.M97 LIBRARY UK CONGRtSS DQDD5D2Mb2b V >/ A *^* >v*' ,p S' AOnRKSlS FREE-SOIL QUESTION. BY WILLIAM D. C. MURDOCK. " qu'ij-a-t-il?" Since the institution of our Government it has had to en- counter many difliculties, foreign and domestic. But, with one exception, tliey have all been met and successfully overcome by the wisdom of our statesmen, the skill and valor of our military and marine, the good sense of our people, and the patriotism of all. The exception meant is the Free-Soil ques- tion. This slill remains, with all its supposed concomitant dif- liculties, and its threatening issues, and hangs like a baleful cloud on a horizon otherwise serene, casting a dismal gloom over the future prospects of the country. It is obvious that at present apprehension exists to an unu- sual degree on this subject. And it is also remarkable that this apprehension appears to be most strongly felt — not by the young, the thoughtless, the inexperienced — but by statesmen of the highest standing for wisdom, experience, and forethought — the grey-haired, profound men of the nation. Indeed it is a circumstance that invests this subject with an almost awful interest, that this has ever been the case ; that every approach to an agitation of this question, has seemed to cause dismay, tlie most to those who while they may be reasonably expected to feel the most intense interest in the governmental structure which they have assisted to rear and so long defend, may also be supposed to possess the best knowledge of what is most likely to cause its downfall. Mr. Jefl'erson most forcibly expresses his fear of this question, involving possibly as it does the dissolution of the Union, and says mournfully, that while resting, in the evening of a life spent in the service of his country, this controversy suddenly sounded, like a fire bell in the night, to disturb his repose. But young America has a right to enquire, and will certainly ask, what is there in the Free-Soil question that makes it so 2 V different from all others ? We enjoy the advantages, the bless- ings of a union formed by the wisdom of our ancestor.^, of States of con.siderablo number, and great extent and resources. AVhat is there in tliis question to baiilethe intelligence and patriotism of the country ? It has ever been the manly trait of tlie American peoplc.^pjctok dif^ultyih the face. A)id when th^/come to_ take "a cool and cahn sur\ey of this question — -when tiiey come to look it in the face, it may be said with confidence, they v.ill see in it nothing whatever, either in its present position, in the circumstances by which it is surrounded, or in the feeling it has engendered, calculated to prevent or disturb a settlement, on Bound principles, mucli less to excite fears of danger or fatal consequences to the union of these States. A political fjucstion to be diihcult or dangerous, must be so either in itself, from the difliculty of adjusting it on sound piinciples, or from collateral considerations tending to make such settlement impossible ordiilicult, or from feelings engendered by it of similar tendency ; and if it can be shown that none of these is.iTisaperable, tlic existence of any ground of alarm concerning it is eleajly disproved. It will be readily admitted that American statesmen should bring yxo provincial feeling or sectjioual prejudice, and do bring i^oaev into the consideration of this or any other question. The members of our National Legislature, are sent, it is true, from every State and every district of our vast country. But it is to bri»g into that Legislature such a knowledge of the wants of every jfcrt) as Avill make legislation ben' ficial to every part of the country. It is not to collect coniiieting, irreconcileable, sectional views, the ascendancy of any one of which would per\crt legislation and render it imj)racticabte on sound national and just principles. For this reason the sectional feelings to which 1 propose to advert, and whose bearing on the settlement of the Free-Soil question I propose to consider in this address, arC' tjiose .oijly jiupposed to exist, without the walls of Congress. , IV fS will now therefore proceed to examine whether there at^ tiijy coliateral considerations connected with the Free-Soil qnfeelii^n, wiiich render it impossible to adjust it in n statesman- like manner on sound principles. This it will be perceived invoiv^g atpticclhe consideration of the bearings of slavery on s^veralifiubjrctflof great moment to the American people. Such as»itheir religion, their political interests, the honor and reputa- tifln of their oounlry. . : In .the first plactt we i^nli enquire is s^a«^e^y.teontm^y to the rejif^ioii uf the Aml rcliKiou. AIm* in l>t Timothy, chapter 6. we lind the most awful (It-nunciatious ugainst tliOM- who Irucii ■bulitiun rt of a champion orexen friend of the ('hri^tiitll religion can he Ih*. who can. in the face of all this, denounce in its name an institution so |ilainiv n'cu;;niM d und fkanctioned by it. So iwrfectly in it ideiitiiie iu war to Iea\t* no hostih* fortrcMt behind, however inconsidv- rable, we will advert to tlie rest. The Jeu i.sh rclit(ion is in the wime cateporr t» the ChriMian, lM'in^ baM-d. or prt>fc»inK tu be bosed. on the ()|d Tcktameut, and therefore u hut htt.s In-en said applies e«pnill\ to it. It i» not known what number of Nlahometan.s there may he in the conntf \ . but the Coran suncliuns^lu\ery, as any one will find \}\ luiisiijtiii^ it. There urea few Pagans. Indians, within our limit.s w iio ma\ \h- interested in this i|U(*stion. but their relii^ioii, not pro- fv«*in({ to In- r* sealed, has no tii;ht tooppoM- ^la\erv, u hicli to du till ni |usti(i the Indiiiis dii not. and are many of them »J«\ eholdets. I kt.' u no other religionists hut I)eist<. I did not know ui.! \ that llnse (Ininii'd to be a vet, but hnxe Im-cu iul' I Ml New \ oik and other places they hnveuctually cunir lu a heod mi far an to have ori;anised eoni;rt!^tioiu, and that th< ri art- nunc mure inclined to abolition. hurh a Cfetij 8» ihcim not bei-ij, n id not prof«*^sing to be revenbd. fthouhl hnvr nolhin;; ixMtpe alxiiil it. it ^hould not •••rn anv tiling. And their i'hurch may be aaid to be to rflii(ion, what point No-Point is t-' tli<- ntO(4ia|»li\ <<\ tin- Chesapeake Buy. Their lelinioii is purely iiei-ative. And if A iinion^j thnn ( hoosfs todeiiv that sliwcrv or imv thin^els*' is ri;^ht, iiiid turns ahoiitioiiist. lu- has a perfect rii^dit to ritativelv on anv point. I-'or sup]»ose A should indict H for heresy l>efore the hi^h ecclesiastical court of his sect. In a religious court, where there is no autlu)rit:iti\e standard, uo revealed code hy which to ileline or prove oOence or adjudge penalty, all the parties, .lude;e included, in such a case, would Ik.' exceedini^ly at a loss how to proceed, what to do, and w hat to say. Such a sect ou<;ht surely to he very tolerant, hut nevertheless, such is the nature of man, th«'re is none said to Ijc more intole- rant of slavery on relijjious jjrounds than this. It seems then that this institution cannot he fairly pronounced contrary to any religion, true or false, now existins; in the United States, hut just the reverse. Ijideed there are conditions of life to which it would be a bles>ini; and relief, such as that of those poor outcasts, the laborinix population of Europe, and particularly of France and Great Britain, the leadinij abolitionist natinns. Conlined as they are to certain narrow districts ; broui^ht back, if they attempt to wander, by overseers and constables; oblisjed to work for pfrindinji capitalists for any wacfes they please to f:cive, never more thati sull'icient to snpj)ly immediate necessity ". liable to be turned oil' at any moment to bee; or starve, slavery would indeed be a blessinp; atid relief to them. And it is a remarkable fact that Queen Elizabeth succeeded to cure the wretched pauperism of this da.vs. in her time, by authorisini; the magistrates to compel wealthy indivirluals to take such persons and support them, making them labor in their service. Also, we find the laboring population of France now claiming what they call the riijht to labor, and their CoTivention is said to be now engaged in settling this knotty point in theecoHomy of their social system. How they can do it witlu)ut resorting to Elizabeths jilati is more than I can .see. Hut it may be said that abr)lition is called for by philanthropy. And it has been so said by at least one distiiJguishecl philan- thropist, Mr. Garrison, and many others, his pupils iu the United States. G Althoufib it ii> oul of owr way, und the course we had dc- sijiiu-d. Wfwill heru blcp aside, ami dia;riss so tar ns.to ejiuniiiie thi» aiisertioii. It is a vt-iv leiuuikubie thius^', and or.e i hove uo( seeu noticed m l\m conlrovt-isy, that negro slavery owes its ixisti-iicc on the Amerifaii Continent, and in iliese United SUtoii, to a dUtiuK"i«i»e-d. philanthiopist — BartJiolernew de Las CjLsas. It is reldted that the \ t^i'irowuers, if uot sent to the coast '" '' ■ 1'' invavial>lv sent to countries io llie interior, a thousand or riiore iiiiies distant from home. And for this tilain reason, nobody would purchase them nearer, lest they migiit es;cape back. •They might have seen all this, and they might have seen also that African servitude is exceedingly harsh, the masters being barbarous, cruel, jealous, on account of tlie great disproportion- ate numbers of the slaves; invested with the despotic power of life and death, and exercising it without remorse. Besides agi'icuitural implements are so imperfect and agricul- ture so rude in that country, that famines are frequent, almost annual, during which the slaves, always stinted, sutler the most. The country also aboimds with enormous beasts of prey, the liGn,&c. and great serpents, to which the slave, being engaged in tillage, is much exposed, in constant dread, and frequently becomes a prey. In short, the philanthropist of the present day, if he had taken the trouble to inform himself thoroughly on a subject concerning which lie felt inclined to do and say as much as he has, would have discovered that a distinguished brother, Bar- tholomew LasCasas, had taken a very different and more just view of this subject; had taken a'course; entirely opposite to his ownf and so doing, was a beneiactor, not only to the Indians, but the negroes themselves. But in all this the Americen people have now )io concern, however remote. Neither have they in the' hardships which they who have set them.seives " to trou- ble Israel,"' assert were encountered by the negroes' on their passage to tJiis country. The people of Great Britain, if they have any respect for their ancestors, are more interested to con- test such assertions ; for f/fc/r Government would have them sent, and their sea captains brought them. It is truej I have for one always doubted the trutJi of such accounts. It seems in- credible that British sea captains having bought slaves on the coast of Africa, would do anything, wilfully, to injure them, when. their interest required them to be brought safely and in good condition to America, where they were to be sold. I do not believe that any but accidental hardships ever occurred, such as do now occur aboard of packets filled with emigrants coming voluntariiy to this country, and which lately required and received preventive interference from our GoA^ernment. But even should such hardsliips have been suffered, it is evi- dent that the slave nm,tt so much the more have hailed the ap- proach^ of the humane Cliristian planter, who delivered him Irom >the British slave-skip and the British sea captain, as a friend and benefactor, v/hich in truth he was. It appears then that philanthropy has no right to interfere now in tliis qut-stion at all, lest she be called an incuniiistent !;iiide. For Air. Garrison and his pupils, are no better author- ity now, than Las Casas and his adherents in ionner times. — They haye no right to undo by abolition Avhat he has done, and thereby subject the American people to the inconvenience of a free negro population. Philanthropy can only do this: as she brought negroes from the coast of Africa, in former times, and sold them to the American people, she can therefore now only buy them back again, or take those already free and send them back to Liberia, anel that is what Christianity, the true philan- thropy, is now doing. After this digression we will now proceed to examine the bearings of sla\ ery upon the political interests of the American people. It has been complained that it has had an unfavorble iiillucnce concerning the political interests of the non-slavehold- ing part of the Union ; for that part has never had its due share of the highest honors of the republic, the offices of Pre- sident and Vice President. That the slaveholding part has al- most monopolised these honors and otFices, and that its peculiar politics have thence had unecjual, undue influence over the ac- m)n of the Government. If this had been asserted of the State of Virginia it would have been correct. It is true that she has had an undue share of the highest honors, and that her i)eculiar politics have had unccjual and undue influence in the Govern- ment. But it is not so clear what the institution of slavery has to do with this grievance. One of the Presidents taken from Virginia will be admitted by all to have been the best qualified for the station of any in tlie country. Concerning the rest, few will deny that they were capable to do honor to the popular choice, even if there were others in the country as well, or better, (pialifled for the place. There are many, also, who will say that the Virginia policy, from its intrinsic merit, ought to prevail. AVhy the American people ha\e so often selected Virginians for Presidents and Vice Presidents, ])roceeds, probably, from the prestlo-e produced by two very favorite Presidents, ^^ ash- ington and .leflerson, having been citizens of that State. The same partiality, directed by the posthumous influence of JNIr. Jef- ferson, has hitherto contributed to the ascendency of her pecu- liar policy. If those po])ular lirst Presidents had been citizens of J\'nnsylvania or JN'ew Vork the same ])artiality would have existed towards the statesmen of those States. If there is any hardship in this the rest of the South has as much, or more, to comi)lain of than the North. Of the old Southern States, ex- cept Virginia, South Carolina alone has received this honor. The south-west has beon more tbrtunate. But both together have liad no more, cojnparatively with the North, than its population entitled it to. That is it" the Vice President be allow- ed to be, what he certainly is, equal, in honor and dio;nity, to the President, although not in power and patronage. But this jiartiaJity for Virginia Presidents is fast wearing away even in V^irginia herself, and her citizens haVe not ahvays been elected nnth her own consent. Time will cure this grievance, and she vi'ill at last have no more influence than she is entitled to from the talents of her representatives, her powerful vote, her central position, and her intelligent, virtuous and patriotic population — comprising in the different parts of her extensive territory the various conditions of the northern, southern and western people. Her policy, also, the ultra agricultural, whether right or wrong, time will prostrate even among her own people. It is produced by the nature of her Constitution, restricting the right of suffrage so long to freeholders, and now to householders ; it gives the ascendency, almost the monopoly, to agriculture in her councils ; it banishes, in a manner, every other class. Hence her political views are those of a State exclusively agricultural. Neither the manufacturing or mercantile classes can exert any influence, or commimicate any information, in her legislature concerning their peculiar interests, identified as they are with tho?e of agriculture itself. The same state of things exists in the new States, of both the North and the South, where there are as yet no considerable manufacturing or mercantile classes, and has no relation to slavery whatever. Maryland, a State having similar antiquity, population, soil, climate, and slave institution as Virginia, has always opposed her policy, because she has universal suffrage, and in her coun- cils the manufacturing and mereantile classes can be heard. Also, Delaware and ]ientucky. Other southern States seem i)!so inclined to the same course, Louisiana, Georgia, North Carolina, and Tennessee. When population becomes more dense in the new States, they will change their policy, as Virginia will change hers, when she adopts universal sufFrage, which she must do in the course of time. With regard to the Presidency it may also be said, that no individual need covet it. from any personal considerations. We have the testimony of Washington, who filled the office under circumstances more favorable to his personal happiness than any other President ever has or ever will enjoy again. In his letter to Mr. Jefferson, entreating him not to leave his Cabinet, he speaks of his wretchedness in office. He says he Z 10 i -luM- tu tito cutistituciiU. u\(-rvviu-Iuui) wilU the •I uli'icial du(\ . uiid, iiiurt-ttvcr, uw iiix lu lid* uiis«.uu- !>(>uittoii ul his \ ir\v». aiiii (iu* iiii*ii-])ri-M.-ttUtiuii u| hU iic(iuii> (ihc gencnil dctriictiuii tliiil lii»> doj(^;cd llic »U-p» iifcvt-ry Pu-m- dcnt iVoin \i\s tiini- to lliio,; he it. wr«tchcd iu otXuv. Aud. iudvi-d. fiuiii tlit-Mr raUM-A, lillle M-ii»ihilily can thiit itwn Iianc u bo can citjov ihc I'roidrncy. '1 Iu- olhic of Nice President is better cticuni>tiiured, lia\ing e«|uul hunur and di^nit) , but not cuuu^h power and patrona|{e to excite envy, liut, neveilht - U*Mi, tlic Pie^idtncv i^ one of those lhingi», like nidUin»on\ . wiultli, Jk-c, ul' wfuth nothing; sutioliei uiool n»en but |»erMjnuI cxiR-rieuce. Notwiihittandin^ that niutriiuouy alone, hiu ev«r had unv fit\orablu li.otinion\. 1 will now proceed tu examine the Ituit reniaininx coii>iderB- tion buppoM.-d ca)Hible to warp the views of home, and ^uevent a clear diM-ernn>ent «'f the pro|K-r courM- of policy on this occa- lion. It i», that abolition is reouired to nu serve the honor of the counlrv in the estimation of other nutiuns. Uv utlicj nations, is usually ujeanl (jreat lUitaiu and France, the two nations ll»at dirtate the sentinunLs and opinions, a* wi II ns the fitshion*. abroad .If thostr tw o nations, tonelher wilk I not stand in the character of the authors and promo- . \erv on the American continent, an«l of the slave trade on the coajil ol Africa, and if they had not been the adxocalen of both as long aa it was profitable to themstU t s, ih« y mij^ht be in a titualion to make taunt* at us, cutting enoujih to those who lake the opinions of others ai> their standard of ri^ht and their rule of conduct. Great Ihiuin. not content with suppl> iuR slaves to her own colunit**, waned a long and bloody war with Spain and Fiance, in order t«» obtuin, amonj; other thinijs, a participation in the astitulo. or «oiiliaei to lurnish slaves to Spanish America, and finally obtaine.l it in 1713. by the treat> of Itrecht. Hut ('ttt\i Hrilain mimI Frmire havd .state*. I will now give hrrr »ome quotations from two travellers ii\ (ileal Britain and Iteland, as an f xcmplil'icttion of this. The hr»t ;• from ihf |oumal of a traveller who visited Fnjtland in IfU^. and piiblshrd anonvmously undrr ih* titlo of a Sum- mrf« Jaunt arr-M* the \N at. r. When there, he went to Windsor Tartlr. and examined ainoni; other |^rl* of thai •pliiMlid pile. ih. aparimrnts of the ro\al don» and hoi-M-s. and here u his arrount of ihem : An appropriition was nfcntly 11 nvidc in Parliament of three h-.iiidnd t/u>usaui{ dollarn to rebuild th«'«;e a|ij)tirt»"iiuiu*t's, :uul accordingly tlu-v un* luxuriotijilv Inrgi.-, neat, and airy. Tht- rows of prey ironies • • • • • look »U'ek and conifortabit', as if they knew what rovai fare was." Now the dogs, • • "it is worth while to j^lani-e at the * •* • pot dogs. First we see their handsome portraits painted by no h-ss a per- sonage than the celebrated Laudsevr, the first painter in liis line in the world, as thev are eleu;antlv framed and s\jspended iu the front room of the Lodge: then go with the portly Keeper into the kennel." The second is from the " Three Kingdoms,' by the Viscount D Arlincourt. 1845. He visited the renowned Earl of Eglington, »nd this is his account of the sumptuous suite of rooms in Eg- lington Castle, appropriated to the entertainment of the Earl's horses: " The horses are not kept in stables, but in regular upartments, prececded by ante-rooms ; nothing but looking glasses are wanting to render them complete drawing rooms, but that will be supplied some day perhap>^." .'^urclv Caligula's horse, if uuamintious of the consulship, might have been here content. Contrast this with the following account of the hovel of a peasant, by the same author: "1 perceived a hut near me, which I entered — what a sad spectacle I beheld (here! A family of wild-looking bcing.s, barelv f lad, were there cower- ing over a great fire, and surveying me, as I advanced, with haggard eyes, as if I had been an emanation from the tempest, or a harbinger of the thunder. The owner of this singular den had no chnir to ofler me, iScc." And this also of tlic appearance and costume of the peasantry in Scotland, tlie weather being unpleasantly cold: "The inhabitants of lona bear a great resemblance to .savages. Many of the children are in the primitve attire of the terrestrial paradise, excejit that instead of a girdle of fig leaves, they have a bundle of rags around them. A woman dressed very much after this f.^shion, with red hair and livid complexion, ofl'ered us shells fur s;ilr.' These accounts do not ajipear to be a material exception to the usual mode of living of the horses and dogs of the rich, and of the laboring population of that nation, as anv one may see who will take the trouble to examine the reports of the committees of Parliament on this subject. Comment is useless. Dean Swift had scenes enough immediately around him, from which to draw materials for his story of the Flouvhnhnms and \ ahoos. And the American may say with truth, that there is no institution in his country, as in Great Britain, that depresses any part of the people below the brute cr<'ation. I-: Wall ii-^drtl t>> lh>' iKMjr ul I'taiut.- lilt-it laic tii^pctutt. uud frrttrtM-j". ntt«*m|'J* !<> !>rl!i'4 ; IxMit a !>Ulc ol lhiu;(N in which due portion <•!' ih(- IruiU ol •.s t') /'.'rfr »t;'.ti nl iitti i pct»l hi.- ciii, w uiiid M.sU)UUkh bv u chickfJi in the. }>ot ul' every peasant iu hi^ domiuiuiui, »nd thik savinu was cQii>iidered :i threat murk ui' the beucvuience ut lint jHipulur Kii^. lUil hi-s w i^h was pcrlctUy Utopian: he iiL\cr 8»uw llial da), aur did aiiy of hi& .succa»or>. But r\try lu-^^ro shive. with as, ha> thii, or may have it, if In- pit asis. On plant iliun.s. thty all have their ;;ardeii.s if they Want thi Ml, and liu- pri\ilt:i;e to raise their chickens aiid thc^r pig^ , and mark «ine thiu^, tluy art* not compelled by iuceK.ilv tu M-Il them to pav rent to a \oluptuous, idle, extravafriiut land- lord. Tluv all have found them comfortable dcthes. houses, &i^., and .sullicient food, :.< ■^r.i>:\. or nearlv lio, as their masters. Hut let Ureal Britain ■ of her jiolicy on thi> continent before she uad .i iu> on any subject. There uever hu-S been a war in wiiieh we imve ever been eu- gd^ii-d with her. and. we may add, France aiid Spain, thut she and they did not bring the tomahawk and licalpin;; knife uf the ^a\a;;e a^uin>l the women, the children, and the aj^ed of our people — tlioM! whom the lawk of natioij.s, receivcxl by all civil- i/ed nalioM-. rcijuired to be * ' ; >• neutmls in war, to be iMi\e«l liurmle-s from all viol > lly perpetrated or iudi- ret tl) iiibtiu'alrd. The eHUti In 'U "i dreal Britain is stained with ill)- iiiiiod (if th(>us4in(h>of the fair, the a^ed. and the weak of a • and Chriiitian people. And lately, in our ' ;i*^ oil (hf Ore;;(>«) mid iSOrlhenbtern ! li, .".bowed I ihe law.s of Miidi'd then V I at once ri*- ptidiated .ityol ihc .Vniericun I>a1''ic . ' .\ in- ill. Iiusnil.ili- .,.i!ui I l tlK ii-(4.-i\fd uilli k-ulliu^iiiM)) l)\ (lu- iK'iU herouN savai>L'<». lii(iu;l| such buib:iruiis .seiiliuiciiLs pcr\Jil<; ihi- iialiiui, uud iciiUcr iU upitiiuus of liuli: ('Ull^<«■^llCll(t- to utlicis on siuli subjccLs uh tliu. Let the litilisli slalcsiuan corifrt ihrst- tUiii)i>.; li;i liim ifnn: lu make luisi'rable paii;H,TS by his laws ul" priiiiou'iiiturc, w nlclicil VDUUifer sous ol younjiiM- brothers; let him ci-asc ty pluuilcr those poor outcasts by unequal tuxHtiun, auU revenue iuws calculated to make continuully the rich richer, and ihe poor poorer; hut until lie docs nil this, the Aiuericun slatesniun cau meet his tuints on the subject of slavery in the words ol' the Divine Author ol" Christianity, "say not unto thy brother Ul me remove the mote ol thine eye, and behold a beam is iu thine own eye; but rather lirst ca^toiU the beam out of thine ow n eye, and then thou w ilt see more clearly lu remove the mote out ol' thy brother's eye.' Such are the considerations supposed important enouijh l<* require consideration at this time. They appear to be only &»> so much rubbish, tendinsf to obstruct, imleed, the approaeJies ol the American patriot ajid the American peoj)le towards a s»ttle- ment of Uie Free-Hoil question, but not sutlicient to prevent such settlement on just and statesmanlike principles. What that settlement and those principles are. is the next subject for inquiry. It may here be again repeated, that any thing like sectional or provincial feeling, w hether of the North or the South, must be, and are supposed to be dismissed from the mind of the inquirer after truth on this subject, and national sentiments alone brought into action. In such a state of mind we may proceed with hopes of suc- cess to in(juire, What is a statesmanlike settlement of the Free- Soil question r The same, it may at once be answered, sus a statesmanlike settlement of any other (juestion. The statesman must take things and people as they are. lie must consider the interests of the wjjole American peojde, and so arrange as to secure them the greatest good and avert the most evil. And w hat are the circumstances of the American peo|ii<; on this subject. Slavery now exists among them throughout the coun- try south of Mason and Dixon's Line, the tJliio. and, further west, south of the 36th parallel of latitude, as far a« the Kocky Mountains. It not only exists, but from considerations which ,wiU be explained, it is likely ever to exist. ^ On the other hand, it has been abolished north of those lines, for reasons that will also be explained. And this state of things has produced another question for consideration and setth-- ment by our statesmen. Besides the Free-Soil question, wliich involves the extension of slavery beyond the Kooky Aloun- n t»in« uituthcr x* «o itilird to it lliat it i<« itnpC4 to treat uf or »rttl»* !hi« without rxpbiiiiup uiid *ftthtij{ the other — the rendition of futjitive slaxc*. Leave the latter unsettled, •nd the North would then be hut a thorn in the side of the South. It it »o obvious indeed that these two subjects are «o eluMrly connected as to be jmjwrfectly fettled if settled separ- ately, that we will proceed tn examine the present state of those two (|u>-stions. und explain f'.irtlu-r the principles on which thev •ihotild bf armnt!;ed. On exHiiiiiiinij the subject rK>«iflv w c perceive with surpris'* thnt both ijue^tions. nre settled already in a way suthrientlv stutesinanliki' to be sali^^factory to the South, but some further action i-» devimbh- to the North on the question of rendition, although not absolutely necessary. ^ es. thanks to the wisdom of our stati-siiH-n both of the p.t'.t and the present time, these two difficult questions an' iilreadv si-ttled. as we will undertake to show . ill a manner that u\n\ well content tlit- South, fthe part most alTt-rted by them.) while the North h:\^ reason to seek legislation on the qui'stion i if the wise men who framed our Tonstitution. foresaw the diificuliy in th«* f.iture on this subject, and mad«- express proviniisNl\ ii<'l)v«^Niu Viruinhi uml )■ iMiii M'tid tluia iii(<» lliom* H<-ldA I" i 111 !'• i; up his horsfs and «\>«ii. ni> ii< i_i - I «• iiil or mrry them to brtihc bu^k fttmys that h«\.' u . . .; uvfi th«* line. • V i«in, a southiTii imrciMnt huviiii; stoves, ur a thin o\rn«-i >> ■! .sf v«*vmI is ii!:i:;ui 1 ill w luili- or ill purl with them, mnsi «\-iM«i th« n<»n-«la\fl!i>l(iimj S.ntef*. notwithhtaiulinu flint tin- (V>nHi> 'ii* siipreiiKf l:>v of the iaml, Mibj«'els him only !•» •ueh i«4 iu« ( (in^'evs mav maUe lor the roculation <»f tratl«- a.:u i.i.' •.» ccm tin- Mat«»s : iiiul Conifre** h:'-' pitnoi) no (nu I • _r him < , , ,1 ,^ i;;/rt, and not thoii->l.t\. iiiilduiu Mu(e>. And he.'iidi'S, toiiriMs,' (i ■ riiosi moJt-stid, ar.' not merehants or men of business. Alllhis is mere «juilt!>iin_', and cpiihble lor qiiihhle is fuir phn and (toil s;i\i' the riiihi. /.//(/ is juore {'ornprtliensivo than ik and iiielud«*ii it. It i» the greater includinjr the Kss, the whol- ill, :u('i, t -A p:«r1. It means more tiiun in, but it also mcanB in ill.- « hole ground. Ht-sides, the word serrice, a* di- - -• Ki Irom labor and t''---i--r^rff, appi-ars to refer to su< li And as to touri' .• inerchantH, for thov Efo to ' or barler iiimii.-\ , iudlion, bill* of exehanjje, er I b»>ard. lodve.: and to siirhextem thev are merchants. Ami • \u'itiii men of himiuefs, should they t;o in pursuit of h .i';.i— ..hs'.l more ini|)ortant pursuit thvn that? — and hhoutd sueh fniirist. an invnlid, luive a s«'rvant w ho^' ser% ice« pre Iroiii jonij traimi ■ ,d to biseomlort. ]ierhaps to his re< n^ .• rv rr.:vhfnti 'cijiu' And should tluv not he invain:- '- :ind one d«'sei\ in>i the |)rot»-r(ion '^1 to |nnintrv.«nd dissipate, bv persoUBl interroiirM-. the imlimiKl i.iriMdiees ot the Nort!i and >'i)Uth. Perehanre, and ft«'t ui iir aoittherii tourist iiiav l>e a baehelor. jjoinu f<>' ''"• '■ - : winninu pome northern Tiir, such as one tif thov I wcused to He.' promnindintr in Hroadwav and otlw p... -. li I. II nmtb — in other words, in search of a wife. W In' more impori:iiit businew tiian thid. or mon? iiisential lii happi- nrm ' And il the ser\ ires of u well-truined l)tMlv->ervant «ir ralfi tte important to his be«t jwrsonnl nppearanoe. and cl courM* *" ' iiiv abolitionist, unless n jenlous rival ^* roiit>-ni| (hut till- ConMitutioii or hi\%s 17 of the I'liitt'd States, aiitliorisc or I'ntrno to authorise any in- terference with liiin in sueh u pursuit ? The \erv |>reiinih|e of the Constitution itself, wouhl alont-hi- iiinplv snlheiint to (h-feut sueh an ahsurd pretenee. The truth is, the Constitution and hiws of the Cnitcil States, if fairly eonstrued, j^uaranty to every citizen the eonirnon risi'ht to i(o as travellers, us well as men of business, unmolested in person or property of every - pcMist* with kIuvu liiboi. w heiH-vcr it i-ould pos..«.ihlv hi' doiii-, on arrotiiit of a natural pn-ftTciici' for five lal)or wlu-ncvrr it was uv.iiluble. Ti) prove tins, we may eito tlie fact that slavery never pem-trnteci the North to any extent when it was permit- lf<\ there. Neither does it now exist to any extent in the healthv, upper country of the Soutli. And partly also it has been abolished Ironi a peculiar sentiment, or prt-judiee against the institution, engendered bv our revolution. In exeinj)liliea- tion of this bust, I will relate soniethin;f told me bv an old fien- tiemai). fond of reeallin^jj reniiniMPUces of by-};one davs. He said, that in [Maryland, before the Revolution, it wits the custom to have alwavs by the tire-side, in uint«'r time, a lari;e tankard or muij, in rich iiouses of plate, in poorer, of quecnsware, haviuG^ on it tlu? initials of the reisjninej Kintr, and called by liis name. These muijs were kept fdled with nuilled wine, mulled cider, or apple punch, to be ejiven warm to anv visitor or visitors coming in out of the cold. At the period of the Revolution these vessels were all stamped with G. R., for George Rex, and that was their name ; and they were great favorites, as they desi'rved to be, with all the citizens of that ancient and celebrated State. Rut i[i politics Ttamcs are things. And when the war broke out, these unfortunate mugs became suddenly as unpopular jis their royal namesaki-. They were almost all hid away or broke. Hut sometimes some inconsiderate, thoughtless person woidd continui* the ancient custom, in which case a scene would ensue which anv one can sec bv looking at the coat of arras of the State of \ irgiriia. In such a case, tjie hospitable host woidd advance as usual to welcome his guest, but no sooner did one of them catch sight of the(»eorge liex steaming on till' iiearth. than pushing by the projl'crcd hand, and stalk- ing indi^Miaiitlv up to the lire, lie sj)urned ov«'r the nuig and all it^ exhilarating contents, vociforating, if not the \ irginia motto, Sir Siinjifr Tyraums, at anv rate something very similar in plain Knglish. Nor did his uiducky host dare to resentsuch behavior, for such was the feeling of the dav, that he was fain to pucily the olli-ndcd partv. and considerevas generally insalubrious, and liad a lart^e colored pi)j)ulation. At the North, white men can, at all times, conduct agricul- tural operations, and abolition would not cause any inconveni- euce to the farmer. Neitlier w ould it i)n)duce any inconve- nient number ol" that useless, troublesome cla.ss, the tree negro. At the South, the best land, indeed the only good land in most districts then settled, were on the borders of streams or swamps, where the heat, humidity, and fertility of the soil com- bined to produce an atjuosphere very deleterious to the consti- tutions of the \\hites ; ro(juiring the utmost care sometimes to preserve health, by avoicling exposure to the sun, the night air, &-C., which laboring men cannot do. Such could oidy be tilled advantageously by blacks, whose constitutions are known to suit such locations; and as free ne- groes will not cultivate or do, in l\ict, any other work, if they can help it, abolition would have destroyed Southern agricul- ture in a great measure. ^Moreover, from their excessive num- bers, free negroes would have been as troublesome as the frogs of Egypt, and from their well-known peculiaritv, exemplitied now and then at the North, of not only not supporting the ex- ecution of the laws as the whites do, but of resi-sting their exe- cution on one of their own color, rendering it impossible to make of them republican citizens, seditions of a serious char- acter would be likely to ari.se in some places if the slaves were released from their habits of subjection to their masters. For all these reasons the South acted w iselv to avoid aboli- tion, and the tendency that way has been arrested. I may here observe, in confirmation of their conclusion, that modern Italy presents a striking proof of the necessity w Inch some countries have for slave labor, to render them sukscrvient to the use of man. The district now called the .Marenuna was once, when slave labor existed there, in the time of the Romans, a well cultivated, healthy and populous district, containing manv large cities, Rosella, Saturnia, I'opulonia, and others. It is now almost uninhabited and uninhabitable; its surface, undrained by the modern Italian, starving and miserable a.s he is, as our own free negro, has become an immense morass, emitting a '20 balrlul nialiriu which tendft>. it a ju-stjlfniial uuisaure to thi' ^urruutlliiu(i rKautric>. SiH h is a hi iff stutoineiil of thf state of lh«' sluve question, hoth |)u.st ami presfiit, uiid su« lj it is likely, fronj the same iin- imituhle causev:, ever to ••ontinu*-. The American statesman should, therefore, act for eircumstAnct-s a.s they are, and not h\ anv useless, vuin cHort^. Nvhi«h can have nunf hut a mischiev- ous eftect, disturb a state of thinijs established by the ^ood 8i>nse of our ancestors. From all this we may gather that statesmen of the preseiil day, oscd to settle the Free-.Soil question on sound princi- ph-», have to consider the follow in^ thincs in niukinij re'^ula- tions ciin«-erninii the unsettled territory. One is to exclude slaverv Irom such Inculitics and latitudes where, from tiie naturi- of the soil, climate, and the disposition of the American people, they know it must be abolished. This measure, apparentlv harsh to the slaveholder, is leally beneficial, as it prevents him from losiii'^ his property. The other is, to permit it where it can exist, and is necessary to the culti\alion of the soil and the full development of the uf(ricultural wealth of the country. And, to examine the course of the Government, we find it has acted on this principle. It has been excluded from the Northwest Territorv at tin- instance of the South itself, because in that, from its northern latitude, it could not have kept its Uround. It has bivn likew ise excluded, for the same rea.s(m, from the < tuinlry north of latitude SU , beyond the .Mississippi, but permitted south of that latitude, because necessary there, and < apable of beini; maintained. It ha.s been exclud«'.iderati«ui, t») run tin- risk. And as this la>t ("aliiorniun dillit iilty constitutes the Free-Soil ipiestion of the present tinu*, and thus lies at present in a position agreeable to tho>^' sound piiiK'iples on which the (lovemment has nil along acted, ninl whith M-ein to have satisfied all parties. 1 think it will !>■• st-fu that the whole Free-.Soil (|ueslion is, as I have asserted, already settled in a statt'snuiidikc manner, on somid principh-^. Hut il has been ,said that part of California lies north of tli' Ulith n«»rth latitude, and therefore some interference is requireil to make the «;isf coincide with tin- principles of sound policy. But. nevertheh'wi, such is not tin- ease. It hits bten show n that the necessity for slavery south of lati--! 91 tudf 36", and west of the Rocky Mounliiins, results from natu- ral causes, the jjieut heat of thi- clinuite, &.c. Now, it is a fact, that on the western coast of this continent tl\e climate is warnur fuitlier north l)V as many ili'^^rees as six at least, than on the eastern side. The A'M" in California is as sultry, (juite, as the Stith deijree in Missouri. The same {Wius, occurs on the old continent. Th.e north of China is colder than the corres- |)ondiiiu, latitudes of Europe. And even on the coa.st of islands no lari^er than Creat Britain it is the same thinn;. For this there is a natural and immutahle cause, well Uunwu to naturalists. In the north temperate zone the northwest is the prevailing wind, produced by the heat of the .sun travers- ing the face of the earth from east to west. The dense air comes generally from the northwest to meet it, and always al- fects the climate to make it colder or Avanner according to cir- cumstances. If it passes over the cold summits of mountains like the Cordilleras or Rocky Mountains, it makes it colder east of them. Rut if it comes from the ocean, as on the coast of California, it brings humidity and warmth. So that, to leave the Californian question as it is, would not be any violation of those principles of sound policy on which the Government has all along acted, but would be, on the contrary, in strict accor- dance with them. The abolitionist will hence perceive that the wind is against him in any attempt he may make to introduce abolition into California^ and so Ave believe would be the tide of public opinion. He will also perceive that the same gales that woidd infalli- bly blow abolition out of any part of California, have also, on the other hand, expelled sla^-ery from all the country north of the 3tith degree, and west of the Rocky IMountains. He will, therefore, 1 hope and believe, rest content, and not complain of a dispensation of Providence on the whole most favorable to him. But should he do otherwise : should he attempt and prevail to persuade the statesmen of the North to use their numerical preponderance in the National Legislature to violate the prin- ciple on which the Government has all along acted ; to disre- gard the prompting of national feeling, and in place thereof in- stitute the provincial ; to do an act calculated justly to ofl'end the slaveholder, for he will see that his Government has gone out of its Avay to exclude him, without cause, from participa- tion in the advantages of emigration — let him be assured of one thing, that the South will not gratify him, if that is \yhat he wants, so far as to divide the Union on so paltry a question — on Ml |j3iti V a K iituant of a OHIO ijrt'al ijiicNimii. 1 lie >iiuilK'rn |K-u|>lr u ill ii(-\cr ilividf the- L'liiun. nur sullf r it to be liivideii, «.s \vu^ U.H thr) iiuxf tilU-s uii(t huurdi* tu ddrnd it. No, the Sdiith will |Kin>sided. It knows that neither the peopk' of Oret(un ur Culifurnia will U; lonn eontent to send, ut great ••xpense. around or aeruv* the continent, for the tU({ur of tiie South, when, if slavery was allowed in (\ilifornia, they mit(ht hii\e it so much eheuper ut home. It knowh and be- liever that the tin»t act of sovereignty of (.'ulifornia would be lo ri>;ht this (piestion, if it should be thus put wroni;. .\nd thuii believiuj; it, will in the meantime, rest content with the commercial ailvaiitaijes derived frouj a valuable market for its productions, howe\er unnaturally produced, on the western eoa.st of this coutiiu-iit. Before leavini; this subject, it is neressiiry, to complete the arnmnent, to ad\ ert to a diirK iilty w Inch seems tu be sujiposod to exist, and to require lej^islation. It seems to be sujiposed, that in consequence of the transfer of New Mexico and California to us, the old governments that were pr«'vious!y established in those ., governors, judges, and magistrates, wouhl be «p|Miint«-d in ihesiune or ;i similar maimer. If lluy hail been previously app.tinled by tin- executive of Mexico, their ap- Itoiiitnienl would be inve.sted, ofcoujse, in the executive of tin- l*i»it«d St«teo. The circumstiiiioi- of those provinces being III M coiKjuered state d«M'» not uller the cu.se. The trcHtv. by ■rknowMging iho riches of Mrxieo, abolishes the milit«ry '2:5 f^ovt'iiuucjU, and ackiiowltrilofs ami restores tlu' ri^lils of iKc iiiliahitaiits ; and they return to tliPiii so far as they do not • oullict with the Constitution and laws of the llnited States. I havi' never se»'n it asserted that they eonllioted with any laws of this country, hut it lias heen said, that they do eonflict on one point with the Constitution; that the President hits no power to appoint tlieir ofiiei'is by our Constitution, and, th«'ret'ore, they must remain destitute of any executive, uidess Congress should interfere and autiiorise sucli appointment. This opinion is also, it appears to me, unfounded. The Con- stitution, article '2d, section '2d, empowers the President to appoint all oflicers whose appointment is not otherwise provi- ded for, which shall he estahlished by law. It also makes, article b'th, all treat iis made or which shall be made under the authority of the Lhiited Stati's, the supreme Imo of the land, equally with the common statute law. And it has been shown, that the treaty of peace with Mexico, by the laws of nations, involved and authorised the appointment of the odicers of New Mexico and California, in the same or a similar manner as be- fore. Then, that treaty, bcins; the law of the land, does vest the appointment of such oihcers in the President, until otherwise provided by Cono;ress. Apjain, it has been doubted whetlier tlie laws of those pro- vinces authorise the immisi;ratio!i of slaveholders to them, with their slaves. In answer to this it may be repeated, those pre- existing; laws oidy have force where they do not conflict with the constitutional, lecral, and other rights of the American Go- vernment and people. They come in as territories, and no territory has any rii^ht to exclude any citizen of the United States, on penalty of confiscation, or rather deprivation of pro- perty, without compensation : such property bcin^ recognised by the Constitution itself. It is donbtful even if such territo- rial law should be confirmed by act of Con2;ress, — it is doubt- tul if any act of Congress itself would not be constitutionally nidi and void in such a case. To say to any American citizen you shall not go to such parts of the national territory, on penalty of deprivation of property, is a very harsh, a very high- handed proceeding, only to be justified by necessity to pro- mote the good and ultimately preserve the property of the citizen himself, as has been herein explained before. Hut such an act is, after all, of doubtful constitutionality. The article authorising regulations for the public territory, and to pto\ ide for the general welfare, may possibly, by strained con- struction, authorise it, but after all. it is exceedingly doubtful if it does not require the action of the sovereign power, in conven- tion, to legalise such an act. It U Uiu- lliat l'oii|{r«-sN, actiiin iiiidtr the coiivtitutiotial uutliuri- l\ to rrciivr UfW Sluti>, hd* trf<|Ui'Ull\ inailt- it a (uuditioii of ikurii rt-ri-ution, to uiltipt ul)ulitiuii. Hut it is tib\ ions thut tin* viili«litv ol such abolitiou ijroffcds Iroin tin- ucl ul the jK'opIc ol till- lu-w State, in their convention. It is doubtful, exceediui;- Iv, if anv \a\\ of C'ouijre.v., or of any St;iU' lenisbture, to this ell'ect, is not null and void unless wuthorLsed. No lejiislation wenLs then nccf&sttry on this account, and therefore, the whole subjcjt of the Free-Soil, or rather free-ne^ro soil question, inu\ be |>ron«>uiued to be, as has been said before, already settled satisfactorily in every particular. We will now proceed to exanune whether there are any feelings or prejudices at the North or South, either existiim prex iously or engendered by the subject, strcui^; eiK>uijh to ob- struct a settlement »)f this (juestion in a statt*sinaidike manner, «>r rather, as such settlement has been shown to have been mad< alreadv, to disturb it. Such sectional prejudices in a countr\ are verv potent for e\ il, and similar, though not so mali;jnant, a-s those between nations ; ami, to see the mischiel produced by fcuch prejudices, we nmst look at their operation in this case, where there is nothing; to obstruct their sway. hook at till' \ou\i, and bloody wars between Kn^land and Trance, tw o nations separated by a narrow channel very little wider than the Chesapeake bay. What misery must have been produced in the many hundred years during; w Inch they have swayed the councils of both countries. Hut even in the same country in J'urope, we see in every province dis>imilarities in the lannua<^e, manners, and appear- ance of the people so remarkable that they must infallibly pro- duce sectional prejudices such ils would render a Clovernnient like ours, founded on public opinion, impracticable, if they were not all subservient to some central influence, as that of their metropolis. Hut how dilVerent is it in our country ; thou^hout its Viust evteiii how strikin^^ly homoueneoiLs is its population ' it is tru«-, 1 have seen p»-rsons who have said they onl\ want lt» (-atch a Klimpse of any of our peojile to t«'ll ex- a»lly w hat State he is of. Hut I n«\er myself coidil boast of mich discernment, although lixin-^ all my life where persons can la- wen from every .section of the I'nion. To nie they M-eni as much alike, almost, as the coina>{e o\ our mint, partak- lUK f^enerull) . in a mo.st remarkable denree, ol the same charac- U-ri»tic4i. Tl»r hlrikini4 nintilarily of our people, loijether with the fre- cfuem V of couimunicution lK-twe«ii them, protliwes, of course, a freedom from M-clional prejudice that is reumrkuble, and not ^ '25 only romovos many clirtlcultios from tlu' |.iitli of tin- statrsinaii ill lliL' si'ttletni-nt of (loiiustic (|iii'sti()iis ol policv, but, also, de- stroys all llios*' r('iitrilni;iil tiiuUiicii's w liicli iiii<;ht lead e\entu- allv to a dissolution ol'tlit" I iiion. A \ I'ly distiiiiiuislu'd stati'snian of our country from lh«' North, in a late speech, alluilini; with satisfaction to tlic frcj-doni of the North from sectional views, applied happily the i|2ii<-d Lit lliiitA tu cause- duiuaui* to any man or any rrt-atun*. His wiff uIm», who had prfparcd a di-tiM-it, wouUI tiiid that the custard ur the pudding had more the flavor of pint- wiMxl than uny thinit hrouulit from thu Indim. notuilh- >tai»diiiy shf hud spired it lihrrally with one of those beautilul iiiitine^'i, iMJii^ht of the same man. Siieh were some of the stories then afloat at th»' South, and Southern men were more disp«»M-d to he indignant tlun than now, when ealh'd upon to eneourajje Nortliern industry. On the other hand, the Nortli had similar stories u>;ainst thi South, and thouiiht it e«iuallv \\n.n\ to he r«<|uired to patroni/e the aiirieultural productions ol the South. It aeeused the South and Southwest, ainonii other tlnims, of raising or eurini: hams •'' a vtrv eurii'Us deM-ription. Doleful stories w«re told, tliat many u Noitliiin ladv talvinn her K-at at table, w ith her friends well plea.Md that she wasahoulto treat them to an ehuanl \ ii(;iiiia ham, when alas! the said hum W8.s found impeiietrahh- eveli to the keen etl^e of Ko^ers' best steel, in lact liothilii; hut a saw rould possihiv open it, inu.smueh u.s it was made ol the identical material that huA furnished a celebrated auubr'ufutl \o a celebrated l*re«>ident of the I'liited States. They have, h«»vvever. come to a Intti-r unOiTstandinj; since thoM- days «)f mutual banter, »n«l now all conliss they net tin worth of their mone> . liut more wa.ssaid then aluiut disuni»>n than now . \nd 1 remember bein^ in a v« ry plea-sant party ol Ueiitlemen at dinner, when, with wine, the subject of |H>liti< - WHS broached as usual. 'I'liere was |)re.s4nt a younij lawyer and he, whither he wjls destitute of the patriotism whil talk, or whether the .Maihini did not suit his constitution, foi some re.iMin or «»ther. proh-ssi-d disunion sentiments, and Ix'^an to eipatiati on the benefiLs that w»)uld result to the S«iuth Imm i» diMsolution of the I'nioii. There w iis prewnt also a uhllant < llircr of the Nn^\. friun the Ijistcrn Shore of Maryland, wb .tiiticipateil tlif re*t, and iminedi.itely lui;j;ed out in «lelence < ' the star-spnn;;led banner. The coiillict w as not so unei|iial as miclit (N»up|HiMd. The law \« r talked nmarkably well, but the saibu wa* full of nautiril rradinevs and humor. Tlie lawyer nlwund- e\ hat you pK-ase ahout tin- hnn fits ol tin- I'uioii, Imt sdiin- of thoM- Ninthcriirrs ari' MTV had jifdplf. Not loiii; ,im) a Vaiik»"«' |)t«ilar .c of a iiciyhhor of' iniin" v\ lit'ii hi- was away Iroiii honic, and chtated his wife, hy si-ll- iim Irt u oodi'ii ciuuinher sc'cd. At least, thtv lU'Ncr canu- up. Now, suppose he had served you so, ^^ hat would you ha\e done' Done, said Jaek, with a cinnie earnestness that is in- deseiibahle, what woidil I hav«' doiu- ' I (I have ijone io his iiousc when fu- was away from home, and cheated his wile, iiut I would not di.<.iibilitv, of dis- solviuii the Union, and at the same time to lacilitate the settle- ment of all disjMited questions in tjeneral, and those pendin^r in particular. I will endeavor to recount them, and will commence with the South. In the first place the .South has jTJven active proofs of attach- ment to the North by marcbinij to its defence ajjainst invasion. Duringthe warof theRevohition a reijiment from Maryland saved the honor of the day and the reputation of our arms, in the battle foucht on Lons; Island in defen* e of New York. In the open field it defeated several veteran liritish refiiments, in turn, cut- linn to pieces the Welsh Fusiliers. Nor did it retire until the gerK'ral retreat of our army enabled the enemv, by an attack in front, rear, and one Hank, to force it ofl'tlu- field, with the loss of two-thirds of its number. .Snd, afterwards, the .Southern horse, drawn from \ iVfjinia and IMarvland, whose exploits have given Cooper a foundation for one of his truly national stories, and the Southern rifles, rendered eminent services. .\lso. the 28 lA-Uuuii', V ii:;inia, and .Maiyl.iiiil Liiitx rciidiinl i;uuil .stivin ill oven biillU- ul llii- North, iiiilil tln-y wcrf ordi-ied SduIIi {<• assist the nalliiiil tro«»]w of tin* (aroliuus iiud (Icornia to riic«k th<* progress of thi- Hrilish army in lluit (|uarter. And iu-\t (hiriiit; tlic hist war, thousands marched from th« South and South-west to defLMid the Northern frontier a-^uinsi lh«' Hiilish ano|)ul iti(Mi ought to have been the standard, because it is in- \ arial)le, and because it is the best index of wealth, and the stalti which each State has exposed to be legislated on. Neverthe less, all we want is to have representation so adjusted its t' secure good legislation, an.ift of their own country without going in a wav to N\liicl llicy are unafcuitomed. Sometimes ill health, more than curi al»li' : l)iil invalids cannot avail tliomsrlvts ol' tlicm willioiil subjtM-tin;; tlii'insi'lvts (<> harassing, vexations Irom aho- litionists of t'lis sort. Hvery thin:; tliat inli<)spital)i(.' inalii2;!iit\ and inijiMiuity can devise is done to distuib their peace. vSomc- (iiiies a most plain provision ol' the national Constitution, for tlie rendition of fus^itive slaves, has been rendered nugatory by the perseverinjs; cunninjj; of such persons, and thereby the in- \alid is deprived o'f the services of a valuable slave, trained up with care to perform services necessary to the comfort of the aijed and the sick. But abolitionists do not always, it seems, come oif with llyins>" colors in such causes. The last case I have hoard of was that of a yount;- lady, who leaving occasion to s;o to the North, took with her, as a servant, a youne; free negro girl. Arriviiifij at the destined place, a certain Nortbern city, she took rooms in a hoarding house. The next day a man, gcn- tetly dressed, (but surely no American,) abruptly entered her sitting room, and rudely demanded to know if she had not w ith tier a yoinio; colored huh/, whom she held as a slave. The lady replied that she Jiad with her a young colored girl, but that she was free and a hired servant. The man expressed his belief, notwitlistanding, that the girl was a slave, and said she must be delivered up. The lady referred him to the girl herself, who happened then to enter the room. The man ac- costed the girl, with respect, and asked if she was not held as a slave. The girl denied that she was. The man then said he was sure she was too much in fear of her mistress to contra- dict her, but that he would soon show her how many friends she had in that place, who would protect her. The lady begged he would use no violence, as the girl was certainly free. The abolitionist tlounced out to collect the usual mob. He soon marshalled in front of the house all his odoriferous forces, •'black spirits and white, blue spirits and grey." The girl was about to be seized under a writ of habeas corpus, to be carried to a place of securitv, all the time protesting she was free, when news of the afhiir reached the ears of some of those noble sons of the North, those true gentlemen, who are ever as ready to rescue helpless Southern travellers, men or women, from the violence of abolitionists of this stamp, as they are to lead the gallant volunteers of the North to the defence of the South, and they interfered, and soon put a stop to proceedings equally unmanly, inhospitable, and ridiculous. But these are not all the vexations which have harassed the South, and made its patriotic endurance to shine as gold tried in the furnace. The institution of the jury trial has been desecrated and per- 30 \ritiil l>\ |>ri jiiditt- iii ' |ii*>(ly to I«M(' tin- roii- tidrnre ol Soullirtii jn-upK' mi tins milijrd. Instant «■: tin- raw wlirna Sonthfrn ninn. u|)|il\ in^ lor icntliliou ol h fiicitivi-slnxt' ut-ruriiiiiK t» law unci tlu- ( 'unntitutiuii, and Immiis; rcfiiMrd by u Niifthcm |ud;:f. roiitmrv to both, took away bin slave by fori-t-. Hf \va» indicted bv the urand jury of the niunty where the ►lave was harbored, lor k.idn:i|)|iiiiu, allhouuh ol' jtiirh an of- fcnrv he luuld not |K»silil> hu\e beiii ((uilty, not e>en roMstruc- lively . if the iiiteiitinii luiistituteH theerinie. H«- is demanded ol the Ktecutixe of Ins own Stale, and ttiviii up a(-cu^din^ to the (\>nHtituliun ; and notliinii but u transfer of his ea.M- to a I'ni- ted Stati-N Court eoiild |iussilih have Nixed liini, and jireventecl his cnnvirtion of ■ rrinje fur tuLin^ posMssion ol his own pro- iHTty, when illei^allv withheld Ikhii him by a most daring vio- lation of tin- fonMittition — the supreme law of tin- lund. For. doubtb-vn. the eounty that < ould priMhn i- sin h a judjre and siuh a uranil jurv, eould alsti ha\e prodiuid a jM-tit jury of a siniilai ^lanlp to consummate their woik. Hut more vet. 'I'he incendiary proreedinirs i»f aholilioniM> not content with prostrating all law . w ith oiitrai;iiii;rvery riyht ol Southern men in the \x ide lield of lln- .North, have invaded tin South itself, and rendered it necessary, by their miilty p«rvei aion of the post, to desecrate that institution also, althouifh heiti •acrrd bv every free (iovernment when consistent with the |jres<'rvaliun of tlu.' public weal. Hy means of incemliary pub- lications ihev wen- spr«•adin^ such disalleclion amonij theMavev atnl lrc«- nciir«M'« in some places at the .'"ioutli, xs not only to ar- rest all steps which Southern men wer«' takins: for the amelio- nitioii of tliiir condition but to make the present condititui ol both ar-tuiillv much wor*c than it e\er wiui before. K\ery on« arcjuainted \x ith Southern life «m plantations knows with what ea«.e thev I ill be managed by a person who understaiuls th< neyro rharai ter, provided no ilisallcction exists. Always, in »urh ca.M-s, I have known plantations to be the al>«»de of much hnppini^ to both the whites anolitionistiarilv as on board a ship at »ea. and that -inv refractory l.ehayior inuM Im- at once put down. To spri n Iioin (In* slaves tlu- |)lr;Lsaiit liiotivcs ol lidclitv, ohcilieiicc, iinil thiil .illi'ctiuii to tlu-ir iimsttTs tor wliii-li in'^rors are renmrkable, \s lu II Wfll aflt'ctid, luid Mil)slitiitcs the unhappy inoti\i' of fear of puiiisiimeiit. It luakts liiiii not only uiiliappv , but perrhanre uiilaitlilul ami disposed to eM-ape away. In such cases, distrust is excited against those who remain, and for every one who escapes, two at least are sold away, who inii;lit, but fortius, have lived and died at home. liut not unlv has it been necessary to desecrate the post, but another institution, or rather lii^ht, of far more importance. The ri;;ht of j)etition. This, also, it has been found necessary to curtail in couse(|uence of certain abolitionists. And as this involves a t^rievance oi' far more importance to the North than any yet mentioned, I have reserved it for the hist of the list, with the intention to dilate upon it as I think its importance demands. 1 \vi>h to bt: understood. 'J'he infrin^jement of tht; post and of the ri<^ht of petition, were doubtless necessary measures. But of tliat necessity the South has reason to com- plain. It is true, tliat it h.xs been found necessary in self-defence to violate those institutions, owing to their perversion to purpos«*s of mischief by abolitionists of the mischievous sort. I am in- clined to think, however, that every gallant Southerner will con- sider the evil to which 1 allude of greater magnitude than any averted by this measure. It is has been said by a sage, " in measures of government good cannot be uni\ t-rsal, it can only be predominant." IJut in this case the evil predominates. Anrc^/ir.v/ xrometi in the world ; then this \ icw of the subject must be admitted to have been always of the greatest importance. 'i"o be put to the ban by the fair of the North, is to be ban- ned and barred from the good graces of two-thirds of the beauty and female attractious of this irreat country ! Thi< circumstanr-*^ 32 wiHiM have iDx ulrril hI atl Uiiu-A u M-'vurc f{rie\ aiK-c tu tb«- Siuih. liut u hell \vc think vi the poi illiar iiiudv in which Amt-rirau U-autN \iiut choM'ii uflatf tu rrwuid Aiiicriraii t^Ji-uLs, p.itriutiMii. uuil \alur ; w iicii \\v rciiu-iiiLK-r that (iriit mi T:i\hir. at liis late iiTcpliuii ill OuiiHlii»uii\ tlit', J^ouisiatiu, w uh iiixitrd to Ilikn, and tiid kiNt, uil tiiL- bcuutv in tin* |>lttcc ; >\ lii-ii \\c ri'iiK'tiibi-r that Mr. C'lit) t!\|MTii'ii('rd u hiinilur (;oud lurtaiif in uiit- of tin- .Nurtl)t hu suid tlie |)apir> , uiul iiltiiuui^li ImiIIi ui tlii-M- c-tiiilii:lit |>atiiu|ji dout>tl(.-M dtfMfrvcd Micli rvwiud, yet, iievcrtiici(-t»K, it was itnpt><«>iblv to read i-itliL-r a<-i-uuut witlioul iei-liii^H of inti-iisc cii> y : \% hen ui- tliiiilk. ol ull ihcM; tliiiii;!<, if tiiL-\ du iiul caUM: us di'cpK to auatlii iiiutiM.* .Mr. liurriM)!!. the ]*liilaiitiiropi>t, who orit;inully iiivi'hteti or dis«:oVtr«Ml niudi-rii ubohlioii, uiul is IJuTflore le- >|HiD>ibiv for all its NuK<-i|(iciit inisdeods, ul icaM vt t* raiiiiut M-l'raiu U) t-Mluiiii in the words (•! th«* port — Swi-cl ii Uie- MJiijj iif ' 'i'lic »iH«!v» of rliil'li' Uu( <l|! , i:.J be — to luar that Mr. (iarri- I thr Styx. to dis Cus tin* pliilunthrop) ol abolition. This is a suhjol which w i- rt-ally cannot dixniiss without seur.s, since 1 wus Noilh of Majtuii ttiid l^ixuii'h lin<-, but I theu saw wouivii tiiere with w'huni to Ik- capli\ati-d wa.sa tiling oleotirsc. A Southern gentleman wriliiti; home in th<«M-* days would have to re\er>e (Jumu s da.shini^ leltirr. and wiito. I rann\ I tvtw, I am ront^uercil. And to be tiisenehuiiteil. he woidd (eel to Im- OS inipossihU-or ini|iructiiaiile ii!»ab<>liliun it.s> ll. '1 he Norlh- eni Im-iilitv WU.S suddenly in xoled with a new interest. A i0UM-r\ati\e coun»e uua felt imiH>Ksible. I'ltraisni wuh the • irder of the day. And if he eoulii ni>t succeed to pursuadc iJic Nortbi rn lair to (itk« liini, "lor Ik iter, lur worse,' he was lain !<• bet.l a hjM.t^ly n treat, to inler|Hiliu hiA \eiuji. Hut the Soutlii riu*r did not always .si;;h in vain, and I lik\e Lu»wu lair Hbi>lilii)ni.sUs of the Noitli «-iidued with that eliarininK inroiLsiMeiu-y considered bv Nome woman h greatest rUann, tu coim-hI loroiue tn the South, and not only Ml a bright e\aaiplc u* Under w ive» and mulhii5, but a> moi«l kind inis- lrv«N;*of pUntall01t^. But perhaps, gentlemen of the South, vou have not all been to the North, and as\\e desire to unite tfie whole South in an erton to extricate it from the sad dileiiuna in \Nhieh it lies, \vc must endeavor to ijive you as graphic a description as pos^ihle of \\\\n* we have seen, that you may enter fiilK into our senti- ments. You have vfad Cooper's story of the I'ioneers : if ro, must have admireivt-ly ou tmc arm |lliili- the odii-r in thrvnn i;r.urrully biu.'k. Slu* re»idc«. or liid resMc, iu Ni-w ^'ork. DiJ you c\cr see a fwc lliat uiiile to he li»tci)iu^ to her fuir rotnpanioit. liut heri , ni^iu, is iiijotlier. in CJodey's book for June plate of fashions ; bhe on the riHht with the shade crecL i have weu lur aUi), u fuir Philadclphiini. NVhat an e.\<|ui>ile face, what b«ii'ij»in^ altirc, what i;ru! temp(iu;{ly, a& if she \\ „ up to ;iivt Mr. (JaJhouii, .Mr. UehHer, .Mr. Ben- ton, or some other veteran statcsuiun, the wme delicious ^reetr inj^ which ^* • • 'V.v nerluips, so lately to Mr. Clay : while she ){lanccs at ; . ; ., '< I whom she deems too youa;f yet, or too simple, to b« Iru-sltd t'i nceivu it- lie:iu(ifiil pictures of which I have^J .1 I ci»iinterpiirt,s, amoni( our fairr toiint; .\i)iiii. But 1 suppo.sc they are all por-- tniil*- • Philudelphia, where those «-xcellent .Ma^. i; rWt«.d, although it is not .so said : ceitcs, there ii U' Ml ere fi'r an artist to draw uj>on his fane v.— i A eyes, you who have the opportunity, tiv^ ^> -> and lobbies, tilled with the lair dau:{hters vf both tile North and South, where so many come daily, a^ tuey ^uy. to hear the tlebates, but really wc huspeet to llirt witlf the baeJulor members and gallant marrit^d men whose wives a^e indulgent or o»tl of the way, and say if they do not present ■'. l|lo^t beautiful, animated, and perfect contirmatioii of all I, I,.., . : t ..„) jjl J Imyt- J,,1J yuy_ MMue of iiueh ^ems o( beauty and lovclinciis to have t'lMK ij i!H II utti-ntjori to polities, a.s .Vun-riean women are apt Uu Jo; and Mjp|H>se they should ^et wmnn on the subject of abo- li'i ' li, b( int{ on the wronj; side of the Ohio and Milsoui a line, th« y are .min- to do; and suppost: them eoU he till ui Minie eh:; HI I l)iiiidoir at the North or .Northw<'st, audi btve laid lluir j»< tty little heinb toKelher to draw up ami send a |H.-lIUun tu ( uUKfe^x. It is ' writ with a ciou cpiill un giil 35 edced paper," perhaps with all thi- pathos of w liieh any onenf the fair (•c>iitrii)Utor-N to the aforesaid mau;a/iiies miirht hr rapn- ble. It is read, and excites dt-ep feelinir atnoii;; the fair niidi- tors. Numerous sweet voices, jsll talUini; at oiwe, make mnsir more delii^litful than any coiieert of birds. K;ieh is eamT to siijii, and with bri^lit eyes suHiised with tears, and l)os(»ins heaviiiii; with emotion at the recital of iniacfinarv woes, nd)v lips breathe soft orisons for success. It is sent to t^oni^rt-Ks; and then, oh! finale most nnromantie for snch a scene, it must be thrown sternly and iiinominiously on the table, tlx-re to remain. No committee of correspondence can be appointed, composed of Southern bachelors or gallant married men, to examine it, and, if stern political necessity recpiires its rejection, to soften such rejection, and propitiate by compliments, excuses, &.c. None to encpiire, respectfully, whether the continuance of the favor and £;ood i^races of the fi\ir petitioners is to be expected after such rejection; and if the answer is No! no anxious committee of conference can be appointed, of tlie same materials, to ascer- tain, by personal interview, if it is the 7?o that means yes, whi( !i ladies sometimes use. None of these thinixs can be done, but a paper, gemmed, perhaps, with the tears (however needlessly shed gallantrv will never eiujuire) of our ])rettv eountrvw omen, is throAvn ignominiously on the table, there to be huddled w ifh papers emanating from all sorts of places and all sorts of people. Perhaps something might be done to mitigate the unijualified hardsliij) of the position of Southern statesmen and Southern men. It is true, that statesmen are not at liberty to use the words of honest old Sir Geoffry Osbaldistoue, " It shall never be said there was but one woman at Osbaldistoue Hall, and she died for want of not having her will." Public trusts and pub- lic duty recpiire a spirit more unyielding, lint surely gallantry might provide some fitting receptacle, some delicate urn or or- namented vase, fragrant of roses, to hold these interesting eflu- sions of our fair countrywomen, and propitiate their autliors and signers. Commending this subject to the due consideration of every gallant Southerner, we will now pa.ss on to the relation of what has been done and endured by the North, for the sake of the Union and our common country. It has been observed already that the North h;us not been called upon, like the South, by uncontrollable circumstances, to endure and make sacrifices for the sake of tiie South. Had such been the Civse, there are siijns of devotion '-in her every look and act" to show what would then be her demeanor. Has not the North ever been to the South like a fond and devote«l sister? And as such a sister will deck her favorite with the 3G briKliH**' orn>.initrDt9 nud the chuicist mttirt*. to U^s the Nurtb •howfred ujMjti Uic S««ulli, •• u* Iroin mi urn, the houorv) of the K«[.ul>Uc, wayward and erroneous as shr MMnrtiiiirs pruteftU the '^••uili to \m-. So that th«- iHttcr b«*Kiii» to n>k, W li\ is it e>er thiisf \N liv will \uu not Irt nit* do hoini-thiut; lor you; your o*vn fjrrat uiid di»tint;uivlit*d m>us r Thry haxc K:i\iM) ample ptoofA, ill vour Statf rotiniiU, ol thi* hiciickt uider ol stutt'Knian- »hip ; tlu-v liAve made your land to Mnilr and blo&>oiii a» the ro»f — a ^erv Kden : they havt- givm aniplc proofs in our Na- tional C'ouiirils of the Minr qu.ilitications, of the highest talents and the purest patriotisin. Why will >ou not convnt to crown them with the riniplet of political honors, the testimonials of our mutual f^ror. Kveii the niolrutation to which the South is to much exposed, and of which she so mtuh complain*, upjwurs to proceed in a Creat measure from the well-nwairt, but mi!«(aLen, ellorts of Northern men to benelit the South. For. 1 In-lieve in my heart, that not one moment could the abolitionist *tund or tind fa\or at the North, after our Northern brethren cease to belic\e that his elVorls are meant and calculated f«»r our express benefit. I belioe in mv heart, that could a majority of our fellow -citi- zens of the Noith l>e made to understand our pe- diMduals ; we could cite numerous instancet and facts. Hut. ala», this w lu»le subject is ureatly mingled with party feuil^ and aniiiu>»itielio\\s that some were abh- to arrive in time. Hut if we take a retrospective ylancc to tile war of tlie Hevohitioii, we will see a dillerent seene. We will behold a seene far dillerent il we look i);uk to that period of time, w hen all the ellorts of valor and endurame of the brave troops of the ("arolinas and (Jeor^^ia, aided by those of Delaware, \ iryinia, ami .Mar\land, were unable to stop the progress of the British arms; when after many hard-luuiiht battles, aflt;r meetini^ resolutely every hardship and sullerini; of fatitjue and distitii- tion, still the cause of freedom and independence was fast sinkiiiir low; when the British army had nearly o\errun those States, and the slern and hitherto invincible Cornwallis, at the head of a superior veteran army, carried fire and sword throuif bout \'ir ; and we can see in the war-worn countenances of the tired and droopinc; soldiers that the thousjhts of encampment and repose are sweet to them. The appearance of a uniform is that of the American army. They also bear the Ameiican standard. Who are tliose men ? They are the troops of the line of old Pennsylvania, ever faith- ful and true in the time of danger. And they iiave come, with the gallant Wayne at their head, all the way from that distant State. They have marched many hundreds of miles, and tht;y have suflered every privation of a long, toilsome, and dillicull route. And they are about to take their stand besidt; the men of Maryland, Virginia, and Delaware, to assist the tr«>ops and people of the far South in their desperate struggh- for t'reedom. lor property, and for life. They encamp, and night soon eloMts lb' trrur. Ami Mii|f«- <»l iht* *• ■ nrlv t>ll t* ''(itl uo*! hu^lu li III njwiM-. iWi( Mit and lln- sLn . Tlif Nhri«-Us ;illlli;4. ll IN it hoUIld U ilirll IK) ( ivili/l(i IIK'II rMlll-Nfril' Mliirli no rivili/ed men run f\(T liciir and iniHtakc Si!n< m-ouslv, brii;ht is tli«' llii»>li and drah nin^ thr r«-|iuit ul" n \rm riAc-*, and tlu* tramp of nn ii, und vt* know al oiuv lhi»' iil<*«'|>ini; AnuTican r-.'.iiiji i«> mit thr iiprour, urc heard llir orders of Wayne and his Mntt. Keadv and Iniid are the ansuerinjj shouts of the men. Order in soon eiven to the fn-ree. tiiniulUioiis light. A fkilful inove- menl. whii-li none but \eteraii v.ilor could plan and exi^'Ute fi fiueh a nionuiit, insta! tlv hen»s in the more darinsrem mii-*, v their leadiT, >\ ho hud pen* (rated the eamp, und at the k time altiu'ks and press's hard on t!ie rest. And no\» the son joHJii heard from the li«-ld of battle tell lis that lh«- whites, i blo4Mi up, toutrint^ hiuh, art ^i\ in;; the swarthy rulhans liie chastisement they mi richly deH \« ilh their < ' in \ e di-f'Midrrs, thi \ on ' nrak ; nor of them* Infort- or rlw-whofp; nor Jiuw tltfir lir>t uiiival uii«l jiiii«'(iuii witli l.iira\ cttc in Vir- KiiiiM 111 si turiM'U tilt' lidr ul' >i( lory in o\ii liivor. It is laiiiiliar to evtiy Anierifau ac'inuiiitcd \\illi the liihtury hiu}i;ton at their head, and joiiiiiii; tiieiu, tl»e trot>pj; under Latayette and those uiidi r lUxhuiiibeuu, our i'rcnch ally, put a stop to the niaraudiut; tipeiatious of Corn- wullis. un a war in which the .South oidy >va^ exposed, in w hich the South, we may ahnost sav, wa^ alone concerned, it wi!>.>ippi ol' Tr\«« that iiiu»t b« nliuu-d ; not alone thoM* ut' ArkanMi». ol Su«itl) ( atoliiia of 'r«Miiin»s«-e ; not alone of Marvland. of Mis- »ntn oi Krittiirkv, aiio. those of lllinotv liuiiaiia. Ohio, iind the whole North-west, aiul thoM* of l*c<e was end>urravM'd bv the Miliri- tAtiuns of the Northern \ olunteeis to be allowed to iijjht in thut war; one ral>iderution connected w ith tlu- Free- ^Mlil and n-ndition (pieslions, or anv feelin;; existint; in anv part of our rountrv, either existini; pre\iouslyor emjenderi-d bv them, or any intrinsic dithctdty lM'loni;intj to them, calculated tn prevent «>r dir^urb a M-ttletnent ol them on just, national and Male'tniiiniike principles. That our statesmen liave oit thesi- ({u«->tionH u clear field ; and. if they act w ith the juds- ment that has so lun^ and m> eminently distini;uished th« m. a «|uiei and bstinti »-<-ttlement of th«*se (|uestions is inevitable. .\nd now, tjentlenien of the N«>rth, before 1 conclude this verv imjierfect addre«*, 1 desire to make s«>nie I'urther remarks, of a nature, or for an object, soniew hnt dillerenl from that w hich i , ted the preceding — lor an object sonuw hat persiit«dilv throu;;hout. and I will franklv shv 1 think we of ib- .*^<)u(li under^tatld it better than \ou. Vou, no doubt, think dil- ferentlv. Hut e\p<-rience is the best teacher in all cavs. aiid cirrum«tAncrs, bevond our control, haw forced ujK>n me and r%erv Southern man a deep consideration of this question, in all It* bearings. It cannot but be familiar to \i% all. and il deepiv roiK I rns u». And I, thcrebire, feel sutislied that the vjew^ wbirh 1 h«vr expressed are just and well foundeons, which seem to me unanswerable, for a contrurv course. But I know the intlexibility of prejudice, and I have not the vanity to sup- pose that any attempt of mine, feeble as it must necessarily be, will succeed to remove it : w ill avail to make the trutli on this subject palatable to minds tVom which inveterate prejudice has long banished it. But, on the contrary, I know that any ex- posure of errors long held and cheri^heof the North an? inclined lu I!- :i..: ■•!- c^iri . ....i-li thcif tueimjry . And, think vou that South have no »uch •^ntimi-nt — no such f • 1 i* 8'^ ancient :i« the North, and ran boast I : rs ill iui opinion, no U-ss iiublo — no le»^ A il Hitiiv of u«» rail revert hack more tlmi two ) nr* in r«!niiiiM'cnct.-«. u'nl traditiiin«, which connect ;iicfstor*; men of elevated M-ntime;its and I, men who wrved their country in every peiil. III «-\itv diiiKulty. whither at the North or S< i^h wh'thiT in the covmcil or tlu* field, and were Kom) citi/i ii*, pO'id neitjlibor* and 'jifxl men: but thev were ^luv<•holde^s. I'roni tlieiii, Minn* of u* have r. and now so niiint lin- v*\. And with manv of us it would hv the cbm'. that if all tlje meml>er* of a numero'is connection who are slaveholders or ' '\ with jilaverv, were not in life, we could then ro arix rt fitris. and in I roiitlict can neither give nor take too ; at sttike. Nor shiuild \on cxjM'ct him to "roar you as gent- ly a-s the suckini; dove" on tin- subjert of abolition. \nd have vou no MMitimcnts in vnur own bosoms that would lead vou to rc'jret th;it he sijould do otherwise. One-half of your country is klax rholdiii;;, and will, probably from choice, and certainly from ne their influence i '•'«.. ned. and their power to breast the torrent of politirni trou- ble. Hut bnve vou on the b'*art. no name written, as well a^ »r nf tbr KiMti-Mnen of the p..st. which vou feel inclined to c'et'« fid frotn »■ ' repronch. \re we not all called the cbi'ughoiii thi»wide world. 43 every Anu'ticau stood treot when his naiin- was heard. Rut he was a slaveholder ; deriving descent from n lent; line of fore- fathers who were slaveholders. And the time is now at liand, if the spirit of ahnlitioii prevails, wiien we must han;; the head at the nanu' of Washington. And who recjnire us to do this? Men who come here rei kinc; from the rorruptiuns of Kurojie — moral, political, and so( ial — to teach morality and relicjion to the enlightened and virtuous citi/cns of this great Republic. EUR A T .\ . Pig© 6 Fourth line of 4th paragraph, for Landu read Landers. 12 Second line from boltom, for "they would" read they should, Jtc. 13 ITtli line, for " consideration" read examination. 16 2"Jd line, the sentence commcnrine thus, " Besides, the word Jtr- ticf, as distinguished from labor and discharged, appears," should read as follows, Besides the words service (as distinguished from labor) and discharged, appear," &c. In the same patre, lOtli lino from the bottom, the first word. " national," should be mutual. 24 7th line, for " unless authorized," read unless so authorized. £5 9th line from bottom, for " ofl'ered," read afforded. 31 13th line, for " in consequence of certain abolitionists," read, ia consequence of the perversions of certain abolitionists. 4th line, tame page, for " North," read South. W46 V ♦* ■• '"^r O P /y ^;.