES THE JUST ARISTOTLE ARIUS ARKWRIGHT. Sir Richard 1732-1792 ARMINIUS-HERMANN 16 B.c-19 a.d. ARMOUR. Philip D. 1832-1901 ARNOLD. Thomas 1795-1842 ARNOLD OF WINKELRIED -1386 ARTAXERXES I. ARTHUR. -King" -520 ASPASIA About 400 B.C. AST0R. John Jacob 1763-1848 ATHANASIUS 300-373 ATTILA 406-453 AUDUBON. John James 1780-1851 AUGUSTINE. Saint 354-430 AUGUSTUS iOCTAVIUSi 63B.C.-14 a.d. AURELIAN 212-275 AURELIUS. Marcus 121-180 Italian theologian French physicist Syracusan mathematician Italian poet Alexandrian astronomer. 280 B.C. Athenian statesman Greek philosopher Egyptian. Founder of Arianism English. Inventor [9 A.D. German. Vanquished the Romans, American. Meat packing industry English. Head Master of Rugby Swiss patriot King of Persia, 465-425 B.C. British chieftain Greek. Renowned for her talents German-American. Merchant Patriarch of Alexandria King of the Huns American naturalist Latin father of the Church Master of the Roman world, 31 B.C. Roman emperor, 270 Roman emperor, 161 39 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY BABBAGE. Charles BACH. J. Sebastian BACON, Sir Francis BACON. Roger BAJAZET I. BALBOA BALIOL, Edward BANCROFT, George BARNUM, P. T. BASIL (the Great) BAYARD. Chevalier de BEACONSFIELD, Earl ol BECKET. Thomas BEDE. The Venerable BEECHER, Henry Ward BEETHOVEN, Ludwlg van BELISARIUS BELL, A. G. BELLINI, Vlncenzo BELSHAZZAR BENEDICT, Saint BENNETT, Jas. G. BENTHAM, Jeremy BENTON, Thomas H. BERANGER, PierreJ.de BERKELEY, George BERNARD, Saint BESSEMER, Sir Henry BIDDLE, Nicholas BISMARCK, Prince von BLACKSTONE, Sir William BUINE, James G. BLUCHER, Von BOCCACCIO, Giovanni BOLEYN, Anna BOLINGBROKE, H. St. John BOLIVAR, Simon BONAPARTE. Louis Napoleon BONAPARTE, Napoleon BONHEUR, Rosa 1792-1871 English mathematician and inventor 168:3-1750 German musician 1561 1G26 English philosopher, etc. 1214-1294 English monk and philosopher 1347-1403 Turkish sultan, 1389 1470-1517 Spanish adventurer -1363 King of Scotland, 1332 1800-1891 American historian 1810-1891 American showman 329-379 Greek father of the Church 1475-1524 French soldier 1804-1881 English. Statesman and novelist 1117-1170 English. Archbishop of Canter- bury 672-735 Saxon historian 1813-1887 American clergyman 1770-1827 German composer 505-565 Byzantine general 1847- Scotch. Telephone in U. S. 1802-1835 Italian composer -538 b.c. Last king of Babylonia [achisni 480-543 Italian. Founder of Western Mon- 1795-1872 Scotch. Founder of N. Y. Herald 1748-1832 English jurist 1782-1858 American statesman 1780-1857 French song writer 1684-1753 Irish philosopher 1091-1153 French ecclesiastic 1813-1898 English inventor 1786-1844 American financier 1815-1898 Prussian statesman 1723-1780 English jurist 1830-1893 American statesman 1742-1819 Prussian general 1313-1375 Italian author 1507-1536 Second wife of Henry VIII. 1678-1751 English statesman 1783-1830 Liberator of South America 1808-1873 Emperor of the French, 1852 1768-1821 French. General. Emperor, 1804 1822-1899 French. Animal painter BONIFACE VIII. BONIFACE. Saint BOONE. Daniel BOSSUET, Jacques B. BOZZARIS, Marcos BRAHE, Tycho BRENNUS BRIGHT, John BRONTE, Charlotte BROUGHAM, Lord BROWN, John BROWNING, Elizabeth B. BROWNING. Robert BRUCE, Robert BRUNEL, Sir Marc BRUTUS. Lucius J. BRUTUS, Marcus J. BRYANT, William C. BUCKINGHAM, Duke ol BUDDHA BUFFON, Comte de BUNYAN, John BURKE. Edmund BURLEIGH, Lord BURNS, Robert BURRITT, Ellhu BURTON, Sir Richard F. BYRON, George G. -1303 680-755 1735-1820 1627-1704 1790-1823 1546-1601 1811-1889 1816-1855 1778-1868 1800-1859 1806-1861 1812-1889 1274-1329 1769-1849 85-42 B.C. 1794-1878 1592-1628 6th cent. B.C. 1707-1788 1628-1688 1729-1797 1520-1598 1759-1796 1811-1879 1821-1890 1788-1824 Pope, 1294 "Apostle of Germany" American pioneer in Kentucky French prelate Greek revolutionary leader Swede. Astronomer Leader of the Gauls against Rome [about 388 B.C. English statesman English novelist Scotch. Law reformer, etc. American abolitionist and leader English poetess English poet King of Scotland, 1306 French. English engineer Reputed leader of the Romans. against Tarquin about 515 B.C. Roman. One of Cffisar's assassins American. Poet and journalist English. Virtual ruler India. Founder of Buddhism French naturalist English author Irish. English statesman English statesman Scottish poet American. Learned blacksmith English. Explorer and writer English poet 40 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY CABOT, John CABOT. Sebastian CADE, Jack C/ESAR. Julius CALHOUN. John C. CALIGULA CALVIN. John CAMBYSES CAMILLUS, M. F. CANNING. George CANOVA. Antonio CANUTE CARLYLE. Thos. CARNEGIE. Andrew CARNOT. N. M. CARSON, "Kit" CARTWRIGHT, Edmund CASSIUS, Caius CATHARINE II. CATHARINE DE° MEDICI CATHARINE OF ARAGON CATILINE CATO. (the elder) CATO, (the younger) CAVENDISH, Henry CAVOUR, Count CAXTON, William CECIL, William CERVANTES CHANNING, Wm. E. CHARLEMAGNE CHARLES I. CHARLES II. CHARLES THE BALD CHARLES VII. CHARLES V. CHARLES XII. CHARLES THE BOLD CHARLES MARTEL CHASE, Salmon P. CHATHAM, Earl of 1476-1557 -1450 100-44 B.C. 1782-1850 12-41 1509-15G4 -522 B.C. 446-365 B.C. 1770 1827 1757-1822 994-1035 1795-1881 1835- 1753-1823 1809-1868 1743-1823 -42 B.C. 1729-1796 1519-1589 1485-1536 108-C-2B.C. 234-149 B.C. 95-46 B.C. 1731-1810 1810-1861 1422-1491 1547-1616 1780-1842 742-814 1600-1649 1630-1685 823-877 1403-1461 1500-1558 1682-1718 1433-1477 690-741 1808-1873 Discovered the main- Venetians, land of America forthe English, 1497 Irish. English insurgent Roman conqueror, historian, etc. American statesman Roman emperor, 37 French. Protestant reformer KingofMedesand Persians, 529 B.C. Roman. Hero English statesman Italian sculptor King of Denmark, Norway, and [England, 1016 Scotch. Author Scotch. Am. steel manufacturer French strategist and revolutionist American guide [loom. English. Inventor of the power Roman. Conspirator against Ceesar Empress of Russia, 1762 Queen of France, 1532 First wife of Henry Till. Roman conspirator Roman statesman Roman statesman English. Natural philosopher Restorer of Italian nationality First English printer English. See Lord Burleigh Spanish author [ism. American Clergyman. Abolition- King of the Franks, 768. Emperor [800 King of England and Scotland, 1625 King of England and Scotland, 1660 King of the western Franks, 840 King of France, 1422 Emperor of Germany, 1520 King of Sweden, 1697 Duke of Burgundy Ruler of the Franks American. Statesman, etc. See William Pitt CHAUCER. Geoffrey 1340-1400 CHESTERFIELD. Earl of 1694-1773 CHEVALIER. Michel 1806-1879 CHOPIN. Frederic 1809-1849 CHING WANG CHRIST CHOW DYNASTY CHRYS0ST0M, Saint CICERO. Marcus T. CID. The CINCINNATUS CLAY. Henry CLEISTHENES CLEMENT OF ALEXANDRIA 4B.C.-29A.D. 1123 B.C. ::I7 107 106 43b.c. 1040-1 OH! I 5th cent. B.C. 1777-1852 -215 CLEOPATRA 69-30 B.C. CLEVELAND. Grover 1837- CLINT0N, De Witt 1769-1828 CLINTON, George 1739-1812 CLIVE, Lord 1725-1774 CL0VIS -511 C0BDEN. Richard 1804-1865 COKE, Sir Edward 1552-1633 COLBERT 1619-1683 C0LBURN, Zerah 1804-1840 COLERIDGE, Samuel T. 1772-1834 C0LIGNI 1517-1572 COLUMBUS, Christopher 1447-1506 C0MTE, Auguste 1798-1857 C0NDE" 1G21-1686 CONFUCIUS About 500 b.o. CONRAD I. -918 C0NSTANTINE THE GREAT 274-337 COOK, James 1728-1779 COOPER, James F. 1789-1851 COOPER, Peter COPERNICUS C0RDAY, Charlotte C0RI0LANUS CORNELIA C0RREGGI0 1791-1883 1473-1543 1768-1793 About 200 B.o. 1494-1534 English poet English statesman, etc. French economist Polish. Composer Emperor, 246b. c He expelled the [Mongols, etc. Patriarch of Constantinople. Roman orator Spanish hero Roman dictator American statesman Athenian statesman, about 510 B.o. Greek father of the Church Queen of Egypt American. President of U. S., 1885 Governor of New York American. Statesman English general in India King of the Franks, 481 English statesman. Free trade English jurist French. Minister of Louis XIV. American arithmetical prodigy English poet French Admiral. Huguenot leader Italian. Discoverer of America for [Spain French philosopher French general Chinese philosopher King of Germany, 911 Roman emperor, 323 English navigator American novelist American philanthropist Pole. Astronomer French. Assassin of Marat Hero of Roman legend, 500 B.C. Roman matron Italian painter 41 CORTES. Hernando CRABBE. George CRANMER. Thomas CRASSUS. Marcus L. CRICHTON. James CRISPIN. Saint CROESUS CROMWELL. Oliver CUVIER CYAXARES CYPRIAN. Saint CYRUS THE GREAT CYRUS FAMOUS CHARACTERS IX HISTORY 1485-1547 Spanish. Conqueror of Mexico 1754-1832 English poet 1489-1556 English reformer 114-53B.C. Roman triumvir 1560-1586 Scotch genius. " The admirable ' -287 Roman. Shoemaker King of Lydia, 560b.c. 1599-1G58 English. Puritan. Protector 1769-1832 French naturalist -584 B.C. King of Media 200-258 Bishop of Carthage -529 B.C. King of Persia, 550 B.C. 424-401 B.C. Persian general DAGUERRE. Louis J. M. DALT0N. John DANIEL DANTE DARIUS I. iHystaspis) DARWIN. Charles R. DAVID DAVIS. Jefferson DAVY. Sir Humphrey DEFOE. Daniel DE LESSEPS 1789-1851 French. Inventor of photography 1766-1844 English chemist Hebrew. Prophecies 603-536 B.C. 1265-1321 Florentine poet -480 B.c, King of Persia, 521 B.C. 1809-1882 English naturalist -1015 B.C. King of Israel, 1055 B.C. 1808-1889 American. President of the Confed- erate States 1778-1829 English chemist 1660-1731 English author See Lesseps DEM0CRITUS 465B.C- DEMOSTHENES -413 B.c DEMOSTHENES 384-322 B.o DE QUINCEY. Thos. 1785-1859 DERBY. Earl of 1799-1869 DE RUYTER DESCARTES. Rene' 1596-1650 DE SOTO. Hernando 1496-1542 DE STAEL DICKENS. Charles 1812-1870 DIOCLETIAN 245-313 DI0D0RUS SiCULUS 1st cent, b.c DIOGENES 412-323 B.C. DI0NYSIUS. the Elder) 431-367 B c, Eu.l o£ DIONYSIUSofHalicarnassus 1st cent, b.c DISRAELI. Benjamin D0MITIAN 51-96 D0RE. Gustave 1833-1883 DOUGLAS. Sir James 1286-1331 DOUGLAS. Stephen A. 1813-1861 DOUGLASS. Fred 1817-1895 DRACO DRAKE. Sir Francis 1541 1-1595 DREW. Daniel 1788-1879 DRUSUS. Nero Claudius 39 9b c. DRYDEN. John 1631-1700 DUNSTAN. Saint 925-988 DURER. Albrecht. 1471-1528 Greek. Philosopher Athenian general Athenian orator English. Writer English. Premier, 1852 See Ruyter French. Modern philosophy Spanish. Discoverer of the Mis- sissippi See Stael, Mme. De English novelist Roman emperor, 284 Greek historian Greek philosopher Tyrant of Syracuse, 405 B.o. Greek historian See Beaconsfield Roman emperor, s] French artist Scotch. Great captain of Bruce American politician Slave. American orator Athenian legislator, 624 B.C. English naval commander American. Capitalist Roman general English poet English. Archbishop of Canterbury German engraver, etc. 42 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY EDISON. Thomas Alva is 17 EDMUND II. 989-1016 EDWARD, (the Elder) 870-925 EDWARD THE CONFESSOR 1004-1066 EDWARD I. 1239-1307 EDWARD II. 1284-1327 EDWARD III. 1312-1377 EDWARD IV. 1441-1483 EDWARD, the Black Prince 1330-1376 EDWARDS. Jonathan 1703-1758 EGBERT -837 ELI -1116B.0 ELIJAH E LISHA -838 B.C. ELIZABETH 1533-1603 EMANUEL 1469-1521 EMERSON. Ralph Waldo 1803-1882 EMMET. Robert 1780-1803 EPAMINONDAS 418-362 B.C. EPICTETUS 1st cent. EPICURUS 342 270 B.C. ERASMUS. Deslderlus 1467-1536 ERICSSON, John 1803-1889 ERIGENA. John Scotus 9th cent. ERSKINE. Thos. (Lord) 1750-1823 ESSEX, Earl oi 1567-1601 ETHELBERT -616 EUCLID EURIPIDES 480-406 B.C. EVANS, Marian 1820-1880 "George Eliot" EVERETT, Edward 1794-1865 EZEKIEL EZRA 600 B.C.- 5th cent. b.o. American inventor King of England, 1016 King of England, 90J King of England, 1042 King of England. 1272 King of England. 1307 King of England. 1327 King of England. 1461 English. Prince of Wales American theologian King of England, 829 Judge of Israel, 1157- 11 17 B.C. Hebrew prophet, 907 B.C. Hebrew prophet Queen of England, 1558 King of Portugal, U'.<~> American philosophical writer Irish revolutionist Thchan general Phrygia. Stoic philosopher Greek philosopher Dutch scholar Swedish-American. Engineer Irish. Philosopher Scotch. English advocate, etc. English general King of Kent, 565 Greek geometer, 300 B.C. Greek poet English novelist American statesman and orator Hebrew prophet Hebrew priest, ruler, etc. FABIUS. Maximus V. FARADAY. Michael FARRAGUT. David G. FAWKES. Guy FERDINAND I. FERDINAND V. FERRY. Jules FIELD. Cyrus W. FIELD. David D. FIELD. Marshall FIELDING. Henry F0UCAULT. Leon FOURIER. Charles FOX. Charles James FOX. George FRANCIS I. FRANCIS JOSEPH FRANCIS OF ASSISI, (Saint) 1182-1226 FRANCIS XAVIER FRANKLIN. Benjamin 1706-1790 FRANKLIN. Sir John 1786-1847 FREDERICK I. iBarbarossai 1121-1190 FREDERICK II. 1104-1250 FREDERICK IV. or III. 1415-1493 FREDERICK THE GREAT 1712-1786 FREDERICK WILLIAM 1620 1688 FREDERICK WILLIAM I. FROBISHER. Sir Martin FR0EBEL. Frledrlch FR9ISSART. Jean FULTON. Robert -203 B.C. Roman general 1791-1867 English physicist American admiral English conspirator King of Castile, 1033, & Leon, 1037 King of Spain French statesman American. Atlantic Ocean cable American. Jurist American. Merchant English novelist French physicist French. Socialist English statesman lsol-1870 1570-1606 -1065 1452-1516 1832-1893 1819-1892 1805-1894 1835- 1707-1754 1819-1868 1772-1837 1749-1806 1624-1690 1494-1547 1830- [ Quakers'" English. Founder of "Friends and King of France, 1515 Emperor of Austria, 1848 Founder of theorderof Franciscans See Xavier American philosopher English Arctic explorer Emperor of Germany, 1152 Emperor of Germany, 1215 Emperor of Germany, 1440 King of Prussia, 1740 Elector of Brandenburg, 1640 King of Prussia, 1713 English navigator 1688 1740 -1594 1782-1852 1337-1410(1419) French chronicler 1765-1815 American engineer German. Originator of the Kinder- [garten 43 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY GALEN GALILEO GALLATIN. Albert GAMA. Vasco da GARIBALDI. Giuseppe GARRICK. David GARRISON. William Lloyd 1805 1879 GATES. John W. 1855- GENEVIEVE 422-512 GENGHIS KHAN -1227 GENSERIC -477 GEORGE III. 1738-1820 GERMANICUS C/ESAR 15B.O.-19 A.D. GIBBON. Edward 1737-1794 GIDEON GIOTTO GIRARD. Stephen GIRARDIN. Emlle de GLADSTONE. William E GLUCK. C. W. GODFREY OF BOUILLON 1061-1100 GODWIN. Mary W. 1759-1797 GOETHE 1749-1832 GOLDSMITH. Oliver 1728-1774 GORDON. Chas. George 1833 1885 GORTSCHAKOFF. Alexander 1798 L883 1270 1337 1750 l v '.1 1804-1881 1809-1898 1714-1787 GOULD. Jay GRACCHUS. Calus GRACCHUS. Tiberius GRANT. Ulysses S. GRAY. Thomas GREELEY. Horace GREGORY I.— (The Great) GREGORY VII. - Hildebrand 1085 GREY. Lady Jane 1537-1554 GRIMM. Jacob GROTE. George GROTIUS. Hugo GUIDO RENI GUISE. Charles de L. 130-200 Greet medical writer 1564-1G42 Italian astronomer [man 17G1-1849 Swiss-Am. Financier and Btates- -1524 Portuguese navigator 1807-1882 Italian [patriot 1716-1779 English actor American abolH ionist American. Speculator ration saint of Paris Mongol conqueror King of Vandals King of England, 1760 Boman general English historian Judge in Israel, 1249-1209B.C. Florentine painter French-American philant hropisl Swiss-French journalist English statesman and oratoi German composer [crusadi Belgium. A leader in tin- lii-1 English. Women's Rights German poet Irish. Author English. Genera] and governor Chancellor of the Russian En American. Railroad manip ilator Roman tribune Roman tribune Pres I of the U. S., 1869 English poet American journalist Pope. 5:io Pope, 1073 Proclaimed queen of England, 1553 1785 1*63 German. Philologist 1794-1871 English historian 1583-1645 Dutch. Jurist, etc. 1575-1642 Italian painter 1525-1574 French statesman GUISE. Claude de L.. Duke 1496 1550 GUIZOT GUSTAVUS VASA GUSTAVUS ADOLPHUS GUTENBERG. Johann GUY FAWKES 1836 1892 -121 B.C. 133 B.C. 1*22 1885 1710-1771 1811-1X72 -604 HADRIAN HALE. Sir Matthew HAMILCAR BARCA HAMILTON. Alexander HAN DYNASTY HANCOCK. John HANDEL HANNA. Marcus A. HANNIBAL HANNO the Great) HAROLD II. HAROUN AL-RASCHID HARVEY. William HASDRUBAL HASTINGS. Warren HATASU HAWKINS. Sir John 17«7- 1-71 1496 1560 1594 1632 i : { ' ' T 1 168 French general i ii tate man and hi 1 orlan King of Sweden, 1523 King of Sweden, 1611 German. Reputed Inventor of [printing S'-" Fawkes 70 138 1609 1676 -22:1 B 1 . ]7.",7 1804 206B.C- 17 ;7 1793 1685-1759 1837 247-183 B.C. 3d cent. B.C. .809 1578-1657 207 B.C. 1732-1-1- 171 1 1532-1595 HAWTHORNE. Nathaniel 1""} HAYDN. Joseph HEGEL. G. W. F. HEINE. Heinrlch HENRY I. HENRY II. HENRY IV. HENRY V. 1809 1770-1831 1799-1856 1068-1X35 1133-1189 1366-1413 1388-1422 Roman emperor, 117 b 11 1 Carthaginian general American statesman Brilliant period of Chinese hi American statesman German composer American. Mining and politic?! aginian general Carthaginian general Last Anglo-Saxon king of England, Caliph of Bagdad, 786 English physiologist aginian general Governor-general of India, 1774 Egyptian queen English naval commander American novelist Austrian compo German philosopher German. Poet and revolutionist King of England, 1100 King of England, 1154 King of England, 1399 King of England, 1413 44 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY HENRY VII. HENRY VIII. HENRY OF NAVARRE HENRY I. HENRY IV. 1456-1509 1491-1547 1553-1610 -936 1050-1106 HENRY THE NAVIGATOR 1394-1460 HENRY, Joseph 1797-1878 HENRY. Patrick 1736-1799 HERACL1US -641 HERO 3d cent. B.C. HEROD THE GREAT -4 B.C. HEROD AGRIPPA I. -44 HERODOTUS 484 b.c- HERSCHEL, Sir William 1738-1822 HILDEBRAND King of England, 1485 King of England, 1509 King of France, 1589 King of Germany, 919 King of Germany, 1056 Son of John I. of Portugal American physicist American. Patriot and orator Byzantine emperor, 610 Alexandria. Mathematician King of Judea, 40b. c. King of Judea, 37 Greek historian English astronomer See Gregory VII. [and President HUSS. John HUTCHINSON, Benj. P. HUXLEY. Thos. H. HUYGENS. Christian HYPATIA 1369-1415 1829-1899 1825-1895 1629-1695 -415 Bohemian religious reformer American. Grain speculator English biologist Dutch physicist Alexandria. Learned teacher HILL. James J. 1838- Canadian-American. R. R. builder INN0CENT 1. -417 HIPPARCHUS 2d cent. n.c. Bithynia. Greek astronomer INNOCENT III. -1216 HIPPOCRATES 460-360 B.C. Greek physician INNOCENT XI. 161 1-1689 HIRAM King of Tyre, about 10OOB.C. IRVING. Washington 1783-1859 H0BBES, Thos. 1588-1679 English philosopher ISAAC 1896-1715 B.o HOGARTH, William 1697-1764 English artist ISABELLA 1451-1504 HOLMES. Oliver Wendell 1809-1894 American humorous writer ISAIAH 8th cent. B.C. HOMER 9th or 10 cent B.C. Greek poet IVAN THE GREAT -1505 HOOD, Thomas 1798-1845 English poet IVAN THE TERRIBLE 1531-1584 HOOK, T. E. 1788-1841 English author and wit HOOKER. Richard 1553-1600 English divine HORACE 65-8 B.C. Latin poet H0RTENSIUS, Qulntus 114-50 B.C. Roman orator H0SEA 8th cent. B.C. Hebrew prophet H0UDIN, Robert 1805- 1ST 1 French conjurer JACK CADE HOUSTON, Sam 1793-1863 American. Texan liberator JACKSON, Andrew 1767-1845 HOWARD, John 1726-1790 English. Trison reformer JACKSON, '• Stonewall" 1824 1863 HUDSON, Henry -1G11 English. Navigator JACOB 1837-1689 B.C. HUGH CAPET -996 King of France, 987 JACQUARD. J. M. 1752-1834 HUGHES, John 1797-1864 Irish. Archbishop of New York JAMES 1.— (Stuart) 1394-1437 HUGO, Victor 1802-1885 French poet and novelist JAMES IV. 1472-1513 HUMBOLDT 1769-1859 German traveler and scientist JAMES VI. and 1. 1566-1625 HUNTER, John 1728-1793 Scotch. English surgeon JAMES II. 1633-1701 HUME. David HUNTINGTON, Collis P. 1711-1776 1821-1900 Scottish philosopher [ipulator American. R. R. builder and man- JEFFERSON. Thomas JEFFREYS, George w. Jt -J- 1743-1826 1648-1689 Bishop of Rome, 402 Pope, 1198 Pope, 1676 American author l'utiiarch Queen of Spain, 1479 Hebrew prophet Ruler of Russia, 1462 Czar of Russia See Cade Pres't of the U. S., 1829 American. Confederate general Patriarch French. Loom King of Scotland, 1406 King of Scotland, 1488 King of Scotland and England, 1603 King of England and Scotland, 1685 Pres't of the TJ. S., 1801 English judge 45 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY JENNER. Edward 1749-1823 JEREMIAH JEROBOAM 1. -953 B.C. JEROME. Saint 340-420 JOAN OF ARC 1411-1431 JOHN THE BAPTIST B.C.-A.D. JOHN ithe Evangelist -100 JOHN 1166-1216 JOHN THE GOOD 1319-1364 JOHN 1. 1357-1433 JOHN OF GAUNT 1340-1399 JOHN ZIMISCES JOHNSON. Or. Samuel 1709-1784 JONAH JONES. John Paul 1747-1792 JONSON. Ben. 1573-1637 JOSEPH 1745-1635 B.c JOSEPHUS. Flavlus 37-100 JOSHUA 1552-1442 B.c JUDAS MACCAB/EUS JUDSON. Adonlram 1788-1850 JUGURTHA -104 B.C. JULIAN 331-363 JUSTIN 1. 450-527 JUSTIN MARTYR 100-165 JUSTINIAN 1. -565 JUVENAL 1st cent. English. Originator of vaccination Hebrew prophet, 600 B.C. 1st King of Israel, 975 B.C. Latin father of the Church French heroine Preached about 26a.d. Apostl>> King of England, 1199 King of France, 1350 King of Portugal, 1385 English. Duke of Lancaster Sec Zirnisces English author. Dictionary Hebrew prophet, 9th cent. b.c. English. American naval officer English dramatist Jewish patriarch Jewish historian Leader of Israelites See Maccabfpus American missionary King of Numidia Roman emperor, 361 Byzantine emperor. 518 Samaria. Father of the Church, Byzantine emperor, 527 Roman tragic satirist KANT. Immanuel KEAN. Edmund KEENE. James R. KELVIN. Lord KEMBLE. John Philip KEMPIS, Thomas a' KENT. James KEPLER. Johann KIDD. William KNOX. John KOCH. Robert KOSCIUSKO KOSSUTH. Louis K RUG EH KRUPP. Alfred 1724-1804 1787-1833 1838- 1757-1823 1763-1847 1571-1630 -1701 1505 1572 1843- 1746-1817 1802-1894 1825-1904 1810-1887 LA FARGE. John LAFAYETTE, Marquis de LAMARTINE. Alphonse de LAMB. Charles LANDOR. Walter S. LANDSEER. Sir Edwin LAO-TSZE LAPLACE LATIMER, Hugh LAUD. William LAVOISIER LAW, John LEE. Robt. Edward LEIBNITZ. G. W. LEICESTER. Earl of LEONARDO DA VINCI LEO THE GREAT 1835- 1757-1834 1790-1869 1775-1834 1775-1864 1802-1873 600 b.c. 1749-1827 1490-1555 1573-1645 1743-1794 1671-1729 1807-1870 1646-1716 -461 German philosopher English actor English-American. Speculator, etc. See Thomson English actor See Thomas a' K. American jurist German astronomer Scotch. Pirate Scottish reformer German. Discoverer of bacilli Polish patriot and leader [tionist Hungarian statesman and revolu- Pres't of South African Republic German manufacturer American. Painter, etc. French. Aided the Americans French statesman, etc. English author English author English animal painter Chinese philosopher, Taoism French astronomer English reformer English. Archbishop of Canterbury French. Modern chemistry Scottish financier American. Confederate general German philosopher See Montfort See Vinci Bishop of Rome, 440 46 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY LEO X. 1475-1521 LEO XIII. 1810- LEONIDAS -480b. c. LEPIDUS -13 B.C. LESSEPS. Ferd. de 1805-1894 LICINIUS LIEBIG 1803-1873 LI HUNG CHANG 1821-1901 LINCOLN, Abraham 1809-1865 LIND, Jenny 1821-1887 LINNAEUS 1707-1778 LISTER. Sir Joseph 1827- LISZT, Franz 1811-1886 LIVINGSTONE, David 1813-1873 LIVY 59b.c.-17a.d LOCKE, John 1632-1704 LONGFELLOW 1807-1882 LONGINUS 213-273 LORENZO LOTHAIRE 1. 796-855 LOUIS 1. 778-840 LOUIS THE GERMAN 804-876 LOUIS VI. 1078-1137 LOUIS IX., -Saint" 1215-1270 LOUIS XI. 1423-1483 LOUIS XIV. 1638-1715 LOUIS XVI. 1754-1793 LOUIS PHILIPPE 1773-1850 LOYOLA, Ignatius de 1491-1556 LUCRETIUS -52 B.C. LUTHER, Martin 1483-1540 LYCURGUS 9th cent. B.c LYSANDER -395 B.o LYSIPPUS LYTTON, E. Bulwer 1803-1873 Pope, 1513 Pope, 1878 King of Sparta, 491 B.C. Roman Triumvir 43-37 B.C. [canal French. Constructor of the Suez Roman tribune of the people,376B. c. German chemist Chinese statesman Pres't of the U. S., 1861 Swedish singer Swedish naturalist English Surgeon. Antiseptic sys- |tem Hungarian pianist Scotch. African explorer Roman historian English philosopher American poet Greek philosopher Sit Medici Emperor of the Romans, 840 King of the Franks King of Germany, M3 King of France, 1108 King of France, 1226 King of France, 1461 King of France, 1043 King of France, 1774 King of France, 1830 Spanish. Founderof the "Jesuits " Latin didactic poet German reformer Spartan legislator Spartan commander Greek sculptor, 350 B.C. English. Novelist, politician, etc. MACAULAY. Thos. B. 1800-1859 MACBETH -1057 MACCABEES MACCAB/EUS. Judas -160 b.c. MACD0NALD. Sir John A. 1815-1891 MACHIAVELLI. Nlccolo 1469-1527 MACKAY. John W. 1831-1902 McKINLEY. William 1843-1901 MACKINTOSH. Sir James 1765-1832 MACMAH0N 1808-1893 MAECENAS, C. C. 70-8 B.C. MAGELLAN 1470-1521 MAHOMET MAINTENON. Madame de 1635-1719 MALTHUS. Thos. Robt. 1766-1834 MANASSEH -642 B.C. MANCHU DYNASTY of Tslng 1644- MANES 3d cent. MANETH0 3d cent. B.c MANN, Horace 1796-1859 MARCUS AURELIUS MARGARET 1353-1412 MARGARET OF ANJ0U 1429 1482 MARIA THERESA 1717-1780 MARIE ANTOINETTE 1755-1793 MARIOTTE. Ed me' -1684 MARIUS, Calus 157-86 b.c MARK ANTONY MARLBOROUGH. Duke of 1650-1722 MARSHALL. John 1755-1835 MARTEL. Charles MARX, Karl 1818-1883 MARY I. 1516-1558 MARY II. (Wm. & Mary) 1662-1694 MARY STUART 1542-1587 MATHER. Cotton 1663-1728 MAXIMILIAN I. 1459-1519 MAX-MULLER, F. 1823-1900 MAXWELL. J. Clerk— 1831-1879 MAZARIN, Jules 1602-1661 English historian King of Scotland, 1040 Judah, 175-164 B.C. Leader of the Jews Scotch. Canadian statesman Florentine statesman Irish-American. Mining, etc., etc. American. Pres't of U. S., 1897 Scotch. Lecturer, etc. General. Pres't of France, 1873 Roman. Patron of literature Portuguese navigator for Spain See Mohammed Second wife of Louis XIV English. Social economist King of Judah, 697 b.c. [Manicheans Persian. Founder of the sect oi Egyptian historian American educator See Aurelius [Sweden, 138S Queen of Denmark, Norway and Queen of England, 1445 [1740 Sovereign of the Austrian dominions Daughterof Maria Theresa. Queen [of France, 1774 French physicist Roman general See Antony English general Chief Justice of the U. S., 1801-35 See Charles Martel German. Socialist Queen of England, 1553 Queen of England, 1689 Queen of Scots American theologian Emperor of Germany, 1493 German-English. Philologist Scotch. Electrical theories [XIV. France. Prime minister of Louis 47 MAZZINI. Giuseppe MEDICI, Cosmo MEDICI, Lorenzo de' MEISSONIER MELANCHTHON. Philipp 1497-1560 MENCIUS «h cent. B.C. MENOELSSOHN-BARTHOLOY 1809-1847 METTERNICH MEYERBEER MICHAEL ANGELO MILL. John Stuart MILTIADES MILTON. John MING DYNASTY MIRABEAU FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY 1808-1872 Italian Patriot 1389-1463 Florentine statesman 1449-1492 Head of the Florentine state, 1469 1815-1891 French painter German reformer Chinese philosopher German composer Austrian statesman German composer Italian painter English. Philosophical writings Athenian general English poet 1773-1859 1791-1864 1475-1564 1806-1873 -489 B.o. 1608-1674 1368- 1749-1791 IVIITHRI DATES, (the Great) 132-63 B.C. MOHAMMED MOHAMMED II. MOLIERE MOLTKE. Count Von MOMMSEN. Theodor MONG orMONGOLDYNASTY MONK. George MONTAGU, Lady M. W. MONTAIGNE MONTESQUIEU MONTEZUMA II. MONTFORT, Simon do MONTFORT, Simon de MOORE, Thomas MORE. Sir Thomas MORGAN. J. P. MORSE, S. F. B. MORTIMER. Roger MOSES MOZART, Wolfgang MUNGO PARK MURAT, Joachim MURILLO French statesman and revolutionist King of Pontus, 120 B.C. 570-632 Arabian. Founder of Islam 1430-1481 Turkish sultan, 1451 1622-1673 French writer of comedy 1800-1891 German strategist IS 17- German. Historian of Rome Established 1280 1608-1670 English. Army and navy commander 1690-1762 English authoress, etc. 1533-1592 French essayist 1689-1755 French author Emperor of Mexico, 1502 -1218 French commander in crusade [against the Albigenes -1265 Leader of the English barons against [Henry III. 1779-1852 Irish. Poet 1480-1535 English statesman 1837- American. Financial organizer 1791-1872 American. Inventor of the electric [telegraph -1330 English. Favorite of Isabella 1571-1451 B.C. Lawgiver of the Jews 1756-1791 German composer See Park 1771-1815 French. King of Naples, 1808 1618-1682 Spanish painter NAPIER. John 1550-1617 NAPOLEON NARSES -568 NEBUCHADNEZZAR -561 b.c NECH0 -595 B.c NECKER. Jacques 1732-l*oi NELSON, Horatio 1758-1805 NERO, (the General) NERO 37-68 NERVA 32-98 NEWMAN, John Henry 1801-1890 NEWTON, Sir Isaac 1642-1727 NEY, ■Marshal" 1769-1815 NICHOLAS l„ (the Great) -867 NICHOLAS 1. 1796-1855 NICHOLAS. Saint 300 NIEBUHR. B. G. 1776-1831 NIGHTINGALE. Florence 1820- NORTH. Frederick 1733-1792 Scotch. Mathematician See Bonaparte Byzantine general King of Babylonia, 605 B.C. King of Egypt, 610 B.C. French minister of finance under [Louis XVI. English admiral Roman consul, 207 B.C. Roman emperor, 54 Roman emperor, 96 [dinal English clergyman and Roman car- English natural philosopher French. General Pope, 858 Czar of Russia, 1825 Asia Minor. Patron of Russia Denmark. Historian English philanthropist and nurse English. Premier, 1770 O'CONNELL, Daniel 1775-1847 O'CONOR, Charles 1804-1884 0CTAVIUS 0D0ACER -493 OMAR 1. 581-644 Irish political agitator American lawyer See Augustus King of Italy, 476 Arabian. Caliph, 634 48 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY OMAR KHAYYAM -1124 Persian poet, etc. ONIAS 1. High priest of the Jews, 320 B.C. ORIGEN 185-254 Greek father of the Church OSMAN See Othman OTHMAN OTHMAN lOsmani -656 1259*1326 Arabian. Caliph, 644 [1299 Founder of the Ottoman Empire, OTHO 1. 912-973 King of Germany, 936. Emperor, [962 King of Bohemia, 1253 OTTOCAR II. -1278 OVID 43B.C-18A.D. Latin poet PAGANINI. Nlccolo PAINE. Thomas PALEY. William PALISSY. Bernard PALMERSTON. Viscount PAPINIAN PARK. Mungo PARRHASIUS PASCAL. Blaise PASTEUR. Louis PATRICK, Saint PAUL, Saint PAUL PEABODY, George PEDRO II. PEEL, Sir Robt. PELAGIUS PENN, William PEPIN THE SHORT PERICLES PERRY, Oliver H. PETER THE GREAT PETER THE HERMIT PETER, Saint PETRARCH PHIDIAS 1784-1840 Italian violinist 1737-1809 English-American radical writer 1743-1805 English. Natural theology 1510-1589 French potter 1784-1865 English statesman 140-212 Roman jurist 1771-1806 Scotch. African explorer 4th cent. B.C. Greek painter 1G23-1662 French author and mathematician 1822-1895 French. Discoveries concerning [bacteria 5th cent. "Apostle of Ireland" See Saul of Tarsus 1754-1801 Czar of Russia, 1790 179.3-1869 American. Philanthropist 1825-1891 Emperor of Brazil, 1831 1788-1850 English statesman [heresy -430 ? British. Founder of the Pelagian 1644-1718 English. Founder of Pennsylvania -768 First king of the Franks, 751 495-429 B.C. Athenian statesman 1785-1819 American naval officer 1672-1725 Czar of Russia, 1682 -1115 French. Crusader See Simon 1304-1374 Italian writer of sonnets 490-432 B.C. Athenian. Famous statues PHILIP II. PHILIP II. PHILIP IV. PHILIP II. PHILIPPE. Louis PHILLIPS, Wendell PHIL0. Judaeus PINDAR PISISTRATUS PITT. William PIUS IX. PIZARR0. Francisco PLATO PLINY, the Elder PLINY, the Younger PLUTARCH P0E. Edgar Allan POLO. Marco P0LYGN0TUS POMPADOUR. Marquise de P0MPEY, Cneius PONCE DE LEON PONTIUS PILATE POPE. Alexander P0RUS P0TIPHAR PRAXITELES PRESC0TT, Wm. H. PR0BUS PSAMMETICHUS I. PTOLEMY S0TER PTOLEMY PHILADELPHUS PTOLEMY. Claudius PYRRHUS PYTHAGORAS 382-336 B.C. 1165-1223 1268-1314 1527-1598 1811-1884 1st sent. 520-440B.C. -527 170S-1778 1792-1878 1471-1541 429-348 B.C. 23-79 61-113 46-120 1809 1849 1254-1324 5th cent. b.c. 1721 1761 106-48 B.C. 1460-1521 -38 1688-1744 -317 B.C. 4th cent. b.o. 1796-1859 -282 -283 B.C. -217 B.C. 2nd cent. -272 B.C. 580-497 B.C. King of Macedon, 359 B.C. King of France, 1180 King of France, 1285 King of Spain, 1555 See Louis Philippe American orator and abolitionist Alexandrian. Jewish religious phi- losopher Theban lyric poet Tyrant of Athens English statesman Pope, 1846 Spaniard. Conqueror of Peru Greek philosopher Roman naturalist Roman writer Greek biographer American author Venetian traveler Greek painter French. Ambitious Court lady Roman general [1512 Spaniard. Discoverer of Florida, Roman governor of Judea English poet King in India Egypt. 1728 B.C. Greek sculptor American historian Roman emperor, 276 Egypt. King, 666-610B.C. Founder of the Greek dynasty in [Egypt. King of Egypt, 285 B.C. Graeco-Egyptian astronomer King of Epirus Greek philosopher QUINTILLIAN. M. Fablus 35-100 Spanish. Roman rhetorician 49 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY RABELAIS. Francois RACHEL RACINE. Jean RALEIGH. Sir Walter .RAMESES THE GREAT RAMESES III. RAPHAEL REGULUS REMBRANDT. Paul RENAN RENE THE GOOD REYNOLDS. Sir Joshua RHODES, Cecil RICARDO. David RICHARD I. RICHARD III. RICHELIEU RIDLEY. Nicholas RIENZI. Cola di RISTCRI. Adelaide ROBESPIERRE ROCKEFELLER. John D. RODERIC ROEBLING. John A. ROLLO ROMILLY, Sir Samuel ROSS. Sir John ROSSINI ROTHSCHILD. Meyer A. ROUSSEAU. Jean J. ROWLAND. Henry A. RUBENS. Peter Paul RUBENSTEIN. Anton RUDOLPH OF HAPSBURG RURIK RUTH At Bethlehem, RUYTER, M. A. de 1483-1553 French author 1821-1858 French actress 1639-1G99 French tragic poet 1552-1G18 English courtier 14th cent. b.c. King of Egypt, 1300 b.c. King of Egypt, 1200 B.C. 1483-1520 Italian painter 3d cent. b.c. Roman general 1GU7-1G09 Dutch painter 1823-1892 French author 1409-1480 "King of Naples," 1435 1723-1792 English painter 1853-1902 English. So. African statesman, etc. 1772-1823 English political economist 1157-1199 King of England, 1189 1452-1485 King of England, 1483 [XIII. 1585-1G42 Franch. Tiime minister of Louis -1555 Bishop of London 1312-1354 Roman popular leader 1821- Italian actress 1758-1794 French revolutionist 1839- American. Oil -711 Last Vislgothic king of Spain 1806-1869 Prussian. American engineer -931 Norwegian viking 1757-1818 English. Lawyer and philanthropist 1777-1856 British arctic explorer 1792-18G8 Italian composer 1743-1812 German-Jewish banker 1712-1778 French author 1848-1901 American physicist 1577-1640 Flemish painter 1830-1894 Russian pianist and composer 1218-1291 Emperor of Germany, 1273 -879 Founded the first Russian Empire 1312 B.C. An ancestor of David 1607-1676 Dutch admiral SACHS. Hans 1494-1576 SAGE. Russell 1816- SAINT-GAUDENS, Augustus 1848- SAINT-SIM0N 1760-1825 SALADIN 1137-1193 SALISBURY. Marquis ol 1830- [tor SALLUST 8G-34B.C. SALVINI 1830- SAMSON -1116 B.C SAMUEL -1058 B.C SANCHO THE GREAT -1035 SANTA ANNA 1797 1876 SAPOR 1. -271 SAPPHO 600 B.C. SARDANAPALUS -G26B.C. SARGON -7(i5 B.C. SAUL -1055 B.c SAUL OF TARSUS -G4 ? SAVONAROLA 1452-1498 SCHILLER 1759-1805 SCHLEGEL. F. von 1772-1829 SCHOPENHAUER. Arthur 1788-1860 SCHUMANN, Robert 1810-1N5C SCHWAB. Charies M. 1862- SCIP10 AFRICANUS 234-183 B.C. SCOTT, Sir Walter 1771-1832 SCOTT. Winfield 1786-1866 SELEUCUS. Nlcator 358-280b.c. SELKIRK, Alexander 1676-1721 SEMMES. Raphael 1809-1877 SENECA. Lucius A. -65 SENNACHERIB -681B.C. SEVERUS. Seplimlus -211 SEWARD. Wm. Henry 1801-1872 SHAKESPEARE. William 1564-1616 SHALMANESER I. 14th cent. B.C. SHALMANESER II. SHELLEY, Percy B. 1792-1822 SHERIDAN. Philip H. 1831-1888 SHERIDAN. Richard B. 1751-1816 German poet American. Financier and specula- Irish. American sculptor French socialist Turk. Sultan of Egypt, 1171 English statesman Roman historian Italian. Actor Judge of Israel, 1137-1117 B.C. Judge of Israel, 1117-1095 B.C. King of Navarre and Castile Pres't and dictator of Mexico, 1833 King of Persia, 242 Greek poetess King of Assyria, G68 B.C. King of Assyria, 722 B.C. First king of Israel, 1095 B.C. Apostle of the Gentiles Italian monk [torian German poet, dramatist and his- German. Literature German. Pessimist philosopher German composer American. Pres't of U. S. Steel Co. Roman general Scottish poet and novelist American general Macedonian general Sci 'I tish sailor. "Robinson Crusoe" American. Confederate naval com- [inander Roman philosopher King of Assyria, 705 B.C. Roman emperor, 193 American statesman English dramatist Assyrian king Assyrian king, 8G0 B.C. English poet American general Irish. Statesman and dramatist 50 FAMOUS CHAEACTEES IN HISTOET SHERMAN. Wm. T. SHESHONK (Shlshak) SIDDONS. Sarah SIDNEY. Sir Philip SIGISMUND SIGISMUND I. SILLIMAN. Ben). SIMON. (St.) PETER SMITH. Adam SMITH. Joseph SMITH. Sidney SOBIESKI. John SOCRATES SOLOMON SOLON SOLYMAN I. or II. SOMERVILLE. Mary SOPHOCLES SPARTACUS SPENCER. Herbert SPENSER. Edmund SPINOLA SPINOZA, Baruch SPURGEON. Charles H. STAEL. De. Mme. STANLEY, Henry M. STEIN STEPHEN I. STEPHENSON. George STEPHENSON, Robert 1820-1891 10th cent. b.c. 1755-1831 1554-1586 1368-1437 -1548 1779-1864 -65 1723-1790 1805-1844 1771-1845 -1696 470-399 B.C. 1033-975 B.C. 638-559 B.C. 1495-1566 1780-1872 495-406 B.C. -71 B.C. 1820- 1553-1599 1569-1630 1632-1677 1834-1892 1766-1817 1841- 1757-1831 -1038 1781-1848 1803-1859 STEVENSON. Robert Louis 1850-1894 STEWART. A. T. 1803-1876 STORY. Joseph 1779-1815 STRABO 64b.c.-24a.d. STRADIVARI, Antonio 1649-1737 SULLA. Lucius C. 138-78 B.C. SULLY 1560-1641 SUMNER. Charles 1811-1874 SWEDENBORG. Emanuel 1688-1772 SWEYN -1014 American general King of Egypt English actress English author and soldier Emperor ot Germany, 1411 King of Poland, 1506 American physicist One of the twelve apostles Scottish political economist .American. Founder of the Mor- [mons English clergyman, wit, etc. King of Poland, 1674 Athenian philosopher King of Israel, 1015 B.C. Athenian lawgiver Turkish sultan, 1520 Scotch. Mathematician and scientist Greek tragic poet Leader of Roman slaves, 73 B.C. English philosopher English poet Italian-Spanish general Dutch-Jewish philosopher English preacher French authoress Wales. African explorer Prussian statesman King of Hungary. 997 [tive English. Perfeetor of the locomo- English engineer Scotch. Author Irish-American. Merchant American jurist Greek geographer Italian violin maker Roman general and dictator French. Minister of Henry IV. American statesman and abolition- fist Swedish philosopher and theoso- [phist King of Denmark, 985-of Eng. 1013 SWIFT. Jonathan 1667-1745 Irish. Political writer and satirist SYLVESTER II. 940-1003 Pope, 999 TACITUS. Caius C. -117 TALLEYRAND. Chas. M. 1754-1838 TAMERLANE 1336-1405 TANG DYNASTY 618- Roman historian French diplomatist Mongol conqueror Chinese empire again consolidated Golden age of Chinese literature 1544-1595 1809-1892 2d cent. 1811-1863 TARQUIN THE PROUD TASS0. Torquato TENNYSON. Alfred TERTULLIAN THACKERAY. Wm. M. THALES THEMIST0CLES THEODERIC THE GREAT THE0D0SIUS THE GREAT 346-395 THIERS. L. A. 17'.i7-ls77 THOMAS A' KEMPIS 1380-1471 THOMAS AQUINAS. Saint THOMAS BECKET THOMSON. Sir William TH0REAU. Henry D. TH0RWALSDEN. Bertel TH0THMES III. THUCYDIDES TIBERIUS TIGLATH-PILESER II. TILLY. Johann T. TITIAN 1477-1576 TITUS 40-81 TOLSTOI, Leo 1828- TRAJAN 52-117 TSIN DYNASTY 255 B.C. TURENNE 1611-1675 TURG0T. Robt. J. 1727-1781 TURNER. Joseph M. W 1775-1851 TYNDALE. Wm. 1484-1536 Last king of Rome, about 530 B.C. Italian poet English poet Latin father of the Church English novelist 640-546 B.C. Greek philosopher -460 B.C. Athenianstatesmanand commander -526 King of Ostrogoths, 475 Roman emperor of the East, 379 French statesman and historian German. Writer and monk !>•'>' Aquinas See Becket Irish. Physicist American author and naturalist Danish sculptor 16th cent. B.C. King of Egypt 471-400 B.C. Athenian historian 42b.c.-37a.d. Roman emperor, 14 a. d. -727 B.C. King of Assyria, 745 B.C. 1559-1632 Roman emperor, 79 Russian novelist, reformer, etc. Roman emperor, 98 French. Marshal [omist French controller-general and econ- 1824- 1817-1862 1770-1844 French. General in the Thirty [Years' War. Italian painter English painter [lator English reformer and biblical trans- 51 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY ULFILAS 311-381 Gothic biblical translator URBAN II. -1099 Rope, 1088 USHER, James 1580-1656 Irish. Biblical chronologist VALENS -378 VALENTINIAN 1. 321-375 VANDERBILT. Cornelius 1794-1877 VANDYKE. Sir Anthony 1599- It; 11 VARRO. Marcus T. 116-28 B.C VARUS, Publius Q. -9 VELASQUES 1599-1660 VASA VERDI. Giuseppe 1814-1901 VERNE. Jules 1828- VESPASIAN 9-79 VESPUCCI. Amerigo 1451-1512 VICO. Giovanni B. 1668-1744 VICTOR EMANUEL 1820-1878 VICTORIA 1819-1901 VINCI. Leonardo da 1452-1519 VIRCHOW, Rudoll 1821-1902 VIRGIL 70-19 B.c VLADIMIR THE GREAT -1015 VOLTAIRE 1694-1778 Emperor of the East, 3G4 Emperor of the West, 364 American. Pioneer of R. R. con- solidation Flemish painter Roman scholar and author Roman general and consul Spanish painter (See Gustavus Vasaj Italian composer French author Roman emperor, 69 Italian navigator Italian. Founder of the philosophy [of history King of Italy, 1861 Queen of Great Britain, 1837 Italian painter and sculptor German physiologist, etc. Latin poet Russia. Great Duke, 980 French poet and philosopher WAGNER, Richard 1813-1883 WALLACE, Sir William 1274-1305 WALLENSTEIN 1583-1634 WALP0LE, Sir Robert 1C76-1745 WANAMAKER. John 1837- WARWICK. Earl oi -1471 WASHINGTON. George 1732-1799 WATT. James 1736-1819 WATTS. Isaac 1674 -174s WAT TYLER -1381 WEBER. Karl M. von 1786-1826 WEBER. Wilhelm 1804-1891 WEBSTER, Daniel 1782-1852 WEBSTER. Noah 175S-1S43 WEDGWOOD. Josiah 1730-1793 WELLINGTON. Duke of 1769-1852 WESLEY. John 1703-1791 WHEATST0NE. Sir Chas. 1802-1875 WHEWELL. William 1794-1866 WHITEFIELD. George 1714-1770 WHITNEY. Eli 17C5-1825 WHITTIER. John G. 1807-1892 WILBERF0RCE. William 1759-1833 WILLIAM THE CONQUEROR 1027-1087 WILLIAM III. (Prince of Orange)lG50-1702 WILLIAM I. 1797-1888 WILLIAM THE SILENT 1533-15S4 WILLIAMS. Roger 1599-1683 WINIFRED W0LSEY. Thos. 1471-1530 WORCESTER. Edward S. 1001-1667 WORDSWORTH. William 1770-1850 WREN. Sir Christopher 1632-1723 WYCLIFFE. John 1324-1384 German composer Scottisii patriot [Years' War Austrian general in the Thirty Prime minister of Great Britain, [1715 American merchant English. The "king-maker" Pres't of the TJ. S., 1789 Scotch. Perfector of the steam [engine English sacred poet, English rebel Austrian composer German physicist American statesman and orator American lexicographer English potter Irish. British general English. Founder of Methodism English physicist English philosopher and scientist English. Founder of Calvinistic [Methodism American. Inventor of the cotton [gin American poet English. Abolition of slave trade King of England, 1066 King of Great Britain, 1689 King of Prussia, 1861. Emperor [of Germany, 1871 Founder of the Dutch Republic Wales. Founder of the colony of [Rhode Island See Boniface [VIII. English Cardinal, Minister of Henry English. Inventor of a steam [engine English poet English architect English religious reformer 52 FAMOUS CHARACTERS IN HISTORY XAVIER. Francis— (Saint) 1506-1552 Spanish. Jesuit missionary XEN0PH0N -350b. o. Athenian writer XERXES -465 B.C. King of Persia, 486 B.C. XIMENES. Francisco 1437-1517 Spanish prelate and statesman YANG-KIAN He united the Chinese Empire, 590 YAOU Time of Abraham. ? Charlemagne of the East ZENO 500 b.o. Greek philosopher ZEN0 342-270 b.o. Founder of the Stoie philosophy ZENO -491 Roman emperor of the East, 474 ZEN0BIA Queen of Palmyra, 266 ZEUXIS 400 B.C. Greek painter ZIMISCES, John -976 Byzantine emperor, 969 ZOROASTER 10th cent. B.C.? Founder of the Persian religion ZWINGLI, Ulrlc 1484-1531 Swiss reformer OCT 6 iS«H