F 472 .C3 B4 Copy 1 SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY BY OVID BELL EDITOR OF THE FULTON GAZETTE Published in the History of Northeast Missouri, lidited by Walter Williams 1 : 'V SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY The Kingdom of Callaway, as Callaway County has been call- ed since the Civil War. boasts of the patriotism and moral and mental fibre of its citizens. Whenever duty has called — whether to war, or statecraft, or hard and earnest labor — the men and women of Callaway have responded willingly and gladly. The first settlers came principally from Virginia and Kentucky, de- scendants of the hand who Rarely hating ease, Yet rode with Spotswood 'round the land, ■ i Raleigh 'round the seas. Their sons and daughters have inherited the land they -ruled. and though horn with the pioneer instinct, have remained in the county of their birth and given its citizenship stability and worth. The manner-, customs and traditions of the pioneers have hern handed down through succeeding generations, and though there have been several periods of extensive immigration into the county from other sections, life in the county remain- true to the kindly, helpful, neighborly way- of the father- from th< I)' ^minion and the Blue Grass State. The first settlement <'\ white men in the county was at I San- Dessein, where in 1808 a few French trader- estab lished a village and buill a fort. The historian Rose, who was not always accurate, says the settlement was founded before 1800, hut cites nothing to prove his statement, while Henry M. Brackenridge, who visited it in 1811, says the village was aboul three years old at the time of hi- vi The history of the • Bi ack< nrld autlful i situated on ili.' northeast side of the river, and in Blghl <<( thi li win in " and r n illi v <>f ili.' surroui ■ Nv ii i, Nssourl, imt n is handsomi ly ■i.l. Tills v. I. .1 i -I thirty mil. mi ti !■ 'i' 1 ■ ■ ' rcum- 1 SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY Lewis and Clark expedition (1804-06) does not speak of Cote Sans Dessein, presumably ' it did n at that time,* while the Rev. John Mason Peck positively fixes the date as ants of land in the county were made as early as 1800, how- ever, for in that year Baptiste Duchoquette, of the city of St. Louis, obtained a grant of four thousand arpens from Spain, the on being known even m \v a- Survey No. 1^.">T. Cote San> in was buill on the land granted to Duchoquette. Cote Sans Dessein has ceased to exist, even the po-toffice having been discontinued. 'The hill on which it was located re- mains, hut the river has encroached on the surrounding ground and washed away the old grave yard, while all of the build that stood in the original settlement have rotted down. The name has hcen given to the township in which the settlement was located, and in that way it will he preserved. Cote Sans Dessein was the fii chosen for the state capital by the commissioners appointed by the General Assembly to select a place for the permanent -cat of government. The statute appointing the commissioners required that the capital should he located within forty miles ><\ the mouth of the < >sage detached tun filled with lira landing on the ■ •f tin- river, aboul 600 yards long, ami very narrow. Tin- village bed aboul i hree yea rs; there are 1 1 families ami two or three Indians. They have handsome fields in the prairies, hut thi pari of their time is Bpenl in hunting. their eager Inquiries after merchandise, I perceived \\ ■ ready Journal >>f Friday, April L2, 1811. ••1* Louisiana," p. "" Switzler, in his "History "f M - louri" (p. 176), said: '•' M was once a village "f i Importance, contained a small block house, and during the War of 1812 was thi Bome fought battles with the Indians, in which were exhibited many "f woman's bra very a mi del The nam.- <',, "hill without design." • t l I he l.' wis and print, vol. I, p. ho tells of the explorers camping at the mouth <>f the i the nlghl of June I, 11 day in the vicinity "for the purpose of mail ng i i observal OUth Of thi "At a short ili from it I- commanding position, whenc< a dellght- fnl pi "high, commanding position" undoubt- futun i the return trip ■pent tin- night of September 19, 1806, at the mouth of the • SIIokt HISTORY OF < \I1.\WAV COUNTY River, and also provided that the commissioners should hold their first meeting at Cote Sans Dessein on the first Monday in .May, 1821. The records of the meeting of the commi have been destroyed and the fact cannot be ascertained, but it is be lieved that they selected Cote San- Dessein for the capital at that meeting. It is known that after Cote Sans Dessein had been selected a question concerning the title to the land was raised, and that then Jefferson City was chosen. An act of the third General Assembly required the commissioners to meet a second time at Cote San- Dessein on September 1">. 1821, to complete their work, and this second meeting probably was held after the question of title came up. Daniel Boone is credited with having crossed Callaway County in 1808 in company with Captain Clemson, who was on his way ablish Fort < >sage. Until a few war- ago an oak tree stood on Nine Mile Prairie on which was inscribed, "D. B., l. s, is." and local tradition says that the letters and figures were carved by Boone. Seven years after that time Col. Nathan Boone, a of Daniel Boone, surveyed the Boone's Lick Trail from St. Charles to Old Franklin, directly across Callaway County; and the following lonel Boone, with Joseph Evans, began a survey of the county, which was completed in L817. Uncertainty exists concerning who was the first permanent American settler. Campbell ("Gazateer of Missouri," p. '.Hi and Rose ("Pioneer Families of Missouri," p. 265) accord the distinction to the Rev. John Ham, a Methodist minister, and fonathan ("row, who built hark cabins on Auxvasse Creek, about tm mile- southeast of Fulton, in the fall of 1815. In a brief -ketch of James and John Estens, (probabl) Rose (p. 328") says they came to Callaway County in 1sK> ami also were the first American while in still another sketch (p. 384) he says \-a William-, of Cote San- Dessein, settled here in the spring -i.'». which, if true, probably would make him tin- first \mer- ican settler. Mam'- Prairie was named for Nam. and Crow's ek for Crow. During the nexl few n few other SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY American settlers came to the county, and by the fall of L811 a number of families were established in the district which now comprises Callaway County. Capt. Patrick Ewing, ui Virginia, who later was the second sheriff of Callaway Count)-, built the first residence in the coun- ty outside the village of Cote Satis Dessein in January, 1816. It was located a short distance northwest of the present town of Mokane. Aaron Watson located on the Lioone's Lick Trail in the spring of 1816, and about the same tune James \ an Dibber, oi Kentucky, j settled on Auxvasse Creek, near the present Cross-State Highway crossing. Immigration into the county was heavy during the next two or three years, and by tbe time • Campbell's "Gazateer of Missouri,'' i>. : were, in ;unl □ Bein, J' mi Baptlste, Francois, Joseph and Louis i. tisti Graza, Francois Tyon, Baptlste and Louis a, [Francis] Lino LErno], Louis Labras, Liouis Vincennes, Nicholas Foy and Louis Lap tan t, French Catholics; Patrick Ewing, Asa Williams, Thomas Smith, Jonathan Rams< Evans. Further north were John Ham, Jonathan Crow, Rev. William I Thomas Kitching, William Pratt, Joseph Callaway, John Ward, Watson, Felix Brown ana John French." Instead oi living north of Cote Sat iwever, the Ameri- cans lived northeast -some mar the present town "i Mokane, and ats's Pral Jonathan Ramsey, mentioned above, was ;t member "f thi framed tli«' Brst constitution of MIsbi I i om Montgomei j County, <'i w I .. as i ben a part, i le was th ed in ii. i y until Jane, was the wife of Robert Swing and the motl eral of M Issouri fi om 1873 to i • ! 1 1 ble thai Minerva daughter of James Nan Bibber, and (the lattei a granddaughter >>r Daniel Boone), was the : child born In Callawaj County. Efforts made by the ne who was Dorn earlier have failed. SI ol \\ iiiiam .1. I M\ Is, of I !oa ' lampbell la the old( woman born in Callaway County. ■ . i i iii ' .- ordlng i... i n in Februarj . 1818. Mr. i ■ irt, of i probably Bhe was the ,i born In th< count) Mr. Burt lives on the farm on ■ ou n t y. His mo t hei ; i tanlel ; .Hid. with his brother, John Burt, i mm in this part of th< Montgomerj County. , built ti • Counts for Neal Cal- b on An Ing. SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY the State was admitted into the Union, the county was quite generally settled. [ohn S. Ferguson, of Kentucky, who settled near Cote Sans Dessein in the fall of L817, is credited with having built the first mill in the county in the spring of 1818. Previous to that time meal and flour were obtained in St. Charles County, or ground by the settlers by hand. Henry May, who located on May's Prairie, southwesl of Fulton, in the fall of L818, soon afterward built an- other mill and also established a race track. John Phillips, who settled on Crow'- Fork (.'reek, east and south of Fulton, in 1817, built a still house and made whiskey a short time after coming to the county. Benjamin and James Goodrich, who settled on Auxvasse ('reek, near the present Berry ford bridge, in L817, built both a horse mill and distillery. Even before Missouri became a state, Callaway County was organized out of territory that had previously belonged to Monl ry County. It i- one "\ the three counties that can claim the distinction of being the twenty-third organized in the S for Callaway, and Saline each came into existence on November 25, 1820. The county was named for ('apt. James Callaway, who was killed by Indians on March 7, 1815, while crossing a ford on Loutre ("reek, about two miles below Mineola Springs, Montgomery County, where, a year later, [saac Van Bibtx 1 his famous tavern. The first officials of the county were appointed by Alexander McNair, firsl governor of Missouri. Judge Irvine ( >. Hock- aday,* founder of a distinguished Missouri family, came from Winchester, Kv.. to become clerk of the circuit and county courts • Judge i ■ i Hockaday w I th< r "f , of Fulton, who was attori ourl from 1876 ■ ami I n \. i |,,,i born on Hockaday Hill, Ful- v ..f Fulton nd In ber of thi il lowed to Itutlonal ■'■-■■ He waa graduati d from In the d< - only child, kaday, II SI CALLAWAY COUNTY and to act a-; treasurer, and W'ynkoop Warner, of Nine Mile Prairie Township, was sheriff and acting collector. The county court was composed of Benjamin Young,* Stephen C. Dorris Israel B. Grant.f Robert Criswell was appointed assessor by the county court, and David Sterigere was recommended by the court to Governor McNair for appointment as surveyor, and later was commissioned by the governor. The first session of the circuit court was held on February 5, 1821, at the tavern of Henry Brite, at the northwest corner of Ham's Prairie, about one-half mile northwest of the present vil- of that name. Rufus Pettibone, of St. Charles, afterward a member of the State Supreme Court, presided, holding his com- mission from Governor McNair. The grand jury called for that term of court was the first to meet in the county and was com- posed of James Van Bibber, Samuel Miller, James Guthridge, Patrick Ewing, Thomas Hornbuckle, Robert Craghead, Robert Criswell, Josiah Ramsey, Jr., Richard Humphreys, James Hen- derson, John Nevins, Arthur Xeal. Robert Read. William C James Langley, William II. Dunnica, John Gibson, William Hall, John Evins [Evans], Thomas Smith and Wharton Moore. Mr. Moore was foreman. The jury reported to the court that there was no business to come before it and was discharged. A week later, on February 12, L821, the county court m •After serving on the county court nearly ;i year, Jud and Samuel T. Moore, who lived <>n Ham's Prairie, and found) i- or one branch of the Moore family In Callaway County, \\:is ap- d take his place Judgi Fo lected a member <>f the tlnued in thai office until .1 member "f the Btate constitutional ■ of i • urdered bj i« :uieral Nature of the District of Louisiana," etc., vol. i. p. 679). The same statute appointed commissioners f to locate the county- Mai, and they subsequently -elected a site near Brite's tavern and named it Elizabeth,^ in honor of Brite's wife. Elizabeth re- • The figures <> in SHORT HISTORY 01 ( VLLAWAY COUNTY mained the county-seat until 1825, when, by authority of the General Assembly, the permanent seat of government was moved ilton, where it has since been located. During the years that Elizabeth was the county-seat Brite's tavern was used for a court house. The original town of Fulton* comprised 50 acres of land tirst county court, and Thomas Smith. The town was platted, lota Bold, and at least a jail built. The jail was burned shortly after it was ecords of the county n the nal town of Pulton at the southwest corner of th< ■ Bquare. The store at Elizabeth was the second In the county, the first i><- i ii m: located at Cote Sans Dessein and owned by Daniel Colgan, Jr Mr. Yates died In 1853. Dr Martin Yates, a Pulton physician, la his youngest son. •'I'ln- site of Pulton was selected by James Moss and James Mc- Clelland. ..f Boi ty, ami James Talbot, "f Monti County, appointed commissioners for that purpose by the <; ibly. They located tin- town Julj 29, 1825, and named it Volney, in l'r. nih Infidel. The countj court on the first day of August, following, changed the name to Pulton, in honor of Robert Pulton, in- r ef the Bteamboat. Robert Dunlap, who lived northeast of the town and was the founder of the Dunlap family in Callaway County, is credited with having proposed tin- nam. Pulton. When Mr. Nichols BOld tie- land mi which the town was located, In had no d his title from the government, ami was required by the < imissi.oi bond nf $6,000 that he would n d when he Becured title. ocument is still on file in the office of ■ County. Th. original town • many nf Bold for $1 apiece. Th< from tin- sale nf iota amounted altogethei The tit S e p 1 1 m l • • G Bei y, who died in 1 906 at thi who hud off tin- town nf Pulton. Mr ! ■ i :• ' ■ . ..r Kentucky, who si ned the bond of T i Hanks, mot her of Vbi • i Pulton tils ninety-fifth n t y. :T history ok CALLAWAY county 11 bought from George Nichols* for $50. The town was platted by Henry May. Ezra B. Sitton and Hans Patton, who were appoint- ed by the General Assembly as a commission to erect a court house and jail. The original town lay between Sixth and Firsl streets, north and south, and Bluff and Nichols streets, east and wot. A brick court house was built in Fulton in 182*3 28 liv S. J. Ferguson at a cost of $l,297,f and remained in use until 1856, when it was superseded by the present court house building. The structure was :'>•; feet square, two stories high, and had brick floors on the ground floor, making what was considered the finest court house west of the Mississippi River at that time. When the first court house was torn down. Daniel M. Tucker, who was then and for many years afterward a merchant in Fulton, bought tin 1 building for $400 and used the brick in erecting his dwelling, which stood at the head of Court Street until 1911, the year after his death. The presenl court house was erected by Alfred 1. Moore at a com of si 7,850. •Mr. Nichols w.-is ;i native of Loudon county, Virginia, and the founder of the Nichols family in Callaway County. He entered the land nn which tli'- original town "f Fulton was built in December, 1824, ana. contrary t<> mosl statements concernin on which the town was located. The lirst ho ■ ted within the : Fulton, though nol the first in the original town, was tin- log structure ho built in Wesl Fourth Street, n< corner of Jefferson, which stood until abi The writer remember ing it in 1885. It Is said thai Mr. Nichols had to Bend ten miles to men to help him "raise" the house Mr. Nichols was the grandfather of James Irvine Nichols, who. with Judgi - D. Thurmond, and Dr John Jay Rice, of the faculty of Westmln ilished The Fulton « iazette In 11 tory has been told thai used In building the tlrst court house was obtained from the forfeited bond of Hiram i. who was convicted In 1823 on a charge of I 'intr. The Is of the circuit court show that after his conviction Bryanl bond himself f ml his brother, William Bryant, additional bond for the same amount. Tlv records show that judgment On the hoii. Is '.■ 'ill, hut do nol show that the judgment was mers who erected the court 1 in the s i me. t he r< cords are not After tl ' ernmenl from Elizabeth to Ful- ton ami b ' if th nn house, the courts of the net at the house "f Joseph T. Sitton, who is sn have per. L2 SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY The first minister to settle in the county was the Rev. John I Iain, who came in 1815. He was a Methodist, though two of rothers were ministers of the Baptist church. Next to come, probably, was the Rev. William Coats,* a Primitive Bap- Eor whom Coats's Prairie was named, and who settled here in 1817. Campbell (p. 98a) says that the Rev. James E. Welch and the- Rev. John M. Peck, both Baptists, preached in the coun- ty during the years 1817-18-19. The Rev. John Scrip] * K. S. Duncan in his "History of the Baptists in Missouri" (p. Bays: "As a member of the 'pion •!•■' of Baptist emigrants to William Coats well deserves a place In this chapter. i been a member of the Baptist denomination nearly twenty years came to Missouri, and a few years after this event in his life .•ame a Baptist minister. . . The flrst Baptist church in Calla- way County was formed at his home by Rev. Jamee E. Welch, in June [May], 1818. There was no pastor to pay them the usual 'monthly visits.' and the little Bock was greatly encouraged by the influei a and Smith, who kept up prayer meetings regularly in the community." Mr. Coats came to Missouri from Tennessee and died here in 1834 or 1835. Many of his descendants live in the county. . McAnally's "Methodism In Missouri" (pp. 207-8) quotes Scripps as follow.-: "The eastern extremity of my circuit was on the Monlteur Creek [Moniteau Creek, Howard County], from which eastwardly, Btill farther down, on the north side of the river, were several scattering the village of Cote Sans du Seln, a dlstai miles. To this I resolved to extend my labors, and renew my acquaint- \; I Evans, my fellow traveller to Vlncenn September, 1816. I preached Beveral times on my way down and form- ed a of thirtei n members on ( The villa Sans du Sein was populated principal^ ch Catholics, over whom puted Deist, was said to • \ at Influence, and II hi he would not suffer preaching then menl was m, . but l pressed on. i le cordis I d me, ob- i for me the ia iom In town to preach it!, and procured the abitants al preaching; nor did he ever seem to try in his efforts, althou nalned Irreligious. The place ippointmenl and a small eiass was formed thei >i Ramsey's settlement, about four miles higher up the her father-in-law. Mi - [Hannah] FergUBOn [mother of T. J on], and Brother Tom (the i principally wenl by), i Met hod tour in all. Joined thla ety tot in. d on i i ek was located In .ml it is e hat ii was in mil. B ith, In 181 8, a i d Mr John ( illmore, of thi ih> count Mr. Zumwall w That 1 ■ the natural thing would be for him to have i visit him and pr< ach at hi on of John 8. 1 • publish* d In The Fulton Gazette ol ■<> «h<> of William Nash the Al • mber, 1817. SHORT HISTORY OF ( VLLAWAY COUNTY L3 Methodist circuil rider, held services in the county in the sum- mer or fall of 1818 and probably was the first minister of hi nomination to visil Callaway County in a clerical capacity. "< >f the pioneer Christians," says Campbell (p. 98a), "perhaps Rev. David Kirkpatrick preached the first Presbyterian sermon ever delivered in the county [1823]." A Catholic mission which was established at Cote San- Dessein in lMii was the firsl religious organization in Callaway County. Probably before the mission was established the village was visit- ed hy the Rev. Fr. Joseph Dunand, a Cistercian priest who was stationed at St. Charles from L809 to 1815, for all of the inhabitants of the village were French Catholics from Canada. The Coir San- Dessein church was turned over to the Jesuits in . on their arrival in Missouri, and they retained charge of it at least until 1839. The organization passed out of existence many year- aj The first Protestant church in the county was Salem Primitive Baptist,+ located on Coat's Prairie, east of Reform, which was • This date was gotten from the Rev. John J m, archbishop of St. Louis, who, In a letter to the writi "From all accounts the on ;ii i' Sans Dessein was established In the year 1816. I thai ill" river swepl it away. A small church was bulll In the rariy days and 1 think some of the fixtures belonging t<> it are now with die Church at Bonnot's Mill, or at Westphalia, ■ From Tousand Foy, of Fulton, it is learned that at least Borne "f the ds "i" the church are at Westphalia, but efforts made '" gel In- forms tlon from 1 1 ■ I here falli 'l Ti ■ 'i to the Rev. Fr Lawrence .' Kenny, S J . St. Louis University, for the information cerning th< tion of the Jesuits with the church. St. Louis Uni- ts many r rds of early-day baptisms, marriages and di • in. :. S. Duncan in hi* "Hlstoi tlsts in Missouri" (p 149) "At tin' house "i William Coats, in what i Welch, thi if the Triennial < Jonvi n- ' lay. 181 - Church," with nine meml "f whom idenl men, fmmed nizal ion was completi d, the chip m the l" olemn • Ich In his of the W( Mils church, which urn .1 In D on." 1 I SIloRT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY organized May 31, 1818. \ substantial log house was built under tin- supervision of the Rev. William Coats, and the building was used lor religious and school purposes many years. Church ser- vices were held in it as late as 1880, and a few of the logs in the structure, though greatly decayed, are still on the ground. The cemetery adjoining the site of the old church probably is the oldest public burying ground in Callaway County. Miller's Creek Methodist Church,* organized in 1820 by the Rev. James Scott, of the Cedar Creek Circuit of the Missouri Conference, was the second Protestant church f in the county. A church house was not built until some time afterward, however, and services during the interim were laid at the house of Samuel and Polly Miller.^ •The "History of Callaway County" says the Aral Methodist church away County was organized in 1821 at tin- house "f K. M. i head, tour miles southwesl of Pulton. It was not the Bret church, how- ever, for Miller's Creek Church was first. Mrs. Margarel Nichols, "f Fulton, now 77 years old, who is a granddaughter of Mr. Craghead, Bays preaching services were held at tin- house "t' her grandfather until his death in 1857. Mrs. Nichols thinks the Pulton Methodist Church oi ranization effected In 1821. Mr. Craghead rani.' to Mis- Bouri from Franklin County, Virginia, in ims, and was the flrsi i head in the county. George Nichols, the husband of Mrs. Nichols, was the only Confederate killed al the Overton Run li^in. southwi ton, "it July 17, 1861. t Campbell (p. 98b) Bays: "At an early day Bouth of Millersburg, in tin- western i art <>f the county, lived Abraham Ellis, ami mar his oious camp ground thai witnessed the early so triumphs of Methodism." The camp i doubtless wei of tin iif«- of tin' Miller's Creek Church. Abraham Bills reared a fam- devoul Methodist children, oni ol whom Mrs T. B Bedsworth, of Pulton — is still living. 1 Ri ivs tiiat Mrs. Miller was the Aral Methodisl in Cal- laway County, ami givea the date "f her removal t<> the c The Aral Methodist, however, was the Rev. John Ham, who, possibly one "f tin- firal two American Bottlers in the •(mn'v. The Rev John Scri] rti t" Mel hodlsm . , n ami a t Ramaej 'a Bel t lemenl In t Mi Miller were the parents <>f tl Miller, i»|i, who attaint ' thodist minister born and reared In Callaway County He born January 1, iv.i. and after graduating from Philadelphia, and pracl edicine for a time, .1 t)i. ministry In 1858. Whlh paator of Columl i, Mo., he studied at and uated from th< n I var- sity. 1 1 • - <•( natural aclence at C 'ayette, Mo., ft "in i 870 untl I th< n pr< sld< . MO II- 'li' '1 in LOUiS^ illr. K> . 5H0B r HISTi ' " . i 'i l \l.r. \W.\Y COUNTY 1 ■"> ( »ld Cedar Primitive Baptisl Church, located west of the vil- lage of Stephens, was organized July 1 I, 1821, and Thomas Pey- ton Stephens' 1 was among its earl) | h is one of the three Primitive Baptisl organizations still maintained in the county, and among its members are grandchildren of it- firsl pasl The Cumberland Presbyterians were the third Protestant body to establish a church in the county. They organized Mew Providence, located al Guthrie, on October I. 1823, and the "History of Callaway County" (p. 521 | says the Rev. Roberl Sloan was instrumental in effecting the organization. The church has remained stedfast to it- original faith throughout all of the intervening years, and is one of the few churches of the denomination in Missouri which rejected union with the Presby- terian Church, U. S. A., in 1905. Middle River Primitive Baptist Church, in the southern | of the county, was organized in August, 1824, by the Rev. Wil- liam I nd Providence church of the same denomination, Ideated northeast of New Bloomfield, was organized in L826. Providence went over to the Missionary Baptists when division came, and the congregation now worships in a house in New Bloomfield. Old Au: i two miles north of Calwood, the mother islon, while i 'v church, Dr. Miller announced t<> \\\> he had something i them which he was ashamed their faces, and that h<- then turned ick and while looking at the wall, said thi he had to • Elder Stephens was born In North Carolina In 1787 He moved to Kentucky In 1816, and three years later bei member >>( the church, l! County In 1820, and the next with "his brotl h, William Edward Black and Abi ... with :i few sisters, org-anlzed Cedar ■ irch," 1 tuncan (p. 293). 1 ' r ""' md continued In the ministry until his death on April 2, onstltuent Mary K< la P. Tate, John H Ann n Hamllti . lecti ■' Tn " ' Robli •pi . n F. Cowan, D.D h ' 8 Afty- ■ ""- 16 SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY nf Presbyterianism in Callaway County, was organized on the thirty-first of May, L828. A few Presbyterian families settled in that part of the county in 1820, and after 1823 preaching services were held occasionally by itinerant ministers at the- homes of the settlers. A log house-, 20 by 26 feet in size, was "raised" on February L3, L826 — more than two years before the church or- ganization was perfected. In the middle of one side of the house was a door and opposite it was the pulpit and a window. Millersburg Presbyterian Church.* now known as White Cloud Presbyterian Church, which was organized November 26, 1831, was the second of that denomination in the county; and Concord, organized June 25, 1833, was the third. Antioch Christian Church,f three miles south of Williamsburg, organized in ( )ctober, 1828, was the parent church of the Disciples in the county. The second organization of the denomination was in Fulton. The Primitive Baptists were the first to organize a church in Fulton. The date has been lost, but it was some time prior to May 15, 1830, for on that day the church obtained title to the lot at the corner of East Sixth and Bluff streets on which the Fulton Negro Baptist Church stands. The church was organized at the house of James MeKinney. one of its first trustees, and was equalled west "f the Mississippi River. The church is one >>f th< prosperous rural co ons In the State and has services every Sunday. From it have sprung the churches ■ > f AuguBta, Auzvasse City, and Nine Mile. •The constituent members <>f Millersburg Presbyterian Church were: Matthew Culbert, Prudence Culbert, Amerger Lilly, Sarah P. Lilly, William Hamilton, Rebecca Hamilton, Joseph D. Hamilton, Jane B, Hamilton, Margaret w. Hamilton, Andrew W, Hamilton, Bliss Reed, John Robl on, Barber; S. Robison, and Mary [Swing. William P. Cochran wa tor "f the meeting at which Thi nam< of the church was changed to White Cloud in 1868. Mounl Olivet Presbyterian Church, Ju I i iiis church. i [istory of < '.e llaway I final members "f Antioch Church were Philip Love, Elisabeth Lo^ id an, Polly McMahai Duncan, Nancy D William i ■ kman, Mrs. ESnoch Fruit, v ■ ' [sham and John McMahan, -IImi; i HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY 11 named Liberty,* for one of his sons. The Rev. Theodrick Boul- vvare f was its first pastor and continued to serve the congregation until his removal to Kentucky in 1866. A $3,000 brick church In ni.se was erected in L833 34, and though it has undergone many alterations, is still used for religious purposes. The organization died oul before the beginning of the present century. The Methodists probably had the second religious organization in Fulton, their church dating from about 1833, though circuit- riders (among them the Rev. Andrew Monroe) of that denomina- tion visited the town a- early as 1828 and held services. The Disciples of Christ effected an organization in the count) between 1833 and L835, while the Presbyterians delayed their organization until June 1 1. 1835. Life in the county during its first year- was not unlike that elsewhere on the frontier of civilization. The men were n ami stalwart, the women strong and resourceful, and under their hands farm- were cleared of timber, settlements established, and highways opened. .Many of the pioneers were slave owners and brought their bondmen with them when they immigrated to the State, and until slavery was abolished, the institution was recogiz * The "i i nty" (p. 9 16 > sa 5 stituenl members of Liberty Church were Theodrick Boulwan fichols and wife, William Ficklin ana wife, William Mar- tin and wife, Benjamin Bailey ana wife, Samuel Martin ana wife, and R. Sheley ana wife. John Jameson l ana William Armstri trustees of the church In i- h th< y may not have been stituent members. .i<>lin Flcklin, deceased, a nephew of one of the charter member of the church, member. Ilder Boulware was born In i ember 13, He was ordained a minister of I Church In Kentucky In July. 1810, and preached In thai State until he moved to a farm lot two ana one-half miles north "f Fulton, in l'827 Hi bi gan i" preai soon as he arrived In Callaway, ana though the records have been lost ana the fa ; . it is probable hi d the Ful- ton (Libel m after his arrival. E ware was a mai mental attainments and uncompromising In hi tor of the on church until 1866, when, says Oum oath' and being threatened with Imprisonment [for pi li.- left Mis.--i.uri . . ana V ilh Ills d ■ Boulware was married I v of nine children. The last surviv of Fulton, now - old, the yi hlld, who, In his pi prominent criminal 18 SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY ed and accepted by the mosl influential men of the county. The county was an independent community, for besides the grain and tables required for food, the land grew the cotton which was needed to make the lighter clothing, while the farmers raised the -heep from which wool was gotten for the heavier clothing. Game was plentiful — even buffalo being seen at times — and such time as the settlers were nol employed at other pursuits they de- voted to the chase. Even the powder the settlers used was made in the county, as were the augers, the guns, the wagons, the hats, and the hoots and shoes. Indians had long since ceased to be a menace and the years were filled with a contentment such as only like communities know. Schools came early. Among the first, if nol the first, was taughl by Joseph James, four miles above Cote Sans Dessein i in the Ramsey settlement, probably), in the winter iA 1818-19, ac- cording to T. J. Ferguson, who has been previously quoted. An- other pioneer schoolmaster was "Peg-leg" David Dunlap, who taught in Fulton shortly after the town was laid out. The population increased rapidly, going from 1,79*3 by the state census in 1821, to 6,159 by the government census in 1830. growth in political prominence was equally rapid. Besides having a member of the first constitutional convention of the state (Jonathan Ramsey), it had a state senator (Benjamin Young), and later it furnished a speaker of the lower hous< the General Assembly (John Jameson) in L834 and 1836. It was Whig in its politics and remained so practically until the Civil War. though occasionally a Democrat succeeded in being elected to office. Notwithstanding its Whig tendencies, it always gave a majority to the county candidates for Congress. Thus Alberl < ',. Harrison,* who was elected representative in Congress in • Mi. Harrison was born In Mount Sterling, Ky., June 26, 1800. He • i Transylvania Un a law 1 hei • < Pulton In 1 B27, and i he m xl year Pr< Andr< • 'I him one of the visitors t<> attend the annual t Point Milltfl Mr. Han 1 Sep* temb He lived on the lull w ilton, near th< "f David Smith. Jilson P. Harrison, of Calwood, is tiis nephew. The family is not related i" the other Harrisons <>( the county. SHORT HISTORY 01 CALLAWAY COUNTY 19 as a Van Buren Democrat, got the hi: te given that year to any of the four candidates for Congress. Capt. John Jame- son/ another Democrat, who served three terms in Congress be- tween L839 ;mt"tuv in Fulton in 1826, and Mr. Harrison arrived and entered upon practice the following year. Both were m strong intellect and fit to lead at the bar and in public affair-. Mr. Jameson followed .Mr. Harrison in Congress, and was the man from Callaway County to serve in the federal legislature. The exacl facts concerning the establishment of the old towns of the county probably have been lost forever. Either Smith's Landing, located o resent town of Mokan Elizabeth, the first county-seat, was the next village after Sans Dessein. Thomas Smith settled on the ground on which Mokane is built in 1818, and soon afterward established a ceme- tery and boat landing. Samuel Ewing, his brother-in-law and the brother of Capt. Patrick Ewing, looked after his business al the Landing. The cemetery is -till u-vA as a burial place by the >f the early settlers. The village was known a Aubert for many yea Thomas Miller, who came to Callaway County from Kentucky in 1826, laid >>U the town of Millersburg, and named it for Mil- lersburg, Kv. The records of the county recorder'- office show of Millersburg was filed on October 15, 1829. It rank- next t( i Fulton in age. • i ■ ..f John Jameson I ol mery north of Pulton In bulll ■ a in ilu of Fulton. It Is s;ii>l thai Mr. ■ t the la i He was a membi r of thi of tln> Fulton Pi ■ ■ i wiili Senator Thomas Hai SIloUT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY Portland was laid off Septen bi r B, 1831, by Johri Yates, the Fulton merchant, and Eden Benson. Possibly the village was in existence al an earlier time. Later on Portland became second in importance only to Fulton, and at one time was its commercial rival. Located on the Missouri River, shipping to and from it was easy, and it became the trading point for a large section. It retained its importance as a tobacco market up to about 1885, when the culture of tobacco in the eastern part of the county be- came unprofitable. Williamsburg was laid off December 1. 1836, by B. < i. 1). Mox- and named for Harvey William.-, who was interested with him and a man named Compton in the town's first -tore. It is said that the town was founded two year- before it was laid off. Concord, which is not even a postoffice now. was laid off by John Henderson on May L8, 1837. Before the building of the Chicago and Alton Railroad it was the most important trading point in north Callaway. Two companies were furnished by the county in the Black I lawk Indian War. one going out under Capt. John Jameson, and the other under (apt. Patrick Ewing. They did duty alternately at Fori Pike, on the he- Moines River, just below Keokuk, [owa. Jameson's company left Fulton on July 1. 1832, and was awaj about -i\ weeks, while Ewing's company went out in August and was "ii duty even a shorter time. Neither company partici] in an engagement. The next war to which the county furnished men was that with Mexico. Company II of Doniphan's immortal expedition was organized in Callaway with ('apt. Charles B. Rodgei • Captain Ro rved In the Florida Seminole War under I was wounded in ' irm by an arrow al 1 1» « • batth orn in Halifax, Va . on Novembi -., v.tha Ward Overfell In Bedford County, nla, In 1828. With his family he moved t" Pulton In 1880, and a few • erward boughl and moved t" tin farm now owned by • the Fulton city limits. He died thei . buried in tii- Roi ground, eight mile* nnrtr I'niti m. His son, Charles Austin Rod under him in thi d In tin- Civil War w tain In the The fan Mi Ro< nd fiiut' di SHOB ! HIST IRY I i] CALLAWAY COUNTY 2 1 captain. The roster of the company contained 111 nai cording to Connelle liphan's Expedition" (pp. I. » The company left Fulton on June 1 I. L846, g 1 orl Leaven- worth, where it joined the remainder of the expedition, and then began upon the mi icular military exploit in the history of the United States. The company served throughout the cam- paign and was mustered out at New < >rleans on June 21, 1- The Banner of Liberty, established in Fulton in 1839 by War- ren Woodson, Jr., was the first newspaper* published in the coun- ty. The next year [saac Curd and William Henry Russell be- came editors of the paper and changed its name to Fulton Re- former. Then the name was changed to Western Star by W. A. irt, who remained in charge until 1843. Duncan & Goggin in 1845 named the paper Fulton Telegraph. •Though the county lias a number "f newspa this time, and id many which had brief careers, only two of her newspapers have raph is one and The Fulto Two men i>f special brillance hav< paper work real In the ish< il the Press in 1 868, i in C. Kouns, who published 1 1 1 . In F 'Ut 1871 from the ty, a n alii' a rid a wi from 1873 to - the M • 1 1 ■ • In Ra aunty about 1902. Mr. Provlnes wrote a small hand, but formed evi his style would be i-.-i lied w, for his day it could knew more about English compo: ever I n his I o know. Hi was tall, I knightly, and his old age, his lon« hair and beard were v< Kouns wa than Koui physicians of Fulton, and was born I ( nine- Latin h Fulton until nnlng nf the Civil War, when he joined many ■ 1 " \rins. try i if Hi. of ii that ii sho oliiM. now Mrs. Tl SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY The State Lunatic Asylum, now known a> State Hospital No. 1. was located in Fulton on July L3, 1847. An act of the General Assembly approved on February 16, 1847, provided for the estab- lishment of the institution, and for its location within the counties of I'.oone, Callaway, Chariton, Cole, Cooper. Howard, Moniteau and Saline. When the commissioners met at Boonville, bids from a number of counties were received, and the offer of ( way to give about 500 acres of land and $11,500 in money being considered the best, the institution was located here, The con tract for erecting the building was lei to Solomon Jenkins on April it;. 1849, for $47,450, and the building was opened and the first patient* received on December .. 1851. The first superin- tendent of the hospital was Dr. Turner R. II. Smith, t and the first treasurer Judge James S. Henderson.^ Charles 11. Ilanlin.§ •The first patient at the asylum was Thomas Green, who came from .Jackson County ami was discharged March 22, 1862. ll. i\ Hunter, of Callaway County, who was admitted December l, 1861, was thi ond patient. Charles H. Thorp, of Adair County, who was admitted October :'.i>, 1862, ami was ih' Blxty-third patient received, died at the institution on August 1. 1911. He was dismissed from the hospital four times, but each time had to be returned. More than 10,400 patients have been il the institution, while l.ioo are under treatment at this tinn. t With the exception of about seven years, Dr. Smith was Buperin- •it of the Fulton State Hospital from the time it opened until his death at the Institution on December 21, 1886, He was born in christian County, Kentucky, February 21, L820, ami was a practicing phyc at Columbia, Mo., when he was 21 years old, His wife was Mat;, i:.. eld- est sister of Governor Charles h. Hardin. Few men who have liv< Fulton have left Buch an impress upon the life of the town, and prob- ably note- lias been more universally loved. (Judge Henderson was a .-.hi of Daniel Henderson, who died July the Bei i person buried in <>id A.uxvass< Presby- Church cemetery, the first person buried in the cemetery being a child. Judge Henderson was a successful merchanl in Fulton from l B30 to 1842, when in- was elected count] treasurer, ami he held that • ■il until he became treasurer of the State Hospital. He continued urei "I Ho- hospital until iss:: Judg< Henderson assisted in Izlng the Fulton branch of the Western Bank of Missouri in 1867 ami became its cashier, continuing in the position until after the begin - [] War. when the bank went into liquidation The hank the first in Callaway County, ami the Callaway Bank "f Fulton its history hark to it. Judge Henderson lived many years in a hrlek house on the north Bide of the court house square in Fulton. His wife whs Emll hter of Jesse B i inddaughi ip died in Fulton in January, 1884. Of 1 he t w-' nty-t hfee ■ • I' 1 'a id il in tin active praot f law were spent in Fulton and here he mad. the ■.'". afterward governor of Missouri, was the first secretary of the board of managers, and held the position about ten years. The hospital was closed during part of the Civil War and the buildings and grounds were used for barracks by the Federal soldiers tioned in the county, and also for a military prison in which to confine disloyal ( !allawegians. I >ef< ire the Hospital for fnsane was opened, an act of the Gen- eral Assembly was approved on February 28, L851, establishing the Asylum for the Education of the Deaf and Dumb (now of- ficially designated The Missouri School for Deaf) and giving to it to acre- of ground and a two-story frame building that had belonged to the State Lunatic Asylum. The building was ! ed near the building now used by the State I [ospital as a cow barn, and there, on November 5, 1851, under the superintendenc Prof. William Dabney Kerr the first pupilf of the school was enrolled. In 185-1 the present site of the school was boughl and a building costing $28,000 The scl d during the i] ship tor him I, who al ■! i hlrty years In tin i Hardin loca ti d here In I from 1848 to 1( 1 1 1 ■ \\ I860 The mil it Ills death. Hi term born In T County, Kenl ucky, on July 16, i nd <\\> a :i i Mexico, Mo . on .1 ill \ •The life of Professor Kerr will b with the t mute education . while his memory is father, thi Rev. John 1 superinti lucky schoo 1 >;ui ville, !<• rr took up in thai school the work Rev. Dr. W. W. 1 • : lally " Robertson's influence, he • url Profesor Kerr Fulton - ■ 1 1 is only surviving child ilton. Rather no tal with thi durin .1. Nolley Tati from 1888 to 1896; Dr. Nobli B M 1911; and Prof. S T. W:it)<. r, the ■ 1 in chool. T 1 • 24 SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY first two years of the Civil War, part of which time its buildings were- used by soldiers as barracks, but was reopened in April, The principal buildings of the institution were burned on the night of February 27, L888, making the largest fire in the his- tory of Fulton. Temporary buildings were provided immediate- ly, and the work of the school wenl on without interruption until new buildings could be erected. Professor Kerr continued as superintendent of the school until February 28, 1889, when he resigi r having devoted 58 years of his life to the educa- tion of the deaf. The first institution of higher learning in Fulton was the Ful- ton Female Seminary, established in L850 by the Rev. William W. Robertson, D.D.,* and at which many of the older women of the county received their education. It was the only school for the higher education of women between Fulton and St. Louis, and during the ten years of it- existence was liberally patronized, the attendance probably averaging L25. The >f Dr. RobertBon than t" any other i" raon, He of the Fulton Presbyterian Church In L840, and during the remainder "f his life preached and taught In the county. He held many revivals, and through his earnest exhortation, many persons united with the church, Bi ■ itablishing Fulton Female Seminary, Dr. Robertson was a member of the board "f trustees <>( Westminster Col- ••..iii the time the college was established until his death, and f"r marly fort dent "f the board, and also during •f i he tlmi lis Rnan< personal- ndeed, a thorough-going Scotch Presbyteriin. He was *•< »r ti in Danville, Ky. December 6, l >>•?. and died In Fulton Ma: Robertson was a daughter <'f the Rev, Robert it Bishop, D.D earlj of Miami University, Oxford, O She « i * ■ « i about Blx months before her husband Two "i their d Mrs. Anna Russell and Mrs Nicholas D Thurmond -live in Fulton. SHORT HISTORY "I CALLAWAY COUNTY 25 of the Fulton Presbyterian Church on February 18, 1851, grew Westminster College, which is the only college in Missouri "in- side of St. Louis that did not suspend during the Civil War. Fulton College was owned independent of both presbytery and synod, and was located on the site of the present Westmin pened on the first Monday in ( >ctober, 1851, and the record shows that the Rev. Benjamin Y . D.D., then a resident of Fulton and now a resident of Elmwood, 111., was the firsl student enrolled. Prof. William Van Doren was the i dent and during the first session 50 students were in attendance. Westminster College* dates from February . . when it was chartered by the General Assembly of Missouri, though Fulton was -elected as the site of a Presbyterian college for boys at a meeting of the Synod of Missouri in Fulton in October, 1852. The corner-stone of the main building and the corner- stone of the School for Deaf were laid on July I, 1853, when the principal address was delivered by the Rev. Nathan I.. Rice, D.D., afterward president of the college. The main building, with a chapel building which was erected in 1887, was destroyed by fire nil th iber 10, 1900. James Green Smith. t after- ward a minister of the Baptist church, who received his diploma in 1855, was the first graduate from the college. Judge Roberl McPheeters, an honored and respected citizen of Fulton, who was • A writ ten by the 'f the .1 in 1903, Prof. John Jaj Rice, LL.D., at thai time . ■ ed i he ma nusi the history u ■ Throu Mr. s J. Fisher, "f St. Louis, who n member "f 1 1 1 • - college board, the work of his bri In book form I olden Jubl which Mr. Smith "I Ik- old Smith early timet mill there l >f Mr. Sum h, I f Wes( ml tor an InstltU- i inn planted for his ' rust, will be tn the tion . Mr. Smith in Fult dalned ! " Hi'' full work "f the ministry in i ■ which li gradu SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY a member of the class of 1856, is the oldest living alumnus of the college. Westminster has had the following presidents: Rev. Samuel Spahr Laws. D.D., Rev. John Montgomery, D.D., Rev. Nathan L. Rice, D.D.. Rev. Edwin Clifford Cordon, D.D., John Henry MacCracken, Ph.D.. Rev. David Ramsey Kerr. D.D., and Rev. Charles Brasee Boving, D.D., the latter being in office now. Though the college is in its sixtieth year, all of the men of this illustrious list are living except Dr. Montgomery and Dr. Rice After the Civil War the college for many year- was controlled entirely by the Synod of the Southern Presbyterian Church, but in L90] the Synod of the Northern Church united in its control and support. Floral Hill College, located on the west oti] of what is now known as Eiockaday Mill, just south of Fulton, was opened about by the Rev. I\ R. Dibble, a minister of the Christian Church, who came from ( >hio. A comfortahle frame college building was erected, a large and competent faculty employed, and until the be- ginning of the Civil War the school enjoyed a substantia] patron- age. Many of its pupils were from place- outside of Callaway County, and but for the war, the college doubtless would be in existence today. Callaway County's first railroad, which was one of the firsl completed in the State, was buill between the years is:.:, and I : ami extended from ( '..u- San- I >> — ein hack' into the comity a dis- tance of aboul seven mile- to a large cannel coal mine. The road was buill by the Callaway Mining and Manufacturing Company, which was chartered by the General Assembly in L847, and was • Thia date may )>'• slightly Inaccurate. A right-of-way deed "n till, in Hi.- recorder's office <>r Callaway County, dated December 10, contains the statement thai the rallri hen und< while a deed of trusl which was given in November, 1867, Indicates that n was completed tl ties Smith, who was for man operator in the Fulton fields, came i" Missouri in 1854 i" prospect the mine for the company, ami work "ti the railroad had not begun at that tini"'. Tousand Foy, >>f Pulton, who was born at Cote B ein in ■ pari of Ms boyh i • not remember the r it..- building "f tio- railroad, and neither does John w. Hord, of boy at 1 1..- tin -.'.I he i mo- y the ..!, ,| from ein. It IS sai.l that Samui ial nun. r and opt i d< • r on i he locomot Ive. SHORT HISTORY 01 CALLAWAY COUNTY composed of Pennsylvania men. The company planned to mine cannel coal extensively an oil from the coal and sell it for commercial uses. To this end the railroad was built, a mine opened, an oil factory erected, and a numb con- structed for the use of employes. After the railroad was built, the product of the mine was shipped on a steamboat owned by the company. The enterprise proved to be a wild dream of ri for the demand for the coal was small, while the oil-producing scheme was impracticable. The property was sold at tru sale in St. Louis on September 26, 1859, and was hid in al At least part of the first railroad track built by the company was laid with wooden rails, and it is -aid that horses were the first motive power u-cA. The whole of die track was finally laid with steel rails and a locomotive put in ■ track and the founda the building at found. A large number of men fi i gaged in 'Ail War, the estimate being from 800 to hi n the i and •">~' (l i >n the I 'n i« »n sid< were not kept, and probably the name- i>\ many | from the ty who enlisted in the conflict have been lost forever. The first company I the comity was organized by ("apt. I* H. Mclntyre, afterward attorn< ral of Missouri, in i to the call of i liborne i ; . Jackson. Captain Mclntyre ■ in his senior year at Westmii when he n April for the war, and though absent from commencement in Jui . the faculty granted him his degree. His company ■ the cop least fourteen other companii f Con fed d of them full, however) left the county during the war. their captains [. \. Si"' 'ii. David Craig, Mil '11. Henry Burt, C '.it War i the i SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY Thomas Holland, Creed Cartel Robert Brooks, Thomas Hamilton, Jefferson Gibbs, Robert M. Berry, Preston Wilkerson, George Law, W. P. Gilbert, and Charles Austin Rodgers. In addition to these companies, a large number of men were recruit- ed during the war for the Confederate service. I laptains William T. Snell, 1 lenry Thomas and J. J. P. Johnson raised companies for the Union, while many men from the coun- ty enlisted for service in companies which were organized else- where. Fulton was occupied during the greater part of the war by Union soldier- and militia, and Southern sympathizers were in constant fear of imprisonment and death. A number of non- combatants were killed in the county by soldiers, most of the crimes being committed by "Krekel's Dutch." as the troops un- der the command of Gen. Arnold Krekel, of St. Charles County, were called. The name, "Kingdom of Callaway." came to the county during the Civil War through a treaty negotiated by Gen. John B. Hen- derson,* representing the Union, and Col m I . J< representing the people of Callaway County. In October, 1861, General Henderson, with a considerable force of militia, started from Louisiana, in Tike County, to Callaway, intending to invade the county and bring it- citi/ens under subjection to the Union. •The writer wrote to General Henderson, who Uvea In Washington, in ;i state "f great opulence, tor hie version "f thla Incident, but iy. olonel Jones was one of the must picturesque eharacti ra who has ever I County, Born In Montgomery County, Kentucky, in 1817, he came to Pulton In childhood, waa educated . .1 law al the Pulton bar from L843 until near the beginning <>r the Civil w ;ir, i [e enter* •! a large trad of land noi until ins death on January 24, 1879, lived on the farm. An order Colonel Jonea and hla family from the county was Issued by I", deral ofl of the n ar, only to be rei ok< ■! a chofleld. One of hie aona was nam- a Soutl anothi ^htti child, a aon, was named Octave n. inty in tl ' Vai • mbly In 1 866 and a n with thi ■ i i.i way" to thla county, thoi ills conten iter b< oaust of h g the building of 11 Alton Railroad SHORT li \TY Hearing of the project, Colonel J< i milled three or hundred men and boys and went into camp at Brown's Spring Auxvasse Creek, easl of the present Mexico road crossing.* After drilling his men a few days, Colonel Jones on the morning of Sunday, October 27, sent an envoy under flag of truce into Wellsville, where Henderson and his men were located, and that day a treaty was made whereby General Henderson agreed ii"t t<> attempt to invade Callaway County, ami Colonel Jom tn disband his force. Both sides kept the agreement, ami there- by the county obtained a name which probably will last through the ages. The terms of the treaty were especially fortunate for the force under Colonel Jones, fur hi- men were inexperienced in war and armed only with rifles ami -hm guns, and in an eng ment probably would have been routed, for lieu men were drilled and well-equipped. Pari of the equipmenl of the force under Colonel Jones consisted of two home-made cannon., one of which was made of wood and was hound with iron hoops. The only battle fought in the county during the war was at Moore'- Mill,t one and one half mile- south of ( !alwood, on Mon- day, July 28, L862, between foi der Col. Joseph < '. I' and Gen. Odon Guitar, Union. The engagement I from a little In n until late in the afternoon. The ( 'on federate- losl six men and had "i 1 wounded, while the Fed- erals losl 13 men ami had 55 wounded. The battle was not de- cisive. Porter had about 280 men. and Guitar about G ( hcrton Run, a -mall engagement on the < Iverton farm, about two mile- southwesl of Fulton, on the morning of July 1", 1861, resulted in the killing of George Nichols, of Callaway County, •Colonel Jones's fori troops under 1 mand of Gen. s. B. H:i i ton ai i y" (p. 111). < }en< ral ' .if at' avalrymen, bul the number under Captali given. Facts and d l tip' w rlter t.> iix upon the 'i t Joseph A. Mud.!, "f lie, Md., who was with Porter, written a book under th< With Porter in North Missouri," ' ;i. and from which the fi 30 SHORT HISTORY OF CALLAWAY COUNTY who was with the Confederate force, and one or more Federals. I [earing that Caldwell's men, of Jefferson City, were about to in- wide the county, a force of several hundred men and boys was organized to meet the enemy. The home guards camped in brush "ii the ( Iverton farm, and when the Federals came in sight, tired once at them and then ran. The Federals also tired once and ran. The affair has always been the subject of jest. The Louisiana and Missouri River Railroad, now known as the South Branch of the Chicago and Alton, was built from Mexico across the county to Cedar City in 1872. The county court, com- posed of men who, under the provisions of the Drake Constitu- tion, were appointed by the governor and therefore were not be- holden to the people of the county for their position, issued sii ih.iiiiu worth of nine per cent bonds for the building of the railroad. In 1872 the people of the county refused to pay inter- est on the bonds, and then ensued five years of litigation to tesl the validity of the debt. The end came when the United States Supreme Court, by a vote of 5 to I. decided adversely to the peo- ple of the comity. After the decision of the court, a convention! was held in Fulton to consider a compromise with the owners of the bonds. Some of the members of the convention advocated paying 50 per cent of the debt while others desired to pay 75 per cent. Much discussion ensued, and finally Richard I lord, of •In an addn ered at thi In Pulton al whicn m-- last hi the bonds were burned, Judge David il Harris, now judi Mi. circuil court of Boone and Callaway counties, said thai only |560,600 worth of the bonds "f the counl ctually delivered in tin- pr< illroad. i'"r thai occasion Judge Harris pi • il ;i : r itn bonded debl of the county, and mosl of the facts Kiven here are taken from it, t Tli.' convention was called by Judge Hugh Tincher, presiding 'in county court, i" whom, more than t'> any other pi is due credit (<>f h I 1888 ||,. w&h married twice and had fourteen children, • r whom are still living. At tin- time "f his death he \\;is one of tin- wealthy nun of the county, property, had 1,800 ■ Prairie. - HORT HISTORY OF C VLLAWAY 31 Cote Sans Dessein, proposed thai inasmuch as only five of the nine members of the supreme court thought the bonds were valid, the county should agi >ume only five-ninths of the debt. The 11 was adopted by the convention, and afterward mosl of the bi md hi »1< The bonds were refunded twice, and the last of the debt was dis- charged in 1906, when, on September 20, the last of the bonds were publicly burned at a celebration held in Fulton. It i- mated thai the debt cosl the people of the county -I." ,000 in principal and interesl before it was paid. The I »f the debt is the darkest chapter in the history of the county. Synodical College, the successor of Fulton Female though thirteen years intervened between th< and the opening of the other, was located at Fulton by the Synod of Missouri (Southern Presbyterian) at a i held at Cape Girardeau in October, 1871. Several towns made bids for the institution, hut the offer of $10,500 in money and four ground valued at $3,500 made b) Fulton was the one accepted. The present college building was begun in the spring of 1872 and finished during the summer of 1873, the cosl being $25, , in- cluding furnishings. The firsl session opened in the fall of with Prof. T. < >scar Taylor, of Virginia, as president. Through all of its history the college has done splendid work, and at this time plan- are being made for the enlargemenl of its plant to meet presenl requirerm William Wi for girls, then known as the Orphan School of the Christian Church of Missouri, opened in Fulton on September 18, 1890. Following the burning of the orphan 1 at Camden Point, Fulton offered $40,000 in money and ten acres of land to have it located here, and the offer was d. The school opened in the Lehmann Hotel building, and during the following winter moved into tl main build- ;e. When the in /olved in financial troubles in 1901, Dr. William S. Woods, a hank' Kansas City, cam nd his name was to the FFB 24 1913 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 014 572 157 fi SHORT HISTORY OF CAM. WWW (or\TY college. The college has a large patronage throughout Missouri and the Southwest. During the years 1892-93 the Missouri, Kansas and Texas Railn>ad was built across the southern pan of the county. It follows the course of the Missouri River. By far the most important development in the county in recent years is the building of permanent highways adjacent to Fulton. A road district eight miles square, with Fulton almost in the cen- ter of it. was organized in 1911, and on December 30, 1911, a bond issue of $100,000 was authorized. The seven principal roads out of Fulton are being graded at this time, and during the coming year will be macadamized to the boundary of the district. From this beginning it is hoped that a system of permanent roads throughout the county will be developed. By the census of L910 Callawa) County bad a population of 24,400 people, of which 5,228 resided in Fulton. Nearly the whole area of the county has been cleared and is productiv< large majority of the people own their bonus, and while none is immensely wealthy, none is miserably poor. The county is noted especially as a mule-feeding center, though its mule industry is small compared with it- other live stock interests. The town of Fulton is prosperous, owning its water and light plants, and hav- ing an adequate sewerage system, besides a public library and many miles of paved and macadamized streets. From the town and county have gone many men and women who have done, or are doing, splendid work in the world. LIBPORY OF CONGRESS ! 014 572 157 A »